This is a list of characters from animated cartoon, comic books, webcomics and comic strips who are named after people.

Characters named after famous people

A
 Mayor Adam West in Family Guy, who is also dubbed by Adam West.
 Alexander Lemming from The Beano – Scottish chemist Alexander Fleming .
 Alexander Owlcott, a character in The Woods Are Full of Cuckoos – Alexander Woolcott .
 Alister from the anime Yu-Gi-Oh! was named after Aleister Crowley in the dub version (the character's original name is Amelda).
 Alvida of the anime and manga series One Piece gets her name from the female pirate Awilda
 Ann-Margrock, a Flintstones character – Ann-Margret
 Apu Nahasapeemapetilon (The Simpsons) is named after Apu, the title character in The Apu trilogy.
 Archimedes the owl (The Sword and the Stone) is named after ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes.
 Arnie Pie from The Simpsons – Ernie Pyle .
 Arpine Lusène – Arsène Lupin, a fictional character from Maurice Leblanc.
 Ax-hand Morgan of the anime and manga series One Piece gets his surname from Henry Morgan, a Welsh privateer who made a name in the Caribbean as a leader of buccaneers.
 Attila the dog - (Belgian comic strip Attila ) is named after Attila the Hun.
 Attila the dog - (Los Trotamúsicos) is named after Attila the Hun.

B
 Babbitt and Catstello, characters in A Tale of Two Kitties – Comedians Abbott and Costello.
 Baby Crockett, from The Beezer comic – Frontiersman Davy Crockett.
 Baby Face Finlayson, from The Beano comic – Criminal Baby Face Nelson.
 Bakelandt (from the Belgian comic series Bakelandt) is named after 18th-century criminal Ludovicus Baekelandt.
 Professor Barabas - (Suske en Wiske) – Barabbas, the biblical thief.
 Barbe Rouge (English name: Redbeard) is named after real-life pirate Hayreddin Barbarossa, who also had the nickname Redbeard.
 Barney Gumble - (The Simpsons) was named after The Flintstones character Barney Rubble.
 Bartholomew Kuma from the anime and manga series One Piece is named after Welsh pirate Bartholomew Roberts.
 Basil Hawkins from the anime and manga series One Piece is named after both English Admiral Sir John Hawkins and English Doctor Basil Ringrose.
 Bellamy the Hyena from the anime and manga series One Piece is named after Samuel Bellamy, a formidable pirate in the early eighteenth century.
 Betty Savis, a character in She Was an Acrobat's Daughter – Bette Davis.
 Bing Crowsby, in The Woods Are Full of Cuckoos – Singer Bing Crosby.
 Bogey Go Cart, a character in Bacall to Arms – Hollywood actor Humphrey Bogart.
 Brutus (The Rescuers) is named after Roman senator Brutus.
 Butch and Cassidy, villains from Pokémon – Criminal Butch Cassidy.
 Buzz Lightyear from Toy Story – Astronaut Buzz Aldrin.

C
 Calamity James from The Beano comic – Calamity Jane.
 Calamity Jane from Lucky Luke – Frontierswoman Calamity Jane.
 Calvin from Calvin and Hobbes – John Calvin, 16th century theologian.
 Markies de Canteclaer - (Tom Poes) is named after Canteclaer the rooster from Reynard the Fox.
 Capone Bege from the anime and manga series One Piece is named after Al Capone and William le Sauvage.
 Cary Granite, a Flintstones character – Hollywood actor Cary Grant.
 Casey Strangle, a Flintstones character – Casey Stengel.
 Cecil Crumey from Code Geass – Novelist Andrew Crumey.
 Char Aznable (Mobile Suit Gundam through Char's Counterattack). Rumored to be named after French lounge singer Charles Aznavour.
 Chilly Willy – Actor Chill Wills.
 Chuck, from Adolescent Radioactive Black Belt Hamsters – Hollywood actor Chuck Norris.
 Clark Gravel, a Flintstones – Hollywood actor Clark Gable.
 Clint, from Adolescent Radioactive Black Belt Hamsters – Hollywood actor Clint Eastwood.
 Clo-Clo Pheip (The Adventures of Nero), named after the French singer Claude François, who was nicknamed Clo-Clo.
 Cupidon, named after the Greek-Roman mythological character Cupid.

D
 The Daltons (Lucky Luke) are named after the real-life 19th-century Dalton Gang.
 Darwin Watterson, from The Amazing World of Gumball – Biologist Charles Darwin.
 Dewey, one of "Huey, Dewey and Louie" – U.S. politician Thomas Dewey.
 Dick Fowl, a character in The Woods Are Full of Cuckoos – Dick Powell.
 Dina Saur from Beany and Cecil. A singing dinosaur named after singer Dinah Shore.
 Dio Brando is named after both Ronnie James Dio and Marlon Brando.
 Dole Promise, a character from She Was an Acrobat's Daughter – Lowell Thomas.
 Donatello, the second youngest of the ninja turtle brothers from TMNT – the Italian Renaissance artist and sculptor, Donatello.
 Donquixote Doflamingo from the anime and manga series One Piece is named after the a character from Spanish film of the same name Don Quixote.
 X. Drake from the anime and manga series One Piece is named after the famous English naval Vice Adm. Francis Drake, who was known as a pirate the Spanish.
 Duck Dodgers, played by Daffy Duck, was named after famous character Buck Rogers.
 Duckula, named after Dracula.
 Dumbo is named after 19th-century circus elephant Jumbo.

E
 Ed G. Robemsome, a character in Thugs with Dirty Mugs – Edward G. Robinson.
 Egroeg Sacul, Star Tours at the Disney's Hollywood Studios, named after Star Wars creator George Lucas. Egroeg Sacul is George Lucas spelled backwards.
 Empoleon from Pokémon – French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.
 Eustass Kid from the anime and manga series One Piece is named after the mercenary Eustace the Monk and the Scottish privateer William Kid.

F
 Fats Swallow, a character in The Woods Are Full of Cuckoos – Jazz musician Fats Waller.
 Foghorn Leghorn, Warner Brothers cartoons – Senator Claghorn, regular character on The Fred Allen Show.
 Francesca Lucchini from the anime Strike Witches, named after Italian World War 2 fighter pilot Franco Lucchini.
 Frankie Stein, from the Wham!, Shiver and Shake, Whoopee! and Monster Fun comics. – Frankenstein.
 Fred Bonaparte, from the game Psychonauts – his apparent ancestor, Napoleon Bonaparte.
 Fred McFurry, a character in The Woods Are Full of Cuckoos – Fred MacMurray.

G
 Gloria Von Gouten, from the game Psychonauts, named after the famous actor, Gloria Swanson.
 Goddard, the robot dog of Jimmy Neutron, is named for rocket scientist Robert Goddard.

H
 Hamlet - (Hagar the Horrible) is named after Shakespearean character Hamlet.
 Helga G. Pataki of "Hey Arnold!", named after former governor George Pataki.
 Huey Freeman from The Boondocks is named after Huey P. Newton
 Huey, one of "Huey, Dewey and Louie" – Huey Pierce Long, American politician.
 Hitmonlee from Pokémon – Bruce Lee, martial artist
 Hitmonchan from Pokémon – Jackie Chan, martial artist
 Hobbes from Calvin and Hobbes – Thomas Hobbes, 17th century philosopher.
 Hohenheim of Light, from Fullmetal Alchemist – Paracelsus, sixteenth-century alchemist, whose real name was Theophrastus Van Hohenheim
 Hubert Farnsworth from Futurama – Inventor Philo Farnsworth
 Huckleberry Hound – Huckleberry Finn, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

I
 Iago from Aladdin – Iago, William Shakespeare's play Othello.
 Ivy the Terrible – Russian czar Ivan the Terrible.

J
 Jack Bunny, a character in I Love to Singa – Jack Benny.
 Jackie, from Adolescent Radioactive Black Belt Hamsters comic book – Martial artist Jackie Chan.
 James Isaac Neutron from The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius – Isaac Newton, English scientist, and James Chadwick, who was nicknamed "Jimmy Neutron".
 Jeffy Dahmer, of The Ringer – Serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer.
 Jerom, of Suske en Wiske – Jeroom Verten – Belgian playwright.
 Jessie and James, villains from Pokémon named after outlaw Jesse James.
 Jewelry Bonney from the anime and manga series One Piece is named after Irish female pirate Anne Bonny.
 Jimmy Darrock, a Flintstones character – singer James Darren.
 John D. Rockerduck – Billionnaire John D. Rockefeller.
 Jules and Verne, the sons of Doctor Emmett Brown in Back to the Future: The Animated Series, are named after Jules Verne.

K
  Kangaskhan from some Western localizations of Pokémon – Genghis Khan, the Mongol Emperor
 The Koopalings are named after musicians.

L
 Lafayette (The Aristocats) is named after the French military officer Marquis de Lafayette.
 Laffite from the anime and manga series One Piece is named after French pirate Jean Lafitte.
 Lapras from Pokémon – Mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace.
 Laurie Be Cool, a character in Bacall to Arms – Hollywood actress Lauren Bacall.
 Léonard the inventor is named after Italian scientist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci.
 Leonardo, the oldest of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles – the great Italian Renaissance artist and scientist, Leonardo da Vinci
 Leo Ferocious, a Flintstones character – Baseball player Leo Durocher.
 Lester Coward, a character in She Was an Acrobat's Daughter – Actor Leslie Howard.
 Little Annie Fanny is named after comic character Little Annie Rooney.
 Louis the Alligator (The Princess and the Frog) is named after Louis Armstrong.
 Ludvig from Hey Arnold! – Composer Ludwig van Beethoven
 Ludwig Von Drake – Composer Ludwig van Beethoven.

M
 Marge Simpson (born Marge Bouvier) – Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis, former First Lady of the United States, widow to John F. Kennedy and Aristotle Onassis.
 Marshall D. Teach, Thatch, and Edward Newgate from the anime and manga series One Piece are named after Edward Teach, better known as Blackbeard, who was a notorious English pirate in the Caribbean Sea and western Atlantic during the early 18th century.
 Dr. Marvin Monroe (The Simpsons) is named after Hollywood actress Marilyn Monroe.
 Madame Medusa (The Rescuers) is named after Greek mythological character Medusa.
 Michelangelo, the youngest of the ninja turtle brothers from TMNT – the great Italian Renaissance artist and sculptor, Michelangelo Buonarroti.
 Milhouse Van Houten, a character on The Simpsons – Richard Milhous Nixon, see BBC Simpson's page.  Milhouse's middle name Mussolini is based on Italian dictator Benito Mussolini.
 Milton Squirrel, in The Woods Are Full of Cuckoos – Comedian Milton Berle.
 Morlocks – in Marvel Comics, a group of mutants naming themselves after the futuristic race in H.G. Wells' The Time Machine

N
 Nabuko Donosor (Urbanus) is named after Nebuchadnezzar II.
 Napoleon (The Aristocrats) is named after Napoleon Bonaparte.
 Nebby K. Nezzer from Veggie Tales is named after Nebuchadnezzar.
 Nemo from the movie Finding Nemo – Captain Nemo, fictional character in Jules Verne's novels 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea and The Mysterious Island.
 Nero – Nero, Belgian comic character by Marc Sleen is named after the Roman emperor Nero.
 Nero (The Rescuers) is named after Roman emperor Nero.
 Nina Einstein from Code Geass – Albert Einstein.

O
 Olga Lawina (Agent 327) is named after Dutch singer Olga Lowina.
 Oscar from Cerebus – named after poet and playwright Oscar Wilde.
 Owl Jolson, a character in I Love to Singa – Al Jolson.

P
 Pepé Le Pew, French skunk in Warner Brothers cartoons – Pepe le Moko, fictional character from the novel and movies of the same name.
 Philip J. Fry, from Futurama – Phil Hartman, voice actor.
 Pluto, named after the dwarf planet Pluto, in itself named after Greek-Roman mythological character Pluto.

R
 Raphael, the second oldest of the ninja turtle brothers from TMNT, was named after the Italian Renaissance artist and sculptor, Raphael Sanzio.
 Rasputin (Inspector Canardo) is named after Rasputin.
 Richard the Lion, from The Beano comic – English king Richard the Lionheart.
 Rip Van Wink, from The Beano comic – Literary character Rip van Winkle.
 Rock Lee from Naruto is named after martial artist Bruce Lee.
 Rock Quarry – Flintstones character named after actor Rock Hudson.
 Roronoa Zoro from the anime and manga series One Piece is named after French pirate François l'Olonnais and fictional hero/vigilante Zorro.
 Rubberduck, comic book character from Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew, is the secret identity of actor Byrd Rentals, named after Burt Reynolds.

