Das Abbotsford Centre (bis 2014 Abbotsford Entertainment & Sports Centre) ist eine Mehrzweckhalle in der kanadischen Großstadt Abbotsford, Provinz British Columbia. Der Eigentümer der Halle ist die Stadt Abbotsford.

Geschichte
Die Stadt plante den Bau einer Mehrzweckhalle, eines Kultur- und eines Gemeindezentrums. Da man dafür die Zustimmung der Bürger der Stadt brauchte, wurde am 25. November 2006 ein Referendum in der Stadt abgehalten. Für den Bau der Veranstaltungsarena stimmten 54,8 Prozent. Auch dem Kultur- (52,3 Prozent) und dem Gemeindezentrum (55,8 Prozent) wurde zugestimmt. Im Juni 2007 startete die Errichtung des Kultur- und des Gemeindezentrums. Am 24. September des Jahres begann der Bau des Abbotsford Entertainment & Sports Centre. Am 10. Mai 2009 wurde die Eröffnung der Halle gefeiert.

Gegenwärtig tragen die Fraser Valley Thunderbirds aus der BC Hockey Major Midget League (BCMML, seit 2018) und die Fraser Valley Bandits der Canadian Elite Basketball League (CEBL, seit 2019) ihre Heimspiele im Centre aus. Ab der Saison 2021/22 soll wieder ein Team der American Hockey League (AHL) aus Abbotsford, in Kooperation mit den Vancouver Canucks, in der Halle spielen. Zuvor trugen die Abbotsford Heat, verbunden mit den Calgary Flames, von 2009 bis 2014 ihre Heimspiele in der Arena aus. Kurzzeitig waren die BC Angels der Legends Football League (LFL) 2012 in der Halle beheimatet, da die Liga nach nur einer Saison aufgelöst wurde.

Kapazität
Die Halle bietet 7000 Sitzplätze inklusive 200 Clubsesseln, 12 Logen-Boxen, 20 Logen und 2 Party-Logen. Zu Konzerte sind es mit Plätzen im Innenraum bis zu 8500 Plätze.

Weblinks

 abbotsfordcentre.ca: Offizielle Website des Abbotsford Centre (englisch)
 setlist.fm: Konzertliste des Abbotsford Centre (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Sporthalle
Mehrzweckhalle
Eishockeystadion in Kanada
Veranstaltungsstätte in Kanada
Sportstätte in British Columbia
Bauwerk in British Columbia
Centre
Centre
Erbaut in den 2000er Jahren
Sportstätte für Basketball in Kanada
Fraser Valley Bandits

Abbotsford Centre


Saša Lukić (în , ; n. 13 august 1996) este un fotbalist sârb care joacă pe postul de mijlocaș pentru clubul italian Torino și pentru echipa națională a Serbiei.

Tinerețe
Saša Lukić s-a născut în Varna, în apropierea orașului Šabac, FR Iugoslavă, la 13 august 1996.

Cariera pe echipe

Partizan
Saša Lukić a început să joace fotbal la Școala de fotbal POFK Savacium din Šabac, înainte de a se alătura lui Partizan în probe în august 2009. El a semnat primul său contract de profesionist pentru club în august 2013, la împlinirea a 17 ani, semnând un acord pe trei ani.

Împrumut la Teleoptik
Pentru a căpăta experiență, Lukić a fost imediat împrumutat la Teleoptik. A fost titular la Teleoptik în sezonul 2013-2014, jucând în 23 de meciuri de campionat și marcând trei goluri, însă clubul nu a reușit să evite retrogradarea.

Întoarcereă la Partizan
La 16 mai 2015, Lukić a debutat pentru Partizan și a jucat întregul meci într-o remiză scor 1-1 cu Novi Pazar. La 17 iulie 2015, a intrat în meciul împotriva lui Metalac, înlocuindu-l pe Ștefan Babović în primul meci din Superliga Serbiei 2015-2016. La 8 august, a marcat primul gol oficial pentru Partizan în minutele de final al victoriei, scor 2-1 cu Spartak Subotica. Două săptămâni mai târziu, a marcat al doilea gol pentru Partizan în deplasare în victoria scor 1-3 cu Borac Čačak. La 26 august 2015, Lukić a debutat în Liga Campionilor UEFA în a returul play-offului împotriva lui BATE Borisov. La 22 octombrie, a jucat primul său meci în grupele UEFA Europa League împotriva lui Athletic Bilbao. În absența unor jucători, el a purtat banderola de căpitan timp de câteva meciuri.

Torino
La 29 iulie 2016, Lukić a fost cumpărat de clubul italian Torino. A debutat în Serie A la 17 octombrie într-o victorie scor 4-1 cu Palermo, înlocuindu-l pe Mirko Valdifiori.

Levante (împrumut)
La 15 august 2017, Lukić a fost împrumutat la echipa de La Liga Levaci UD, timp de un an.

Cariera la națională
Lukić și-a făcut debutul pentru naționala sub 21 de ani a Serbiei în timpul meciurilor de calificare la Campionatul European sub 21 de ani în 2017, intrând din postura de rezervă în meciul câștigat cu 5-0 asupra Lituaniei, la 8 septembrie 2015.

La 7 septembrie 2018, el și-a făcut debutul pentru echipa națională a Serbiei într-o victorie scor 1-0 împotriva Lituaniei.

Stil de joc
Lukić este un jucător rapid, muncitor, versatil, cu viziune, bun pasator și tehnic, capabil să joace și în mai multe poziții, datorită capacității sale de a-și ajuta echipa, atât ofensiv, cât și defensiv. Un jucător de picior drept, el este, de obicei, folosit ca un mijlocaș ofensiv creativ, datorita viziunii sale, paselor precise, tehnicii, având calități utile în atac, adaptându-se rapid la meci și făcând multe sprinturi ofensive.

Statistici privind cariera

Club

 Până pe 11 mai 2019

Titluri

 Partizan

 Superliga Serbiei: 2014-2015
 Cupa Serbiei: 2015-2016

Note

Referințe

Legături externe

Fotbaliști internaționali sârbi
Fotbaliști sârbi
Mijlocași
Nașteri în 1996
Oameni în viață

Saša Lukić


"Hajde da ludujemo" pjesma je hrvatske pjevačice Tajči, objavljena 1990. godine na istoimenom albumu. Pjesma je Tajči donijela slavu na području bivše Jugoslavije.

Pjesmu su napisali Zrinko Tutić i Alka Vuica. Prateće vokale pjeva Milana Vlaović.

Tajči je pjesmom predstavljala tadašnju Jugoslaviju na Pjesmi Eurovizije u Zagrebu 1990. godine. Pjesmu je izvela petnaesta po redu, nakon Francuskinje Joëlle Ursull koja je izvodila pjesmu "White and Black Blues", i prije Portugalkinje Nuche koja je izvodila pjesmu "Há sempre alguém". Na kraju glasanja, dobila je 81 bod, osvajajući tako sedmo mjesto od 22 države. Na sljedećoj Pjesmi Eurovizije 1991. godine, tadašnju Jugoslaviju predstavljala je Bebi Dol s pjesmom "Brazil".

Pjesmom je također pobijedila na Jugoviziji u Zadru 1990. godine.

Izvori

Eurovizijske pjesme
Hrvatske skladbe

Hajde da ludujemo (pjesma)


Ron Moody (født Ronald Moodnick; 8. januar 1924, død 11. juni 2015) var en engelsk skuespiller, sanger, komponist og forfatter.

Han er bedst kendt for rollen som Fagin i musicalen Oliver!, Hvilket han gjorde både på teater og i film (1968) samt Uriah Heep i David Copperfield (1969). Moody var også kendt for sin karakteristiske udseende, som han demonstrerede i musikvideoen til Pet Shop Boys hitsinglem Its a Sin, hvor han spillede en dommer.

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra England
Sangere fra England
Komponister fra England
Forfattere fra England
Personer fra London
Briter i 1900-tallet
Briter i 2000-tallet
Pseudonymer
Oscar-nominerede skuespillere

Ron Moody


Lepontic is an ancient Alpine Celtic language that was spoken in parts of Rhaetia and Cisalpine Gaul (now Northern Italy) between 550 and 100 BC. Lepontic is attested in inscriptions found in an area centered on Lugano, Switzerland, and including the Lake Como and Lake Maggiore areas of Italy. Being a Celtic language, its name could derive from Proto-Celtic *leikwontio- (which also was the basis of Lepontina, which became the modern (Val) Leventina).

While some recent scholarship (e.g. Eska 1998) has tended to consider Lepontic simply as an early outlying form of Gaulish and closely akin to other, later attestations of Gaulish in Italy (Cisalpine Gaulish), some scholars (notably Lejeune 1971) continue to view it as a distinct Continental Celtic language. In this latter view, the earlier inscriptions found within a 50 km radius of Lugano are considered Lepontic, while the later ones, to the immediate south of this area, are considered Cisalpine Gaulish.

Lepontic was assimilated first by Gaulish, with the settlement of Gallic tribes north of the River Po, and then by Latin, after the Roman Republic gained control over Gallia Cisalpina during the late 2nd and 1st century BC.

Classification
Some scholars view (e.g. Lejeune 1971, Koch 2008) Lepontic as a distinct Continental Celtic language. Other scholars (e.g. Evans 1992, Solinas 1995, Eska 1996, McCone 1996, Matasovic 2009) consider it as an early form of Cisalpine Gaulish (or Cisalpine Celtic) and thus a dialect of Gaulish. An earlier view, prevalent for most of the 20th century and until about 1970, regarded Lepontic as a "para-Celtic" western Indo-European language, akin to but not part of Celtic, possibly related to Ligurian (Whatmough 1933 and Pisani 1964). However, Ligurian itself has been considered akin to, but not descended from, Common Celtic, see Kruta 1991 and Stifter 2008.

Referring to linguistic arguments as well as archaeological evidence, Schumacher even considers Lepontic a primary branch of Celtic, perhaps even the first language to diverge from Proto-Celtic. In any case, the Lepontic inscriptions are the earliest attestation of any form of Celtic, and given its very scanty attestation, it is unlikely that debates over how exactly it is to be classified within Celtic will be resolved any time soon to everyone's satisfaction unless further significant finds come to light.

Language

The alphabet

The alphabet of Lugano, based on inscriptions found in northern Italy and Canton Ticino, was used to record Lepontic inscriptions, among the oldest testimonies of any Celtic language, in use from the 7th to the 5th centuries BC. The alphabet has 18 letters, derived from the archaic Etruscan alphabet

The alphabet does not distinguish voiced and unvoiced occlusives, i.e. P represents /b/ or /p/, T is for /t/ or /d/, and K for /g/ or /k/. Z is probably for /ts/. U /u/ and V /w/ are distinguished. Θ is probably for /t/ and X for /g/. There are claims of a related script discovered in Glozel.

Corpus
Lepontic is known from around 140 inscriptions written in the alphabet of Lugano, one of five main Northern Italic alphabets derived from the Etruscan alphabet. Similar scripts were used for writing the Rhaetic and Venetic languages and the Germanic runic alphabets probably derive from a script belonging to this group.

The grouping of all inscriptions written in the alphabet of Lugano into a single language is disputed. Indeed, it was not uncommon in antiquity for a given alphabet to be used to write multiple languages. And, in fact, the alphabet of Lugano was used in the coinage of other Alpine tribes, such as the Salassi, Salluvii, and Cavares (Whatmough 1933, Lejeune 1971).

While many of the later inscriptions clearly appear to be written in Cisalpine Gaulish, some, including all of the older ones, are said to be in an indigenous language distinct from Gaulish and known as Lepontic. Until the publication of Lejeune 1971, this Lepontic language was regarded as a pre-Celtic language, possibly related to Ligurian (Whatmough 1933, Pisani 1964). Following Lejeune 1971, the consensus view became that Lepontic should be classified as a Celtic language, albeit possibly as divergent as Celtiberian, and in any case quite distinct from Cisalpine Gaulish (Lejeune 1971, Kruta 1991, Stifter 2008). Some have gone further, considering Lepontic and Cisalpine Gaulish essentially one and the same (Eska 1998). However, an analysis of the geographic distribution of the inscriptions shows that the Cisalpine Gaulish inscriptions are later and from an area to the south of the earlier (Lepontic) inscriptions, with which they display significant differences as well as similarities.

While the language is named after the tribe of the Lepontii, which occupied portions of ancient Rhaetia, specifically an Alpine area straddling modern Switzerland and Italy and bordering Cisalpine Gaul, the term is currently used by some Celticists (e.g. Eska 1998) to apply to all Celtic dialects of ancient Italy. This usage is disputed by those who continue to view the Lepontii as one of several indigenous pre-Roman tribes of the Alps, quite distinct from the Gauls who invaded the plains of Northern Italy in historical times.

The older Lepontic inscriptions date back to before the 5th century BC, the item from Castelletto Ticino being dated at the 6th century BC and that from Sesto Calende possibly being from the 7th century BC (Prosdocimi, 1991). The people who made these inscriptions are nowadays identified with the Golasecca culture, a Celtic culture in northern Italy (De Marinis 1991, Kruta 1991 and Stifter 2008). The extinction date for Lepontic is only inferred by the absence of later inscriptions.

Funerary inscriptions
These are the most common inscriptions in Lepontic, often including merely the name of the deceased, with or without the word pala "(tomb) stone." Two of the slightly longer ones are included below.

Carcegna vase

metelui maeśelalui uenia metelikna aśmina krasanikna

Probably: "Uenia Metel-ikna [and] Aśmina Krasan-ikna [dedicate this vase] to Metelos Maeśelalos"

Vergiate funeral stone

pelkui pruiam teu karite iśos kalite palam

Probably: "Iśos dedicated (? or sealed?) [this] sacred (? if teu is from *deywo-) pruiam (tomb?) [and] erected (?) [this] stone to/for Pelkos."

