Evrensel,  7 Haziran 1995 tarihinden bu yana Türkiye'de günlük yayımlanan bir gazetedir.

Gazete kendisini "işçi sınıfının sömürüsüz, sınıfsız bir toplum, sosyalizm davasının bir aracı" olarak nitelendirmektedir. Yayın çizgisi gereği işçilerin, emekçilerin, fabrikalardan, atölyelerden kendi yazdığı haber ve mektupların yayımlandığı bir gazetedir.

Haftalık ekleri
Her ay kitap eki, iki haftada bir Çarşamba günleri "Genç Hayat" adıyla gençlik eki, kent ekleri, her ayın ilk cumartesi günü "Ekmek ve Gül" adıyla kadın eki, her pazar günü ise "Evrensel Pazar" adıyla çeşitli ekler yayımlamaktadır.

Genç Hayat
iki haftada bir çarşamba günleri Evrensel gazetesine ek olarak yayımlanan ve sadece gençlerin yazılarının kabul edildiği dergidir. 24 sayfadan oluşan derginin ilk sayfasını kapak, ikinci sayfasını sunuş ve içindekiler, üçüncü sayfasını rota oluşturmakla birlikte son sayfasında genellikle bilimsel bir yazı; kitap/film önerisi ya da müzik listesine yer verir. 15 yıldan uzun süredir yayın hayatına devam etmektedir.

Tarihi

İlk sayısı 7 Haziran 1995 yılında "İşte Türkiye Gerçeği" manşeti ile çıktı. Kurucu genel yayın müdürü Celal Başlangıç idi. İlk sayının ilk sayfasını gazete kadrosunda yer almayan Ümit Kıvanç hazırladı. Gazetenin ilk sayfa çizeri olan İsmail Gülgeç'in çizdiği  "Entelektüel Ayı" adlı karikatürü manşeti tamamladı. Karikatürde  koltuğa gömülmüş, keyifle piposunu tüttüren bir ayı, "Çok mutluyum be! Bizi hayvanlar yönetiyor... " diyordu. Gazete, bu karikatür nedeniyle ilk sayısından itibaren ceza aldı.

Gazete, 1999 ve 2000 yıllarında çeşitli kapatma davalarına maruz kaldı. Abdullah Öcalan'ın Türkiye'ye getirilmesini izleyen süreçte "Barış talebine idam" manşeti atan gazete dönemin mahkemeleri tarafından kapatıldı, ardından Yeni Evrensel adıyla tekrar kuruldu. Bu dönemde Kürt sorunu ile ilgili yazılar sebebiyle gazeteye 7 ile 10 gün arasında değişen birçok kapatma cezası verilmiştir.

 8 Ocak 1996 tarihinde cezaevinde öldürülen iki tutuklunun cenaze töreninin haberini yaparken, polislerce toplu halde gözaltına alınan bin kişinin arasında yer alan ve gözaltı sırasında polislerce dövülerek öldürülen gazeteci Metin Göktepe bu gazetenin muhabiridir. Metin Göktepe üzerine şair Can Yücel başta olmak üzere birçok şair, şiir yazılmıştır. Sanatçı Ferhat Tunç da Göktepe anısına "Metin'e Ağıt" adlı bir beste yapılmıştır.
7 Haziran 2020'de çeşitli oyuncuların, müzisyenlerin, yazarların, siyasetçilerin ve okurların katılımıyla gazetenin 25. yılını pandeminin etkisiyle çevrimiçi bir etkinlikle kutladı.

Yayın politikası
 Yayın politikası gereği ülkenin birçok yerinden işçiler, emekçiler gazeteye mektuplar, haberler yazarak kendi sorunlarını dile getirmektedir.
 Türkiye'deki sorunlara sosyalist bir bakış açısı ile yorum getiren gazete, egemen sınıf olarak tanımladığı zümrenin yüksek tirajlı diğer günlük gazetelerinden farklı olarak işçi-sendika sorunları gibi konulara ağırlık vermektedir. Evrensel gazetesi, kendisini burjuva gazetelerinden ayırarak "İşçinin, köylünün, emeğin ve tüm ezilenlerin gazetesi" olduğunu söylemektedir. Dünyadaki sorunların ancak işçi sınıfının birliği ile çözülebileceğini, üreten sınıfın emek gücünü kullanarak tüm baskı mekanizmalarını bozma yoluyla dünyaya barış getirebileceğini savunan Marksist-Leninist görüşlere sahiptir.
 Gazete, Türkiye'deki Kürt sorununa Lenin'in ünlü "Ulusların Kendi Kaderini Tayin Hakkı" eserini referans alarak self determinasyon ilkesi açısından bakmakta, ulusal mücadelenin sınıf mücadelesi ile paralel bir şekilde bulunması gerektiğine ve bunun da bir demokrasi mücadelesi olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.

Kadro
Yazarlar
 A. Cihan Soylu (MERCEK)
 Adnan Gümüş (ÇUKUR/OVA)
 Ahmet Say (Yörüngemiz)
 Ahmet Yaşaroğlu (DURUM)
 Ali Kenanoğlu (Dil Bizden)
 Arif Nacaroğlu (HAYATIN İÇİNDEN)
 Aydın Çubukçu (YEDİ İKLİM DÖRT BUCAK)
 Ayhan Bilgen (Hayat Yazıları)
 Berken Bereh (HELBESTGEH)
 Bülent Falakaoğlu (BAŞAK)
 C. Hakkı Zariç (Pazar Masalı)
 Çağdaş Günerbüyük (Çıkan Kısmın Özeti)
 Cem Kirazoğlu (Göründüğü Gibi Değil)
 Cengiz Bektaş (Yaşama Kültürü)
 Ceren Sözeri (Medya Tarafı)
 Cihan Arslan (Kuzey Tarafı)
 Dağhan Irak (Antimedya Gazete)
 Devrim Avcı (HUKUK KÖŞESİ)
 Dr. Murat Özveri (Adaletin İş Yüzü)
 Ender İmrek (YENİGÜN)
 Erdem Aksakal (Deniz Tarafındaki Kale)
 Erkan Aydoğanoğlu (GÖZLEM)
 Erol Aral (Harfiyat)
 Ertuğrul Ünlütürk (KUŞATILAN ÇEVREMİZ)
 Esra Arsan (Medya Gözcüsü)
 Fatih Polat (UFUK)
 Fehim Işık (HEVRA)
 Gülsüm Cengiz (Yaşamın Yedi Rengi Var)
 Günseli Bayram (MİKROSKOP)
 Hüsnü Öndül (ÖZGÜRLÜKLER)
 i. Sabri Durmaz (GERÇEK)
 İhsan Çaralan (HABERİN İÇİNDEN)
 İlker Aktütün (TOPRAK SAHA)
 İrfan Açıkgöz (BARIŞA DOĞRU)
 İsmail Gökhan Bayram (ABAKÜS)
 İzzettin Önder (EKONOMİ VE POLİTİKA)
 Kamil Tekin Sürek (GÜNCEL)
 M. Sinan Birdal (DIŞ MİHRAK)
 Mahmut Toğrul (DİYARBAKIŞ)
 Mehmet Özyazanlar (Çizgi Dışı)
 Mehmet Said Aydın (PERVAZ)
 Mesut Kara (SİNE - MASAL)
 Metin Boran (RAMP IŞIKLARI)
 Mıgırdiç Margosyan (KİRVEME MEKTUPLAR)
 Mithat Fabian Sözmen (ENSTANTANE)
 Mumia Abu Jamal (ÖZGÜRLÜK YOLU)
 Murat Birdal (YENİ DÜNYA)
 Mustafa Kara (TEFERRUAT)
 Mustafa Köz (BOŞ DERS)
 Mustafa Kuleli (MEDYATİK)
 Mustafa Yalçıner (EVRİM/DEVRİM)
 Nail Güreli (İNSANA VE İNSANLARA DAİR)
 Nilay Etiler (GÜNEBAKAN)
 Nilgün Tunçcan Ongan (MAVİDAR ZAMANLAR)
 Nuray Sancar (MİNERVANIN BAYKUŞU)
 Özcan Yaman (KADRAJ)
 Özgür Müftüoğlu (ÖZGÜRCE)
 Ragıp Zarakolu (ALBATROS)
 Şebnem Korur Fincancı (BAYKUŞ)
 Sennur Sezer (MAKSAT MUHABBET)
 Serdar M. Değirmencioğlu (BENİMDE SESİM VAR)
 Sevda Karaca (NAR)
 Sinan Alçın (EKONOMİK PERSPEKTİF)
 Suncem Koçer (SAHA NOTLARI)
 Turgay Olcayto (GERÇEĞİN GÖZÜYLE)
 Üstün Akmen (GÖZLEMEVİ)
 Vedat İlbeyoğlu (NOT)
 Volkan Çağlayan (NAKARAT)
 Yaşar Atan (ZEUS SUNAĞI)
 Yücel Özdemir (AVRUPA GERÇEĞİ)
 Yücel Sayman (ÖZGÜRLÜK)
 Yusuf Karataş (PÊŞEROJ)
 Zeki Gül (UZUN MESAFE)

Çizerler
 Sefer Selvi

Ödüller
 Sosyal Demokrasi Vakfı İnsan Hakları Demokrasi Barış ve Dayanışma Ödülü (2014)

Ayrıca bakınız
 Metin Göktepe
 Namık Tarancı
 Mustafa Yalçıner

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Evrensel Gazetesi
 Evrensel Facebook
 Evrensel Twitter

Türkiye gazeteleri
Türkçe gazeteler
İstanbul gazeteleri
1995'te kurulan gazeteler
Sosyalist yayınlar
Komünist gazeteler
Türkiye'de yayımlanan günlük gazeteler

Evrensel (gazete)


An Ascolepis in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Ascolepis in nahilalakip ha familia nga Cyperaceae.

An kladograma hini sumala ha Catalogue of Life:

Mga kasarigan

Ascolepis

Ascolepis


Tetsuya Okubo (født 9. marts 1980) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Thespakusatsu Gunma.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Tetsuya Okubo


Porte des Lilas () is a station of the Paris Métro. It serves line 11 and is the northern terminus of line 3bis. Located on the edge of the 19th and 20th arrondissements of Paris, it serves the neighborhood of the Porte des Lilas. The station is named after the nearby Porte des Lilas, a gate in the nineteenth century Thiers Wall of Paris, which led to the town of Les Lilas.

The station was referred to in Serge Gainsbourg's famous 1958 chanson "Le poinçonneur des Lilas about the ennui of a Métro employee's workday. A Scopitone music video for the song was filmed in Porte des Lilas, showing the singer in a Métro uniform, punching tickets.

Until January 2021 when line 14 was extended to Porte de Clichy, Porte des Lilas was the only station at one of the gates of Paris to be served by two separate métro lines.

History
The station was opened on 27 November 1921 when line 3 was extended from Gambetta to Porte des Lilas, serving as its eastern terminus. It was originally planned to operate services through to Pré-Saint-Gervais on the then line 7, hence, two separate stations were built – one before the reversal loop (the station used today) and another along the tracks leading to Pré-Saint-Gervais (Porte des Lilas - Cinéma). This plan, however, did not materialise and only a shuttle service operated between the station and Pré-Saint-Gervais via a tunnel called voie navette until 2 September 1939 when it was stopped due to the onset of World War II.

The line 11 platforms opened as part of the original section of the line from Châtelet to Porte des Lilas on 28 April 1935 and was its eastern terminus until it was extended to Mairie des Lilas on 17 February 1937. On 27 March 1971, the line 3 platforms were transferred to line 3bis on its establishment.

As part of modernization works for the extension of line 11 to Rosny-Bois-Perrier in 2023 for the Grand Paris Express, an additional entrance will be added at rue des Glaïeuls and will be equipped with escalators. Entrance 2 will also be retrofitted with a lift to make the station accessible to those with reduced mobility. From 26 June 2021 to 29 August 2021, the station acted as line 11's eastern terminus when its original terminus, Mairie des Lilas, was closed for renovations.

In 2019, the station was used by 3,439,385 passengers, making it the 143rd busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 2,021,179 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 120th busiest of the Métro network out of 305 stations.

Passenger services

Access

The station has 5 entrances:

 Entrance 1: avenue Gambetta (original surface building designed by Charles Plumet, similar to the ones at Pelleport and Saint-Fargeau on line 3bis)
 Entrance 2: boulevard Mortier
 Entrance 3: rue de Belleville
 Entrance 4: boulevard Sérurier
 Entrance 5: square du Dr. Variot

A sixth entrance used to exist at the corner of avenue Gambetta and rue des tourelles, in front of the Piscine des Tourelles, then known as Stade Nautique. It was removed during its reconstruction in 1989.

Station layout

Platforms

Line 3bis
It has a standard configuration with 2 tracks surrounded by 2 side platforms.

Line 11
It has a particular configuration specific to the stations serving or had served as a terminus. It has 2 half-stations – the one towards Mairie des Lilas consisting of a side platform and a single track and the one towards Châtelet consisting of an island platform with two tracks flanking it. The platform towards Châtelet contains a few mosaics on the walls – a portrait of Georges Brassens and two mosaics of lilies.

Porte des Lilas - Cinéma

It also has a standard configuration with 2 tracks surrounded by 2 side platforms, with one track made for steel-wheeled trains (leading to voie des fêtes) and another for rubber-tyred trains (leading to voie Navette). Access to these platforms are usually restricted.

The disused station has been repurposed as a set for commercials and films to avoid disrupting commercial services on the network, hence the nickname, cinéma.

Porte des Lilas - Cinéma was featured in a brief scene in Julie & Julia; in the French film The Past with the station panels and signs adapted for each film; and in John Wick: Chapter 4. An average of 5 films are shot per year and a day of filming costs between 15,000 and 18,000 euros, bringing over 200,000 euros in revenue each year.