S
 Scrooge McDuck – Ebenezer Scrooge, fictional character in Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol
 Seymour Skinner (The Simpsons) is named after psychologist B.F. Skinner.
 Sigmund (Dutch comics character) –  Sigmund Freud, Austrian psychiatrist.
 Sophie Turkey, a character in The Woods Are Full of Cuckoos – Sophie Tucker.
 Stony Curtis, a Flintstones character – Hollywood actor Tony Curtis.
 Sweeny Toddler, from the Shiver and Shake, Whoopee! and Buster comics – Literary character Sweeney Todd.

T
 Thor (Marvel character) is named after the Norse god Thor.
 Tony Zucco – Rumored to be named after the actor George Zucco.
 Trafalgar Law from the anime and manga series One Piece'''s last name Law is based on notorious English pirate Edward Low. His first name is from the Battle of Trafalgar.
 Troy McClure from The Simpsons – Actors Troy Donahue and Doug McClure.
 Tycho Brahe, from Penny Arcade – Tycho Brahe, sixteenth-century astronomer.

V
 Victor and Hugo (The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Disney film) – Victor Hugo, author of The Hunchback of Notre Dame.
 Victor and Hugo, the Cosgrove Hall Films characters, are also named after the author.

W
 W.C. Fieldmouse – Hollywood comedian W.C. Fields.
 Wolfgang from Hey Arnold! – Composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
 Woodhouse, the butler from Archer, is named after British author P.G. Wodehouse, who created the famous fictional butler, Jeeves.
 Woody from Toy Story – American football player and actor Woody Strode.

Y
 Yankee Poodle, comic book character from Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew, is the secret identity of Rova Barkitt, named after gossip columnist Rona Barrett.
 Yensid, from Fantasia, after Walt Disney. Yensid is Disney spelled backwards.
 Yogi Bear – Baseball player Yogi Berra.

Z
 Zippy the Pinhead is named after real-life sideshow artist Zip the Pinhead.
 Zorry Kid is named after masked avenger Zorro.

Characters named after non-famous people
 Bugs Bunny from Looney Tunes – Ben "Bugs" Hardaway, storyboard artist.
 Chang Chong-Chen - (The Adventures of Tintin) is named after a friend of Hergé, Zhang Chongren.
 Homer Simpson, Marge Simpson, Lisa Simpson and Maggie Simpson of The Simpsons are named after the family members of creator Matt Groening: his father Homer, his mother Marge and his sisters Lisa and Maggie.
 Garfield is named after Jim Davis's grandfather, James Garfield Davis (who is named after James Abram Garfield).
 Jeff Fischer, from American Dad! is named after Seth MacFarlane's good friend with the same name.
 Louie, one of "Huey, Dewey and Louie" – Louie Schmitt, animator
 Alvin, Simon, and Theodore (The Chipmunks), are named after the executives of their original record label, Liberty Records: Alvin Bennett (the president), Theodore Keep (the chief engineer), and Simon Waronker (the founder and owner).
 Timmy Turner from The Fairly OddParents – Timmy Hartman (younger brother of Butch Hartman)
 Charlie Brown and Linus, from Peanuts, were named after friends of Charles Schulz from Art Instruction Inc., where Schulz taught before and at the beginning of his cartoon career.
 Cree Lincoln, from Codename: Kids Next Door, is named after her voice actress, Cree Summer.
 Lois Lane, from the Superman comics, is named after Lois Amster, a girl that Jerry Siegel had a crush on.
 Bullwinkle J. Moose is named after Clarence Bullwinkel, a friend of Jay Ward and Alex Anderson, who created Bullwinkle. The J in his name is for his creator Jay Ward, as the J in Homer Simpson's middle name was Matt Groening's way of honoring Jay Ward.
 Pocoyo, the main protagonist of the TV show "Pocoyo", named after his three-year-old daughter used it in her nightly prayers saying "Eres niño poco yo" ("You're a child little me") instead of "Eres niño como yo ("You're a child like me").
 Super Zia (from Toothpique Productions' series of the same title) is named after the actor playing him, a friend of the director's, Ziauddin Md. Nasrullah.
 Erfaan a.k.a. Mr. 85 (from Toothpique Productions' Super Zia) is named after a friend of the director's girlfriend.
 Shinji Ikari from Neon Genesis Evangelion is named after Shinji Higuchi, head of Gainax, the animation studio of Evangelion.
 Kirby is named after lawyer John Kirby, who defended Nintendo in the Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd. case in 1984.
 Porky Pig from Looney Tunes'' is named two childhood classmates of creator Friz Freleng, nicknamed "Porky" and "Piggy."
 Mario is named after Nintendo of America's warehouse landlord Mario Segale.

References

Comic and cartoon characters

List of comic and cartoon characters named after people


Chott Ech Chergui (en árabe: شط الشرقي) es un lago endorreico grande con agua salada en el noroeste de Argelia, que se encuentra en las coordenadas geográficas  en el Atlas sahariano.

El chott tiene una superficie de aproximadamente 2.000 km² y es uno de los mayores lagos de Argelia, además de sitio Ramsar, con una superficie de 8.555 kilómetros cuadrados.

En enero de 2001, el Chott Ech Chergui fue designado como un humedal de importancia internacional (sitio Ramsar n.º 1.052).

Véase también
 Geografía de Argelia
 Geografía de África

Referencias

Enlaces externos
información sobre el lago

Lagos de Argelia
Sitios Ramsar en Argelia
Humedales de Argelia

Chott Ech Chergui


Kegalle es un distrito de Sri Lanka en la provincia de Sabaragamuwa. Código ISO: LK.KE.

Comprende una superficie de 1 663 km².

El centro administrativo es la ciudad de Kegalle.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población total de 818 000 habitantes, de los cuales 418 000 eran mujeres y 400 000 varones.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web oficial.

Kegalle

Distrito de Kegalle


වික්‍රම්ජිත් සිං (උපත 2003 ජනවාරි 9) නෙදර්ලන්ත ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩකයෙකි. ඔහු 2019 සිට නෙදර්ලන්තයට ක්‍රීඩා කර ඇත.

පෞද්ගලික ජීවිතය
සිං සික් ජාතිකයෙකු වන අතර ඔහු උපත ලැබුවේ ඉන්දියාවේ පන්ජාබ් හි චීමා කුර්ද් හි ය. ඔහු වයස අවුරුදු හතේදී නෙදර්ලන්තයට ගියේය.

ජාත්යන්තර වෘත්තිය
සිං වයස අවුරුදු 15 දී නෙදර්ලන්ත A වෙනුවෙන් සිය මංගල තරගයට පිවිසියේය.

2019 සැප්තැම්බර් මාසයේදී, ඔහු 2019-20 අයර්ලන්ත තුන්කොන් තරඟාවලිය සඳහා නෙදර්ලන්ත විස්සයි20 ජාත්‍යන්තර (වි20ජා) සංචිතයට නම් කරන ලදී. ඔහු 2019 සැප්තැම්බර් 19 වෙනිදා ස්කොට්ලන්තයට එරෙහිව නෙදර්ලන්තය වෙනුවෙන් ඔහුගේ පළමු වි20ජා තරගය තරග කළේය. 2020 අප්‍රේල් මාසයේදී, ඔහු කණ්ඩායමේ ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ සංචිතයට නම් කළ නෙදර්ලන්ත ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩකයින් 17 දෙනාගෙන් කෙනෙකි.

ඔහු 2021 මැයි 11 වන දින, අයර්ලන්ත වුල්ව්ස්ට එරෙහිව නෙදර්ලන්ත A කණ්ඩායම වෙනුවෙන්, ඔවුන්ගේ අයර්ලන්ත සංචාරය අතරතුර, ඔහුගේ පළමු ලැයිස්තු A ආරම්භය සිදු කළේය. එම මාසයේම පසුව, ඔහු ස්කොට්ලන්තයට එරෙහි තරඟාවලිය සඳහා නෙදර්ලන්ත එක්දින ජාත්‍යන්තර (එදිජා) සංචිතයට නම් කරන ලදී. 2022 පෙබරවාරියේදී, ඔහු නවසීලන්තයට එරෙහි තරඟාවලිය සඳහා නෙදර්ලන්ත ODI සංචිතයට නම් කරන ලදී. ඔහු 2022 මාර්තු 29 දින නවසීලන්තයට එරෙහිව නෙදර්ලන්තය වෙනුවෙන් සිය මංගල එක්දින තරගයට පිවිසියේය.

යොමු කිරීම්

ජීවමාන ජනයා

වික්‍රම්ජිත් සිං


5542 Moffatt este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
5542 Moffatt este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Bickley de Observatorul din Perth. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,59 ua, o excentricitate de 0,16 și o înclinație de 15,9° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 5001-6000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1978
Centura de asteroizi

5542 Moffatt


රාජා (මාලිගාවේ රාජා ලෙසින්ද හැඳින්වුනු) යනු,  මහනුවර,  ශ්‍රී දළදා මාලිගාවට අයත්ව සිටි ශ්‍රී ලාංකික දළ ඇතෙකි.

රාජා (අලියා)


O rabo-branco-de-sobre-amarelo (nome científico: Phaethornis nattereri) é uma espécie da família dos beija-flores Trochilidae. É encontrado na Bolívia e no Brasil.

Taxonomia e sistemática
A taxonomia do rabo-branco-de-sobre-amarelo é incerta. Aves chamadas de eremita-do-norte são às vezes tratadas como uma subespécie do rabo-branco-de-garganta-canela, mas atualmente os principais sistemas taxonômicos seguem as análises de Hinkelmann que determinaram que é a plumagem masculina de P. nattereri. No entanto, o eremita "Maranhão" ocorre apenas na parte norte separada da faixa de P. nattereri, e como parece ter vocalizações diferentes daquelas da outra população, pode justificar o reconhecimento como uma espécie distinta, P. maranhaoensis. Estudos moleculares são necessários para confirmar ou negar essa atribuição. Como atualmente entendido, o rabo-branco-de-sobre-amarelo é monotípico.

Descrição
O rabo-branco-de-sobre-amarelo tem cerca  comprimento e pesa . Os machos têm as partes superiores arroxeadas, asas verdes e as partes inferiores acastanhadas. Seu par interno de penas da cauda é longo e com pontas brancas. Ambos os sexos possuem uma "máscara" preta com um supercílio pálido e uma faixa malar. As fêmeas são semelhantes ao macho, mas com a garganta mais pálida e as penas centrais da cauda mais longas.

Distribuição e habitat
O rabo-branco-de-sobre-amarelo é conhecido por duas áreas distintas. Um inclui o leste da Bolívia e os estados brasileiros adjacentes de Mato Grosso e Rondônia. A outra fica no nordeste do Brasil, principalmente nos estados do Maranhão, Piauí e Ceará, e também no Pará e Tocantins. Especula-se que também habite a ampla região entre as duas áreas conhecidas. O eremita "Maranhão" proposto encontra-se na zona nordeste. A espécie habita várias paisagens não florestais, incluindo florestas semidecíduas, secundárias e de galeria, cerrado e caatinga. Em altitude varia do nível do mar a .

Comportamento

Movimento
Acredita-se que o rabo-branco-de-sobre-amarelo seja sedentário.

Alimentando
O rabo-branco-de-sobre-amarelo é um alimentador de "linha-armadilha" como outros beija-flores eremitas, visitando um circuito de plantas com flores em busca de néctar. Também consome pequenos artrópodes.

Reprodução
Pouco se sabe sobre a fenologia reprodutiva do rabo-branco-de-sobre-amarelo. Seu ninho é relatado para ser suspenso abaixo de uma folha caída. O eremita "Maranhão" se reproduz entre novembro e abril.

Vocalização
A canção do rabo-branco-de-sobre-amarelo é "uma frase aguda repetida incessantemente sem pausas entre as frases... por exemplo, 'tsee... tsee... tsee... nya-ka-wee'."

Status
A IUCN avaliou o rabo-branco-de-sobre-amarelo como sendo de menor preocupação, embora seu tamanho populacional não tenha sido determinado e acredita-se que esteja diminuindo. É pouco conhecido, embora pensado para ser localmente comum, e ocorre em algumas áreas protegidas.

Phaethornis
Aves descritas em 1887
Aves do Brasil

Rabo-branco-de-sobre-amarelo


Erica Küppers (* 20. Dezember 1891 in Essen; † 16. September 1968 in Bad Vilbel) war eine deutsche evangelische Pfarrerin. Sie war Mitglied der Bekennenden Kirche (BK) und erste ordinierte Pfarrerin der Evangelischen Kirche in Hessen und Nassau.

