Zaporoški kozaci pišu podrugljivo pismo turskom sultanu (ruski: Запорожці пишуть листа турецькому султану) je jedna od najpoznatijih i najvažnijih slika rusko-ukrajinskog slikara Ilje Rjepina koju je slikao od 1880. do 1891., o čemu svjedoči zapis samog umjetnika na rubu platna. Slika prikazuje polulegendarni događaj negdje između 1672. i 1680. godine, kada su zaporošci iz utvrde Sič uspjeli pobijediti osmanskog sultana Mehmeda IV. Sadržaj sultanovog pisma je poznat, a odgovor kozaka je izgubljen pa kasnije rekonstruiran, što je u Rjepinu, nakon čitanja, potaklo zanimanje za čitav događaj. Sliku je kupio ruski car Aleksandar III. za 35.000 rubalja, što je tada bila najveća cijena plaćena za djelo ruskog umjetnika.

Povijest i odlike

Povijesna pozadina slike je događaj iz 17. stoljeća, kada su Zaporoški kozaci 1676. godine uspjeli obraniti svoju utvrdu, sultan Mehmed IV. im je poslao ultimatum:

Kozaci su odgovorili nizom uvredljivih i vulgarnih rima, parodirajući sultanove titule:

Ova verzija je iz 18. stoljeća koju je Dmitri Ivanović Javornitskij (na slici prikazan kao pisar) pročitao Rjepinu jednom prilikom. U to vrijeme Kozaci su bili jako cijenjeni kao narod koji jako drži do slobode, ravnopravnosti i bratstva; kako ih je opisao Nikolaj Vasiljevič Gogolj. Zaporoški kozaci su simbol ukrajinske neovisnosti nezavidnog povijesnog razdoblja 18. st., te je kao rođenom ukrajincu Rjepinu ova tema bila osobito bliska. Ilja Rjepin je tada bio poznat po intimnijim portretima, ali i dramatičnim povijesnim događajima koji sa sobom donose snažan osjećaj svrhe. Njegova metoda rada je bila u potpunom kontrastu tada popularnom impresionizmu, jer se mukotrpno osvrće na svaki detalj (što se vidi i na ovoj slici) i pomno razlaže više skica prije samog slikanja. Djelo je realisitično, ali i pomno koristi nacionalne simbole i odlike karaktera naroda kako bi pokazao duh ruskog (ili ukrajinskog, a možda i čitavog slavenskog) naroda.

Postoji i druga, kasnija, realističnija i slikarski lepršavija (na tragu impresionizma) verzija ove slike koja je izložena u Harkovskom muzeju umjetnosti. Vidjevši ovu sliku francuski pjesnik Guillaume Apollinaire je napisao rimovanu verziju "Odgovor zaporoških kozaka sultanu Konstantinopolja" ("Réponse des Cosaques Zaporogues au Sultan de Constantinople") kao dio svoje pjesme "La Chanson du mal-aimé" u zbirci pjesama "Alkohol" (1913.).

Izvori

 Myron B. Kuropas (1961) The Saga of Ukraine: An Outline History. MUN Enterprises

Realističke slike
Ruska likovna umjetnost
Slike iz 1890-ih


Gottfried "Fritz" Kretzschmar (* 3. August 1930 in Strehla; † 23. Dezember 2001 in Leipzig) war ein deutscher evangelisch-lutherischer Theologe, Hochschullehrer für Praktische Theologie in Leipzig.

Leben
Kretzschmar erlangte nach dem Besuch der Volksschule und einer weiterführenden Bildungseinrichtung seine Hochschulreife. Von 1950 bis 1955 studierte er in Halle und Leipzig Evangelische Theologie. 1955 fand er eine Anstellung als Hilfskatechet im Evangelisch-lutherischen Kirchengemeindeverband Leipzig. Gleichzeitig legt er seine Promotion zum Doktor der Theologie ab mit der Vorlage seiner Dissertation über "Die katholische Katechetik als Widerspiegelung der innerkirchlichen Erneuerungsbewegungen der letzten 50 Jahre in Deutschland". Daneben arbeitete er als Redakteur bzw. Verlagslektor des Union-Verlags Berlin. Von 1956 bis 1957 bereitete er sich als Aspirant auf die Übernahme einer Dozentenstelle vor. Von 1958 bis 1964 war er wissenschaftlicher Assistent an der Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig. Zugleich absolvierte er in dieser Zeit von 1959 bis 1961 sein Vikariat, und 1961 wurde er zum Pfarrer ordiniert. 1964 habilitierte er sich mit einer Arbeit unter dem Titel "Volkskirche im Umbruch. Kirchliche Lebensäußerungen in drei Gemeinden der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Landeskirche Sachsens. Eine praktisch-theologische Arbeit auf kirchgemeindesoziologischer Grundlage."  Weiterhin ist er Mitautor zahlreicher Bücher, wie des "Handbuchs der Seelsorge" und des "Handbuchs der praktischen Theologie".

Von 1965 bis 1969 war er Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an der Universität. Von 1968 bis 1973 übte er als Dozent einen Lehrauftrag für Praktische Theologie an der Theologischen Fakultät bzw. am Bereich Theologie der Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig aus. Von 1973 bis 1978 lehrte er als außerordentlicher Professor für Praktische Theologie am Bereich Theologie der Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig, und von 1978 bis 1990 wurde daraus eine ordentliche Professur. Von 1990 bis 1995 lehrte er an gleicher Stelle, jetzt wieder unter dem Dach der wieder gegründeten Theologischen Fakultät.

Gesellschaftlich tätig war Kretzschmar als Mitglied der DDR-CDU und war Vorsitzender der Arbeitsgruppe christliche Kreise der Nationalen Front der DDR in Leipzig. Kretzschmar arbeitete mit in der Christlichen Friedenskonferenz (CFK) und war Teilnehmer der I. und II. Allchristlichen Friedensversammlung (ACFV) in Prag 1961 und 1964.

Kretzschmar war verheiratet und hatte vier Kinder.

Schriften
 Volkskirche im Umbruch. Kirchliche Lebensäußerungen in drei Gemeinden der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Landeskirche Sachsens. Leipzig, 1964
 Die katholische Katechetik als Widerspiegelung der innerkirchlichen Erneuerungsbewegungen der letzten 50 Jahre in Deutschland. o. O., [1959]
 Roland Biewald, Helmut Hanisch, Christoph Kähler, Ulrich Kühn, Gottfried Kretzschmar: Kirche als Kulturfaktor. Festgabe der Theologischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig für Landesbischof Dr. Dr. h. c. Johannes Hempel D. D. zum 65. Geburtstag. Herausgegeben von Ulrich Kühn. Lutherisches Verlagshaus, ISBN 3-7859-0691-9.
 Der Evangelisch-Soziale Kongress. Der deutsche Protestantismus und die soziale Frage. Stuttgart 1972

Literatur
 Christoph Kähler: Gottfried Kretzschmar zum 65. Geburtstag. In: Theologische Literaturzeitung. Nr. 120-9 (1995), S. 853.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Lutherischer Theologe (20. Jahrhundert)
Lutherischer Theologe (21. Jahrhundert)
Praktischer Theologe
Hochschullehrer (Universität Leipzig)
CDU-Mitglied (DDR)
Mitglied der Christlichen Friedenskonferenz
Person (Nationale Front der DDR)
DDR-Bürger
Deutscher
Geboren 1930
Gestorben 2001
Mann

Gottfried Kretzschmar


Bella Savitzky Abzug (July 24, 1920 – March 31, 1998), nicknamed "Battling Bella", was an American lawyer, politician, social activist, and a leader in the women's movement. In 1971, Abzug joined other leading feminists such as Gloria Steinem, Shirley Chisholm, and Betty Friedan to found the National Women's Political Caucus. She was a leading figure in what came to be known as eco-feminism.

In 1970, Abzug's first campaign slogan was, "This woman's place is in the House—the House of Representatives." She was later appointed to co-chair the National Commission on the Observance of International Women's Year created by President Gerald Ford's executive order, presided over the 1977 National Women's Conference, and led President Jimmy Carter's National Advisory Commission for Women. Abzug was a founder of the Commission for Women's Equality of the American Jewish Congress.

Early life
Bella Savitzky was born on July 24, 1920, in New York City. Both of her parents were Russian Jewish immigrants. Her mother, Esther (née Tanklefsky), was a homemaker, and her father, Emanuel Savitzky, ran the Live and Let Live Meat Market on Ninth Avenue. Even in her youth, she was competitive and would beat other children in all sorts of competitions. She ran the cash register at her father's deli as a young girl.

Her religious upbringing influenced her development into a feminist. According to Abzug, "It was during these visits to the synagogue that I think I had my first thoughts as a feminist rebel. I didn't like the fact that women were consigned to the back rows of the balcony." When her father died, Abzug, then 13, was told that her Orthodox synagogue did not permit women to say the (mourners') Kaddish, since that rite was reserved for sons of the deceased. However, because her father had no sons, she went to the synagogue every morning for a year to recite the prayer, defying the tradition of her congregation's practice of Orthodox Judaism.

Abzug graduated from Walton High School in The Bronx, where she was class president. Through high school she took violin lessons and went to Florence Marshall Hebrew High School after classes at Walton. She went on to major in political science at Hunter College of the City University of New York and simultaneously attended the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. At Hunter College, she was student council president and active in the American Student Union. Abzug first met Mim Kelber, who would go on to co-found WEDO with her, at Walton High School and they went on to attend Hunter College with one another. She later earned a law degree from Columbia University in 1944.

Legal and political career
Abzug was admitted to the New York Bar in 1945, at a time when very few women practiced law, and started her career in New York City at the firm of Pressman, Witt & Cammer, frequently working cases in matters of labor law.

As a lawyer, she specialized in labor rights, tenants' rights, and civil liberties cases. Early on, she took on civil rights cases in the South. She appealed the case of Willie McGee, a black man convicted in 1945 of raping a white woman in Laurel, Mississippi, and sentenced to death by an all-white jury who deliberated for only two-and-a-half minutes. Abzug lost the appeal and the man was executed. Abzug was an outspoken advocate of liberal causes, including the Equal Rights Amendment, and opposition to the Vietnam War as well as the military draft. She worked for the American Civil Liberties Union and the Civil Rights Congress.

Years before she was elected to the House of Representatives, she was an early participant in Women Strike for Peace. Her political stance placed her on the master list of Nixon political opponents. During the McCarthy era, she was one of the few legal attorneys willing to openly combat the House Un-American Activities Committee.

Congressional career

Elections
Nicknamed "Battling Bella", in 1970 she challenged the 14-year incumbent Leonard Farbstein in the Democratic primary for a congressional district on Manhattan's West Side. She defeated Farbstein in a considerable upset and then defeated talk show host Barry Farber in the general election. In 1972, her district was eliminated via redistricting and she chose to run against William Fitts Ryan, who also represented part of the West Side, in the Democratic primary. Ryan, although seriously ill, defeated Abzug. However, Ryan died before the general election and Abzug defeated his widow, Priscilla, at the party's convention to choose the new Democratic nominee. In the general election Priscilla Ryan challenged Abzug on the Liberal Party line, but was unsuccessful. She was reelected easily in 1974. For her last two terms, she represented part of The Bronx as well.

Tenure

She was one of the first members of Congress to support gay rights, introducing the first federal gay rights bill, known as the Equality Act of 1974, with fellow Democratic New York City representative, Ed Koch, a future mayor of New York City. She also chaired historic hearings on government secrecy, being the chair for the Subcommittee on Government Information and Individual Rights. She was voted by her colleagues as the third most influential member of the House as reported in U.S. News & World Report.

She was the sponsor for the Equality Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) that made it unlawful to discriminate against any applicant, with respect to any aspect of a credit transaction, on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, or age.

She was frequently verbally abusive toward staff members, including referring to Doug Ireland as a "fat cocksucker."

Although they were banned on the House floor, Abzug was known for her colorful and vibrant hats, and was seldom seen without one. After being forced to remove her iconic hat before entering the House floor, Abzug once remarked that she felt "naked and unrecognizable." She famously reminded all who admired them: "It's what's under the hat that counts!"

In February 1975, Abzug was part of a bipartisan delegation sent to Saigon by President Gerald Ford to assess the situation on the ground in South Vietnam near the end of the Vietnam War.

Abzug was a supporter of Zionism. As a young woman she was a member of the Socialist-Zionist youth movement of HaShomer HaTzair. In 1975 she challenged the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 (revoked in 1991 by resolution 46/86), which "determine[d] that Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination." Abzug said about the topic, "Zionism is a liberation movement."

Campaign for U.S. Senate

Abzug's career in Congress ended with an unsuccessful bid for the Democratic nomination for the US Senate in 1976, which she lost by less than one percent to the more moderate Daniel Patrick Moynihan, who had served in both the Nixon and Ford Administrations as White House Urban Affairs Advisor, Counselor to the President, United States Ambassador to India, and United States Ambassador to the United Nations. Moynihan would go on to serve four terms in that office.

Later life and death

Abzug never held elected office again after leaving the House, although she remained a high-profile figure and was again a candidate on multiple occasions. She was unsuccessful in her bid to be mayor of New York City in 1977, as well as in attempts to return to the US House from the East Side of Manhattan in 1978 against Republican Bill Green, and from Westchester County, New York, in 1986 against Joe DioGuardi.

She authored two books, Bella: Ms. Abzug Goes to Washington and The Gender Gap, the latter co-authored with friend and colleague Mim Kelber.

In early 1977, President Jimmy Carter chose a new National Commission on the Observance of International Women's Year and appointed Abzug to head it. Numerous events were held over the next two years, culminating in the 1977 National Women's Conference in November. She would continue this work as one of the two co-chairpersons for the National Advisory Committee for Women until her dismissal in January 1979, which would create a flash point of tension between the Carter administration and feminist organizations in the United States.

