The Travis Walton incident was an alleged alien abduction of American forestry worker Travis Walton on November 5, 1975, while he was part of a logging crew in the Apache–Sitgreaves National Forests near Heber, Arizona.  Walton was reported missing to law enforcement, who organized multiple search parties to look for the missing man.  After five days and six hours, shortly after midnight on November 12, Walton called his sister from a payphone in Heber where he claimed to have re-appeared after the abduction.

Within days, Walton sold his story to tabloid The National Enquirer, which published the account nationwide and awarded the crew a $5,000 prize. In 1978, Walton wrote a book about his purported abduction titled The Walton Experience, which was adapted into the 1993 film Fire in the Sky.  Walton's case received mainstream publicity and Walton remains a regular guest on TV shows and podcasts.

The Walton incident is widely regarded as a hoax, even by believers of UFOs and alien abductions. They note that the Waltons were longtime UFO buffs and pranksters who had recently watched a TV movie about a supposed alien abduction.  They suggest one motive for the hoax was to provide an "Act of God" that would allow the logging crew to avoid a steep financial penalty from the Forestry Service for failing to complete their contract by the deadline.

Background
In the Spring of 1972,  the National Enquirer tabloid began advertising a $50,000 prize for proof of extraterrestrial visitors.  By 1975, the prize had been raised to $100,000.

Travis Walton and the Turkey Springs forestry job

Travis Walton was born around 1953 to Mary Walton (later Mary Walton Kellott).  Walton would later admit to experimentation with marijuana, stimulants, and LSD during his "early wild years".  On May 5, 1971, Travis Walton and associate Carl Rogers pleaded guilty to breaking into the offices of the Western Molding Company, stealing company checks, forging and then cashing them.  The pair were placed on probation for two years, after which they were allowed to plead not guilty and "cleanse their records".

In 1975, Travis, age 22, was a member of a seven-person logging crew led by Carl's older brother Michael H. Rogers, age 28.  The year prior, Rogers won a bid for a federal contract to thin out small trees from an area known as Turkey Springs in the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest when he underbid two other contractors.  The Turkey Springs job called for the thinning of 1,277 acres by August 1975.  Rogers requested, and was granted, an extension until November 10.  On October 16, a Forestry Service inspector visited the site and concluded the job could not possibly be completed by the deadline.  Failure to complete the job could lead to a $2,500 penalty and a disqualification from bidding on future Forestry Service contracts.

On October 20, Rogers wrote to his Forestry Service contracting officer: "I cannot honestly say whether or not we will finish on time. However, we are working every day with as much manpower as I can hire. I will not stop work until the job is finished or until I am asked to stop. I have had considerable trouble keeping a full crew on the job. The area is very thick and the guys have poor morale because of this.... We will keep working and trying hard."

Barney Hill and NBC's The UFO Incident

On October 20, 1975, the same night that Rogers wrote to the Forestry Service, the NBC network aired a prime-time special: The UFO Incident, a made-for-TV movie about an alleged alien abduction. The film starred James Earl Jones as Barney Hill, who had undergone a hypnosis session with a psychiatrist in 1964, after which he reported recollections of an alien abduction. Recovered-memory therapy is not based on scientific evidence, and recovered memories are indistinguishable from false memories.

The film aired two weeks before the Travis Walton UFO incident, prompting suggestions that the film inspired Rogers and Walton to concoct their own alleged abduction story. Psychologists and skeptics argued that "after viewing this movie, any person with a little imagination could now become an instant celebrity" by claiming an abduction, concluding that "one of those instant celebrities was Travis Walton."

According to researcher Philip J. Klass, shortly before his disappearance, Travis told his mother not to worry if he were ever abducted by aliens because he would return safe and sound.

Travis Walton reported missing
On November 5, 1975, logging crew chief Michael H. Rogers reported Travis Walton missing to the Navajo County Sheriff. Six members of the logging crew claimed they were driving down a forest road when they saw a lighted object above the ground near the roadway. They reported that Walton got out of the truck and ran towards the object, which shone a light on him. They said they drove away in fear, only to return 15 minutes later to find both Walton and the light missing. At 7:45 PM, a member of the logging crew called officer L.C. Ellison. Ellison, Sheriff Marlin Gillespie, and Deputy Kenneth Coplan drove to Heber to meet with the loggers. Rogers and two crew members agreed to return to Turkey Springs with the three officers, while the three other crew members refused to return and instead drove home in Rogers's vehicle. The five men searched Turkey Springs until shortly after midnight, when Sheriff Gillespie paused the search until the morning.

Around 1:30 AM, Navajo County Deputy Sheriff Kenneth Coplan and Rogers visited Walton's mother. According to Coplan, when he informed her of the disappearance, she said, "Well, that's the way these things happen." Coplan said he was shocked by how calmly she took the news and her general lack of surprise. Walton, his older brother Duane, and his mother were described by the sheriff as "longtime students of UFOs". Because Travis Walton's mother lived in a ranch house without telephone service,  Rogers drove her into town so she could call Travis's brother Duane and their sister while Coplan followed. Around 3:00 AM, Walton's mother called her daughter, waking her; Deputy Coplan was again shocked at how well Travis's family took the news.

Missing person investigation

The following day, November 7, a search party of nearly 50 people scoured the Turkey Springs area, but failed to find Travis or any signs of an altercation. Law enforcement were surprised when, after a few hours, Travis's mother told them "I don't think there is any use of looking any further. He's not around here. I don't think he's on this earth." Sheriff Gillespie then dismissed the volunteers. However the following morning, November 8, Rogers and Duane Walton complained in person about the discontinued search. As a result, Sheriff Gillespie assembled another search party which included a helicopter.

Regional papers covered the story on November 8, and that day, a member of a Phoenix-based UFO interest group recorded a 65-minute interview with logging crew chief Mike Rogers and Travis's older brother Duane Walton;  At no point during the interview did either express any fear or concern for Travis, rather they expressed confidence that Travis would be returned.  During the interview, Rogers discussed the logging contract, saying "This contract we have is seriously behind schedule. In fact, Monday the time is up. We haven't done any work on it since Wednesday  because of this thing, and therefore it won't be done. I hope they take that into account." Forestry contracts included an Act of God clause that excused contractors who were delinquent due to unforeseeable circumstances.

During the interview, Duane revealed that he, Travis, and their mother were UFO buffs who had previously discussed that if they ever saw a UFO, they would "immediately get directly under the object" because the "opportunity" to go aboard a UFO would be "too great to pass up". Duane repeatedly insisted that Travis was "not even missing. He knows where he's at and I know where he's at".

On November 9, law enforcement continued the search for Travis, until late afternoon when Walton's mother again requested the search be halted.
By November 10, stories of Walton's disappearance were being published throughout the US, UK, and Canada. On November 11, the press reported that Travis's mother felt any further searching for Travis would be useless. Also on November 11, Rogers and the five other members of the logging crew were interrogated by Arizona Dept. of Public Safety polygraph examiner C.E. Gilson to determine if the men had murdered Travis Walton. All denied having harmed Travis—Gilson opined that five out of the six men were being truthful and described results for the  sixth man, Allen Dalis, as "inconclusive".

Walton returns
On November 12, shortly after midnight, Walton placed  a collect call to his sister's home from a payphone in Heber, Arizona.  He reached her husband, Grant Neff, who then drove to pick up Duane and proceeded to Heber to pick up Travis;  Neff later reported he initially thought the caller was intoxicated.  As part of the collect call procedure, Travis told the operator his name;  She recognized his name as that of the missing man and alerted Sheriff Gillespie, who dispatched a Deputy to the family ranch house.

Deputy Glen Flake arrived at 2:00 AM, where he witnessed Duane Walton transferring fuel from one car to another after having forgotten to purchase gas before local stations closed.  Flake did not reveal that they knew Travis had returned home, and Duane did not tell the deputy  that Travis had been found.

Seeking medical attention for Travis,  Duane reached out to a UFO researcher he'd met days prior;  the researcher referred them to "Dr." Lester Steward, a hypnotherapist.   Duane took Travis to meet with Steward, but his first words were that Travis needed a medical examination with lab tests and was not ready for hypnotic regression. Steward noted that Travis seemed "very confused" and reminiscent of drug addicts he'd treated.   Steward also noted that Travis had a small lesion on the inside crease of his right elbow, consistent with intravenous drug use.  After meeting with Steward, the Waltons returned to Duane's home where UFO researchers arranged a house call by two medical doctors who were also amateur UFO investigators.  When they arrived at 3:00 PM,  Duane forbade them to use their camera or tape recorder, nor would he allow them to ask Travis questions about his experience.   The doctors noted the presence of the apparent puncture mark and estimated it to be 24 to 48 hours old.

That day, stories of Travis's return had begun to spread, and press began calling Duane's home in an attempt to reach Travis.   Duane finally informed law enforcement of Travis's return, calling Sheriff Gillespie who insisted on seeing Travis immediately.   The sheriff drove the four hours into Glendale and arrived at 11:00 PM.   Duane and Travis demanded that Sheriff Gillespie not record the interview.

After a local UFO group facilitated the connection,  Duane and Travis moved into a suite at the Sheraton Inn in Scottsdale;   Costs were covered by The National Enquirer in exchange for exclusive access to Walton and his story.  On November 14, Travis skipped a polygraph interview with police, but that night, in the presence of Enquirer reporters, a doctor associated with a UFO group had a two-hour conversation with a hypnotized Travis about the incident.   The following day, November 15, Travis was interviewed by Jack McCarthy a free-lance polygraph examiner arranged by a UFO group and the Enquirer.    McCarthy concluded that Travis was engaged in a "gross deception" and had even been intentionally holding his breath in an attempt to "beat the machine".

On November 22,  Travis appeared on Phoenix television station KOOL where he was interviewed about the incident.  Travis claimed that he lost consciousness when struck by a beam of light, and that he awoke in a hospital-like room, being observed by three short, bald creatures. He says that he fought with them until a human wearing a helmet led Walton to another room, where he blacked out as three other humans put a clear plastic mask over his face. Walton has said that he remembers nothing else until he found himself walking along a highway five days later, with the flying saucer departing above him.

Publicity and popular culture
In the days following Walton's UFO claim, The National Enquirer awarded Walton and his co-workers a $5,000 prize for "best UFO case of the year" after they were said to have passed polygraph tests administered by the Enquirer and the Aerial Phenomena Research Organization (APRO).  Ufologist Jim Ledwith said, "For five days, the authorities thought he'd been murdered by his co-workers, and then he was returned." According to  Ledwith, "all of the co-workers who were there, who saw the spacecraft, they all took polygraph tests, and they all passed, except for one, and that one was inconclusive."

Skeptics include the story as an example of a UFO hoax promoted by a credulous media circus with the resulting publicity exploited by Walton to make money. UFO researcher Philip J. Klass, who agreed that Walton's story was a hoax perpetrated for financial gain, identified many discrepancies in the accounts of Walton and his co-workers. After investigating the case, Klass reported that the polygraph tests were "poorly administered", that Walton used "polygraph countermeasures," such as holding his breath, and that Klass uncovered an earlier failed test administered by an examiner who concluded the case involved "gross deception".

In 1978, Walton wrote the book The Walton Experience detailing his claims.  In 1993, the book served as the inspiration for the 1993 film Fire in the Sky, starring Robert Patrick as Mike Rogers, D.B. Sweeney as Travis Walton, Craig Sheffer as Allan Dallis, Peter Berg as David Whitlock, and Georgia Emelin as Dana Rogers.  Travis Walton made a cameo in the film. Paramount Pictures decided that Walton's account was "too fuzzy and too similar to other televised close encounters", so they ordered screenwriter Tracy Tormé to write a "flashier, more provocative" abduction story. On the opening day of Fire in the Sky – March 12, 1993 – Walton and Mike Rogers (the logging crew leader) appeared on the CNN program Larry King Live, which also featured Philip J. Klass.

Walton has occasionally appeared at UFO conventions or on television. He sponsors his own UFO conference in Arizona called the "Skyfire Summit".  In 2008,  Walton appeared on the Fox game show The Moment of Truth.  On January 19, 2021, Walton appeared on episode #1597 of the Joe Rogan Experience podcast. On August 25, 2023, he appeared in the fifth episode of the third season of How To with John Wilson, titled "How to Watch Birds".

Rogers-Walton dispute of 2021
On March 19, 2021,  Mike Rogers posted a statement to his Facebook page announcing "I, Michael H. Rogers, being of sound and rational mind, do hereby give notice that I am no longer to be considered a witness to Travis C. Walton's supposed abduction of November 5, 1975."   He later clarified: "Travis tried to keep a new remake of the movie a secret from me.  He has always had his big secrets that he has kept from me.  It angered me.  I tried over the last two weeks to reason with [him], but of no avail.  I don't believe Travis is an honest person, and therefore I want nothing to do with him."

On April 30, Rogers placed a call to producer Ryan Gordon, who was working on a new film about the Walton incident.   Gordon recorded the call without Rogers's knowledge, as permitted by Arizona law;  Two months later, on July 4, Gordon publicly posted audio from the call which featured Rogers explaining:  "We were talking in the woods one day... We were talking about creating a UFO hoax, okay? I don't know how the UFO got there. But I remember... when I was driving the truck and he jumped out, it was all deliberate. It was all a staged thing, okay? He ran up there and there was something about the UFO not being real, although it looked real." Rogers and Walton later reconciled and Rogers issued a statement retracting his alleged 'confession'.

Modern views

Waltons as UFO buffs and pranksters
Mike Rogers and the Waltons were known for their interest in UFOs.   One member of the logging crew recalled Mike Rogers and Travis Walton arguing about how UFOs can fly.  Rogers later acknowledged he had watched "the first part" of the recent television special that dramatized the Barney Hill "alien abduction" case, while the Waltons acknowledged prior discussions of wanting to be taken aboard a UFO.

