Timothy John "Tim" Caldwell (* 4. Februar 1954 in Brattleboro, Vermont) ist ein ehemaliger US-amerikanischer Skilangläufer.

Caldwell nahm an vier Olympischen Winterspielen teil. Das erste Mal startete er 1972 in Sapporo, Japan im Alter von 17 Jahren. Im Einzelrennen über 15 km belegte er den 54. Platz, zusammen mit Mike Gallagher, Larry Martin und Mike Elliott in der Staffel den 12. 1976 startete er in Innsbruck, Österreich über 15 km und 30 km. Dabei belegte er die Plätze 37 und 27. Im Rennen über 50 km ging er an den Start, musste aber aufgeben. Rang 6 erreichte er in der Staffel über 4x10 km mit Doug Peterson, Bill Koch und Ronny Yeager. Im US-amerikanischen Lake Placid, New York absolvierte er bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 1980 den Lauf über 15 km und erreichte das Ziel als 25. Rang acht gelang ihm im Team mit Bill Koch, Jim Galanes und Stan Dunklee. Mit Dan Simoneau statt Jim Galanes gelang Caldwell 1984 in Sarajevo, heutiges Bosnien und Herzegowine, die gleiche Platzierung. Im Einzellauf über 15 km schaffte er Platz 39.
Außerdem trat er bei drei Weltmeisterschaften an und wurde mehrfach nationaler Meister über unterschiedliche Distanzen.

Caldwell ist der Sohn des Skilangläufers und Nordischen Kombinierers John Homer Caldwell. Er schloss 1977 sein Geschichtsstudium am Dartmouth College ab. Anschließend besuchte er die Georgetown Law School und machte einen Abschluss in Rechtswissenschaften. In Hanover, New Hampshire arbeitete er als Vermögensverwalter.

Weblinks

Skilangläufer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Olympiateilnehmer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1972
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1976
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1980
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1984
US-amerikanischer Meister (Skilanglauf)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1954
Mann

Tim Caldwell


An Cyperus schweinitzii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni John Torrey. An Cyperus schweinitzii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyperus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Cyperus

Cyperus schweinitzii


The M29 class comprised five monitors of the Royal Navy, all built and launched during 1915.

The ships of this class were ordered in March, 1915, as part of the Emergency War Programme of ship construction.  The contract for construction was granted to Harland & Wolff, Belfast, who sub-contracted the construction of M32 and M33 to Workman, Clark and Company.

The main armament of the ships, two 6-inch Mk XII guns, came from guns originally intended for the five s which became surplus when their aft casemate mountings turned out to be unworkable and were dispensed with.

Ships of the class
 HMS M29 – launched on 22 May 1915 and later renamed Medusa and Talbot, she was sold in 1946.
 HMS M30 – launched on 23 June 1915, and sunk on 14 May 1916.
 HMS M31 – launched on 24 June 1915, and broken up for scrap in 1948.
 HMS M32 – launched on 22 May 1915, and sold in January 1920.
 HMS M33 – launched on 22 May 1915, is one of a number of World War I-era warships in existence today and is located in dry-dock near HMS Victory at Portsmouth Naval Base. It has been restored and is open to public.

References

Bibliography
  Vol. 1 • Vol. 2

Dittmar, F. J. & Colledge, J. J., "British Warships 1914-1919", (Ian Allan, London, 1972),

Gray, Randal (ed), "Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921", (Conway Maritime Press, London, 1985),

Monitor classes

M29-class monitor


Ambalajul de lux și de specialitate este un concept care se referă la proiectarea, analizarea, dezvoltarea și fabricarea unor ambalaje, afișe sau mărci de lux. Ambalajul unui produs de lux face parte din imaginea mărcii, iar studiile de specialitate au arătat în acest sens că, dacă ambalajul produselor este atrăgător și luxos, consumatorii sunt dispuși să cheltuiască mai mult.

Pe lângă adăugarea de valoare produsului, ambalajul de lux îndeplinește diverse alte roluri; îmbunătățește imaginea mărcii, crește implicarea consumatorilor prin intermediul ambalajelor personalizate, îndeplinește o anumită funcție, sporește atractivitatea și diversifică produsul.,

La nivel global, piața ambalajelor de lux continuă să crească, fiind determinată de tendințele globale ale ambalajelor personalizate, de atenția acordată problemelor de sustenabilitate, factorilor economici și demografici. Se preconizează o creștere pentru piața ambalajelor de lux cu 4,4% până în anul 2019, valoarea pieței ajungând la 17,6 miliarde de dolari, iar consumul se va ridica la 9,9 miliarde de tone, cu o creștere de 3,1%.

Considerații cu privire la dezvoltarea ambalajelor
Proiectarea și dezvoltarea ambalajelor sunt adesea considerate elemente componente ale procesului de dezvoltare a unui nou produs. Alternativ, dezvoltarea unui ambalaj (sau a unui element component) poate constitui un proces separat, dar trebuie să fie strâns legat de produs pentru a putea fi ambalat.

Proiectarea ambalajelor începe cu identificarea tuturor cerințelor: proiectarea structurală, marketing, viața la raft a produsului, asigurarea calității, logistică, chestiuni juridice și de reglementare, design grafic, destinație finală și mediu înconjurător. Criteriile de proiectare, de performanță (specificate cu ajutorul testelor pentru ambalaje), finalizarea la timp a obiectivelor, resursele și constrângerile legate de costuri trebuie să fie stabilite și convenite. Procesele de proiectare a ambalajelor folosesc adesea prototipuri rapide, proiectarea asistată de calculator, fabricarea asistată de calculator și automatizarea fluxurilor de documente.

Securitatea
Produsele cu o valoarea ridicată sunt predispuse la furt. Ambalajul securizat poate fi un considerent important care ajută la reducerea furtului. Tehnologiile de autentificare pot fi utilizate pentru a verifica dacă produsul de lux nu se află printre numeroasele bunuri de consum contrafăcute.

Măsurile de securitate implică toate fazele producției de produse, ambalare, distribuție, logistică, vânzare, și utilizare. Nicio măsură nu este considerată total sigură împotriva furturilor. Adesea, inginerii specializați în ambalaje, inginerii specializați în logistică și profesioniștii din domeniul securității au abordat mai multe niveluri de securitate pentru a reduce riscul de furt.

Fiecare situație este unică. Au fost incluse câteva considerații:

 Identificarea celui care ar putea fi un posibil hoț: un angajat intern, paznic, șofer de camion, persoană care se ocupă de livrări, adresant (destinatarul), crima organizată etc. De obicei, inginerii încearcă să determine la început ce nivel de cunoștințe, materiale, instrumente etc. ar putea avea potențialii hoți.
 Identificarea tuturor metodelor posibile de accesare neautorizată a unui produs, ambalaj sau sistem. În plus, pe lângă mijloacele primare de intrare, inginerii iau în considerare, de asemenea, metodele secundare sau metoda "ușii din spate".
 Identificarea mijloacelor disponibile de reaplicare, reînchidere sau înlocuire a sigiliilor speciale.
 Utilizarea unor ambalaje foarte solide și sigure: Un ambalaj subțire sau deteriorat reprezintă o ispită pentru hoți.
 Luarea în considerare a sigiliilor și etichetelor personalizate în mod unic (care se schimbă în mod constant, deoarece acestea sunt supuse contrafacerii)
 Îmbunătățirea rezistenței împotriva hoților pentru a face furturile mult mai dificile, consumatoare de timp etc.
 Ascunderea identității și valorii unui articol care poate fi furat în timpul distribuirii. Experții în logistică și ambalare nu doresc să atragă atenția asupra articolului, a ambalajului, adreselor sau numelor etc.
 Adăugarea unor caracteristici evidente pentru a ajuta la indicarea existenței unei fraude.
 Alegerea unui furnizor de servicii de logistică care poate reduce riscul de furt.
 Transportul în unități mai mari învelite în folie sau în containere de transport intermodal cu sigilii de siguranță
 Educarea/Instruirea oamenilor să urmărească dovezile de furt.
 Cu o cutie de carton ondulată, folosind o bandă de închidere mai largă și mai puternică, de 3 inch sau 72 mm, bandă adezivă sau bandă sensibilă la presiune.
 Folosirea unei benzi de siguranță sau a unui sigiliu de siguranță pe ambalaje care lasă un mesaj, un avertisment sau o altă indicație dacă sunt îndepărtate.
 Instalarea unui sistem de supraveghere pentru a ajuta la identificarea suspecților.

Etapele de proiectare
Unii designeri iau în considerare nouă pași pentru crearea designului grafic al ambalajelor de lux, începând cu întâlnirea clientului pentru a obține o perspectivă asupra produsului. În următorul pas se elaborează primele schițe urmate de dezvoltarea planului inițial al ambalajului. Cel de-al patrulea pas presupune rafinarea ideii. Al cincilea pas include caligrafia și tipul de caractere. Cel de-al șaselea pas se referă la regulamente și la legi cu privire la dimensiunea informațiilor obligatorii. Cel de-al șaptelea pas implică ajustări finale, pasul al optulea referindu-se la alegerea accentelor ambalajului. Ultimul pas implică proiectarea accesoriilor asortate, precum cutiile sau pungile pentru a completa ambalajul principal.

Produse finite

 Produse cosmetice si parfumuri
 Tutun
 Produse de patiserie
 Băuturi alcoolice premium
 Băuturi și bucătăria Gourmet
 Ceasuri și bijuterii

Vezi și
 Gourmet
 Bunuri de lux
 Etichetă de Designer
 Bunuri Veblen
 Efectul de avuție
 Bunuri superioare

Note

Cărți, referințe generale
 Roessiger, Claude, "Unforgettable Packaging", Nevablu LLC, 2013, ISBN 978-0-9896739-2-1
 Yam, K.L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, ISBN 978-0-470-08704-6

Lectură suplimentară
 Calver, G., What Is Packaging Design, Rotovision. 2004, .
 Leonard, E. A. (1996), Packaging, Marcel Dekker. .

Ambalaje

Ambalaj de lux


Reichskomisariatul Belgia și Nordul Franței a fost o administrație civilă germană (Zivilverwaltung) care a guvernat  în timpul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial. Reichskommissariatul a înlocuit guvernul militar anterior, Administrația Militară în Belgia și Nordul Franței, stabilită în același teritoriu în 1940. La 18 iulie 1944, primul , , a fost numit primul Reichskommissar din teritoriu, cunoscut sub numele de Reichskommissariat Belgien und Nordfrankreich sau Reichskommissariat für die besetzten Gebiete von Belgien und Nordfrankreich.

Teritoriul a fost în cea mai mare parte eliberat de către Aliați, în septembrie 1944, în urma debarcării din Normandia, deci existența teritoriului a fost de scurtă durată. După eliberare, teritoriul a fost retrospectiv anexat direct în Germania (deși nu se mai afla de facto sub control german) ca trei  separate: Reichsgau Flandra, Reichsgau Valonia și Districtul Bruxelles.

Referințe

Germania nazistă
Foste state din Europa
Fondări în 1944
Desființări în 1944


Bando, (tal vez del gótico bandwō, signo, bandera, señal ) etimológicamente  expresa la actividad, es sinónimo de acción, pero dentro del ámbito de la política alude de un modo concreto a una actividad colectiva que, generada en el seno de la sociedad política, atiende al provecho particular.

Véase también
Facción
Poder político
Partido político
Hetería

Referencias

Terminología política

Bando (facción)


Serigne Modou Kara Mbodj (født 11. november 1989 i Ndiass, Senegal), er en senegalesisk fodboldspiller (midterforsvarer/ defensiv midtbane).

Kara spiller for RSC Anderlecht i den belgiske liga. Han har spillet for klubben siden 2015. Tidligere har han repræsenteret blandt andet KRC Genk samt norske Tromsø.

Landshold
Kara står (pr. maj 2018) noteret for 40 kampe for det senegalesiske landshold. Han debuterede for holdet 11. november 2011 i en venskabskamp mod Guinea, og scorede sit første mål 19. november 2014 i et opgør mod Botswana. Han var en del af den senegalesiske trup til VM 2018 i Rusland.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Senegal
Fodboldspillere fra RSC Anderlecht
Fodboldspillere fra Tromsø IL
Fodboldspillere fra KRC Genk

Kara Mbodji


Soğucak (Çerkezce:  Astemrey), Kahramanmaraş ilinin Afşin ilçesine bağlı bir mahalle.

Coğrafya
Kahramanmaraş iline 124 km, Göksun ilçesine 46, Afşin ilçesine 12 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Afşin'in mahalleleri

Soğucak, Afşin


United Center is an indoor arena on the Near West Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is home to the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is named after its corporate sponsor United Airlines, which has been based in Chicago since 2007 and has a hub at O'Hare International Airport. With a capacity of nearly 21,000, the United Center is the largest arena by capacity in the NBA, and second largest arena by capacity in the NHL. It also has a seating capacity of 23,500 for concerts.

