Millî Küme (daha sonra kullanılan adlarıyla Maarif Mükâfâtı ve Millî Eğitim Kupası), Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu tarafından düzenlenen, İstanbul, Ankara ile İzmir liglerinden katılan takımların mücadele ettiği ulusal futbol ligidir. 1937-1950 yılları arasında 11 kez, deplasmanlı lig formatında düzenlenmiştir. O dönemde Ankara ve İzmir liglerinin dolay şehirlerden takımlar barındırdığından dolayı Millî Küme'de 3 büyük şehirden fazla şehir temsil edilmiştir.

Türkiye millî takımının 1948 Yaz Olimpiyatları ile 1949 Akdeniz Kupası'na katılması nedeniyle 1948 ve 1949 sezonlarında, olumsuz hava koşulları nedeniyle ise 1942 sezonunda düzenlenememiştir. İstanbul'daki karşılaşmalar Taksim Stadyumu'nda, Ankara'dakiler 19 Mayıs Stadyumu'nda, İzmir'deki karşılaşmalar ise Alsancak Stadyumu'nda oynanmıştır.

Millî Küme 1950'de son kez oynanıp sonlandırılmıştır. Ligde en çok şampiyonluğu 6 kez ile Fenerbahçe elde etmiştir. İcra edildiği devirde en çok ilgi gören futbol ligi olmuştur.

Tarihçe

Millî Küme'nin kurulmasından önce ülkede Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası ilk ulusal şampiyona olarak vardı. Turnuva bölge ve şehir liglerinde şampiyon olan takımları eliminasyon usulüne göre karşılaştırıp Türkiye şampiyonunu belirliyordu. 1920'lerin sonuna doğru kamuoyundaki "ulusal lig" isteği, Avrupa'daki örneklerin de verildiği zamanın gazete ve dergilerinde belirmeye başlamıştı. 1937 yılında Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu'nun Millî Küme'yi kurup Mayıs ayında başlatmasıyla bu istek yerine getirilmişti. Millî Küme'ye İstanbul Ligi'nin ilk dört, Ankara Ligi ile İzmir Ligi'nin ilk iki sıradaki takımları katılabiliyordu. O dönemde Ankara ve İzmir liglerinin dolay şehirlerden takımlar barındırdığından dolayı Millî Küme'de 3 büyük şehirden fazla şehir temsil edilmiştir. 1941'de bu liglerde yer almayan Eskişehir Demirspor da lige TFF tarafından dahil edilmiştir. Eskişehir temsilcisi maçlarını Ankara'da oynamak zorunda kalmıştır. Spor tarihçisi Mehmet Yüce'ye göre Millî Küme icra edildiği devirde en çok ilgi gören futbol ligi olmuştur.

1942 yılında olumsuz hava koşulları ve kimi uluslararası organizasyonlar nedeniyle İstanbul Ligi geç bitmiş ve bundan dolayı Millî Küme tertip edilmemiştir. Lig 1948 ve 1949 yıllarında ise Türkiye millî takımının 1948 Yaz Olimpiyatları ile 1949 Akdeniz Kupası'na katılması nedeniyle düzenlenememiştir. 1944 yılında dönemin başbakanı olan Şükrü Saracoğlu'nun önerisiyle Türk futbol tarihindeki ilk Başbakanlık Kupası maçı düzenlenmiştir. Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası'nı kazanan takım, bu kupada Millî Küme birincisi ile karşı karşıya gelmiştir. İki şampiyon takımın karşılaştığı bu kupa Avrupa'daki ilk süper kupalardan biridir. Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası 1924 yılından 1935'e dek ülkenin ilk ulusal şampiyonası olup 1937 yılında yerini Millî Küme'ye bırakmıştır. Bu şampiyona TFF tarafından 1940 yılında yeniden hayata geçirilmiş, ancak o zamandan itibaren Millî Küme'nin gölgesinde kalmıştır. Başbakanlık Kupası'nın bu formatı, Millî Küme'nin de son kez oynandığı 1950 yılına dek devam etmiştir.

Format
Millî Küme sekiz takımdan oluşuyordu. Yerel sezonların sonunda İstanbul Ligi'nin ilk dört, Ankara Ligi ile İzmir Ligi'nin ilk iki sıradaki takımları katılabiliyordu. Lig yerel sezonların bitiminden sonra bir sezon üzerinden değil, bir yıl içinde oynanıyordu. Millî Küme iki devreli deplasmanlı lig formatında düzenleniyordu. Galibiyet alan takıma 3 puan, beraberliğe 2 puan, yenilgiye de 1 puan veriliyordu. Hükmen yenilgilere ya da geri çekilmelere ise puan verilmiyordu. Ligdeki sıralama önce toplanan puana, ardından gol averajına (atılan gol sayısı, yenilen gol sayısı ile bölünüyor) göre belirleniyordu. Düşme ve yükselme sistemi o dönemde Millî Küme'nin tek ulusal lig olduğundan dolayı yoktu.

Şampiyonlar

Sezonlara göre

Takımlara göre

Rekorlar

En çok gol atanlar

En çok oynayanlar

Ayrıca bakınız
 Türkiye futbol şampiyonları listesi
 Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası
 Federasyon Kupası
 Başbakanlık Kupası

Dış bağlantılar
 RSSSF

Kaynakça

Kitaplar

Avrupa'daki eski birinci seviye ulusal futbol ligleri
Türkiye'deki feshedilen futbol müsabakaları
1937'de Türkiye'de kurulan oluşumlar
1937'de kurulan yinelenen spor etkinlikleri
1950'de feshedilmiş oluşumlar

Millî Küme


En Argentina se conoce como reincorporación de los militares revolucionarios a una ley sancionada en 1922 durante el gobierno de Hipólito Yrigoyen por la cual se consideraban servicios a la Patria las intervenciones de jefes y oficiales militares en las sublevaciones radicales contra el recientemente abolido régimen del Partido Autonomista Nacional.

Antecedentes

Desde 1890 la Argentina venía siendo gobernada por un único partido político, el Partido Autonomista Nacional, el cual llevaba adelante una política conservadora y liberal pero violaba sin embargo la constitución nacional en lo que se refiere a libertades individuales y a la realización de elecciones libres.

Este hecho, sumado a la aguda crisis económica, derivo en varios levantamientos armados en los cuales participaron tanto civiles como militares contra el gobierno central. El primero y más emblemático de ellos fue la llamada Revolución del Parque en 1890.

Fundamentos de la ley

La ley está fundamentada en el hecho de que el régimen del PAN no era democrático ni respetaba la constitución nacional, lo cual habilitaba al pueblo y a las Fuerzas Armadas a intervenir de forma directa para forzar al mismo a llamar a elecciones libres y democráticas, algo que finalmente sucedería en 1916 con la victoria del propio Yrigoyen.

Artículos de la ley

Unión Cívica Radical

Reincorporacion de militares revolucionarios (Argentina)


Srpska okupacija šarengradske Ade je hrvatski dokumentarni film redatelja Branka Ištvančića iz 2017. godine. Projekt je pokrenula Udruga dr. Ante Starčević. Snimanje je započelo 2016., a treba završiti 2017. godine. Film je o velikosrpskoj okupaciji Šarengradske ade, umjetnoga riječnog otoka na Dunavu nastalog 1892. godine. Srbija drži okupiranim ovaj otok od početka agresije na Hrvatsku i napada na Vukovar. Otok je veliki ornitološki rezervat, lovište, stanište rijetkih i mnogih životinja, najveće prirodno mrjestilište divljeg šarana na Dunavu te stanište kvalitetnog i rijetkog drveća i bilja. Šarengrađani su prije velikosrpske agresije ovdje prirodno uzgajali tisuće svinja i krava kao i na stotine konja i desetci registriranih riječnih ribara alasa lovilo ovdje. Od početka velikosrpske okupacije status nije riješen, niti nakon mirne reintegracije nije vraćena u potpuni suverenitet Republike Hrvatske.
Sniman je ljeta 2016. na autentičnim lokacijama tijekom svih godišnjih doba, a završetak snimanja očekivao se ljeta 2017. godine. Stručni suradnik u dokumentarcu je saborski zastupnik Pero Ćorić koji godinama upozorava na neriješeno pitanje okupiranog hrvatskog teritorija.
Za film će biti skladana originalna glazba, a bit će realiziran u formatu vrhunske HD rezolucije i digitalne tehnologije. Cilj filma je podsjetiti na nekadašnja vremena, da se ne zaborave istiniti događaji iz vremena velikosrpske okupacije i kao konačni cilj ubrzati procese oživljenja šarengradske ade i povratak u okrilje Hrvatske.

Izvori

Hrvatski dokumentarni filmovi

Srpska okupacija šarengradske Ade


Henry Crist (* 20. Oktober 1764 in Fredericksburg, Colony of Virginia; † 11. August 1844 bei Shepherdsville, Kentucky) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1809 und 1811 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Kentucky im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
Henry Crist besuchte die öffentlichen Schulen in Pennsylvania, wohin er mit seinem Vater gezogen war. Danach zog er nach Kentucky und wurde dort in der Landvermessung tätig. Im Jahr 1788 kam er in das Bullitt County, wo er im Salzgeschäft arbeitete. Crist wurde Mitglied der von Thomas Jefferson gegründeten Demokratisch-Republikanischen Partei. In den Jahren 1795 und 1806 saß er als Abgeordneter im Repräsentantenhaus von Kentucky; zwischen 1800 und 1804 gehörte er dem Staatssenat an.

Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 1808 wurde Crist im dritten Wahlbezirk von Kentucky in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington, D.C. gewählt, wo er am 4. März 1809 die Nachfolge von John Rowan antrat. Bis zum 3. März 1811 konnte er nur eine Legislaturperiode im Kongress absolvieren. Über Crists weiteren Lebenslauf ist wenig bekannt. Nach der Gründung der Whigs in den 1830er Jahren schloss er sich dieser Partei an, ohne aber ein bedeutendes politisches Amt auszuüben. Henry Crist starb am 11. August 1844 nahe Shepherdsville und wurde in Frankfort beigesetzt.

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für Kentucky
Mitglied des Senats von Kentucky
Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses von Kentucky
Mitglied der Demokratisch-Republikanischen Partei
Mitglied der United States Whig Party
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1764
Gestorben 1844
Mann

Henry Crist


රුවන් සේනානි කල්පගේ (උපත 1970 පෙබරවාරි 19) හිටපු ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩකයෙකි . ඔහු වමත් පිතිකරුවෙක් සහ දකුණතින් පිටදග පන්දු යවන්නෙක් විය.

ඔහු මහනුවර ශාන්ත අන්තෝනි විද්‍යාලයේ ඉගෙනුම ලැබූ අතර 1989 දී විද්‍යාලීය ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායමට ක්‍රීඩා කළේය.

පුහුණු වෘත්තිය
ඔහු 2008 දී බංග්ලාදේශයේ ජාතික ක්‍රිකට් ඇකඩමියේ ඉහළ දක්ෂතා ප්‍රධාන පුහුණුකරු ලෙස පත් කරන ලදී. ඔහු 2022 සිට ඕමානයේ සහය පුහුණුකරු වේ. ඔහු 1999 මාර්තු මාසයේ සිට ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩා කර නොමැත.

යොමු කිරීම්

ශ්‍රී ලංකීය ටෙස්ට් ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩකයන්
ජීවමාන ජනයා
1970 උපත්

රුවන් කල්පගේ


Mons
 Mons, Charente
 Mons, Charente-Maritime
 Mons, Gard
 Mons, Haute-Garonne
 Mons, Hérault
 Mons, Puy-de-Dôme
 Mons, Var

Mons (dezambiguizare)


Nekhbet var en tidlig prædynastisk gudinde fra det gamle Egypten. Efter Egyptens forening blev hun gudinde for hele Øvre Egypten.

Hun fremstilledes enten som en grib med den hvide krone på hovedet eller som en kvinde der i den ene hånd holder en lotus og i den anden en ankh. Hun bliver ofte vist sammen med Nedre Egyptens gudinde Wadjet, der fremstilles som en slange, nogle gange med vinger. De to gudinder indgår i faraos titulatur under navnet nebti, der betyder "De to fruer". Som beskytter af Øvre Egypten kunne hun også symbolisere Øvre Egyptens hvide krone.

Som beskyttende gudinde optrådte hun også som fødselsgudinde, hvilket førte til at hun blev identificeret med Heket. Hun blev også identificeret med Ras venstre øje, månen, og således med Horusøjet. I nye rige blev Nekhbet identificeret med Hathor, og kunne siden, ligesom denne, optræde som soløjet.

Egypts ældste orakel var Nekhbets helligdommen i Nekheb, den oprindelige nekropolis eller den dødeby. Det var den ledsagende by til Nekhen, Egyptens religiøse og politiske hovedstad i slutningen af Predynastiske periode (ca. 3200-3100 f.Kr.) og sandsynligvis også i den tidlige dynastiske periode (ca. 3100-2686 f.Kr.). Den oprindelige bosættelse på Nekhen-stedet stammer fra Naqada I eller de sene badariske kulturer. På sin højde, fra omkring 3400 f.Kr. havde Nekhen mindst 5.000 og muligvis så mange som 10.000 indbyggere.
Præstinderne af Nekhbet blev kaldt muu (mødre) og havde beklædningsgenstande af egyptiske gribbefjer.
Nekhbet var det øvre Egyptens beskyttende guddom. Nekhbet og hendes nedreegyptiske modstykke Wadjet optrådte ofte sammen som "de to fruer".