The Walton family long had a reputation for pranks and practical jokes.  One neighboring family, the Gibsons, recalled being the target of multiple pranks.

Within four months of the incident, UFO author Raymond E. Fowler, himself a believer in UFOs and abductions, proposed that some members of the logging crew had been the victim of a hoax perpetrated by others in the crew.  Authors including Klass and Pflock argue that Travis Walton and Mike Rogers planned the incident.

As early as 1978, logging crew member Steve Pierce expressed suspicion that the incident had been a hoax.   Pierce noted that on the day of the incident, Rogers made the crew stay past dark whereas they usually ended work at 4:00 PM.   Pierce recalled that Walton did not work at all during the day of the incident, instead he slept in the truck while claiming to be ill "from carousing too much".   He also reported that Mike Rogers disappeared from the worksite for two hours that day.

National Enquirer misrepresented polygraph results
Authors including Michael Shermer and Philip Klass note that while the National Enquirer tabloid publicized the opinion of a private polygraph examiner who reported the witnesses as being truthful, it omitted all mention of Walton's prior polygraph examiner who concluded Walton was being "grossly deceptive". They further note that while law enforcement had conducted a polygraph examination of the logging crew during their missing persons investigation into Walton's disappearance, the objective of that investigation was to determine whether the crew had killed Walton, not to investigate UFOs.  Thus, they asked only four questions: three about violence against Walton and one asking if an unusual object was observed.

Science writer and skeptic, Michael Shermer opined:  "I think the polygraph is not a reliable determiner of truth. I think Travis Walton was not abducted by aliens. In both cases, the power of deception and self-deception is all we need to understand what really happened in 1975 and after."

Contrast with alien abduction syndrome
In the 1980s, reports of alien abductions became more widespread, promoted by authors Budd Hopkins, John E. Mack, and Whitley Strieber.  Folklorist Thomas E. Bullard notes that that stories of alien abductions exhibit a fairly consistent sequence and description of events. Scholars suggest that alien abduction syndrome is the result of sleep paralysis or false memory syndrome.

Walton didn't report paralysis, recovered memories or other common elements of an "alien abduction" narrative, leading Fire in the Sky screenwriter Tracy Tormé to opine "I don't think the Travis case is an abduction case...  it doesn't fit any of the other patterns as in the cases that were explored in [Budd Hopkin's book] Intruders...   So many witnesses, gone for five days...   So I think all those things break the mold and make this case unique.' Philip J. Klass noted that "a 'UFO-Abduction Mold' did yet not exist in 1975".

Possible role of fire lookout tower

Robert Sheaffer, a long-time writer for Skeptical Inquirer and a founding member of the UFO Subcommittee of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, has argued for decades that the Walton incident was a hoax.  Starting in 2021, Sheaffer promoted the hypothesis that Rogers and the Waltons made use of a nearby fire lookout tower to achieve their hoax.

While the crew typically traveled back to Heber via Black Canyon Road,  Sheaffer suggests they returned that night via Rim Road,  which passes by Gentry Tower:  a 70-foot-tall Forest Service fire lookout tower equipped with a generator, a 200 square-foot living space for the lookout, an outer metal catwalk, and a spotlight.  Sheaffer suggests Travis walked towards the tower, which was brightly lit above the tree tops, until an accomplice in the tower illuminated him with the spotlight.  Sheaffer proposes that when Rogers later drove the crew back to the supposed abduction site, they actually arrived at a different spot entirely—one closer to their Turkey Springs logging site.

See also
 List of reported UFO sightings

References

1975 hoaxes
1975 in Arizona
November 1975 events in the United States
1970s missing person cases
Alien abduction reports
American loggers
American male writers
Contactees
Hoaxes in the United States
People from Snowflake, Arizona
UFO sightings in the United States
UFO hoaxes

Travis Walton incident


Borka Pavićević  (srp.: Борка Павићевић; Kotor,  5. svibnja 1947. – Beograd, 30. lipnja 2019.), srbijanska aktivistica za ljudska prava, kolumnistica, dramaturginja, osnivačica i izvršna direktorica Centra za kulturnu dekontaminaciju (CZKD) u Beogradu.

Životopis
Rođena je 1947. godine u Kotoru. Kao dijete preselila se u Beograd, gdje je nakon završene osnovne škole upisala Desetu beogradsku gimnaziju, a potom Akademiju za kazalište, film, radio i televiziju. Diplomirala je 1971. godine, a na istoj akademiji završila je i magistarske studije, 1976. godine.

Bila je podržavalac liberalizma i pacifizma, osnivačica teatra Nove senzibilnosti u staroj beogradskoj pivari, 1981. godine. Od 1984. do 1991. godine učestvovala je u umjetničkom pokretu "KPGT"-a. Početkom devedesetih godina bila je umjetnički direktor Beogradskog dramskog kazališta, koje je napustila zbog političkih nesuglasica. Pavićevićeva je bila i dramaturginja Ateljea 212, BITEF-a, dok od 1995. godine vodi Centar za kulturnu dekontaminaciju, a suosnivač je nevladine organizacije Beogradski krug.

Pavićevićeva se bavila i publicistikom. Pisala je za Susret, Književne novine i NIN. Imala je kolumnu u listu Danas.

Centar za kulturnu dekontaminaciju, koji je osnovala Pavićevićeva, posvećen je stvaranju katarze, gdje je organizirano više od 5.000 događaja, izložbi, prosvjeda i predavanja. Bila je jedna od potpisnika deklaracije Pokreta građanskog otpora u 2012. godini i koautor knjige Beograd, moj Beograd.

Preminula je u 72. godini, 30. lipnja 2019. godine u Beogradu.

Djela
 Na ex: postdejtonska moda 1997/98. (Beograd, 1999)
 Glava u torbi (Beograd, 2017)

Nagrade
 Nagrada Oto Rene Kastiljo za političko kazalište, New York (2000.)
 Nacionalni orden Legije časti od Vlade Republike Francuske (2001.)
 Nagrada Hirošima fondacije za mir i kulturu (2004.)
 Nagrada Osvajanje slobode Zaklade Maja Maršićević Tesić, za djela koja potvrđuju principe ljudskih prava, vladavine prava, demokracije i tolerancije (2005.)
 Nagrada Routes, Amsterdam (2009./2010.)

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Borka Pavićević
 Borka Pavićević

Životopisi, Beograd
Srbijanski borci za ljudska prava

Borka Pavićević


Andrei Horvath (n. 30 noiembrie 1870, Oradea – d. 28 februarie 1929) a fost un delegat în Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, organismul legislativ reprezentativ al "tuturor românilor din Transilvania, Banat și Țara Ungurească", cel care a adoptat hotărârea privind Unirea Transilvaniei cu România, la 1 decembrie 1918.

Biografie
Tatăl său, George Horvath, a fost paroh ortodox în Oradea. Andrei Horvath a urmat școala primară la Oradea, iar studiile liceale le-a făcut atât la Oradea, cât și la Brașov. A studiat teologia la Arad, fiind apoi numit capelan la Velența, în anul 1894.În 1912, a fost numit protopop al Oradei. Din 1919 a fost deputat eparhial, fiind ales și în senatul bisericesc al Consistoriului Mitropolitan din Sibiu. A decedat la 28 februarie 1929, la vârsta de 59 de ani.

Activitatea politică

S-a remarcat prin faptul că a fost ales, în mai multe rânduri, senator în Guvernul Averescu. De asemenea, a fost președinte al clubului Partidului Poporului din Bihor. Ca deputat în Adunarea Națională din 1 decembrie 1918 a reprezentat, ca delegat de drept, Protopopiatul Oradea.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ioan I. Șerban, Dorin Giurgiu, Ionela Mircea, Nicolae Josan, Dicționarul personalităților Unirii. Trimișii românilor transilvăneni la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, Muzeul Național al Unirii, Alba Iulia, 2003, ISBN 973-8141-90-7
 Gelu Neamțu, Mircea Vaida-Voevod, 1 decembrie 1918. Mărturii ale participanților, vol. I-II, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2005, ISBN 973-27-1258-9 (vol. I); ISBN 973-27-1264-3 (vol. II)

Lectură suplimentară
 Daniela Comșa, Eugenia Glodariu, Maria M. Jude, Clujenii și Marea Unire, Muzeul Național Transilvania, Cluj-Napoca, 1998
 Florea Marin, Medicii și Marea Unire, Editura Tipomur, Târgu Mureș, 1993
 Silviu Borș, Alexiu Tatu, Bogdan Andriescu, (coord.), Participanți din localități sibiene la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, Editura Armanis, Sibiu, 2015

Legături externe
  Membrii de drept ai Marii Adunării Naționale de la Alba-Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, lista publicată în "Gazeta Oficială", Sibiu, nr. 1, 1/14 decembrie 1918

Vezi și
 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Nașteri în 1870
Decese în 1929
Preoți români
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Protopopi români

Andrei Horvath


El término Rozy Luksemburg  o Rozi Luksemburg (), "Rosa Luxemburgo", puede referirse a:

Rozy Liuksemburg (Anapa, Krasnodar), localidad del ókrug urbano de la ciudad de Anapa del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia.
Rozy Liuksemburg (Kavkázskaya, Krasnodar), localidad del raión de Kavkázskaya del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia.
Rozy Liuksemburg (Lípetsk), localidad del óblast de Lípetsk, en Rusia.
Rozy Liuksemburg (Rostov), localidad del óblast de Lípetsk, en Rusia.
Rozy Liuksemburg (Samara), localidad del óblast de Samara, en Rusia.

Rozy Liuksemburg (Dnipropetrovsk), localidad del óblast de Dnipropetrovsk, en Ucrania.
Rozy Liuksemburg (Dobropilia, Donetsk), localidad del raión de Dobropilia del óblast de Donetsk, en Ucrania.
Rozy Liuksemburg (Novoazovsk, Donetsk), localidad del raión de Novoazovsk del óblast de Donetsk, en Ucrania.
Rozy Liuksemburg (Jerson), localidad del óblast de Jerson, en Ucrania.

Rozy Liuksemburg


Six ships of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Marigold, after the marigold flower:

 , a 22-gun ship captured from the Portuguese in 1650 and sold 1658
 Marigold, a 3-gun hoy, a 42-ton vessel built at Portsmouth Dockyard in 1653 and broken up in 1712
 , a 4-gun fireship purchased in 1673 and lost in action in August of that year
 , a 44-gun fourth rate captured from Algeria in 1677 and wrecked 1679
 , an  sloop launched in 1915 and sold 1920
 , a  launched in 1940 and sunk December 1942

Royal Navy ship names

HMS Marigold


Blacktown is a suburb in the City of Blacktown, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Blacktown is located  west of the Sydney central business district. It is one of the most multicultural places within Greater Sydney.

History

Prior to the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, the area of today's Blacktown was inhabited by different groups of the Darug people including the Warmuli, based around what is now Prospect, and their neighbours the Gomerigal from the South Creek area and the Wawarawarry from the Eastern Creek area. It is estimated that fifty to ninety percent of the Darug died of smallpox and other introduced diseases within a few years of the British arrival. Governor Arthur Phillip began granting land in the area to white settlers in 1791. In 1819 Governor Lachlan Macquarie granted land to two indigenous men, Colebee and Nurragingy as payment for their service to The Crown, for assisting Cox with the road over the Blue Mountains and in dealing with Aboriginal issues.

In 1823, the Native Institution (a school for Aboriginal children) was moved from Parramatta to the site where Richmond Road meets Rooty Hill Road North (this intersection is now in the suburbs of Oakhurst and Glendenning) which was named "The Blacks Town".  The institution was then known as Black Town Native Institute and it was synonymous with the stolen generation. Although the institution closed in 1833, the road heading out to the Institute became known as the Black Town Road. In 1860 the Railway Department gave the name of Black Town Road Station to the railway station at the junction of the railway and the Black Town Road, with the name shortening to Blacktown by 1862.

The arrival of the railway led to the formation of a town around the station. A post office was opened in 1862 and a school in 1877. In 1906, the Shire of Blacktown was formed and in 1930, electricity was introduced to the town. The population in 1933 was then around 13,000. In the 1950s and 1960s, there was a large amount of suburban development both in the current suburb of Blacktown and the new suburbs that sprung up around it. This led to civic development in the town centre with the hospital opening in 1965, the courthouse and police station in 1966, the library in 1967 and the TAFE college in 1969. In 1973, the Westpoint shopping centre opened which was soon followed by the cinema complex.

Climate
Blacktown experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa/Cfb, Trewartha: Cfbl/Cfal), with moderately hot, moderately rainy summers and cold, moderately dry winters, and experiences precipitation year-round. Like Greater Western Sydney, Blacktown has a greater annual temperature range between winter and summer, and receives less precipitation than on Sydney Observatory Park.

Summers are moderately hot and humid, having a similar average temperature to Port Jackson, but diurnal temperature range is higher from the lack of coastal sea breezes from the Tasman Sea, which only make up to the suburb of Homebush, which is east of Blacktown, which also reduces summer precipitation . In addition, 29.6 days will exceed 30 °C (86 °F), which is more than twice as common compared to Observatory Park, which only records 11.1 days exceeding the same threshold. Extremes range from 41.7 °C (107.1 °F) on 30 December 1965 to 8.3 °C (46.9 °F) on 2 February 1965.

Winters are cold and moderately dry. Due to its inland position further from the Tasman Sea, it typically records 11.0 nights below 5 °C (41 °F) and 2.3 nights below 0 °C (32 °F), which is cold compared to the Sydney CBD, which on an average year, records zero nights below 5 °C (41 °F), allowing light frosts on many winter mornings. Southwesterly winds, known as frontal lows often affect Blacktown in the winter, but lose much of their moisture over the Victorian Alps and Great Dividing Range, making this the driest season in Blacktown. Extremes range from 27.8 °C (82.0 °F) on 25 August 1972 to -3.9 °C (25.0 °F) on 16 July 1970.

