Kuleszewo (deutsch Kulsow) ist ein Dorf in der Gemeinde Kobylnica im Powiat Słupski (Kreis Stolp) der polnischen Woiwodschaft Pommern.

Geographische Lage
Kuleszewo liegt in Hinterpommern, etwa 13 Kilometer südsüdöstlich der Stadt Słupsk (Stolp) und 19 Kilometer östlich der Stadt Sławno (Schlawe).

Geschichte
Kuleszewo (früher Culsow, andere Namensformen: Kullesow, Kollezew, Kullitzow) war ein Rittergut, das sich vom 15. Jahrhundert an bis 1945 im Besitz der Adelsfamilie Boehn befunden hatte. Es war das älteste Stammhaus der Familie von Boehn. Bis zum Ende des 14. Jahrhunderts hatte das Lehen zu den Ländereien der Familie Kutzeke gehört, die zu den Vorfahren der pommerschen Familie von Zitzewitz gerechnet wird. 1393 wird Laurenz Koske von Culsow genannt und am 13. Juni 1397 Derseke Cusseke von Culsow. Die Familie von Boehn war im Gefolge des pommerschen Herzogs Wartislaw IV. nach Hinterpommern gekommen und dürfte um 1402 in den Besitz von Kulsow gelangt sein. Als Stifter der Hauslinie Kulsow-Plassow gilt genealogisch heute Georg von Boehn (1476–1523). Im Jahr 1525 war Jürgen von Boehn auf Kulsow. Im 15. Jahrhundert bestand Kulsow aus zwei Teilen, A und B. Kulsow B wurde im Jahr 1678 für 7.000 Gulden widerruflich an Hans Georg von Below verpfändet. Gerson Christian von Boehn erbte Kulsow A von seinem Vater, Franz Felix von Boehn, und löste Kulsow B von den Erben des Felix Otto von Below ein, so dass der Gesamtbesitz wieder in einer Hand vereinigt war. 1872 wurde das ehemalige Allodialgut in frei verfügbares Eigentum der Familie von  Boehn umgewandelt. Um 1784 gab es in Kulsow ein Vorwerk, eine Wassermühle, die von dem östlich am Dorf vorbeifließenden Fluss Quacke angetrieben wurde, neun Vollbauern, zwei Halbbauern, vier Kossäten, eine Schmiede, einen Schulmeister, auf der Feldmark des Dorfs das Vorwerk Friedrichshof nebst einem Kossäten, auf der Feldmark von Wendisch Plassow das Vorwerk Mittelburg und insgesamt 38 Haushaltungen.

Alexander von Boehn (1813–1889) hatte vier Söhne, die alle im Kreisgebiet ansässig wurden: Constantin von Boehn auf Kulsow, Nikolaus von Boehn auf Sagerke, Georg von Boehn auf Lojow und Gesorke und Siegfried von Boehn auf Deutsch Buckow. Constantin von Boehn erbaute eine Brennerei für Industriespiritus und modernisierte das Gutshaus. Am 1. Juli 1914 übergab er das Gut seinem Sohn Georg (1886–1945). Boehn sen. blieb zunächst Eigentümer, der Sohn fungierte aber nach dem Pommerschen Güter-Adressbuch  als Generalbevollmächtigter. Letzterer erwies sich als fähiger Landwirt; er veröffentlichte einige Fachartikel in der Zeitung für Landwirtschaft. Georg von Boehn blieb bis Kriegsende der Gutsbesitzer, denn sein einziger Sohn Lubbert fiel 1941 als Hauptmann im Krieg. Er selbst galt als systemkritisch und wurde nach dem Attentat vom 20. Juli 1944 verhaftet und ohne Angabe von Gründen drei Monate lang im Stolper Gefängnis festgehalten.

Im Jahr 1925 standen im Kulsow 61 Wohngebäude. Im Jahr 1939 wurden  99 Haushaltungen und   457  Einwohner gezählt.

Vor 1945 war das Dorf Kulsow Sitz des Amtsbezirks Kulsow im Landkreis Stolp, Regierungsbezirk Köslin der Provinz Pommern. Im Jahr 1939 betrug die Gemeindefläche 1.239 Hektar. Die Gemeinde Kulsow hatte insgesamt vier Wohnorte:
 Friedrichshof
 Georgenthal
 Kulsow
 Kulsower Mühle
Außer dem Gut gab es in Kulsow 29 landwirtschaftliche Betriebe.

Gegen Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs wurde Kulsow am 7. März 1945 von der Roten Armee besetzt. Zuvor war die Brennerei von Wehrmachtsangehörigen gesprengt worden. Das Dorf wurde durch Kriegshandlungen in Mitleidenschaft gezogen, mehrere Gehöfte brannten ab. Die Dorfbevölkerung hatte unter der sowjetischen Besatzung schwer zu leiden. Zwar hatten die Bewohner versucht zu fliehen, doch ihr Treck wurde überrollt und versprengt, und sie mussten zurückkehren. Nachdem die sowjetischen Truppen das Dorf aufgegeben hatten, besetzen Anfang 1946 Polen die Bauernhöfe.  Kulsow  wurde in Kuleszewo umbenannt. Die bisherigen Besitzer mussten für die Polen arbeiten, bis sie 1947 vertrieben wurden; sie durften nur das mitnehmen, was sie tragen konnten.

Nach Kriegsende wurden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 177 und in der DDR 101 aus Kulsow vertriebene Dorfbewohner ermittelt.

Das Dorf hat heute etwa 460  Einwohner.

Schule
Vor 1945 hatte Kulsow eine zweistufige Volksschule. Im Jahr 1932 unterrichtete dort ein einzelner Lehrer in zwei Klassen 74 Schulkinder.

Kirche
Die vor 1945 anwesende Dorfbevölkerung war evangelisch. Im Zeitraum 1590–1945 gehörte Kulsow zum Kirchspiel Zirchow und damit zum Kirchenkreis Stolp-Stadt.

Literatur
 Karl-Heinz Pagel: Der Landkreis Stolp in Pommern. Lübeck 1989, S. 668–673 (Ortsbeschreibung Kulsow, PDF)

Weblinks
 Die Gemeinde Kulsow im ehemaligen Kreis Stolp (Gunthard Stübs und Pommersche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 2011).

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Pommern
Ort der Woiwodschaft Pommern
Gmina Kobylnica

Kuleszewo


Aistopetalum, maleni rod visokog drveća iz porodice kunonijevki, dio reda ceceljolike. Postoje dvije priznate vrste, obje s otoka Nova Gvineja.

I rod i obje vrste opisane su 1914.

Vrste
 Aistopetalum multiflorum Schltr.
 Aistopetalum viticoides Schltr.; tipična

Izvori

Kunonijevke

Aistopetalum


Inderste interkostalmuskler er et lag af interkostalmuskler dybt i det plan der indeholder interkostalnerver og interkostalårer og de indre interkostalmuskler.

Muskelsystemet

Inderste interkostal


Richard Assheton Cross, 1st Viscount Cross,  (30 May 1823 – 8 January 1914), known before his elevation to the peerage as R. A. Cross, was a British Conservative politician. He was Home Secretary from 1874 to 1880, and from 1885 to 1886.

Background and education
Cross was born in Red Scar, near Preston, Lancashire, the son of William Cross (1771–1827) and his wife Ellen, daughter of Edward Chaffers. He was educated at Rugby School and Trinity College, Cambridge, and was the President of the Cambridge Union in 1845. He was called to the Bar by the Inner Temple in 1849, attaching himself to the Northern Circuit.

Political career

Cross entered Parliament as one of two representatives for Preston in 1857, a seat he held until 1862. He was out of Parliament for the next year. While out of Parliament, Cross was a partner at Parr's Bank, of which he became chairman in 1870. In 1868 he was elected for South West Lancashire, topping the poll and defeating Gladstone, and continued to represent this constituency until his elevation to the peerage in 1886.

Cross first came to prominence as Home Secretary in Disraeli's second government (1874–1880), to which post he had been appointed without first holding junior office. He remained Home Secretary in Lord Salisbury's first government (1885–1886). The latter year he was raised to the peerage as Viscount Cross, of Broughton-in-Furness in the County Palatine of Lancaster, and was moved over to the India Office (1886–1892), where he oversaw the passage of the Indian Councils Act 1892. Lord Cross was very briefly Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in Salisbury's third government (1895–1902) before being elevated to the sinecure post Lord Privy Seal. In 1898 he chaired the Joint Select Committee on Electrical Energy (Generating Stations and Supply), which recommended granting compulsory purchase powers for the building of power stations. He retired in 1900.

In 1884, Cross was elected to the Board of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway, and he remained a Director of that company, and of its successor the Great Central Railway (GCR), until his death. During Board meetings, he would occasionally murmur "Where is the money to come from?" In June 1909, when he was senior Director of the GCR, that railway named one of its class 8D express passenger locomotives The Rt. Hon. Viscount Cross G.C.B., G.C.S.I. in his honour.

Family

Lord Cross married Georgiana, daughter of Thomas Lyon, in 1852. His eldest son, the Hon. William Cross, represented Liverpool West Derby in Parliament. Lady Cross died in January 1907.

Lord Cross survived her by seven years and died in January 1914, aged 90. He was succeeded in the viscountcy by his grandson, Richard Assheton Cross, the only son of the Honourable William Cross.

Arms

References

Sources
 BOPCRIS database entry on Cross Committee

External links

Cross, Richard Assheton Cross, 1st Viscount
Cross, Richard Assheton Cross, 1st Viscount
Cross, Richard Assheton Cross, 1st Viscount
Cross, Richard Assheton Cross, 1st Viscount
Cross, Richard Assheton Cross, 1st Viscount
Cross, Richard Assheton Cross, 1st Viscount
Cross, Richard Assheton Cross, 1st Viscount
Cross, Richard Assheton Cross, 1st Viscount
Cross, Richard Assheton Cross, 1st Viscount
Cross, Richard Assheton Cross, 1st Viscount
Cross, Richard Assheton Cross, 1st Viscount
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1857–1859
UK MPs 1859–1865
UK MPs 1868–1874
UK MPs 1874–1880
UK MPs 1880–1885
UK MPs 1885–1886
UK MPs 1886–1892
UK MPs who were granted peerages
Deputy Lieutenants of Lancashire
Fellows of the Royal Society
Directors of the Great Central Railway
Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria
Hulme Trust

R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross


El Costa Serena es un crucero de la clase Concordia propiedad de Costa Cruceros, construido por Fincantieri en Sestri Ponente, Génova, Italia. El nombre de Serena simboliza la armonía y la serenidad.

Desde su entrada en servicio, ha sido el buque insignia de la compañía. Sus buque gemelos son el Costa Concordia (2006), el Costa Pacifica (2009), el Costa Favolosa (2011) y el Costa Fascinosa (2012).

Restaurantes

Las opciones gastronómicas del Costa Serena no difieren mucho de las de otros barcos de la flota de Costa Cruceros. El bufé Prometeo, ubicado en la cubierta Libra, con pizzería incluida; los restaurantes principales, Ceres y Vesta, ambos en la cubierta Orion; y los restaurantes Samsara (cubierta Aries) y el Club Bacco (cubierta Virgo).

Documental
En 2009 Costa Serena y su tripulación aparecieron en la serie documental de National Geographic Channel "Diarios del tránsatlantico" ("Cruise Ship Diaries").