Abzug founded and ran several women's advocacy organizations. She founded a grassroots organization called Women USA, and continued to lead feminist advocacy events, for example serving as grand marshal of the Women's Equality Day New York March on August 26, 1980.

In the last decade of her life, in the early 1990s, with Kelber, she co-founded the Women's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO), in their own words "a global women's advocacy organization working towards a just world that promotes and protects human rights, gender equality, and the integrity of the environment." In 1991, WEDO held the World Women's Congress for a Healthy Planet in Miami, where 1,500 women from 83 countries produced the Women's Action Agenda 21.

At the UN, Abzug developed the Women's Caucus, which analyzed documents, proposed gender-sensitive policies and language, and lobbied to advance the Women's Agenda for the 21st Century at the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, as well as women's issues at other events including the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995.

During her last years, Bella kept up her busy schedule of travel and work, even though she traveled in a wheelchair. Bella led WEDO until her death, giving her final public speech before the UN in March 1998.

After battling breast cancer for a number of years, she developed heart disease and died at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center on March 31, 1998, from complications following open heart surgery. She was 77. Abzug was interred at Old Mount Carmel Cemetery, Glendale, Queens County, New York.

Personal life
In 1944, Bella married Martin Abzug, a novelist and stockbroker. They met on a bus in Miami, Florida while heading to a Yehudi Menuhin concert, and they remained married until his death in 1986. They had two daughters.

Abzug was a cousin of Arlene Stringer-Cuevas and her son Scott Stringer, who were also involved in politics in New York City.

Abzug used to comment that if other male lawmakers were going to swim naked in the Congressional swimming pool as was the tradition, that that would be fine with her.

Honors and legacy

In 1991, Abzug received the "Maggie" Award, the highest honor of the Planned Parenthood Federation, in tribute to their founder, Margaret Sanger.

In 1994, Abzug was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls. The same year, she received a medal from the Veteran Feminists of America.

Abzug was honored on March 6, 1997, at the United Nations as a leading female environmentalist. She received the highest civilian recognition and honor at the U.N., the Blue Beret Peacekeepers Award.

In 2004, her daughter Liz Abzug, an adjunct Urban Studies Professor at Barnard College and a political consultant, founded the Bella Abzug Leadership Institute (BALI) to mentor and train high school and college women to become effective leaders in civic, political, corporate and community life. To commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of the first National Women's Conference held in Houston in 1977, over which Bella Abzug had presided, BALI hosted a National Women's Conference on the weekend of November 10–11, 2007, at Hunter College (NYC). Over 600 people from around the world attended. Besides celebrating the 1977 Conference, the 2007 agenda was to address significant women's issues for the 21st century.

In 2017, Time magazine named Abzug one of its 50 Women Who Made American Political History.

Various landmarks in New York City bear Abzug's name. On March 1, 2019, the recently built Hudson Yards Park was renamed Bella Abzug Park as a tribute to women's history month and its location in her former Congressional district. In New York City's Greenwich Village, a portion of Bank Street is named for Abzug.

In popular culture
She appeared in the WLIW video A Laugh, A Tear, A Mitzvah, as well as in Woody Allen's Manhattan (as herself), a 1977 episode of Saturday Night Live, and the documentary New York: A Documentary Film.

She appeared as herself in Manhattan (1979) at a real function that was shot by the film. In 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Abzug's name and picture.

Abzug appeared in Shirley MacLaine's autobiographical book Out on a Limb (1983). In the 1987 ABC Television mini-series of the same name, Abzug was played by Anne Jackson.

In 2019 Manhattan Theater Club, in New York City, produced Bella Bella, a one-character show written and performed by Harvey Fierstein. In the show, Fierstein portrayed Abzug and created dialogue "from the words of Bella Abzug."

In the 2020 FX limited series, Mrs. America, Margo Martindale portrays Abzug. The program examines the unsuccessful multi-year battle to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment. That same year, Bette Midler portrayed Abzug in the film The Glorias.

Abzug was featured in a segment in the 2007 documentary NY77: The Coolest Year in Hell, which explores in depth what life was like during the year 1977 in Manhattan. An excerpt from a press conference of Bella Abzug is used when discussing the differences in political views between Abzug and fellow mayoral candidate Ed Koch. Geraldo Rivera gave detailed commentary on Bella's personality and political style.

Jeff L. Lieberman produced the 2023 documentary Bella! about Abzug's life and political achievements. The film includes interviews with Barbra Streisand, Shirley MacLaine, Hillary Clinton, Lily Tomlin, Nancy Pelosi, Gloria Steinem, Maxine Waters, Phil Donahue, Marlo Thomas, Charles Rangel, David Dinkins, and Renée Taylor.

Selected bibliography

Books

Papers
  Link.

See also

 Women's Equality Day
 Women in the United States House of Representatives
 List of Jewish feminists
 List of Jewish members of the United States Congress

References

Further reading
 Levy, Alan H. (2013) The Political Life of Bella Abzug, 1920–1976: Political Passions, Women's Rights, and Congressional Battles (2013), excerpt and text search; coverage to 1976
 Levy, Alan H. The Political Life of Bella Abzug, 1976–1998: Electoral Failures and the Vagaries of Identity Politics (Lexington Books, 2013)
 Mahler, Jonathan (2005). Ladies and gentlemen, the Bronx is burning: 1977, baseball, politics, and the battle for the soul of a city. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. .

External links

 Bella!, 2020 Documentary Feature Film
 About Bella Abzug (on the website of the Bella Abzug Leadership Institute)
 Blanche Wiesen Cook, an entry about Bella Abzug from the Jewish Women's Archive

 FBI file on Bella S. Abzug at the Internet Archive
 Bella Abzug at the National Women's Hall of Fame

|-

1920 births
1998 deaths
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American women politicians
American feminists
American pacifists
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American abortion-rights activists
American women's rights activists
American Zionists
Burials in New York (state)
Columbia Law School alumni
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
Female members of the United States House of Representatives
Hunter College alumni
Jewish members of the United States House of Representatives
Jewish women politicians
Jewish Theological Seminary of America people
Lawyers from New York City
American LGBT rights activists
Politicians from the Upper East Side
Politicians from the Bronx
Women in New York (state) politics
Writers from Manhattan
Jewish American people in New York (state) politics
20th-century American women lawyers
Orthodox Jewish feminists
20th-century American Jews
Equal Rights Amendment activists
Candidates in the 1976 United States elections

Bella Abzug


Las Torres (también denominada Las Torres de Tájara) es una localidad y pedanía española perteneciente al municipio de Huétor-Tájar, en la provincia de Granada, comunidad autónoma de Andalucía. Está situada en la parte suroriental de la comarca de Loja. Su hábitat es de carácter disperso y está compuesto por una serie de caseríos o cortijadas, entre las que destaca por su importancia e historia la Casería de Las Torres, que da nombre al lugar, pago agrícola y localidad.

Bosquejo geográfico

Las Torres se localizan en el borde sur de la Depresión de Granada, dentro de los Sistemas Béticos, en la zona límite de la llanura aluvial del Genil (Cuaternario), con los materiales de relleno más antiguos del plioceno (Terciario). El relieve resultante de los materiales detríticos, principalmente conglomerados y arenas, es un relieve alomado de suaves pendientes muy apto para la agricultura cerealística de secano. Su localización es estratégica, ya que se encuentra en una zona alta, dominando la confluencia del río Cacín con el río Genil, una de las zonas naturales más importantes de penetración desde la costa mediterránea hacia la depresión  de Granada.

Historia

La localización privilegiada de este lugar, ha provocado una temprana ocupación, si bien las fuentes arqueológicas datan la población de la zona en el , otras terrazas del Genil presentan ocupación desde el paleolítico.

Actualidad

En el año 2013, la localidad de Las Torres está poblada por 41 habitantes, en un hábitat disperso compuesto por una serie de cortijadas, desde donde se desempeñan las labores agrícolas. No obstante, en los últimos años ha aumentando el número de casas destinadas a la segunda vivienda.

Patrimonio natural e histórico

Desde el punto de vista del patrimonio natural, en general toda la vega de Huétor-Tájar está protegida por el Plan Especial de Protección del Medio Físico de la Provincia de Granada con la denominación de Vega de Loja, Huétor-Tájar y Láchar y el código AG-14. en particular el pago de Las Torres está regado por el canal del Cacín y por el Caz de la Emperatriz Eugenia.

En Las Torres existen algunos elementos arquitectónicos de interés como puede ser el molino de la Tajarilla, ya mencionado en los Libros de repartimientos de Loja, donde todavía es posible observar la antigua maquinaria de molienda movida por el agua que era conducida por el canal hasta los cubos y cuya fuerza motriz hacía girar los rodeznos. El elemento de mayor interés histórico son los restos de la Fortaleza de Tájara, de los que apenas se conservan algunos lienzos de muralla utilizados como cimientos para alguno de los caseríos. Estos restos están protegidos como Bien de Interés Cultural.

Referencias

Localidades de la provincia de Granada
Pedanías de la provincia de Granada
Comarca de Loja
Huétor-Tájar

Las Torres (Granada)


An Cyrtochilum sanderianum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Robert Allen Rolfe, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Willibald Königer. An Cyrtochilum sanderianum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyrtochilum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Peru. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Cyrtochilum

Cyrtochilum sanderianum


Kosmos 2473, ruski vojni komunikacijski satelit iz programa Kosmos. Vrste je Garpun (br. 11).

Lansiran je 21. rujna 2011. godine u 22:47 UT s kozmodroma Bajkonura (Tjuratama) s mjesta 81/24. Lansiran je u geostacionarnu orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Protonom-M-Briz-M. Orbita je 35778 km u perigeju i 35793 km u apogeju. Orbitne inklinacije je 0,10°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 37806. COSPARova oznaka je 2011-048-A. Zemlju obilazi u 1436,06 minuta. Mase je 1400 kg.

Služi kao vojni relej. Za napajanje je opremljen razmjestivim solarnim panelima i baterijama.

Razgonski blok Briz-M br. 88529 ostao je u geostacionarnoj orbiti, a torusni spremnik Briz-M DTB u geostacionarnoj transfernoj orbiti oko Zemlje.

Izvori
А.Железняков. Энциклопедия "Космонавтика". Хроника освоения космоса. (rus.)
Heavens-above (engl.)
NASA (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)
N2YO Satellite Database - Tehnical Details - Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions (engl.)
Gunter's Space Page Garpun (14F136) (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database (engl.)
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)
Kunstman  Satellites in Orbit (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 2473


Svensk handbollselit (tidligere Allsvenskan og Elitserien) er den øverste håndboldrække i svensk håndbold hos kvinder. Ligaen består af 12 hold, der således spiller et grundspil på 22 kampe efterfulgt af et slutspil.

Klubber i sæsonen 2016/17
 H 65 Höör
 Skövde HF
 Boden Handboll IF
 Skuru IK
 IF Hellton
 VästeråsIrsta HF
 Kristianstad HK
 Team Eslövs IK
 Lugi HF
 Skara HF
 BK Heid
 IK Sävehof

Eksterne henvisninger
 Officiel hjemmeside

Handbollselit
Handbollselit

Svensk handbollselit


Django – Unerbittlich bis zum Tod (Originaltitel: Il mio nome è Mallory… "M" come morte) ist ein 1971 entstandener Italowestern, den Mario Moroni inszenierte. Im deutschsprachigen Raum wurde der meist sehr negativ besprochene Film auf Video erstaufgeführt.

Handlung
Mallory, ein 'Halbblut', und der ehemalige Yankee-Colonel Hasper sind Geschäftspartner und erwerben die große Jefferson-Farm. Nach Abschluss des Vertrages wird Jefferson ermordet und die bezahlte Summe gestohlen; die Täter Bart Ambler und Block Stone sind anschließend auch hinter Mallory und Hasper her, um sich in den Besitz der Farm zu bringen. Der mit Amblers jüngerer Schwester Cora verbandelte Mallory wird vor einem Überfall von Amblers Leuten gewarnt. Bei einem Aufeinandertreffen der beiden Seiten wird Hasper getötet und Mallory schwer verwundet. Cora pflegt ihn hingebungsvoll wieder gesund. Immer noch zögert Mallory, den Bruder seiner Geliebten umzubringen; ein Streit zwischen Ambler und Block, in dessen Folge beide sterben, entbindet ihn von diesem Problem.

Kritik
Verrisse überall: Das Lexikon des internationalen Films sah in dem "dilettantischen" Film "in jeder Hinsicht eine Zumutung".; "Der Film geht völlig mausgrau entlang den üblichen Standards des Genres", befanden Segnalazioni Cinematografiche. Christian Keßler bemerkt vor allem die deutsche Synchronisation: "Der Film war, vor seiner Annektierung für den deutschen Markt, einfach nur sehr schlecht. (…) Daß aus diesem unbedeutenden Film des Tanio Boccia-Schülers Mario Moroni doch noch ein denkwürdiges Erlebnis geworden ist, geht voll und ganz auf das Konto der Synchronisation, die mir absolut unerklärlich ist! (…) Die Diktion als unnatürlich zu bezeichnen, wäre ein Understatement, das über meine Kräfte ginge. Die Sätze werden hilflos mitgerissen vom linguistischen Strom…"

Weblinks

 Der Film bei comingsoon

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 1971
Italienischer Film
Italowestern

Django – Unerbittlich bis zum Tod


O lună albastră este o lună plină "suplimentară" care se produce când un an are 13 luni pline în loc de 12 într-un an normal. Adjectivul "albastru" nu are nimic de-a face cu culoarea reală a lunii, deși o "lună albastră" (luna care apare cu o tentă de albastru) poate apărea în anumite condiții atmosferice: de exemplu, dacă erupțiile vulcanice sau incendiile lasă în atmosferă particule de dimensiunea potrivită pentru a reflecta lumina roșie, astfel încât lumina Lunii să apară albastră sau verde.