I Nye rige vistes gribben sammen med uræusen på den egyptiske kongelige hovedbeklædning kaldet en nemes, med hvilke konger blev begravet. Uræus og grib er traditionelt fortolket som Wadjet og Nekhbet, men Edna R. Russmann har antydet, at de i denne sammenhæng repræsenterer Isis og Nephthys, to store begravelsesgudinder, i stedet.

Nekhbet blev sædvanligvis afbildet svævende, med sine vinger spredt over det kongelige billede og med to shen-symboler (der repræsenterer evig omringende beskyttelse), i sine klør. Som protektor for farao blev hun undertiden set som mor til det guddommelige aspekt af faraoen, og det var i dette henseende, at hun blev kaldt moder af moderen og den store hvide ko af nekheb.
I nogle sene tekster i Dødebogen kaldes Nekhbet for Faderens Far, Moder af Mødre, som har eksisteret fra Begyndelsen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Egyptiske guder

Nekhbet


America's Sweethearts er en romantisk komedie fra 2001. Filmen er instrueret af amerikaneren Joe Roth, og har Julia Roberts, Billy Crystal og John Cusack i hovedrollenre.

Roller
Kiki spilles af Julia Roberts, søsteren Gwen spilles af Catherine Zeta-Jones, Gwens eks spilles fv John Cusack og presse-agenten Lee spilles af Billy Crystal. Gæsteroller spilles af Hank Azaria, Stanley Tucci, Christopher Walken og Seth Green.

Eksterne Henvisninger

Komediefilm fra USA
Romantiske komediefilm
Amerikanske film fra 2001

America's Sweethearts


El Instituto Meteorológico Finlandés (, , y por su acrónimo FMI) es la Agencia gubernamental finesa, responsable en la recopilación y presentación de informes de datos del tiempo y las previsiones del tiempo. Es parte del Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones (, ), y opera de manera autónoma.

El Instituto es una organización de servicios y de investigaciones imparciales, y su experiencia abarca una amplia gama de actividades en la aerología, como recopilación y presentación de datos y pronósticos meteorológicos. La sede del Instituto se encuentra en el Campus Kumpula, de la Universidad de Helsinki.

Personal

El número de empleados a tiempo completo del Instituto Meteorológico, es de aproximadamente 540. Los miembros permanentes del personal representan alrededor de 2 / 3 del total del Instituto, y el resto son contratados. El Instituto funciona las 24 h, y alrededor del 30 por ciento del trabajo del personal a tiempo completo en turnos.

El 54 % del personal tiene estudios universitarios, y el 15 por ciento maestrías o doctorados. La edad media de la plantilla es de 43 años.

Actividades de calidad del aire

El Instituto ha investigado procesos de calidad del aire, de contaminación atmosférica, técnicas preventivas desde principios de los 1970s. Los miembros del personal tienen competencia global, dentro de las áreas de meteorología, física, química, biología e ingeniería. El trabajo integrado se hace en cooperación con muchos otros institutos europeos de investigación y con universidades.

Las actividades sobre calidad del aire, realizado por el Instituto incluyen:

 Investigación, experimentación y desarrollo de métodos de medición de calidad del aire y equipos
 Desarrollo de inventarios de contaminantes del aire por emisores de gases de combustión
 Desarrollo de modelización de la dispersión atmosférica
 Producir análisis químicos de calidad del aire
 Estudio y desarrollo de técnicas preventivas sobre polución del aire

La suite de escala local (0 - 30 km) de los modelos de dispersión, disponibles en el Instituto, incluye:

 Un área urbana, basada en múltiples fuentes de modelos de dispersión
 Modelos de dispersión de polución por vehículos terminología de la dispersión de la contaminación del aire|en línea
 Modelos de dispersión para materiales peligrosos
 Modelos de dispersión para componentes olorosos

También cuentan con modelos de dispersión para escalas mayores, de 30 a 3000 km

Estudios espaciales
En el Instituto Meteorológico de Finlandia se llevan a cabo investigaciones espaciales, uno de los pocos lugares en Finlandia. El instituto ha sido parte de varias misiones de alto perfil de NASA y de la ESA, como Phoenix, Mars Science Laboratory, Rosetta, BepiColombo, además de dirigir una misión de aterrizaje de su propia MetNet.

Vela eléctrica
Fue inventada por Pekka Janhunen en 2006 en el Instituto Meteorológico Finlandés.

Referencias

Véase también

 Modelización de la dispersión atmosférica
 Lista de modelos de dispersión atmosférica, en inglés
 National Center for Atmospheric Research
 Instituto Nacional de Estudios Ambientales Danés, en inglés
 NILU, Instituto Noruego de Estudios del Aire, en inglés
 Modelos de dispersión del aire, en inglés
 SMHI
 TA Luft
 Comité de Enlace del Reino Unido en Modelado de dispersión atmosférica
 UK Dispersion Modelling Bureau
 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

Enlaces externos
 Instituto Meteorológico Finlandés
 Carta Pública de Datos GIS
 Ministerio de Transporte y Comunicaciones de Finlandia
 Organización Meteorológica Mundial

Organizaciones meteorológicas
Organizaciones de Finlandia
Ciencia y tecnología de Finlandia
Geografía de Finlandia

Instituto Meteorológico Finlandés


Dies ist eine Liste chinesischer Sinfonieorchester:

Volksrepublik China
 China Broadcasting Chinese Orchestra 中国广播民族乐团
 China Central Chinese Orchestra 中国中央民族乐团 oder 中央民族乐团
 China National Symphony Orchestra 中国交响乐团; Pinyin: Zhōngguó Jiāoxiǎng Yuètuán
 China NCPA Concert Hall Orchestra 国家大剧院管弦乐团
 China Philharmonic Orchestra 中国爱乐乐团
 Guangdong Chinese Orchestra 广东民族乐团
 Shanghai Symphony Orchestra 上海交响乐团
 Xiamen Philharmonic Orchestra 厦门爱乐乐团
 Qingdao Symphony Orchestra 青岛交响乐团; Pinyin: Qingdao Jiāoxiǎng Yuètuán

Hongkong
 Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra 香港管弦樂團
 Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra 香港中樂團;

Macao
 Macao Orchestra 澳門樂團

Taiwan
 National Chinese Orchestra 國家國樂團

!
!
Liste (Musikgruppen)

Liste chinesischer Sinfonieorchester


مهدي بن مُلَّا حسن سهوان من مواليد 17 يوليو 1970 هو رادود من مملكة البحرين ويعتبر من أهم الأعمدة العزائية البحرينية ومدرسة أدائية كما وصفه الشيخ حسين الأكرف. وأسلوبه في العزاء يتبع الطور البحريني الجديد الذي خرج عن الطور العراقي. كما عرف بأسلوبه الحماسي وتأثيره الروحاني حيث لقبه عبد الأمير البلادي بصاحب النبرة الحزينة في أحد إصدارته.. وقدرته على تحريك الجماهير وشموليته في الطرح حيث أن قصائده تشمل القضايا الأساسية الإسلامية العقائدية والسياسية والتوعوية. له مشاركات في السعودية والكويت وسوريا والإمارات وسلطنة عمان ولندن والكثير من الدول. له عدة مشاركات مع الرادود الحسيني علي حمادي الثنائي الدائم على مدى العام في كل سنة.

ملخص
° توفي والده وهو في السادسة من عمره، وأوصته والدته منذ صغره بأن يكون خادمًا في موكب الحسين «ع»، فكان ذلك دافعًا له للاتجاه نحو هذا الأمر، وهو ما أشار إليه شعرًا بقوله: أوصتني أمي من صغري... بأن أكون خادمًا في موكب الحسين

° تعلق بخدمة مواكب أهل البيت (عليهم السلام) منذ نعومة أظافره وكبر وهو يحمل واقعة كربلاء في مخيلته، وتكبد عناء السجون والشجون من أجل أحياء مصيبة الأمام الحسين وأهل بيته (عليهم السلام).

° الاعتقالات التي تعرض لها كانت معظمها بسبب مواكب العزاء، فمشاركات كثيرة كان يشارك فيها وفي الصباح يستجوب من قبل أجهزة الأمن ودائماً يساومون على مواكب عزاء أهل البيت، فقد عرضوا عليه بعض المناصب للتوقف عن المشاركة في المواكب لكنه رفض.

° اتجه إلى إصدار أشرطة من خلال التسجيل في الأستوديو في الفترة الأخيرة، وسبق أن شارك في إصدارات مع مجموعة من الشباب.

° له عدة مشاركات على صعيد الأناشيد الإسلامية والادعية الروحانية وله الكثير من المشاركات في مواكب العزاء داخل وخارج البحرين.

من أسماء إصدارته: كان مع الله، أين الحسين، ذو الجناح، أوصتني أمي، آمنت بالحسين، أنا الحسين، منتهى الحب، والكثير الكثير...

نشأته
- حسب ما صرح به في إحدى المقابلات أنه كان ميالاً لخدمة أهل البيت منذ صغره حيث تربى وسط عائلة مولعة بخدمة أهل البيت، فقد كان أباه خطيباً حسينياً وإخوانه حسين وجعفر قد سبقوه في هذا المجال، مما يجدر ذكره أن أمه - حسب ما نَقَلَته- كانت تصطحبه إلى مأتم النساء مما صب في جانب حبه وولعه بهذا بالعزاء وخدمة أهل البيت. وقد كان لمشروع تعليم الصلاة في السنابس أثره الواضح في حيث التحق بالمشروع منذ عمر السادسة.

بداياته

- كانت انطلاقته في عام 1987م بقصيدة «سلام على الإمام» في وفاة الكاظم (عليه السلام) في مأتم بن خميس في السنابس.
- بعد ذلك اتجه إلى الإلقاء في مناطق متعددة في البحرين ومنها المنامة في مأتم بن سلوم الذي كان قد سبقه إليه أخوه حسين وحينها كان الموكب قصيراً حتى أخذ الموكب في الازدياد في الحضور وكانت بداية انتشاره الواسع في عام 1991 في ليلة العاشر من محرم تحديداً بقصيدة ذو الجناح.

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رواديد البحرين
رواديد حسينيون
مواليد 1970

مهدي سهوان


Chronologie de la boxe anglaise

2021 en boxe anglaise - 2022 en boxe anglaise - 2023 en boxe anglaise

Résumé de l'année 2022 en boxe anglaise.

Boxe professionnelle

Janvier
15/01 : Joe Smith Jr. (28-3, 22 KO), champion poids mi-lourds WBO, bat par KO au  Steve Geffrard (18-3, 12 KO).
22/01 : Gary Russell Jr. (31-2, 18 KO), champion poids plumes WBC perd aux points contre Mark Magsayo (23-0, 16 KO).
29/01 : Ilunga Makabu (29-2, 25 KO), champion poids lourds-légers WBC, bat aux points Thabiso Mchunu (23-6, 13 KO).

Février
06/02 : Rene Mark Cuarto (20-2-2, 11 KO), champion poids pailles IBF, bat aux points Pedro Taduran (14-4-1, 11 KO).
26/02 : Jerwin Ancajas (33-2-2, 22 KO), champion poids super-mouches IBF, perd aux points contre Fernando Martínez (14-0, 8 KO).
26/02 : Josh Taylor (19-0, 13 KO), champion poids super-légers unifié, bat aux points Jack Catterall (26-1, 13 KO).
27/02 : Lawrence Okolie (18-0, 14 KO), champion poids lourds-légers WBO, bat aux points Michal Cieslak (21-2, 15 KO).

Mars
19/03 : Masamichi Yabuki (13-4, 12 KO), champion poids mi-mouches WBC, perd par KO au  contre Kenshiro Teraji (19-1, 10 KO).
19/03 : Sunny Edwards (18-0, 4 KO), champion poids mouches IBF, bat aux points Muhammad Waseem (12-2, 8 KO).
26/03 : Kiko Martinez (43-11-2, 30 KO), champion poids plumes IBF, perd par arrêt de l'arbitre au  contre Josh Warrington (31-1-1, 8 KO).
29/03 : Panya Pradabsri (38-1, 23 KO), champion poids pailles WBC, bat aux points Chayaphon Moonsri (55-2, 19 KO).

Avril
09/04 : Gennady Golovkin (42-1-1, 37 KO), champion poids moyens IBF, bat par arrêt de l'arbitre au  Ryota Murata (16-3, 13 KO) et remporte également le titre WBA.
09/04 : Junto Nakatani (23-0, 18 KO), champion poids mouches WBO, bat par arrêt de l'arbitre au  Ryota Yamauchi (8-2, 7KO).
16/04 : Errol Spence Jr. (28-0, 22 KO), champion poids welters IBF et WBC, bat par arrêt de l'arbitre au  Yordenis Ugas (27-5, 12 KO), champion  WBA.
22/04 : Masataka Taniguchi (15-3, 10 KO), champion poids pailles WBO, bat par arrêt de l'arbitre au  Kai Ishizawa (10-2, 9KO).
23/04 : Tyson Fury (32-0-1, 23 KO), champion poids lourds WBC, bat par arrêt de l'arbitre au  Dillian Whyte (28-3, 19KO).
30/04 : Óscar Valdez (30-1, 23 KO), champion poids super-plumes WBC, perd aux points contre Shakur Stevenson, champion WBO (18-0, 9 KO).

Mai
07/05 : Dmitrii Bivol (20-0, 11 KO), champion poids mi-lourds WBA, bat aux points Canelo Álvarez (57-2-2, 39 KO).
14/05 : Jermell Charlo (35-1-1, 19 KO), champion poids super-welters WBA, WBC et IBF, bat par arrêt de l'arbitre au  round Brian Castaño (17-1-2, 12 KO), champion WBO.