The apparent verbal forms karite and kalite seem to show a -t- preterite, a development also seen in Gaulish. The forms may be two distinct verbs both meaning 'call (for); command, order' (Proto-Celtic *kalyo- and *galwo-) in which case the meaning is more like, "Isos called for the sacred pruiam [to be dedicated] and ordered the stone [be erected]." On the other hand, karite may well be cognate with Gaulish karnite "erected, constructed" (further cognates in Celtic include Old Irish carn "tomb, heap of stones" whence through Scottish Gaelic the English word cairn, and the Gaulish place name Carnuntum).

Dedicatory inscriptions

Ornavasso vase

latumarui sapsutai-pe uinom naśom

Probably: "[This] Naxian wine [is dedicated] to Latumaros and Sapsuta"

This inscription is notable for containing the "P-Celtic" form of the Proto-Indo-European conjuctive clitic *-kwe here -pe.

Prestino stone
On epigraphic and archaeological grounds, this inscription is datable to about 480–450 BC.
(See image above.)

uvamakozis plialeθu uvltiauiopos ariuonepos sitis tetu

Probably: "Uvamakozis dedicated (literally 'gave') to Plialethos [these] uvltiaviop-s, arivonep-s [and] sits ("sacred mounds"? see note below)."

Notes:
The name Uvamokozis probably is from Proto-Indo-European *up-mmo-ghostis "having most esteemed guests", the last element developing through Proto-Celtic *gostis with further cognates in Old Church Slavonic gostъ and Gothic gasts. The apparent development of PIE *p to -v- here is of particular interest for understanding the development of this sound in Celtic (lost in most other branches).

The form sitis is probably from PIE *sēdns "seats" an accusative plural; compare Old Irish sid "sacred mound" from "seat (of the gods), and Latin sēdēs).

The final form tetu probably from PIE *deh3- "give", seen also in Old Irish dorat "has given", Gaulish dede and Celt-Iberian tatuz on the first Botorrita plaque.

See also
 Cisalpine Celtic
 Glozel tablets

References

Sources

 Eska, J. F. (1998). "The linguistic position of Lepontic". In Proceedings of the twenty-fourth annual meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society vol. 2, Special session on Indo-European subgrouping and internal relations (February 14, 1998), ed. B. K. Bergin, M. C. Plauché, and A. C. Bailey, 2–11. Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society.
 Eska, J. F., and D. E. Evans. (1993). "Continental Celtic". In The Celtic Languages, ed. M. J. Ball, 26–63. London: Routledge. .

 Prosdocimi, Aldo L. (1986) "L'iscrizione leponzia di Prestino: Vent'anni dopo" Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie Vol.41, p.225
 Prosdocimi, A.L. (1991). "Lingua e scrittura dei primi Celti". In Multiple Authors, I Celti, pp. 50–60, Bompiani.
 Tibiletti Bruno, M. G. (1978). "Ligure, leponzio e gallico". In Popoli e civiltà dell'Italia antica vi, Lingue e dialetti, ed. A. L. Prosdocimi, 129–208. Rome: Biblioteca di Storia Patria.
 Tibiletti Bruno, M. G. (1981). "Le iscrizioni celtiche d'Italia". In I Celti d'Italia, ed. E. Campanile, 157–207. Pisa: Giardini.
 Whatmough, J. (1933). The Prae-Italic Dialects of Italy, vol. 2, "The Raetic, Lepontic, Gallic, East-Italic, Messapic and Sicel Inscriptions", Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press
 Stifter, D. 2020. Cisalpine Celtic. Language, Writing, Epigraphy. Aelaw Booklet 8. Zaragoza: Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza.
 Stifter, D. 2020. «Cisalpine Celtic», Palaeohispanica 20: 335-365.

External links
 Lexicon Leponticum, by David Stifter, Martin Braun, Corinna Salomon, Michela Vignoli et al., University of Vienna – free online lexicon and corpus
 "Languages and Cultures of Ancient Italy. Historical Linguistics and Digital Models", Project fund by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (P.R.I.N. 2017)

Languages attested from the 6th century BC
Languages extinct in the 1st century BC
Continental Celtic languages
Languages of ancient Italy
Extinct languages of Italy
Extinct languages of Europe
Extinct Celtic languages
Golasecca culture

Lepontic language


O Heer (tradução: exército) era o componente de forças terrestres da Wehrmacht, que eram as Forças Armadas Alemãs, de 1935 até que efetivamente deixou de existir em 1945 e foi formalmente dissolvida em agosto de 1946. Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, um total de cerca de 13,6 milhões de soldados serviram no Heer. O pessoal do Heer era composto por voluntários e conscritos.

Apenas 17 meses depois que Adolf Hitler anunciou o programa de rearmamento da Alemanha em 1935, o exército atingiu sua meta projetada de 36 divisões. Durante o outono de 1937, mais dois corpos foram formados. Em 1938, quatro corpos adicionais foram formados com a inclusão das cinco divisões do Exército austríaco após o Anschluss em março. Durante o período de sua expansão sob Hitler, o Exército Alemão continuou a desenvolver conceitos pioneiros durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial, combinando recursos terrestres e aéreos em forças armadas combinadas. Juntamente com métodos operacionais e táticos, como cercos e "batalha de aniquilação", os militares alemães conseguiram vitórias rápidas nos dois anos iniciais da Segunda Guerra Mundial, um novo estilo de guerra descrito como Blitzkrieg (guerra relâmpago) por sua velocidade e poder destrutivo.

Campanhas

A infantaria permaneceu soldados de infantaria durante a guerra; a artilharia também permaneceu principalmente puxada por cavalos. As formações motorizadas receberam muita atenção da imprensa mundial nos primeiros anos da guerra, e foram citadas como o principal motivo do sucesso das invasões alemãs da Polônia (setembro de 1939), Dinamarca e Noruega (1940), Bélgica, França e Holanda (maio de 1940), Iugoslávia (abril de 1941) e os estágios iniciais da Operação Barbarossa, a invasão da União Soviética (junho de 1941). No entanto, suas formações motorizadas e de tanque representavam apenas 20% da capacidade do Heer em sua força máxima. A falta de caminhões do exército (e de petróleo para dirigi-los) limitou severamente o movimento da infantaria, especialmente durante e após a invasão da Normandia, quando o poder aéreo das forças aliadas devastou a rede ferroviária francesa ao norte do Loire. Os movimentos do Panzer também dependiam do trilho, já que dirigir um tanque por longas distâncias desgastava seus rastros.

Equipamentos
Ao contrário da crença popular, o exército alemão na Segunda Guerra Mundial não era um rolo compressor mecanizado como um todo. Em 1941, entre 60% e 70% de suas forças não eram motorizadas, contando com a ferrovia para movimentação rápida e o transporte puxado a cavalo pelo país. A porcentagem de motorização diminuiu depois disso. Em 1944, aproximadamente 85% não era motorizado. O uniforme padrão usado pelo exército alemão consistia em uma túnica e calças Feldgrau (cinza), e um capacete Stahlhelm.

Bibliografia

Exército alemão (1935-1945)
Exércitos dissolvidos
História militar da Alemanha durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial

Heer (Wehrmacht)


Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmoud al Qosi () (born July 1960) is a Sudanese militant and paymaster for al-Qaeda. Qosi was held from January 2002 in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba.
His Guantanamo Internment Serial Number is 54.

Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmoud al Qosi was held at Guantanamo for approximately ten years and six months; he was charged with low-level support of al-Qaeda. After pleading guilty in a plea bargain in 2010, in the first trial under the military commissions, and serving a short sentence, Qosi was transferred to Sudan by the Obama Administration in July 2012. He was to be held in custody and participate in Sudan's re-integration program for former detainees before being allowed to return to his hometown.

Some years after his release, Al Qosi moved to Yemen and joined Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), appearing in video releases by the group and reportedly taking a leadership role in it.

In November 2019, the Rewards for Justice Program offered $4 million for information leading to the identification or location of Al Qosi.

Background

Ibrahim Al Qosi was born in 1960 in Atbara, Sudan. He has a brother named Abdullah.
He is married to one of Abdullah Tabarak's daughters, and has two daughters.

In 1990, Qosi was recruited by Sudanese jihadists and later traveled to Afghanistan via UAE and Pakistan, where he trained at a training camp outside of Khost. Two years later, he returned to Khartoum and worked in currency trading. In 1995, he went to Chechnya via Syria, Azerbaijan and Dagestan, where he fought in the First Chechen War as a mortar operator. A year later, he went back to Afghanistan where he aided in the fight against the Northern Alliance from 1998 to 2001. However, he was captured by the Pakistani authorities while trying to cross the Afghan-Pakistani borders on 15 December 2001 near Parachinar, Pakistan. Then he was detained in a prison in Peshawar until 27 December, before being held in US custody at a Kandahar detention facility. Later on, he was transferred to Guantanamo on 13 January 2002.

Qosi was the first captive to face charges before a Guantanamo military commission. He was not accused of being a member of al Qaeda's leadership, only of simple support tasks, like cooking. After pleading guilty in a plea bargain, he was sentenced in July 2010. He was transferred to Sudan in July 2012 after completing a shortened sentence, and was to participate in Sudan's re-integration program for former detainees.

Official status reviews

Originally the Bush Presidency asserted that captives apprehended in the "war on terror" were not covered by the Geneva Conventions, and could be held indefinitely, without charge, and without an open and transparent review of the justifications for their detention.
In 2004, the United States Supreme Court ruled, in Rasul v. Bush, that Guantanamo captives were entitled to being informed of the allegations justifying their detention, and were entitled to try to refute them.

Office for the Administrative Review of Detained Enemy Combatants

Following the Supreme Court's ruling the Department of Defense set up the Office for the Administrative Review of Detained Enemy Combatants.
A summary of evidence memo listing allegations justifying his detention was prepared for his Combatant Status Review Tribunal on September 4, 2004.

Scholars at the Brookings Institution, led by Benjamin Wittes, listed the captives still
held in Guantanamo in December 2008, according to whether their detention was justified by certain
common allegations:

 Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmoud al Qosi was listed as one of the captives who had faced charges before a military commission.
 Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmoud al Qosi was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges ... are members of Al Qaeda."
 Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmoud al Qosi was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges ... traveled to Afghanistan for jihad."
 Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmoud al Qosi was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges ... took military or terrorist training in Afghanistan."
 Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmoud al Qosi was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges ... fought for the Taliban."
 Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmoud al Qosi was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges ... were at Tora Bora."
 Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmoud al Qosi was listed as one of the captives who was an "al Qaeda operative".
 Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmoud al Qosi was listed as one of the captives "who have been charged before military commissions and are alleged Al Qaeda operatives."
 Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmoud al Qosi was listed as one of the "82 detainees [who] made no statement to CSRT or ARB tribunals or made statements that do not bear materially on the military's allegations against them."

Habeas petition
A petition of habeas corpus was filed on Al Qosi's behalf. Following the United States Supreme Court's ruling in Rasul v. Bush (2004) that detainees had the right under habeas corpus to an impartial tribunal to challenge their detention, more than 200 captives had habeas corpus petitions filed on their behalf. Congress passed the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 (DTA) and the Military Commissions Act of 2006 (MCA) at the request of the Bush administration, which suspend their access to the US civilian justice system and shift all responsibility to military tribunals.

In September 2007, the Department of Defense published the unclassified dossiers arising from the Combatant Status Review Tribunals of 179 captives. The Department of Defense withheld the unclassified documents from Al Qosi's Tribunal without explanation.

On June 12, 2008, in its landmark ruling in the Boumediene v. Bush habeas corpus petition, the United States Supreme Court determined that the MCA was unconstitutional for attempting to deprive the captives' of their constitutional right to habeas corpus. It ruled that detainees could access the US federal courts directly.

Formerly secret Joint Task Force Guantanamo assessment

On April 25, 2011, whistleblower organization WikiLeaks published formerly secret assessments drafted by Joint Task Force Guantanamo analysts.
Al-Qosi's assessment was eleven pages long, and was drafted on November 15, 2007.
It was signed by camp commandant Mark H. Buzby.  The report noted that al-Qosi had been "compliant and non-hostile to the guard force and staff."

Charged before military commissions

On February 24, 2004, al Qosi was named in documents for the first military commissions to be held for detainees. The U.S. alleged that he joined al-Qaeda in 1989 and worked as a driver and bodyguard for Osama bin Laden, as well as working as a quartermaster for al-Qaeda. He was also alleged to have been the treasurer of a business which was an al-Qaida front.

He was indicted along with Ali Hamza Ahmed Sulayman al Bahlul. The indictment allowed the detainees to consult with military defense lawyers assigned by the government to prepare their defenses. Al Qosi was charged with conspiracy to commit war crimes, including attacking civilians, murder, destruction of property, and terrorism.

Lieutenant Colonel Sharon Shaffer USAF (Judge Advocates Group) was appointed as al Qosi's defense lawyer on February 6, 2004.

On August 27, 2004 Shaffer complained that the Prosecution was not providing her with the information she needed for her defense of al Qosi. She said that al Qosi had informed her that the quality of translation at his military commission was insufficient for him to understand what was happening. She told the Tribunal that she had to resign as al Qosi's attorney.

According to the Voice of America, Chief Prosecutor Colonel Robert L. Swann assured the commission that: "...all resources will be devoted to obtaining the most accurate translations possible."

On November 9, 2004, legal action against Qosi was suspended, The US District Court Justice James Robertson had ruled, in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, that the military commissions violated international agreements to which the United States was a signatory, including part of the Geneva Conventions. This ruling applied to all four of the detainees who had been charged by the military commission.

In 2005, a three-judge appeals panel overturned Robertson's ruling, setting the commissions back in motion. In Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006),  the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the president lacked the constitutional authority to establish military the military commissions, and that only Congress could do so. Congress subsequently passed the Military Commissions Act of 2006, which included provisions to suspend the access of detainees to habeas corpus in the US courts.

On February 9, 2008, al Qosi and Ali Hamza Suleiman Al Bahlul were charged before the Congressionally authorized Guantanamo military commissions authorized by the Military Commissions Act of 2006.

