Brejnija (lat. Breynia nom. cons.), rod grmova iz porodice filantusovki (Phyllanthaceae) kojemu pripada oko 80 vrsta rasprostranjenih po Indijskom potkontinentu, Kini, jugoistočnoj Aziji, Papuaziji i Australiji.

Tipična vrsta je B. disticha, grm autohton u Novoj Kaledoniji i Vanuatuu, kasnije introduciran po drugim tropskim krajevima.

Vrste

 Breynia amabilis (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia amoebiflora (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia androgyna (L.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
 Breynia assimilis (Thwaites) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
 Breynia asteranthos (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia asymmetrica (Welzen) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia baudouinii Beille
 Breynia beillei Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia bicolor (Craib) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
 Breynia bishnupadae (M.Gangop. & Chakrab.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
 Breynia bonii (Beille) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia brevipes (Müll.Arg.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
 Breynia calcarea (M.R.Hend.) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia carnosa Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia cernua (Poir.) Müll.Arg.
 Breynia collaris Airy Shaw
 Breynia coriacea Beille
 Breynia coronata Hook.f.
 Breynia delavayi (Croizat) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia discigera Müll.Arg.
 Breynia discocalyx (Welzen) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia disticha J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
 Breynia diversifolia Beille
 Breynia fleuryi Beille
 Breynia fruticosa (L.) Müll.Arg.
 Breynia garrettii (Craib) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
 Breynia glauca Craib
 Breynia gour-maitii (Chakrab. & M.Gangop.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
 Breynia grandiflora Beille
 Breynia granulosa (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia gynophora Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia harmandii (Beille) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia heteroblasta (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia heyneana J.J.Sm.
 Breynia hirsuta (Beille) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia indosinensis Beille
 Breynia kerrii (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia kitanovii (Thin) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia lanceolata (Hook.f.) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia lithophila Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia macrantha (Hassk.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
 Breynia maichauensis (Thin) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia massiei Beille
 Breynia micrasterias (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia microphylla (Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn.) Müll.Arg.
 Breynia mollis J.J.Sm.
 Breynia oblongifolia (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
 Breynia obscura Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia officinalis Hemsl.
 Breynia orbicularis (Craib) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia pierrei (Beille) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia platycalyx Airy Shaw
 Breynia po-khantii (Chakrab. & M.Gangop.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
 Breynia podocarpa Airy Shaw
 Breynia poilanei (Beille) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia poomae (Welzen & Chayam.) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia pubescens Merr.
 Breynia pulchella (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia quadrangularis (Willd.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
 Breynia racemosa (Blume) Müll.Arg.
 Breynia repanda (Müll.Arg.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
 Breynia repens Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia reticulata (S.L.Mo ex P.T.Li) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia retusa (Dennst.) Alston
 Breynia rhynchocarpa Benth.
 Breynia rigida (Thwaites) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
 Breynia rostrata Merr.
 Breynia saksenana (Manilal, Prasann. & Sivar.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
 Breynia septata Beille
 Breynia shawii (Welzen) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia similis (Craib) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia spatulifolia (Beille) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia stipitata Müll.Arg.
 Breynia subangustifolia Thin
 Breynia suberosa (Airy Shaw) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia subindochinensis Thin
 Breynia subterblanca (C.E.C.Fisch.) C.E.C.Fisch.
 Breynia temii (Welzen & Chayam.) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia thoii (Thin) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia thorelii (Beille) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia thyrsiflora (Welzen) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia tiepii Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia tonkinensis Beille
 Breynia trinervia (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Müll.Arg.) Chakrab. & N.P.Balakr.
 Breynia tsiangii (P.T.Li) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia vestita Warb.
 Breynia villosa (Blanco) Welzen & Pruesapan
 Breynia virgata (Blume) Müll.Arg.
 Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm.f.) C.E.C.Fisch.
 Breynia yanhuiana (P.T.Li) Welzen & Pruesapan

Sinonimi
 Aalius Rumph. ex Kuntze
 Breyniopsis Beille
 Ceratogynum Wight
 Diplomorpha Griff.
 Foersteria Scop.
 Forsteria Steud.
 Heterocalymnantha Domin
 Melanthesa Blume
 Melanthesopsis Müll.Arg.
 Sauropus Blume

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Filantusovke

Brejnija


Ağlayan çam (Pinus wallichiana), çamgiller (Pinaceae) familyasına ait süs bitikisi olarak değerli olan bir çam türü.

Genel özellikleri
Açık bir taç ile özellikle güzel bir türdür. Uzun, asılı iğneleri sayesinde özellikle dikkat çekicidir. Taç, ilk başta geniş, piramidal bir şekle sahiptir, ancak daha sonra yatay olarak çıkıntı yapan dallarla çok geniş bir alana yayılır. Kendi başına serbestçe büyürken, dallar yere kadar ağaçta kalır. Doğal ortamında ağaç 50 m yüksekliğe kadar büyüyebilir, ancak yetiştiriciliğinde genellikle daha küçüktür. Gövde ilk başta pürüzsüz ve koyu gri renktedir, ancak daha sonra plakalar halinde dökülmektedir. Mavi buzlu iğneler bükülmüş, dikkate değer ölçüde uzun ve incedir ve özellikle genç dallardan dümdüz sarkar. Genç kozalaklar diktir, ancak daha sonra sarkarlar. 15-25 cm uzunluğunda ve 3-5 cm kalınlığındadırlar. Özellikle genç ağaçlar rüzgarlı alanlarda desteğe ihtiyaç duyar ve dona karşı hassastır. Kuru koşulları tolere eder.

Kaynakça

Pinus

Ağlayan çam


Nasija es una película del año 2006.

Sinopsis
Nasija relata, a través de la historia de una joven africana, el maltrato físico y psicológico al que es sometida la mujer en algunas culturas de este continente.

Premios
 XXII Festival Internacional de Cortometrajes de Berlín, 2006.

Referencias

Nasija


Anne-Grethe Foss (født 10. april 1942 i Horsens) er en dansk arkitekt og tidligere administrerende direktør for Metroselskabet 1993-2009, samt nuværende senior konsulent for Metroselskabet og Hovedstadens Letbane.

Baggrund og karriere
Anne-Grethe Foss er født i Horsens som datter af grosserer Aage Lynøe (1916-87) og Else Betty Vilma Nielsen (født 1916). Ca. 1968 blev hun uddannet arkitekt. Hendes speciale handlede om en metrolinje mellem Kongens Nytorv og Østerport med en station ved Marmorkirken. Inspirationen til metro i København kom fra Paris, hvor Foss havde været udvekslingsstuderende.

I 1969 blev hun ansat som byplankonsulent ved Skaarup Jespersen, og blev to år senere ansat som lærer ved Kunstakademiets Arkitektskole, hvor hun ligeledes var i to år. Fra 1973-75 arbejdede hun som statens kommiterede i byplansager, inden hun i 1975 blev fuldmægtig i Miljøministeriets Departement; en stilling hun havde frem til 1981, hvorefter hun blev ansat i Trafikministeriets Planlægningsafdeling; hvor hun i 1985 blev kontorchef. 1989-90 var hun kontorchef i KTAS, og 1990-93 planlægningschef i DSB.

I 1993 blev hun administrerende direktør for det nyetablerede Ørestadsselskabet (skiftede i 2007 navn til Metroselskabet), hvis opgave var at bebygge Ørestaden på Amager Fælled, samt at bygge de første tre etaper af minimetroen i København, som var blevet vedtaget af Folketinget året forinden. I 2009 trådte hun tilbage som administrerende direktør for Metroselskabet.

Private forhold
Privat blev Anne-Grethe Foss i 1960 gift med arkitekten Ole Foss, med hvem hun har sønnen Nikolaj (født 1961). Parret blev skilt i 1968. Fra 1975 til 1983 dannede hun par med civilingeniøren Gert Moltke. Sammen har de sønnen Rasmus (født 1977), samt datteren Ida (født 1980).

Referencer

Arkitekter fra Danmark

Anne-Grethe Foss


Eva Murková (* 29. Mai 1962) ist eine ehemalige slowakische Weitspringerin und Sprinterin, die für die Tschechoslowakei startete.

1983 siegte sie bei den Leichtathletik-Halleneuropameisterschaften in Budapest im Weitsprung. Bei den Leichtathletik-Weltmeisterschaften in Helsinki wurde sie in derselben Disziplin Siebte und kam mit der tschechoslowakischen Mannschaft in der 4-mal-100-Meter-Staffel auf den achten Platz.

1984 gewann sie bei den Hallen-EM in Göteborg Silber im Weitsprung und wurde Fünfte über 60 m. Bei den Hallen-EM 1985 in Piräus folgte eine weitere Silbermedaille im Weitsprung.

Viermal wurde sie tschechoslowakische Meisterin im Weitsprung (1983, 1986) und zweimal über 100 m (1983, 1985–1987). In der Halle holte sie viermal den nationalen Titel im Weitsprung (1985) und einmal über 60 m (1983, 1985, 1987, 1988).

Persönliche Bestleistungen

 50 m (Halle): 6,31 s, 26. Januar 1985, Bratislava
 60 m (Halle): 7,21 s, 9. Februar 1985, Jablonec nad Nisou
 100 m: 11,32 s, 6. Juni 1987, Banská Bystrica
 Weitsprung: 7,01 m, 26. Mai 1984, Bratislava
 Halle: 6,99 m, 2. März 1985, Piräus

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Weitspringer (Tschechoslowakei)
Sprinter (Tschechoslowakei)
Weitspringer (Slowakei)
Sprinter (Slowakei)
Universiadeteilnehmer (Tschechoslowakei)
Teilnehmer der Sommer-Universiade 1987
Tschechoslowake
Slowake
Geboren 1962
Frau

Eva Murková


The A11 is a major trunk road in England. It originally ran roughly north east from London to Norwich, Norfolk. It now consists of a short section in Inner London and a much longer section in Cambridgeshire, Suffolk and Norfolk. The lengthy section between these was renumbered as a result of the opening of the M11 in the 1970s and then the A12 extension in 1999.

It also multiplexes/overlaps with the A14 on the Newmarket bypass.

Route

City of London
All this part has been declassified and is now a minor road. Thus the A11 now starts at Aldgate, just inside the eastern boundary of the City of London. The first stretch is Whitechapel High Street, east of the junction with Mansell Street. In a complex reworking of the roads since the days of the Aldgate gyratory system, it is two-way, but the east-bound section is part of the ring-road that retained a one-way system south of this junction, but the westbound section is for local access and motorists have to U-turn to avoid entering the congestion charging zone.

Tower Hamlets
East of Aldgate station, the A11 enters the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and the East End of London. It becomes Whitechapel High Street (containing Aldgate East Underground station), again part of the Aldgate one-way system. The A11 passes through Whitechapel, past Whitechapel station and the Royal London Hospital.

It becomes Mile End Road at the eastern end of Whitechapel Road, at Mile End Gate, the former toll gate for the turnpike. It passes Stepney Green Underground station, with Stepney to the south, and continues through Mile End, passing the Mile End Underground station. Next, as it continues through Bow, it becomes Bow Road, passing Bow Road Underground station and Bow Church DLR station.

There is a dual carriageway flyover over the Bow Interchange roundabout, a junction with the A12. However at the end of the flyover, as the road crosses into the London Borough of Newham, the A11 designation disappears and it instead becomes the A118. This renumbering followed the opening of the A12 extension in 1999, to make the former A11 seem a less important road and encourage traffic to use the new dual carriageway between there and Leytonstone.

Cambridgeshire and Suffolk

The road number A11 reappears at M11 Junction 9A on the border between Essex and Cambridgeshire, and it is now a trunk road. It roughly follows the route of a Roman road for the remainder of its length.

The A11 formerly went through Newmarket; that stretch is now the A1304. The Newmarket bypass, opened to traffic in July 1975, is a dual carriageway. The western end is the A11, but most of its length is a multiplex/overlap with the A14. The A11 re-appears north-east of Newmarket, and remained a dual carriageway. The road bypasses Barton Mills before entering Norfolk in the Thetford Forest, passing the 113-foot-tall () Elveden War Memorial. This section of the road opened as a dual carriageway on 12 December 2014. This completes the dualling of the trunk road between Norwich and London.