Other connections
Since 15 December 2012, the station has been served by tramway T3b. It is also served by lines 20, 48, 61, 64, 96, 105, 115, 129, 170, and 249 of the RATP bus network, and at night, by lines N12 and N23 of the Noctilien bus network.

Nearby

 Caserne des Tourelles (headquarters of the DGSE)
 Cirque Électrique
 Cinéma CGR Paris-Lilas
 Hôpital Robert-Debré
 Paris Archives
 Piscine Georges-Vallerey
 Square du Docteur-Variot

Gallery

References

External links

Paris Métro line 3bis
Paris Métro line 11
Paris Métro stations in the 19th arrondissement of Paris
Paris Métro stations in the 20th arrondissement of Paris
Railway stations in France opened in 1921
Art Deco architecture in France

Porte des Lilas station


ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පරිපාලනය ස්ථර පහක් දක්වා විමධ්‍ය ගතකොට ඇත

 පළාත්
 පරිපාලන දිස්ත්‍රික්ක
 ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාස
 වසම්
 ග්‍රාම නිලධාරී කොට්ඨාස (තුලාන)

භාහිර සබැඳි

ශ්‍රී ලංකාව
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ උප බෙදීම් ලැයිස්තු
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පරිපාලන ඒකක

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පරිපාලන ඒකක


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 Ban Zhao, Çinli ilk kadın tarihçi (ö. 116)
 Publius Papinius Statius, Romalı şair (ö. 96)

Ölümler
 Pomponius Mela, Romalı coğrafyacı

als:40er#45

45


Skydancer je prvi studijski album švedskog sastava melodičnog death metala Dark Tranquillity. Objavljen je 30. kolovoza 1993. godine. Jedini je studijski album na kojem pjeva Anders Fridén, a gitaru svira Mikael Stanne. Album je ponovno objavljen 1999. godine s EP-om Of Chaos and Eternal Night kao kompilacija Skydancer/Of Chaos and Eternal Night. Godine 2013. objavljena je remasterirana inačica albuma.

O albumu
Godine 1993., nakon objave demoalbuma i jednog EP-a, sastav je počeo snimati prvi studijski album. Snimanje je počelo u svibnju u studiju Soundscape u Göteborgu. Niklas Sundin, gitarist skupine, izjavio je da su se članovi Dark Tranquillityja dobro pripremili za snimanje albuma, ali da je snimanje ipak bilo stresno; sastav je imao dovoljno novca tek za deset dana snimanja i masteriranja. Snimanje je dovršeno u lipnju iste godine.

Sundin je stil albuma nazvao "jedinstvenim" zbog svoje "neobičnosti i ekscentričnosti" te je dodao da zato smatra "da nije revolucionaran uradak koliko je djelo na koje se treba priviknuti".

Također je primijetio da album nije pravilno remasteriran na izdanju iz 2000. godine i da će zato izdanje za 20. obljetnicu biti masterirano kako treba.

Skydancer je posljednji album sastava snimljen s izvornim pjevačem Andersom Fridénom, koji je izbačen iz sastava 1993. godine i potom se pridružio skupini In Flames. Nakon što je Fridén napustio sastav, ritam-gitarist Mikael Stanne postao je pjevač, a drugi je gitarist postao Fredrik Johansson.

Popis pjesama

Zasluge

Dark Tranquillity
 Anders Fridén – vokali
 Niklas Sundin – gitara
 Mikael Stanne – ritam gitara, dodatni vokal
 Martin Henriksson – bas-gitara, akustična gitara
 Anders Jivarp – bubnjevi

Dodatni glazbenici
 Anna-Kajsa Avehall – dodatni vokal (na pjesme "A Bolt of Blazing Gold" i "Through Ebony Archways")
Ostalo osoblje
 Stefan Lindgren – dodatni vokal (na pjesme "In Tears Bevared" i "Shadow Duet"), inženjer zvuka
 Dragan Tanascovic – inženjer zvuka
 Kenneth Johansson – grafički dizajn, fotografije
 Katarina Rydberg – fotografije

Izvori

Albumi sastava Dark Tranquillity
Albumi iz 1993.

Skydancer


Cabinetul este un corp de funcționari de stat de rang înalt, care constă, în general, din conducătorii ramurii executive. Cel mai adesea aceștia sunt numiți miniștri (drept care cabinetul mai este numit și Consiliu de miniștri), dar în anumite jurisdicții sunt numiți secretari. Funcția unui cabinet variază: în unele țări este un organism colegial de decizie cu responsabilitate colectivă, în timp ce în altele acesta poate funcționa fie ca un organism pur consultativ, fie ca o instituție care asistă la decizia unui șef de stat sau șef al guvernului. Cabinetele sunt, de obicei, organul responsabil cu gestionarea zilnică a guvernului și cu răspunsul la evenimente bruște, în timp ce sucursalele legislative și judiciare funcționează într-un ritm măsurat, în sesiuni în conformitate cu proceduri îndelungate.

Funcții
Fiecare stat la nivel legislativ atribuie anumite funcții Cabinetului de Miniștri. În același timp, este posibil să se identifice principalele funcții inerente întregului organism executiv superior, această reglementare a relațiilor în domeniile:
 politica externă;
 politica internă;
 securitatea națională;
 apărarea națională și politica militară;
 politica economică;
 politica socială.

Originea cabinetelor
În Regatul Unit și în coloniile sale, cabinetele au început să fie subgrupe mai mici ale Consiliului Privat al Angliei. Termenul provine de la numele unei camere relativ mici și private folosite ca studiu sau retragere. Expresii, cum ar fi "consilierul cabinetului", adică consiliere oferită în mod privat monarhului, apar de la sfârșitul secolului al XVI-lea și, având în vedere ortografia nestandardizată a zilei, este adesea dificil să se facă distincția dacă "consiliul" sau "sfatul" se înțelege.

Oxford English Dictionary îl acordă pe Francis Bacon în eseurile sale (1605) cu prima utilizare a "Cabinetului consiliului", unde este descris ca un obicei străin, despre care dezaprobă: "Pentru care inconveniente, doctrina Italiei și practica Franța, în vremurile unor regii, a introdus consiliere în cabinet, un remediu mai rău decât boala."

Charles I a început un consiliu oficial de cabinet de la aderarea sa în 1625, deoarece Consiliul său Privat sau "consiliu privat" nu era în mod evident destul de privat, iar prima înregistrare a "cabinetului" în sine pentru un astfel de organism vine din 1644 , și este din nou ostilă și asociază termenul cu practici străine dubioase. Procesul sa repetat în ultima vreme, deoarece liderii au simțit nevoia de a avea un Cabinet de Bucătărie sau un "guvern de canapele".

Sistemul comunist
Statele comuniste pot fi conduse de facto de către Birou politic (Politbiro), cum ar fi Birou Politic al Partidului Comunist al Uniunii Sovietice. Acesta este un organ al Partidului Comunist și nu un organ de stat, dar, datorită unei guvernări unice, statul și cabinetul său (de exemplu Guvernul Uniunii Sovietice) sunt, în practică, subordonate Biroului Politic. Din punct de vedere tehnic, un Birou Politic este supravegheat și membrii săi aleși de Comitetul Central, însă în practică era adesea invers: membri puternici ai Biroului Politic ar asigura sprijinul lor în cadrul Comitetului Central prin patronaj. În China, puterea politică a fost mai mult centralizată într-o comisie permanentă a Politburo.

Note

Instituții guvernamentale

Cabinet (guvernământ)


එක්සත් ජනපදයෙහි ජනාධිපතිවරයා ලෙසින් තෝරා ගන්නා ලද , ඇමරිකානු ව්‍යාපාරික ඩොනල්ඩ් ට්‍රම්ප් වෙත, 1980 ගණන් වල සිට අඩුම වශයෙන් කාන්තාවන් පසළොස් දෙනෙකු වෙතින් හෝ,  ලිංගික හිරිහැර කිරීම සහ ලිංගික අඩන්තේට්ටම් කිරීම චෝදනා එල්ලවී ඇත. මාධ්‍ය නැඹුරුව, කුමන්ත්‍රණ, සහ දේශපාලනමය මඩ ගැසීමේ මෙහෙයුමක ගොදුරු බවට ඔහු පත්වී ඇති බව පවසමින් ට්‍රම්ප් විසින් මෙම චෝදනා ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කෙරිණි. තමන් විසින් ඔවුන් ලිංගික හිරිහැර කිරීම් වලට හෝ ලිංගික අඩන්තේට්ටම් කිරීම වලට හෝ ලක් කල බවට ඉදිරිපත්වී චෝදනා ඉදිරිපත් කරන සියළු කාන්තාවන්ට එරෙහි අධිකරණමය ක්‍රියාමාර්ග ගන්නා බවට ට්‍රම්ප් විසින් ප්‍රසිද්ධ ප්‍රකාශ නිකුත් කර ඇත.

මෙම චෝදනා වලින් කිහිපයක්, ට්‍රම්ප්ගේ ජනාධිපතිධූරාපේක්ෂිකත්වයට පූර්වගමනය ලෙසින් සිදු විය; බොහෝමයක් මැතිවරණ මෙහෙයුම තුලදී ඉස්මතු වූ අතර, විශේෂයෙන්ම 2016 ඔක්තොම්බර් 9 දිනදී  ඩිමොක්‍රටික් පක්ෂයෙහි අපේක්ෂිකා හිලරි ක්ලින්ටන් හා සමගින් පැවති ඔහුගේ දෙවන විවාදයෙන් පසුව ඉස්මතු විය. "යෝනිමුඛය වෙතින්" බලහත්කාරයෙන් ඇල්ලීම ඇතුළු කාන්තාවන් සිපගැනීම සහ ලිංගික ලෙසින් අතපතගෑම පිළිබඳව ට්‍රම්ප් විසින් පුරසාරම් දොඩන ලද 2005 පටිගතකිරීම  පිටතට කාන්දුවීමෙන් පසුව එම විවාදය දින දෙකක් පුරා පැවැතියේය; ඔහු විසින් පවසා තිබුණේ ඔහු කීර්තිමත් පුද්ගලයෙක් බැවින්, "ඔවුන් විසින් එවැනි දේ සිදුකිරීමට ඉඩ සලසන බව" සහ "මම එයට මෙහොතක් හෝ පැකිලෙන්නේ නොමැති බවයි". විවාදය අතරතුරදී, ඔහුගේ පටිගතකෙරුණු ප්‍රකාශ විසින් ලිංගික අඩන්තේට්ටම් විස්තර කෙරුණු බව ට්‍රම්ප් විසින් ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කල අතර කිසිකලෙක කාන්තාවක් අනිසි ලෙස ස්පර්ශ කර ඇති බව ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කළේය. ඔහුගේ චෝදකයන් බොහෝ දෙනෙක් ප්‍රකාශ කර සිටියේ, ඔවුන්ගේ චෝදනා ප්‍රසිද්ධ කිරීමට ඔවුන් පෙළඹවූයේ  මෙම ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කිරීම් විසින් බවයි.

කාන්තාවන් තිදෙනෙක් විසින් අධිකරණයෙහි නඩු ගොනු කර තිබුණේ ඔවුන්ව ට්‍රම්ප් විසින් ලිංගික අඩන්තේට්ටම් වලට ගොදුරු කල බවට චෝදනා කරමිනි. මෙම අධිකරණ නඩු තුනට අමතරව, අඩුම වශයෙන් කාන්තාවන් දොළොස්දෙනෙකු විසින් හෝ ට්‍රම්ප් වෙත ප්‍රසිද්ධයේ චෝදනා කර සිටිනුයේ අනුමැතිය-රහිත සිපගැනීම් හෝ, අනුමැතිය-රහිත ලෙසින්  තන, තට්ටම් සහ ලිංගික අවයව ස්පර්ශ කිරීම හෝ සිදු කල බවයි.

ප්‍රාථමික වශයෙන් 2016 ඔක්තොම්බර් මස සිට ඇරඹුනු බහුවිධ චෝදනා විසින් කියා සිටිනුයේ, ඔවුන් විවිධ මට්ටම් වලින් ඇඳුම් ඉවත් කරගෙන සිටි අතරතුර රූප සුන්දරී තරග තරගකාරියන්ගේ පැරහුම් කාමර තුලට 1997, 2000, 2001, සහ 2006 වසර තුලදී ට්‍රම්ප් ඇතුළු වූ බව වන අතර, මෙම හුරුකම තමා වෙත වූ බව ද හවර්ඩ් ස්ටර්න් ෂෝ හී 2005 වසරෙහි සම්මුඛ සාකච්ඡාවකදී ට්‍රම්ප් විසින් මෙය පිළිගෙන ඇත. මෙම ව්‍යවහාරය මිස් ටීන් යූඑස්ඒ හිදීද සිදුවී ඇති බව ප්‍රෝක්ත වෙයි; එහි තරගකරුවන්වූ බොහෝ දෙනෙක් කියා සිටින්නේ වයස 15 තරම් ලාබාල ගැහැණු ලමුන්ගේ පැරහුම් කාමර තුලට පවා ට්‍රම්ප් ඇතුළු වූ බවයි.