Juin
04/06 : Kenichi Ogawa (28-2-1, 18 KO), champion poids super-plumes IBF, perd par KO au  contre Joe Cordina (15-0, 9 KO).
04/06 : Stephen Fulton (21-0, 8 KO), champion poids super-coqs WBC et WBO bat au points Daniel Roman (29-4-1, 10 KO).
04/06 : Devin Haney (28-0, 5 KO), champion poids plumes WBC, bat aux points George Kambosos Jr. (20-1, 10 KO), champion WBA, IBF et WBO.
07/06 : Naoya Inoue (23-0, 20 KO), champion poids super-plumes WBA et IBF, bat par KO au second round Nonito Donaire (42-7, 28 KO), champion WBC.
10/06 : Hiroto Kyoguchi (16-0, 11 KO), champion poids mi-mouches WBA, bat par arrêt de l'arbitre au  Esteban Bermudez (14-4-2, 11 KO).
18/06 : Artur Beterbiev (18-0, 18 KO), champion poids mi-lourds WBC et IBF, bat par arrêt de l'arbitre au  Joe Smith Jr. (28-4, 22 KO), champion WBO.
24/06 : Jonathan González (26-3-1, 14 KO), champion poids mi-mouches WBO, bat aux points Mark Anthony Barriga (11-2, 2 KO).
25/06 : Murodjon Akhmadaliev (11-0, 8 KO), champion poids super-coqs WBA et IBF, bat par arrêt de l'arbitre au  Ronny Rios (33-4, 16 KO).

Juillet
01/07 : Rene Mark Cuarto (20-3-2, 11 KO), champion poids pailles IBF, perd aux points contre Daniel Valladares (26-3-1, 15 KO).
02/07 : Mairis Briedis (28-2, 20 KO), champion poids lourds-légers IBF, perd aux points contre Jai Opetaia (22-0, 17 KO).
09/07 : Mark Magsayo (20-1, 16 KO), champion poids plumes WBC, perd aux points Rey Vargas (35-1, 22 KO).
13/07 : Kazuto Ioka (29-2, 15 KO), champion poids super-mouches WBO, bat aux points Donnie Nietes (43-2-6, 23 KO).
20/07 : Thammanoon Niyomtrong (24-0, 9 KO), champion poids pailles WBA, bat aux points Chayaphon Moonsri (55-23, 19 KO).

Août
20/08 : Oleksandr Usyk (20-0, 13 KO), champion poids lourds WBA, IBF et WBO, bat aux points Anthony Joshua (24-3, 22 KO).
20/08 : Emanuel Navarrete (36-1, 30 KO), champion poids plumes WBO, bat par KO au  Eduardo Baez (21-3-2, 7 KO).
20/08 : Alberto Puello (21-0, 10 KO), bat aux points Botirzhon Akhmedov (9-2, 8 KO) pour le titre vacant de champion poids super-légers WBA.
20/08 : Roger Gutiérrez (26-4-1, 20 KO) perd aux points contre Héctor Luis García (16-3, 10 KO) pour le titre de champion poids super-plumes WBA.
31/08 : Panya Pradabsri (39-1, 23 KO), champion poids pailles WBC, bat aux points Norihito Tanaka (20-9, 10 KO).

Septembre
03/09 : Hector Flores Calixto (20-1-4, 10 KO) perd aux points contre Sivenathi Nontshinga (11-0, 9 KO) pour le titre vacant de champion poids mi-mouches IBF.
17/09 : Canelo Álvarez (58-2-2, 40 KO), champion poids super-moyens unifié, bat aux points Gennadiy Golovkin (42-2-1, 37 KO).
17/09 : Jesse Rodríguez Franco (17-0, 12 KO), champion poids super-mouches WBC, bat aux points Israel González (28-5-1, 11 KO).
23/09 : Shakur Stevenson (19-0, 9 KO), champion poids super-plumes WBC et WBO, bat aux points Robson Conceição (17-2, 8 KO).

Octobre
08/10 : Fernando Martínez (15-0, 9 KO), champion poids super-mouches IBF, bat aux points Jerwin Ancajas (33-3-2, 22 KO).
16/10 : Devin Haney (29-0, 15 KO), champion poids légers unifié, bat aux points George Kambosos Jr. (20-2, 10 KO).

Novembre
01/11 : Hiroto Kyoguchi (16-1, 11 KO), champion poids mi-mouches WBA, perd par arrêt de l'arbitre au  contre Kenshiro Teraji (20-1, 12 KO), champion  WBC.
01/11 : Jonathan González (26-3-1, 14 KO), champion poids mi-mouches WBO, bat aux points Shokichi Iwata (9-1, 6 KO).
05/11 : Shavkatdzhon Rakhimov (17-0-1, 14 KO) bat par arrêt de l'arbitre au  Zelfa Barrett (28-2, 16 KO) pour le titre vacant de champion poids super-plumes IBF.
05/11 : Dmitrii Bivol (21-0, 11 KO), champion poids mi-lourds WBA, bat aux points Gilberto Ramirez (44-1, 30 KO).
11/11 : Sunny Edwards (19-0, 4 KO), champion poids mouches IBF, bat aux points Felix Alvarado (38-3, 33 KO).
12/11 : Zhanibek Alimkhanuly (13-0, 8 KO), champion poids moyens WBO, bat aux points Denzel Bentley (17-2-1, 14 KO).
19/11 : Arsen Goulamirian (26-0, 18 KO), champion poids lourds-légers WBA vs. Aleksei Egorov (11-0, 7 KO).
26/11 : Regis Prograis (28-1, 24 KO) bat par arrêt de l'arbitre au  Jose Zepeda (35-3, 27 KO) pour le titre vacant de champion poids super-légers WBC.

Décembre
03/12 : Tyson Fury (33-0-1, 24 KO), champion poids lourds WBC, bat par arrêt de l'arbitre au  Derek Chisora (33-13, 23 KO).
03/12 : Julio Cesar Martinez (19-2, 14 KO), champion poids mouches WBC, bat aux points Samuel Carmona (8-1, 4 KO).
03/12 : Juan Francisco Estrada (44-3, 28 KO), bat aux points Román González (51-4, 41 KO) pour le titre vacant de champion poids super-mouches WBC.
10/12 : Josh Warrington (31-2-1, 8 KO), champion poids plumes IBF, perd aux points contre Luis Alberto Lopez (27-2, 15 KO).
10/12 : Terence Crawford (39-0, 30 KO), champion poids welters WBO, bat par KO au  David Avanesyan (29-4-1, 17 KO).
13/12 : Naoya Inoue (24-0, 21 KO), champion poids coqs WBA, WBC et IBF, bat Paul Butler (34-3, 15 KO) par KO au  et remporte également le titre WBO.
31/12 : Joshua Franco (18-1-3, 8 KO), champion poids super-mouches WBA, fait match nul contre Kazuto Ioka (28-2-1, 15 KO), champion WBO.

Boxe amateur
Du 23 au 30 mai : championnats d'Europe de boxe amateur 2022.
Du 26 juin au  juillet : compétitions de boxe aux Jeux méditerranéens de 2022.
Du 29 juillet au 7 août : compétitions de boxe aux Jeux du Commonwealth de 2022.
Du 12 au 17 septembre : championnats d'Afrique de boxe amateur 2022.
Du  au 12 novembre : championnats d'Asie de boxe amateur 2022.

Principaux décès
 2 mars : Robert Cohen, boxeur français champion du monde des poids coqs, .
 4 août : Johnny Famechon, boxeur franco-australien champion du monde des poids plumes, .
  septembre : Earnie Shavers, boxeur américain poids lourds, .
 2 octobre : Éder Jofre, boxeur brésilien champion du monde des poids coqs et poids plumes, .

Notes et références

Lien externe
  2022 Amateur Boxing Results

Boxe anglaise
Boxe anglaise en 2022

2022 en boxe anglaise


Lae () is the capital of Morobe Province and is the second-largest city in Papua New Guinea. It is located near the delta of the Markham River and at the start of the Highlands Highway, which is the main land transport corridor between the Highlands Region and the coast. Lae is the largest cargo port of the country and is the industrial hub of Papua New Guinea. The city is known as the Garden City and home of the University of Technology.

History

Lucas (1972) describes the history of Lae into four periods; the mission phase (1886–1920), the gold phase (1926 until World War II), the timber and agricultural phase (until 1965) and the industrial boom (from 1965) with the opening of the Highlands Highway.

Between 1884 and 1918 the German New Guinea Company established trading posts in Kaiser Wilhelmsland, German New Guinea and on 12 July 1886, a German missionary, Johann Flierl, a pioneer missionary for the Southern Australian Lutheran Synod and the Neuendettelsau Mission Society, sailed to Simbang in Finschhafen, Kaiser-Wilhelmsland and arrived at Lae shortly after. The mission society provided clergy and religious education for Lutheran settlements in Missouri, Iowa and Ohio, Australia, and anywhere else "free thinking" Lutherans had settled.

After World War I, Eastern New Guinea came under British control (Australia) and many of the Germanic names were replaced by English or indigenous ones. Adolf Haven was then referred to as Morobe Harbour. Australian officials or kiaps were stationed at various locations within the area and in 1921 the military administration transitioned to a civilian administration, a gold prospector named Cecil John Levien was appointed District Officer (Kiap) of Morobe.

On 1 January 1923 Levien acquired a mining right for the area and shortly after formed a syndicate called Guinea Gold (No Liability). The Guinea Gold syndicate formed Guinea Airways Limited in November 1927. In 1927 Levien arranged for the construction of the airstrip at Lae to assist the gold mine productions around Wau.

Lae was declared a town under the New Guinea Boundaries Ordinance on 31 March 1931 at the height of the gold rush era and Lae became the prototype for New Guinean towns built up around airstrips. The Europeans lived to the East of Lae Airfield while the New Guineans lived to the West. Cargo arrived in Lae and then was transported by air to the goldfields in Wau.

In July 1937, Lae made world news when American aviator Amelia Earhart was last seen flying out of the airport on her way back to the United States. She was never seen again.

When the volcanic eruptions occurred in Rabaul in 1937, a decision was made to transfer the capital of the Territory of New Guinea to Lae. World War II impeded the transfer and the town was occupied by the Empire of Japan on 8 March 1942. Lae, Rabaul and Salamaua became the major Japanese bases in New Guinea.

The naval Battle of the Bismarck Sea in March 1943 was fought over the Japanese attempt to reinforce Lae with troops sent by sea from Rabaul, an attempt foiled by sustained Allied attack on the Japanese troop transports. In mid-1943, after defeats in the Kokoda Track campaign, the Battle of Buna–Gona and the Battle of Wau, the Japanese retreated to Lae and Salamaua. However, the Salamaua–Lae campaign involved many weeks of fierce fighting, before the town fell to the Allies on 16 September.

In 1971 the Australian Colonial Administration established the first properly constituted Local Government of Lae town and in 1972 Lae was proclaimed a city. Lae's development after the war is directly linked to the development of the highlands. Coffee and tea were being grown and a port was needed. Later priority was given on road access, and the Highlands Highway came into existence. The mineral boom occurred in the 1980s and 1990s.

Geology

Lae is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire and geologic instability has produced numerous faults, resulting in earthquakes.

Lae sits between the larger Indo-Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate on the South Bismarck Plate in the Ramu-Markham Fault Zone where the New Guinea Highlands Deforming Zone and South Bismarck tectonic plates are converging at up to 50 mm/yr. The city is caught in a giant geological vise and the seismic hazard is significant.

More than 15 years of measurements have been analysed with results indicating how rapidly Lae city and its survey network is deforming.

The Ramu-Markham Fault Zone, which follows the northern edge of the Markham Valley, is the active plate boundary between the South Bismarck Plate and tectonostratigraphic terranes within the New Guinea Highlands Deforming Zone. The Ramu-Markham Fault Zone has generated large thrust earthquakes (e.g. 6 April 1999 MW 6.4, 16 km North of Lae, near Hobu, and 22 November 2007 MW 6.8, 110 km North of Lae). Geological evidence suggests that major earthquakes in pre-historic times have occurred in the Lae area, and that there is the potential for another large earthquake to occur anytime within the next 100 years (in).

The 1998 earthquake occurred near Vanimo resulting in 2200 casualties.

Mount Lunaman

Mount Lunaman is  high and has a radio tower at the highest point marked by red fixed obstruction lights to assist navigation. At the base of Mount Lunaman at the southern and south-eastern face are the suburbs of Voco Point and Chinatown. The terraces are located to the West of Mount Lunaman.

Mount Lunaman is known to the locals as Lo' Wamung, which means "first hill", Hospital Hill and Fortress Hill by the German settlers.

Mount Lunaman and the Lae urban area have been the subject of several tectonic studies relating to plate shift.

Mount Lunaman was an important landmark for both Japanese and the Allies:
"The men of the South Australian battalion hammered and sawed vigorously at the top of the terrace. They were reconstructing, with captured Japanese tools, the skeleton of the cottage formerly used as the Japanese commander's sanctum. A hole beneath the door led by a tunnel to a labyrinth of passages and apertures which honeycombed Mount Lunaman".

After the war it was believed that Mount Lunaman contained the remains of many Japanese soldiers who defended Lae using tunnels:

A Japanese tomb believed to contain bodies of hundreds of Lae defenders was bought by two South Australian men for 1 pound. The tomb lies under Mount Lunaman which is said to house a hospital and when the Japanese in tunnels refused to surrender to the Australian 7th Division and 9th Division troops in 1943 all entrances were sealed. In a 1971 NHK interview with the Japanese Army commander of Lae, he stated that the tunnels in the hill were only ever used for storage, and the Army had used the Lutheran Malahang Hospital some 10 km north of the town.

