Hidrocentrala Porțile de Fier II este a doua mare hidrocentrală de pe fluviul Dunărea.
Pe brațul principal al Dunării sunt amplasate dinspre malul stâng spre cel drept două centrale, fiecare cu câte opt hidroagregate, un baraj cu șapte câmpuri deversoare, o ecluză pentru navigație de 34 m lățime și o centrală suplimentară cu două hidroagregate. Pe brațul secundar Gogoșu este amplasat, în mijlocul albiei, un baraj din șapte câmpuri deversoare și, alăturat, pe partea dreaptă a brațului, o centrală suplimentară cu două hidroagregate.

Cele două centrale de bază de la Porțile de Fier II cu 2x8 hidroagregate (centrala românească și centrala sârbă), de pe brațul principal al Dunării și cele două centrale suplimentare cu 2x2 hidroagregate de pe brațul principal și de pe brațul Gogoșu sunt identice ca dispunere interioară și ca soluții constructive și sunt echipate cu același tip de hidroagregat, bulb orizontal de 27 MW și aceleași tipuri de echipamente hidromecanice.

Date generale
Caracteristicile generale sunt identice pentru cele două centrale românești (centrala de bază și centrala suplimentară Gogoșu): zece hidroagregate, fiecare cu câte o putere de 27 MW; căderea netă de calcul este de 7,45 m; debitul de calcul este 425 m/s; turația nominală este 62,5 rot/min, iar diametrul rotorului este de 7,50 m. Cele opt hidroagregate de la SHEN Porțile de Fier II sunt orizontale, capsulate cu turbine Kaplan, cu ax orizontal în traseu tubular, având diametrul rotorului turbinei de 7.500 mm, cuplate direct cu hidrogeneratoarele sincrone aferente. Construcția fiecărui hidroagregat este pe patru lagăre, trei radiale și unul axial.

Având în vedere dimensiunile și puterea unitară, aceste hidroagregate au constituit o premieră națională și europeană, exceptând Federația Rusă, în ceea ce privește dimensiunile și puterea instalată pe un grup. Centrala hidroelectrică SHEN Porțile de Fier II este cea mai mare centrală europeană echipată cu hidroeagregate de tip bulb, atât în ceea ce privește puterea instalată, cât și dimensiunile hidroagregatelor.

La Porțile de Fier II se află una din cele mai mari hidrocentrale din România, ea ocupând locul II în România după Porțile de Fier I. Amplasată la kilometrul fluvial 863+358, acest obiectiv hidroenergetic, în componența căruia, actualmente, există o centrală de bază echipată cu opt hidroagregate cu turbine tip bulb, cu puterea inițială instalată de 27 MW fiecare, aceasta fiind ridicată cu 4,4 MW după modernizare. Cele opt hidroagregate ce echipează centrala românească a SHEN Porțile de Fier II au fost puse în funcțiune în perioada 1985-1986; din cele opt hidroagregate, două sunt de fabricație rusească (L.M.Z. și Electrosila) și șase sunt de fabricație românească (U.C.M. Reșița S.A.). În anul 2004 a început modernizarea grupurilor de către firma VA TECH HYDRO & CO VIENA SRL SUCURSALA PORTILE DE FIER II. Grupul 1 de la centrala Porțile de Fier II, ce a fost scos din exploatare în luna iunie, pentru lucrări de mentenanță, urmează să fie pus în funcțiune în iulie 2009, iar Grupul 8, oprit în martie 2009, urmează să fie repornit în martie 2010, în urma unor lucrări de modernizare.

Valoarea lucrărilor de mentenanță la grupul 1 este estimată la 523.280 lei, potrivit datelor transmise de Hidroelectrica.

De asemenea, grupul 7, retras din exploatare în 14 februarie 2008, a fost repus în funcțiune în martie 2009. În urma lucrărilor de modernizare, puterea instalată a acestui agregat a crescut cu 4,4MW, potrivit datelor Hidroelectrica.
Tot aici se mai găsesc și unii din cei mai mari stâlpi de electricitate din lume - locul I - aceștia fiind atestați de Cartea Recordurilor; ei sunt confecționați din metal, la Drobeta Turnu Severin.

De asemenea, la 15 de km de Porțile de Fier II se afla Barajul Porțile de Fier II care a fost dat în folosință în 1984 fiind de tip "Baraj de greutate și de pământ" , tip "etanșare nucleu intern de argilă", fiind construit pe un teren de roci stâncoase și nestâncoase, având o înălțime de 34 m, iar lungimea coronamentului fiind de 512 m, volumul lacului fiind de 600 mil. m, având o suprafață de 5200 ha, debit deversor 11700 m/s, suprafață bazin 579.200 km, tip deversor Vane.

Lacul de acumulare, situat în arealul comunei Gogoșu, este construit tot în colaborare cu ex-Iugoslavia. Pe lângă valoarea lor economică, aceste lacuri constituie și puncte de atracție turistică, prin frumusețea peisajului de pe malurile lor.

S.H.E.N. Porțile de Fier II, amplasat la cca. 80 km în aval de Porțile de Fier I, asigură, de la inaugurarea ei din anul 1984, valorificarea potențialului hidroenergetic al Dunării pe sectorul româno-iugoslav, contribuind și la îmbunătățirea funcționării hidrocentralei Porțile de Fier I prin stabilizarea nivelului din aval al acesteia.

La 1500 de m de Hidrocentrala Porțile de Fier II se află ecluza Porțile de Fier II peste care este podul ecluzei, care face legătura între Porțile de Fier II și localitățile limitrofe. În aproprierea acesteia se află podul suspendat pe cabluri, care face legătura cu localitatea Balta Verde, aflată la 3 km.

Vezi și
 Ostrovu Mare (Mehedinți), insulă
 Ostrovu Mare, Mehedinți, localitate
 Colonia Porțile de Fier II, localitate
 Podul Ostrovu Mare

Dunărea
Hidrocentrale din România

Porțile de Fier II


Lloyd's, Londra, İngiltere'de bulunan büyük sigorta borsası. Risk üstlenen yatırımcılar olan üyelerin bir araya gelerek risklerin bölüşülmesini sağlar. Böylece Lloyd's reasürans işlevini yerine getirir. Ancak klâsik reasürörlerin aksine Lloyd's bir şirket değildir.

Lloyd's sendikaları da denilen üyeler, kişilerden (Names) ve şirketlerden oluşabilir.

2005 yılında Lloyd's ün ürettiği brüt prim 14,9 milyar pound olarak gerçekleşti. Aynı yıl ödenen hasar 3,3 milyar pound oldu.

17. yy'ın sonlarına doğru, Londra'nın dünya ticaretindeki artan önemi nedeniyle, bu şehirde nakliyat sigortacılığı konusunda da önemli bir talep doğmaya başladı. 1680'lerin sonuna doğru Edward Lloyd, Londra'da denizcilerin gittiği bir kahvehane açmıştı. Kahve, zamanla gemilerini veya yüklerini sigorta ettirmek isteyenler ile bu riskleri kabul etmek isteyenlerin buluşma noktası halini aldı. Lloyd's, zamanla kahvehaneden nakliyat ve özel riskler konusunda uzmanlaşmış dünya çapında bir sigorta borsası haline dönüştü.

1980'lerin sonu ile 1990'ların başında Lloyd's büyük bir buhranla karşılaştı. 70'li yıllardan kalan sorumluluk sigortaları kaynaklı asbest hasarlarının mahkemeler sonuçlandıkça büyüyen etkisi ve tecrübesiz üyelerin bilinçsiz yatırımları nedeniye kurum kapanma tehlikesi yaşadı. Bunun sonucunda Lloyd's bir dönüşüm geçirdi ve bireysel yatırımcılardan kurumsal yatırımcıların (şirketlerin) risk aldığı bir pazar haline geldi.

Sigortacılık

Lloyd's


The Regulators is a novel by American author Stephen King, writing under the pseudonym Richard Bachman. It was published in 1996 at the same time as its "mirror" novel, Desperation. The two novels represent parallel universes relative to one another, and most of the characters present in one novel's world also exist in the other novel's reality, albeit in different circumstances.  Additionally, the hardcover first editions of each novel, if set side by side, make a complete painting, and on the back of each cover is also a peek at the opposite's cover.

King had previously "killed off" Bachman after the pseudonym was publicly exposed around the time of the 1984 release of the Bachman novel Thinner. However, on the book's jacket and in a tongue-in-cheek introduction by the book's editor, it was alleged that this 1996 work was written by Bachman years earlier, but the manuscript had only recently been discovered by his widow in a trunk.

Development
The novel began as a screenplay titled The Shotgunners. King says that film writer-director Sam Peckinpah read the script and made some suggestions, but Peckinpah died while King was writing the second draft.

Plot
Along a residential street in the suburban town of Wentworth, Ohio, a paperboy is suddenly shot by a mysterious stranger in a red van. The neighborhood's panicked civilians run for shelter while author Johnny Marinville attempts to contact the police. However, an otherworldly force prevents the call from going through. Two other colorful vans, each driven by mysterious and odd strangers, later appear and kill three more residents. Former police officer Collie Entragian directs the affected residents and corrals them into the homes of victim David Carver and veterinarian Tom Billingsley. Only two residents remain indoors the entire time, seemingly unfazed: Audrey Wyler and her autistic nephew Seth, whom she has been caring for since the death of his family two years ago, remain silent among the chaos.

During a trip to a mining town in Desperation, Nevada, an evil, otherworldly being named Tak took possession of Seth's body after it was released from a mine. Implementing strong mental influence, it later killed Seth's parents and siblings. Tak then forced Audrey's husband to commit suicide. To survive, Audrey took refuge in a mental construct of her creation, modeling her safe place after a favorite retreat. Seth, meanwhile, is sent into the deep recesses of his mind while Tak is in control and suffers poor hygiene and nutrition as a result of the creature's neglect. Because of his autism, Seth displays a gifted mental strength that is likely the reason Tak was drawn to him in the first place. It also helps keep his mind intact while Tak is in control.

Tak is the source of the vans, which are derived from the cartoon MotoKops 2200, which Seth watches religiously. Seth also often watches a Western movie named The Regulators, and Tak eventually transforms the neighborhood into an Old West landscape with no way to escape, as some of the residents soon find.

After several other people are killed in various ways (including Collie, after being mistakenly shot by a neighborhood teenager named Jim Reed, who then committed impulse suicide), Seth makes time for Audrey to escape the house while Tak is preoccupied. After Audrey puts a laxative in Seth's milk, she takes the chance to go across the street to the Carver's home and explain the situation to the others. Seth ingests the laxative which causes Tak to leave Seth's body temporarily as it cannot stand witnessing the boy defecate. She slips back to the house with Johnny to try to rescue Seth before Tak returns, but Cammie Reed follows, with a gun. Distraught over the death of her son, Jim, earlier, Cammie kills Seth, and mortally wounds Audrey as Tak tries to re-enter the boy's body. Tak's attention is then diverted to her and it enters Cammie's body instead. However, she cannot hold up to Tak the way that Seth could and her body is destroyed as a result of the possession. Tak leaves her in the form of smoke and dissipates in the wind. The vans disappear and the landscape is returned to its normal state.

A short epilogue in the form of a letter reveals that Seth's and Audrey's spirits have taken up residence at the meadow from Audrey's mental sanctuary, and live there happily in what is implied to be an alternate parallel paradise.

Characters

Cary Ripton; paperboy and baseball player.
Hannibal; German Shepherd of the Reed family.
Mary Jackson; wife of Peter Jackson. Had an affair.
Peter Jackson; English professor and husband of Mary Jackson.
Collie Entragian; former police officer.
Kirsten Carver; mother of Ralph and Ellen Carver, wife of David Carver, who calls her 'Pie'.
David Carver; father of Ralph and Ellen Carver, husband of Kirsten Carver.
Ralph Carver; 6 year old favorite child of mother Kirsten Carver and father David Carver. Brother of Ellen Carver whom he calls 'Margrit the Maggot'.
Ellen 'Ellie' Margaret Carver; 11 year old sister of Ralph Carver and daughter of David and Kirsten Carver.
Tom Billingsley; retired town veterinarian.
John Edward Marinville; author acclaimed for his novel Delight, and work on children's books. Former alcoholic and mediocre guitar player.
Steve Ames; wandering guy in a truck.
Cynthia Smith; worker at the EZ Stop 24.
Brad Josephson; husband of Belinda Josephson.
Belinda 'Bee' Josephson; wife of Brad Josephson.
Marielle Soderson; rude wife of Gary Soderson.
Gary Soderson; alcoholic husband of Marielle Sanderson.
Debbie Ross; visiting friend of Susie Geller.
Susie Geller; teenage daughter of Kim Geller and friend of Debbie Ross.
Kim Geller; racist mother of Susie Geller.
Cammie Reed; mother of Jim and David Reed.
Jim Reed; son of Cammie Reed, twin of David Reed, and potential love interest of Susie Geller.
David Reed; son of Cammie Reed, twin of Jim Reed, and potential love interest of Susie Geller.
Audrey Wyler; widow of Herb Wyler and aunt to Seth Garin. Victim of years of psychological abuse from Tak.
Herb Wyler; deceased husband of Audrey Wyler and uncle to Seth Garin. Casualty of years of psychological abuse from Tak.
Seth Garin; deceptively brilliant 8 year old autistic orphan. Nephew to Audrey and Herb Wyler and the only host of Tak.
The Hobarts; a severely religious family that had to move as a result of torture from Tak.

