مشروع دوبل  هو مشروع تطوير محاضرات العملي للبرمجة أو  هو مشروع طلابي لمساعدة زملائهم الطلاب .

الفكرة
قامت الفكرة عندما دعا الدكتور عمار الجر (دكتور الحاسبات في جامعة حلب) طلابه لإنشاء مشروع .
و قد تبنى هذه الفكرة مجموعة من طلاب الإلكترون في نفس الجامعة (جامعة حلب) .
ونرجو أن تستمر هذه الفكرة و أن يتم تطويرها من قبل الطلاب في السنوات القادمة

و تكون الفكرة بإنشاء عروض فيديو فلاشية تشرح للطلاب بشكل عملي عن الموضوعات المدروسة في مخبر البرمجة ، مما يساعد الطلاب على فهم المادة بشكل أفضل .
وهو بديل مثالي لمن غاب عن إحدى الحصص .

فريق العمل
قام بالعمل فريق ال DOPL وهم طلاب السنة الأولى في كلية الهندسة الكهربائية قسم الكترونيات
و تركوا المجال لأي شخص ليكمل بعدهم هذا المشروع المتكامل ، فهي نواة تتضخم لتكون مشروعا جبارا بعد سنسن بإذن الله .

وكان واضعوا اللبنة الأولى للمشروع بالإضافة للدكتور عمار الجر كل من الدارسين :
 Aleppo Force
 محمد باكير
 س . ق
 أبو طلال
 أبو عبدو
 داي الشجاع
و كان المشرف الأساسي على المشروع الدكتور / عمار الجر .

طريقة العمل
كان العمل على برنامج BB Flash Back Pro بعد اتفاق أعضاء الفريق عليه ، و كان مصدر المعلومات هو المذكرات (notes) المعتمدتدريسها في مخبر البرمجة (1) في جامعة حلب

و استغرق العمل ما يقارب الأسبوعين و هو برنامج مفتوح لا ينتهي به العمل ، حيث نتوقع أن يستلمها طلاب الأعوام القادمة .

الأهداف
يهدف المشروع إلى

 التكامل بين الطلاب.
 تبسيط المنهج في المٌختبرات ما أمكن ذلك.
 وصل الطلاب بالطلاب الأصغر منهم.
 التطور في طٌرق التعليم و استغلال التقنيات الحديثة .

المراجع

برمجة

مشروع دوبل


Pažiť este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Partizánske din regiunea Trenčín, pe malul râului . Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 470 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna .

Istoric
Localitatea Pažiť este atestată documentar din 1351.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Pažiť


Kuldīga () () is a town in the Courland region of Latvia, in the western part of the country. It is the center of Kuldīga Municipality with a population of approximately 13,500.

Kuldīga was first mentioned in 1242. It joined the Hanseatic League in 1368. In the 17th century, Kuldīga (along with Jelgava (Mitau)) was one of the capitals of the Duchy of Courland from 1596 to 1616.

Kuldīga is an ancient town in Latvia's western region of Kurzeme with distinctive architecture, which is included in the list of the UNESCO's World Heritage Sites. Saint Catherine is believed to be the patron saint of Kuldīga, and the oldest church of the town is named after St Catherine. The foundation of the building was laid as early as in 1252. The church has been remodeled a number of times.
The small River Alekšupīte runs through the very centre of the Kuldīga old town, along the walls of the houses. The Old Town around the small river itself is the only remaining 17th–18th-century ensemble of this kind in the Baltic states. A 4.2 metres high waterfall on the Alekšupīte is the highest in Latvia. The Venta Rapid, a 240-meter wide natural rapid is the widest in Europe.
Not far from the rapid is the Kuldīga brick bridge built in 1874, which is the longest bridge of this type in Europe.

Kuldīga was recognized as an EDEN destination in 2007.

History

The origin of the ancient town Kuldīga can be explained by its location on the crossroads: the waterways of River Venta and land routes joining the Prussian lands with the lower reaches of River Daugava. The ancient Kuldiga town of Couronians – a fortified castle mound and a settlement were located 3,5 km to the North down the River Venta on its left bank. The castle mound still be seen today. It is located on a bank of the River Venta on the foreland between the deep gully of the River Veckuldīga and the ancient valley of the Venta. The Site of the Castle itself is located in the several hectare wide area, but together with the Old City of Kuldiga – the area of more than ten hectares. There might have been a port by the River Veckuldīga.

On April 19, 1242 the Livonian Order of Knights received the master's permission to build a castle on the banks of River Venta. As this is the oldest preserved written document where Kuldiga is mentioned, it is considered to be the year of the foundation of Kuldiga. The Castle of the Livonian Order of Knights was built on the left bank of River Venta by the ford, and the dolomite from the riverbed was used as the construction material. In 1263, the castle and settlements around it were already mentioned as the town Goldingen, and its rights as for a town were based on Riga city rights.

On April 28, 1355, the Order's master  allocated new land areas. At the same time he attributed a new privilege to the town, as well as a coat of arms with the image of St. Catherine. From 1439 Kuldiga/Goldingen was given a privilege to arrange a market weekly. The town was established by joining the three main populated areas: the town, the small village of the castle (town of the Couronians) and the village on the hill (so called "Kalnamiests" in Latvian) (in the area of Kalna iela today). The Komtur lived in the Castle of Livonian Order together with his twelve brothers being knights and with so-called stepbrothers who took care of the economic life. The Komtur also led the Komturei of Kuldiga, which had also Durbe, Sabile, Skrunda, Aizpute, Alsunga and Saldus along with Kuldiga in possession.

After establishing the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia in 1561, a new period began in the history of Kuldiga. The first duke Gotthard Kettler chose the former order castle to be one of his residences. He and later also other dukes approved the former town rights of Kuldiga by supporting its economic development. When the duke Gotthard died, the dukedom was divided into two parts and till 1618 Kuldiga was the residence of his youngest son Wilhelm and a capital of Kurzeme. The town profited from trading with Riga and Jelgava because of taxes on all goods taken across the bridge. In 1615, the bridge was destroyed by floods, causing a great loss to the town. In the same year, there was a huge fire destroying the major part of the wooden constructions in the town. After reconstruction of the town, a new market place was established (the Square of the City Council nowadays) and a new Town Hall was built (Baznīcas iela 5 nowadays), which we now name as the old one. So the centre of the town was moved from the old place near by the St. Catherine's Church to the present Square of the City Council. The richest citizens and merchants built their houses around the new centre of the town.
In the second part of the 19th century, small industrial companies began to be developed in the town. Some of them became factories with more than 100 workers. The largest factory in Kuldiga was the factory "Vulkāns" producing matches (established in 1878 and closed in 2004), and the label of matchboxes had an image of a deer on it. The second largest was the factory of Vintelers Tūki. Furthermore things such as needles, cigars, soap, vodka, liqueurs and mineral water were produced in Kuldiga. Beer brewing was the tradition with deep routes – beer was brewed in the order castle, in the duke's manors and in the town as well. Many new buildings were built in this period – not only residential, but also municipal and public buildings. After several centuries, Kuldiga got a new bridge across the River Venta (1873–74), a new Town Hall was built (1868), the Orthodox Parish House and a church in Liepājas iela, a prison (which is a post office nowadays), the House of Latvian Society (which is the Centre for Culture nowadays), the German 'Gymnasium' (secondary school) in Kalna iela 19 and other buildings as well. Soon the number of local inhabitants doubled, reaching 13 thousand just before World War I.

Sightseeing objects
Kuldīga is a small and attractive town in Kurzeme which has always been admired and praised by poets and painters. The 'historical city centre, which developed in the 17th and 18th centuries, has still preserved the old wooden buildings which form small and narrow streets. The oldest wooden building in Kurzeme put up in 1670 can be found near the Town square. The Old Town hall was built in the 17th century. The town square, since the very origins of the settlement, was a place where townspeople used to gather. The tradition has survived: the pulse of the town is best felt in the central square, a venue for weavers' exhibitions, traditional festivities and other events.

The Venta waterfall (Ventas rumba) is the widest waterfall in Europe. This 240 meter wide naturally formed waterfall is associated with a number of legends and historic events. In spring, one can watch the fish flying up the ledge; due to this, Kuldīga was once famous as a "place where they catch salmon in the air".

The old brick bridge across the Venta was built in 1874 and is the longest bridge of this kind of road bridge in Europe – 164 m. It was built according to 19th century standards – 500 feet long and 26 feet wide, allowing two carriages to pass each other. It consisted of seven spans of brick vaults. During World War I two of the spans were blown up. The 'race of the naked' over the bridge has become an annual tradition for Midsummer nights.

The Alekšupīte River flows directly along the walls of many buildings which is why Kuldīga has been called the Venice of Latvia. Initially the buildings of the town centre were constructed as the suburb of Kuldīga. In 1701, during the Great Northern War, the Swedish army invaded Kuldīga Castle and in 1709 it became uninhabitable, but in the 19th century the castle ruins were relocated.

Alekšupīte Waterfall was fixed and built up in the 17th century to use the stream to operate the first paper mill in Kurzeme. As the waterfall is created artificially and is located next to the unattended mill building. An annual race is held on the Alekšupīte, when the contestants run directly along the river bottom.

St Catherine's Church was originally built in 1252. However, it was built anew with baroque style wood carvings on the altar. The church was given the name of St Catherine, the patroness of the town. One of the most successful rulers of the Duchy of Courland, Duke Jacob was baptized in this church, and his wedding to Princess Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg also took place here.

Liepājas street is a pedestrian street with several 17th–20th-century buildings, interesting doors and special windows.

Sculptress Livija Rezevska's sculpture museum was founded in 2003. The visitors may see more than 15 sculptures characterizing Latvian nation, its strength unity and love.

The Riežupe Sand Caves make up the longest cave labyrinth in Latvia (about 2 km, 460 m can be toured). During Duke Jacob's reign the sand from Riežupe sand caves was taken by ships abroad for glass production.

Synagogue
One of the largest buildings in Kuldiga (1905 street 6) known for its splendorous interior in marble with gilded details, is the Jewish synagogue. Documents in ancient Hebrew describing the construction of the building in 1875 are located in the Kuldiga District Museum. It was built during the reign of the tsar Alexander II and was the centre of a vibrant Jewish community. The synagogue was part of a larger complex with an adjacent prayer house, the Jewish sepulchre, and Jewish school, which can still be seen today. The Jewish community had been active since the settlement in the duchy of Courtland in the 16th century. Most of the first immigrants came from north western German territories, but around the mid-17th century unrest in Poland caused an influx of Jews from that region. By the 18th century, the Jewish population of Kurzeme played an active role in the economic life of the province. In 1941 the synagogue became a trap when all of Kuldigas' Jews were imprisoned in the synagogue and held there for several days by Nazis and Latvian sympathizers, before being divided into smaller groups and shot in the nearby forests. Shortly after the extermination of Jews, Germans set up food storage in the synagogue. Later during the first years of the Soviet Union a grain house was set up inside, and later abandoned for a couple of years. In 1958 the synagogue was transformed into the cinema Kurzeme. It contained 450 seats and a reading room. It remained a cinema until 2003, after the reinstatement of Latvian independence. In later years there was also a café and night club. , the synagogue was completely transformed into the central library of Kuldiga and a performance space. The building in its present state is stately and pristine, but there are no exterior signs of the building's Jewish past (such as stars of David). The roof ornaments which can be seen in old photographs of the synagogue are still missing: three bare plinths, like chimneys, mark the gables on either side of the building. There is (as of August 2017) a plaque explaining the history of the building.

Gallery

Sports
Kuldīga Half Marathon – an annual road marathon is held in Kuldīga since 2006.

Latvia's first indoor arena for athletics was opened in Kuldīga in 2008.