Norfolk

The upgrading of the final section of single carriageway between Barton Mills and Thetford (opened December 2014) means the road is dual carriageway all the way to Norwich.  The road continues northeast bypassing Thetford, Attleborough and Wymondham.  The A11 originally ran through the centre of all three towns giving rise to congestion which frequently became the focus of delays on the route. It also passes the Snetterton Circuit motor racing venue. On entering Norwich, it becomes single carriageway again and is called Newmarket Road. It terminates at the St Stephens Street roundabout near the city centre.

Various sections of the A11 between the junction with the M11 in Cambridgeshire and Norwich have recently been upgraded to dual carriageway. The Roudham Heath to Attleborough section was dualled in 2003
and the Attleborough bypass was dualed in 2007.
The previously single carriageway road between Thetford and the Fiveways roundabout is now dual carriageway and opened in December 2014.

Cycling

London
Cycle Superhighway 2 (CS2) runs alongside the A11 between Aldgate and the A12 in Bow. One-way cycle tracks run along either side of the A11 through Whitechapel, Mile End, and Bow, carrying cyclists from the City to Stratford. The route runs unbroken; the route is signposted and marked using blue paint and cycle icons.

At Bow, where the A11 meets the A12, CS2 leaves the main carriageway along slip roads, and cyclists may congregate at an Advanced Stop Line - in both directions - to cross the roundabout, rejoining the main carriageway on the other side of the roundabout. East of Bow, CS2 runs along either side of the A118 to Stratford station, and cycle lanes are provided as far as Ilford.

Norwich
The Wymondham to Sprowston Pedalway runs along the A11/Newmarket Road. To the west, the Pedalway joins the A11 at Eaton. Westbound destinations include Cringleford, Hethersett, and Wymondham. Running northeast, the Pedalway is signposted along a shared-use path adjacent to the Newmarket-bound (westbound) carriageway. The route crosses the A140/Daniels Road and continues along Newmarket Road as a shared-use path. It leaves the A11 in a northerly direction at the junction with the A1056/Ipswich Road. The route runs through Norwich City Centre to Sprowston.

Completed improvements

A11 Fiveways – Thetford Improvement

Proposals to dual 14.8 km of the road between the Fiveways Roundabout at Barton Mills, bypassing Elveden to the North and joining the western end of the Thetford Bypass had been discussed for many years without any developments being made. Draft Orders together with an Environmental Statement were published in Autumn 2008. The Labour government's Secretary of State for Transport announced the scheme would be brought forward by 18 months to 2010 with an open date of 2013 in November 2008 in response to the Financial crisis of 2007–2008. Supporters expressed concern in September 2010 that the scheme would be cancelled as part of the coalition government's comprehensive spending review noting that the report from the public inquiry had not yet been signed off by the Department for Transport.

The Highways Agency has published an official map of the proposed scheme and a Google overlay map is also available. The original cost estimate was £30 million rising to £60 million in March 2007
and then to £113-£157 million by August 2008.

The project received strong support from local business groups and local government
and was expected to reduce journey times by 3 minutes off-peak and up to 25 minutes at peak times. Environmental campaign groups believed that in a time of economic downturn it would be better to invest in local public transport rather than on costly road schemes.
On 20 October 2010, the government approved the scheme, indicating that the works would continue.
The Elveden Bypass opened during Easter 2014 with one lane in use each way.  The full dual carriageway between Barton Mills and Thetford was opened on 12 December 2014 by transport secretary Patrick McLoughlin.

Former sections

City of London
Originally, the A11 started at the Bank of England in the City of London, next to Bank Underground station, and went eastwards along Cornhill and Leadenhall Street, past Aldgate Pump and along Aldgate. Hence leading to the current A11 starting point at Aldgate.

Newham
From Bow Interchange, A118 briefly becomes a dual carriageway as it crosses the valley of the River Lea. This dual carriageway section ends at Stratford town centre, and was a one-way system until 16 September 2018, the eastbound road of which, Great Eastern Road, passed Stratford station. The formerly westbound road is now two way, called Broadway and The Grove; the latter road runs north–south. The old A11 then becomes Leytonstone Road; Maryland railway station turns northwards on the corner where the name change occurs. Meanwhile, the A118 heads eastward along its route towards Ilford and Romford. The A112 also joins the one-way system, heading north–south.

Waltham Forest
North of Maryland, the old A11 crosses from the London Borough of Newham into the London Borough of Waltham Forest and becomes High Road Leytonstone, passing under the Gospel Oak to Barking Line.

Redbridge
Once past the Green Man Interchange, the former A11 route enters the London Borough of Redbridge and briefly becomes a southern extension to the A113 before turning into the A1199 (a duplicate designation, given that there is another A1199 in Islington), and is called Hollybush Hill, Woodford Road and High Road Woodford Green. It crosses over the A406 at Gates Corner (named after a Ford car showroom, which was turned into residential flats in 2006), but since the A406 was widened when the M11 was constructed there are no slip roads for interchange and the old A11 passes over the top. It merges with the A104 Woodford New Road by the Statue of Winston Churchill and becomes the A104 High Road Woodford Green. North, the road was A11 until the M11 opened in the 1970s, triggering the downgrading of the A11 between Woodford and Stump Cross (see below). Just before leaving London for Essex, the A104 becomes Epping New Road.

Essex, Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire
Shortly after entering Essex, the A11 enters Epping Forest, following the mainly straight course of the Epping New Road turnpike constructed during the second quarter of the nineteenth century, alongside the boundary between Waltham Abbey and Loughton. It then reaches the Wake Arms Roundabout and becomes the B1393. Just after leaving the forest, it crosses the M25 motorway (here lowered into a cut-and-cover tunnel), then continuing through Epping. The B1393 ends at junction 7 of the M11, and the route of the A11 goes along the A414 through the eastern suburbs of Harlow, having been rerouted slightly to the west at the end of the 1950s to avoid passing through Potter Street. The road then becomes the A1184 and goes through Sawbridgeworth: through the rest of the Essex stretch between Harlow and Stump Cross the road follows a more traditionally English course, characterised by bends of varying and sometimes uneven radii, with just one straight mile (1.6 km) (to the south of Littlebury) along the north Essex stretch.

At Thorley Wash, just south of Bishop's Stortford, the A1184 turns sharp left to become part of the Bishop's Stortford bypass, but the route of the A11 becomes the B1383 and goes through Thorley Street, Bishop's Stortford, Stansted Mountfitchet, and Quendon. It crosses the M11 and passes Audley End. The B1383 ends at 9A (Stump Cross), the end of a spur that comes off the M11 at Junction 9, near Great Chesterford. From there, the former A11 section aligns once more with the current A11.

References

External links

 Society for All British Road Enthusiasts entry for the A11
 A11 (M11 to Norwich)
 Highways Agency – A11 Strategy: Cambridge to Norwich
 GatewayA11East

Transport in the City of London
Transport in the London Borough of Newham
Transport in the London Borough of Redbridge
Transport in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Transport in the London Borough of Waltham Forest
Roads in England
Roads in Cambridgeshire
Roads in Essex
Roads in London
Transport in Norfolk
Roads in Suffolk

A11 road (England)


1. ŽNL Istarska  u sezoni 2009./10. je predstavljala prvi stupanj županijske lige u Istarskoj županiji, te ligu petog stupnja hrvatskog nogometnog prvenstva.
Sudelovalo je 14 klubova, a prvak je bio klub "Vrsar".

Sustav natjecanja
14 klubova je igralo dvokružnu ligu (26 kola).

Ljestvica

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Povezani članci
 1. ŽNL Istarska
 2. ŽNL Istarska 2009./10.
 ŽNL Ličko-senjska 2009./10.
 4. HNL – Zapad 2009./10.

Vanjske poveznice
 nszi.hr, Nogometni savez Županije Istarske

Izvori
 glasistrenovine.hr, "Glas Istre", Pregled arhive za 2009. godinu
 glasistrenovine.hr, "Glas Istre", Pregled arhive za 2010. godinu
 glasistrenovine.hr, "Glas Istre", br. 152, god. LXVII, izdano 7. lipnja 2010., str. 25. (26. kolo i ljestvica), preuzeto 27. listopada 2022.
  rsssf.org, Croatia 2009/10 / Fifth Level

2009-10
Istarska-1

1. ŽNL Istarska 2009./10.


التصويت الإلكتروني  هو التّعبير الذي يشمل عدّة أنواع مختلفة من الاقتراع، يشمل كل الوسائل الإلكترونية للتّصويت والوسائل الإلكترونية لحساب الأصوات.

تشير هذه المصطلحات إلى عملية التصويت التي يستخدم فيها الوسائل الإلكترونية لصب الأصوات ونتائج الفرز. التصويت الإلكتروني وتشمل أساليب المسح الضوئي -
 نظم التصويت مثلاً: نظم التصويت المتخصص drew أو التسجيل المباشر لنظم التصويت الإلكتروني،
 نظم التعريف ببطاقات هويات وطنية رقمية،
 الانترنت، * شبكات الحاسوب، * نظم الاتصالات الهاتفية.

مزايا التصويت الإلكتروني
له مزايا كثيرة أكثر من الطريقة التقليدية للتصويت..
بعض من هذه المزايا هي:
أقل تكلفة وأسرع في جدولة النتائج، وتحسين أمكانيه الوصول إليها، بدقة أكبر، وأقل خطورة من الأخطاء البشرية والميكانيكية..

استخداماته
يستخدم من قبل العديد من البلدان في جميع أنحاء العالم في:

من أهم مجلاته الانتخابات حيث يتم تصويت على الثقة عبر أجهزة مخصصة لذلك ولقد ساعد ذلك كثيرا في تسريع عملية فرز الأصوات، فضلا عن زيادة نسبة الإقبال بين الناخبين ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة.. مثلا استخدم في الانتخابات الرئاسية الفرنسية بيد أن العديد من البلدان امتنعت عن استخدامه لقلقهم إزاء احتمال تزوير الانتخابات نتيجة عملية التصويت الإلكتروني الواسعة النطاق..لدى دولة البحرين تجربة مع التصويت الإلكتروني.. ودار حولها اعتراضا كبيرا وقلق واسع..

أنواع التصويت الإلكتروني
 ورقة نظام التصويت الإلكتروني
هي نظام تصويت إلكتروني، ويستخدم شاشة لمس في التصويت..
من قبل الناخب وبعد الانتهاء من صب له صوتا، وحده بطباعة ألورقة للاقتراع الناخب والتي تمر إلى الموظف المسئول عن الانتخابات حتى يمكن أن تحصى في موقع مركزي. بطاقات الاقتراع وبعد ذلك عد من خلال المسح الضوئي - نظم التصويت.
وهذا النظام له ميزة ورقة اثر وكما كل شخص الأصوات المسجلة على قطعة من الورق. ومع ذلك، والثقوب التي لا يجوز أن الانحياز في لكمة ضال أو بطاقة العلامات على المسح الضوئي - بطاقة يمكن أن يؤدي إلى تصويت لا يجري العمل من قبل الإله. وعلاوة على ذلك، المادية لبطاقات الاقتراع التي ما زالت قائمة يمكن فقدت أثناء أو بعد العبور إلى مراكز عد الأصوات.
 التسجيل المباشر لأنظمه إلكترونية
هذا هو أساسا من خلال التصويت على الحاسوب..
عن طريق إدخال رقمي بطاقة الضربة الشديدة، أزرار أو لمسة الشاشة سوف تستخدم لجعل الخيارات. الأصوات المخزنة في جهاز الذاكرة الفعلية التي سيتم إرسالها إلى المحطة المركزية في التصويت. Drew العامة شبكة نظم التصويت يمكن أن ترسل النتائج بعد الانتهاء من كل الناخبين أو على دفعات طوال يوم الانتخابات. على الرغم من الأصوات التي يمكن أن ترسل عن طريق شبكة الإنترنت، وهذه تستخدم فقط لتسريع معدل العد. الذاكرة المادية ستظل الاجهزه المستخدمة للتحقق من العد.