Commercial area
The Blacktown Commercial Business District is located close to Blacktown railway station. Westpoint Blacktown is a major shopping centre and there are a number of small shops, restaurants and hotels in the surrounding area. Westpoint also houses a western suburb television studio of the Nine Network. The Blacktown CBD features the following landmarks:
 An Australian Catholic University campus
 Blacktown City Council corporate head office
 Blacktown Courthouse
 Blacktown Hospital
 Blacktown Workers Club
 Cucina Locale Revolving Restaurant
 Max Webber Library – Blacktown City Council's central library
 Patrician Brothers' College Blacktown
 Nagle College Blacktown
A notable Blacktown retailer in the 1950s was Frank Lowy who conducted a delicatessen and small goods shop in Main Street.

Transport
According to the 2006 census, the most common way of getting to work from Blacktown was by car (74%) with public transport used by just under twenty percent. Most public transport was done by train (17%) with five percent catching buses for all or part of their journey. Blacktown railway station is on the North Shore & Western Line and the Cumberland Line of the Sydney Trains network. A major bus interchange is located next to the station and an underground bus station is at the entrance to Westpoint. Blacktown is a terminus of the North-West T-way.

Busways provides services to Northern areas (Rouse Hill, Castle Hill, Kellyville, Glenwood and Stanhope Gardens), West areas (Mount Druitt, Plumpton, Oakhurst, Quakers Hill, Dean Park, Woodcroft) and South districts (Prospect, Arndell Park, Huntingwood, Tallawong, Doonside, Blacktown Hospital), whilst CDC NSW provides Eastern services (Macquarie Park, Seven Hills, Parramatta, Kings Langley).

Schools

The first school, a single-storey brick building with gables, was opened in 1877. While no longer in use as a school, the building in Flushcombe Road is now used as a Visitor Information Centre. It is the oldest remaining building in the Blacktown CBD and is heritage-listed.

Government-run primary schools in the area include: Blacktown North Public School, Blacktown South Public School, Blacktown West Public School, Lynwood Park Public School, Marayong South Public School, Shelley Public School, and Walters Road Public School. Public high schools include: Blacktown Boys High School, Blacktown Girls High School, Evans High School and Mitchell High School. There is also the Coreen School, which caters to older children with learning difficulties.

There are two Catholic primary schools, St Michael's and St Patrick's, and two Catholic high schools, Nagle College for girls and Patrician Brothers' College Blacktown for boys. Tyndale Christian School is a private school accepting children from kindergarten to year 12.

Blacktown Arts Centre

Blacktown Arts Centre is located at 78 Flushcombe Road on the highest point of land in the Blacktown CBD.

Originally built in the 1950s as an Anglican church, the building was deconsecrated in 1999. Originally acquired by Blacktown Council as a site for a car park, the Council in partnership with Arts NSW subsequently refurbished the building as a multi-arts centre.

The centre opened to the public in October 2002. In 2006 the centre underwent a multimillion-dollar refit and extension. The building reopened in April 2007 with facilities for performance, extended visual art galleries, workshop space and enhanced administrative areas.

Sport and recreation
 Blacktown Stadium part of Blacktown Olympic park – capacity 10,000
 Fairfax Community Stadium (Used by NSWPL team Blacktown City Demons) –  7,500 capacity (1,200 seated)
 Blacktown Baseball Stadium (Baseball) 5,000 capacity (1,200 seated)
 Blacktown Softball Stadium (Softball) 5,000 capacity (1,100 seated)
 Blacktown Showground (festivals and cultural events/activities)
 Village Green & Civic Centre (Community events. Known as "Blacktown's Dancers Lane")
PCYC Blacktown
 Blacktown Aquatic Center
 Blacktown Norwegian Ice Bathing Club
 Bungarribee Park
 Featherdale Wildlife Park
 Alpha Park
 Blacktown Olympic Park
 Grantham Reserve

Media
Blacktown is served by local newspaper Blacktown Advocate and community radio station SWR Triple 9.

Population

Demographics
According to the , there were 47,176 residents in the suburb of Blacktown. 46.1% of people were born in Australia. The most common countries of birth were India 13.3%, Philippines 5.4%, China 2.5%, New Zealand 2.2% and Fiji 2.0%. 44.2% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Punjabi 8.9%, Hindi 5.0%, Arabic 4.0%, Tagalog 3.2% and Gujarati 2.4%. The most common responses for religion in Blacktown were Catholic 25.3%, No Religion 14.1%, Hinduism 12.3% and Anglican 8.6%.

Religious destinations

Islam
Blacktown Mosque and Ghausia Masjid serve as the main Islamic religious places for the area.

Hinduism
No proper temples exist.

Notable people
 Josh Addo-Carr, rugby league footballer for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
 Blake Austin, rugby league footballer
 Kurtley Beale, rugby union player for the Wasps RFC and Australia
 Bob Brown, a former Greens Australian Senator, was raised here
 Reagan Campbell-Gillard, rugby league footballer for the Penrith Panthers was born here
 Charles Casuscelli RFD MP, Member for Strathfield NSW Parliament was raised here
 Anita Cobby, murder victim, lived with her parents in Blacktown at the time of her death
 Darren Coleman, rugby union coach
 Toni Collette, actress
 Ben Creagh, rugby league, player for the St. George Illawarra Dragons
 Damian Cudlin, a professional motorcycle racer, was born here
 Brett Delaney, rugby league footballer was born and raised here
 Joel Edgerton, actor
 Andrew Fifita, rugby league footballer for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
 David Fifita, rugby league footballer
 Danny Galea, rugby league footballer, lived and went to school here
 Mark Geyer, rugby league footballer for the Penrith Panthers
 Matt Geyer, rugby league footballer for the Melbourne Storm
 Wade Graham, rugby league footballer for the Cronulla Sharks was born here
 Timothy Hodge, Paralympic swimmer
 Calum Hood, bassist of 5 Seconds of Summer
 Hush, A Glam Rock Band formed in 1971 in Seven Hills
 Brad Izzard, rugby league footballer
 George Jennings, rugby league footballer
 Michael Jennings, rugby league footballer for the Parramatta Eels
 Robert Jennings, rugby league footballer
 Julian Karikalan, Filmmaker
 Felix Lee, member of South Korean boy group Stray Kids
 Frank Lowy, Czech-born, Australia's leading philanthropist began his new life in Australia in Blacktown
 Feleti Mateo, rugby league footballer was born and raised here
 Taylan May, rugby league footballer
 Tyrone May, rugby league footballer
 Daniel Mookhey, 67th Treasurer of New South Wales
 Matt Moylan, rugby league footballer
 Courtney Nevin, soccer player for the Australia national team
 Northlane, a metalcore band formed in 2009
 Marlisa Punzalan, winner of the sixth season of The X Factor Australia
 The Radiators, A pub rock pop band formed in 1978
 Jarrod Sammut, rugby league footballer
 Gurinder Sandhu, Australian cricketer
 Colin Sieders, Australian paracanoeist and former racing driver
 Kyah Simon, soccer player for the Melbourne City FC and Australia
 Will Skelton, rugby union player for the NSW Waratahs and Australia
 Thy Art Is Murder, a deathcore band formed in 2006
 Mark Winterbottom, V8 Supercar driver for Ford
 Matthew Wright, rugby league footballer was raised here

References

External links

 Historic Sites of Blacktown
 http://www.cucinalocale.com.au/
 Blacktown and District Historical Society
 SYDNEY.com – Blacktown
   [CC-By-SA]
  [CC-By-SA]
 History of The Blacktown Show

Suburbs of Sydney
Populated places established in 1821
1821 establishments in Australia
City of Blacktown

Blacktown


9001 Slettebak este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
9001 Slettebak este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Stația Anderson Mesa de Edward L. G. Bowell. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,30 ua, o excentricitate de 0,23 și o înclinație de 7,6° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 9001-10000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1981
Centura de asteroizi

9001 Slettebak


East Coast Oi! Fest 2008 album uživo engleskog punk rock/oi! sastava The 4-Skins. Objavio ga je Index Records 2008. godine. Album čine snimke uživo 2008. godine na East Coat Oi! Fest-u u Allentownu, Pennsylvania. Album je objavljen u ograničenoj nakladi od 1000 primjeraka. Sadrži i dvije novepjesme, objavljene besplatno na službenim stranicama The 4 Skinsa. Obje su bile coveri Sladeovih pjesama Cum on Feel the Noize i Thanks for the Memories. Nastup u Allentownu bio je jedan od tri nastupa obnovljenih 4 Skinsa.

Popis pjesama
Popis pjesama:
	1984
 	Chaos 2007
 	Yesterday's Heroes
 	I Don't Wanna Die
 	Brave New World
 	Cum On Feel The NOi!ze
 	Evil
 	Clockwork Skinhead
 	A.C.A.B.
 	Jealousy
 	Wonderful World
 	Sorry
 	One Law For Them
 	Glory Days
 	Thanks For The Memories
 	Chaos

Osoblje
Osoblje na albumu:
Gary Hodges  – vokal
Graham Bacon - bas
Tom Brennan (Big Tom)  – bas gitara
Sedge Swatton – bubnjevi
 JM Designs - dizajn

Izvori

Punk
Albumi iz 2008.
Britanski glazbeni albumi

East Coast Oi! Fest 2008


José Alejo Capelo Cabelo (Equador, finais do século XIX - Guayaquil, 15 de novembro de 1973) foi um poeta, dramaturgo, escritor, tipógrafo, historiador e militante anarquista equatoriano, nascido a fins do século XIX.
Figura chave do anarquismo equatoriano, seu papel foi determinante para a formação de várias associações anarquistas.

Biografia
Fundou a Federação Regional de Trabalhadores do Equador, o grupo "Luz y Acción", e a Associação Gremial do Astillero.

Foi redactor e colaborador de publicações anarquistas e operárias como Tribuna Obrera, El Proletario, El Hambriento, Germinal, El Federal, e o jornal mexicano Tierra y Libertad.

Publicou o livro 15 de Novembro: uma jornada sangrenta, onde relata os acontecimentos do Massacre de operários em 15 de novembro de 1922.

Morreu o 15 de novembro de 1973 em Guayaquil.

Referências

Escritores do Equador
Historiadores anarquistas
Anarcossindicalistas
Anarquistas do Equador

Alejo Capelo


Gradsko-kotarska nogometna liga Rijeka, također i pod nazivima Gradsko-kotarsko prvenstvo Rijeke, Kotarsko nogometno prvenstvo Rijeke, Kotarska liga Rijeka je bila liga petog stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1960./61.
Sudjelovalo je ukupno 9 klubova, a prvak je bio "Lučki radnik" iz Rijeke.

Ljestvica
{| class="wikitable"
!mj. !!klub !!ut. !!pob. !!ner. !!por. !!gol+ !!gol- !!bod
|- bgcolor="gold"
|1. ||Lučki radnik Rijeka ||9 ||6 ||2 ||1 ||30 ||16 ||14
|-
|2. ||Pomorac Kostrena ||9 ||5 ||1 ||3 ||24 ||17 ||11
|-
|3. ||Rječina Dražice ||9 ||4 ||2 ||3 ||28 ||19 ||10
|-
|4. ||Klana ||9 ||5 ||0 ||4 ||18 ||19 ||10
|-
|5. ||Goranka Ravna Gora ||9 ||1 ||1 ||7 ||10 ||27 ||3
|-
|6. ||Viktor Lenac Rijeka ||5 ||1 ||0 ||4 ||5 ||17 ||2
|-
| ||Omladinac Vrata ||colspan="7" align="center"|<small> odustali
|-
| ||Primorac Šmrika ||colspan="7" align="center"|<small> odustali
|-
| ||Transjug Rijeka ||colspan="7" align="center"|<small> odustali
|}
 "Viktor Lenac"'' odustao nakon jesenskog dijela

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Povezani članci
 Podsavezna liga Rijeka 1960./61.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 Oskar Valenčić, Slavko Gržinić: Zlatni pir Nogometnog kluba "Klana" : [1931-1981], Rijeka, 1981., UDK: 796.332::061.2(497.13 Klana)"1931/1981", str. 85-87
 Niko Cvjetković: "SD "Borac" Bakar : 1920-1990.", Bakar, 1990., UDK:796(497.13 Bakar)"1920/1990", str. 176-181
 sportnet.hr forum, Ligaško vremeplov , objava od 20. studenog 2012., preuzeto 26. studenog 2019.
 kvarnerski.com, RIJEČKI NOGOMET 1955.-1970. (SPORT jučer&danas – 2), objavljeno 13. rujna 2013., pristupljeno 26. studenog 2019.
 kvarnerski.com, SAMO NA KVARNERSKOM: NOGOMET RIJEKE i OKOLICE dio 1. (1945-1991), objavljeno 25. srpnja 2013., pristupljeno 26. studenog 2019.

1960-61 Rijeka-2
Rijeka-2
1960-61 Rijeka

Gradsko-kotarska nogometna liga Rijeka 1960./61.


Jemenska kriza započeta je Revolucijom dostojanstva, jednom od intifada u sklopu Arapskoga proljeća, kojom je dotadašnji predsjednik Ali Abdullah Saleh zbačen s vlasti. Novoizabrane oporbene vlasti našle su se u brobi protiv Al-Kaide i drugih uporišta islamskog ekstremizma sa separatističkim predznakom. Uzrokovala je građanski rat 2015. godine, koji traje i danas.

U teškoj humanitarnoj krizi od gladi je preminulo 85 000 djece. Osim gladi, koja je pogodila 13 milijuna stanovnika, civilno stanovništvo trpi teške posljedice wpdiemije kolere, čije liječenje otežavaju zračni napadi na malobrojne bolnice.

Izvori

Povijest Jemena

Jemenska kriza


Max Baumbach, nacido en Wurzen el 28 de noviembre de 1859 y fallecido en Berlín el 4 de octubre de 1915, fue un escultor alemán perteneciente a la Escuela de Berlín.

