Paionien (gr: Παιονία, lat: Paeonia) var i antikken paionernes land og kongerige.

I Iliaden (2., 10., 11. og 16. sang) er paionierne beskrevet som Trojas allierede.

Under Perserkrigene blev de besejrede paioniere taget til fange og deporteret til Asien.
Paionernes kong Agis døde 358 f.Kr. og det udnyttede Filip 2. ved 355-354 f.Kr. at erobre den sydlige del af Paionien, som herefter blev kaldt "Makedonsk Paionien". Dette område omfattede byerne Astraion (nu Strumica), Stenae (nu Prosek) (nær nutidens Demir Kapija), Antigonea (nær nutidens Negotino) med flere.

Paioniens grænser er ikke kendte, men man ved, at det lå umiddelbart nord for Kongeriget Makedonien (som i store træk svarer til nutidens græske region Makedonien
og sydøst for Dardanien (svarende omtrent til dagens Kosovo).
Mod øst lå Thrakien og mod vest Illyrien. Paionien bestod af hele Vardardalen og det omliggende område,
hvilket i nutiden svarer til det meste af dagens Republikken Makedonien, en smal stribe langs den nordlige del af den græske region Makedonien samt en lille del af det sydvestlige Bulgarien.

Paioniske stammer

De Paioniske stammer var:
 Agrianere (også kaldt Agriani og Agrii), andre mener at stammen var thrakisk.
 Almopianere (eller Almopioi)
 Laeaeanere (også kaldt Laeaei og Laiai)
 Derronere (også kaldt Derroni), andre mener at stammen var thrakisk.
 Odomantere (også kaldt Odomanti), andre mener at stammen var thrakisk.
 Paeoplaere
 Doberere
 Siropaionere

Oprindelse
Der har været spekulationer om hvorvidt paionerne kan have været thrakere, eller om de var af blandet thrakisk-illyrisk oprindelse. Paionerne blev senere helleniserede, idet en del af paionernes kendte personnavne er åbenlyst græske; Lycceios, Ariston, Audoleon. Lingvister har udpeget de paioniske sprog som et sprog beslægtet med thrakisk og illyrisk eller muligvis et blandingssprog mellem disse to. Flere østlige paioniske stammer, blandt andet agrianerne, blev anset for at være under indflydelse af thrakerne. Men i henhold til den nationale legende, var de teukritiske kolonister fra Troja. Homer fortæller om paionerne i Iliaden, at de kom fra Axios for at slås sammen med trojanerne, men Iliaden nævner ikke om de var i slægt med trojanerne. Homer nævner, at en af de paioniske høvdinge hed Pyraechmes (uden henvisning til slægt), men senere i Iliaden nævner Homer en anden paionisk høvding, Asteropaeus, som søn af Pelagon.

År (522 f.Kr.) før den persiske storkonge Dareios 1. regeringstid strakte Paionien sig langt mod øst, til Perinthos i Thrakien ved Marmarahavet. På denne tid var området en vasalstat til den persiske konge. Da Xerxes I krydsede Khalkidiki på sin vej mod Therma (senere omdøbt til Thessaloniki) siges det, at han marcherede gennem hele Paionien. De besatte hele dalen langs floden Axios (som nu hedder Vardar), så langt ind i landet som til Stobi. Efter persernes nederlag til Alexander den store fik Paionien sin selvstændighed tilbage. Som konsekvens af at Kongeriget Makedoniens magt voksede, kom der øget modstand fra de thrakiske stammer mod nord. Paionernes område blev derfor betydelig mindsket, og i historisk tid var det begrænset til området nord for 'Kongeriget Makedonien' fra Illyrien til floden Struma.

Etymologi
I græsk mytologi blev det sagt at paionerne havde fået deres navn fra Paion, sønnen til Endymion.

Kongedømmet Paionien

Undertvingelsen af paionerne skete som en del af perserkrigene ledet af Dareios 1. (521-486 f.Kr.). Efter lange forberedelser invaderede en stor Achæmenidisk (persisk) hærskare Balkan år 513 f.Kr. og forsøgte at nedkæmpe de europæiske skytere, som herskede nord for floden Donau. Darius' hær erobrede Thrakien og alle øvrige regioner ved Sortehavet,
svarende til nutidens Bulgarien, Rumænien, Ukraine, og Rusland, inden hæren drog tilbage til Lilleasien.
Darius efterlod en af sine hærførere Megabazus, som fik til opgave at færdiggøre opgaven med at indtage resten af Balkan.
De persiske tropper underkuede det guldrige Thrakien, de græske kystbyer og de besejrede og erobrede de magtfulde paionere.

Et stykke tid efter Perserkrigene sluttede de forskellige høvdingedømmer sig sammen til et kongedømme omkring de centrale og øvre flodløb af floderne Axios (Vardar) og Struma, svarende til nutidens nordlige del af republikken Makedonien og det sydvestlige Bulgarien.
I ældre tider lå hovedsædet for de paioniske konger i Bylazora ved floden Axios. Senere flyttede kongerne deres hovedsæde til Stobi
 i nærheden af nutidens Gradsko. Begge byer lå ved floden Vardar, som dengang hed Axios.

De slog sig sammen med illyrerne for at angribe kongeriget Makedonien.

Illyrerne, som havde en tradition for at røve karavaner, ville gerne sikre frie handelsruter. Derfor angreb de det nordlige Makedonien i et forsøg på at lægge det under sig, men det lykkedes dem ikke.
I årene 360-359 f.Kr. deltog nogle sydlige paioniske stammer som støtte for en illyrisk invasion af Makedonien.

Den makedonske kongefamilie blev kastet ud i usikkerhed da Perdikkas 3. 359 f.Kr. døde i kamp mod illyrerne med 4.000 af sine mænd, men hans bror, Filip 2., overtog tronen.
Han reformerede hæren og indførte den makedonske falanks og stoppede både den illyriske invasion og de paioniske angreb.

År 358 f.Kr. fortsatte Filip 2. sin krig mod paionierne med et hærtogt dybt ind i det nordlige Paionien.

Dette angreb svækkede det paioniske kongedømme, som blev regeret af kong Agis, til et delvis selvstyret, men underkastet rige og som førte til en gradvis og formel hellenisering af paionerne.
Det forenede også de enklaver af folk og stammer, som ikke tidligere havde tilhørt Paionien.

Paioniske tropper var senere en del af Aleksander den Stores hær.

Konger
 Agis ?–359 f.Kr.grundlagde kongeriget Paionien; stræbte efter tronen i Kongeriget Makedonien.
 Lycceius 356–340 f.Kr.. Han deltog deltog 356 f.Kr i en koalition med Grabos og Thrakien mod kongeriget Makedonien.
 Patraeus 340–315 f.Kr. Han var 331 f.Kr. general i Alexander den stores hær.
 Audoleon søn af Patraus 315–285 f.Kr. I et slag med den illyriske stamme Autariatae kom han ud i en håbløs situation, men Kassander reddede ham.
 Ariston 286–285 f.Kr. søn af Audoleon. Han var en loyal vasal og kommandør af en enkelt paionisk eskadrille.
 Leon 278–250 f.Kr. Han styrkede landets magt og genvandt tabte områder efter invationen af kelterne år 280/279 f.Kr.
 Dropion søn af Leon 250–230 f.Kr. Han var den sidste kendte paioniske konge 230 f.Kr., da riget var på vej mod sin undergang.
 Bastareus ?–?  f.Kr.

Andre nævneværdige personer
 Pigres: en ud af to tyranniske brødre, som i 511 f.Kr. overtalte Darius I til at deportere de tilfangetagne paionere til Asien.
 Mantyes: den anden af de to brødre.
 Dokimos af Derrones: regerede i det 5. århundrede f.Kr..
 Euergetes af Derrones: regerede 480–465 f.Kr. Han er kun kendt fra mønter.
 Teutaos: regerede fra ca. 450–435 f.Kr. Han er kun kendt fra mønter.
 Bastareus: regerede fra ca. 400–380/78 f.Kr. Han er kun kendt fra mønter.
 Teutamado: regerede fra 378 til 359 f.Kr. Han er kun kendt fra mønter.
 Symnon: betydningsfuld støtte for Filip 2. fra 348 til 336 f.Kr.
 Nicharchos: regerede fra 335 til 323 f.Kr.; søn af Symon.
 Langarus: agrianernes konge; invaderede den illyriske stamme Autariatae år 335 f.Kr. i koalision med Aleksander den Store.
 Dyplaios: af agrianerne; regerede omkring år 330 f.Kr.
 Didas: allieret med Filip 5. af Makedonien med 4.000 krigere fra 215 til 197 f.Kr.

Persiske herskere
 Dareios 1.: Annekterede Paionien år 511/2 f.Kr.
 Xerxes: Inddrog paioniere i hans persiske hær år 481 f.Kr., da han under Perserkrigene invaderede de græske bystater.

Thrakiske herskere
 Sitalces af Thrakien: inddrog agrianere og laeaeanere i hans krig år 429 f.Kr. mod Paionien.

Kultur
Paionerne bestod af et antal uafhængige stammer som til sidst blev forenet under en og samme konge. Deres skikke og kultur er for det meste ukendt. De tilbad guden Dionysos, som blandt dem var kendt under navnene Dyalos eller Dryalos, og historikeren Herodot nævner, at thrakiske og paioniske kvinder gav offergaver til gudinden Artemis (antagelig Bendis). De tilbad solen i form af en lille rund skive, som blev placeret for enden af en stolpe.
De drak øl som var brygget på korn og rester fra planter og urter. Landet var rigt på guld og en bituminøs form for træ eller sten, som brød ud i flammer ved kontakt med vand, og som blev kaldt tanrivok eller tsarivos. De paioniske konger begyndte at udstede mønter på Filip 2.s tid og på mønterne blev kongenavnene skrevet på græsk.
Forfatteren Athenaios antyder, at det Paioniske sprog var i slægtskab med sproget i Mysien, der lå syd for Marmarahavet. Men de få levn, som er tilbage af det paioniske sprog, er ikke tilstrækkeligt til af bedømme det.
Alle navnene på de konger, som vi kender i dag, er også skrevet på græsk: Agis, Ariston, Audoleon, Lycceios, osv., og det gør det vanskeligt at forklare den sproglige kobling til illyrere eller thrakere.

Kvinderne var kendte for deres flid. Herodotos fortæller (v. 12) at Dareios I ved Sardis havde set en smuk paionisk kvinde, som bar en krukke på sit hoved samtidig med at hun spandt hør og ledte en hest til drikkevandet.
Da han spurgte hvem hun var, og fik at vide at hun var paionier, så sendte Dareios instruktioner til Megabazos, kommandanten i Thrakien, om straks at deportere to paioniske stammer til Persien.
Ved Olympia blev der år 1877 fundet en statue, hvor der på soklen var en indskrift, hvoraf det fremgik, at statuen var rejst af paionerne til ære for deres konge og grundlægger Dropion.
På fragmentet af en anden indskrift fundet i Athen, omtales en anden paionisk konge Lypperios i forbindelse med en aftale om en alliance. Han er uden tvivl den samme mand med navnet Lycceios eller Lycpeius, som man har fundet på paioniske mønter.

Nedgang
År 280 f.Kr. invaderede keltere under ledelse af Brennus og plyndrede i Paionien. Samtidig blev paionerne hårdt presset af angreb fra dardanerne.
Paionierne havde derfor intet andet valg end gå sammen med makedonierne. Trods deres samlede anstrengelser blev begge hære besejret.
Paionien blev igen konsolideret, men år 217 f.Kr. lykkedes det for den makedonske kong Filip 5. af Makedonien (239 f.Kr.-179 f.Kr.), søn af kong Demetrius 2., at annektere regionerne Paionien og Dardanien som selvstændige provinser.

Omkring 70 år senere, år 168 f.Kr., erobrede romerske legioner Makedonien. Paionien ved Axios udgjorde nu andet og tredje distrikt i den romerske provins Macedonia.
Kejser Konstantin den Store sammenlagde år 317 Paionien og Pelagonien til en ny romerske provins med navnet Macedonia Secunda eller Macedonia Salutaris, som var en del af Praetorian præfektur Illyricum.
I midten af det 4. århundrede havde paionerne imidlertid tabt deres oprindelige identitet og begrebet Paionien var nu kun et geografisk stednavn.