Notable residents
Jacob Kettler (1610–1682), the Duke of Courland and Semigallia
 Zelig Kalmanovich (1885–1944), Jewish philologist, translator and historian
Max Weinreich (1894–1969), the linguist
James Martin Eder (1838-1921), Pioneer of the sugar industry in Colombia

Twin towns — sister cities

Kuldīga is twinned with:

 Drøbak, Norway
 Geesthacht, Germany
 Mtskheta, Georgia

See also
Kuldīga Half Marathon
Kuldiga Castle

References

External links

 Kuldiga webpage
 For Visitors
 Photos of Kuldiga
 Ventas Rumba – 360° virtual tour
Awarded "EDEN – European Destinations of Excellence" non traditional tourist destination 2007

Towns in Latvia
1378 establishments in Europe
Castles of the Teutonic Knights
Goldingen County
Holocaust locations in Latvia
Kuldīga Municipality
Courland
Historic Jewish communities in Latvia
World Heritage Sites in Latvia

Kuldīga


Hüsnü Savman, (1908, Balıkesir - 8 Mart 1945, İstanbul), Türk millî futbolcudur. Beşiktaş'ın unutulmaz oyuncularından. Beşiktaş'ta Baba lakabının verildiği ilk oyuncu olarak Baba Hüsnü olarak tanındı. 8 Mart 1945 tarihinde futbolu bıraktıktan kısa bir süre sonra, henüz 37 yaşındayken öldü.

Kariyeri
1908 yılında Gönen'de doğdu. Beşiktaş'ın Bandırmaspor deplasmanına gidişinde, kulüp yetkilileri tarafından beğenilerek, kulübe kazandırıldı. 19 yaşındayken, Beşiktaş'ın A takımına alındı. 1926'dan 1943 sonuna kadar 17 yıl, Beşiktaş formasıyla genellikle sol bek, bazı maçlarda da santrafor olarak oynadı. Beşiktaş ile ilk maçında santrafor olarak görev yaptı. Kısa sürede kulübün sembol isimlerinden biri haline geldi. Uzun süre Beşiktaş'ın kaptanlığını yaptı. Aynı zamanda istihbarat teşkilatı adına da çalışmalar yürütmüştür.

Millî takım
Beşiktaş'ın ilk millî futbolcusu oldu. 8 kez A Millî forma altında görev yaptı, 3'ünde sahaya kaptan olarak çıktı.

Başarıları
Hüsnü Savman, 1 kez Türkiye Birinciliği, 1 kez Millî Küme, 6 kez İstanbul Ligi ve 1 kez de İstanbul Şildi şampiyonluğu yaşadı.

Kaynakça

1908 doğumlular
Balıkesir doğumlu futbolcular
1945 yılında ölenler
İstanbul'da ölenler
İstanbul'da defnedilenler
Yahya Efendi Tekkesi Haziresi'ne defnedilenler
Beşiktaş JK futbolcuları
Türkiye millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Türk Olimpiyat futbolcuları
1936 Yaz Olimpiyatları futbolcuları
Türk erkek futbolcular
Forvet futbolcular
Defans futbolcuları
Beşiktaş JK kaptanları

Hüsnü Savman


Mimar Hayreddin, 15. yüzyıl sonları ile 16. yüzyıl başlarında yaşayan bir Osmanlı mimarıdır.

Murad isminde bir mimarın oğludur. İstanbul'da çeşitli binalar inşa etmiştir. Osmanlı mimarisine bazı yenilikler getirmiştir. II. Bayezid devrinde inşa edilen pek çok binayı Mimar Hayreddin'in inşa ettiği veya inşasına katkıda bulunduğu çeşitli kaynaklarda geçmektedir. Mimar Hayreddin İstanbul'da kendi ismiyle anılan Mimar Hayreddin Cami'ni yaptırmıştır. Edirne'deki büyük II. Beyazıt Külliyesi de Mimar Hayreddin'in eseridir. 1509'daki depremde Galata Kulesi'nde meydana gelen hasar, Mimar Hayreddin tarafından yapılan ve 1510 yılı ortalarında tamamlanan çalışmalar kapsamında onarıldı ve kule tekrar yükseltildi.<ref  Vefat tarihi ve mezarının yeri bilinmemektedir.

Kaynakça

Osmanlı mimarları
15. yüzyıl mimarları
16. yüzyıl mimarları

Mimar Hayreddin


Ovo je popis likova iz meksičke telenovele Između ljubavi i mržnje, koja je snimljena 2001. godine te se temelji na jednoj radionoveli (Cadena de odio). Redatelji su Miguel Córcega i Edgar Ramirez.

Glavni likovi

Protagonisti
Ana Cristina Robles (Susana González)
Ana Cristina Robles je mlada i lijepa žena koja živi u kolibi blizu grada Guanajuata u Meksiku, zajedno sa svojim "djedom" i "bratom". Njezina je biološka majka Leonela mrtva, a otac joj je živ, premda Ana vjeruje da je i on mrtav. Njezin prekrasni konj ima ime Parnaso, po grčkoj planini.

Bila je dobra prijateljica Don Fernanda iz plemenite obitelji Villarreal. Prijetvorni Marcial ju je optužio da je bila Don Fernandova ljubavnica.

Jednog dana, dok je jahala Parnasa, Ana je srela Don Fernandovog nećaka Octavija te su se zaljubili.

Octavio Villarreal (César Évora)
Octavio je član obitelji Villarreal, usamljen čovjek ljut na svog strica Fernanda.

Fernando je bio protiv braka između Octavija i žene zvane Frida. Međutim, kad je Octavio čuo da mu stric umire, došao je u Guanajuato kako bi ga vidio posljednji put te je pritom sreo Anu na njezinu konju.

Ana Cristina i Octavio su se zaljubili, no Frida se vratila kako bi ga zavela. Ipak, Octavio je oženio Anu jer je to bila posljednja želja Don Fernanda, njegovog strica.

Sin Ane i Octavija je Fernandito ("maleni Fernando").

Antagonisti
Frida de Villarreal (Sabine Moussier)
Frida je mlada žena velike ljepote i inteligencije, koja je stvorila personu slatke i ljubazne dame, ali zapravo je "žena-vampir" i femme fatale.

Njezina ju je teta Cayetana odgojila. Frida se pokušala udati za Octavija, ali je njegov stric njoj dao mnogo novca kako bi odustala te su ona i njezina teta otišle živjeti život luksuza i opačina.

Kad je Frida saznala da je Fernando umro, vratila se u Guanajuato i otkrila Anu Cristinu. Premda je Octavio Anu oženio, Frida je pokušala spavati s njim.

Nakon što se Frida doista zaljubila u Octavija, oboljela je psihički te je zatvorena u umobolnicu. Također, zarazila se gubom.
Marcial Andrade (Alberto Estrella)
Marcial, nazvan po rimskom bogu rata Marsu, iznimno je zao čovjek i serijski ubojica, tajni Fridin ljubavnik te lažni najbolji prijatelj Octavija. On je također veoma opsjednut slavom, veličinom te osobom francuskog cara Napoleona.

On je spavao s Fridom mnogo puta te mu je ona rodila sina. Zajedno su izvodili mnoge seksualne perverzije, premda je on zapravo bio zaljubljen u lijepu ženu zvanu María Magdalena, čijeg je supruga potajno ubio u bolnici.

Frida je na kraju spalila Marciala u kadi punoj ulja, bacivši baklju u nju.

Drugi likovi

Obitelj Villarreal
Don Fernando Villarreal (Joaquín Cordero)
Don Fernando je bio star, bogat i skroman čovjek. Radnici u njegovoj tvornici cipela veoma su ga voljeli, kao i njegova dobra prijateljica, Ana Cristina.
Doña'' Josefa Villarreal (Marga López)Doña'' Josefa je ljubazna starica, sestra Fernanda te teta Octavija. Njezin je drugi brat bio Nicolás, otac Octavija.

Marcial ju je pokušao ubiti tarantulama.

Frida i Ana Cristina su obje postale pripadnice obitelji Villarreal udavši se za Octavija.

Obitelj Moreno
Rodolfo Moreno (José Ángel García)
Rodolfo je bio glava obitelji, dobar čovjek koji je radio za dobrobit obitelji. Njegova je žena lijepa María Magdalena (María Sorté), a sin im je José Alfredo (Fabián Robles).

Rodolfo je spavao sa sestričnom (Ofelia Cano) svoje supruge te je od nje dobio sina Gabriela (Luis Roberto Guzmán).

Fridina obitelj
Cayetana (Maritza Olivares)
Fridina teta Cayetana je lijepa i promiskuitetna žena, koja je bila Gabrielova ljubavnica. Ona je Fridu odgojila te je isprva bila Marcialu prijateljica.

Poginula je tako što ju je udario kamion na cesti.
Rosalía (Silvia Manríquez)
Rosalía je Cayetanina sestra te Fridina biološka majka. Predala je svoju kćer Cayetani.

Nakon što je otkrila da joj je Frida kći, brinula se za nju, posebice nakon što je otkriveno da Frida ima gubu.

Ostali likovi
Carmen Salinas — Chelo, dobra starica

Armando Palomo — Libertad, Fridina medicinska sestra
Luz Elena González — Fuensanta, supruga Joséa Alfreda koju je silovao njegov brat
Radamés de Jesús — Marcelino, brat Ane Cristine
Eduardo Noriega — Moises, Josefin sluga i njezina velika ljubav)
Ninón Sevilla — Macarena
Juan Carlos Serrán — Vicente
Mauricio Aspe — Tobias, Marcialov zli prijatelj
Rubén Morales — Otac Jesús Alarcón (svećenik)
Marlene Favela — Cecilia, koju je ubio Marcial
Marcial Casale — Trinidad
Aurora Alonso — Prudencia
Carlos Amador — Chino
Patricia Romera — Lucha
Violeta Isfel — Paz, Josefina sluškinja
Marcelo Buquet — Facundo
José Luis Reséndez — Nazario, brat Cecilije
Benjamín Rivero — Ratón, Marcialov prijatelj
Alberto Loztin — Rubén Alarcón
Miguel Córcega —  Manuel Robles, "djed" Ane Cristine
Jaime Lozano Aguilar — Dr. Edgardo Ramos
Freddy Ortega — Caco
Germán Ortega — Queco
Oscar Traven — Nicolás Villarreal, otac Octavija i brat Josefe
Jacqueline Bracamontes — Leonela, majka Ane Cristine
Enrique Lizalde ‒ Rogelio Valencia, otac Ane Cristine
Felicia Mercado — Lucila Montes, Rogelijeva ljubavnica
Víctor Noriega — Paulo Sacristán
Arturo Peniche — Fabio Sacristán, Paulov brat

Izvori i bilješke

Likovi iz televizijskih serija
Meksičke telenovele

Popis likova iz telenovele Između ljubavi i mržnje


ريجولا فينسكه Regula Venske (ولدت في 12 يونيو 1955 في ميندن) هي أديبة وعالمة أدب ألمانية.

درست علوم القانون في هايدلبرغ واللغة الألمانية والإنجليزية وآدابهما في هامبورغ. عملت معيدة في جامعة هامبورغ بين عامي 1982 و 1986، وحصلت على درجة الدكتوراه في عام 1987 عن رسالة حول صور الرجال في الأدب. ومن حينها تعمل كاتبة وصحفية في هامبورغ.

نشرت بين عامي 1991 و 2005 خمس عشرة رواية إجرامية، من بينها ثلاث روايات مشتركة مع كتاب آخرين. كما نشرت الكثير من القصص الإجرامية في الأنتولوجيات.

بجوار ذلك نشرت أعمالا في علم الأدب وبعض السير فكتبت مثلا عن الكاتبة فاني ليفالد. ولها كتب حررتها مثل «لماذا نحيا؟» و «الجنون المعتاد الكامل: عن الحب والحياة». وقد حصلت على أكثر من جائزة أدبية مثل جائزة القصة الإجرامية الألمانية في عام 1996. كما انها تعمل محررة أدبية في مجلة بريجيته Brigitte.