References to other King works
In the novel's epilogue, a letter written by a woman on her honeymoon to her friend mentions one of Stephen King's earlier works, The Shining.

As a mirror novel, characters from Desperation appear, though in different roles and, in some cases, different physical appearances.

Adaptations

In August 2014, King mentioned that there had been discussions about turning The Regulators into a TV series, but no other mention was made thereafter.

In August 2022, it was announced that Bohemia Group had optioned the rights to the novel for an adaptation and tapped George Cowan to write the script with Justin Ross as producer, who also co-wrote the screenplay with Cowan.

References

External links
The Regulators at stephenking.com

1996 American novels
American horror novels
Dutton Penguin books
Novels by Richard Bachman
Novels set in Ohio

The Regulators (novel)


Stigs Bjergby-Mørkøv Sogn er et sogn i Holbæk Provsti (Roskilde Stift). Sognet blev dannet 1. december 2015 ved sammenlægning af Stigs Bjergby Sogn og Mørkøv Sogn.

I 1800-tallet var Mørkøv Sogn anneks til Stigs Bjergby Sogn. Begge sogne hørte til Tuse Herred i Holbæk Amt. Stigs Bjergby-Mørkøv sognekommune blev senere delt så hvert sogn blev en selvstændig sognekommune. Ved kommunalreformen i 1970 blev både Stigs Bjergby og Mørkøv indlemmet i Tornved Kommune, der ved strukturreformen i 2007 indgik i Holbæk Kommune.

I sognet ligger Stigs Bjergby Kirke og Mørkøv Kirke.

Noter

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

Sogne i Holbæk Kommune
Sogne i Roskilde Stift
Etableret i 2015

Stigs Bjergby-Mørkøv Sogn


كورينتين مارتينز دا سيلفا  (مواليد 11 يوليو 1969) لاعب كرة قدم فرنسي معتزل كان يجيد اللعب في مركز الوسط المهاجم، انتقل بعد اعتزاله اللعب إلى عالم التدريب، وكان بدايته عام 2006 مع نادي كويمبيريوس المنافس في الدرجات الفرنسية الدنيا حتى العام الموالي، وبعد أن عمل مدربا مؤقتا ومساعادا على عدة فترات مع نادي بريست الفرنسي، كان تجربته الأبرز مع المنتخب الموريتاني الذي دربه لمدة سبع سنوات (2014–2021) وقاده للتأهل إلى كأس أمم إفريقيا لأول مرة في تاريخه نسخة 2019، وكرر التأهل لنسخة 2021، كما قاد منتخب «المرابطون» لبطولة كأس العرب 2021. ويعمل حاليا مدربا لمنتخب ليبيا لكرة القدم منذ أبريل 2022.

لعب مارتينز في أندية بريست (1988-1991) أوكسير (1991-1996) ديبورتيفو لاكورونيا (1996-1997) ستراسبورغ (1998-2004) بوردو بالإعارة (1999-2000) كليرمونت (2004-2005).

ساهم مارتينز في تتويج نادي أوكسير ببطولة دوري الدرجة الأولى موسم 1995/1996 وكأس فرنسا مرتين موسمي 1993/1994 و1995/1996 كما ساهم في تتويج نادي ستراسبورغ ببطولة كأس فرنسا موسم 2000/2001 .

شارك مارتينز مع منتخب فرنسا في 14 مباراة دولية مسجلا هدف واحد في الفترة من 1993 إلى 1997 . أول مباراة دولية كانت في مواجهة منتخب النمسا في 27 مارس 1993 وانتهت بالفوز 1/0 . تم استدعاء مارتينز للمشاركة في بطولة كأس الأمم الأوروبية لكرة القدم 1996 التي أقيمت في إنجلترا ولكنه لم يلعب في أي مباراة بسبب تواجد زين الدين زيدان.

تولى مارتينز تدريب نادي كويمبيريوس (2006-2007) بريست لفترة قصيرة (2008).

نحج في قيادة موريتانيا للتأهل لكأس الأمم الأفريقية لأول مرة في تاريخها في دورة عام 2019.

المراجع

روابط خارجية

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم من بريست (فرنسا)
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون فرنسيون مغتربون في إسبانيا
رياضيون فرنسيون مغتربون في موريتانيا
رياضيون من بريست (فرنسا)
فرنسيون من أصل برتغالي
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو أوكسير
لاعبو بريست
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1996
لاعبو بوردو
لاعبو ديبورتيفو لاكورونيا
لاعبو ستراسبورغ
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم من بريتاني
لاعبو كليرمونت
لاعبو منتخب بريتاني لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب فرنسا لكرة القدم
مدربو الدوري الفرنسي
مدربو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 2019
مدربو كرة قدم فرنسيون
مدربو كرة قدم فرنسيون مغتربون
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في ليبيا
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في موريتانيا
مدربو منتخب ليبيا لكرة القدم
مدربو منتخب موريتانيا الوطني لكرة القدم
مدربو نادي بريست
مواليد 1969
مواليد في بريست (فرنسا)

كورينتين مارتينز


Tovarníky (ungarisch Tavarnok) ist eine Gemeinde im Westen der Slowakei, mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) und gehört zum Okres Topoľčany, einem Kreis des Nitriansky kraj.

Geographie

Die Gemeinde liegt im nördlichen Donauhügelland (Teil des slowakischen Donautieflands) am Bach Chotina, einem Zufluss von Nitra. Das Ortszentrum liegt auf einer Höhe von  und ist drei Kilometer nordwestlich von Topoľčany gelegen.

Geschichte
Tovarníky wurde zum ersten Mal 1235 schriftlich erwähnt. Nach dem Untergang der Burg Topoltschan im Inowetz war das Landschloss Sitz eines Herrschaftsguts, das bis 1945 bestand, als es parzelliert wurde.

1944–1949 war die Nachbargemeinde Jacovce nach Tovarníky eingegliedert. 1976–1992 war der Ort Teil der Stadt Topoľčany.

Bevölkerung
Ergebnisse nach der Volkszählung 2001 (1248 Einwohner):

Persönlichkeiten
 Jozef Pantocsek (1846–1916), Mediziner, Botaniker
 Ladislav Goga (* 1978), slowakischer Nationalspieler im Handball

Bauwerke

 barockiertes Stummer-Landschloss (siehe Bild), ursprünglich 1600–1610 vom Geschlecht Forgách erbaut, mit einem großen Park
 Kapelle der Kreuzerhöhung aus dem Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in der Slowakei
Ersterwähnung 1235

Tovarníky


John Henry Holland (2. februar 1929 – 9. august 2015) var en amerikansk videnskabsmand og professor i psykologi og elektricitet og computer science ved University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Han var den første der beskrev genetiske algoritmer.

Videnskabsfolk fra USA

J.H. Holland


Zaselje je naseljeno mjesto u općini Travnik, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH.

Nalazi se sjeveroistočno od općinskog središta.

Stanovništvo

1991.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 1991. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 60

 Srbi - 60

2013.

Na popisu stanovništva 2013. godine bilo je bez stanovnika.

Izvori

Naselja u županiji Središnja Bosna
Travnik

Zaselje (Travnik, BiH)


An Restio zuluensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Hans Peter Linder. An Restio zuluensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Restio, ngan familia nga Restionaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Restio

Restio zuluensis


Johannes Christian Johansen (født 4. januar 1878 i Vestermark ved Viborg, død 21. juni 1949 i Løgstrup) var en dansk husmand og politiker.

Han var søn af arbejdsmand Søren Christensen (død 1900) og Marie Johansen (død 1932), var på højskoleophold på Vestbirk Højskole i vinteren 1899-1900 og var statshusmand i Kvosted fra 1908 til 1932, hvorefter han flyttede til Løgstrup. Han blev gift 20. december 1904 med Kirstine Christensen (født 13. februar 1871), datter af landpost Morten Christensen (død 1883) og hustru Mette Marie født Jakobsen (død 1921). Johansen og hustru var nære venner af digteren Jeppe Aakjær, og da Johansen i 1913 for første gang stillede op til rigsdagskandidat for Socialdemokratiet, var det med Aakjærs officielle støtte. Alligevel blev han ikke valgt. Til gengæld blev han i 1917 medlem af det lokale sogneråd, hvor han sad til 1921 og atter fra 1929 til 1932. Efter sin flytning blev han medlem af Vorde-Fiskbæk-Romlund Sogneråd fra 1937 til 1943. Først i 1918 blev han valgt ind i Rigsdagen som socialdemokratisk landtingsmand, og da han i 1948 havde været der i 30 år, måtte han gå af på grund af alder. På tinge var han medlem af Ligningsrådet fra 1938 og af Toldrådet fra 1946.

Johansen var tillige formand for Taarup socialdemokratiske Forening 1910-32, for Moesgaard Afholdsforening 1913-23, for Løvelkredsens socialdemokratiske Kredsorganisation fra 1933 og for Grundforbedringsudvalget for Viborg Amt, medlem af bestyrelsen for Taarup-Kvols-Borris Kommunes Hjælpekasse 1914-17 og af bestyrelsen for Det danske Hedeselskab fra 1935.

I juni 1949 døde Johannes Christian Johansen i sit hjem i Løgstrup. Sigfred Jensen, der var Løvelkredsens formand, tog initiativ til at samle penge ind til en mindesten, og ved afsløringen den 25. juni 1950 holdt han afsløringstalen, og forhenværende folketingsmand, redaktør A.C. Mortensen holdt mindetalen.

På stenen står der: "Husmand Johs. Chr. Johansen, f. 4-1-1878 d. 21-6-1949. Medlem af landstingen [sic] 1918 – 1948. Du slog ingen tallerkener mod væg, ingen så dig med fråde i skæg. Gik i kampen foruden larm, sejred ved troskab mer end harm. Jeppe Aakjær 1929. Rejst af småkårsfolk i Viborg amt." Verslinjerne stammer fra en sølvbryllupssang, som Jeppe Aakjær skrev til ægteparret Johansen.

Kilder
 Kraks Blaa Bog 1949 Digitaliseret udgave
 Mindesten og Monumenter i Viborg amt, Ernst Wickstrøm, Viborg Stiftsmuseum 1986, side 199. Digitaliseret

Personer i Kraks Blå Bog (afdøde)
Personer fra Jylland
Statshusmænd fra Danmark
Landstingsmedlemmer i 1910'erne
Landstingsmedlemmer i 1920'erne
Landstingsmedlemmer i 1930'erne
Landstingsmedlemmer i 1940'erne
Kommunalbestyrelsesmedlemmer fra Socialdemokraterne

Johannes Christian Johansen


Un overnight indexed swap (más conocido por sus siglas OIS, traducido al castellano como "permuta nocturna indiciada") es un swap de tipos de interés donde el tipo flotante periódico del swap es igual a la media geométrica del tipo overnight sobre cada día del período de pago. Este índice es típicamente un tipo de interés considerado menos arriesgado que su correspondiente tipo interbancario (LIBOR).

En Estados Unidos, los tipos OIS son calculados en referencia al federal funds rate diario.

El diferencial Libor-OIS (o, en concreto, la diferencia o "spread" entre los tipos LIBOR y OIS) es una importante medida del riesgo y de la liquidez de un mercado monetario, considerado por muchos, incluido el antiguo gobernador de la Reserva Federal Alan Greenspan, como un indicador poderoso para medir la tensión relativa en los mercados monetarios. Un diferencial elevado (un Libor alto) se suele interpretar como una indicación de una caída en la intención de prestar a los principales bancos, mientras que un diferencial bajo indica que hay un nivel elevado de liquidez en el mercado. Así, este spread puede verse como un indicador de la percepción de los bancos del riesgo de crédito de otras instituciones financieras y de la disponibilidad general de fondos para financiación.

El diferencial LIBOR-OIS se ha movido históricamente en torno a los 10 puntos básicos. No obstante, en plena crisis económica de 2008-2012, el diferencial se elevó hasta un máximo histórico de 364bps en octubre de 2008, indicando un severo credit crunch. Desde entonces, el diferencial ha declinado erráticamente pero sustancialmente, cayendo por debajo de los 100 puntos básicos hacia mediados de enero de 2009 y volviendo al entorno de los 10-15 puntos básicos en septiembre de 2009.

Véase también
 TED spread, aceptas
 LIBOR

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Diferencial LIBOR-OIS

Tipos de oferta interbancaria
Derivados financieros

Overnight indexed swap


يدٌ الهية  فيلم كوميدي فلسطيني مشبع بالإشارات والرموز. وهو من إخراج الفنان الفلسطيني إيليا سليمان، وإنتاج مشترك (فرنسي، فلسطيني، مغربي، ألماني) عام2001، مدته ساعة واثنتان وثلاثون دقيقة. وقد حصل الفيلم علي جائزتين، جائزة لجنة التحكيم في مهرجان كان السينمائي 2002 وجائزة (سكرين) العالمية في مهرجان السينما الأوروبية لفيلم غير أوروبي.