Leben
Küppers studierte nach Erlangung ihrer Hochschulreife 1911 Evangelische Theologie, Philosophie und Germanistik in Göttingen, Zürich, Leipzig und Heidelberg. Küppers gehörte seit ihrer Göttinger Studienzeit zum Freundeskreis um Karl Barth und später um Charlotte von Kirschbaum. Sie legte das Examen zum Lehramt ab. Danach wurde sie Lehrerin an der privaten Odenwaldschule von Ober-Hambach, in der  reformorientiert unterrichtet wurde. Danach ist sie in den Schuldienst von Niedersachsen übernommen worden. 1926 wurde sie zur Studienrätin an der Erziehungs- und Bildungsanstalt für Mädchen in Droyßig bei Zeitz ernannt. Von dort aus ging sie mit einem Stipendium nach Bonn und Bethel, wo sie ihr Theologiestudium bis zum Ersten theologischen Examen weiter betrieb. Es gelang ihr jedoch nicht zu promovieren, weil sie in ernste Auseinandersetzungen mit dem 1933 eingesetzten Direktor in Droyssig geriet. Im Dezember 1933 wurde sie nach Magdeburg versetzt. Frühzeitig schloss sie sich der Bekennenden Kirche an, zu deren dahlemitischem Flügel sie gehörte. Ihren Widerspruch gegen Rassismus und Antisemitismus machte sie öffentlich. Weil sie den Eid auf Adolf Hitler verweigerte, wurde sie im August 1935 vom Dienst beurlaubt und am 24. Oktober gleichen Jahres zwangsweise in den Ruhestand versetzt. Weil sie dennoch mehrere Vorträge gegen die Ausgrenzung und Diskriminierung von Juden hielt, erhielt sie 1936 Redeverbot für den Regierungsbezirk Magdeburg. Am 1. Dezember 1936 trat sie in den Dienst des Stadtverbandes der Evangelischen Frauenhilfe von Frankfurt am Main.

Nach der Befreiung vom Nationalsozialismus wirkte sie im Auftrag des evangelischen Bruderrats der BK beim Wiederaufbau des kirchlichen Lebens mit. Im Januar 1950 übernahm sie die Schriftleitung der neu gegründeten Zeitung "Bekennende Kirche auf dem Weg", dem Nachrichtenblatt des Bruderrates der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland. Im Juli 1950 konnte sie sogar ihre Zweite Theologische Prüfung ablegen und in das Vikariat eintreten. Am 1. Advent 1950 wurde sie von Kirchenpräsident Martin Niemöller, einem langjährigen guten Freund, ordiniert. Küppers durfte nun offiziell den Titel Vikarin tragen, aber Pfarrerin durfte sie sich trotzdem nicht nennen. Im Dezember 1950 trat sie eine Stelle an als Gefängnisseelsorgerin im Frauengefängnis Preungesheim. Die Synode der Evangelischen Kirche in Hessen und Nassau, der Küppers ab 1951 selbst angehörte, verabschiedete erst 1959 ein Pfarrerinnengesetz, mit dem ihr und damit weiteren Frauen der Titel einer Pfarrerin zu tragen erlaubt wurde.

Zusammen mit anderen Freunden aus der Bekennenden Kirche gehörte sie seit 1949 für ein Jahrzehnt zu den Herausgebern der BK-Zeitschrift Die Stimme der Gemeinde.

Ehrung
Nach ihrem Tode wurde in Erinnerung an sie ein kirchliches Gemeindehaus in Weiterstadt in Erica-Küppers-Haus benannt. Es steht am Herrngartenweg 5.

Veröffentlichungen
Gottes Volk. Stimme Verl.,  Frankfurt a. M. 1962.
Die Stimme des Christen im deutschen Gedicht 1933–1945. Bechauf, Bielefeld 1948.
Arbeitshilfe zur Behandlung der Judenfrage in Gemeindeabenden, im Unterricht und in Katechetischen Kursen. Lembeck, Frankfurt a. M. 1950.
Bekennende Kirche. Chr. Kaiser, München 1952.

Literatur
Marlies Flesch-Thebesius: Unsere theologischen Mütter: Zum Beispiel Carola Barth und Erica Küppers aus Frankfurt. In: Joachim Proescholdt (Hrsg.): Evangelische Persönlichkeiten in Frankfurt am Mai. Vorträge zur 1200-Jahrfeier der Stadt Frankfurt am Main. Frankfurt am Main 1995, ISBN 3-922179-27-4.
Marlies Flesch-Thebesius: Blume der Steppe. Das Leben der Pfarrerin Erica Küppers 1891–1968. In: Schriftenreihe des Evangelischen Regionalverbandes Frankfurt am Main, 1. Aufl. 1994, ISBN 978-3-922179-23-8.

Einzelnachweise

Evangelischer Geistlicher (20. Jahrhundert)
Person des Christentums (Frankfurt am Main)
Person der Bekennenden Kirche
Herausgeber
Deutscher
Geboren 1891
Gestorben 1968
Frau

Erica Küppers


Roger Garnung, né le  à Biganos et mort le  à Pessac, est un joueur et entraîneur de rugby à XIII dans les années 1950 et 1960 évoluant au poste de demi de mêlée, de demi d'ouverture ou de centre.

Après des débuts au club de Facture-Biganos, où il devient international Junior puis Amateur, il rejoint Bordeaux XIII entre 1957 et 1960. Il part ensuite pour Villeneuve-sur-Lot disputant une finale de Championnat de France en 1962 aux côtés de Jean Panno, Jacques Merquey et Jacques Dubon, avant de revenir à Bordeaux-Facture et y terminer sa carrière sportive comme joueur puis avec le poste d'entraîneur dans les années 1970.

Il connaît par ailleurs dix-huit sélections en équipe de France entre 1964 et 1968 et remporte des matchs prestigieux contre la Grande-Bretagne, la Nouvelle-Zélande et l'Australie.

Il participe à la Tournée de l'équipe de France en 1964 en Australie et Nouvelle-Zélande.

En hommage à sa belle carrière, le stade municipal de Biganos porte son nom.

Biographie

Palmarès

 Collectif :
 Finaliste du Championnat de France : 1962 (Villeneuve-sur-Lot).

Détails en sélection

Notes et références

Liens externes

International français de rugby à XIII
Naissance en décembre 1935
Décès en février 1999
Décès à 63 ans

Roger Garnung


Ďurďoš este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Vranov nad Topľou din regiunea Prešov. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 258 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Ďurďoš este atestată documentar din 1363.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Ďurďoš


An Oncidium hirtzoides in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Mark W. Chase ngan Norris Hagan Williams. An Oncidium hirtzoides in nahilalakip ha genus nga Oncidium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Oncidium

Oncidium hirtzoides


«Venían del desierto / Poema 15» es el décimo sencillo oficial del cantautor chileno Víctor Jara como solista. Fue lanzado en 1972 y pertenece al álbum El derecho de vivir en paz lanzado el año anterior.

La canción «Poema 15» corresponde a un poema del libro de Pablo Neruda Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada, publicado en 1924.

Lista de canciones

Referencias

Sencillos de 1972
Sencillos de Víctor Jara
Sencillos de Discoteca del Cantar Popular
Canciones en español

Venían del desierto / Poema 15


Weih bezeichnet:

 Rolf Weih (1906–1969), deutscher Schauspieler
 Weih (Luftenberg), Ortsteil von Luftenberg an der Donau, Österreich
 einen Greifvogel, siehe Weihen (Gattung) oder Schneckenweih

Siehe auch:
 Weyh
 Wei

Weih


Khardaha (en bengalí: খড়দহ ) es una ciudad de la India, en el distrito de 24 Parganas norte, estado de Bengala Occidental. Según el censo de 2011, tiene una población de 108,496 habitantes.

Geografía
Está situada a una altitud de 15 , a 19 km de la capital estatal, Calcuta, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Bengala Occidental

Khardaha


Walther Fischer von Weikersthal (* 15. September 1890 in Stuttgart; † 11. Februar 1953 ebenda) war ein deutscher General der Infanterie im Zweiten Weltkrieg.

Leben
Er war der Sohn des Oberleutnants Karl Fischer von Weikersthal (1849–1924) und dessen Ehefrau Sophie, geborene Freiin von Malchus (1858–1941). Fischer trat am 30. Juni 1909 als Fahnenjunker in das Grenadier-Regiment "Königin Olga" (1. Württembergisches) Nr. 119 der Württembergischen Armee ein. Dort wurde er am 25. Februar 1910 zum Fähnrich und am 16. November 1910 zum Leutnant befördert.

Erster Weltkrieg
Mit Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkrieges machte sein Regiment mobil und kam zunächst im Verbund mit der 26. Division (1. Königlich Württembergische) in den Argonnen zum Einsatz. Bis zu einer Verwundung am 6. September 1914 diente Fischer als Adjutant des II. Bataillons. Nach seiner Genesung kehrte er zunächst zum Ersatz-Bataillon seines Regiments zurück. Als Zugführer war er dann ab 10. Dezember 1914 an der Ostfront im Einsatz. Vom 22. Dezember 1914 bis 1. März 1915 fungierte Fischer als Kompanieführer, stieg dann zum Regimentsadjutant auf und wurde am 22. März 1915 zum Oberleutnant befördert. Im Dezember 1915 wurde er mit seinem Regiment wieder an die Westfront verlegt und kämpfte hier u. a. an der Somme und bei Arras. Nach einem kurzzeitigen Einsatz an der Italienfront kehrte Fischer mit dem Regiment im Dezember 1917 wieder in den Westen zurück. Vor der Großen Schlacht in Frankreich wurde Fischer am 11. März 1918 zum Generalstab des XIII. (Königlich Württembergisches) Armee-Korps versetzt und hier am 22. März zum Hauptmann befördert. Aus diesem erfolgte vom 11. Juni bis 18. Oktober 1918 seine Abkommandierung zur 243. (Württembergische) Infanterie-Division, wo er als Bataillonsführer eingesetzt wurde.

Reichswehr
Nach Kriegsende verblieb Fischer zunächst noch beim Generalstab, wurde am 26. Dezember 1918 in sein Stammregiment zurückversetzt, blieb aber bis 25. Juni 1919 zum Stab des XIII. (Königlich Württembergisches) Armee-Korps abkommandiert. Im Übergangsheer fungierte Fischer im Stab des Reichswehr-Schützen-Regiments 25. Im Juli 1919 wechselte Fischer in die Aufklärungs- und Propagandaabteilung des Generalkommandos des XIII. Armee-Korps über. Anschließend von Ende August bis Mitte September 1919 kurzfristig als Offizier z. b. V. im Reichswehrministerium geführt, kam Fischer am 19. September 1919 zur Abwicklungsstelle in das Württembergische Kriegsministerium. Ab 1. Oktober 1919 wurde Fischer im Wehrkreis-Kommando V als Hilfsoffizier eingesetzt, wo er bis Ende Oktober 1920 verblieb. Anschließend begann er eine Generalstabsausbildung, war ab 1. Oktober 1921 für ein Jahr beim Stab der 6. und 5. Division der Reichswehr und wurde anschließend in den Stab nach Stuttgart versetzt. Zum 1. Oktober 1926 folgte dann seine Versetzung als Kompaniechef in das 1. (Preußisches) Infanterie-Regiment, wo er die kommenden drei Jahre verblieb.

Am 1. Oktober 1929 wurde Fischer, unter gleichzeitiger Beförderung zum Major, wieder in den Stab der 5. Division versetzt, wo er bis Juni 1933 als Lehrer bei der Führergehilfenausbildung fungierte. Während dieser Zeit erfolgte am 1. Dezember 1932 seine Beförderung zum Oberstleutnant. Von Juli 1933 bis Mitte Oktober 1935 diente der am 1. November 1934 zum Oberst beförderte Fischer, als Kommandeur des I. Bataillons im 13. (Württembergisches) Infanterie-Regiment und behielt diesen Posten auch nach der Umbenennung des Regiments in Infanterie-Regiment Ludwigsburg bei.

Wehrmacht
Am 15. Oktober 1935 erfolgte seine Ernennung zum Kommandeur des Infanterie-Regiments 9, welches er bis Anfang Oktober 1936 befehligte. Am 6. Oktober 1936 stieg Fischer zum Chef des Generalstabes des V. Armeekorps auf. In dieser Position wurde er am 1. März 1938 zum Generalmajor befördert.