අධිකරණමය උසාවි කටයුතු

ඉවානා ට්‍රම්ප් (1989)

ඉවානා ට්‍රම්ප් සහ ඩොනල්ඩ් ට්‍රම්ප් විවාහ වූයේ 1977 වසරෙහිදීය. 1989 වසරෙහිදී දිවුරුම් සාක්ෂියකදී ඉවානා කියා සිටියේ, ඔවුන්ගේ දික්කසාද කටයුතු සිදුවෙමින් තිබියදී ඩොනල්ඩ් විසින් ඇයගේ ප්ලාස්ටික් ශල්‍ය වෛද්‍යවරයා හමුවූ බවත් ඉන්පසු ඔහුගේ කේන්තිය පලකොට ඇයගේ හිසෙහි සමෙන් කෙස් ගලවා ඇති බවත්ය. ඩොනල්ඩ් පවසා සිටියේ චෝදනාව  "නිසැකයෙන් අසත්‍ය" බවයි.හැරී හර්ට් III විසින් රචිත, ලොස්ට් ටයිකූන්: ද මෙනි ලයිව්ස් ඔෆ් ඩොනල්ඩ් ට්‍රම්ප් නම් 1993 ග්‍රන්ථයෙහි මෙම ප්‍රොක්ත ප්‍රහාරය විස්තර කෙරෙන්නේ "ප්‍රචණ්ඩ අඩන්තේට්ටම්කිරීමක්" ලෙසින් වන අතර ඩොනල්ඩ් විසින් මෙහිදී ඉවානා වෙත ලිංගික ලෙසින් පහරදුන් බව දක්වා ඇත. පොතෙහි දැක්වෙන පරිදී, ඉවානා විසින් ඇයගේ මිතුරු මිතුරියන් වෙත පසුව රහස්‍ය ලෙසින් පවසා ඇත්තේ ඩොනල්ඩ් විසින් ඇය දූෂණය කල බවයි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

ආශ්‍රිත
 ඩොනල්ඩ් ට්‍රම්ප්

ඩොනල්ඩ් ට්‍රම්ප් වෙත එල්ල වී ඇති ලිංගික අනාචාර චෝදනා


Nahija Al-Jiza () je nahija u okrugu Daraa, u sirijskoj pokrajini Daraa. Po popisu iz 2004. (prije rata), nahija je imala 21.100 stanovnika. Administrativno sjedište je u naselju Al-Jiza.

Izvori

Sirijske nahije
Pokrajina Daraa

Al-Jiza (nahija)


An Anthurium titanium in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Paul Carpenter Standley ngan Julian Alfred Steyermark. An Anthurium titanium in nahilalakip ha genus nga Anthurium, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Anthurium

Anthurium titanium


Carl Menger (28. febrúar 1840 - 26. febrúar 1921) var Austurrískur hagfræðingur, stofnandi Austurríska skólans og einn frumkvöðla Nýklassískrar hagfræði. Framlög hans til jaðargreiningar og jaðarábata (e. marginal utility) léku lykilhlutverk í byltingar í skilningi hagfræðinga á verðmyndun og kenningum um virði vöru og framleiðsluþátta. Jaðarbyltingin kollvarpaði kenningum klassískra hagfræðinga sem lögðu áherslu á framleiðslukostnað og beindi sjónum að neytandanum.

Ævi
Carl Menger var fæddur í Nowy Sącz í Póllandi þann 28. febrúar árið 1840. Menger kom úr efnaðri og menntaðri fjölskyldu, faðir hans var lögfræðingur og móðir hans úr virtri kaupmannafjölskyldu. Menger lærði lögfræði við Háskólann í Prag og Vín. Síðar meir lauk hann doktorsgráðu í Réttarheimspeki frá Háskólanum í Kraká, Póllandi. Hann starfaði sem blaðamaður um skeið en lagði hagfræði fyrir sig árið 1867, og var ráðinn prófessor við Vínarháskóla árið 1873. Hann var um skeið einkakennari ríkisarfa Austurríska keysaradæmisins, Rudolf von Habsburg.

Menger átti son með Hermine Andermann (1869-1924) sem var nefndur Karl Menger (1902-1985). Karl Menger lagði fyrir sig stærðfræði og fetaði seinna í fótspor föður síns með því að leggja sitt af mörkum til leikjafræðinar sem telst nú sem grein í bæði stærðfræði og hagfræði.

Framlög til hagfræði
Framlög hans til jaðargreiningar skipa honum, ásamt William Stanley Jevons og Marie Esprit Léon Walras í röð frumkvöðla jaðarbyltingarinnar og ris Nýklassíska skólans í hagfræði.  Hans er þó ekki síður minnst sem upphafsmanns Austurrískrar hagfræði. Austurríska hagfræðin er talin hafa byrjað þegar að Menger skrifaði ritið "Grundsätze der Volkswirtschaftslehre" eða Gildi Hagfræðinnar sem kom út árið 1871. Menger var mjög gagnrýninn á hugmyndafræði klassískrar hagfræði og hafnað nálgun hennar á eðli efnahagslegs gildis, og þar með ráðandi krafta hagkerfisins.

Efnahagslegt gildi vöru felst ekki í verðmæti þeirra framleiðsluþátta og vinnu sem þarf til að framleiða hana, heldur nytjum hennar fyrir neytandann. Verðhlutföll skýrast því hvorki af ólíkum framleiðslukostnaði eða vinnumagni sem varan líkamnar, líkt og vinnugildiskenningar Karl Marx og David Ricardo gerðu ráð fyrir, heldur af ólíkum jaðarnytjum þeirra fyrir neytendur.

Virði vöru ákvarðast af sambandinu milli notagildis hennar og þörfum neytanda og er því ekki með einhverjum hætti innifalið eða innbyggt í vöruna sjálfa. Einn mikilvægasti munurinn á kenningu Menger og kenningum Jevons og Walras er að Menger skoðaði bæði heimili og fyrirtæki, þ.e. bæði jaðarkostnað jafnt sem jaðarnytjar.

Með því að skoða bæði framboðs- og eftirspurnarhlið vöru komst hann að því að því sem hann taldi vera mikilvægustu túlkunina á kenningunni að báðar hliðar hagnast af viðskiptum. Neytendur fá vöru sem uppfyllir þörf og fyrirtæki hagnast fjárhagslega.

Heimildir

Austurrískir hagfræðingar

Carl Menger


Tailândia participou dos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022, realizados em Pequim, na China.

Foi a quinta aparição do país em Olimpíadas de Inverno. Foi representado por quatro atletas, sendo dois homens e duas mulheres.

Competidores
Esta foi a participação por modalidade nesta edição:

Desempenho

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Ligações externas

Tailandia
2022
Desporto na Tailândia em 2022

Tailândia nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022


Eagle Rock is a neighborhood of Northeast Los Angeles, abutting the San Rafael Hills in Los Angeles County, California.
The community is named after Eagle Rock, a large boulder whose shadow resembles an eagle. Eagle Rock was once part of the Rancho San Rafael under Spanish and Mexican governorship. In 1911, Eagle Rock was incorporated as a city, and in 1923 it was annexed by Los Angeles.

The neighborhood is the home of Occidental College. As with other neighborhoods in Northeast Los Angeles, Eagle Rock experienced significant gentrification in the 21st century.

History

Before the arrival of European settlers, the secluded valley below the San Rafael Hills that is roughly congruent to Eagle Rock's present boundaries was inhabited by the Tongva people, whose staple food was the acorns from the valley's many oak trees. These aboriginal inhabitants were displaced by Spanish settlers in the late 18th century, with the area incorporated into the Rancho San Rafael. Following court battles, the area known as Rancho San Rafael was divided into 31 parcels in 1870. Benjamin Dreyfus was awarded what is now called Eagle Rock. In the 1880s Eagle Rock existed as a farming community.

The arrival of American settlers and the growth of Los Angeles resulted in steadily increasing semi-rural development in the region throughout the late 19th century. The construction of Henry Huntington's Los Angeles Railway trolley line up Eagle Rock Boulevard to Colorado Boulevard and on Colorado to Townsend Avenue commenced the rapid suburbanization of the Eagle Rock Valley.

Although Eagle Rock, which is geographically located between the cities of Pasadena and Glendale, was once incorporated as a city in 1911, its need for an adequate water supply and a high school resulted in its annexation by Los Angeles in 1923.

Several major crime sprees occurred in the neighborhood during the late 20th century. An early victim of the Hillside Strangler was discovered in an Eagle Rock neighborhood on October 31, 1977. The discovery, along with the successive murders of at least 10 other women in the area over the course of five months, frightened local residents. According to an opinion piece by a resident under the pseudonym Deirdre Blackstone that was published in the Los Angeles Times on December 6, 1977:

Groups of gum-chewing girls in look-alike hairdos and jeans who used to haunt the Eagle Rock Plaza—they too are keeping close to home ... We are all afraid. For women living alone, ours is an actual visceral fear that starts at the feet. Then it hits the knees—and finally it grips the mind.

Two men, Kenneth Bianchi and Angelo Buono, were subsequently convicted of the murders.

On the night of March 20, 1985, an 8-year-old girl was abducted from her home in Eagle Rock and sexually assaulted by a man dubbed the "Valley Intruder", "Walk-in Killer", and "The Night Stalker," later identified as Richard Ramirez. This was the seventh in a long string of murders and sexual assaults committed by Ramirez in Los Angeles and San Francisco before he was apprehended.

In 2002, an effort to designate an area of the community as "Philippine Village" for the large Filipino American population was stopped.

Like the surrounding areas of Northeast Los Angeles, Eagle Rock has undergone gentrification. Beginning in the 2000s, the area attracted young professionals and fostered a hipster culture. As a result, housing prices have dramatically risen and a new wave of restaurants, coffee shops, bars, and art galleries have appeared over the last decade.

Demographics

The neighborhood is inhabited by a wide variety of ethnic and socioeconomic groups and the creative class. Over the past decade the Eagle Rock and neighboring Highland Park have been experiencing gentrification as young professionals have moved from nearby neighborhoods such as Los Feliz and Silver Lake. A core of counter-culture writers, artists and filmmakers has existed in Eagle Rock since the 1920s.

According to the "Mapping L.A." project of the Los Angeles Times, the 2000 U.S. census counted 32,493 residents in  Eagle Rock neighborhood, 7,644 people per square mile; a population density considered average for the city and Los Angeles County. In 2008, the city estimated that the population had increased to 34,466. In 2000, the median age for residents was 35, about average for city and county neighborhoods.

The neighborhood was considered "highly diverse" ethnically within Los Angeles, with a relatively high percentage of Asian people. The breakdown was Latinos, 40.3%; whites, 29.8%; Asians, 23.9%; blacks, 1.8%; and others, 4.1%.  The Philippines (35.1%) and Mexico (25.1%) were the most common places of birth for the 38.5% of the residents who were born abroad—an average figure for Los Angeles.

The median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $67,253, considered high for the city. The neighborhood's income levels, like its ethnic composition, can still be marked by notable diversity, but typically ranges from lower-middle to upper-middle class. Renters occupied 43.9% of the housing stock, and house- or apartment-owners held 56.1%. The average household size of 2.8 people was considered normal for Los Angeles.

Thirty percent of Eagle Rock residents aged 25 and older had earned a four-year degree by 2000, an average percentage for the city.

Geography
Eagle Rock is bordered by Glendale on the north and west, Highland Park on the southeast, Glassell Park on the southwest, and Pasadena on the east. Major thoroughfares include Eagle Rock Boulevard and Colorado Boulevard, with Figueroa Street along the eastern boundary. The Glendale and Ventura freeways run along the district's western and northern edges, respectively.

Landmarks

The neighborhood is home to many historic and architecturally significant homes, many done in the Craftsman, Georgian, Streamline Moderne, Art Deco and Mission Revival styles. There are nine Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in Eagle Rock:
 The Eagle Rock - located at the terminus of Figueroa Street, it is Historic-Cultural Monument #10.
 Eagle Rock City Hall - Located at 2035 Colorado Boulevard, it is Historic-Cultural Monument #59. Once a separate municipality, this was Eagle Rock's original City Hall.
 Eagle Rock Branch Library - Located at 2225 Colorado Boulevard, it is  Historic-Cultural Monument #292. The original library, which was built with the aid of a Carnegie grant in 1914, was replaced in 1927 with a new structure which used one wall and the basement of the old library. It now serves as the Center for the Arts Eagle Rock.
 Residence at 1203-1207 Kipling Avenue - It is Historic-Cultural Monument #383.
 Loleta House - Located on Loleta Avenue, it is a cultural hub and home to the Loleta Boys.
 Argus Court - Located at 1760-1768 Colorado Boulevard, it is Historic-Cultural Monument #471.
 Eagle Rock Playground Clubhouse - Located at 1100 Eagle Vista Drive , it is Historic-Cultural Monument #536.
 Eagle Rock Women's Twentieth Century Clubhouse - Located at 1841-1855 Colorado Boulevard, it is Historic-Cultural Monument #537.
 Swanson House - Located at 2373 Addison Way, it is Historic-Cultural Monument #542.
 Eagle Rock Women's Christian Temperence Union Home - Located at 2222-2244 Laverna Avenue & 2225-2245 Norwalk Avenue, it is Historic-Cultural Monument #562.

Parks and recreation
 Eagle Rock Recreation Center - 1100 Eagle Vista Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90041
 Eagle Rock Dog Park - 1100 Eagle Vista Drive Los Angeles, CA 90041.
 Eagle Rock Hillside Park - North of the Ventura Freeway and South of Valle Vista, Los Angeles, CA 90041.
 Richard Alatorre Park - Figueroa and 134 Freeway, Los Angeles, CA 90041.
 Yosemite Recreation Center - 1840 Yosemite Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90041.

Education

Higher education
Eagle Rock is the site of Occidental College, which was first established in Boyle Heights in 1887. After a fire destroyed the original campus in 1896, it moved to Downtown Los Angeles, then Highland Park, until reopening permanently in Eagle Rock in 1914. The campus was designed by architect Myron Hunt.

Schools
Eagle Rock children attend schools in District 4 of the Los Angeles Unified School District.