القصة
الفيلم سجلّ حب وألم.. قصة حب بين فتي فلسطيني من سكان الأرض الفلسطينية 1948 (ايليا سليمان) وفتاة فلسطينية من سكان الضفة (منال خضر) يلتقيان في سيارة فارهة علي حاجز إسرائيلي (نقطة تفتيش)، ويراقبان الوجع المتناثر والمعاناة علي حواجز الاحتلال الإسرائيلية.

يبدأ الفيلم بلقطات متسارعة لاهثة لبابا نويل فلسطيني (جورج إبراهيم) مطعوناً في صدره في الناصرة الحزينة.. ويصعد بابا نويل ك(سيزيف) حاملا صندوق هدايا تتناثر خلفه الي قمة جبل، نشاهد الناصرة في فيلم ايليا سليمان.. ناصرة المسيح حزينة ومعذبة وباهتة وتعاني من رتابة وكأنها تحتضر مثل سكانها الذين قتلهم الانتظار وعبث الأقدار. هذه رؤية فنية للناصرة ولكنها ليست واقعية. لقد كان هدوء وصمت ايليا سليمان (الممثل /المخرج) في الفيلم موحياً ومعبراً، فالمشاهد كان يحتقن مع كل مشهد يطل فيه وجه الممثل ايليا الحزين والدامع عن قرب. وعندما يبكي الشاب ايليا وهو يقشر البصل تختلط دموعه ببكاء قلبه علي حبيبته ووطنه الممزق والمعذب في حضن الانتظار.

المخرج الفلسطيني (مثل المخرج الأمريكي وودي آلن) يدخل في البنية الدرامية للفيلم. ويتحول الفيلم بذلك الي فيلم عائلي بيوغرافي في قالب روائي. يتابع فيه المخرج حكاية والده الذي مات بجلطة بسبب الظروف المحيطة به وقد جرده الاحتلال من سيارته ومنزله وآلات محددته لأنه مقصر في دفع الضرائب أو دفع أقساط مالية. يموت الوالد من الحسرة.

الفيلم هو حكاية علاقة الفتي الفلسطيني (ايليا) مع الفتاة الفلسطينية (منال) علي الحاجز الإسرائيلي (حاجز الرام). كيف يلتقيان وتتشابك أيديهما في علاقة حسية حميمية..تتناقض هذه المشاهد الودية بين الحبيبين مع وقائع البغض التي تحدث علي الحاجز. يشاهد الحبيبان مشاهد إذلال وعنف للركاب الفلسطينيين الذين يرغبون بزيارة القدس. فيطيّر الفتي العاشق من نافذة سطح سيارته بالوناً عليه صورة ياسر عرفات أقلق الجنود علي الحاجز، لكن عرفات (علي البالون) استطاع الافلات من حاجز المحتل وطلقات الجنود، وهكذا يزور عرفات المرسوم علي البالون الأحمر القدس بكنائسها ومساجدها ويستقر علي قبة مسجد الحرم القدسي.

لقطات تفوّق فيها الفيلم وتستحق الاهتمام

ـ لقطة يأكل فيها ايليا حبة مشمش، وعندما يلقي بالبذرة من نافذة سيارته تتفجر دبابة. هذا المشهد جاء مبكراً في الفيلم دون مقدمات موضوعية تجعل من الشاب الصامت ايليا يفجر دبابة فلم يبرر لنا المخرج ذلك ضمن سياق واضح وكان بإمكانه أن يؤخر حدوثه.

ـ عندما تتحول الفتاة (منال) إلى مقنـّع مكافح خارق يحطم أسطورة مجموعة من الجنود الإسرائيليين، تصبح الحبيبة فدائية من الخوارق تقتل من المحتلين العديد من الأفراد وتدمر طائرة عمودية.. وتتحول كافة الطلقات التي تنهال عليها كالمطر إلى هالة مقدسة تحوم حولها كطوق (هالة) من الشوك حول رأس مسيح مصلوب. التحول الذي حدث لدي الفتاة له مبرراته الموضوعية فهي شاهدت عن قرب المهانة التي يعانيها المواطنون الفلسطينيون علي الحواجز. ويمكن أن نقول أيضاً ان التحول الأسطوري الخارق للفتاة الذي يجسد العلم الفلسطيني علي الأرض شبيه بزيارة الرئيس عرفات للقدس علي بالون أحمر.

ـ المشهد الذي يجلس فيه الممثل /المخرج مع أمه في المطبخ وعلي النار طنجرة ضغط تنفس الهواء. مشهد رمزي دال علي الاحتقان لدي الشعب الفلسطيني، ولكنها لم تصل الي درجة التصفير، وانتهي الفيلم علي هذا المشهد الذي كان بإمكانه أن يصل الي قرع جرس الطنجرة كما هو طلب قرع الخزان عند غسان كنفاني في رجال في الشمس.

ـ التحولات علي حياة ايليا بعد غياب صديقته.. كيف أصبحت الأغنية أداة من أدوات الكفاح والتعبير عن الرغبة في المواجهة مع الإسرائيلي.. كانت أغنية بالإنكليزية وكأنها دعوة للحوار بلغة ثالثة بريطانية غير عربية أو عبرية.. انه تحول هائل بعد أن دمّرت بذرة في المشمش دبابة احتلالية.

ـ اختيار المخرج لحكايات صغيرة تشكل بمجموعها بعضاً من ملامح الشعب الفلسطيني في الأراضي الفلسطينية المحتلة عام 1948 وقد أصبحت حياتهم باهته حزينة محتضرة عابثة وسخيفة منفلتة من عقالها في البذاءة والسفالة والصراع البائس علي هامش مغتصب.. هذه المشاهد بمجموعها صوّرت الفلسطيني نمطياً سلبياً وسخاً، بذيئا، تافهاً، منشغلا بسيارته ورفاهيته، طائشاً، عميلاً ساقطاً، ضجراً، صامتاً، مطواعاً، كسولاً بطنه إلى الأعلى.

الفيلم يد إلهية حمل هذا العنوان بشكل موفق وكأنه دعوة صريحة لـ تدخل رباني لـ يد الهية عليا حماية للوطن الفلسطيني من عبث المحتلين العابثين وحماية لحياة المواطنين ومصيرهم وصوناً لمشاعرهم وكرامتهم. الفيلم يطلب النجدة من السماء.

بقي أن نقول أخيراً، أن الفيلم مشبع برموز وإشارات عميقة تمجّد البطولة الخارقة: في طلب النجدة الربانية من خلال عنوان الفيلم، وفي بذرة المشمش التي تفجر الدبابة، وفي الفتاة الخارقة والمقنعة التي تصنع المعجزات كما في فيلم القناع.

روابط خارجية

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0274428
http://cinemaniacs.yoo7.com/montada-f11/topic-t48.htm

مراجع

أفلام الصراع الفلسطيني الإسرائيلي
أفلام إنتاج 2001
أفلام إنتاج 2002
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية
أفلام باللغة العبرية
أفلام باللغة العربية
أفلام باللغة العربية في عقد 2000
أفلام دراما كوميدية إنتاج عقد 2000
أفلام درامية فلسطينية
أفلام درامية في 2002
أفلام فلسطينية
أفلام قصيرة
أفلام كوميديا درامية في 2002
أفلام من إخراج إيليا سليمان
تصوير ثقافي عن ياسر عرفات

يد إلهية (فيلم)


Toad (Mortimer Toynbee) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby, he first appeared in The X-Men #4 (March 1964).

Toad is most often depicted as an enemy of the X-Men and was originally a hunchbacked mutant with superhuman leaping ability. He was Magneto's sniveling servant (or "toady") in the 1960s line-up of the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants. He later became the leader of his own faction of the Brotherhood, which focused more on criminal activities than mutant liberation.

Since his inception, the character has appeared in numerous media adaptations, such as television series, films, and video games. For example, Ray Park played a significantly different version of Toad in 2000's X-Men film, and after that, aspects of this Toad have since been implemented into the comic book version. Subsequently, most versions of Toad written or drawn after 2000 resemble the Ray Park version more closely than the original Toad. A younger Toad appeared in the film X-Men: Days of Future Past, played by Evan Jonigkeit.

Publication history

Created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby, he first appeared in X-Men #4 (March 1964).

Fictional character biography

Lackey

Mortimer Toynbee was born in York, England, and was soon after abandoned by his parents and spent many years in an orphanage, where he was constantly tormented by other children due to his ugliness and strangely shaped body (as his mutant appearance was present from birth).  He was considered to be mentally inferior due to his extreme shyness and mild learning disabilities during his primary school years, though he was actually quite intelligent. He dropped out at an extremely early age and decided to fend for himself. Based on years of abuse and knowing full well he was a freak, Mortimer developed a severe inferiority complex, becoming servile to anyone that showed him the slightest bit of affection.

Later, he was recruited into Magneto's original Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, becoming Magneto's sycophantic "toady." Toad believed that Magneto loved him, while Magneto considered this henchman little more than a human shield and a useful lackey. Toad also developed a crush on his teammate Scarlet Witch, but she did not return his feelings as she was repulsed by his appearance, mannerisms, obsequiousness, and lack of hygiene.

As a member of the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, Toad aided Magneto in repeated clashes with the X-Men. Magneto tried to use him to infiltrate the X-Men, but they recognized his power and unmasked him. At one point, Magneto and Toad were captured by the alien Stranger as part of his collection, encased in cocoons, and taken on a journey through space. Magneto managed to escape by repairing a spaceship but left Toad behind. When Magneto was re-captured by the Stranger, with whom Professor Xavier had telepathically communicated, he took Toad with him during his second escape, but by then Toad's attitude towards his master had already begun to change. Toad aided Magneto against the X-Men once more, but realized that Magneto did not care at all for him, as a result, Toad rebelled against Magneto, and fled his lair with Quicksilver and the Scarlet Witch.

However, he was soon captured by Sentinels and then freed by the X-Men. He was later captured with Quicksilver and the Scarlet Witch.

Solo career
Sometime later, Toad began to study the Stranger's technology, becoming familiar with it. He used the Stranger's alien technology to menace the Avengers. He even attempted to kill the Angel in a castle outfitted with traps by Arcade. However, he instead turned the castle into an amusement park and became its caretaker. Toad was eventually ejected from the castle by Doctor Doom, and he became suicidal, realizing that he was too dependent on others to work alone. He met and was befriended by Spider-Man, and teamed with Spider-Kid and Frog-Man as the superhero adventurer team, the Misfits. However, Toad suffered from constant depression.

Eventually, Toad left the Misfits and returned to villainy. He sought repeatedly to abduct the Scarlet Witch, but was thwarted by Quicksilver, the Vision and the Scarlet Witch. Much later, he played a "game" with Gideon and sought to enlist Proteus in a new Brotherhood. He then formed his own subversive version of the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, along with Blob, Pyro and Phantazia. He transformed Karl Lykos back into Sauron and, with the Brotherhood, battled X-Force. Toad's Brotherhood also battled X-Factor and then fought Darkhawk, Sleepwalker and Portal.

X-Men: Forever
Years later, still struggling with depression, Toad was captured by Prosh, along with Juggernaut, Iceman, Jean Grey and Mystique as part of a time-hopping plan to stop a global threat. Toad learned that his deformed body was the result of experimentation by Juggernaut's father, Kurt Marko, at Alamogordo, New Mexico, which left Toad with an unstable genetic structure. The Stranger's equipment corrected his genetic flaws, resulting in an almost complete metamorphosis: Toad had a taller and slimmer appearance and had his powers augmented. Among the most notable changes was a prehensile tongue. Though his change improved his self-esteem, Toad continued to live life without direction. He joined several more incarnations of the Brotherhood of Mutants, none of which lasted for long.

Bloodsport tournament
Not long after, Toad entered the Madripoor Bloodsport Tournament. In his first fight in the tournament, Toad wrapped his extremely long tongue around the villain known as Eel, crushing his opponent's bones and seemingly killing him instantly. In the next fight, however, Toad battled Wolverine. His new abilities caught the X-Man off guard, and he managed to deal some damage. However, his overconfidence led to his defeat. Wolverine spared his life, not wanting to partake in the act of cold-blooded murder.

New X-Men
Toad made a brief reappearance on Genosha sometime after the island's annihilation, leading a team including Paralyzer and Unus to try to rebuild the statue of Magneto as a monument to him.

For reasons unknown, Toad eventually returns to Magneto's side during the Planet X storyline; however, Toad was not as docile and subservient as he had been in the past, even openly questioning Magneto at times. Magneto, in turn, is tyrannical in his treatment of Toad, who had become his second-in-command. At that point, the long-presumed-dead Magneto's image had taken a Che Guevara-like the notoriety, and Toad questioned whether Magneto may have been more powerful dead than alive. Nonetheless, Toad tries to defend his former master, only to be incapacitated by Fantomex, who shoots his kneecaps out. Shortly thereafter, Magneto is killed by Wolverine, and Toad vanishes from the scene.

It is later revealed that this was not the real Magneto, but a copycat named Xorn. It is unknown whether Toad was aware of this. It is revealed that the real Magneto is still alive. So far, Toad has made no known attempts to rejoin him. Unus' gang has come into conflict with Xavier and his allies, who have gained a foothold on Genoshan soil.