Phoning home
 Ibrahim al Qosi was among those who was granted access to telephone privileges.
On May 22, 2008, Lieutenant Colonel Nancy Paul, the Presiding Officer of his Commission ordered that Ibrahim al Qosi be permitted his first phone call home. While it was reported that the phone call was made, this was in error. Qosi had declined to leave his cell to meet with Commander Suzanne Lachelier, his assigned legal counsel, and the Camp's security rules do not permit her going to his cell to talk to him—so they have never discussed his case. During a preliminary hearing, Ibrahim Al Qosi told Paul he does not want to be represented by an American lawyer. He said that he had been unable to hire the lawyer of his choice because he had been isolated in Guantanamo, and had been unable to contact his family since his detention.

Later that day, Commander Pauline Storum, a Guantanamo spokesman, reported that the call had been completed, and that he had spoken with his family for an hour.

On May 23, 2008, Storum sent an apology by e-mail to reporters to retract her claim the phone call had been completed.

I misspoke when I confirmed that al Qosi's call was complete. In clarifying the current status of the detainee phone program, I misunderstood the information I was given, and inaccurately conveyed that al Qosi's call was completed.

I apologize for the error.

Ibrahim al-Qosi's appointed counsel, Suzanne Lachelier, told Carol Rosenberg, of the Miami Herald, that she was surprised to learn, through press reports, that the call had been completed.  She said she had only begun to initiate the co-ordination with the Red Cross to arrange for his family to be set up to receive the call when she learned the call had already been completed. According to Rosenberg:

The original statement Thursday struck some observers as extraordinary -- for both its speed and the coordination between the separate bureaucracies of the prison camp and the war court.

The Department of Defense had until July 1, 2008, to arrange the phone call.

The US Supreme Court ruled in Boumediene v. Bush (2008) that the Military Commissions Act of 2006 was unconstitutional, as it suspended the right of habeas corpus of detainees. Military commissions were suspended.

July 2009 hearing

On July 15, 2009, al Qosi had his first hearing that year.
According to Carol Rosenberg, writing in the Lakeland Ledger, the electronic audio management equipment the court had been supplied with in 2008 initially failed to function properly. Rosenberg reported that al Qosi's defense team was concerned that the Prosecution was imposing improper delays, and noted they had told the Presiding Officer.

Continuance
The Barack Obama Presidency was granted a continuance on October 21, 2009. Congress had amended the MCA, passing the Military Commissions Act of 2009, and the Department of Defense needed to create regulations to implement it. The military commissions for five other captives were granted continuances, until November 16, 2009. Ibrahim al Qosi did not attend this hearing.

New charges rejected, status determination scheduled
On December 3, 2009, Paul ruled that the charges against Al Qosi should be limited to crimes he was alleged to have committed in Afghanistan. She ruled that crimes he was alleged to have committed when al Qaeda was based in Sudan were beyond the mandate of the military commission system.

Carol Rosenberg, writing in the Miami Herald, reported that Paul scheduled hearings for January 6, 2010, to determine whether Al Qosi met the eligibility criteria as an illegal enemy combatant as laid out in the Military Commissions Act of 2006. Only if he was classified under that status would the military commission have jurisdiction to try him. Rosenberg described Paul as the first Presiding Officer of a Military Commission to address the changes that US Congress set in place when passing the Military Commissions Act of 2009.

Andrea Prasow, a senior counsel with Human Rights Watch, was critical of Paul for proceeding with the Commission, although the government had not completed drafting the rules of procedure under the act.

Guilty Plea
On July 7, 2010, al Qosi entered a guilty plea under a plea bargain deal, the details of which have not been publicly released. His sentencing was set for August 9, 2010. On August 11, 2010, a military jury at Guantanamo recommended that al-Qosi serve 14 years in prison.

Appeal dismissed
Other individuals who, like al-Qosi, had pleaded guilty to "providing material support for terrorism", had their convictions overturned on appeal.
Appeals courts ruled that the charge was not a crime at the time the acts were committed. In 2014, Al-Qosi's military-appointed lawyer, Mary McCormick, attempted to have al-Qosi's conviction overturned, following the precedent of the over-turning the convictions of other men convicted of the same charge.  The United States Court of Military Commission Review first declined to provide funds for McCormick to travel to Sudan to consult with al-Qosi, and then ruled that she could not prove she had an attorney-client relationship, on his behalf.  Finally, the USCMCR ruled that since McCormick couldn't prove she had an attorney-client relationship she wasn't authorized to file motions on al-Qosi's behalf.  On May 1, 2015, three Judges of the DC Circuit Court of Appeals confirmed that McCormick couldn't prove she had an attorney-client relationship.

Steve Vladeck, a professor of Law who specializes in security matters, described the decision by the USCMCR to withhold funds from McCormick so she could renew contact with al-Qosi because she could not document that she remained in contact with him as "somewhat circular".

Repatriation
When al Qosi was transferred to Sudan by the Obama Administration on July 11, 2012, his lawyer Paul Reichler said al Qosi will enter a Sudan government "re-integration program:"

al Qosi was held in Sudan's capital, Khartoum, during the initial period of his re-integration.  He was eventually transferred to his home town of Afbara. Nine other former Guantanamo detainees went through the reintegration program with no sign of recidivism.

Recidivism
In December 2015, al Qosi (as Sheikh Khubayb al Sudani) was featured in a video released by al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, which he reportedly joined in 2014. The footage showed him and other al-Qaeda veterans encouraging "individual jihad".

He gave a 12-page interview on the life and legacy of Osama bin Laden in the AQAP magazine "Inspire" Spring 2016 issue (#15).

In October 2021, Qosi threatened the United States with attacks and praised Nidal Hasan.

See also
 List of fugitives from justice who disappeared

References

External links
 "Bin Laden's cook is moved to isolation in Gitmo", Al Arabiya, 10 October 2010
 "Military Commissions", Human Rights First blog
Human Rights First; The Case of Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmoud al Qosi, Sudan, Human Rights First
"Former bin Laden cook reaches secret sentencing deal with U.S. government", Washington Post, 9 August 2010
"Bin Laden Cook Accepts Plea Deal at Guantánamo Trial" Andy Worthington, 8 July 2010
"Sentencing of detainee stalls at Guantanamo", Washington Post'', August 2010

1960 births
Living people
Al-Qaeda leaders
Sudanese al-Qaeda members
People from Khartoum
Detainees of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp
Fugitives
Sudanese expatriates in Pakistan

Ibrahim al Qosi


Baron Hankey, of The Chart in the County of Surrey, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1939 for the civil servant Sir Maurice Hankey, Cabinet Secretary from 1920 to 1938. His eldest son, the second Baron, was a diplomat and served as British Ambassador to Sweden between 1954 and 1960.  the title is held by the latter's eldest son, the third Baron, who succeeded in 1996. He is an architect.

Donald Hankey, brother of the first Baron, was a soldier best known for two volumes of essays about the British volunteer army in the First World War. The Hon. Henry Hankey, third son of the first Baron, was British Ambassador to Panama between 1966 and 1969.

Baron Hankey (1939)
Maurice Pascal Alers Hankey, 1st Baron Hankey (1877–1963)
Robert Maurice Alers Hankey, 2nd Baron Hankey (1905–1996)
Donald Robin Alers Hankey, 3rd Baron Hankey (b. 1938)

The heir presumptive to the title is the present holder's younger brother, the Hon. Alexander Maurice Alers Hankey (b. 1947).

References

Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.

Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1939
1939 establishments in the United Kingdom

Baron Hankey


John Edward Daly (1891–1916; ) was commandant of Dublin's 1st battalion during the Easter Rising of 1916. He was the youngest man to hold that rank, and the youngest executed in the aftermath.

Background
Born as John Edward Daly at 26 Frederick Street (now O'Curry street), Limerick, on 25 February 1891, Daly was the only son among the ten children born to Edward and Catherine Daly (née O'Mara). He was the younger brother of Kathleen Clarke, wife of Tom Clarke, and an active member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB). His father, Edward, was a Fenian (IRB member) who died five months before his son's birth at the age of forty-one. His uncle was John Daly, a prominent republican who had taken part in the Fenian Rising and Fenian Dynamite Campaign. It was through John Daly that Clarke had met his future wife.

He was educated by the Presentation Sisters at Sexton Street, the Congregation of Christian Brothers at Roxboro Road and at Leamy's commercial college. He spent a short time as an apprentice baker in Glasgow, before returning to Limerick to work in Spaight's timber yard. He later moved to Dublin where he eventually took up a position with a wholesale chemists. In 1913 he moved to Dublin where he lived with Kathleen and Tom Clarke.

Political involvement
Although Daly's membership of the IRB is certain, it is not known when he joined the organisation. In November 1913 Daly joined the newly founded Irish Volunteers. He soon reached the rank of captain. He was assiduous in his study of military manuals and the professionalism of his company gained the admiration of senior officers in actions such as the Howth gun-running of 1914. In March 1915, he was promoted to the rank of commandant of the 1st Battalion. Like many other of the rising's leaders Daly was a member of the Keating branch of the Gaelic League.

The Easter Rising
Daly's battalion, stationed in the Four Courts and areas to the west and north of the centre of Dublin, saw the most harsh fighting of the rising. He was forced to surrender his battalion on 29 April by Patrick Pearse. He was court martialed under the Defence of the Realm Act 1914 and executed by firing squad on 4 May 1916, at the age of 25.

The men in his battalion spoke of him as a good leader. This opinion was also shared by a British officer that Daly's battalion had captured.

Bray railway station was renamed Bray Daly railway station in his honour in 1966.

References

 Litton, Helen, Edward Daly, Dublin: O'Brien Press, 2013

External links

1891 births
1916 deaths
Irish revolutionaries
Executed participants in the Easter Rising
Executed people from County Limerick
Military personnel from Limerick (city)
Members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood

Edward Daly (Irish revolutionary)


Zwetomir Zonkow (auch Cvetomir Conkov, Tsvetomir Tsonkov geschrieben, ; * 25. Juni 1981 in Schumen, Bulgarien) ist ein bulgarischer Fußballspieler.

Karriere
Die Karriere von Zonkow begann im Jahr 2000 bei PFK Schumen. Über Swetkawiza Targowischte kam er im Jahr 2006 zum FC Tschernomorez Burgas. Er spielte für den Verein bis Mitte 2013 in der A Grupa, der höchste bulgarischen Liga. Er schloss sich anschließend dem Lokalrivalen FK Neftochimik an, der gerade in die A Grupa aufgestiegen war. Anfang 2014 verließ er den Klub wieder und heuerte beim FC Burgas an, der in der W Grupa, der dritten bulgarischen Liga, spielte. Mit seiner neuen Mannschaft stieg er im Jahr 2014 in die B Grupa auf. Anfang 2015 kehrte er zu Tschernomorez zurück, der in der Zwischenzeit ebenfalls in der B Grupa spielte. Mit dem Klub musste er am Ende der Saison 2014/15 absteigen. Er verließ den Verein und heuerte bei PFK Nessebar in der W Grupa an, mit dem er im Jahr 2016 aufstieg. Im Sommer 2017 wechselte er zu Oborischte Panagjurischte, ehe er Anfang 2018 zu Neftochimik zurückkehrte. Am Ende der Saison 2017/18 stieg er mit der Mannschaft aus der B Grupa ab.

Weblinks

Fußballspieler (Swetkawiza Targowischte)
Fußballspieler (FC Tschernomorez Burgas)
Fußballspieler (FK Neftochimik)
Fußballspieler (PFK Nessebar)
Bulgare
Geboren 1981
Mann

Zwetomir Zonkow


අනාථවන අලි ඇතූන් රැක බලාගනු ලබන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ එකම මධ්‍යස්ථානය පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරයයි. මෙය කෑගල්ල දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ රඹුක්කන නගරයේ පින්නවල ප්‍රදේශයේ පිහිටුවා තිබේ. මාර්ග අංක A 01 දරන කොළඹ නුවර මහා මාර්ගයේ කෑගල්ලේ සිට 82km කණුව අසලින් හැරී උපරිම වශයෙන් 10km ගිය විට පින්නවල හමුවේ. දුම්රියෙන් ගමන් කිරීමේදී රඹුක්කන දුම්රිය ස්ථානයේ සිට කෑගල්ල  දෙසට 2km පමණ ගිය විට අලි අනාථාගාරය හමුවේ. අලි ඇතුන් සම්බන්ධව ඡීවී කෞතුකාගාරයක්, ප්‍රදර්ශනාගාරයක් මෙන්ම සංරක්ෂනාගාරයක් ලෙස සුවිශේෂී වැදගත්කමක් දැරීම හේතුකොටගෙන පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරය දේශීයව මෙන්ම විදේශීයව ද ඉමහත් ප්‍රසිද්ධියක් උසුළයි. සත්වෝද්‍යාන දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව යටතේ පාලනය වන මෙම පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරය අලි ඇතුන් සම්බන්ධව සිදුකරන සේවාව හැරුණු විට දේශීය හා විදේශීය සංචාරකයන් ඇදී එන ප්‍රධාන සංචාරක කේන්ද්‍රස්ථානයක් ද වේ. එමනිසා පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරය ලංකාවට විදේශ විණිමය ලබා දෙන සංචාරක කේන්ද්‍රයක් ලෙසද වැදගත් තැනක් ගනී.

පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරයේ ආරම්භය හා වර්ධනය
වනයේ හමුවන අනාථ වූ අලි ඇතුන්ගේ ජීවත්වීමේ අවස්ථාව තහවුරු කිරීම පිණිස 1975 දී වනඡීවී සංරක්ෂණ දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව විසින් අක්කර 25 ක භුමි භාගයක පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරය ආරම්භ කරන ලදී. 1987 වසරේ දී මෙය ජාතික සත්වෝද්‍යාන දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවට පවරාගත් අතර 1982 දි  සත්ව අභිජනන වැඩසටහන ආරම්භ කරන ලදී. අලි අනාථාගාරයක් ලෙස මෙය ආරම්භ කිරීමේදී අලි ඇතුන්ගේ වාසයට සුදුසු වූ දේශගුණික ස්ථානයක් තෝරාගනු ලැබුණි. තෙත් භූගෝලීය කලාපයට අයත් වන මෙම ප්‍රදේශය ඝර්ම කලාපීය වනාන්තර වලින් යුත් කඳු වලල්ලකින් වටවී තිබීම දැකගත හැකි වෙයි. හෙක්ටයාර 9කින් යුත් පොල් වගා බිමක් තුල මෙය ස්ථාපිත කර ඇති අතර ආරම්භයේදී අලි 5 දෙනෙකුගෙන් සමන්විතව මෙය ආරම්භ කරන ලද්දේ අලි අනාථාගාරයක් මෙන්ම ප්‍රදර්ශනාගාරයක් ද වශයෙනි. නමුත්ආරම්භයේ දී තිබූ ප්‍රධාන ගැටළුව වූයේ සංචාරකයින් මෙය නැරඹීමට එයිද? යන්නයි.  ප්‍රධාන මාර්ගයට තරමක් ඈතින් පිහිටා තිබීම ඊට හේතු විය. නොයෙක් හේතු සාධකයන්හි බලපෑමෙන් අනාථභාවයට පත්වූ අලි ඇතුන්ට රැකවරණය සැලසීම මෙම මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ මුඛ්‍ය පරමාර්ථය බවට පත්ව තිබේ . මෙහි ගෙන එන්නට හේතු වන්නාවූ අලි ඇතුන් අනාථභාවයට පත්වූ ආකාර කිහිපයක් හඳූණාගත හැකි වෙයි.

ස්වාභාවික හේතු නිසා කුඩා කල අනාථභාවයට පත්වීම
මව් ඇතින්නිය මියයාම
මිනිසුන්ගේ අකාරුණික භාවය හා කෲර ක්‍රීයාකාරකම්

ලෝකයේ ඇතිදැඩිවන විශාලතම අලි රංචුවේ නිවහන ලෙස පින්නවල වැදගත් වන අතර විවිධ වයස් ප්‍රමාණ වලට අයත් විශාල අලි ප්‍රමාණයක් එකවර දැකගත හැකි ලෝකයේ එකම ස්ථානය වශයෙන් මෙය සුවිශේෂී වේ. ඉහත දැක්වූ පරිදි විවිධ හේතූන් නිසා අනාථවන අලි ඇතුන් වනඡීවී සංරක්ෂණ දෙපාර්ත මේන්තුව විසින් මෙම ස්ථානයට භාරදීමෙන් අනතුරුව ඔවුන් රැක බලා ගන්නට කටයුතු කරන අතර‍ම මහඡනයාට නැරඹීමට ද ඉඩකඩ සලසා දෙයි. පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරය ඡීවීකෞතුකාගාරයක් ලෙස දැක්විය හැකි අතරම පර්යේෂණාගාරයක් වශයෙන්ද වැදගත් වේ. තවද මෙහි කලින් කලට අලිි ඇතුන් උප්පත්තිය ලබන බැවින් අලි අභිජනනය කරන මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් වශයෙන් ද මෙය වැදගත් වේ. පරිභාහිර සත්ව සංරක්ෂණ මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් ලෙස ක්‍රියාත්මක වන පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගරය 1982  වර්ෂයේදී  සත්ව අභිජනන වැඩසටහන ආරම්භ කළ අතර මෙම වැඩසටහන සාර්ථකත්වයට පත්කරමින් 1984 වර්ෂයේදී පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරයේ ප්‍රථම අලි උපත ලෙස විජය අලියාට හා කුමාරි  කෙනෙරට දාව සුකුමලී  පැටවා බිහි විය. එමෙන්ම  මෑතකදී පින්නවල  අලි අනාථාගාර ඉතිහාසයට නව්‍ය පරිච්ජේදයක් එක් කරමින්  අගෝස්තු මස 31 වන දින අවුරුදු 25 වියේ පසු වන සුරංගි කෙනෙර නිවුන් අලි පැටවුන්  දෙදෙනකු බිහි කළ අතර එය පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරයේ  ප්‍රථම නිවුන් උපත ලෙස සනිටුහන්වේ. එමෙන්ම ආසියාවේ සාර්ථක අභිජනන මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් ලෙස කැපී පෙනෙන පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරයේ මේ වන විට අලි උපත් 75ක් සිදුව ඇති අතර පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරයේ රැකවරණය ලබන මෙම අලි ඇතුන් වෙත ස්වභාවික පරිසරයට සමාන පරිසරයක් පැවතීම  මෙයට හේතු සාධක වී ඇත.  මෙවැනි විවිධ හේතු සාධක නිසා පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරය පිළිබඳව සැලකිය යූතු පරිදි පර්යේෂණ වාර්තා ගණනාවක් හා පොත්පත් විශාල ප්‍රමාණයක් විවිධ භාෂා ඔස්සේ ලියවී තිබේ. අනාථාගාරයේ දී සත්ත්ව සුභසාධනය නැමති ප්‍රශ්නයට අදාලව ලියවුණු "Born Free Foundation" නැමති වාර්තාවට විෂය වූයේ පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරය වේ.

දෛනික කාලසටහන

දෛනික කාලසටහන ක්‍රියාත්මක වන ආකාරය

උදෑසන 8.30 ට නරඹන්නන් සඳහා විවෘත කරනු  ලබන අලි අනාථාගාරය තුල මුලින්ම සිදුකරනු ලබන්නේ  අලි ඇතුන් ඛගාල් තුල සිටියදීම ඔවුන්ට ආහාරසැපයීමයි. මෙහිදී කුඩා පැටවුතන්ටකිරි පෙවීම පෙ.ව.9.15ට ආරම්භ කෙරෙන අතර වැඩුණු අලින්ට ආහාර සඳහා කොළ අතු ගාල් තුලට සපයා දෙයි. පෙ.ව.10.00ටඅලින් දිය නෑම පිණිස මහ ඔයට ගෙනයාම සඳහා ඇති විශේෂ මාර්ගයෙන් නරඹන්නන්  ඉවත් කරනු ලැබේ.අලි ඇතුන් එකා පිටුපස එකා වශයෙන් ගමන් කරමින් මහ ඔය වෙත යති.යම් අවස්ථාවක අලියෙක් පේලියෙන් ඉවත් වුවහොත්නැවත පෙර සිටි ස්ථානයටම පැමිණීම දක්නට ලැබෙ. හොඳින් හීලෑ වූ අලි ඇතුන් මෙසේ ගෙනයනු ලැබුව ද සමහර ප්‍රචණ්ච කාරී අලින් ගෙන යනු ලබන්නේ රංචුවම ගෙන යාමෙන් අනතුරුව පාද වලට විලංගු දැමීම වැනි ආරක්ෂක  පියවරයන් අනුගමනය කරමිනි.

අලි රංචුව දිය නෑම පිණිස  ගෙනයනු ලබන්නේ මහ ඔය වෙතය. විශාලත්වයෙන් හා ඡල ප්‍රමාණයෙන් ලංකාවේ ගංගා අතර 3 වන ස්ථානය හිමිකරගන්නා මහ ඔයේ පතුල ගල් තලාවකින් යුක්ත වන අතර එය අලින්ට දිය නෑම සඳහා කදිම තටාකයකි.නොවැම්බර් හා ඡූනි මාසවල දින කිහිපයක් හැරුණුවිට මහ ඔයෙහි ඡල මට්ටම 1/2 m ක් පමණ වේ.මෙය අලින්ට සුදුසු මට්ටමයි. පෙබරවාරි , ඡූලි , අගෝස්තු  වැනි වියලි මාසවල පවා අලින්ට උවමනා තරම් ඡල ප්‍රමාණයක් මහ ඔයේ ඇත.

ඔයට ගෙනයනු ලබන අලින් එකවර ඡලයට මුදාහරිනු ලබන අතර උන් සියලු දෙනා එකම ස්ථානයක රඳවා ගැනීමටත් රංචුවෙන් ඉවත් වී ඈතට යාම වැලැක්වීමටත් අලි බලන්නන් ඔයේ තැනින් තැනසිටිති.  පැය 1 1/2ක් පමණ කාලයක් අලින්ට උවමණා පමණ ඡලයේ සිටීමට ඉඩ දීමෙන් අනතුරුව ඇත් ගොව්වන් විසින් උන් නාවනු ලබති.  දිය නෑවීමෙන් අනතුරුව ප.ව.12.00 ට පමණ සියලුම අලි ඇතුන් නැවත රැගෙනයනු ලබන අතර දිවා කාලය තුල උන් ගාල් කරනු ලබන්නේ අලි අනාථාගාරය තුල පහිටි පොල්වත්ත තුලය. මෙහිදී නැවතත් අලි ඇතුන්ට ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය සපයනු ලැබේ.

අලිඇතුන් වැඩිපුර ඡලයට ප්‍රිය කරන්නාවූ සත්ව කොට්ටාශයකි.  එමසා දිනකට දෙවරක් උන් මහඔය වෙත ගෙනයනු ලබති. එමගින් උන්ට දහවල් කාලයේදී  දැනෙන උෂ්ණත්ව ය අවම කර ගත හැක.  මෙසේ ප.ව  2.00 ට නැවත අලි රංචුව මහ ඔය වෙත ගෙන යාමෙන් අනතුරුව නැවත උන් ගාල් වෙත ගෙන එනු ලබන්නේ ප.ව. 4.00 ටය අලිඇතුන් සෑම එකෙක්ම තමාට නියමිත කුටිය හඳුනති. ප.ව. 5.00 ට  ගාල් වෙත ගෙන එනු ලැබූ අලින්ට ආහාර ලබා දීමට කටයුතු කරන අතර පව 5.30ට නරඹන්න් සඳහා ප්‍රවේශ පත්‍ර නිකුත් කිරීම නවත්වනු ලැබේ.  ප.ව.  6.00 ට නරඹන්නන් සඳහා අලි අනාථාගාරය වසා දමනු ලබයි.

අලි අනාථාගාරයේ ප්‍රධාන ක්‍රියාකාරකම්

අලි ඇතුන් රැක බලා ගනීම
පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරයේ සිටින අලි ඇතුන් වර්ග 2 කට  වෙන්කර දැක්විය හැක.

මෙහිම උපත ලද අලි ඇතුන්
අනාථ වී ගෙන එනු ලැබූ අලි ඇතුන්

මෙම  දෙකොටසටම අයත් අලින් සඳහා යොදනු ලබන අවධානය එකිනෙකට වෙනස් ය. මෙහිම උපත ලබන අලින්ට මව් සෙනෙහස හා මවගේ ආරක්ෂාව ලැබෙන නිසා එවැනි අලින්ට වඩා විශේෂ අවධානයක් යොමුකරනු ලබන්නේ අනාථ වී ගෙන එනු ලබන අලි ඇතුන් කෙරෙහිය. මේ අතුරින් ආභාධිත තත්වයට පත්වූ අලින්ට සුවිශේෂී අවධානයක් යොමු කරනු ලැබේ. අනාථ වී අලි පැටවෙක්ගෙන ආ විට ඇත් ගොව්වන් දෙදෙනෙක් වෙන්කර පැටවා හුරු කරවීමසිදු කරයි. මෙම දෙකොටසටම අයත් අලින් හීලෑ කිරීම උදෙසා වචන  මඟින් හැසිරවීමේ  සංඥා ක්‍රමයකට හුරු කරවනු ලැ‍බේ.

අලි ඇතුන් රැක බලා ගැනීමේ දීආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය සැපයීම දවැගත් වේ. අලින්ගේ ප්‍රධාන ආහාරය වන්නේකිතුල් ගසේ කොටස් ය. කිතුල් ගසේ බොඩය සහ අතු යන කොටස් දෙකම අලින් ආහාරයට ගනිති. මීට අමතරව පොල් අතු, කොස් අතු වැනි අතු වර්ග ද ආහාර වශයෙන් සපයනු ලබයි.

අලි ඇතුන් ආහාර වශයෙන් කොළ අතු වලට පමණක් සීමා නොවෙති. කෙසෙල් ගෙඩි උක් දඞු පැණි කොමඩු අන්නාසි වැනි පළතුරු වලට ද කැමැත්තක්  දක්වති. පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාර යේ වසන අලිඇතුන් සඳහා කොළ අතු සපයාගනු ලබන්නේ ටෙන්ඩර් ක්‍රමයක් මගිනි.ටෙන්ඩර් කැඳවා වාර්ෂික සැපයුම් කරුවකු තෝරා ගන්නා අතර ඔහු විසින් මුළඵවර්ෂය පුරාම කොළඅතු සැපයිය යුතුය.
සැපයුම් කරු විසින්  මෙම ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය නියමිත ප්‍රමාණයෙතන් හා නියමිත වේලාවට ලබා දිය යුතුය.ඔහුට ගෙවීම් කරනු ලබන්නේ චෙක්පත් මගිනි.

අලි ඇතුන් රැක බලා ගැනීමේදී ආහාර ලබාදීම හැරුණුවිට රෝග වලට ප්‍රථිකාර සැපයීම ද වැදගත් වේ. අලි ඇතුන්ට බහුලව වැලඳෙන්නේ ආහාර මාර්ගය ආශ්‍රිත රෝගයන්ය. මෙහිදී කොකු පණු රෝග හාවට පණු රෝග ප්‍රධාන තැනක් ගනීමීට අමතරව බැක්ටීරියා ආසාධන,  ඇස්වල ආසාධන ආදිය හේතුකොටගෙන සෑදෙන රෝග දැකිය හැකි වේ. වෛරස මගින් ඡලභීතිකාව වැනි රෝග ද බැක්ටීරියා මගින් ක්ෂය රෝගය ද බැක්ටීරීයා, දිලීර, ප්‍රොටොසෝවා මිශ්‍ර රෝග කාරකයන් මගින් පාදවල ඇඟිලි කුණුවීම වැනි රෝගී තත්ව ඇතිවේ. අලි ඇතුන්ගේ සෞඛ්‍ය තත්වය නිසි පරිදි පවත්වා ගැනීම සඳහා අලි අනාථාගාරය විිධිමත් පියවර ගෙන තීබේ. මේ සඳහා අලි අනාථාගාරයෙහි විශේෂ වෛද්‍ය වරයෙක් පත්කර තිබේ. බොහෝ දුරට මිනිසුන් සඳහා භාවිත කරනු ලබන ඖෂධ වර්ග අලි ඇතුන් සඳහා ද භාවිත කරනු ලැබේ.අවශ්‍ය ඖෂධ ගබඩා කොට තබාගෙන ප්‍රයෝඡනයට ගැනේ.