Referencer

Antikken
Makedonien i antikken
Grækenland i antikken
Byer og territorier i Romerriget

Paionien


Kovalı, Samsun ilinin Vezirköprü ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir. Köyde tarım ve hayvancılık birlikte yapılır. Yazın Tavşan Dağı'ndaki kovalı yaylasına çıkılır hayvanlar otlatılır. Tarım ürünleri olarak ; buğday, mısır,şeker pancarı,ayçiçeği ve nohut en çok yetiştirilen ürünlerdir. Köyde bir ilköğretim okulu olup sağlık ocağı bulunmamaktadır.

Tarihçe
Eski zamanlarda mahalledeki evlerde şebeke suyu olmadığı için köy halkı çeşmeden kovalar ile su taşıyorlarmış, kova ile su taşıdıkları için "Kovalı" olarak mahallenin ismi kalmıştır.

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 126 km, Vezirköprü ilçesine 11 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 Kovalı yerelnet'te

Vezirköprü'nün mahalleleri

Kovalı, Vezirköprü


Nogometna zona Rijeka – Pula, također i kao Riječko-pulska zona, VI. zona prvenstva Hrvatske, je bila jedna od zona Prvenstva Hrvatske, te liga trećeg stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1961./62.
Sudjelovalo je 12 klubova, a prvak je bila "Istra" iz Pule.

Ljestvica

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Povezani članci
 Podsavezna nogometna liga Rijeka 1961./62.
 III. B zona nogometnog prvenstva Hrvatske 1961./62.
 Slavonska nogometna zona 1961./62.
 Zagrebačka nogometna zona 1961./62.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 Godišnjak FSJ 1961-62, Beograd, 1962., ISSN: 0351-2894, str. 199.
 Izidor Matovinović: Pola stoljeća "Orijenta", Rijeka, 1970., UDK: 796.332:061.2(497.5 Rijeka)"1919/1969"(067.5), str. 179–181.
 Ante Kuntić i dr.: Sedamdeset i pet godina nogometa u gradu pod Nehajem 1920-1995, Senj, 1996., str. 69–70.

1961-62
Riječko-istarska
1961-62 Riječko-istarska

Nogometna zona Rijeka – Pula 1961./62.


Onthophagus viridicervicapra é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Ochi, Kon & Tsubaki em 2009.

Referências

Ligações externas

viridicervicapra
Coleópteros descritos em 2009

Onthophagus viridicervicapra


Hjemmefronten er en dansk dokumentarfilm.

Handling
Når en soldat sendes ud, påvirkes hele familien. I filmen møder seerne en stribe pårørende, der er veteraner fra hjemmefronten. De har stået midt i det - mange af dem flere gange. Her giver de erfaringer og tanker videre. Om stort og småt og forbudte følelser. Det er svært, når soldaten skal af sted, men kan være lige så svært, når soldaten kommer hjem igen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Hjemmefronten (dokumentarfilm)


Araplar (, romanize: 'arabī, ), tarihî Arap Yarımadası'nda ortaya çıkmış ve zamanla Antik Mısırlılar, Berberiler ve Persler gibi toplumlar ile kaynaşmış, günümüzde ise çoğunluğuna Arap dünyasının ev sahipliği yaptığı halk. Araplar, Arap dünyası dışında çoğunlukla Batı Asya, Kuzey Afrika, Afrika Boynuzu ve Batı Hint Okyanusu adalarında (Komorlar dahil) yaşarlar. Ayrıca Amerika kıtası, Batı Avrupa, Endonezya, İsrail, Türkiye ve İran'da da önemli sayıda yaşamaktadırlar. Türkiye'de Adana, Mersin, Hatay, Urfa, Mardin, Siirt ve bazı Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi illerinde yaşarlar. Muş'ta da Arap nüfus mevcuttur. Mevcut Arap Birliği başkanı Ahmed Ebu Gayt'tır.

Tarihçe

Arap adının kökeni
Tarihte Arap adına ilk olarak Asur kaynaklarında rastlanmıştır. Asurlular, bugünkü adı Arabistan olan bölgedeki çöllerde göçebe olarak yaşayan Semitik topluluklara Arabaya diyordu. Bu isim daha sonra değişime uğrayarak Arap şeklini almıştır.

Arapların soyu
Soy bilimcilerin çoğu, Arapları 2 gruba ayırır: Arab-ı Baide ve Arab-ı Bakıye. Baide ile kastedilen Arap yarımadasında yaşamış ve İslamiyet öncesinde nesilleri tükenmiş olan Arap kabilelerdir. Bu kabilelerden bazıları Âd, Semûd ve Amâlika'dır. Bakıye Arapları ise Arapçayı Baide Araplarından öğrenmiş olan Ya'rub bin Kahtan oğulları ve Mead bin Adnan oğullarıdır. Bu gruba Arab-ı Müstaribe ve Mütearribe de denir. Kahtan ve beraberindekiler Yemen'e yerleştikleri zaman oradaki insanlara karışıp Araplaştılar. Bir rivayete göre Ya'rub Süryanice konuşuyordu ve daha sonra dilinin Arapçaya dönmesiyle Araplaştılar.

Diğer bir sınıflandırmaya göre ise Araplar üç gruba ayrılırlar: Bunlar Arab-ı Baide (), Arab-ı Aribe () ve Arab-ı Müstaribe'dir ().Son iki gruba birlikte Arab-ı Bakıye () adı verilir. Arab-ı Aribe, Eski Ahit'te geçtiği üzere Kahtan'ın neslinden gelmiştir. Hakiki Araplar olarak kabul edilirler. Yemen'de ve Arap Yarımadası'nın  güneyinde yer alırlar. Arab-ı Müstaribe ise Mead'ın soyundan gelen Necid, Hicaz ve Arap Yarımadası'nın kuzeyinde yerleşik topluluktur. Aslen Arap olmayıp sonradan Araplaşmışlardır.

İslamiyet öncesi
Araplar İslamiyet öncesinde bazı devletler kurmuşlardır (Himyeriler, Gassaniler, Nebatî Krallığı vb). Ancak coğrafyalarının yarattığı koşullar gereği genelde kabileler halinde yaşamışlardır ve her kabilenin başında şeyh, emir benzeri liderler bulunurdu. Bu nedenle İslamiyete kadar tek bayrak altında toplanamamışlardır.

İslam Devleti

Muhammed'in 7. yüzyılda yaymaya başladığı İslam'ı ilk olarak Araplar benimsediler. Bu dini benimseyenlere, "Allah'ın iradesini kabul eden" anlamında Müslüman dendi. İlk Müslümanlar, dinlerini yaymak amacıyla birçok ülke ele geçirdiler ve Muhammed'in liderliğinde büyük bir devlet kurdular. Bu devlete o dönemde bir isim verilmemiş olmakla beraber, günümüzdeki referanslarda daha çok İslam Devleti veya Arap İmparatorluğu olarak nitelendirilir.

Müslümanlar, Muhammed'in ölümünden sonra kendilerine bir halife seçtiler. İslam Devleti'nin hükümdârı aynı zamanda İslam âleminin halifesiydi. Halifeliğin yönetim merkezi önce Medine, sonra Suriye'deki Şam kenti olmuştur. İslam Devleti dört halifeden sonraki dönemlerde yönetimi ele geçiren sülalelerin isimleri ile anılır olmuştur (Emevîler, Abbâsîler, Fâtımîler vb.) 750'de halifeliği Emevîlerden alan Abbâsîler, Irak'taki Bağdat kentini halifeliğin başkenti yaptılar.

Osmanlı yönetimi
Osmanlıların 15. yüzyılda Anadolu'da güçlü bir devlet haline geldikten yaklaşık 100 yıl sonra, Arapların yaşadığı toprakları ele geçirmeleriyle birlikte, hilâfet Osmanlı padişahlarına geçmiş; İslam Devleti, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu bünyesinde erimiştir. I. Selim 1517'de Mısır, Suriye ve Hicaz'ı; oğlu I. Süleyman da Bağdat, Irak, Aden ve Yemen'i Osmanlı topraklarına kattı. Daha sonra Avrupa'daki teknik ve ekonomik gelişmelerin gerisinde kalarak zayıf düşen Osmanlılar, 19. yüzyıldan itibaren Arap topraklarını yitirdiler.

Osmanlı Devleti, I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Almanya'nın yanında savaşa girince; İngiltere, Mekke Emiri Hüseyin bin Ali'nin önderliğinde Vahhabi Arapları kışkırtarak ayaklandırdı. Arap aşiretlerinin bir kısmı Osmanlıya karşı ayaklanmayı reddetse de, Arapçayı anadili gibi bilen Yarbay Lawrence (Arabistanlı Lawrence) gibi bazı İngiliz casuslarının yardımıyla ayaklanan Vahhabi Araplar, Osmanlıların 1918'de uğradığı yenilgide önemli rol oynadılar. İttihak ve Terakki'den etkilenmiş olan Şerif Hüseyin ile birlikte Osmanlı'ya karşı ayaklanmış olan Arap aşiretleri vardır.

Bağımsızlıklarını kazanmaları ve günümüzde Arap Dünyası'nın sorunları

I. Dünya Savaşı'nı izleyen 50 yıl içinde Arap devletleri, birbiri ardına bağımsızlıklarını kazandılar. Bu devletlerin birçoğu 1945'te kurulan Arap Birliğine katıldı. Birliğin amacı Araplar arasında ekonomik, siyasal ve askeri dayanışmayı sağlamaktı. 1990'da Irak'ın Kuveyt'i işgal etmesiyle başlayan ABD ile Saddam yönetimi arasındaki ilişkilerin gerilmesi, 2003'te ABD'nin Irak'ı işgal etmesiyle sonuçlanınca Araplar yeni bir sorunla karşı karşıya kaldılar.

Bugün Arap dünyasını ilgilendiren başlıca konular, bazı Arap devletlerini çok zenginleştiren petrol gelirlerinin en iyi nasıl değerlendirileceği; İslam felsefesi ile çağdaş dünyanın nasıl bağdaştırılacağı; Irak'taki ABD-BK işgali ve İsrail-Filistin sorununun nasıl çözüleceğidir.

Kültür
Arapların tamamına yakını Arapça konuşur ve çoğunluğu da İslam'a inanır. Ne var ki, Arabistan dışındaki bölgelerde yaşayan Araplar, yerli halkla karıştıkları için töreleri de değişikliğe uğramıştır. Öte yandan Afrika-Asya kurak çöl kuşağında yaşadıkları için aralarında büyük benzerlikler de vardır.

Çok eski zamanlardan beri kurak çöl kuşağını iki tür topluluk yurt edinmiştir: Göçebeler ve yerleşik olanlar. Yerleşik olanlar çiftçiler ya da kentlilerdi. Göçebeler ise hayvancılıkla uğraşır ve yılın büyük bir bölümünü otlaklar aramakla geçirirlerdi. Yazın otlaklar kuruyunca, yerleşme bölgelerine ya da vahalara çekilir ve buralarda kurdukları çadırlarda yaşarlardı. Böylece yerleşik halk ile göçebeler her zaman yakın ilişki içinde olmuşlardır. Yerleşik halk, göçebelerden eti için koyun ve keçi, ulaşım için de deve satın alırlardı. Bunların karşılığında göçebeler de tarım ürünü, silah, giysi gibi gereksinimlerini yerleşik halktan sağlardı.

Güney Arabistan çok eski çağlarda baharat ticaretinin önemli bir merkeziydi. Anadolu folklorunda da adı geçen Saba Melikesi Belkıs'ın, buradaki baharat krallıklarından birinde kraliçe olduğu sanılır. Baharat Arabistan'dan Akdeniz limanlarına deve kervanlarıyla taşınırdı. Bedevi adı verilen kabileler, Arabistan'dan ve Sina Yarımadası'ndan geçen bütün baharat yollarını denetim altında tutuyorlardı.

Kırsal kesimde yaşayan Arapların çoğunun yaşam biçimi birbirine benzer. Üzerinde oturulan ve uyunan halılar, kilimler ve yastıklar, evlerin başlıca eşyasıdır. Evler genellikle iki bölüme ayrılmıştır. Erkeklerin girip çıkabildikleri bölüme selamlık, ailedeki kadınların yaşadığı bölüme de harem/haremlik denir. Geleneksel konukseverlik, özellikle kırsal kesimde bugün de sürmektedir. Yörelerinin önde gelenleri, tanımadıkları yolcuları bile evlerinin selamlık bölümünde ağırlarlar.