Etimologie
Termenul de "lună albastră" este o calchiere a expresiei englezești "blue moon". Originea acestei expresii nu este cunoscută. Cea mai timpurie folosire a fost găsită într-un pamflet din 1528 care atacă violent clerul britanic și se intitulează Rede Me and Be Not Wrothe: If they say the moon is blue / We must believe that it is true.

În limba engleză, termenul se regăsește în expresia once in a blue moon care este folosită cu sensul de "foarte rar".

Frecvență
Durata între două luni pline consecutive este de 29,5 zile. De aceea, într-un an sunt, de obicei, 12 luni pline, aproximativ unul pe lună, dar un an calendaristic are aproximativ 11 zile mai mult decât un ciclu lunar de 12 luni lunare. Aceste zile suplimentare se acumulează și o lună plină suplimentară are loc la fiecare doi sau trei ani (de 7 ori în ciclul metonic de 19 ani).

Două luni pline într-o lună (din care a doua este o "lună albastră" în perioada 2009-2021:
 2009: 2 și 31 decembrie (eclipsă parțială de lună), numai în zonele UTC+05
 2010: 1 ianuarie (eclipsă parțială de lună) și 30, numai în zonele UTC+04:30.
 2010: 1 și 30 martie, numai în zonele UTC+07.
 2012: 2 și 31 august, numai în zonele UTC+10.
 2012: 1 și 30 septembrie, numai în zonele UTC+10:30.
 2015: 2 și 31 iulie.
 2018: 2 și 31 ianuarie, numai în zonele UTC+11.
 2018: 2 și 31 martie, numai în zonele UTC+12.
 2020: 1 și 31 octombrie, numai în zonele UTC+10.

Note

Calendare
Mituri despre Lună

Lună albastră


සිීක්‍රට් සෙවන්  යනු ඉනිඩ් බ්ලයිට්න් මහත්මිය විසින් 1949-1963 අතර කාලයේ ප්‍රබන්ධ කළ කතා මාලාවකි. මෙයින් නිරූපණය වන්නේ මිතුරන් හත්දෙනකු විසින් පිහිටුවාගත් රහස් පරික්ෂක සමාජයක කතාවයි. ඔවුන් අතර රහස් වචනයක් හා ''S.S.''ලෙස බැජ් එකක්ද ඇත. නමුත් ජැක්ගේ නැගණිය වන සුසී හා ඇයගේ මිතුරිය බින්කි විසින් ඔවුන් ගේ රහස් පරික්ෂණ කඩාකප්පල් කිරීමට හා රහස් වචනය දැන ගැනීමට උත්සහ කරයි.
ඉනිිඩ් බ්ලයිට්න්

1. The secret seven (1949)

2. secret seven adventure (1950)

3. well done secret seven (1951)

4. secret seven on the trail (1952)

5. go ahead secret seven (1953)

6. good work secret seven (1954)

7. secret seven win through (1955)

8. three cheers secret seven (1956)

9. secret seven mystery (1957)

10. puzzle for the secret seven (1958)

11. secret seven fireworks (1959)

12. good old secret seven (1960)

13. shock for the secret seven (1961)

14. look out secret seven (1962)

15. fun for the secret seven (1963)

දිගුව (එවෙලින් ලැලනන්ඩ්)

1. Les sept à la chasse au lion (1976)

2. Les sept font du cinéma (1977)

3. Les sept et le magicien (1977)

4. Les sept sont dans de beaux draps (1978)

5. Les sept et les bulldozers (1978)

6. Les sept et la déesse d'or (1979)

7. Les sept et les soucoupes volantes (1979)

8. Les sept à 200 à l'heure (1980)

9. Les sept ne croient pas au père noël

(1981) 10. Les sept saluent Lucky Star (1982)

11. Les sept et la boule de cristal (1984)

දිගුව  (පැමලා බචර්ට්)

1. Mystery at the skull (2018)

2. Mystery of the theatre ghost (2019)

කෙටිකතා

1. At seaside cottage (1947)

2. Secret at the old mill (1948)

3. The humbug adventure (1954)

4. adventure on the way home (1955)

5. an afternoon with the secret seven (1956)

6. where are the secret seven (1956)

7. Hurry! Secret seven, hurry! (1957)

සිීක්‍රට් සෙවන්


Isaac Reed ( - ) est un éditeur shakespearien anglais.

Biographie
Fils de boulanger, il est né à Londres. Il est stagiaire auprès d'un avocat et s'installe finalement comme agent de transfert à Staple Inn, où il a une grande pratique.

Son œuvre majeure est la Biographia dramata (2 vol., 1782), un ensemble de biographies de dramaturges et un dictionnaire descriptif de leurs pièces. Ce livre, qui est un agrandissement du Companion to the Playhouse de David Erskine Baker (2 vol., 1764), est réédité (3 vol.) par Stephen Jones en 1811. L'œuvre originale de Baker est basée sur le récit de Gerard Langbaine sur les poètes dramatiques anglais (1691), le registre poétique de  (1719), la liste de tous les auteurs dramatiques de Thomas Whincop (imprimée avec sa tragédie de Scanderbeg, 1747) et les manuscrits de Thomas Coxeter. Notitia dramata de Reed (Addit. MSS. 25390–2, British Museum), complémentaire à la Biographia, n'a jamais été publiée.

Il révise également la Collection of Old Plays de Robert Dodsley (12 vol., 1780); et réédite l'édition de Samuel Johnson et George Steevens (1773) de Shakespeare. L'édition de Reed est publiée en dix volumes (1785), et il apporte une grande aide à Steevens dans son édition (1793). Il est l'exécuteur testamentaire littéraire de Steevens et, en 1803, publie une autre édition (21 vol.) Basée sur les collections ultérieures de Steevens. Celui-ci, connait sous le nom de premier variorum, est réédité dix ans plus tard .

Reed dirige le magazine européen en tant que propriétaire et éditeur, à partir de 1782 pour la durée de sa vie . Après sa mort, sa bibliothèque de littérature théâtrale est cataloguée à la vente sous le nom de Bibliotheca Reediana (1807).

En 2016, il est annoncé qu'un Shakespeare First Folio a été découvert dans la bibliothèque de  . Le livre est identifié comme une copie de travail appartenant autrefois à Reed, qui l'a acheté en 1786 .

Références

Bibliographie

 John Nichols Literary Anecdotes of the 18th Century (vol. II., 1812);
 Edward Dowden, Essais modernes et élisabéthains.

Liens externes

Décès en janvier 1807
Naissance en janvier 1742
Éditeur britannique

Isaac Reed


El-Jaish Sports Club () er en sportsklub i Qatar i Al-Duhail kvarteret i byen Doha. Klubben har afdelinger for fodbold, håndbold, basketball, volleyball, futsal og atletik. Fodboldholdet spiller i Qatar Stars League og har vundet ligaen fem gange. Håndboldholdet er blevet nr. tre i den nationale liga to gange.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Hjemmeside

Sportsklubber
Etableret i 2007
Qatar

El Jaish SC


Dodecahedron je nizozemski avangardni black metal-sastav iz Tilburga.

Povijest sastava

Sastav je 2006. godine pod imenom Order of the Source Below osnovao gitarist Michel Nienhuis, a iduće godine mu se pridružuje klavijaturist Joris Bonis. Godine 2010. objavljuju digitalno dva singla, "Allfather" i "Vanitas", nakon čega potpisuju za izdavačku kuću Season of Mist te mijenjaju ime u Dodecahedron, u prijevodu dodekaedar, koji Platon u svom dijalogu Timej povezuje s petim elementom. Svoj prvi studijski album, Dodecahedron, objavljuju u siječnju 2012. godine. U ljeto 2015. započinju snimanje svog drugog studijskog albuma koji je objavljen u ožujku 2017. godine pod imenom Kwintessens.

Članovi sastava
Trenutačna postava
Ype Terwisscha van Scheltinga	- bas-gitara
Jasper Barendregt - bubnjevi
Joris Bonis - gitara, elektronički instrumenti
Michel Nienhuis - gitara
Michiel Eikenaar - vokal

Bivši članovi
Dave van Beek - bas-gitara

Diskografija
Studijski albumi
Dodecahedron (2012.)
Kwintessens (2017.)

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Službena stranica

Nizozemski sastavi heavy metala
Sastavi black metala
Sastavi avangardnog metala

Dodecahedron


Dame Jane Elizabeth Harding (née en 1955) est une universitaire et néonatalogue néo-zélandaise, spécialiste des cas intensifs. Elle a reçu la médaille Rutherford en 2019.

Éducation et carrière
Harding a étudié à l'université d'Auckland, où elle a obtenu son diplôme en 1978, et en 1982 a obtenu un doctorat en physiologie fœtale de l'université d'Oxford. Elle est retournée en Nouvelle-Zélande pour suivre une formation en pédiatrie, puis a effectué un stage postdoctoral à l'université de Californie à San Francisco. Par la suite, elle a travaillé à la faculté de médecine de l'université d'Auckland à partir de 1989, devenant professeur de néonatologie en 1997. Elle est directrice adjointe du Liggins Institute de l'université d'Auckland.

Harding est membre de l'organisation caritative néo-zélandaise Global Women .

Honneurs et récompenses
Harding a été élue membre de la Société royale de Nouvelle-Zélande en 2001 ; elle est également fellow du . En 2002, lors de l', elle a été nommée officier de l'ordre du Mérite de Nouvelle-Zélande, pour services rendus à la pédiatrie. Elle a reçu la médaille Beaven du  en 2016. En 2017, Harding a été sélectionnée comme l'une des «  » de la Société royale de Nouvelle-Zélande, célébrant les contributions des femmes au savoir en Nouvelle-Zélande.

En 2019, Harding a reçu la médaille Rutherford, la plus haute distinction scientifique de Nouvelle-Zélande, de la Société royale de Nouvelle-Zélande. Toujours en 2019, Harding a reçu le Supreme Award aux  ainsi que le .

Lors des , Harding a été promue dame compagnon de l'ordre du Mérite de Nouvelle-Zélande, pour ses services en néonatalogie et périnatologie.

Références

Liens externes

 Jane Harding on the History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group website

Néonatalogue
Pédiatre néo-zélandais
Étudiant de l'université de Californie à San Francisco
Étudiant de l'université d'Oxford
Étudiant de l'université d'Auckland
Lauréat de la médaille Rutherford
Dame compagnon de l'ordre du Mérite de Nouvelle-Zélande
Naissance en 1955

Jane Harding


Don Petar Kaer (1848. – 1919.), hrvatski prosvjetar, umjetnik, znanstvenik, arheolog, rimokatolički svećenik, skupljač i zapisivatelj narodnog blaga iz Makarske.

Životopis
Rođen 1848. godine u umjetničkoj obitelji. Otac mu je bio slikar. Jedan od svećenika koji je bio također i vrsni umjetnik i glazbenik. U Zagvozdu je službovao od 1877. do 1882. godine. U Zagvozdu je također bio učitelj u pučkoj školi, znanstveno je proučavao i prosvjetljivao ljude. Bavio se arheološkim istraživanjima, skupljao je i zapisivao narodno blago. Njegova kuća u Zagvozdu bila je gospodski uređena i opremljena velebogatom knjižnicom. Svirao je flautu. Napisao je više knjiga iz različitih područja.

Izvori

Životopisi, Makarska
Zagvozd
Hrvatski katolički svećenici
Skupljači narodnog blaga
Odgoj i obrazovanje u Hrvatskoj
Hrvatski arheolozi

Petar Kaer


مصطفى بن جعفر (8 ديسمبر 1940 -) ولد في حي باب سويقة بتونس العاصمة. سياسي تونسي وأمين عام حزب التكتل، ورئيس المجلس الوطني التأسيسي منذ 22 نوفمبر 2011.و مترشح للانتخابات الرئاسية التونسية 2014.

الدراسة
عاش يتيما في عائلة تتركب من خمسة أطفال. ولم يمنعه ذلك من اللحاق بالمدرسة الصادقية فيما بين 1950 و1956. ثم واصل دراسته العليا بفرنسا في الطب، وتخصص في الأشعة، وقد انتمى خلال فترة دراسته إلى الاتحاد العام لطلبة تونس. عاد إلى تونس سنة 1975. ليدرّس بكلية الطب بتونس كما تولى خطة رئيس قسم الأشعة بمستشفى صالح عزيز (1975-1980)

السياسة
سياسيا، انتمى منذ نهاية الخمسينات إلى الحزب الحر الدستوري الجديد، ولكنه خرج عنه في السبعينات مع المجموعة التي ستعلن سنة 1978 عن حركة الديمقراطيين الاشتراكيين، والتي كان هو نفسه أحد مؤسسيها. وقد ساهم في تلك الفترة في إصدار جريدة الرأي (1977) وفي الرابطة التونسية للدفاع عن حقوق الإنسان (1978)، وقد تولى فيما بين 1986 و 1994 خطة نائب رئيس لها. كما كان من مؤسسي نقابة أطباء المستشفيات الجامعية سنة 1977.

زعيم حزب
إثر المنعرج الذي سلكته حركة الديمقراطيين الاشتراكيين برئاسة محمد مواعدة سنة 1991، أعلن عن معارضته للتوجه الجديد، فرفت من الحركة سنة 1992. فأسس سنة 1994 التكتل الديمقراطي من أجل العمل والحريات، كما ساهم سنة 1996 في تأسيس المجلس الوطني للحريات بتونس. قدم ترشحه للانتخابات الرئاسية عام 2009 إلا أن المجلس الدستوري لم يقبله بداعي أنه غير منتخب كأمين عام لحزبه. بعد الثورة التونسية رفض المشاركة في حكومة محمد الغنوشي التي اقترحت عليه حقيبة الصحة العمومية.