 Eagle Rock High School, 1750 Yosemite Drive. Eagle Rock High School was built in 1927 by the city of Los Angeles, as promised at the time of Eagle Rock's annexation. The original building was demolished in 1970 over concerns about its earthquake safety. It was replaced by a contemporary brutalist style building at the rear of the same school site.
 Renaissance Arts Academy, charter high school, 1800 Colorado Boulevard
 Dahlia Heights Elementary School, 5063 Floristan Avenue
 Santa Rosa Charter Academy, middle school, 3838 Eagle Rock Boulevard
 Eagle Rock Elementary School, 2057 Fair Park Avenue
 Rockdale Elementary School, 1303 Yosemite Drive
 Delevan Drive Elementary School, 4168 West Avenue 42
 Toland Way Elementary School, 4545 Toland Way
 Annandale Elementary School, 6125 Poppy Peak Drive
 Celerity Rolas Charter School, 1495 Colorado Boulevard. Closed for 2018–2019 school year.

Notable residents

 Ben Affleck, a former Occidental College student, lived on Hill Drive with then-roommate and co-writer Matt Damon while they wrote the script for ''Good Will Hunting'.
 Maria Bamford (comedian)
 Marlon Brando (actor)
 Mike Carter (American-Israeli basketball player)
 John Dwyer (musician)
 Zack de la Rocha (musician)
 Paul Ecke (botanicals)
 M.F.K. Fisher (writer)
 Lloy Galpin (suffragist, teacher)
 Jack Kemp (Congressman, quarterback, HUD Secretary - Occidental College alumnus)
 Carlos R. Moreno (jurist)
 Barack Obama (44th President of the United States - Occidental College student)
 Zasu Pitts (actress)
 Hanson Puthuff (artist)
 Mark Ryden (artist)
 Robert Shaw (conductor)
 John Steinbeck (author)
 Madeleine Stowe (actress)
 Marshall Thompson (actor)
 Dalton Trumbo (screenwriter, author)
 Lindsay Wagner (actress)
 Virginia Weidler (actress)

 Keith Wyatt (Musician, educator)

See also

 Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments on the East and Northeast Side
 List of districts and neighborhoods in Los Angeles

References

External links

 Eagle Rock Neighborhood Council
 Eagle Rock Valley Historical Society
 Eagle Rock crime map and statistics

1906 establishments in California
1923 disestablishments in California
Former municipalities in California
Neighborhoods in Los Angeles
Northeast Los Angeles
Populated places established in 1906
San Rafael Hills

Eagle Rock, Los Angeles


Fozil Musaev (født 2. januar 1989) er en uzbekistansk fodboldspiller.

Usbekistans fodboldlandshold

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Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Usbekistan
Personer fra Tasjkent

Fozil Musaev


Le Musée paléozoologique de Chine (PMC ; chinois) est un musée situé à Pékin, en Chine. Ce bâtiment abrite également les activités de recherche de l'Institut de paléontologie des vertébrés et de paléoanthropologie de l'Académie chinoise des sciences.

Le bâtiment
Le musée paléozoologique de Chine est géré par l'IVPP. Il est situé sur le site de Beijing que l'IVPP occupe à Pékin depuis . Le bâtiment actuel est construit en pour remplacer sur le même site l'ancien bâtiment de l'IVPP. L'inauguration du musée s'effectue en . Ce musée expose une partie de la collection de l'IVPP dans des salles d'exposition avec des spécimens destinés au public sur une superficie de , tandis que le reste du bâtiment est utilisé à des fins de recherche.

Le bâtiment principal se compose de trois étages. Le premier étage présente un certain nombre de fossiles de poissons et d'amphibiens, ainsi que de nombreux reptiles du Mésozoïque. Les reptiles et les oiseaux sont représentés au deuxième étage, et les mammifères (y compris des exemples de mégafaune comme Stegodon) sur le troisième étage. De nombreux spécimens de fossiles exposés sont des animaux éteints qui n'ont été retrouvés qu'à l'intérieur des frontières de la Chine moderne, comme le Sinokannemeyeria. Plusieurs exemples de précurseurs évolutifs des oiseaux sont présents, notamment les holotypes de Confuciusornis et de Microraptor, trouvés lors des fouilles durant des expéditions de recherche sur le terrain au Liaoning. Une galerie attenante au rez-de-chaussée examine les origines de l'homme. Elle comprend notamment des informations sur l'Homme de Pékin (un exemple dHomo erectus ), découvert dans la ville voisine de Zhoukoudian (Choukoutien) lors de fouilles en 1923-27. Il contient également un certain nombre d'outils en pierre utilisés par les peuples paléolithiques et des spécimens d'autres crânes fossiles plus récents des premiers hominidés qui habitaient autrefois la région. Le rez-de-chaussée dispose d'une autre galerie consacrée aux expositions temporaires spéciales. Le musée a été rénové en 2014.

 Premier étage

Le premier étage du musée contient un espace pour les expositions temporaires. On y trouve aussi la boutique touristique, un théâtre et l'espace d'exposition du musée de l'Institut de paléontologie et de paléoanthropologie des vertébrés, appelé Musée de paléoanthropologie Shu-hua. La principale zone d'exposition commence aussi à cet étage et appartient au Musée de paléontologie des vertébrés qui est un des autres sous-musée de l'IVPP. L'exposition du musée Shu-hua détaille les origines de l'homme en Chine. De multiples moulages des crânes des premiers hominidés, découverts à Zhoukoudian, sont exposés. Un buste en bronze de l'Homme de Pékin est également exposé. Un petit diorama d'''Homo erectus faisant du feu est installé dans une vitrine.

 Musée de paléontologie des vertébrés

Le premier étage de la zone d'exposition se concentre sur les poissons, les amphibiens et les reptiles du Mésozoïque. La pièce maîtresse de l'étage est une grande installation montrant des montures de Tsintaosaurus, Mamenchisaurus, Tyrannosaurus et un Monolophosaurus s'attaquant à un Tuojiangosaurus. Près de l'entrée de l'exposition se trouve une collection de fossiles datant du cambrien et découverts dans le sud de la Chine. On y trouve aussi un modèle de tête de Dunkleosteus. Plus loin dans la galerie, on trouve avec des fossiles de poissons préhistoriques tels que Sinohelicoprion et Helicoprion , un cœlacanthe préservé d'Afrique du Sud, Latimeria, exposé dans une vitrine. Du fait de leurs cartilages, la présence de fossiles d'amphibiens est extrêmement rare dans le monde et très importante scientifiquement. Ils sont âgés de 10 à 200 millions d'années. À l'autre extrémité de l'exposition, les expositions se concentrent sur le vol préhistorique. Un spécimen holotype de Microraptor est placé sur le mur, et plusieurs spécimens de ptérosaures sont exposés avec des spécimens écrasés d'autres reptiles, tels que le Hyphalosaurus. Au deuxième étage, l'exposition se concentre sur la vie mésozoïque. Un montage de Sinokannemeyeria à côté de l'exposition d'autres dicynodontes, comme Lystrosaurus sont présents. Le musée expose, ensuite sur le même étage, les dinosaures avec les montages dArchaeornithomimus, de Probactrosaurus et du trésor du musée désigné de l'IVPP, un squelette de Lufengosaurus qui a été le premier fossile de dinosaure trouvé en Chine. Des fossiles de Mamenchisaurus et de Tienshanosaurus sont présentés dans des vitrines. Plus loin au deuxième étage, une section de l'exposition est consacrée aux œufs de dinosaures. La galerie présente également de nombreux fossiles avec des plumes préservées du Liaoning, dont un fossile composite surnommé « Archaeoraptor ». Un moulage de Shansisuchus avec le crâne et le cou de Vjushkovisaurus est exposé. Le troisième étage se concentre sur les mammifères du Cénozoïque. Y sont exposés des montages de Stegodon et Platybelodon et le crâne d'un mammouth laineux qui constitue la pièce maîtresse de cette galerie. Une monture de Rhinotitan'' est également présentée.

Collection
La collection du musée est très importante et expose plus de 800 spécimens. Le nouveau musée centralise les collections qui étaient jusqu'alors préservées par chaque scientifiques indépendamment les unes des autres. Plus de  fossiles de vertébrés y sont catalogués. Cette collection contient de nombreux holotypes dont la description dans des revues scientifiques a permis de décrire de nombreuses lignées éteintes de créatures uniques à la Chine. Il possède le centre de recherche actif de l'IVPP et son personnel comprend le célèbre paléontologue chinois Xu Xing, qui a nommé et décrit de nombreux dinosaures et autres animaux fossiles, dont quelques exemples sont exposés au musée.

Galerie

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Article connexe
 Liste des musées en Chine

Bibliographie

Liens externes

 Le Musée paléozoologique de Chine (site officiel, en chinois)
 Le Musée paléozoologique de Chine (brève introduction en anglais)
 Musée paléozoologique de Chine
 USA Today "Oubliez Indiana Jones: le chasseur de dinosaures Xu le creuse"
 Travel China Guide "Paleozoological Museum of China"

Musée d'histoire naturelle en Chine
Musée à Pékin

Musée paléozoologique de Chine


Le pontage des argiles consiste à utiliser une argile à feuillets (silicate lamellaire) comme réseau hôte et à y intercaler, entre les feuillets, par échange cationique, des espèces polymériques organiques et/ou minérales de taille importante, pour obtenir des matériaux plus microporeux et dotés d'un grand espacement interfoliaire. La rigidité du matériau est obtenue par calcination de ces espèces en piliers fixes.

Le pontage d'argiles a amélioré certains matériaux destinés à adsorber des polluants solubilisés dans un liquide, et il intéresse plus largement la chimie verte qui recherche des processus catalytiques moins polluants  .

Historique
Les premiers travaux sur la synthèse et l'étude des propriétés texturales des argiles pontées inorganiques ont été réalisés de 1960 à 1980.

Ils ont montré que les argiles pontées ont une plus grande capacité d'adsorption et une meilleure stabilité thermique que les argiles naturelles.

Les argiles pontées ont alors commencé à être très utilisées dans la dépollution des eaux contaminées par des métaux lourds (cadmium par exemple) ou métalloïdes toxiques certains micropolluants tels que les composés phénoliques, les pesticides et les colorants. Au regard des résultats, des chercheurs se sont penchées sur les méthodes de synthèse et de caractérisation texturale des argiles pontées.
Les études des modifications de l'argile naturelle montrent que le pontage est meilleur avec des argiles préalablement modifiées soit par activation acide ou par remplacement de leurs cations interfoliaires par du sodium ou du calcium (Argile calcique ou homosodique). Différents procédés ont été développées, faisant classer les argiles pontées en trois grandes catégories :
  complexes organo-argileux ;
 complexes inorgano-argileux ;
 complexes organo-inorgano-argileux.

Purification homosodique
Le prétraitement de l'argile brute par purification homosodique permet de détruire la matière organique qui se trouvait à sa surface, et de lessiver les cations qui étaient présent à sa surface, via de l'acide chlorhydrique dilué. Il est alors facile de remplacer ceux de l'espace interfolaire par du sodium. Il est démontré que la nature du cation situé dans l'espace interfoliaire influe sur le rendement du pontage de l'argile ; le sodium permet un excellent rendement, c'est pourquoi on remplace tous les cations de l'espace interfoliaire par celui-ci.
En général, les molécules organiques sont détruites par de l'eau oxygénée (diluée à 6 %), puis l'argile est recueillie par filtration sous vide, lavé jusqu'à ce que les eaux de lavage ne contiennent plus de chlorures (pas d'apparition de précipité blanc noircissant à la lumière après ajout de nitrate d'argent dans les eaux de rinçage). Après séchage et broyage, l'argile obtenue est dite « purifiée ».
L'argile homosodique est obtenue en ajoutant à une suspension d'argile purifiée une solution de chlorure de sodium avec une agitation du mélange à au moins 200 tours par minute durant au moins 24 heures, pour bien disperser et intercaler les ions sodium dans l'argile. L'argile est ensuite extraite par filtration, et lavée jusqu'à ce que les eaux de lavage n'aient plus de chlorures (test au nitrate d'argent), et le sécher.

Complexes organo-argileux
Ce sont des argiles homosodiques où ont été intercalées des unités polymériques de composés organique, qui rendent l'argile organophile ou hydrophobe. Plusieurs espèces chimiques sont utilisées comme structure polymériques. Parmi les sels ou surfactant très utilisés, figurent le bromure d'hexadecyltrimétylammonium (HTDMABr), l'ODEM (bromure d'octadecyldihydroxyéthylméthylammonium), le chlorure de benzyldimethyldodecyl-ammonium (BDDA) et  le chlorure d'octadecyltrimetyl ammonium (ODTMA).

Les argiles organophiles, étudiées depuis le début des années soixante ont des séries d'espacements basaux entre  et  ; les discussions ont porté  sur la position d'intercalation (horizontale ou verticale) et le nombre d'atomes de carbone de chaque molécule . Dans les années 1970, la recherche a progressé quand on a montrés que l'inefficacité de l'adsorption des composés organiques des eaux telles que les hydrocarbures hydrosolubles et certains composés aromatiques était due aux propriétés hydrophiles de ces matériaux . L'étude des interactions entre divers composés organiques (benzène, toluène, phénol et ses dérivés chlorés, acide tannique, acide 2,4-dichlorophénoxy propionique) et les complexes organo-argileux, a monté la grande efficacité d'adsorption de ces derniers. L'efficacité croît quand la chaine carbonée du tensioactif est plus longue.  L'influence de paramètres comme la nature du tensioactif co-adsorbé, le rapport tensioactif sur argile, le pH du milieu, la température, le temps de contact, a aussi été étudiée. Les études sur l'élimination de certains pesticides et colorants des effluents industriels ont démontré que celle-ci était d'autant plus grande que les interactions entre les polluants et le complexe organo-argileux est forte, c'est-à-dire que le complexe argileux est plus organophile. Le caractère organophile est attribué à la nature hydrophobe des molécules de tensioactives insérées dans l'argile homosodique .