الفائدة المرجوة من هذا النظام الانتخابي هو السرعة في النتائج التي يمكن الحصول عليها بسبب النتائج في الجدول تقريبا. كما أن هذا النظام يقلل من خطر الخطأ الميكانيكي. فيعاد التصويت من خلال الكومبيوتر، ويمكن أيضا ظهور الاقتراع التي يمكن تعديلها لتتناسب مع احتياجات الناخبين. مع الناخبين الفقراء البصر على سبيل المثال، يمكن استخدام ورقة اقتراع شكل أكبر مع النص. وهذا النظام يساعد أيضا على الحكومة توفير الأموال عن طريق إزالة الحاجة إلى طباعة بطاقات التصويت.

التصويت على شبكة الإنترنت
التصويت على شبكة الإنترنت، يمكن أن يتم مثلاً في الأماكن النائية. هذا النظام تم اختباره في تصويت الغائب في الخارج من بعض البلدان. على سبيل المثال:استونيا، استخدمت هذا النوع من التصويت الإلكتروني عن طريق توفير نظام كلمات السر للناخبين من خلال الخدمات البريدية عبر وطنية أو هوية مزودة برقاقة رقمية..

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 ديمقراطية إلكترونية تعاونية

تصويت إلكتروني
انتخابات
تصويت
تقنية
نظم تصويت

تصويت إلكتروني


Mariano Varela puede referirse a:

 Mariano Adrián Varela, ministro argentino de Relaciones Exteriores;
 Juan Mariano Varela, futbolista mexicano; o
 Mariano Varela, empresario, comunicador social y escritor argentino.

Mariano Varela


Psihološko oružje, posebna vrsta oružja. Praktično je u specijalnom ratu, dijelu psihološkog rata. Korijeni su duboko u prošlosti, ali ga se smatra oružjem modernog vremena. Mirnodopski sastava suvremenih svjetskih vojskâ imaju snage za psihološko propagandno djelovanje, u čemu prednjači SAD. Njemačka ima oko 3000 ljudi za psihološko-propagandna djelovanja. Osobine psihološkog oružja su:
 oružje je "duha", koje djeluje izravno na psihu, a ne pogađa (izravno ne, posredno da preko indoktrinirane osobe) tijelo
 ima od svih oružja najveći doseg, ne poznaje ni granice ni frontove;
 djeluje bez odmora i njegova uporaba ne traži prijekid
 ne ubija (izravno ne, posredno da preko indoktrinirane osobe), ono uvjerava
 pridobiva neprijatelje i hrani moral vlastite zemlje i stoga istovremeno osvaja i brani
 služi i za hladni i za "vrući" rat, te je oružje za sva razdoblja;
 djeluje u globalnom obliku te obuhvaća u svoj svojoj jakosti i neprijateljsko bojište i vlastito zaleđe u isto vrijeme
Koliko će biti uspješno, u mnogome ovisi o njegovom utjecaju na javno mišljenje koje konačno oblikuje i nadahnjuje.

Izvori

Oružje
Psihologija

Psihološko oružje


بلدية فيلاسكوزا لا سومبرايا , هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة برغش, التي تقع في منطقة قشتالة وليون, والتي تقع في شمال غرب إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 62 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2002).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة برغش
بلديات برغش

فيلاسكوزا لا سومبرايا


Le ru des Haras, ru d'Arras ou ru d'Arra est un ruisseau des départements du Val-d'Oise et de Seine-Saint-Denis  en région Île-de-France, ayant sa source à la fontaine des Haras à Montmorency (Val-d'Oise) et qui rejoignait le ru d'Enghien à Épinay-sur-Seine à l'emplacement de l'actuelle rue de l'étang.

Géographie
Le ru des Haras prend sa source à la Fontaine des Haras à Montmorency alimentée par la nappe des sables de la forêt de Montmorency, passe sous le chemin des haras, s'écoule au milieu de l'espace compris entre deux sentiers, la sente des haras, le sentier des haras allant au Savat et le chemin des Montries où s'étendent des prairies et des jardins  familiaux, puis débouche sur un bassin de rétention à Groslay. Le ruisseau traverse Groslay en majorité en souterrain en passant à l'emplacement d'un ancien lavoir matérialisé par un  abri, ressort dans un deuxième bassin de rétention à la limite de Groslay et de Montmagny, revient en souterrain jusqu'à un troisième bassin en aval de la rue de la Jonction à Montmagny. Le ruisseau traverse ensuite à l'air libre des jardins ouvriers où il forme la limite communale de Montmagny et de Villetaneuse puis rejoint le réseau souterrain des eaux pluviales qui débouche sur la Seine à Épinay-sur-Seine.
Au total, le ru s'écoule dans des buses souterraines sur 72 % de son parcours.

En dehors des périodes de grandes pluies où les 3 bassins limitent les inondations, le ruisseau se limite ordinairement dans ses parties découvertes à un mince filet d'eau pollué et parfois obstrué de déchets à travers des terrains privés.
Un aménagement du ru est à l'étude par l'Établissement public d'aménagement de la Plaine de France
.

Annexes

Galerie

Notes et références

Sous-affluent de la Seine
Cours d'eau dans le Val-d'Oise

Ru des Haras


Die Saison 1932/33 war die siebte reguläre Saison der Canadian-American Hockey League (CAHL). Meister wurden die Boston Cubs.

Teamänderungen
Folgende Änderungen wurden vor Beginn der Saison vorgenommen:
 Die Bronx Tigers stellten den Spielbetrieb ein.
 Die Castors de Québec kehrten nach vierjähriger Abwesenheit in die Liga zurück.

Modus
In der Regulären Saison sollten die sechs Mannschaften jeweils 48 Spiele absolvieren, jedoch zogen sich die Springfield Indians bereits nach 13 Partien vom Spielbetrieb zurück. Die drei bestplatzierten Mannschaften qualifizierten sich für die Playoffs. Für das Weiterkommen im Halbfinale waren die erzielten Tore entscheidend, im Finale in der Best-of-Five-Serie die Anzahl der Siege. Für einen Sieg erhielt jede Mannschaft zwei Punkte, bei einem Unentschieden einen Punkt und bei einer Niederlage null Punkte.

Reguläre Saison

Tabelle
Abkürzungen: GP = Spiele, W = Siege, L = Niederlagen, T = Unentschieden, GF = Erzielte Tore, GA = Gegentore, Pts = Punkte

Playoffs

Weblinks
 Die Spielzeit bei hockeydb.com

1932
Eishockeysaison 1932/33

CAHL 1932/33


Short Bus es el primer álbum de estudio del grupo estadounidense de metal industrial Filter, lanzado en 1995.

Lista de canciones

Posición en listas

Álbum

Sencillos

Créditos

 Richard Patrick – Productor
 Brian Liesegang – Productor
 Scott Kern – Voz
 Matt Drvenkar – Voz
 Kevin Hanley – Guitarra
 Mike Peffer – Batería
 Ben Grosse – Mezcla
 Deborah Norcross – Diseño
 Chris Beirne – Fotografía

Véase también
 Filter

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página web de Extreme

Álbumes debut de 1995
Álbumes de Estados Unidos de 1995
Álbumes de Filter
Álbumes de post-grunge
Álbumes en inglés

Short Bus (álbum)


Weinek ist ein Einschlagkrater im Osten der Mondvorderseite, südlich des Mare Nectaris, nordöstlich des Mondkraters Piccolomini und nordwestlich des Kraters Neander.

Der Kraterrand ist mäßig erodiert, das Innere weitgehend eben. Der Krater wurde 1935 von der IAU nach dem österreichisch-ungarischen Astronomen Ladislaus Weinek offiziell benannt.

Weblinks

 Weinek auf The-Moon Wiki

Einzelnachweise

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

Weinek (Mondkrater)


Izbushensky () est une localité rurale (khutor) dans la colonie rurale d'Oust-Khopyorskoye, district de Serafimovichsky, dans l'oblast de Volgograd, en Russie. La population est de 14 habitants en 2010.

Géographie
Izbushensky est situé à 42 km au sud-ouest de Serafimovich (le centre administratif du district) par la route. Rybny est la localité rurale la plus proche.

Notes et références

Voir aussi
 Bataille d'Izbushensky

Ville dans l'oblast de Volgograd

Izbushensky


بي سي لينكس أو إس هي توزيعة لينكس مبنية على ماندريفا لينكس ومطورها الأصلي كان عضوا في مجتمع ماندريفا لكنه قرر إنشاء توزيعته الخاصة والتي نالت شهرة كبيرة فيما بعد. تعتمد التوزيعة على نظام التحزيم آر بي أم. وتستخدم مدير الحزم سينابتك.

تاريخ الاصدارات

مراجع

توزيعات لينكس
توزيعات لينكس المعتمدة على آر بي إم
توزيعات لينكس ذات الإصدارة المتدحرجة
قرص حي
كدي
ماندريفا لينكس
يو إس بي لايف

بي سي لينكس أو إس


Isabela Figueiredo (Maputo,  1963 ) est une journaliste, enseignante et écrivaine portugaise.

Biographie
Isabela Figueiredo est née à Lourenço Marques (actuel Maputo), au Mozambique portugais. Elle arrive au Portugal en 1975, au moment de l'indépendance du Mozambique, en tant que rapatriée. Elle habite chez sa grand-mère, étant séparée de ses parents, qui sont restés au Mozambique pendant 10 ans.

Isabela Figueiredo est titulaire d'un diplôme en langues et littérature lusophones de l'université nouvelle de Lisbonne et d'une spécialisation en études de genre de l'université Aberta de Lisbonne. Elle enseigne le portugais.

Elle publie ses premiers textes en 1983 dans DN Jovem, un supplément aujourd'hui disparu du Diário de Notícias.

En 1988, elle remporte son premier prix à la Mostra Portuguesa de Artes e Ideias (Exposition portugaise des Arts et des Idées) avec l'ouvrage Conto é Como Quem Diz (Le conte est pour ainsi dire), publié sous le nom d'Isabel Almeida Santos.

Isabela Figueiredo a travaillé comme journaliste au Diário de Notícias entre 1989 et 1994 et également comme professeure de lycée sur la rive sud de Lisbonne entre 1985 et 2014.

En 2009, elle publie l'ouvrage autobiographique Carnet de mémoires coloniales, qui a été élu en 2010 comme l'une des œuvres les plus pertinentes de la décennie par l'écrivaine Maria da Conceição Caleiro et l'essayiste Gustavo Rubim dans le spécial publié par le magazine culturel Ípsilon (supplément artistique au journal Público).

Toujours en 2010, elle a reçu le prix du meilleur livre de l'année avec Carnet de mémoires coloniales. Son roman La Grosse (A Gorda, 2016) a été considéré comme l'un des dix meilleurs livres de 2016 par le magazine en ligne Espalha-Factos et a remporté le prix littéraire Urbano Tavares Rodrigues 2017.

Son travail est axé sur le corps, la sensualité et la dénonciation du racisme et du colonialisme.

Publications

  traduit du portugais par Nathalie Meyroune et Myriam Benarroch.

  traduit du portugais par João Viegas.

Prix

 1988 - Prix de l'exposition portugaise des arts et des idées
 2010 - Prix Monstro do Ano (monstre de l'année) pour le meilleur livre, par Angelus Novus
 2017 - Prix littéraire Urbano Tavares Rodrigues
 2021 - Nominée pour le prix Femina étranger
 2022 - Prix des Lecteurs du 35e festival des Littératures européennes de Cognac (LEC) pour son récit biographique Carnet de mémoires coloniales (Chandeigne 2021).