Bedeviler, günümüzde toplam Arap nüfusunun yüzde 5-10'unu oluştururlar ve özellikle Suudi Arabistan'da yaşarlar. Kentlerde yaşayan Arapların sayısı nüfusun % 40'ı kadardır. Geri kalanlar birbirlerinden uzak küçük köylerde yaşadıkları için geleneklerini daha çok korumuşlardır.

Sanat ve bilim
Araplar, tarihteki askeri başarılarının yanı sıra, sanat ve bilimde de büyük gelişme gösterdiler. Abbasi Halifesi Harun Reşid döneminde (786-809), başkent Bağdat önemli bir kültür merkeziydi. Avrupa'da ve Doğu ülkelerinde, tanınmış eğitim kurumlarıyla olduğu kadar mimarlık, gökbilim, tıp ve matematik alanlarında da ün kazandılar. Bugün kullanmakta olduğumuz sayı sistemini Avrupa'ya Araplar tanıtmış, matematiğin en önemli dalı olan cebir de onların katkılarıyla gelişmiştir. 11. yüzyılda Avrupa'daki Hristiyan ülkelerin, Suriye, Lübnan ve Filistin'e düzenlediği Haçlı Seferleri, Avrupa ile Arap ülkeleri arasındaki ticaretin gelişmesine, ayrıca Arap sanat ve biliminin dünyaya yayılmasına yol açtı.

Arapların sonradan fethettikleri Mısır'daki Kahire, İspanya'daki Córdoba gibi kentlerde de sanat ve bilim çok ileriydi. Ne var ki Araplar, ele geçirdikleri toprakları uzun süre tek bir yönetim altında tutamadılar. Mısır ve İspanya'da ayrı halifelikler ortaya çıktı. Orta Asya'dan gelen Moğolların bir kolu olan İlhanlılar 1258'de Bağdat'ı ele geçirerek Abbasi Halifeliği'ne son verdiler. Bu tarihten sonra Araplar bir daha güçlü bir devlet kuramadılar.

Ayrıca bakınız
Râşidîn Halifeliği
İslamiyet
Arap Birliği
Araplaşma

Kaynakça

Araplar
Sami halkları
Asya'daki etnik gruplar
Afrika'daki etnik gruplar
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki etnik gruplar
Arjantin'deki etnik gruplar
Bahreyn'deki etnik gruplar
Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri'ndeki etnik gruplar
Brezilya'daki etnik gruplar
Cezayir'deki etnik gruplar
Fas'taki etnik gruplar
Filistin'deki etnik gruplar
Fransa'daki etnik gruplar
Irak'taki etnik gruplar
İran'daki etnik gruplar
İspanya'daki etnik gruplar
İsrail'deki etnik gruplar
Katar'daki etnik gruplar
Kuveyt'teki etnik gruplar
Libya'daki etnik gruplar
Lübnan'daki etnik gruplar
Meksika'daki etnik gruplar
Mısır'daki etnik gruplar
Suriye'deki etnik gruplar
Suudi Arabistan'daki etnik gruplar
Tunus'taki etnik gruplar
Türkiye'deki etnik gruplar
Umman'daki etnik gruplar
Ürdün'deki etnik gruplar
Yemen'deki etnik gruplar

Araplar


El cuartel de caballería Páez, es un cuartel militar, ubicado en Maracay, Venezuela. La selección de Maracay para construir el Cuartel de Caballería Páez respondió a la ubicación estratégica, los múltiples recursos y facilidades de comunicación que poseía la ciudad, para lo cual se habían construido carreteras que la unían con el mar, con otros estados y existía la línea férrea del Gran Ferrocarril de Venezuela.

Historia
La construcción del cuartel de Caballería Páez fue decretada el 12 de marzo de 1930, como parte de las obras que se iban a inaugurar con motivo del Centenario del Libertador a fines de dotar a la fuerza de caballería de una edificación moderna, tanto para el personal militar como para los animales con capacidad para mil plazas e igual número de caballos.

Dicho edificio está situado al sureste de la Plaza Bolívar - en construcción para la fecha- y al norte de la línea del Gran Ferrocarril de Venezuela. Los planos formulados por la Sala Técnica del Ministerio de Obras Públicas, estuvieron bajo la dirección técnica del ingeniero Guillermo Pardo Soublette y en la parte administrativa el ciudadano José Andrés Díaz.

Diseño
Según las Memorias del Ministerio de Obras Públicas (1930), poseía las siguientes características:

 La planta del edificio se asemeja a la figura geométrica denominada trapecio, pero con los ángulos adyacentes al lado mayor o base cortados. En realidad la planta es un polígono irregular de seis lados, dos de los cuales, los correspondientes a la fachada principal y a la posterior son paralelos. Esta disposición cumple el doble objetivo de dar visibilidad del interior hacia el exterior y rompe la monotonía de los planos demasiado extensos dando movimiento a las fachadas y grata variedad a la silueta del monumento. El perímetro del cuartel mide 925 metros de longitud.

 Estas fachadas constituyen el muro externo de la faja perimetral en donde han sido distribuidas las distintas dependencias de la oficialidad de la tropa y de servicio en general, dicha faja tiene una amplitud de 15 metros, en toda la longitud más de 700 metros, delimitando una extensa área interna que mide más de 36.500 metros cuadrados en donde han sido localizadas las cuadras, picaderos, sanitarios. Tres entradas permiten el acceso al interior del edificio. Con excepción de la parte central y los vértices del polígono descritos, que es de dos pisos, la totalidad del edificio es de un solo piso, donde fueron cuidadosamente estudiados los problemas de iluminación natural y ventilación, tomando en consideración las condiciones tropicales de la ciudad de Maracay.

 Este cuartel de caballería cumplía con todas las exigencias de la modernidad para hacerlo higiénico y prevenir enfermedades provenientes de las bestias. Por tal razón las habitaciones de soldados y oficiales fueron dotadas de todas las comodidades para la ventilación, previéndose además que no entrara a las habitaciones la luz directa del sol y las paredes fueron construidas de concreto con material de tierra cocida, de escasa conductibilidad calorífica.

 Se tomaron providencias para que el pateo y el piafar de las bestias no llegaran en la noche a las habitaciones de los militares, para lo cual se tomó en consideración la distancia necesaria entre las cuadras y las habitaciones. lo cual además permitía la movilización de los jinetes en caso de evacuar el recinto con urgencia.

 Las cuadras en número de doce (12) fueron dispuestas perpendicularmente a la fachada principal están cobijadas por una cubierta de asbesto sobre armaduras de acero de dos aguas sustentadas por sólidas columnas y están descubiertas lateralmente como es natural a fin de proporcionar a las bestias un ambiente fresco y saludable. Los pesebres son individuales y fueron construidos en números de mil, con la solidez necesaria, totalmente exenta de toda punta o saliente que pueda dañar a las bestias.

 Fue dotado además de una infraestructura de cloacas empotradas a la red de la ciudad y dotado igualmente de agua potable.

Referencias
 Memorias del Ministerio de Obras Públicas, 1930.

Historia militar de Venezuela
Edificios y estructuras de Maracay
Cuarteles de Venezuela
Historia de Maracay
Arquitectura de Venezuela de los años 1930

Cuartel de Caballería Páez


Leichter Panzerspähwagen, (Türkçesi "Hafif Zırhlı Keşif Aracı") 4 x 4 çekerli Nazi Almanyası tarafından 1935 ile 1944 yılları arasında üretilen zırhlı araçtır.

Yapımında sPkw I Horch 801 şese kullanılmış, açılı zırhlı ve paletliydi.

90 beygir gücünde (67 kW) Horch 3.5 benzinli motoru ile karayolunda 80 km/s arazide ise 40 km/s maksimum hıza ulaşabiliyordu. Aracın menzili 300 km idi.

Zırhı
Ön ve yanlarında 8 mm çelik; üst, yan ve alt kısımı ise 5 mm çelik levha ile kaplıydı. Zırh üzerindeki gözetleme delikleri zırh tamamlandıktan sonra açılıyordu. Taretin üst kısmında içeriye el bombası atılmasını önlemek için telden iki yana açılabilir kafes takılıydı.

Modelleri

Sd.Kfz. 221
Ana model olarak standart şase üzerine üretilen modeldi. Sdkfz. 221 üzerinde bir adet 7.92 mm Maschinengewehr 34 makinalı tüfek bulunuyordu. Dört tekerlekli ve iki kişilik mürettebatı bulunuyordu. Önceleri üzerinde 8 mm ince bir zırh varken savaşın ilerleyen günlerinde bu zırh 14.5 mm ye çıkartıldı.

Sd.Kfz. 222
Üzerinde 2 cm KwK 30 L/55 autocannon ve bir adet 7.92 mm Maschinengewehr 34 makinalı tüfek bulunuyordu. Silahçı olan 3. mürettebat yeri geldiğinde komutanlık görevini de üstleniyordu. Bazı modellerinde 28 mm zırhdelici top bulunuyordu. Prototip modelinde 50 mm lik top kullanıldı. İki zırhlı prototip tamamlandı.

Sd.Kfz. 223
Telsiz araç modeli, 221 gibi 7.92 mm Maschinengewehr 34 makinalı tüfek ile donatılmıştı. Ayrıca telsiz ekipmanı ve üst kısmında büyük bir anteni bulunuyordu. Tahminen 500 adet SdKfz 223 üretildi.

Dış bağlantılar

 WWII vehicles

Ayrıca bakınız
II. Dünya Savaşı Zırhlı Araç Listesi

Zırhlı arabalar

Leichter Panzerspähwagen


Wolfgang Werner Sauer (* 4. März 1944; † 12. Februar 2023) war ein deutscher Sprachwissenschaftler und Hochschullehrer.

Werdegang
Sauer wurde 1979 an der Universität Hannover promoviert mit einer Dissertation über den Sprachgebrauch von Nationalsozialisten vor 1933.

1987 habilitierte er sich. Seine Forschungsschwerpunkte waren die Deutsche Gegenwartssprache, ideologiespezifische Sprachformen und Wörterbuchanalyse. Bis zu seiner Emeritierung war er Professor an der Universität Hannover.

Veröffentlichungen (Auswahl)
 als Herausgeber mit Klaus Welke, Helmut Glück: Die deutsche Sprache nach der Wende (= Germanistische Linguistik 110/111). Olms, Hildesheim u. a. 1992, ISBN 3-487-09627-7.
 mit Helmut Glück: Gegenwartsdeutsch (= Sammlung Metzler 252). Metzler, Stuttgart u. a. 1990, ISBN 3-476-10252-1 (2., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. ebenda 1997, ISBN 3-476-12252-2).
 Der "Duden". Geschichte und Aktualität eines "Volkswörterbuchs". Metzler, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-476-00638-7 (Zugleich: Hannover, Universität, Habilitations-Schrift, 1987).

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Linguist
Hochschullehrer (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover)
Absolvent der Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Deutscher
Geboren 1944
Gestorben 2023
Mann

Wolfgang Werner Sauer


Pétur Gautur Svavarsson (f. 4. mars 1966) er íslenskur listmálari þekktur fyrir kyrralífsmyndir.

Tilvísanir

Fólk fætt árið 1966
Íslenskir myndlistarmenn

Pétur Gautur


El diablo en el convento (Le diable au couvent) es un cortometraje escrito, dirigido y protagonizado por Georges Méliès en 1899.

Argumento
El diablo entra en un convento y asusta a las monjas. Luego llegan más diablos. Finalmente, los monjes consiguen hacerlos desaparecer mostrándoles crucifijos.

Producción
Según algunos críticos de cine, El Diablo en el convento parodia la vida monástica, presentando una visión satírica de la Iglesia católica. Casi con certeza, Méliès se encontraba de acuerdo con el sentimiento antieclesiástico que prevaleció durante el caso Dreyfus, que se dio en 1898 y 1899: Méliès apoyó el caso de Alfred Dreyfus, mientras que la Iglesia se opuso. Méliès hizo otra sátira religiosa, La tentación de San Antonio en el mismo año, así como su serie de películas El caso Dreyfus.