Zweiter Weltkrieg

Am 26. August 1939 wurde Weikersthal im Zuge der Mobilmachung zum Chef des Generalstabes der 7. Armee ernannt, dessen Posten er sodann bis November 1940 innehielt. Am 1. April 1940 war er bereits zum Generalleutnant befördert worden. Im Anschluss hieran war Weikersthal vom 25. November 1940 bis Ende November 1941 Kommandeur der 35. Infanterie-Division. Die Division wurde im Ostfeldzug ab Juni 1941 im Mittelabschnitt der Ostfront eingesetzt und stieß bis Dezember 1941 bis vor Moskau vor. Bereits am 6. August 1941 wurde Weikersthal mit dem Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes ausgezeichnet. Zum 1. Dezember 1941 stieg Weikersthal zum Kommandierenden General des LIII. Armeekorps auf, das er bis 25. Januar 1942 kommandierte. Hier wurde er auch am 1. Januar 1942 zum General der Infanterie befördert. Keilig gibt diese Beförderung allerdings zum 1. Dezember 1941 an. Am 23. März 1942 trat Weikersthal in die Führerreserve ein, um am 25. September 1942 zum Kommandierenden General des LXVII. Reserve-Armeekorps mit Standort in Brüssel ernannt zu werden. Dieses befehligte er anschließend bis Juli 1944, nachdem es im Januar 1944 in LXVII. Armeekorps umbenannt worden war. Die Stellenbesetzung vom 10. Juni 1944 bestätigt diese Aussage. Am 25. Juli 1944 wurde Weikersthal erneut in die Führerreserve versetzt und erst gegen Kriegsende, am 27. März 1945, mit einem neuen Kommando betraut. Hier nahm er die Funktion des Kommandierenden Generals des Höheren Kommandos Oberrhein wahr. Am 8. Mai 1945 geriet er in Kriegsgefangenschaft, aus der Weikersthal 1947 wieder entlassen wurde.

Weikersthal starb 1953 in Stuttgart-Degerloch. Beerdigt ist Fischer von Weikersthal im Familiengrab auf dem Alten Friedhof in Tettnang.

Auszeichnungen
 Eisernes Kreuz (1914) II. und I. Klasse
 Verwundetenabzeichen (1918) in Schwarz
 Bayerischer Militärverdienstorden IV. Klasse
 Ritterkreuz des Württembergischen Militärverdienstordens am 21. Dezember 1914
 Ritterkreuz I. Klasse des Friedrichs-Ordens mit Schwertern
 Österreichisches Militärverdienstkreuz III. Klasse mit der Kriegsdekoration

Literatur
 Dermot Bradley (Hrsg.): Die Generale des Heeres 1921–1945. Die militärischen Werdegänge der Generale, sowie der Ärzte, Veterninäre, Intendanten, Richter und Ministerialbeamten im Generalsrang. Band 3: Dahlmann–Fitzlaff. Biblio-Verlag, Bissendorf 1994, ISBN 3-7648-2443-3, S. 505–506.

Einzelnachweise

Hauptmann (Württemberg)
Oberst (Reichswehr)
General der Infanterie (Heer der Wehrmacht)
Kommandeur eines Infanterie-Regiments (Heer der Wehrmacht)
Kommandeur einer Infanterie-Division (Heer der Wehrmacht)
Kommandierender General des XXXIII. Armeekorps (Heer der Wehrmacht)
Kommandierender General des LIII. Armeekorps (Heer der Wehrmacht)
Kommandierender General des LXVII. Armeekorps (Heer der Wehrmacht)
Person im Ersten Weltkrieg (Deutsches Reich)
Person im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Deutsches Reich)
Träger des Württembergischen Militärverdienstordens (Ritter)
Träger des Friedrichs-Ordens (Ritter I. Klasse)
Träger des Bayerischen Militärverdienstordens (IV. Klasse)
Träger des Österreichischen Militärverdienstkreuzes III. Klasse
Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes
Adliger
Deutscher Kriegsgefangener
Württemberger
Deutscher
Geboren 1890
Gestorben 1953
Mann

Walther Fischer von Weikersthal


بدر السليطين لاعب كرة قدم سعودي ، في مركز لاعب وسط .

مسيرة اللاعب
كان يلعب مع نادي الشباب ولعب بعدها مع نادي الرائد ونادي العدالة ونادي الشعلة.

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سعوديون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى السعودي
لاعبو دوري المحترفين السعودي
لاعبو كرة قدم سعوديون
لاعبو نادي الرائد
لاعبو نادي الشباب (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي الشعلة (السعودية)
لاعبو نادي العدالة (السعودية)
مواليد 1410 هـ
مواليد 1990
مواليد في السعودية

بدر السليطين


Gjemnes er sveitarfélag í Mæri og Raumsdalur í Noregi. Fjöldi íbúa í sveitarfélaginu er 2.669 (2022).

Stjórnsýslumiðstöð sveitarfélagsins er þéttbýlið Batnfjordsøra, sem er eina þéttbýlið í sveitarfélaginu.

Sveitarfélagið liggur að sveitarfélögunum Hustadvika í vestri og Molde í suðri og suðaustri.

Sveitarfélög í Mæri og Raumsdal

Gjemnes (sveitarfélag)


An Eriocaulon fenestratum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Wenceslas Bojer ngan Friedrich August Körnicke. An Eriocaulon fenestratum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eriocaulon, ngan familia nga Eriocaulaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eriocaulon

Eriocaulon fenestratum


The Sino-Soviet border conflict was a seven-month undeclared military conflict between the Soviet Union and China in 1969, following the Sino-Soviet split. The most serious border clash, which brought the world's two largest communist states to the brink of war, occurred near Damansky (Zhenbao) Island on the Ussuri (Wusuli) River in Manchuria. Clashes also took place in Xinjiang.

In 1964, the Chinese revisited the matter of the Sino-Soviet border demarcated in the 19th century, originally imposed upon the Qing dynasty by the Russian Empire by way of unequal treaties. Negotiations broke down amid heightening tensions and both sides began dramatically increasing military presence along the border. Sino-Soviet relations worsened further following the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. Border confrontations escalated in March 1969 when a group of People's Liberation Army troops engaged Soviet border guards on Zhenbao Island in Manchuria, resulting in considerable casualties on both sides. Further clashes occurred in August at Tielieketi in Xinjiang and raised the prospect of an all-out nuclear exchange. The crisis de-escalated after Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin met with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in September, and a ceasefire was ordered with a return to the status quo ante bellum.

In order to counterbalance the Soviet threat, the Chinese government sought a rapprochement with the United States. This resulted in a secret visit to China by Henry Kissinger in 1971, which in turn paved the way for President Richard Nixon's official visit to China in 1972. Sino-Soviet relations remained sour after the conflict despite the re-opening of border negotiations, which continued inconclusively for a decade. Serious talks did not occur until 1991, when an agreement was reached shortly before the fall of the Soviet Union. The border issues were conclusively resolved between China and Russia following a treaty signed in 2003 and an additional agreement in 2008.

Background

History
Under the governorship of Sheng Shicai (1933–1944) in Northwest China's Xinjiang Province, China's Kuomintang recognized for the first time the ethnic category of a Uyghur people by following the Soviet ethnic policy. That ethnogenesis of a "national" people eligible for territorialized autonomy broadly benefited the Soviet Union, which organized conferences in Fergana and Semirechye (in Soviet Central Asia) to cause "revolution" in Altishahr (southern Xinjiang) and Dzungaria (northern Xinjiang).

Both the Soviet Union and the White Movement covertly allied with the Ili National Army to fight the Kuomintang in the Three Districts Revolution. Although the mostly Muslim Uyghur rebels participated in pogroms against Han Chinese generally, the turmoil eventually resulted in the replacement of Kuomintang rule in Xinjiang with that of the Chinese Communist Party.

Soviet historiography, more specifically "Uyghur Studies," was increasingly politicized to match the tension of the Sino-Soviet split of the 1960s and the 1970s. One Soviet Turkologist, Tursun Rakhminov, who worked for the Soviet Communist Party, argued that the modern Uyghurs had founded the ancient Toquz Oghuz Country (744–840), the Kara-Khanid Khanate (840–1212), and so forth. The premodern states' wars against Chinese dynasties were cast as struggles for national liberation by the Uyghur ethnic group. Soviet historiography was not consistent on those issues; when Sino-Soviet relations were warmer, for example, the Three Districts Revolution was portrayed by Soviet historians as part of opposition to the Kuomintang during the Chinese Civil War, not as an anti-Chinese bid for national liberation. The Soviets also encouraged migration of Uyghurs to its territory in Kazakhstan, along the 4,380 km (2,738 mi) border. In May 1962, 60,000 Uyghurs from Xinjiang Province crossed the frontier into the Soviet Union to flee the famine and economic chaos of the Great Leap Forward.

Amid heightening tensions, the Soviet Union and China began border talks. Although the Soviet Union had granted all of the territory of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo to the Chinese Communists in 1945, which decisively assisted them during the Chinese Civil War, the Chinese now indirectly demanded territorial concessions on the basis that the 19th-century treaties transferring ownership of the sparsely-populated Outer Manchuria, concluded by Qing dynasty China and the Russian Empire, were "Unequal Treaties" and amounted to the annexation of rightful Chinese territory. Moscow would not accept that interpretation, but by 1964, both sides had reached a preliminary agreement on the eastern section of the border, including Zhenbao Island, which would be handed over to China.

In July 1964, CCP Chairman Mao Zedong, in a meeting with the Japanese Socialist Party delegation, stated that Russia had unilaterally incorporated vast territories in Siberia and the Far East as far as Kamchatka. He stated that China and Russia still had not resolved this issue. The comments were leaked to the public. Outraged, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev refused to approve the border agreement.

Geography
The border dispute in the west centered on  of Soviet-controlled land in the Pamirs that lay on the border of Xinjiang and the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1892, the Russian Empire and the Qing Dynasty had agreed that the border would consist of the ridge of the Sarikol Range, but the exact border remained contentious throughout the 20th century. In the 1960s, the Chinese began to insist that the Soviet Union evacuate the region.

From around 1900, after the Treaty of Peking (1860) had assigned Outer Manchuria (Primorskiy Kray) to Russia, the eastern part of the Sino-Soviet border had mainly been demarcated by three rivers, the Argun River from the tripartite junction with Mongolia to the north tip of China, running southwest to northeast, then the Amur River to Khabarovsk from northwest to southeast, where it was joined by the Ussuri River running south to north: "The modern method (used for the past 200 years) of demarcating a river boundary between states today is to set the boundary at either the median line (ligne médiane) of the river or around the area most suitable for navigation under what is known as the 'thalweg principle'".

There is nothing in either the 1858 or the 1860 treaty to suggest the border is anywhere other than the thalweg.

China claimed the islands, as they were on the Chinese side of the river if they were demarcated according to international law by using shipping lanes. The Soviets claimed and already effectively controlled almost every island along the rivers.

Russia and subsequently the Soviet Union claimed all the islands in both rivers including those that were Chinese according to the thalweg principle. In the 1991 treaty, Russia largely conceded that these islands were Chinese, but Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, at the confluence of the Amur and the Ussuri Rivers, had become part of the Russian city of Khabarovsk, and China agreed that about two thirds of the island should remain Russian.

Chinese and Soviet governments' views
The Soviets had possessed nuclear weapons for a longer time than the Chinese and so the Chinese adopted an asymmetric deterrence strategy that threatened a large conventional people's war in response to a Soviet counterforce nuclear first strike. Chinese numerical superiority was the basis of its strategy to deter a Soviet nuclear attack. Since 1949, Chinese strategy, as articulated by Mao, emphasized the superiority of "man over weapons". Although weapons were certainly an important component of warfare, Mao argued that they were "not the decisive factor; it is people, not things, that are decisive. The contest of strength is not only a contest of military and economic power, but also a contest of human power and morale." To Mao, "non-material" factors like "creativity, flexibility and high morale" were also "critical determinants in warfare'.

The Soviets were not confident that they could win such a conflict. A large Chinese incursion could threaten strategic centers in Blagoveshchensk, Vladivostok, and Khabarovsk as well as crucial nodes of the Trans-Siberian Railroad. According to Arkady Shevchenko, a high-ranking Soviet defector to the United States, "The Politburo was terrified that the Chinese might make a mass intrusion into Soviet territory". A nightmare vision of invasion by millions of Chinese made the Soviet leaders almost frantic: "Despite our overwhelming superiority in weaponry, it would not be easy for the USSR to cope with an assault of this magnitude". China's "vast population and deep knowledge and experience in guerrilla warfare" would nearly certainly cause the Soviets' launching of an attack on China's nuclear program to end in both states being "mired in an endless war".