Civil War

Toad was among the group of mutants who broke out of the 198 camps, with help from Caliban, Domino, and Shatterstar. The group hid in what they believed was an abandoned nuclear bunker in the Nevada desert. While the X-Men and O*N*E battled outside the bunker, Johnny Dee was instructed by General Lazer to cause chaos amongst the 198. The group of mutants discovered this as Outlaw, being controlled by Johnny, pointed her gun at Domino. Domino's powers caused a misfire, giving Toad a chance to bring Outlaw down.

It was then revealed that the bunker was actually a blast-containment chamber for experimental weapons. As the auto-destruct sequence was initiated, Toad was trapped inside the chamber with the rest of the 198. The X-Men, teaming up with Bishop, Iron Man and Ms. Marvel, quickly found a way to rescue the trapped mutants and the 198 walked away unharmed.

Dark Reign
Toad has later seen rioting in San Francisco, angry about the fact that mutants have been forbidden to mate with each other to prevent new mutant births. Toad is faced by Cyclops and defeated. He is later seen being carried by Trance and Dragoness, who are being pursued by H.A.M.M.E.R. agents. After the battle is over, Toad is seen together with Dragoness and Avalanche living on the X-Men's new Utopia Homebase.

Second Coming
After Cyclops deputizes the population of Utopia to help fight an invasion of Nimrod Sentinels from an unknown future, Toad instructs a group of mutants, including Sack, to remain behind on the island, where they would be safe. In the middle of arguing with Sack, a Nimrod Sentinel fires on them, decapitating Sack and blowing off Toad's right index finger.

Regenesis
After the fight between Cyclops and Wolverine, the X-Men were divided between Utopia and Westchester. Toad decided to go to Westchester with Wolverine who accepts him as the school's janitor.

In the miniseries "Magneto: Not a Hero", Joseph is resurrected under unknown circumstances and forms a new Brotherhood of Mutants with Astra and mutated deformed versions of Blob, Mastermind, Quicksilver, Scarlet Witch, and Toad. It is soon revealed that the mutated versions of Blob, Mastermind, Quicksilver, Scarlet Witch and Toad are clones created by Joseph.

During the "Secret Empire" storyline, Toad became a member of New Tian's strike force following Hydra taking over the United States. He gained a secondary mutation where he can light his tongue on fire.

During the "Hunted" storyline, Toad was among the animal-themed superhumans captured by Taskmaster and Black Ant for Kraven the Hunter's Great Hunt sponsored by Arcade's company Arcade Industries. After most of the animal-themed superheroes regrouped, Toad mentioned that Man-Bull was killed amidst the chaos caused by the Hunter-Bots. Toad later assisted the animal-themed characters in fighting the Hunter-Bots. When Yellowjacket finds Black Ant hiding in the bush, Toad joins Yellowjacket, Human Fly, Razorback, and White Rabbit in preparing to take revenge on him only for Taskmaster to appear and make off with Black Ant.

In the very first issue of "House of X", when Professor X and Magneto founded a mutant-exclusive island nation on Krakoa. Toad was sent on a special mission with Mystique and Sabretooth to steal information about the Orchis Forge from Damage Control. Due to his hacking skills, they were successful and escaped, leaving Sabretooth behind to fight the Fantastic Four.

During "X-Men: The Trial of Magneto" the Scarlet Witch coaxed Magneto to strangle her to death with Uru as a part of her plan to resurrect fallen mutants whose minds were not backed up by Cerebro. The resurrected Scarlet Witch implicated Toad for her death as the Uru used for the murder was later found in his home. Pleading guilty to the murder charge, possibly as a favor to Magneto, he stated that he had killed her for turning her back on the Brotherhood and Magneto. Earning him banishment to the Pit of Exile, he claimed that he did it all for Magneto. Although the Scarlet Witch tried to advocate on the Toad's behalf, her words could not save him from his fate.

He was eventually freed by Cypher along with all the other Pit inmates on the condition that they leave Krakoa and hunt down the recently escaped Sabretooth so he can be punished for his crimes.

Throughout "Sabretooth and the Exiles", Toad joins the other exiled mutants on a journey to find Sabretooth that leads to him joining them as they infiltrate a series of Orchis' Mutant prisons and experimentation centers. Throughout most of this Toad keeps his head down and does not speak to anyone unless he has too but when they ended up in Station Three, which was somehow built inside the Astral Plane, Victor and Toad got into a fight about their mission to the Orchis Forge that led to him being put in the pit. When Toad tells him it was his own fault, Victor attacks him, they fight using special powers they have in the Astral Plane. Oya cuts them off because she discovered, someone trapped inside some kind of organic prison. Sabretooth and Toad fled, assuming the person to be hostile, but later Oya approached everyone and showed them that the prisoner was a second Victor Creed. The team escapes with the freed Orchis prisoners on their boat which Maddison used debris from the destroyed base to turn into a vessel big enough to contain them all. Sabretooth decides to enact one last plan for revenge against the Quiet Council by turning all the young mutant prisoners against Krakoa, he is interrupted when the team arrive at the final, underwater Orchis base and are hit by a tidal wave. During the commotion Sabretooth is again abducted by Orchis, telling his team to come looking for him before disappearing. The rest of the team, alongside Dr. Barrington and her creation are trapped in the base with the kids who instinctively attack them out of fear that they are there to perform more experiments. After Nanny shuts down the brains of everyone except herself and Orphan-Maker, the team all wake up on the ship except Nanny and Orphan-Maker, Dr. Barrington and her creation, and Sabretooth who all left to pursue their own goals. Nanny and Orphan-Maker take all the mutant babies with them.

Relationship with Husk

During the events of "Avengers vs. X-Men," Toad and Husk have developed a sentimental relationship. The relationship led to him quitting the Grey Academy to join her at the Hellfire Academy where she had become a teacher, but he soon finds he is relegated once again to being a janitor and sees Husk being twisted and corrupted by the Academy, quickly regretting that he joined.

In the Hellfire Academy, he found himself disillusioned with their attempts to teach the children how to be villains, feeling they should actually try educating them and tell them how unfortunate the life of a villain could be, which ended up with Husk shoving him out of the room and claiming he had embarrassed her. When he witnessed Quentin Quire - whom he had brought to the Hellfire Academy along with him - being tortured by Sauron, he finally took action and turned on the Hellfire Academy choosing to help Quentin escape. As they were escaping, they are attacked by Husk and the All-New Hellions. Husk's increasingly slipping sanity causes her to attempt to kill Toad during the fight. Despite his reluctance to hurt her, Toad begins to rip off layers of her flesh until she is left in her human form, confused about where she is and why she is not still in the Grey Academy, having apparently lost most of her memory. The Hellfire Academy is defeated, Kade Kilgore is trapped inside the Siege Perilous, and Wilhemina Kensington manages to escape, but Manuel Enduque and Maximilian Frankenstein are forced to enroll in the Jean Grey Academy. Toad is seen sitting beside Husk's hospital bed.

Later, it transpires Husk's unhinged personality was caused by a secondary mutation that caused her powers to affect her mind along with her body. Due to his earlier betrayal, Toad is fired by Wolverine as the janitor of the Grey Academy. As he leaves the school, Husk arrives to apologize to him. Toad accepts her apology and tells her he always knew things between them were too good to last. Before he can go, Husk asks him to visit her in a nearby coffee shop so she can try to get to know him and remember what she liked about him before she lost her memory. But Frankenstein creates self-replicating energy robots to attack the city and distract the staff so he and Enduque can escape the Grey Academy. Toad tracks them down and tells them how he was given a second chance and intends to take it. Frankenstein tells him to show him to prove his commitment, Toad does this by attacking and hospitalizing Enduque. Husk sits alone in the destroyed coffee shop and Toad never shows up, later she gives Enduque counselling and finds Toad left her a message saying he had to leave or else someday she would wake up and see him for what he really was. Toad is seen crying silently as he now works for Maximilian Frankenstein and recommends, they go someplace nobody can hurt them.

Powers and abilities
The Toad's intellect and physical abilities have gone through some changes over the years. In the character's inception, he possessed superhuman leg strength, endurance, agility, reflexes, coordination, and balance, as well as a superhuman ability to leap great distances. However, over the years, the Toad's original powers have increased, and he has gained additional powers through further mutation, including adhesive saliva, the ability to stick to and climb walls, and an elongated prehensile tongue.. As a result of further mutation, he now has mottled green skin and pointed-tip ears.

Toad's primary mutant ability is a superhuman leaping ability that allows him to leap many times higher and farther than an ordinary human. He possesses some degree of superhuman strength and endurance, primarily concentrated in his lower torso and legs, which grants him his superior leaping abilities. His vertebral column and skeletal structure are unusually flexible, enabling him to remain in a constant crouching position and contort his body into unusual position without injury or strain. In his first appearances, Toad had very little knowledge of hand-to-hand combat, fighting mainly by kicking wildly and by leaping about and attempting to land on his opponents (as Toad once weighed over 250 lbs. this could be potentially harmful). Recently, he has demonstrated a better sense of combat and a leaner physique, using both his leaping ability and his elongated prehensile tongue to his advantage.

As a result of having his genetic structure restored (thus stabilizing and augmenting his mutation) Toad has the ability to extend his elastic tongue up to 25 feet in length to ensnare objects and people. His tongue is superhumanly strong and tough to the extent that he once killed a magistrate of Genosha by ensnaring him within his tongue and squeezing, causing the magistrate to be crushed to death almost immediately. He can also secrete odorless pheremonous venom and psychoactive chemicals from his tongue and fingertips that allow him to influence, manipulate, and control the minds of others to a limited extent. Thanks to special pads on his hands and feet, Toad can stick to and climb most surfaces with ease, even if they are vertical, inverted, or slick. He can also secrete a highly adhesive resin from his pores that paralyzes the nervous system of anybody that touches it. Toad has also demonstrated the ability to psionically communicate with amphibian life (which he often uses as spies), and to expel powerful gusts of wind from his lungs capable of knocking someone down.

Toad's intellect has increased beyond his original levels, and he has considerable knowledge of advanced technology and access to vast technological and scientific knowledge, which he gained as a lackey to Magneto and while he was held captive by the Stranger, as well as his studies of machinery in the possession of Arcade and Arkon. He once possessed alien technology that he stole from the Stranger's world, and could utilize it to create synthezoid robots, among other uses. He has demonstrated the ability to apply this advanced technology but lacks the creativity to make progress beyond his existing knowledge. For example, while he could construct and utilize a powerful exoskeletal armor, he would be unable to improve on its base design.

Although Toad's amphibian-like traits extend to his physical appearance, this was revealed to be contingent upon his mutation during the events in which the High Evolutionary deprived the world's mutant population of their extraordinary abilities. Following the events, Toad was revealed to be an extremely handsome young man. This is as he would look had he not been born a mutant.

Toad later gained a secondary mutation where he can light his tongue on fire.

Other versions

1602
Toad appears in the Marvel 1602 series working as a spy for Enrique (Magneto) in the Vatican.  As Enrique's plot was to recruit the "witchbreed" who could conceal their abilities in the unfriendly world, it is unclear why Toad was included, as he is shown with a long tongue constantly coming out of his mouth. He also has the ability to move around on walls and ceilings. When his deception is discovered by the Papacy, he betrays Enrique and his allies in exchange for his life. However, when Enrique's group breaks free, they capture Toad. Enrique promises to kill him, but his death is at least delayed, as he is seen alive on the ship later, though he doesn't appear in the climax.

Age of Apocalypse
In the Age of Apocalypse, Toad was a member of Forge's resistance group, the Outcasts. This version of Toad was a highly articulate Shakespearean actor, and a master swordsman. When the Outcasts were attacked by Domino, Toad killed her henchman Caliban but dies immediately afterward at the hands of Grizzly.

Marvel Noir
Toad (Mortimer Toynbee) is a mutant partner of homicide detective Fred Dukes in X-Men Noir.

House of M
When a mentally unstable Scarlet Witch warped reality into the mutant-dominant House of M, Toad appeared as a member of Wolverine's Red Guard, and wrote a best-selling book about his time in Magneto's service. When his real memories were restored, he agreed to help the heroes in changing the reality back to normal.

Marvel Zombies
During Marvel Zombies, Toad is seen as a zombie, along with several other members of the zombie Freedom Force chasing after the still living Blob. They succeed, as he is seen as a zombie in Dead Days.

Powerless
In the limited series Powerless where the characters of the Marvel Universe are ordinary humans, Toad, referred to simply as Mortimer or Mort, appears as member of the shadowy organization headed by Erik Lensherr. He briefly aids Victor Creed as they search for Weapon X, but they are attacked by their target and their car runs off the road.  Mortimer's fate is unseen, but Creed assumes Weapon X kills him.  He does not appear again.

Ronin
In the limited series X-Men Ronin, Toad is an elderly teacher that several of the X-Men turn to for help when the entire Prefecture are made to believe they are monsters. Toad works to help heal Wolverine, who had been laid low by a telepathic blast.

Earth X
In the Earth X reality, Toad gains Magneto's powers and rules over Sentinel City, humiliating Magneto as payback.