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio oficial de Costa Crociere
 "A Floating Pantheon" Media report
 Valoración del Costa Serena en cruceroadicto.com

Barcos de Costa Cruceros
Barcos de 2007

Costa Serena


Alex Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Alex Township (North Dakota)
 Alex Township (Oklahoma)

Alex Township


NK Kanfanar je hrvatski nogometni klub iz Kanfanara. Sjedište je u Kanfanaru, 16. rujna 6A.

Povijest

Igrao u 2. ŽNL Istarskoj sezone 2011./12.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Facebook
 Kanfanar  NK Kanfanar uredio i nabavio nove nadstrešnice za rezervne igrače i nove golove za najmlađe članove, 23. rujna 2009.

Kanfanar
Kanfanar

NK Kanfanar


تحالف أو إس جي أي  هو منظمة تعنى بتطوير المعايير المفتوحة انشئت في مارس عام 1999. وقد قام هذا التحالف بالاشتراك مع اعضائه بعمل مواصفات لبناء وتطوير برامج بلغة الجافا سميت بمواصفات ال-أو إس جي أي، تعتمد على مبدأ أن كل برنامج هو مزيج من خدمات تتفاعل مع بعضها من خلال واجهات برمجية (واجهة برمجة التطبيقات). جوهر هذه المواصفات هو هيكل (Framework) يعرف الآتي:
 نموذج لإدارة دورة حياة البرنامج.
 سجل للخدمات المستخدمة خلال عمل البرنامج.
 بيئة البرنامج التنفيذية.
 وحدات برمجية مساعدة.

المنظمة
أنشئ تحالف ال-أو إس جي أي في مارس عام 1999 من قبل مجموعة من الشركات من ضمنها إريكسون، آي بي إم، موتورولا، وصن ميكروسيستمز ،وقد كان يسمى هذا التحالف في بادئ الأمر تحالف التجمع (Connected Alliance)، قبل أن يصبح منظمة غير ربحية.

حتى مايو 2007، انضم أكثر من 35 شركة من قطاعات عمل مختلفة لهذا التحالف.

الهيكل التنظيمي يمكن تلخيصه كالآتي:
 مجلس الإدارة: مهمته الضبط والإدارة.
 ضباط (Officers): مهماتهم تشمل مساعدة مجلس الإدارة وتقديم الدعم لتحالف.
 مجموعات متخصصة (EG): مهماتها تنحصر بالأعمال التقنية كتطوير المواصفات، تطوير التطبيقات، وفحصها.
 مجموعات ولجان عمل: مهماتها تنحصر بالأعمال غير التقنية.

نهج التطوير
يقوم أعضاء تحالف ال-أو إس جي أي بتطوير المواصفات على منهج مفتوح (Open Process)، من ثم نشرها للعامة مجاناً تحت رخصة مواصفات ال-أو إس جي أي، وعند النشر، يستطيع أي طرف آخر أن يقوم بعمل تطبيق (Implementation) لهذه المواصفات.

حتى سبتمبر 2008، صودق على خمسة تطبيقات من قبل التحالف.

التصميم

تنص المواصفات على أن أي تطبيق (Implementation) لها يجب أن يحتوي على هيكل (Framework) قابل للوصل، بمعنى أنه يمكن إضافة أو حذف وحدات برمجية منه بطريقة ديناميكية.

يطلق على كل وحدة برمجية في هيكل ال-أو إس جي أي اسم رزمة (بالإنجليزية: Bundle).

يمكن أن تكون الرزمة فعالة أو مكتبية أو كلاهما. حيث أن الرزمة الفعالة تعمل في خيط (حاسوب) (Thread) مخصص لها لتنفيذ المهمة التي برمجت من أجلها. أما الرزمة المكتبية فهي توفر واجهات برمجية للرزم الأخرى.

ولتحقيق الاتصال والتفاعل بين الرزم الفعالة، تستطيع أي رزمة تسجيل خدمة خلال وقت عمل البرنامج (Runtime)، من خلالها، تستطيع الرزم الأخرى التفاعل معها.

من خلال المفاهيم السابقة يمكن تقسيم مواصفات هيكل ال-أو إس جي أي إلى الطبقات التالية:
الرزم (Bundles)
هذه الطبقة تحتوي على وحدات برمجية (الرزم)، التي من خلال تفاعلها مع بعضها، تؤدي الدور المطلوب من البرنامج المبني على هيكل ال-أو إس جي أي.
تخزن محتويات كل رزمة في ملف من نوع JAR.

الخدمات (Services)
تقوم هذه الطبقة بوصل الرزم بطريقة ديناميكية من خلال نموذج (سجل-ابحث-إربط). بمعنى أن الرزمة قادرة على تسجيل خدمة معينة، وأن رزمة أخرى قادرة على البحث عن تلك الخدمة واستخدامها (ربط).

مسجل الخدمات (Services Registry)
هو عبارة عن واجهة برمجية لإدارة الخدمات المسجلة.

دورة حياة الرزمة (Life-Cycle)
هي عبارة عن واجهة برمجية للتحكم بدورة حياة الرزم (تنصيب، تشغيل، توقيف، تحديث، وإزالة).

الوحدات (Modules)
هي الطبقة المسؤولة عن تعريف مكونات الرزمة وماهية اعتماديتها على الرزم الأخرى.

الآمنية (Security)
هي الطبقة المسؤولة عن تعريف صلاحيات الرزم.

البيئة التنفيذية (Execution Environment)
هي الطبقة المسؤولة عن تحديد الدوال (Methods) والأصناف (Classes) المتاحة ضمن نظام التشغيل.

مراجع

أنظمة مضمنة
برمجيات حرة بلغة جافا
تأسيسات سنة 1999 في الولايات المتحدة
منظمات معايير
منظمات مقرها في كاليفورنيا

أو إس جي أي


Las elecciones presidenciales de Venezuela de 1941 fueron celebradas el lunes 28 de abril de 1941 para escoger al nuevo Presidente de los Estados Unidos de Venezuela para el periodo constitucional 1941- 1946, debiendo suceder al mandatario saliente Eleazar López Contreras, quien ya había cumplido el quinquenio completo el pasado 19 de abril, tal y como estipulaba el artículo 96 de la constitución de 1936.

Fueron las últimas elecciones presidenciales indirectas en la historia del país, debido a que la elección le correspondía al Congreso de los Estados Unidos de Venezuela como si fuese un colegio electoral, siendo el sistema vigente de la época  desde 1901 con la constitución de aquel año producto de la revolución liberal restauradora. No fue hasta las elecciones de 1947 que se realizaron bajo el sufragio universal, directo y secreto y bajo una serie de nuevas garantías políticas y civiles.

Contexto histórico

Antecedentes
El Presidente de Venezuela, General Eleazar López Contreras (1935-1941), logró importantes avances en materias de modernización y apertura política y social, puesto que autorizó la libertad de expresión, permitió la existencia de los primeros partidos políticos y sindicatos, reconoció el derecho a huelga, promulgó una ley de trabajo más moderna e instituyó el Seguro Social Obligatorio. De este modo, era pertinente celebrar nuevas elecciones presidenciales en Venezuela tras la aprobación de una nueva Constitución para los Estados Unidos de Venezuela, que reducía el mandato presidencial de 7 años (como estipulaba la Constitución anterior) a 5 años, por lo tanto, el período constitucional de López Contreras quedaba reducido de 1936-1943 a 1936-1941, expirando el 19 de abril al inaugurar el nuevo Congreso de la Unión.

Esta popularidad del gobierno de turno favoreció la preferencia de la sociedad política por las candidaturas del oficialismo, considerando que darían continuidad a la estabilidad política y al crecimiento económico nacional; siendo los más preferidos Isaías Medina Angarita, Diógenes Escalante, Luis Gerónimo Pietri y Rómulo Gallegos, todos ellos ministros durante la gestión de López Contreras y postulados por sus simpatizantes congresistas, a pesar de que Gallegos clandestinamente pertenecía al movimiento opositor Acción Democrática.

Sistema electoral
El Congreso de los Estados Unidos de Venezuela, como depositario de la soberanía nacional, era el único organismo encargado de proceder la votación para elegir, fuera de su seno, al presidente de la Unión.

Para hacer la elección, primeramente se realizaban las elecciones parlamentarias, las cuales renovaban el Congreso por mitades cada dos años. Cada asamblea legislativa estadal elegía dos senadores propietarios y suplentes para representar a su Estado, mientras que los concejales de cada distrito se reunían en la capital estadal para elegir a los diputados de su Estado, debiendo ser uno más otro por cada 35 mil habitantes, todos ellos para un periodo de cuatro años. Posteriormente a esta elección, las cuales se realizaban entre los meses de enero y marzo en cada Estado, se reunirían en la ciudad de caracas el día 19 de abril para inaugurar las sesiones del Congreso de la Unión, el cual dentro de los quince días siguientes deberían votar la elección del nuevo presidente, anunciado dicha fecha con cinco días de anterioridad.

El mandato presidencial caducaba el 19 de abril de cada quinquenio, y no entregaría el mando hasta una semana después de haberse efectuado la elección presidencial. Los candidatos debían ser nominados por los miembros del congreso, con el apoyo de al menos 10 congresistas, de acuerdo al reglamento, y debían ser inscritos ante la mesa directiva. Los requisitos para postularse como candidato eran:

 ser venezolano por nacimiento;
 mayor de 30 años;
 de estado seglar y en posesión de todos sus derechos civiles y políticos.

Se proclamaba presidente quien lograba reunir la mayoría simple de votos con la participación de al menos los 2/3 de la legislatura vigente reunida en sesión extraordinaria en una sola vuelta. Este era considerado un método de elección indirecta o de segundo grado, el cual estuvo vigente desde 1901 hasta la promulgación de la constitución de 1946.

Candidatos
 Diógenes Escalante, quien fue doctor en ciencias políticas, se desempeñó como diplomático en Londres, además de Secretario General de la Presidencia de Venezuela y Ministro de Relaciones Interiores.
 Isaías Medina Angarita, postulado por los Partidarios de las Políticas del Gobierno, fue militar y político, llegando a desempeñar la cartera de Ministro de Guerra y Marina durante la presidencia de Eleazar López Contreras.
 José Benito de la Consolación Izquierdo Esteva, destacado médico cirujano, quien fue profesor titular de la Cátedra de Anatomía, Fundador y Director del Instituto Anatómico de la Universidad Central de Venezuela.
 Luis Gerónimo Pietri, quien fue abogado, diplomático y político, se desempeñó como Ministro de Trabajo y Comunicaciones y Ministro de Relaciones Interiores en la presidencia de Eleazar López Contreras.
 Rómulo Gallegos, postulado por Acción Democrática, fue un destacado novelista, que ya se había desempeñado como Ministro de Instrucción Pública con Eleazar López Contreras como Presidente.

Resultados

Véase también

 Golpe de Estado en Venezuela de 1945

Referencias

Elecciones presidenciales de Venezuela
Venezuela en 1941
Venezuela

Elecciones presidenciales de Venezuela de 1941


was a town located in Yosa District, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2006, the town had an estimated population of 11,281 and a density of 314 persons per km2. The total area was 35.90 km2.

On March 1, 2006, Nodagawa, along with the towns of Iwataki and Kaya (all from Yosa District), was merged to create the town of Yosano.