Notes et références

Liens externes

Journaliste portugais du XXe siècle
Journaliste portugais du XXIe siècle
Lauréat de prix littéraire
Professeur portugais
Écrivain portugais du XXe siècle
Écrivain portugais du XXIe siècle
Naissance en 1963
Naissance à Maputo

Isabela Figueiredo


Aygıt sürücüsü veya diğer adıyla donanım sürücüsü, işletim sistemlerinde korumalı mod mimarisinde uygulamaların işletim sisteminden bağımsız olarak donanıma erişiminin kısıtlandığı durumlarda donanımla veya işletim sistemi çekirdeği ile haberleşebilmek maksadı ile yazılan kodlardır. Sık ve yaygın olarak, sadece "sürücü" de denir.

Bir aygıt sürücüsü, işletim sisteminin bir parçası olabileceği gibi, işletim sisteminden bağımsız olarak hazırlanmış, tamamlayıcı bir bileşen olarak da kullanılabilir. Aygıt sürücüleri genellikle donanımı üreten şirketlerce yazılmaktadır ve donanım ile birlikte verilmektedirler. Her işletim sistemi için aygıt sürücüleri yazılır.

Aygıt sürücüsü


O governo Sunila II corresponde ao período da história política finlandesa que se inicia com a posse de Juho Sunila como primeiro-ministro, em 21 de março de 1931. Foi formado por uma coalização entre a Liga Agrária, o Partido da Coligação Nacional, o Partido Progressista Nacional e o Partido Popular Sueco, com base nos resultados das eleições parlamentares de 1930 e durou 635 dias, tendo seu fim em 14 de dezembro de 1932.

O resultado da eleição presidencial, que elegeu o ex-primeiro-ministro Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, foi inicialmente interpretado como sendo uma vitória do movimento de extrema-direita Lapua. No entanto, Svinhufvud recusou a dialogar com uma delegação do movimento e negociou a composição do governo apenas com grupos parlamentares.

O mandato de Sunila foi marcado por um período de recessão global, que se refletiu na vida de agricultores, proprietários de terra e trabalhadores rurais. O governo procurou contornar a situação com acordos e empréstimos financeiros. Ao mesmo tempo, as taxas de juros foram endurecidas para inibir os abusos cometidos por bancos e credores privados. Em dezembro de 1932, o governo entrou em colapso após a regulamentação das taxas de juros dos agricultores endividados. O primeiro-ministro apresentou uma proposta ao Parlamento, apoiada pela aliança camponesa. Contudo, mesmo assim, o governo renunciou. Até então, era o governo mais longevo da Finlândia.

Neste período, a Finlândia ganhou reputação com os Estados Unidos por pagar o empréstimo que tomou após a Primeira Guerra Mundial. Embora o pagamento da dívida não trouxesse nenhum benefício imediato para o próprio país, que sofria de falta de capital e era fracamente industrializado, foi útil em acordos de crédito subsequentes e especialmente no período de reconstrução após a Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Composição
O governo Sunila II foi composto pelos seguintes ministros:

Bibliografia

Sunila II

Governo Sunila II


La Mobilité universitaire en Asie-Pacifique (UMAP) est une association régionale volontaire de représentants gouvernementaux, non gouvernementaux et/ou universitaires du secteur de l'enseignement supérieur créée en 1993 pour renforcer la coopération et l'échange de personnes et d'expertise grâce à une mobilité accrue des les étudiants et le personnel de l'enseignement supérieur. L'UMAP a été approuvée par la Coopération économique pour l'Asie-Pacifique et les pays membres mettent en œuvre des projets UMAP.

Membres
L'adhésion est ouverte aux pays/territoires de la région Asie-Pacifique. Les membres peuvent être représentés par le gouvernement, le ministère ou le ministre de l'Éducation, une université individuelle ou une organisation faîtière universitaire. Cependant, les personnes physiques ne peuvent pas devenir membres.

Entre 2011 et 2015, l'emplacement du Secrétariat international a été transféré à l'Université catholique Fu Jen à Taïwan, puis à l'Université Toyo au Japon en 2016. Cependant, le Secrétariat national de l'UMAP de Taïwan est toujours à Fu Jen.

Gouvernance et budget
L'autorité dirigeante est le conseil d'administration de l'UMAP. Le conseil d'administration est composé de représentants de chacun des membres effectifs de l'UMAP. Chacun des membres effectifs dispose d'un droit de vote, mais le secrétaire général du conseil d'administration ne peut pas voter.

Le budget annuel est préparé en dollars américains et les membres de l'UMAP doivent verser une contribution en fonction du budget. Les membres peuvent faire une contribution volontaire supplémentaire. Ces contributions peuvent prendre la forme de financement, d'installations ou de ressources.

Système de transfert de crédits UMAP (UCTS)
L'UMAP a développé un système pilote de transfert de crédits UMAP (UCTS) pour faciliter une plus grande mobilité des étudiants dans la région en fournissant un cadre pour l'établissement d'accords de transfert de crédits. L'objectif de l'UCTS est d'assurer un transfert de crédits efficace pour les étudiants qui entreprennent un programme d'échange dans des universités des pays/territoires UMAP.

Notes et références

Voir également
 Erasmus
 Erasmus Mundus
 Programme d'échange

Liens externes

 UMAP, Department of Education, Science and Training (Australia)

Échanges universitaires
Fondation en 1993
Réseau universitaire


ඒලිත් වයිට්ෆර්ඩ් (උපත 24 අප්‍රේල් 1969) යනු,   බන්ෆ් ඇන්ඩ් බොහන් සඳහා ස්කොට්ලන්ත ජාතික පක්ෂය (එස්එන්පී) පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීවරයා (පාම) වෙයි.

1969 උපත්

ඒලිත් වයිට්ෆර්ඩ්


Newfane is a town in Niagara County, New York, United States.  The population was 9,666 at the 2010 census.

The Town of Newfane  is in the north-central part of the county, north of the City of Lockport.

History
The Town of Newfane was established in 1824 by Wesley R. Rupert and others. The Newfane name was selected by early settlers who had roots in Newfane, Vermont.  The town was created from portions of the Towns of Hartland, Somerset, and Wilson. The first town meeting was held at the Van Horn Mansion in 1824. The Newfane township consists of six hamlets; Appleton, Burt, the Newfane village, Olcott, Ridgewood and the northern portion of Wright's Corners.  The Newfane village was once named "Charlotteville," but renamed Newfane, and Olcott was named Kempville in early times.

Its school district includes an early childhood center, an elementary school, a middle school, and one high school. The school's mascot is a panther.

In Olcott, there is a monument with a handful of names of soldiers who fought for the Union cause in the American Civil War. In total, 252 Union soldiers came from Newfane, of whom about 55 died during service. Olcott is also home to an original Herschell Carousel.  The Carousel was built in 1928 and recently celebrated its 80th anniversary.

The town has two properties on the National Register of Historic Places: the First Baptist Church and the Van Horn Mansion.

Notable people
Steve Geltz, Tampa Bay Rays pitcher
Tom Jolls, TV weatherman and children's show host
Del Mason, former MLB player
Burt Van Horn, former US Congressman
John Beilein, professional basketball coach and college coach at the University of Michigan.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 53.5 square miles (138.5 km2), of which 51.8 square miles (134.3 km2)  is land and 1.6 square miles (4.2 km2)  (3.05%) is water.
It also includes Wright's Corners.
Newfane's northern border is Lake Ontario. The town's south border is shared with  the Town of Lockport.

Adjacent cities and towns
Town of Lockport - south
City of Lockport - south
Town of Wilson - west
Town of Somerset - east
Town of Hartland - east
Lake Ontario - north

Major highways in the Town of Newfane
 New York State Route 18 (Lake Rd.), east-west highway across the north part of town roughly paralleling Lake Ontario.
 New York State Route 78 (Lockport-Olcott Rd.), north-south roadway through the town from the Lockport town line to its northern terminus at Lake Rd. (NY 18) in Olcott, NY.
 New York State Route 104 (Ridge Rd.), east-west roadway through the town from the Cambria town line to the Hartland town line. (Runs concurrently with NY 78 a short distance in Wrights Corners.)

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 9,657 people, 3,597 households, and 2,633 families residing in the town.  The population density was .  There were 3,854 housing units at an average density of .  The racial makeup of the town was 90.76% White, 7.15% Black or African American, 0.54% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.51% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.98% of the population.

There were 3,597 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families. 21.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $41,438, and the median income for a family was $50,095. Males had a median income of $38,037 versus $25,279 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,311.  About 5.2% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.9% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Newfane
Appleton – A hamlet in the northeast part of Newfane.
Burt – A hamlet south of Olcott on Route 78, named after Burt van Horn, an early settler in the region.
Corwin – A hamlet between Newfane and Wrights Corners on Route 78.
Eighteen Mile Creek – A stream flowing northward through the town to Lake Ontario.
Hess Road – A location on the east border of the town, east of Newfane.
Ridgewood – A hamlet southeast of Newfane on Route 104 (Ridge Road).
Newfane – The hamlet of Newfane is on Route 78, centrally located in the town and on the east bank of Eighteen Mile Creek.
Olcott – A hamlet with a  small boat harbor on Lake Ontario.
Olcott-Newfane Airport (D80) – A small general aviation airport on the west side of Eighteen Mile Creek and southwest of Olcott.
Woodland Heights – a lakeside hamlet on Lake Ontario.
Wrights Corners – A hamlet on the south town line, partly in the Town of Lockport.  The community is located by the fork in Routes 78 and 104. It extends to Wicks Road.

References

External links

 Town of Newfane administrative webpage
 The Town of Newfane Historical Society

Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area
Towns in Niagara County, New York
Towns in New York (state)

Newfane, New York


Les série 700 (n°701 à 774) sont des locomotives à vapeur de disposition 120 des Nederlandse Spoorwegen conçues pour les trains de voyageurs rapides. Mises en service de 1865 à 1873 par les Staatsspoorwegen (74 exemplaires), la Société Anonyme du Chemin de Fer International de Malines à Terneuzen (deux) et la  (cinq), elles disparaissent entre les années 1920 et 1930.

Histoire
Vers 1865, le réseau des Staatsspoorwegen (SS) est en pleine expansion avec l'ouverture des lignes  Arnhem – Deventer, Zutphen – Glanerbrug, Maastricht – Venlo et Almelo – Hengelo, créant le besoin de nouvelles locomotives pour trains de voyageurs, commandées à la firme anglaise Beyer-Peacock. Inspirées pour bonne par des locomotives , les premières sont numérotées 9-16 et 21-78 ; les numéros 17 à 20 étant alors réservés à cinq locomotives de disposition 030 (future série 2900).

En 1871, les 030 pour marchandises sont renumérotées 161-164 pour former à la fois un bloc homogène avec les autres locomotives de cette série (commençant avec le n°165) et donner leurs numéros d'origine (17-20) à quatre nouvelles machines, lesquelles sont à mi-chemin entre la série 9-16 / 21-78 et les locomotives plus anciennes de la série 5-8 (d'où un timbre de chaudière limité à ).

En 1872, une dernière commande est passé par la compagnie étatique avec quatre locomotives numérotées 1-4. Deux autres étaient en commande mais seront achetées à la place par le Chemin de Fer International de Malines à Terneuzen (numérotées MT 2 et 3).

La même année, sont livrés les premiers exemplaires de la série 101-150 : de nouvelles machines de disposition 120, mais à cylindres extérieurs. L'arrivée de ces locomotives puis de modèles ultérieurs plus puissants relègue progressivement les 1-4 / 9-78 à des services de seconde zone. Rejointes par une seule locomotive ex-NBDS, elles sont renumérotées 701-775 (par ordre d'ancienneté) en 1921 (matricules NS). Leur mise hors-service a lieu de 1930 à 1933.

MT
La Société Anonyme du Chemin de Fer International de Malines à Terneuzen parvient à négocier avec les Staatsspoorwegen le rachat de deux locomotives qui devaient s'ajouter à la série 1-4 de 1872. Entrées en service en 1872, les 2-3 de cette société belgo-hollandaise échappent à la Première Guerre mondiale et sont finalement radiées en 1932.