සෞඛ්‍ය සම්බන්ධව කතා කිරීමේ දී ප්‍රඡනනය ද වැදගත් වේ. අලින්ගේ මද කිපීම මාස 2ත් 3ත් අතර කාලයක් පුරා පවතී. බොහෝ විට නොවැම්බර්,  දෙසැම්බර් මාසවල මෙය සිදුවේ. ඇතින්නියකගේ ගැබ් කාලය මාස 22කි. පැටව් ලැබීමට ආසන්න ඇතින්නියකගේ සෞඛ්‍යය පිළිබඳව වැඩි සැලකිල්ලක් දක්වනු ලබන අතර එවැනි ඇතින්නියන් අසල දිවා රෑ දෙකෙහිම සේවකයන් තබනු ලැබේ. පැටවා ලැබී දින කිහිපයක් යන තුරුම ආරක්ෂාව එලෙසම සැපයෙයි.

අලි ඇතුන් අවුරුදු 60-70 අතර කාලයක් ඡීවත් වන අතර වැඩි වශයෙන් මරණයට පත් වන්නේ වයසට යාමෙන් අනතුරුවය. නමුත් රෝගාතුර වීම නිසා ද මියයාම් දැකියහැකි වෙයි.

සංචාරක කටයුතු
පින්නවල නැරඹීම සඳහා දේශීය මෙන්ම විදේශීය යන සංචාරක දෙවර්ගයම පැමිණෙති. දේශීය සංචාරකයන් බහුලවම පැමිණෙන්නේ අප්‍රේල් , අගෝස්තු යන මාසවලය. විදේශීය සංචාරකයන් බහුලවම පැමිණෙන්නේ දෙසැම්බර් සිට අගෝස්තු දක්වාය. සංචාරකයන් සඳහා මෙහි පහසුකම් රාශියක් සපයා තිබේ. ඔවුන් සඳහා හෝටල් සංස්ථාවෙන් පවත්වාගෙන යන භෝඡනාගාරයක් ද මෙහි පිහිටුවා තිබේ. අලි ඇතුන්ගේ ඡායාරූප ගැනීමට ද පහසුකම් සලසා ඇත. රූපගත කිරීම් සිදුකල හැක්කේ ඒ සඳහා ගෙවීම් කිරීමෙන් අනතුරුවය.

සංචාරකයන් සඳහා ලබා දී ඇති විශේෂ අවවාද.

සෑමවිටම අලි ඇතුන් ගෙන් ඈත් වී සිටින්න.
අවදානම් ප්‍රදේශ වලට ඇතුලු නොවන්න.
අවසර දී ඇති ස්ථාන වලදී පමණක් දුම් බ්ම සිදුකරන්න.
කිසි විටෙකත්අලි ඇතුන්ට බාධා නොකරන්න.
ශබ්ද කිරීමෙන් වලකින්න.
සුරතල් සතුන් අලි අනාථාගාරය තුලට ගෙන ඒමෙන් වලකින්න.

සංචාරක කර්මාන්ය මගින් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව උපයන මුදලට පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරය ද දායක වේ. පින්නවලට සංචාරකයන්මගින් ලැබෙන ආදායම සත්වෝද්‍යාන අරමුදලට බැර කෙරෙයි. අලි අනාථාගාරයට වසරක වියදමට අවශ්‍ය මූදල් අය වැයෙන් වෙන්කරනු ලබන අතර අවශ්‍ය අවස්ථාවන් වලදී සත්වෝද්‍යාන අරමුදලෙන් ද මුදල් ලබා දේ.

අලි අනාථාගාරයේ සේවකයෝ
මෙහි සේවය කරනු ලබන සේවකයන්කොටස් කිහිපයක් යටතේ වර්ග කළ හැක.

අලි බලන්නන්  - සාම්ප්‍රදායිකව ඉගෙන ගත් පරණ සේවකමාස18 ක පුහුණුවක් ලබා දී රැකියාවට ගනු ලැබූවන්.
ආරක්ෂක නිලධාරීන්
කම්කරුවන්
රියදුරන්          -     අවශ්‍ය අවස්ථා වලදී ප්‍රවාහන කටයුතු සඳහා ඡාතිකසත්වෝද්‍යාන දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව ගින් වාහන හා රියදුරන් සපයා දෙනු ලැබේ.

මෙහි සේවකයන් සඳහා සලසා ඇති පහසුකම් ගණනාවකි.

නිල ඇඳුම් සැපයීම.
විශ්‍රාම වැටුප් ලබා දීම.
ණය දීමනා ලබා දීම.
රක්ෂණ ක්‍රම අනුගමනය කීරීම.
මෙම රැකියාවන්හි දුශ්කරතාවන් ද දැකගත හැකි වේ.
අලි ඇතුන් පුහුණු කිරීමේදී අනතුරු වලට මුහුණ දීම.
අලි ඇතුන්හීලෑ වුව ද අනතුරුදායක බවක් තිබීම.

පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරයෙන් ඉටුවන සේවය
 පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරයෙන් ඉටුවන සේවාවන් ගනනාවකි.
 අනාථ වන අලි ඇතුන් ආරක්ෂා කිරීම.
 අලි ඇතුන් වඳවී යාම වැලැක්වීම.
 සංචාරක මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් වශයෙන් වැදගත් වීම හා රටට විදේශ විනිමය ලබා දීම.
 සෘඡු හා වක්‍ර අයුරින් රැකියා අවස්ථා හිමි කර දී තිබීම.
 අලි ඇතුන් බෝකරන මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් වශයෙන් කටයුතු කිරීම.
 අලි ඇතුන් පිළිබඳ හදාරන්නන් සඳහා පහසුකම් සලසා දී තිබීම නිසා පර්යේෂණ වලට ඉඩ සැලසීම.
 අලි ඇතුන් සංරක්ෂණය පිළිබඳව මහඡනයාගේ ආකල්ප හා දැණුම දියුණුකිරීමට ඉවහල් වීම.
 ඡීවී කෞතූකාගාරයක් හා පර්යේෂණාගාරයක් ලෙස අන් රටවල් වලට ද ප්‍රයෝඡනවත් වීම

ගැලරිය

මේවාද බලන්න
පින්නවල එළිමහන් සත්වෝද්‍යානය

ආශ්‍රිත

බාහිර සබැදි
පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරයෙන් කඩදාසි තාක්ෂණයට නව නැම්මක්
Photos of Pinnawela Elephant Orphanage, Sri Lanka
http://www.lanka.com/sri-lanka/elephant-orphanage-in-sri-lanka.html
http://www.explorelanka.com/places/hill/pinnawala.htm

අලි සහ ඇත්තු - ශ්‍රී ලංකා

පින්නවල අලි අනාථාගාරය


An Carex korshinskyi in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Vladimir Leontjevitj Komarov. An Carex korshinskyi in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Carex

Carex korshinskyi


Werner Klaus (* 18. Dezember 1928) ist ein ehemaliger Leipziger Fußballspieler. Mit der BSG Chemie Leipzig wurde er 1951 DDR-Fußballmeister.

1949 rief der Deutsche Sportausschuss in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone für den länderübergreifenden Fußballspielbetrieb die Zonenliga ins Leben. Sie wurde noch während ihrer ersten Saison in DS-Liga umbenannt, später setzte sich die Bezeichnung DDR-Oberliga durch. Zu den beteiligten Mannschaften der Spielzeit 1949/50 gehörte auch die ZSG Industrie Leipzig, die am Saisonende unter 14 Mannschaften auf Platz 8 landete. Zum Stammaufgebot der Leipziger gehörte der 22-jährige Angriffsspieler Werner Klaus. Er kam erstmals am 5. Spieltag in der Zonenliga zum Einsatz, als er in der Begegnung ZSG Industrie – Vorwärts Schwerin (4:0) am 9. Oktober 1949 von Trainer Fritz Krauß als Linksaußenstürmer aufgeboten wurde. Danach bestritt Klaus bis zum 22. Spieltag alle Punktspiele und versäumte danach lediglich die letzten vier Partien. Seine Stammposition blieb die linke Angriffsseite, er kam jedoch nur auf drei Punktspieltore.

Ab der Saison 1950/51 wurde die höchste Spielklasse in der inzwischen gegründeten DDR DS-Oberliga genannt, und die ZSG Industrie trat unter der neuen Bezeichnung BSG Chemie Leipzig an. Sie gewann am Saisonende die DDR-Meisterschaft, an der Klaus allerdings nur noch an sechs Punktspielen beteiligt war. Zum letzten Mal wurde er am 22. Oktober 1950 in der Begegnung des 10. Spieltages Chemie Leipzig – KWU Erfurt (0:1) als Linksaußen eingesetzt. Zuvor hatte er fünf weitere Oberligaspiele absolviert, in denen er noch einmal zwei Tore erzielt hatte.

Im November 1950 wurde Klaus' Name letztmals im Zusammenhang mit Chemie Leipzig erwähnt, als das Oberligaspiel Chemie Leipzig – Turbine Halle (3:5) annulliert wurde, weil Klaus neben weiteren Chemiespielern wegen Auswahlverpflichtungen nicht aufgestellt werden konnte. Nach insgesamt 24 Punktspieleinsätzen mit fünf Torerfolgen für die Leipziger ZSG und die BSG verliert sich die Spur von Werner Klaus im DDR-Fußballspielbetrieb.

Literatur
 Hanns Leske: Enzyklopädie des DDR-Fußballs. Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-89533-556-3.
 Andreas Baingo, Michael Horn: Die Geschichte der DDR-Oberliga. Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2003, ISBN 3-89533-428-6.
 DDR-Sportzeitung Deutsches Sportecho. Jahrgänge 1949 bis 1951

Fußballspieler (DDR)
Geboren 1928
Mann
DDR-Meister (Fußball)
DDR-Bürger
Deutscher

Werner Klaus


Widowuto (Waidewut) war nach Simon Grunau der erste König der Prußen, der jeglicher historischer Grundlage entbehrt und eine Erfindung der humanistischen Geschichtsspekulation des 16. Jahrhunderts über die "Herkommen" (origo gentis) diverser Völker entstammt. Zudem beruht die Sage auf keiner einheimischen Tradition.

Geschichte
Als Erfinder von Widowuto gilt Erasmus Stella (1460–1521), der bekannt ist für seine zahlreichen Eponymen, die er aus lateinischen und pseudolateinischen Namen ersann und die er zum Teil mittels Fälschungen zu beweisen suchte.

Erasmus Stella schrieb in seinem Werk De Borussiae antiquitatibus, dass die Borussii (= Prußen) aus dem Rhipäischen Gebirge nach Sambia (dem Samland) eingewandert seien. Zur Zeit von Kaiser  Valentinian seien sie von den Alanen angegriffen worden. Schließlich sei der Alane Vidvutus von den Borussiern zu ihrem König gewählt worden, der dem bis anhin unzivilisierten Volk Gesetz und Religion gegeben habe.

Den Namen Vidvutus ersann Stella vermutlich aus dem Namen des von Jordanes genannten germanischen Volkes der Vidivarii, das an der Weichselmündung wohnte.

Die Geschichte nahm ein anonymer Autor auf, der im frühen 16. Jahrhundert ein verloren gegangenes Geschichtswerk verfasste, das in der Fachliteratur Pseudo-Christian, Olivaer Chronik oder Elbinger Mönchschronik genannt wird und das in diversen Geschichtswerken greifbar wird, darunter auch bei Simon Grunau.

In diesem Pseudo-Christian wurde der Alane Vidvutus zu einem gotisch-cimbrischen Führer aus Skandinavien (Scandia) gemacht, der zusammen mit seinem Bruder Bruteno anno 550 an die Weichsel kam und zum König gewählt wurde und dem unzivilisierten Volk Gesetze gab. Sein Bruder Bruteno gab ihnen dagegen eine Religion und wurde zum Kirwaiden (Oberpriester) gewählt. Nach ihm habe dann das Volk den Namen Bruteni (= Prußen) angenommen. Die Erfindung des Heros eponymos Bruteno war eine weit verbreitete Vorgehensweise der damaligen gelehrten humanistischen Geschichtsschreibung.

Widowuto bei Simon Grunau
Simon Grunau benutzte kritiklos diese älteren Werke und schmückte sie zudem phantasiereich aus. Nach Grunau seien die Goten, von Narses aus Italien vertrieben, nach Deutschland gezogen und hätten die Stadt Göttingen gegründet. Dann zogen sie gegen den Dänenkönig, der ihnen die Insel Cimbria gab, die seither Gotland hiesse. Widowuto und sein Bruder Bruteno seien mit cimbrischen Goten an die Weichsel gezogen und hätten den dortigen unzivilisierten Bewohnern Gesetz und Religion gegeben. Im Jahre 521 hätten die Bruteni den Widowuto zum König und Bruteno zum Crywo Cyrwaito gewählt. Bruteno habe dann das Eichenheiligtum Rickoyto gegründet. Im Jahre 573, Widowuto war damals 115, Bruteno 132 Jahre alt, sei das Land unter Widowutos zwölf Söhne aufgeteilt worden, wobei ihre Namen zum jeweiligen Landesnamen wurden. Darauf hätten sich die beiden Brüder auf dem Feuerstoß selbst geopfert, worauf beide vergöttert wurden. Bruteno sei als Gott Wurschayto (ev. "Ältester",  zu. apr. urs "alt") und sein Bruder Widowuto als Szwaybrotto (apr. swais brote "sein Bruder") verehrt worden.