Complexes inorgano-argileux
Les complexes inorgano-argileux sont des argiles homosodiques dans lesquelles il a été intercallé des polycations métallique (Al(III), de chrome (III), de fer Fe(III) et de titane Ti(IV)).

Les argiles à pilliers d'oxydes métalliques présentent des propriétés absorptives et catalytiques exceptionnelles, qui a suscité un grand intérêt dans le monde. Semblables aux zéolites, elles ont été mises en œuvre pour la première fois en intercallant des polycations d'hydroxy-métalliques dans l'espace interfolliaire des argiles à feuillets directement par échange cationique .

Les argiles pontées par les polycations ont été utilisées avec efficacité dans le traitement des eaux, pour l'élimination des polluants tels que les phénols.

Les argiles pontées les plus étudiées sont celles intercalées par les polycations d'hydroxy aluminiques de structure 7+ noté parfois . Ces argiles pontées à l'aluminium sont préparées en deux étapes : 1) la solution à pilier est préparées, basée sur le rapport OH/Al3+ et le temps (durée) de vieillissement de ladite solution ; 2) le pontage de l'argile homosodique met en jeu la quantité de cation introduite (rapport Al/argile) et la température de traitement thermique de l'argile intercalée. Le pontage par les polycations d'aluminium confère aux argiles une grande résistance thermique, une grande surface spécifique et une porosité importante. Il développe aussi leur acidité car les polycations intercallés se transforment (après calcination) en piliers sous forme de grappes d'oxydes métalliques rigides et résistants, dont l'acidité de lewis de l'aluminium est transférée à l'argile homosodique de départ .

Le tableau 1 présente différents modes de préparation des argiles pontées à l'aluminium.

La préparation des montmorillonites homoioniques aluminiques en utilisant des solutions pontantes d'hydroxydes d'aluminium Al(III) auxquelles sont ajoutés des quantités croissantes de soude sous agitation, permet d'observer une diminution de la capacité d'échange cationique (CEC) en fonction de la quantité d'aluminium fixée. Cette diminution est due à la présence des polymères d'aluminium plutôt qu'à l'hydroxyde amorphe solide Al(OH)3. La capacité d'échange cationique (CEC) de ces solides microporeux après le pontage est irréversible pour des rapports OH/Al élevés (supérieure à 1,3). Les espèces polynucléaires d'aluminium se fixent sur les sites d'échanges dans les espaces interfoliaires du minéral utilisé. Les résultats diffractométriques montrent l'intercalation des polycations d'aluminium avec des espacements basaux de l'ordre de  à la température ambiante et qui se transforment en oxyde  après calcination à . Les études effectuées sur des montmorillonites homoioniques ont montré que l'adsorption et la polymérisation du phénol sont beaucoup plus importantes en milieu aéré qu'en milieu azoté selon l'ordre séquentiel suivant : Fe- > Al- > Ca- > Na-bentonite .

Dans les années 1990, l'étude des complexes inorgano-argileux s'est traduite en résultats encourageant les industriels à développer ces argiles modifiées pour le raffinage ou la dépollution. De nouvelles formes de complexes inorgano-argileux ont vu le jour (ex : bentonite modifiée au gallium produite avec une solution pontante par titration d'une solution de nitrate de gallium avec des quantités appropriées de carbonate de sodium selon un rapport molaire Na/Ga = 2).

D'autres travaux ont montré l'intérêt des complexes inorgano-argileux dans la catalyse chimique (ce sont de bons catalyseurs) pour le craquage des hydrocarbures, la synthèse en chimie fine ou la fabrication des tamis moléculaires .

Les argiles pontées aux polycations de titane ont fait l'objet de peu de travaux aussi bien dans le domaine de la catalyse que dans le domaine du traitement des effluents et de la photodégradation des molécules organiques adsorbées. Ces complexes ont aussi amélioré les possibilités d'adsorption de certains métaux lourds (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, As) .

Complexes organo-inorgano-argileux
La dernière famille d'argiles pontées englobe toutes les autres molécules utilisées ; on peut citer le lignosulfonate et le bis (triéthoxysilyl) méthane (BTESM) comme réactif au silicium organique . Les premiers travaux publiés sur l'application des complexes organo-inorgano-argileux ou argiles pontées mixtes ont montré le caractère très hydrophobe de cette nouvelle génération de matériaux adsorbants. Les tests d'adsorption des composés phénolés sur des smectites pontées à l'aluminium et coadsorbées par des molécules tensioactives cationiques ont montré que la co-adsorption de toutes ces argiles pontées avec des molécules à chaînes longues augmentent l'hydrophobie de ces matériaux au même titre que les charbons actifs utilisés et que plus la chaîne hydrocarbonée est longue et plus l'hydrophobie et l'organophilie sont élevées . Des complexes mixtes se sont ensuite montré être de bons adsorbants. Les études sur les chloro et nitro-phénols ont montré que la montmorillonite pontée au zirconium et co-adsorbée par un tensioactif non ionique adsorbe d'importantes quantités de ces micropolluants organiques si on la compare avec une silicalite ou une zéolite béta. La montmorillonite intercalée par des polycations d'aluminium et modifiée par co-adsorption avec de l'hexadécyltriméthyl ammonium HDTMA adsorbe également beaucoup plus de phénol que les autres matrices organo- et inorganomontmorillonites préparées.

Plusieurs complexes mixtes ont été synthétisés et caractérisés selon la nature du pilier métallique Al(III), Fe(III), Ti(IV) et du tensioactif (Chlorure de cétyltriméthyl ammonium (CTAC) ou Bromure de cétyltriméthyl ammonium (CTAB)). Ils ont ensuite été testées dans l'adsorption de certains composés phénoliques . Le choix du titane comme intercalant c'est pour accélérer le processus de photodégradation des molécules aromatiques en présence de lumière ultraviolette ; et de permettre l'obtention d'argiles à piliers de titane très efficaces (grands espacements interfoliaires, grande acidité et un réseau microporeux très développé).

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Argile
 Catalyseur

Argile

Pontage des argiles


Lachemilla nivalis er fjölær jurt eða runni af rósaætt (Rosaceae). Hún er frá Suður-Ameríku (Kólumbía, Ekvador og Perú).

Heimildir

Maríustakkar

Lachemilla nivalis


O rolieiro-abissínio (Coracias abyssinicus) é uma ave coraciforme do grupo dos rolieiros , que se reproduz em toda a África tropical ao longo de uma faixa ao sul doSaara, conhecido como Sahel. É residente na parte sul de sua distribuição, mas as populações reprodutoras do norte são migradoras de curta distância , movendo-se mais para o sul após a estação das chuvas.

Coracias
Aves descritas em 1783

Rolieiro-abissínio


يتكون البرلمان التونسي من غرفتين وهما الآن مجلس نواب الشعب والمجلس الوطني للجهات والأقاليم، وسابقا من غرفتين هما مجلس النواب ومجلس المستشارين (1959-2011) ثم من غرفة واحدة فقط وهي مجلس نواب الشعب (2011-2022).

تاريخ البرلمان
يرجع إنشاء أول برلمان تونسي حديث إلى منتصف القرن التاسع عشر تاريخ إنشاء محمد الصادق باي للمجلس الأكبر الذي كان يضم 60 شخصية يعينهم الباي. إلا أن هذه المؤسسة لم تعمر طويلا إذ وقع حلها بعد ثورة علي بن غذاهم. عام 1864 أنشأت سلطات الحماية الندوة الاستشارية التي بقيت عضويتها مقتصرة على الفرنسيين حتى سنة 1907 تاريخ تسمية 16 عضوا تونسيا من قبل المقيم العام الفرنسي. لم تكن للندوة أي صبغة تشريعية وفي عام 1922 بعث مجلس أكبر يتكون أعضاءه من قسمين: قسم تونسي وقسم فرنسي. وقد كانت صلوحيات المجلس أساسا صلوحيات مالية تتعلق بمناقشة الميزانية. بعد الاستقلال أحدث المجلس القومي التأسيسي الذي أعلن النظام الجمهوري وقام بإصدار أول دستور للجمهورية التونسية. عام 1959 أحدث مجلس الأمة الذي بقي المجلس الوحيد للسلطة التشريعية إلى سنة 2002 تاريخ قرار بعث غرفة عليا بعد المصادقة عليها إثر استفتاء ماي 2002.بعد الثورة التونسية تم حل مجلسي النواب والمستشارين، وعوضا مؤقتا لأشهر بالهيئة العليا لتحقيق أهداف الثورة والإصلاح السياسي والانتقال الديمقراطي ثم تم إجراء انتخابات في أكتوبر 2011 وتم تنصيب المجلس الوطني التأسيسي الذي قام بالمهام التشريعية لمدة 3 سنوات وأنجز الدستور الجديد للبلاد. وأخيرا سلم هذا المجلس العهدة رسميا لمجلس النواب الشعب في مدته النيابية الأولى عام 2014 ثم الثانية عام 2019.وفي 25 يوليو 2021، عُلّقت إختصاصات البرلمان وجمدت عضوية جميع النواب ورفعت الحصانة عنهم لأول مرة في تاريخ تونس وهو ما يعرف بالأزمة السياسية التونسية. وفي 30 مارس 2022، أعلن رئيس الجمهورية قيس سعيد حل مجلس نواب الشعب لأول مرة في تاريخه.

وفي 25 يوليو 2022، ٱقرّ العمل بدستور جديد للبلاد والذي يعيد العمل بالنظام التشريعي الثنائي أي أن البرلمان مكون من غرفتين وهما مجلس نواب الشعب والمجلس الوطني للجهات والأقاليم.

نصوص من دستور 1959-2011
 «يمارس الشعب السلطة التشريعية بواسطة مجلس النواب ومجلس المستشارين أو عن طريق الاستفتاء». (الفصل 18 من الدستور)
 «يتكون مجلس المستشارين من أعضاء لا يتجاوز عددهم ثلثي عدد أعضاء مجلس النواب، ويحدد القانون الانتخابي طريقة ضبط هذا العدد كل ست سنوات باعتبار عدد أعضاء مجلس النواب القائم». (الفصل 19)
 ...ويؤدي كل عضو من أعضاء مجلس النواب ومجلس المستشارين قبل مباشرة مهامه اليمين التالية: «أقسم بالله العظيم أن أعمل بإخلاص في خدمة بلادي وأن ألتزم بأحكام الدستور وبالولاء المفرد لتونس» (الفصل 21)
 يجري انتخاب مجلس النواب لمدة خمس سنوات خلال الثلاثين يوما الأخيرة من المدة النيابية. مدة نيابة أعضاء مجلس المستشارين ست سنوات. وتجدد تركيبته بالنصف كل ثلاث سنوات (الفصل 22).

مراجع

برلمانات حسب البلد
حكومة تونس
مجالس تشريعية تونسية
الديمقراطية في تونس

البرلمان التونسي


Srednjoengleski jezik (skr. na eng.: ME) jest oblik engleskoga  jezika kojim se govorilo poslije normanskoga osvajanja (1066.) sve do kasnoga 15. stoljeća. Engleski je prošao raznolike inačice i razvoje nakon staroengleskoga razdoblja. Znanstvena mišljenja variraju. Oxford English Dictionary tvrdi da je razdoblje kad se govorilo srednjoengleskim trajalo od 1150. do 1500. godine. Ovo razdoblje razvitka engleskoga jezika ugrubo je pratio prijelaz razvijena u kasni srednji vijek. Govornici su jezik nazivali Englisch, Inglis ili English.

Izvori

Engleski jezici

Srednjoengleski jezik


Der Giro di Viso (Giro del Monviso) ist ein Wanderweg, auf dem man in zwei bis drei Tagen den Monviso (), den höchsten Berg der Cottischen Alpen umrunden kann.

Ein günstiger Ausgangspunkt ist die von Crissolo erreichbare Hochebene Pian del Re (), wo sich die Quelle des Po befindet. Der Weg führt zunächst am Lago Fiorenza vorbei zum Rifugio Quintino Sella () am Lago Grande di Viso. Über den Passo Gallarino () und den Passo di Chiaffredo () steigt man ins Vallone di Vallanta ab, wo der Wiederaufstieg zum Rifugio Vallanta () beginnt. Nach Überschreitung des Passo di Vallanta () gelangt man zum Refuge du Viso (), das auf französischem Gebiet liegt. Der folgende Aufstieg führt zum Colle delle Traversette (), dem höchsten Punkt der Tour. Kurz vor dem Pass sieht man den Eingang zum Buco di Viso, einem Tunnel, der schon 1479/1480 gebaut wurde und als ältester Tunnel der Alpen gilt. Auf der italienischen Seite des Monviso-Massivs erreicht man über die Via del Sale wieder den Ausgangspunkt Pian del Re.

Geschichte
Die erste dokumentierte Rundtour um den Monviso erfolgte durch den Engländer David Forbes und einen einheimischen Führer. Die beiden stiegen am 1. Juli 1839 vom französischen Queyras, der Region am Oberlauf des Guil, zum Colle delle Traversette auf und umrundeten innerhalb eines Tages die Monviso-Gruppe im Uhrzeigersinn.

Literatur
 Sabine Bade, Wolfram Mikuteit: Giro del Monviso – Rund um und kreuz und quer durch die Region des Re di Pietra,  Fernwege.de, Roxheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-941366-11-4

Weblinks
 Westalpen.eu: Giro del Monviso in 2-3 Tagen

Verkehrsbauwerk in den Alpen
Wanderweg in Italien
Wanderweg in Frankreich
Cottische Alpen

Giro di Viso


Marston es una parroquia civil del distrito de Stafford, en el condado de Staffordshire (Inglaterra).