Government
The Lae City Council is also known as Lae Urban Local-Level Government. It is an Urban Municipal Authority, responsible for the policy decisions, management and administration of the city, by way of providing the municipal services to the residents of the city.

Lae City Aims to become one of the Garden Cities of Asia Pacific Region by 2012, by creating a modern, safe, vibrant City, with a strong economy, whilst enhancing its cultural heritage, and by developing a Healthy, well Educated, Harmonious Community, which will enjoys a good living environment.

The Lae Urban Local-Level Government is a third-tier government. The political structure consists of the Lord Mayor as the head, who is elected by the people, with five elected, and three nominated Councilors. The six elected Councilors representing the six Wards in the city. The nominated Councilors represented the Chamber of Commerce, the Workers Federation Union, and the Women, Youth and Churches. The Council makes decisions on the policy issues relating to the city, and the Council Management implement the decisions.

Roads

The Lae City has 137 kilometers of roads, which the National Government is responsible for the maintenance of the Independence Drive, the Markham Road, and the Milford Haven Road, while the Lae City Council maintains the rest of the roads in the city. Due to lack of funding, almost all the roads have deteriorated over the years.

Electricity
In recent years PNG, including Lae  has been experiencing problems with electricity supply. . In May 2023 a memorandum of agreement between AG Investment and the Marobe Province Development Authority was signed for the Finschhafen District Hydropower Project.

Climate
Lae features a tropical rainforest climate under Köppen's climate classification, more subject to the Intertropical Convergence Zone than the trade winds and with no cyclones so equatorial. The area experiences an extraordinary amount of precipitation, averaging roughly  of rainfall annually. In fact in no month does Lae, on average, see less than  of precipitation.  Temperatures show little variance during a typical year in the city, with January temperatures averaging roughly  and July temperatures averaging .

Economy

Industry

Lae is strategically located in that it can supply the Highlands, Islands, Southern and Momase regions. Large businesses include:
 Mainland Holdings Ltd
 DuluxGroup (PNG) Ltd
 Consort Express Lines
 Paradise Foods Limited
 Halla Cement
 HBS PNG Limited
 iPi Group
 Trukai Rice
 SP Brewery
 Bismark Maritime
 South Pacific Steel
 Papindo Group of Companies
 Prima Smallgoods
 Lae Biscuit Factory
 Citylink Motel
 MMK Transport
 Barlow Industries Ltd
 Mapai Transport
 PNG Metal Fabricators Ltd
 Araweld Ltd
 Homestate Co-operation
 NCI Packaging (PNG) Ltd
 Esteens Deering (PNG) Ltd
 Niugini Electrical Ltd

Markets

Lae City boasts of having the best food market in Papua New Guinea. This is due to the fact that the Morobe Province produces the best taros, bananas, sweet potatoes, yams, fruits and vegetables etc., which have been sought after by many Papua New Guineans as well as expatriates. The Lae Main Market also receives and sells foodstuff and vegetables from the Highlands Provinces. Apart from Lae Main Market, wards and mini-markets are also available to cater for the needs of the growing population of the city.

Notable landmarks

University of Technology

The Papua New Guinea University of Technology is based  outside Lae and is the second largest university in PNG after its 'sister' university the University of Papua New Guinea in Port Moresby. While University of Papua New Guinea concentrates on the arts, pure sciences, law and medicine, the University of Technology focuses on research in technological or applied sciences. It is the only technological university in the South Pacific, outside Australia and New Zealand.

Lae International Hotel

Lae International Hotel is an important conference centre and has hosted some notable political figures over the years. Lae International Hotel () has 100 rooms, furnished with wooden furnitures and 4 luxury suites. It contains the Vanda Restaurant, Luluai's Italian Restaurant and Kokomo Coffee Shop.

Lae War Cemetery

Lae War Cemetery was established in 1944, and is located adjacent to the Botanical Gardens in the centre of the city. The cemetery holds the remains of over 2,800 soldiers, many of whom died in the Salamaua–Lae campaign, but also those who died in Japanese detention on the Island. It is also the resting place of two Victoria Cross recipients.

Lae Botanic Gardens

Lae Botanic gardens are not always open to the public. There is an old Australian Aeroplane in the centre of the gardens.

The aircraft is a C47 Dakota, RAAF serial number A65-122. It was purchased from the USAAF for the price of $180,000 and delivered to the RAAF on 4 July 1945. From 1947, the aircraft was allocated to No 86 Wing and flew with No 36 and 38 Squadrons from RAAF Bases Schofields, Richmond and Canberra. During this time, it probably flew some of the Japan Courier flights and flights to PNG.

From Feb 1967 until June 1980, the aircraft served with Transport Support Flight, Butterworth Malaysia, where it flew missions to South Vietnam and other countries in SE Asia.

On 30 June 1980, it departed Butterworth for RAAF East Sale where it was prepared for donation to the PNGDF. On 17 Nov 1980, the aircraft was handed over to the PNGDF at Lae for use as a ground training aid.

On 30th June 1999 the PNGDF decided that the aircraft was no longer required for training purposes and needed considerable maintenance with no funds available, it was donated to the National Botanic Garden Management Committee. Under the direction of the Curator at that time, Mr. Rod Spivey, it was moved to a suitable location at the National Botanical Gardens, and funds and manpower were provided by various private sector organisations, to return the Aircraft to much of its former splendour.

Bumbu river

The Bumbu river starts at the Adzera Mountain range, through Taraka to Kamkumung, Hengali, Butibam, and to the Huon Gulf. Following a flood in 1992, the population was relocated to a temporary settlement called Tent Siti (City).

Angau General Hospital

Angau General Hospital is located in the central Lae area next to the old Lae Airfield. It is a main referral hospital for the general Morobe Province area, as well as the other provinces connected by road link . It contains the only Radiotherapy facility in the country and thus serves as the main referral centre for cancer patients.

Lae (Nadzab) Airport

Nadzab Airport is located  outside Lae City, along the Highlands Highway, next to the Markham River. Local buses operate to and from the city, in addition escorted secured transfers are available for transport into the city.

From Port Moresby, Lae is accessible only by domestic flights. Air Niugini, Airlines of Papua New Guinea (also known as "Airlines PNG") and Travel Air "Mangi lo Ples" services the Port Moresby-Lae route.

Other significant locations

 Sir Ignatius Kilage Stadium
 Lae Golf Course
 National Polytechnic Institute of Papua New Guinea
 Lae City Hotel
 Hotel Morobe
 Lae Yacht Club
 Lae Showgrounds
 Papindo Shopping Centre at 7th Street

Healthcare

Visitors must ensure that they have proper health insurance. Lae International Hospital is of good developing world standard. It is a 19-bed facility with 1 emergency bed. It is staffed by 6 doctors, one general practitioner, an anesthesiologist, a surgeon, a radiologist, and two obstetricians. Doctors come from a number of countries, nurses are local nationals. There is also a public hospital called Angau Memorial Hospital located on Markham Road.

Travellers to Lae should seek expert medical advice regarding malaria prophylaxis as well as hepatitis A, hepatitis B, Japanese encephalitis and typhoid vaccinations. There was a significant outbreak of cholera based in the Morobe District in 2009 and consideration of vaccination would be prudent.

Twin town
 Cairns, Queensland, Australia, since 1984
 Dili, Timor Leste since 2000

See also

 Invasion of Salamaua–Lae

References

External links

 Bombing of Lae
 Captured airfields at Lae
 Raising Australian flag at Lae

Populated places in Morobe Province
Provincial capitals in Papua New Guinea
Port cities in Oceania

Lae


Aksiyon resmi, eylem resmi veya jestle soyutlama resim yüzeyine anında, herhangi bir ön planlama yapılmadan ve dikkatsizce dökülen, püskürtülen, damlatılan veya sürülen boya yoluyla üretilen ve bu özelliği ile resmin planlanmasından daha ziyade sanatçının fiziksel hareketini vurgulayan bir resim üslubudur. Bu çeşit resimler sanatçının spontane eylemlerinin dolaysız bir sonucudur.

1940'lar ile 1960'lar arasında yaygınlaşan akım soyut dışavurumculuk ile yakından ilgili olup zaman zaman aynı anlamda da kullanılır. Bir Fransız akımı olan Tachisme ile de yakından ilgilidir.

Harold Rosenberg'in bu terimi 1952'de kullanmaya başlamasıyla soyut dışavurumculuk ile atılan adım ileri götürelerek resim objesi arka plana itilmiş, hareket öne çıkmıştır. Gerçek eserin süreç olduğunun vurgulanması daha sonraları happening'ler, Fluxus, kavramsal sanat ve arazi sanatına temel oluşturmuştur.

En önemli aksiyon ressamlarından birisi Jackson Pollock'tur.

Görsel sanat akımları

Aksiyon resmi


Orsha (; , ; , ) is a city in Vitebsk Region, Belarus, on the fork of the Dnieper and Arshytsa rivers. It serves as the administrative center of Orsha District. As of 2023, it has a population of 103,658.

History

Orsha was first mentioned in 1067 as Rsha,  making it one of the oldest towns in Belarus. The town was named after the river, which was originally also named Rsha, probably from a Baltic root *rus 'slowly flowing.'

In 1320, Orsha became a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Between 1398–1407, the Orsha castle was built. On 8 September 1514 the famous Battle of Orsha occurred, between allied Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Kingdom of Poland and Muscovite army. The Muscovites suffered significant defeat; however, the victorious Grand Duchy of Lithuania did not fully avail its victory.

In 1555, Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł founded a Calvinist (Protestant) order in Orsha, one of the first in the Belarusian lands. From the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries Orsha was a notable religious centre, with dozens of Orthodox, Protestant and Catholic churches and orders. The town was also home to a large Jewish population.

Orsha was granted Magdeburg Rights in 1620. In 1630, Spiridon Sobol opened the first printing house at the Kuciejna monastery, which became a well-known centre of Cyrillic-alphabet publishing. The town was damaged during the Russo-Polish War (1654-1667), which was a disaster for the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. During the First Polish partition the city was taken over by the Russian Empire in 1772, and became part of the Mogilyov Gubernia. Under Russian rule, it was stripped of its Magdeburg Rights in 1776 and went into cultural and economic decline.  The population dropped sharply to just about 2,000 inhabitants. The city symbol in 1781 was changed to one which included the symbol of the Russian empire and five arrows.

In 1812, the city was badly burned during Napoleon's invasion. At the time of Orsha had been taken under control of French troops, there was a French writer Marie-Henri Beyle (also known under the pen name Stendhal) in a rank of intendant.
According to the census of 1897, on a total population of 13,161, about 7,000 are Jews.
During the First World War, the city was occupied by German forces in February–October 1918. From 2 February 1919, Orsha became a part of Homyel region (Vitebsk region, 1920) of Soviet Russia.  After the formation of the Soviet Union, it was transferred to the Byelorussian SSR in 1924.

The population before World War II was about 37,000. The city was occupied by Germany on 16 July 1941. The occupiers founded several concentration camps in the city, where an estimated 19,000 people were killed.

Orsha was one of the centers of the Belarusian strikes in April 1991. Hundreds of thousands of coal miners had been on strike across the Soviet Union since March 1. On April 3, the day after the central government had imposed consumer price increases, workers at several Minsk factories walked out raising the miners' demand for wages indexed to inflation. Virtually the entire labor force of that city followed on the 4th, joined soon thereafter by strikes across the Belarusian SSR. Mass demonstrations voted for additional demands (including the dissolution of the Union and Belarusian governments and the end of the Communist Party's privileges) and elected delegates from each enterprise to citywide strike committees, which in turn sent representatives to a central Belarusian Strike Committee (SKB). On April 23, the SKB resumed the general strike after the deadline for its demands to be met had passed. The next morning, Gorbachev, Yeltsin, and leaders of eight of the other Soviet republics published a joint declaration in the papers agreeing to democratic elections for the Soviet parliament and the presidency, a new union treaty that would "radically increase the role of the union republics," and measures to soften the impact of the price increase, but also the introduction of a "special work regime" in many industries.

In response, the Orsha strike committee issued a proposal for all local workers to block the railway junction, strategically located on the line linking Moscow and Leningrad to Eastern and Western Europe. This was quickly endorsed by votes to "lie down on the rails" at a citywide meeting at the railway station. On the 25th, the Belarusian authorities concentrated the republic's KGB and riot police forces on Orsha, but were resisted by the strikers who sent fuel trains primed to explode down the tracks. Gorbachev mobilized the nearby military forces in Pskov with instructions to restore order over the railway; however many officers declared their refusal to comply, and brigade commander Gennady Sidorov professed a "lack of understanding" of the mission. Meanwhile, workers in other cities throughout Belarus held rallies threatening to retaliate if a drop of blood was shed in Orsha.
Fearing a clash, and seizing on the government's offer to negotiate with its representatives and grant it radio and air time, the SKB suspended the general strike that evening.

Sports
The bandy club Start has produced players for the Belarus national bandy team.

Population change
 16th-17th century: est. 5,000
 1776: less than 2,000
 1939: 37,000
 1970: 100,000
 2004: 125,000

Transportation

Orsha became an important transportation center after the construction of a Dnieper River port. The coming of railway lines in the second half of the nineteenth century greatly contributed to the city growth:

 1871: Moscow–Minsk–Brest
 1902: Zhlobin–Mogilev–Vitebsk
 1923: Orsha-Krychaw
 1927: Orsha-Lepel

Today, Orsha is a major railway node where the Minsk–Moscow crosses the northern Vitebsk line, which branches south to Mogilev and Krychaw.  All trains from Moscow and Saint-Petersburg bound for Western Europe pass through Orsha.