انتخب رئيساً للمجلس الوطني التأسيسي في 22 نوفمبر 2011 بأغلبية 145 صوتاً مقابل 68 صوتاً لمنافسته مايا جريبي زعيمة الحزب الديمقراطي التقدمي اليساري.

وصلات خارجية
مقال صادر بمجلة جون أفريك بتاريخ 12 جانفي 2003:

Mustapha Ben Jaafar, un intransigeant modéré

المراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من مدينة تونس
أطباء تونسيون
أعضاء المجلس الوطني التأسيسي
خريجو المدرسة الصادقية
سياسيو التكتل الديمقراطي من أجل العمل والحريات
سياسيو الحزب الاشتراكي الدستوري
سياسيو الحزب الحر الدستوري الجديد
سياسيو حركة الديمقراطيين الاشتراكيين
مرشحون للانتخابات الرئاسية التونسية 2014
مسلمون سنة تونسيون
مواليد 1359 هـ
مواليد 1940
مواليد في مدينة تونس
ناشطون تونسيون
نشطاء حقوق إنسان تونسيون
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة تونس
وزراء تونسيون
وزراء صحة تونسيون
أخصائيو أشعة تونسيون

مصطفى بن جعفر


John C. Marshall (* 17. April 1941 in London; † 2. September 2012 in Düsseldorf, Deutschland) war ein britischer Gitarrist, Sänger und Songwriter in den Stilrichtungen Jazz und Blues.

Leben und Wirken
John C. Marshall stammte aus einer Musikerfamilie; sein Großvater war Musiklehrer für Gitarre, Banjo und Harfe, sein Vater spielte Banjo, Gitarre und Klavier. Die Familie veranstaltete wöchentlich Musikabende, in die der Junge schon sehr früh eingebunden wurde. Als Jugendlicher spielte er als Gitarrist in diversen Bands in den Pubs des Londoner Nordens.

Mitte der 1960er Jahre verließ Marshall England, um nach Paris zu gehen. Dort traf er auf den amerikanischen Schlagzeuger Alvin Sykes, einem Neffen von Cab Calloway, mit dessen Band er einige Jahre durch ganz Europa tourte. Es folgten zahlreiche Auftritte für die amerikanischen Special Services (Entertainment) als Begleitgitarrist für viele US-amerikanische Künstler, die zur Unterhaltung der Truppen auftraten. Unter anderem für Big Mama Thornton, Ben E. King und Brook Benton.

1972 ließ er sich für einige Jahre in Amsterdam nieder, um dort an der sehr aktiven Jazzszene teilzunehmen. Hier spielte er unter anderen mit Rosa King, Hans Dulfer, Slide Hampton, Chet Baker und Dave Kamien. Immer wieder trat er in dieser Zeit als Begleitgitarrist für amerikanische Künstler auf, die in Europa auf Tournee gingen – unter anderem Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin und Gene "Mighty Flea" Conners.

Dem deutschen Fernsehpublikum wurde er 1979 als Stammgitarrist in der WDR-Serie "Let's Swing" bekannt – unter der musikalischen Leitung von Dave Kamien. 1981 wurde Marshall eines der Gründungsmitglieder des Olympic Rock & Blues Circus – zusammen mit Chris Farlowe, Pete York, Colin Hodgkinson und Brian Auger, der kurze Zeit später durch Jon Lord ersetzt wurde. 1982 gründete er mit dem Keyboarder Chris Lazenby die Band "Step'In Out". Das Debütalbum Another Happy Customer wurde von der Presse hoch gelobt und war ein respektabler Verkaufserfolg. 2010 wurde es wieder neu veröffentlicht und findet in Japan großen Zuspruch.

Mitte der 1980er Jahre gründete er die John Marshall Band, auch bekannt als JMB, die auf dem North Sea Jazz Festival auftrat und auch heute noch als John C. Marshall Band in verschiedenen Besetzungen zu sehen ist. 1993 bis 1995 war er Solist der RTL Big Band, für die er auch arrangierte und mit der er das Album "R&B Party" aufnahm. Ebenfalls in diese Zeit fällt die Arbeit mit der niederländischen Acid-Jazz-Band Advanced Warning – zusammen mit dem Keyboarder Herbert Noord, dem Saxofonisten Rinus Groeneveld und dem Focus-Schlagzeuger Pierre van der Linden.

Ab 2000 wirkte er bei verschiedenen Blues- und Jazzprojekten mit, u. a. mit Pia Fridhill, A. G. Weinberger, Gregory Gaynair, Men At Jazz und als musikalischer Leiter der Big Band Friends aus Düsseldorf. Marshall lebte bis zu seinem Tod in Düsseldorf und war in diversen Jazzformationen aktiv. Er verstarb nach einem Herzinfarkt am 2. September 2012.

Diskografie
 Step'in Out – Another Happy Customer (1983/2010)
 John Marshall Band – Compared to What! (1988)
 John Marshall Band – Handmade (1990)
 Black Jack – mit Bobby "Bro" Gaynair
 John Marshall Band – Same Old Story (1993)
 John C. Marshall & RTL Big Band – R&B Party (1994)
 The Chant – mit Steve Galloway, Ron Wilson, Doug Sides, Bert Thompson (1995)
 John C. Marshall Band & Pia Fridhill – Blues Business (2000)
 John C. Marshall Band – Live at the CPM (2009)

Kollaborationen
 Pete Lancaster & The Upsetters - Rhythm & Blues Show (1967)
 Let's Swing – Jazz zum Mitmachen (1979)
 Olympic Rock & Blues Circus (1981)
 Gene Mighty Flea Conners – Santified (1981)
 Rolf Lebeda – Boogie (1982)
 Gene Mighty Flea Conners Sings and Plays R&B (1984)
 Advanced Warning – Watch Out for the Jazz Police (1993)
 Advanced Warning – Cut the Crap (1995)
 Men at Jazz – Laid Back (2001)

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 John C. Marshalls Webpräsenz
 Porträt bei Bluessource

Jazz-Gitarrist
R&B-Gitarrist
Musiker (Düsseldorf)
Brite
Geboren 1941
Gestorben 2012
Mann

John C. Marshall


Hrvatski savez slijepih je hrvatska nacionalna udruga čija je misija je promicanjem i provedbom antidiskriminacije, jednakih mogućnosti i univerzalnog dizajna pridonijeti afirmaciji slijepih osoba u Republici Hrvatskoj. Vizija Hrvatskog saveza slijepih je društvo u kojemu će se poštovati dostojanstvo svake osobe, njegovati međusobno uvažavanje i solidarnost, i u kojemu biti slijep neće značiti "manje vrijedan", već "različit". Unutar Saveza djeluje 27 lokalnih, županijskih, odnosno gradskih udruga slijepih koje svojim područjem djelovanja pokrivaju cjelokupni teritorij Republike Hrvatske, a u koje se slijepi građani neposredno učlanjuju. Hrvatski savez slijepih član je Europske unije slijepih (EBU) i Svjetske unije slijepih (WBU). Radi simbolične zahvale najzaslužnijim donatorima, volonterima i drugim suradnicima u ostvarenju svoje misije, Hrvatski savez slijepih je ustanovio "Nagradu 16. lipanj" i "Zahvalnicu" koje dodjeljuje Izvršni odbor prema kriterijima iz Pravilnika o dodjeli priznanja.

Izvori

Hrvatske udruge
Invaliditet u Hrvatskoj

Hrvatski savez slijepih


Tumnus is a faun in the  Narnia books written by C. S. Lewis, primarily in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe but also briefly in The Horse and His Boy and in The Last Battle. He is the first creature Lucy Pevensie meets in Narnia and becomes her first friend in the kingdom. Lewis wrote that the first Narnia story, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, all came to him from a single picture he had in his head of a faun carrying an umbrella and parcels through a snowy wood. Tumnus thus became the initial inspiration for the entire Narnia series.

Description
Lewis describes Tumnus as having reddish skin, curly hair, brown eyes, a short pointed beard, horns on his forehead, cloven hooves, goat legs with glossy black hair, a "strange but pleasant little face," a long tail, and being "only a little taller than Lucy herself."

Tumnus first appears when Lucy arrives in Narnia at the lamp post. He invites her back to his cave for tea, during which, they talk about Narnia, including its glorious past which gave way to endless winter. Tumnus plays an evocative tune on his flute, but when Lucy says that she has to go, he bursts into tears. He confesses that he is in the pay of the White Witch (Jadis), who rules Narnia and has made it always winter but never Christmas. She had ordered him and the other Narnians to hand over any Sons of Adam or Daughters of Eve - humans - should they ever encounter any in Narnia. Tumnus, despite fearing that the Witch will find out and is likely to punish him severely if he disobeys her orders, quickly realises that he cannot bring himself to give up Lucy to the Witch, so he guides her back to the lamp-post to see that she returns safely to her own world.

When Lucy returns to Narnia a few days later, Tumnus is still safe: evidently the White Witch has not discovered his disobedience. However, Lucy's brother Edmund has also entered Narnia and mentions to the White Witch that his sister had visited Narnia before and met a faun - even though he does not name the faun as Tumnus.

When Lucy and her siblings subsequently come to Narnia some time afterwards, they find that Tumnus has been arrested by Maugrim, Chief of the White Witch's secret police, and is awaiting trial on a charge of high treason which involves harbouring spies and fraternizing with humans. Tumnus had spoken to Mr Beaver of his fears not long before his arrest and asked him to guide the four children if he found them in Narnia. The children meet Mr Beaver just after leaving Tumnus's ransacked cave.

Later in the story, when the winter has come to an end and Aslan is preparing an army to take on the White Witch, Lucy and Susan find Tumnus petrified as a statue in the Witch's castle, and he is restored by Aslan. He follows the other Narnians to the battle as the Witch is defeated and killed.

Years later, he is the one who tells the Kings and Queens that the White Stag has been spotted near his home. Their hunt for it leads to their disappearance from Narnia and the end of the Golden Age.

In The Horse and His Boy, Tumnus appears as a royal adviser to the four Pevensie monarchs (fourteen years later, according to Lewis's Narnian Timeline). He devises a plan for escaping from Calormen, thereby saving Queen Susan from being forcibly married to Prince Rabadash, and the other Narnians, including her brother Edmund, from certain death trying to defend her.

He and Lucy eventually meet again in Aslan's Country in The Last Battle.

Portrayals
He appeared in the 1967 TV serial and was portrayed by Angus Lennie.
In the 1979 animated film, Mr. Tumnus is voiced by Leslie Phillips (UK version) and Victor Spinetti (US version)
He originally appeared in the 1988 BBC miniseries of The Chronicles of Narnia played by actor Jeffrey Perry.
Tumnus appears in the 2005 film The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Tumnus has light skin, blue eyes, brown legs, and a stubbly little tail. In this film, he is the character that crowns the four Pevensie children at Cair Paravel. He was portrayed by actor James McAvoy.
He is voiced by Philip Sherlock in the Focus on the Family Radio Theatre adaptations, and by Norman Bird in the BBC Radio 4 adaptations.

See also

Pan (mythology)
Puck (mythology)
Satyr
Vertumnus

References

 Lewis, C. S. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. 1950.
 Lewis, C. S. The Horse and His Boy. 1954.

The Chronicles of Narnia characters
Literary characters introduced in 1950
Male characters in literature
Male characters in film
Fictional fauns

it:Personaggi minori del II volume delle Cronache di Narnia#Signor Tumnus

Mr. Tumnus


Eustracije Nicejski (grč. Εὐστράτιος; o. 1050./1060. – o. 1120.) bio je metropolit Niceje te učenik Ivana Itala, koji je smatran heretikom.

Nekoliko godina nakon suđenja Italu, Eustracije je pisao o uporabi ikona te je njegov tekst bio protivan učenju biskupa Leona od Halkedona, koji je bio optužio cara Aleksija I. Komnena u svom djelu, nazvavši ga bogohulnikom i ikonoklastom. Aleksije je postao Eustracijev prijatelj te je Aleksijeva kći Ana Komnena napisala da je taj metropolit bio vrlo mudar. Ipak, godine 1117., Eustracije — koji je pisao komentare na Aristotelova djela — optužen je za herezu.

Izvori i bilješke

Aleksije I. Komnen

Eustracije Nicejski


Desen pentru o pasăre este un film românesc din 1971 regizat de Letiția Popa.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1971 în film

Filme din 1971
Filme regizate de Letiția Popa
Filme românești
Filme în limba română

Desen pentru o pasăre


අප ශ්‍රි ලංකාවේ දැනට ක්‍රියාත්මක වන අතිගරු ජනාධිපතිතුමාග් විශ්ව දැනුම ගමට යන සංකල්පය යටතේ  හා තොරතුරැ සාක්ෂරතාව දියුණු කිරිමේ අරමුනින් ණැනසල මධ්‍යස්ථාන ව්‍යාප්ත වැඩසටහන්  යටතේ 2012 -10-30 වන දින කුරුවිට නගරයේ දි අප ණැනසල විවෘත විය

දැනට ක්‍රියාත්මක වැඩසටහන්-පරිගණක කාර්යාල පුහුණුව
                    පරිගණක දෘඩාංග පුහුණුව
                    පදනම් පාඨමාලාව

නැණසල කුරුවිට


Esta é uma lista de viagens presidenciais de Ernesto Geisel, o 29º Presidente do Brasil, empossado em 15 de março de 1974. Nesta lista constam as viagens de caráter diplomático realizadas por Geisel desde a sua posse até o fim do mandato, em 15 de março de 1979.