NBDS
La  (Société du chemin de fer du Nord-Brabant allemand) qui exploite la ligne Boxtel - Wesel commande en 1873 dix locomotives identiques à celles de l'État qui sont numérotées 1-5 ; les cinq restantes n'étant finalement pas achetées et seront récupérées par la compagnie prussienne du Berlin-Potsdam-Magdeburger Eisenbahn. Comme le trafic de cette ligne internationale végétait en raison du conflit, la NBDS décida de revendre ses cinq locomotives : les 1 et 3 étant achetées en 1917 par les Staatsmijnen tandis que la Compagnie du chemin de fer de Gand à Terneuzen manifesta son intérêt pour les 3 autres. Le prix demandé étant jugé trop élevé, le NBDS trouve finalement preneur chez un entrepreneur pour les 2 et 4 tandis que la 5 reste à l'inventaire et est finalement intégrée au parc des Staatsspoorwegen (sans devoir changer de matricule) lorsque ces derniers reprennent le réseau de la compagnie en 1919. En 1921, la 5 est renumérotée 775.

Staatsmijnen

L'administration d'État exploitant les mines de charbon du Limbourg fait l'acquisition en 1917 des n°1 et 3 du NBDS qu'il renumérote SM 8 et 9. Utilisées sur des trains de charbon, elles sont remplacées par des locomotives plus adaptées et retirées du service respectivement en 1926 et 1928.

Préservation
La locomotive n°705, radiée des effectifs en 1932, est conservée pour le musée des chemins de fer, ce qui en fait la plus ancienne locomotive à vapeur encore existante aux Pays-Bas. Datant de 1865, elle a la particularité d'être attelée avec le tender de la locomotive n°8, de 1864.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Bibliographie

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 NS série 1300 (vapeur)
 NS série 1700 (vapeur)
 NS série 2000 (vapeur)
 NS série 2900 (vapeur)
 NS série 3700

Liens externes

Locomotive à vapeur des Pays-Bas
Matériel roulant des NS

NS série 700 (vapeur)


Die Feuerwehr in Osttimor (, ) wurde am 23. April 2000 gegründet. Ihr Hauptquartier in Caicoli (Dili) befindet sich beim Zivilschutz, dem die Feuerwehr unterstellt ist. Oberster Kommandant ist Cláudio Silva.

Bisher gibt es nur in elf der 14 Gemeinden Osttimors Feuerwehreinheiten (Stand 2012), unter anderem in den Gemeindehauptstädten Aileu, Baucau, Maliana und Pante Macassar. 2012 sollten 23 Feuerwehrmänner die erste Feuerwehreinheit in der Gemeinde Cova Lima gründen. 2013 folgte Viqueque, 2017 gab es auch in Manufahi eine Feuerwehr und 2022 wurden die ersten 60 Feuerwehrleute in die Gemeinden Liquiçá, Manatuto und Ermera entsandt. In Liquiçá und Ermera hatte es 2019 den bisher schlimmsten Waldbrand in der Geschichte des Landes gegeben, weswegen die Feuerwehr für solche Fälle weiter aufgerüstet werden soll.

Weblinks

 Bilder vom 12. Jubiläum der Feuerwehr in Osttimor (Tetum)
 Facebook-Auftritt der Feuerwehr

Einzelnachweise

Organisation der Feuerwehr
Organisation (Osttimor)
Gegründet 2000

Feuerwehr in Osttimor


O Barco é um filme de drama brasileiro de 2020 dirigido por Petrus Cariry a partir de um roteiro do diretor, Rosemberg Cariry e Firmino Holanda. Trata-se de uma adaptação do conto homônimo escrito por Carlos Emílio Corrêa Lima. O filme conta a trajetória de uma mulher mãe de 26 filhos que vive em uma pacata vila de pescadores mas que tudo se transforma com a chegada de uma mulher misteriosa e um barco naufragado.

Sinopse
Esmerina (Verônica Cavalcanti) é uma mulher que vive em uma comunidade de pescadores no Ceará e tem 26 filhos, cada um deles possui um nome com uma letra do alfabeto.  Ela é capaz de decifrar o futuro a partir deles e prevê a chega de um barco misterioso na comunidade e de uma mulher pelas águas. O destino dessa comunidade é transformado por causa desses acontecimentos.

Elenco

 Verônica Cavalcanti como Esmerinda (a mãe)
 Rômulo Braga como Letra A
 Samya de Lavor como Ana
 Nenego Lira como Pedro
 Everaldo Pontes como Homem Cego

Produção
O conto O Barco, de Carlos Emílio Corrêa Lima, foi adaptado para o formato cinematográfico pelo próprio diretor do filme em parceria com Rosemberg Cariry e Firmino Holanda. Bárbara Cariry assina a produção executiva do filme enquanto que Teta Maia é responsável pela direção de produção. João Victor Barroso é o compositor da trilha sonora original.

As gravações ocorreram ao longo de quatro semanas na Praia das Fontes, no Ceará, que possui paisagens paradisíacas. A produção é da companhia Iluminura Filmes, que reúne, em sua maioria, profissionais do próprio estado do Ceará. Petrus Cariry, além de ser responsável pela direção, roteiro e montagem, também comanda a direção de fotografia do filme.

Lançamento
A estreia do filme ocorreu em 2018 quando foi exibido no Cine Ceará, onde foi selecionado para a mostra competitiva oficial e foi premiado em diversas categorias. Em seguida o filme percorreu o circuito de festivais sendo selecionado para mais de 20 eventos, nacionais e internacionais. Participou da seleção do Oldenburg International Film Festival, na Alemanha, Rengo International Film Festival, no Chile, Trieste Festival of Latin-American Cinema, Itália, e muitos outros. Somente chegou ao circuito comercial de salas de cinema em 5 de novembro de 2021 com distribuição pela Sereia Distribuidora.

Recepção

Crítica
O filme foi recebido com críticas positivas por parte dos críticos especializados. Escrevendo para o website Plano Aberto, Matheus Fiore classificou o filme com 4 de 5 estrelas e disse que "O Barco se apresenta como uma obra que contempla a complexidade do mundo apresentado, sem nunca ter pressa ou até mesmo interesse em esmiuçar cada uma de suas camadas. É um filme que constrói certo magnetismo na relação de seus personagens com o mar, de forma que eles não conseguem se afastar dele, mas também não possuem as ferramentas intelectuais de explorá-lo." Denis Le Senechal Klimiuc escrevendo em Cinema com Rapadura disse que "tendo o Letra A como guia de quem acompanha a obra, com certeza a impressão deixada é de que este é um filme ímpar, que conversa com a solidão como O Farol o fez, mas que traz uma leitura aberta para que o espectador atribua à sua experiência sua própria bagagem, o que enriquece ainda mais a produção deste filme, que foi feito para ser merecidamente memorável." Ele ainda atribuiu nota máxima ao filme em sua resenha.

Bruno Carmelo, para o website AdoroCinema, atribuiu ao filme 3,5 de 5 estrelas, o que o classifica como "Bom".  Ele escreveu que "a pluralidade de elementos nem sempre se completa bem: muitos personagens não interagem uns com os outros, existindo em núcleos isolados. A mãe Esmerina (Verônica Cavalcanti) sabe da existência de Ana? Outras pessoas, além dos membros da família principal, interagem com o cego (Everaldo Pontes)? Pela imersão num território psicológico, mais do que propriamente social, a narrativa foge à impressão de coletividade, evitando representar os espaços para além do mar, da areia, do casebre."

Prêmios e indicações

Ligações externas

Filmes do Brasil de 2020
Filmes de drama do Brasil
Filmes de drama da década de 2020
Filmes gravados no Ceará
Filmes em língua portuguesa

O Barco (2020)


Bayard est une ville américaine située dans le Comté de Morrill, au Nebraska. Selon le recensement de 2010, sa population est de  habitants.

Liens externes

Ville dans le Nebraska
Comté de Morrill

Bayard (Nebraska)


Novovorontsovka (, ) est une commune urbaine de l'oblast de Kherson, en Ukraine. Elle compte  en 2021.

Géographie

Novovorontsovka est baignée par le réservoir de Kakhovka et se trouve sur la rive droite du Dniepr, dans le nord de l'oblast de Kherson.

Novovorontsovka est située à  à l'ouest-sud-ouest de Nikopol, à  au sud-est de Kryvyi Rih, à  au nord-est de Kherson, à  au sud-ouest de Dnipro et à  au sud-est de Kiev

Histoire
Le village a été fondé en 1795 sous le nom de Nykolaevka (en ukrainien Николаевка). En 1798, le village comptait 524 habitants, dont 317 hommes et 207 femmes. En 1821, il devint la propriété du prince Mikhaïl Semionovitch Vorontsov, ce qui fut le point de départ du développement ultérieur du village. En 1829, le village reçut son nom actuel d'après le nom du prince Vorontsov. En 1886, il comptait  habitants. À la fin des années 1940, une partie du village dut être déplacée en raison de la construction du barrage de Kakhovka, qui l'a submergé.

Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le , le village fut occupé par les forces allemandes. Il fut libéré le , par des unités de la  division de fusiliers motorisée de la Garde de l'Armée rouge.

Novovorontsovka reçut le statut de commune urbaine en 1956.

Jusqu'au 18 juillet 2020, Novovorontsovka était le centre administratif du raïon de Novovorontsovka. Le raïon a été supprimé en juillet 2020 dans le cadre de la réforme administrative de l'Ukraine, qui a réduit à cinq le nombre de raïons de l'oblast de Kherson. Le raïon de Novovorontsovka et le raïon de Beryslav ont formé dans le nouveau raïon de Beryslav.

La ville a été temporairement occupée par les forces russes lors de invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie en 2022.

Population
Recensements ou estimations de la population :

Références

Commune urbaine dans l'oblast de Kherson

Novovorontsovka


Liga Nogometnog podsaveza Gospić u sezoni 1963./64. je bila liga 4. ranga nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije.  Sudjelovalo je 7 klubova, a prvak je bio "Udarnik" iz Perušića.

Ljestvica

 Titova Korenica – tadašnji naziv za Korenicu

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Poveznice
 Dalmatinska nogometna zona 1963./64.
 Prvenstvo Splitskog nogometnog podsaveza 1963./64.

Izvori

Pavao Murgić: 80 godina nogometa u Perušiću : Hrvatski športski klub "Klisa" : 1926. – 1946. : Nogometni klub "Udarnik" : 1946. – 1992., Perušić / Gospić, 2008., , str. 54-77

1963-64 Gosšić
Gospić
1963-64 Gospić

Liga Nogometnog podsaveza Gospić 1963./64.


Dana White punim imenom Dana Frederic White Jr. rođen je 28. srpnja 1969. u  Mancherster, Connecticut u SAD-u.
Irskog je podrijetla. Dana i njegova sestra Kathy odrastali su u krugu majčine obitelji.

Dana je američki poduzetnik, trenutno je na poziciji Predsjednika UFC-a, kojeg je zajedno sa svojim školskim prijateljem  Lorenzom Ferttitom pretvorio u najveću borilačku organizaciju u svijetu slobodne borbe.

Rani život
U mladosti se počeo baviti boksom te je s 19. god. odlučio da želi biti dio "borilačkog svijeta".
U međuvremenu je boksao, trenirao ali i vodio karijere ponekih boraca, Tito Ortiza i Chuck Lidela, koji su kasnije postali prvaci UFC-a.
Početkom 90-ih posjeduje teretanu u Bostonu, međutim nakon 5, 6 godina na "vrata mu kuca" Irska mafija tražeći od njega 21000$ kojih on nije tada imao, zbog čega sjeda na avion i leti za Las Vegas.
Kad je Dana saznao da je tadašnji UFC pri bankrotu nazvao je svog školskog prijatelja  Lorenza Fertittu i nagovorio ga da kupe UFC za 2 000 000 $, te su od njega napravili najveću kompaniju u svijetu slobodne borbe.