Datos biográficos
Baumbach aprendió escultura con Fritz Schaper y Carl Begas en la Academia de las Artes de Prusia de Berlín. Expuso a partir de 1885 y presentó algunas obras en Múnich (1892) y Chicago (1893),  donde alcanzó notoriedad. Se especializó en obras monumentales a la gloria de los héroes alemanes y fue particularmente popular en su tiempo. Sus contemporáneos apreciaron su Monumento del Tiergarten, actualmente desaparecido, que se encontraba en la Avenida de la Victoria (en alemán Siegesallee) y que representaba a Otón III y Juan I de Brandenburgo (1213-1266), flanqueado por el rector Siméon de Colonia y Marsilius de Berlín.

Baumbach fue también autor de una estatua ecuestre de Alberto de Sajonia en Dresde, y otra de Federico III en Woerth, actualmente destruidas, así como un bronce representando a Seydlitz en Trebnitz.
<small> Pulsar sobre la imagen para ampliar.  </center>
También esculpió el grupo de los cinco príncipes protestantes de 1529, que pidieron la reforma protestante y que están en la Iglesia de la Conmemoración de Espira.
<small> Pulsar sobre la imagen para ampliar.  </center>
Max Baumbach está enterrado en el cementerio de Wilmersdorf de Berlín .

Otras obras
Galería de imágenes
<small>'' Pulsar sobre la imagen para ampliar. </center>

Notas y referencias

Notas

Enlaces externos
PND : 101540510X
VIAF: 179744716
 Wikipedia-Personeninfo

Enlaces externos

Escultores de Alemania del siglo XX
Escultores de Alemania del siglo XIX
Escultores de Alemania en Estados Unidos
Escultores de Sajonia
Alumnos de la Academia de las Artes de Prusia

Max Baumbach


الشهامة هي مدينة في إمارة أبوظبي في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة. تقع المدينة على بعد حوالي 30 كم من وسط مدينة أبوظبي عند ملتقى الخطين السريعين إ 10 وإ 11 الذين يربطان أبوظبي بإمارة دبي. كانت تعرف الشهامة قديما بأبومريخة وتغير اسمها في 1985 عند بدء أعمال التطوير فيها والتي أمر بها الشيخ زايد بن سلطان آل نهيان. تنقسم مدينة الشهامة إلى عدة مناطق أقدمها الشهامة القديمة التي تم بناؤها نهاية السبعينات وأحدثها هي الباهية الجديدة، وتحيط بالشهامة عدة مناطق وهي الرحبة والباهية القديمة والباهية الجديدة والشليلة والسمحة والطويلة والعجبان والصدر والفلاح الجديدة والفلاح القديمة وجزيرة ياس، وتعد المدينة من أهم المدن بإمارة أبوظبي لموقعها الإستراتيجي بين أبوظبي العاصمة ودبي.
تمتاز هذه المناطق بوجود مستشفى الرحبة والذي يقع في منطقة الرحبة B وبريد الإمارات الذي يقع في منطقة الرحبة C وديرفيلدز مول وعدة حدائق فازت بالعلم الاخضر مثل حديقة الرحبة وحديقة الباهية واخيرا مسابح خاصة للسيدات ومسابح عامة مجاناً.

مدن وقرى إمارة أبو ظبي

الشهامة (أبو ظبي)


Anne Archer (født 24. august 1947) er en amerikansk tv- og filmskuespiller. Hendes forældre var begge skuespillere (Marjorie Lord og John Archer).

Archer giftede sig med William Davis i 1968, men opløste senere ægteskabet. I 1978 giftede hun sig med Terry Jastrow. Archer har to sønner, en fra hvert ægteskab. I 1991 fortalte Archer om sin abort offentligt, og hun har været fortaler for Planned Parenthood (en amerikansk organisation, der blandt andet virker for alles ret til abort i USA).

Archers første store filmrolle var sammen med Jon Voight 1973 i filmen The All-American Boy. Hun arbejdede derefter off-Broadway i begyndelsen af 1980'erne. Et gennembrud for Archer var 1987 med thrilleren Farligt begær, hvor hun spiller konen til Michael Douglas' karakter. Hun blev rost for sin præstation og modtog en nominering til en Oscar for bedste kvindelige birolle. I 1992 spillede hun hustru til CIA-manden Jack Ryan i Patrioternes spil med Harrison Ford.

Hun er medlem af Scientologikirken og talskvinde for truppen Applied Scholastics. Archer er en af de berømtheder, der optræder i Scientologi Kirkens rekrutteringsfilm Orientation: A Scientologi Information Film. Hun blev i 1997 tildelt International Association of Scientologists "Freedom Medal." Hendes søn, Tommy Davis, var leder af Scientologikirkenes Celebrity Center i Hollywood indtil 2011 og har været taleskvinde for Scientologikirken i medierne, herunder BBCs dokumentarfilm Scientology and Me fra 2007.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra Californien
Personer fra Los Angeles
Amerikanere i 1900-tallet
Amerikanere i 2000-tallet
Scientologer

Anne Archer


Halosaccion, rod crvenih algi iz porodice Palmariaceae, dio reda Palmariales. Postoji osam priznatih vrsta.

Tipična je Halosaccion hydrophorum (Postels & Ruprecht) Kützing, sinonim za H. glandiforme morsku algu uz obalu Aljaske, Komandorskih otoka, Kamčatke i Ruskog dalekog istoka.

Vrste
 Halosaccion americanum I.K.Lee C
 Halosaccion fistulosum Ruprecht
 Halosaccion glandiforme (S.G.Gmelin) Ruprecht
 Halosaccion minjaii I.K.Lee
 Halosaccion saccatum (Lepechin) Kützing
 Halosaccion scopula Strömfelt
 Halosaccion tilesii Kjellman
 Halosaccion yendoi I.K.Lee

Izvori

Palmariaceae

Halosaccion


شبه جزيرة الرأس الأخضر  شبه جزيرة في السنغال تبلغ طولها حوالي 15 كيلومتر. تشكلت من الحمم البركانية في العصور القديمة. لها شكل مثلث. يغلب على سكانها قبيلة الليبو،سكنها البرتغالين عام 1444م ومن ثم الفرنسين عام 1857م.

مراجع

أشباه جزر إفريقيا
تضاريس السنغال
داكار

شبه جزيرة الرأس الأخضر


Ernesto Augusto de Hannover (Hildesheim, Baja Sajonia; 19 de julio de 1983) es hijo de Ernesto de Hannover y de su primera esposa, Chantal Hochuli.

Biografía

Nacimiento
Nació el 19 de julio de 1983 en Hildesheim, Baja Sajonia, Alemania Occidental, siendo el primer hijo de Ernesto de Hannover y su primera esposa, Chantal Hochuli.

Bautismo
Se celebró el 15 de octubre de 1983 en el palacio de Marienburg, Hannover. Tuvo como padrinos a Andrés (príncipe de Leiningen), Felipe Ernesto (príncipe de Schaumburg-Lippe), el rey Felipe VI de España, el rey Constantino II de Grecia, Maximiliano Andrés de Baden, Sachs Rolf, Esteban de Watzdorf, el príncipe Luis Rodolfo de Hannover y la princesa Alejandra Sofía de Hannover.

Hermanos
 Cristián Enrique Pablo Clemente Francisco Pedro Güelfo Guillermo Ernesto Federico Francisco, nacido el 1 de junio de 1985.

 Alejandra Carlota Ulrica María Virginia de Hannover Grimaldi, nacida el 20 de julio de 1999, hermana por parte de padre.

Estudios
Asistió a la Universidad de Malvern. Estudió en Nueva York.

Vida privada
Se comprometió con la diseñadora de moda rusa Ekaterina Malysheva durante un viaje a Grecia en agosto de 2016. La ceremonia civil se celebró el 6 de julio de 2017 en el Ayuntamiento de Hannover. La pareja contrajo matrimonio religioso el 8 de julio en la Iglesia del Mercado de Hannover y la fiesta posterior se celebró en el jardines de Herrenhäuser, ubicados a diez minutos de la parroquia. Ekaterina Malysheva nació en Apatity (Rusia) el 30 de julio de 1986, su padre es un magnate del petróleo ruso y su madre es actriz de teatro.

La pareja tiene dos hijas y un hijo:
 Princesa Isabel Tatiana Maximiliana Iacobella Faiza (nacida el 22 de febrero de 2018)
 Príncipe Güelfo Augusto Juan Fernando Carlos Guillermo Antonio Julio Mario (nacido el 14 de marzo de 2019)
 Princesa Eleanora Dina Daniela Alejandra (nacida el 26 de julio de 2021)

Títulos y tratamiento
 19 de julio de 1983 – 9 de diciembre de 1987: Su Alteza Real el príncipe Ernesto Augusto de Hannover, Duque de Brunswick-Luneburgo.
 9 de diciembre de 1987 – presente: Su Alteza Real el príncipe heredero de Hannover, Duque de Brunswick-Luneburgo.

Distinciones honoríficas
  Caballero Gran Cruz de la Orden de Ernesto Augusto (Casa Real de Hannover).

Ancestros

Referencias

Personas de Hannover
Príncipes de Hannover
Casa de Hannover
Nacidos en Hildesheim

Ernesto Augusto de Hannover (1983)


Huseftersynsordningen er en ordning under Sikkerhedsstyrelsen, der har til formål at beskytte køber og sælger mod problemer med fysiske mangler og skjulte skader ved overdragelse af ejendom i forbindelse med salg og køb.

Benyttelse af huseftersynordningen er frivillig. Ordningen indebærer, at sælger af en fast ejendom (ikke ejerlejligheder) kan frigøre sig for sit potentielle ansvar for mangler ved ejendommen ved at købe en tilstandsrapport hos en beskikket bygningssagkyndig og en elinstallationsrapport hos en elinstallatørvirksomhed, og tilbyde at betale halvdelen af forsikringspræmien for en ejerskifteforsikring. Har sælger gjort dette, er sælger fri for ansvar, hvis der efterfølgende konstateres mangler ved bygningen eller dens elinstallationer.

Kritik
Huseftersynsordningen er fra 1996, men har de seneste par år været udsat for kritik  , især udførslen af tilstandsrapporter og elinstallationsrapporter har været kritiseret.

Referencer

Ejendomsmarked

Huseftersynsordningen


Nahija Tell Hamis je nahija u okrugu Qamishli, u sirijskoj pokrajini Al-Hasakah. Po popisu iz 2004. (prije rata), nahija je imala 71.699 stanovnika. Administrativno sjedište je u naselju Tell Hamis.

Izvori

Sirijske nahije
Pokrajina Al-Hasakah

Tell Hamis (nahija)


Tysklands Grand Prix (Großer Preis von Deutschland) er et Formel 1-løb som har lange traditioner i sporten. Det blev første gang afholdt på Nürburgring i 1951, et løb som blev vundet af Alberto Ascari. Siden 2007 er løbet blevet arrangeret hvert andet år på Hockenheimring-banen i det nordvestlige Baden-Württemberg og hvert andet år på Nürburgring i Rheinland-Pfalz.

Vindere af Tysklands Grand Prix

Løb markeret med rosa baggrund var ikke en del af Formel 1-verdensmesterskabet.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Officielle hjemmeside

Tysklands Grand Prix


Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (AIMA) is a university textbook on artificial intelligence, written by Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig. It was first published in 1995 and the fourth edition of the book was released on 28 April 2020. It is used in over 1400 universities worldwide and has been called "the most popular artificial intelligence textbook in the world". It is considered the standard text in the field of artificial intelligence.
The book is intended for an undergraduate audience but can also be used for graduate-level studies with the suggestion of adding some of the primary sources listed in the extensive bibliography.  Programs in the book are presented in pseudo code with implementations in Java, Python, Lisp, JavaScript and Scala available online. There are also unsupported implementations in Prolog, C++, C#, and several other languages.

Editions

 1st 1995, red cover
 2nd 2003, green cover
 3rd 2009, blue cover
 4th 2020, purple cover

References

External links

1995 non-fiction books
2003 non-fiction books
2009 non-fiction books
2020 non-fiction books
Artificial intelligence publications
Cognitive science literature
Computer science textbooks
English-language books
Robotics books
Prentice Hall books


Hacienda San Antonio Cucul es una hacienda ubicada en la localidad de Mérida, municipio de Mérida, en Yucatán, México. Se encuentra en el fraccionamiento del mismo nombre al norte de la ciudad de Mérida, capital del estado de Yucatán.

Las haciendas en Yucatán
Las haciendas en Yucatán fueron organizaciones agrarias que surgieron a finales del siglo XVII y en el curso del siglo XVIII a diferencia de lo que ocurrió en el resto de México y en casi toda la América hispana, en que estas fincas se establecieron casi inmediatamente después de la conquista y durante el siglo XVII. Tuvieron una aparición tardía, por razones geográficas, ecológicas y económicas, particularmente la calidad del suelo y la falta de agua para regar.

Una de las regiones de Yucatán en donde se establecieron primero haciendas maiceras y después henequeneras, fue la colindante y cercana con Mérida. A lo largo de los caminos principales como en el "camino real" entre Campeche y Mérida, también se ubicaron estas unidades productivas. Fue el caso de los latifundios de Yaxcopoil, Xtepén, Uayalceh, Temozón, Itzincab y San Antonio Sodzil.

Ya en el siglo XIX, durante y después la llamada Guerra de Castas, se establecieron las haciendas henequeneras en una escala más amplia en todo Yucatán, particularmente en la región centro norte, cuyas tierras tienen vocación para el cultivo del henequén.

En el caso de San Antonio Cucul, al igual que la mayoría de las otras haciendas, dejaron de serlo, con peones para el cultivo de henequén, para convertirse en un ejido, es decir, en una unidad colectiva autónoma, con derecho comunitario de propiedad de la tierra, a partir del año 1937, después de los decretos que establecieron la reforma agraria en Yucatán, promulgados por el presidente Lázaro Cárdenas del Río. El casco de la hacienda permaneció como propiedad privada.