Concerns about Chinese manpower and its people's war strategy ran so deep that some bureaucrats in Moscow argued that the only way to defend against a massive conventional onslaught was to use nuclear weapons. Some even advocated deploying nuclear mines along the Sino-Soviet border. By threatening to initiate a prolonged conventional conflict in retaliation for a nuclear strike, Beijing used an asymmetric deterrence strategy that was intended to convince Moscow that the costs of an attack would outweigh the benefits.

China had found its strategic rationale. While most Soviet military specialists did not fear a Chinese nuclear reprisal and believed that China's arsenal was too small, rudimentary, and vulnerable to survive a first strike and to carry out a retaliatory attack, China's massive conventional army caused great concern.

Nikolai Ogarkov, a senior Soviet military officer, believed that a massive nuclear attack "would inevitably mean world war." Even a limited counterforce strike on China's nuclear facilities was dangerous, Ogarkov argued, because a few nuclear weapons would "hardly annihilate" a country the size of China, which, in response, would "fight unrelentingly".

Eastern border: Heilongjiang (1969)
The Soviet Border Service started to report an intensifying Chinese military activity in the region in the early 1960s. Tensions at first built slowly, but the Cultural Revolution made them rise much faster. The number of troops on both sides of the Sino-Soviet border increased dramatically after 1964. Militarily, in 1961, the Soviets had 225,000 men and 200 aircraft at the border. In 1968, there were 375,000 men, 1,200 aircraft and 120 medium-range missiles. China had 1.5 million men stationed at the border and had tested its first nuclear weapon (the 596 Test in October 1964, at Lop Nur basin). Both sides' political rhetoric was increasingly hostile.

The key moment in escalating Sino-Soviet tensions was the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia on 20–21 August 1968 and the proclamation of the Brezhnev Doctrine that the Soviets had the right to overthrow any communist government that was diverging from what was defined by the Kremlin. Mao saw the Brezhnev Doctrine as the ideological justification for a Soviet invasion of China to overthrow him and launched a massive propaganda campaign attacking the invasion of Czechoslovakia, although he had condemned the Prague Spring as "revisionism". On 21 August 1968, the Romanian leader, Nicolae Ceaușescu, gave a speech in Revolution Square in Bucharest that denounced the invasion of Czechoslovakia. It was widely seen both in Romania and abroad as virtual declaration of independence from the Soviet Union. Romania began to move away from the Soviet sphere of influence, towards the Chinese sphere of influence.

Speaking at a banquet held at the Romanian embassy in Beijing on 23 August 1968, Zhou Enlai denounced the Soviet Union for "fascist politics, great power chauvinism, national egoism and social imperialism." He went on to compare the invasion of Czechoslovakia to the Americans in the Vietnam War and more pointedly to the policies of Adolf Hitler towards Czechoslovakia in 1938 to 1939. Zhou ended his speech with a barely veiled call for the people of Czechoslovakia to wage guerrilla war against the Red Army.

The Chinese historian Li Danhui wrote, "Already in 1968, China began preparations to create a small war on the border." She noted that prior to March 1969, the Chinese troops had twice attempted to provoke a clash along the border, "but the Soviets, feeling weak, did not accept the Chinese challenge and retreated." Another Chinese historian, Yang Kuisong, wrote, "There were already significant preparations in 1968, but the Russians did not come, so the planned ambush was not successful."

Battle of Zhenbao (Damansky) Island

On 2 March 1969, a group of People's Liberation Army troops ambushed Soviet border guards on Zhenbao Island. According to Chinese sources, the Soviets suffered 58 dead and wounded. The Chinese losses were reported as 29 dead. According to Soviet sources, at least 248 Chinese troops were killed on the island and on the frozen river, and 32 Soviet border guards were killed, with 14 wounded.

Both sides have since blamed the other for the start of the conflict. However, a scholarly consensus has emerged that the border crisis had been a premeditated act of aggression orchestrated by the Chinese side. The American scholar Lyle J. Goldstein noted that Russian documents released since the glasnost era paint an unflattering picture of the Red Army command in the Far East with senior generals surprised by the outbreak of the fighting and of Red Army units haphazardly committed to action in a piecemeal style, but all of the documents speak of the Chinese as the aggressors. Most Chinese historians agree that on 2 March 1969, Chinese forces planned and executed an ambush, which took the Soviets completely by surprise. The reasons for the Chinese leadership to opt for such an offensive measure against the Soviets remains a disputed question.

According to Robinson, who based his analysis mostly on Soviet sources due to the lack of factual reports from the Chinese at the time of writing, on March 2 around 11:00 Chinese forces ambushed an unsuspecting Soviet border patrol on the island and inflicted heavy losses on the patrol. Shortly, Soviet reinforcements arrived from the nearby outpost and allegedly pinned the Chinese down, surrounded them for a time and then forced the remaining Chinese to retreat to their side of the bank. The entire battle lasted about 2 hours. Both sides claimed victory, however, neither force remained permanently on the island after the battle was over, although the Soviets periodically moved off and on at will.

Robinson wrote that it is not clear who began a battle of March 15. Both sides claimed that the other side attacked their early-morning patrol. The battle started around 9:45 or 10:00 with artillery fire from the Chinese bank. Initially an outnumbering Chinese force managed to make Soviets to either leave the island entirely or withdraw to its eastern extremity. A consequent counterattack by Russian tanks and mechanized infantry supported by three waves of intense artillery fire at 13:00 apparently broke the Chinese positions on the island and the Chinese retreated to their own bank. The battle was over at 19:00. Soviets didn't follow up the Chinese retreat with large-scale garrisoning of the island, although they continued intense patrolling.

There is an alternative interpretation of the events. The Cultural Revolution increased tensions between China and the Soviets, which led to brawls between border patrols. On 27 December 1968, several Soviet armored vehicles landed on Zhenbao Island, and Soviet soldiers used sticks to beat Chinese soldiers. On 23 January 1969, another violent conflict occurred on the island, and 28 Chinese soldiers were reportedly wounded. From 6 to 25 February 1969, five more similar incidents occurred, and shooting broke out in March 1969. According to the Chinese version of events, at 8:40 a.m. on the 2 March 1969, 30 Chinese border patrol personnel split into two groups approached the island and were met by about 70 Soviet soldiers along with one truck and reinforced with two armoured vehicles attempting to encircle the Chinese patrol. The Chinese claim the Soviets had opened fire at 9:17. The Soviets responded with tanks, armoured personnel carriers (APCs), and artillery bombardment. Over three days, the PLA successfully halted Soviet penetration and eventually evicted all Soviet troops from Zhenbao Island. During the skirmish, the Chinese deployed two reinforced infantry platoons with artillery support. Chinese sources state the Soviets deployed some 60 soldiers and six BTR-60 amphibious APCs, and in a second attack, some 100 troops backed up by 10 tanks and 14 APCs including artillery. The PLA had prepared for that confrontation for two to three months.

From among the units, the Chinese selected 900 soldiers commanded by army staff members with combat experience. They were provided with special training and special equipment and were secretly dispatched to take position on Zhenbao Island in advance. Chinese General Chen Xilian stated the Chinese had won a clear victory on the battlefield.

On March 15, initial Soviet attacks were repulsed after suffering heavy losses. The Soviet border troops did not fight again, a battalion under Lieutenant Colonel Smirnov from the 135th Motorized Infantry Division went on the attack. The battalion, which came under heavy machine gun fire from the enemy, sustained heavy losses and withdrew from the island. By the end of March 15 Soviet General Oleg Losik ordered to deploy then-secret BM-21 "Grad" multiple rocket launchers. The Soviets fired 10,000 artillery rounds in a nine-hour engagement with the Chinese along with 36 sorties.
Soviet officials believed the attack was devastating for the Chinese troops and materials, which could not be verified by Chinese sources. The Chinese troops left their positions on the island, and the Soviets withdrew to their positions on the Russian bank of the Ussuri River. Vladimir Gorodinsky claims that the main group of Chinese troops near the island did not suffer any significant losses as a result of the usage of BM-21 due to a mistake in the calculation by the Headquarters of the Rocket Forces. He claims that after 9 pm, the Chinese began firing heavy mortars not only at the island but at the Soviet territory as well and Major V.Nesov, commander of the 135th Motorized Infantry Division, was forced to order the division and frontier guards to retreat 4-5 kilometers inland to avoid casualties. Maxwell notes that much of academic writing about the Zhenbao incident still argues that it resulted from an unprovoked aggressive action by China and that the USSR was unquestionably the victor.

On 16 March 1969, the Soviets entered the island to collect their dead, with the Chinese holding their fire. On 17 March 1969, the Soviets tried to recover a disabled T-62 tank from the island, but their effort was repelled by Chinese artillery.

On 21 March, the Soviets sent a demolition team in an attempt to destroy the tank. The Chinese opened fire and thwarted the Soviet attempt. With the help of divers from the Chinese navy, the PLA pulled the T-62 tank onshore. The tank was later given to the Chinese Military Museum.

Until 1991, the island remained contested. According to Chinese sources, the Chinese had built barracks and conducted constant presence on the island since Aug 1969. Ryabushkin claims that the Soviet border guards had continued to thwart all Chinese attempts to land on it until September 10 when they were ordered to cease fire, effectively surrendering the island, in preparation for the Kosygin-Zhou talks that happened on September 11.

Soviet combat heroes

Five Soviet soldiers were awarded the top honour of Hero of the Soviet Union for bravery and valor during the Damansky conflict. Colonel Demokrat Leonov led the group of four T-62 tanks in a counterattack on 15 March and was killed by a Chinese sniper when he was leaving a destroyed vehicle.

Senior Lieutenant Vitaly Bubenin led a relief mission of 23 soldiers from the nearby border guard's outpost and conducted a BTR-60 raid into the Chinese rear that allegedly left 248 attackers dead. Junior Sergeant Yuri Babansky assumed command in a battle on 2 March, when the enemy had a 10-1 superiority, and when Senior Lieutenant Strelnikov was killed. Babansky later led combat search-and-rescue teams, which retrieved the bodies of Strelnikov and Leonov. Junior Sergeant Vladimir Orekhov took part in the 15 March battle. As a machine gunner, he was part of the first attacking line against the Chinese forces encamped on the island. He destroyed the enemy machine gun nest and was wounded twice, but he continued to fight until he died of his wounds. High military orders of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Red Star and Glory were awarded to 54 soldiers and officers, and the medals "For Courage" and "For Battle Merit" to 94 border guards and servicemen.

Diplomacy
On 17 March 1969, an emergency meeting of the Warsaw Pact was called in Budapest by Brezhnev with the aim of condemning China. Romania's Nicolae Ceaușescu refused, despite considerable Soviet pressure, to sign the statement condemning China. Ceaușescu's intransigence led to no statement being issued, which was widely seen as a Soviet diplomatic defeat. The next day, a meeting of the delegations representing 66 communist parties in Moscow discussed the preparations for a world summit in Moscow on 5 June 1969. A Soviet motion to condemn China failed, with the delegations representing the communist parties of Romania, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and Austria all supporting the Chinese position that it was the Soviet Union that had attacked China, rather than vice versa.

On 21 March 1969, Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin tried to phone Mao with the aim of discussing a ceasefire. The Chinese operator who took Kosygin's call called him a "revisionist element" and hung up. Zhou, who wanted to take up Kosygin's ceasefire offer, was shocked by what he regarded as Mao's recklessness: "The two countries are at war, one cannot chop the messenger." Diplomats from the Soviet embassy in Beijing spent much of 22 March in vain trying to get hold of Mao's private phone number so that Kosygin could call him to discuss peace. On 22 March 1969, Mao had a meeting with the four marshals who commanded the Chinese troops in the border regions with the Soviet Union to begin preparations for a possible all-out war. Zhou repeatedly urged Mao to discuss a ceasefire but agreed with Mao's refusal to take phone calls from Kosygin. In an effort to placate Zhou, Mao told him, "Immediately prepare to hold diplomatic negotiations."

Between 1 and 24 April 1969, the 9th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party took place, and Mao officially proclaimed the end of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, which he had begun in May 1966. Despite the official end of the Cultural Revolution, the Congress elected to key positions followers of the ultraleftist factions associated with Mao's powerful wife, Jiang Qing, and Defense Minister Lin Biao. Both Jiang and Lin favored a hard line towards the Soviet Union.