Poslovna karijera
Dana postaje poznat Hrvatskoj javnosti nakon potpisivanja proslavljenog borca "Mirka Cro Cop Filipovića" 2006. god. nakon njegovog osvajanja Open Grand Prix-a u Pride-u.
Dana White je tokom svog dosadašnjeg predsjedanjem UFC-om s nekim borcima ostvario "prijateljski odnos" kao što su Michael Bisping, i Conor McGregor, dok s nekima baš i ne, kao što je slučaj s teškašem Roy Nelsonom kojeg je kritizirao zbog njegove debljine.
Dana je poznat po svom osebujnom pristupu prema "sedmoj sili" i energiji koju ulaže u promociju MMA, odnosno UFC-a, zbog čega je MMA proglašen najbrže rastućim sportom na svijetu u posljednje vrijeme.
2010. proglašen je čovjekom godine od strane magazina "Fighters Only".

                                                                                UFC ima financijskih problema? Zato proširujem svoj ured!
                                                                                -Dana White

Mega borbe
U ljeto 2017, ulazi u svijet boksa kao promotor Conora McGregora. U tom meču Conor je izgubio od -a. Dana je kasnije tu borbu nazvao najvećom borbom u povijesti. Whiteovim ulaskom u "boksačke vode" počele su kružiti priče kako je UFC u financijskim problemima, što je Dana oštro opovrgnuo.
Za vrijeme UFC-a 220, na kojem je naočigled svih navijao za izazivača teške kategorije Francis Ngannoua, iako je prvak Stipe Miocic imao priliku postati najveći teškaš UFC-a (što je na kraju i ostvario), Dana je svojim tepanjem francuskom izazivaču kamerunskog podrijetla samo potvrdio da UFC zanimaju samo mega borbe i atraktivni prvaci.

                                                                                Dana White je govno, treba mu boks da bi se spasio!
                                                                                -Bob Arum

Donacije
Iako Dana White ponekad ostavlja dojam tipa koji mari samo za novac, neka njegova djela ne idu u prilog tome.
Naime Dana je spasio život malenoj djevojčici s Tajlanda kojoj je hitno trebala transplantacija zbog rijetke bolesti jetre. Dana White spasio je djevojčici život isplaćivanjem 50 000 $. Preko borca Mikea Swicka je tijekom godina dobivao informacije o zdravstvenom stanju malene heroine. UFC-ov predsjednik je i posjetio djevojčicu na Tajlandu, gdje su mu njezini roditelji praktički podigli spomenik iz zahvalnosti zbog njegovog dobrog djela.

Izvori
Dana White Biography

Jimmy Kimmel Live

Dana White on Profightstore

[http://www.fightsite.hr/ Dana White on Fightsite

Dana White


Sildefangst og silderøgning paa Bornholm er en film instrueret af Petr Wied.

Handling
Bådene går ud for at sætte sildegarn - Garnene sættes på fiskerpladsen - Garnene røgtes lidt før solopgang og bringes i havn - Garnene plukkes - Sildene vejes, fyldes i kasser og køres til røgeriet - Sildene renses og hænges til tørring på stokke - Røgning - Pakning i kasser - Smørrebrød med ægte "Bornholmer".

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1941
Kultur på Bornholm
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark


The Isetta is an Italian-designed microcar built under license in a number of different countries, including Argentina, Spain, Belgium, France, Brazil, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Because of its egg shape and bubble-like windows, it became known as a bubble car, a name also given to other similar vehicles.

In 1955, the BMW Isetta became the world's first mass-production car to achieve a fuel consumption of . It was the top-selling single-cylinder car in the world, with 161,728 units sold.

Initially manufactured by the Italian firm Iso SpA, the name Isetta is the Italian diminutive form of Iso, meaning "little Iso".

Iso Isetta (Italy)

The car originated with the Italian firm of Iso SpA. In the early 1950s the company was building refrigerators, motor scooters and small three-wheeled trucks. Iso's owner, Renzo Rivolta, decided to build a small car for mass distribution. By 1952 the engineers Ermenegildo Preti and Pierluigi Raggi had designed a small car that used the motorcycle engine of the Iso Moto 200 and named it Isetta.

The Isetta caused a sensation when it was introduced to the motoring press in Turin in November 1953. It was unlike anything seen before. Small (only  long by  wide) and egg-shaped, with bubble-type windows, the entire front end of the car hinged outwards to allow entry. In the event of an accident, the driver and passenger were to exit through the canvas sunroof. The steering wheel and instrument panel swung out with the single door, simplifying access to the single bench seat. The seat provided reasonable comfort for two occupants, and perhaps a small child. Behind the seat was a large parcel shelf with a spare wheel located below. A heater was optional. Ventilation was provided by turning out the front triangle windows and/or opening the fabric sunroof.

Power came from a ,  split-single two-stroke motorcycle engine. The engine was started by a combination generator-starter known as Dynastart. A manual gearbox provided four forward speeds and reverse. A chain drive connected the gearbox to a solid rear axle with a pair of closely spaced  rear wheels. The first prototypes had one wheel at the rear, but having a single rear wheel made the car prone to roll-overs, so the rear wheel layout was changed to two wheels set  apart from each other.  This narrow track eliminated the need for a differential. The front axle was a modified version of a Dubonnet independent front suspension.

The Isetta took over 30 seconds to reach  from rest. Top speed was only about . The fuel tank held only ; the Isetta would get somewhere between  and .

In 1954, Iso entered several Isettas in the legendary Mille Miglia where they took the top three spots in the economy classification. Over a distance of , the drivers achieved an average speed of over . However, despite its initial success, the Isetta was beginning to slip in popularity at home, mainly due to renewed competition from Fiat with its 500C model.

Renzo Rivolta wanted to concentrate on his new Iso Rivolta sports car, and was interested in doing licensing deals. Plants in Spain and Belgium were already assembling Isettas and Autocarros using Italian-made Iso components. BMW began talking with Rivolta in mid-1954 and bought not just a license but the complete Isetta body tooling as well. Rivolta also negotiated licensing deals with companies in France and Brazil.

After constructing some 1,000 units, production of the Italian built cars ceased in 1955, but Iso continued to build the Isetta in Spain until 1958.

Iso Autocarro

In addition to the Iso Isetta vettura described above, Iso also built the Autocarro, a commercial version with full-width rear axle. The Autocarro was offered in several body styles—a flatbed pickup, enclosed truck, a tilt-bed or even a fire engine—although some of these might not have been sold. The Autocarro was very popular in Italy, and many manufacturers produced some variant of the type.

Iso had previously produced a motorcycle-type Isocarro. The Iso Autocarro was larger than most, with its four-wheel layout, conventional rear axle with differential and leaf springs, and a large tubular frame. It could carry a  load. The name Isetta Autocarro was also used. It is thought that more than 4,000 Autocarros were built.

VELAM Isetta (France)

In 1954, VELAM acquired a licence from Iso to manufacture a car based on the Isetta. Since Iso had sold the body making equipment to BMW, VELAM developed their own body but used the original Iso engine. The VELAM body was rounder and more egg-like than Iso's Isetta and was known by the French as the 'yogurt pot'. Instead of a chassis like the Italian and German versions, there was a sub-frame bolted to the body at the rear, which held the rear tires, engine, and transmission. The front suspension was bolted to the front of the body. The front door was opened by push button instead of a handle, and the speedometer was mounted in the center of the steering wheel.

VELAM started production of the car in 1955 at the old Talbot factory at Suresnes, France, and the car was introduced at the 1955 Paris car show. All told, five versions of the car were built: the standard Isetta, a convertible version, a luxury version, a one-off "Sport" version, and a race car. Due to competition from the Renault Dauphine, production ceased in 1958.

De Carlo - Isetta (Argentina)

Metalmecánica Company, joined the regime automotive manufacturing 1959, starting the assembly of licensed vehicles BMW (Isetta and BMW 700), in 1964, Metalmecánica redesigns the front and back of the De Carlo 700, becoming its first redesign made in Argentina, in 1965 begins to assemble under license of the French company SIMCA, the model Ariane.

Some 1,413 of the De Carlo 600 were manufactured from 1959 to 1962

Romi-Isetta (Brazil)

In 1955, Iso licensed the Isetta to Indústrias Romi S.A., a machine-tool manufacturer headquartered in the city of Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, in the state of São Paulo. The Isetta was chosen, because it was considered an ideal vehicle for use in the cities by virtue of its size and economy. Released on September 5, 1956, it was one of the first cars produced in Brazil, after Ford do Brasil and General Motors do Brasil. The car had received government approval as a part of a state-supported drive to establish an automotive industry in Brazil, but ended up being built without government backing.

Some 3,000 of the Romi-Isettas were manufactured from 1956 to 1961. They kept the Iso design and used Iso engines until 1958, in 1959 they switched to the BMW 300 cc engines.

BMW Isetta (Germany)
BMW made the Isetta its own. They redesigned the powerplant around a BMW one-cylinder, four-stroke, 247 cc motorcycle engine which generated . Although the major elements of the Italian design remained intact, BMW re-engineered much of the car, so much so that none of the parts between a BMW Isetta Moto Coupe and an Iso Isetta are interchangeable. The first BMW Isetta appeared in April 1955.

In May 1962, three years after launching the conventionally modern-looking BMW 700, BMW ceased production of Isettas. A total of 161,728 units had been built.

In the 1990s, the BMW Isetta had garnered a resurgence through the television show Family Matters, in which one of the main characters, Steve Urkel (Jaleel White), drives a 1960 BMW Isetta.

BMW Isetta 250
While it retained the "bubble window" styling, it differed from the Italian model in that its headlamps were fixed separately to the sides of the bodywork and it carried the BMW badge below the windscreen. The car was also redesigned to take a modified version of the 250 cc four-stroke engine from the BMW R25/3 motorcycle and the front suspension was changed. The single-cylinder generated  at 5800 rpm. The crankcase and cylinder were made of cast iron, the cylinder head of aluminium. However, the head was rotated by 180° compared with the motorcycle engine. The twin-bearing crankshaft was also different in the Isetta power unit, being larger and featuring reinforced bearings. One of the reasons for this was the heavy Dynastart unit which combined the dynamo and self-starter. The fuel mixture was provided by a Bing sliding throttle side draft motorcycle carburetor. In addition to further changes of detail, the BMW engineers enlarged the sump for installation in the car and cooled the engine by means of a radial fan and shrouded ducting.

The power train from the four-speed gearbox to the two rear wheels was also unusual: fixed to the gearbox output drive was something called a Hardy disc, which was a cardan joint made of rubber. On the other side of it was a cardan shaft, and finally a second Hardy disc, which in turn was located at the entrance to a chain case. A duplex chain running in an oil bath led finally to a rigid shaft, at each end of which were the two rear wheels. Thanks to this elaborate power transfer, the engine-gearbox unit was both free of tension and well soundproofed in its linkage to the rear axle.

In Germany, the Isetta could even be driven with a motorcycle license. The top speed of the Isetta 250 was rated as .

The first BMW Isetta rolled off the line in April 1955, and in the next eight months some 10,000 were produced.

BMW Isetta 300

In 1956, the government of the Federal Republic of Germany changed the regulations for motor vehicles. Class IV licences issued from that time onward could only be used to operate small motorcycles and could no longer be used to operate motor vehicles with a capacity of less than 250 cc. At the same time, the maximum capacity allowed for the Isetta's tax category was 300 cc. Class IV licences issued before the change in the regulations were grandfathered and allowed to be used as before.

This change in regulations encouraged BMW to revise their Isetta microcars. In February 1956 a 300cc engine was introduced. The engineers enlarged the single cylinder to a  bore and  stroke, which gave a displacement of exactly 298 cc; at the same time, they raised the compression ratio from 6.8 to 7.0:1. As a result, the engine power output rose to  at 5200 rpm, and the torque rose to  at 4600 rpm. The maximum speed remained at , yet there was a marked increase in flexibility, chiefly noticeable on gradients.

In October 1956, the Isetta Moto Coupe DeLuxe (sliding-window Isetta) was introduced. The bubble windows were replaced by longer, sliding side windows.

BMW 600

The BMW 600 was intended as an enlarged Isetta with more power and a more conventional four-wheel configuration.

The front end of the 600 was virtually unchanged from the Isetta, but the 600's wheelbase was stretched to accommodate four seats. A conventional rear axle was added. BMW introduced the semi-trailing arm independent suspension on the 600. This suspension would be used on almost every new model for the next four decades. Because of the increased size and weight, the 600 had a more powerful engine than the Isetta. The 600 had the 582 cc twin engine from the R67 motorcycle. Top speed was .