La película pudo haber sido inspirada en parte por las producciones fantasmagóricas del mago francés Étienne-Gaspard Robert, conocido por el nombre artístico de "Robertson". El mismo Méliès interpreta al Diablo en la película, y en esta utilizó en numerosas escenas la técnica del paso de manivela para hacer aparecer y desaparecer personajes y objetos continuamente.

Estreno y supervivencia
El Diablo en el convento fue producida y estrenada por la Star Film Company de Méliès y está numerado en los 185-187 de sus catálogos, donde también se especifican las tres escenas de la película: 1. Las monjas, el sermón; 2. Los demonios, el sábado; 3. El clérigo, el exorcismo.

En 2010, la Cinemateca Vasca recibió una donación de una caja de películas de 35 mm, recuperada por un particular en 1995 de un contenedor de basura en Bilbao. Se descubrió que la caja contenía 32 películas, incluyendo copias colorizadas a mano de El Diablo en el convento y El misterioso caballero, un film de Méliès de 1899. Previamente, ambos cortometrajes solo se encontraban disponibles en versiones en blanco y negro. Se consideró que la impresión coloreada a mano de El Diablo en el convento estaba en un estado de descomposición demasiado avanzado para ser restaurada por completo; sin embargo, la tercera escena de la película estaba en condiciones suficientes para ser restaurada. Ambas películas fueron confiadas a la Filmoteca de Cataluña para el proceso de restauración, bajo la supervisión de dos expertos en la obra de Méliès, Roland Cosandey y Jacques Malthête.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Películas de 1899
Películas mudas de Francia
Cortometrajes de Francia
Películas de animación en stop motion
Películas de fantasía
Películas sobre religión
Representaciones ficticias del Diablo

El Diablo en el convento


Lille mænsk er en kortfilm fra 1999 instrueret af Peter Schønau Fog efter manuskript af Peter Schønau Fog.

Handling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1999

Lille mænsk


Paul James O'Grady  (14 June 1955 – 28 March 2023) was an English comedian, broadcaster, drag queen, actor, and writer. He achieved notability in the London gay scene during the 1980s with his drag persona Lily Savage, through which he gained wider popularity in the 1990s. O'Grady subsequently dropped the character and in the 2000s became the presenter of various television and radio shows, including The Paul O'Grady Show.

Born to a working-class Irish migrant family in Tranmere, Cheshire, O'Grady moved to London in the late 1970s, initially working as a peripatetic care officer for Camden Council. He developed his drag act in 1978, basing the character of Lily Savage upon traits found amongst female relatives. Touring England as part of drag mime duo the Playgirls, O'Grady then went solo as a stand-up comedian in the early 1980s. Performing as Savage for eight years at a South London gay pub, the Royal Vauxhall Tavern (RVT), he gained a popular following among London's gay community and used his character to speak out for gay rights. After being nominated for a 1992 Perrier Award, O'Grady attracted mainstream attention and made various television, radio, and theatrical appearances. As Savage, he presented the television shows The Big Breakfast (1995–1996), Blankety Blank (1997–2002), and Lily Live! (2000–2001), earning various awards and becoming a well known public figure.

Wishing to diversify from Savage, O'Grady starred in the BBC One sitcom Eyes Down (2003–2004) and presented two travel documentaries for ITV. In 2004, he began presenting ITV's daytime chat show The Paul O'Grady Show. After the network refused to transfer creative control of the series to O'Grady's production company Olga TV, he moved to Channel 4 in 2006, where the show was rebranded as The New Paul O'Grady Show, airing until 2009. O'Grady presented the late night ITV show Paul O'Grady Live (2010–2011) and BBC Radio 2's Paul O'Grady on the Wireless (2009–2022). Additional television shows included Paul O'Grady: For the Love of Dogs (2012–2023), Paul O'Grady's Animal Orphans (2014–2016), Blind Date (2017–2019), and Paul O'Grady's Great British Escape (2020). He also published several books, including a four-volume memoir.

O'Grady was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2008 Birthday Honours for services to entertainment. In 2020 he became president of the British Music Hall Society, taking over the role from Roy Hudd. On 31 October 2022 He was appointed as a Deputy Lieutenant for the County of Kent, where he lived for many years.

Early life

1955–1971: Childhood
O'Grady was born on 14 June 1955 at St. Catherine's Hospital in the Tranmere area of Birkenhead, Cheshire (now Merseyside). His father, Patrick "Paddy" Grady (1912–1973), was Irish and had grown up in Ballincurry, County Roscommon, before moving to England in 1936 and settling in the working-class area of Birkenhead. His name was changed from "Grady" to "O'Grady" in a paperwork mistake when he joined the Royal Air Force, and he kept the new name. Patrick married Mary "Molly" Savage (1916–1988), who was born in England to Irish immigrants from County Louth. Paul was their third child; his birth came over a decade after those of brother Brendan (born 1941) and sister Sheila (born 1944).

O'Grady spent his early life at the family's rented home at 23 Holly Grove in Higher Tranmere. He later said, "When I look back on my childhood I have no bad memories. Our family was loving and full of affection. I never knew what divorce was until I moved to London. I was an indulged child and completely protected from anything bad." Attending St. Joseph's Catholic Primary School, O'Grady excelled in all subjects except mathematics. Hoping that he had a good future ahead of him, his parents budgeted to send him to a private school, the Catholic-run Redcourt, but his grades dropped. Failing the eleven plus exam, he was unable to enter a grammar school so attended the Blessed Edmund Campion R.C. Secondary Modern and the Corpus Christi High School. It was at the school that O'Grady experienced his first homosexual encounter, enjoying a brief romance with another boy, although he still assumed he was heterosexual.

A fan of the popular television series The Avengers and Batman, O'Grady was enrolled in the Cub Scouts by his mother, but he hated it, leaving after a month. An altar boy at a local Catholic church, he was dismissed after laughing during a funeral service. He then joined the Marine Cadet Section of the Sea Cadet Corps, later commenting that he was following in the footsteps of his childhood hero, the cartoon character Popeye. He enjoyed the cadets, and at the advice of his captain joined the Boys' Amateur Boxing Club, developing a lifelong love of the sport. Playing truant from school, he got into trouble with his parents, and subsequently with the police after burgling a house with three friends. O'Grady's first job was a paper round that he kept for a week, and through this and other jobs, he saved up to afford Mod clothes, for a time becoming a suedehead.

1972–1977: Early adulthood
Leaving school aged 16, O'Grady obtained a job in the civil service, working as a clerical assistant for the DHSS at their Liverpool office; he commuted in from his parents' Tranmere home. Supplementing this income, he worked part-time at the bar of the Royal Air Forces Association (RAFA) club in Oxton. Called for a disciplinary hearing at the DHSS and accused of incompetent behaviour and tardiness, he resigned. Obtaining a job at the Wheatsheaf Hotel in Virginia Water, Surrey, aged 17, O'Grady moved there; the management accused him of stealing, which he denied.

Promptly returning to Birkenhead, he increasingly socialised within the Liverpudlian gay scene, attending meetings of the Campaign for Homosexual Equality and working at a gay bar called the Bear's Paw; this was kept a secret from his parents, to whom he was not "out of the closet". He also had casual sex with a female friend, Diane Jansen, who became pregnant, news which O'Grady discovered in the same week that both his parents suffered heart attacks; his mother made a recovery, but his father died. Following the birth of his daughter, Sharon Lee Jansen, in May 1974, O'Grady agreed to pay towards her upkeep, but refused to marry Jansen, recognising his homosexuality.

Briefly working as an assistant clerk at Liverpool Magistrates' Court, O'Grady subsequently worked as a barman at Yates's Wine Lodge, supplementing the income with the occasional night at the Bear's Paw. Realising this wage was insufficient to support both himself and his daughter, he travelled to London, lodging in Westbourne Green, but found only poorly paid work as a barman. In London, he began associating with drag queens, particularly a couple who used the stage name of the Harlequeens. Although making friends in the city, O'Grady was homesick and returned to Birkenhead. Employed as an accountant in a FMC Meats Merseyside abattoir, he then worked for three years at the Children's Convalescent Home and School in West Kirby, a home for disabled and abused children.

Returning to London, he rented a flat in Crouch End and began busking with a friend in Camden Town before obtaining a job as a physiotherapist's assistant at the Royal Northern Hospital. Made redundant by public sector cuts, O'Grady took up a job at a gay club called the Showplace, befriending a Portuguese lesbian named Teresa Fernandes. In May 1977, they married to prevent her deportation; they lost contact and only legally divorced in 2005. Taking up jobs as a cleaner and a waiter at private functions, he began working for Camden Council as a peripatetic care officer. Living in with elderly people and dysfunctional families would have a lasting effect on him.

Career in drag

1978–1984: Lily Savage and the drag circuit

While working for Camden Social Services, O'Grady made his first attempt at putting together a drag act, creating the character of Lily Savage; he later said, "I wanted to get up there but be larger than life, a creature that was more cartoon than human." His debut was on the afternoon of 7 October 1978 at The Black Cap gay pub in Camden, where his act involved miming the words to Barbra Streisand's "Nobody Makes a Pass at Me" from the show Pins and Needles. Following a holiday to Poland, he visited an ex-boyfriend in Manila in the Philippines, there working briefly as a barman and waiter at a brothel.

Returning to London, O'Grady moved to Purley and then Streatham with a drag act, the Glamazons. With one of them, nicknamed "Hush", he founded a two-man drag mime act, the Playgirls, although found little work in London. Agreeing to a tour of northern England, they moved to Slaithwaite, Yorkshire, also accepting a month's work at a club in Copenhagen, Denmark. Diversifying their act, O'Grady learned fire eating and developed a striptease while wearing a fat suit he named "Biddy". After Hush returned to London, O'Grady continued his drag performance as a solo act under the name of "Paul Monroe", a reference to Marilyn Monroe. Under financial strain, O'Grady moved back in with his mother in Birkenhead. Amid mass unemployment, O'Grady briefly lived off the dole before resurrecting the Playgirls with his friend Vera; initially performing in Liverpool, where they were caught up in the 1981 Toxteth riots, they began touring other parts of northern England until returning to London.

Again working as a support worker for Camden Council Social Services, O'Grady lived in Vauxhall and then Brixton before reviving the Playgirls with Hush, devising an act based upon the film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? At the end of the year, he appeared as an Ugly Sister in a drag pantomime of Cinderella. In March 1983 he joined the Equity union, allowing him to take a role in the theatrical adaptation of If They'd Asked for a Lion Tamer at the Donmar Warehouse. The Playgirls gained bookings to appear across London, and also in Amsterdam and Copenhagen; O'Grady and Hush joined with drag artist David Dale to form an act known as "LSD", which stood for "Lily, Sandra, and Doris". Devising an act that parodied children's television show Andy Pandy, they gained bookings across London and in Edinburgh.

1984–1992: Residency in Vauxhall

In 1984, O'Grady began work as a barman at a Vauxhall gay pub, the Elephant and Castle. As Lily, he compered "Ladies Night" each Tuesday, where amateur drag acts would perform. As compere, he tried out comedy routines, becoming known for insulting both the acts and the audience; he attracted growing crowds and he was interviewed by artist Patrick Procktor. After six months, he transferred his act to the nearby Royal Vauxhall Tavern (RVT) gay pub, re-opening his show on Thursday nights as "Stars of the Future". In 1985 he obtained his own council flat in Vauxhall's Victoria Mansions. During the mid-1980s, he entered a relationship with Brendan "Murph" Murphy, the manager of a gay sauna near the Oval, Kennington. Murphy subsequently became O'Grady's manager.

Eventually appearing at the RVT three times a week, on Sundays O'Grady began performing at the Union Tavern in Camberwell and the Goldsmith's Tavern in New Cross, where he often preceded Vic Reeves' three-hour show Vic Reeves Big Night Out. Quitting his council work, he focused full-time on his career as Lily, taking his act across the country and abroad. Other venues he performed at included the Madame JoJo's club in Soho, the Bloomsbury Theatre, and the Heaven nightclub. Befriending American drag queen Divine and his manager Bernard Jay, Jay booked O'Grady to appear in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. As Divine had done, O'Grady also recorded his own Hi-NRG song, "Tough at the Top", which was produced by DJ Ian Levine. In 1988, he performed as Madame in The Scythe of Reason, and appeared at the Glasgow Mayfest, where he developed a lifelong friendship with actor Ian McKellen.