Dissolved municipalities of Kyoto Prefecture
Yosano, Kyoto

Nodagawa, Kyoto


Agenția Națională pentru Egalitatea de Șanse între Femei și Bărbați, denumită în continuare ANES, este o instituție publică aflată în subordinea Ministerului Muncii și Justiției Sociale, care promovează principiul egalității de șanse între femei și bărbați. ANES își propune combaterea tuturor formelor de discriminare bazate pe criteriul de sex precum și eliminarea violenței în familiei.

Funcțiile îndeplinite de ANES sunt de reglementare, de elaborare a strategiei naționale în domeniul egalității de șanse între femei și bărbați, de control, de armonizare a legislației interne cu cadrul juridic european și de reprezentare a Statului Român, în acest domeniu, atât pe plan intern cât și pe plan extern. De asemenea, ANES este însărcinată cu coordonarea implementării Convenției de la Istanbul (Convenția Consiliului Europei privind prevenirea și combaterea violenței împotriva femeilor și a violenței domestice) și a CEDAW (Convenția ONU privind eliminarea tuturor formelor de discriminare împotriva femeilor).

Rolul ANES

Agenția Națională pentru Egalitatea de Șanse între Femei și Bărbați a fost înființată prin Legea 202/2002 privind egalitatea de șanse și de tratament între femei și bărbați, desfășurându-și activitatea pe două direcții principale: egalitatea de gen și violența în familie. Astfel, în funcție de domeniu, ANES are stabilite prin legea de funcționare, atribuții specifice, după cum urmează:

În domeniul egalității de șanse între femei și bărbați

 Asigură aplicarea strategiei naționale în domeniul egalitătții de șanse între femei și bărbați, precum și a politicilor create de Guvern în acest sens ;
 Colectează date statistice relevante pentru egalitatea de șanse între femei și bărbați ;
 Coordonează și implementează programele europene din acest domeniu;
 Asigură reprezentarea Guvernului României în forumul organizațiilor internaționale care desfășoară diferite programe, activități cu privire la egalitatea de șanse între femei și bărbați;
 Dezvoltă parteneriate cu societatea civilă care are ca domeniu de interes realizarea egalității de șanse și de tratament între femei și bărbați;
 Asigură transmiterea informațiilor către Comisia Europeană, cu privire la stadiul de implementare a directivelor europene relevante pentru domeniul egalității de șanse între femei și bărbați;
 Primește sesizări, plângeri, reclamații referitoare la situații de discriminare bazate pe criteriul de sex și le transmite organelor abilitate.

În domeniul violenței în familie

 Asigură aplicarea strategiei naționale și a politicilor guvernamentale în domeniul combaterii violenței în familie și a violenței de gen
 Colectează date statistice privind fenomenul violenței în familie și a violenței îndreptate împotriva femeilor;
 Coordonează și implementează programele Uniunii Europene din acest domeniu;
 Colaborează cu actorii sociali, cu organizațiile non-guvernamentale care activează în sfera violenței în familie, respectiv împotriva femeilor, cu instituțiile de învățământ;
 Cofinanțează proiecte ce au ca obiectiv eliminarea formelor de violență domestică, respectiv de gen;
 Asigură respectarea prevederilor normei juridice din domeniul combaterii violenței în familie, și anume Legea nr. 217/2003 pentru prevenirea și combaterea violenței în familie, republicată cu modificările și completările ulterioare

Proiecte și politici publice implementate de ANES

Campanie națională de conștientizare și informare publică privind violența în familie

Acest proiect a avut ca obiectiv prevenirea violenței în familie, promovarea egalității de gen și eliminarea stereotipurile asociate acesteia. Principalele activități derulate în cadrul proiectului au constat în mese rotunde la nivel regional ( Craiova, Timișoara, Alba Iulia, Cluj-Napoca, Călărași, Constanța, Piatra Neamț și București), difuzarea de spoturi TV și Radio, realizarea și distribuirea de materiale informative și participarea agenției, prin reprezentații săi, la dezbateri televizate pe tema violenței în familie.

Justice has no Gender

ANES desfășoară proiectul Justice has no Gender în colaborare cu ANPD (Autoritatea Națională pentru Persoanele cu Dizabilități) și asociația ActiveWatch. Scopul proiectului este creșterea gradului de conștientizare a profesorilor de liceu și a studenților vis-a-vis de violența în școli, rezultată din actele de discriminare, violență ce se poate manifesta sub diferite unghiuri (violența sexuală, violență psihologică, violență îndreptată împotriva fetelor și femeilor cu handicap).

Proiectul VENUS

În baza proiectului de guvernare 2017-2020, ANES derulează programul VENUS prin care își propune creare a 20 de adăposturi pentru victimele violenței în familie, în cadrul cărora vor fi asigurate servicii de asistență socială, consiliere psihologică și juridică.

Servicii pentru victimele violenței în familie

ANES vine în ajutorul victimelor violenței prin punerea la dispoziția lor a unei linii telefonice gratuite, numărul la care acestea pot semnala situațiile de violență și cererea de ajutor specializat, fiind 0800.500.333 .

Legislația națională în domeniul egalității de șanse

 Legea nr. 202/2002 privind egalitatea de șanse și de tratament între femei și bărbați, republicată, cu modificările și completările ulterioare;
 Strategia națională în domeniul egalității de șanse între femei și bărbați pentru perioada 2014 – 2017;
 Planul general de acțiuni pe perioada 2014 – 2017 pentru implementarea Strategiei;
 OUG nr. 137/2000 privind prevenirea și sancționarea tuturor formelor de discriminare, republicată, cu modificările și completările ulterioare.

Legislația națională în domeniul violenței în familie

 Legea Nr. 217 din 22 mai 2003, republicată pentru prevenirea și combaterea violenței în familie;
 Legea Nr. 30/2016 din 17 martie 2016 pentru ratificarea Convenției Consiliului Europei privind prevenirea și combaterea violenței împotriva femeilor și a violenței domestice, adoptată la Istanbul la 11 mai 2011;
 Strategia națională pentru prevenirea și combaterea fenomenului violenței în familie pentru perioada 2013 - 2017;
 Plan operațional pentru implementarea strategiei naționale în domeniul prevenirii și combaterii fenomenului violenței în familie pentru perioada 2013 - 2017.

Agenția Națională pentru Egalitatea de Șanse între Femei și Bărbați în presă

 ANES salută inițiativa Ambasadei Franței prin Excelența Sa doamna ambasador Michele Ramis privind campania ambasadorii portocalii orangez le monde
 Vizita de lucru - Proiectul "Sprijin pentru implementarea Convenției de la Istanbul", Oslo 29-31 august 2017
 Propunere ANES de realizare a unei campanii de informare privind violența domestică, pentru comunitatea de români din Spania
 Seminarul Internațional cu tema "Voir, nommer, éliminer les violences contre les femmes"
 Vizita de lucru a delegației EIGE

Note

Legături externe

 http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/index.php/ro/
 http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/images/Documente/Legislatie/HG177-2016.pdf
 http://anes.gov.ro
 http://anes.gov.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Raport-activitate-ANES-anul-2017.pdf
 https://www.agerpres.ro/social/2017/08/09/secretarul-de-stat-gabriela-draghici-mmjs-in-romania-se-moare-din-cauza-violentei-domestice-15-12-19
 https://www.stiripesurse.ro/agen-ia-na-ionala-pentru-egalitatea-de-anse-intre-femei-i-barba-i-va-avea-noi-atribu-ii_987526.html


An Paphiopedilum emersonii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Harold Koopowitz ngan Phillip James Cribb. An Paphiopedilum emersonii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Paphiopedilum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nangangarat-an duro. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Paphiopedilum

Paphiopedilum emersonii


Falansterul este un film românesc din 1979 regizat de Savel Știopul. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Adrian Pintea, Julieta Szönyi și Elena Albu.

Rezumat

În 1834 boierul Teodor Diamant, fascinat de ideile egalitarist-comuniste de factură romantică ale lui Charles Fourier, fondează un falanster la Scăeni.

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

 Adrian Pintea — inginerul hotarnic Teodor Diamant, boier fascinat de ideile comuniste
 Julieta Szönyi — Catița Fanache, iubita lui Diamant
 Elena Albu — Anica Golescu, fiica boierului Dinicu
 Enikö Szilágyi — țiganca Stăncuța Bălăceanu Constantineasca, soția lui Manolache
 Fabian Gavriluțiu — pitarul Emanoil (Manolache) Bălăceanu, proprietarul moșiei Scăieni
 Vasile Nițulescu — Moș Paia, țăran aromân
 Aristide Teică — cioclul Sava Rădăcină
 Cornel Revent — funcționarul superior al Agiei
 Matei Alexandru — velvistiernicul Fanache, soțul Catiței
 Corado Negreanu — Tudor Zaplan, fostul arendaș al moșiei Scăieni
 Dumitru Dunea
 Mihai Badiu
 Liviu Ciulei — marele logofăt Dinicu Golescu
 Mihaela Marinescu
 Ana Ciobanu
 Mariana Cercel
 Vera Varzopov
 Remus Mărgineanu — țăranul Simion, eliberat din iobăgie de Diamant
 Romeo Pop — fratele Jean din colonia saint-simonistă franceză
 Andrei Finți — stegarul Gheorghe Elescu
 Raimund Binder
 Dan Bubulici
 Ștefan Velniciuc — tânărul poet
 Mihai Mălaimare — avocatul Schina
 Eusebiu Ștefănescu
 George Oprea — Hristache Dascălu, fiul lui moș Paia
 Aurel Gherghel
 Octavian Greavu
 Niculae Urs (menționat Nicolae Urs)
 Romeo Popescu
 Andrei Peniuc
 Dumitru Dumitru
 Ștefan Lazarovici
 Andrei Kivu
 George Mihăiță — avocatul Crețulescu
 Cornel Poenaru
 Marius Moga
 Lucian Muscurel
 Radu Gurău
 Constantin Bîrliba
 Emil Wegeman
 Ana Barcan
 Alla Baianova
 Manuela Marinescu
 Angela Radoslavescu
 Ileana Zărnescu
 Șerban Cantacuzino
 George Calboreanu jr.
 Ștefan Sevastre
 Nucu Mănescu
 George Ciudan
 Mircea Veroiu
 Dinu Gherasim
 Mircea Cosma — boier tânăr
 Dumitru Rucăreanu
 Radu Dunăreanu
 Tiberiu Puica
 Vasile Popa — fierar din falanster
 Adrian Ștefănescu
 Dumitru Dinulescu
 Florin Tănase
 Ion Mitoșeriu
 Constantin Zărnescu
 Sebastian Radovici
 Costache Diamandi — serdar
 Valeriu Arnăutu
 Constantin Rășchitor
 Paul Mateescu
 Cornel Gîrbea
 Mircea Aristide
 Remus Nastu
 Alexandru Virgil Platon — arnăut
 Gheorghe Teașcă
 Constantin Dobre
 Iosif Dalacu
 Rudy Rosenfeld — negustorul evreu Isaac Menahem Rabinovici
 Mihai Teclu
 Puiu Vede
 Niculae Nastasie
 Coca Orban
 Savel Știopul
 Paul Fister

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 585.987 de spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1979 în film

Filme din 1979
Filme regizate de Savel Știopul
Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme dramatice românești
Filme istorice românești

Falansterul


Woodchurch es una parroquia civil y un pueblo del distrito de Ashford, en el condado de Kent (Inglaterra).