Toponimia
San Antonio se refiere a Antonio de Padua. Cucul en lengua maya significa llevar rodando.

Datos históricos
En 1690 se menciona por primera vez.
En 1783 es propiedad de Don Joseph Méndez.
En 1795 es propiedad del Teniente Coronel Don Diego Acevedo..
En la década de 1970 queda en poder del Ing. Erik Rubio Ancona.
 A finales del Siglo pasado, la Hacienda y los terrenos colindantes fueron declarados oficialmente Patrimonio Cultural del Municipio de Mérida.

Restauración
El casco de la hacienda fue totalmente remodelado en 2013 y convertido en la estancia de un hermoso conjunto residencial tipo boutique.  La restauración, a cargo del Arq. Salvador Reyes, se llevó a cabo con la invaluable participación del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia y de la oficina de Desarrollo Urbano del Municipio de Mérida. Se rescataron además otras estructuras de este monumento incluyendo la noria de sangre, arcos, restos de acueductos y los corrales originales.

Demografía
Según datos del INEGI, en 1960 la población de la localidad era de 3 habitantes, de los cuales 2 eran hombres y 1 eran mujeres.

Galería

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Las Haciendas en Yucatán

 www.sanantoniocucul.com

Toponimia maya
Haciendas de Yucatán
Localidades del municipio de Mérida (Yucatán)

San Antonio Cucul


Genç Osman Yavaş veya sahne adıyla Genç Osman, (d. 23 Mayıs 1971, İsviçre-Brugg) müzisyen, Mavisakal'ın solisti ve Hindiba grubunun kurucusu.

İsviçre, Windisch'de ilk ve orta öğrenim ve ABB'de Makine Mühendisliği stajyerliği eğitimi sonrasında Türkiye'ye dönmüş ve Marmara Üniversitesi Resim-Heykel Bölümü'nü bitirmiştir.

Goethe-Faust, Theodor Storm-Hayalet Süvari, Rainer Maria Rilke-Malte Laurids Brigge'nin Notları, Arthur Schnitzler-Rüya Romanı gibi klasik Alman edebiyatı çevirilerinin yanı sıra düzeltmenlik yapmıştır.

Mavisakal'ın sessizlik döneminde Genç Osman Yavaş, davulda Kürşad Ünügür, gitarda Kubilay Özvardar ve bas gitarda Kemal Arkan olmak üzere Hindiba adlı grupla müziğe devam etti (2007). Grup üyeleri, Stüdyo Live konserleri ve bir yıla yakın bir süre Vodoo Bar'da sahne aldıktan sonra yollarını ayırdı.

2012 sonunda prodüktörlüğünü Reuben de Lautour'un yaptığı ilk solo albümü Gökyüzü Masmavi Babajim Records etiketiyle çıktı. Albümün ilk videosu Aylin Aslım'la düet yaptığı Dilek Tutmak şarkısına çekildi.

Biyografi
1990-96 Marmara AEF Resim-İş Heykel Anasanat Dalı/Resim Öğretmenliği
1992-1994 Ali Poyrazoğlu Tiyatrosu, Çehov Resitali, Levent Kazak Çocuk Tiyatrosu (müzik)
1993-1994 Ayşe Emel Mesçi- Kadınlar, bizim kadınlarımız (müzik)
1994-2009 Alman edebiyatı kitap çevirmenliği
1997-.... Müzisyenlik
1997'de Kaan Altan aracılığıyla Mavisakal'a katılan Genç Osman Yavaş, Kaan Altan, Murat Tümer ve Andy Wand'tan oluşan kadroyla Türkiye turnesine çıktı. Turnenin ilk ayağı Londra'daki Wembley Arena'ydı. Bursa, Diyarbakır, Malatya, Gaziantep, Adana, Tarsus, Ankara, Samsun, Zonguldak, Aydın, İzmir, İstanbul ve Eskişehir'deki konserlerin ardından Mavisakal üyeleri yollarını ayırdı. Grup, 2015'te Naklen albümüyle birlikte yeniden bir araya geldi.

Diskografi

Solo

 Gökyüzü Masmavi (2012)
 Sensizlik Anlatılmaz (2018)

Mavisakal ile

 İki Yol (1997)
 Kan Kokusu (1998)
 Naklen (2015)

Konuk

 Şarkılar Bir Oyundur (Bülent Ortaçgil İçin Söylenmiş Bülent Ortaçgil Şarkıları) (Mavisakal ile)

Yayımlanan klipler

 İki Yol
 Ne Kadar
 Ben Kimleyim
 Dilek Tutmak
 Daha Küçüksün
Kayıp Yıldız

Dış bağlantılar
 https://web.archive.org/web/20130604042129/http://gencosman.org/

Yaşayan insanlar
1971 doğumlular
İsviçre doğumlular
1990'ların şarkıcıları
2000'lerin şarkıcıları
2010'ların şarkıcıları
2020'lerin şarkıcıları
20. yüzyılda Türk erkek şarkıcılar
21. yüzyılda Türk erkek şarkıcılar
Türk rock şarkıcıları
Mavi Sakal
__DİZİNYOK__

Genç Osman Yavaş


هلال الصابئ (969م. - 1056م.) هو أبو حسين هلال بن محسن بن إبراهيم الصابئ كان كاتب ديوان ومؤرخ عراقي، ولد لأسرة صابئة من كتبة الدواوين، اعتنق الإسلام في 1012 .

حقق و نشر المستشرق أمدروز بعض أعماله.

مراجع

أشخاص اعتنقوا الإسلام
مؤرخو القرن 11
مؤرخون عراقيون
مؤرخون مسلمون عرب
مسلمون سنة عراقيون
مسلمون عراقيون
مندائيون عراقيون
مواليد 969
مواليد عقد 960
مواليد في حران (تركيا)
وفيات 1056
وفيات في بغداد
مؤرخون إيرانيون في القرن 11
مؤرخون من الدولة العباسية القرن 11
مؤرخون تحت بويهيون

هلال الصابئ


Rita Carmo (Leiria, 1970) é uma reporter fotográfica portuguesa, conhecida pelo o seu trabalho na área da música. A APORFEST galardoou-a com o Women in Music Industry Award, na edição de 2023, do Talkfest.

Biografia
Rita Carmo nasceu em Leiria em 1970.

Estudou no IADE onde se formou em Moda. É lá que começa a fotografar as colecções criadas pelos colegas, o que resulta numa exposição na Feira Internacional de Lisboa MODA em 1992, que a leva a ser convidada por Cristina Duarte a fotografar o desfile dos finalistas do seu curso para a revista Blitz.

Inicia assim o seu percurso como fotografa, tornando-se fotógrafa residente da revista e colaboradora assídua de outras publicações, nomeadamente a revista "E" do jornal semanal Expresso, Forbes, Melody Maker, Daily Mail, Rockin'on, Snoozer Magazine.

Ao longo da sua carreira, Rita Carmo fotografou grandes nomes da música portuguesa e internacional, nomeadamente: José Mário Branco, Iggy Pop, dEUS, Eneida Marta, Micas Cabral, Roger Waters, Dead Combo, Xutos e Pontapés, Gisela João, Pixies, Ana Moura, Elza Soares, GNR, Janelle e Patti Smith.

Prémios
A APORFEST galardoou-a com o Women in Music Industry Award, na edição de 2023 do Talkfest.

Obras Seleccionadas
Entre a sua bibliografia encontram-se os livros:

 2003 - Altas-Luzes, editora Assírio & Alvim, ISBN 978-972-37-0867-7
 2008 - Imagens de Sons Portugueses, com um conto de José Luís Peixoto, editado em parceria com a revista Blitz
 2013 - Bandas sonoras: 100 retratos na música portuguesa, Chiado Editora, ISBN 978-989-51-0839-8

Ligações Externas

 Site Oficial | Rita Carmo
 Arquivos RTP | Rita Carmo no programa Há Conversa I (2009)
 SIC Noticias | Reportagem: Da música ao silêncio pela lente de Rita Carmo (2020)
 Making ALF | Conversa com Rita Carmo (2022)

Naturais de Leiria
Nascidos em 1970
Fotojornalistas de Portugal
Fotógrafos de Portugal

Rita Carmo


Jan Pieterszoon Coen, (8 de janeiro de 1587 - 21 de setembro de 1629) foi um oficial da Companhia Holandesa das Índias Orientais (VOC) no início do século XVII, tendo dois mandatos como governador-geral das Índias Orientais Holandesas. Ele foi o fundador da Batávia, capital das Índias Orientais Holandesas. Reconhecido por fornecer o impulso que colocou a VOC no caminho para o domínio nas Índias Orientais Holandesas, ele foi considerado um herói nacional na Holanda. Desde o século XIX, seu legado tornou-se controverso devido à violência que empregou, especialmente durante a última etapa da conquista holandesa das Ilhas Banda, a fim de garantir o monopólio comercial da noz-moscada, macis e cravo.

Uma famosa citação dele de 1618, Não se desespere, não poupe seus inimigos, pois Deus está conosco, ilustra sua crueldade obstinada e sua crença irrestrita na natureza divinamente sancionada de seu projeto. Usando essa autoproclamada sanção divina para perseguir violentamente seu objetivo final de monopólio comercial nas Índias Orientais, soldados holandeses agindo sob as ordens de Coen perpetraram numerosos atos de destruição nas ilhas de especiarias do (agora) leste da Indonésia, incluindo o infame Massacre de Banda de 1621. O objetivo disso era ganhar o monopólio do fornecimento de noz-moscada e macis, a fim de sustentar preços e lucros artificialmente altos para os holandeses investidores da VOC. Isso foi considerado por muitos como excessivo, mesmo para uma idade relativamente violenta. Consequentemente, desde a independência da Indonésia, ele tem sido visto sob uma luz mais crítica, e os historiadores veem seus métodos frequentemente violentos como excessivos.

Fontes

Links externos

História dos Países Baixos

Jan Pieterszoon Coen


Fırat Suyu Kan Akıyor Baksana, Yaşar Kemal'in tarihi romanlarındandır. Eser ilk olarak 1997 yılında Adam yayınları tarafından basılmıştır. Bir Ada Hikâyesi dörtlemesinin ilk kitabıdır.
Yaşar Kemal bu eserinde I. Dünya Savaşı'nın ardından Anadolu halkının çilesini konu alır. Romanın kahramanı Poyraz Musa adında şeref madalyalı bir savaş gazisidir. Savaştan sonra gittiği köyünde kimseleri bulamaz ve Ege'de Kaz Dağı'nı gören Karınca Adası'dan bir ev ve değirmen alarak yerleşir. Bir yandan da savaşta peşine takılan kanlılarından kaçmakta olduğu için ismini Poyraz Musa yapmıştır. Adaya ilk gelen olan Poyraz Musa burada mübadele ile gitmemiş Rum Vasili'yi bulur. Başlarda kimse adaya gelmez.Fakat zamanla kasaba Anadolu'daki savaştan kaçmış, yoksulluktan bitab düşmüş insanlarla dolunca, bunların bir kısmı adaya iskan edilmeye başlar. Eserde önemli bazı karakterler Poyraz Musa, Nişancı Veli, Vasili ve Dengbej Uso'dur. Roman ismini Ortadoğu'da yaşayan ve büyük kıyıma uğratılan Yezidiler'in cesetlerinin atılması ile kan akan Fırat Nehri'nin görüntüsünden alır.
Yazar, Poyraz Musa ve diğer kahramanlar etrafında savaşın yıkıcılığını, mübadelenin hüznünü, yüzlerce binlerce yıldır beraber yaşayan halkların kardeşliklerini, kültürlerinin çeşitliliğini, güzelliğini ve uyumunu konu alır.
Yaşar Kemal bu eserinde savaşın toplumsal etkilerine işaret etmektedir. Buna ek olarak yazar kahramanlarının üzerinden insanı ve romanın geçtiği çevrenin doğasını kendine özgü üslubu ile mükemmel tasvirler yaparak anlatır.

Yaşar Kemal romanları
1997 romanları
Türkçe romanlar
Konusu Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda geçen romanlar

Fırat Suyu Kan Akıyor Baksana


Jan Garbarek () (born 4 March 1947) is a Norwegian jazz saxophonist, who is also active in classical music and world music.

Garbarek was born in Mysen, Østfold, southeastern Norway, the only child of a former Polish prisoner of war, Czesław Garbarek, and a Norwegian farmer's daughter. He grew up in Oslo, stateless until the age of seven, as there was no automatic grant of citizenship in Norway at the time. When he was 21, he married the author Vigdis Garbarek. He is the father of musician and composer Anja Garbarek.

Biography

Garbarek's style incorporates a sharp-edged tone, long, keening, sustained notes, and generous use of silence. He began his recording career in the late 1960s, notably featuring on recordings by the American jazz composer George Russell (such as Electronic Sonata for Souls Loved by Nature). By 1973 he had turned his back on the harsh dissonances of avant-garde jazz, retaining only his tone from his previous approach.  Garbarek gained wider recognition through his work with pianist Keith Jarrett's European Quartet which released the albums Belonging (1974), My Song (1977), and the live recordings Personal Mountains (1979), and Nude Ants (1979). He was also a featured soloist on Jarrett's orchestral works Luminessence (1974) and Arbour Zena (1975).

As a composer, Garbarek tends to draw heavily from Scandinavian folk melodies, a legacy of his Ayler influence. He is also a pioneer of ambient jazz composition, most notably on his 1976 album Dis a collaboration with guitarist Ralph Towner, that featured the distinctive sound of a wind harp on several tracks. This textural approach, which rejects traditional notions of thematic improvisation (best exemplified by Sonny Rollins) in favour of a style described by critics Richard Cook and Brian Morton as "sculptural in its impact", has been critically divisive. Garbarek's more meandering recordings are often labeled as new-age music, or spiritual ancestors thereof. Other experiments have included setting a collection of poems of Olav H. Hauge to music, with a single saxophone complementing a full mixed choir; this has led to notable performances with Grex Vocalis.