O'Grady used his act to speak out on issues affecting the gay community, especially during the HIV/AIDS crisis. In April 1988 he took part in a march against Section 28, a policy introduced by Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government that many denounced as homophobic. Regularly doing charity fundraisers for HIV/AIDS research, many of his friends died from AIDS-related complications; he later related that "People my age will never get over the horrors." He performed in a play about the disease at the King's Head Theatre in Islington, befriending co-star Amanda Mealing.

From 1989 to 1992 O'Grady performed annually as Lily at the Edinburgh Fringe, gaining increasing recognition. He was nominated for the 1991 Perrier Award alongside Jack Dee, Eddie Izzard, and (the ultimate winner) Frank Skinner. He later related that "The Edinburgh Festival changed my life. The experience opened doors for me that would otherwise have been firmly closed, exposing me to a much wider audience than I'd previously been used to." O'Grady followed this with a show titled Lily Savage Live from the Hackney Empire; a sell-out, it was the first time that his performance was recorded. In 1992 he embarked on an Australian tour, performing alongside the Australian comedian Mark Trevorrow, and proceeded to Los Angeles, where he was present for the 1992 riots in that city.

O'Grady obtained his breakthrough into television when he played the character of a
transvestite prostitute informant, Roxanne, in three episodes of ITV's police drama The Bill between 1988 and 1990. Just before filming on the first episode, O'Grady's mother died. In 1990 he appeared in the ITV miniseries Chimera as a social worker; during filming he befriended co-star Liza Tarbuck. He followed this with a performance as a Marlene Dietrich-style cabaret singer in an episode of Rik Mayall's ITV comedy The New Statesman. He had continued to perform regularly at the RVT, and after the proprietors Pat and Breda McConnor decided to move on, he and Murphy unsuccessfully sought to replace them. O'Grady never compered at the RVT again after the McConnors left.

1992–1998: Mainstream success

After leaving the RVT, O'Grady continued to tour as Lily and released VHS videos of his performances. Gaining further public exposure through an appearance on the late-night Channel 4 comedy show Viva Cabaret!, he appeared on an episode of BBC quiz show That's Showbusiness. Moving into radio, he began making regular appearances as Lily on Woman's Hour and Loose Ends. Also moving into film, he travelled to Dublin, Ireland to play an inmate in the 1993 film In the Name of the Father; although not in the Lily character, he was credited as "Paul Savage". In character as Lily, he appeared on an October 1994 episode of BBC series The Steve Wright People Show, had a cameo in the soap Brookside the following month, and presented an episode of BBC music show Top of the Pops. He also appeared as a female pirate in an episode of BBC children's show Pirates.

Employed to narrate the BBC 2 series Life Swaps, he was also given his own late-night Channel 4 series, Live from the Lilydrome, which was filmed in a working men's club in Blackpool. Given top billing at the gay rights charity Stonewall's 1994 Equality Show in Albert Hall, he also played the role of Nancy in the London Palladium's performance of the musical Oliver!. Reflecting his increasing success in mainstream British comedy, in 1994 he was nominated for both Top Live Stand-Up Comedian and Top Television Comedy Newcomer at the British Comedy Awards. Some in the South London gay scene were critical of O'Grady, accusing him of being a sell out; he fiercely denied these accusations, stating that "I've done nearly ten years on the factory floor and now I feel I deserve a shot in the office."

After Paula Yates resigned as presenter of the Channel 4 morning television program The Big Breakfast, its production company Planet 24 employed O'Grady to replace her. A four-week Lie-in with Lily was commissioned as a trial run. As Lily, O'Grady ignored the suggested questions of PR agents and instead asked personal questions of his guests; having attracted 2 million viewers, Planet 24 renewed his contract to keep him on as presenter. Through contacts made in showbusiness, he befriended many A-list celebrities, among them Elton John and Cher. O'Grady found the early morning starts difficult, particularly as he was also appearing as Lily in a musical version of Prisoner Cell Block H at the Queen's Theatre in London's West End. When the musical then toured the UK, O'Grady took a break from The Big Breakfast to accompany it.

He took his new dog, a shih tzu-bichon frisé cross named Buster, with him on tour; O'Grady later commented that "He was never happier than in a TV studio or theatre... Buster knew all the theatre doormen and loved being fussed over. He was a smashing dog." At the time, O'Grady had been making greater attempts to get to know his teenage daughter; the Daily Mirror tabloid treated her existence as a headline scandal in autumn 1994. Critical of the media, O'Grady condemned them for solely referring to him as a drag queen; he commented that Barry Humphries, who played the character of Dame Edna Everage, was "never called a drag act because he's a heterosexual male. But I'm called one because I'm a gay man. It's homophobic and it's wrong as there is nothing remotely sexual about what I do. I dress up as a woman for financial purposes, nothing else."

In April 1996, O'Grady filmed a performance at the LWT Tower as An Evening with Lily Savage, broadcast on ITV in November. A hit, it was awarded Best Entertainment Program at the 1997 National Television Awards. He turned down ITV's subsequent offer of a weekly show because it would air before the watershed and thus force him to drastically alter his act into a form of light entertainment. With Murphy he then established a production company, Wildflower. Returning to theatre, he performed The Lily Savage Show for a 16-week sell-out run at Blackpool's North Pier Theatre and then Lily's Christmas Cracker at the Blackpool Opera House, the latter filmed for broadcast by the BBC. At this juncture, he agreed to appear as Lily in adverts for the Ford Escort, subsequently appearing in ad campaigns for Pretty Polly tights, the soft drink Oasis, and a bingo company. Earnings from these performances allowed him to move out of his Vauxhall council flat and into a house near Tower Bridge in South London. He also purchased a flat in Saltaire.

Television

1998–2003: Blankety Blank, travel shows, and Eyes Down

In 1998, the BBC produced a six-week Sunday series titled The Lily Savage Show, during which he interviewed guests like Elton John, Alan Yentob, and Anthea Turner. O'Grady found the scripted, non-spontaneous nature of the series difficult, and it was not well received. As Lily, O'Grady was invited on to other television chat shows, such as Richard and Judy; he appeared in a Christmas special of cookery show Ready, Steady, Cook. He went on an eight-week tour as Lily, before starring as Miss Hannigan in a West End revival of the musical Annie. He subsequently accompanied the show's tour of the UK, before appearing in pantomime in Birmingham.

The BBC decided to revive the quiz show Blankety Blank, previously hosted by Terry Wogan and Les Dawson. They selected O'Grady to present the show as Lily, allowing him to ad lib rather than follow a script. Screened on primetime Saturday night, Blankety Blank proved a ratings winner, attracting an audience of 9 million. ITV then purchased it, offering O'Grady a two-year deal for £1 million. ITV let him be more risque in his use of humour on Blankety Blank, and also commissioned a new comedy series, Lily Live!. This show also proved a success, earning O'Grady nominations for both the Best Comedy Entertainment Personality and Programme at the 2000 British Comedy Awards. With increased earnings—his assets were estimated to total £4 million—in 1999 O'Grady purchased a house in Aldington, Kent from comedian Vic Reeves, decorating it in an art nouveau style and establishing a smallholding.

Tired of appearing as Lily, O'Grady decided to try to make a career for himself outside of drag. He appeared as himself in an advert campaign for Double Two shirt-makers, before pitching a six-part travelogue series to ITV, who agreed to part-fund it. The project resulted in Paul O'Grady's Orient, for which he travelled throughout East and Southeast Asia. Although poorly received by the tabloid press, it achieved good ratings, and ITV commissioned a second series, Paul O'Grady's America, in which he visited various U.S. cities. Again it received poor tabloid reviews. O'Grady suffered a bout of clinical depression, but recovered in time to perform alongside Cilla Black and Barbara Windsor in a burlesque rendition of "You Gotta Get a Gimmick" at the 2001 Royal Variety Performance; the televised event attracted 11.5 million viewers.

In April 2002, O'Grady had a heart attack, which doctors attributed to a combination of a congenital family heart problems with stress, heavy smoking, and caffeine. His recovery meant missing the Heritage Foundation Awards ceremony, where he was awarded television personality of the year award. Returning to work, he appeared as the Child Catcher in a twelve-week run of the musical Chitty Chitty Bang Bang at the London Palladium, receiving good reviews. He followed this with a Christmas season as the Wicked Queen in the pantomime Snow White at Manchester Opera House.

In 2003, O'Grady appeared in Celebrity Driving School, a BBC Comic Relief show in which he learned to drive, alongside Nadia Sawalha and Jade Goody. One of his tantrums on the shows was nominated for a Best Television Moment of the Year Award. Although turning down most offers to appear in a sitcom, he agreed to play the manager of a Merseyside bingo hall in the BBC series Eyes Down, commenting: "He's an evil, twisted man who hates everything that moves. Not exactly a challenge for me". Screened in the prime Friday night slot, the show was popular with viewers, if not reviewers, and was renewed for a second series in 2004. The BBC were also planning on reviving The Generation Game; O'Grady presented two pilot episodes in late 2003 but left the project, unhappy with the result. O'Grady ended 2003 in pantomime at the Bristol Hippodrome.

2004–2011: The Paul O'Grady Show and Paul O'Grady Live

O'Grady temporarily stood in for Des O'Connor on ITV's lunchtime chat show Today with Des and Mel, enjoying the feeling of presenting live. ITV executives then offered him his own daytime chat show: The Paul O'Grady Show. There was initial press concern that O'Grady's style of adult humour would not be appropriate for a daytime slot, but ITV's controller of entertainment, Mark Wells, declared that "Paul is one of the funniest people on television – he deserves to be on it far more than he is."

The show first aired in October 2004 from 5 pm to 6 pm and saw O'Grady interviewing celebrity guests; it represented "a glorious mix of seemingly unscripted banter, chat and slapstick humour". In producing the show, O'Grady worked with many old friends, including warm-up man Andy Collins. The series was a hit, attaining between 2.5 and 2.7 million viewers daily. According to O'Grady biographer Neil Simpson, the series was "a riotous, endearingly kitsch romp with no pretensions to be anything other than pure entertainment. In some ways it was pure vaudeville[...] There were novelty acts, talking dogs, whistling goldfish, extraordinary stories. His audience laughed like drains at his anecdotes and were brought right into the heart of the show." The inclusion of his dog, Buster, on the show proved particularly popular with audiences. The show gained a devoted following, with many fans attending the screenings; often, as many as a hundred had to be turned away. Describing those attending the screenings, Simpson noted that "Groups of middle aged women dominate—but they are joined by beautiful twenty-something women with flawless make-up, flash City boys with Louis Vuitton briefcases, hip-looking students out for a good time and pensioners just wanting a laugh in the afternoon."

The show's viewing figures exceeded those of Channel 4's daytime chat show, Richard & Judy. Tabloids stoked the rivalry between the shows, calling it the "Chat Wars". O'Grady claimed that tabloids had been publishing false quotations attributed to him, describing Richard and Judy as "a lovely couple and we certainly haven't fallen out." At Christmas 2004, O'Grady starred in a pantomime, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, at the Victoria Palace Theatre in London's West End. After the second series of The Paul O'Grady Show was commissioned, in March 2005 it was awarded Best Daytime Programme by the Royal Television Society, and O'Grady was subsequently awarded Best Entertainment Performance at the BAFTAs. In August controversy arose after it was revealed that the staff member responsible for interviewing the show's prospective child reporters had written derogatory notes about them; O'Grady dismissed the staff member responsible and issued a public apology.

In June 2005, Murphy died of brain cancer. Prior to Murphy's death, O'Grady had promised him that his production company—now named Olga TV after one of O'Grady's dogs—would take creative control over The Paul O'Grady Show. ITV refused to allow this, and so O'Grady moved the show to Channel 4, where it was renamed The New Paul O'Grady Show. Press accused O'Grady of moving in pursuit of a higher salary; Channel 4 offered him a contract for £2 million a year, making him one of Britain's highest-paid television stars.