Opening in 1994, the United Center replaced the Chicago Stadium, which was located across the street. The first event held at the arena was WWF SummerSlam. Due to the lockout, the Blackhawks did not move in until January 1995. In 1996, the United Center hosted the Democratic National Convention.

The arena is home to an iconic statue of Michael Jordan erected in 1994. Originally located outside the arena, it now stands inside an atrium which was added in 2017. The Jordan statue has since been joined by statues of Blackhawks legends Bobby Hull and Stan Mikita, while a statue of various Blackhawks players is located across the street on the site of Chicago Stadium.

On March 25, 2021, the United Center became Chicago's logistical hub to support the city's efforts against COVID-19.

Arena information

Both the Chicago Blackhawks and the Chicago Bulls play their home games at the arena with some of them on back to back nights. The hardwood floor for the Bulls games is laid over the ice that the Blackhawks play on. The flooring is assembled like a puzzle and taken apart when the Blackhawks have a game. The Chicago Bulls operate their practice facility, the Advocate Center, named after the Advocate Medical Group, a block just to the east of the United Center. That facility opened in 2014.

The Bulls and Blackhawks own and operate United Center through the United Center Joint Venture (UCJV), a 50/50 partnership. It covers  on a 46-acre (19 ha) parcel, west of the Chicago Loop. The arena is the largest in the United States in size, though not in capacity. Its exterior bears a striking resemblance to that of Chicago Stadium. It seats 19,717 for hockey, 20,917 for basketball and up to 23,500 for concerts. The United Center hosts over 200 events per year and has drawn over 20 million visitors since its opening. Attendance routinely exceeds seating capacity for Bulls and Blackhawks games.

Design and construction
The arena's original construction cost $175 million.

United Center's acoustics were designed to amplify noise to replicate "The Roar" – the din that made Chicago Stadium famous, especially during hockey games. The designers originally estimated that the United Center would be 80% as loud as the Chicago Stadium had been. To amplify noise, they placed angled steel panels around the top level in order to reflect noise back into the arena's bowl.

During hockey season, the Blackhawks use an Allen Organ that is a replica of the Chicago Stadium's famous Barton organ. Recreating the old organ's notes took two years.

The building is  tall,  and is of concrete and steel construction, with 3,500 tons of steel being utilized in its construction. While the Blackhawks and Bulls had long planned another arena, an inflated real estate market and the early 1990s recession delayed the project until financing was secured from an international syndicate, with funding by banks from Japan, Australia and France. The arena originally had 216 luxury sky-boxes, the most of any professional hockey or basketball venue at the time of its opening. As of the 2009–10 renovation the arena has 169 executive suites on three levels. It also was originally constructed with 3,000 club sets.

Architects originally proposed utilizing limestone and granite for its exterior, however the owners instead decided to have a less expensive precast concrete exterior.

Per the team owners' request, the City of Chicago closed a section of Monroe Street west of the stadium, as the venue's footprint extends into where the road's sidewalk had previously been located. When the venue opened, Chicago Tribune architecture critic Blair Kamin criticized this street closure and other aspects as the venue's design as isolating the venue from its surrounding neighborhood. He argued that the venue's design had intentionally closed the arena off from its surroundings, which at the time included the (since-demolished) Henry Horner Homes public housing.

Events

Sports

Basketball
The arena was the Bulls' home during their second run of three consecutive championships, hosting the , , and 1998 NBA Finals. The Bulls won the 1996 and 1997 series in the sixth game at home, but won the 1998 series at the Delta Center in Salt Lake City, Utah.

In 2020, it hosted the NBA All-Star Game.

Hockey
The arena has hosted the Stanley Cup Finals three times: in , , and . The Blackhawks clinched two Stanley Cups on the ice of their opponent in the sixth game of the series (Philadelphia's Wachovia Center in 2010 and Boston's TD Garden in 2013). The Blackhawks won the 2015 Finals against the Tampa Bay Lightning at home in the sixth game, the first time since 1938 the Hawks clinched the Cup in Chicago.

The Illinois State High School Hockey Championships are hosted at the United Center yearly for the Blackhawk Cup.

NCAA basketball
In addition to 41 Bulls and Blackhawks games each year, United Center has hosted other sporting events such as University of Illinois basketball, the Big Ten men's basketball tournament (from the first tournament in 1998 to 2001, then in odd-numbered years from 2003 to 2007 and again in 2013 and 2015), the Men's NCAA basketball tournament (hosted six times, including 2022), the Roundball Classic, and the Great Eight Classic.

Professional wrestling
United Center was also the site of the World Wrestling Federation pay-per-view SummerSlam in 1994—the first major event held inside the building, and also the only major event held in the building by WWE, as they have traditionally held their Chicago events at Allstate Arena. It also hosted the last of WCW's annual Spring Stampede pay-per-views in 2000. On March 3, 2018, WWE returned to United Center for the first time in over 20 years with a "Road to WrestleMania" house show.

During a special episode of AEW Dynamite, titled Fight For the Fallen on July 28, 2021, Tony Schiavone announced that All Elite Wrestling (AEW) would host the second episode of their television series, AEW Rampage, at the United Center on August 20, 2021, subtitled "The First Dance" in what would be the first televised wrestling event to take place in the United Center since 2000. The event marked Chicago native CM Punk's AEW debut and return to professional wrestling. AEW also held another event at the United Center in partnership with New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) on June 26, 2022, titled AEW×NJPW: Forbidden Door. AEW then hosted the premiere of AEW Collision on Saturday, June 17, 2023, with the return of CM Punk being a headliner for the event. The venue will also host the 2023 edition of AEW's All Out pay-per-view on September 3, 2023.

Mixed martial arts
On January 28, 2012, the Ultimate Fighting Championship held its first nationally televised event at the arena. UFC on Fox 2 was the UFC's 2nd live prime-time event on Fox. The headlining fight was former UFC Light-Heavyweight Champion Rashad Evans vs. Phil Davis, with Evans winning by unanimous decision. The UFC announced in mid-January 2015 that the United Center would be host of UFC on Fox 16. The United Center also hosted UFC on Fox: Johnson vs. Dodson in 2013 and UFC on Fox: Henderson vs. Thomson in 2014.

On June 9, 2018, United Center hosted UFC 225 which was its first PPV event.

On June 8, 2019, United Center hosted UFC 238 which was one day before last year's UFC 225.

Bull riding
On the weekend of March 5–6, 2011, the Professional Bull Riders made their Built Ford Tough Series debut at the United Center. It was their third Chicago-area visit, having previously visited Rosemont's Allstate Arena in 2006 and 2008. The event at the United Center presented a unique scenario as instead of dirt, white crushed stone was used to cover the arena floor.

Tennis
In September 2018, the United Center hosted the second edition of the Laver Cup. The tennis competition will feature Team Europe vs. Team World.

Gymnastics
On October 13, 2016, the arena hosted the Kellogg's Tour of Gymnastics Champions.

Entertainment

Concerts
With a seating capacity of 23,500 for concerts, United Center has been a home to many concert performances. The first was Billy Joel, who stated the "...acoustics could use some work.." New Kids on the Block, Guns N' Roses, Prince, Adele, The Smashing Pumpkins, Taylor Swift, Madonna, U2, Rolling Stones, Tina Turner, Van Halen, Iron Maiden, Aerosmith, KISS, Bon Jovi, Barbra Streisand, Bruce Springsteen, Sir Paul McCartney, Janet Jackson, BLACKPINK, Celine Dion, Shakira, Coldplay,  BTS, The Who, Pearl Jam, Green Day, blink-182, Jay-Z, Mary J. Blige, Ariana Grande, Lady Gaga, Muse, The Killers, and Dua Lipa have all had sold-out shows for their concerts in this arena, as well as Dave Matthews Band, who released its 1998 show at the venue, entitled Live in Chicago 12.19.98 at the United Center. Contemporary Christian music has also been played at this venue, on tours such as the Tomlin UNITED tour in June 2022, featuring Hilllsong UNITED, Chris Tomlin, and Pat Barrett.

Family events
United Center has also provided a Chicago home for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus (last performance was 2016, and they permanently shut down on May 21, 2017) and Disney on Ice, which occur once per year; the Bulls and Blackhawks have a tradition of taking a two-week road trip when the circus is in town. After Ringling left Chicago for one final time in November 2016, the Bulls and Blackhawks allowed Ringling's sister production Disney on Ice to perform its last two-week show in February 2017, before being condensed to a one-week period effective February 2018.

Television events
On August 29, 1994, the newly opened United Center was home to the seventh annual WWF Summerslam Pay-Per-View event. Aired Live, attendance was at 23,000.

On May 17, 2011, Oprah The Farewell Season: Oprah's Surprise Spectacular was taped at the United Center. The program aired on television on May 23 and 24, 2011. Pictures from the event are displayed inside the arena entrance on the wall of Gate 4.

Political events
United Center was also the venue of the 1996 Democratic National Convention, where the Democratic Party nominated as its presidential and vice-presidential candidates Bill Clinton and Al Gore, the incumbent holders of the respective offices, who would be re-elected as a result of the general election held that November. The United Center will also host the 2024 Democratic National Convention, separated from the 2024 Republican National Convention by only 90 miles, as that is being hosted by the Fiserv Forum in Milwaukee.

Renovations

Late 2000s club additions and 300 level renovation
In 2008, the United Center saw the debut of the Harris Club, private premium seating area that filled space previous occupied by several club-level suites. The Harris Club was an open lounge premium seating area with a capacity of 236 ticketholders fitted with amenities such including a Nintendo Wii, a pool table, three bars, a buffet, and multiple televisions. Another change was the addition of two bars on the 300 level with open views to the arena bowl.

In time for the 2009–10 season of its sports tenants, the United Center's 300 level saw its concourse renovated with the addition of 144 flat screen televisions, new food and beverage stations above select seating sections and two new bars that open up to panoramic views of the arena. During the 2010 off-season, two additional bars with panoramic views of the arena were added along with the other two that had been added the previous year. Another notable addition were illuminated signs on each side of the arena's 300 level seating bowl reading "Welcome to the Madhouse". The United Center also renovated several of its club-level suites into 32 "theater boxes", which were opera-style boxes seating four-people seating areas with access to an upscale restaurant-style lounge area shared with the other theater boxes. The theater boxes were built on the opposite end of the seating bowl as the Harris Club.

2010s changes
After the 2012–13 season, a third panoramic LED bar was installed around the 300 level, which required the removal of the "Welcome to the Madhouse" signs.

A new court floor design was added for the Bulls' 2015–16 season and includes multiple changes. The iconic bull head logo at center court has increased in size by 75% and the image of a basketball that was previously behind the logo has been removed. The "CHICAGO BULLS" text on the endlines has been changed to the font used in the official Bulls logo to make the court design more consistent with the Bulls brand, and the same font has been applied to the "Bulls.com" and the "@ChicagoBulls" text on the north apron of the court. The lines on the court have been changed from red and white to all black to emphasize the bold colors of the Bulls brand. The four stars from the City of Chicago flag have been added to the south apron of the court to highlight the team's civic pride and incorporate the "Chicago Basketball" branding campaign.

In March 2017, the United Center opened a new 190,000 privately-funded "atrium" addition. The addition featured office space on its second, third, and fourth floors and a gathering place on its first floor which is open to fans and visitors before, during, and after events. The statue of Michael Jordan which formerly sat outside the arena was relocated to the atrium.

In 2019, a new scoreboard manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric was added to United Center. At its unveiling, the scoreboard was the largest and highest-resolution scoreboard in any dual-purpose NHL/NBA arena. The scoreboard has a  display with 4 mm pixel spacing, six independent moving panels, and a continuous inner ring display. New audio and lighting systems were installed alongside the scoreboard upgrade.

Sportsbook Lounge
On February 1, 2022, the United Center and FanDuel Group announced a partnership to develop a sportsbook lounge located next to the United Center atrium. The two story venue will be built out as a non-wagering space complete with FanDuel branding with screens featuring other live sports events. The plan is contingent on approval from The Illinois Gaming Board.

Banners

The following banners hang from the rafters of United Center honoring past and present Bulls and Blackhawks.

Bulls

Championship banners
 1974–75 Midwest Division Champions
 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1995–96*, 1996–97, 1997–98, 2010–11, 2011–12 Central Division Champions
 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98 Eastern Conference Champions
 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998 NBA World Champions
 A banner with the number 72 is hung below the 1995–96 division title to denote the Bulls' then-record 72–10 season.