Geisel fez 10 viagens ao exterior para 9 países.

Resumo

Abaixo, a quantidade de visitas do presidente Geisel para cada país.

 uma visita:
Alemanha Ocidental, Bolívia, França, Japão, México, Paraguai, Peru e Reino Unido

 duas visitas:
Uruguai

Viagens internacionais

Segue abaixo, a lista das viagens internacionais feitas pelo presidente Geisel.

Ver também
 Lista de viagens presidenciais de João Figueiredo

Referências

Presidência do Brasil
Geisel, Ernesto

Lista de viagens presidenciais de Ernesto Geisel


Dracaena ehrenbergii (Sansevieria ehrenbergii) es una especie de Dracaena (Sansevieria) perteneciente a la familia de las asparagáceas, originaria de  África oriental en Somalia.

Ahora se la ha incluido en el gen de Dracaena debido a los estudios moleculares de su filogenia.

Descripción
Es una planta herbácea con tallo aéreo que alzanza un tamaño de 25 cm de alto. Las hojas en número de 5-9, en dos filas, miden 75-180 x 2,5-4 cm, comprimidas lateralmente con los lados aplanados, redondeadas en la parte posterior, con un canal triangular a lo largo desde arriba y con 5-12 surcos poco profundos, hacia arriba, disminuye hasta la punta de espina, es de color verde oscuro con líneas longitudinales negro-verdosas, los márgenes de agudos, de color marrón rojizo con bordes en blanco membranosos. La inflorescencia es una panícula de 2 m de altura, muy ramificada, con 4-7 flores en un clúster.

Taxonomía
Sansevieria ehrenbergii fue descrita por Schweinf. ex Baker y publicado en Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 14: 549, en el año 1875.
Etimología
Sansevieria nombre genérico que debería ser "Sanseverinia" puesto que su descubridor, Vincenzo Petanga, de Nápoles, pretendía dárselo en conmemoración a Pietro Antonio Sanseverino, duque de Chiaromonte y fundador de un jardín de plantas exóticas en el sur de Italia. Sin embargo, el botánico sueco Thunberg que fue quien lo describió, lo denominó Sansevieria, en honor del militar, inventor y erudito napolitano Raimondo di Sangro (1710-1771), séptimo príncipe de Sansevero.

ehrenbergii: epíteto otorgado en honor del botánico alemán Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg.
Sinonimia
Acyntha ehrenbergii (Schweinf. ex Baker) Kuntze
Acyntha rorida (N.E.Br.) Chiov.
Dracaena hanningtonii Baker
Pleomele hanningtonii (Baker) N.E.Br.
Sanseverinia rorida Lanza
Sansevieria rorida (Lanza) N.E.Br.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

ehrenbergii
Flora de África tropical del nordeste
Flora de África continental
Plantas descritas en 1875
Plantas descritas por Schweinfurth
Plantas descritas por Baker

Sansevieria ehrenbergii


في الهندسة الرياضية، المرافق الزاوي أو الوتر المقترن هو تحويل هندسي لكائن يكون عادةً بانعكاسه حول منصفات زوايا. يُعرّف المرافق الزاوي لنقطةٍ ما بالنسبة لمثلث على أنها نقطة تقاطع انعكاسات المستقيمات الواصلة بين النقطة الأصلية ورؤوس المثلث مع منصفات رؤوس هذه المثلث على الترتيب. رياضياً، المرافق الزاوي لنقطةٍ ما  بالنسبة للمثلث  هو تقاطع انعكاسات الخطوط المستقيمة  حول منصفات الزوايا  على الترتيب. يُشار إلى المرافق الزاوي للنقطة  بالترميز:  والمرافق الزاوي للنقطة  هو نقطة الأصل . بينما بالنسبة للخط المستقيم المار بأحد رؤوس المثلث، فيُعرّف المرافق الزاوي له على أنه انعكاس هذا الخط حول منصف زاوية رأس المثلث المار به.

حالات خاصة
المرافق الزاوي لمركز الدائرة الداخلية  هو نفسه. بشكلٍ مكافئِ، المرافق الزاوي لمنصف زاوية مثلث هو نفسه أيضاً. المرافق الزاوي لنقطة تقاطع ارتفاعات المثلث  هو مركز دائرة المثلث المحيطة .

في القطوع المخروطية
لاهليلج ∆ (دلتا)، إذا كل منهما يمر بقطب الآخر. مثلاً في الشكل المرفق: الخط القطبي p للنقطة القطبية P يمر بالقطب R للخط r الذي بدوره يمر بالقطب P. كذلك كل نقطة P يمكن أن تسمى قطب لدلتا والخط p المار بنقاط المماس T1 T2 يسمى خط قطبي للنقطة P بالنسبة لدلتا. بالإشارة إلى دالة التقابل (Bijection)، الخط القطبي هو الخط المشترك في دالة الالتفاف (Involution) بين الإسقاطات المتطابقة لمقطعين مستويين لنفس المخروط (Quadric). في هذة الحالة القطب ب هو مركز الالتفاف. بالإشارة إلى نفس الشكل المرفق، نقطه تقاطع M القطبتين r p هي قطب الخط المار بالقطبين  P R

انظر أيضاً

 مستوسط.
 تنصيف.

مراجع

هندسة المثلث
هندسة وصفية

مرافق زاوي


Frit Flet-prisen er en litteraturpris, der uddeles hvert år for at hædre nybrydende og eksperimenterende arbejde i det litterære felt. Med prisen følger 50.000 kr.

Prisen blev indstiftet af Politiken-Fonden i 2015 og er opkaldt efter Frit flet af Naja Marie Aidt, Line Knutzon og Mette Moestrup, der modtog prisen det første år for deres originale bogværk om sammenhængen mellem litteratur og liv.

Prisen uddeles sammen med Politikens Litteraturpris.

Modtagere
 2020: Frederik Stjernfelt, Ulrik Langen og Henrik Horstbøll for værket Grov konfækt
 2018: Niels Brunse
 2017: Madame Nielsen
 2016: Louis Jensen og Lilian Brøgger
 2015: Halfdan Pisket
 2014: Naja Marie Aidt, Line Knutzon og Mette Moestrup

Referencer

Ekstern henvisning
 Frit Flet-prisen på Politiken-Fondens hjemmeside

Litteraturpriser fra Danmark
Politiken

Frit Flet-prisen


Doktor Phlox /ˈflɒks/ je izmišljeni lik u televizijskoj seriji Star trek: Enterprise, kojeg glumi John Bilingsley.

Dr. Phlox je glavni medicinski časnik na USS Enterprise-u.

Pregled
Phlox je Denobulanac, a na Zemlji je kao dio Međuvrsne Medicinske Razmjene, tijekom koje je pozvan služiti na Enterprise. Kao dio Razmjene, regularno se dopisujue sa svojim kolegom i zamjenikom na planetu Denobula Triaxa, Dr. Lucasom (Nakon Xindijskog napada na Zemlju, Lucas je premješten s Denobule na Zemaljsko Kriogeno Spremište poznatije pod nazivom Hladna Stanica 12).

U skladu s Denobulanskim tradicijama, Phlox ima tri žene, od kojih svaka ima još dva muža. Samo jedna od njegovih supruga, Feezal, pojavljuje se u seriji. Floks ima petero djece: dvije kćeri, od kojih obje rade na području medicine, i tri sina od kojih je jedan umjetnik, a drugo dvoje su se udaljili od njega.

Phlox ima otvoren um za druge vrste i kulture, čak i Antarance, koji su još uvijek u ratu s Denobulancima. Vrlo je iskren u razgovorima o ljubavnim i seksualnim pitanjima, što često sramoti druge članove posade, a ponekad igra ulogu matchmakera. Zanima ga alternativna medicina, prirodni lijekovi, a njegova ambulanta sadrži međuplanetarni zoološki vrt.

Phlox ima čudljiv smisao za humor. Voli zemaljska jela, pogotovo kinesku kuhinju. Također ga zanima religija: jednom se molio sa skupinom redovnika koji su posjetili Enterprise, proveo je tjedan dana u Tibetanskom samostanu, slušao je misu u Bazilici sv. Petra u Rimu, i promatrao je  Tal-Shanar ritual u Vulkanskom svetištu u Sausalitu.

Phloxove fizičke sposobnosti postupno su otkrivane. Potrebno mu je malo sna svakog dana, a godišnje spava "zimski san" šest dana. Također ima veliku kontrolu nad svojim mišićima lica, pa može šire otvoriti usta, pa ponekad vidimo njegov nemoguće velik osmjeh ("Slomljeni luk", "Ovo su putovanja..."). Kada je pod prijetnjom, Phlox si može napuhati glavu poput riba napuhača, kako bi otjerao napadače ("Dom").

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Phlox na Memory Alphi (Wikiji Zvjezdanih staza)

Zvjezdane staze

Dr. Phlox


Snartemo Station (Snartemo stasjon) er en jernbanestation på Sørlandsbanen, der ligger i bygden Snartemo i Hægebostad kommune i Norge.

Stationen åbnede 17. december 1943, da banen blev forlænget fra Kristiansand til Sira. Stationsbygningen var opført året før efter tegninger af Gudmund Hoel. Stationen blev fjernstyret fra 19. august 1969 men var fortsat bemandet med billetsalg indtil 1. februar 1997. Perronen ved stationsbygningen blev moderniseret i 2010.

Stationen ligger på en 500 meter lang stendæmning på tværs af dalen mellem Hægebostadtunnelen og Kvinesheitunnelen, der med hhv. 8.474 og 9.065 meter er Norges femte og fjerde længste jernbanetunneler. Snartemo er udgangspunkt for mange, der går Norges på langs på ski. Den første der tog den vandretur, Bjørn Amsrud, startede for eksempel her. Der er ca. 2.400 km fra Snartemo til Nordkapp.

Eksterne henvisninger

Stationer på Sørlandsbanen
Etableret i 1943
Jernbanestationer i Agder

Snartemo Station


Mythimna changi es una polilla de la familia Noctuidae. Se encuentra en Taiwán.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

changi

Mythimna changi


Fortuna, Roma mitolojisinde şansın cismani hali, tanrıçasıdır. Yunan mitolojisindeki Tyche'ye denktir. Fortuna her zaman olumlu değildir: bazen şüphelidir (Fortuna Dubia); değişen şans olabilir (Fortuna Brevis) veya mutlak şeytani şans (Fortuna Mala) olabilir. Fortuna genel olarak, kaderin tanrıçası olarak da bilinir. Hayattaki farklı yönlere göre bu tip farklı isimler altında Roma İmparatorluğunun her yanında tapılırdı, adına birçok tapınak bulunurdu.

Şans tanrıçaları
Zaman tanrıçaları
Roma tanrıçaları

Fortuna


Güney Hiung-nu  (Çince: 南匈奴 pinyin: nán xiōng nú,M.S. 48 - 216), Ho-han-ye yönetimindeki Doğu Hiung-nu'nun tekrar parçalanmasında Güney topraklarını idare eden devlettir.

Hiung-nu, MÖ 46 yılında Ho-han-ye Tanhu (呼韓邪單于 hūhánxié dānyú) ve Çiçi Tanhu (郅支單于 zhìzhī dānyú) kardeşleri arasında Doğu Hiung-nu ve Batı Hiung-nu olmak üzere ikiye ayrıldı. Doğu Hiung-nu'yu Ho-han-ye, Batı Hiung-nu'yu Çiçi yönetti.

Ho-han-ye'nin ölümünden sonra Doğu Hiung-nu Panu (蒲奴單于 pinyin: púnú dānyú, taht: M.S. 46 - ?) ve yeğeni Pi (比 bǐ: tam adı: 醢落屍逐鞮單于: hǎiluòshīzhúdī dānyú)'nin taht kavgasına sahne oldu. M.S. 48 yılında Doğu Hiung-nu, Güney Hiung-nu ve Kuzey Hiung-nu olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Pi Güney Hiung-nu'yu, Panu ise Kuzey Hiung-nu'yu yönetmiştir.

Çin egemenliği gölgesinde yönetilen bu imparatorluk Talas'ın doğusunda Çin'e kadar olan topraklara egemendi. Bu bölgeler Çin seddinin kuzeyinden kansu bölgesini oradan da gobi çöllerini kapsıyordu. Güney Hiung-nu-lar Çin hakimiyetini kabul etmişlerdir ve 216 yılına kadar hanedanlık sürmüştür.

Hiung-nu'lar tüm mirasçıları önce Doğu Hiung-nu'lar, oradan da Güney Hiung-nu-lardır. Ho-han-ye'nin soyu Pi ile devam etmiştir.

Çin'e yakın bölgede bulunan Güney Hiung-nu Çin üstünlüğünü kabul ettiği halde, Baykal gölü ve çevresinde Kuzey Hiung-nu bağımsız kalmayı tercih etmişti. Ancak Çinliler Güney Hiung-nu'yu kışkırtarak Kuzey Hiung-nu'yu yıprattılar. Sonuçta güneyden gelen Güney Hiung-nu'nun hücumları ile kuzeyden gelen Türk kavimlerinden Tiele'nin akınları arasında sıkıştırılmıştı. Bu nedenle Panu çevresindeki kabileler Talas'ın batısına göç etmişti.

Çin, M.S. 216 yılında da Güney Hiung-nu'yu tamamen yok etti.

Literatürde meydana gelen karışıklık
Türk tarih literatüründe üç tane "Batı Hun İmparatorluğu" ismine rastlanmaktadır.