In June 2006, O'Grady suffered a second massive heart attack, undergoing an angioplasty; he received around 7000 get-well-soon cards and letters from fans. He returned to work for the second series of The New Paul O'Grady Show in September, during which the show's viewing figures hit a new peak. To deal with his health issues, he began taking a week off mid-series, where he was replaced by guest presenters. O'Grady subsequently won the Ten Years at the Top award at the TV Quick and TV Choice awards.

The tabloids tried to re-ignite the "chat wars" by claiming a rivalry between O'Grady and other daytime television shows such as The Sharon Osbourne Show and The Brian Conley Show. Amid the later News International phone hacking scandal, police from Operation Weeting informed him that News of the World reporter Glenn Mulcaire had hacked his mobile phone. He decided not to sue. 2006 also saw the start of his relationship with future-husband André Portasio, a ballet dancer.
In 2008, O'Grady had a cameo as himself in the Doctor Who episode "The Stolen Earth", and appeared in Ghosthunting with Paul O'Grady and Friends, filmed in Palermo, Sicily. 2008 also saw publication of the first volume of O'Grady's memoirs, At My Mother's Knee ... And Other Low Joints, published by Bantam. The second volume, The Devil Rides Out: The Second Coming, followed in 2010.

After budget talks broke down with Channel 4, O'Grady ended The New Paul O'Grady Show. In October 2009, O'Grady agreed to an £8 million deal with ITV to host a Friday prime-time chat-show, Paul O'Grady Live. The first series aired from September to November 2010. In October, O'Grady attracted media attention after calling the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government "bastards" on his show for mass cuts to social services. He also voiced his support for student protesters who had occupied and vandalised the Conservative Party headquarters. Ofcom received several complaints over the incident. Paul O'Grady Live was picked up for a second series from April to July 2011, and included a special devoted to American pop star Lady Gaga. In October, ITV axed Paul O'Grady Live. O'Grady stated that ITV had asked him to return for a third series, but that he had refused, claiming that he had had enough of the chat show format, and that he was fed up with the "interference" from the show's producers.
That month, he also performed in Drama at Inish at the Finborough Theatre in Earl's Court.

2012–2023: Animal shows, Blind Date, and final works

2012 saw the launch of ITV documentary series Paul O'Grady: For the Love of Dogs, covering life at Battersea Dogs and Cats Home in south London. O'Grady commented that he had wanted to do such a show for years and that he took to it with an "enthusiasm that surprised everyone except me". Although scheduled to initially film at the centre for six days, he stayed as a volunteer for six months. At the end of the first series, O'Grady was invited to become an ambassador for the centre, and a bronze statue of his late dog, Buster, was erected on a plinth at the centre. He also adopted a dog from the home; a Jack Russell–Chihuahua cross named Eddy. Through the series he developed a friendship with actor Tom Hardy, who appeared in one episode.

In April 2012, O'Grady appeared on The One and Only Des O'Connor, a one-off special for ITV which looked back on the life of Des O'Connor. In October 2012, the third volume of his memoirs, Still Standing: The Savage Years, was released.
In 2012, O'Grady also revived his Lily Savage character for a cameo in Paul O'Grady's Little Cracker, a Christmas short story. He later expressed criticism of the show RuPaul's Drag Race and the contemporary drag performers on it, stating: "It's all about shading and contouring your face now and being like supermodels [...] This new brigade who just parade around going, sashay, shantay—that's not drag to me", lacking the comedic element common to drag queens of his generation.

In July 2013, O'Grady narrated the ITV documentary Me and My Guide Dog following the work of Guide Dogs. In April 2013, O'Grady presented a documentary about burlesque performer Gypsy Rose Lee as part of ITV's Perspectives series. That month, he also presented ITV's British Animal Honours award ceremony.

In 2013, ITV revived The Paul O'Grady Show. In November, O'Grady suffered an angina attack and underwent further heart surgery.

In 2013, O'Grady guest starred as cancer patient Tim Connor in three episodes of the BBC medical drama Holby City. On 31 October 2013, O'Grady recorded a non-broadcast pilot for a BBC One sitcom called Led Astray, starring alongside Cilla Black. The show was not commissioned for a full series due to the pair's busy schedules. In 2013, O'Grady presented two-part BBC documentary series Paul O'Grady's Working Britain, which was nominated for a National Television Award in January 2014. On 16 October 2013, O'Grady presented The One and Only Cilla Black, a 90-minute ITV special celebrating Cilla Black's 50 years in show business. The show was later repeated shortly after Cilla Black's death in August 2015, with O'Grady presenting a short tribute to her to introduce the show.

The first series of Paul O'Grady's Animal Orphans screened in 2014, with O'Grady travelling to see wildlife in Africa; a second series followed in 2015 and a third in 2016. The first series averaged 3.29 million viewers whilst the second averaged 2.75 million. In 2014, he appeared in a Gogglebox special for Stand Up to Cancer. In December 2014, O'Grady appeared in ITV's documentary Rita & Me celebrating Barbara Knox's fifty years as the character Rita Tanner in Coronation Street.

In September 2015, O'Grady's fourth book Open the Cage, Murphy!: Further Savage Adventures was released. In 2015, O'Grady presented Bob Monkhouse: The Million Joke Man, a three-part factual series for Gold, exploring the life of comedian and presenter Bob Monkhouse. In December 2015, O'Grady appeared in Our Cilla, a one-off programme about the life of Cilla Black. 2016 saw O'Grady present Paul O'Grady: The Sally Army & Me, a documentary series on The Salvation Army for BBC One. That year, he also presented a Channel 4 documentary, Paul O'Grady's 100 Years of Movie Musicals, and another for ITV, Paul O'Grady's Favourite Fairy Tales. That same evening he appeared on ITV in Hilda Ogden's Last Ta-ra, which was a tribute to the late Coronation Street actress Jean Alexander.

In August 2017, O'Grady married Portasio in a ceremony at London's Goring Hotel, although the pair continued to live separately. That year also saw the screening of two-part ITV series Paul O'Grady: For the Love of Animals – India, and the three-part Channel 4 series Paul O'Grady's Hollywood, as well as a Channel 5 documentary about his life, The Paul O'Grady Story. It also saw the publication of O'Grady's fifth book, Paul O'Grady's Country Life. In 2017, Channel 5 revived the game show Blind Date with O'Grady as its presenter. The first series was watched by an average of 1.5 million viewers. A Christmas episode aired on 23 December 2017, before the second series aired from 30 December 2017. A third series was filmed in February 2018.

In 2020, O'Grady presented the six-part ITV series Paul O'Grady's Great British Escape, in which he visited sites across Kent. In September 2021, he began hosting Paul O'Grady's Saturday Night Line-Up.

In May 2023, O'Grady appeared alongside Paul Hollywood, King Charles and Queen Camilla, Sister Sister and Ricky Tomlinson in a pre-recorded segment for the opening of the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2023, which was hosted in Liverpool. This was O'Grady's final television work before his death.

Radio

In 2008 and 2009, O'Grady occasionally sat in for Elaine Paige on her BBC Radio 2 show Elaine Paige on Sunday. From April 2009, O'Grady presented his own two-hour long programme on BBC Radio 2 called Paul O'Grady on the Wireless which was broadcast on Sundays from 5 pm to 7 pm.

O'Grady was a guest on Kate Thornton's Paper Cuts in 2015. In September 2017, O'Grady presented a two-part documentary for BBC Radio 2 called The Story of the Light. The show saw O'Grady celebrate the 50th anniversary of Radio 2 by looking back at the BBC Light Programme that the channel replaced.

In August 2022, it was announced that O'Grady was resigning from BBC Radio 2 due to his unhappiness with having to share his slot with Rob Beckett. His final show aired that same month. On 21 November 2022, it was announced that O'Grady would join Boom Radio to present a show on Christmas Day, similar to the festive show he presented for Radio 2. Prior to his death, O'Grady had been due to present another special show on Easter Sunday before joining the station permanently in May 2023.

Charity work
O'Grady supported philanthropic causes for carers. From 2008 onwards, O'Grady was an ambassador for Save the Children.

In 2012, O'Grady became an ambassador for Battersea Dogs and Cats Home following his series For the Love of Dogs, which was filmed in the home. In 2013, he took part in the Pedigree Feeding Brighter Futures campaign with Amanda Holden, which aimed to give a million meals to rescue dogs nationwide.

In 2014, O'Grady co-starred in a Dementia Friends TV advertisement campaign to raise awareness about the disease.

In October 2015, following his work on Animal Orphans, O'Grady became a patron of Orangutan Appeal UK.

In September 2016, O'Grady was recognised for his work with animals when he won the award for Outstanding Contribution to Animal Welfare at the RSPCA's Animal Hero Awards.
As an unofficial ambassador for the county of Kent (where he lived for 20 years) and which he readily promoted (including an ITV series) he accepted the unpaid position of Deputy Lieutenant of Kent in 2022.

Personal life
In 1974, with his friend Diane Jansen, O'Grady had a daughter, Sharon. O'Grady's grandson, Abel, was born in December 2006, followed by a granddaughter in December 2009. From 1977 to 2005, he was in a marriage of convenience with a Portuguese woman, Teresa Fernandes, although he was not in an active relationship with her.

His long-term lover and business partner was Brendan Frank Murphy (4 March 1956 – 9 June 2005). In the fourth volume of his biography, he noted that he has "always had a penchant for the bad boys". In 2017 he married André Portasio.

Known to many friends as "Lily" or "Lil", O'Grady was known for having had many high-profile and celebrity friends, including politician Mo Mowlam, actresses Amanda Mealing and Barbara Windsor, comedian Brenda Gilhooly and singer Cilla Black.

O'Grady divided his time between his Central London flat and his rural Kentish farmhouse, where he grew organic fruit and vegetables and a variety of herbs, having a keen interest in herbalism. A lifelong animal lover, as a child O'Grady kept rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, mice, a ferret and a rat as pets; he commented that his mother thought him "a bit weird" as a result. At his farm, he owned sheep, pigs, goats, donkeys, ducks, chickens, geese, ferrets, bats, mice and dogs.

Two of O'Grady's pet dogs became well known to the British public through appearances on The Paul O'Grady Show. The first was a rescue dog, Buster Elvis Savage, a Shih Tzu/Bichon Frise cross. Buster was euthanised in November 2009 as a result of his cancer. O'Grady dedicated the second volume of his autobiography to Buster, describing him as "The greatest canine star since Lassie". A second dog, the Cairn Terrier Olga, also attracted attention. In 2013, it was revealed that she was undergoing chemotherapy due to cancer. Olga was euthanised in April 2018 after suffering from kidney failure.

In an interview with the Daily Mirror in 2006, O'Grady admitted that smoking forty cigarettes a day for several decades had contributed to his two heart attacks.

In 2013, O'Grady expressed his support for the Labour Party, championing Labour leader Ed Miliband as a better candidate for UK Prime Minister than Conservative incumbent David Cameron. He lambasted the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government then in power, describing them as "absolutely disgusting. They have no idea what the common working man and woman are doing. They are not in touch with the working-classes. They have led privileged lives– they've had public schools and have never been on the shop floor." He also praised Miliband's successor, Jeremy Corbyn.

In 2015, he told a reporter that despite his wealth, he still felt "very much" working-class; "I know that probably sounds strange. Mentally, I still am. I'm still thinking, have I got the rent for Friday?" Raised as a Roman Catholic, in his autobiography he related having "grown out of Catholicism" after his mother's death, but had "always been interested in alternative religions", citing a particular interest in Wicca. He also reported seeing unexplained lights over his Kent home, considering the possibility that he was being observed by extraterrestrials.

Death
O'Grady died "unexpectedly but peacefully" at his home in Kent on 28 March 2023, at age 67, from sudden cardiac arrhythmia. His death was announced by his husband, André Portasio, and tributes poured in from global figures and celebrities, including from Queen Camilla, television presenter Lorraine Kelly and LGBT rights campaigner Peter Tatchell. O'Grady has been hailed by many as a national treasure. O'Grady's final performance was as Miss Hannigan in Annie at the Edinburgh Playhouse just days before his death. His funeral was held at the Church of St Rumwold, Bonnington, Kent, on 20 April 2023.