Geografía
Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Woodchurch tiene una superficie de 27,95 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Woodchurch tenía 1824 habitantes (48,25% varones, 51,75% mujeres) y una densidad de población de 65,26 hab/km². El 17% eran menores de 16 años, el 71,88% tenían entre 16 y 74 y el 11,13% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 44,82 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 21,8% estaban solteros, el 61,69% casados y el 16,51% divorciados o viudos.

El 96% de los habitantes eran originarios del Reino Unido. El resto de países europeos englobaban al 1,37% de la población, mientras que el 2,63% había nacido en cualquier otro lugar. Según su grupo étnico, el 99,84% eran blancos y el 0,16% mestizos. El cristianismo era profesado por el 79,86%, el budismo por el 0,22% y cualquier otra religión, salvo el hinduismo, el judaísmo, el islam y el sijismo, por el 0,55%. El 11,86% no eran religiosos y el 7,52% no marcaron ninguna opción en el censo.

774 habitantes eran económicamente activos, 759 de ellos (98,06%) empleados y 15 (1,94%) desempleados.Había 774 hogares con residentes, 27 vacíos y 7 eran alojamientos vacacionales o segundas residencias.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Kent
Parroquias civiles de Kent

Woodchurch


تحوي الحلويات الدمشقية (جزء من الحلويات السورية) أشكال وأنواع كثيرة وتعد من ألذ وأشهى الحلويات في الشرق.. عرفت واشتهرت بها مدينة دمشق في سوريا منذ القرن التاسع عشر ولها صناعها ومبدعيها في محلات يعود تاريخ بعضها إلى أكثر من 100 عام، وتشهر الحلويات السورية بطعمها الذيد وبغناها بأنواع المكسرات مثل الفستق الحلبي واللوز والجوز والصنوبر ويدخل في صناعة الأنواع الفاخرة منها السمن البلدي الاصلي .

وللحلويات الدمشقية تاريخ وقصص متداولة في الذاكرة السورية والدمشقية على وجه الخصوص.. منها في المناسبات والأعياد يقولون (إذا خلا بيت من الحلويات السورية قالوا إن أصحابه «ليسوا معيدين» حيث كان سابقآ تتم التواصي قبل أسبوع من موعد العيد فهي المدللة والثمينة وهي أنواع وأشكال
ومذاقات ومنها: المبرومة والشرحات والبقلاوة والبللورية وكول وشكور والوربات بالفستق الحلبي والقشطة وزنود الست وإسوارة الست والأصابع(حلويات) وغيرها وهذه كلها تسميات محلية سورية حتى أن أحد الأنواع تسميتها العامة (مغشوشة) وهو المبرومة بالقشطة، وهو طبعاً ليس فيه غش ولكن درجت الناس على تسميتها كذلك لتميزه عن المبرومة بالفستق الحلبي وهي الأغلى ثمناً.

كذلك من الحلويات السورية الكنافة بأنواعها الخشنة والناعمة بالقشطة وبالجبن والمدلوقة وحلاوة الجبن والشعيبيات والعوامة ووكذلك الفيصليات وهذه عادة ذات حجم كبير.

ومن أشهر الحلويات الدمشقية التي يوصى عليها في الاعياد أيضاً المعمول بأنواعه معمول بالجوز أو بالفستق الحلبي أو غيره ,ويتفنن أصحاب محلات بيع الحلويات الدمشقية في دمشق بطريقة عرض بضائعهم على واجهات المحلات، وذلك لجذب انتباه الناس فمنهم من يضعها بشكل هرمي جميل ومنهم من يضعها بشكل وتنسيق فني أنيق.الحلويات الدمشقية لها شهرتها وتميزها بصناعتها المتقنة الغنية بالطيبات والمتوارثة جيل بعد جيل في فن سوري له أسرار صنعته وهي واحدة من أهم الهدايا التي يصطحبها السواح والزائرين معهم إلى بلدانهم في شتى بقاع الدنيا.

حلويات شرقية
مطبخ سوري

حلويات دمشقية


Léolo, yönetmenliğini Jean-Claude Lauzon'un yaptiği 1992 tarihli Kanada filmi.

"Léolo" 1992'de Toronto Film Festivali'nde en iyi film ödülünü almistir. 2005 yılı içinde, TIME dergisi Léolo'yu, tüm zamanların en iyi 100 filmi arasında göstermiştir.

Konusu
Göz alıcı, muhteşem ve eleştirmenler tarafından "Kanada'da yapılmış en özgün filmlerden biri" olarak övülen Léolo, nefis, garip, erotik, cüretli ve unutulması zor bir sinema yapıtı. Gecenin ortasında tek başına, küçük Léo, hatıralar, düşler ve kâbuslar sandığını açar. Diline doladığı temel mantık, "Hayal ediyorum, demek ki yokum"dur. İlginçlikle delilik arasında bir yerde duran ailesiyle kuşatılmış Léo, kendi hayaller girdabının hem efendisi hem de kurbanı olarak bir düşler ve takıntılar dünyasına kaçar. Düş dünyasında, güneşin ya da muzır bir Sicilyalı köylünün spermini taşıyan bir domatesin oğlu olduğundan emin, kendisine Léolo adını takar.

Kaynakça
 İstanbul Kültür Sanat Vakfı
 İngilizce wikipedi ilgili sayfa

Dış bağlantılar
 IMDB sayfas

Kanada filmleri
Jean-Claude Lauzon'un yönettiği filmler
John Ottman'nin müziğini yaptığı filmler
1990'larda Fransızca filmler
1992 çıkışlı dramatik filmler
1992 çıkışlı komedi filmleri

Léolo


An Anubias heterophylla in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Adolf Engler. An Anubias heterophylla in nahilalakip ha genus nga Anubias, ngan familia nga Araceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo diri gud kababarak-an. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Anubias

Anubias heterophylla


Football Club Sochaux-Montbéliard (kısaca: FCSM), Peugeot işçilerinin ortaklaşa kurduğu, Fransa'nın doğusundaki Montbéliard ve Sochaux kentinin Fransız futbol takımıdır. Sarı-lacivertli takım maçlarını, 20.000 kişilik Stade Auguste Bonal'da oynamaktadır. Son yıllardaki en büyük başarısı, 2007 yılındaki Coupe de France olan takım, 2011-2012 sezonunda ise Ligue 1'i 14. sırada tamamlamıştır. Takımın takma adı Les Lionceaux'dur.

Oyuncular

Kadro

Eski Teknik Direktörleri

Başarıları

Fransa
 Ligue 1
 *  Şampiyon (2): 1935, 1938
 Ligue 2
 *  Şampiyon (2): 1947, 2001
 Coupe de France
 *  Şampiyon (2): 1937, 2007
 *  İkinci (3): 1959, 1967, 1988
 Coupe de la Ligue
 *  Şampiyon (1): 2004
 *  İkinci (1): 2003
 Trophée des Champions
 *  İkinci (1): 2007
 Gambardella Kupası
 *  Şampiyon (2): 1983, 2007
 *  İkinci (2): 1975, 2010

Diğer
 Coupe Charles Drago
 *  Şampiyon (3): 1953, 1963, 1964
 Coupe Peugeot
 *  Şampiyon (1): 1931
 Coupe Mohamed V
 *  Şampiyon (1): 1989
 Joan Gamper Trophy
 *  İkinci (1): 1989

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
  Resmi sitesi

Montbéliard
Fransa'daki futbol kulüpleri
1928'de kurulan futbol kulüpleri

FC Sochaux-Montbéliard


Cyprinidae (Sazangiller), çok sayıda tatlısu balık türlerini kapsayan ve Cypriniformes takımına ait olan bir balık familyasıdır.

Cyprinidae familyası yaklaşık 370 cins içeriğinde, 1270'e yakın yaşayan tür dahil 3000'den fazla balık türü ile en çok çeşitliliğe sahip balık familyasından biridir. Cyprinidae familyasındaki türlerin boyutları 12 mm ile 3 m olan Catlocarpio siamensis aralığındadır. By genus and species count, the family makes up more than two-thirds of the ostariophysian order Cypriniformes.

Biyoloji ve ekoloji
Cyprinidae Kuzey Amerika, Afrika ve Avrasya'ya özgüdür. Bilinen en büyük türü  uzunluğa ve  ağırlığa erişebilen Catlocarpio siamensisdir.

Bu familyadaki balıkların mideleri yoktur ve çeneleri dişsizdir. Çenelerinde dişler yerine kursak kemiklerinin üstünde dişe benzer uzantılar vardır. Bunlar ayrıca her türe özgü farklılık gösterdiği için türlerin tanımlanması ve birbirinden ayırt adilmesinde kullanılır.

Taksonomi
Fishes of the World'ün 5. baskısında Cyprinidae familyasında bulunan altfamilyalar şunlardır:

Altfamilya Acheilognathinae
 Acanthorhodeus
 Acheilognathus
 Rhodeus
 Tanakia

Altfamilya Alburninae
 Alburnoides
 Alburnus
 Aspiolucius
 Metzia

Altfamilya Barbinae
 Acrossocheilus
 Anchicyclocheilus
 Aulopyge
 Balantiocheilos
 Barbus
 Carasobarbus
 Clypeobarbus
 Dawkinsia
 Desmopuntius
 Diptychus
 Enteromius
 Haludaria <ref>{{Akademik dergi kaynağı | last1 = Pethiyagoda | first1 = R | year = 2013 | title = Haludaria, a replacement generic name for Dravidia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) | url = http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03646p199.pdf | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3646 | issue = 2 | page = 199 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3646.2.9 | pmid = 26213759 | erişim-tarihi = 27 Ocak 2022 | arşiv-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220119161844/https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03646p199.pdf | arşiv-tarihi = 19 Ocak 2022 | ölüurl = hayır }}</ref>
 Hsianwenia Kalimantania Luciobarbus Mesopotamichthys Neobarynotus Oliotius
 Oreichthys Pethia
 Pseudobarbus
 Puntigrus
 Puntius
 Sahyadria Schizopyge
 Schizothorax
 Sinocyclocheilus
 Striuntius
 SystomusAltfamilya Cultrinae
 Anabarilius Chanodichthys Culter Cultrichthys Hainania Hemiculter
 Ischikauia Megalobrama Parabramis
 Paralaubuca Pseudohemiculter Pseudolaubuca Sinibrama ToxabramisAltfamilya Cyprininae
 Arabibarbus
 Barboides Barbonymus
 Capoeta
 Carassioides Carassius
 Cyprinus
 Eechathalakenda GymnocyprisAltfamilya Danioninae
 Amblypharyngodon
 Aspidoparia Barilius Betadevario Boraras
 Cabdio Chelaethiops Chela Danio
 Danionella Devario Esomus
 Engraulicypris Fangfangia
 Horadandia Inlecypris Laubuka Leptocypris Luciosoma Malayochela Microdevario Microrasbora Nematabramis Neobola Opsaridium Opsarius Paedocypris Pectenocypris Raiamas Rasbora Rasboroides Rasbosoma
 Rastrineobola
 Salmostoma
 Securicula Sundadanio Trigonopoma TrigonostigmaAltfamilya Gobioninae
 Abbottina
 Belligobio Biwia Coreius Coreoleuciscus Gnathopogon Gobio
 Gobiobotia Gobiocypris Hemibarbus
 Huigobio Ladislavia Mesogobio Microphysogobio Paracanthobrama Paraleucogobio Parasqualidus Platysmacheilus Pseudogobio Pseudopungtungia Pseudorasbora Pungtungia Rhinogobio Romanogobio Sarcocheilichthys Saurogobio Squalidus XenophysogobioAltfamilya Labeoninae
 Bangana Brevibora
 Cirrhinus
 Cophecheilus Crossocheilus Discocheilus Discogobio Discolabeo Garra Henicorhynchus Horalabiosa Hongshuia Labeo
 Labeobarbus
 Labiobarbus Longanalus Osteochilichthys Osteochilus Paraqianlabeo
 Parasinilabeo Placocheilus Protolabeo Pseudocrossocheilus Pseudogyrinocheilus Ptychidio Qianlabeo Rectoris Semilabeo Sinigarra
 Sinilabeo Sinocrossocheilus Stenorynchoacrum
 Tariqilabeo Vinagarra Vinalabeo