Meanwhile, Mao had ordered preparations for a "defense in depth" along the border because real fears had arisen of the border crisis escalating into all-out war. On 1 May 1969, in a bid to repair China's image abroad, which had been badly damaged by the Cultural Revolution, Mao invited diplomats from several Third World nations to attend the May Day celebrations in Beijing. To the assembled diplomats, Mao formally apologized for the attacks by the Red Guards on diplomats in China and the smashing up of the embassies in Beijing in 1967. Mao claimed not to be aware of the fact that the Red Guard had been beating up and sometimes killing foreigners living in China during the Cultural Revolution. Also, Mao announced that for the first time since the Cultural Revolution, he would send out ambassadors to represent China abroad (most Chinese ambassadors had been recalled and executed during the Cultural Revolution with no replacements having been sent). By then, Mao had felt that China's isolation caused by the Cultural Revolution had become a problem since China was now on the brink of a war with the Soviet Union.

On 5 May 1969, Kosygin traveled to India, which was strongly against China, to discuss with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi the possibility of a Soviet-Indian alliance against China. Between 14 and 19 May 1969, Nikolai Podgorny visited North Korea to try to pull Kim Il Sung away from the Chinese orbit. Kim declined to move away from China, and in a show of support for Mao, North Korea sent no delegation to the world conference of communist parties that was held in Moscow in June 1969.

On 17 June 1969, US Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield, who had long been an advocate of normalizing American relations with China, wrote a letter, in consultation with the White House, that urged Mao to allow him to visit China and to meet with Mao to discuss measures to improve Sino-American relations. The letter was sent to King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia with the request to pass it on to Mao, and by 26 July 1969, Mansfield's letter had arrived in Beijing. The Chinese reply was harsh, with Zhou giving a speech accusing the US of "aggression" in Vietnam and of "occupation" of Taiwan, which Zhou asserted was rightfully a part of China. On 1 August 1969, US President Richard Nixon visited Pakistan, a close ally of China since both were anti-Indian, to ask General Yahya Khan to pass a message to Mao that he wanted to normalize relations with China, especially due to the crisis with the Soviet Union.

On 2–3 August 1969, Nixon visited Romania to meet with Ceaușescu and ask him to pass along the same message to Mao. Ceaușescu agreed to do so, and on 7 September 1969, Romanian Prime Minister Ion Gheorghe Maurer, who was in Hanoi to attend the funeral of Ho Chi Minh, took Zhou aside to tell him that Nixon wanted an opening to China.

Western border: Xinjiang (1969)

Further border clashes occurred in August 1969, which is now along the western section of the Sino-Soviet border in Xinjiang. After the Tasiti and the Bacha Dao Incidents, the Tielieketi Incident finally broke out, with Chinese troops suffering 28 losses. The heightened tensions raised the prospect of an all-out nuclear exchange between China and the Soviet Union.

Ho Chi Minh's funeral
The decisive event that stopped the crisis from escalating into all-out war was the death of Ho Chi Minh on 2 September 1969. His funeral was attended by both Zhou and Kosygin, albeit at different times. Zhou flew out of Hanoi to avoid being in the same room as Kosygin. The possibility of North Vietnam's leading supporters going to war with each other alarmed the North Vietnamese. During the funeral, messages were exchanged between the Soviets and the Chinese via the North Vietnamese. Meanwhile, Nixon's message via Maurer had reached the Chinese, and it was decided in Beijing to "whet the appetite of the Americans" by making China appear stronger.

Zhou argued that a war with the Soviets would weaken China's hand towards the United States. The Chinese were more interested in the possibility of a rapprochement with the United States as a way of acquiring Taiwan than in having the United States ally with them against the Soviet Union. After Kosygin had attended Ho's funeral, the airplane taking him back to Moscow was denied permission to use Chinese air space, which forced it to land for refuelling in Calcutta. In India, Kosygin received the message via the Indian government that the Chinese were willing to discuss peace, which caused him to fly back to Beijing instead.

Assessment

State of near war
In the early 1960s, the United States had "probed" the level of Soviet interest in joint action against Chinese nuclear weapons facilities; the Soviets were only willing to persuade China to sign the Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963. Now the Soviets probed what the US reaction would be if the Soviets attacked the facilities. Whether this was part of an attempt to intimidate China, a real Soviet contingency plan, or both is unclear, but the Soviets approached other foreign governments, and the leadership of Communist parties in several countries; the intention was likely to have them communicate the Soviet nuclear threat to China. Noting that "neither side wishes the inflamed border situation to get out of hand," the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in August 1969 described the conflict as having "explosive potential" in the President's Daily Briefing. The agency stated that "the potential for a war between them clearly exists," including a Soviet attack on Chinese nuclear facilities, and China "appears to view the USSR as its most immediate enemy." Allen S. Whiting suggested that the Soviets might feel forced to use tactical nuclear weapons against Chinese human wave attacks after a strike on nuclear facilities.

The Chinese did not believe that a Soviet nuclear attack was likely until 27 August, when CIA director Richard Helms announced that the Soviets had asked foreign governments what their reaction would be to a preemptive attack on China. Although Helms did not include the Soviet probe to the US in the announcement, to China the announcement meant that the US took the Soviet probes seriously, so the threat of an imminent Soviet attack must be real. As war fever gripped China, Moscow and Beijing took steps to lower the danger of a large-scale conflict. On 11 September 1969, Kosygin, on his way back from the funeral of Ho Chi Minh, stopped over in Beijing for talks with his Chinese counterpart, Zhou Enlai. Symbolic of the frosty relations between the two communist countries, the talks were held at Beijing Airport. Both agreed to return ambassadors who had been recalled and to begin border negotiations. On 23 and 29 September 1969, China conducted two unannounced nuclear weapons tests, with the second one a 3 MT thermonuclear device, to verify its nuclear strike capacity.

Possible reasons for attack
The interpretation of the reasoning and consequences of the conflict differs. Western historians believe that the events at Zhenbao Island and the subsequent border clashes in Xinjiang were caused mainly by Mao's use of Chinese local military superiority to satisfy domestic political imperatives in 1969. Yang Kuisong concludes that "the [Sino-Soviet] military clashes were primarily the result of Mao Zedong's domestic mobilization strategies, connected to his worries about the development of the Cultural Revolution."

Russian historians point out that the consequences of the conflict stem directly from a Chinese desire to take a leading role in the world and to strengthen ties with the United States. According to the 2004 Russian documentary film, Damansky Island Year 1969, Mao sought to elevate his country from the world's periphery and to place it at the centre of world politics. Other analysts state that the Chinese intended their attack on Zhenbao to deter future Soviet invasions by demonstrating that China could not be "bullied."

Result

Most scholars and analysts describe this conflict to have resulted in a Soviet victory, because the conflict was not over what a final border deal between the USSR and China would look like. Instead, it concerned whether they would hold talks over the border at all. The outcome favored the USSR as China unwillingly submitted to negotiations over the border. The conflict ended on 20 October 1969 after the Chinese agreed with regards to negotiations over the border.

Aftermath
Seen against the background of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks between Brezhnev and Nixon, the Damansky incident could serve the double purpose of undermining the Soviet image of a peace-loving country if the Soviets chose to respond by a massive military operation against the invaders. If they demonstrated Soviet weakness, the Chinese attack could have been left without response. The killing of Soviet servicemen on the border signaled to the US that China had graduated into high politics and was ready to talk.

After the conflict, the US showed interest in strengthening ties with the Chinese government by secretly sending Henry Kissinger to China for a meeting with Zhou in 1971, during the so-called Ping Pong Diplomacy. That paved the way for Nixon to visit China and meet with Mao in 1972.

Sino-Soviet relations remained sour after the conflict, despite the border talks, which began in 1969 and continued inconclusively for a decade. Domestically, the threat of war caused by the border clashes inaugurated a new stage in the Cultural Revolution: China's thorough militarization. The 9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, held in the aftermath of the Zhenbao incident, confirmed Defense Minister Lin Biao as Mao's heir apparent. Following the events of 1969, the Soviets further increased their forces along the Sino-Soviet border and in the Mongolian People's Republic.

Overall, the Sino-Soviet confrontation, which reached its peak in 1969, paved the way to a profound transformation in the international political system.

Border negotiations: 1990s–2000s

Serious border demarcation negotiations did not occur until shortly before the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. In particular, both sides agreed that Zhenbao belonged to China. (Both sides claimed the island to be under their control at the time of the agreement.) On 17 October 1995, an agreement over the last  stretch of the border was reached, but the question of control over three islands in the Amur and Argun rivers was left to be settled later.

In a border agreement between Russia and China signed on 14 October 2003, the final dispute was resolved. China was granted control over Tarabarov Island (Yinlong Island), Zhenbao Island, and around 50% of Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island (Heixiazi Island), near Khabarovsk. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress ratified the agreement for China on 27 April 2005, and the Russian Duma followed suit on 20 May. On 2 June, foreign Minister of China, Li Zhaoxing and his Russian counterpart, Sergei Lavrov, exchanged the ratification documents from their respective governments.

On 21 July 2008, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi and his Russian counterpart, Lavrov, signed an additional Sino-Russian Border Line Agreement, marking the acceptance of the demarcation of the eastern portion of the Chinese-Russian border in Beijing, China. An additional protocol with a map affiliated on the eastern part of the borders both countries share was signed. The agreement also includes the Chinese gain of ownership of Yinlong / Tarabarov Island and half of Heixiazi / Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island.

In the 21st century, the Chinese Communist Party's version of the conflict, which is present on many official Party websites, describes the events of March 1969 as a Soviet aggression against China.

In popular culture
 The map-based war game "The East is Red: the Sino-Soviet War" (based on a hypothetical war using publicly known orders of battle on either side) was published with an accompanying article in issue No. 42 of Strategy and Tactics magazine by Simulations Publications, Inc. in 1974.
 Wargame: Red Dragon features a hypothetical war between both powers based on the border conflict.
 Graviteam Tactics: Operation Star features a general depiction of the combat in its DLC Zhalanaskol 1969.
 The 1971 post-apocalyptic film The Omega Man is set in a world following a border conflict that involves both powers using biological warfare, which cause a pandemic.
 Andrei Tarkovsky's film, Mirror (1975), includes actual footage of unrest from the Sino-Soviet border conflict setting.
 The 2006 zombie apocalypse novel World War Z features a Chinese doctor who served as a combat medic during the Sino-Soviet border conflict serving as a key narrator, being the first responder to patient zero of the zombie plague in a rural Chinese village.
 The fourth season of the streaming series Stranger Things, references Damansky. The character Yuri fought and defeated the Chinese at the island.

See also
 History of the Soviet Union (1964–1982)
 History of the People's Republic of China
 Foreign relations of China
 Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
 Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang (1937)
 Battle of Baitag Bogd
 Soviet–Japanese border conflicts

References

Sources

Further reading
 Olgin, Vladimir. On the Soviet-Chinese Border: Questions and Answers. Novosti Press Agency Publishing House, 1978.
Ryabushkin and Orenstein, The Sino-Soviet Border War of 1969 Volume 2: Confrontation at Lake Zhalanashkol August 1969, Helion & Co., 2021.

External links

Damansky Island Incident Part 1 (English Subtitles) YouTube
Map showing some of the disputed areas
Sino-Soviet Border Conflict, 1969
How Comrade Mao was perceived in the Soviet Union
The Sino-Soviet Border Conflict: Deterrence, Escalation, and the Threat of Nuclear War in 1969
New Documents on the Sino-Soviet Ussuri Border Clashes of 1969

Conflicts in 1969
1969 in China
1969 in the Soviet Union
China–Soviet Union relations
Cold War military history of the Soviet Union
Cold War military history of China
Military history of Manchuria
History of the Russian Far East
Wars involving the People's Republic of China
Wars involving the Soviet Union
Territorial disputes of China
Territorial disputes of the Soviet Union
China–Soviet Union border
China–Russia border
Xinjiang Wars
War scare

Sino-Soviet border conflict


Satara (în marathi:  ) este un oraș în statul indian Maharashtra.

Din 1699 până în 1700 aici a fost scena luptei din Satara.

La recensământul din 2011 populația orașului era de 120.000 de locuitori. Satara a fost în secolul al XVII-lea capitala statului Maharashtra.