وتقيم حاليا مع زوجها دكتور أندرياس فانج وأسرتها في هامبورغ.

أشخاص يحتمل أن يكونوا أحياء
كتاب وكاتبات ألمان
مواليد 1955
مواليد في مندن

ريجولا فينسكه


Nokia 770 Nokia'nın ürettiği bir kablosuz Internet gezinti cihazıdır. Ürün e-posta okuyucusu, Internet tarayıcısı, Internet radyosu ve RSS okuyucusu gibi çevrimiçi hizmetlere yönelik programlar yüklü olarak gelir. Cihaz aynı zamanda Nokia 770 Internet Tablet olarak da bilinir.

Ürün geçmişi
Nokia 770 ilk olarak 25 Mayıs 2005'te New York'ta düzenlenen LinuxWorld Summit'te tanıtılmıştır.

Ürün ilk olarak 3 Kasım 2005'te Avrupa'da €349–369 fiyat aralığında satışa sunulmuştur. 14 Kasım 2005 tarihinden itibaren Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinde Nokia'nın Internet sitesinden $359.99 fiyatla satılmaya başlanmıştır.

Donanım

Nokia 770'ın işlemcisi 250 MHzlik Texas Instruments OMAP 1710'dır. Bu işlemci bir ARM mimarisisidir, bünyesinde bir ARM926TEJ ana bileşeni ve TMS320C55x sinyal işleyicisi barındırır. Cihaz üzerinde standart olarak 64 MB bellek bulunur.

Ekran çözünürlüğü 800 x 480'dir. Cihazın ufak boyutlarından dolayı bu çözünürlük 225 PPI'a tekabül eder. Ekranın tümü dokunmatiktir.

Kablosuz bağlantı seçeneği olarak 802.11b/g kullanır, ayrıca Bluetooth üzerinde bir telefonla eşleşerek de Internet erişimi sağlayabilir. Cihaz üzerinde bir adet mini-USB ve bir adet RS-MMC ve DV-RS-MMC standartlarını destekleyen RS-MMC yuvası bulunmaktadır.

Cihazın üstünde küçük bir hoparlör, kulaklık çıkışı ve mikrofon bulunmaktadır.

Aletin boyutları 141 × 79 × 19 milimetredir ve ağırlığı weighs 230 gramdır. Üretildiği yer Almanya ve Estonya'dır.

Yazılım
Nokia 770 işletim sistemi olarak 2.6.12 çekirdeği üzerine kurulu bir Debian GNU/Linux dağıtımı olan Internet Tablet 2005 Software Edition kullanır. Grafik kullanıcı arabirimi GTK+ ve Hildon bileşenlerinden oluşan bir X pencere yöneticisidir. Sistem aynı zamanda bir BusyBox içerir.

Maemo Nokia 770 için yazılım geliştirme platformuna verilen addır. Yazılım bileşenlerinin çoğu açık kaynaklı olan Nokia 770 için oluşturulan bu platforma http://www.maemo.org  adresinden ulaşılabilir.

Sistem halihazırda şu dosya biçimlerini destekler:

 Ses: MP3, RealAudio, MPEG-4, AAC, WAV, AMP, MP2
 Resim: JPEG, GIF, BMP, TIFF, PNG, hareketli GIF, SVG Tiny, ICO
 Video: MPEG-1, MPEG-4, RealVideo, H.263, AVI, 3GP

Sistemle beraber gelen Internet tarayıcı Opera'dır. Nokia gelecek sürümlerinde cihaza VoIP ve mesajlaşma desteği ekleme planları olduğunu açıklamıştır.

Eleştiriler
Nokia 770 bazı teknoloji yazarlarından sert eleştiriler almıştır.   Genel olarak bu eleştiriler yavaş işlemci, az bellek, kullanımı zor veri girişi yöntemleri ve Internet açıkken çok gitmeyen pil üzerine odaklanır. Dokunmatik ekranındaki klavyenin yavaş olduğu ve el yazısı tanımanın kabul edilemez derece kötü olduğu da şikayetler arasındadır. Başka bir eleştiri de aletin kullandığı hafıza kartlarının piyasada zor bulunması ve en çok 2 GB'a kadar destek vermesidir.

Daha ileri giden eleştiriler arasında Ethernet girişi veya klavye içermemesinden dolayı Nokia 770'in bir PDA olmaktan çok uzak olduğu bulunmaktadır. Nokia'nın aleti neden cep telefonu olarak üretmediği de sorgulanmıştır.

Nokia 770 severler ise eleştirilere Nokia 770'in bir Internet tablet olduğunu, anlık ve kolay Internet erişimi için tasarlandığını, ve ne cep telefonu olma ne de dizüstü bilgisayarların yerine geçme amacı olduğunu belirterek cevap vermişlerdir.

Kaynakça
 Nokia 770
 Nokia 770 , Avrupa resmi sitesi
 Nokia debuts Linux-based Web device (Nokia Linux Tabanlı Ağ Cihazını Duyurdu)
 Nokia 770 Now Available in Europe (Nokia 770 Şimdi Avrupa'da)
 Nokia 770 Linux Internet Tablet hits shelves (Nokia 770 Internet Tablet Mağazalarda)
 Nokia 770 Internet Tablet review (Nokia 770 Internet Tablet Değerlendirmesi)
  Nokia 770 özellikleri
  Worst tech of 2006 (so far) (2006'nın şimdilik en kötü teknolojileri)
  It Does Little, and Not Very Well  (Az İş Beceriyor, Onu da İyi Beceremiyor)

Dış bağlantılar
 Nokia 770 , Türkiye resmi sitesi
 Nokia 770 , Avrupa resmi sitesi
 Nokia 770 , ABD resmi sitesi
 Nokia 770 ağ güncesi , Nokia 770 haberlerini takip eden bir site
 Maemo, resmi geliştirici sitesi
 Planet Maemo , değişik Nokia 770 kaynakları derleyen bir site
 InternetTabletTalk , Nokia 770 geliştiricileri arasında çok bilinen bir topluluk sitesi
 Ari Jaaksi'nin ağ güncesi , Nokia Açık Kaynak Geliştirme direktörünün sayfası

Taşınabilir bilgisayarlar
0770
2005 tanıtımları

Nokia 770


Paludan-Müllers Vej er en større byvej i det nordlige Aarhus der strækker sig i en længere bue fra Langelandsgade til rundkørslen ved Karl Krøyers Vej og Skejby Nordlandsvej. Undervejs passerer vejen bl.a. Storcenter Nord, Herredsvang og Aarhus Universitetshospital i Skejby, ligesom den krydser Ringgaden, Hasle Ringvej og Aarhus Letbane.

Palaudan-Müllers Vej er navngivet i 1909 efter den danske digter Frederik Paludan-Müller (1809-1876).

Vejen lå oprindeligt mellem Katrinebjergvej og Langelandsgade, men blev siden hen forlænget i flere omgange. Sidst i 2010'erne til vejkrydset ved Skejby Nordlandsvej i forbindelse med udbygningen af Skejby og Universitetshospitalet. Palaudan-Müllers Vej var oprindelig 1,5 km lang, men er siden forlænget til ca. 5,5 km.

Kilder og henvisninger

Gader i Aarhus

Paludan-Müllers Vej (Aarhus)


Svijet

Umjetnička djela

Događaji

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Umjetnička djela

Događaji

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

 13. studenoga  Slavko Sobin, hrvatski je kazališni, televizijski i filmski glumac

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Kazalište u 1984.


Thomas James "T. J." Brodie (* 7. Juni 1990 in Chatham, Ontario) ist ein kanadischer Eishockeyspieler, der seit Oktober 2020 bei den Toronto Maple Leafs in der National Hockey League unter Vertrag steht. Zuvor verbrachte der Verteidiger zehn Jahre in der Organisation der Calgary Flames.

Karriere
T. J. Brodie begann seine Karriere als Eishockeyspieler in der kanadischen Juniorenliga Ontario Hockey League, in der er von 2006 bis 2010 für die Saginaw Spirit und Barrie Colts aktiv war. In diesem Zeitraum wurde er im NHL Entry Draft 2008 in der vierten Runde als insgesamt 114. Spieler von den Calgary Flames ausgewählt. Für Calgary gab er in der Saison 2010/11 sein Debüt in der National Hockey League, wobei er in drei Spielen punktlos blieb. Die restliche Spielzeit verbrachte er bei Calgarys Farmteam Abbotsford Heat in der American Hockey League. Dort konnte er überzeugen und nahm am AHL All-Star Classic teil. In der Saison 2011/12 kam er zwar weiterhin in einigen Spielen für Abbotsford in der AHL zum Einsatz, jedoch konnte sich der Kanadier einen Stammplatz im NHL-Team der Calgary Flames erspielen.

Sein internationales Debüt gab Brodie bei der Weltmeisterschaft 2013, wo er zu sieben Einsätzen für die kanadische Auswahl kam.

Nach zehn Jahren in Calgary wurde sein auslaufender Vertrag nach der Spielzeit 2019/20 nicht verlängert, sodass er sich im Oktober 2020 als Free Agent den Toronto Maple Leafs anschloss. Dort unterzeichnete er einen neuen Vierjahresvertrag, der ihm ein durchschnittliches Jahresgehalt von fünf Millionen US-Dollar einbringen soll. Zum Zeitpunkt seines Weggangs aus Calgary hatten nur drei Verteidiger mehr Partien für die Flames absolviert als er (634).

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 2011 Teilnahme am AHL All-Star Classic

Karrierestatistik
Stand: Ende der Saison 2022/23

International
Vertrat Kanada bei:
 Weltmeisterschaft 2013

Weblinks

Eishockeynationalspieler (Kanada)
Eishockeyspieler (Saginaw Spirit)
Eishockeyspieler (Barrie Colts)
Eishockeyspieler (Abbotsford Heat)
Eishockeyspieler (Calgary Flames)
Eishockeyspieler (Toronto Maple Leafs)
Kanadier
Geboren 1990
Mann

T. J. Brodie


est un film japonais réalisé par Kaneto Shindō et sorti en 1955.

Synopsis
Cinq agents d'assurances, trois hommes et deux femmes, embauchés à l'essai comme démarcheurs pour vendre des assurances-vie, sont menacés de licenciement pour n'avoir pas réalisé le plan de vente de l'entreprise. Payés à la commission, tous vivent dans des conditions sociales très précaires.

Akiko Yano et Tomie Fujibayashi sont veuves de guerre et doivent élever seules leurs enfants. Yoshikawa, un ancien scénariste héberge la famille de son gendre au chômage et Mikawa, un ancien ouvrier d'une usine automobile ayant perdu son emploi après un accident qui lui a mutilé la main, peuvent à peine nourrir leur famille. Harashima, un employé de banque licencié pour ses activités syndicales, vit un mariage malheureux avec une femme qui refuse de divorcer sans indemnité.

En désespoir de cause, ils décident de cambrioler un transport d'argent postal sur son trajet quotidien. Le coup est réussi et les membres du groupe sont surnommés « les loups » dans la presse. Tomie Fujibayashi se suicide avec ses deux enfants tandis que les autres membres du gang sont arrêtés les uns après les autres.