Altfamilya Leptobarbinae
 LeptobarbusAltfamilya Leuciscinae
 Abramis
 Acanthobrama
 Achondrostoma Anaecypris Acrocheilus
 Agosia
 Algansea
 Aztecula
 Ballerus
 Blicca
 Campostoma
 Chondrostoma
 Chrosomus
 Clinostomus
 Codoma
 Coreoleuciscus
 Couesius
 Cyprinella
 Delminichthys Dionda
 Eremichthys
 Ericymba
 Erimystax
  Evarra
 Exoglossum
 Gila
 Hemitremia
 Hesperoleucus
 Hybognathus
 Hybopsis
 Iberochondrostoma Iberocypris Iotichthys
 Kottelatia Ladigesocypris Lavinia
 Lepidomeda
 Leucalburnus Leucaspius
 Leuciscus
 Leucos
 Luxilus
 Lythrurus
 Macrhybopsis
 Margariscus
 Meda
 Moapa
 Mylocheilus
 Mylopharodon
 Nocomis
 Notemigonus
 Notropis
 Opsopoeodus
 Oregonichthys
 Orthodon
 Pachychilon Parachondrostoma Pararhinichthys
 Pelasgus Pelecus
 Petroleuciscus
 Phenacobius
 Phoxinellus Phoxinus
 Pimephales
 Plagopterus
 Platygobio
 Pogonichthys
 Protochondrostoma
 Pseudochondrostoma Pseudophoxinus Pteronotropis
 Ptychocheilus
 Relictus
 Rhinichthys
 Rhynchocypris
 Richardsonius
 Rutilus
 Sarmarutilus
 Scardinius
 Semotilus
 Siphateles Snyderichthys
 Squalius
  Stypodon
 Tampichthys Telestes Tribolodon Tropidophoxinellus Vimba
 YuririaAltfamilya Tincinae
 Tanichthys TincaAltfamilya Squaliobarbinae
 Ctenopharyngodon
 Mylopharyngodon
 SqualiobarbusAltfamilya Xenocyprinae
 Distoechodon Hypophthalmichthys
 Plagiognathops Pseudobrama XenocyprisIncertae sedis

 Aaptosyax
 Acanthalburnus
 Acanthogobio Acapoeta Albulichthys Amblyrhynchichthys Ancherythroculter Aphyocypris Araiocypris Aspiorhynchus Atrilinea Barbichthys Barbodes Barbopsis
 Caecobarbus
 Caecocypris Candidia Capoetobrama Catlocarpio Chagunius Chuanchia Coptostomabarbus Cosmochilus Cyclocheilichthys Cyprinion Diplocheilichthys Discherodontus Eirmotus Elopichthys Epalzeorhynchos Folifer Gibelion
 Gymnodanio Gymnodiptychus Hampala Hemiculterella Hemigrammocypris
 Herzensteinia Hypselobarbus Hypsibarbus Laocypris Lepidopygopsis Linichthys Lobocheilos Longiculter Luciobrama Luciocyprinus Macrochirichthys
 Megarasbora Mekongina Metzia Mystacoleucus Naziritor
 Neolissochilus
 Nipponocypris Ochetobius Onychostoma Opsariichthys Oreoleuciscus Osteobrama Oxygaster Oxygymnocypris Parachela Paracrossochilus Parapsilorhynchus Parasikukia Paraspinibarbus Parator Parazacco Percocypris Phreatichthys
 Placogobio Platypharodon Pogobrama Poropuntius Probarbus Procypris Prolabeo Prolabeops Pseudaspius Ptychobarbus Puntioplites Rasborichthys Rohtee
 Rohteichthys Sanagia Sawbwa
 Scaphiodonichthys Scaphognathops Scardinius
 Schismatorhynchos Schizocypris
 Schizopygopsis
 Semiplotus Sikukia Spinibarbus Thryssocypris Thynnichthys Tor
 Troglocyclocheilus Tropidophoxinellus Typhlobarbus Typhlogarra
 Xenobarbus Xenocyprioides ZaccoFilogen
Çeşitliliğe sahip geniş familyalarda taksonomi ve filogen her yeni bilgi ile alternatif sınıflandırma oluşturabiliyor. Örneğin:

Altfamilya Probarbinae
 Catlocarpio ProbarbusAltfamilya Labeoninae
 Oymak Parapsilorhynchini
 Diplocheilichthys Neorohita Parapsilorhynchus Longanalus Protolabeo Sinilabeo Oymak Labeonini
 Bangana Cirrhinus
 Decourus Gymnostomus Incisilabeo Labeo
 Speolabeo Schismatorhynchos Oymak Garrini
 Garra Paracrossocheilus Tariqilabeo Osteochilus klad
 Barbichthys Crossocheilus Epalzeorhynchos Henicorhynchus Labiobarbus Lobocheilos Osteochilus Thynnichthys Semilabeo klad
 Ageneiogarra Altigena Cophecheilus Discogobio Hongshuia Linichthys Mekongina Paraqianlabeo
 Parasinilabeo Placocheilus Prolixicheilus Pseudocrossocheilus Pseudogyrinocheilus Ptychidio Qianlabeo Rectoris Semilabeo Sinigarra
 Sinocrossocheilus Stenorynchoacrum

Altfamilya Torinae

 Acapoeta Arabibarbus
 Barbopsis
 Carasobarbus Hypselobarbus Labeobarbus
 Lepidopygopsis Mesopotamichthys Naziritor
 Neolissochilus
 Osteochilichthys Pterocapoeta Sanagia Tor
 PterocapoetaAltfamilya Smiliogastrinae

 Barbodes Barboides Caecobarbus
 Chagunius Clypeobarbus Coptostomabarbus Dawkinsia
 Desmopuntius
 Eechathalakenda Enteromius Haludaria
 Hampala Oliotius
 Oreichthys Osteobrama Pethia
 Prolabeo Prolabeops Pseudobarbus
 Puntigrus
 Puntius
 Rohtee
 Sahyadria Striuntius
 Systomus XenobarbusAltfamilya Cyprininae (Barbinae dahil)

 Oymak Cyprinini
 Aaptosyax
 Carassioides Carassius
 Cyprinus
 Luciocyprinus Paraspinibarbus Parator Procypris Pseudosinocyclocheilus Sinibarbus Sinocyclocheilus
 Typhlobarbus Oymak Rohteichthyini
 Albulichthys Amblyrhynchichthys Anematichthys Balantiocheilos Barbonymus
 Cosmochilus Cyclocheilichthys Cyclocheilos Discherodontus Eirmotus Hypsibarbus Kalimantania Laocypris Mystacoleucus Parasikukia Poropuntius Puntioplites Rohteichthys Sawbwa
 Scaphognathops Sikukia Troglocyclocheilus Oymak Acrossocheilini
 Acrossocheilus Folifer Onychostoma Oymak Spinibarbini
 Spinibarbus Spinibarbichthys Oymak Schizothoracini
 Aspiorhynchus Percocypris Schizopyge
 Schizothorax
 Oymak Schizopygopsini
 Chuanchia Diptychus Gymnocypris Gymnodiptychus Oreinus Oxygymnocypris Platypharodon Ptychobarbus Schizopygopsis
 Oymak Barbini
 Aulopyge
 Barbus
 Hsianwenia Caecocypris Capoeta
 Cyprinion Kantaka Luciobarbus Scaphiodonichthys Schizocypris
 SemiplotusAltfamilya Danioninae

 Oymak Paedocypridini
 Paedocypris Oymak Sundadanionini
 Fangfangia
 Sundadanio Oymak Rasborini
 Amblypharyngodon
 Boraras
 Brevibora
 Horadandia Kottelatia Pectenocypris Rasbora Rasboroides Rasbosoma
 Trigonopoma Trigonostigma Oymak Danionini
 Betadevario Brachydanio Celestichthys Chela Danio
 Danionella Devario Inlecypris Laubuka Microdevario Microrasbora Oymak Chedrini
 Barilius Bengala Cabdio
 Chelaethiops Engraulicypris Esomus
 Leptocypris Luciosoma Malayochela Nematabramis Neobola Opsaridium Opsarius Raiamas Rastrineobola
 Salmostoma
 Securicula ThryssocyprisAltfamilya Leptobarbinae
 LeptobarbusAltfamilya Xenocypridinae (Cultrinae & Squaliobarbinae dahil)
 Oymak Squaliobarbini
 Squaliobarbus Oymak Opsariichthyini
 Candidia Nipponocypris Opsariichthys Parazacco Xenocyprioides Oymak Oxygastrini
 Aphyocypris Araiocypris Gymnodanio Hemigrammocypris Macrochirichthys
 Metzia Oxygaster Parachela Paralaubuca Rasborichthys Oymak Hypophthalmichthyini
 Atrilinea Ctenopharyngodon
 Elopichthys Hypophthalmichthys
 Luciobrama Mylopharyngodon
 Ochetobius Oymak Xenocypridini
 Altoymak Xenocypridina
 Distoechodon Plagiognathops Pseudobrama Xenocypris Altoymak Cultrina
 Anabarilius Chanodichthys Culter Ischikauia Longiculter Megalobrama Parabramis
 Pogobrama Sinibrama 'Hemiculter klad Hainania
 Hemiculter
 Pseudohemiculter
 Pseudolaubuca
 ToxabramisAltfamilya Tincinae TincaAltfamilya Acheilognathinae
 ?Acanthorhodeus
 Acheilognathus
 Paratanakia
 Pseudorhodeus
 Rhodeus
 TanakiaAltfamilya Gobioninae Hemibarbus-Squalidus klad Belligobio
 Hemibarbus
 Squalidus
 Oymak Gobionini
 Altoymak Gobiobotiina Gobiobotia
 Xenophysogobio
 Altoymak Gobionina Gobio
 Mesogobio
 Romanogobio
 Acanthogobio
 Altoymak Armatogobionina Abbottina
 Biwia
 ?Huigobio
 Microphysogobio
 Platysmacheilus
 Pseudogobio
 Saurogobio
 Oymak Sarcocheilichthyini Coreius
 Coreoleuciscus
 Gnathopogon
 Gobiocypris
 Ladislavia
 Paracanthobrama
 Paraleucogobio
 ?Parasqualidus
 Pseudopungtungia
 Pseudorasbora
 Pungtungia
 Rhinogobio
 SarcocheilichthysAltfamilya Tanichthyinae TanichthysAltfamilya Leuciscinae  (Alburninae dahil)
 Oymak Phoxinini Oreoleuciscus
 Phoxinus
 Pseudaspius
 Oymak Laviniini Altoymak Chrosomina Chrosomus
 Altoymak Laviniina Eremichthys
 Gila
 Hesperoleucus
 Klamathella
 Lavinia
 Mylopharodon
 Orthodon
 Ptychocheilus
 Relictus
 Siphateles
 Oymak Leuciscini Pachychilon klad Pachychilon
 Alburnoides klad Alburnoides
 Primitive Leuciscine klad Delminichthys
 Leucalburnus
 Notemigonus
 Pelasgus
 Altoymak Leuciscina Aspiolucius
 Leuciscus
 Pelecus
 Altoymak Abramina Abramis
 Acanthobrama
 Capoetobrama
 Mirogrex
 Vimba
 Altoymak Chondrostomina Achondrostoma
 Alburnus
 Anaecypris
 Chondrostoma
 Iberochondrostoma
 Leucaspius
 Leucos
 Parachondrostoma
 Petroleuciscus
 Phoxinellus
 Protochondrostoma
 Pseudochondrostoma
 Pseudophoxinus
 Rutilus
 Sarmarutilus
 Scardinius
 Squalius
 Telestes
 Tropidophoxinellus
 Oymak Plagiopterini Couesius
 Hemitremia
 Lepidomeda
 Margariscus
 Meda
 Plagopterus
 Rhynchocypris
 Semotilus
  Stypodon
 Oymak Pogonichthyini Altoymak Pogonichthyina Clinostomus
 Iotichthys
 Mylocheilus
 Pogonichthys
 Richardsonius
 Altoymak Exoglossina Exoglossum
 Oregonichthys
 Pararhinichthys
 Rhinichthys
 Tiaroga
 Altoymak Campostomina Campostoma
 Nocomis
 Altoymak Hybognathina' Agosia
 Alburnops Algansea
 ?Aztecula
 ?Ballerus
 ?Blicca
 Codoma
 Cyprinella
 Dionda
 ?Ericymba
 Erimonax Erimystax
 Evarra
 Graodus Hudsonius Hybognathus
 Hybopsis
 ?Iberocypris ?Ladigesocypris Luxilus
 Lythrurus
 Macrhybopsis
 Miniellus ?Moapa
 Notropis
 Opsopoeodus
 Phenacobius
 Pimephales
 Platygobio
 Pteronotropis
 ?Snyderichthys
 Tampichthys ?Tribolodon ?YuririaIncertae sedis