The city is also a junction of the important motorways: The M1 (E30) Moscow-Brest and the M8/M20 (E95) Saint Petersburg - Odessa.

Military
OSGOEINT reported on the 571st Aircraft Repair Plant (ARP) located at Orsha Airfield (Balbasovo Air Base). Accordingly, the 571st ARP repairs Mi-8-17 HIP, Mi-24-35 HIND, as well as the Tu-134 CRUSTY and possibly the IL-76 CANDID. The report goes on to mention recent investment agreements with Ukraine where private firms planned on providing $12 million to finance facility upgrades during the 2012-2016 period. Press reporting stated that the investors planned on building a modern warehouse terminal as well as office buildings for customs services, banking, and a leasing company.

Notable people

Francis Dzierozynski, Jesuit
 Piotra Holub (Golub Petr Semionovich) (1913–1953), artist, author of many well-known Soviet propaganda posters, such as "Болтун находка для шпиона" and many others
 Uladzimir Karatkievich, Belarusian writer
 Mikhail Marynich, opposition politician, who was imprisoned in Orsha
 Georgy Mondzolevsky, 2-time Olympic volleyball champion
 Gershon Shufman, Hebrew author, known as 'Gimel Shufman'
 Frida Vigdorova, Soviet writer and journalist, famous for writing "White book" after Joseph Brodsky trial, in support of human rights in USSR (:ru:Вигдорова, Фрида Абрамовна)
 Lev Vygotsky, psychologist
 Nathan Zarkhi (1900–1935), Soviet playwright and film writer
 Faina Chiang, became first lady of the Republic of China in 1978.
 Igor Zhelezovsky, Olympic medalist speed skater
 Alina Talay (born 1989), track and field athlete
 Vyacheslav Zarenkov (born 1951), Belarusian entrepreneur

Twin towns – sister cities

Orsha is twinned with:

 Asha, Russia
 Bălți, Moldova
 Bondeno, Italy
 Cherkasy, Ukraine
 Dubna, Russia
 Gagarin, Russia
 Ivanovo, Russia
 Ivanteyevka, Russia
 Kardymovsky District, Russia
 Koptevo (Moscow), Russia
 Krasnogvardeysky (Saint Petersburg), Russia
 Mārupe, Latvia

 Pernik, Bulgaria
 Pushkin, Russia
 Qingdao, China
 Shishou, China
 Silifke, Turkey
 Smolensk, Russia
 Spitak, Armenia
 Telšiai, Lithuania
 Tver, Russia
 Vaulx-en-Velin, France
 Volgodonsk, Russia
 Vyazma, Russia
 Yiwu, China
 Zapadnoye Degunino (Moscow), Russia

Notes

References

External links

 RUPE "Machine-tool plant "Krasny borets"
 Orsha - city
 Photos on Radzima.org
 Map of Orsha
 Memories from a childhood in Orsha
 Jewish Encyclopedia
 Орша - город мой! Orsha is my city
 Travel Guide to Orsha
 Belarus tries to raise restive Orsha from the ashes Belarus Digest

Populated places in Vitebsk Region
Orsha District
Orshansky Uyezd
Vitebsk Voivodeship
Historic Jewish communities in Belarus
Cities in Belarus
Polochans
Populated places established in the 11th century
Holocaust locations in Belarus
Populated places on the Dnieper in Belarus

Orsha


Chiropsoides quadrigatus (urspr. Kombination Chiropsalmus quadrigatus) ist eine Art der Würfelquallen und gehört zur Familie der Chirodropidae. Es handelt sich allerdings um ein problematisches Taxon, da der Holotyp ein stark beschädigtes juveniles Exemplar ist. Einige spätere Beschreibungen, die auf diese Art bezogen wurden, stimmen nicht mit dem Holotypus überein, sodass in der Literatur und auch auf Websites mehrere unterschiedliche Arten als Chiropsalmus quadrigatus beschrieben und abgebildet sind.

Merkmale (Holotyp) und Geographisches Vorkommen
Am 18. November 1863 fing William Thallitzer eine Meduse rund zehn Meilen vor Rangoon, Myanmar (früher Burma) und brachte sie in das Zoologische Museum der Universität von Kopenhagen. 1880 beschrieb Ernst Haeckel das in Spiritus konservierte Exemplar als neue Art Chiropsalmus quadrigatus. Er fertigte leider keine Abbildung an. Der Holotyp befindet sich noch im Zoologischen Museum der Universität von Kopenhagen und wurde bereits mehrfach untersucht.

Der in Spiritus konservierte Holotyp ist juvenil und zudem in einem schlechten Zustand. Der Schirm der Meduse ist annähernd würfelförmig, knapp 52 mm hoch und hat einen Durchmesser von knapp 30 mm (50 mm hoch, 45 mm breit). Die Werte sind allerdings nicht sehr zuverlässig, da das Exemplar etwas geschrumpft ist. Auf der abgeflachten Exumbrella ist keine umlaufende aborale Furche ausgebildet. In den interradialen Bereichen der Exumbrella sind deutliche, dreiseitige Pfeilerstrukturen entwickelt. Nematocysten fehlen auf der Oberfläche der Exumbrella. Interradial setzen an den Ecken des würfelförmigen Schirmes vier Pedalien an, aus denen distal und unilateral (nur auf einer Seite) drei bis vier fingerförmige Fortsätze und (an den Spitzen der Finger ansetzende) Tentakel entspringen. Der distale Finger ist der längste, der proximale Finger der kürzeste. Die Tentakel sind dünn (Haeckel nahm 16 Tentakel an), etwas abgeflacht-bandförmig und an der Basis leicht verbreitert. Der Pedalienkanal ist über die gesamte Länge flach mit einer aufwärts zeigenden, dornförmigen Struktur in der Biegung der Pedalien (an der Basis) und mit einer kleinen Ausbeulung am proximalen Ende des längsten Pedalienkanales.

Die Rhopalien sitzen in flachen Gruben; sind kuppelförmig und leicht erhaben. Das Ostium ist an der Unterseite flach und an der Spitze w-förmig. Das Tier weist entweder keine Gastraltaschen auf oder sie hatten sich noch nicht ausgebildet. Eine kleine gelatinöse Kuppe in der perradialen Abschnitten ist jeweils vorhanden. Die Gonaden fehlen (und sind noch nicht entwickelt).

Unterschiede
Chiropsoides buitendijki von Java unterscheidet sich von Chiropsoides quadrigatus von Myanmar dadurch, dass der Hauptkanal der Pedialienkanäle eine Reihe von kleinen Ausbeulungen zwischen den Verzweigungen hat, bei Chiropsoides quadrigatus sitzen die Ausbeulungen an den Verzweigungen. Erstere Art hat fünf bis neun fingerartige Fortsätze an den Pedalien, bei Chiropsoides quadrigatus sind es drei bis vier. Allerdings ist zu beachten, dass der Holotyp von Chiropsoides quadrigatus ein juveniles Exemplar ist.

Taxonomie
Aufgrund dieses einzigen, nicht ausgewachsenen Exemplars, das zudem in schlechtem Zustand ist, sowie fehlender Bilder bzw. Abbildungen, fiel es bzw. fällt es Forschern nach wie vor schwer, diese Art mit Gewissheit zu bestimmen. Diese Unsicherheit führte dazu, dass einige im Indopazifik vorkommende Formen (fälschlicherweise) zu der Art Chiropsalmus quadrigatus gezählt wurden.

Alfred Mayer (1910) hat die Art nach Ernst Haeckel als Erster wieder beschrieben, basierend auf Beobachtungen an adulten und juvenilen Medusen aus den Philippinen. Diese Beschreibung wurde von den meisten Autoren als erweiterte Beschreibung der Art akzeptiert. Die philippinischen Funde und der von Myanmar stammende Holotyp sind jedoch nicht konspezifisch, d. h. sie gehören nicht zur selben Art.

Eine weitere Beschreibung von Chiropsalmus quadrigatus lieferte Gustav Stiasny im Jahre 1937 basierend auf einer Meduse aus dem Westindischen Ozean. Auch hier ist das beschriebene Exemplar nicht identisch mit Haeckel's Holotyp, und auch nicht mit dem Taxon, das Alfred Mayer beschrieben hatte. Gershwin bestimmte dieses Exemplar als Chironex sp.

Auch die Beschreibung von Chiropsalmus quadrigatus die Paul Lassenius Kramp in seinem Werk  Synopsis of the Medusae of the World publizierte, trifft nicht auf den Holotyp und damit diese Art zu.

Jack Barnes (1965 und 1966) beobachtete, dass zwei verschiedene Chiropsalmus-Arten sympatrisch in den Gewässern bei North Queensland vorkommen. Eine dieser Arten identifizierte er als Chiropsalmus quadrigatus. Allerdings wurde diese Identifizierung von Lisa-Ann Gershwin abgelehnt. Die als Chiropsalmus quadrigatus identifizierte Form wurde von ihr als neue Art Chiropsella bronzie beschrieben.

Chiropsalmus quadrigatus wurde von Lisa-Ann Gershwin in die Gattung Chiropsoides transferiert, da Chiropsalmus buitendijki Horst, 1907 aus den Gewässern vor Java (Indonesien), und Chiropsalmus quadrigatus Haeckel, 1880 von der Küste Myanmars wahrscheinlich congenerisch sind, d. h. zur selben Gattung gehören. Beide Arten haben die typischen unilateral verzweigenden Pedalien, eine ähnliche Anordnung der Gastraltaschen, der Pedalienkanäle und ähnliche abgeflachte Tentakel. Chiropsalmus buitendijki Horst, 1907 ist die Typusart der Gattung Chiropsoides Southcott, 1956. Bisher wurden nur diese beiden Arten zur Gattung Chiropsoides Southcott, 1956 gestellt.

Belege

Literatur
 Lisa-Ann Gershwin: Comments on Chiropsalmus (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida): a preliminary revision of the Chiropsalmidae, with descriptions of two new genera and two new species. Zootaxa, 1231: 1-42, 2006 PDF (nur Abstract)

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Chiropsalmus quadrigatus (ist nicht mit der hier beschrieben Art identisch!)

Cubozoa
Würfelquallen

Chiropsoides quadrigatus


This is a list of Cornish saints, including saints more loosely associated with Cornwall: many of them will have links to sites elsewhere in regions with significant ancient British history, such as Wales, Brittany or Devon.

List of some of the well-known Cornish saints
For more information see the works of Canon Doble (1880–1945),Nicholas Orme's book, The Saints of Cornwall (2000), and the works of Charles Henderson

N.B. All these have dedications in Cornwall but not all have legends or traditions associating them with Cornwall.

Honorary canons of Truro

The 24 honorary canons of Truro Cathedral occupy stalls named after 24 saints (almost all of them Cornish): Carantoc; Buriana; Germoe; Conan; Winwalloe; Nectan; Petroc; Adwenna; Piran; Constantine; Cybi; Paul; Breaca; Neot; Rumon; Sampson; German; Meriadoc; Euni; Ia; Endelienta; Columb; Corentin; Aldhelm.

Modern Cornish saints

More recent Cornishmen recognized for sanctity include the Irish-Cornish martyr Blessed John Cornelius.

See also

 Llan place name element
 List of Welsh saints
 List of saints of the Canary Islands

References
Nicholas Roscarrock (d. 1634) left an interesting account of the lives of the saints.

Further reading
 Orme, Nicholas (1996) English Church Dedications: With a Survey of Cornwall and Devon, University of Exeter Press
Ellis, P. B. (1992) The Cornish Saints. Penryn: Tor Mark Press (A brief basic guide giving accounts of 120 saints)
 Bowen, E. G. (1954) The Settlements of the Celtic Saints in Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press
 Baring-Gould, S.; Fisher, John (1907–13) Lives of the British Saints: the saints of Wales and Cornwall and such Irish saints as have dedications in Britain. 4 vols. London: For the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, by C. J. Clark
 Rees, W. J. (ed.) (1853) Lives of the Cambro British Saints: of the fifth and immediate succeeding centuries, from ancient Welsh & Latin mss. in the British Museum and elsewhere, with English translations and explanatory notes. Llandovery: W. Rees
Wade-Evans, A. W. (ed.) (1944). Vitae Sanctorum Britanniae et Genealogiae. Cardiff: University of Wales Press Board. (Lives of saints: Bernachius, Brynach. Beuno. Cadocus, Cadog. Carantocus (I and II), Carannog. David, Dewi sant. Gundleius, Gwynllyw. Iltutus, Illtud. Kebius, Cybi. Paternus, Padarn. Tatheus. Wenefred, Gwenfrewi.--Genealogies: De situ Brecheniauc. Cognacio Brychan. Ach Knyauc sant. Generatio st. Egweni. Progenies Keredic. Bonedd y saint.)

External links
 A - Z of saints by St Patrick's Washington DC

Cornwall
Saints
Saints
Saints

List of Cornish saints


John Emmett Lyle Jr. (* 4. September 1910 in Boyd, Wise County, Texas; † 11. November 2003 in Houston, Texas) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1945 und 1955 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Texas im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
John Lyle besuchte die Wichita Falls High School und danach das Junior College in Wichita Falls. Anschließend studierte er an der University of Texas in Austin. Nach einem anschließenden Jurastudium an der Houston Law School und seiner Zulassung als Rechtsanwalt begann er in diesem Beruf zu arbeiten. Gleichzeitig schlug er als Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei eine politische Laufbahn ein. Zwischen 1941 und 1944 war er Abgeordneter im Repräsentantenhaus von Texas. Da er gleichzeitig bis 1944 während des Zweiten Weltkrieges in der US Army diente, kann er dieses Mandat aber nur sehr sporadisch ausgeübt haben. Im Krieg war er auf dem europäischen Kriegsschauplatz eingesetzt.

Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 1944 wurde Lyle im 14. Wahlbezirk von Texas in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington, D.C. gewählt, wo er am 3. Januar 1945 die Nachfolge von Richard M. Kleberg antrat. Nach vier Wiederwahlen konnte er bis zum 3. Januar 1955 fünf Legislaturperioden im Kongress absolvieren. In diese Zeit fielen das Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges, der Beginn des Kalten Krieges und der Koreakrieg. Innenpolitisch begann die Bürgerrechtsbewegung.

Im Jahr 1954 verzichtete John Lyle auf eine weitere Kandidatur. Während der Präsidentschaftszeiten von John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson und Ronald Reagan war er Mitglied verschiedener von den jeweiligen Präsidenten eingesetzter Kommissionen. 1994 wurde er Mitglied einer Bundeskommission, die sich mit den Problemen des Alterns befasste. Er starb am 11. November 2003 in Houston und wurde in Austin beigesetzt.

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für Texas
Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses von Texas
Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei (Vereinigte Staaten)
Rechtsanwalt (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1910
Gestorben 2003
Mann

John E. Lyle


Mavi Büyücüler, J.R.R. Tolkien tarafından yaratılmış Orta Dünya mitindeki iki istari. Sadece isimleri bilinen "Alatar" ve "Pallando", Orta Dünyanın doğusuna seyahat etmiş ve hikâyede onlardan söz edilmemiştir.

Mavi Büyücüler
Orta Dünya'da beş istari vardır: Ak Saruman, Gri Gandalf, Boz Radagast, Mavi Alatar ve Mavi Pallando. Bu kişiler Valar tarafından özel olarak seçilmişlerdir. Görevleri ise Orta Dünya'yı Sauron'un kötülüğüne karşı uyarmaktı.

Bu beş istarinin son ikisi, deniz mavisi kıyafetler içinde orta dünyaya gelmişlerdi. Bu nedenle onlara, "Ithryn Luin" yani "Mavi Büyücüler" denmiştir. Mavi Büyücüler'e, Vala Oromë tarafından, doğuya gidip Sauron'un hükmünde olan Doğu döllerini özgür bırakma görevi verildiği söylenir. Saruman ile birlikte bu amaç doğrultusunda doğuya gittiler.

Ancak Doğu döllerini özgür bırakmak zordu çünkü Sauron'dan yanaydılar. Uzun uğraşlar ardından Saruman pes ederek geri döndü, ancak Mavi Büyücüler orada kaldılar. Bir süre sonra onlardan haber alınamaz oldu.

Pallando
Pallando the Blue ya da Rómestámo (Quenya; [ˌroːmesˈtaːmo]), Tolkien efsanesinde hayali bir karakter, Oromë'nin bir Maia'sı. 3. çağının 1000. yılında Orta Dünya'ya gönderildi.(eski yazılanlara göre)

Rómestámo, "Doğu'nun yardımcısı" anlamını taşır. Quenya dilinde "başkaldırı, gün doğumu, doğu" anlamlarına gelen "romen" kelimesinden türetilmiştir. Pallando adı da yine Quenya dilinde "uzak, engin" anlamlarına gelen "palan" kelimesi ile ilişkilendirilebilir.

Alatar
Alatar the Blue ya da Morinehtar (Quenya; [moriˈneçtar]), Oromë'nin diğer istarisi. Pallando'nun arkadaşı olarak bahsedilir. Aslında Valar görev için onu seçmişti ancak o yanında Pallando'yu da götürdü. Birlikte Rhûn ve Khand gibi Orta Dünya'nın uzak bölgelerine gittiler.

Alatar ismi "sonradan gelen" olarak çevrilebilir.

Akıbetleri ve Çıkarımlar
Tolkien bu konuda çok az şey yazmış olduğundan pek fazla bilgi yoktur ve çoğu bilinenler söylenti veya tahmindir.
 Saruman Batı'ya döndükten sonra, Saruman gibi Mavi Büyücüler'in de akıllarının çelinip, Sauron'un ve kötülüğün hizmetine girmiş olabilecekleri söylentilerden bir tanesi. Tolkien eski yazılarında bunu şöyle açıklamıştır:
                     "Bu ikisi hakkında gerçekten net bir şey bilmiyorum. Güney ve Doğu'da, Númenórean sınırlarının çok uzaklarında, düşman topraklarında misyonerlik yaparak gidebildikleri kadar ilerlediklerini düşünüyorum. Ne kadar başarılı oldular, bilemiyorum. Muhakkak farklı şekilde ;ancak Saruman'ın düştüğü gibi karanlığa yenilmiş olmalarından korkuyorum. Ve Sauron'un daha uzun dayanmasını sağlayan gizli kültleri ve büyü geleneklerini başlatanlar ya da bunun kurucuları olmalarından şüpheleniyorum." -J.R.R. Tolkien, Tolkien'ın Mektupları, Mektup 211 (14 Ekim 1958)Burada Tolkien, kendinden emin olmadığı açıklamalarında Mavi Büyücüler'in başarısız olduğunu düşündüğünü yazmıştır. Ama Bitmemiş Öyküler'de net bir şekilde sadece Gandalf'ın Valinor'a döndüğünü şu şekilde belirtmiştir:"Efsaneyi öğrenecek misin uzun zamandır saklı tutulan, Gelen beşli hakkındaki uzak bir diyardan? İçlerinden yalnızca biri döndü. Diğerleriyse bir daha görülmedi."
 Yıllar sonra yaptığı düzenlemelerde Tolkien, bu iki büyücü hakkında fikirlerini değiştirmiş idi.
                      "Görevleri Sauron'u alt etmekti: Melkor'la işbirliğini reddeden bazı kabilelere yardım getirmek, isyanı hareketlendirmek… ve daha sonra Sauron'un saklandığı yeri ortaya çıkarmaya çalışmaları (ki başaramadılar), karanlık Doğu boyunca anlaşmazlığa ve kargaşaya sebep oldu. 2. ve 3.Çağ'da Doğu güçlerinin zayıflamasında büyük etkileri oldu. Aksi halde 2.ve 3.Çağ'da sayıca Batı'ya ezici üstünlük kuracaklardı." -J.R.R. Tolkien, "Orta Dünya Halkları" "Son Yazılar" C. Tolkien DüzenlemesiYani belki de Mavi Büyücü'ler olmasa idi Yüzük Savaşı kazanılamayacaktı. Bu yeni düzenlemede: artık Orta-Dünya'ya Saruman, Gandalf ve Radagast'la birlikte varmadıkları; onun yerine bundan çok daha önce -yaklaşık olarak Glorfindel'le aynı zamanda, 2.Çağ'ın 1600.yılı civarlarında geldikleri kabul edilmiş. Glorfindel, Eriador Savaşı'nda Elrond'a yardıma giderken, Pallando ve Alatar da Doğu'ya doğru yolculuğa çıkmışlardır.

 Diğer bir varsayıma göre; Alatar ve Pallando'yu seçen Vala Oromë olduğu için, onlara Gandalf ve Saruman'dan farklı görevler verilmiş olabilir. Valar arasında Orta Dünya'nın doğusuna en sık giden Oromë olduğundan, daha önceki deneyimlerine göre bu bölgede ilgilenilmesi gereken konular olduğunu düşünüp, elçilerini buraya göndermiş olabilir.

Günümüz Adaptasyonları
Hobbit: Beklenmedik Yolculuk filminde, Bilbo Baggins ve Gri Gandalf büyücüler hakkında konuşurken Mavi Büyücülerden de bahsederler. Bilbo kaç tane büyücü olduğunu sorduğunda Gandalf saymaya başlar: Kendisi, Saruman, iki Mavi Büyücü (isimlerini hatırlamadığını söyler) ve Radagast. Onlardan LOTR filmlerinde bahsedilmez. Sadece 3. filmin extended versiyonunda Saruman "5 büyücünün asası" diyerek gönderme yapar ve Tolkien Mektupları Mektup 156 (4 Kasım 1954)'de onları şöyle anlatmaktadır; Yüzük Savaşı sırasında amaçları, Orta Dünya'daki "güçlerinin" herhangi bir şekilde gösterilmesini sınırlamak ve engellemek ve bunun yerine, Sauron'a karşı çıkmak için başkalarının kalplerini ve zihinlerini eğitmek, tavsiyelerde bulunmak, talimat vermek ve uyandırmaktı onların işi.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Bitmemiş Öyküler

Kaynakça

Orta Dünya büyücüleri

Mavi Büyücüler


Bazilika Določopi (gruz. დოლოჭოპის ბაზილიკა) je ranokršćanska crkva - koja je danas u ruševnom stanju - u istočnoj gruzijskoj regiji Kahetiji, na području povijesnog naselja Nekresi. To je velika bazilika iz 5. stoljeća, sagrađena na mjestu ranije srušene crkve, koja je radiokarbonski datirana u 387. godinu, što je čini jednim od najranijih poznatih kršćanskih nalazišta u Gruziji. Otkrivena je 2012. godine. Bazilika je upisana na popis nepokretnih spomenika kulture od nacionalnog značaja Gruzije.

Smještaj
Bazilika Določopi - tako nazvana po davno napuštenom selu - stoji u ruševinama na sjeverozapadnoj periferiji grada Kvarelija, na desnoj obali rijeke Durudži. Nekih 3,5 km zapadno, zračnom linijom, nalazi se manastir Nekresi, a još 1 km zapadno nalazi se arheološko nalazište Čabukauri, u kojem se nalaze ruševine velike ranokršćanske bazilike, koja dijeli mnoga obilježja s ovom iz Določopija.

Ruševine u Določopiju pronađene su tijekom arheološkog izviđanja 2010. godine. Pronašla ih je ekspedicija Gruzijskog nacionalnog muzeja koju je vodio Nodar Bahtadze između 2012. i 2015. Pokazala se kao značajna crkva koja je stajala u središtu nekad cvjetajućeg naselja kasne antike. Naselje nepoznato u pisanih izvora neprestano je propadalo nakon niza potresa i stranih invazija, padajući u zaborav, da bi u kasnoga srednjeg vijeka zaraslo prirodom. Zbog gustog lišća, opseg ovog naselja nije poznat.

Izgled

Crkva je građena od šuta i šljunka. Bila je to velika trostruka bazilika, dimenzija 36 x 18,5 metara u središnjem trobrodnom dijelu, ali s daljnjim prolazima dograđenim i na sjever i na jug, dovodeći zdanje do ukupne veličine 44 x 27 metara. To je Določopi učinilo najvećom bazilikom poznatom u Gruziji i jednom od najvećih na Kavkazu i susjednim regijama istočnog kršćanstva. Podjela naosa na tri lađe izvršena je s pet parova križnih stupova. Središnja lađa završavala se apsidom u obliku potkove na istoku. Apsida je bila opremljena četverostepenim sintronom - klupom rezerviranom za svećenstvo - značajkom koja nije pristuna igdje drugdje u Gruziji, osim u Čabukauriju. Ispod nje, u središtu apside, nalazio se veliki grobni odjeljak. Prije oltara nalazila se prostrana bema (povišeno i ograđeno mjesto u kojem je smješten oltar) s potplatom. Najistočniji dio galerije zauzimala je krstionica. Crkva je bila pokrivena drvenim krovom s pločicama od terakote, koja je držana željeznim čavlima i antefiksima.

Otkrića u Čabukauriju i Določopiju osporavala su prethodnu pretpostavku da su prve crkvene zgrade u istočnoj Gruziji obično bile uske građevine sagrađene za smještaj ograničenog broja ljudi. Arhitektonski, bazilika Določopi bila je lokalni prethodnik dizajna trostruke bazilike, koja je svojstvena Gruziji. Aspekti cjelokupnog dizajna crkve i krovišta, kao i rasvjetna tijela otkrivena na tom mjestu, tipična su istočno-rimska obilježja, dok neki detalji rasporeda apside i numizmatički nalazi na tom mjestu upućuju na sasanidske utjecaje.

Izvori

Literatura
Mamiashvili, vazha (2019) Volume 13". Archaeological Research upon the Earliest Christian Settlement in Nekresi/ადრეული ქრისტიანობის არქეოლოგიური კვლევა ნაქალაქარ ნეკრეში. vol. 13, no. 4. georgian: BULLETIN OF THE GEORGIAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,. pp. 186–191. . https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077363986&origin=AuthorNamesList&txGid=6f00e8ec72308d2b963ad2460b3d1365

Ranokršćanski lokaliteti
Arheološki lokaliteti u Gruziji
Krščanski vjerski objekti u Gruziji
Bazilike

Bazilika Določopi


Grudnjak je ženski odjevni predmet, dio donjega rublja namijenjen potpori ili pokrivanju ženskih grudi. Grudnjaci su dizajnirani za razne svrhe, uključujući povećanje veličine grudi, oblikovanju dekoltea ili za druge estetske ili praktične svrhe.

Kupaći kostimi i haljine bez leđa mogu imati ugrađenu potporu za grudi s potpornim košaricama grudnjaka. Trudnički grudnjaci dizajnirani su, da olakšaju dojenje. Neke žene imaju medicinske i kirurške potrebe za grudnjacima, ali većina ih nosi iz modnih ili kulturnih razloga. Nema dokaza da grudnjaci sprječavaju opuštanje grudi, a jedna studija čak sugerira suprotno (slabljenje potpornog tkiva dojki), s izuzetkom nošenja tijekom sportskih vježbi.

Grudnjaci su stekli važnost izvan njihove puke funkcionalnosti kao odjevnoga predmeta. Grudnjaci su postali modni predmet i ponekad se namjerno otkriju ili ih čak nose kao gornji dio odjeće.