Fiche technique
 Titre original :
 Titre français : Les Loups
 Réalisation : Kaneto Shindō
 Scénario : Kaneto Shindō
 Photographie : Takeo Itō
 Montage : Yoshitama Imaizumi
 Décors : Takashi Marumo
 Musique : Akira Ifukube
 Société de production : Kindai Eiga Kyōkai
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : japonais
 Format : noir et blanc — 1,33:1 — 35 mm — son mono
 Genre : drame
 Durée : 127 minutes (métrage : quatorze bobines - )
 Date de sortie :
 Japon :

Distribution
 Nobuko Otowa : Akiko Yano
 Sanae Takasugi : Tomie Fujibayashi
 Taiji Tonoyama : Yoshiyuki Mikawa
 Kin Sugai : Fumiyo Mikawa, sa femme
 Jun Hamamura : Harashima
 Yoshiko Tsubouchi : Tomoko Harashima, sa femme
 Ichirō Sugai : Fusajiro Yoshikawa
 Yuriko Hanabusa : la femme de Fusajiro
 Tsutomu Shimomoto : Takahashi, le gendre de Fusajiro
 Miwa Saitō : la fille de Fusajiro, la femme de Takahashi
 Eijirō Tōno : Tetsugoro Kamimori, président de Tōyō Seimei
 Masao Mishima : directeur, employé de Tōyō Seimei
 Masao Shimizu : directeur, employé de Tōyō Seimei
 Kinzō Shin : Hideo Yamamoto, un agent d'assurance
 Jūkichi Uno : médecin, employé de Tōyō Seimei
 Eitarō Ozawa (crédité sous le nom de Sakae Ozawa) : M. Hashimoto, employé de Tōyō Seimei, chef d'équipe du bureau d'Ikebukuro
 Tanie Kitabayashi : Mme Machida, employée de Tōyō Seimei, cheffe d'équipe du bureau d'Ikebukuro
  : employé de Tōyō Seimei
  : une enseignante
  : inspecteur de police
 Shin Date : inspecteur de police
 Akitake Kōno : inspecteur de police
 Bokuzen Hidari : propriétaire d'une blanchisserie
 Tomoko Naraoka : infirmière
  : le policier au passage à niveau

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film japonais sorti en 1955
Film dramatique japonais
Film japonais en noir et blanc
Film réalisé par Kaneto Shindō
Film en japonais
Film avec une musique composée par Akira Ifukube
Film se déroulant à Tokyo

Les Loups (film, 1955)


Flight Angels é um filme de aviação comercial estadunidense de 1940, dos gêneros comédia dramática romântica, produzido por Edmund Grainger e dirigido por Lewis Seiler, com uma história original de Jerry Wald e Richard Macaulay. O filme é estrelado por Virginia Bruce, Dennis Morgan, Wayne Morris, Ralph Bellamy e Jane Wyman como funcionários de uma companhia aérea, pilotando aviões Douglas DC-3.

A trama retrata as condições operacionais de uma companhia aérea comercial, enquanto segue suas aeromoças e pilotos, mostrando suas rotinas diárias, pontuadas com os detalhes de suas vidas pessoais.

Sinopse
O piloto comercial Chick Farber (Dennis Morgan) é suspenso pelo Superintendente de Voo Bill Graves (Ralph Bellamy) quando um exame físico de voo revela que sua visão está falhando. Ajudado por Mary Norvell (Virginia Bruce) e Nan Hudson (Jane Wyman), Graves convence Chick a trabalhar como professor em uma escola preparatória para aeromoças.

Elenco
 Virginia Bruce como Mary Norvell
 Dennis Morgan como Chick Farber
 Wayne Morris como Artie Dixon
 Ralph Bellamy como Bill Graves
 Jane Wyman como Nan Hudson
 John Litel como Dr. Barclay
 Margot Stevenson como Rita
 Dorothea Kent como Mabel
 John Ridgely como Ten. Parsons
 Lucile Fairbanks como Thelma
 Maris Wrixon como Bonnie
 Jan Clayton como Jane Morrow
 Lynn Merrick como Marilyn (creditada como Marilyn Merrick)
 Phyllis Hamilton como Phyllis
 Carol Hughes como "Texas"

Produção

O uso do American Airlines Douglas Sleeper Transport, a variante inicial do onipresente Douglas DC-3, que tinha acomodações para 24 passageiros durante o dia e era equipado com 16 berços nas cabines durante a noite, deu um ar de autenticidade ao filme.

A fotografia principal consistindo em fotos aéreas e exteriores ocorreu no Aeroporto de Burbank, na Califórnia. Embora uma mistura de maquetes de estúdio, aeronaves reais e modelos tenham sido usadas de forma eficaz, as filmagens do DC-3 no início do filme levaram "Flagship Illinois" a se tornar "Flagship Tennessee" quando o avião começa a taxiar do portão, e depois se torna "Flagship Illinois" novamente quando os passageiros estão saindo após um pouso de emergência, necessário pelo nascimento a bordo de um bebê.

O elenco era composto por um grande grupo de estrelas, umas em ascensão e outras em declínio, que não eram típicas de um filme menor. Enquanto filmando "Flight Angels" em 1940, Wayne Morris se interessou por aviação e se tornou um aviador naval. Quando a guerra se tornou iminente, Morris se juntou à reserva naval e se tornou um piloto da Marinha em 1942, deixando sua carreira cinematográfica de lado durante a guerra. Voando em um Grumman F6F Hellcat para fora do porta-avião USS Essex, Morris abateu sete aviões japoneses e contribuiu para o naufrágio de cinco navios.

Aeronaves presentes no filme
 Avião Boeing 247 (sob os créditos do título, com o logotipo da United Air Lines)

 Aviões Douglas DC-3/DST (na libré da American Airlines)

 Lockheed Model 12A Electra Junior substituindo o "navio estratosfera". Lockheed 12A, número de registro NC17342, ex-propriedade da Lang Transportation, Las Vegas, Nevada, e também foi usada no filme da Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer "Rosalie" (1937), "Happy Landing" (1938), "Secret Service of the Air" (1938).

Recepção
Considerado apenas um filme B, "Flight Angels" foi denunciado em revisões contemporâneas como humilhante para as mulheres e estereotipado no tratamento de pilotos e aviadores.

Notas

Bibliografia
 Dolan, Edward F. Jr. Hollywood Goes to War. London: Bison Books, 1985. .
 Evans, Alun. Brassey's Guide to War Films. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books, 2000. .
 Hardwick, Jack and Ed Schnepf. "A Buff's Guide to Aviation Movies". Air Progress Aviation Vol. 7, No. 1, Spring 1983.
 O'Leary, Michael. "Junior Bomber." Air Classics, December 2001.
 O'Leary, Michael. "Shining Stars (Part Two)." Air Classics, December 2001 Another detailed history of the Lockheed 12. (Note: The online article has combined it with the subarticle: "Junior Bomber".)
 Orriss, Bruce. When Hollywood Ruled the Skies: The Aviation Film Classics of World War II. Hawthorne, California: Aero Associates Inc., 1984. .

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1940
Filmes de drama dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de drama da década de 1940
Filmes de romance dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de romance da década de 1940
Filmes da Warner Bros.
Filmes sobre aviação
Filmes com trilha sonora de Heinz Roemheld
Filmes em preto e branco
Filmes em língua inglesa

Flight Angels


وجيهة الحويدر (من مواليد 1962 أو 1963م على الأرجح) هي كاتبة وناشطة حقوقية سعودية في مجال حقوق الإنسان. تعمل وجيهة الحويدر في شركة أرامكو السعودية.

مسيرتها
في عام 2003م مُنِعت وجيهة الحويدر من الكتابة في الصحف، وفي 4 أغسطس 2006 اُعتِقلت إثر رفعها لافتة تطالب بحقوق المرأة على جسر الملك فهد الذي يربط بين السعودية والبحرين وأفرج عنها بعد أن أعطيت إنذارًا لتخطيطها لعمل مظاهرات في السعودية علماً بأن المظاهرات ممنوعة بالسعودية. في 20 سبتمبر 2006 استدعت إدارة المباحث في الخبر وجيهة الحويدر وحققت معها قرابة ست ساعات وأجبرت الناشطة وجيهة الحويدر على التوقيع على تعهد خطي بعد القيام بأي نشاطات ميدانية أو إلكترونية حقوقية ومنعت من السفر على إثر ذلك لمدة قصيرة.

منذ منتصف العام 2004، تقوم وجيهة بكتابة مقال بشكل شبه اسبوعي. كما أن هناك أكثر من 100 مقال نشرت لها منذ ذلك التاريخ وحتى الآن في موقع الحوار المتمدن وتدور معظم مقالاتها حول حقوق المرأة والمساواة.

في تاريخ 18 رمضان 1428 هـ الموافق 19 ديسمبر 2008م، استضاف تركي الدخيل كلاً من وجيهة الحويدر والصحفية ابتهال مبارك في برنامج إضاءات، وذلك على إثر ضجة إعلامية بعد إصدار مجموعة مكونة من وجيهة الحويدر، ابتهال مبارك، فوزية العيوني وأخريات للائحة من 1100 توقيع لرجال ونساء مرسلة للملك عبد الله بن عبد العزيز ملك المملكة العربية السعودية للمطالبة بالسماح بقيادة المرأة للسيارة .

انظر أيضا
 ناتالي مورين
 منال الشريف
 سعاد الشمري

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة

سعوديون ناشطون في حقوق المرأة
كاتبات سعوديات
ليبراليون سعوديون
مواليد 1962
مواليد عقد 1960
ناشطات سعوديات
نسويون سعوديون

وجيهة الحويدر


إيل يمكن أن تكون :

  ،إله قديم في بلاد الشام

صفحات توضيح أسماء أماكن

إيل (توضيح)


The Zagros Mountains (; ; ; ; Luri: Kuh hā-ye Zāgros کویا زاگرس or کوه یل زاگرس) are a long mountain range in Iran, northern Iraq, and southeastern Turkey. This mountain range has a total length of . The Zagros mountain range begins in northwestern Iran and roughly follows Iran's western border while covering much of southeastern Turkey and northeastern Iraq. From this border region, the range continues to the southeast under also the waters of the Persian Gulf. It spans the southern parts of the Armenian highland, the whole length of the western and southwestern Iranian plateau, ending at the Strait of Hormuz. The highest point is Mount Dena, at .

Geology

The Zagros fold and thrust belt was mainly formed by the collision of two tectonic plates, the Eurasian Plate and the Arabian Plate. This collision mainly happened during the Miocene (about 25–5 million years ago or mya) and folded the entirety of the rocks that had been deposited from the Paleozoic (541–242 mya) to the Cenozoic (66 mya – present) in the passive continental margin on the Arabian Plate. However, the obduction of Neotethys oceanic crust during the Cretaceous (145–66 mya), and the continental arc collision in the Eocene (56–34 mya) both had major effects on uplifts in the northeastern parts of the belt.

The process of collision continues to the present, and as the Arabian Plate is being pushed against the Eurasian Plate, the Zagros Mountains and the Iranian plateau are getting higher and higher. Recent GPS measurements in Iran have shown that this collision is still active and the resulting deformation is distributed non-uniformly in the country, mainly taken up in the major mountain belts like Alborz and Zagros. A relatively dense GPS network which covered the Iranian Zagros also proves a high rate of deformation within the Zagros. The GPS results show that the current rate of shortening in the southeast Zagros is ~, dropping to ~ in the northwest Zagros. The north–south Kazerun strike-slip fault divides the Zagros into two distinct zones of deformation. The GPS results also show different shortening directions along the belt, normal shortening in the southeast, and oblique shortening in the northwest Zagros. The Zagros mountains were created around the time of the second ice age, which caused the tectonic collision, leading to its uniqueness.