Blackhawks

Championship banners
 1990–91, 2012–13* Presidents' Trophy Champions
 1966-67 Prince of Wales Trophy Champions
 1969–70 Wales Conference Champions
 1970–71, 1971–72, 1972–73 1991-92 Campbell Conference Champions
 2009–10, 2012–13, 2014–15 Western Conference Champions
 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80 Smythe Division Champions
 1982–83, 1985–86, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1992–93 Norris Division Champions
 2009–10, 2012–13, 2016–2017 Central Division Champions
 1934, 1938, 1961, 2010, 2013, 2015 Stanley Cup Champions
 The banner with the years 2012–13 is hung below the 1990–91 Presidents' Trophy banner, marking the second time the Blackhawks have won the trophy.

Statues

Several statues of Bulls and Blackhawks greats exist inside and around the outside of the arena.

The most well known of these is the statue of Michael Jordan, also known as "The Spirit", on the east side of the arena in an atrium (opened in 2017) outside Gate Four. Originally installed in 1994, during Jordan's first retirement and just after the arena's opening, the statue features Jordan mid-dunk over an opposing player, with his tenures with the Bulls and career stats engraved on the bottom. The statue was initially located directly in front of the arena.

In 2000, in honor of the team's 75th anniversary, a statue of various Blackhawks greats from different eras, along with the franchise's Indian head logo, was erected on the north side of the stadium across Madison Street, near the former Chicago Stadium site. The back of the statue features the names of all Blackhawks players up to that point, along with a marble plaque commemorating Chicago Stadium. In October 2020, the statue was vandalized in protest of the team's use of Native American iconography as a logo and was temporarily removed for repairs.

Blackhawks legends Bobby Hull and Stan Mikita received bronze statues in their honor outside of the United Center during the 2011–12 NHL season.

In 2011, a bronze bust of Bulls great Scottie Pippen was dedicated in the stadium's first floor concourse.

Sponsorship

United Airlines paid about $1.8 million per year in 2014 for its naming rights. United merged with Continental Airlines, right when the 2010–11 NBA and NHL seasons started in October 2010, retaining Continental's logo and corporate look. Despite the tulip logo no longer being used by United Airlines themselves due to the merger, the arena continued to use United's tulip logo the for the 2010–11 season. In the summer of 2011, all the previous United tulip signs were at last replaced with the globe logo to reflect the new identity in time for the 2011-12 NHL and NBA seasons and onwards, nearly a year after the merger and identity change had initially gone into effect by United themselves. Two new lit signs on the east and west ends of the arena saying "United Center" with the United globe in the middle were also revealed below the upper level suites complementing the former "Madhouse" signs on the north and south sides.
In December 2013, it was announced that an agreement had been reached to keep United's naming rights for the arena for another 20 years. The United Center will see a series of updates and upgrades to the interior and exterior of the building. New signage, additional LED boards, and other elements have been added after reaching this agreement. LED screens have been installed on the north side of the arena along with a panoramic LED board on the 300 level, eliminating the "Welcome To The Madhouse" sign.

Anheuser-Busch has also established a sponsorship. They are partners with both the Chicago Bulls and Chicago Blackhawks and have gained rights to signage inside the arena along with a pub.

Seating capacity

Record attendance
Basketball: 24,544 (11 times during the 1996 NBA Playoffs and 1997 NBA Playoffs)
Ice hockey: 22,712, December 26, 2008, vs. Philadelphia Flyers.
Professional wrestling: 23,300, August 29, 1994, at SummerSlam (1994).

See also
List of indoor arenas in the United States

References

External links

Basketball venues in Chicago
Buildings and structures in Chicago
College basketball venues in the United States
Gymnastics venues in Chicago
Indoor ice hockey venues in Chicago
Mixed martial arts venues in Illinois
Music venues in Chicago
National Basketball Association venues
National Hockey League venues
Tennis venues in Chicago
Wrestling venues in Chicago
Sports venues in Chicago
Sports venues completed in 1994
Tourist attractions in Chicago
United Airlines
1994 establishments in Illinois
Wrestling venues in Illinois
Chicago Blackhawks
Chicago Bulls

United Center


Jean-Nicolas Savary, dit Savary jeune, est un bassoniste et facteur français de basson né en  à Guise et mort le  à Paris. Il est considéré comme le créateur du basson français et surnommé le Stradivarius du basson.

Biographie
Jean-Nicolas Savary naît en  à Guise dans l'Aisne. Il est le fils du facteur parisien d'instruments à vent connu sous le nom de Nicolas Savary père (actif de 1778 à 1827 environ).

Jean-Nicolas fait ses études de basson sous la direction de Thomas Delcambre au Conservatoire de Paris, où il obtient un premier prix en 1808.

Il prend le poste de premier basson de l'orchestre du Théâtre-Italien le 9 décembre 1818.

Jean-Nicolas Savary commence probablement à fabriquer des bassons, en association avec son père, en 1816-1817. En 1823, il ouvre son propre atelier et propose la même année un modèle à quinze clefs. Il possède la réputation d'être l'un des meilleurs fabricants de bassons de qualité de son temps. Il fabrique également des bassons quinte (bassons ténor en fa) et un basson octave (qui sonne une octave plus haut).

Ses innovations ont consisté à ajouter des clés (durant sa période d'activité il aura monté des bassons allant de cinq clés jusqu'à dix-sept), introduire des rouleaux qui permettent de glisser d'une clé sur l'autre et apporter d'autres moyens comme la petite branche à coulisse mécanique (crémaillère) ou la culasse à bascule pour faciliter le jeu du bassoniste et améliorer la justesse de l'instrument. Tous les bassons de Savary connus aujourd'hui présentent des clétages mécaniques différents, confirmant la preuve qu'il fabriquait des instruments uniques répondant aux besoins de chaque musicien et à l'état de ses recherches. La seule constante est la perce intérieure de ces bassons, produisant leur timbre caractéristique. Léon Letellier et Édouard Flament soulignent que .

En 1829, son atelier se situe au 64 rue Saint-André des Arts.

Savary meurt le  à Paris.

Instruments
Jean-Nicolas Savary est contemporain de Carl Almenraeder (1786-1843) dont les travaux pour créer le basson allemand ou Fagott sont publiés par le magasin parisien de la maison Schott dès 1826. Ces publications sur l'acoustique du basson comme le Traité sur le perfectionnement du basson (bilingue français/allemand) en 1823 ont très probablement influencé Jean-Nicolas Savary comme l'ont écrit Frédéric Berr dans sa méthode et François-Joseph Fétis dans sa revue.

Pour la qualité de ses instruments, il est surnommé le Stradivarius du basson.

Le tableau de la Méthode complète de basson (Paris, 1836) de Frédéric Berr se base sur le basson à 16 clés,  selon une précision de l'auteur.

Ses bassons continuent à être joués au  et sont utilisés pour des enregistrements. Une copie d'un modèle de 1823 est réalisée par le facteur suisse Walter Bassetto. Le bassoniste Brian Pollard utilise un basson Savary jeune dans le premier enregistrement sur instrument d'époque dHippolyte et Aricie de Jean-Philippe Rameau (1978) et Masahito Tanaka a enregistré les six Sonates de François Devienne, op. 70 (Pavane, 1999) sur le modèle 154 de Savary Jeune datant de 1820 à Paris, le même instrument que celui utilisé par Marc Vallon dans les quintettes à vent d'Antoine Reicha et de Franz Danzi avec le Quintette Biedermeir (Globe, 1994).

Il subsiste plus de soixante bassons marqués Savary jeune dans les musées et les collections privées.

Confusion
Certains éditeurs lui ont attribué à tort les compositions de Jérôme Savari (1819—1870), saxophoniste, compositeur, probable clarinettiste, élève et proche d'Adolphe Sax, devenu chef de musique du  de ligne en 1856 et dont les œuvres sont éditées par Adolphe Sax en 1861 et 1862.

Enregistrements
 Jean Nicolas Savary: The Stradivari of the bassoon, World première recordings on historical bassoon, Lyndon Watts (basson classique), Edoardo Torbianelli (piano-forte) et Marion Treupel-Franck (flûte classique), Pan Classics PC10306, 30 juin 2014.

Notes et références

Bibliographie
 .
 .
 .
 .

Liens externes

Facteur d'instruments à vent
Bassoniste français
Élève du Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Paris
Naissance en septembre 1786
Naissance à Guise
Décès en février 1853
Décès dans l'ancien 10e arrondissement de Paris
Décès à 66 ans

Jean-Nicolas Savary


Orotelli (sardisk: Orotèddi) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Nuoro i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 406 meters højde og har 2.033 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 61,18 km² og grænser til kommunerne Benetutti, Bono, Bottidda, Illorai, Oniferi og Orani.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Nuoro

Orotelli


අසූචි යනු කුඩා අන්ත්‍රයේ දිරවා නොගත් ආහාරවල ඝන හෝ අර්ධ ඝණ නටබුන් වන අතර විශාල අන්ත්‍රයේ බැක්ටීරියා මගින් කැඩී යයි. මළ මූත්‍රාවල බැක්ටීරියාව වෙනස් කරන ලද බිලිරුබින් වැනි පරිවෘත්තීය අපද්‍රව්‍ය සාපේක්ෂ කුඩා ප්‍රමාණයක් සහ අන්ත්‍රයේ ආස්තරයේ මිය ගිය අපිච්ඡද සෛල අඩංගු වේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

අසූචි


The Boot Boys era uma organização neonazista norueguesa de extrema-direita de Bøler, uma área suburbana de Oslo, com conexões com indivíduos em Bergen e Kristiansand. Composto por cerca de 50 membros, era considerado um dos grupos neonazistas mais violentos da Noruega. Eles foram fundados em meados da década de 1990 e desempenharam um papel ativo por muitos anos. O grupo era conhecido por ter visões racistas e xenófobas.  Quando a comunidade neonazista em Bøler foi melhor mobilizada no outono de 2000, ela consistia de 10 a 12 jovens que controlavam uma área restrita. Marchas nas ruas estavam sendo realizadas, enquanto pintavam suásticas nas escolas, bebiam álcool e se acomodavam ao redor do lago Nøklevann. Daniel de Linde foi um dos principais membros do grupo. Outros membros incluíam Joe Erling Jahr e Ole Nicolai Kvisler, que mais tarde foi condenado pelo assassinato de Benjamin Hermansen em 26 de janeiro de 2001.

Racismo
Xenofobia
Grupos terroristas
Neonazismo

Boot Boys


The Venezuelan War of Independence (, 1810–1823) was one of the Spanish American wars of independence of the early nineteenth century, when independence movements in South America fought a civil war for secession and against unity of the Spanish Empire, emboldened by Spain's troubles in the Napoleonic Wars.

The establishment of the Supreme Caracas Junta following the forced deposition of Vicente Emparan as Captain General of the Captaincy General of Venezuela on 19 April 1810, marked the beginnings of the war. On 5 July 1811, seven of the ten provinces of the Captaincy General of Venezuela declared their independence in the Venezuelan Declaration of Independence. The First Republic of Venezuela was lost in 1812 following the 1812 Caracas earthquake and the 1812 Battle of La Victoria. Simón Bolívar led an "Admirable Campaign" to retake Venezuela, establishing the Second Republic of Venezuela in 1813; but this too did not last, falling to a combination of a local uprising and Spanish royalist reconquest. Only as part of Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada in 1819-20 did Venezuela achieve a lasting independence from Spain (initially as part of Gran Colombia).

On 17 December 1819, the Congress of Angostura declared Gran Colombia an independent country. After two more years of war, the country achieved independence from Spain in 1821 under the leadership of Simón Bolívar. Venezuela, along with the  countries of Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador, formed part of the Republic of Gran Colombia until 1830, when Venezuela separated and became a sovereign state.

First Republic (1810–1812)

The French invasion of Spain in 1808 led to the fall of the Spanish Monarchy. Most subjects of Spain did not accept the government of Joseph Bonaparte, placed on the Spanish throne by his brother, Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte of France. At the same time, the process of creating a stable government in Spain, which would be widely recognized throughout the empire, took two years. (See Junta (Peninsular War).) This created a power vacuum in the Spanish possessions in America, which created further political uncertainty. On April 19, 1810 the municipal council of Caracas headed a successful movement to depose the Spanish Governor and Captain-General, Vicente Emparán. A junta was established in Caracas, and soon other Venezuelan provinces followed suit. The reverberations of this act of independence could be felt throughout Venezuela almost immediately. Across Venezuela, towns and cities decided to either side with the movement based in Caracas or not, and de facto civil war ensued throughout much of Venezuela. The Caracas Junta called for a congress of Venezuelan provinces to establish a government for the region. Initially, both the Junta and Congress upheld the "rights of Ferdinand VII," meaning that they recognized themselves to still be part of the Spanish Monarchy, but had established a separate government due to the French invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. As Congress deliberated, a faction proposing outright independence quickly won favor.  Persons such as Francisco de Miranda, a long-term Venezuelan expatriate, and Simón Bolívar, a young, Criollo aristocrat—both influenced by Age of Enlightenment ideas and the example of the French Revolution—led the movement. The Congress declared Venezuela's independence on 5 July 1811, establishing the Republic of Venezuela.