Das ganze Geschichtswerk von Simon Grunau wird von der modernen Forschung als ein phantastischer pseudohistorischer Roman bezeichnet, der für die Forschung nur wenig Wert hat:

Besonderes
In der Oper Der Heidenkönig (1933) von Siegfried Wagner kommt ein König Waidewut vor.

Literatur
 Simon Grunau's preussische Chronik, hrsg. von M. Perlbach, R. Philippi und P. Wagner. Bd. 1–3, Leipzig 1876–1896. (Die preussischen Geschichtsschreiber des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts 1-3)
 Max Töppen: Geschichte der Preussischen Historiographie von P. v. Dusburg bis auf K. Schütz, oder: Nachweisung und Kritik der gedruckten und ungedruckten Chroniken zur Geschichte Preußens unter der Herrschaft des deutschen Ordens; Berlin 1853 (Repr. Walluf bei Wiesbaden 1973)
 Joachim Schoenborn: Lebensgeschichte und Geschichtsschreibung des Erasmus Stella. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des gelehrten Fälschertums im 16. Jahrhundert. G. H. Nolte, Düsseldorf  1938; zugl. Dissertation, Universität Königsberg (Rezension im Jahresbericht für Deutsche Geschichte)
 Michael Brauer: Die Entdeckung des 'Heidentums' in Preußen. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-05-005078-2, doi:10.18452/24599.

Einzelnachweise

Balten
Fiktive Person

Widowuto


Socket FM1 es un socket para CPU usado por AMD, principalmente para la serie A de procesadores Fusion (También para E2-3200, Sempron X2 198, y Athlon II X2 y X4 ).
El socket FM1 fue lanzado en julio de 2011.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 http://www.tomshardware.com/news/amd-llano-socket-fm1-sample,12549.html
 http://www.cpu-world.com/Sockets/Socket%20FM1.html

Zócalos de Advanced Micro Devices

Socket FM1


French Somaliland (; ) was a French colony in the Horn of Africa. It existed between 1884 and 1967, at which time it became the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas. The Republic of Djibouti is its legal successor state.

History
Haji Dideh, the Sultan of Zeila and prosperous Gadabuursi merchant was the pioneer of the name Côte Française des Somalis or the French Coast of the Somalis, and later French Somaliland and coined the name to the French. He also built the first mosque in what is now Djibouti which still functions today.
French Somaliland was formally established in 1896 after the Gadabuursi, Issa and Afar each signed a treaty with the French, but iterations of what would eventually become French Somaliland existed for few decades prior to the official formation. On March 11, 1862, a treaty signed by Afar Sultan Raieta Dini Ahmet in Paris ceded the territory of Obock for 10,000 thalaris, around 55,000 francs. Later on, that treaty was used by Captain Alphonse Fleuriot de Langle to colonize the south of the Bay of Tadjoura. On March 25, 1885 the French signed a treaty with the Gadabuursi, effectively making them a protectorate of France. On March 26, 1885 the French signed another treaty with the Issa making the latter a protectorate under the French. No money changed hands and the Somalis did not sign away any of their land rights; the agreement was meant to protect their land from outsiders with the help of the French. However, after the French sailors of the Le Pingouin vessel were mysteriously killed in Ambado in 1886, the French first blamed the British, then the Somalis, using the incident to lay claim to the entire southern territory.

An attempt by Russian adventurer Nikolay Ivanovitch Achinov to establish a settlement at Sagallo in 1889 was promptly thwarted by French forces after just one month.

The construction of the Imperial Ethiopian Railway west into Ethiopia turned the port of Djibouti into a boomtown of 15,000 at a time when Harar was the only city in Ethiopia with a greater population. Although the city's population fell after the completion of the line to Dire Dawa and the bankruptcy (and subsequent government bail-out) of the original company, the rail link allowed Djibouti to quickly overtake the caravan-based trade out of Zeila (then in British Somaliland) and become the premier port for coffee and other goods leaving southern Ethiopia and the Ogaden through Harar. Before the French aligned with the Issa, the Gadabuursi held the position of the first Senator of the country and the first Somali head of state to lead the territory compromising Djibouti today. Djama Ali Moussa, a former sailor, pursued his political aspirations and managed to become the first Somali democratically elected head of state in French Somaliland.

The railway continued operating after the Italian conquest of Ethiopia but following the tumult of the Second World War, the area became a French overseas territory in 1946. In 1967, French Somaliland was renamed the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas and, in 1977, became the independent country of Djibouti.

See also
 List of governors of French Somaliland
 List of French possessions and colonies
 French colonial empire

References

Further reading

Somaliland, French
Somaliland
Somaliland
Horn of Africa
Somaliland
1896 establishments in Africa
1967 disestablishments in Africa
1896 establishments in the French colonial empire
1967 disestablishments in the French colonial empire
Djibouti–France relations
20th century in Djibouti

de:Geschichte Dschibutis#Kolonialzeit

French Somaliland


Le dème de Korónia, en  / Dímos Korónias, est un ancien dème du district régional de Thessalonique, en Macédoine-Centrale, Grèce. Depuis 2010, il est fusionné au sein du dème de Langadás.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du dème s'élève à .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Ancien dème en Grèce
Dème en Macédoine-Centrale

Dème de Korónia (Thessalonique)


Overalls or bib-and-brace overalls, also sometimes called dungarees in British English, are a type of garment usually used as protective clothing when working. The garments are commonly referred to as a "pair of overalls" by analogy with "pair of trousers".

Overalls were originally made of denim, but they can also be made of other materials such as corduroy, chino cloth, or leather. Overalls were invented in the mid to late 1890s by Grace Howard and Jacob W. Davis at Levi Strauss & Co., but they went through an evolution to reach their modern form. Initially created to serve as protective clothing during physically demanding work, they have since also become a fashion garment. Many high-fashion brands have released their own spin on overalls. Today, overalls can still be found in some workplaces, while also being worn casually by all kinds of people.

History

Beginnings
The exact beginnings of the wearing of overalls are unclear, but they are mentioned in literature as early as 1776 as protective working garments commonly worn by slaves.

The first evidence of overalls being mass-produced are those made by Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis in the 1890s. The first "jeans" they invented were actually "waist-high overalls", consisting of denim pants with suspenders attached with buttons, but without a bib. From the beginning, denim overalls were popular workers' garments due to their durability. In fact, Levi Strauss & Co.'s slogan in the 1880s-1890s was "Never Rip, Never Tear".

In 1911, Harry David Lee made the first bib overalls, made of pants with pockets with a bib and straps over the shoulders.

In 1927, Lee's developed a "hook-less fastener" and created "button-less" overalls. Zippers replaced buttons. Soon after, suspender buttons were traded in for belt loops to attach over-the-shoulder straps.

The Overalls Movement of 1920
In 1920, groups of "Overalls Clubs" formed around the United States. They took overalls as their symbol to protest the rising cost of clothing, and profiteering in the garment industry.

The Great Depression
In the 1930s, the poorest segments of the American population wore overalls: farmers, miners, loggers, and railroad workers. They were most commonly worn by men and boys in the Southern and Midwestern United States. They can be seen in many of Walker Evans's photographs.

Modern history

Bib overalls (in different colors and textiles) became popular garments among American youth from the 1960s onward.

In the 21st century, overalls have evolved into high-fashion garments. Designers such as Stella McCartney include them in ready-to-wear collections for men, women, and children. McCartney's children's overalls sell for as much as US$138 in the US.

Brands
Levi Strauss & Co. and Lee were not the only companies making overalls in the late 19th and 20th centuries.

 One of the oldest brands of overalls, OshKosh B'gosh, founded in 1895 in Wisconsin, specialized in blue-and-white "hickory-stripe" bib overalls. The company produced bib overalls for children in the late 1960s.

 Larned, Carter & Co., from Detroit, called themselves the "World's Greatest Overall Makers". They marketed their products as uniforms for railroad workers.

 One of the biggest overall manufacturers was Blue Bell, which began in North Carolina in 1904. It was popular among railroad workers.

 Round House workwear of Oklahoma has produced heavy duty work overalls since 1903, and remains one of the only companies which still manufactures a fair portion of them in the United States.

 Jellico Clothing Manufacturing Co., later renamed Big Ben, was a major competitor of Blue Bell. Big Ben bought Blue Bell in 1926 and continued under the name Blue Bell. Blue Bell then bought the overalls company Casey Jones.

Garments adapted from overalls

Shorteralls (a contraction of the words "short" and "overalls") are with the lower part adapted into shorts.

Salopettes is the French word for bib-and-brace overalls. The word is used in English for a similar garment to overalls worn for sailing, skiing, diving, and other heavy-duty activities. They are made of wind-and-waterproof trousers, traditionally with a high waist reaching to the chest and held up by adjustable shoulder braces.

Historically, military "overalls" were loose garments worn in the 18th and early 19th centuries over soldiers' breeches and gaiters when on active service or in barracks. After 1823, the term was replaced by "trousers" in British Army documents, but it survives to the present day in reference to the tight-fitting garments strapped under the instep, worn as part of the mess dress and full dress uniforms of cavalry regiments.

References

External links

Safety clothing
1890s fashion
20th-century fashion
21st-century fashion
Trousers and shorts

Overalls


{{Ficha de obra de teatro
|nombre          = Sadkó
|nombre original = Садко
|imagen          = Chaliapin F. (Шаляпин Ф. И.) 1898 as varyag in Sadko.jpg
|descripción     = Fiódor Chaliapin en el papel del invitado varego. 1898
|género          = Ópera
|actos           = 1 acto, 7 escenas
|idioma          = Ruso
|libretista      = el compositor
|compositor      = Nikolái Rimski-Kórsakov
|UP              =
|base            = bylina Sadkó
|año estreno     = 7 de enero de 1898
|teatro estreno  = Teatro Solodóvnikov
|lugar estreno   = Moscú
|duración        = 3 horas
|personajes      = * Sadkó, intérprete de cítara y cantante en Nóvgorod (tenor)
 Liubava Busláevna, su esposa (mezzosoprano)
 Océano, el rey de los mares (bajo)
 La princesa Voljová, hija del Océano (soprano)
 Nezhata, joven citarista en Kiev (contralto)
 Pipó (Duda), un saltimbanqui (bajo)
 Chalumó (Sopel), un saltimbanqui (tenor)
|coro            =
|orquesta        =
|editorial       =
}}Sadkó (Садко en ruso) es una ópera en un acto y 7 escenas, con música y libreto de Nikolái Rimski-Kórsakov, para solistas, coro, bailarines y orquesta. Compuesta en 1896, se estrenó el 7 de enero de 1898 en el Teatro Solodóvnikov de Moscú. En el libreto hubo varias colaboraciones, destacando la de Vladímir Stásov. Rimski-Kórsakov se inspiró por primera vez en la bylina de Sadkó en 1867, cuando completó un poema sinfónico sobre el tema, su Op. 5. Después de terminar su segunda revisión de este trabajo en 1891, decidió convertirlo en un trabajo dramático.

Esta ópera se representa poco; en las estadísticas de Operabase aparece con sólo 7 representaciones en el período 2005-2010.

 Discografía Sadkó'', por Vladímir Galusin (Sadkó), Marianna Tarassova (Liubava), Serguéi Alexachkine (Océano), Valentina Tsidipova (Voljová), solistas, coro y orquesta del Teatro Mariinski (Kírov) de San Petersburgo, dirección musical Valeri Guérguiev, 3 CD Philips réf. 442 138-2, éd. 1994, grabación en vivo de octubre de 1993, ha sido igualmente objeto de un DVD Philips réf. 070-4399, éd. 2006)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Óperas de Nikolai Rimski-Korsakov
Óperas de 1898
Óperas en ruso
Óperas estrenadas en Moscú

Sadkó (ópera)


Crossrail es una línea ferroviaria rápida que circula por debajo de la ciudad de Londres. Actualmente se denomina Elizabeth Line.

El nombre Crossrail también se utiliza para referirse a una de las dos rutas propuestas por la compañía Cross London Rail Links Ltd y se basa en un túnel de este a oeste entre las estaciones de Paddington y Liverpool Street. La segunda línea se conoce como la línea Chelsea-Hackney.

El proyecto Crossrail fue definitivamente aprobado el 5 de octubre de 2007 por el Gobierno británico, después de que se decidiera que el trabajo se llevara a cabo con fondos públicos y privados. El proyecto Crossrail recibió el dictamen favorable el 22 de julio de 2008 y, al final del año, se firmó el contrato definitivo con la aprobación de los fondos totales para los trabajos de construcción.

Fue inaugurada el 24 de mayo de 2022. Los trenes constan de 10 coches con 200 metros de largo en total y frecuencias con un promedio de alrededor de 24 trenes por hora durante las horas punta, en la sección de túnel que pasa por debajo de la ciudad de Londres. Las estaciones se integran con el resto de medios de transporte londinense.

Características

La línea Crossrail se basa en una doble vía con dirección este-oeste que pasa por debajo del centro de Londres, conectando la Línea ferroviaria del Gran Oeste en Paddington, con la Línea ferroviaria del Gran Este cerca de Stratford. Un segundo ramal se dirigirá desde la estación de Whitechapel, a través de los Docklands hacia una parte en desuso de la línea del norte de Londres, al otro lado del Támesis. La longitud total del tramo subterráneo es de 21 km, divido en seis túneles de vía única, y para su perforación se usarán ocho tuneladoras.

Los trenes podrán unir las estaciones de cabecera sin parar en algunas de las estaciones.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Transporte de Londres

Crossrail


Corridor est un groupe canadien de rock originaire de Montréal dans la province du Québec au Canada. Le groupe a publié trois albums, dont le dernier Junior en 2019.