The sedimentary cover in the SE Zagros is deforming above a layer of rock salt (acting as a ductile decollement with a low basal friction), whereas in the NW Zagros the salt layer is missing or is very thin. This different basal friction is partly responsible for the different topographies on either side of the Kazerun fault. Higher topography and narrower zone of deformation in the NW Zagros is observed whereas in the SE, deformation was spread more and a wider zone of deformation with lower topography was formed. Stresses induced in the Earth's crust by the collision caused extensive folding of the preexisting layered sedimentary rocks. Subsequent erosion removed softer rocks, such as mudstone (rock formed by consolidated mud) and siltstone (a slightly coarser-grained mudstone) while leaving harder rocks, such as limestone (calcium-rich rock consisting of the remains of marine organisms) and dolomite (rocks similar to limestone containing calcium and magnesium). This differential erosion formed the linear ridges of the Zagros Mountains.

The depositional environment and tectonic history of the rocks were conducive to the formation and trapping of petroleum, and the Zagros region is an important area for oil production. Salt domes and salt glaciers are a common feature of the Zagros Mountains. Salt domes are an important target for petroleum exploration, as the impermeable salt frequently traps petroleum beneath other rock layers. There is also much water-soluble gypsum in the region.

Type and age of rock

The mountains are completely of sedimentary origin and are made primarily of limestone. In the Elevated Zagros or the Higher Zagros, the Paleozoic rocks can be found mainly in the upper and higher sections of the peaks of the Zagros Mountains, along the Zagros main fault. On both sides of this fault, there are Mesozoic rocks, a combination of Triassic (252–201 mya) and Jurassic (201–145 mya) rocks that are surrounded by Cretaceous rocks on both sides. The Folded Zagros (the mountains south of the Elevated Zagros and almost parallel to the main Zagros fault) is formed mainly of Tertiary rocks, with the Paleogene (66–23 mya) rocks south of the Cretaceous rocks and then the Neogene (23–2.6 mya) rocks south of the Paleogene rocks. The mountains are divided into many parallel sub-ranges (up to  wide), and orogenically have the same age as the Alps.

Iran's main oilfields lie in the western central foothills of the Zagros mountain range. The southern ranges of the Fars Province have somewhat lower summits, reaching . They contain some limestone rocks showing abundant marine fossils.

Highest peaks
The peaks that are at least 3800 meters high and have a topographic prominence of at least 300 meters:

History

The Zagros Mountains have significant ancient history. They were occupied by early humans since the Lower Paleolithic Period. The earliest human fossils discovered in Zagros belongs to Neanderthals and come from Shanidar Cave, Bisitun Cave, and Wezmeh Cave. The remains of ten Neanderthals, dating from around 65,000–35,000 years ago, have been found in the Shanidar Cave. The cave also contains two later "proto-Neolithic" cemeteries, one of which dates back about 10,600 years and contains 35 individuals. Evidence from later Upper Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic occupations come from Yafteh Cave, Kaldar Cave near Khoramabad, and Warwasi, Malaverd near Kermanshah, Kenacheh Cave in Kurdistan, Boof Cave in Fars and a number of other caves and rock shelters. Signs of early agriculture date back as far as 9000 BC in the foothills of the mountains. Some settlements later grew into cities, eventually named Anshan and Susa; Jarmo is one archaeological site in this area. Some of the earliest evidence of wine production has been discovered in the mountains; both the settlements of Hajji Firuz Tepe and Godin Tepe have given evidence of wine storage dating between 3500 and 5400 BC.

During early ancient times, the Zagros was the home of peoples such as the later, the Kassites, Guti, Elamites and Mitanni, who periodically invaded the Sumerian and/or Akkadian cities of Mesopotamia. The mountains create a geographic barrier between the Mesopotamian Plain, which is in Iraq, and the Iranian plateau. A small archive of clay tablets detailing the complex interactions of these groups in the early second millennium BC has been found at Tell Shemshara along the Little Zab. Tell Bazmusian, near Shemshara, was occupied between 5000 BCE and 800 CE, although not continuously.

Population
The Zagros mountains have been inhabited by different groups of pastoralists and farmers for thousands of years. Pastoralist groups such as Bakhtiaris, Kurds or Qashqais move from their herds from the east slopes in summer (Yeylāgh) to the west slopes in winter (Gheshlāgh). Some major cities are located on the foothills of the Zagros mountains, including Sulaymaniyah, Kermanshah, Khorramabad, and Shiraz.

Bakhtiaris
The Bakhtiaris are a Lur tribe from Iran, primarily inhabiting the Central and South Zagros. Major cities inhabited by Bakhtiaris include Masjed Soleyman, Izeh and Shahr-e Kord. A significant number of Bakhtiari still practice nomadic pastoralism.

Kurds

Kurds are an Iranian ethnic group native to the northwestern Zagros and the eastern Taurus mountain ranges, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northern Syria. The high altitude of the Zagros mountains produces a series of choke points and valleys perfect for agriculture and human development. It has also long defended the Kurds in times of war by acting as a natural barrier.

Qashqai
Qashqai people are a tribal confederation in Iran mostly of Turkic origin. Significant populations can be found in Central and South Zagros, especially around the city of Shiraz in the Fars province.

Climate
The mountains contain several ecosystems. Prominent among them are the forest and forest steppe areas with a semi-arid climate. As defined by the World Wildlife Fund and used in their Wildfinder, the particular terrestrial ecoregion of the mid to high mountain area is Zagros Mountains forest steppe (PA0446). The annual precipitation ranges from  and falls mostly in winter and spring. Winters are severe, with low temperatures often below . The region exemplifies the continental variation of the Mediterranean climate pattern, with a snowy winter and mild, rainy spring, followed by a dry summer and autumn.

Glaciation
The mountains of the East-Zagros, the Kuh-i-Jupar (), Kuh-i-Lalezar () and Kuh-i-Hezar () do not currently have glaciers. Only at Zard Kuh and Dena some glaciers still survive. However, before the Last Glacial Period they had been glaciated to a depth in excess of , and during the Last Glacial Period to a depth in excess of . Evidence exists of a  wide glacier fed along a  long valley dropping approximately  along its length on the north side of Kuh-i-Jupar with a thickness of . Under conditions of precipitation comparable to current climatic record-keeping, this size of glacier could be expected to form where the annual average temperature was between , but since conditions are expected to have been dryer during the period in which this glacier was formed, the temperature must have been lower.

Flora and fauna

Although currently degraded through overgrazing and deforestation, the Zagros region is home to a rich and complex flora. Remnants of the originally widespread oak-dominated woodland can still be found, as can the park-like pistachio/almond steppelands. The ancestors of many familiar foods, including wheat, barley, lentil, almond, walnut, pistachio, apricot, plum, pomegranate and grape can be found growing wild throughout the mountains. Quercus brantii (covering more than 50% of the Zagros forest area) is the most important tree species of the Zagros in Iran.

Other floral endemics found within the mountain range include: Allium iranicum, Astragalus crenophila, Bellevalia kurdistanica, Cousinia carduchorum, Cousinia odontolepis, Echinops rectangularis, Erysimum boissieri, Iris barnumiae, Ornithogalum iraqense, Scrophularia atroglandulosa, Scorzonera kurdistanica, Tragopogon rechingeri, and Tulipa kurdica. The Zagros are home to many threatened or endangered organisms, including the Zagros Mountains mouse-like hamster (Calomyscus bailwardi), the Basra reed-warbler (Acrocephalus griseldis) and the striped hyena (Hyena hyena). Luristan newt (Neurergus kaiseri) – vulnerable endemic to the central Zagros mountains of Iran. The Persian fallow deer (Dama dama mesopotamica), an ancient domesticate once thought extinct, was rediscovered in the late 20th century in Khuzestan Province, in the southern Zagros. Also, wild goats can be found almost all over the Zagros mountain range.
In the late 19th century, the Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) inhabited the southwestern part of the mountains. It is now extinct in this region.

Religion
The entrance to the ancient Mesopotamian underworld was believed to be located in the Zagros Mountains in the far east. A staircase led down to the gates of the underworld. The underworld itself is usually located even deeper below ground than the Abzu, the body of freshwater which the ancient Mesopotamians believed lay deep beneath the earth.

Gallery

See also

Parts of the Zagros Mountains
 Mount Alvand
 Mount Arbaba
 Mount Derak
 Nalishkêne
 Qaleh gorikhteh

Other
 Alborz Mountains
 Al-Hajar Mountains, technically a continuation of the Zagros in the Arabian Peninsula
 Armenian highlands
 Battle of the Persian Gate
 Caucasus Mountains
 Corduene / Kurdistan
 Geography of Iran
 Geography of Iraq
 Geography of Turkey
 Iranian plateau
 Mountains of Ararat
 Mount Judi
 Silakhor Plain
 Tigris–Euphrates river system

References

External links

 Zagros, Photos from Iran, Livius.
 The genus Dionysia
 Iran, Timeline of Art History
 Mesopotamia 9000–500 B.C.
 Major Peaks of the Zagros Mountains

Mountain ranges of Iran
Mountain ranges of Iraq
Mountain ranges of Turkey
Iranian Plateau
Anatolia
Geography of Iranian Kurdistan
Geography of Iraqi Kurdistan
Geography of Turkish Kurdistan
Upper Mesopotamia
Physiographic provinces
Deforestation in Turkey

Zagros Mountains


Tilegnet Janne er en film instrueret af Jens Bukh.

Handling
Om at kræft ikke er uhelbredelig - og om medicinalindustriens magt. Rigshospitalet nægtede fuldstændig at samarbejde med forældrene, der også blev frataget deres sociale rettigheder, da de valgte at tage deres 6-årige pige med hjem fra leukæmiafdelingen. Afdelingens andre børn er døde, men Janne lever takket være forskellige naturhelbrederes indsats.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1974

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Tilegnet Janne


En ingeniería de software, el patrón de diseño módulo es un patrón de diseño utilizado para implementar el concepto de módulos de software definidos por el paradigma de programación modular, en un lenguaje de programación que no lo soporta, o lo soporta parcialmente.

Este patrón se puede considerar una variante del singleton o instancia única, con un propósito, más específico.

Definición
La meta del patrón para diseño de software, consiste en proporcionar las características y estructura sintáctica, definida por el paradigma de programación modular, a lenguajes de programación, que no son compatibles totalmente, o que solo lo  son a medias.

Estructura

Este patrón requiere 2 elementos, un elemento es el elemento de definición; el cual, puede ser un grupo de código fuente, un solo objeto, o una sola clase, que aplica este patrón. Y el otro, es el elemento de implementación, el cual es un grupo de código fuente, un solo objeto, o una sola clase, que utiliza el elemento de definición.

Un elemento, puede utilizar ambos casos, definir un patrón, y aplicar otro. Es común, en este patrón, que se aplique varias veces, en una misma aplicación.

Concepto
En el proceso de desarrollo de software, existen varias metodologías o paradigmas, para organizar el código fuente en componentes, agrupándolo y separándolo en varios componentes, en ocasiones, como clases u objetos. El paradigma de programación modular es una de esas metodologías, la cual se aplica, generalmente, junto con el paradigma de programación procedimental, como si fuesen una sola técnica. Por lo tanto, a veces, se considera que no debiese ser parte de el paradigma de programación orientada a objetos.

En muchos lenguajes orientados a objetos, el concepto de módulo está implementado de forma incompleta, o sin implementar. Sin embargo, el código fuente orientado a objetos es comúnmente distribuido en varios archivos, en donde hay elementos agrupados, físicamente, como archivos, y agrupados conceptualmente como espacios de trabajo (namespaces).

Varios lenguajes de programación soportan los espacios de trabajo, agrupando lógicamente clases, por medio de un identificador, como Java y C++.