Even before the Congress began its sessions in November 1810, a civil war started between those who supported the juntas, and eventually independence, and royalists who wanted to maintain the union with Spain.  Two provinces, Maracaibo Province and Guayana Province, and one district, Coro, never recognized the Caracas Junta and remained loyal to the governments in Spain. Military expeditions to bring Coro and Guayana under the control of the Republic failed. In 1811 an uprising in Valencia against the Republic was successfully suppressed. By 1812 the situation increasingly became aggravated for the young Republic. It was short of funds, Spanish Regency set up a blockade (although it was easily bypassed by British and American merchant ships), and, shortly after, on 26 March 1812, a devastating earthquake affected republican areas. In these desperate moments, Miranda was given dictatorial powers, nevertheless, he was unable to stem the royalist advance headed by Captain Domingo de Monteverde. By midyear, after the Battle of La Victoria, the Republic collapsed. Miranda capitulated to Monteverde and signed an armistice on 25 July 1812.

Second Republic (1813–1814)

Bolívar and other republicans continued the resistance from other parts of the Spanish South America and the Caribbean, or organized guerrilla movements in the interior of the country.  In 1813 Bolívar joined the army of United Provinces of New Granada. After winning a series of battles, Bolívar received the approval of the New Granadan Congress to lead a liberating force into Venezuela in what became known as the Admirable Campaign. At the same time, Santiago Mariño invaded from the northeast in an independently organized campaign. Both forces quickly defeated the royalist troops in various battles, such as Alto de los Godos. Bolívar entered Caracas on 6 August 1813, proclaiming the restoration of the Venezuelan Republic and his supreme leadership of it, something which was not fully recognized by Mariño based in Cumaná, although the two leaders did cooperate militarily.

In the viceroyalties of La Plata and New Granada the Creoles displaced the Spanish authorities with relative ease, as Caracas had done at first. The autonomous movement swept through New Granada, but the country remained politically disunited. Bogotá inherited the role of capital from Spain, but the royalists were entrenched in southern Colombia (Popayán and Pasto). Cali was a bastion of the independence movement just north of royalist territory. Cartagena declared independence not only from Spain but also from Bogotá. Bolívar arrived in Cartagena and was well received, as he was later in Bogotá, where he joined the army of the United Provinces of New Granada. He recruited a force and invaded Venezuela from the southwest, by crossing the Andes (1813). His chief lieutenant was the headstrong José Félix Ribas. In Trujillo, an Andean province, Bolívar emitted his infamous Decree of War to the Death with which he hoped to get the pardos and any mantuano who was having second thoughts on his side. At the time that Bolívar was victorious in the west, Santiago Mariño and Manuel Piar, a pardo from the Dutch island of Curaçao, were successfully fighting royalists in eastern Venezuela. Quickly losing ground (much as Miranda had a year earlier) Monteverde took refuge in Puerto Cabello, and Bolívar occupied Caracas, re-establishing the Republic, with two "states", one in the west headed by Bolívar and one in the east headed by Mariño.

But neither the successful invasions nor Bolívar's decree were provoking a massive enrollment of pardos in the cause of Independence. Rather it was the other way around. In the Llanos a populist Spanish immigrant caudillo, José Tomás Boves, initiated a widespread pardo movement against the restored Republic. Bolívar and Ribas held and defended the mantuano-controlled center of Venezuela. In the east, the royalists started recovering territory. After suffering a setback, Mariño and Bolívar joined their forces, but they were defeated by Boves in 1814. Republicans were forced to evacuate Caracas and flee to the east, where, in the port of Carúpano, Piar was still holding out. Piar, however, did not accept Bolívar's supreme command, and once again Bolívar left Venezuela and went to New Granada (1815). (See Bolívar in New Granada).

Resistance to the Republic this time came from the people of the vast southern plains, the Llaneros, who organized under the command of Spanish immigrant, José Tomás Boves. The war was transformed. The Llaneros had a dislike for the urban and elite Criollos who led the independence movement.  Negroes were supplied with maps and lists of rebel plantations by royalists. The Llanero army routed the patriots in the center of the country. Finally Boves marched towards Caracas, forcing the Republicans to flee to the east of the country, ending the second republic.

The traditional image of the Venezuelan llanos swarming with caudillos like Boves exaggerates the situation. Boves was the only significant pro-Spain caudillo and he was acting in concert with Francisco Tomás Morales, who was a regular officer of Spain. In the Battle of Urica, Boves was killed and Morales took command and carried out mopping up operations against the remaining patriot resistance, which included the capture and execution of Ribas. As was still common in the early 19th century, Morales had his head boiled in oil (to preserve it) and sent to Caracas. (See the Execution of Miguel Hidalgo in Mexico.) Boves died shortly thereafter in battle, but the country had been returned to royalist control. Morillo arrived in Venezuela and began operations with Morales.

Spanish reconquest of New Granada (1815–1816)

In Spain, anti-French forces had liberated the country, and the restored Ferdinand VII sent a large expeditionary force to Venezuela and New Granada under Pablo Morillo, who had distinguished himself during Spain's War of Independence.

Royalist forces under Morillo and Morales captured Cartagena and Bogotá in 1816. Before leaving for New Granada Morillo had decommissioned most of the irregular forces that had fought under Boves, except those that he took to New Granada. With little prospects, some pardos and llaneros began to join the rebellions that were breaking out against Spanish rule in the broad plains of southern Venezuela. In the meantime, Bolívar chose to sail to Jamaica to enlist British aid, which was refused. From there, he went to Haiti, which had been the first Latin American republic to become independent. With the support of the Haitian president Alexandre Pétion and with the naval aid of Luis Brión, another émigré, who was a merchant from Curaçao, Bolívar returned to Margarita Island, a secure republican redoubt, but his command of the republican forces was still not firm. Mariño, who had come back with Bolívar from Haiti, headed his own expeditions and succeeded in temporarily capturing Cumaná in 1817. With Brión supplying a small fleet, Bolívar sailed west along the Venezuelan coast to Ocumare de la Costa (the Expedition of Los Cayos), where, in fulfillment of Pétion's request, he officially proclaimed the end of slavery (although this went unheeded). Morales, back in Venezuela after subduing New Granada, attacked the republican expeditionary force with an army that vastly outnumbered the republicans. Bolívar fled, sailing once again to Haiti with Brión. However, Piar and Gregor MacGregor, a Scottish soldier of fortune, who had previously been active in New Granada, managed to escape with their forces into the interior of the country, defeating Morales at El Juncal in September 1816 before moving south to Guayana.

Boves's locally raised Llanero army was replaced in 1815 by a formal expedition sent from Spain under the leadership of Pablo Morillo. It was the largest expedition the Spanish had ever sent to the Americas. Venezuela's proximity to Cuba, Puerto Rico and Spain made it the first target of the royalist counterattack. The Llaneros were either demobilized or incorporated into the expeditionary units. The republican patriots found themselves once more dispersed, and again the war took a local character. Different patriot guerrilla bands formed, but could not agree on a united leadership, much less a united strategy. One group of patriots launched an expedition to eastern Venezuela that ended in failure. Bolívar thereafter sought to join forces with Manuel Piar, another patriot leader but differences between them prevented a united republican front.  Bolívar then went to the Llanos where he joined forces with José Antonio Páez, but a failed attack on central Venezuela forced Bolivar to retreat back to Apure.  Morillo counterattacked successfully but was defeated at the Battle of Las Queseras del Medio. A long-term stalemate ensued in which the royalists controlled the highly populated, urban north and the republicans the vast, under-populated plains of the south.

Stalemate (1816–1819)
Bolívar and Brión returned and tried in 1817 to capture Barcelona, where the Spaniards repulsed them. In the meantime, Piar and Mariño had occupied defenceless Angostura (a city at the narrowest and deepest part of the Orinoco River, hence its name, subsequently changed to Ciudad Bolívar), to where Bolívar headed and was chosen as supreme leader of the independence movement. (It was at this time that Bolívar ordered the addition of a new star for Guayana to the seven stars on the Venezuelan flag, which represented the number of provinces that originally had favored independence. Since Bolívar played a central role in the symbolism of the Venezuelan government led by Chávez, this long-forgotten change was revived in the 2006 revision to the flag.) Once in Guayana, Bolívar quickly cashiered Piar, who had been trying (or was accused of trying—historians still debate this) to form a pardo force of his own, by having him arrested and executed after a court martial in which Brión was one of the judges. British veterans of the Napoleonic wars began arriving in Venezuela, where they formed the nucleus of what later became known as the British Legion. Morillo returned to Caracas and Morales was given troops to dominate eastern Venezuela, which he did successfully. Francisco de Paula Santander, a New Granadan who had retreated to the llanos after Morillo's invasion, met with Bolívar and agreed to join forces. Morillo's other lieutenant, the second in command of the expeditionary force, Miguel de la Torre, was ordered to put down a significant rebellion in the llanos of Apure led by José Antonio Páez. At the time in the Southern Cone of South America, José de San Martín had concluded the liberation of Chile with the essential support of the Chilean Bernardo O'Higgins.

The year 1818 saw a stalemate between the patriots based in Angostura (and free-wheeling in part of the llanos) and Morillo (entrenched in Caracas, triumphant in eastern Venezuela, and operating in the llanos as far as Apure). This is the time during which (according to Marx), Bolívar dilly-dallied and lost one skirmish after another, also saying that European officers in Angostura were egging him on to attack the center of Venezuela. (Bolívar did attempt to do so, but suffered defeat at La Puerta.) At the time James Rooke did in fact command over 1,000 European soldiers within Bolívar's army in Venezuela. But Morillo had larger forces, and not just of Spanish line troops but also of pardos still loyal to the Spanish crown.

In 1819 Bolívar proclaimed the republic of Great Colombia, which included Venezuela and New Granada. New volunteers arrived in Venezuela, though most, like those that preceded them, were in essence mercenaries probably under the illusion that there were fortunes to be made in Venezuela, which was hardly the case. There is no evidence that the British government was backing them, but since Spain was no longer a British ally, it was not hindering them either. In Europe, generally, Bolívar's name was known as was the Spanish American movement for independence, which had the sympathy of every liberal-minded person, as did the independence of Greece, then also in the process of emancipation. Morillo had his hands full and pardos were starting to look towards patriot leaders. Campaigns in eastern Venezuela began turning the tide for independence and in the llanos Páez defeated Morillo and Morales in Apure. This cleared the way for Bolívar and Santander to invade New Granada, where, in Pantano de Vargas, the Spaniards were defeated in a battle in which the British Legion played a central role and its commander, Rooke, was killed in action. In the battle of Boyacá (1819), Spanish power was crushed in New Granada, except in the south. Páez occupied Barinas and, from New Granada, Bolívar invaded Venezuela.

Consolidation of independence

In 1819, to break this impasse Bolívar invaded New Granada, which had been reconquered by Morillo's expeditionary force three years earlier. Bolívar decisively defeated the royalists at Boyacá. With the liberation of New Granada, the republicans had a significant base from which to attack Morillo's forces. A republican Congress at Angostura (today Ciudad Bolívar), which already had a small New Granada delegation, declared the union of New Granada and Venezuela in a Republic of Colombia (the Gran Colombia of contemporary accounts) to present a united front against the Spanish Monarchy.

In 1821, the Gran Colombian army won a decisive victory at the second Battle of Carabobo, after which the only cities in the hands of the royalist forces were Cumaná, which fell shortly thereafter, and Puerto Cabello, which managed to resist a siege before finally capitulating in October 1823.

Aftermath
The Spanish sent a fleet in 1823 to reconquer the country but were defeated at the Battle of Lake Maracaibo. In the following years Venezuelan forces, as part of the army of Gran Colombia, continued campaigning under the leadership of Bolívar to liberate the southern parts of New Granada and Ecuador. Once this was accomplished, Gran Colombia continued its fight against the Spanish in Peru and Bolivia, completing the efforts of Chilean and Argentine patriots, such as José de San Martín, who liberated southern South America.

See also

 Military career of Simón Bolívar
 Simón Bolívar
 Eulalia Ramos
 Spanish American wars of independence
 Latin American wars of independence
 Venezuelan Independence

References

Further reading
 Harvey, Robert. Liberators: Latin America`s Struggle For Independence, 1810-1830. John Murray, London (2000).