Ultimate Marvel

In the Ultimate Marvel continuity, Toad was a founding member of the Brotherhood of Mutants. In this version, he is not the sycophantic Toad from the mainstream universe, but rather is ruthless and vicious. This Toad is also British like the mainstream version but has four fingers, green skin and can walk on walls and ceilings like Spider-Man. He became good friends with Ultimate Cyclops, when they were in the Brotherhood together. This friendship carried on even after Cyclops returned to the X-Men.

After the supposed death of Professor Xavier and the consequent passing of control of the school to Cyclops and Jean Grey, Toad works as an instructor at the school, something with which Jean feels mildly uncomfortable. Cyclops asks Toad to visit the Morlocks and tell them of the new school regime that he is trying to create. Sunder, the Morlock leader had taken in Nightcrawler and believes the two to be working against him. Toad and Nightcrawler are then taken captive and then freed by Cyclops, Jean, Rogue, and Iceman.

After the Apocalypse debacle, Professor X returns to the institute.  The world outside has returned to how it was before Apocalypse appeared, but the mansion has both Cyclops' group who remained behind and Bishop's team of New X-Men together as a much larger team.  Toad officially joins the team and, like Iceman, wears a bandana with the "X" symbol on it.

Toad is then rarely seen in the Ultimate X-Men comic following this and is not even shown during the "Banshee Drug" storyline where Colossus makes an X-Men team of drug-enhanced X-Men to fight Xavier's X-Men. He is a part of Xavier's X-Men during the storyline but is not shown. The Ultimatum Wave then hits New York, prompting William Stryker to attack the X-Men mansion with his soldiers. Toad is killed defending Firestar in the resulting massacre.

Ultimate Toad's personality and appearance are more snarky British punk than subservient yes-man, and he has been shown as a relatively competent fighter in his few appearances. In the first story arc ("The Tomorrow People"), Toad successfully disables both Cyclops and Storm by leaping on them, but is defeated by Iceman, who freezes his legs. Storm then strikes him with a kick across the face.

Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows
On Earth-18119 as seen in the pages of Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows, Toad is seen as a member of the Brotherhood of Mutants.

In other media

Television
 Toad makes a cameo appearance in the Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends episode "The Prison Plot". This version is a member of Magneto's Brotherhood of Evil Mutants.
 Toad appears in X-Men: Pryde of the X-Men, voiced by Frank Welker. This version is an eager-to-please sycophant and member of Magneto's Brotherhood of Mutant Terrorists.
 Toad makes non-speaking appearances in X-Men: The Animated Series. In his first appearance, this version is a member of Solarr's mutant-supremacist group, the Children of the Shadow.
 A teenage incarnation of Toad named Todd Tolansky appears in X-Men: Evolution, voiced by Noel Fisher. This version is a misguided delinquent and member of the Brotherhood of Bayville who has a Brooklyn accent and a rivalry with former classmate Nightcrawler. In a flash-forward depicted in the two-part series finale "Ascension", Toad and his fellow Brotherhood members have reformed and joined S.H.I.E.L.D.
 Toad appears in Wolverine and the X-Men, voiced by A. J. Buckley. This version is a member of the Brotherhood of Mutants who lacks combat experience.
 Toad appears in The Super Hero Squad Show, voiced again by A. J. Buckley. This version is a member of Doctor Doom's Lethal Legion.

Film

 Toad appears in X-Men (2000), portrayed by Ray Park. This version is a confident yet comedic member of Magneto's Brotherhood of Mutants who assists in his plot to build a machine capable of turning humans into mutants and fending off the X-Men before Toad is killed by Storm.

 A young Toad appears in X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), portrayed by Evan Jonigkeit. In an interview, Jonigkeit stated, "I read a lot of the comic books. I found out the storyline of my character... X-Men fans will know that Ray Park played him in the first movie, so it's a generation story of how he came to be. It's really cool." He was formerly an American G.I. who is nearly taken into custody by Bolivar Trask as part of his anti-mutant efforts before he is rescued by Mystique and gets a job at a diner.

Video games
 Toad appears as an unlockable character in X-Men: Mutant Academy. This version is a member of the Brotherhood of Mutants.
 Toad appears as a playable character in X-Men: Mutant Academy 2. This version is a member of the Brotherhood of Mutants.
 Toad appears as a playable character in X-Men: Next Dimension. This version is a member of the Brotherhood of Mutants.
 An amalgamated incarnation of Toad appears as a mini-boss in X-Men Legends, voiced by Armin Shimerman. This version is a member of the Brotherhood of Mutants who resembles his Ultimate Marvel counterpart, but possesses the mainstream counterpart's history and personality.
 Toad appears as a playable character X-Men Legends II: Rise of Apocalypse, voiced again by Armin Shimerman. This version is a member of the Brotherhood of Mutants.
 Toad appears in the Game Boy Advance version of X-Men: The Official Game.
 Toad appears in X-Men: Destiny, voiced by Alexander Polinsky. This version is a member of the Brotherhood of Mutants.
 Toad appears as a boss in Marvel: Avengers Alliance. This version is a member of the Brotherhood of Mutants.
 Toad appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes, voiced by Greg Cipes. This version is a member of the Brotherhood of Mutants.
 Toad appears in Marvel Heroes.

Merchandise
 Toad received a figure in the Marvel Legends toy line.
 Toad received several figures in the X-Men film tie-in line.
 Toad received a figure in the X-Men: Evolution tie-in toy line.

References

External links

Characters created by Jack Kirby
Characters created by Stan Lee
Comics characters introduced in 1964
Fictional characters who can stretch themselves
Fictional frogs
Fictional henchmen
Fictional hunchbacks
Fictional people from Yorkshire
Fictional taekwondo practitioners
Male characters in comics
Male characters in film
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength
Marvel Comics film characters
Marvel Comics male supervillains
Marvel Comics martial artists
Marvel Comics mutants
Marvel Comics spies
X-Men supporting characters

Toad (Marvel Comics)


An Otoglossum sancti-pauli in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Friedrich Fritz Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Norris Hagan Williams och Mark W. Chase. An Otoglossum sancti-pauli in nahilalakip ha genus nga Otoglossum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Otoglossum

Otoglossum sancti-pauli


Pseudoscorpiones veya yalancı akrep, Arachnida altsınıfına bağlı bir hayvan takımıdır.

Özellikleri
Gerçek akreplere benzemekle birlikte kuyrukları yoktur. Yaklaşık 1 mm'den başlayan uzunlukları hiçbirinde 8 mm'yi aşmaz. Uzantılarının ilk çiftinde (keliser) ipek bezi delikleri bulunur. Çene ayakları adıyla da tanınan ikinci çift (pedipalp) ise zehirli birer kıskaçla donanmıştır. Erkek dişiye kur yaparken karın bölümünden boynuzsu yapılar çıkarabilir.

Dağılım ve habitat
Soğuk bölgeler dışında yeryüzünün hemen her yerine dağılmıştır. Çoğu ağaç kabuklarının ya da taşların altında yaşar, bazıları kitapların içinde ya da eski eşyaların arasında barınır. Ilıman bölgelerde ipek salgılarıyla oluşturdukları yuvalarda kış uykusuna yatarlar. Dişiler genellikle yumurtalarını üreme deliklerine asılı bir kesede taşır. Kitap yalancıakrebi (Chelifer cancroides) yaklaşık 4 mm uzunluğundadır.

Dış bağlantılar

Kaynakça

Arachnida

Yalancı akrep


Otelo (engl. "Othello", puni naslov: "The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice"), tragedija u pet činova engleskog književnika Williama Shakespearea.

Tematizira nesigurnost i ljubomoru, rasizam, izdaju, osvetu i pokajanje. Vjeruje se da je napisana oko 1603-04. Temelji se na priči "Un Capitano Moro" talijanskog autora Cinzija, Boccacciovog sljedbenika, objavljenoj 1565. u zbirci "De gli Hecatommithi", pisanoj po uzoru na Decameron.

Radnja
Prvi čin se odvija u Veneciji, a ostali u neimenovanom lučkom gradu na Cipru. Otelo je proslavljeni general venecijanske vojske, Maur kojem će biti povjerena i uprava nad Ciprom. U tajnosti ženi mladu Venecijanku Dezdemonu koja je zaljubljena u njega. Dramu otvara razgovor između Jaga i Roderiga, u kojem se saznaje da je Otelo imenovao Cassija svojim zamjenikom, a ne Jaga, koji smatra da je to zaslužio svojom službom. Ljubomoran na Otelove uspjehe i Cassiovo promaknuće, Jago kroz nekoliko spletki dovodi Otela u uvjerenje da su Dezdemona i Cassio ljubavnici, što vodi tragičnom završetku.

Likovi

 Otelo – proslavljeni crni vojskovođa u službi Venecije
 Dezdemona – Otelova žena, kći Brabanzijeva
 Jago – Otelov prijetvorni zastavnik
 Cassio – Otelov odani poručnik
 Bianca – Cassiova draga
 Emilija – Jagova žena
 Brabanzio – venecijanski senator, Dezdemonin otac
 Roderigo – ugledni Mlečanin, zaljubljen u Dezdemonu
 Venecijanski dužd
 Graziano – Brabanzijev brat
 Lodovico – Brabanzijev rođak
 Montano – upravitelj na Cipru prije Otela
 Lakrdijaš – u službi Otelovoj
 Senatori
 Gospoda
 Časnici, činovnici, svirači, sluge i dr.

Izvedbe u Hrvatskoj
Na 67. Dubrovačkim ljetnim igrama (2016) Otelo je u režiji Ivice Boban igrao na tvrđavi Lovrijenac, u izvedbi Festivalskog dramskog ansambla. Premijera je bila 20. kolovoza. U ulozi Otela nastupio je nagrađivani prvak drame HNK Dragan Despot, u ulozi Dezdemone mlada glumica Anja Đurinović, a u ulozi Jaga Rakan Rushaidat. U ostalim ulogama su nastupili Ivana Boban (Emilija), Maro Martinović (Brabanzio), Filip Juričić (Cassio), Dado Ćosić (Rodrigo), Branimir Vidić Flika (mletački dužd), Andrej Dojkić (Montano), Livio Badurina (Lodovico), Marija Šegvić (Cassiova draga).

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
William Shakespeare: Otelo, PDF knjiga

Djela Williama Shakespearea

Otelo


Seyşeller (Seyşeller Kreyolu: Sesel; İngilizce: Seychelles; Fransızca: Seychelles) ya da resmî adıyla Seyşeller Cumhuriyeti, Afrika kıtasına bağlı ada ülkesidir. Seyşeller, Hint Okyanusu'ndaki 115'ten fazla ada üzerinde kurulu bir ülke olup, Afrika ana kıtasının doğusunda, Madagaskar'ın ise kuzeydoğusunda yer almaktadır. Ülkenin başkenti Victoria'dır.

Tarihçe
Adaların, 1505 yılında Portekizliler tarafından bulunduğu sanılmaktadır. 1768'de Fransızlar tarafından işgâl edildi. 1794'te Büyük Britanya Krallığı yönetimi altına girdi. 1810'da bir İngiliz kolonisiydi. 1814'te Paris Antlaşması'yla tam olarak Birleşik Krallık'a verildi. 1903'te Birleşik Krallık'a bağlı bir koloni hâline geldi. 1976 yılında bağımsızlığını elde etti. Bir yıl sonra askerî bir darbe yapıldı ve France-Albert René yönetimi ele geçirdi. 1979'da ilan edilen yeni anayasa ile tek partili bir devlet oldu. France Albert René 1989 seçimlerini de kazanarak üçüncü defa başkan oldu. 1977'deki darbeden sonraki ilk çok partili seçim 23-26 Temmuz 1992'de yapıldı. Seçimin amacı anayasa taslağını hazırlamakla vazifeli 23 kişilik bir komisyonun üyelerini tespit etmekti. Anayasa teklifi 15 Kasım 1992'de halk oylamasına sunuldu ise de %60 barajını aşamadığı için kabul edilmedi.

Coğrafya
Mevkii itibarıyla Hint Okyanusu'nda ve Madagaskar'ın 1200 km kadar kuzeydoğusunda ve Zanzibar'ın yaklaşık 1600 km doğusundadır. Yüzölçümü yaklaşık 493 km2dir. Bu yüzölçümüne 92 ada ve adacık, mercan ve granit ada ve kayalıkları dâhildir. Bu adaların en büyüğü 142 km2lik Mahé Adası'dır. Diğer önemli adalar; Praslin, La Digue, Silhouette, Destroches ve Aldabradır.
Adalar, granit ve genellikle volkanik türde olup, dağlık bir arâziye sâhiptir. En yüksek nokta Mahé Adasındaki Morne Seychellors Tepesi olup, yaklaşık 900 metredir.

İklim ve doğa
Takımadalar ekvatora çok yakın olmasına rağmen, iklim, güneydoğu alizeler sebebiyle ılımandır. Hazirandan kasım ayına kadar bu ılık iklim devam eder. Mahé Adasında sıcaklık aşağı yukarı 24 °C ilâ 29 °C arasında değişir. Başşehir Victoria ve çevresine düşen yıllık yağış miktarı yaklaşık 2300 mm kadardır. Bu rakam yüksek bölgelere gelince artar ve hemen hemen 3550 mm'ye kadar ulaşır.