Características

Para poder considerar un objeto singleton, o cualquier agrupamiento de código relacionado, que está implementando este patrón de diseño, las siguientes características deben estar presentes, en dicho código fuente:

 Cuando sea implementado por una clase u objeto, solo podrá existir una única instancia en todo el programa.
 El código deberá tener acceso público, y como propósito, deberá ser considerado para acceso público, no como un objeto singleton regular, que en ciertas ocasiones, podría tener acceso privado o acceso protegido.
 El código deberá tener acceso global, o ser miembro de una entidad con acceso global.
 Cuando sea implementado como orientado a objetos, las clases deberán preferentemente ser consideradas, que no serán extendidas.
 Deberá tener una función o procedimiento para inicialización, que podría ser la misma, equivalente, o complementaria, a un método constructor, de un objeto. Esta característica no es soportada por espacios de trabajo regulares.
 Deberá tener una función o procedimiento para finalización, que podría ser la misma, equivalente, o complementaria, a un método destructor, de un objeto. Esta característica no es soportada por espacios de trabajo regulares.
 Soporta y encapsula varios miembros relacionados, que también podrían ser singletons.
 En caso de tener miembros, esos elementos, podrían requerir su propio código para inicialización, y su propio código para finalización, que deberá ser ejecutado, por la función de inicialización, y por la función de finalización, respectivamente, del módulo principal.
 Varios de los elementos o miembros, serán funciones que realizan operaciones, en elementos externos a la clase u objeto, que implementa el patrón, y son proporcionados como parámetros de cada función. Esas funciones tienen el propósito de ser utilizadas como herramientas o bibliotecas.

Similitudes y diferencias con conceptos similares

Espacios de trabajo frente a módulos
Tanto los espacios de trabajo y los módulos, permiten agrupar entidades relacionadas con un identificador único, y en algunas situaciones intercambiarse. Ambos conceptos, se utilizan globalmente. Por lo tanto, su propósito principal, es el mismo.

Hay escenarios en donde un espacio de trabajo requiere que alguno o algunos de los elementos globales que lo componen, sean inicializados, y en ocasiones, se les aplique un proceso de finalización, ejecutando una función o método.

Debido a que un espacio de trabajo, solo está considerado para agrupar y contener elementos, y no realizar comportamiento alguno, el módulo tiene además el propósito para soportar tanto el proceso de inicialización, como el proceso de finalización.

Clases frente a espacios de trabajo
Las clases son utilizadas, a veces, también como Espacios de Trabajo, e incluso, combinados. En algunos lenguajes de programación que no soportan espacios de trabajo (por ejemplo: versiones anteriores de PHP, JavaScript o C), pero sí implementan clases y objetos; las clases son utilizadas por sí mismas, permitiendo acceso a sus elementos, sin tener que instanciar directamente cada clase en objetos.

En estas circunstancias, las clases están tomando la función de los espacios de trabajo y de los módulos.

A veces, para este propósito; la característica o modificador de compilación estática es aplicada a la clase misma, o alguno de los miembros de la clase.

Singleton frente a espacios de trabajo
En los lenguajes de programación en donde los Espacios de Trabajo no están soportados, o están soportados solo parcialmente; y los miembros individuales de una clase no pueden ser accesados, la solución es generar un único objeto de una clase específica, aplicando el patrón de diseño singleton.

Relaciones con otros patrones de diseño
El patrón de diseño módulo, puede ser implementado utilizando una especialización de el patrón de diseño singleton. Sin embargo, puede combinarse con otros patrones de diseño también.

Este patrón puede utilizarse, junto con los patrones decorador, objeto ligero y adaptador.

Implementaciones de el patrón de diseño módulo en diversos lenguajes de programación
La semántica y sintaxis de cada lenguaje de programación, puede causar que la implementación de este patrón varie. Cada nueva versión de cada lenguaje de programación, soportando nuevas características, puede causar que haya varias implementaciones, para el mismo lenguaje.

Los siguientes ejemplos muestran una posible implementación de este patrón, pero, podrían existir otros casos, para el mismo lenguaje, versión del lenguaje, y versión de compilador.

Note, que en algunos casos, el patrón de diseño adaptador o envoltorio, ha sido también aplicado, pero no es un requisito.

Ejemplos de implementaciones en lenguajes de programación orientados a objetos

Java
Aunque Java soporta el concepto de espacios de trabajo, una versión reducida del módulo, hay algunos escenarios en donde un desarrollado de software quisiera aplicar este patrón en este lenguaje.

Archivo para definición

package consoles;

public final class mainmodule {

  private static mainmodule Singleton  = null;

  public InputStream input  = null;
  public PrintStream output = null;
  public PrintStream error  = null;

  public mainmodule() {
    // does nothing on purpose !!!
  }

  // ...

  public static mainmodule getSingleton() {
    if (mainmodule.Singleton == null) {
       mainmodule.Singleton = new Consoles.mainmodule();
    }

    return mainmodule.Singleton;
  }

  // ...

  public void prepare() {
    //System.out.println("console::prepare();");

    this.input = new InputStream();
    this.output= new PrintStream();
    this.error = new PrintStream();
  }

  public void unprepare() {
    this.output = null;
    this.input  = null;
    this.error  = null;

    //System.out.println("console::unprepare();");
  }

  // ...

  public void printNewLine() {
    System.out.println("");
  }

  public void printString(String value) {
    System.out.print(value);
  }

  public void printInteger(Integer value) {
    System.out.print(value);
  }

  public void printBoolean(Boolean value) {
    System.out.print(value);
  }

  public void ScanNewLine() {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  public void ScanString(String value) {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  public void ScanInteger(Integer value) {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  public void ScanBoolean(Boolean value) {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  // ...

}

Archivo para implementación

class ConsoleDemo {
  public static Consoles.mainmodule Console = null;

  public static void prepare()
  {
    Console = Consoles.mainmodule.getSingleton();

    Console.prepare();
  }

  public static void unprepare()
  {
    Console.unprepare();
  }

  public static void execute(String args[])
  {
    Console.PrintString("Hello World");
    Console.PrintNewLine();
      Console.ScanNewLine();
  }

  public static void main(String args[])
  {
    prepare();
    execute(args);
    unprepare();
  }
}

C# (C Sharp.Net)
C#, al igual que Java, soporta el concepto de espacios de trabajo, una versión reducida de un módulo; hay algunos escenarios, en donde un desarrollador de software quiera implementar este patrón en este lenguaje.

Archivo para definición

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;

namespace Consoles {

    public sealed class MainModule {

    private static MainModule Singleton = null;

    public InputStream  input  = null;
    public OutputStream output = null;
    public ErrorStream  error  = null;

    // ...

    public MainModule () {
      // does nothing on purpose !!!
    }

    // ...

    public static MainModule getSingleton() {
      if (MainModule.Singleton == null) {
        MainModule.Singleton = new MainModule();
      }

      return MainModule.Singleton;
    }

    // ...

    public void prepare() {
      //System.WriteLine("console::prepare();");

      this.input  = new InputStream();
      this.output = new OutputStream();
      this.error  = new ErrorStream();
    }

    public void unprepare() {
      this.output = null;
      this.input  = null;
      this.error  = null;

      //System.WriteLine("console::unprepare();");
    }

    // ...

    public void printNewLine() {
      System.Console.WriteLine("");
    }

    public void printString(String Value) {
	 System.Console.Write(Value);
    }

    public void printInteger(Integer Value) {
      System.Console.Write(Value);
    }

    public void printBoolean(Boolean Value) {
      System.Console.Write(Value);
    }

    public void ScanNewLine() {
      // to-do: ...
    }

    public void ScanString(String Value) {
      // to-do: ...
    }

    public void ScanInteger(Integer Value) {
      // to-do: ...
    }

    public void ScanBoolean(Boolean Value) {
      // to-do: ...
    }

    // ...

  }
}

Archivo para implementación

  class ConsoleDemo {
    public static Consoles.MainModule Console = null;

    public static void prepare()
    {
      Console = Consoles.MainModule.getSingleton();

      Console.prepare();
    }

    public static void unprepare()
    {
      Console.unprepare();
    }

    public static void execute()
    {
      Console.PrintString("Hello World");
      Console.PrintNewLine();
        Console.ScanNewLine();
    }

    public static void main()
    {
      prepare();
      execute(args);
      unprepare();
    }
  }

Ejemplo de implementaciones en lenguajes de programación funcional

JavaScript
Archivo para definición

function ConsoleClass() {
  var Input  = null;
  var Output = null;
  var Error  = null;

  // ...

  this.prepare = function() {
    this.Input  = new InputStream();
    this.Output = new OutputStream();
    this.Error  = new ErrorStream();
  }

  this.unprepare = function(name) {
    this.Input  = new InputStream();
    this.Output = new OutputStream();
    this.Error  = new ErrorStream();
  }

  // ...

  var printNewLine = function(name) {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  var printString = function(name) {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  var printInteger = function(name) {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  var printBoolean = function(name) {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  var ScanNewLine = function(name) {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  var ScanString = function(name) {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  var ScanInteger = function(name) {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  var ScanBoolean = function(name) {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  // ...

}

Archivo para implementación

function ConsoleDemo() {
  var Console  = null;

  var prepare = function(name) {
    Console  = new ConsoleClass();

    Console.prepare();
  }

  var unprepare = function(name) {
    Console.unprepare();
  }

  var run = function(name) {
    // echo "Hello World";
  }

  var main = function(name) {
    this.prepare();
    this.run();
    this.unprepare();
  }
}

Ejemplo de implementaciones en lenguajes de programación procedimentales
Este patrón, puede ser visto, como una extensión Procedural en Lenguajes Orientados a Objetos. pero, también aplica en otros escenarios.

Aunque, los paradigmas de programación procedimental y programación modular, se utilizan juntos, frecuentemente existen algunos casos en donde un lenguaje de programación procedimental, no aplique completamente el concepto de módulos.

PHP (modo procedimental)

Note que este ejemplo aplica en versiones procedimentales, sin espacios de trabajo, de PHP.

Archivo para definición

<?php
  // filename: console.php

  /* void */ console_prepare() {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  /* void */ console_unprepare() {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  // ...

  /* void */ console_printNewLine() {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  /* void */ console_printString(/* String */ Value) {
	 // to-do: ...
  }

  /* void */ console_printInteger(/* Integer */ Value) {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  /* void */ console_printBoolean(/* Boolean */ Value) {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  /* void */ console_scanNewLine() {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  /* void */ console_scanString(/* String */ Value) {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  /* void */ console_scanInteger(/* Integer */ Value) {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  /* void */ console_scanBoolean(/* Boolean */ Value) {
    // to-do: ...
  }
?>

Archivo para implementación

<?php
    // filename: consoledemo.php

    require_once("console.php");

    /* void */ consoledemo_prepare()
    {
      console_prepare();
    }

    /* void */ consoledemo_unprepare()
    {
      console_unprepare();
    }

    /* void */ consoledemo_execute()
    {
      console_printString("Hello World");
      console_printNewLine();
        console_scanNewLine();
    }

    /* void */ consoledemo_main()
    {
      consoledemo_prepare();
      consoledemo_execute();
      consoledemo_unprepare();
    }
?>

"C Puro"

Archivo para definición (encabezado)

  // filename: "consoles.h"

  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <ctype.h>

  void consoles_prepare();
  void consoles_unprepare();

  // ...

  void consoles_printNewLine();

  void consoles_printString(char* Value);
  void consoles_printInteger(int Value);
  void consoles_printBoolean(bool Value);

  void consoles_scanNewLine();

  void consoles_scanString(char* Value);
  void consoles_scanInteger(int* Value);
  void consoles_scanBoolean(bool* Value);

Archivo para definición (cuerpo)

  // filename: "consoles.c"

  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <ctype.h>
  #include <consoles.h>

  void consoles_prepare() {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  void consoles_unprepare() {
    // to-do: ...
  }

  // ...

  void consoles_printNewLine() {
    printf("\n");
  }

  void consoles_printString(char* Value) {
	printf("%s", Value);
  }

  void consoles_printInteger(int Value) {
    printf("%d", &Value);
  }

  void consoles_printBoolean(bool Value) {
    if (Value)
	{
	 printf("true");
	}
	else
	{
	 printf("false");
	}
  }

  void consoles_scanNewLine() {
    getch();
  }

  void consoles_scanString(char* Value) {
    scanf("%s", Value);
  }

  void consoles_scanInteger(int* Value) {
    scanf("%d", Value);
  }

  void consoles_scanBoolean(bool* Value) {
    char temp[512];
    scanf("%s", temp);

	*Value = (strcmp(Temp, "true") == 0);
  }

Archivo para implementación

  // filename: "consoles.c"

  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <ctype.h>
  #include <consoles.h>

  void consoledemo_prepare()
  {
    consoles_prepare();
  }

  void consoledemo_unprepare()
  {
    consoles_unprepare();
  }

  int consoledemo_execute()
  {
    consoles_printString("Hello World");
    consoles_printNewLine();
      consoles_scanNewLine();

	 return 0;
  }

  int main()
  {
    ErrorCode Result = 0;

    consoledemo_prepare();
    ErrorCode = consoledemo_execute();
    consoledemo_unprepare();

	return ErrorCode;
  }

Razones para considerar un módulo como patrón de diseño, por sí mismo
El patrón de diseño módulo puede ser considerado tanto como un patrón de creación o como un patrón estructural. Permite la creación de otros elementos, tal y como lo hace un patrón de creación. Al mismo tiempo, sirve para organizar otros elementos, y agruparlos, de la misma manera que lo hace, un patrón de estructura.