History of Venezuela
19th century in the Spanish Empire
1810s in South America
1810s in Venezuela
1810s in Haiti
1820s in Gran Colombia
1819 in Gran Colombia
1820 in Gran Colombia
Independence
Wars involving Haiti
Wars involving Colombia
Wars involving Spain

Venezuelan War of Independence


{{Takso memeli
| ad = İber vaşağı
| statü = CR
| trend = down
| resim = Linces19.jpg
| alem = Animalia  (Hayvanlar)
| şube = Chordata (Kordalılar)
| sınıf = Mammalia (Memeliler)
| takım = Carnivora (Etçiller)
| alttakım = Feliformia (Kedimsiler)
| familya = Felidae (Kedigiller)
| altfamilya = Felinae (Küçük kediler)
| cins = Lynx  (Vaşak)
| tür = L. pardinus
| ikili_ad = Lynx pardinus
| ikili_ad_yazar = Temminck, 1827
| harita = Mapa distribuicao lynx pardinus defasado.png
| harita_bilgi = Dağılımı
| diğer_adları = Pardel vaşağı, İspanyol vaşağı
| dış_bağlantılar =
}}İber vaşağı''' (Lynx pardinus), kedigiller (Felidae) familyasından  İspanya ve Portekiz'de yaşayan çok ender bir vaşak türü.

 Özellikler
İber vaşakları görümüm olarak Avrasya vaşağına çok benzerler ama önemli ölçüde daha küçüktürler. 12 kg vücut ağırlıklarıyla bir Avrasya vaşağı ağırlığının üçte ikisinden biraz daha hafiftirler. Postları kuzeydeki akrabasından genelde daha belirgin ve güçlü şekilde lekelidir. Bunların dışında iber vaşağı, tüm tipik vaşak özelliklerine sahiptir. Kısa kuyruk, fırça tüylü kulaklar, kısa güçlü vücut ve uzun bacaklar.

 Yaşam alanı
Başlangıçtaki dağılım tüm İspanya ve Portekiz üzerinde uzanıyordu. Bugün yaklaşık 100 birey, birbirinden az ayrılmış popülasyon olarak İber Yarımadası üzerinde dağınık olarak yaşar. Yalnız iber vaşakları, Portekiz  Algarve'de, kalanlar İspanya'da yaşar. Her iki büyük popülasyon, Milli park Coto de Doñana ve Sierra de Andújar, Jaén'de yaşar.

Tercih edilen habitat ağaçları olan açık arazidir. İber vaşakları, Avrasya vaşaklarından çok daha az orman hayvanı olarak göze çarpar. İber vaşaklarının bugün genelde dağlarda yaşaması, habitat olarak yüksek konumları tercih etmelerine değil, güçlü kovuşturma ve zulüme dayanmaktadır.

 Yaşam tarzı
İber vaşakları geceleri aktif yalnız dolaşan hayvanlardır. Başlıca avları, besinlerinin neredeyse % 95 ini oluşturan yaban tavşanlarıdır. İber vaşakları, tavşan mevcudiyetine bu kadar bağımlı olmasından, tavşanların popülasyonlarındaki oynamalar, vaşakların mevcudiyetinde hak eden bir etkiye sahiptir. Yaygın tavşan salgını myxomatosis (tavşan vebası), vaşakların nüfuslarına dolaylı olarak tehdit eder.

Besinlerinin geri kalan % 5 i, kuşlar ve kemirgenlerden oluşur. Bunlar ancak sadece, eğer yaban tavşanı mevcut olmadığı zamanlarda yenir.

 İnsan himayesi
Şu anda esaret altında 15 vaşak vardır. Mart 2005'te insani himaye ile iber vaşağı üretmek, dişi vaşak Sally'' ile başarılı olmuş,  Milli Park Coto de Doñana'nın üretim istasyonunda 3 yavru vaşak dünyaya gelmiştir. Mart 2006'da Sally, 2 yavru dünyaya getirerek ikinci kez anne olur.

Dış bağlantılar
 The Iberian Lynx Emergency
 A BBC report on the population decline
 IUCN species information
 About the birth of the cubs in captivity
  ARKive İber vaşağı (Lynx pardinus) fotografları

Kaynakça

Nesli kritik tehlikedeki hayvanlar
Nesli tükenme tehlikesi altındaki hayvanlar
Avrupa'daki tehlikedeki biyota
Vaşak
İspanya'daki memeliler
Endemik fauna
İber Yarımadası endemik hayvanları
Avrasya megafaunası

İber vaşağı


Tom Elling (født 1. september 1946, død 28. september 2023) var en dansk maler og filmfotograf.

Elling blev uddannet som filmfotograf på Den Danske Filmskole i årene 1979 til 1982. Han har været fotograf på Lars von Triers "Forbrydelsens element". Hans egen spillefilm fra 1990 "Perfect world" blev en dårlig sælgende film. Elling tilhørte gruppen af danske avantgardekunstnere, der i midten af 1970erne gik ind for den konceptuelle kunst. Ellings projekter, der ofte opstod i et samarbejde med andre kunstnere som blandt andet Tommy Matthiesen, Niels Lomholt og Peter Laugesen. Et eksempel på hans avantgardekunst er projektet "Mr. Klein" (1976-81) om en mand, der kaster sig ud af et vindue.

Filmografi

 Nattegn (1998)
 Nattegn - en film om Peter Laugesen (1997)
 Tranceformer (1997)
 Autonom (1996)
 H.C. Andersen på kirkegården (1996)
 Guldalder (1993)
 Viktor og Viktoria (1993)
 Perfect world (1990)
 Kys mor, skat! (1990)
 En afgrund af frihed (1989)
 Fejemanden og friheden (1988)
 Lysets fravær (1987)
 Moment By Moment (1986)
 Før gæsterne kommer (1986)
 En meget gammel herre med kæmpestore vinger (1986)
 Niels Bohr (1985)
 Ofelia kommer til byen (1985)
 Forbrydelsens element (1984)
 Rainfox (1984)
 Befrielsesbilleder (1982)
 Den sidste detalje (1981)
 Nocturne (1981)

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Filmfotografer fra Danmark
Malere fra Danmark

Tom Elling


Patrick John O'Hara Scott (* 1. November 1930 in Bristol) ist ein britischer Filmkomponist.

Leben
Scott arbeitete nach seiner Ausbildung als Band-Musiker und Arrangeur. Er war unter anderem an den Schallplattenaufnahmen der Hollies beteiligt, erlangte Anerkennung als Flötist und verfügte mit dem Johnny Scott Quintet über eine eigene Jazz-Combo. Zum Film stieß er als Musiker für John Barrys frühe Filmkompositionen.

1965 machte er sich als Komponist wie auch als musikalischer Leiter selbstständig. Er intonierte zahlreiche Unterhaltungsfilme und Fernsehproduktionen und komponierte vielfach die Musik zu Werbeclips. Im selben Jahr spielte er in dem Beatles Song "You've Got To Hide Your Love Away" Flöte. Mit JOS im Besitz einer eigenen Plattenfirma, nahm er mehrere Schallplatten mit bekannten Sängern wie Tom Jones und Shirley Bassey auf.

Filmmusik (Auswahl)
 1965: Sherlock Holmes' größter Fall (A Study in Terror)
 1967: Sumuru – Die Tochter des Satans  (The Million Eyes of Su-Muru)
 1967: Der Fremde im Haus (Stranger in the House)
 1967: Zirkus des Todes (Berserk!)
 1967: Der Kampf (The Long Duel)
 1967: Tolldreiste Kerle in rasselnden Raketen (Jules Verne's Rocket to the Moon)
 1969: Gauner, Kronen und Juwelen (Crooks and Coronets)
 1970: Der Amerikaner (Twinky)
 1970: Das Ungeheuer (Trog)
 1971: Ferien in der Hölle (Wake in Fright)
 1972: Das zweite Kommando (The Jerusalem File)
 1972: Antonius und Cleopatra (Antony and Cleopatra)
 1972: Doomwatch – Insel des Schreckens (Doomwatch)
 1973: Hexen – geschändet und zu Tode gequält
 1974: Begrabt die Wölfe in der Schlucht (Billy Two Hats)
 1974: Craze – Dämon des Grauens (Craze)
 1974: Das Chaos-Duo (S*P*Y*S)
 1975: Codewort Hennessy (Hennessy)
 1975: Bleib mir ja vom Leib (That Lucky Touch)
 1976: Teufelsbrut – Sklaven des Satans (Satan's Slave)
 1977: Caprona 2. Teil (The People That Time Forgot)
 1978: Blutiges Elfenbein (Bloody Ivory)
 1977–1978: Cousteau – Abenteuer Ozean (The Cousteau Odyssey), 10 Folgen
 1979: Die Bullen von Dallas (North Dallas Forty)
 1980: Operation Eiffelturm (The Hostage Tower)
 1980: Der letzte Countdown (The Final Countdown)
 1981: Samen des Bösen (Inseminoid)
 1983: Einer gegen das Imperium (Il mondo di Yor)
 1984: Greystoke – Die Legende von Tarzan, Herr der Affen (Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes)
 1985: Die letzte Jagd (The Shooting Party)
 1986: Rebell der Wüste (Harem)
 1986: King Kong lebt (King Kong Lives)
 1987: Kreuzfeuer der Agenten (The Whistle Blower)
 1987: Mann unter Feuer (Man on Fire)
 1988: Mörderischer Vorsprung (Shoot to Kill)
 1988: Platoon to Hell (Dog Tags)
 1988: Die Täuscher (The Deceivers)
 1989: Winter People – Wie ein Blatt im Wind (Winter People)
 1989: Black Rainbow – Schwarzer Regenbogen (Black Rainbow)
 1989: Die Mörder warten schon (Red King, White Knight)
 1990: Leon (Lionheart)
 1990: König der Winde (King of the Wind)
 1991: Die Abenteuer des Samurai (Kabuto)
 1992: Jack Ruby – Im Netz der Mafia (Ruby)
 1993: Der Fall Lucona
 1995: Gefährliche Wildnis (Far from Home: The Adventures of Yellow Dog)
 1995: Die Rembrandt-Connection (Night Watch)
 1996: Tashunga – Gnadenlose Verfolgung (North Star)
 1996: Deadly Voyage – Treibgut des Todes (Deadly Voyage)
 1997: Auf der Spur des großen Bären (Walking Thunder)
 1997: 20.000 Meilen unter dem Meer (20,000 Leagues Under the Sea)
 1997: Das zweite Dschungelbuch – Mowglis neue Abenteuer (The Second Jungle Book: Mowgli & Baloo)
 1998: The Scarlet Tunic
 1998: Allein auf der Pirateninsel (The New Swiss Family Robinson)
 2003: Kleine Wunden (Petites coupures)

Literatur
 Kay Weniger: Das große Personenlexikon des Films. Die Schauspieler, Regisseure, Kameraleute, Produzenten, Komponisten, Drehbuchautoren, Filmarchitekten, Ausstatter, Kostümbildner, Cutter, Tontechniker, Maskenbildner und Special Effects Designer des 20. Jahrhunderts. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-89602-340-3.

Weblinks

Filmkomponist
Jazz-Flötist
Musikproduzent
Komponist (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Brite
Geboren 1930
Mann

John Scott (Komponist)


Begonia hirtella é uma espécie de planta do grupo Begonia decrita em 1822 por Heinrich Friedrich Link. É nativa, mas não endêmica, do Brasil.

Conservação
A espécie faz parte da Lista Vermelha das espécies ameaçadas do estado do Espírito Santo, no sudeste do Brasil.

hirtella
Flora do Espírito Santo (estado)
Espécies citadas na Lista Vermelha de Ameaça da Flora Brasileira
Espécies citadas na Lista de Espécies da Flora Ameaçadas do Espírito Santo
Plantas descritas em 1822

Begonia hirtella


Groß Pampau er en kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Schwarzenbek-Land i den sydvestlige del af Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg. Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg ligger i delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Kommunen ligger 6 km øst for Schwarzenbek, omkring 34 km øst for Hamburg, og 12 kilometer sydvest for Mölln.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2014 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg

Groß Pampau


The coat of arms of Australia, officially called the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, is a formal symbol of the Commonwealth of Australia. It depicts a shield, containing symbols of Australia's six states, and is held up by native Australian animals, the kangaroo and the emu. The seven-pointed Commonwealth Star surmounting the crest also represents the states and territories, while golden wattle, the national floral emblem, appears below the shield.

The first arms were authorised by King Edward VII on 7 May 1908, and the current version by King George V on 19 September 1912, although the 1908 version continued to be used in some contexts, notably appearing on the reverse of the sixpenny coin.