Ülkede genellikle kaplumbağa, guano ve kıyılarda da köpekbalığı bulunur.

Demografi
Ülkenin nüfûsu yaklaşık 71.000'dir. Nüfus yoğunluğu 157'dir. Yıllık nüfus artışı %2 dolayındadır. Nüfûsun %60'tan fazlası gençtir ve şehirlerde yaşayanlar aşağı yukarı %37 civarındadır.

Nüfusun etnik yapısını kreyol adlı halk meydana getirir. Creoller, Fransız asıllı olup Louisiana'da ve İspanyol asıllı olup Karaip Adalarında doğmuş ve buralarda yaşamış kimseler demektir. Bunlar esas îtibâriyle Fransız, İspanyol, Asyalı ve Afrikalı insanların birbirleriyle kaynaşması netîcesi meydana gelen melez insanlardır. Halkın çoğu Katoliktir. Ayrıca bir miktar Müslüman, Protestan ve Hindu da mevcuttur.

İngilizce ve Fransızca resmî dillerdir. Bunun yanı sıra Fransızca ile yerel dillerin etkileşimi ile oluşmuş bir kreyol dil olan Seyşeller Kreyolu da yaygındır. Ülkede okuma-yazma oranı %60 civarındadır.

Yönetim ve siyaset
Ülkede 1993 senesine kadar tek partili yönetim sistemine dayalı bir cumhuriyet yer almaktaydı. 1979 anayasasına göre ülke, tek parti diktatörlüğünde sosyalist bir devletti. Devlet başkanı 1977'de bir darbe ile işbaşına gelen başkan France Albert René idi. Rene, 1993 yılında çok partili sisteme izin verdi. 2004 yılında Rene'nin yerine makama başkan yardımcısı James Michel gelmiştir. 2019'dan beri Şeyseller'in başkanı Danny Faure'dir

Ekonomi
Ülke ekonomisi esas olarak tarım ve turizme dayanır. Ayrıca tüketim malları ihracatı da önemli bir gelir kaynağıdır. Ülkede yetişen başlıca tarım ürünleri; muz, tatlı patates, manyok ve bunun ürünü nişasta, hindistan cevizi ve vanilyadır.

Ülkenin en önemli endüstrisi gıda endüstrisidir. Ayrıca deniz ürünleri önemli bir gelir kaynağıdır. İşçi gücünün %19'u tarımda, %20'si madencilik ve inşaatçılıkta, %14'ü kamu sektöründe ve sosyal hizmetlerde, %11'i de lokanta ve hotel işletmeciliğinde istihdam edilir.

İthâlat ve ihrâcatını daha çok Birleşik Krallık, Fransa, Güney Afrika, Yemen ve Pakistan ile yapar. Başlıca ihraç ürünleri şunlardır: Kurutulmuş hindistancevizi içi, tarçın, sabun ve parfüm yağı, vanilya ve balık. Diğer önemli gelir getiren kaynaklar ise guano, kaplumbağa kabuğu, köpekbalığı yüzgeci ve balık ürünleridir.

Ulaşım sistemi yeterli olup ülkenin en gelişmiş şehri ve limanı başkenti Victoria'dır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Seyşeller Cumhuriyeti Resmi Sitesi
 Seyşeller haritası

Mikrodevletler
İngiliz Milletler Topluluğu üyesi ülkeler
Birleşmiş Milletler üyesi ülkeler

Seyşeller


Gloiocallis, monotipski rod crvenih algi iz porodice Liagoraceae. Jedina je vrsta morska alga G. dendroidea uz atlantsku obalu Sjeverne i Južne Amerike i Kariba

Sinonimi
 Helminthora dendroidea P.Crouan & H.Crouan 1878
 Liagora dendroidea (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) I.A.Abbott 1990
 Ganonema dendroideum (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) D.L.Ballantine & N.E.Aponte 2002
 Helminthora antillarum P.Crouan & H.Crouan 1878
 Liagora mucosa M.Howe 1920

Izvori

Liagoraceae

Gloiocallis


بلدية لا بارا دي لاس فيجاس ، هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة قونكة إحدى مقاطعات إسبانيا، و التي تقع في منطقة قشتالة لا منتشا وسط البلاد, و المائلة لجهة الشرق من إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 43 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في قونكة
بلديات قونكة

لا بارا دي لاس فيجاس


Port Everglades er en havn i Broward County i Florida. Havnen er 13 meter dyb, og et økonomisk kraftcentrum i det sydlige Florida, da den er ledende indenfor containerfragt og krydstogt-turisme. Den er den tredje travleste krydstogthavn i verden og USAs tiende største med transport af containere.

I 2009 åbnede havnen verdens største terminal til krydstogsskibe, efter at Oasis of the Seas med plads til 5.400 passagerer fik Everglades som hjemhavn. Oasis var på dette tidspunkt verdens største krydstogtskib.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Port Everglades officielle hjemmeside

Havne i USA
Transport i Florida
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Florida

Port Everglades


Interesting Times is a fantasy novel by British writer Terry Pratchett, the seventeenth book in the Discworld series, set in the Aurient (a fictional analogue of the Orient).

The title refers to the common myth that there exists a Chinese curse "may you live in interesting times".

Plot
Two gods, Fate and the Lady, oppose each other in a game over the outcome of the struggle for the throne of the Agatean Empire on the Counterweight Continent.

The Patrician of Ankh-Morpork receives a demand that the "Great Wizzard" be sent to the distant Agatean Empire, and he orders Archchancellor Mustrum Ridcully of Unseen University to comply.  As the spelling, "Wizzard," matches that on Rincewind's hat, the faculty decide to send him.  Using the machine Hex, which has seemingly been augmenting its own infrastructure, they teleport him to the University from a desert island where he has been living since the events of Eric (just before being rescued by beautiful Amazons). They offer him the right to call himself a Wizard, which he never actually earned, if he will let them send him to Agatea; he agrees.  Teleportation requires an exchange of mass, and they end up exchanging him with a very heavy live cannon (which they extinguish upon its arrival); this results in Rincewind arriving in Agatea at a very high speed, but he lands safely in a snowbank.

As is typical for Rincewind, his dedicated efforts to run from any kind of danger quickly embroil him in momentous events, and coincidence makes it appear on several occasions that Rincewind is responsible for significant feats of magic.  He encounters his friend Cohen the Barbarian, now accompanied by a "Silver Horde" of elderly warriors and Ronald Saveloy (a former teacher), who is planning to infiltrate the Empire and live a luxurious retirement by taking over as Emperor.  Rincewind eventually learns that the first Agatean Emperor supposedly conquered the land with the assistance of a "Great Wizard" and a "Red Army."  Now, a new "Red Army" movement of young people, dedicated mainly to the promulgation of mildly worded slogans, has been inspired by a supposed revolutionary tract, which turns out to be a travelogue of Ankh-Morpork written by Rincewind's erstwhile traveling companion, Twoflower, whom Rincewind ends up freeing from a dungeon and whose two daughters are leaders of the Red Army.  It turns out that the villainous Grand Vizier, Lord Hong, has made the harmless Red Army appear to be a threat to the Empire and had Rincewind brought to Agatea so that he could blame the problems on foreigners, then put the "revolution" down violently and turn to the conquest of Ankh-Morpork, whose culture he secretly seeks to emulate.  But when Hong murders the Emperor with the intention of framing the Red Army, it inadvertently creates the opportunity needed by the Silver Horde, who have infiltrated the palace.  Cohen and Saveloy had hoped to conquer the Empire by simply installing Cohen as Emperor, since almost nobody has ever seen the Emperor's face. But Lord Hong leads four other lords who had been vying against him for the throne to rally their armies against the Horde, to the chagrin of Saveloy who had been trying to civilise the barbarians (and whose motive for conquering the Empire was to give his cohorts a tangible legacy as their past exploits led people to believe that they were fictional).

Before the battle begins, Rincewind attempts to tip the balance in the Horde's favour by spreading rumours amongst the five lords' encamped armies that the Horde is being supported by an army of 'invisible vampire ghosts', who Agateans believe inhabit the lands outside of the Empire; since this belief is officially endorsed by the imperial authorities to maintain domestic order, dispelling the rumour proves difficult. As the battle begins, Rincewind flees and inadvertently discovers the actual Red Army, a multitude of terra cotta warriors that can be controlled by magical armor that he accidentally dons. The automatons destroy the Agatean forces. However, Rincewind inadvertently wanders into a terracotta ditch and sinks up to his thighs, but realises that the magic boots are weighing him down, and frees himself with Twoflower's help. Once Cohen realizes that he is now recognized as the Emperor, he prepares proclamations to relax the regime's oppression of the people.  He invites Rincewind to serve as Chief Wizard and found his own university, which convinces Rincewind that something horrible is about to happen.  Indeed, Lord Hong takes Rincewind hostage and plans to murder him on the steps of the palace.  But, just then, the faculty of Unseen University teleport Rincewind away.  Twoflower challenges Hong to a duel, as his wife was killed in a battle waged by Hong.  The cannon, re-lit by the faculty, then arrives and kills both Hong and Saveloy; Saveloy, despite never having managed to be a barbarian in life, decides to go to the warrior's afterlife.

The Luggage had followed Rincewind to its native Agatea, but became distracted by meeting and mating with a female Luggage. Upon Rincewind's disappearance, the Luggage leaves its mate and their offspring to once again follow its owner.

The Lady has won the game against Fate.  And she interfered in Hex's calculations so that Rincewind is teleported to the unexplored continent of XXXX where he lands safely, while an XXXXian kangaroo (instead of Rincewind) suffers a fatal collision with a wall at Unseen University.  Rincewind meets XXXXian natives who give him a boomerang, with which he manages to hit himself in the head.

Characters

Rincewind
Twoflower
Mustrum Ridcully
Cohen the Barbarian and the Silver Horde
Boy Willie, the only member of the horde under 80
Caleb the Ripper
Ronald Saveloy, or "Teach"
Truckle the Uncivil
Old Vincent
Mad Hamish
Lord Hong, head of the Hong family, and the Emperor's Grand Vizier
Red Army (both as an army of mostly children, and as an army of nameless golems)
Four Big Sandal and Three Maximum Luck, slaves rescued by Rincewind and Cohen.
Pretty Butterfly, also Twoflower's older and wiser daughter
Lotus Blossom, also Twoflower's younger and more naive daughter
Two Fire Herb, traitor & agent provocateur
Three Yoked Oxen, who is tortured
One Favourite Pearl, a young girl whose parents were killed by the feuding warlords
The Luggage

Themes

In an interview republished at L-space, the Terry Pratchett wiki, Pratchett explains the concepts behind the novel. "It'd be easier for people to read Interesting Times, than to sum it up, but I would say that one of the things I wanted to develop in the story was the strange way in which revolutions can turn into tyrannies. People struggle to over-throw tyrants, then suddenly find that they're ruled by "The Government" once again - and popular uprisings don't stop often to ask common people what it is they need."

Reception

Interesting Times was well received by critics and readers alike. The book enjoys consistently high reviews on both Amazon and Goodreads.

The San Francisco Chronicle called the novel "unadulterated fun… Witty… Frequently hilarious" and remarked that "Pratchett parodies everything in sight."

A review at AV Club, meanwhile, called it "a surprisingly thoughtful parable about oppressive government, East-West cultural relations, and revolutionary theory"

See also

References

External links

Annotations for Interesting Times
Quotes from Interesting Times
Synopsis for Interesting Times

1994 British novels
Discworld books
1994 fantasy novels
Fiction about rebellions
Victor Gollancz Ltd books
British comedy novels

Interesting Times


Ísak Guttormsson var en færøsk bonde, der fra 1583 til 1588 var lagmand på Færøerne.

Guttormsson boede på Suðuroy i det sydligste Færøerne, hvor han ejede jord i Nes og Vágur. Guttormsson var søn af tidligere lagmand Guttormur Andrasson og sønnesøn af dennes forgænger i embedet Andras Guttormsson. Hans fødested og livshistorie er i øvrigt ukendt.

Litteratur
 G.V.C. Young: Færøerne – fra vikingetiden til reformationen, 1982
 Løgtingið 150 – Hátíðarrit. Tórshavn 2002, Bind 2, S. 366. (afsnit Føroya løgmenn fram til 1816) (PDF-Download )

Lagmænd fra Færøerne før 1816
Landmænd fra Færøerne
Personer fra Suderø
Personer i 1500-tallet

Ísak Guttormsson


Stanine (STAndard NINE) is a method of scaling test scores on a nine-point standard scale with a mean of five and a standard deviation of two.

Some web sources attribute stanines to the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II. Psychometric legend has it that a 1–9 scale was used because of the compactness of recording the score as a single digit but Thorndike  claims that by reducing scores to just nine values, stanines "reduce the tendency to try to interpret small score differences (p. 131)". The earliest known use of stanines was by the U.S. Army Air Forces in 1943.

Calculation
Test scores are scaled to stanine scores using the following algorithm:
 Rank results from lowest to highest
 Give the lowest 4% a stanine of 1, the next 7% a stanine of 2, etc., according to the following table:

The underlying basis for obtaining stanines is that a normal distribution is divided into nine intervals, each of which has a width of 0.5 standard deviations excluding the first and last, which are just the remainder (the tails of the distribution). The mean lies at the centre of the fifth interval.