In two years, only 34,000 600s were produced, partly due to price competition with the entry-level VW Beetle. In the late 1950s, consumers wanted cars that looked like cars, and they had lost interest in economy models. Sales of the 600 were, however, aided by the energy crisis of 1956–1957.

BMW Isetta (United Kingdom)

In March 1957, Dunsfold Tools Ltd. signed a lease on part of the former Brighton railway works on the south coast of England with the intention of beginning production of the BMW Isetta under licence in May of that year. Shortly afterwards, Dunsfold Tools Ltd was renamed Isetta of Great Britain and the British Isetta was officially launched at the Dorchester hotel in April. The factory had no access by road, therefore components were delivered by rail and finished cars were shipped out the same way.

The British cars had right-hand drive with the door hinged from the right hand side of the car and the steering column moved across to the right as well. Right-hand drive meant that both the driver and the engine were on the same side, so a  counterweight was added to the left side to compensate. Dunlop tyres were used, and Lucas electrics replaced the German Hella and Bosch components, with a different headlamp housing being used. Girling brake components replaced the ATE brake parts.

The Isetta was not popular in the UK until a three-wheeled version was introduced. Although three-wheeled vehicles are more prone to rolling over, there was a financial advantage: they could evade automobile legislation and taxation by being classed as three-wheeled motorcycles, and could be driven with a motorcycle licence. Isetta of Great Britain continued to produce four-wheeled Isettas, but only for export to Canada, New Zealand, and Australia.

In 1962, Isetta of Great Britain also stopped production of the little cars but continued to produce Isetta engines until 1964.

Isetta replica kits
The now defunct British firm Tri-Tech, under the model name Zetta, sold a kit car or even an assembled complete BMW Isetta lookalike replica from modern parts, including Honda CN 250 cc single-cylinder water-cooled engines with automatic transmission (standard) or Kawasaki 500 GPS two-cylinder water-cooled motorcycle engines with optional manual transmission.

Some parts, new or used, were from "donor" vehicles. Front suspension and steering were from the Bedford Rascal (later sold under the Vauxhall marque) or the original and almost identical Suzuki Supercarry light duty van or pick-up. Drum brakes and wheels were from Morris and the subsequent British Leyland Motor Corporation Mini. Prices ranged from c. £2650 for the kit up to c. £9450 for a complete version.

It could be legally registered for use under British laws. Tri-Tech also supplied some body parts which can be used for running non-exact restorations of BMW Isettas.

Microlino

In 2016, Swiss entrepreneur Wim Ouboter, from Micro Mobility Systems, showed a proof-of-concept electric car, the Microlino – based on the original Isetta body design, but with a new chassis and suspension – at the Geneva Motor Show. Production of the vehicle in Italy was set to commence by the end of 2017, but was postponed to late 2018. The company reported in September 2018 it had pre-orders for 8,000 vehicles, which would cost EUR 12,000 each.

See also
Commuter Cars Tango
Microlino
Peel P50
Heinkel Kabine
Paul Arzens' "L'oeuf"
List of microcars by country of origin

References
Notes

Citations

External links

 Iso Isetta Millennium official site
 1959 BMW Isetta/Hot Wheels WHATTADRAG
 BMW Isetta as built at Brighton's (former) Locomotive Works
 BMW Isetta on Wheeler Dealers

BMW vehicle series
Iso vehicles
Microcars
Cab over vehicles
Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Rear-engined vehicles
Three-wheeled motor vehicles
Cars introduced in 1953
Cars discontinued in 1962

Isetta


Padda, eller Skilpadda, er en lille ø på ca. 3 hektar, i Oslofjorden. Den ligger midt i Paddehavet, ud for Bekkelaget og omkranset af Ulvøya, Malmøya og Ormøya.

Paddehavet er et småbådsområde, og på Padda er der havn og oplagsplads værksted og optagningskran for småbåde. Fra fastlandet er der gangbro over til Padda. På toppen af øen er der betonfundamenter fra tyskernes virksomhed under 2. verdenskrig. Oslo kommune overtog ejendommen i 1996.

Der er fra 2008 et plantefredningsområde på øen. Tidligere hed øen Tistelholmen, et navn som vistnok skal komme af fuglenavnet tejst. Lige sydvest for Padda ligger Galteskjær, også kaldet Kaffeskjæret. Her var det tidligere stativ for tørring af fiskenet.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Padda Båtforenings hjemmesider
 Historien om slippen og verkstedet på Padda - Sørfonden slipps nettsider

Øer i Oslofjorden
Øer i Oslo

Padda


Kaliforniya kondoru (Gymnogyps californianus), Yeni Dünya akbabaları (Cathartidae) familyasından yırtıcı bir kuş türü. Kuzey Amerika'da yaşayan karasal kuş türleri içinde en büyüğüdür. 1987 yılında doğal ortamlarında yaşayan tüm bireyler yakalandığında doğal ortamında tükenen türler arasına alındı ancak o zamandan beri Arizona'nın kuzeyi ile Utah'ın güneyinde, Kaliforniya'nın orta ve güneyinde kıyı dağlarında ve Meksika'da Baja California'nın kuzeyinde yeniden doğal yaşam ortamına sokulmaktadır. Fosillerden dört farklı üyesi olsa da Gymnogyps cinsinin yaşayan tek türüdür. Kaliforniya kondoru Dünya Doğa ve Doğal Kaynakları Koruma Birliği (IUCN) tarafından kritik tehlikedeki türler arasında listelenmektedir.

Tüy örtüsü kanatların altındaki beyaz lekeler haricinde siyahtır; kafanın büyük bir kısmı tüysüzdür ve ten rengi genç kuşlarda griden üreyebilen erişkinlerde sarı ila parlak turuncu arasında değişir. Kuzey Amerika kuşları arasında 3,0 m ile en büyük kanat açıklığına sahiptir ve 12 kg.'a kadar olan ağırlığı, Kuzey Amerika'nın kuş türleri arasında en ağırı olan Cygnus buccinator türünün ağırlığına neredeyse yetişir. Kondor leşçildir ve büyük miktarlarda leş ile beslenir. 60 yıla kadar çıkan ömrü ile dünyanın en çok yaşayan kuş türlerinden biridir.

20nci yüzyılda DDT gibi zirai kimyasallar, kaçak avlanma, kurşun zehirlenmesi ve habitat yok olması nedenleriyle sayıları çok önemli oranda azaldı. ABD hükûmeti tarafından uygulanan bir koruma planı sayesinde 1987'de doğal ortamında yaşayan tüm Kaliforniya kondorları, toplam 27 birey yakalandı. Yakalanan bu kuşlar San Diego Wild Animal Park'ta ve Los Angeles Hayvanat Bahçesi'nde üretilmeye başlandı. Esaret altında üreme yoluyla sayıları artmaya başladı ve 1991'den başlayarak kondorlar yeniden doğal yaşam ortamına sokulmaya başlandı. O zamandan beri popülasyonları artsa da Kaliforniya kondoru 2019 yılı itibarıyla esaret altında ya da doğal ortamında yaşayan 518 birey ile dünyanın en nadir kuş türlerinden biridir. Kaliforniya kondoru Kaliforniya Amerika yerli gruplarının çoğu için önem taşıyan bir kuştur ve geleneksel mitlerinin bazılarında önemli yer tutar.

Taksonomi

Kaliforniya kondoru İngiliz doğa bilimci George Shaw tarafından 1797 yılında Vultur californianus adı ile tanımlandı; tip numune Vancouver keşif gezisi sırasında Archibald Menzies tarafından "Kaliforniya kıyısında" toplanmıştır. Başlangıçta And kondoru (V. gryphus) ile aynı cins içinde tanımlanmıştır ama Ank kondorunun görece daha farklı tüy üzerindeki lekeleri, biraz daha uzun kanatları ve yemek için küçük hayvanları öldürmeye yatkınlığı nedeniyle Kaliforniya kondoru günümüzde kendine özgü monotipik cins içinde sınıflandırılmıştır. Cins adı Gymnogyps Grekçe "çıplak" anlamına gelen γυμνος (gymnos) ile "akbaba" anlamına gelen γυψ (gyps) kelimelerinden oluşurken epitet adı californianus Kaliforniya'dan gelir. Kondor kelimesi ise Keçuva dilindeki kuntur sözcüğünden gelir.

Kaliforniya kondorunun ve diğer altı Yeni Dünya akbabasının taksonomide tam olarak yeri kesinleşmemiştir. Eski Dünya akbabalarına benzer görünüşe ve ekolojik rollere sahip olmalarına rağmen Yeni Dünya akbabaları dünyanın farklı bir bölgesinde farklı bir atadan evrimleşmişlerdir. İki grubun ne kadar farklı olduğu hâlâ tartışma konusudu ve bazı otoriteler önceden Yeni Dünya akbabalarının leyleklerle yakın akraba olduğunu önermekteydi. Son zamanlarda ise otoriteler her iki grubu da Falconiformes takımı içinde tutma ya da kendi takımları Cathartiformes içinde yerleştirme yönünde görüşlere sahiptir. Güney Amerika Sınıflandırma Komitesi Yeni Dünya akbabalarını Ciconiiformes takımından çıkarıp Incertae sedis olarak sınıflandırırken Falconiformes ya da Cathartiformes takımlarına geçmesinin mümkün olduğunu belirtti.

Amerikan Ornitologlar Birliği'nin 51nci Eki (2010) uyarınca Kaliforniya kondoru Cathartiformes takımında Cathartidae takımında yer alır.

Evrimsel tarihçe

Gymnogyps cinsi Relikt dağılıma bir örnektir. Bu cins Pleistosen Çağında Amerika kıtasına yaygın olarak dağılmıştı. Fosillerden Plesistosen'in erken döneminden Florida'da bulunan Gymnogyps kofordi türü ile Plesitosen'in geç döneminden Peru'da bulunan Gymnogyps howardae türleri tanımlandı. Küba'da Pleistosen'in geç dönemine ait tabakalarda bulunan ve ilk olarak Antillovultur varonai olarak tanımlanan tür artık Gymnogyps cinsinin bir üyesi, Gymnogyps varonai olarak tanınmaktadır. Hatta Kaliforniya kondorlarının kurucu popülasyonundan evrimleşmiş bile olabilir.

Kaliforniya kondoru Gymnogyps cinsinin yaşayan tek üyesidir ve kabul edilmiş bir alt türü yoktur. Ancak Pleistosen'in geç döneminden bazen paleo alt tür olarak kabul edilen Gymnogyps californianus amplus bulunur. Mevcut fikirler ikiy ayrılır bir kısım bunu kronotür olarak sınıflarken diğer bir kısım ise Gymnogyps amplus olarak ayrı bir türü kabul eder. Gymnogyps amplus kuşun tarihi yaşam alanının çoğu bölümünde ve hatta Florida'ya kadar uzanan bir alanda yaşıyordu ama daha büyüktü ve And kondoru ile yaklaşık aynı ağırlıktaydı. Bu kuşun ayrıca gagası da daha genişti. Son buz çağında iklim değişince popülasyonun tamamı günümüzdeki Gymnogyps californianus türüne evrimleşinceye kadar küçüldü, ancak günümüzde Syverson'un çalışmaları bu teoriyi desteklememektedir.

Özellikleri

Kaliforniya kondorunun kanat aralığı 3 metreyi, yerden yüksekliği 125 cantimetreyi bulabilir. En yüksek ağırlığı 14 kg dır. Siyah tüyleri ve alt kısmı beyaz olan kanatları vardır. Sivri uçlu tüyleri olan boyun halkasına sahiptir.