Note

Lectură suplimentară
 Paul H. von Tucher: Naționalismul: Cazul și criza în misiuni - misiuni britanice în India Britanică 1939-1946. Disertație. Selbstverlag, Erlangen 1980. http://gaebler.info/politik/tucher-14.htm , http://gaebler.info/politik/aa.htm#2-2, http://gaebler.info/politik/tucher .htm și http://www.gaebler.info/india/satara.htm în Satara 1940-1946.
 Wilhelm Filchner : Viața unui cercetător (Capitolul XXIII). (Wilhelm Filchner a fost internat din septembrie 1941 până în noiembrie 1946 în Tabăra Parolei din Satara. Mai târziu a locuit în Poona din Maharashtra, India)
 BA Gupte: Selecții din evidențele istorice ale ministrului ereditar al Baroda. Constă din guvernele Bombay, Baroda, Poona și Satara. Calcutta 1922, .
 SC Malik: Industrii din epoca de piatră din cartierele Bombay & Satara. Universitatea M. Sayajirao, Baroda 1959, .
 Irawati Karve, Jayant Sadashiv Randadiv: Dinamica socială a unui oraș în creștere și a zonei sale înconjurătoare. Deccan College, Poona 1965, .
 TN Valunjkar: Organizația socială, migrația și schimbarea într-o comunitate a satelor. Deccan College, Poona 1966, .

Legături externe

Satara (oraș)


سلطنة الواحدي في حبان هي إحدى الولايات في السلطنة الواحدية العاصمة الأولى للسلطنة . آخر حكامها حسين بن عبد الله الواحدي وهي الجزء الغربي من أرض حضرموت حيث ألغيت السلطنة عام 1967 عند تأسيس جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية التي هي الآن جزء من الجمهورية اليمنية.

مراجع

تأسيسات القرن 19 في اليمن
تاريخ اليمن الجنوبي
دول في محمية عدن
دول وأقاليم انحلت في 1967
دول يمنية بعد الإسلام

سلطنة الواحدي في حبان


Pedro González López, poznatiji kao Pedri, (Tegueste, 25. studenog 2002.) španjolski je nogometaš koji igra na poziciji centralnog veznog. Trenutačno igra za Barcelonu.

Klupska karijera

Las Palmas
Godine 2018. prešao je iz CF Juventud Lagune u UD Las Palmas. Kao šesnaestogodišnjak, debitirao je za klub 18. kolovoza 2019. u utakmici Segunda Divisióna u kojoj je Huesca porazila njegov klub 0:1. Dana 19. rujna postigao je svoj prvi gol za klub koji je ujedno bio i jedini gol na utakmici protiv Sporting Gijóna. Tada je imao 16 godina, 9 mjeseci i 23 dana te je tim golom postao najmlađi strijelac u klupskoj povijesti.

Barcelona
Dana 2. rujna 2019. Barcelona se dogovorila s Las Palmasom oko transfera Pedrija u Barcelonu koji će se dogoditi 1. srpnja naredne godine za početni iznos od 5 milijuna eura. Za Barcelonu je debitirao 27. rujna 2020. zamijenivši Philippea Coutinha u utakmici La Lige protiv Villarreala koju je Barcelona dobila 4:0. Na utakmici UEFA Lige prvaka 2020./21. u kojoj je njegov klub 20. listopada pobijedio Ferencváros s visokih 5:1, Pedri je ostvario svoj debitantski nastup u UEFA Ligi prvaka te prvi gol za klub. Dana 7. studenog postigao je svoj prvi gol u La Ligi i to u utakmici u kojoj je Barcelona pobijedila Real Betis 5:2. S Barcelonom je 17 travnja pobijedio Athletic Bilbao 4:0 u finalu Copa del Reya. Dana 8. svibnja, star 18 godina i 164 dana, Pedri je ostvario svoj 50. nastup za klub u svim natjecanjima te je time postao drugi najmlađi igrač kojem je to uspjelo, nakon Bojana Krkića koji je u vrijeme postavljanja rekorda imao 18 godina i 3 dana.

Reprezentativna karijera
Tijekom svoje omladinske karijere igrao je za selekcije Španjolske do 17, 18, 19 i 21 godine.

Za A selekciju Španjolske debitirao je 25. ožujka 2021. protiv Grčke (1:1). Nastupom protiv Švedske (0:0) 14. lipnja na utakmici odgođenog Europskog prvenstva 2020., oborio je rekord za najmlađeg nogometaša Španjolske s nastupom na Europskom prvenstvu. Taj je rekord prije njega postavio Miguel Tendillo na Europskom prvenstvu 1980.

Priznanja

Individualna
 Idealnih 11 UEFA Lige prvaka: 2020.

Klupska
Barcelona
 Copa del Rey: 2020./21.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Profil, BDFutbol

Španjolski nogometaši
Nogometaši Las Palmasa
Nogometaši Barcelone
Aktivni nogometaši

Pedri


Mediático es un adjetivo que generalmente se refiere a lo perteneciente o relativo a los medios de comunicación. En esta enciclopedia puede hacer referencia, además, a:

 El circo mediático, metáfora coloquial que describe un evento noticioso para el cual el nivel de cobertura de los medios es considerado excesivo o desproporcionado en relación con el evento que se cubre.
 La cobertura mediática, cantidad de espacio que los medios de comunicación dedican a un tema.
 Un conglomerado mediático (o grupo de comunicación), conglomerado empresarial que posee entre su grupo de empresas varios medios de comunicación, especialmente cuando se diversifica en medios escritos.
 La educación mediática, modo de enseñar y aprender sobre los medios de comunicación.
 El sesgo mediático, sesgo percibido de periodistas y productores de noticias.
 Un suceso mediático, hecho que recibe atención extraordinaria de los medios de comunicación.

Enlaces externos

Mediático


An Poa litorosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Thomas Frederic Cheeseman. An Poa litorosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Poa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Poa

Poa litorosa


Imotska bekija je naziv za onaj dio Imotske krajine koji je Mletačkoj Republici – Veneciji pripao oslobađanjem cijele Krajine od Turaka 2. kolovoza 1717., a potom i pravno nakon sklapanja mira u Požarevcu 21. srpnja 1718. Međutim, nakon razgraničenja obavljenog 8. lipnja 1721. se prijevarom Osmanlija ponovno, otrgnut od matičnog Imotskog, našao u rukama Osmanskog carstva. Taj otrgnuti, istočni dio Imotske krajine, dobio je ime Imotska bekija (tur. - arap. baquiya = ostatak, preostatak od nečega, teritorij odvojen od matičnog grada).

Čine ju cijela područja današnjih općina Posušje i Grude, velik dio općine Tomislavgrad, dio današnje općine Široki Brijeg (do mjesta Visoka Glavica i Ljubotići) te djelić općine Ljubuški (mjesto Klobuk).

Imotska bekija do 18. stoljeća
Imotska bekija je već od doseljenja Hrvata pripadala Imotskom, odnosno Imotskoj krajini.

Imotska krajina se kao starohrvatska županija (Imota) spominje u djelu ''De administrando imperio'', bizantskog cara Konstantina VII. Porfirogeneta, nastalom oko 950. godine. Obuhvaćala je područje između planina Biokova i Čvrsnice, tj. pripadao joj je i cijeli teritorij koji danas nazivamo Imotskom bekijom.

Nakon što je dobar dio Dalmacije, sve do Cetine, ugarsko-hrvatski kralj Ladislav Napuljski za 100 000 dukata prodao 9. srpnja 1409. Mlečanima, hrvatski teritorij od Cetine do Neretve, zajedno s Imotskim, postao je dio bosanske države.

Dana 1. lipnja 1454. sama Imotska krajina postaje dio zemlje hercega Stjepana Kosače – Hercegovina, no 1493. pada pod tursku vlast.

Oslobođenje Imotske krajine
Godine 1714. započeo je osloboditeljski rat na području Dalmacije, Drugi morejski rat, u kojem su Mlečani od Turaka nastojali osvojiti što više teritorija. Mletačko-turska nadmetanja su i sami stanovnici Imotske krajine vidjeli kao priliku da se odcijepe od Osmanskog Carstva te pripadnu Veneciji. Stanovništvu je važnija bila vjerska, nego geopolitička komponenta, jer se katolike Osmanskog Carstva najlošije tretiralo od sveg stanovništva.

Na blagdan Gospe od Anđela, 2. kolovoza 1717., Venecija je uz poseban doprinos stanovnika Imotske i Sinjske krajine uspjela protjerati Turke te je cijela Imotska krajina (zajedno s Bekijom) oslobođena i stavljena pod vlast Mletačke Republike. Na imotsku tvrđavu je postavljena zastava Venecije, a istog dana je gvardijan imotskog samostana fra Stipan Vrljić, rodom iz grudskih Sovića, služio svetu Misu. Žitelji cijele Krajine tog su dana hitili u Imotski na povijesni dan kako bi proslavili oslobođenje od dvostoljetne turske vlasti.

Hrvatsko-mletačke pobjede su potvrđene mirom u Požarevcu tek godinu dana kasnije, 21. srpnja 1718. Tada je konačno potvrđeno da će Mletačkoj Republici pripasti cijela Imotska krajina koja je dotad više od 200 godina bila u rukama Osmanskog Carstva. Time je dakle, Veneciji trebalo pripasti cijelo područje današnje Imotske krajine, ali i područje današnje Bekije kao njezin nerazdruživi dio.

Turska prijevara i pripajanje
Na sastancima i pregovorima u Požarevcu, kojih je bilo više (održavani su od 5. lipnja do 21. srpnja 1718.), sudjelovali su i predstavnici posredničkih država. Nakon konačne nagodbe, mletačko-tursko razgraničenje je išlo jako sporo. Tek se 23. listopada 1719. godine u Sutorini sastalo mletačko i tursko vijeće za razgraničenje. Tursku stranu je zastupao Mehmed-efendija Šaba, a mletačku generalni providur Alvise Mocenigo. Konačni dokument o razgraničenju potpisan je 8. lipnja 1721. godine. Potom je na zemljovidu koji su izradili mletački kartografi nacrtana granica Imotske krajine (Mletačka Republika) prema Bosanskom ejaletu (Osmansko Carstvo) – onakva kakva je uspostavljena razgraničenjem i dogovorom u Požarevcu 1718.

Pri razgraničenju se, međutim, zbila velika prijevara. Mletački geodet Cavrović, podmićen turskim zlatom, s 200 000 dukata, iskrivio je granicu u tursku korist, odnosno na štetu vlastite države, otrgnuvši veći, jugoistočni dio Imotskog polja – cijelu današnju Imotsku bekiju – te ju u svim dokumentima upisao kao dio bosanskog ejaleta.

Tada je oko grada Imotskog načinjen polukrug promjera 5 kilometara. Stvoren je tako što je od imotske Topane otpješačen jedan sat u svim smjerovima (što je jednako otprilike 5 kilometara) i na tim točkama je geodet Cavrović, nagovoren od Turaka, postavio među.

Odmah nakon razgraničenja i prijevare 1721., kako bi zavarali stanovništvo istočno od Imotskog, Turci su stvorili priču da je granica u dogovoru s Mletcima bila ponovno definirana. Prema toj priči, granica je povučena na udaljenosti koja je odgovarala dometu topa s imotske tvrđave, tj. odlučeno je da se ispaljuju topovi s tvrđave i dokle dobace, bit će postavljena granica. Time je stvoren polukrug, kojemu je promjer 5 kilometara (udaljenost od Topane do granice). Međutim, u to vrijeme nije ni postojao takav top kojemu bi domet bio 5 kilometara, a također, Mlečani su već nakon osvajanja Imotske krajine protjerali sve age i begove, te su već 11. kolovoza 1717. započeli vjerski preustroj te imenovali nove župnike, franjevce, za Goricu, Vinjane, Drinovce i Roško Polje. Takvo što se ne bi niti dogodilo da Mlečani cijelu Imotsku krajinu nisu smatrali svojom stečevinom.

Tako je jedinstveno Imotsko polje podijeljeno na sjeverozapadni dio koji je ostao u sastavu Mletačke Dalmacije, a prostire na površini od 46 km2, dok dio koji je pripao bosanskom ejaletu ima površinu od 49 km2.

Sve se to odradilo protivno dokumentima i zemljovidima koji su rađeni od 1717. do 1721. godine, te protivno miru u Požarevcu (1718.).

Ta neprirodna i umjetno povučena granica postala je velika smetnja narodu koji je ostao na teritorijima pripojenim bosanskom ejaletu jer su težili povratku svom trgovačkom, kulturnom, prosvjetnom i crkvenom središtu – Imotskom. Sâmo je stanovništvo tražilo od Mletačke Republike da intervenira te da vrati pod svoje ono što im je prijevarom uzeto, no, zbog drugih ratnih zbivanja, to se nije dogodilo.

Međutim, grad Imotski i imotski samostan i dalje su ostali mjesto gdje su stanovnici Imotske bekije, od Duvna (sadašnjeg Tomislavgrada) do Klobuka, od Gorice do Kočerina, dolazili u svim svojim socijalnim, duševnim i drugim nevoljama.