Filmography

Recognitions

Awards and nominations

Honorary Doctorates
In 2005, Liverpool John Moores University awarded O'Grady an honorary fellowship for services to entertainment, and in 2010, he received an honorary Doctor of Arts from De Montfort University in Leicester in recognition of his outstanding contribution to television, radio and the stage.

Other
In September 2016, O'Grady was recognised for his work with animals when he won the award for Outstanding Contribution to Animal Welfare at the RSPCA's Animal Hero Awards.

In October 2023, Battersea Dogs & Cats Home announced that they would be naming a new veterinary hospital after O'Grady, and a "tribute fund" set up in his honour would go towards "life-saving and transformative medical procedures" for dogs and cats which need specialist care and treatment.

References

Footnotes

Sources

External links

1955 births
2023 deaths
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
21st-century English male writers
BBC Radio 2 presenters
Best Entertainment Performance BAFTA Award (television) winners
English autobiographers
English businesspeople
English drag queens
English game show hosts
English male non-fiction writers
English male television actors
English people of Irish descent
English radio DJs
English socialists
English television personalities
English television presenters
English television producers
English television talk show hosts
English gay actors
English gay writers
Labour Party (UK) people
English LGBT comedians
English LGBT broadcasters
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Gay comedians
Gay businessmen
LGBT DJs
Male actors from Merseyside
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Pantomime dames
People from Birkenhead
20th-century English LGBT people
21st-century English LGBT people
English male comedians
Deputy Lieutenants of Kent
Place of death missing
Television personalities from Kent

Paul O'Grady


Johannes Vetter () este un aruncător de suliță german. El a câștigat aurul la Campionatul Mondial de Atletism din 2017 și se clasează al doilea în clasamentul tuturor timpurilor cu cea mai bună aruncare personală de 97,76 m.

Palmares

Cele mai bune rezultate în an
2011 – 71,60 m
2012 – 61,39 m
2013 – 83,73 m
2014 – 79,75 m
2015 – 85,40 m
2016 – 89,57 m
2017 – 94,44 m
2018 – 92,70 m
2019 – 90,03 m
2020 – 97,76 m

Note

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Nașteri în 1993
Atleți olimpici germani
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Johannes Vetter


USS Elliot (DD-967) was a  in the United States Navy. Built by the Ingalls Shipbuilding Division of Litton Industries at Pascagoula, Mississippi, the ship was named for Lieutenant Commander Arthur J. Elliot II, USN (1933–1968), who as commanding officer of Patrol Boat River Squadron 57, was killed in action in the Republic of Vietnam on 29 December 1968.

1977 – 1981

Elliot got underway on 24 January 1977 for her maiden voyage, transiting from Pascagoula, Mississippi, to San Diego, California, via the Panama Canal. She was assigned to the U.S. Pacific Fleet as a unit of Destroyer Squadron 9 (DesRon 9), under the administrative control of Commander, Cruiser Destroyer Group Five and Commander, Naval Surface Forces Pacific. After arrival, Elliot conducted five weeks of shakedown training and participated in a combat exercise. Following these evolutions, she returned to her builders for a post shakedown yard availability.

After leaving the yard, Elliot sailed to Rockland, Maine arriving on 25 August. Neighboring Thomaston was the hometown of the sailor for whom the ship was named. During a four-day stay, the ship hosted several thousand guests and embarked 650 guests for a six-hour guest cruise. On 24 September Elliot reported to Long Beach Naval Shipyard for a six-month restricted yard availability during which her NATO Sea Sparrow and Harpoon missile systems were installed.

On 1 August 1978 Elliot shifted from the operational command of Destroyer Squadron Nine to Destroyer Squadron 31 (DesRon 31). Elliot departed for her first deployment, a seven-month Western Pacific tour, on 21 February 1979 as flagship of DesRon 31 in company with the aircraft carrier . On 31 March, Elliot departed Subic Bay, Philippines with Ranger, for operations in the Indian Ocean. Less than a week later, Elliot was transiting the Strait of Malacca in lead of Ranger when the carrier was involved in a collision with the oil tanker M/V Fortune resulting in the carrier having to return to Subic Bay for repairs. Elliot arrived in Diego Garcia on 12 April. Elliot then joined a battle group centered around  and participated in operations in the Gulf of Aden to maintain a U.S. military presence in the area. Elliot returned to Subic Bay on 15 June. Elliot was awarded the Navy Expeditionary Medal for Indian Ocean contingency operations. Elliot arrived back at her homeport from her first deployment on 9 September 1979. Also notable on this deployment was Elliot tailing Soviet carrier Minsk for five days of observation of operations.

Elliot began her second deployment in 1980. On 23 January 1981, Elliot suffered a main bearing casualty resulting in one of her gas turbine engines having to be replaced. This replacement was completed at Subic Bay in 2 days. On 21 April Elliot encountered the first of several refugee boats. Over the next eight days Elliot picked up 158 refugees for which the crew was awarded the Humanitarian Service Medal. Port visits on this deployment included stops in Hawaii, Guam, Korea, Thailand, Hong Kong, Philippines, Japan, and Singapore. She returned from this deployment on 23 May.

1981 – 1985

On 1 June 1981 Elliot was transferred to Destroyer Squadron 21. Elliot reported to Todd Pacific Shipyard in Seattle, Washington on 17 August for the first private sector overhaul ever conducted of a Spruance-class destroyer. Among other refurbishments and installations during this overhaul Elliot received an SLQ-32(V)2 electronic warfare system. Elliot completed overhaul on 30 April 1982. She returned to her homeport of NS San Diego on 21 May. On 1 July Elliot was reassigned from DesRon 21 to DesRon 17.

Elliot departed San Diego, California on 13 April 1983 for the third deployment of her career. Port visits on this deployment included stops in Hawaii, Philippines, Korea, Japan, Thailand, Guam and Hong Kong. On 31 July, a small boat was spotted by the forward lookout. A total of 68 Vietnamese refugees were subsequently rescued and were turned over to state officials in Subic Bay. Elliot was again awarded the Humanitarian Service Medal for her rescue operation. During August, Elliot endured being at sea through the combined forces of two typhoons, though no significant damage resulted. On 1 September, Elliot departed Sasebo, Japan on four hours' notice, to respond to the downing of KAL 007. Elliot steamed at  for

and arrived approximately 48 hours later, the first Allied ship on station. "Elliot" remained on scene until 14 September along with other units of Allied nations (U.S., Korea, Japan). During the tense days immediately after the downing, "Elliot" encountered some thirty-two Soviet ships in the SAS area, most of which were men-of-war. "Elliot" and all Soviet combatant ships were at a continuous state of General Quarters (Battle Stations), with deck weapons ready to fire. Elliot returned from her third deployment on 18 November 1983.

On 27 January 1984, Elliot conducted a safe weapons offload at the Seal Beach Naval Weapons Station. Shortly after departing this facility, Elliot struck a subsurface obstruction in the Seal Beach channel, causing some limited damage to the underwater hull and the starboard propeller. On 2 February, Elliot commenced a planned three-month selected repair availability (SRA) period in San Diego. On 30 April, Elliot proceeded to the Todd Shipyard facilities in San Pedro, California for repairs to her starboard propeller and sonar dome. In May, Elliot shifted operational command to Destroyer Squadron 5. In October, Elliot participated in Fleet Week '84 festivities with 18 other ships in San Francisco, California. Elliot hosted more than 10,000 visitors during this event.

1985 – 2003

On 10 July 1985, Elliot departed on her fourth deployment as part of the  battle group. Port visits on this deployment included stops in Hawaii, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Brunei, and Hong Kong. In mid-September Elliot was engaged in an exercise with Republic of Korea ships. During the exercise, Elliot rendered on-scene assistance to the  which was disabled during a collision with the merchant ship Kansas Getty. On 1 December Elliot departed Subic Bay in company with the  battle group for transit to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii arriving on 12 December. Elliot returned to her San Diego homeport on 21 December, ending her fourth deployment.

In May 1986 Elliot began a two-month selected repair availability which included installation of flight deck modifications necessary to support LAMPS Mk III helicopter operations. On 11 October Elliot arrived at San Francisco to participate in Fleet Week '87

festivities.

In January 1987, Elliot departed on her fifth deployment. Highlights off this deployment included operations in the Bering Strait.

Elliot received a major overhaul in the 1988 / 1989 time frame, receiving, among other things, VLS, Phalanx CIWS, new TACAN and an upgraded Sea Sparrow system including MK 23 TAS radar.

Elliot departed San Diego on 9 September 1989 to participate in PACEX-89, said to be the largest major naval exercise in the Pacific since the close of World War II.Elliot's course took it north to the Gulf of Alaska, then on to the Bering Sea, the northwest Pacific, East China Sea, and the Sea of Japan. Elliot made its sole port stop at Sasebo, Japan before returning home on 9 November 1989. During PACEX-89, Elliot conducted joint operations with other units of the Pacific Fleet as well as elements of the Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force. Elliot and its battlegroup were also overflown by two Soviet TU-95 Bear D reconnaissance aircraft. Another highlight was the group photograph Elliot participated in as one of fifty ships gathered in formation.

Elliot departed San Diego for WestPac-90 on 1 February 1990 as part of the  Carrier Battlegroup "Charlie." Ports visited included Pearl Harbor, Hawaii; Pusan, Korea; Subic Bay, Philippines; Singapore; Pattaya Beach, Thailand; Diego Garcia, BIOT; Muscat, Oman; Fremantle; and Hong Kong. Elliot also participated in Team Spirit 1990 exercises with the South Korean military.

While transiting the South China Sea on 20 April 1990, Elliot rescued 35 Vietnamese refugees left adrift in a derelict boat and claiming to be the victims of pirates. Elliot's captain, CDR Timothy LaFleur, made the determination to embark the refugees and scuttle their boat. After the refugees were fed and clothed (many in clothes donated by crewmembers), Elliot turned them over to a representative of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees in Singapore on 21 April.

Elliot returned from deployment on 1 August 1990, one day before Iraq invaded Kuwait. Elliot then entered the NASSCO yards on 9 September 1990 and remained there until 17 December, thus spending the majority of the Persian Gulf War on the sidelines.

Elliot deployed for WestPac-91 on 31 July 1991 with COMDESRON 17 embarked. Port visits were made to Pearl Harbor; Subic Bay; Phuket, Thailand; Bahrain; Oman; Abu Dhabi, UAE; and Hong Kong. On 21 October, while deployed off the coast of Kuwait, Elliot was alerted by the French DGSE ship Le Berry to the presence of a drifting Iraqi LUGM-145 mine approximately 12 nm offshore from Kuwait's Mina Al-Ahmadi port. Explosive Ordnance Disposal Mobile Unit One, Detachment 31 team members were flown in from Bahrain. With the assistance of Elliot's air detachment the mine was safely detonated, resulting in a plume of water hundreds of feet tall. Elliot spent the Christmas holiday in Hong Kong before returning to San Diego on 20 January 1992.

Elliot reported to Southwest Marine Shipyard, San Diego in May 1992 for a yard period where she remained until August. On 16 November Elliot departed San Diego for a five-week counter narcotics cruise. This cruise included a port stop in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. Elliot returned from this cruise on 21 December.

In June 1993, Elliot arrived in Portland, Oregon for the Portland Rose Festival. On 9 July Elliot departed San Diego for her next deployment. Port visits on this deployment included Hawaii, Guam, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Diego Garcia, Australia, and Fiji. By late August, Elliot was operating off the coast of Iran. Elliot continued operating in this region into November, serving as anti-air warfare commander and Persian Gulf force over-the-horizon track coordinator for portions of this time period. She also frequently conducted contingency strike operations exercises. During these operations, Elliot participated in boardings of merchant vessels in support of United Nations Security Council resolutions.

[1993-2003]

Elliot operated out of San Diego, California until she was decommissioned on 2 December 2003.

The decommissioned Elliot and  were sunk off the eastern coast of Australia as part of Exercise Talisman Sabre, Elliot on 22 June 2005 and William H. Standley on 23 June 2005. Elliot is now resting at a depth of 4,551 fathoms ( in the Coral Sea, located at , or roughly  east of Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia.