 1. 16 Büyük Türk devleti içerisinde sayılan "Batı Hun İmparatorluğu"; Panu tanhunun yönettiği Kuzey Hun Devleti'dir.
 2. Asıl Batı Hiung-nu; Çiçi'nın yönettiği Batı Türkistan'ı kapsayan kısa ömürlü devlettir.
 3. Avrupa'daki Hun İmparatorluğu da Batı Hun (Avrupa-Batı kastedilerek) olarak bazı kaynaklarda ifade edilmektedir.

Kaynakça

 Görsel Yayınları Ansiklopedisi, 7. cilt.
 Hayat Ansiklopedisi, 2. cilt.
 Britanicca Ansiklopedisi.
 J.P.Roux Türklerin Tarihi
 Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, Genel Türk Tarihi Ansiklopedisi, 2. cilt
 PTT smartcard 16 Türk devleti koleksiyonu
 1969 TRT Türk Tarihi Takvimi.

Çince kaynakçası
 Fan Ye, "Hou Han" Kitabı, C.89, "Güney Hiung-nu" 79 范曄, 後漢書 卷八十九 南匈奴列傳第七十九

Hiung-nu Soyağacı

Ayrıca bakınız
 Hiung-nu (Doğu Hiung-nu: Ho-han-ye)
 Batı Hiung-nu (Çiçi)
 Kuzey Hiung-nu (Panu)

Asya tarihindeki devletler
Hiung-nu
VikiProje Tarih kaynak bekleyen maddeler

Güney Hiung-nu


114156 Eamonlittle este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
114156 Eamonlittle este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la La Palma de A. Fitzsimmons și I. P. Williams. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,93 ua, o excentricitate de 0,02 și o înclinație de 2,7° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 114001-115000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2002
Centura de asteroizi

114156 Eamonlittle


Francesco Landini ( or 1335 – 2 September 1397; also known by many names) was an Italian composer, poet, organist, singer and instrument maker who was a central figure of the Trecento style in late Medieval music. One of the most revered composers of the second half of the 14th century, he was by far the most famous composer in Italy.

Name
Francesco's name is recorded in many variants throughout medieval manuscripts and documents, including, Francesco degli Organi, Francesco il Cieco, Francesco da Firenze, Magister Franciscus de Florentia, Magister Franciscus Coecus Horghanista de Florentia, Francesco degli orghani and Cechus de Florentia.

Modern scholars no longer accept the idea that Francesco was a member of the Landini family and prefer to use the names "Francesco degli Organi" or "Francesco degliorghani" (Francesco of the organs), "Francesco da Firenze'"(Francesco of Firenze), and "Francesco il Cieco" or "Franciscus cecus"  (Francesco the blind) to refer to the composer. The surname "Landini" or "Landino" has not been linked to the composer in any sources of the 14th century nor in secondary references in the 15th century. The evidence linking Francesco to the Landini family via his presumed father, who was identified by Filippo Villani as a painter who lived a simple life is no longer accepted by art historians.  It can therefore also no longer be maintained that the painter Jacopo del Casentino (formerly also referred to as "Jacopo Landino") was his father or that Cristoforo Landino was his great-nephew. It was Cristoforo's naming of Francesco as an ancestor when he connected himself to an ancestor "Lando di Nato," taking on the family name of "Landini" that has caused centuries of scholars to call the composer Francesco Landini or Landino.

Context and sources
Details of Francesco's life are sketchy and few facts can be established with certainty, but the general outline has begun to take shape as more research has been done, especially into Florentine records.  Most of the original biographical data on him comes from a 1385 book on famous Florentine citizens by chronicler Filippo Villani, who was also born approximately 1325.

Life and career

Landini was most likely born in Florence, though Cristoforo Landino gave his birthplace as Fiesole. Blind from childhood (an effect of contracting smallpox), Landini became devoted to music early in life, and mastered many instruments, including the lute, as well as the art of singing, writing poetry, and composition. Villani, in his chronicle, also stated that Landini was an inventor of instruments, including a stringed instrument called the 'syrena syrenarum', that combined features of the lute and psaltery, and it is believed to be the ancestor of the bandura.

Despite his young age, Landini was already active in the early 1350s and it is likely that he was very close to  Petrarch.
According to Villani, Landini was given a crown of laurel by the King of Cyprus, who was in Venice for several periods during the 1360s. Landini probably spent some time in northern Italy prior to 1370. Evidence in some of his music also points to this: a motet by a certain "Franciscus" is dedicated to Andrea Contarini, who was Doge of Venice from 1368 to 1382; and in addition, his works are well represented in northern Italian sources.

He was employed as organist at the Florentine monastery of Santa Trinità in 1361, and at the church of San Lorenzo from 1365 onward. He was heavily involved in the political and religious controversies of his day, according to Villani, but he seems to have remained in the good graces of the Florentine authorities. Landini knew many of the other Italian composers of the Trecento, including Lorenzo da Firenze, with whom he was associated at Santa Trinità, as well as Andreas da Florentia, whom he knew in the 1370s. Around or shortly after 1375, Andreas hired him as a consultant to help build the organ at the Servite house in Florence. Among the surviving records are the receipts for the wine that the two consumed during the three days it had taken to tune the instrument.  Landini also helped build the new organ at SS Annunziata in 1379, and in 1387 he was involved in yet another organ-building project, this time at Florence Cathedral.

He is buried in the church of San Lorenzo in Florence. His tombstone, lost until the 19th century and now again displayed in the church, contains a depiction of him with a portative organ.

Music

Landini was the foremost exponent of the Italian Trecento style, sometimes also called the "Italian ars nova". His output was almost exclusively secular. While there are records that he composed sacred music, none of it has survived. What have survived are eighty-nine ballate for two voices, forty-two ballate for three voices, and another nine which exist in both two and three-voice versions. In addition to the ballate, a smaller number of madrigals have survived. Landini is assumed to have written his own texts for many of his works. His output, preserved most completely in the Squarcialupi Codex, represents almost a quarter of all surviving 14th-century Italian music.

Legacy
Numerous contemporary writers attest to his fame, not only as a composer, but as a singer, poet, organist, philosopher, and passionately devoted citizen of Florence, notably Giovanni da Prato, in his book Paradiso degli Alberti. This book, written in 1389 contains short stories, one of which supposedly was related by Landini himself. His reputation for moving an audience with his music was so powerful that writers noted "the sweetness of his melodies was such that hearts burst from their bosoms."

Landini is the eponym of the Landini cadence (or Landino sixth), a cadential formula whereby the sixth degree of the scale (the submediant) is inserted between the leading note and its resolution on the tonic.  However this cadence neither originated with him, nor is unique to his music; it can be found in much polyphonic music of the period, and well into the 15th century (for example in the songs of Gilles Binchois). Gherardello da Firenze is the earliest composer to use the cadence whose works have survived.  Yet Landini used the formula consistently throughout his music, so the eponym—which dates from after the medieval era—is appropriate.

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

External links

 Biography and discography from The Medieval Music & Arts Foundation

1325 births
1397 deaths
Blind classical musicians
Italian blind people
People from the Province of Florence
Trecento composers
Italian male classical composers
Italian classical organists
Male classical organists
Italian pipe organ builders
Medieval male composers

Francesco Landini


الحدود فيلم سوري كوميدي أنتج عام 1984. كتب نصه السينمائي والسيناريو والحوار الكاتب السوري محمد الماغوط ، دريد لحام مثل الدور الرئيسي فيه وقام بإخراجه. شاركه في التمثيل كل من الممثلة رغدة، ورشيد عساف، وهاني السعدي وهاني الروماني وعمر حجو وأحمد حداد.

موضوع الفيلم
يسخر الفيلم من إدعاء الوحدة العربية والتعاون العربي من خلال سائق مسافر بين بلدين، تدعى الغربية غربستان والشرقية شرقستان، تشاء الصدف أثناء مروره في المنطقة الواقعة بين البلدين أن تضيع أوراقه الثبوتية وجواز سفره، فلا يستطيع العودة إلى بلده المنشأ ولا دخول البلد الآخر. يضطر أن يخيم في منطقة تتوسط المسافة بين البلدين على خط الحدود تماما ضمن أحداث كوميدية من خلال تعامله مع أنماط مختلفة من الناس يلتقي بهم على الحدود. تقع العديد من المفارقات والمعاكسات حتى تفرج عليه.

الفيلم من إنتاج نادر الأتاسي وسيريا فيلم ومن توزيع المتحدة للتجارة والسينما.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

أفلام إنتاج 1980
أفلام باللغة العربية
أفلام باللغة العربية في عقد 1980
أفلام دريد لحام
أفلام سورية إنتاج سنة 1984
أفلام عربية عن السفر
أفلام كوميديا سورية
أفلام كوميديا سياسية في عقد 1980

الحدود (فيلم)


بني مليكش بلدية بولاية بجاية بالجزائر

أعلام
 عبد الرحمان ميرة

مواضيع ذات صلة
 بلديات ولاية بجاية
 دوائر ولاية بجاية

مراجع

بلديات ولاية بجاية

بني مليكش


Franklyn  Wood Fisher (né le  à Bailieboro, mort le  à Toronto) est un athlète multi-sports canadien s'étant principalement distingué en hockey sur glace et en football canadien.

Biographie
Il est diplômé en 1919 du Harbord Collegiate Institute. Il travaille pendant 55 ans dans l'étude Ludwig, Fisher and Holness avant de prendre sa retraite en 1977, à 76 ans. Il est nommé Conseil de la Reine.

Carrière
Frank Fisher est un sportif très éclectique : hockey sur glace, football canadien, nautisme, golf, tennis, squash...

Il fait partie de l'équipe de football canadien de l'Université de Toronto, avec laquelle il remporte la coupe Grey en 1920. Il assiste à toutes les rencontres de football canadien de l'équipe de l'Université de Toronto de sa retraite à sa mort.

Il est l'un des quatre propriétaires et conducteurs du yacht Acadia, long de cinq mètres, qui remporte en 1932 la Coupe du Prince de Galles.

En hockey sur glace, Frank Fisher est membre de l'équipe de l'University of Toronto Schools, les Varsity Blues de Toronto, en 1926-1927. En 1927, elle remporte la Coupe Allan, décernée chaque année à la meilleure équipe amateur senior. Puis, en tant que membre des Varsity Blues de Toronto, il fait partie de l'équipe nationale du Canada qui remporte la médaille de bronze aux Jeux olympiques de 1928 à Saint-Moritz. Il participe à trois matchs, marque un but.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en mai 1907
Naissance en Ontario
Décès en avril 1983
Décès à 76 ans
Décès à Toronto
Étudiant de l'Université de Toronto
Joueur international canadien de hockey sur glace
Joueur de hockey sur glace aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1928
Champion olympique canadien
Défenseur de hockey sur glace
Joueur canadien de football canadien

Frank Fisher


සෝවියට්වරුන්ගේ පෝලන්ත ආක්‍රමණය යනු, විධිමත්   යුද්ධ ප්‍රකාශ කිරීමකින් තොරව,  1939 සැප්තැම්බර් 17 දිනදී ඇරඹුනු, සෝවියට් හමුදාමය මෙහෙයුමකි.  බටහිර දිශාවෙන් නාසි ජර්මනිය විසින් පෝලන්තය ආක්‍රමණය කිරීමෙන් දින දහසයකට පසුව, එම දිනයේදී, සෝවියට් සංගමය විසින් එලෙසින්ම නැගෙනහිර දිශාවෙන් ආක්‍රමණය කරන ලදි. ජර්මනිය සහ සෝවියට් සංගමය විසින්  සම්පූර්ණ   පෝලන්තය දෙකොටසකට බෙදා වෙන් කොට ඈඳාගැනීම හා සමගම 1939 ඔක්තොම්බර් 6 දිනදී ආක්‍රමණය අවසන් විය.

නාසි ජර්මනියට එරෙහිව එක්සත් රාජධානිය, ප්‍රංශය, පෝලන්තය සහ, රුමේකියාව හා සමග යුද උපායශීලි සන්ධානයකට එළඹීමේ  සාකච්ඡාවන්හී නිරතවීම,  1939 මුල් අවධියෙහිදී සෝවියට් සංගමය විසින් අරඹන ලදි. සාමුහික ආරක්ෂා එකඟතාවක කොටසක් ලෙසින්, ඔවුන්ගේ භූමිප්‍රදේශ තුලින් සංක්‍රමණ අයිතිවාසිකම්, පෝලන්තය සහ රුමේනියාව විසින් සෝවියට් හමුදා ඛණ්ඩ වෙත ලබා දිය යුතු බවට, සෝවියට් සංගමය විසින් උදක්ම කියා සිටි විට, මෙම කතිකාවන් බිඳ වැටුණි.  ඉහත කොන්දේසි නිෂ්ප්‍රභා කෙරුණු අතර, මේ නිසා, නාසි ජර්මනිය හා සමගින් මෝල්ටොෆ්–රිබෙන්ට්‍රොෆ් ගිවිසුම පිළිබඳ අනුසරණයෙහි යෙදීමට ස්වාධිකාරියක් සෝවියට් සංගමය වෙත ලැබුණු අතර, එම ගිවිසුම 1939 අගෝස්තු 23 දිනදී අත්සන් තැබිණි. යුද්ධ තත්ත්වයක් යටතේ,  උතුරු සහ නැගෙනහිර යුරෝපය, ජර්මානු සහ සෝවියට් බල ඉම් ගෝල වෙත වෙන්කිරීම සිදු කරන බවට රහස් නියමාවලියන්, මෙම ආක්‍රමණය-නොකිරීමේ ගිවිසුම තුල ගැබ්වී තිබුණි. මෝල්ටොෆ්–රිබෙන්ට්‍රොෆ් ගිවිසුම අත්සන් කොට සතියක් ගතවත්ම, ජර්මානු හමුදාවන් විසින්, බටහිරින්, උතුරින් සහ දකුණින් පෝලන්තය ආක්‍රමණය කරන ලදි. පෝලන්ත හමුදා ක්‍රමයෙන් ගිණිකොණ දෙසට පසුබැස්ස අතර එහිදී ඔවුන් සූදානම් වූයේ  රුමේනියානු පිවිසුම් රැකපොළ ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමේ දිගුකාලීන මෙහෙයුමකට වූ අතර, ඔවුන් බලාපොරොත්තු වූ ප්‍රංශ සහ බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය සහාය සහ අතිරේක බලඇණි ගැන අපේක්ෂාවෙන් සිටියහ. 1939 සැප්තැම්බර් 17 දිනදී සෝවියට් රතු හමුදාව විසින් ක්‍රෙසි ප්‍රදේශ ආක්‍රමණය කලේ රහස් නියමාවලී පරිදීය. එදිරිවාදිකම් ඇරඹෙත්ම,  ඩුබනෝ, ඌත්ස්ක් සහ වෝජීනියස් වොවින්ස්කි ඇතුළු පෝලන්ත නගර කිහිපයක් විසින් රතු හමුදාවන්ට සාමාකාමී ලෙසින් ඇතුළු වීමට ඉඩ හරින ලද්දේ, ඔවුන් පැමිණ ඇත්තේ ජර්මානුවන් හා සටන් කිරීමට බව ඒත්තු ගොස් සිටි බැවිනි. පෝලන්ත යුද්ධ හමුදාවේ ජනරාල් ජූලියුස් රොමෙල් විසින් අනවසර අධිකාරියක් නිකුත් කරමින් අණ කර සිටියේ ඔවුන් මිත්‍ර පාක්ෂිකයන් ලෙසින් සලකන ලෙසටයි; එහි වරද අවබෝධ කර ගන්නා විට අතිශයින් පමා වී තිබුණි.