Design
The escutcheon is the focal point of the coat of arms, contained within is the badge of each Australian state, the whole surrounded by an ermine border representing the federation of the states.

In the top half, from left to right, the states represented are: New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. In the bottom half, from left to right: South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania. Above the shield is the seven-pointed Commonwealth Star or Star of Federation above a blue and gold wreath, forming the crest. Six of the points on the star represent the original six states, while the seventh point represents the combined territories and any future states of Australia. In its entirety the shield represents the federation of Australia.

The red kangaroo and emu that support the shield have never been designated as official animal emblems of the nation. They owe their unofficial recognition to the fact that they are endemic Australian fauna (found only on that continent), and likely chosen because they are the most well-known native Australian animals large enough to be positioned together in scale holding up the shield. They were chosen to symbolise a nation moving forward, based on the fact that neither animal can move backwards easily – i.e. symbolising progress. Director of the Parliament House Art Collection, Justine Van Mourik has claimed that the kangaroo is, and must be seen to be, male, and this requirement led to a interpretation by John Coburn of the coat of arms for Parliament house to be rejected.

In the background is wreath of golden wattle, the official national floral emblem, though the representation of the species is not botanically accurate. At the bottom is a scroll that contains the name of the nation. Neither the wreath of wattle nor the scroll are technically part of the design, because they are not described on the Royal Warrant that grants the armorial design.

Blazon
The official blazon of the Commonwealth was included within a Royal Warrant of King George V on 19 September 1912, making the Arms officially adopted. The blazon is as follows:

History

Following the federation of Australia, the first official coat of arms of Australia was granted by King Edward VII on 7 May 1908. The original design is thought to have been inspired by the 1805 Bowman Flag, which showed the rose, shamrock and thistle supported by a kangaroo and emu.

It consisted of a shield in the centre, the seven pointed star on a wreath as the crest above it, and a kangaroo and an emu using its foot to help the kangaroo to support the shield, all on a bed of green grass with a scroll containing the motto "Advance Australia". The selection of the kangaroo, the emu and the words, "Advance Australia" were tied together symbolically. The shield had a white background, with a red cross of Saint George, blue lines outside the cross, and a blue border containing six inescutcheons featuring a red chevron on white, representing the six states. The Scottish Patriotic Association was vocally opposed to the shield's design, noting that it should display the Union Jack to represent British and Irish settlers.     These arms were used by the government and appeared on the sixpence coin from 1910 until 1963, and the threepence, shilling and florin from 1910 to 1936.

The 1908 arms were redesigned in 1911, and officially granted by George V on 19 September 1912. The redesign spurred much debate in Parliament. The Member for Wentworth, Willie Kelly, said:
The emu and kangaroo are so built that they hardly fit into the heraldic atmosphere, and I think we make ourselves ridiculous when we endeavour to carry on the traditions of the Old World with some of the wild creations of our Australian fauna.

Despite objections, the kangaroo and emu now not having its leg up remained the shield bearers in the new coat of arms and were modified to appear more realistic. The principal reason for the redesign was the concern that Australia's states were not individually represented; that was achieved by showing each state's heraldic badge on the shield. The new coat of arms removed the bed of grass beneath the shield and changed the scroll to read simply "Australia". The colours in the wreath were also changed from blue and white to blue and gold. A background of two sprays of golden wattle was added, but it has never been an official part of the armorial bearings, even though the golden wattle was proclaimed Australia's national flower on 19 August 1988 by the Governor-General Sir Ninian Stephen.

The use of each state's badge had been a feature of the first Great Seal of Australia, introduced on 21 January 1904, where they surrounded the UK Royal Arms; according to Charles R. Wylie, badges were used because South Australia and Western Australia did not yet have coats of arms.

Use

The Commonwealth Coat of Arms is the formal symbol of the Commonwealth of Australia that signifies Commonwealth authority and ownership. The Arms are used by Australian Government departments and agencies, statutory and non-statutory authorities, the Parliament and Commonwealth courts and tribunals. Senators and Federal Members of the Australian Parliament may also use the Arms in the course of their duties as Parliamentarians. The coat of arms should never be used where it could wrongly imply a formal guarantee, sponsorship or endorsement by the Commonwealth. Use of the arms by private citizens or organisations is rarely permitted; however, there are provisions for use by sporting bodies and in educational publications. Use of the coat of arms without permission may breach the Competition and Consumer Act 2010, section 145.1 of the Criminal Code Act 1995 or section 39(2) of the Trade Marks Act 1995. The import of goods bearing the arms is also illegal according to the Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations.

There is a full colour version and nine heraldically correct official versions exist for single-colour reproduction.

The coat of arms is the basis of the King's Personal Australian Flag, and since 1973 a slightly modified version has formed the basis of the Great Seal of Australia.

The coat of arms has appeared on Australian coinage since the coins for the Australian pound were minted in the early 20th century. Until 1936, the 1908 coat of arms featured on the reverse of all silver coins in regular circulation(3d, 6d, 1'/, 2'/). After 1936, the current coat of arms was featured on the reverse of the Florin (2'/), while the 1908 arms remained on the sixpence (6d). Since decimalisation in 1966, the current coat of arms has featured on the reverse of both variants of the 50-cent coin.

The coat of arms is used as badge of rank for Warrant Officers Class 1 (Army) and Warrant Officer (Navy and Air Force). A more stylised version is used as a badge of rank for Warrant Officer of the Navy, Regimental Sergeant Major of the Army and Warrant Officer of the Air Force.

States and territories

Cities

Coins

See also

 Flag of Australia
 National colours of Australia
 Australian heraldry

References

External links
 Official website with more information
 National Archives of Australia. Papers relating to the Commonwealth Coat of Arms
 Online Exhibition commemorating the Centenary of the NSW Coat of Arms 1906–2006 The designer of the NSW Coat of Arms, William Gullick, was also involved in the creation of the Australian Coat of Arms

Australia
Australia
National symbols of Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia

Coat of arms of Australia


Bayamo, Küba'nın Granma ili'nin merkezi ve Oriente bölgesinin en büyük şehirlerinden biridir.

Bayamo 5 Kasım 1513'te Bayamo nehrinin kıyısında kurulmuştur. 1827'de şehir statüsüne erişmiştir. Şehir şiddetli Bayamo rüzgârından etkilenmektedir.

Belediye'nin diğer bölümleri Arroyo Blanco, Barrancas, Bueycito, Cauto, Cayamas, Cristo, Dátil, Guamo, Guisa, Hornos, Julia, Laguna Blanca, La Sal, San Juan ve Veguita'dır.

Dış bağlantılar
 Bayamo sitesi (İspanyolca)

Küba'daki şehirler

Bayamo


Manuel María Juan Nepomuceno De La Santísima Trinidad García Rejón Mazó, mejor conocido simplemente como Manuel García Rejón (Campeche, Capitanía General de Yucatán, Nueva España; 16 de mayo de 1819 - Matamoros, Tamaulipas; 28 de abril de 1864) fue un abogado, político y escritor mexicano, que fungió como secretario general de gobierno de Nuevo León en el gobierno de Santiago Vidaurri, siendo uno de sus más cercanos colaboradores. Lo siguió a todas partes, incluso cuando aquel se había unido al imperio. Al final fue fusilado por órdenes del general Juan Cortina.

Carrera política

Nació en la ciudad de Campeche, en la Capitanía General de Yucatán (hoy estado de Campeche), el 16 de mayo de 1819 siendo el menor de los hijos de Don José Joaquín García Rejón y de Doña María Bernarda Mazó, ambos originarios de Yucatán. Fue enviado a la Ciudad de México a realizar estudios de preparatoria y jurisprudencia hasta obtener el título de abogado. Allá mismo se casó con doña María Mercedes Piñón, con quien tuvo 4 hijos.

Fue nombrado promotor fiscal del Juzgado de Distrito el 1 de febrero de 1850, ejerciendo la jurisdicción comprendida por los estados de Nuevo León, Coahuila y Tamaulipas, con sede en Monterrey. Suspendido por el gobierno de Santa Anna, en 1855 fue restituido en el cargo. En México había hecho campaña escribiendo en El Monitor y en otros periódicos a favor del gobernador Santiago Vidaurri y en contra del clero.

Constantemente le escribía a Vidaurri conminándole a unirse con Tamaulipas y Coahuila para poder triunfar en contra del despotismo de Santa Anna: "El terreno político está demasiado fangoso y para dar un paso se necesita afirmar bien el pie, para no hundirse". Deseó formar parte de la comisión que encabezaba Ignacio Ramírez para entrevistar a Vidaurri. Logró volver a Monterrey en 1856, y fue nombrado secretario general de gobierno, llegando a tener un gran influjo en la política de Santiago Vidaurri.

Al caer Vidaurri en 1859 por la ocupación del estado por Aramberri, García Rejón salió también a las ciudades fronterizas y al sur de Texas, pero volvió en 1860 cuando el Lic. Domingo Martínez se hizo cargo del gobierno. Con motivo de la muerte del general Juan Zuazua, García Rejón hizo prudentes sugestiones a Vidaurri.

Actividades periodísticas
García Rejón fue director y redactor del Boletín Oficial donde escribió candentes artículos liberales. En 1863 publicó La Revista de Nuevo León y Coahuila, en cuadernos de más o menos 100 hojas cada uno, con "literatura de entretenimiento", pero con abundantes documentos de carácter histórico regional.

Publicó los documentos de la fundación de Monterrey, los de Montemorelos y los de Cadereyta Jiménez, en folletos especiales. Lamentablemente los documentos los dio originales a Agustín Quintero, emisario separatista de los Estados Unidos, así como uno de los manuscritos de la Crónica de Alonso de León. De la Revista... se conservan ejemplares en la Biblioteca del Tecnológico de Monterrey y en la de la Universidad de Texas, en Austin.

Muerte
Manuel García Rejón murió fusilado en Matamoros, Tamaulipas, el 28 de abril de 1864, tras ser capturado por el general Juan Cortina. En el Archivo Municipal de Monterrey (Civil Vol. 299, exp. 7) hay una causa promovida por doña María Mercedes Piñón, su viuda, sobre sus propiedades en esa ciudad, y en el Archivo General del Estado existe su correspondencia con Vidaurri (Exp. 194).

Referencias

Bibliografía

Nacidos en San Francisco de Campeche
Abogados de Campeche
Diputados de la II Legislatura de México
Diputados de la III Legislatura de México
Políticos de Nuevo León
Escritores de Nuevo León
Historiadores de México
Ejecutados de México
Políticos ejecutados
Fallecidos en Heroica Matamoros

Manuel García Rejón


Christoph Paul Daum (d. 24 Ekim 1953, Oelsnitz, Erzgeb, Doğu Almanya), Alman teknik direktör ve eski futbolcudur. Almanya, Türkiye ve Avusturya'da lig şampiyonlukları yaşadı. Türkiye'de yıllarca görev yapıp Beşiktaş ve Fenerbahçe'yi şampiyon yaptı. Türkiye'de en son Bursaspor'u çalıştırdı.

Futbolculuk Kariyeri

Daum, futbola 1971 yılında Sportfreunde Hamborn 07 takımında başladı. Bir sezon burada futbol oynadıktan sonra 3 sezon boyunca Eintracht Duisburg forması giydi. 1975'te 22 yaşındayken Köln II takımına transfer oldu. Daum'un buradaki en büyük başarısı 1981'de kazandıkları Almanya Amatör Şampiyonluğu oldu. Daum ise final maçında forma giymemişti. O sezon sonunda 28 yaşında futbol hayatına son verdi.

Teknik Direktörlük Kariyeri

Teknik direktörlük lisansını aldıktan sonra 1981 yılında amatör olarak çalışmaya başladı. Teknik direktörlük kariyeri boyunca 3 kez lider girdiği son haftalarda şampiyonluğu kaybetmiştir. 1999-2000 sezonunda Bayer Leverkusen'de, 2005-2006 ve 2009-2010 sezonlarında ise Fenerbahçe'de son haftada bıraktığı puanlarla şampiyonlukları kaybetmiştir.

1. FC Köln

Birinci dönemi
23 Eylül 1986'da yardımcı teknik direktörlüğünü Köln takımının başına geçti. Önceki teknik direktör Georg Kessler, 8 haftada 1 galibiyet 2 beraberlik 5 mağlubiyet almışti. Daum, takımın başına geçtiğinde FC Köln Bundesliga'da 15. sıradaydı. Ayrıca kulüp içi problemler de çok fazlaydı. Kariyerinin ilk maçı 27 Eylül 1986'da Stuttgart karşısında alınan beraberlik oldu. Bir hafta sonra ise deplasmanda Schalke 04'ü yendi. O sezon içinde kulüpte  başkanlık değişikliği yaşandı. Ayrıca takımın birinci kalecisi Harald Schumacher takımdan kovuldu. Daum, sarsıntılı geçen bu sezon sonunda, geçen sezon düşmekten zor kurtulan takımı 10.luğa taşıdı.