Este patrón, es comúnmente utilizado con el patrón adaptador, cuando se trata de normalizar un espacio de trabajo ya existente, aunque no es requisito necesario.

Un objeto que aplica este patrón, provee la misma funcionalidad de un espacio de trabajo, pero, adicionando el proceso de inicialización, y el proceso de finalización, que no está presente en el mismo.

Proporciona las mismas características que ofrece una clase estática, o una clase con miembros estáticos; pero con una sintaxis y semántica más clara, y precisa.

Soporta diversos escenarios, en donde una clase u objeto, puede ser tratado como datos estructurados y procedimentales. Y, viceversa, migrar datos estructurados y procedimentales, y puedan tratarse como datos orientados a objetos.

Véase también
 Patrones de diseño: resumen de los patrones de diseño de software, en general.
 Singleton o instancia única: un patrón para restringir y administrar una sola instancia de objetos, usualmente con acceso global.
 Adaptador: un patrón para permitir la interfaz de una clase, ser utilizada, como la interfaz de otra clase. También se le conoce como envoltura o traductor.

Patrones de diseño

Módulo (patrón de diseño)


is a district located in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.

As of the Yamato merger (but with 2003 population statistics), the district had an estimated population of 90,315 and a density of 115.2 persons per square kilometer. The total area is 784.03 km2.

Towns and villages
Kashima
Kōsa
Mashiki
Mifune
Yamato

Mergers
On February 11, 2005, the municipalities of Yabe and Seiwa merged with the town of Soyō from Aso District to form the new town of Yamato.

Districts in Kumamoto Prefecture

Kamimashiki District, Kumamoto


Fransızca'da "yuvarlanma" anlamındaki Roulement kelimesi, zamanla Türkçede "rulman" olarak kullanılmıştır. Rulmanlı yatak ya da yuvarlanmalı yatak (İngilizce rolling bearing, Almanca wälzlager), iç ve dış bilezikleri arasında bulunan yuvarlanma elemanları (rulmanlar) sayesinde minimum sürtünme ile millerin veya aksların istenen yöndeki hareketlerine müsaade eden, istenmeyen yönlerdeki hareketlerini de engelleyen, yataklardır.

Rulmanlı yataklar; iç bilezik, kafes, rulmanlar (bilya, makara, masura veya iğne olabilir) ve dış bilezikten oluşur.

Rulmanlı yatak tipleri

Rulmanlı yataklar da kaymalı yataklar gibi öncelikle radyal yataklar ve eksenel yataklar olmak üzere ikiye ayrılır. Ancak radyal rulmanlı yatakların bazı çeşitleri bir miktar eksenel yük de taşıyabilmektedir.

Yuvarlanma elemanlarına göre

 Bilyalı yataklar;
 Sabit bily rulmanlı yataklar,
 Eğik bilyalı rulmanlı yataklar,
 Omuzlu bilyalı rulmanlı yataklar,
 Oynak bilyalı rulmanlı yataklar,
 Dört nokta temaslı rulmanlı yataklar,
 Makaralı yataklar;
 Silindirik makaralı rulmanlı yataklar,
 Konik makaralı rulmanlı yataklar,
 Oynak makaralı rulmanlı yataklar,
 İğneli rulmanlı yataklar.

Dış bağlantılar
 Rulmanlı yatak çesitleri
 Çalışma prensibi
 Animasyonlar
 Early Bearing Failure Detection

Rulmanlı yatak


Life Is Strange este un joc video de aventură dezvoltat de Dontnod Entertainment și publicat de către Square Enix pentru Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 și Xbox One. Jocul a fost lansat în cinci părți episodice pe parcursul anului 2015. Jocul se concentrează pe Max Caulfield, o studentă de 18 ani, care descoperă că are capacitatea de a da timpul înapoi în orice moment, această acțiune având consecințe pe viitor. După ce a prevăzut o furtună care se apropia de orașul ei, Max a fost nevoită să ia responsabilitatea de a-și proteja orașul.

Referințe

Jocuri video de acțiune-aventură
Jocuri video din 2015

Life Is Strange


Heart of Oak debitantski je studijski album kanadskog progresivnog metal sastava Anciients. Album je 12. travnja 2013. godine objavila diskografska kuća Season of Mist.

O albumu
Album je ubrzo nakon svoje objave bio nominiran za glazbenu nagradu Polaris.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

Anciients
 Aaron "Boon" Gustafson – bas-gitara
 Mike Hannay – bubnjevi
 Chris Dyck – vokali, gitara, raspored ilustracija
 Kenneth Paul Cook – vokali, solo gitara
Dodatni glazbenici
 Chris Mathis – vokali (na pjesmama 3 i 8)
 Scott Ruddy – vokali (na pjesmi 7)
 Jesse Gander – Hammond orgulje (na pjesmi 9), inženjer zvuka, miksanje

Ostalo osoblje
 Alison Lilly – ilustracije, naslovnica
 Cam Strudwick – logotip
 Cody Clarke – inženjer zvuka
 Sebastian Kay – raspored ilustracija
 Alan Douches – mastering
 Thuja Knox – fotografija

Izvori

Albumi iz 2013.
Kanadski glazbeni albumi

Heart of Oak


Cet article présente les transports de Petrozavodsk (en , en ) de la ville de Petrozavodsk en république de Carélie en Russie.

Transport routier

Autoroutes
  (Kirkenes — Yalta)
  (Saint-Pétersbourg — Mourmansk)
  (Petroskoi — Suojärvi)
  (Petroskoi — Ochta)

Liaisons avec d'autres villes

 : Saint-Pétersbourg, Olonets, Kontupohja, Medvejiegorsk,Belomorsk, Кем, Mourmansk
  +  + : Moscou
 + : Sortavala
 +  +  + : Joensuu
 +  +  +  +  + : Helsinki
  + : Pitkäranta
  : Suojärvi

Transport par bus
Les lignes de bus urbaines sont les suivantes:

 Ligne N 2
 Ligne N 3
 Ligne N 5
 Ligne N 8
 Ligne N 9
 Ligne N 10
 Ligne N 12
 Ligne N 14
 Ligne N 17
 Ligne N 19
 Ligne N 20
 Ligne N 21
 Ligne N 22
 Ligne N 25
 Ligne N 26
 Ligne N 27
 Ligne N 29

Transport par trolleybus

Les lignes de  trolleybus sont les suivantes:

 1: Keminkatu – Heikkosenkatu
 2: Hiihdonkatu – Talonrakennuskombinaatti
 3: Tehtaankatu – Leipätehdas
 4: Hiihtokatu – Lokakuunkatu (Hypermarché Lenta)
 5: Hiihtokatu – Gare de Petrozavodsk marchandises
 6: Merimiehenkatu – Aleksanteri Nevalaisen katu – Antikaisenkatu – Gare de Petrozavodsk marchandises – Kirovinkatu – Aleksanteri Nevalaisen katu – Merimiehenkatu
 8: Tehtaankatu – Heikkosenkatu

Transport aérien

Les aéroports de Petroskoi sont :

 Aéroport Besovets vols internationaux et nationaux (ouvert en 1939) ;
 Aéroport Sands, vols intérieurs (ouvert au milieu des années 1930) ;
 Hydroport (exploité de 1932 aux années 1980).

Transport ferroviaire

Les gares de la ville de Petrozavodsk :

 Gare et place de la gare (place Youri Gagarine)
 Gare Onega . Il fonctionne depuis 1916 (un train d'essai a traversé la gare en 1915 en tant que "train de service").
 Gare Golikovka . Il fonctionne depuis 1916 (un train d'essai a traversé la gare en 1915 en tant que "train de service").
 Gare de Petrozavodsk
 Petrozavodsk-passager. Ouverte en 1955.
 Petrozavodsk-tovarny. Ouverte en 1916 (un train d'essai a traversé la gare en 1915 en tant que "train de service").
 Gare de Kamenny Bor . Ouverte en 1947.
 Gare ferroviaire de Tomica . Ouverte en 1916.
 Arrêt ferroviaire Onegzavod . Ouverte en 1947 fermée dans les années 1970.
 Dépôt de locomotives Petrozavodsk. Ouverte en  1916.

Transport lacustres

Des liaisons Petrozavodsk-Île de Kiji, Petrozavodsk-Challa et Petrozavodsk-Velikaya Guba sont organisés à partir du port.
Les billets sont vendus,  à un kiosque au poste d'amarrage n°4 du port.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Transport ferroviaire en Russie

Liens externes
  Bus
 Transport à Petrozavodsk

Transport à Petrozavodsk

Transport à Petrozavodsk


Salsoloideae, potporodica biljaka, dio porodice štirovki. Potporodica je opisana 1934. i u nju su uključena tri tribusa.

Ime je došlo po rodu solnjača (Salsola), iz Euroazije, sjeverne Afrike i Australije

Tribusi i rodovi

 Subfamilia Salsoloideae Raf.
 Tribus Suaedeae Moq.
 Suaeda Scop. (96 spp.)
 Bienertia Bunge ex Boiss. (4 spp.)
 Sevada Moq. (1 sp.)
 Lagenantha Chiov. (2 spp.)
 Tribus Salsoleae Dumort.
 Sympegma Bunge (2 spp.)
 Kali Mill. (21 spp.)
 Traganum Delile (2 spp.)
 Traganopsis Maire & Wilczek (1 sp.)
 Xylosalsola Tzvelev (6 spp.)
 Turania Akhani & Roalson (4 spp.)
 Halothamnus Jaub. & Spach (19 spp.)
 Oreosalsola Akhani (10 spp.)
 Collinosalsola Akhani & Roalson (2 spp.)
 Rhaphidophyton Iljin (1 sp.)
 Noaea Moq. (4 spp.)
 Salsola L. (33 spp.)
 Canarosalsola Akhani & Roalson (1 sp.)
 Arthrophytum Schrenk (9 spp.)
 Haloxylon Bunge (16 spp.)
 Halogeton C. A. Mey. (6 spp.)
 Cyathobasis Aellen (1 sp.)
 Girgensohnia Fenzl (5 spp.)
 Horaninowia Fisch. & C. A. Mey. (6 spp.)
 Cornulaca Delile (7 spp.)
 Nucularia Batt. (1 sp.)
 Anabasis L. (30 spp.)
 Tribus Caroxyloneae Akhani & Roalson
 Caroxylon Thunb. (114 spp.)
 Nitrosalsola Tzvelev (23 spp.)
 Kaviria Akhani & Roalson (10 spp.)
 Nanophyton Less. (8 spp.)
 Halocharis Moq. (9 spp.)
 Petrosimonia Bunge (12 spp.)
 Ofaiston Raf. (1 sp.)
 Pyankovia Akhani & Roalson (3 spp.)
 Halimocnemis C. A. Mey. (28 spp.)
 Piptoptera Bunge (1 sp.)
 Halarchon Bunge (1 sp.)
 Climacoptera Botsch. (32 spp.)
 Physandra Botsch. (1 sp.)