Biographie
Le groupe est formé au début des années 2010 à Montréal autour du chanteur et guitariste Jonathan Robert et du bassiste Dominic Berthiaume. Rejoints par le guitariste Julian Perreault et le batteur Marc-André Chapdelaine le groupe publie en 2013 un premier EP baptisé Un magicien en toi. Le premier album du groupe, Le Voyage Éternel sort en 2015. En 2017 le groupe publie son deuxième album Supermercado sur lequel Julien Bakvis est le nouveau batteur. La même année un single en collaboration avec Halo Maud sort. L'album Junior est publié en 2019 sur le label Sub Pop, le groupe devenant ainsi la première signature francophone de la structure de Seattle. Le guitariste Jonathan Robert sort son second album solo sous le nom de Jonathan Personne en 2020. En 2021 le single Et Hop, un morceau datant des sessions d'enregistrement de l'album Supermercado, voit le jour.

Discographie

Albums

Singles et EP

Notes et références

Liens externes

Groupe canadien de rock
Groupe musical canadien des années 2010
Groupe musical canadien des années 2020
Groupe musical de Montréal
Artiste de Sub Pop

Corridor (groupe)


La cultura de Nueva Caledonia es producto de los aportes de los diversos grupos y etnias que componen la sociedad. La población melanesia posee un antiguo y extenso bagaje cultural el cual por ejemplo se puede observar en la fuerte influencia melanesia en la arquitectura, artes y artesanías como también en los usos y costumbres.  Ello se combina con la influencia de la cultura de los colonizadores franceses, que aportan un toque francés.

Los aportes culturales franceses se han sabido incorporar en armonía y aportar estilo y elegancia a la cultura melanesia. Además existen otras influencias de menor calibre como las polinesias y la asiática.

Los kanaks o melanesios han desarrollado la danza como una forma de arte característico. La danza pilou tradicional cuenta las historias de nacimientos, casamientos, ciclones o aprestos para la batalla, si bien las autoridades coloniales prohibieron en 1951 el pilous, a causa de los elevados niveles de energía y trance que inducía sobre los bailarines (que ocasionalmente llegaban a probar carne humana). La música es un elemento fundamental de cada ceremonia tradicional, y el conjunto de instrumentos musicales incluye sonajeros de conchas marinas, instrumentos rítmicos y flautas de bambú.

Los caldoches, o población blanca de Nueva Caledonia, son en su gran mayoría descendientes de convictos franceses y han desarrollado su cultura propia, más similar a la de los australianos rurales que a la cultura metropolitana francesa. Son populares los rodeos y las ferias campestres. Los métros son los inmigrantes más recientes provenientes de Francia.

Gastronomía

La gastronomía de Nueva Caledonia es el resultado de la mezcla, y adaptación de diferentes características culinarias específicas. Por una parte está el aporte de los platos melanesios cocidos en estofados en el horno canaco y simbolizada por la bougna de uso difundido en el Pacífico junto con el uso de leche de coco como aglutinante, por otra parte se destaca la sucesión francesa de varios platos, junto con la importancia de las salsas, hierbas aromáticas, pan y pasteles, y en finalmente el aporte de la cocina de Asia oriental caracterizada por el uso de varias especias, la búsqueda de sabores agridulces, los métodos de cocción y la presencia del arroz como alimento básico, y en todos los casos aprovechando los productos de producción local.

Los productos locales de la agricultura o la horticultura incluyen: tubérculos tales como el ñame, la yuca o el taro, verduras como el chayote llamado "chouchoute", la col china, también los tomates, y frutas tropicales como ser el banano, coco, papaya, mango, fruta de la pasión, maracuyá, la guanábana y el pomelo, y algunas frutas de clima templado producido por los agricultores de Païta o en La Foa, en particular fresas, duraznos y frambuesas. Existe una antigua cultura de café y todavía muy presente a pesar de que perdió la reputación y valor de las exportaciones que tuvo durante la primera mitad del  con el café Leroy. Existe una pequeña producción de maíz, mientras que la mayoría de los jardines de las personas de ascendencia europea tienen ciertas hierbas aromáticas.

Estos ingredientes son utilizados en prácticas culinarias relativamente comunes, algunos platos tradicionales de cada comunidad como ser: bougna canaca, ensalada Tahití, bami de Indonesia, rollitos primavera dulces con cerdo vietnamitas, guisos, filetes o embutidos de ciervo inspirados en recetas regionales francesas, el curry y salmueras de las Indias Occidentales, son preparados y consumidos por la población en general.

Véase también
 Chan Dang

Cultura de Nueva Caledonia

Cultura de Nueva Caledonia


Stubben, Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Herzogtum Lauenburg iline bağlı bölge. 5,24 km² yüzölçüme sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Eylül 2006 itibarıyla yaklaşık 412 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Andreas Petersen tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-sandesneben.de

Herzogtum Lauenburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Stubben (Lauenburg)


Diviziunea celulară este procesul biologic prin care are loc diviziunea unei celule în două sau mai multe celule fiice. Diviziunea celulară este o etapă a ciclului celular. Organismele eucariote prezintă două tipuri de diviziune celulară: o diviziune vegetativă, așadar fiecare celulă fiică va fi identică din punct de vedere genetic cu celula părinte (proces denumit mitoză), și o diviziune celulară reproductivă, în urma căreia numărul cromozomilor din fiecare celulă fiică este redus la jumătate pentru a asigura producerea unor gameți haploizi (proces denumit meioză).

Organismele procariote (bacteriile) prezintă un singur tip de diviziune celulară, diviziunea prin fisiune binară, prin intermediul căreia are loc segregarea egală a materialului genetic între cele două celule fiice. Toate diviziunile celulare, indiferent de organism, sunt precedate de un singur proces de replicare ADN.

În cazul microorganismelor unicelulare, precum sunt amoebele, o diviziune celulară este echivalentul unui proces de reproducere, întrucât în urma acesteia are loc formarea unui nou organism complet. Se poate consideră că diviziunea celulară mitotică poate da naștere unor noi organisme pluricelulare, precum este în cazul plantelor care cresc din leziuni tisulare. De asemenea, diviziunea mitotică permite organismelor cu reproducere sexuată să se dezvolte dintr-un singur zigot unicelular, produs la rândul său în urma diviziunii celulare meiotice prin împreunarea gameților. După creșterea completă, diviziunile celulare prin mitoză au rolul de a asigura procesele de reparare continuă a organismului.

Fazele diviziunii
Diviziunea celulară prezintă patru etape: profază, metafază, anafază și telofază.

Profaza

Profaza este prima etapă a diviziunii celulare. Lanțurile lungi de cromatină se condensează puternic formând cromozomi. În această fază dispar și nucleolii, iar microtubulii se atașează de cromozomi la cinetocorul prezent în centromer.

Metafaza

Metafaza este etapa diviziunii celulare în care cromozomii se aliniază în zona centrală a celulei prin intermediul centrului de organizare a microtubulilor. Mișcarea cromozomilor are loc prin intermediul împingerii centromerilor ambelor cromatide. În același timp, continuă condensarea cromozomilor. După migrare, cromozomii sunt pregătiți să fie împărțiți către polii opuși ai celulei, depinzând de fibra de care au fost legați.

Anafaza

Anafaza este o etapă scurtă a diviziunii celulare și are loc după alinierea metafazică a cromozomilor. Fibrele separă cromozomii, astfel încât cele două cromatide surori vor migra separat către polii opuși ai celulei.

Telofaza

Telofaza este etapa finală a diviziunii celulare și implicit a ciclului celular, și este momentul în care are loc clivarea celulei în cele două celule fiice. Aceste două celule se vor forma în jurul cromatinei, adică în jurul celor doi poli din fosta celulă. Începe formarea membranelor nucleare în fiecare celulă fiică, iar cromatina se despiralizează, celulele noi fiind pregătite de un nou ciclu celular.

Vezi și
 Amitoză
 Fisiune binară
 Ciclu celular

Referințe

Ciclu celular
Procese celulare

Diviziune celulară


was a town located in Chikujō District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 11,944 and a density of 231.03 persons per km². The total area was 51.70 km².

On January 10, 2006, Shiida, along with the town of Tsuiki (also from Chikujō District), was merged to create the town of Chikujō.

External links
 Chikujō official website

Dissolved municipalities of Fukuoka Prefecture
Geography of Fukuoka Prefecture
Populated places disestablished in 2006
2006 disestablishments in Japan

Shiida, Fukuoka


Zarif Mustafa Paşa Yalısı veya diğer adıyla Zarif Mustafa Paşa Yalısı, İstanbul'un Beykoz ilçesinde yer alan yalı. 1848'te Mustafa Paşa tarafından satın alınmış ve günümüze kadar aynı ailede kalmıştır. Bir zamanlar İstanbul Boğazı'nın en büyük binalarındandı, günümüze sadece selamlığı kaldı. 1990'da bir yük gemisinin yalıya çarpması üzerine hasar gördü ancak daha sonra restore edildi.

Beykoz'daki yalılar

Zarif Mustafa Paşa Yalısı


Sambo (Rusça: самбо) veya Sombo, 1920-1930 yıllarında V. S. Oshchepkov ve öğrencileri I. V. Vasilyev, L. B. Turin, N. M. Galkovsky, B. A. Sagatelyan, P. A. Shkolnikov, S. V. Dashkevich tarafından geliştirilmiş ve başkalarının da katkılarıyla Sovyetler Birliği'nde geliştirilmiş modern bir savaş sanatı, mücadele sporu ve kendini koruma sistemidir. Ayrıca 1927 yılında V. Spiridonov tarafından "Samozaschita bez oruzhyia" adında bir kılavuz da yayınlanmıştır.

Samboya tarih boyunca çeşitli isimler verilmiştir. İlk ismi "Serbest Stil Güreş"tir. Daha sonra "Serbest Güreş" adını almıştır. Son olarak 1946 yılında Sambo adı kullanılmaya başlamıştır.

Sambo kelimesi "Silahsız kendini savunma" anlamına gelen Rusça'daki Сaмооборона без оружия (Samooborona bez orujiya) ifadesinin kısaltılmışıdır.

Uluslararası Güreş Stilleri Birliği'ne (FILA) göre Sambo günümüzde uygulanan Greko-Romen güreşi, Serbest stil güreş ve Judo ile birlikte uluslararası düzeyde uygulanan amatör müsabaka güreşlerinden biridir.

Sambo'nun kökenleri geleneksel halk güreş stillerine kadar geri gitmektedir. Sambo'nun kökenleri arasında Rusya'daki çeşitli halkların mücadele sistemleri de bulunmaktadır. Tuva'nın köräş'ı, Yakutistan'ın khapsagai'si, Çuvaşistan'ın Akatuy'u, Gürcistan'ın chidaoba'sı, Moldova'nın trinta'sı, Ermenistan'ın Kokh'u, Özbekistan'ın Kulaş'ı, Azerbaycan'ın Güleş'i gibi.

Bu savaş sanatının bir spor haline gelmesi 1938 yılında olmuştur. SSCB Ulusal Fizik Kültür Komitesince tanınmış ve her askerin savaş becerilerinin bir parçası haline getirilmiştir. Askerler, II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında bu sporu kullanmışlardır.

Sambo versiyonları
Sambo Sporu (Borba Sambo): Amatör güreş veya Judo'ya benzemektedir. Müsabaka Judo'da olduğu gibidir fakat kurallar ve üniformada bazı farklılıklar gösterir. Judo'dan farklı olarak Sambo tüm ayak kilitlerine izin verir.

Kendini koruma sistemi olarak Sambo: Aikijujutsu, Jujitsu veya Aikido'ya benzemekte ve hem silahlı hem de silahsız saldırganların ataklarına karşı bir kendini koruma uygulamasıdır. Taksi sürücüleri, banka çalışanları, bodyguardlar ve benzeri meslekleri yapanlara önerilmektedir. Ayrıca tecavüzden korunma ve çocukların kendilerini savunabilmesi için de kullanılır.

Dövüş Sambo (Rusça: Boyevoye Sambo): Askeri amaçlarla kullanılan ve geliştirilen bu versiyonu silahlı ve silahsız teknikleri içerir. Karşılaşması modern karışık savaş sanatlarına benzemekte ve vuruş ve tutuş formlarını da içermektedir. Çok agresif bir sistemdir. Amacı, hayatta kalmaktır. Diğer iki sambo türünden teknikler içermektedir ancak bu teknikleri kullanış şekli farklıdır. Sporda tehlikeli olacak teknikleri de barındırır. Rusya Ordusu, Denizaltı askerleri kendilerini koruma ve yakın dövüş amaçlı olarak bu sporu kullanmaktadır.

Dış bağlantılar

 Klasik Sambo (İngilizce)
 Sambo (İngilizce)
 Amerikan Sambo Birliği (İngilizce)
 Sambo dövüşü (İngilizce)
 Söyleşiler (İngilizce)

Sambo


Herbert Springl (* 1. Mai 1924; † 7. März 1970) war ein deutscher Rechtsanwalt und Kommunalpolitiker der SPD.

Werdegang
Springl war als Rechtsanwalt tätig und gehörte von 1956 bis 1961 der SPD an. Für die Partei zog er zunächst in den Stadtrat der oberbayerischen Stadt Rosenheim ein. Nach dem Tod von Oberbürgermeister Josef Sebald (SPD) wurde er am 6. November 1960 mit 62,3 % der Stimmen zu dessen Nachfolger gewählt.

Nachdem die Staatsanwaltschaft in seinem Amtszimmer einen Koffer mit pornografischen Bildern sichergestellt hatte, die unter den damaligen Strafgesetzparagraphen 184 (Verbreitung pornographischer Schriften) fielen, wurde er am 12. März 1961 vom Dienst suspendiert und trat am 19. März 1961 zurück. Kurz danach trat er auch aus der SPD aus.

Weblinks
 Erste- bzw. Oberbürgermeister der Stadt Rosenheim beim Stadtarchiv Rosenheim (mit Abbildung)
 Die Affäre Springl beim Stadtarchiv Rosenheim

Bürgermeister (Rosenheim)
Rechtsanwalt (Deutschland)
SPD-Mitglied
Deutscher
Geboren 1924
Gestorben 1970
Mann

Herbert Springl


Ivlev  es un selo del raión de Gulkévichi del krai de Krasnodar, en el sur de Rusia. Está situado a orillas del río Zelenchuk Vtoroi, 23 km al suroeste de Gulkévichi y 125 km al este de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 118 habitantes en 2010.