Use today
Today stanines are mostly used in educational assessment.
 The University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada used the stanine system until 2003, when it switched to a 4-point scale.
 In the United States, the Educational Records Bureau (they administer the "ERBs") reports test scores as stanines and percentiles.
 The New Zealand Council for Educational Research uses stanines.
 GL Assessment use stanines alongside SAS (Standardised Age Scores) to express the results of its CAT4 assessments, used in many UK and British international schools
 The Otis-Lennon School Ability Test uses a stanine system along with percentiles.
 Average Korean High School uses stanine system to evaluate their students
 The IDF (Israeli Defense Force) uses the stanine grading system ranging from 10 to 90 (10,20,30 and so on) to rank intelligence ability relevant to the army's use, determined by a 100 question test divided to 4 categories having to do with different uses and implications of cognitive abilities
 The Polish Matura secondary-school exam results and university admissions utilise the stanine system

See also
 Sten scores – a similar system, but with 10 possible values
 Normal score

Notes

References
 Ballew, Pat Origins of some arithmetic terms-2 . Retrieved Dec. 26, 2004.
 Boydsten, Robert E. (February 27, 2000), Winning My Wings

Volume Six
MEN AND PLANES
THE ARMY AIR FORCES
In World War II
PREPARED UNDER THE EDITORSHIP OF
WESLEY FRANK CRAVEN
JAMES LEA GATE
Princeton University
University of Chicago

Here is a link to the document:
http://www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-101105-019.pdf

Educational assessment and evaluation
Scales
Comparison of assessments
Psychometrics

Stanine


Luis Moses Gomez (* um 1660) war ein sephardischer  jüdischer Kaufmann im kolonialen New York City.

Geschichte

Die Vorfahren flüchteten von der spanischen Inquisition in die Neue Welt. Später wurde seine Familie zu einer der bedeutendsten und angesehensten Händler. Gomez kam 1703 nach New York. Die britische Einbürgerung mit Wohnsitz in der Kolonie erhielt er 1705. Die Staatsbürgerschaft ermöglichte ihm wie jeden anderen Briten Geschäfte mit England zu betreiben. Er baute sich das Gomez Mill House in Manhattan. Dort lebte der Kaufmann mit seinen Söhnen etwa 30 Jahre und betrieb einen erfolgreichen Handel mit Fellen und anderen Gütern. 1727 half Gomez, den Bau der Synagoge Shearith Israel zu beginnen. Das Gebäude ist die älteste amerikanische Synagoge. Er war der erste Präsident dieser jüdischen Gemeinde.

Siehe auch
 Geschichte der Juden in den Vereinigten Staaten

Weblinks
 Die Gomez Stiftung
 Urkunde vom 18. April 1705 von Königin Anne

Person (Dreizehn Kolonien)
Kaufmann
Geboren im 17. Jahrhundert
Gestorben im 17. oder 18. Jahrhundert
Person des Judentums (Vereinigte Staaten)
Mann

Luis Moses Gomez


Rafael Levi (auch: Raphael oder Rafael Levi Hannover; * 1685 in Weikersheim; † 17. Mai 1779 in Hannover) war ein deutscher Mathematiker und Astronom. Der jüdische Gelehrte und Schüler von Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz war zugleich ein moderner Wissenschaftler und – außergewöhnlich für die damalige Zeit – außerhalb der jüdischen Gemeinde als "edler Jude" geschätzt.

Leben und Werk
Rafael Levi stammte aus einer jüdischen Familie und besuchte die Talmudschule in Frankfurt am Main. Nachdem er zusammen mit seinem Vater, Jacob Joseph, einem armen Reisenden, in jungen Jahren um 1700 nach Hannover zog, wurde er dort Vollwaise, da sein Vater wenige Tage nach der Ankunft starb. Daraufhin wurde Rafael in Hannover in die israelitische Armenschule aufgenommen.

Rafael Levi erhielt eine Stellung als Buchhalter bei dem Bankier Simon Wolf Oppenheimer und betrieb währenddessen autodidaktische Studien in den Naturwissenschaften: "Als er einst in Gegenwart [... von Leibniz] eine von scharfem Verstande zeigende Bemerkung über die Aufstellung von Baugerüsten äußerte, nahm dieser sich seiner an und unterrichtete ihn in Mathematik." Rafael Levi wurde Sekretär von Leibniz und wohnte mehrere Jahre in dessen Haus ("Leibnizhaus"). Als Rechenmeister unterrichtete Levi bald selbst Mathematik, Astronomie und Naturphilosophie.

Nachdem Levi 1747/48 in deutscher Sprache logarithmische Tafeln veröffentlicht hatte, wurde er nach London eingeladen, um vor der dortigen Admiralität und der Royal Society einen Vortrag über die rechnerischen Methoden zur Bestimmung des Schiffsstandortes zu halten.

1756 publizierte Levi in hebräischer Sprache seine Studien zur Astronomie und Kalenderkunde und 1757/57 seine vielgenutzten Kalendertafeln zur Berechnung der jüdischen Feiertage.

Wiederum in deutscher Sprache veröffentlichte Levi 1760 Kurs- und Wechsel-Tabellen für Kaufleute.

Der jüdische Gelehrte traf 1772 mit dem späteren Experimentalphysiker Georg Christoph Lichtenberg zusammen, 1777 mit Moses Mendelssohn.

Rafael Levi Hannover ist auf dem Alten Jüdischen Friedhof an der Oberstraße begraben.

Schriften (unvollständig)
 Luḥot ha-'Ibbur, astronomische Tafeln für den jüdischen Kalender, Hanover: Leyden, 1756
 Die Luḥot ha-'Ibbur wurden veröffentlicht mit M. E. Fürth's Yir'at Shamayim in Maimonides "Yad", Ḳiddush ha-Ḥodesh, Dessau, 1820–21
 Tekunat ha-Shamayim, über Astronomie und Kalenderfertigung, insbesondere bezugnehmend auf die Talmud-Passagen zu diesen Themen, mit Glossen von Moses Tiktin, Amsterdam, 1756
 Von Levis kleineren Schriften blieben drei ungedruckt. Simon Waltsch zeichnete diese jedoch später auf und publizierte in Braunschweig einen Kommentar zu Maimonides' Kalendervorschriften (Berlin 1786).

Literatur (unvollständig)

 Wilhelm Rothert: Hannoversche Biographie, Bd. 3: Hannover unter dem Kurhut, 1646–1815, mit vielen Porträts und vier Wappen, hrsg. Frau A. Rothert und Martin Peter, Hannover: Sponholtz, 1916, S. 512

 Selig Gronemann: Genealogische Studien über die alten jüdischen Familien Hannovers, Hannover, 1913, passim
 Salomon Wininger: Große Jüdische National-Biographie mit mehr als 8000 Lebensbeschreibungen namhafter Männer und Frauen aller Zeiten und Länder. Ein Nachschlagewerk für das jüdische Volk und dessen Freunde, unter Mitwirkung von zahlreichen Fachmännern [7 BdeE.], Bd: 4. Leavith-Péreire, [Czernowitz, Piata Alexandri: "Aurora"], [1930], S. 54
 Encyclopaedia Judaica. Das Judentum in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Berlin[-Charlottenburg, Bismarckstr. 106]: Eschkol-Verlag [, Abt. Encyclopaedia Judaica], 1931, Spalte 996f.
 Leben und Schicksal. Zur Einweihung der Synagoge in Hannover, hrsg. von der Landeshauptstadt Hannover, Presseamt, in Zusammenarbeit mit der jüdischen Gemeinde Hannover e.V., o. O., o. J. [Hannover: 1963], S. 57–64
 John F. Oppenheimer (Chefred.), Emanuel BinGorion (Mithrsg.) u. a.: Lexikon des Judentums, Gütersloh: Bertelsmann, 1967, Sp. 422
 [2. Aufl.]: Gütersloh; Berlin; München; Wien: Bertelsmann-Lexikon-Verlag, 1971 ISBN 3-570-05964-2, Sp. 421
 Steven Schwarzschild; Henry Schwarzschild: Two lives in the Jewish Frühaufklärung. Raphael Levi Hannover and Moses Abraham Wolff. In: Year-book. Leo Baeck Institute. Vol. 29 (1984) S. 229–276. (Darin: S. 229–258: Raphael Levi.)
 Julius H. Schoeps (Hrsg.), Redaktion des Salomon Ludwig Steinheim-Instituts: Neues Lexikon des Judentums, Gütersloh; München: Bertelsmann-Lexikon-Verlag, 1992, ISBN 3-570-09877-X, S. 91
 Peter Schulze: RAFAEL LEVI. In: Dirk Böttcher, Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon. Von den Anfängen bis in die Gegenwart. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9, S. 219 u.ö.; teilweise online über Google-Bücher
 Peter Schulze: Rafael Levi. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (Hrsg.) u. a.: Stadtlexikon Hannover. Von den Anfängen bis in die Gegenwart. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9, S. 512.
 Christoph Schulte: Leibniz und sein "Schüler" Raphael Levi. In: Leibniz und das Judentum. Ergebnisse einer internationalen Konferenz in Potsdam. Daniel J. Cook. (Hrsg.). Stuttgart: Steiner 2008, S. 35–47. ISBN 978-3-515-09251-7

Weblinks
 Literatur von und über Raphael Levi im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek

Einzelnachweise und Anmerkungen

Astronom (18. Jahrhundert)
Mathematiker (18. Jahrhundert)
Rechenmeister
Naturphilosoph
Person um Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Person (Weikersheim)
Person (Frankfurt am Main)
Person (Hannover)
Person (Judentum)
Deutscher
Geboren 1685
Gestorben 1779
Mann
Judentum in Weikersheim
Person des Judentums (Main-Tauber-Kreis)

Rafael Levi


إنزو انسيلمو فيراري (20 فبراير 1898 - 14 اغسطس 1988) - سائق سيارات سباق ومستثمر إيطالي، مؤسس فريق «فيراري» لسباق السيارات الذي أصبح مالك العلامة التجارية للسيارات الإيطالية الرياضية «فيراري».

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص من مودينا
أصحاب أعمال إيطاليون
أصحاب أعمال في مجال صناعة السيارات
أعضاء قاعة مشاهير سيارات السباق العالمية
أعلام رياضة محركات إيطالية
أعلام فورمولا 1
رومان كاثوليك إيطاليون
رياضيون من مودينا
سائقو سيارات سباق إيطاليون
شخصيات أعمال من مودينا
عسكريون إيطاليون في الحرب العالمية الأولى
ملاك فورمولا 1
مواليد 1898
مواليد في مودينا
وفيات 1988
وفيات في مودينا

اينزو فيراري


الدادة دودي فيلم كوميدي مصري إنتاج عام 2008 بطولة ياسمين عبد العزيز.

قصة الفيلم
تدور أحداث الفيلم حول فتاة تعمل في سرقة الموبايلات، وتتورط في جريمة محاولة قتل وسرقة مبلغ كبير من المال، فتهرب، ويستعين بها لواء شرطة أرمل للعمل كمربية لستة أطفال، دون أن يكون لديها أي خبرة بتربية الأطفال، فتضطر ويبدأ تدبير لها الأطفال المَقالب والمَكائد حتى تعجز عن العمل وتهرب ولكنها تنجح في نهاية المَطاف في كسب ثقتهم، وتُحولهم إلى أصدقاء لها. وتخرج من القضية ويعتبرها الأب ابنة له.

الممثلون
 ياسمين عبد العزيز: بدور رضا
 صلاح عبد الله: بدور اللواء جلال أبو اليزيد
 محمد شرف: بدور مجدي
 سامح حسين: بدور عيساوي
 إدوارد: ضيف شرف
 منى زكي: ضيفة شرف
 يوسف داود: بدور ناظر المدرسة
 صبري فواز: بدور الضابط حلمي
 إيمان السيد: ضيفة شرف
 بدرية طلبة: بدور قاسمة
 وائل علاء: بدور سائق الباص
 حسن مصطفى: بدور مدبولي
 سما المصري: بدور نوسة
 نادية العراقية: بدور مشرفة الباص
 نورا الفولى: دينا

تعرض الفيلم لبعض الانتقادات

تعرض الفيلم لانتقادات في العرض الخاص به حيث قال البعض أنه مقتبس من رواية صوت الموسيقى العالمية التي قامت بتمثيل فيلمها النجمة جولي آندروز، والتي حُولت في منتصف السبيعينات إلى فيلم مصري سينمائي بعنوان «حب أحلى من حب» بطولة محمود ياسين، ونجلاء فتحي كتب السيناريو له السيد بدير وقام بإخراجه حلمي رفلة، وكذلك ظهرت مسرحية «موسيقى في الحي الشرقي» المأخوذة عن نفس الرواية وشارك فيها كلٌ من سمير غانم وصفاء أبو السعود، وجورج سيدهم.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أفلام إدوارد
أفلام بدرية طلبة
أفلام تقع أحداثها في الإسكندرية
أفلام سامح حسين
أفلام صلاح عبد الله
أفلام عن سرقة
أفلام عن ضباط شرطة
أفلام كوميدية مصرية
أفلام محمد شرف
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 2008
أفلام منى زكي
أفلام ياسمين عبد العزيز

الدادة دودي (فيلم)


An Sarcoglottis woodsonii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Louis Otho Otto Williams, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Leslie Andrew Garay. An Sarcoglottis woodsonii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sarcoglottis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Panamá. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Sarcoglottis

Sarcoglottis woodsonii


الجَفْنُ بفتح أوله (أما بالكسر فهو غِمدُ السَّيْفِ) وجمعه أَجْفُنٌ، وأَجْفَانٌ، وجُفُونٌ، هو غطاء جلدي للعين وظيفته تغطية حماية العين من المكاره البيئية مثل الرمال المتطايرة والريح والاشياء البارزة يتكون من جفن علوي وجفن سفلي وهو مهم لحماية العين من التعب إذ انه يغلق بين الحين والاخر كما أنه يكون مغلقا أثناء النوم ومن الجدير ذكره ان معظم الحيوانات لها جفون.