Geografía
Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Marston tiene una superficie de 7,08 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Marston tenía 167 habitantes (57,49% varones, 42,51% mujeres) y una densidad de población de 23,59 hab/km². El 34,73% eran menores de 16 años, el 62,28% tenían entre 16 y 74, y el 2,99% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 34,9 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 12,84% estaban solteros, el 76,15% casados, y el 11,01% divorciados o viudos.

El 98,22% de los habitantes eran originarios del Reino Unido y el 1,78% de cualquier otro lugar, salvo del resto de países europeos. Todos los habitantes eran blancos. El cristianismo era profesado por el 85,03%, mientras que el 7,78% no eran religiosos y el 7,19% no marcaron ninguna opción en el censo.

Había 50 hogares con residentes y 3 vacíos.

Referencias

Parroquias civiles de Staffordshire

Marston (Staffordshire)


ලේක්‍යුන් සෙක්‍යා බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමාව (බුරුම: လေးကျွန်းစင်္ကြာ) යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ 2016 වනවිට, ලෝකයේ උසම ප්‍රතිමා තුන අතුරින් එකකි. මීටර 116ක් (අඩි 381) උසැති මෙම බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමාව මගින් ගෞතම බුදුන් වහන්සේ නිරූපණය වේ. මෙම බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමාව වැඩහිඳින ආසනය මීටර 13.5 (අඩි 44) ක් උස ය. මෙය පිහිටා ඇත්තේ මියන්මාරයේ මොනිවා අසල ඛාටකන් ටෝන්ග් ගම්මානයේ ය. 1996දී ඉදිකිරීම් ඇරඹි මෙම ප්‍රතිමාව නිමවා අවසන් වූයේ 2008 පෙබරවාරි 21වන දින ය. මෙම කටයුත්ත මෙහෙයවන ලද්දේ විහාරාධිපති නාරද හිමිපාණන් විසිනි.

මේවාත් බලන්න

උස අනුව ප්‍රතිමා ලැයිස්තුව
මහා බෝධි ටාහ්ටෝන්ග්

මූලාශ්‍ර

දැවැන්ත බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමා
එළිමහන් ප්‍රතිමා
මියන්මාරයේ ස්මාරක
2008 ප්‍රතිමා
කොන්ක්‍රීට් ප්‍රතිමා
2008දී සම්පූර්ණ කෙරුණු ආගමික ගොඩනැගිලි
2008 මියන්මාරයේ ස්ථාපිත කිරීම්

ලේක්‍යුන් සෙක්‍යා


Dženan Radončić (født 2. august 1983) er en montenegrinsk fodboldspiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Montenegro

Dženan Radončić


Robert Hunter Caldwell (August 15, 1951 – March 14, 2023) was an American singer, songwriter, and musician. He released several albums spanning R&B, soul, jazz, and adult contemporary. He is known for his soulful and versatile vocals. Caldwell released the hit single and his signature song "What You Won't Do for Love" from his double platinum debut album Bobby Caldwell in 1978. After several R&B and smooth jazz albums, Caldwell turned to singing standards from the Great American Songbook. He wrote many songs for other artists, including the Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 single "The Next Time I Fall" for Amy Grant and Peter Cetera. Caldwell's musical catalog is perhaps best known today for its later sampling by several prolific hip hop and R&B artists.

Early life
Bobby Caldwell was born in Manhattan, but grew up in Miami, Florida. His mother sold real estate and one of her clients was reggae singer Bob Marley; Caldwell and Marley became friends. Growing up in Miami exposed Caldwell to a variety of music such as Haitian, Latin, reggae, and R&B. His parents hosted a local variety television show called Suppertime. He grew up listening to the music of Frank Sinatra and Ella Fitzgerald. When he was 12, Caldwell started playing piano and guitar. He was drawn to rock and roll, jazz, and rhythm and blues.

Career
Caldwell was a member of a Miami band called Katmandu who wrote much of their material while also performing traditional standards. Caldwell played multiple instruments and sang. At 17, he worked with the band in Las Vegas, then moved to Los Angeles.

Caldwell got his first career break as a rhythm guitarist for Little Richard in the early 1970s. Caldwell and his band eventually left Little Richard, and Caldwell went solo. By 1977, he had spent six years in Los Angeles playing in different bar bands and trying to get a record deal. Caldwell eventually signed with TK Records in Miami in 1978. After songs for his first album were recorded, executives told Caldwell they enjoyed the album, but thought it was lacking a hit. Caldwell returned to the studio for two days and wrote "What You Won't Do for Love". TK was mainly an R&B label popular among African American listeners. Executives at the label wanted to conceal the fact that Caldwell was white, so they kept his face off the album cover. When he toured with Natalie Cole to support the album, most of the audience was black and many were surprised that Caldwell was white.

"What You Won't Do for Love" on Bobby Caldwell reached the top ten on the Billboard magazine Hot 100 (No. 9) R&B (No. 6), and Adult Contemporary (No. 10) charts. The song has been covered, remade and sampled many times. Caldwell remade it in 1998. It was covered by Go West, Phyllis Hyman, Roy Ayers, Michael Bolton, Intro, Boyz II Men and Snoh Aalegra and was sampled by Tupac Shakur for his hit "Do for Love". It was covered by Elliott Yamin during the fifth season of American Idol in 2006. Caldwell's track "My Flame" is sampled for "Sky's the Limit" by The Notorious B.I.G. featuring R&B group 112.

Caldwell's debut album was followed by Cat in the Hat (1980) and Carry On (1982). The track "Open Your Eyes" from Cat in the Hat was sampled by J Dilla on Common's "The Light" from his 2000 album Like Water for Chocolate. "Open Your Eyes" was also covered by artists John Legend and Dwele. For the album Carry On, Caldwell played all the instruments, was the producer and helped with arranging and mixing. In 2019, Lil Nas X was sued for $25 million for using the song "Carry On" (from the album of the same name) without permission in his own song of the same name from his 2018 mixtape Nasaratti, which at the time was available on YouTube, Spotify and SoundCloud. In 1983, Caldwell released August Moon only in Japan. It was released in the United States in the 1990s.

Singer Boz Scaggs advised Caldwell to write songs for other musicians after TK Records shut down. Caldwell wrote "The Next Time I Fall", which became a hit for Amy Grant and Peter Cetera, along with songs for Scaggs himself, Roy Ayers, Chicago, Natalie Cole, Neil Diamond, Roberta Flack, and Al Jarreau.

On Blue Condition (1996), Caldwell turned from R&B to recording big band arrangements of songs from the Great American Songbook, particularly those sung by Frank Sinatra. He also portrayed Sinatra in tributes to the Rat Pack in Las Vegas. He continued to sing standards on Come Rain or Come Shine (1999), The Consummate Bobby Caldwell (2010) and After Dark (2014). In 2015, he collaborated with record producer Jack Splash on the album Cool Uncle.

Death
Caldwell died at his home in the Great Meadows section of Independence Township, New Jersey, on March 14, 2023, at the age of 71. His death was announced the following day by his wife, who stated on Twitter that "Bobby passed away here at home. I held him tight in my arms as he left us. I am forever heartbroken. Thanks to all of you for your many prayers over the years." According to his wife, Caldwell's health had declined after suffering severe side effects from fluoroquinolone in 2017.

Film soundtracks
Caldwell wrote and performed songs for the movies Back to School ("Educated Girl"), Mac and Me ("Take Me, I'll Follow You"), Salsa ("Puerto Rico") and its sequel ("Every Teardrop"). He also recorded a song for the 1984 film Night of the Comet ("Never Give Up"). Due to what he has cited in interviews as a lower cost of use than the original recordings, his versions of big band standards have appeared in several films. Examples include Simone (2001) and Lake Boat (2002).

Aside from a minor role in 1988's Salsa, Caldwell portrayed Frank Sinatra from October 1999 to January 2000 in the Las Vegas musical The Rat Pack Is Back.

Japanese audience
Caldwell is popular in Japan, where he was nicknamed "Mister AOR". In Japan, the acronym "AOR" (AOR short for "Adult-Oriented Rock") is used to describe the style commonly called Adult Contemporary in the United States. In 1992, he received the award for Best Foreign Artist at the 34th Japan Record Awards.

Discography

Albums

Compilation albums

Singles

References

External links

 BobbyCaldwell.com (Official site)
 Complete discography and lyrics

1951 births
2023 deaths
American multi-instrumentalists
American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters
American soul singers
Atlantic Records artists
Ballad musicians
People from Independence Township, New Jersey
Polydor Records artists
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Singers from New York City
Smooth jazz musicians

Bobby Caldwell


Primarul General al Municipiului București cunoscut și ca Primar General este șeful Primăriei Municipiului București, care răspunde de buna funcționare a orașului, cum ar fi sistemul de apă, sistemul de transport și principalele bulevarde. Titlul de Primar General este uneori folosit pentru a-l distinge de cel al primarilor care conduc fiecare dintre cele șase sectoare administrative ale municipiului București și care sunt responsabili de administrarea locală a străzilor secundare, parcurilor, școlilor și serviciilor de curățenie. Toate deciziile primarului trebuie să fie aprobate de Consiliul General al Bucureștiului, care are 55 de locuri.

Funcția a fost creată la 7 august 1864, când a fost adoptată o nouă lege a administrației locale în stil francez. Mandatul Primarului General este de 4 ani.

Actualul Primar General al Bucureștiului este  , care a preluat funcția la .

Note

Vezi și
 Lista primarilor Bucureștiului

Legături externe
 http://www.pmb.ro/

Primar General al Municipiului București


Destino is an animated surrealist short film released in 2003 by Walt Disney Animation Studios. Destino is unique in that its production originally began in 1945, 58 years before its eventual completion in 2003. The project was originally a collaboration between Walt Disney and Spanish painter Salvador Dalí, and features music written by Mexican songwriter Armando Domínguez and performed by Mexican singer Dora Luz. It was included in the Animation Show of Shows in 2003.

History
Destino (Spanish for "Destiny") was storyboarded by Disney studio artist John Hench and artist Salvador Dalí for eight months in late 1945 and 1946; however production ceased not long after. The Walt Disney Company, then Walt Disney Studios, was plagued by financial woes in the World War II era. Hench compiled a short animation test of about 17 seconds in the hopes of rekindling Disney's interest in the project, but the production was no longer deemed financially viable and put on indefinite hiatus.

In 1999, Walt Disney's nephew Roy E. Disney, while working on Fantasia 2000, unearthed the dormant project and decided to bring it back to life. Walt Disney Studios Paris, the company's small Parisian production department, was brought on board to complete the project. The short was produced by Baker Bloodworth and directed by French animator Dominique Monféry in his first directorial role. A team of approximately 25 animators deciphered Dalí and Hench's cryptic storyboards (with a little help from the journals of Dalí's wife Gala Dalí and guidance from Hench himself), and finished Destinos production. The end result is mostly traditional animation, including Hench's original footage, but it also contains some computer animation.

Plot
The seven-minute short follows the story of Chronos and his ill-fated love for a mortal woman named Dahlia. The story continues as Dahlia dances through surreal scenery inspired by Dalí's paintings. There is no dialogue, but the soundtrack includes music by the Mexican composer Armando Dominguez. The 17-second original footage that is included in the finished product is the segment with the two tortoises (the original footage is also shown in Bette Midler's host sequence for The Steadfast Tin Soldier in Fantasia 2000, where she referred to Destino as an "idea that featured baseball as a metaphor for life").

Public screenings
Destino premiered on June 2, 2003 at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival in Annecy, France. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film of 2003. In 2004, Destino was released theatrically in a very limited release with the animated film The Triplets of Belleville, and also with Calendar Girls.

In 2005, the film was shown continuously as part of a major retrospective Dalí show at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, titled The Dalí renaissance: new perspectives on his life and art after 1940.

The film was also shown as part of the exhibition Dalí & Film at Tate Modern from June to September 2007, as part of the Dalí exhibit at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art from October 2007 to January 2008;  at an exhibition at New York's Museum of Modern Art called Dalí: Painting and Film from June to September 2008; also at an exhibit at the Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida in 2008. In mid-2009, it had exposure in Melbourne, Australia at the National Gallery of Victoria through the Dalí exhibition Liquid Desire, and from late 2009 through April 2010 at the Dayton Art Institute in Dayton, Ohio, in an exhibit entitled Dalí and Disney: The Art and Animation of Destino.

In 2012, the film was featured in the "Dalí" exhibition at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris and at the Museo Reina Sofía in Madrid.

In 2019, Destino was featured in the Dalí exhibition at the Potsdamer Platz in Berlin.

In 2022 and 2023, Destino was shown on a continuous loop in the exhibition Objects of Desire: Surrealism and Design 1924 – Today, at the Design Museum in London.

Home media
The Disney DVD True-Life Adventures, Volume 3 has a trailer for Destino, and mentions a forthcoming DVD release. Destino was made available on the Fantasia & Fantasia 2000 Special Edition Blu-ray released on November 30, 2010, as well as on the standalone Fantasia 2000 Blu-ray. A standalone DVD release has also been made available exclusively from the Salvador Dalí Museum and Dalí Theatre and Museum. These releases were accompanied by a feature length documentary on the project called "Dali & Disney: A Date with Destino". Destino was released on the Disney+ streaming service in January 2020.