Imotska bekija nakon 1721.
Turci su nakon gubitka Imotskog premjestili sjedište kadiluka, koje se dotad nalazilo u Imotskom, u Ljubuški te su ga nazvali Imotska bekija, premda sâm Ljubuški nikada nije ni bio dio Imotske krajine.

Narod Imotske bekije je i kasnije bio duboko svjestan svoje pripadnosti Imotskoj krajini. Samo stanovništvo je više naglašavalo pripadnost Imotskom ("Imoćanin iz Bekije") nego Hercegovini. Uvijek je živjela nada da će se ova dva nasilno razdvojena dijela Imotske krajine ujediniti.

Prilika za iznošenje takvog zahtjeva stvorena je 1878. godine, austro-ugarskom okupacijom Bosne i Hercegovine. Očekivalo se da će doći do izmjene granica pa je iz tih razloga niknuo prijedlog pripajanja Imotske bekije svom matičnom gradu Imotskom. No, budući da se Beč bojao da će, ujedinjenjem bilo kojeg dijela hrvatskog teritorija ojačati hrvatski nacionalni duh, promjena granica nije se dogodila.

Također, početkom Domovinskog rata se javila slična želja, no u vidu pripajanja Zapadne Hercegovine (čiji je Imotska bekija danas dio) Hrvatskoj, danas najhrvatskije županije u Hrvata. Ipak, kako se ne bi naštetilo drugim Hrvatima u Bosni i Hercegovini, ni tada se Imotska bekija nije vratila svojoj tisućljetnoj Imotskoj krajini.

Granice su ostale netaknute pa se takvo stanje zadržalo sve do današnjih dana.

Imotska bekija danas
U hrvatskim zemljama postojale su tri bekije – Kostajnička, Novska i Imotska. Potonja i dan-danas nosi to ime.

Danas se Imotska bekija često dijeli na Gornju i Donju Bekiju. Gornja Bekija obuhvaća teritorij općine Posušje, a kroz nju prolazi Posuško polje. Donja Bekija obuhvaća teritorij općine Grude, a kroz nju prolazi Imotsko polje.

Danas se područje Tomislavgrada, koje je nekad pripadalo Imotskom, kao i bekijski dijelovi Širokog Brijega i Ljubuškog rijetko nazivaju Bekijom. Taj pojam je gotovo pa "sužen" samo na općine Posušje i Grude. Također, tradicionalne nošnje Posušja i Gruda se nazivaju imotsko-bekijskim nošnjama. Ove dvije bekijske općine i dan-danas gravitiraju prema Imotskom i s njim ih povezuju isti običaji i isti govor: imotsko-bekijski ikavski govor. Također, posuški, a poglavito grudski učenici se često odlučuju na školovanje u Imotskom, a velik udio zrelog stanovništva tamo je i zaposlen. Granični prijelazi Gorica (Grude) i Osoje (Posušje) najprometniji su granični prijelazi između Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine. U planu je izgradnja brze ceste Mostar – Široki Brijeg – Grude – Imotski – Zagvozd koja bi trebala još jače povezati dva razdvojena dijela Imotske krajine.

Dodatak: Dalmatinski i turski teritorij Imotskog ili Bekija
Tekst napisan nakon austro-ugarske okupacije Bosne i Hercegovine 1878. kada je i dalje vidljiva želja, ali i potreba pripojenja Bekije Imotskoj krajini.

"Dalmatinski teritoria Imotskoga je onaj dio turske pogranične turske linije do brda Biokovo na Makarskom i Omiškom području; turski teritorij Imotskoga ili Bekija je onaj dio koji se od pogranične linije proteže prema sjeveru i istoku. Ova je podjela uslijedila mjeseca lipnja 1721., godine, kad je Imotski pomoću austro-mletačkih četa bio otet iz turske prevlasti, u kojiem je prilikom iza kako je uslijedilo novo razgraničenje, bivši inžinjer Zavrović svojevoljno polovinu teritorija prodao Turcima. Ovaj dio koji obuhvaća slijedeća sela, t.j. Zagorje, Vir, Gradac, Grude, Kočerin, Drinovci, Tihaljina, Tursko Aržano, Turska Vinica, Turske Ričice, Turski Cvitića most, Tursko Posušje i Turska Gorica sačinjava Općinu Imotski, nazvano Bekija, koje zemljište posjeduju turske poglavice iz Mostara, Ljubuškoga i Livna; pošto su pak pogranična sela ostala još uvijek u svom prvobitnom postojanju, nastavlja se podržavanjem odnošaja srodnosti zajedničkog suživljenja i zajedničkih interesa između stanovnika Bekije i Dalmatinskog teritorija Imotskoga. Uslijed ovih odnošaja, u slučaju kada bi se radi kužne bolesti naoružala granica u susjednoj Ercegovini, to ipak usprkos svoj strogosti higijenskih zakona i vojničkog reda, nikada nije bio zabranjen slobodan saobraćaj stanovnika Bekije i stanovnika Imotskoga. Sve dok Bekija ne bude utjelovljena teritorija Dalmatinskomu Imotskoga i oduzeta od turske prevlasti, ovo stanje prouzrokuje pogibelj, u kojoj će se uvijek da nalazi Dalmatinska pokrajina i austrijska država u slučaju da bi se kuga širila u Bosni i Hercegovini."

Literatura

Imotska bekija


An Hemipilia limprichtii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Hemipilia limprichtii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hemipilia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nadudultan. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Hemipilia

Hemipilia limprichtii


Ivan II. od Auvergnea (fra. Jean II d'Auvergne; † 28. rujna 1404.) bio je francuski plemić, grof Auvergnea (1386. — 1404.) i Boulognea (1386. — 1404.). Bio je član dinastije Auvergne. Njegovi roditelji su bili grof Ivan I. od Auvergnea i njegova jedina supruga, grofica Ivana od Clermonta, kći lorda Ivana od Charolaisa te praunuka kralja Luja IX. Svetog.

Brak
Ivan II. je u Compiègneu, 9. kolovoza 1373., oženio Eleonoru od Commingesa, kćer Petra Rajmonda II. od Commingesa i njegove supruge Françoise. Ivan je bio Eleonorin drugi muž.

Eleonora i Ivan su imali samo jedno dijete, kćer Ivanu II. od Auvergnea (Jeanne II d'Auvergne; † 1424.), koja je oca i naslijedila. Ivana sama nije imala djece te je nju naslijedila njezina sestrična, Marija I. od Auvergnea.

Izvori i bilješke

Grofovi Auvergnea
Grofovi Boulognea

Ivan II. od Auvergnea


Coronacollina acula es un animal que vivió durante el período Ediacárico hace aproximadamente entre 560 a 550 millones de años.  Fue descubierto en unos yacimientos fósiles de Australia y es el primer animal precámbrico que se ha reconocido poseedor de un esqueleto.  Vivía en el fondo oceánico, se cree que carecía de locomoción y obtenía sus alimentos por filtarción, de forma similar a cómo lo obtienen las esponjas.  Se piensa que su cuerpo principal, en forma de cono truncado, era de unas dimensiones aproximadas de 3 a 5 centímetros del que partían unas espículas que medían alrededor de 20 a 40 centímetros de longitud.    Esta morfología es similar a Choia, una demosponja cónica con una corona de espículas largas que vivió durante el periodo Cámbrico, proporcionando nexos más directos entre la biota de Ediacara y el registro de los fósiles del Cámbrico.

Véase también
Biota de Ediacara
Demosponjas

Referencias

Ediacárico
Porifera
Géneros monotípicos de animales

Coronacollina acula


Gavar (Ermenice: Գավառ) Geğarkunik'in yönetim merkezidir. Eski adları Kever (1827'den önce), Novo Bayezid (1827-1917) ve Nor Bayezid (1917-1935)'tir. Son iki ad Rusça ve Ermenice "Yeni Bayezid" anlamına gelir ki buradaki Ermenilerin çoğu Doğubeyazıt'tan göçenlerdir.

Gavar yaklaşık 25.000 kişinin yaşadığı, Sevan Gölü kıyısında bulunan küçük bir kenttir. Şehirde bulunan Sovyetler zamanından kalma sanayi bölgesi dışarı verilen göç sebebiyle atıl durumdadır.

Gavar Ermenistan'da bulunan tek engelliler rehabilite okuluna ev sahipliği yapar.

Dış bağlantılar
 Gavar Portalı

Geğarkunik
Ermenistan'daki şehirler

Gavar


Dansk Generalkonsulat Flensborg blev oprettet som dansk konsulat i 1920 efter den nugældende grænsedragning mod Tyskland og  benævnes også Kongelig Dansk Generalkonsulat i Flensborg.

Dette konsulat har en særstilling i forhold til andre danske konsulater, idet hovedopgaven er at støtte det danske mindretal i Sydslesvig. Derved adskiller det sig fra de andre repræsentationer i Tyskland, som er ambassaden i Berlin og generalkonsulaterne i Hamborg og München. Generalkonsulerne har i almindelighed haft et særligt forhold til mindretalspolitiken, inden de indtrådte i embedet.

Danske konsuler/generalkonsuler i Flensborg
 1920-32 V. Neergaard-Møller (1881-1932)
 1932    Paul B. Ryder (konstitueret)
 1932-40 Lauritz Larsen (1874-1944)
 1940-45 Birger Dons-Møller (1898-1996)
 1945-47 Paul B. Ryder (1892-1972)
 1947-59 Erik H. greve Schack (1889-1973)
 1959-75 Troels Fink (1912-1999)
 1976-81 Arne Fog Pedersen (1911-1984)
 1981-93 Jørgen Peder Hansen (1923-1994)
 1994-96 Lorenz Rerup (1929-1996)
 1997-98 Hans Peter Clausen (1928-1998)
 1998-2017   Henrik Becker-Christensen (1950- )
 2017-   Kim Andersen (1957- )

Referencer

Konsuler fra Danmark
Diplomati

Dansk Generalkonsulat Flensborg


Newton Falls may refer to:

 Newton Falls, Ohio
 Newton Falls, New York
Newton Lower Falls, Massachusetts
Newton Upper Falls, Massachusetts

Newton Falls


Der Südhang des Thüster Berges ist ein Naturschutzgebiet in der niedersächsischen Gemeinde Salzhemmendorf im Landkreis Hameln-Pyrmont.

Das Naturschutzgebiet mit dem Kennzeichen NSG HA 140 ist 60 Hektar groß. Es liegt innerhalb des Naturparks Weserbergland Schaumburg-Hameln südöstlich von Salzhemmendorf und stellt südwestexponierte, steile Hänge des Thüster Berges unter Schutz. Auf diesen sind auf flachgründig anstehendem Kalkverwitterungsgestein Kalkhalbtrockenrasen und Trockengebüsche als Reste der früheren Bewirtschaftungsform erhalten. Weiterhin befindet sich extensiv genutztes Grünland und naturnaher Laubwald innerhalb des Naturschutzgebietes.

Das Gebiet steht seit dem 10. August 1989 unter Naturschutz. Zuständige untere Naturschutzbehörde ist der Landkreis Hameln-Pyrmont.

Weblinks

Naturschutzgebiet im Landkreis Hameln-Pyrmont
Schutzgebiet (Umwelt- und Naturschutz) in Europa
Geographie (Salzhemmendorf)

Südhang des Thüster Berges


El Museo Bata Shoe es un museo localizado en el centro de la ciudad de Toronto, en Canadá, cerca de la Universidad de Toronto.

El museo recopila, investiga y conserva todo tipo de calzado y realiza exposiciones. Ofrece cuatro exposiciones, tres de las cuales son limitadas en el tiempo, así como conferencias, espectáculos y eventos familiares. La colección contiene más de 10 mil artículos y es tal vez el único museo en América del Norte dedicado exclusivamente a la historia del calzado.

El museo fue diseñado para seguir un núcleo de circulación, en el este se encuentran las salas de exposiciones, hacia el oeste están las tiendas de regalos, los salones de usos múltiples, vitrinas especiales y salas de exposiciones, y la recepción administrativa. Un patio interior se encuentra en el lado sur del edificio. Hay otros dos niveles dedicados a las exposiciones y la investigación del calzado.

Galería

Véase también
 Casa Spadina
 Bata (empresa)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web oficial
 Imágenes en Commons.

Bata Shoe
Bata Shoe

Museo Bata Shoe


Lista asta înșiruie muzeele de artă și cele de alte tipuri care conțin cele mai multe obiecte de artă în funcție de suprafața totală pe care o ocupă.

Cele mai mari muzee de artă

Referințe

Lista celor mai mari muzee de artă