Awards
 Navy Unit Commendation – (Aug 1998)
 Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation – (Sep 1983, Sep 1989 – Jul 1990, Dec 1992 – May 1993, Jan 1999 – Sep 2001)
 Battle "E" – (1979, 1981, 1992, 1993)
 Navy Expeditionary Medal – (Apr–Jun 1979)
 Southwest Asia Service Medal – (Sep–Dec 1991)
 Humanitarian Service Medal – (21–27 Apr 1981, 31 Jul 1983)

Gallery

References

External links

 navsource.org: USS Elliot
 united-states-navy.com: USS Elliot
 unofficial USS Elliot website
 Elliot decommissions article from Navy News
 c7f.navy.mil: Operation Talisman Sabre 2005
 militarynews.com: USS Elliot sunk by VFA-195 jets (pdf)

Spruance-class destroyers
Cold War destroyers of the United States
1974 ships
Ships sunk as targets

USS Elliot (DD-967)


Barrett Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Barrett Township (Kansas)
 Barrett Township (Pennsylvania)
 Barrett Township (Beadle County, South Dakota)
 Barrett Township (Perkins County, South Dakota)

Barrett Township


William Brian de Lacy Aherne (født 2. maj 1902, død 10. februar 1986) var en engelsk skuespiller af både teater og film, der fandt succes i Hollywood.

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra England
Personer fra Worcestershire
Briter i 1900-tallet
Oscar-nominerede skuespillere

Brian Aherne


Vedran Huđ (Varaždin, 26. lipnja 1990.), hrvatski reprezentativni rukometaš

Igrao u Varaždinu odnosno Varteksu, i u Ivancu, članu Prve B lige.  2011. zaigrao je za mađarski Veszprém. 2014. – 2017. igra za GRK Varaždin 1930.

S mladom reprezentacijom 2009. osvojio je zlato na svjetskom prvenstvu, na kojem je proglašen za najboljeg srednjeg vanjskog igrača.  Hrvatska mlada reprezentacija za taj uspjeh dobila je Nagradu Dražen Petrović.

Izvori

Hrvatski rukometaši

Vedran Huđ


An Octomeria ximenae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carlyle August Luer ngan Alexander Charles Hirtz. An Octomeria ximenae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Octomeria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Ecuador. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Octomeria

Octomeria ximenae


Liga a III-a 2016–17 a fost sezonul de 61 de Liga a III-a, al treilea nivel din sistemul de ligă de
fotbal român. Sezonul a început pe 2 septembrie 2016.

Modificari echipe

În Liga a III-a
 Arsenal Malu
 Avântul Valea Mărului
 Axiopolis Cernavodă
 Cetate Râșnov
 CS Șirineasa
 CSMȘ Reșița
 FC Bistrița
 FC Hermannstadt
 FCM Alexandria
 Flacăra Moreni
 Gloria Lunca Teuz Cermei
 Mureșul Vințu de Jos
 Petrolul Berca
 Recolta Dorolț
 Ripensia Timișoara
 Sportul Chiscani
 Viitorul Ulmeni

Din Liga a III-a
Retrogradate în Liga a IV-a
 Bucovina Rădăuți
 FC Zagon
 Cetatea Târgu Neamț
 Callatis Mangalia
 Inter Olt Slatina
 CSM Sighetu Marmației
 Luceafărul Bălan
Promovate în Liga a II-a
 Sepsi Sfântu Gheorghe
 Juventus București
 CS Afumați
 SS Politehnica Timișoara
 Luceafărul Oradea

Echipe salvate de la retrogradare
 Foresta Suceava,  Unirea Tărlungeni și  Metalul Reșița au fost cruțați de la retrogradarea in Liga a III-a din cauza lipsei de echipe în Liga a II-a.

Echipe excluse
La sfârșitul sezonului trecut,  Bucovina Pojorâta,  Dorohoi,  Caransebeș și Muscelul Câmpulung au fost dizolvate.  Oțelul Galați,  "U" Cluj și  Bihor Oradea,si Rapid Bucuresti de asemenea, au fost desfiintate, dar refondat în mijlocul lui 2016 și s-au înscris în Liga a IV-a, respectiv Liga a V-a.

 Farul Constanța a renunțat la Liga a II-a din cauza dificultăților financiare și s-a înscris în Liga a III-a, dar apoi au fost excluse, de asemenea, din Liga a III-a.

 Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț și  Gloria Buzău au fost retrogradat la Liga a V-a, deoarece echipele au fost excluse în sezonulLiga a II-a 2015-2016 .

CS Panciu și FC Hunedoara au fost excluse din Liga a III-a.

Măgura Cisnădie și Inter Dorohoi s-au retras din Liga a III-a.

Sporting Turnu Măgurele și  Minerul Motru din Liga a III-a isi  desfiinteaza echipele lor  seniori, dar rămân cu centrele lor de tineret.

CS Ineu se retrage din Liga a III-a și s-a înscris în Liga a IV-a din cauza dificultăților financiare.

 Unirea Tărlungeni a fost mutat din Tărlungeni in Ștefăneștii de Jos și a luat toți jucătorii și personalul din CS Ștefănești. CS Ștefănești a fost desfiintata.

 Metalul Reșița a fost mutat din Reșița in Snagov și a luat toți jucătorii și personalul de  Voința Snagov care a fost desfiintata.

 Argeș 1953 Pitești, CS Păulești, Mureșul Vințu de Jos, Petrolul Berca, Siretul Lespezi și Voința Ion Creangă au refuzat participarea la Liga a III-a din cauza lipsei de fonduri.

Alte echipe

 SC Bacău s-a retras din Liga a II-a din cauza dificultăților financiare și s-a înscris în Liga a III-a.

ACS Poli Timișoara,  ASA Târgu Mureș,  Astra Giurgiu, CS Mioveni,  Gaz Metan Mediaș,  Steaua București și  UTA Arad si-au înscris în Liga a III-a echipele lor de tineret.

 Unirea Alba Iulia a primit permisiunea să se înscrie în Liga a III-a, datorită rezultatelor excelente înregistrate în Campionatul de tineret.

Echipe redenumite

Petrotub Roman a fost redenumit ca  CSM Roman.

Clasamente

Seria I

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1 SC Bacău were deducted 60 points for unpaid debts.
2 Atletico Vaslui was excluded from the championship and lost all matches from the second part of the championship by forfeit.
3 The match between SC Bacau and Atletico Vaslui was declared double forfeit because SC Bacău used a suspended player at the time of the match and Atletico Vaslui was subsequently excluded.

Seria II

||rowspan=10|

1 Delta Dobrogea Tulcea a fost penalizata 2 de puncte pentru datoriile neplatite.
2 Arsenal Malu s-a retras din campionat în pauza de iarnă și a pierdut toate meciurile din retur la masa verde.

Seria III

||rowspan=10|

1 Delta Dobrogea Tulcea a fost penalizata 2 de puncte pentru datoriile neplatite.
2 Arsenal Malu s-a retras din campionat în pauza de iarnă și a pierdut toate meciurile din retur la masa verde.

Seria IV

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Seria V

||rowspan=10|

1 FC Bistrița a fost exclusă din campionat și a pierdut toate meciurile din retur la masa verde.<br /

Vezi și
 Liga I 2016-2017
 Liga a II-a 2016-2017
 Liga a IV-a 2016-2017
 Cupa României 2016-2017

Referințe

Liga a III-a

Liga a III-a 2016-2017


Japan > Kagoshima Prefecture > Kawanabe District

 was a district located in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district had an estimated population of 28,788 and a total area of 247.54 km2.

The day before the dissolution on November 30, 2007, the district had two towns:

On December 1, 2007, the towns of Chiran and Kawanabe, along with the town of Ei (from Ibusuki District), were merged to create the city of Minamikyūshū. Kawanabe District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

Traveling in Kawanabe
Prefecture road 16 is in front of Kawanabe high school.
It joins national highway 225.
Highway 225 continues straight to Kagoshima city.
It is about 53 km from Kawanabe.

Kawanabe High School
Kawanabe high school is located at the center of the city.
It has about 450 students.
Many of the students choose to enter university.
One of the characteristics of this school is the spirit of "Jingaryo".
"Jingaryo" is the name of the hill in the school.
Many school events are named after this spirit.
For example, at the school festival called "Jingaryo festival",students make some exhibitions related to school history.
Graduates are proud of this spirit well after they leave school.
Each year of graduates plants a tree and plaque to commemorate their time at Kawanabe.
In school there are some clubs and students are eager to do various activities.  For example, there is a symphonic band in the school.  It has about 50 members.  It got gold prizes 13 times continuously in Kagoshima prefectural contest. In 2010, saxophone four players got gold prize in an ensemble contest in Kagoshima.

Nature in Kawanabe
Kawanabe has great nature.
For example, a part of Kawabe, Kiyomizu, is famous for water and fireflies.
Many people come to Kawanabe to get this clear and refreshing water
In May, there are many fireflies. The scene is very fantastic.
And at night, we can see a clear, beautiful starry sky.
Kawanabe is also famous for agriculture.
There are many farms, fields, and rice fields. So food tastes good.
Chiran's(the town next to Kawanabe) green tea is famous too.
We can see the change of the seasons through this nature .
In spring there are many beautiful cherrytrees in Suwa park and Iwaya park, etc.

Life in Kawanabe
People in Kawanabe always separate garbage before they dump it, even what it is small.  For example, they separate combustible garbage, in combustible garbage, plastic garbage, empty cans and empty bottles.  So students in Kawanabe high school also separate garbage in their school days.  Also in Kawanabe, the bricks used to make the sidewalk are made from the ash of burned garbage.  Kawanabe is an environmentally friendly city.

Buddhism in Kawanabe
In the middle of the Kamakura period, family Buddhist altars became popular.  They are called 仏壇 (butsudan) in Japanese.  Early in the nineteenth century, these Buddhist altars the industry of making these altars started and became popular later. Today, it has become the base of Kawanabe Buddhist altar industry. Now there are many shops which sell Kawanabe Buddhist altars in Kawanabe.

Timeline
April 1, 1889 - Due to the municipal status enforcement, the villages of Kaseda, Nishikaseda, Higashikaseda, Higashinanpo, Nishinanpo, Katsume and Kawanabe were formed in Kawanabe District. (7 villages)
March 29, 1896 - The villages of Chiran (from Kiire District) was moved to Kawanabe District. (8 villages)
January 1, 1923 - The village of Nishikaseda was renamed to the village of Kasasa.
July 1, 1923 - The village of Higashinanpo(?) was elevated to town status and renamed to become the town of Makurazaki. (1 town, 7 villages)
October 13, 1923 - The village of Kawanabe was elevated to town status to become the town of Kawanabe. (2 towns, 6 villages)
January 1, 1924 - The village of Kaseda was elevated to town status to become the town of Kaseda.(3 towns, 5 villages)
January 1, 1925 - The village of Higashikaseda was elevated to town status and renamed to become the town of Bansei. (4 towns, 4 villages)
April 1, 1932 - The village of Chiran was elevated to town status to become the town of Chiran. (5 towns, 3 villages)
October 10, 1940 - The village of Kasasa was elevated to town status to become the town of Kasasa. (6 towns, 2 villages)
September 1, 1949 - The town of Makurazaki was elevated to city status to become the city of Makurazaki. (5 towns, 2 villages)
April 1, 1951 - The village of Ōura was broken off from the town of Kasasa. (5 towns, 3 villages)
October 15, 1953 - The village of Nishinanpo(?) was renamed to the village of Bonotsu.
July 15, 1954 - The towns of Kaseda and Bansei were merged to create the city of Kaseda. (3 towns, 3 villages)
November 1, 1955 - The village of Bonotsu was elevated to town status to become the town of Bonotsu.(4 towns, 2 villages)
September 1, 1956 - The town of Kawanabe, and the village of Katsume were merged to create the town of Kawanabe. (4 towns, 1 village)
November 1, 1961 - The village of Ōura was elevated to town status to become the town of Ōura.(5 towns)
November 7, 2005 - The towns of Bonotsu, Kasasa and  Ōura, along with the city of Kaseda, and the town of Kinpō (from Hioki District) were merged to create the city of Minamisatsuma. (2 towns)
December 1, 2007 - The towns of Chiran and Kawanabe, along with the town of Ei (from Ibusuki District), were merged to create the city of Minamikyūshū. Kawanabe District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

See also
 Kawabe District, Akita
 Kawabe District, Hyōgo

Kawanabe
District Kawanabe

Kawanabe District, Kagoshima