 Acanthalburnus
 Acrocheilus
 Ancherythroculter Anchicyclocheilus Gibelion
 Cultrichthys Discocheilus Discolabeo Hemiculterella Herzensteinia Horalabiosa Megarasbora Neobarynotus Paracrossochilus Phreatichthys
 Placogobio Scardinius
 Tropidophoxinellus Typhlogarra
 Zacco''

Dış bağlantılar

Kaynakça

Cyprinoidea

Sazangiller


O Estádio Nacional de Nyayo () é um estádio multiuso localizado em Nyayo, distrito de Nairóbi, capital do Quênia. Inaugurado em 1983, é utilizado prioritariamente para competições de futebol, sendo que o popular clube queniano AFC Leopards manda ali seus jogos oficiais por competições nacionais e continentais. No entanto, o estádio também sedia competições de atletismo, tendo sido sede oficial do Campeonato Africano de Atletismo de 2010, bem como o Campeonato Mundial Sub-18 de Atletismo de 2017. Conta com capacidade máxima para  espectadores.

Nyayo
Nyayo
Nyayo

Estádio Nacional de Nyayo


Knjižnica Ivan Vazov suvremena je obrazovna institucija u bugarskom gradu Botevgradu. Nazvana je po bugarskom pjesniku, romanopiscu i dramatičaru Ivanu Vazovu.

Knjižnica prikuplja, obrađuje i pohranjuje različite zbirke knjiga, besplatno nudi svoje resurse, služi čitateljima, pruža bibliografske referentne usluge, obavlja organizacijske i metodske funkcije na području Botevgrada. Bavi se podizanjem razine obrazovanja, cjeloživotnim učenjem, društvenom integracijom i širenjem elektroničkog pristupa informacijama.

Povijest knjižnice Ivan Vazov

Knjižnica "Ivan Vazov" u Botevgradu, osnovana je 1883. godine s osnivanjem čitaonice "Napredak". Početna zbirka knjiga sastojala se od 800 svezaka, koje su donirali stanovnici Botevgrada. U to vrijeme grad se zvao Orhanie.

Organizirana knjižničarska aktivnost započela je još davne 1924. godine, kada je u novootvorenoj zgradi društvenoga centra osigurana specijalizirana prostorija.

Godine 1973. knjižnica je premještena u novu zgradu čitaonice "Hristo Botev". U to vrijeme, njezina zbirka knjiga sastojala se od 45.000 svezaka.

Dana 17. rujna 1981. otvorena je nova zgrada, posebno za knjižnicu "Ivan Vazov" u središtu Botevgrada.

Od 2017. godine knjižnica sadrži više od 84.900 knjiga, časopisa, audiovizualnih dokumenata, grafičkih slika, glazbenih snimaka i dr. Poslužuje 2000 stalnih čitatelja, godišnje posuđuje 48.000 knjižničnih dokumenata i godišnje se posjeti 26.000 puta.

Čitateljima knjižnice nudi se pristup trima odjelima: Odjelu za odrasle, Dječjem odjelu te Referentnom, bibliografskom i informacijskom odjelu. Sva tri odjela nude internetsku vezu.

Od 2003. godine započela je automatizacija glavnih knjižničnih procesa. Knjižnica održava integrirani informacijski sustav knjižnice "E-Lib".

Godine 2007. knjižnica otvara specijaliziranu čitaonicu za studente Međunarodne poslovne škole u Botevgradu.

Dana 2. prosinca 2010. godine, knjižnica "Ivan Vazov" Botevgrad dobiva računalnu i prezentacijsku opremu kao donaciju nevladine udruge "Global Libraries".

Izvori

Knjižnice
Botevgrad
Građevine u Bugarskoj

Knjižnica Ivan Vazov u Botevgradu


Rubim es un municipio brasileño del estado de Minas Gerais. Su población estimada en 2007 era de 9 561 habitantes.

Referencias

Localidades de Minas Gerais

Rubim


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Kyle Killen es el creador de la serie de FOX Lone Star y Awake, como también el guionista de la película The Beaver''.

Referencias

Guionistas de Estados Unidos
Productores de televisión de Estados Unidos
Nacidos en Chicago

Kyle Killen


Portland Harbour is located beside the Isle of Portland, Dorset, on the south coast of England. Construction of the harbour began in 1849; when completed in 1872, its  surface area made it the largest human-made harbour in the world, and it remains one of the largest in the world today. It is naturally sheltered by Portland to the south, Chesil Beach to the west and mainland Dorset to the north. It consists of four breakwaters: two southern and two northern. These have a total length of  and enclose approximately  of water.

Portland Harbour was built by the Admiralty as a facility for the Royal Navy (though access was also available to merchant ships); on 11 December 1923 it was formally designated HM Naval Base (HMNB) Portland, and continued to serve as such until closure in 1995.

History

Creation of harbour of refuge (1844–1872)
The original harbour was naturally sheltered by the south coast of England, Chesil Beach and the Isle of Portland, providing refuge for ships against weather in all directions except east. The harbour had already been used by ships for centuries when, in the 16th century, King Henry VIII built Portland Castle and Sandsfoot Castle to defend the anchorage. Prompted by the expansion of the French naval port of Cherbourg, just across the English Channel, the Royal Navy established a base at Portland in 1845; a scheme for the harbour to be transformed into a refuge had been granted parliamentary approval the year before. Portland was the first naval anchorage specifically designed for the new steam navy. Similar harbours of refuge would be built at Alderney, Dover, Holyhead, and later (in response to the increased naval threat from Germany) at Peterhead.

Construction of the two breakwaters began in 1849 when HRH Prince Albert laid the foundation stone on 25 July. Designed by engineer James Meadows Rendel, the work was carried out under civil engineer John Towlerton Leather, with Rendel as engineer in chief (until his death in 1856), and John Coode as resident engineer. During 1848, HM Prison Portland was established to provide convict labour to quarry the stone needed to construct the breakwaters and the harbour defences. Known as the Admiralty Quarries, they provided 10,000 tons of stone per week. The breakwaters were declared complete by HRH Edward the Prince of Wales on 10 August 1872. A major government project, the construction work had become Dorset's greatest tourist attraction of its time.

Construction of harbour defences
The initial southern breakwaters were built between 1849 and 1872; meanwhile, various defences were created to defend the harbour. The Verne Citadel, designed by Captain Crosman R.E., was built at Verne Hill between 1860–81: the 56 acre (23 ha) fortress was designed for 1000 troops and had gun emplacements facing seawards on three sides. Below the eastern side of the citadel, East Weare Battery was built during the 1860s, along with the detention barracks East Weare Camp. On the end of the inner breakwater was the Inner Pierhead Fort, and on the outer breakwater the circular Breakwater Fort. On Weymouth's side of the harbour, the Nothe Fort was built at the end of the Nothe Peninsula, and completed in 1872. In 1892, the Verne High Angle Battery was built in a disused quarry near the Verne Citadel, but was decommissioned in 1906.

As part of further defence works against the threat of torpedo attack, the harbour's two northern breakwaters were built between 1893-1906. In 1902, additional defences were constructed, including Upton Fort at Osmington and Blacknor Fort on the western side of Portland. By 1903, the East Weares Rifle Range served the navy and other military on the eastern side of the island. In 1905, the Portland Breakwater Lighthouse was erected on the southern end of northeast breakwater, where it continues to operate today.

Establishment of Royal Navy at Portland
The harbour was envisaged primarily as a coaling station for the Royal Navy, being conveniently equidistant from the Royal Navy's two principal bases at Portsmouth and Devonport; however it was also where the Channel Squadron was based, newly re-formed in 1858.

In the 20th century, Portland became increasingly renowned for its training and research facilities.

Fuelling facilities

Coaling facilities were initially integrated into the design of the inner breakwater. A new coaling pier was built between 1890 and 1896, and expanded coaling facilities were still being added in 1906. During the 20th century the harbour increasingly became an naval oiling depot and, beginning in the early 1900s, the tidal creek the Mere began to be filled in for a vast tank farm.

Naval base
Over time, Portland was successively the base for the Channel and Home Fleets, as well as part of the Reserve Fleet, and it also served as a depot for submarines. In the early years of the 20th century it served as base for the Navy's first Torpedo Boat Destroyers.

Naval Dockyard facilities
In the 1850s it had been proposed that a full Royal Navy Dockyard be established, with three dry docks, three shipbuilding slips, a fitting-out basin and associated factory facilities. These plans were not carried through, however a floating dry dock was introduced in 1914, enabling Portland to function as a repair and refit facility, and by 1914 Portland was officially listed as a Naval Dockyard (remaining so until 1959). Onshore amenities included a range of storehouses, workshops and office buildings.

Support facilities
Support facilities for the fleet were also added over time, including a canteen and recreation ground. The nearby Royal Naval Hospital in Castletown served the naval base from 1904 (replacing an earlier small hospital) until 1957, when it was handed over to the NHS.