See also
 List of works by Salvador Dalí

Notes

Additional production by Walt Disney Feature Animation Paris

References

Further reading

Dali and Disney: A Date With Destino - via YouTube

External links

2003 animated films
2000s avant-garde and experimental films
2003 films
2000s Disney animated short films
Fantasia (franchise)
Animated films without speech
Film with screenplays by Salvador Dalí
Walt Disney

Destino


An Chloris cruciata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Olof Swartz. An Chloris cruciata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Chloris, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Chloris

Chloris cruciata


Nokta ya da benek, kalemin ayrı kullanım alanlarında defterde veya başka bir şeyde bıraktığı izdir.

Noktanın kullanım alanları:

1. Cümlenin sonuna konur:
Türk Dil Kurumu, 1932 yılında kurulmuştur.
Saatler geçtikçe yollara daha mahzun bir ıssızlık çöküyordu.
(Reşat Nuri Güntekin)

2. Cümle değeri taşıyan anlatımların sonuna konur.

3. Bazı kısaltmaların sonuna konur:
Alb. (albay), Dr. (doktor), Yrd. Doç. (yardımcı doçent), Prof. (profesör), Cad. (cadde), Sok. (sokak), s. (sayfa), sf. (sıfat), vb. (ve başkası, ve benzeri, ve bunun gibi), Alm. (Almanca), Ar. (Arapça), İng. (İngilizce).

4. Sayılardan sonra sıra bildirmek için konur:

3. (üçüncü), 15. (on beşinci);
II. Mehmet, XIV. Louis, XV. yüzyıl;
2. Cadde, 20. Sokak, 4. Levent.

5. Bir yazının maddelerini gösteren rakam veya harflerden sonra konur:
I. 1. A. a.
II. 2. B. b.

6. Tarihlerin yazılışında gün, ay ve yılı gösteren sayıları birbirinden ayırmak için konur:
29.5.1453, 29.X.1923
Tarihlerde ay adları yazıyla da yazılabilir.Bu durumda ay adlarından önce ve sonra nokta kullanılmaz: 29 Mayıs 1453

7. Saat ve dakika gösteren sayıları birbirinden ayırmak için konur:
Tren 09.15′te kalktı.
Toplantı 13.00'te başladı.
Tören 17.30′da, hükûmet daireleri kapandıktan yarım saat sonra başlayacaktır.
(Tarık Buğra)

8. Bibliyografik künyelerin sonuna konur:
Agâh Sırrı Levend, Türk Dilinde Gelişme ve Sadeleşme Evreleri, TDK Yayınları, Ankara, 1960. nokta

9. Dörtten çok basamaklı sayılarda bölüklerin arasına nokta konabilir:
326.197, 49.750.812, 28.434.250.310.500

10. Matematikte çarpma işareti yerine kullanılır:
4.5=20

11. Jeodezide nokta; Arazi ölçü çalışmalarında; araziye yerleştirilen hem koordinatları(x.y:z) ölçülen hem de koordinat ölçüsünde kullanılan sabit (beton blok, metal boru ya da çivi, ahşap kazık gibi.)işaretlere veya ölçüsü yapılacak detayı belirleyen işaretlere verilen addır.

12.Web adreslerinde domain isimlerinden önce kullanılır ve içinde başka noktalama işaretleri de bulunur.

Kaynakça
 Yazım Kuralları, Türk Dil Kurumu

Noktalama işaretleri

Nokta


El MSC Sinfonia es un crucero de la clase Lirica operado por MSC Crociere. Fue construido en 2002 por Chantiers de l'Atlantique de Saint-Nazaire, Francia para la extinta Festival Cruises como el MS European Stars.

Construcción
El MSC Sinfonia no fue concebido con este nombre ni tampoco para MSC Crociere. Su primer nombre fue European Stars y fue el segundo de los dos buques gemelos encargados por Festival Cruises a Chantiers de l'Atlantique de Saint-Nazaire, Francia. El primer hermano era el European Vision.

El precio del contrato para la construcción del buque era de 185,5 millones de euros. Los dos barcos gemelos de la clase Mistral fueron construidos en la misma plataforma y por el mismo astillero en 1999, pero con un añadido de 35m de sección con más espacios para pasajeros y una cubierta adicional de cabinas con balcones privados.

La construcción se puso en marcha en Saint-Nazaire, el 4 de marzo de 2001. Después del acondicionamiento, fue entregado a Festival Cruises el 18 de abril de 2002 y fue oficialmente botado como European Stars al día siguiente en Saint-Nazaire.

A principios del año 2015 se sometió al Programa Renacimiento, un ambicioso proyecto emprendido por MSC Cruceros. En este programa, la naviera invertirá 200 millones de euros reformando cuatro de sus buques más viejos, los que forman la Clase Lirica.

Historia

El European Stars entró al servicio de Festival Cruises 25 de abril de 2002 en un crucero desde Barcelona. Su carrera en Festival Cruises resultó corta, ya que la empresa se declaró en quiebra en enero de 2004 y el European Stars fue incautado y depositado posteriormente en Barcelona el 19 de enero de 2004. El barco permaneció parado durante varios meses, hasta que fue vendido a MSC Crociere en julio de 2004 por 220 millones de euros y fue rebautizado como MSC Sinfonia. Su gemelo, el European Vision también se unió a la flota de MSC, como MSC Armonia.
El MSC Sinfonia entró en servicio con sus nuevos propietarios en marzo de 2005.

Diseño

Diseño exterior

El European Stars y su hermano gemelo European Vision compartieron un aspecto exterior similar, como el Mistral, pero con un casco más largo y más alto. Cómo el European Vision, la nave tenía un casco completamente blanco y la superestructura tenía franjas decorativas de color azul y amarillo pintados en el casco, y un embudo de color azul, con el logotipo F amarillo de Festival Cruises, que mantiene, pero ahora con el logotipo de la brújula blanca de MSC Cruceros. Inicialmente, su casco era de color blanco, sin adornos, pero el 15 de abril de 2008, MSC manifestó su intención de pintar el logo de la brújula a los lados de todos sus barcos durante el año 2008.

Diseño interior

La decoración del interior del MSC Sinfonia se describe como Moderno Europeo por el autor de la remodelación del crucero Douglas Ward, con muebles minimalistas que se encuentran en lugares poco prácticos. Los espacios públicos incluyen dos restaurantes principales (Il Galeone y Il Covo), un auto-servicio de bufé (La Terraza Buffet), la cafetería (Caffè del Mare), un teatro de dos pisos de alto (San Carlo Theatre), una discoteca (Pasha Club), varios bares, un casino (San Remo Casino) y una biblioteca. El "puente 12" incluye una pista de fútbol y baloncesto al aire libre, piscina y dos jacuzzis, además de un simulador de golf.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Buques de pasajeros
Barcos de MSC Cruceros
Barcos de 2002

MSC Sinfonia


Starmania es una ópera rock franco/quebequesa escrita en el año 1976 con música de Michel Berger y letra de Luc Plamondon.  Algunas de sus canciones han pasado a la cultura pop francófona.

En 1978, su primera grabación fue lanzada (en francés), subtitulada Starmania, ou la passion de Johnny Rockfort selon les évangiles télévisés ("Starmania, o la Pasión de Johnny Rockfort según los evangelios televisados") con los papeles principales interpretados por Daniel Balavoine, Claude Dubois, Diane Dufresne, Nanette Workman, France Gall, Eric Esteve y Fabienne Thibeault.

En 1979 el espectáculo debutó en escena en París, con Balavoine, Étienne Chicot, Dufresne, Gall y Thibeault, seguida por producciones canadienses en 1980 y 1986 y reposiciones francesas en 1988 y a lo largo de los años noventa.

En 1992, una versión en inglés del espectáculo fue creada con el lanzamiento del álbum Tycoon, con letras de Tim Rice, y protagonizada por Celine Dion, Nina Hagen, Peter Kingsbery, Cyndi Lauper, Willy Deville, y Tom Jones en los papeles principales de la grabación. El estreno estadounidense de Tycoon, con lestras en inglés, se produjo en el Teatro UTEP Dinner en El Paso (Texas) en 1996, con Plamondon en el público. Se representó en París alternando con la versión francesa durante unos pocos meses.

En las estadísticas de Operabase aparece con 2 representaciones en el período 2005-2010, siendo la obra más representada de Michel Berger.

Contexto
Michel Berger quedó insatisfecho tras el fracaso del musical ''Angelina Dumas'', basado en el álbum estrenado en 1975, pero era muy consciente de que este género no estaba en absoluto de moda en Francia en aquella época. France Gall le aconsejó que buscara un autor capaz de traducir la violencia que intentaba expresar, y tras hacerle escuchar a Diane Dufresne, descubre el nombre de Luc Plamondon, autor de las canciones de Dufresne. Ambos se conocieron en Montreal en noviembre de 1976 y trabajaron juntos en la primavera de 1977.

De acuerdo con L'Avenir, Starmania, que debutó en 1979, fue una novedad; ya que fue el primer musical creado originalmente en francés. Hasta entonces, los musicales eran patrimonio de los estadounidenses y luego se transponían al francés, por ejemplo Hair, creada en 1967 y cuya versión francesa se representó en 1969 en París con Julien Clerc y Gérard Lenorman, e incluso Jesucristo Superestrella, creada en 1971, y con una versión francesa de Pierre Delanoë el mismo año. Después de La Vie, Michel Berger pensó en crear una ópera rock en 1974, pero "nadie creía en el éxito de este tipo de espectáculo en francés a este lado del Atlántico", y los creadores de Starmania tuvieron dificultades para encontrar un productor para el espectáculo.

Sinopsis de la versión original (1979)
En un futuro próximo, Occidente se unifica en un solo estado. Muchas personas sueñan, de un modo u otro, con "convertirse en una estrella".

A medida que se acercan las elecciones presidenciales, Monópolis, la capital del Oeste, es aterrorizada por la banda de las Estrellas Negras. El líder de la banda, Johnny Rockfort, está bajo la influencia de Sadia, una estudiante agitadora de la alta sociedad que en realidad es un hombre vestido de mujer. En el metro de Monópolis, Marie-Jeanne, camarera del Café Subterráneo, escucha los continuos boletines informativos del televangelista (presentador de noticias) Roger Roger en el canal Tele-Capital. También es testigo de los preparativos de Sadia y Johnny para los ataques.

Sobre este café subterráneo se eleva la torre dorada del multimillonario y exmilitar Zéro Janvier. Él anuncia su candidatura a las elecciones presidenciales y defiende un modelo de sociedad seguro, racista, económicamente liberal y decididamente alejado de cualquier concepción ecológica: el "nuevo mundo atómico". Su principal oponente, el Gurú Marabout, aboga por una vuelta a la naturaleza y una mayor libertad de costumbres.

En Tele-Capital, la presentadora estrella Cristal presenta el programa Starmania, que promete a los candidatos convertirse en "la estrella por una noche". Ziggy, un joven gay vendedor de discos del que Marie-Jeanne está enamorada, sueña con aparecer en Starmania y alcanzar la fama como primer bailarín de rock del mundo. Al oírle hablar de sus planes, Sadia decide robarle el protagonismo y llama a Cristal para ofrecerle una entrevista exclusiva y clandestina con Johnny. Cristal y Johnny se enamoran inmediatamente a primera vista: ella huye con él, mientras la prensa cree que ha sido secuestrada. Se produce un desencuentro con Sadia cuando ésta decide hackear la frecuencia de Tele-Capital durante un debate entre Zéro Janvier y el Gurú Marabout para afirmar ante el mundo que está con Johnny Rockfort: éste se pone del lado de Cristal, y Sadia deja entrever sus celos.

Al mismo tiempo, Stella Spotlight, una actriz de cine hipersexualizada y deprimida, anuncia el fin de su carrera. Zéro Janvier ve en ella una baza de comunicación y le ofrece convertirse en su musa política. Aparece públicamente con el multimillonario y luego dirige una campaña activa para él. Pero Stella, psicológicamente destruida, participa en sesiones de terapia de grupo que rozan la orgía, organizadas por el gurú Marabout. Entonces, Zero le propone matrimonio. La boda se celebra en la discoteca situada en lo alto de la torre dorada, Naziland.

Cristal se convierte en una heroína popular. Ella y Johnny, que ahora está separado de Sadia, deciden volar la torre esa noche. Ziggy, que ha desaparecido sin dar noticias a Marie-Jeanne, se ha convertido en disc-jockey en Naziland. Sadia se entera del ataque planeado por las Estrellas Negras y, furiosa por los celos, denuncia a Johnny y Cristal ante Zéro Janvier. Los hombres armados de Zéro Janvier van tras las Estrellas Negras. Cristal muere durante la persecución, lanzada desde lo alto del edificio. Mientras su cuerpo es llevado en procesión, Marie-Jeanne abandona el mundo subterráneo y la alienación de su trabajo.

Poco después de estos acontecimientos, Zéro Janvier es elegido Presidente de Occidente. Johnny intenta asesinarle, pero sus secuaces le disparan. La escena final ve cómo el espíritu de Johnny se eleva a otros cielos, mientras los terrícolas cantan al universo su desesperación debido a su condición.

Referencias

Musicales de 1979
Musicales
Teatro de Canadá
Óperas rock
Musicales representados en París

Starmania


Yunsi (29 March 1680 – 5 October 1726), born as Yinsi, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty in China. The eighth son of the Kangxi Emperor, Yunsi was a pivotal figure in the power struggle over the succession to his father's throne. Yunsi was believed to be favoured by most officials in the imperial court to be the next emperor but ultimately lost the struggle to his fourth brother Yinzhen, who became the Yongzheng Emperor.

After the Yongzheng Emperor ascended the throne in 1723, Yunsi was named a top advisor to the new emperor and imperial chancellor, the head of the Lifan Yuan, in addition to being awarded the title "Prince Lian of the First Rank". He was removed from office four years later, his titles stripped, then he was banished from the imperial clan. He was charged with a litany of crimes and sent to prison, where he died in disgrace. He was posthumously rehabilitated during the Qianlong Emperor's reign.