In the 1980s, Garbarek's music began to incorporate synthesizers and elements of world music. He has collaborated with Indian and Pakistani musicians such as Trilok Gurtu, Zakir Hussain, Hariprasad Chaurasia, and Bade Fateh Ali Khan.  Garbarek is credited for composing original music for the 2000 film Kippur.

In 1994, during the heightened popularity of Gregorian chant, his album Officium, a collaboration with early music vocal performers from the Hilliard Ensemble, became one of ECM's biggest-selling albums of all time, reaching the pop charts in several European countries and was followed by a sequel, Mnemosyne, in 1999. Officium Novum, another sequel album, was released in September 2010. In 2005, his album In Praise of Dreams was nominated for a Grammy Award. Garbarek's first live album Dresden was released in 2009.

Awards and honors

 1999:  Knight 1st Class of the Order of St. Olav
 2004:  Norwegian Arts Council Award
 2014:  Willy Brandt Award

Discography

As leader
 1967: Til Vigdis (Norsk Jazzforbund, 1967)
 1969: Esoteric Circle (Flying Dutchman, 1971)
 1970: Afric Pepperbird (ECM, 1971)
 1970: Hav with Jan Erik Vold (Philips, 1971)
 1971: Sart with Terje Rypdal (ECM, 1971)
 1972: Triptykon (ECM, 1973)
 1973: Witchi-Tai-To with Bobo Stenson (ECM, 1974)
 1975: Dansere with Bobo Stenson (ECM, 1976)
 1976: Dis with Ralph Towner (ECM, 1977)
 1977: Places with Bill Connors (ECM, 1978)
 1978: Photo with Blue Sky, White Cloud, Wires, Windows and a Red Roof with Bill Connors (ECM, 1979)
 1979: Aftenland with Kjell Johnsen (ECM, 1980)
 1980: Eventyr with John Abercrombie and Naná Vasconcelos (ECM, 1981)
 1981: Paths, Prints with Bill Frisell (ECM, 1982)
 1983: Wayfarer with Bill Frisell and Eberhard Weber (ECM, 1983)
 1984: It's OK to Listen to the Gray Voice with David Torn (ECM, 1985)
 1986: All Those Born with Wings (ECM, 1987)
 1988: Legend of the Seven Dreams with Rainer Brüninghaus (ECM, 1988)
 1989:  with Agnes Buen Garnås (ECM, 1989)
 1990: I Took Up the Runes (ECM, 1990)
 1990: Ragas and Sagas with Ustad Fateh Ali Khan (ECM, 1992)
 1991: StAR with Miroslav Vitouš (ECM, 1991)
 1992: Stemmer with Vigdis Garbarek (NRK, 1992)
 1992: Madar with Anouar Brahem and Shaukat Hussain (ECM, 1994)
 1992: Twelve Moons (ECM, 1993)
 1994: Officium with the Hilliard Ensemble (ECM, 1994) – live
 1994: Trollsyn (TrollCD, 1994) – for promotion
 1995: Visible World (ECM, 1996)
 1998: Rites (ECM, 1998)
 1998: Mnemosyne with the Hilliard Ensemble (ECM, 1999)
 2003: In Praise of Dreams (ECM, 2004)
 2003: Dresden (ECM, 2009) – live
 2009: Officium Novum with the Hilliard Ensemble (ECM, 2010) – live
 2014: Remember Me, My Dear with the Hilliard Ensemble (ECM, 2019)

As sideman

With Egberto Gismonti
 Sol Do Meio Dia (ECM, 1977)

With Charlie Haden and Egberto Gismonti
 Magico (ECM, 1980)
 Folk Songs (ECM, 1981)
 Magico: Carta de Amor (ECM, 2012)

With Keith Jarrett
 1974: Belonging (ECM, 1974)
 1974: Luminessence (ECM, 1975)
 1975: Arbour Zena (ECM, 1976)
 1977: My Song (ECM, 1978)
 1979: Personal Mountains (ECM, 1989)
 1979: Sleeper (ECM, 2012)
 1979: Nude Ants (ECM, 1980)

With Eleni Karaindrou
 Music For Films (ECM, 1991)
 Concert in Athens (ECM, 2013)

With Karin Krog
 Jazz Moments (1966)
 Joy (1968)

With Gary Peacock
 December Poems (ECM, 1977)
 Voice from the Past - Paradigm (ECM, 1981)
 Guamba (ECM, 1987)

With Terje Rypdal
 Bleak House (Polydor, 1968)
 Terje Rypdal (ECM, 1971)

With George Russell
 Electronic Sonata for Souls Loved by Nature (Flying Dutchman, 1969)
 Trip to Prillarguri (Soul Note, 1970)
 Listen to the Silence (Soul Note, 1971)

With L. Shankar
 Vision (1983)
 Song for Everyone (1985)

With Ralph Towner
 Solstice (ECM, 1975)
 Solstice/Sound and Shadows (ECM, 1977)

With Jan Erik Vold
 Hav (Philips, 1971)
 Ingentings Bjeller (Polydor, 1977)

With Miroslav Vitouš
 Universal Syncopations (ECM, 2003)
 Atmos (ECM, 1992)

With Eberhard Weber
 Chorus (ECM, 1984)
 Stages of a Long Journey (ECM, 2007)
 Résumé (ECM, 2012)
 Hommage à Eberhard Weber (ECM, 2015)

With others
 Bill Connors, Of Mist and Melting (ECM, 1977)
 David Darling, Cycles (ECM, 1981)
 Paul Giger, Alpstein (ECM, 1991)
 Trilok Gurtu, Living Magic (1990)
 Zakir Hussain, Making Music with John McLaughlin and Hariprasad Chaurasia (ECM, 1986)
 Giya Kancheli, Caris Mere (1995)
 Kim Kashkashian, Monodia (ECM, 2004) – rec. 2002
 Manu Katché, Neighbourhood (ECM, 2005) – rec. 2004
 Art Lande, Red Lanta (ECM, 1974) – rec. 1973
 Marilyn Mazur, Elixir (ECM, 2008) – rec. 2005
 Kenny Wheeler, Deer Wan (ECM, 1978) – rec. 1977

References

External links

Jan Garbarek on ECM Records

Jan Garbarek Group @ Theatre Lycabettus concert review, Greece

1947 births
Living people
People from Eidsberg
Avant-garde jazz musicians
Spellemannprisen winners
Norwegian people of Polish descent
Freedom Records artists
ECM Records artists
20th-century Norwegian saxophonists
21st-century Norwegian saxophonists
Norwegian jazz saxophonists
Norwegian jazz composers
20th-century Norwegian male musicians
21st-century Norwegian male musicians

Jan Garbarek


ලෝකය පුරා පැතිරුණු, ඕනෑම අයෙකුට පිවිසිය හැකි, එකිනෙක හා සම්බන්ධ වූ පරිගණක ජාලයන්ගෙන් සැදුම්ලත් ජාලය අන්තර්ජාලය යි. එහි දත්ත සම්මත අන්තර්ජාල ප්‍රොටෝකෝලය (Internet Protocol - IP) භාවිතයෙන් ගොණු නොහොත් පැකට්ටු ලෙස සම්ප්‍රේශණය වේ. මෙයට කෝටි ගණනක්වූ කුඩා ගෘහාශ්‍රිත, ව්‍යාපාරික හා රාජ්‍ය ජාලයන් ඇතුලත් වන අතර විද්‍යුත් තැපෑල, මාර්ග ගත සංවාද, ලිපිගොණු සංසරණය හා විශ්ව ව්‍යාප්ත වියමනේ (World Wide Web) ඇති වෙබ් පිටු හා අනෙකුත් ලිපි ආදී වූ තොරතුරු හා සේවාවන්ද අයත්ය.

පද වෙනස්කම්: අන්තර්ජාලය හා විශ්ව ව්‍යාප්ත වියමන

අන්තර්ජාලය හා විශ්ව ව්‍යාප්ත වියමන එකම දෙයක් නොවේ. තඹ රැහැන්, ප්‍රකාශ තන්තු රැහැන්, රැහැන් රහිත සම්බන්ධතා ආදී වූ නොයෙක් ක්‍රම මගින් එකිනෙක හා සම්බන්ධ වූ පරිගණක ජාලයන්ගේ එකතුවක් අන්තර්ජාලය වන අතර හයිපර්ලින්ක්ස් (Hyperlinks) සහ URL මගින් අමුණා ඇති ලිපි හා අනෙකුත් සම්පත් වල එකතුවකි විශ්ව ව්‍යාප්ත වියමන. විශ්ව ව්‍යාප්ත වියමනට පිවිසිය හැකි මග අන්තර්ජාලය වනවා සේම විද්‍යුත් තැපෑල, ලිපිගොනු හුවමාරුව හා පහත දක්වා ඇති දැ ආදී වු දේ ඉටුකර ගැනීමේ මග ද අන්තර්ජාලයයි.

අන්තර්ජාලයෙන් බහුලව ලබාගන්නා සේවාවන්

විද්‍යුත් තැපෑල

පුද්ගලයින් දෙදෙනෙකු හෝ සමූහයක අතෙර වද්‍යුත‍් ක්‍රමයට ලිපි හා ලිපිගොනු ලෙස පණිවුවිඩ (Text messages) හුවමාරු ක්‍රමය විද්‍යුත් තැපැල වේ. මෙම සේවය නොමිලේ සපයන ආයතන බහුලව  ලො‌වව්‍යාප්ත ජාලය හි ඇත මෙනිසා මේ සදහා වැය ව්අන්නේ අන්තර්ජාල සදහා වැය වන ගාස්තුව පමණි. එහෙයින් මෙය ඉතා ලාභදායී හා ඉක්මන් සන්නිවේදන ක්‍රමයකි.

විශ්ව ව්‍යාප්ත වියමන(විශ්ව විසිරි වියමන)

විශ්ව ව්‍යාප්ත වියමන(WWW) යනු ඵකිනෙකට සම්බන්ධ කොට ඇති අති විශාල ලේඛන සමූහයකටය. මෙම ලේඛන වල අක්ෂර, රූප, වීඩියෝ ආදී ඕනෑම මාධ්‍යයකින් තොරතුරු අඩංගු කළ හැකිය. වෙබ් අඩවියක් යනුවෙන් හඳුන්වන්නේ එකිනෙක ඇමුණු මෙවැනි ලේඛන එකතුවකි.

සමාජයීය බලපෑම්
අන්තර්ජාලයේ මූලික ලක්ෂණවන පුළුල් භාවිතය හා පිවිසීමට ස්තුතිවන්නට, එමගින් නවමු ආකාරයේ සමාජීය අන්තර්ක්‍රියා, ක්‍රියාකාරකම් හා සංවිධානගතවීම් ඇතිකිරීමට එයට හැකි වී ඇත.

"ෆේස් බුක්" (face book) හා "මයි ස්පේස්" (my space) වැනි සමාජ ජාලකරණ වෙබ් අඩවි සමාජකරණයේ හා අන්තර් ක්‍රියාකාරිත්වයේ නව විධි නිර්මාණය කර ඇත. මෙම අඩවිවල පරිශීලකයන්ට තම පෞද්ගලික පිටුවලට විශාල විවිධත්වයකින් යුත් අංග එකතු කර ගැනීමටත්, තමන් පොදුවේ ආශා කරන දේ පිළිබඳ දැක්වීමටත් අන් අය හා සම්බන්ධ වීමටත් හැකියාව ඇත. වෙබ් අඩවිය පරිශීලනයන්ට ඔවුන්ගේ සම්බන්දකම් ප්‍රයෝජනයට ගැනීමට හා පවතින විශාල මත කාණ්ඩ සමග (Groups) සන්නිවේදනය කිරීමට ඉඩදේ නම් එකිනෙකා හදුනන අයගේ විශාල හමුවීමක් ද සොයා ගත හැකි වනු ඇත.

විශේෂයෙන්ම යම් වෙබ් අඩවියක්, තම නියම නම භාවිතා කිරීමටත් විශාල ජන සමූහයක් සමග සන්නිවේදනය කිරීමටත් එහි පරිශීලකයන් හට ඉඩ ලබා දේ නම්, එතුළින් තමාගේ හිත මිතුරන් රැසක් මුණ ගැසීමටත් හැකියාව ලැබේ.

අන්තර්ජාලය ක්‍රියා කරන ආකාරය
  ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත විසිරි වියමෙන හි (www) වෙබ් පිටුවක් බැලීම මුලින්ම පටන් ගන්නේ වෙබ් අතරික්සුවක (web browser) අදාල වෙබ් පිටුවේ URL යතුරු ලියනය කිරීමෙන් හෝ එම පිටුවට හෝ ප්‍රභවයට හයිපර්ලින්ක් (Hyperlink) අනුගමන කිරීමෙනි. ඉන්පසු වෙබ් බ්‍රවුසරය එය තිරයෙහි දර්ශනය කිරීමට  සන්නිවේදන පණිවිඩ මාලාවක් නිකුත් කරයි.

ප්‍රථමයෙන්ම URL හි සේවාදායක නාම කොටස , වසම් නාම පද්ධතිය හෝ DNS ලෙස හඳුන්වන ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත අන්තර්ජාල දත්ත සමුදායක් භාවිතයෙන් IP ලිපිනයක් අයිපී ලිපිනය බවට විසඳනු ලැබේ. මෙම IP ලිපිනය වෙබ් සේවාදායකය සම්බන්ධකර ගැනීමට හා දත්ත පැකට් යැවීමට අත්‍යවශ්‍ය වේ.