Pertenece al municipio Nikolenskoye.

Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
 Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Ивлев (Краснодарский край).
 Mapa topográfico en maps.vlasenko.net

Localidades del raión de Gulkévichi del krai de Krasnodar

Ivlev (Rusia)


Das Ruhrpott Rodeo gilt als das größte Punk-Festival Deutschlands.

Veranstaltung

Das Festival findet seit 2007 jährlich im Sommer statt. Im ersten Jahr war der Austragungsort das Amphitheater Gelsenkirchen; seit 2008 ist es auf einem Freigelände am Flugplatz Dinslaken/Schwarze Heide in Hünxe bei Bottrop. Zu den Festivals kamen durchschnittlich etwa 7000 Besucher. 2012 wurden 5000 Besucher gezählt. 2013 waren es 7500 Besucher.

Der Veranstalter des Festivals ist Alex Schwers, der in zahlreichen Bands Schlagzeug spielte oder spielt, unter anderem bei Slime, Jeff Dahl, Hass, Knochenfabrik, Eisenpimmel und Rasta Knast.

Im August 2016 kam es freitagabends während des Auftritts der Suicidal Tendencies zu einem Unfall, als die Hardcore-Band zahlreiche Festival-Besucher auf die Bühne holte und dabei ein Besucher, der von der Bühne im Stagediving zurück ins Publikum springen wollte, mit dem Kopf gegen eine Metallabsperrung vor der Bühne prallte. Anschließend musste das Deutsche Rote Kreuz den verletzten Besucher mit Verdacht auf ein Schädel-Hirn-Trauma ins Krankenhaus bringen. Der Großteil des Publikums nahm den Unfall während des ohne Unterbrechung weiterlaufenden Konzerts nicht wahr.

Interpreten

Im Jahre 2010 gaben die deutschen Punkbands Slime und WIZO jeweils nach Pausen ihre ersten Konzerte beim Ruhrpott Rodeo. Weitere bekannte Punk-Bands, die beim Ruhrpott Rodeo auftraten, sind Knochenfabrik, Betontod, Hass, Chefdenker, Buzzcocks, Cock Sparrer, Toy Dolls, Fahnenflucht, Die Lokalmatadore, Dritte Wahl, Jello Biafra. 2012 hat Slime auf dem Ruhrpott Rodeo ihr erstes Album nach der Bandneugründung 2010 präsentiert. Auf dem Ruhrpott Rodeo 2013 hat die amerikanische Punklegende Black Flag ihren ersten Auftritt in Deutschland seit 26 Jahren gespielt.

Line Ups

2007
Beim 1. Ruhrpott Rodeo vom 22. bis 23. Juni im Amphitheater Gelsenkirchen spielten folgende Bands:
 Sham 69, Betontod, Mad Sin, Normahl, The Fuzztones, Conflict, The Meteors, Die Lokalmatadore, The Ruts, TV Smith, Fahnenflucht, Strassenjungs, Bambix, Casanovas Schwule Seite, Boxhamsters, The Bottrops, Smoke Blow, Spermbirds, Bitume, Fahnenflucht, Pascow, V8 Wankers, Emscherkurve 77, Montreal, Dean Dirg, Columbian Neckties, Chip Hannah, Suicide Holiday, The Other

2008
Beim 2. Ruhrpott Rodeo vom 27. bis 28. Juni am Flugplatz Schwarze Heide in Hünxe spielten folgende Bands:
 Knochenfabrik, Buzzcocks, The Meteors, Betontod, Die Kassierer, Sondaschule, Dritte Wahl, Die Lokalmatadore, Loikaemie, Fahnenflucht, Deadline, Adolescents, Die Mimmis, COR, Reagan Youth, Angelic Upstarts, Sigue Sigue Sputnik, Crashed Out, White Flag, Freeway Cash, Die Wut

2009
Beim 3. Ruhrpott Rodeo vom 29. bis 30. Mai am Flugplatz Schwarze Heide in Hünxe spielten folgende Bands:
 Me First and the Gimme Gimmes, Cock Sparrer, Toy Dolls, Los Fastidios, Die Lokalmatadore, Mad Sin, Betontod, Zaunpfahl, Rasta Knast, Talco, Fuckin Faces, Montreal, Chefdenker, Emscherkurve 77, Bluttat, Atemnot, KASA, Scheisse Minelli, Bonecrusher, 2nd District, I Walk the Line, Gewapend Beton, The Kleins, Cowboy Prostitutes

2010
Beim 4. Ruhrpott Rodeo vom 22. bis 23. Mai am Flugplatz Schwarze Heide in Hünxe spielten folgende Bands:
 WIZO, Slime, The Generators, The Real McKenzies, Betontod, Sondaschule, Die Lokalmatadore, Hammerhead, Jaya the Cat, Volxsturm, Casanovas Schwule Seite, Fahnenflucht, The Statt Matratzen, Gumbles, Snuff, COBRA, The Freeze, Schmeisig, Zwakkelmann, The Other, Angry Samoans, The Revolvers, Guitar Gangsters, Sniffing Glue

2011
Beim 5. Ruhrpott Rodeo vom 11. bis 12. Juni am Flugplatz Schwarze Heide in Hünxe spielten folgende Bands:
 Misfits, The Damned, The Adicts, Knochenfabrik, Troopers, Razzia, Die Kassierer, Die Lokalmatadore, Mad Sin, Antirockstars, Rasta Knast, Alarmsignal, The Movement, Distemper, Leatherface, Jello Biafra and the Guantanamo School of Medicine, Left for Dead, Jaya the Cat, Dödelhaie, Emscherkurve 77, Pascow, Modern Pets, The Grit, Abfukk, Dwarves

2012
Beim 6. Ruhrpott Rodeo vom 26. bis 27. Mai am Flugplatz Schwarze Heide in Hünxe spielten folgende Bands:
 Toy Dolls, Slime, Toxoplasma, Marky Ramone's Blitzkrieg, Talco, The Locos, Betontod, Sondaschule, Dritte Wahl, The Creepshow, Die Lokalmatadore, The Idiots, D.O.A., Antiseen, Peter and the Test Tube Babies, Restarts, Jaya the Cat, Sarah Blackwood, Schmeisig, Zwakkelmann, Milenrama, Jenny Woo, Frau Potz, Jingo de Lunch, Dayglo Abortions, Victim's Family

2013

Beim 7. Ruhrpott Rodeo vom 18. bis 19. Mai am Flugplatz Schwarze Heide in Hünxe spielten folgende Bands:
 Ska-P, Black Flag, The Adicts, Mad Caddies, Sondaschule, Dritte Wahl, Die Kassierer, UK Subs, Mad Sin, Zaunpfahl, Knochenfabrik, The Skatoons, Monsters of Liedermaching, Cockney Rejects, Michel Unplugged, Eisenpimmel, Boskops, Das Pack, Zwakkelmann, El Fisch, Bonsai Kitten, Kein Hass da, The Baboon Show, The Generators, Strung Out, Sonic Boom Six, Tim Vantol, The Queers, Argy Bargy, Nothington

2014
Das 8. Ruhrpott Rodeo vom 29. bis 31. Mai am Flugplatz Schwarze Heide in Hünxe fand erstmals drei Tage lang statt. Es spielten folgende Bands:
 Bad Religion, Pennywise, Terrorgruppe, Turbonegro, Millencollin, Cock Sparrer, Irie Revoltes, Dritte Wahl, ZSK, Talco, The Boys, Die Lokalmatadore, Knochenfabrik, 4 Promille, Jaya the Cat, Slaughter and the Dogs, Abstürzende Brieftauben, The Creepshow, Massendefekt, Lurkers, TV Smith, Götz Widmann, Peter and the Test Tube Babies, Buster Shuffle, Die Mimmis, Emscherkurve 77, Montreal, Divakollektiv, Turbostaat, Zwakkelmann, Meg'n'Jez, Chuck Ragan, Against Me!, Tragedy, Die Bullen, Frantic Flintstones, Prima Donna, Giuda, Control, Christian Steiffen, Liedfett, Elvis Pummel, Northcote, Cyanide Pills

2015
Das 9. Ruhrpott Rodeo vom (21. Zeltplatzeröffnung) 22. bis 24. (25. Zeltplatzschließung) Mai am Flugplatz Schwarze Heide in Hünxe fand drei Tage lang statt. Es spielten unter anderem folgende Bands:
 Refused,  New Model Army, Stiff Little Fingers, Danko Jones, The Addicts, Die Kassierer, Agnostic Front, Subhumans, Sondaschule, Feine Sahne Fischfilet, Mudhoney, Knorkator, The Exploited, Die Lokalmatadore, Pascow, Knochenfabrik, The Real McKenzies, Götz Widmann, Antilopen Gang, The Godfathers, Abstürzende Brieftauben, Christian Steiffen, Satanic Surfers, Schmeisig, Dritte Wahl unter dem Pseudonym "Die Fliegen", The Baboon Show

2016
Das 10. Ruhrpott Rodeo vom 5. bis 7. August am Flugplatz Schwarze Heide in Hünxe fand drei Tage lang statt. Es spielten unter anderem folgende Bands:
 Descendents, NOFX, WIZO, Suicidal Tendencies, Turbonegro, Dritte Wahl,  Michael Monroe,  Christian Steiffen, The Baboon Show, Jello Biafra and the Guantanamo School of Medicine, Eisenpimmel, Henry Rollins, Knochenfabrik, Monsters of Liedermaching, Talco, Reagan Youth,

2017
Das 11. Ruhrpott Rodeo vom 21. bis 23. Juli am Flugplatz Schwarze Heide in Hünxe fand drei Tage lang statt. Es spielten unter anderem folgende Bands:
 Bad Religion, Terrorgruppe, The Adicts, Cock Sparrer, Slime, Irie Revoltes, Ignite, Bouncing Souls, Fehlfarben, Swiss und die anderen, Zebrahead, Samiam, Knochenfabrik, ZSK, Die Lokalmatadore, Die Kassierer, Rawside, Rummelsnuff, Rantanplan, Rasta Knast, Jaya the Cat, Götz Widmann, Snuff, Zwakkelmann, Distemper, D.O.A., The Locos, Peter and the Test Tube Babies, Acidez, Schmeisig, Männi, Yellow Cap,

2018
Das 12. Ruhrpott Rodeo fand vom 6. bis 8. Juli am Flugplatz Schwarze Heide in Hünxe statt. Es spielten folgende Bands:
 Dritte Wahl, Pennywise, WIZO, Feine Sahne Fischfilet, Dead Kennedys, Anti-Flag, Toy Dolls, Sick of It All, Rogers, Mark Foggo, Discharge, Schmeisig für die erkrankten Turbostaat, Antilopen Gang, Booze & Glory, The Baboon Show, Cryssis, Bad Manners, The Offenders, Lokalmatadore, Svetlanas, The Dwarves, Pascow, Monsters of Liedermaching, The Wonks, Götz Widmann, The Other, ZSK, Cockney Rejects, GBH, No Fun at All, Es war Mord, Knochenfabrik, A Wilhelm Scream, Sondaschule mit Akustikset als Special Guest, Liedfett, Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein, Eisenpimmel, Richie Ramone, Shoshin, Der Butterwegge, Les 3 Fromages, Es war Mord, Bahnbrechender Scheiss, Los Pepes, The Sex Pistols Experience, Blenden, Kloode, Einsturz

2019
Das 13. Ruhrpott Rodeo fand vom 6. bis 8. Juli am Flugplatz Schwarze Heide in Hünxe statt. Es spielten folgende Bands:

 Hellacopters, Ska-P, The Mighty Mighty Bosstones, Acht Eimer Hühnerherzen, Agnostic Front, Blümchen, Chefdenker, Cro-Mags, Cryssis, Die Kassierer, Die Lokalmatadore, D.I.,  Ferris MC, Götz Widmann, Grindhouse, Hammerhead, Hank Van Hell, Ignite, Kurt Baker Combo, Male, Mal Éléve, Marky Ramone's Blitzkrieg feat. Greg Hetson, Me First and the Gimme Gimmes, Millencolin, Monsters of Liedermaching, Montreal, Mr Marcaille, Negative Approach, Oxo86, Paddy and the Rats, Poison Idea, Rabble Rousers, Sondaschule, Sookee, Swiss + Die Andern, Talco, The Briefs, The Casualties, Turbostaat

2020
Auf Grund der COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland musste das Festival 2020 abgesagt werden. Gleichzeitig wurde das Festival für 2021 angekündigt. Es soll am 2. bis 4. Juli stattfinden. Alle Karten behalten ihre Gültigkeit.

Besucherzahlen

Weblinks

 Offizielle Website

Einzelnachweise

Punk-Festival
Rockfestival in Deutschland
Musikveranstaltung in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Erstveranstaltung 2007
Kultur (Hünxe)
Veranstaltung im Kreis Wesel
:Kategorie:Kultur (Hünxe)

Ruhrpott Rodeo


Tarla kuşu (Alauda arvensis), çayır kuşu, toygar, turgay isimleri ile de bilinen, toygargiller (Alaudidae) familyasına ait küçük,  ötücü bir kuş türü.

Özellikleri
100'e yakın kuş türünün sesini taklit ettiği söylenir.

Beslenme

Tohum, dane, salyangoz ve böceklerle beslenir.

Yayılışı

Avrupa, Asya ve Kuzey Afrika'da yayılış gösterir. Türkiye'de de yaygın olarak görülürler.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 BBC websitesinde Tarlakuşları
 bbc.co.uk-doğal ortamlarında tarla kuşları
 saffie.info
 Tarlakuşu SAFFIE website

Türkiye'deki kuşlar
Toygargiller
Carl Linnaeus tarafından adlandırılmış taksonlar

Tarla kuşu