Early life
Yunsi was born to the Kangxi Emperor and Consort Liang (née Wei Shuangjie), a Manchu woman of the Plain Yellow Banner, and raised by the Consort Hui, mother of Yinzhi, the first son of the Kangxi Emperor. Consort Liang was seen by some historians as coming from a disadvantaged background, because she was a member of the "Sin Jeku" () slave caste before she became the Kangxi Emperor's consort. While the low status of her mother's family affected Yinsi's prestige within the ranks of the princes, it also gave Yinsi the impetus to overcome the odds through hard work and cultivating moral character.  Over time, Yinsi became one of the Kangxi Emperor's favourite sons. He was popular with officials at court, and his uncle Fuquan would often praise him in front of his father, the Kangxi Emperor. At the age of only 18, Yinsi was granted the rank of doroi beile, the third highest rank of nobility.

Succession struggle
The Kangxi Emperor had initially chosen Yinreng, his second son to survive into adulthood, as crown prince. However, towards the later years of the emperor's reign, Yinreng engaged in increasingly licentious activities and also established a strong political base revolving around his own authority, causing him to rapidly lose favour.  In 1708, during a hunting trip to Rehe, the Kangxi Emperor grew suspicious that the crown prince was conspiring to oust him in a coup. Yinreng was stripped of his position as crown prince and then placed under house arrest. Four days later, in an apparent sign of trust, the Kangxi Emperor commissioned Yinsi to oversee the imperial household department to 'clean house' and remove some vestiges of Yinreng's influence. However, Yinsi used this unique vantage point as an opportunity to curry favour with those previously loyal to Yinreng. Yinsi, widely known to have a strong base of support among the officials of court due to his moral character and wide range of talents, emerged as a serious contender for crown prince. The breadth of his support was his downfall, as it aroused suspicion from the emperor that Yinsi was competing for influence not against other princes but against the emperor himself.

Yinsi's support network, which included many top-ranking officials, the Ninth Prince Yintang, Tenth Prince Yin'e, and the 14th Prince Yinti, became a formidable clique in imperial affairs, bound together by their desire to see Yinsi become the next emperor. Collectively, this group became known as the Baye Dang, or the Eighth Lord Party (). The Baye Dang often saw itself at odds with the Crown Prince Party (), a similarly influential group bound by their interest of maintaining the position of the crown prince. Once Yinreng was removed as heir apparent, some supporters of Yinsi engaged in conspiracies to murder Yinreng.

Shortly after Yinreng was deposed as crown prince, Yinzhi, the eldest son of Kangxi, had run afoul of the emperor for casting sorcery spells against Yinreng. Yinzhi, seeing his own hopes of attaining the crown prince position evaporate, gave his backing to Yinsi, who had been raised in the household of his mother. At the behest of Yinzhi, a fortune teller by the name of Zhang Mingde was sent to Yinsi.  Zhang foretold that Yinsi was predestined for greatness. Yinzhi, long pre-occupied with supernatural ways to influence temporal affairs, relayed Zhang's seemingly auspicious predictions about Yinsi's future to the emperor in an attempt bolster Yinsi's case for becoming crown prince. In response, the emperor, rather than rewarding Yinsi, sentenced Zhang to death by lingchi in order to discourage others from becoming involved in the struggle for succession. The Zhang Mingde episode was a huge blow to Yinsi politically and resulted in his own house arrest.

The Kangxi Emperor, disillusioned by ambitions of his remaining sons and the ferocity with which they were plotting against one another, reinstated Yinreng in the crown prince position in 1709. However, the latter was once again stripped of his Crown Prince title a few years later. After the second removal, Kangxi became determined to select another prince as his successor. He issued an order for officials at court to divulge their own preferences on which of his sons should be the next crown prince.  In what became essentially a straw-poll vote, the majority of court officials petitioned to the Kangxi Emperor that Yinsi should assume the position of Crown Prince. The breadth of support for Yinsi had ostensibly caught the Kangxi emperor off guard. The emperor, in a stark about-face, declared the results of the mandarin vote tally invalid. The emperor became incensed at Yinsi's self-promotion in the struggles that ensued, and stripped him of his doroi beile title and stipend (later restored). Many other princes also became disgraced in the lengthy battle for succession. According to some historians, the Kangxi emperor had sensed that Yinsi had amassed greater clout than himself, ultimately pushing him to suppress any further ambition by Yinsi for the throne. Thereafter, Yinsi threw his weight behind the 14th Prince Yinti, who was seen by most observers as being destined for the throne.

Yongzheng reign
After his fourth brother, Yinzhen, succeeded their father and became known as the Yongzheng Emperor in 1722, Yinsi changed his name to "Yunsi" to avoid using the same character as the Yongzheng Emperor's personal name, considered taboo.

A few weeks after the death of the Kangxi Emperor, the Yongzheng Emperor enfeoffed Yunsi as "Prince Lian of the First Rank" (; Manchu: hošoi hanja cin wang) and he sat on the emperor's top advisory board along with Yinxiang, Maci, and Longkodo. Yinsi was charged with overseeing the Lifan Yuan, the bureaucratic organ in charge of the affairs of the Qing dynasty suzerain lands such as Mongolia. Despite bestowing Yunsi with the highest honors, the Yongzheng Emperor targeted those court officials who were Yunsi allies. The Yongzheng Emperor frequently criticised Yunsi for not performing his duties properly. In 1724, for example, the emperor ordered Yunsi to kneel in the inner reaches of the Forbidden City for an entire night, ostensibly for an infraction committed during his oversight of the Lifan Yuan. In early 1725, the emperor forcibly exiled Yunsi's wife to the interior, and forbid all communication between the two. By 1725, Yunsi had completely lost favour with the emperor, and became the target of trumped-up charges and accusations that eventually led to the stripping of Yunsi's princely title, along with his banishment from the imperial clan.

After his banishment, Yunsi was forced to rename himself "Akina" (Manchu: ; ).

Yunsi died in captivity, four years after the Yongzheng Emperor's coronation. He was posthumously rehabilitated and restored to the imperial clan under the name "Yunsi" during the Qianlong Emperor's reign.

Meaning of "Akina"
"Āqínà" () is a Chinese transliterating words of a Manchu term which has traditionally been translated as "pig" in Chinese. However it is a false rumour. Some scholars suggest the original Manchu term is "Acina" (), which actually means "to carry (with your crime)". But according to Hei tu dang (黑图档), a Manchu script document now kept in Liaoning Provincial Museum, the original term is "Akina" (). There is some dispute as to whether that is an accurate translation: "frozen fish", "fish on the chopping block", or "meat on the chopping block".

Location of residence
According to the Jingshi Fangxiang Zhigao (京师坊巷志稿), the Prince Lian family compound was located near Taijichang Road southeast of the Forbidden City, due west of the family compound of Fuquan, the Prince Yu. Its interior structure was altered shortly after Yunsi's expulsion from the imperial clan in 1725, and converted to a storehouse during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. Nevertheless, some parts of the original structure may have survived to the present day. Its approximate location is near the present-day Wangfujing Station of the Beijing Subway, near the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China.

Family
Primary Consort

 Primary consort, of the Gorolo clan (嫡福晉 郭絡羅氏; d. 1726)

Concubine

 Mistress, of the Zhang clan (張氏)
 Hongwang (弘旺; 27 January 1708 – 16 December 1762), first son

 Mistress, of the Mao clan (毛氏)
 Princess of the Third Rank (郡主; 24 June 1708 – 11 January 1776), first daughter
 Married Sun Wufu (孫五福) in July/August 1724

Ancestry

In fiction and popular culture
 Portrayed by Eric Wan in The Rise and Fall of Qing Dynasty (1988)
 Portrayed by Mark Cheng in Legend of YungChing (1997)
 Portrayed by Wang Huichun in Yongzheng Dynasty (1999), Li Wei the Magistrate (2001) and Li Wei the Magistrate II (2004)
 Portrayed by Savio Tsang in The King of Yesterday and Tomorrow (2003)
 Portrayed by Huang Leixin in Huang Taizi Mishi (2004)
 Portrayed by Liu Dekai in The Book and the Sword (2008)
 Portrayed by Feng Shaofeng in Palace (2011) and Palace II (2012)
 Portrayed by Kevin Cheng in Scarlet Heart (2011)
 Portrayed by Louis Cheung in Gilded Chopsticks (2014)
 Portrayed by He Zhi Long in Dreaming Back to the Qing Dynasty (2019)

See also
 Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
 Ranks of imperial consorts in China#Qing

References

Further reading

Kangxi Emperor's sons
Manchu Plain Yellow Bannermen
Manchu politicians
Chinese people who died in prison custody
Prisoners who died in Chinese detention
1681 births
1726 deaths
Qing dynasty government officials

Yunsi


La Liguilla Pre-Libertadores de América de 1990 fue la decimosexta edición del Torneo Liguilla Pre-Libertadores de América, correspondiente a la temporada 1990 del fútbol uruguayo. El torneo se disputó durante enero de 1991.

La función del torneo era encontrar a los equipos clasificados para la próxima edición de la Copa Libertadores de América. Por segunda vez en la historia, el campeón fue Nacional.

Participantes
Los clasificados fueron los 5 mejor posicionados del Uruguayo 1990, sumados a Wanderers, clasificado como campeón del Torneo Competencia de ese año.

Sistema de disputa
Tal cual era tradicional, el torneo se disputaba en el verano del año siguiente al campeonato uruguayo correspondiente, enfrentándose 6 equipos todos contra todos a una única rueda, disputándose todos los partidos en el Estadio Centenario en horario preferentemente nocturno.

El campeón del evento obtenía la clasificación a la Libertadores de ese año, así como también el segundo posicionado; con la excepción de que si el campeón uruguayo no lograba la clasificación, tenía derecho a un partido de repesca ante el referido segundo posicionado de la Liguilla.

Desarrollo

Posiciones

Desempate por el segundo puesto

Repesca para el campeón uruguayo
Como Bella Vista no clasificó a la Copa, tiene derecho a un partido de repesca ante el segundo clasificado, Racing.

Clasificados a la Copa Libertadores 1991
 Nacional (como campeón de la Liguilla)
 Bella Vista (ganador de la repesca para el campeón Uruguayo)

Referencias

Véase también
 Campeonato Uruguayo de Fútbol 1990

Enlaces externos
 Liguilla Pre-Libertadores 1974-2003

Fútbol en 1991
1990
Uruguay en 1991

pl:I liga urugwajska w piłce nożnej (1990)#Liguilla Pre-Libertadores 1990


Migas rejse er en børnefilm instrueret af René Bo Hansen efter manuskript af René Bo Hansen.

Handling
Sammen med sin søster lever den ti-årige Miga et sorgløs liv på Mongoliets uendelige stepper. Familiens 200 heste er hans et og alt. Men da vinteren kommer, med kulde ned til minus 50 grader, dør alle familiens dyr. Sulten og kulden bliver for meget, og Miga's søster stikker af hjemmefra. Miga savner sin søster og sniger sig ombord på nattoget til hovedstaden for at lede efter hende. Her oplever han for første gang storbyen og dermed gadebørnenes verden. De forsøger at hjælpe ham, men politiet jager dem over alt. Den første nat sover Miga samme med sine nye venner under jorden i byens kloak og varmerørskanaler. Udenfor er kulden, politiet og de uendelige gader, men hvor er hans søster?

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2002

Børnefilm fra Danmark

Migas rejse


أمسطاص هي قرية جزائرية تقع في بلدية بوزقزة قدارة - دائرة بودواو -  ولاية بومرداس ،

قرى ولاية بومرداس

أمسطاس


سافل الويدان (باللاتينية : Safel El Ouiden) ( بالأمازيغية : ⴽⴰⵔⴱⴰⵏⵉⵜⵉ) إحدى بلديات ولاية سوق أهراس في الجزائر شمال قارة أفريقيا. ويحيط بها الزرق و بريش (ولاية أم البواقي) و ترقالت وأم العظائم وسدراتة وبئر بوحوش تبعد عن مدينة خميسة الأثرية ب 48 كم تابعة إقليميا لولاية سوق أهراس الحدودية منذ 1984 بعد أن كانت تابعة لولاية قالمة (1976) وقبلها ولاية عنابة منذ استقلال الجزائر

تتربع بلدية سافل الويدان على مساحات شاسعة من الأراضي الفلاحية مما يؤهلها لكي تكون قطبا إنتاجيا واعدا في مجال المنتوجات الفلاحية (خضر -حبوب- إنتاج الحليب -إنتاج اللحوم البيضاء والحمراء) نظرا لوجود 6 حواجز مائية.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 3500 نسمة تبعد عن كل من مدينة عنابة و تبسة و قسنطينة بحوالي 130كم وعن كل من مدينة قالمة و سوق أهراس بحوالي 100 كلم، وأغلب سكانها يعتمدون على الزراعة والفلاحة بصفة عامة، وتعتبر مدينة عذراء من حيث الاستثمار. وأهم حي في سافل الويدان الحي العريق أول نوفمبر -و حي 20 اوت 1955

تاريخها
كانت سافل الويدان أيام الثورة التحريرية تسمى كربنيتي وسميت بهذا الاسم نظرا لوجود مقر إدارة الاستعمار الفرنسي CAMP ومركز التعذيب.

اللغة

يتكلم سكان سافل الويدان اللغة الشاوية، وتستخدم اللغة العربية الفصحى في المحررات والمواثيق الرسمية، كما ينص دستور الدولة.

المراجع

بلديات ولاية سوق أهراس

سافل الويدان