ඉන්පසු බ්‍රවුසරය අදාල ලිපිනයේ සේවාදාකයා වෙත HTTP ඉල්ලීමක් යැවීමෙන් සම්පත් සඳහා ඉල්ලුම් කරනු ලැබේ. සාමාන්‍ය වෙබ් අඩවියකදී වෙබ් බ්‍රවුසරය මගින් ප්‍රථමයෙන් පිටුවේ HTML වදන් ඉල්ලුම් කර ඒවා වහාම ව්‍යාකරණ විග්‍රහයට භාජනය කරනු ලැබේ. පිටුවේ කොටස් වන අනෙකුත් ඡායාරූප හා ගොණු ඉල්ලීම සිදු කරන්නේ ඉන්පසුවය. වෙබ් අඩවියක ජනප්‍රියතාව මනින දත්ත රඳා පවතින්නේ පිටු නිරීක්ෂණය කරන අයගේ සංඛ්‍යාව හෝ බැඳී ඇති සේවාදායක "හිට්ස්" (hits) හෝ ගොණු ඉල්ලීම් ප්‍රමාණය මතය.

වෙබ් සේවාදායකයන් අවශ්‍ය ගොණු ලැබුණු පසු බ්‍රවුසරය , අදාල පිටුවේ HTML , CSS  හා වෙනත් වෙබ් භාෂා මගින් සඳහන් කර ඇති පරිදි පිටුව තිරයට පිරිනමනු (render) ලැබේ. පරිශීලකයා තිරය මත දකින වෙබ් පිටුව නිර්මාණය වීමට පින්තූර හා අනෙකුත් සම්පත් ද සම්බන්ද වේ.

බොහෝමයක් වෙබ් පිටුවල අනෙකුත් අදාල වෙබ් පිටුවලට හෝ බාගත කිරීම්වලට , මූලාශ්‍ර ලේඛවලට , අර්ථ දැක්වීම්වලට හා අනෙකුත් වෙබ් අඩවිවලට හයිපර්ලින්ක් (Hyperlink) අඩංගු වේ. එවැනි හයිපර්ලින්ක්වලින් (Hyperlink) එකට බැඳී ඇති ප්‍රයෝජනවත් සම්පත්වල එකතුවක් තොරතුරු "වෙබය" ක් ලෙස හැඳින්වේ. එය අන්තර්ජාලයෙන් ලබාගත හැකිවූයේ 1990 දී ටිම් බර්නර්ස් ලී ( Tim Berners – Lee) වර්ල්ඩ් වයිඩ් වෙබ් ලෙස (www) හැඳින්වූ දෙයෙහි නිර්මාණයත් සමගය.

අන්තර්ජාලයේ ඉතිහාසය

අන්තර්ජාලයට මඟ පෑදූ පුළුල්ව පැතිරුණු අන්තර් - ජාලකරණයට පෙර වූ බොහෝමයක් ඔවුන්ගේ ජාලයේ නැවතුම්පොළ අතර පමණක් සන්නිවේදනයට ඉඩ දීමේ ස්වභාවය නිසා සීමා වී තිබූ අතර පවතින පරිගණක ජාලකරණ ක්‍රම වේදය පදනම් වී තිබුණේ මධ්‍යම මේන්ෆ්‍රේම් ක්‍රමවේදය මතය. 1960 කාල වකවානුවේ දී ජේ.සී.ආර්. ලික්ලීඩර් හා රොබට් ඩබ්. ටේලර් නැමැති පරිගණක පර්යේෂකයන් අන්තර් ක්‍රියාකාරී ප්‍රශ්නවලට පිළිතුරු සෙවීම සඳහා එකිනෙක හා සබැඳුනු ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ජාලයක් යෝජනා කළහ. ඒ හා සමාකාලීනවම එකිනෙකින් වෙන් වූ භෞතික ජාල අතර ජාලකරණයේ මූලික නීති පර්යේෂණයට පර්යේෂණ වැඩ සටහන් ද ආරම්භ කෙරිනි. මෙය පැකැට්ටු හුවමාරු (Packet switching) ක්‍රමයේ වර්ධනයට හේතුවේ. මෙම පර්යේෂණ වැඩසටහන්වලට ඩොනල්ඩ් ඩේවිස් (Donald Davies (NPL) පෝල් බැරන් (Paul Baran (RAND සංස්තාව) හා ලෙනාර්ඩ් ක්ලේයින් රොන් (Leonard Kleinrock ) (MIT) යන පර්යේෂකයින් සහය ලබා දී ඇත.
මෙය 1960 හා 1970 අග භාගයේ දී ARPANET, සහ X.25 ඇතුලුව පැකට්ටු හුවමාරු ජාලකරණ කිහිපයක දියුණුවට මඟ හසර හෙළි කළේය. ඊට අමතරව UUCP ඇතුළුව පොදු ප්‍රවේශ හා විනෝදාංශ ජාලකරණ පද්ධති ජනප්‍රියත්වයෙන් ඉහල යාමට විය. කෙසේ නමුත් තවමත් ඒවා ජාල අතර ඇති සීමිත වාහල් සංඛ්‍යාවකින් සේවා ලබා එකිනෙකින් වෙන් වූ ජාල වෙයි. මෙය පැකට්ටු හුවමාරු යෙදුම මඟින් අන්තර්ජාලකරණයට ප්‍රෝටෝකෝලයක් නිපදවීමට මග පෑදීය. එමඟින් එකිනෙකට වෙනස් ජාල සුපිරි සැකිලි ජාලයන් බවට පත් කිරීමට හැකි විය. අන්තර්ජාල ප්‍රෝටෝකෝල කට්ටලය නැමැති සරල පොදු ජාල පද්ධතියක් අර්ථ දැක්වීමෙන් ජාලයේ සංකල්පය වැනි භෞතික ක්‍රියා පිළිවෙලින් වෙන් කල හැකි විය. අන්තර්ජාලකරණයේ  මෙම ව්‍යාප්තිය අන්තර්ජාලය ලෙස හඳුන්වන විශ්වීය අන්තර් ජාල කරණයක අදහස ඇතිකරලීය. මෙය ඉතා වේගයෙන් පැතිරුණු අතර පවතින ජාල මෙයට උචිත ලෙස පරිවර්තනය විය. මෙය බටහිර ලෝකයේ දියුණු විදුලි සංදේශ ජාල හරහා වේගයෙන් පැතිරුණූ අතර ඇත්ත වශයෙන්ම එය ලෝක සම්මතය හා විශ්ව ජාලය බවට පත් වු විට ලෝකයේ අනෙක් කොටස්වලට ද ව්‍යාප්ත විය. කෙසේ නමුත් වර්ධනයේ විෂමතාව අදටත් සැලකිල්ලට බඳුන්වන සංඛ්‍යාත බෙදුමකට හේතු විය.
1980 දී පෞද්ගලිකව ක්‍රියාත්මක වන අන්තර්ජාල සේවා සපයන්නන් වාණිජකරණයට ලක්වීම හා හඳුන්වා දීම 1990 දී ජනප්‍රිය භාවිතය තෙක් පුළුල් වීම නිසා අන්තර්ජාලය සංස්කෘතිය හා වාණිජය මත දැඩි බලපෑමක් ඇති කළේය. මෙයට විද්‍යුත් තැපෑල හරහා සන්නිවේදනය දියුණු වීම, වදන් මත පදනම් වූ සාකච්ඡා (වර්ල්ඩ් වයිඩ් වෙබ්) ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ජාලය ආදිය ඇතුළත් වේ. මෙම නව හඳුන්වාදීම මඟින් ආයෝජකයන්ට නව වෙළඳ පොළවල් කෙරෙහි ඇති කල කල්පිත විශාල වෙළඳ පොළ බිඳ වැටීමත් වූ ඩොට් - කොම් බබ්ල් හි උද්ධමනයට හා බිඳ වැටීමට හේතු විය. එසේ තිබිය දීත් අන්තර්ජාලයේ වර්ධනය දිගින් දිගටම සිදු වූ අතර අදටත් සිදුවෙයි.

මේවාත් බලන්න
 අන්තර්ජාල ප්‍රොටෝකෝලය
 විද්‍යුත් තැපෑල

බාහිර සබැඳුම්

මූලික
 Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding the Internet
 Glossary of Computer and Internet Terms
 Internet Health Report from Keynote
 Internet World Stats

ලිපි
 "EU and U.S. clash over control of the Net" - International Herald Tribune article by Tom Wright
 "10 Years that changed the world" - WiReD looks back at the evolution of the Internet over last 10 years
 Internet Explained  Seven part article explaining the origins to the present and a summary for future of the Internet.
 John Walker: The Digital Imprimatur
 How Stuff Works explanation of the Infrastructure of the Internet
 How the Internet actually works An article summarising the core Internet technologies, written for non-experts

ඉතිහාසය
 The Dream Machine: J.C.R. Licklider and the Revolution That Made Computing Personal M. Mitchell Waldrop
 The Internet Society History Page
 How the Internet Came to Be
 Hobbes' Internet Timeline v8.1
 Futures and Non-futures for Scholarly Internet.
 History of the Internet links
 RFC 801, planning the TCP/IP switchover
 Video of a report on the Internet - before the Web
 Vinton Cerf's short history of the Internet
 Archive - A searchable database of old cached versions of Web sites dating back to 1996
 A comprehensive history with people, concepts and many interesting quotations
 CBC Digital Archives – Inventing the Internet Age
 A list of lectures, some of which relate to the Internet, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is available here. Of particular interest is lecture #3 The Next Big Thing: Video Internet which is delivered in Real Player format. The lecture gives a brief history of networking; discusses convergence between the Internet/telephone/television networks; the expansion of broadband access; makes predictions about the future of delivery of video over the Internet.

පරිගණක විද්‍යාව

අන්තර්ජාලය


La route régionale 222 () est une route régionale allant du quartier Raunistula de Turku jusqu'à Auran asemanseutu dans la municipalité d'Aura en Finlande.

Présentation
La seututie 222 est une route régionale de Finlande-Propre.
Son passage à niveau avec la ligne Turku–Toijala est le plus dangereux de Finlande.

Environnement culturel
La route fait partie de l'ancienne liaison routière de Turku à Oripää, qui, sous le  nom de Varkaantie, est classée en 2009 parmi les Sites culturels construits d'intérêt national en Finlande par la Direction des musées de Finlande.
En 2021, la route Varkaantie a été classée route touristique renommée Aurajoentie.

Le long de la route régionale 222 se trouvent, entre autres, l'église Sainte-Marie et de l'église d'Aura.
À Lieto, la route 222 passe à proximité de Zoolandia et du quartier-musée de .

La route 222 passe à proximité de la  et la  à Aura, qui est aussi un environnement culturel construit d'importance nationale.

Références

Annexes

Liens externes

Cartes

Articles connexes
 Seututie

222

Transport à Turku
Transport à Lieto
Transport à Aura
Route touristique en Finlande
Environnement culturel construit d'importance nationale en Finlande

Seututie 222


Hrvatska nogometna televizija (kraće HNTV) je bila hrvatska sportska televizijska postaja.

Programski sadržaj obuhvatio je sve segmente hrvatskog nogometa i malog nogometa, ali i svjetskog nogometa. Televizijski kanal je emitirao izdvojene utakmice 1. HNL te 2. HNL uz popularne turnire malog nogometa. Program se kreirao u suradnji i uz podršku Hrvatskog nogometnog saveza.

Emitiranje testnog signala bilo je 15. travnja 2016. na 407. kanalu MAXtv-a. Početak je bio predviđen za 22. travnja, a prvi prijenosi bile su utakmice četvrtzavršnice Hrvatskog nogometnog kupa u futsalu.

Službeni početak emitiranja bio je u utorak, 19. travnja 2016. godine. HNTV je radila i prije službenog početka emitiranja kada je prenosila prijateljsku nogometnu utakmicu u Koprivnici u kojima su snage odmjerile nogometne reprezentacije do 19 godina, hrvatska i katarska.

Prva platforma preko koje se emitirao program je MAXtv, ali to nije bio ekskluzivni dogovor, nego je signal ponuđen i dostupan inim kabelskim operaterima u Hrvatskoj i izvan RH. Program HNTV-a je bio moguće pratiti putem MAXtv-a, Evo TV-a, A1, B.net-a i Iskona.

Prva novinarska postava ove televizije su bili poznati športski novinar Ivan Blažičko koji je na bio čelu projekta, zatim sportska novinarka Mila Horvat te komentator utakmica Ivan Stipčić. Danas, TV lica koja su se viđala u redovitom programu su bili: Saša Marić, Anđelko Kecman, Igor Ćurković, Ivan Ljubić, Mateo Pukšar te sudački eksperti Rajko Magić i Miroslav Vitković (UEFA kontrolor).

Gubitkom televizijskih prava, Ivica Blažičko najavio je prestanak emitiranja 30. lipnja 2022. godine.

Emisije

 Treće poluvrijeme
 2. HNL
 Top 5
 Mali nogometni razgovori
 Utakmicu po utakmicu

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Facebook - Hrvatska nogometna televizija - HNTV
Youtube - Hrvatska nogometna televizija - HNTV

Hrvatske televizijske postaje
Nogomet u Hrvatskoj

Hrvatska nogometna televizija


An Telipogon campoverdei in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni David Edward Bennett ngan Ric.Fernández. An Telipogon campoverdei in nahilalakip ha genus nga Telipogon, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Telipogon

Telipogon campoverdei


L'île Ti Tốp est une petite île de la baie d'Along, dans la province de Quảng Ninh, au Vietnam. L'île est à environ  du port touristique de Bãi Cháy au sud-est. Petite île adossée à la baie de Cửa Lục, devant la grotte Sung Sot sur l'île Bồ Hòn, à droite l'île de Dầm Nam et au nord est l'île de Dầm Bắc.