عملية تجميل الجفون
عملية تجميل الجفون المعروفة بأسم (Eyelid surgery، أو blepharoplasty) هي عملية جراحية تتم بغرض تحسين مظهر جفني العين، ويمكن إجراء هذه الجراحة إما لتجميل وشد الجفون العلوية، أو لشد الجفون السفلية فقط أو لتجميل كلا الجفنين معاً. قد تتم هذه العملية بغرض تصحيح بعض المشاكل الوظيفية التي تطرأ على جفن العين بسبب ترهله وتهدله، ومن خلالها يمكن للجراح إعادة الشباب والحيوية لمنطقة ما حول العينين. عادة ما تتم جراحة تجميل الجفون في نفس العملية مع عمليات شد الوجه، وعملية تجميل العيون، وعملية رفع أو شد الحواجب في  مجموعة عمليات تعرف باسم "عمليات تجديد شباب الوجه"، وعادة ما يبدأ الرجال والنساء في إجراء هذه العملية بعد سن الثلاثين.

يمكن لجراحة تجميل الجفون أن تعالج المشاكل التالية تحديداً، وتخلصك مما يلي:
 الجلد المتهدل أو المترهل الذي يشكل ثنيات وتجاعيد تجعل الشكل الطبيعي للجفن العلوي يضطرب، وتؤدي أحياناً إلى اضطراب الرؤية.
 الترسبات الدهنية الزائدة التي تؤدي إلى انتفاخ الجفون.
 الأكياس والتجمعات الدهنية وانتفاخات تحت العين.
 تهدل الجفن السفلي الذي يكشف عن بياض العين أسفل الحدقة.
 الجلد الزائد والتجاعيد الدقيقة في الجفن السفلي.
يستغرق التعافي من عملية شد الجفون بالليزر فترة أقل، لكن فترة التعافي عامة تتراوح مدتها بين أسبوع وأسبوعين يتم بعدها فك أي غرز جراحية استخدمت خلال العملية الجراحية (لا تستخدم الغرز الجراحية في عملية شد الجفون بالليزر).

وفي الفترة التي تلي العملية الجراحية، ينصح المريض بتجنب أشعة الشمس المباشرة لمدة لا تقل عن أربعة أشهر، ويجب الالتزام بتناول بعض الأدوية المضادة للالتهاب خلال فترة الأسبوعين الأولين، وعمل كمادات ماء بارد لتساعد على التخلص من التورم في منطقة ما حول العينين.

ينصح بتجنب الرياضات العنيفة فترة لا تقل عن ثلاثة أسابيع بعد العملية الجراحية، كما ينصح بتجنب أي أنشطة قد تسبب صدمات في منطقة العينين أو ما حولهما لفترة تصل إلى بضع أشهر عقب العملية الجراحية، كما يمنع المريض من استعمال مستحضرات التجميل في منطقة ما حول العينين خلال الأسبوعين الأولين.

أنواع عمليات تجميل الجفن
 عملية شد الجفون العلوية
 عملية شد الجفون السفلية
 عملية شد الجفنين عن طريق الجراحة
 عملية شد الجفون بالليزر
 جراحة رأب الجفن والتي تستخدم لعلاج أكياس العين والجفون المنتفخة.

المخاطر والمضاعفات
 التعرض لكدمات وتجمعات دموية في منطقة العينين، وتتضمن كذلك خطر النزيف خلال العملية الجراحية، ولهذا ينبغي للمريض الخضوع لعدة تحاليل قبل العملية.
 بعض المرضى يتعرضون لشعور الحكة والألم في منطقة العينين، وزيادة في إفراز الدموع وغير ذلك من الآثار الجانبية للعملية.
لكن هذه التأثيرات تكون مؤقتة على الأغلب ويمكن السيطرة عليها باستعمال مسكنات الألم التقليدية خلال الفترة الأولى بعد العملية الجراحية. قد يتعرض بعض المرضى لفقد الإحساس في منطقة ما حول العينين، أو لبعض الارتعاشات الدائمة في الجفون، لكن هذه التأثيرات نادرة وغير شائعة.

قد يتعرض بعض الأشخاص للحساسية من الضوء أو الشمس بصورة مؤقتة أو دائمة، وقد يجد بعض المرضى صعوبة في إغلاق عيونهم في الفترة الأولى بعد العملية، وقد سجلت تقارير عن إصابة بعض المرضى بجفاف العين بشكل دائم بعد العملية، أو الإصابة بنزيف من الشق الجراحي خلال الفترة الأولى بعد العملية.

قد يعاني بعض المرضى من ظهور الندوب بشكل واضح بسبب طبيعة الالتئام في أجسادهم أو قلة خبرة الجراح في إخفاء الندوب، كما تم تسجيل تغير في الإبصار بصورة نادرة لدى بعض المرضى.

الأمراض التي تصيب الجفن

 شحاذ العين
 التهاب الجفن
 انعدام الاجفان
 لويحة صفراء
 تشنج الجفن
 انطواء جفني
 ارتخاء الجفن
 التهاب الهلل المحجري
 تدلي الجفن
 التهاب الغدة الدمعية
 شتر خارجي
 انحراف الأهداب
 مرط الجفنين

انظر أيضًا
 رمش
 رموش أصطناعية
 عين

مراجع

تشريح الإنسان
تشريح عين الإنسان

جفن


Die Houston Huskies waren eine US-amerikanische Eishockeymannschaft aus Houston, Texas. Die Mannschaft spielte von 1947 bis 1949 in der United States Hockey League.

Geschichte
Das Franchise wurde 1947 als Expansionsteam der United States Hockey League gegründet, in der sie die zuvor aufgelösten Houston Skippers ersetzten. In ihrer Premierenspielzeit gewann die Mannschaft auf Anhieb den Meistertitel der USHL. Im Anschluss an die Saison 1948/49 stellte die Mannschaft bereits wieder den Spielbetrieb ein.

Weblinks
 The Internet Hockey Database – Statistik Houston Huskies
 The Internet Hockey Database – Spielerliste Houston Huskies

Eishockeyverein (United States Hockey League, 1945–1951)
Huskies

Houston Huskies


Airways International Cymru era uma companhia aérea com sede em Cardiff, País de Gales, formada pela Red Dragon Travel, na época uma agência líder de viagens e operadora de turismo galesa. Iniciou suas operações no início de 1984 e encerrou todas as operações no início de 1988 após dificuldades financeiras decorrentes do arrendamento de uma aeronave para uma companhia aérea americana.

História

A companhia aérea iniciou suas operações em 1984, oferecendo voos para destinos de férias europeus populares. Foi baseado em Cardiff, País de Gales e iniciou suas operações com um único British BAC 1-11-300 prefixo G-YMRU adquirido da Quebecair do Canadá. Para a primeira temporada de operações de verão, também alugou um BAC 1-11-400 prefixo G-AXMU da British Island Airways. Mais tarde, em 1984, introduziu mais um BAC 1-11-300 prefixo G-WLAD adquirido da Quebecair como um substituto para a aeronave da British Island Airways.

Em 1985, introduziu um Boeing 737-200 ex-Britannia Airways de prefixo G-BAZI alugado do GPA. Em 1986, recebeu seu primeiro Boeing 737-300 de prefixo G-PROC, e foi usado para expandir destinos para pontos turísticos populares em toda a Europa.

Em 1987 recebeu um novo Boeing 737-300 prefixo G-BNCT. Contratos adicionais viram o arrendamento de mais um Boeing 737-300 prefixo G-PROK para o verão de 1987. Após a temporada de verão europeia, este Boeing 737-300 foi alugado para uma companhia aérea americana, SunCoast Airlines. Dificuldades em relação ao contrato e a falta de pagamento do arrendamento levaram a dificuldades financeiras e, no início de 1988, as aeronaves da companhia aérea foram recuperadas por seus credores.

Ao longo da história da companhia aérea, a frota operacional foi reduzida durante os meses de inverno por meio do arrendamento de aeronaves para outras operadoras. Entre elas estão Air New Zealand, Aer Lingus, British Midland Airways e Manx Airlines.

Destinos

A Airways International Cymru serviu 20 destinos em toda a Europa durante as operações.

Áustria
 Salzburgo – Aeroporto de Salzburgo

Canárias
 Grã Canária – Aeroporto de Gran Canária
 Tenerife – Aeroporto de Tenerife Sul

França
 Paris – Aeroporto de Paris-Orly

Alemanha
 Düsseldorf – Aeroporto de Düsseldorf
 Hanôver – Aeroporto de Hanôver

Países Baixos
 Roterdã – Aeroporto de Roterdã-Haia

Frota

A frota da Airways International Cymru consistia nas seguintes aeronaves:

Ver também
 Lista de companhias aéreas fora de operação

Ligações externas

 Frota da Airways International Cymru

Empresas aéreas extintas do Reino Unido
Empresas aéreas fundadas em 1983
Empresas aéreas extintas em 1988

Airways International Cymru


L'ÖBB 1040 est une série de locomotives électriques des Chemins de fer fédéraux autrichiens (ÖBB).

Histoire
Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les chemins de fer fédéraux autrichiens mènent un vaste programme d' électrification pour remplacer la locomotive à vapeur. Cependant, l'ÖBB a besoin de locomotives électriques : cela conduit à la construction de la série 1040, conçue sur la base des séries 1045, 1145 et 1245. C'est la première locomotive autrichienne créée après la guerre. Deux séries de 1040 sont construites. Dix locomotives forment le premier lot de construction, elles sont livrées à l'ÖBB en 1950 et 1951 par la Lokomotivfabrik Floridsdorf et ELIN. En 1953, la deuxième série est livrée, composée de six locomotives, qui diffèrent de celles de la première série par les faces d'extrémité. Lors des inspections principales ultérieures, toutes les machines de la première série sont adaptées à l'apparence de la seconde.

Les locomotives sont initialement utilisées pour tracter des trains express et de marchandises. Elles sont ensuite écartées du service de train express. En 2003, les dernières locomotives de la série 1040 sont retirées (les derniers représentants sont les 1040.006 et 015). Plus récemment, elles étaient basés à Selzthal et étaient principalement utilisés sur les trains régionaux et les trains de marchandises de manœuvre dans le Salzkammergut et l'Ennstal.

Construction
Mécanique
La série 1245 sert de modèle pour la partie mécanique et optique de la série 1040. L'entraînement se compose de deux bogies à deux essieux reliés l'un à l'autre. L'aspect robuste de la locomotive résulte du corps de la locomotive, qui se compose de sections laminées et de tôles tirées vers l'avant vers la poitrine tampon. La carrosserie et le train de roulement de la locomotive étant soudés, des économies de poids importantes sont réalisées. Cela a un impact particulièrement positif sur la vitesse et les performances du moteur. Les deux postes de conduite de la locomotive sont reliés l'un à l'autre, l'équipement électrique est logé entre eux ; le transformateur est disposé au milieu. Toutes les locomotives de la série 1040 sont livrées à l'ÖBB en vert sapin. Tout au long des années 1970, les locomotives sont colorées en orange sanguine avec une bande de couleur crème. Certains spécimens ont une couche de peinture rouge trafic avant d'être mis hors service.

Électrique
Deux pantographes (type IV) à double bascule, câbles de toit et interrupteurs à gaz comprimé sont logés sur le toit. Le transformateur est refroidi à l'huile et ventilé de l'extérieur. Les quatre moteurs sont contrôlés par une commande de contacteur CC. La production horaire peut être augmentée en repensant l'enroulement du rotor. La transmission (à ressort Sécheron) est issue de la série 1245. Les engrenages d'entraînement à denture droite ont un rapport de démultiplication de 21:93. Différents systèmes de freinage sont disponibles pour les locomotives de la série 1040 : un frein à air comprimé automatique, une valve de post-freinage et un frein auxiliaire à action directe.

Conservation
Neuf des 20 unités construites sont conservées :

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Locomotive électrique
 Chemins de fer fédéraux autrichiens

Liens externes

Locomotive électrique d'Autriche
Locomotive électrique 15 kV
Locomotive Bo'Bo'

ÖBB 1040


Beyyayla, Günyüzü - Eskişehir ili Günyüzü ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Beyyayla, Sarıcakaya - Eskişehir ili Sarıcakaya ilçesine bağlı mahalle

Beyyayla