1987-88 sezonunda takımı sezon boyunca ilk üç sırada tuttu ve Bundesliga'yı üçüncü olarak bitirdiler. 1988-89 sezonuna kötü başlayan ekip, ikinci yarıdan itibaren toparlandı ve Bayern Münih'in 5 puan ardından lig ikincisi olarak sezonu tamamladı. Ayrıca UEFA Kupası'nda çeyrek finale çıktılar. 1989-90 sezonunda da Köln, Münih'in ardından lig ikincisi oldu. Avrupa'da ise UEFA Kupası yarı finallerine çıkıp, o sezon kupayı kazanacak Juventus'a elendiler. Sezon sonrası, 1990 Dünya Kupası oynanırken, Köln kulübü başkanı Dietmar Artzinger-Bolten, Daum'u kovdu. Bolten'in Daum'u kovmasının resmî nedeni hâlen bilinmese de, Daum'un 2000'deki kokain skandalı sırasında yaptığı bir açıklama sonucu nedenin bu konuyla ilgili olduğu tahmin edilmektedir.

İkinci dönemi
Yıllar sonra 2. Bundesliga'da mücadele eden eski takımı 1. FC Köln'ün başına tekrar geçti. Lig sekizincisi olan Köln'e devre arasında eski takımından Serhat Akın ve Fabio Luciano'yu getirdi ancak takım Bundesliga'ya çıkamadı. Sonraki sezon için yine Türkiye'den Faryd Mondragon ve Ümit Özat'ı takıma yerleştiren teknik direktör, Köln ile lig üçüncülüğü yaşayarak takımı Bundesliga'ya geri çıkardı. Uzun bir aradan sonra Bundesliga'da geçirdiği ilk sezonda ligin ortalarında yer aldı ve başarılı bir performans gösteremedi.

VfB Stuttgart
Köln'deki başarılı sezonların ardından bir süre takım çalıştırmayan Daum, 20 Kasım 1990'da Willi Entenmann'ın kovulması ertesinde VfB Stuttgart'a geçti. Daum takımın başına geçtiğinde Stuttgart, 14 maçta sadece 3 galibiyet almış ve 15. sırada bulunmaktaydı. Daum, Stuttgart ile dikkat çekici bir yükseliş yaşattı ve ligi altıncı olarak bitirdiler.

1991-92 sezonu oldukça çekişmeli bir sezon olarak geçti. Stuttgart, Borussia Dortmund ve Eintracht Frankfurt ile şampiyonluk yarışı veriyordu. Son haftaya 3 takım da 50 puanla girdi. Eintracht Frankfurt, averaj üstünlüğü ile birinci, Stuttgart ise ikinci durumdaydı. Maçların ilk yarıları bittiğinde Borussia Dortmund, Duisburg karşısında 1-0 önde olarak liderlik koltuğundaydı. Eintracht Frankfurt ise Hansa Rostock karşısında 0-0 berabere kalarak averajla ikinciydi. Daum'un Stuttgart'ı ise Bayer Leverkusen deplasmanında 1-0 yenik duruma düşse de ilk yarının sonlarında durumu 1-1'e getirmişti. Stuttgart, 86. dakikada Guido Buchwald ile golü bularak maçta 2-1 öne geçti. Ancak 1-1 devam eden maçta Frankfurt'un bulacağı bir gol Stuttgart'ı ikinci yapacaktı. Ancak 89. dakikada Hansa Rostock golü buldu ve Stuttgart, Borussia Dortmund'u averajla geçerek şampiyonluğa ulaştı. Daum da kariyerinin ilk Bundesliga şampiyonluğunu yakaladı.

1992-93 sezonunda Stuttgart ile kariyerinde ilk kez UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi'ne katılan Daum, ilk maçta evinde İngiliz ekibi Leeds United'ı 3-0 yendi. İkinci maçta ise deplasmanda rakiplerine 4-1 yenildiler. Buna rağmen deplasmanda atılan gol kuralı ile tur atlayacaklardı. Ancak Daum, maçta 82. dakikada oyuna Jovica Simanic'i sokmuştu. O sene Şampiyonlar Ligi'nde 3 yabancı kuralı uygulanmaktaydı ve Simanic takımdaki 4. yabancı olmuştu. Bu nedenle Stuttgart maçı hükmen 3-0 kaybetmiş sayıldı. Bu olaydan sonra İngiliz The Sun gazetesi, kelime oyunu yaparak "Christoph Dumb" (Aptal Christoph) başlığını attı. Maçlar 3-0'lık sonuçlarla bitip deplasman kuralı işlemeyince bir play-off maçı oynandı. Barcelona'da oynanan maçı Stuttgart 2-1 kaybedince ikinci tura kalamadı. Bundesliga'da ise orta sıralarda seyreden takım ligi 7. bitirebildi.

Daum, 1993-94 sezonuna da Stuttgart'ta başladı. Ancak istenen sonuçlar gelmedi ve 20. haftada Daum ve Stuttgart yollarını ayırdı. Daum, 20 maçta sadece 5 galibiyet alabilmişti.

Beşiktaş JK

Birinci dönemi
1993-94 sezonuna kötü başlayan Beşiktaş, uzun yıllar beraber çalıştığı teknik direktörü Gordon Milne ile yollarını ayırdıktan sonra Daum'a teklif götürdü ve 1994 Ocak ayında Daum, ilk yurt dışı kariyerine Beşiktaş ile başladı. Daum, Beşiktaş'ın başına geçtiğinde liderin 10 puan gerisinde 5. sıradaydı. İkinci yarı öncesi birkaç hazırlık maçı sonrası ilk resmî maçını ezeli rakibi Fenerbahçe ile Türkiye Kupası karşılaşmasında yaptı ve rakipleri 2-1 yenerek elediler. Daum lige de Gençlerbirliği galibiyetiyle başladı. Beşiktaş sezon sonunda lig dördüncüsü olmuştu. Türkiye Kupası'nda ise takımı finale taşıyan Daum, Galatasaray'la ilk maçta 0-0 berabere kalıp, rakibini ikinci maçta 3-2 yenerek Beşiktaş ile Türkiye Kupası'nı kazandı. Sezonu, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kupası maçıyla kapatan Daum'lu Beşiktaş, Galatasaray'ı 3-1 yenerek bu kupayı da kazandı.

Daum, 1994-95 sezonuna önemli transferlerle hazırlandı. Eski Alman millî takım kalecisi Raimond Aumann, Stuttgart'tan öğrencisi Eyjólfur Sverrisson ve Norveçli futbolcu Ronny Johnsen'i transfer etti. Ayrıca takıma Samsunspor'dan yüksek bir transfer ücreti ödenerek Ertuğrul Sağlam katıldı. Sezonun ilk yarısını Galatasaray'ın ardından, rakibinden bir averaj kötü durumda ikinci bitiren takım, ikinci yarınının başında liderliği ele geçirdi ve sezon sonuna kadar birinci olarak devam etti. Böylece Daum, kariyerindeki ikinci, Türkiye'deki ilk şampiyonluğuna ulaştı. Avrupa'da ise Kupa Galipleri Kupası'nda sadece ikinci tura çıkabildiler. Türkiye Kupası ve Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kupası'nda ise başarı gelmedi.

1995-96 sezonunda takıma ünlü Alman futbolcu Stefan Kuntz dahil oldu. Beşiktaş, ilk büyük sınavını UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi elemelerinde verdi. Norveç ekibi Rosenborg karşısında deplasmanda 3-0'lık sürpriz bir yenilgi alan Beşiktaş, evindeki maçı 3-1 kazansa da gruplara kalamadı. Ligde de bu sefer başarı gelemedi ve rakipleri Fenerbahçe ve Trabzonspor'un gerisinde kaldılar. Kupada da çeyrek finalde Galatasaray'a elendiler. Daum, sezonun bitime 2 maç kala Beşiktaş'tan istifa etti ve son iki maçta takımı yardımcısı Roland Koch yönetti.

İkinci dönemi
Kokain davası sonrası Alman takımlarından teklif alamayan Daum, 2001-02 sezonunda eski takımı Beşiktaş'a döndü. Beşiktaş yönetimi, sözleşmesi devam eden Nevio Scala'yı sağlık sorunlarını sebep göstererek olaylı bir şekilde kovdu. Mart 2001'de Beşiktaş'ın başına geçen Daum, Beşiktaş'ı dördüncü yaptı. 2001-02 sezonunda ise Beşiktaş, ligde pek varlık gösteremeyerek lig üçüncüsü oldu. Türkiye Kupası'nda takımı finale çıkarsa da Kocaelispor'a 4-0 yenilerek kupayı kaybettiler. Almanya'da süren kokain davası yüzünden sık sık Almanya'ya gitmek zorunda kalan Daum, ilk Beşiktaş dönemindeki başarıları yakalayamadı ve sezon sonunda takımdan ayrıldı.

Bayer Leverkusen
1996-97 sezonunda Almanya'ya dönen Daum, Bayer 04 Leverkusen'in başına geçti. Daum'un gelişiyle ofansif bir futbol anlayışına dönen Leverkusen, ligi Bayern Münih'in arkasından ikinci olarak bitirerek tarihinin en başarılı derecesine ulaştı. 1997-98 sezonuna kötü başladılar, 8. hafta 15.liğe kadar düşseler de daha sonra yukarılara gittiler ve ligi üçüncü olarak bitirdiler.

1998-99 sezonuna Brezilyalı Ze Roberto'yu transfer ederek başladılar. Yine üst sıralarda geçen bir sezon sonunda Leverkusen, yine Bayern Münih'in arkasında ligi ikinci bitirdiler. 1999-2000 sezonunda ise Michael Ballack takıma transfer edildi. Leverkusen, yine uzun süre ligde ikinci durumdaydı. 27. hafta liderliğe yükselen takım, 29. hafta liderliği averajla Bayern Münih'e kaptırdı. 30. hafta ise Leverkusen, Arminia Bielefeld'i yenerken, Bayern Münih ise kendi evinde oynanan Münih derbisinde 1860 Münih'e yenildi ve Leverkusen 3 puan öne geçti. Son haftaya kadar 3 puanlık fark devam etti. Bayern Münih'in averajı ise Leverkusen'den 3 puan fazlaydı. Son hafta Leverkusen, SpVgg Unterhaching deplasmanına gitti. Beraberliğin şampiyonluğu getireceği maçta 21. dakika Ballack'ın kendi kalesine attığı golle 1-0 yenik duruma düştü. İkinci yarıda bir gol daha yedi ve 2-0 mağlup oldu. Bayern Münih ise kendi sahasında Werder Bremen'i 3-1 yenerek şampiyon oldu. Böylece Daum, Leverkusen'deki 4. sezonunda üçüncü kez ikinci olurken, Stuttgart'tan sonra ikinci kez son hafta şampiyonluğu kaybetti.

2000-01 sezonuna Daum, Leverkusen'de başladı. Ancak, Euro 2000 sonrası istifa eden Erich Ribbeck sonrası Almanya millî futbol takımının teknik direktörlüğündeki en büyük adaydı. 9 hafta takımın başında kalan Daum, birinci Bayern Münih'in 3 puan ardından lig altıncısıydı. Ancak adı kokain skandalına karışında görevinden istifa etti.

Austria Wien
Ekim 2002'de Avusturya ekiplerinden Austria Wien'in başına geçti. Austria Wien, Daum başına geçtiğinde halihazırda lig birincisiydi. Daum ile 24 maçta 13 galibiyet alan takım sezonun sonunda Bundesliga (Avusturya) şampiyonluğuna ulaşıyordu. Bu da Daum'un üçüncü bir ülkede üçüncü lig şampiyonluğu oldu. Ayrıca ÖFB-Cup'ta çıktıkları 4 maçın hepsini gol yemeden kazanan takım, bu kupanın da sahibi oluyordu. Daum, sezon sonunda başka ülkelerde şansını denemek istediğini söyleyerek takımdan ayrıldı.

Fenerbahçe SK

Birinci dönemi
2003-04 sezonu için Türkiye'ye geri dönen teknik adam, bu sefer bir başka İstanbul takımı olan Fenerbahçe'nın başına geçti. Sezona çok kötü bir başlangıç yaptı. İlk maçta İstanbulspor'a 3-0 yenilen takım, yeni transferleri Robert Enke'yi takımdan göndererek, bir de kaleci sorunu yaşadılar. Rakipleri Beşiktaş'ın özellikle ikinci yarıda yaşadığı düşüşün yanında Daum'un Fenerbahçe'si de çok başarılı bir performans gösterdi ve 76 puan ile Fenerbahçe ile ilk lig şampiyonluğunu elde etti.