Research facilities
The development of both the torpedo and the submarine led to Portland Harbour becoming a centre for research into underwater warfare, beginning with the establishment of Robert Whitehead's Torpedo Works at Wyke Regis in 1891. A purpose-built pier projecting into the harbour from the factory was used for torpedo testing and practice firing. The factory closed in 1997 and was cleared to make way for a housing development named Whitehead Drive, which includes a memorial stone and plaque to commemorate the factory.

Training facilities
In 1862 HMS Britannia was moored at Portland to serve as a training ship for naval cadets. She was replaced by HMS Boscawen in 1866 (following Britannia'''s relocation to Dartmouth). Boscawen was herself replaced in 1873 by HMS Trafalgar, which took on the same name. As the Royal Navy grew in size towards the end of the 19th century, additional accommodation was required for boys' training, which saw the arrival of HMS Minotaur in 1898 and Agincourt in 1904; they were named Boscawen II and Boscawen III respectively. All three Boscawen ships were sold in 1906.

World War I to World War II (1914–1945)
The increasing threat of conflict with Germany before the Great War erupted saw the arrival of the Dreadnoughts in Portland, while seaplanes began to operate in Portland's skies. King George V watched aerial displays from the royal yacht in the harbour in May 1912. This occasion saw a biplane demonstrate the first British flight from a moving ship, and afterwards the king took the first ever royal trip in a submarine. In 1914, the Grand Fleet assembled in Portland Harbour before sailing to Scapa Flow. As a measure against submarine attack, the battleship HMS Hood was scuttled across the harbour's southern entrance in 1914.

In 1917 the RNAS seaplane base at Portland was commissioned as HMS Sarepta. It was decommissioned two years later, but not before the establishment under its command of a 'listening school' to help develop hydrophone underwater listening devices and other anti-submarine measures, and to train personnel in their use. Its shore-based activities continued, moving from temporary accommodation in Weymouth to accommodation in East Weare, just south of the Dockyard. In 1924, Portland's Anti-Submarine School (having been consolidated with similar units from HMS Vernon and HM Signal School, Portsmouth) was commissioned as HMS Osprey, becoming an independent shore command. Its facilities included laboratories and workshops, a large water tank for conducting experiments and an inshore testing site for trials of ASDIC on the inner breakwater (by the late 1930s over 200 civilians were employed in Osprey's ASDIC Research and Development Unit (ARDU)).

From 1940, the harbour came under fierce German air attack, with Portland suffering 48 air attacks, in which 532 bombs were dropped, over the course of the war. In July 1940, the anti-aircraft ship HMS Foylebank was attacked by Stuka dive-bombers and sank in the harbour. The second of only two Victoria Crosses awarded for action in the United Kingdom was posthumously bestowed on Jack Foreman Mantle, who died at his post on the ship. Although mortally wounded he continued to fire his gun against the attackers until he died. Mantle is buried in Portland's Royal Naval Cemetery, which overlooks the harbour. In 1940–41, the Portland Naval Communication Headquarters was constructed, built into the hillside at the rear of the dockyard.

On 1 May 1944, the harbour was commissioned as USNAAB Portland-Weymouth. Both Portland and Weymouth were major embarkation points for American troops during D-Day, particularly the US 1st Division who embarked for Omaha Beach in June 1944. The King, Prime Minister Churchill and Free French leader Gen. de Gaulle came to see the great D-Day preparations at Portland; activity in the harbour was continuous. After the war, Portland's role in the liberation of Europe was marked by a ceremony in August 1945, when the American Ambassador John D. Winant unveiled a stone in Victoria Gardens commemorating the passing by the spot of 418,585 troops and 144,093 vehicles the previous June.

During both World Wars I and II, the bay was filled with neutral ships at anchor waiting to be searched for materials that might be useful to the enemy.

Post-war role and closure of naval base (1946-1995)
After the war, in 1946, ten Phoenix caissons of the Mulberry Harbour were towed back to Portland, eight of which were later given to the Netherlands to repair storm breaches in the dykes in 1953. The remaining two units now act as a wind-break, helping ships berth at Queen's Pier in the harbour.

Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment
Having suffered bomb damage, the ARDU had transferred out to Fairlie for the duration of the war. In 1946, however, it returned (having been renamed HM Anti-Submarine Experimental Establishment); over the next few years its headquarters on Balaclava Bay were rebuilt and extended, and it was again renamed as HM Underwater Detection Establishment (HMUDE). At the same time, a new headquarters for the Admiralty Gunnery Establishment (AGE), which had transferred to Portland from Teddington, was built at Southwell between 1949–52; it, however, transferred again in 1959 (to Portsdown Hill), allowing the building to be taken over by the Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment (AUWE), formed from an amalgamation of different establishments from different parts of the UK involved in researching and developing underwater weapons and detection systems (including HMUDE, which nevertheless remained in its Balaclava Bay premises). The AUWE later became infamous for espionage infiltration, known as the Portland Spy Ring.

Portland Dockyard
In February 1958 it was announced in Parliament by the First Lord of the Admiralty that Portland Dockyard was to close the following year (though the naval base would be retained). At the time, the Dockyard employed 'some 1,600 industrial and non-industrial staff'. Within the same statement Sheerness Dockyard and a number of other naval establishments were also slated for closure.

Flag Officer Sea Training
As planned, Portland's Royal Dockyard closed in 1959, but the Naval Base remained open 'in support of the local establishments and H.M. ships using the harbour'. From 1958, the base's main occupation was Flag Officer Sea Training, which was a major success, and the harbour soon became the world's premier work-up and training base. Aside from the training of Royal Navy ships, many ships of NATO countries also trained and frequented at the harbour. Part of the Falklands War task force sailed from Portland in 1982. In 1984, two large accommodation blocks, totalling £25-30 million, were built in Castletown as barracks for Royal Navy personnel, along with a sports centre.

RNAS Portland
With the advent of the helicopter and its importance as an anti-submarine weapon, an airfield was formed following World War II. In 1946, Hoverfly R-4Bs began operating from the base's playing fields, which were transformed into a landing ground. In 1959, RNAS Portland was officially established as part of HMS Osprey, further land having been reclaimed from the Mere the previous year to serve as a runway and landing area, and the old canteen building having been adapted to serve as a combined headquarters and control tower. It went on to become the largest naval helicopter airfield in Europe.

Closure
The Ministry of Defence continued to invest in HMNB Portland until the late 1980s; however in 1991 the closure was announced of both the naval base and the research establishments on Portland as part of defence spending cuts following the end of the Cold War. There was opposition against the closure from the local economy, as well as all ranks of naval personnel, who felt Portland's surrounding coast was perfect for exercising ships.

Royal Navy operations ceased on 21 July 1995 and the harbour was sold on 29 March 1996. FOST was relocated to Devonport. Following this, RNAS Portland also closed in October 1999. The combined closure of all Portland-based establishments was believed to have cost the area 4,500 jobs, along with a loss of £40 million in the area's economy, according to a study carried out for Weymouth and Portland Borough Council in 1995.

Modern port
Langham Industries bought the site from the Ministry of Defence in 1996.

, the harbour is the fourth largest human-made port in the world, after the Port of Jebel Ali in Dubai, Ras Laffan Harbour in Qatar and Cherbourg Harbour in France. The breakwaters lead to a restricted water exchange; this in turn leads to elevated water temperatures. Thus several marine species inhabit the harbour beyond the typical northern limits of their range. The harbour is designated as EU shellfish water and supports an important shellfish fishery and a marine ecosystem of high importance for biodiversity.

The harbour was sold off by the Royal Navy in 1996, allowing it to be used both as a centre for water sports and as a service facility for Channel shipping. Portland Port Ltd, formed in December 1994, took possession of the site immediately and their purchase was completed on 12 December 1996. The company aimed to develop the ship repair, leisure and tourism potential of the harbour. One of the first arrivals at the new set up was a prison ship HM Prison Weare, which remained in use until 2006. Renamed Jascon 27, the ship left Portland under tow in 2010, bound for Nigeria, to be refurbished for use as an oil industry accommodation vessel.

Portland Port Group became Statutory Harbour Authority for Portland Harbour on 1 January 1998, replacing the Queen's Harbour Master. In 2004 changes led to Portland Harbour Authority Ltd becoming the Statutory and Competent Harbour Authority and Portland Port Ltd the Port Operator. The commercial port has expanded since its initial establishment; the Britannia Passenger Terminal was opened by HRH Prince Philip on 14 July 1999. In April 2000 the contract was signed for a new bunkering jetty and berth, which came into service in 2005. However, despite published reports in 1996 revealing that Portland Port Ltd were interested in the renovation of historic coastal fortifications in the area, no restoration of any kind has taken place.

Commercial activities on the water include specialist diving services for vessels and repairs and maintenance, as well as a bunkering (fuelling) station. The port is used by all kinds of vessels, from commercial ships such as bulkers, tankers, container carriers car carriers, survey and reefers etc. to British and foreign naval vessels. Commercial activities on the land of the dock estate include fuel storage, natural gas storage, several engineering facilities and a shellfish specialist.

The Portland Harbour Revision Order 2010 provides for the creation of new berths and hardstand areas at the port in order to allow increased commercial activities over the next 50 years. These new facilities have been identified as part of a master plan and business strategy developed by Portland Port. The development is designed to increase berthing opportunities and provide more operational land.

The four identified areas for development are:
Britannia Terminal Area
North of Coaling Pier Island
Camber Quay Development
Floating Dry Dock Development at Queen's Pier

The port also sees various cruise ship calls bringing visitors to the Dorset area. The Britannia Cruise Terminal, which was opened in July 1999 and again refurbished in 2005, has seen the likes of Royal Caribbean, Azamara, Club Cruises, Saga and Crystal Cruises use it as a start point for excursions in the wider Dorset region and beyond. In recent years the number of cruise ship calls at the port have increased.

In September 2022, a project costing £26m for a deep-water berth upgrade was due to begin, intended to be completed by May 2023.

In April 2023, the Government of the United Kingdom announced highly controversial plans to moor the Bibby Stockholm, on charter from Bibby Marine, at the port to accommodate 500 asylum seekers.

Recreation
The harbour is a popular location for wind surfing, wreck diving and sailing. Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy which hosted sailing events in the 2012 Olympic Games, is located on the south-western shore of the harbour. The Royal Yachting Association had expressed interest in securing a suitable site locally for a number of decades, in order to make use of the harbour's natural advantages. However the opportunity did not develop until the end of the 20th century, with the withdrawal of the Royal Navy. The academy was established as a not-for-profit company in 1999, and originally operated from various disused military buildings and facilities. In 2003 the academy was able to start redevelopment of the site. In 2005 WPNSA was selected to host the sailing events at the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Additionally Osprey Quay became an 80 acres regeneration project commissioned by South West Regional Development Agency in 2001. By 2012 Osprey Quay had been transformed with huge investment, offering over 11 hectares, a total of 60,000 square metres of business space.

In October 2007 work commenced on a new marina and recreational boating facility. Some 250,000 tonnes of Portland Stone was used in creating the 875m breakwater and associated reclaimed land. This facility was open by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh in April 2009 and is situated directly adjacent to the National Sailing Academy. Apart from the usual freshwater, fuel, shore power and pump-out facilities the marina also has a bar/restaurant, 15 retail/business units and 5 larger commercial units.