Izvori

Štirovke

Salsoloideae


Radu Fâlfănescu () a fost un general român care a luptat în cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial.

Decorații
  Ordinul "Coroana României" în gradul de Comandor (8 iunie 1940)

Note

Legături externe
  Generals.dk

Nașteri în 1888
Decese în 1972
Generali români din Al Doilea Război Mondial

Radu Fâlfănescu


Špinat (lat. Spinacia), manji rod jednogodišnjeg raslinja nekada klasificiran eks-porodici lobodovke (Chenopodiaceae), a danas u štirovke (Amaranthaceae). Tri vrste su priznate.

Vrste
 Spinacia oleracea L.
 Spinacia tetrandra M. Bieb.
 Spinacia turkestanica Iljin

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Anserineae

Špinat


نادي روديز  نادي كرة قدم فرنسي يلعب في دوري الدرجة الوطنية . تم تأسيس النادي في سنة 1929 .

مراجع

أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1929
الرياضة في أفيرون
تأسيسات سنة 1929 في فرنسا

نادي روديز


Mütareke ya da ateşkes antlaşması, savaşlarda çatışmaları sona erdiren silah bırakma, nihai ateşkes antlaşmasıdır. Mütareke metnine "mütarekename" denir. Mütarekename imzasından sonra başta toprak talepleri olmak üzere meselelerin çözüme kavuşturulduğu veya karara bağlandığı barış antlaşması imzalanır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Ateşkes
 Barış antlaşması

Askerî hukuk

Mütareke


Philippe Grandjean (født 1. marts 1950 i København), professor, dr.med., Student 1968 fra Herlufsholm, cand.med. 1974, forskningsstipendiat 1974-79, dr.med. 1979.

Han er en dansk professor i miljømedicin, der både er tilknyttet Syddansk Universitet som professor (siden 1982) og forskningsleder og (siden 2003) Harvard Universitet, hvor han er adjungeret professor, ligeledes i miljømedicin. Mellem 1994 og 2002 var han tilknyttet Boston University som adjungeret professor i miljømedicin og neurologi. Han har modtaget "Award for excellence in science in the public interest" i 2004 og  "Odd Fellow Ordenens Forskerpris" i 2010.
I 2015 modtog han Ramazzini-prisen, især for sit arbejde med virkningerne af methylkviksølv.

Han har blandt andet påpeget, at mængden af pesticidrester i danske børns og mødres urin er nået op på et så kritisk niveau, at han frygter, at det kan skade kommende generationers intelligens.

Bøger
Philippe Grandjean har skrevet følgende bøger.

 Miljø, sundhed og samfund, Nyt Nordisk Forlag,() (1991)
 Farlig forurening, Nyt Nordisk Forlag,() (1998)
 Kemi på hjernen, Gyldendal () (2015)

Referencer

Professorer fra Syddansk Universitet
Ansatte ved Harvard University
Personer i Kraks Blå Bog
Alumni fra Københavns Universitet

Philippe Grandjean


Fabiana Bravo (born in 1969), is an Argentine operatic soprano.

Life and work
Fabiana Bravo was born in Guaymallén Department, outside Mendoza, Argentina, to a family of modest means. She moved to Buenos Aires at age 22, and sought parts in the city's theatre scene. She appeared in José Cibrián's Drácula, and Peter MacFarlane's Broadway Follies and Broadway II, among other productions. It was a personally tailored full scholarship program at The Catholic University of America that brought Fabiana Bravo from Argentina to Washington, D.C. From there she also studied interpretation at the Renata Scotto Institute in Savona, Italy, and Verdian repertoire at the Verdi Opera Studio in Parma, Italy. Finally, she accepted a one-year scholarship program to study in Voghera, Italy, at the Academy of Vocal Arts. Her talent was noticed by singer Valeria Lynch, who hired Bravo and who, in 1995 introduced her to Italian tenor Luciano Pavarotti. Pavarotti included Bravo in an operatic talent contest, which she won, and which led to her role with Pavarotti as Lucia di Lammermoor at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia. Fabiana Bravo met with and performed for the United States Supreme Court in 1999, and has brought recognition of her hometown of Mendoza, through a series of South American Recitals. She was added to the Metropolitan Opera Roster in the 2001/2002 season, and continues to perform in New York, Washington, D.C., San Francisco, and Chicago with regularity. She would go on to portray Tosca, Countess Almaviva, Leonora, Giorgetta, and Madama Butterfly. In 1999, she was named Argentina's Woman of the Year for her remarkable contributions to the arts. She has also received numerous awards such as a Plácido Domingo Operalia Finalist, Opera Index winner and Met Council Winner of the Regional Finalist Competition.

In recent years, Bravo has sung the Countess Almaviva in The Marriage of Figaro (1997), Mimi in La bohème (1998), Donna Anna in Don Giovanni (1999) and the title role in Ariadne auf Naxos (2002), all in opera productions of Washington, D.C.'s Summer Opera Theatre Company. She also sings with Virginia Opera.

She performs in concert and opera throughout the world. Ms. Bravo currently resides in Washington, D.C., and Mendoza, Argentina.

Sources
Armendáriz, Alberto, "Fabiana Bravo en Nueva York" (in Spanish), La Nación, May 5, 2006
Regenstreif, Gary, "Soprano sings tragedy from the heart She wins world attention, but Argentine can't forget early loss and poverty", Toronto Star, December 24, 1996, p. D4
Tommasini, Anthony, "Thwarting Love and Greed In Puccini's Three One-Acts", The New York Times, September 12, 2002

1969 births
Living people
Argentine operatic sopranos
People from Mendoza Province
Benjamin T. Rome School of Music, Drama, and Art alumni
20th-century Argentine women opera singers
21st-century Argentine women opera singers

Fabiana Bravo


The 1929 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday, 30 May 1929 and resulted in a hung parliament. Ramsay MacDonald's Labour Party won the most seats in the House of Commons for the first time despite receiving fewer votes than the Conservative Party, led by Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin. The Liberal Party led again by former Prime Minister David Lloyd George regained some ground lost in the 1924 general election and held the balance of power. Parliament was dissolved on 10 May.

The election was often referred to as the "Flapper Election", because it was the first in which women aged 21–29 had the right to vote (owing to the Representation of the People Act 1928). Women over 30, with some property qualifications, had been able to vote since the 1918 general election, but the 1929 vote was the first general election with universal suffrage for adults over 21, which was then the age of majority.

The election was fought against a background of rising unemployment, with the memory of the 1926 general strike still fresh in voters' minds. By 1929, the Cabinet was being described by many as "old and exhausted".

The Liberals campaigned on a comprehensive programme of public works under the title "We Can Conquer Unemployment". There was anticipation of a potential revival of the Liberal Party after the reunification of Independent Liberals and National Liberals under Lloyd George's leadership in 1928 and following some victories in a series of by-elections after 1926. The incumbent Conservatives campaigned on the theme of "Safety First", with Labour campaigning on the theme of "Labour & the Nation".

This was the first general election to be contested by the newly formed Welsh nationalist party Plaid Cymru.

It stood as the last time when a third party polled more than one-fifth of the popular vote until 1983. The Liberals performed more successfully than at the previous general election in 1924, but could not regain its pre-World War I status as a party of government. The next election thus ushered in five decades in which two-party politics dominated.

Results

|}

Votes summary

Seats summary

Constituency results

Transfers of seats
 All comparisons are with the 1924 election.
In some cases, the change is owing to the MP having defected to the gaining party, and then retaining the seat in 1929. Such circumstances are marked with a *.
In other circumstances, the change is owing to the seat having been won by the gaining party in a by-election in the intervening years, and then retained in 1929. Such circumstances are marked with a †.

1 Previous MP had defected to the Conservatives by the 1929 election
2 Previous MP had defected to the Liberals by the 1929 election

See also
List of MPs elected in the 1929 United Kingdom general election
1929 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland
Constituency election results in the 1929 United Kingdom general election

References

Sources

Further reading

External links
United Kingdom election results—summary results 1885–1979

Manifestos
1929 Conservative manifesto
1929 Labour manifesto
1929 Liberal manifesto

1929
General election
General election
United Kingdom general election
Ramsay MacDonald
Stanley Baldwin
David Lloyd George

1929 United Kingdom general election


was a village located in Nishikunisaki District, Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 1,829 and the density of 39.70 persons per km2. The total area was 46.07 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Ōta, along with the town of Yamaga (from Hayami District), was merged into the expanded city of Kitsuki.

Dissolved municipalities of Ōita Prefecture

Ōta, Ōita


IC 4566 est une vaste galaxie spirale située dans la constellation du Bouvier. Sa vitesse par rapport au fond diffus cosmologique est de , ce qui correspond à une distance de Hubble de . Cette galaxie a été découverte par l'astronome américain Edward Barnard en 1890.

La classe de luminosité d'IC 4566 est I-II. Selon la base de données Simbad, IC 4566 est une galaxie LINER, c'est-à-dire une galaxie dont le noyau présente un spectre d'émission caractérisé par de larges raies d'atomes faiblement ionisés.

Groupe d'IC 4562
Selon Abraham Mahtessian, IC 4566 fait partie du groupe d'IC 4562, la galaxie la plus brillante de ce groupe. Ce groupe de galaxies compte au moins six membres. Les cinq autres galaxies du groupe sont NGC 5934, NGC 5945, IC 4562, IC 4564 et IC 4567.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des objets du IC

Liens externes

 IC 4566 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman

4566
Constellation du Bouvier
Galaxie spirale
Galaxie LINER
Galaxie découverte en 1890
Objet céleste découvert par Edward Barnard

IC 4566


O Secretum ou museu secreto foi uma seção do Museu Britânico criada oficialmente em 1865 para alojar todos os itens históricos considerados para serem obscenos.

História
Muitos itens considerados obscenos foram mantidos em segredo já em 1830. Um dos primeiros artefatos foi a Estátua de Tara que ficou escondida por trinta anos desde a década de 1830. O Secretum foi criado oficialmente em 1865 para armazenar todos os itens históricos considerados obscenos. É dito para ter sido formalmente criado em resposta aos requisitos da Obscene Publications Acts de 1857.

A partir da década de 1960, os artefatos foram retirados dessa coleção especial e incorporados às seções pertinentes nas salas abertas ao público, o livro Recriações com as Musas, agora localizado na Galeria do Iluminismo é um exemplo disso. Hoje em dia apenas alguns itens permanecem sob chave no Armário 55 e 54 no Departamento de Antiguidades Medievais e Posteriores. Entre muitos outros itens, continha anteriormente a coleção de artigos eróticos antigos dada ao museu por George Witt (1804–1869), médico e colecionador de antiguidades fálicas. Inacessível ao público, era um repositório de exposições de natureza erótica.

Um exemplo mais recente de conteúdo problemático é a Taça Warren que apresenta cenas de atos homossexuais. A taça foi oferecida para o Museu Britânico, mas por causa do assunto foi considerado muito controverso para comprar. A taça acabou sendo comprada por um preço muito mais alto e agora é um dos artefatos importantes do museu.

Ver também
 Gabinete Secreto (Nápoles)

Bibliografia

Museus eróticos
Sexualidade
Sexualidade no Reino Unido
Coleção do Museu Britânico

Secretum (Museu Britânico)