Postoji mnogo različitih vrsta grudnjaka kao što su: sportski grudnjak, grudnjak s majicom, push-up, ronilački, bežični, trudnički, bešavni, silikonski i dr.

Prije pojave nošenja grudnjaka, žensko poprsje bilo je obavijeno korzetima i steznicima te strukturiranim odjevnim predmetima nazvanim "poboljšači za poprsje" od kostiju i čipke. Povijest steznika ukazuje na to da su oni počeli izlaziti iz mode do 1917. godine, kad je metal bio potreban za izradu tenkova i streljiva za Prvi svjetski rat. Prvi grudnjak pripisuje se Mary Phelps Jacob (poznatijoj kao Caresse Crosby) iz New Yorka. Frustrirana korzetom od kitove kosti, koji je neprestano provirivao kroz novu party haljinu, osmislila je grudnjak od dva rupčića i vrpce kako bi pokazala svoj dekolte. Budući da je zbog toga izgledala bolje, Mary Phelps Jacob počela je prodavati grudnjake svojim prijateljicama za jedan dolar. Ubrzo je osnovala "Fashion Form Brassière Company", tvornicu koju su činile dvije žene u Bostonu te prvi je grudnjak patentirala 1914. godine. Nakon što je napravila nekoliko stotina grudnjaka i imala nekoliko narudžbi iz robnih kuća, suprug ju je nagovorio da zatvori tvrtku. Patent je prodala tvrtki "Warner Brothers Corset Company" za 1500 američkih dolara. U sljedećih 30 godina "Warner Brothers" zaradili su više od 15 milijuna američkih dolara od dizajna grudnjaka.

Grudnjaci su izvorno bili izrađeni od platna. Sada su izrađeni od različitih materijala, uključujući: pamuk, poliamid, elastan, poliester, spandeks, lateks, mikrofibru, saten, svilu, čipku, koji se miješaju kako bi se postigle određene svrhe. Spandeks, sintetičko vlakno s ugrađenom "rastezljivom memorijom", može se kombinirati s pamukom, poliesterom ili najlonom.

Izvori

Donje rublje

Grudnjak


Os Elefantes () é uma pintura de 1948 do artista surrealista espanhol Salvador Dalí.

Informações
O elefante é um tema recorrente nas obras de Dalí, aparecendo pela primeira vez em seu trabalho de 1944 Sonho Causado pelo Voo de uma Abelha em Torno de uma Romã um Segundo Antes do Despertar, e também em A Tentação de Santo Antônio e Cisnes Refletindo Elefantes. Os Elefantes se diferencia das outras pinturas pelo fato de os animais serem o foco principal do trabalho, com um fundo graduado estéril e falta de outro conteúdo, onde a maioria das pinturas de Dalí contém muitos detalhes e pontos de interesse (por exemplo, Cisnes Refletindo Elefantes que é um pouco mais conhecido no repertório de Dalí do que Os Elefantes). O elefante com pernas de cegonha é um dos ícones mais conhecidos da obra de Dalí.

Simbolismo
Existem várias representações culturais de elefantes, onde são frequentemente vistos como símbolos de força, domínio e poder devido ao seu volume e peso. Dalí contrasta essas associações típicas, dando aos elefantes pernas longas, finas, quase como aracnídeos, uma vez descritas como "pernas de desejo multiarticuladas, quase invisíveis". Dalí melhora a aparência de força e peso ao representar os elefantes carregando obeliscos maciços em suas costas, no entanto, em uma inspeção próxima pode-se ver que estes pesos estão flutuando. Acredita-se que os obeliscos nas costas dos elefantes foram inspirados na base da escultura de Gian Lorenzo Bernini em Roma de um elefante carregando um antigo obelisco, e foi mencionado em várias comunicações do artista, portanto pode ser considerado um confiável alegar.

Os Elefantes é um bom exemplo de uma obra surrealista, criando uma sensação de realidade fantasma. "O elefante é uma distorção no espaço", um crítico  explica, "suas pernas finas contrastando a ideia de ausência de peso com estrutura"; "peso e espaço contrastantes".

Pinturas de Salvador Dalí

Os Elefantes


Treatment of Intestinal Paralysis in Rabbits Observed Through an Experimental Abdominal Wall Window er en dansk undervisningsfilm fra 1954 instrueret af Edgard Schnor efter eget manuskript.

Handling
Filmen er lavet til anvendelse ved universitetsundervisning og er fotograferet gennem et "vindue", indsat i bugvæggen på kaniner. Den viser de normale tarmbevægelser, tarmlammelse af forskellige årsager og disse lammelsers ophævelse ved intravenøs og intraperitoneal injektion af prostigmin og hypertonisk saltvand. Undersøgelserne er udført og filmen optaget på universitetets zoofysiologiske laboratorium.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Undervisningsfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1954


I Saw Poland Betrayed: An American Ambassador Reports to the American People (1948) is a book written by former United States ambassador to Poland, Arthur Bliss Lane, who observed what he considered to be the betrayal of Poland by the Western Allies at the end of World War II. He resigned as ambassador in 1947 in order to inform Americans what was occurring "behind the Iron Curtain."

Publication history
A Polish version of the book was published in the United States, and later republished by an underground publishing house "Krąg" in 1984 in Communist-dominated Poland.

The first English edition was published by the Bobbs-Merrill Company in 1948. The John Birch Society directed the publication of two further editions of the book, in 1961 as a part of One Dozen Candles, Vol. 2 of the American Opinion reprint series and in 1965 as a part of Western Islands' Americanist Library series.

The most recent English edition was published as a paperback by Literary Licensing, LLC in October 2011. A further Polish edition was published by Fronda in 2019.

External links
 Full text of the 1948 Bobbs-Merrill edition.
 Full text of the 1965 Western Islands edition.

References

1948 non-fiction books
History books about Poland
Bobbs-Merrill Company books

I Saw Poland Betrayed


Francisco Fernández (født 19. august 1975) er en tidligere chilensk fodboldspiller.

Chiles fodboldlandshold

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Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Chile

Francisco Fernández


BBC Radio Leeds is the BBC's local radio station serving the county of West Yorkshire.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios at St Peter's Square in Leeds.

According to RAJAR, the station has a weekly audience of 184,000 listeners and a 4.6% share as of June 2023.

History

The station began broadcasting at the Merrion Centre at 5.30 pm on 24 June 1968, becoming the seventh BBC local radio station to go on air. Initially a two-year experiment and co-funded by Leeds City Council, the station was only available in Leeds on a low powered 50 watt VHF transmitter in Meanwood Park, on 94.6 MHz. Listening figures were very low as at that time, the majority of listeners still listened to radio via AM. In 1970, the station was made permanent and began broadcasting to all of West Yorkshire from the Holme Moss transmitting station and in 1972 the station started broadcasting on medium wave and branded itself as "the voice of West Yorkshire".

In 1974, BBC Radio Leeds, along with BBC Look North, moved to new studios in Woodhouse Lane, where it remained for thirty years until the studios were demolished in 2004.

Until the mid 1980s, the station was generally on air from breakfast until teatime, with any programming after 6 pm devoted to specialist music and magazines aimed at specialist interests and at ethnic minority communities. These programmes did not broadcast all year round.

In August 1986, evening programmes began on a permanent basis when the station joined with the other three BBC stations in Yorkshire to provide an early evening service of specialist music programmes on weeknights from 6 pm to 7:30 pm, extending a year later to six days a week (Wednesday to Monday) between 7 pm and 9 pm with Tuesdays reserved for local sports coverage.

On 29 May 1989, the BBC Night Network launched which saw the BBC Local Radio stations in the north of England broadcasting networked programming every evening from 6:05 pm (6 pm at the weekend) and midnight, with the majority of the programmes broadcast from the Leeds studios. Any local programming broadcast after 6 pm, such as sport and ethnic minority output, was transmitted only on medium wave with Night Network output broadcasting on FM uninterrupted. The network expanded in May 1991 to include the four BBC North West stations and Night Network's hours were changed, starting an hour later, resulting in an additional hour of local output. Programming was overhauled with specialist music programmes airing from 7:05 pm to 10 pm (the exception being made for midweek sports coverage) followed, on weeknights, by a late show from Lancaster. The late show was extended to 12:30 am a year later and eventually to 1 am. Local programming would now fully opt-out of the network with any local evening programming replacing the scheduled Night Network programme on both FM and AM.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the station was branded as "West Yorkshire's FM BBC Radio Leeds"

In 2002, the Yorkshire stations left the network to introduce a regional phone-in show with Alex Hall, who had hosted a similar show on Pulse.

In 2012, the station closed its offices and studios at the National Media Museum in Bradford, where the public was able to see programmes being broadcast. Radio Leeds also ran district newsrooms and contribution studios in Wakefield Town Hall, at Dean Clough in Halifax and at Huddersfield Town Hall. Four years later, the station reinstated an office and studio in Bradford, located in the Horton building at The University of Bradford.

As a cost saving measure, all local early evening programmes were scrapped at the start of 2013 and they were replaced by a new evening programme which was broadcast on all local stations (the only time that stations were not able to broadcast the programme was to provide local sports coverage). BBC Radio Leeds was the location of the national programme. The late show was a regional programme. The programme continued until summer 2018, almost a year after the then Director-General of the BBC, Tony Hall, announced in a speech to mark BBC Local Radio's 50th anniversary that the national evening show would be axed, resulting in local programming returning to weeknight evenings.

BBC Radio Bradford
On 7 December 2020, BBC Radio Bradford began broadcasting as a temporary service on the MW frequency each weekday between 6 am and 2 pm. The service provided eight hours of opt-out programming for listeners in Bradford and the surrounding area each weekday until March 2021.

Technical
The main VHF / FM transmitter is located at the Holme Moss transmitting station on 92.4 MHz, covering most of West Yorkshire.

Radio Leeds is also carried on the Wharfedale and Luddenden relay transmitters on 95.3 MHz, from Keighley on 102.7 MHz and from Beecroft Hill (West Leeds) on 103.9 MHz to fill in areas which are screened from Holme Moss by the topology of the area.

Since 2001, BBC Radio Leeds has been carried on the Bauer Leeds DAB multiplex, and since October 2002, on the Bradford & Huddersfield multiplex.

The station also broadcasts on Freeview TV channel 719 in the BBC Yorkshire region and streams online via BBC Sounds.

BBC Radio Leeds was also broadcast on 774 kHz medium wave from a transmitter located at Farnley. It used to simulcast the BBC Asian Network every evening. MW transmissions ended on 1 June 2021.

Programming

Local programming is produced and broadcast from the BBC's Leeds studios from 6 am to 1 am each day. The late show, airing from 10 pm to 1 am, is simulcast with sister stations BBC Radio Humberside, BBC Radio Lincolnshire (weekdays), BBC Radio Sheffield and BBC Radio York.

During the station's downtime, BBC Radio Leeds simulcasts overnight programming from BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC Radio London.

Sports coverage
BBC Radio Leeds broadcasts live sport. Football coverage includes Leeds United, Huddersfield Town and Bradford City. Rugby league coverage includes Leeds Rhinos, Bradford Bulls, Huddersfield Giants, Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and Castleford Tigers. The station covers Yorkshire Carnegie in rugby union and Yorkshire County Cricket Club in cricket.

Presenters

Notable former presenters
 Pete Allison
 Liz Green
 Richard Hammond
 Philip Hayton
 John Helm
 Stephanie Hirst
 Martin Kelner
 Peter Levy

Management
Sanjiv Buttoo (Managing Editor)

References

External links

 The history of BBC Radio Leeds

Radio stations established in 1968
Leeds
Mass media in Leeds
Mass media in Bradford
Radio stations in Yorkshire
Leeds Blue Plaques

BBC Radio Leeds


Drahotěšice (deutsch Drahotieschitz) ist eine Gemeinde in Tschechien. Sie liegt 13 Kilometer südwestlich von Veselí nad Lužnicí in Südböhmen und gehört zum Okres České Budějovice.

Geographie
Drahotěšice befindet sich auf einem Höhenzug in der Lischauer Schwelle. Östlich entspringt der Bach Ponědražský potok in zwei Quellbächen, die sich im Teich Stojčín vereinigen. Im Norden erhebt sich der Hügel U Doktorova lomu (564 m) und südlich die Baba (570 m). Gegen Westen erstreckt sich das Waldgebiet Nová obora. Südöstlich des Dorfes verläuft die E 55/I/3 zwischen České Budějovice und Veselí nad Lužnicí.

Nachbarorte sind Radonice und Hvozdno im Norden, Pelejovice im Nordosten, Neplachov, Gebrovna und Švamberk im Osten, Na Jednotě, U Prokšů, Mazelov im Südosten, Ševětín, U Čížka und Vitín im Süden, Cirhan, U Petra und Vlkov im Südwesten, Líšnice und Němčice im Westen sowie Hroznějovice und Budáček im Nordwesten.

Geschichte
Mehrere Hügelgrabanlagen im Wald an der Baba und westlich des Dorfes belegen eine slawische Besiedlung im 8. und 9. Jahrhundert. Der Ortsname leitet sich vom Personennamen Drahotěch her.

Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung von Drahoczesicz erfolgte am 10. Oktober 1323 in einer Urkunde König Johann von Luxemburgs über einen Gütertausch der böhmischen Krone mit Peter I. von Rosenberg. Der König erhielt dabei zur Abrundung seiner Herrschaft Bechyně die Dörfer Radětice, Hvožďany und Křída; im Gegenzug trat er das Städtchen Bukovsko mit den Dörfern Neplachov und Drahoczesicz an Peter von Rosenberg ab. Das Dorf war bis zu deren Untergang um 1412 der Feste Bukovsko untertänig und wurde 1435 durch Ulrich II. von Rosenberg an die Herrschaft Wittingau angeschlossen. Zu Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts bestand das Dorf aus 14 Bauernwirtschaften. Nach dem Tode von Peter Wok von Rosenberg fiel das Erbe der Rosenberger 1612 Johann Georg von Schwanberg zu. Nach der Schlacht am Weißen Berge wurden die Güter Peter von Schwanbergs wegen seiner Beteiligung am Ständeaufstand von 1618 konfisziert und fielen den Habsburgern zu, die die Herrschaft Wittingau 1637 an den polnischen König Władysław IV. Wasa verpfändeten. Während des Dreißigjährigen Krieges verödete das Dorf, im Jahre 1624 waren nur noch drei Gehöfte bewirtschaftet. Erzherzog Leopold Wilhelm von Österreich trat 1660 die Herrschaft Wittingau an Johann Adolf I. von Schwarzenberg ab. Dieser schloss 1676 fast alle Dörfer der ehemaligen Herrschaft Bukowsko an das Gut Bzy an; Drahotěšice blieb jedoch weiterhin unmittelbar der Herrschaft Wittingau zugehörig. 1837 wurde eine Filiale der Schule Ševětín eingerichtet; sie besaß kein eigenes Schulhaus, der Unterricht erfolgte in verschiedenen Bauernhäusern. Im Jahre 1840 bestand Drahotieschitz/Drahotěssice aus 34 Häusern mit 419 Einwohnern. Pfarrort war Schewetin. Bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts blieb das Dorf immer der Herrschaft Wittingau untertänig.

Nach der Aufhebung der Patrimonialherrschaften bildete Drahotěšice/Drahotieschitz ab 1850 mit dem Ortsteil Radonice eine Gemeinde in der Bezirkshauptmannschaft Třeboň/Wittingau und dem Gerichtsbezirk Lomnice nad Lužnicí. Im Jahre 1868 löste sich Radonice los und bildete eine eigene Gemeinde. Mit 600 Einwohnern erreichte das Dorf um 1880 die höchste Bevölkerungszahl in seiner Geschichte. Die Freiwillige Feuerwehr bildete sich 1895. Im Jahre 1910 lebten in dem Dorf 593 tschechischsprachige Einwohner. 1912 wurde das Schulhaus eingeweiht. Nach der Aufhebung des Okres Třeboň wurde Drahotěšice 1948 Teil des Okres Týn nad Vltavou. Dieser wurde 1961 wieder aufgelöst und der Ort dem Okres České Budějovice zugeordnet. Am 14. Juli 1964 wurde Vlkov eingemeindet. 1974 erfolgte die Schließung der Schule, seitdem werden die Kinder des Dorfes in Ševětín unterrichtet. Zum 1. Juli 1975 wurde Drahotěšice zum Ortsteil von Ševětín. Nach einem Referendum löste sich das Dorf zum 24. November 1990 wieder von Ševětín los.

Gemeindegliederung
Für die Gemeinde Drahotěšice sind keine Ortsteile ausgewiesen.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Kapelle des hl. Wenzel, erbaut in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts
 Gedenkstein für die Gefallenen des Ersten Weltkrieges, enthüllt 1928
 Gehöfte im Blatastil des südböhmischen Bauernbarock, eine Ausweisung des Ortskernes als ländliches Denkmalschutzgebiet wird erwogen
 Mehrere slawische Hügelgrabanlagen westlich und südwestlich des Dorfes
 Waldgebiet Poněšická obora mit Hirschgarten

Söhne und Töchter der Gemeinde
 Vojtěch Ambrož (1905–1963), Geologe

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Geschichte des Ortes
 Präsentation auf selskebaroko.cz

Ersterwähnung 1323

Drahotěšice


Nicolas-Auguste Hesse (født 28 august 1795 i Paris, død 14. juni 1869 sammesteds) var en fransk historiemaler. Han var farbror til Alexandre Hesse.

Hesse var elev af Gros, vandt 1818 Rom-prisen med Filemon og Baukis, men sluttede sig væsentligst til Ingres' kunst. Mest bekendt er Hesse for sine kirkemalerier, i Paris' Notre Dame de Lorette (Sankt Hieronymus' Martyrium), Sainte-Élisabeth, Bonne-Nouvelle, Saint-Eustache, Saint-Séverin med flera. Til Luxembourgmuseet købtes Maria ved Jesu grav (1851). I øvrigt malede Hesse også i sine yngre dage rent historiske billeder som ''Mirabeau i États-généraux 1789.

Kilder

Historiemalere
Malere fra Frankrig
Franskmænd i 1800-tallet
Personer fra Paris

Nicolas-Auguste Hesse


La microrregión de Goioerê era una de las microrregiones del estado brasileño del Paraná, perteneciente a la mesorregión Centro Occidental Paranaense. Su población fue estimada en 2009 por el IBGE en 119.536 habitantes y estaba dividida en once municipios. Poseía un área total de 4.867,765 km².

En 2017 el IBGE extinguió las mesorregiones y microrregiones, creando un nuevo marco regional brasileño, con nuevas divisiones geográficas denominadas, respectivamente, regiones geográficas intermedias e inmediatas.

Municipios
 Altamira do Paraná
 Boa Esperança
 Campina da Lagoa
 Goioerê
 Janiópolis
 Juranda
 Moreira Sales
 Nova Cantu
 Quarto Centenário
 Rancho Alegre d'Oeste
 Ubiratã

Referencias

Goioerê

Microrregión de Goioerê


Prof. dr. sc. Neven Duić (Zagreb, 25. travnja 1965.), hrvatski je znanstvenik, redoviti profesor u trajnom zvanju na Fakultetu strojarstva i brodogradnje Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, predsjednik SDEWES centra , dopredsjednik Akademije tehničkih znanosti Hrvatske (HATZ), izabrani predsjednik Upravnog odbora Međunarodnog vijeća akademija tehničkih znanosti.

Životopis
Rođen u Zagrebu 1965. godine, gdje je završio osnovnu školu kao i Matematičko-informatički obrazovni centar ("MIOC", danas XV. gimnazija). Studirao je u Zagrebu strojarstvo, kao i 2 godine portugalskog jezika na Filozofskom fakultetu. Na Fakultetu strojarstva i brodogradnje (FSB) diplomirao je 1990., magistrirao 1993., a doktorirao 1998. disertacijom "Prilog matematičkom modeliranju izgaranja plinovitog goriva u ložištu generatora pare" (mentor prof.dr.sc. Željko Bogdan).

Na Fakultetu strojarstva i brodogradnje, na Zavodu za energetska postrojenja, energetiku i okoliš radi od 1990., najprije kao asistent, od 2001. kao docent, od 2006. kao izvanredni profesor, a od 2011. u zvanju redovitoga profesora. Bio je voditelj Katedre za energetska postrojenja i energetiku u periodu 2004.–12.
Na Instituto Superior Técnico iz Lisabona, Portugal bio je najprije gostujući istraživač, a zatim postdoktorski istraživač u šest navrata, u periodu između 1994. i 2003.

Njegova glavna područja od znanstvenog i stručnog interesa su:
 Energetska politika i planiranje
 Ekonomika energetike
 Politika održivog razvoja i planiranja resursa
 Ublažavanje klimatskih promjena
 Politika istraživanja i inovacija
 Modeliranje izgaranja i zračenja.

Prof. dr. sc. Neven Duić objavio je preko 650 znanstvenih radova, od čega 177 u časopisima navedenima u SCI.
Spada među najcitiranije znanstvenike na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu, njegovi znanstveni radovi citirani su preko 6500 puta u Scopus-u  i preko 6400 puta u WoS-u.  , H-indeks prema Scopus bazi je 45,  a prema WoS bazi 46. Održao je više od 170 pozvanih i keynote predavanja.

Uspješno je vodio 11 doktoranada, od kojih je jedan kandidat obranio doktorat s 27 godine te je time postao najmlađi doktor strojarstva u Hrvatskoj. Mentor je 6 doktoranada na FSB-u. Bio je član povjerenstava za obranu 13 doktorata, od toga za 10 na inozemnim sveučilištima (University of Southern Denmark, Chalmers University, Macquarie University, Aalborg University, University of Limerick, Instituto Superior Técnico, Sveučilište u Sarajevu, Sveučilište u Beogradu, University of Santander).
Vodio je ili vodi 24 gostujuća istraživača, kao i 8 postdoktoranada, a suvoditelj je bio za 2 postdoktoranda. Bio je voditelj 45 magistara struke.

Aktivno govori i piše engleski i portugalski jezik, a pasivno španjolski, francuski i talijanski jezik.

Znanstvene i stručne organizacije

Od 2012. redoviti je član Akademije tehničkih znanosti Hrvatske a njezin dopredsjednik u mandatu 2022.-2026.
Od 2022. izabrani je predsjednik ("President-Elect") Upravnog odbora Međunarodnog vijeća akademija tehničkih znanosti (CAETS – International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences).

Od 2008.-2018. bio je predsjednik Jadranske sekcije Instituta za izgaranje, a od tada član njenog Upravljačkog odbora.
Predsjednik je Međunarodnoga centra za održivi razvoj energetike, voda i okoliša (SDEWES Centre) od 2009., a također i supredsjedavajući njegovog Međunarodnog znanstvenog odbora ("SDEWES International Scientific Committee") Organizator je serije međunarodnih konferencija SDEWES o održivom razvoju energetike, voda i okoliša, od kojih je dosad održano dvadeset i šest konferencija, te je član organizacijskih, znanstvenih i programskih odbora više od 70 znanstvenih skupova.

Glavni je urednik online znanstvenog časopisa Journal of sustainable development of energy, water and environment systems (JSDEWES) od njegova pokretanja 2013. Nadalje, senior urednik je časopisa e-Prime, suradnik urednik časopisa Energy Storage and Saving te urednik časopisa Energy Conversion and Management i International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management. Također, urednik je područja časopisa Energy, član je uredništva časopisa Smart Energy, eTransportation, Applied Energy, Thermal Science i International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies.

Od 2008. član je Odbora za poslijediplomske studije FSB-a, a od 2011. član je Nacionalnog odbora za praćenje okvirnih programa Europske komisije za istraživanje i tehnološki razvoj. Od 2017. član je Energy steering panela Znanstveno savjetodavnog vijeća europskih akademija ("European Academies' Science Advisory Council", EASAC), a od 2019. zamjenik člana Inovacijskog vijeća za industriju Republike Hrvatske pri Nacionalnom vijeću za znanost, visoko obrazovanje i tehnološki razvoj.  Od 2017.-21. bio je predsjednik Područnog znanstvenog vijeća za tehničke znanosti pri Nacionalnom vijeću za znanost, visoko obrazovanje i tehnološki razvoj.  Od 2020. član je Savjeta za koordiniranje aktivnosti vezanih za izradu programa cjelovite obnove povijesne jezgre. Grada Zagreba.

Na listi je među 2% najutjecajnijih znanstvenika u svijetu, objavljenima 2022. te 2021. godine, prof. Duić je uvršten obje godine u oba dvije liste, listu najutjecajnijih znanstvenika u 2021. odnosno 2020. godini (prema citiranim radovima) kao i u popis najutjecajnijih znanstvenika u cjeloživotnoj znanstvenoj karijeri. Liste se slažu po složenom modelu koji koristi šest standardiziranih indikatora znanstvene produktivnosti.

Sudjelovao je na preko 100 znanstvenih i stručnih projekata, a u 2022. uključen je kao voditelj ili suradnik na 14 znanstvenih projekata, od kojih su glavnina međunarodni znanstveni projekti.

Aktivan je u raznim medijima, čest sudionik okruglih stolova,  javnih predavanja,  radio i TV emisija.

Nagrade i priznanja
Za svoj iznimni rad Neven Duić dobio je niz nagrada i priznanja, među kojima se ističu:
 2008. – Godišnje priznanje za poticanje međunarodne suradnje Sveučilišta u Zagrebu: Priznanje nastavniku za unapređenje međunarodne suradnje ostvareno u okviru znanstvenog, nastavnog ili stručnog projekta na međunarodnom planu, u akademskoj godini 2007./2008.
 2017. – Državna nagrada za znanost za 2016. godinu, u području tehničkih znanosti za znanstvena istraživanja koja su usmjerena na održivi razvoj energetike
 2018. – Velika Medalja Fakulteta - priznanje za izuzetan doprinos u unapređenju rada, razvoja i promociji Fakulteta strojarstva i brodogradnje
 2021. – Medalja Atanasije Stojković, Društvo termičara Srbije

Izvori

Hrvatski znanstvenici

Neven Duić


الفيروسات الخيطية  هي عائلة من الفيروسات السلبية ذات الرنا أحادي السلسلة، ويعرف أفراد هذه العائلة بأنهم العوامل المسببة حمات نزفية مثل:
 فيروس ماربورغ
 فيروس إيبولا

المراجع

أسلحة بيولوجية
أمراض الرئيسيات
أمراض حيوانية المنشأ
أمراض فيروسية حيوانية
أمراض مدارية
حمى نزفية
عائلات فيروسية
فيروسات سلبية ذات الرنا أحادي السلسلة

فيروسات خيطية


was a town located in Ōshima District, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 7,072 and a density of 149.55 persons per km2. The total area was 47.29 km2.

On October 1, 2004, Ōshima, along with the towns of Kuka, Tachibana and Tōwa (all from Ōshima District), was merged to create the town of Suō-Ōshima.

External links
 Official website of Suō-Ōshima (in Japanese)

Dissolved municipalities of Yamaguchi Prefecture

Ōshima, Yamaguchi