ආශ්‍රිත

සටහන්

අධෝසටහන්

පුස්තක නාමාවලිය

1939දී ගැටුම්
සෝවියට් සංගමය සම්බන්ධිත හමුදාමය මෙහෙයුම්
පෝලන්ත–රුසියානු යුද්ධ
පෝලන්තය ආක්‍රමණය කිරීම
සෝවියට් හමුදාමය අධිවාස
පෝලන්තය තුල ස්ටාලින්වාදය
බෙලාරූස්හී ඉතිහාසය (1939–45)

සෝවියට් සංගමය තුල 1939 වසර

සෝවියට්වරුන්ගේ පෝලන්ත ආක්‍රමණය


ශ්‍රී සුභූති දහම්පාසල (1959 දෙසැම්බර් 19) වෙනිදා සුභීතිපුර බෞද්ධ සංගම් සමිති ශාලාවේ ආරම්භකලා. ශ්‍රී සුභූති දහම් පාසල ආරම්භ කිරීම සඳහා යෝජනා කලේ හෙලයේ මහා ගත්කතුවරයකු වූ මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ ශූරීන්. එම යෝජනාව ස්ථිර කලේ හෙලයේ මහා ගාන්ධර්වයාණන් ලෙස හැදින්වූ පණ්ඩිත් ඩබ්ලිව්.ඩී.අමරදේව ශූරීන් විසින්. ඒ අනුව එවකට ශ්‍රී සුභූති බෞද්ධ සංගමයේ සභාපතිව සිටි ටී.පී.වීරසිංහ මහතාගේ මූලිකත්වයෙන් දහම්පාසල ආරම්භ කලා. දහම් පාසල පවත්වාගෙය යාමේ වගකීම පැවරැණේ එවකට කීර්තිධර සමාජසේවකයකු වූ බී.ජී.ධර්මසේන මහතාටයි. එහෙත් ඔහු එම වගකීම තවත් සමාජයේ කීර්තිධර සමාජ සේවකයකු වූ ඩී.ඩී.එදිරිසිංහ මහතාට පවරා ඔහු එහි අතිරේඛ විදුහල්පති ලෙස ක්‍රියාකලා. ඒ අනුව 1959 දෙසැම්බර් 19 වෙනිදා  කෝට්ටේ සෝමානන්ද හිමියන්ගේ මූලිකත්වයෙන් දහම් පාසල ආරම්භ කලා. ආරම්භයේදී සිටියේ  ළමුන් 40 දෙනෙකු පමණයි. ළමුන්ගේ ප්‍රමාණාත්මක වැඩිවීමත් සමග ශ්‍රී සුභූති දහම්පාසල පසුව බත්තරමුල්ල ශ්‍රී සුභූති මධ්‍ය මහා විද්‍යාලය වෙත රැගෙන ආවා.  ශ්‍රී සුභූති දහම් පාසල ප්‍රදේශයේ දහම් අධ්‍යාපනයේ සරු කෙතක් වූණා. එහි  විදුහල්පතිවරයා ලෙස  ඩී.ඩී.එදිරිසිංහ මහතා වසර 50 ක් ප්‍රදේශයේ දූ දරැවන්ගේ සදහම් නැණස පෑදීමට ක්‍රියා කලා. වසර 50 ක් හෙල දිවයිණට නෑණවත් ධාර්මික දරුකැලක් බිහිකල ශ්‍රී සුභූති දහම් පාසලේ විදුහල්පති ධූරය බන්දුල එදිරිසිංහ භාරගත්තේ 2010 වසරේදීයි.

ශ්‍රී සුභූති දහම්පාසල


Jagodići su naseljeno mjesto u sastavu općine Zenice, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH. Nalaze se južno i zapadno od rječice Kočeve. U Jagodićima je kop ugljena.

Upravna organizacija
Godine 1981. pripojeni su naselju Stranjanima (Sl.list SRBiH 28/81 i 33/81)

Stanovništvo
Prema popisu 1981. ovdje su živjeli:

 Muslimani - 260
 Hrvati - 186
 ostali i nepoznato - 10
 UKUPNO: 456

Prema popisu 1971. ovdje su živjeli:

 Hrvati - 292
 Muslimani - 167
 Albanci - 1
 ostali i nepoznato -
 UKUPNO: 463

Izvor

Naselja u Zeničko-dobojskoj županiji
Zenica

Jagodići (Zenica, BiH)


Allius Barnes, né le  à Los Angeles (Californie), est un acteur américain.

Biographie

Filmographie

Cinéma

 2017 : Thumper : Flip
 2019 : American Skin : Jayden
À venir : Rise : Tayo

Télévision

 2009 : Applause for Miss E (téléfilm) : Sands
 2014 : S.H.R.I.E.K. : Spencer (5 épisodes)
 2014 : Sam et Cat : Marvin
 2014 : Melissa and Joey : Marvin
 2015 : Bones : Marcellus Miller
 2016 : Rosewood : Oscar Diaz
 2018 : Chicago Police Department : Nathan Hawkins
 2019 : PEN15 : Evan (3 épisodes)
 2019 : Snowfall : 2Ton
 2019 : Unbelievable : Remy (3 épisodes)
 2021 : Cruel Summer : Vince Fuller (9 épisodes)

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en janvier 1999
Acteur américain de télévision
Acteur américain de cinéma
Naissance à Los Angeles

Allius Barnes


Kapıcılar Kralı, yönetmenliğini Zeki Ökten'in yaptığı, senaryosunu Umur Bugay'ın yazdığı, başrollerinde Kemal Sunal, Sevda Ferdağ, Bilge Zobu ve Sevil Üstekin'in yer aldığı 1976 yapımı Türk filmidir. Film, 1975 yılında çekilen Hanzo ve Şaşkın Damat filmlerinden sonra Zeki Ökten ve Kemal Sunal'ın üçüncü ortak çalışmasıdır. Türk sinema sanatçısı Kemal Sunal'ın kariyerindeki en unutulmaz filmlerinden biri olarak kabul edilen Kapıcılar Kralı, hem yönetmen Ökten'e hem de başrol Sunal'a önemli ödüller kazandırmıştır.

Film hakkında
1976 yılı, Kemal Sunal'ın kariyerindeki önemli ve yoğun yıllardan birisiydi; zira sanatçı o yıl tam altı filmde başrol oynadı. 1972 yılında sinemaya adımını atmış olan Sunal, kısa süre içerisinde popülerliğini arttırmış, büyük rollerde oynamaya ve birçok yönetmenden film teklifleri almaya başlamıştı. O dönemde özellikle Hababam Sınıfı film serisindeki "İnek Şaban" karakteriyle dikkatleri üzerine çeken Sunal, o zamana kadar başrol oynadığı filmlerde genellikle kurnazlığa aklı pek ermeyen, zekâdan yoksun, kavrayışta güçlük çeken saf akıllı ve komik rolleri oynadı. Ancak 1976 yapımı Kapıcılar Kralı, bu düzenin yıkıldığı ilk yapım olarak seyirci karşısına çıktı.

Bu filmde Kemal Sunal, saf ve komik Şaban karakterinden tamamen bağımsız olan "Seyit" rolünü oynadı. Bulunduğu toplum tarafından pek itibar görmeyen ve sürekli ezilen Seyit; zeki, kurnaz, paragöz, işgüzar ve komikliği yanında asabi bir karakterdir. Karısı ve iki çocuğuyla kapıcılık yaptığı apartmanda yaşayan Seyit, aynı zamanda elindeki parayı harcamaya kıyamayan maddiyatçı işçi sınıfının ve ataerkil kökenden gelen Anadolulu baba figürünün de temsilî bir örneğidir. Dolayısıyla bu karakter, Sunal'ın önceki rollerine hiç benzememekteydi. Kapıcılar Kralı, sinemada bambaşka bir Kemal Sunal'ın gözüktüğü ilk filmdi.

Yönetmen Zeki Ökten ile Kemal Sunal'ın üçüncü ortak çalışması olan Kapıcılar Kralı filminin senaryosunu Umur Bugay kaleme aldı, yapımcılığını ise Arif Keskiner üstlendi. Çiçek Film'e ait olan yapım, apartman metaforu üzerinden ülkenin sınıfsal ve toplumsal yapısını işlemiştir. Film esasında, saf görünüşlü ancak cin gibi kurnaz ve işini bilir bir kapıcının apartman sakinleriyle olan renkli ilişkilerini anlatan bir komedi filmidir.

Çekim aşaması
Türk sinemasında sokak yaşamını ve samimi toplumsal ilişkileri iyi gözlemleyen senarist Umur Bugay'ın yazdığı Kapıcılar Kralı filminin ilk etapta Nişantaşı'nda çekilmesi planlanmıştı. Bu konuda yapılan apartman aramaları ve anlaşmalar sonuçsuz kalınca, filmin yönetmeni Zeki Ökten'in öğrencilik yıllarında konakladığı Cihangir'deki Güneşli Sokak karar kılındı. Burası özellikle o dönemlerde kapıcı-apartman sakini ilişkilerinin hareketli yaşandığı bölgelerden biriydi. Umur Bugay'ın bizzat incelemelerinin ardından sokağın Alman Hastanesi yönü girişindeki ikinci apartman olan Selahattin Zeren apartmanı film için uygun bulundu. Apartman yöneticisi ve kapıcısı ile yapılan olumlu görüşmeler sonrasında film çekimi için ilk adım atılmış oldu.

Senarist Umur Bugay, Selahattin Zeren apartmanı yöneticisi ile kapıcı dairesini ziyaret ettikleri zaman Anadolu'nun ücra köşesinden göç etmiş kapıcı Seyid ve üç çocuğundan etkilenmiş ve filmdeki kapıcı karakterine de Seyid adını vermiştir. Apartmandaki kapıcı dairesinin doğal yapısını da film sırasında muhafaza ettirmiştir.

Kısa sürede çekimlerine başlanan film çevre halkından da büyük ilgi görmüştür. Film setinin sık sık vatandaşlar tarafından ziyaret edilmesi sonrası Zeki Ökten'in önerisiyle filmin ileri bölümleri sabahın erken saatlerine alınmıştır. Filmin bazı sahnelerinde sokak arkasına saklanan meraklı izleyiciler kameralara yansımıştır.

Kapıcılar Kralı filminin çekimleri sırasında gerçek kapıcı evin diğer odasında hanımı bekletilirken, 3 çocuğundan yaşları uygun olan iki çocuğu da filmde oynatılmıştır.

Filmin koşu sahneleri Bakraç Sokak ve Oba Sokak'ta çekilirken Güneşli Sokak 1977'de çekilen Çöpçüler Kralı'na da ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Çöpçüler Kralı'nda sokağın Cihangir Parkı'ndan sonraki Samanyolu Sokağa kadar uzanan bölümü kullanılmıştır.

Konusu
Karısı ve iki çocuğuyla birlikte daha iyi bir yaşam umutlarıyla İstanbul'a gelen Seyit, büyük bir apartmanda kapıcılık yapmakta, karısı da evlere temizliğe gitmektedir. Eski apartman yöneticisi ile arası pek iyi olan Seyit, onun istifa etmesinden sonra gelen yeni yönetici ile arası pek iyi değildir. Apartmanda olup bitenleri lehine çevirmeyi ve yerini sağlama almayı beceren, zamanla apartmandaki tüm olaylara hâkim olan ve daire sakinlerini âdeta parmağında oynatan Seyit, kısa zamanda köşeyi döner. Eline geçen her işi maddi anlamda değerlendiren Seyit, kısa süre içinde apartmanın %51 hissesini satın alır ve daire sakinlerinden itibar görmeye başlar.