2004-05 sezonunda Fenerbahçe ile UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi gruplarında mücadele etti ve üçüncü oldu. Ligde ise çok başarılı bir performans ile bir kez daha şampiyon oldular. Türkiye Kupası'nda da finale kalmayı başardılar ancak finalde ezeli rakipleri Galatasaray'a 5-1 yenilerek takımın kupa hasretine son veremediler.

Bir sonraki sezonda da üç kulvarda mücadele ettiler. Önce UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi gruplarına sadece 1 galibiyet ile veda ettiler. Daha sonra çeyrek finalinde Galatasaray'ı eledikleri Türkiye Kupası finalinde Beşiktaş'a uzatmalarda kaybedip, ikinci oldular. Ligde ise Galatasaray ile kıran kırana bir çekişme yaşadılar. Son haftaya Galatasaray ile aynı puanda ama +11 daha iyi averaj ile girdiler. Denizli'de Denizlispor karşısında alacakları bir galibiyet ile bir kez daha şampiyonluk sevinci yaşayacaktı. Olaylı geçen maçta Denizlispor, 89. dakikada Mustafa Keçeli ile son dakikaya önde girdi. Fenerbahçe, bir dakika sonra Tuncay Şanlı ile beraberliği sağlasa da 16 dakika uzayan maçta Fenerbahçeliler galibiyet golünü bulamayınca, Fenerbahçe tarihinde ilk kez üst üste üçüncü kez şampiyon olmayı başaramadı. Sezon sonunda bu duruma rahatsızlığı da eklenince, tedavisi için takımdan ayrılmak zorunda kaldı.

İkinci dönemi
Fenerbahçe başkanı Aziz Yıldırım, şampiyonluk parolası ile girdikleri 2009-10 sezonuna takımı tanıyan bir isim olarak Daum'u ikinci kez takımın başına getirdi. Sezona 2 Ağustos 2009'da Beşiktaş'ı 2-0 yenerek kazandıkları Türkiye Süper Kupası şampiyonluğu ile başladı. Takım sezona çok iyi başladı. Ligde ilk 8 maçın hepsini kazandılar. Daha sonra UEFA Kupası gruplarında 6 maçta 5 galibiyet ile çıkma başarısı gösterdiler. Ayrıca Türkiye Kupası'nda da gruptan çıkıp ilerlediler. Önce şubat ayında UEFA Kupası'ndan elendiler. Daha sonra 5 Mayıs 2010'da Trabzonspor'a 3-1 yenilerek Türkiye Kupası'nı Daum zamanında üçüncü kez finalde kaybettiler. Ligin son haftasına da en yakın rakipleri Bursaspor karşısında 1 puan önde girmişlerdi. Ancak son maçta Trabzonspor ile Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadyumu'nda 1-1 berabere kalıp puan kaybettiler. Diğer maçta Bursaspor, Beşiktaş'ı 2-1 yenince, Fenerbahçe'nin 1 puan önüne geçerek tarihinin ilk Süper Lig şampiyonluğunu yaşadı. Sezon sonunda yönetim tarafından gönderilip yerine sportif direktör Aykut Kocaman'ın geleceği konuşuluyordu ancak Daum, takımın başında kalacağını açıklayıp istifa etmedi. Daha sonra sözleşmesi 2.3 milyon euro'ya feshedildi.

Eintracht Frankfurt
Daum 2010-11 sezonunun sonlarında Bundesliga'da kalma mücadelesi veren ve teknik direktör Michael Skibbe'yi gönderen Eintracht Frankfurt teknik direktörlüğüne getirildi. 22 Mart 2011'de aldığı takımın başında sadece 7 lig maçına çıkan teknik adam galibiyet alamadı. Ligde 14. sıradaki Franfkurt ekibi üç sıra daha aşağıya inerek Bundesliga'dan düşen takımlardan biri oldu.

Club Brugge
9 Kasım 2011 tarihinde Eintracht Frankfurt'tan ayrıldıktan altı ay sonra Daum, Belçika'nın Club Brugge takımı ile seneliği 1.5 milyon euro'ya yeni teknik direktör olarak anlaştı. Bu rakamla Belçika liginde en çok kazanan teknik direktör unvanını aldı. Brugge ekibi ile iyi sonuçlar alan Daum, takımı lig play-off'larına taşımayı başardı. Sezon sonunda Brugge ile Belçika ikincisi oldu. 2011-2012 sezonu sonunda Daum, sürekli Köln ile Brugge arasında gidip gelmek zorunda kaldığını ve ailesine yeterince vakit ayıramadığını gerekçe göstererek Club Brugge takımından kendi isteği ile ayrılmıştır.

Bursaspor

Christoph Daum 14 Ağustos 2013 tarihinde Bursaspor ile 2 yıllık sözleşme imzaladı. Bursaspor'un UEFA Avrupa Ligi'nden elemesi sonrası sezonun başlamasına 4 gün kala takımın başına geçti. Ligde istikrarlı bir performans gösteremedi. Buna rağmen takımı Türkiye Kupası'nda yarı finallere taşıdı. Ligin ikinci yarısında üst üste alınan kötü sonuçlar nedeniyle 22 Mart 2014'te aldığı Konyaspor yenilgisinden bir gün sonra takım ile yollarını ayırdı.

Romanya mili futbol takımı
Romanya Futbol Federasyonu 2016 yılında Christoph Daum'u teknik direktörlük görevine getirdi. Daum böylelikle ilk kez bir ülkenin millî takımını yönetme şansı elde etti.

Kokain skandalı
2000 yılında Bayern Münih menajeri Uli Hoeness'in Daum'un kokain kullandığını iddia etmesi Almanya'da büyük bir skandala neden oldu. Daum da Hoeness'e dava açarak, gönüllü olarak saç örneğini mahkemeye teslim etti. 20 Eylül'de Köln Adli Tıp Kurulu'nun incelemesi sonucunda Daum'un saç örneğinden kokain kullandığı tespit edildi. Bu sonuç nedeniyle Daum, Bayer Leverkusen'deki görevinden istifa etti ancak mahkeme sonucuna itiraz edeceğini belirtti. Buna rağmen Daum'un, Almanya Futbol Federasyonu ile devam eden sözleşme konuşmaları, federasyon tarafından sonlandırıldı.

Daum bu olaylardan sonra Almanya'dan ayrılıp, bir süre ABD'de kaldı. Orada yaptırdığı bir saç testinde bu sefer kokain bulunmadı. Alman yasalarına göre Daum'un suçu kabul etmesi durumunda hapis cezası para cezasına çevrilecekti. 2001'in Ocak ayında Almanya'ya dönen Daum, Köln'de yaptığı basın açıklamasında kokain kullandığını kabul etti. 2001 yılında Beşiktaş'ı çalıştırırken sık sık Almanya'da hakim huzuruna çıktı. 2002 yılında dava Daum'un para cezasına çarptırılmasıyla sonlandı.

İstatistikler

Başarıları

 VfB Stuttgart (2 Kupa)
 Bundesliga (1): 1992
 DFL-Supercup (1): 1992

 Beşiktaş (3 Kupa)
 Süper Lig (1): 1995
 Türkiye Kupası (1): 1994
 Türkiye Süper Kupası (1): 1994

 Austria Wien (2 Kupa)
 Bundesliga (1): 2003
 ÖFB-Cup (1): 2003

 Fenerbahçe (3 Kupa)
 Süper Lig (2): 2004, 2005
 Türkiye Süper Kupası (1): 2009

Kaynakça

1953 doğumlular
Alman futbolcular
1. FC Köln futbolcuları
Orta saha futbolcuları
Alman teknik direktörler
Fenerbahçe teknik direktörleri
Beşiktaş teknik direktörleri
Eintracht Frankfurt teknik direktörleri
Bayer 04 Leverkusen teknik direktörleri
VfB Stuttgart teknik direktörleri
1. FC Köln teknik direktörleri
Süper Lig şampiyonluğu kazanan teknik direktörler
Yaşayan insanlar
Bursaspor teknik direktörleri
Club Brugge KV teknik direktörleri
Romanya'daki gurbetçi teknik direktörler
FK Austria Wien teknik direktörleri
Romanya millî futbol takımı teknik direktörleri
Bundesliga teknik direktörleri
2. Bundesliga teknik direktörleri
Süper Lig teknik direktörleri
Alman gurbetçi teknik direktörler
Türkiye'deki gurbetçi teknik direktörler
Avusturya'daki gurbetçi teknik direktörler
Belçika'daki gurbetçi teknik direktörler
Türkiye'deki Alman gurbetçiler
Avusturya'daki Alman gurbetçiler
Belçika'daki Alman gurbetçiler

Christoph Daum


بلدية غاروتشي , هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة المرية. جنوب شرق إسبانيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها 7.037 نسمة.

وصلات خارجية
  (بالإسبانية)

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في المرية
بلديات المرية

غاروتشا


A Autoridade Monetária das Ilhas Cayman (CIMA) é o principal regulador de serviços financeiros das Ilhas Cayman e supervisiona seu conselho monetário.

A CIMA administra a moeda das Ilhas Cayman, regula e supervisiona os serviços financeiros, presta assistência às autoridades reguladoras estrangeiras e aconselha o governo das Ilhas Cayman em questões regulatórias de serviços financeiros.

É uma corporação criada de acordo com a Lei de Autoridade Monetária das Ilhas Cayman (Revisão de 2013).

Quadro regulatório

 Bancos e credores
 Bancos offshore
 Fundos e Empresas de Portfólio Segregado
 Serviços de processamento de pagamentos
 Cooperativas de crédito

Referências

Ligações externas
 Autoridade Monetária das Ilhas Cayman
Organizações fundadas em 1997
Bancos centrais

Autoridade Monetária das Ilhas Cayman


Felipe Zortea Camozzato ou simplesmente Felipe Camozzato (Nova Bassano, ) é um político brasileiro filiado ao Partido Novo (NOVO).

Trajetória política

Vereador
Felipe foi eleito vereador em Porto Alegre pela primeira vez em 2016, com 10.488 votos. Concorreu novamente a vereador em 2020, e se elegeu com 14.279 votos. Licenciou-se do mandato em 2022 para concorrer a deputado estadual pelo Rio Grande do Sul.

Deputado Estadual
Nas eleições estaduais de 2022 foi eleito deputado estadual pelo NOVO, à uma cadeira na Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Sul para a 56ª legislatura (2023 — 2027) com 39.517 votos.

Naturais de Nova Bassano
Deputados estaduais do Rio Grande do Sul
Membros do Partido Novo

Felipe Camozzato


Am încălcat legea este o dramă americană din anul 1970 a regizorului John Frankenheimer în rolurile principale jucând Gregory Peck și Tuesday Weld.
Scenariul scris de Alvin Sargent, este o adaptare a romanului An Exile de Madison Jones. Coloana sonoră a filmului Am încălcat legea, aparține lui Johnny Cash și prezintă printre altele și cântecul său de succes cu titlu omonim, compus în 1956.

Prezentare

Henry Tawes este șeriful orășelului Sutton din statul Tennessee. Într-o zi urmărind o camionetă care mergea cam în zigzag, o cunoaște cu această ocazie pe Alma, o fetișcană minoră și pe fratele ei mai mic Buddy, care tocmai învăța să conducă mașina. După un timp, Alma vine în biroul lui și se plânge că un alt frate de-al ei, Clay, a lăsat-o în oraș și nu are cum să ajungă acasă. În drum spre casă, Tawes este sedus de Alma. Tawes se cam simte plictisit alături de soția sa Ellen Haney și caută tot mai des să fie în apropierea lui Alma cu care începe o relație amoroasă tot mai intensă. Ce nu știe însă, e că tocmai tatăl fetei, McCain, care fabrica clandestin whisky, a forțat-o să-l seducă, încât să-l poată apoi șantaja ca să-și continue fabricarea de alcool mai departe.

Ajutorul de șerif Hunnicutt, prinde de veste că ceva nu e în ordine cu șeful lui. Urmărind-o pe Alma, descoperă distileria de whisky, așa că este omorât de familia fetei. Tawes îi ajută să facă dispărut cadavrul și își face planuri să fugă cu Alma în California.

Distribuție

Vezi și
 Filmografia lui Gregory Peck
 Listă de filme străine până în 1989

Legături externe

Filme din 1970
Filme regizate de John Frankenheimer
Filme americane
Filme în limba engleză
Filme dramatice

Am încălcat legea