Üreme ve yaşam şekli

Türün kuluçka zamanı yılın ilk 5 ayında gerçekleşir. Yuvaları genelde sahile yakın bölgelerde, yüksek konumdaki kayaların üzerine kurulur. Dişi kondor sıklıkla tek bir beyaz yumurta bırakır. Daha sonra yuvaya dişi ve erkek ortaklaşa bakarlar. Yaklaşık 40-50 gün içinde civciv kabuğunu kırar. Yavru yaklaşık altı ay yuvada kalır ve bu sürenin sonunda ebeveynlerinin kontrolünde ilk uçuş denemelrine başlar. 12. aydan sonra artık bağımsız olur ve 3 yaşından sonra erişkin bir kondor olarak kabul edilir. Yavruların bakımı zor olduğundan kondorlar 2 yılda bir ürerler.

Beslenme
Kondor günün ilk saatlerinde yiyecek arar. İstisnasız leş ile beslenir. Doyduktan sonra neredeyse yarım günden uzun süren istirahatına çekilir.

Birçok üretme programı ile bu kuşun varlığı güvence altına alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

Özel

Genel

Yeni Dünya akbabaları
Aşağı Kaliforniya'daki kuşlar
Baja Kaliforniya Yarımadası'ndaki kuşlar
Güneybatı Amerika Birleşik Devletleri
Monotipik kuş cinsleri
1797'de tanımlanan kuşlar

Kaliforniya kondoru


Storfjorden (kvensk: Isovuono, nordsamisk: Omasvuotna) er den inderste del af fjorden Lyngenfjorden i Storfjord kommune i Troms og Finnmark fylke i Norge. Fjorden er 17 kilometer lang. Fra indløbet, mellem bygden Rasteby i vest og Falsnesodden i øst, går fjorden i sydvestlig retning til fjordbunden ved Hatteng.

Øst for Falsnesodden ligger bygden Skibotn. Lidt længere inde i fjorden ligger bygden Elvevoll på østsiden og længere mod syd ligger bygden Sandøyra. På den modsatte side af fjorden for disse, ligger de to bygderne Elsnes og Horsnes.
Inderst i fjorden ligger landsbyen Hatteng. Ved Hatteng munder Signaldalelven ud i fjorden.
Europavej E6 går langs hele østsiden af fjorden, mens fylkesvej 868 går langs vestsiden.

Kilder og henvisninger

Fjorde i Troms og Finnmark
Storfjord

Storfjorden (Lyngen)


විවාහක ලෝක රූ රැජිණ යනු විවාහක කාන්තාවන් වෙනුවෙන් 1985 සිට වාර්ෂිකව පවත්වනු ලබන, එක් එක් වසර වලදී ජාත්‍යන්තර මට්ටමෙන් රූප සුන්දරියක් තෝරා ගන්නා තරඟයකි. එය අමෙරිකාවේ පැවැත්වූ මිසිස් අමෙරිකා (Mrs. America) තරඟයෙන් සම්භවය වූ තරඟයක් බව පැවසේ.

ජයග්‍රාහිකාවන්
 තරඟය 1990-1995, 1997-1999, 2003, 2010, සහ 2012 යන වසරවලදී නොපවත්වන ලදී.

රටවල් අනුව ජයග්‍රහණ කල වාර ගණන

මේවාද බලන්න

ආශ්‍රිත

  මිසිස්. වර්ල්ඩ් මේන් ඉවෙන්ට්'ස් ඔෆීෂියල් පේජ්
 Article in the eXile newspaper

බාහිර සබැඳි

රූප සෞන්දර්යය හෝ කඩවසම් බව හෝ තේරීමේ ජාත්‍යන්තර තරඟ

විවාහක ලෝක රූ රැජිණ


ප්‍රකෘති ලඝුගණක විධිමත් ලෙස බහුවලයික ලඝුගණක යනු පාදය e වු ලඝුගණකයි. මෙහි e යනු 2.718281828459 ට ආසන්න අපරිමිත නියතයකි. වඩා සරලව x සංඛ්‍යාවේ ප්‍රකෘති ලඝුගණකය යනු x ට සමාන වීම සදහා e නැංවිය යුතු බලයයි. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස e හි ප්‍රකෘති ලඝුගණකය 1 ක් වේ. මන්ද e1 = e බැවිනි. 1 හි ප්‍රකෘති ලඝුගණකය o වේ. ඒ e0 = 1 වන බැවිනි. සියලු ධන තාත්වික සංඛ්‍යා x සදහා ප්‍රකෘති ලඝුගණකය 1 සිට x දක්වා y = 1/t වක්‍රය යට වර්ග ඵලය ලෙස අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකි අතර ශුන්‍ය නොවන සංකිර්ණ සංඛ්‍යා සදහාද ඉහත පරිදිම අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකිවේ.

පහත සර්වසාම්‍යයන්ට අනුව ප්‍රකෘති ලඝුගණක ශ්‍රිතය ඝාතිය ශ්‍රිතයේ ප්‍රතිලෝම ශ්‍රිතය ලෙසද අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකිය.

වෙනත් ආකාරයකට ප්‍රකෘති ලඝුගණක ශ්‍රිතය, ධන තාත්වික සංඛ්‍යා කුලක‍යේ  සිට සියලු තාත්වික සංඛ්‍යා කුලකයට සමක්ෂේපයකි. වඩාත් පැහැදිලි ලෙස එය ආකලනය යටතේ වු තාත්වික සංඛ්‍යා ඛාණ්ඩයකට ගුණනය කළ විට තාත්වික සංඛ්‍යා ඛාණ්ඩයකින් වු සමරූපතාවයක් ඇතිවේ. මෙම ශ්‍රිතයෙන් එය නිරූපණය කළ හැකිය.

එමෙන්ම ලඝුගණක e ට පමණක් නොව 1 හැර අනෙක් ඕනෑම ධන පාදයකටද අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකිය. මෙය නොදන්නා දෙය වෙනත් රාශියක ඝාතයක් ලෙස ඇතිවිට ගැටලු විසදීමේදී ප්‍රයෝජනවත් වේ.

ගණිතය

ප්‍රකෘති ලඝුගණක


7.5 cm leichte Infanteriegeschütz 18 (7.5 cm le.IG 18) Nazi Almanyası ordusu Wehrmacht tarafından II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında piyade birliklerine destek amacıyla kullanılan bir toptu. İlk olarak 1927 yılında Rheinmetall firması tarafından üretildi. Top mürettebatı zırhlı bir kalkan ile düşman ateşinde korunmaktaydı. Bu topun dağ topu sınıfında 7.5 cm le.GebIG 18 adında bir modeli de bulunuyordu. Bu modelin en büyük özelliği 9 veya 10 parçaya bölünebilmesi ve en ağır parçasının 74.9 olmasıydı. Böylece her türlü araziye özellikle sarp yerlere bile hayvanlar yardımıyla taşınabilmekteydi. Alman ordusunda her dağ taburunda bu toplardan ikişer adet bulunuyordu. 7.5 cm le.IG 18F modeli ise 1939 yılında üretilmeye başlandı. Bu model hava birlikleri (paraşüt birlikleri) için üretilmişti. 140 kiloluk 4 parçaya bölünüyordu. Bu modelin küçük tekerlekleri bulunuyordu ancak zırhlı kalkanı yoktu. Ayrıca le.IG 18 nin 7.5 cm Infanteriegeschütz L/13 adında modifiye edilmiş bir modeli daha vardı.7.5/18 dağ obüsündeki 18 ibaresi namlu uzunluğunu hesaplamada kullanılmaktadır.Yani namlu uzunluğu, çapı 75 mm olan obusün 18 katı değerindedir.

7.5 cm le.IG 18 ve 7.5 cm le.GebIG 18 ait istatistik bilgileri
 Kalibresi: 75 mm
 Yükselme açısı: -10° ila 73°
 Namlu çıkış hızı (yüksek patlayıcılı mermi): 210 m/s
 menzil: 3550 m
 Yanal açı: 12°
 Ağırlığı: 400 kg
 7.5 cm le.GebIG 18 ağırlığı: 440 kg
 Yüksel patlayıcılı mermi ağırlığı: 6 kg
 Weight of HC Shell: 3 kg

7.5 cm IG L/13 istatistik bilgileri
 Kalibresi: 75 mm
 Yükselme açısı: -5° ila 43°
 Namlu çıkış hızı: 305 m/s
 Menzil: 5100 m
 Yanal açı: 50°
 Ağırlığı: 375 kg
 Mermi ağırlığı: 6.35 kg

Dış bağlantılar
 FlamesOfWar

Piyade topları
Almanya'nın topları

7,5 cm leichtes Infanteriegeschütz 18


Stephen Roberts, parfois crédité Steve Roberts, né le  à Long Island, État de New York et mort le  à Los Angeles en Californie, est un acteur américain.

Biographie

Filmographie partielle

Au cinéma
 1943 : Spy Train  de Harold Young : Anderson
 1943 : Le Chant de Bernadette (The Song of Bernadette) de Henry King : un citadin (non crédité)
 1944 : Enemy of Women d'Alfred Zeisler : l'indicateur
 1947 : Le Miracle de la 34e rue de George Seaton : un garde de la sécurité (non crédité)
 1948 : Jeanne d'Arc (Joan of Arc) de Victor Fleming : Thomas de Courcelles
 1949 : Pour toi j'ai tué (Criss Cross) de Robert Siodmak : le docteur (non crédité)
 1949 : La Femme à l'écharpe pailletée (The File on Thelma Jordon) de Robert Siodmak : Jury Foreman (non crédité)
 1950 : Le Soldat récalcitrant (ou La Terreur de l'armée)  () de Hal Walker : le docteur
 1951 : Rogue River de John Rawlins : Arthur Judson
 1952 : Jet Job de William Beaudine : Jack Bradford
 1953 : Jules César (Julius Caesar) de Joseph L. Mankiewicz : Dardanius
 1954 : Gog de Herbert L. Strock : Major Howard
 1961 : Portrait of a Mobster de Joseph Pevney : Guthrie
 1967 : Chef de patrouille (First to Fight) de Christian Nyby : le Président Franklin D. Roosevelt

À la télévision
 1980 : The Long Days of Summer de Dan Curtis : Franklin D. Roosevelt

Liens externes

Naissance en juillet 1917
Naissance à Long Island
Acteur américain
Décès à 82 ans
Décès à Los Angeles
Décès en octobre 1999

Stephen Roberts (acteur)


Pigs of the Roman Empire es un álbum de Melvins y Lustmord, lanzado en 2004 por Ipecac Records. El disco incluye ocho pistas cortas y sin sentido con ocasionales destellos de los Melvins mostrando su interminable potencia. El tema principal del disco es el sombrío e hipnótico Pigs of the Roman Empire un ambient-doom de 22 minutos.

Lista de canciones
Todas las canciones acreditadas por Osborne/Lustmord
 "III" – 3:00
 "The Bloated Pope" – 3:45
 "Toadi Acceleratio" – 3:25
 "Pigs of the Roman Empire" – 22:29
 "Pink Bat" – 6:32
 "ZZZZ Best" – 1:59
 "Safety Third" – 6:11
 "Idolatrous Apostate" – 6:46
 [Untitled Track] – 5:47

Personal
 King Buzzo -  Guitarra, voz, bajo, electrónica
 Dale Crover - batería, Guitarra, electrónica, Guitarra, Teclados
 Adam Jones - Guitarra
 B. Lustmord - Diseño de sonido, Programación y producción
 Sir David Scott Stone - Electrónica adicional Teclados
 Toshi Kasai - Grabación
 John Golden - Mastering
 Mackie Osborne - Dirección artística y diseño

Véase también
 Discografía de Melvins

Referencias

Álbumes de Ipecac Recordings
Álbumes de 2004
Álbumes de Melvins
Álbumes en inglés

Pigs of the Roman Empire (álbum)


عمروس إحدى قرى مركز الشهداء التابع لمحافظة المنوفية في جمهورية مصر العربية.

السكان
بلغ عدد سكان عمروس 7,978 نسمة، حسب الإحصاء الرسمي لعام 2006.

انظر أيضاً
 قائمة قرى محافظة المنوفية

مصادر

قرى الشهداء

عمروس


8340 Mumma este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
8340 Mumma este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Stația Anderson Mesa de Edward L. G. Bowell. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,97 ua, o excentricitate de 0,01 și o înclinație de 8,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 8001-9000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1985
Centura de asteroizi

8340 Mumma