Oyuncular ve karakterler

 Kemal Sunal - Kapıcı Seyit
 Bilge Zobu - Albay Zafer (ses. Mücap Ofluoğlu)
 Sevda Ferdağ - Mahir'in Ev Arkadaşı (ses. Füsun Kokucu)
 Şevket Altuğ - Votkacı
 Sevil Üstekin - Hacer (ses. Suna Pekuysal)
 Can Kolukısa - Fehmi (ses. Gazanfer Özcan)
 Güner Sümer - Nuri (ses. Dinçer Çekmez)
 Feridun Çölgeçen - Übeyit (ses. Türker Tekin)
 Özcan Özgür - Mahir (ses. Zafer Önen)
 Mine Zeren - Apartman sakini
 Yüksel Gözen - Müdür Mithat (ses. Sait Ergenç)
 Ekrem Dümer - Doktor (ses. Ünal Gürel)
 Hikmet Gül - Makbule (ses. Sacide Keskin)
 Güler Ökten - Fehmi'nin eşi
 Fatoş Tez - Leyla
 Gülten Ceylan - Selma
 Mete Sezer - Memur Ferit
 Demircan Türkdoğan
 Diler Saraç - Doktor'un eşi
 Serpil Baykul - Fehmi'nin kızı
 Itır Gürdemirel
 Nisan Akman
 Eren Ertekin
 Yaman Yaşınel
 Aziz Kıskanç
 İbrahim Sabuncu
 Soner  Yağız - İbrahim (Kapıcı Seyit'in oğlu)
 Rauf Öztürk
 Necip Sarıcıoğlu
 Taci Erşan
 Hacı Fidan - Bakkaldan ekmek alan kişi

Ödüller
 1977: 14. Altın Portakal Film Festivali - En İyi Yönetmen - Zeki Ökten
 1977: 14. Altın Portakal Film Festivali - En İyi Erkek Oyuncu - Kemal Sunal
 1977: 14. Altın Portakal Film Festivali - En İyi İkinci Film - Arif Keskiner ve Abdurrahman Keskiner

Resim galerisi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 SinemaTürk'te Kapıcılar Kralı

1976 çıkışlı Türk filmleri
Çiçek Film filmleri
Zeki Ökten'in yönettiği filmler
Umur Bugay'ın senaryosunu yazdığı filmler
Altın Portakal Ödülü sahipleri
1976 çıkışlı komedi filmleri
Türk komedi filmleri
Konusu İstanbul'da geçen filmler
Abdurrahman Keskiner'in yapımcısı olduğu filmler
1970'lerde Türkçe filmler
İzzet Akay'ın görüntülediği filmler
Arif Keskiner'in yapımcısı olduğu filmler

Kapıcılar Kralı


ලී (, lǐ, or , shìlǐ) හෝ චීන හැතැප්ම ලෙස හැඳින්වෙන්නේ දුර මනින ඒකකයකි.

මිනුම් ඒකක

ලී (මිනුම් ඒකකය)


La cyberattaque de 2022 en Ukraine est survenue le 14 janvier 2022 lorsqu'une cyberattaque a détruit plus d'une douzaine de sites Web du gouvernement ukrainien. Selon des responsables ukrainiens, environ 70 sites Web gouvernementaux, dont le ministère des Affaires étrangères, le Cabinet des ministres et le Conseil de défense et de sécurité nationale d'Ukraine, ont tous fait l'objet de l'attaque. Les attaques ont consisté à ce que les pirates remplacent les sites Web par des textes en ukrainien, polonais et russe, qui déclarent « ayez peur et attendez le pire » et allèguent également que des informations personnelles ont été divulguées sur Internet.

Le  marque le premier jour de l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie en 2022. Si des services de renseignements occidentaux pensaient qu'elle serait accompagnée d'une cyberattaque majeure, celle-ci n'a pas eu lieu. Diverses cyberattaques ont néanmoins été menées, avec des succès inégaux. À l'instar d'Anonymous, des groupes indépendants ont conduit des cyberattaques en guise de représailles à l'invasion russe.

Réactions

Ukraine
Des agences gouvernementales ukrainiennes comme le Centre pour les communications stratégiques et la sécurité de l'information ont accusé la fédération de Russie d'être responsable de l'attaque.

OTAN
Le secrétaire général de l'OTAN, Jens Stoltenberg, a déclaré que l'organisation renforcerait sa coordination avec l'Ukraine sur la cyberdéfense face à davantage de cyberattaques.

Notes et références

Voir aussi
 Crise russo-ukrainienne de 2021

Janvier 2022
2022 en Ukraine
Cyberattaque
2022 en informatique

Cyberattaque de 2022 en Ukraine


Convenția privind eliminarea tuturor formelor de discriminare impotriva femeilor a fost adoptată și lansată spre semnare de Adunarea Generala a Națiunilor Unite printr- o rezoluție din data de 18 decembrie 1979. Aceasta a intrat în vigoare la 3 septembrie 1981 în toate statele member ale ONU.

Context și necesitate
Convenția a fost adoptată în conformitate cu prevederile din Carta Națiunilor Unite ce reafirmă încrederea în drepturile fundamentale ale omului, în demnitatea și valoarea persoanei umane, în egalitatea drepturilor și bărbatului și femeii. S-a dorit acest aspect deoarece statele membre nu aplicau uniform jurisprudența ONU în materie de egalitate de gen. Prin această convenție sunt reîntărite o serie de drepturi și libertăți. Ca fundamentare a acesteia au fost preluate și solicitările și prevederile Declarației Universale a Drepturilor Omului și Cetățeanului care afirmă principiul nediscriminării și proclamă că toate ființele se nasc libere și egale în demnitate și drepturi (…). S-a insistat asupra acestui document pentru ca egalitatea în drepturi a femeilor a apărut la sfârșitul secolelor al XVIII lea și al XIX-lea și își face resimțită prezența și în zilele noastre. În plenul discuțiilor au fost amintite două momente majore pentru a susține adoptarea acestui document: pe de- o parte Revoluția Franceză de la 1789 și pe de altă parte lupta pentru dreptul la vot al femeilor, moment marcant fiind opera In apărarea drepturilor femeilor autoare fiind Mary Wollstonecraft. Convenția statuează asupra faptului că este nevoie să blocăm accesul femeilor pentru simplul fapt că sunt femei, fiind oprite cutumiar de evoluția lucrurilor.

Structurarea conținutului Conveției, urmând principiile generale ale teoriei dreptului public, documentul are în componență: un preambul care invocă jursiprudență internațională, părți și articole ce setează cadrul și prevederile convenției. În cadrul convenției se solicit îmbunătățirea măsurilor de reconciliere atât pentru femei, cât și pentru bărbaâi, printre care concediile pe motive familiale, concediile pentru îngrijirea persoanelor dependente, condiții de muncă flexibile și încurajarea partajării responsabilităților private și familiale, în vederea facilitării angajării cu normă întreagă a femeilor, cât și a bărbaților.

Conținut și remarci semnificative
Articolul 2 obligă statele semnatare să realizeze o serie de modificări precum: înscrierea în constituțiile naționale sau în alte dispoziții legislative corespunzătoare, să adopte sancțiuni relevante care să interzică discriminarea femeii, să ia totate măsurile necesare pentru aborgarea oricărui act sau legi naționale care produce discriminare a femeilor. Articolul 6 face referire la obligativitatea statelor de a lua măsuri urgente pentru a sista și bloca toate formele existente a traficului de femei și a exploatării prostituției femeii.

Art. 11, punctul 3 reia obligativitatea statelor de a ocroti femeile în domeniile vizate și totodată să revizuiască periodic legislația domestic pentru a asigura protejarea tuturor drepturilor și libertăților atât pentru bărbați, cât și pentru femei. Art. 17 face referire la constituirea unui comitet care să se asigure că statele member realizează măsuri de ameliorare a discriminării față de femei. Membrii comitetului vor fi aleși prin vot secret dintr –o listă de mebri propuși de către statele membre. Reuniunea Comitetului se realizează pentru cel mult 2 săptămâni în fiecare an pentru a se examina rapoartele prezentate de către statele prezentei Convenții.

Referințe și note

Bibliografie
 The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and its Optional Protocol: Handbook for Parliamentarians, Inter-Parliamentary Union 2003
 UN WOMEN "Women, War & Peace"
 UN WOMEN Singapore Committee – Governance, Peace & Security
 UN WOMEN "Violence Against Women"

Legături externe
 CEDAW site
 Convention text
 List of parties
 CEDAW 2010, the website of the CEDAW Task Force of The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights.
 Introductory note by Dubravka Šimonović, procedural history note and audiovisual material on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women in the Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law

1979
Convenții
Documente ale Organizației Națiunilor Unite
Drepturile femeii
Legislație privitoare la dreptul familiei
Sexism

Convenția privind eliminarea tuturor formelor de discriminare împotriva femeilor


State of Violence  es una película del año 2010.

Sinopsis
Bonedi acaba de ser nombrado director general de una importante empresa minera de Johannesburgo. Después de festejar el nombramiento con su esposa Joy y unos amigos, un hombre ataca a la pareja en su casa y mata a Joy. Bobedi considera que la justicia es demasiado lenta y decide vengarse. Cuando encuentra al asesino, no le queda más remedio que enfrentarse al secreto que les une a través del tiempo. Deberá decidir si seguir con el ciclo de violencia o acabar de una vez por todas.

Premios
 Milano 2011

Referencias

State of Violence


A extração do ouro é um processo de extração do ouro a partir de minério diluído utilizando uma combinação de processos químicos. A mineração do ouro produz cerca de 3600 toneladas anualmente, outras 300 toneladas são produzindas através de reciclagem.

A partir do século XX, o ouro tem sido extraído principalmente através de um processo de cianuração, através da lixiviação do minério com uma solução de cianeto. O material resultante pode ser adicionalmente refinado pela separação do ouro, que remove outros metais (principalmente prata) soprando gás clorídico através do metal fundido. Historicamente, pequenas partículas de ouro eram amalgamadas com mercúrio, subsequentemente concentradas pela evaporação do mercúrio. O método do mercúrio ainda é utilizado em algumas operações, como no garimpo.

Tipos de minério

O ouro ocorre principalmente enquanto um metal nativo. Por vezes é ligado em maior ou menor medida com a prata, denominado eletro. Ouro nativa pode ocorrer em pepitas, em grãos pequenos ou flocos, em depósitos alúviais, ou como grãos e particulas microscópicas (conhecidas como cor) emaranhadas em minerais rochosos.

Alguns contaminantes no minério podem interferir com a extração do ouro com cianeto.

Concentração

Enquanto que a imagem romântica da mineração de ouro foca em pepítas, a realidade é que o ouro é tipicamente recuperado de minérios contendo >10 ppm do metal. Assim, o princípal desafio é concentrar essa quantidade difusa.

Refinação e separação do ouro

A separação é o processo através do qual o ouro é purificado em um padrão comercial, tipicamente ≥99.5%. A remoção da prata é de interesse especial, dado que ambos os metais se co-purificam. O procedimento padrão é baseado no processo Miller. A separação é realizada através da aplicação de gás clorídico na liga metálica. A técnica é praticada em larga escala (e.g. 500 kg). O princípio do método utilizada a nobreza do ouro, de maneira que, em altas temperaturas, o ouro não reage com o cloro, diferente dos metais contaminantes. Assim, à c. 500 °C, na medida que o gás de cloro é passado através da mistura fundida, um excesso de baixa densidade se forma no topo, que pode ser decantado do ouro líquido. Outros metais preciosos podem ser extraídos dessse refugo. A camada de refugo é frequentemente diluída com um fluxo de borax para facilitar a separação.

Métodos alternativos para a separação do ouro também existem. A prata pode ser dissolvida seletivamente ao ferver a mistura com 30% de ácido nítrico. Afinação é um processo amplamento obsoleto de remoção da prata presente no ouro utilizando ácido sulfúrico concentrado. Eletrólise através do processo Wohlwill é outro método disponível.

História

A fundição de ouro começou em algum momento entre 6000 e 3000 a. C. De acordo com alguns autores, a técnica começou a ser utilizada na Mesopotâmia ou Síria. Na grécia antiga, Heráclito escreveu sobre o assunto.

De acordo com Lecerda e Salomons (1997), o mercúrio foi primeiro empregado na extração em torno do ano 1000 a. C., segundo Meech e outros (1998), o mercúrio foi usado para obter ouro até o período tardio do primeiro milênio.

Uma técnica conhecida por Plínio, o velho era a extração pela trituração, lavagem e subsequente esquentamento, resultando num material em pó.

Era industrial
Como todos os metais, o ouro é insolúvel na água. O ouro apresenta, por outro lado, algumas propriedades distintivas, dado que na presença de íons de cianeto, o ouro se dissolve na presença de oxigénio. Essa transformação foi relatada em 1783 por Carl Wilhelm Scheele, mas foi apenas no fim do século 19 que essa reação foi explorada comercialmente. A expansão da mineração de ouro na witwatersrand da África do Sul começou a desacelerar na década de 1880, na medida que os novos depósitos encontrados tendiam à ser pirita, e o ouro presente nesses minerais é de dificil extração.

Em 1887, John Stewart MacArthur, trabalhando em colaboração com os irmãos Dr Robert aned Dr William Forrest para a Tennant Company em Glasgow, Escôcia, desenvolveram o processo MacArthur-Forrest para a extração de minério de ouro - suspendendo o minério triturado em uma solução de cianeto, tornava-se possível extrair até 96 porcento do ouro.

O processo foi empregado em larga escala pela primeira vez em Witwatersrand, em 1890, produzindo um aumento de investimento na medida que novas minas de ouro de larga escala eram abertas. Em 1896, Bodländer confirmou que o oxigéneo era necessário para o processo químico, algo que havia sido questionado por McArthur; descobriu, além disso, que peróxido de hidrogênio era formado como intermediário.

O método conhecido como lixiviação em porção foi proposto originalmente pelo United States Bureau of Mines, em 1969, sendo usado já na década de 1970.

Referências

Ouro

Metalurgia

Extração de ouro