Toponymie

Selon de nombreux documents et cartes de différentes époques et selon le folklore, cette île s'appelle parfois l'île du cimetière. La raison de ce nom est qu'en 1905 un cargo français est entré dans la baie d'Along parce qu'il n'avait pas de navigateur connaissant la crique, il s'est donc écrasé dans un récif et a fait naufrage dans le lagon de Con Cóc, les marins ont été enterrés sur cette île. Des années plus tard, l'île a été abandonnée.

Dans une carte française de la baie d'Along à la fin du , l'île s'appelait Cat Nang.

Le 22 novembre 1962, le président Hô Chi Minh et le cosmonaute soviétique Guerman Titov ont visité l'île. Pour marquer l'anniversaire de ce voyage, le président Ho Chi Minh a nommé l'île Ti Tốp. Un monument en son honneur a été érigé en 2015 sur l'île.

Tourisme

Ti Tốp est une île aux pentes abruptes, au rivage incliné avec une plage de sable blanc et plate. De nombreux bateaux de croisière s'y arrêtent  se qui rend parfois l'accès à plage compliqué. Les visiteurs débarquent pour nager ou grimper au sommet de la montagne pour voir toute l'île. Vue d'en haut, la plage de Ti Tốp a la forme d'une pleine lune embrassant le pied de l'île.

Cette île possède également une petite plage de sable. Malheureusement, en raison de la sur fréquentation touristique et de la pollution maritime, l'eau y est assez sale avec de nombreux déchets de plastique, comme c'est le cas dans d'autres partie de la baie.

Références

 Administration nationale du tourisme du Vietnam (2007), Non Nuoc Vietnam, Maison d'édition. HANOÏ

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Île au Viêt Nam

Île Ti Tốp


An Bolboschoenus capensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Nicolaas Laurens Nicolaus Laurent Burman, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Josef Holub. An Bolboschoenus capensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bolboschoenus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Bolboschoenus

Bolboschoenus capensis


El espino ruso, Crataegus ambigua, es una especie de arbusto perteneciente a la familia de las rosáceas. Es nativa del oeste de Asia y este de Europa, incluidas Armenia, Irán, Rusia, y Turquía.

Descripción
Es un arbusto o pequeño árbol que alcanza un tamaño de hasta 12 m de altura. El fruto es de color rojo oscuro a púrpura o negro, con una o dos drupas duras.
Crataegus ambigua está estrechamente relacionada con Crataegus songarica, una especie que tiene la fruta negro.

Taxonomía
Crataegus ambigua fue descrita por C.A.Mey. ex A.K.Becker y publicado en Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1):12, 34, en el año 1855.
Sinonimia
Crataegus volgensis Pojark.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 USDA Plants Profile

ambigua
Flora de Europa
Flora de Asia central
Plantas descritas en 1855
Plantas descritas por C.A.Mey.
Taxones descritos por Alexander Becker

Crataegus ambigua


පුත්තලම  මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශය  අගෝස්තු 1947 සහ පෙබරවාරි 1989 අතරතුර  ශ්‍රී ලංකාවෙහි  මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශ අතුරින් එකක් විය. මෙම මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශය නම් ලද්දේ  වයඹ පළාතේ  පුත්තලම දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ,  පුත්තලම නගරය අනුව යමිනි . ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ 1978 ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව විසින්   පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීවරුන් තෝරා පත්කර ගැනුම සඳහා සමානුපාතික නියෝජන මැතිවරණ ක්‍රමය හඳුන්වාදෙන ලදි . එවිට පැවැති බොහෝ දුරට  ඒක-මන්ත්‍රී මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශ වූ කොට්ඨාශ 160 වෙනුවට බහු-මන්ත්‍රී මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශ 22 ක් ඇති කරන ලදි. සමානුපාතික නියෝජනය යටතේ පැවැත්වුණු  පළමු මැතිවරණය වන 1989 මහා මැතිවරණයේදී  පුත්තලම මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශය වෙනුවට  පුත්තලම බහු-මන්ත්‍රී මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශය  ආදේශ කරනු ලැබුවත් බහු-මන්ත්‍රී මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශයෙහි ඡන්ද කොට්ඨාශයක් වශයෙන් පුත්තලම තවදුරටත් පවතියි.

පුත්තලම මැතිවරණ කොට්ඨාශය (1947–1989)


Set, The Set, SET or SETS may refer to:

Science, technology, and mathematics

Mathematics
Set (mathematics), a collection of elements
Category of sets, the category whose objects and morphisms are sets and total functions, respectively

Electronics and computing
Set (abstract data type), a data type in computer science that is a collection of unique values
 Set (C++), a set implementation in the C++ Standard Library
 Set (command), a command for setting values of environment variables in Unix and Microsoft operating-systems
 Secure Electronic Transaction, a standard protocol for securing credit card transactions over insecure networks
 Single-electron transistor, a device to amplify currents in nanoelectronics
 Single-ended triode, a type of electronic amplifier
 Set!, a programming syntax in the scheme programming language

Biology and psychology
 Set (psychology), a set of expectations which shapes perception or thought
Set or sett, a badger's den
Set, a small tuber or bulb used instead of seed, especially:
Potato set
Onion set
 SET (gene), gene for a human protein involved in apoptosis, transcription and nucleosome assembly
 Single Embryo Transfer, used in in vitro fertilization

Physics and chemistry
 A chemical change in an adhesive from unbonded to bonded
 Set, to make/become solid; see Solidification
 Stress–energy tensor, a physical quantity in the theory of fields
 Single electron transfer

Other uses in science and technology
 Saw set, the process of setting the teeth of a saw so each tooth protrudes to the side of the blade
 Scalar expectancy theory, a model of the processes that govern behavior controlled by time
 Science, Engineering & Technology, e.g. The Science, Engineering & Technology Student of the Year Awards
 Setting (typesetting), the act of typesetting a publication for print or display
 Simulated Emergency Test, an amateur radio training exercise
 Software Engineer in Test, a Quality Assurance job title in some software companies
 Strategic Energy Technologies Plan of the European Union
 Suzuki SET, Suzuki Exhaust Tuning of motorcycles

Arts and entertainment

Dance
Set, the basic square formation in square dancing
Set, the basic longwise, square or triangular formation in Scottish Country dancing
Set, the basic formation of more than one couple in Scottish, English and Irish Céilidh

Film, television and theatre
Set (film and TV scenery)
Theatrical scenery
Set construction, construction of scenery for theatrical, movie, television production, and video game production
The Set (film), a 1970 Australian movie
The Set (TV series), an Australian music television show
 Sanlih Entertainment Television, a television channel in Taiwan
 Sony Entertainment Television, a Hindi-language television channel

Music
DJ set or DJ mix, a musical performance by a DJ
Set theory (music), dealing with concepts for categorizing musical objects and describing their relationships
Set (music), a collection of discrete entities, for example pitch sets, duration sets, and timbre sets
Set (Thompson Twins album)
Set (Alex Chilton album)
Set list, a list of songs to be played during musical performances

Other arts
Set (video game), a group of items that adds specific bonuses

Businesses and organizations
 Societatea Pentru Exploatări Tehnice, a Romanian aeronautics company of the 1920s to 1940s
 South Eastern Trains, former train operator England
 Stock Exchange of Thailand, the national stock exchange of Thailand
 SET Index, an index for the Stock Exchange of Thailand
 Study of Exceptional Talent, a program for gifted students
 Sydney Electric Train Society, an electric train preservation society in Sydney, Australia

Religion
Set (deity) or Seth, an ancient Egyptian deity
Set or Seth, a Biblical character, a son of Adam and Eve

Sport and games
Set (darts), a sequence of games
Set (card game)
Set (cards), two or more cards of the same rank
Set (dominoes), the first play in dominoes
Set, a signal used in American football
The set, a pitching position in baseball
Set, a unit of play in tennis
Set, a team's second contact with the ball in volleyball
Set, a group of repetitions in weight training
Three of a kind (poker), a type of poker hand

Other uses
Set and setting, coined by Timothy Leary to describe the mindset and location of hallucinogenic experiences
Seṭ and aniṭ roots, in Sanskrit grammar
Set (river), a river in northeastern Spain
Selective Employment Tax, a tax in the United Kingdom from 1966 to 1973
Senate Electoral Tribunal, decides election protests for the Senate of the Philippines
A set, set meal, set menu, or table d'hôte: a meal offered at a fixed price
Set, slang term for a subgroup within a gang

See also

Reset (disambiguation)
Digital set (disambiguation)
Seti (disambiguation)
Sett (disambiguation)
Sette (disambiguation)
Setting (disambiguation)
Setup (disambiguation)

Set


Kromozom 20, toplamda 22 çift olan otozomal insan kromozomlarından yirmincisidir. İnsanlarda normalde bir çift halinde bulunur. 63 milyon baz çiftine ve toplam hücre DNA'sının %2 ya da %2,5'ine sahiptir. Kromozom 20, muhtemelen 600 ile 800 arasında gen içermektedir.

Genler
Kromozom 20 üzerinde bulunan genlerden bazıları:

 EDN3: endothelin 3
 JAG1: çentik 1 (Alagille sendromu)
 PANK2: pantothenate kinaz 2 (Hallervorden-Spatz sendromu)
 PRNP: prion protein (p27-30)

Hastalıklar
Kromozom 20 üzerinde bulunan genlerle ilgili olan hastalıkların bazıları:

 Alagille sendromu
 Olgun saldırı diyabet genç tip 1
 pantothenat kinaz-associated nörodegeneration
 prion hastalığı
 Waardenburg sendromu

Kromozom 20 (insan)


En química organometálica, un compuesto sándwich es un compuesto químico con un metal unido por enlace covalente háptico a dos ligandos arenos. Los arenos tienen la fórmula general CnHn, en la que caben diversos derivados sustituidos (como Cn(CH3)n) y heterociclos (como BCnHn+1). Ya que el metal se coloca normalmente entre los dos anillos, se dice que está «intercalado». Una clase especial de este tipo de compuestos son los metalocenos, como el ferroceno, rodoceno o cobaltoceno.

El término «compuesto sándwich» fue introducido en la nomenclatura organometálica a mediados de la década de 1950 en un artículo escrito por J. D. Dunitz, L. E. Orgel y R. A. Rich, en el que confirmaban la estructura del ferroceno mediante estudios de cristalografía de rayos X. La estructura correcta fue propuesta varios años antes por Robert Burns Woodward. Estos estudios ayudaron a explicar el rompecabezas de los confórmeros del ferroceno, pues la molécula consta de un átomo de hierro intercalado entre dos anillos paralelos de ligandos ciclopentadienilo. Además, este resultado demostró el poder de la cristalografía de rayos X y aceleró el crecimiento de la química organometálica.

Clases de compuestos sándwich
Los miembros más conocidos son los metalocenos de la fórmula M(C5H5)2 donde M = Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Zr, Ru, Rh, Ti, V, Mo, W, Zn. Estas especies también se denominan complejos metálicos de bis (ciclopentadienilo).
 Complejos de ciclopentadienilo mixto: M(C5H5)(CnHn). Un ejemplo es Ti(C5H5)(C7H7)
Complejos de bis(benceno): M(C6H6)2, el ejemplo más conocido es el de cromo.
Complejos de bis(ciclooctatrienilo): U(C8H8)2, también se conoce el derivado de torio.

Existen complejos sándwich son ligandos puramente inorgánicos, como Fe(C5Me5)(P5) y [(P5)2Ti]2-.

Compuesto de medio sándwich

Medio sándwich monometálicos

Los metalocenos en los que sólo hay un ligando orgánico plano, forman una gran familia de compuesto medio sándwich. El ejemplo más famoso es probablemente el metilciclopentadienil tricarbonil manganeso. Tales especies son ocasionalmente denominados compuestos de taburete de piano al menos cuando hay tres ligandos diatómicos como monóxido de carbono, alilo, además del hidrocarburo plano que forma el «asiento» del taburete, que suele ser benceno o ciclopentadienilo.

Medio sándwich dimetálicos
Especies como el dímero dicarbonil ciclopentadienilo y el dímero ciclopentadienilmolibdenotricarbonil pueden considerarse un caso especial de compuestos mitad sándwich, salvo que sean dimetálicos. Una especie relacionada estructuralmente es el [Ru(C6H6)Cl2]2.

Sándwich con varios niveles
El primer complejo tipo sándwich con varios niveles complejo fue el complejo dicatiónico trisciclopentadienil diníquel [Ni2Cp3](BF4)2. Desde ese descubrimiento, se han descubierto numerosos complejos con varios niveles, especialmente triples. Un método versátil para conseguir complejos con varios niveles se basa en enlazar Cp*Ru+ a complejos sándwich ya formados.

Sándwich inverso
En estos compuestos bimetálicos anti, los metales se encuentran unidos en forma de puente por un único anillo carbocíclico. Por ejemplo, {(THF)3Ca}2(1,3,5-trifenilbenceno) y {(Ar)
Sn}2COT.

Sándwich doble y compuestos multimetálicos
Otra familia de compuestos sándwich implican más de un metal entre los dos anillos. Por ejemplo, V2(indenil)2, Ni2(COT)2 y Cr2(pentaleno)2. A continuación se muestra un ejemplo de compuesto sándwich multimetálico, que tiene cuatro átomos de paladio unidos en una cadena de compuestos entre dos unidades de perileno. Los contraiones son tetraarilboratos voluminosos.

Aplicaciones
El ferroceno y el metilciclopentadienil tricarbonil manganeso han sido utilizados como agente antidetonantes. Ciertos metalocenos dobles de zirconio y hafnio son precatalizadores eficaces para la polimerización del propileno. Muchos complejos medio sándwich de rutenio, como los derivados del dímero de dicloruro de rutenio (cimeno) catalizan la transferencia de hidrogenación, una reacción útil en síntesis orgánica.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Química organometálica
Compuestos organometálicos
 c
Ciencia y tecnología de Reino Unido del siglo XX
Ciencia de 1956
Reino Unido en 1956

Compuesto sándwich