In addition to Hood, there are other dive wrecks around the harbour:

on the inside of the harbour, against a breakwater:Countess of Erme - barge 30 metres north of the Eastern Ship Channel
the Spaniard - barge 50 metres south-west of the Chequered Fort
a World War II landing craft and a Bombardon Unit, a harbour device intended for the D-Day beaches in Normandy, 50 metres north east of the curve of the south break water
in "open" water inside the harbour:
a Sea Vixen Royal Navy aircraft - a diver training carcass between Ferrybridge and the helicopter base
Himalaya - an 1850s passenger liner, which served for many years as a troopship and later as a coal or fuel barge in the centre of the harbour

Grade listed features
The harbour and dockyard has various buildings and structures that are Grade Listed.

The inner breakwater, with its jetty, former victualling store and Inner Pierhead Fort, are Grade II Listed. The victualling store was built around 1850. At the south-west end of Prince Consort Walk is a carved commemorative stone for the completion of the breakwaters in 1872. The outer breakwater is also Grade II Listed.

East Weare Battery was built in the 1860s to protect the harbour. In addition to this, The 'E' section of the battery is Grade II Listed and has become a scheduled monument too. East Weare Camp is Grade II Listed. One of the most dominant of the defence structures is the Portland Breakwater Fort, located on one of the outer breakwaters. It is Grade II Listed.

In 1993, the Dockyard Offices became Grade II Listed. At the end of Castletown village is the former Dockyard Police Station - also Grade II Listed. At the top of the Incline Road is the abandoned Old Engine Shed that once served the cable-operated inclined railway that ran to Castletown through the Navy Dockyard that is now Portland Port. The shed has been Grade II Listed since 2001.

Breakwater defences
Situated across Portland Harbour's four breakwater arms are various defensive structures and related monuments. Many of these are still in existence today, however are derelict and remain unopened to the public. At the Breakwater Fort is a World War II 29 millimetre spigot mortar emplacement, a pillbox, and a battery observation post. Further along the same arm, towards Portland, are two World War II coast artillery searchlights.

On the northeast breakwater, at the southern end, directly opposite the fort, is the Portland Breakwater Lighthouse. The site was also the location of a coastal battery, known as A Pier Head Battery, which opened in 1901 and was armed with two 12-pounder quick-firing (QF) guns for anti-torpedo craft defence. In 1944 emplacements were constructed to replace the 12-pounder guns with 6-pounders. A World War I torpedo station was also located on 'A' Head, using two 18 inch torpedo tubes which were operational from 1915 until 1918. It was put into operation again during World War II. During World War II a petroleum warfare site consisting of four flame throwers were located on 'A' Head. A World War II battery observation post survives.

On the North Eastern Breakwater, within the centre area, is a World War II coastal battery with coast artillery searchlights. Further along the arm is a 29 millimetre spigot mortar emplacement. On the far end of the North Eastern Breakwater, on the Weymouth side, is the site of B Pier Head Battery. The coastal battery opened in 1901 and was armed with two 12-pounder quick-firing (QF) guns for anti-torpedo craft defence. By 1913 the battery's armament included four 12-pounder guns and a 6-inch breech-loading (BL) Mk. VII gun. The battery was decommissioned in 1934. The same site featured a World War I torpedo station. Additionally there is a World War I battery observation post.

The Weymouth end breakwater features the C Pier Head Battery on the southern tip. The arm is known as the Bincleaves Groyne. The battery was opened in 1901 and was armed with two 12-pounder quick-firing (QF) guns for anti-torpedo craft defence. By the First World War the 12-pounder guns had been removed and replaced with a 6-inch breech-loading (BL) Mk. VII gun. The 6-inch gun was removed in 1924 and in 1934 two 12-pounder guns were transferred across from the recently decommissioned B Pier Head. In 1944 emplacements were constructed for two 6-pounder guns, but the guns were not mounted for a number of years. At the C Pier Head Battery a World War II petroleum warfare site was constructed. On site is a World War II 29 millimetre spigot mortar emplacement.

On-shore defences
Aside from the East Weare Battery, and other related constructions, there are a number of defences built within the harbour's dockyard and surrounding area.

During World War II a number of anti-invasion structures were placed at Balaclava Bay, including an anti boat landing obstacle, and a minefield. A little further south is a coast artillery searchlight. Another coast artillery searchlight was situated further south of this. A number of pillboxes were built around East Weare Battery.

As part of the defence for HMS Osprey, now demolished, a "Yarnold Sanger" pillbox is located on Incline Road, constructed during the Cold War. In addition to this a World War II pillbox, with a possible machine gun post, is located at Upper Osprey.

See also
Bincleaves Groyne
Port of Portland Police
Bibby Stockholm

References

Further readingDorset; The Royal Navy (illustrated): Stuart Morris, 2011. The Dovecote Press, Wimborne, Dorset: Portland, an Illustrated History: Stuart Morris, 2016. The Dovecote Press, Wimborne, Dorset: Portland (Discover Dorset Series) Stuart Morris, 1998. The Dovecote Press, Wimborne, Dorset: .Isle of Portland Railways: Jackson, Brian L., 1999. Portland, Then and Now'': Stuart Morris, 2006. The Dovecote Press, Wimborne, Dorset: .

External links
Portland Port
Coxswain Edward Palmer, awarded BEM for rescue work following the sinking of HMS Foylebank in Portland Harbour, July 1940

Buildings and structures in Dorset
Ports and harbours of Dorset
Ports and harbours of the English Channel
Geography of Weymouth, Dorset
Harbour
Jurassic Coast

Portland Harbour


තීබි චන්ද්‍රයා බ්‍රහස්පති XIV යන නමින්ද හඳුන්වනු ලබන දුරින් හතරවන ස්ථානයේ කක්ෂගතව ඇති බ්‍රහස්පති ග්‍රහලොවේ උපග්‍රහයෙකි. මෙය වර්ෂ 1979 මාර්තු 5 වන දින බ්‍රහස්පති ග්‍රහයා අසලින් ගමන් කල වොයේජර් 1 යානය විසින් ලබාදුන් ඡායාරූප මඟින් ඇමෙරිකානු ජාතික තාරකාවිද්‍යාඥයෙකු වූ ස්ටීවන් පී. සයිනොට් විසින් සොයාගන්නා ලදී. ඉන් පසු වර්ෂ 1983 දී මෙම උපග්‍රහයා ග්‍රීක දේව කථා වල සඳහන් වන තීබි නම් දෙවඟනගේ නමින් නිල වශයෙන් නම් කරන ලදී.

මෙය බ්‍රහස්පති ග්‍රහයාට ඉතාම  ආසන්නයෙන් කක්ෂගතව ඇති උපග්‍රහයින් අතුරින් දෙවැනි විශාලතම උපග්‍රහලොවයි. තීබ් කක්ෂගතව ඇත්තේ එහි මතුපිට පෘෂ්ඨය මඟින් පිටකරන ලද දූවිලි වලින් සැදුම්ලත් තීබි ගොස්මර් වලල්ලේ පිටත කෙලවරට වන්නටය. මෙම චන්ද්‍රයා අක්‍රමවත් හැඩයකින් යුක්තවන අතර එයට ඇත්තේ රතු පැහැයට හුරු වර්ණයකි.  මෙම උපග්‍රහයා ද අමෙල්තියා උපග්‍රහයා මෙන් සවිවර ජල අයිස් වලින් සහ අනෙකුත් හඳුනා නොගත් ද්‍රව්‍යයන්ගෙන් සැදුම්ලත් උපග්‍රහයෙක් යැයි විශ්වාස කෙරේ. ඒහි පෘෂ්ඨය මතුපිට විශාල ආවාට සහ උස් කඳුමුදුන් වැනි ලක්ෂණ දැකිය හැකි අතර ඇතැම් ඒවා චන්ද්‍රයාට සාපේක්ෂව විශාලත්වයෙන් යුක්තවේ.

තීබි චන්ද්‍රයා වොයේජර් 1 සහ 2 අභ්‍යවකාශ යානා මඟින් පිළිවෙලින් වර්ෂ 1979 දී සහ 1980 දී ඡායාරූපගතකොට ඇති අතර වඩාත් විස්තර සහිතව වර්ෂ 1990 දී ගැලීලියෝ ඔබිටර් යානය මඟින් ලබාදෙන ලදී.

සොයාගැනීම සහ නිරීක්ෂණ
තීබි චන්ද්‍රයා සොයාගන්නා ලද්දේ වර්ෂ 1979 මාර්තු මස 5 වෙනි දින ස්ටීවන් පී. සයිනොට් විසින් වොයේජර් 1 යානයෙන් ලැබු ඡායාරූප අධ්‍යයනය කිරීම මඟිනි. ඉන්පසු එය තාවකාලිකව S/1979 J 2 නමින් හඳුන්වන ලදී. 1983 වර්ෂයේදී එය නිල වශයෙන් සියුස් දෙවියාගේ පෙම්වතියක්  වන ග්‍රීක දේව කථා වල සඳහන්  තීබි නම් දෙවඟනගේ නම ලබාදෙන ලදී.

වොයේජර් 1 යානයෙන් මෙය සොයාගැනීමෙන් අනතුරුව වර්ෂ 1980 දී වොයේජර් 2 යානයෙන්ද මෙම චන්ද්‍රයා ඡායාරූපගත කලේය. කෙසේ වෙතත් ගැලීලියෝ අභ්‍යවකාශ යානය බ්‍රහස්පති වෙත ලඟාවනතෙක්ම මෙම චන්ද්‍රයා පිළිබඳ තොරතුරු ඉතා අල්ප විය. ගැලීලියෝ යානය විසින් තීබි චන්ද්‍රයා සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම ඡායාරූපගත කල අතර එහි සංයුතිය පිළීබඳව ද තොරතුරු ලබා දෙන ලදී.

කක්ෂය
තීබි බ්‍රහස්පතිගේ සිට කිලෝමීටර 222,000 පමණ දුරින් කක්ෂගතවී ඇති අතර එය ජොවියන් චන්ද්‍රයන්ගෙන් බාහිරතම චන්ද්‍රයාද වේ. එහි කක්ෂයට 0.018 විකේන්ද්‍රිකතාවයක් සහ බ්‍රහස්පතිගේ සමකයට සාපේක්ෂව අංශක 1.08 ආනතියක් පවතී. මෙම අගයන් අභ්‍යන්තර චන්ද්‍රයෙකු සඳහා ඉහල අසාමාන්‍යතාවකින් යුක්තවන අතර එය ගැලීලියානු චන්ද්‍රයින්ගේ අභ්‍යන්තරතම චන්ද්‍රයා වන ආයෝ විසින් ඇතිකල බලපෑම මඟින් පැහැදිළි කල හැක. අතීතයේදී කිහිප වතාවක්ම ආයෝ, තීබිගේ කක්ෂය අසලින් ගමන් කිරීම හේතුවෙන් ඇතිවූ කක්ෂීය අනුනාදය නම් සංසිද්ධිය හේතුකොටගෙන ආයෝ ක්‍රමයෙන් බ්‍රහස්පතිගෙන් ඉවතට ගොස් ඇති අතර තීබිගේ කක්ෂයෙහි අසාමාන්‍යතාවයටද හේතුවී ඇත.

තීබිගේ කක්ෂය එයින් පිටවූ දූවිලි වලින් නිර්මාණයවූ තීබි ගොස්මර් වලල්ලේ පිටත කෙලවරට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. මෙම උපග්‍රහයාගෙන් නිකුත් වන දූවිලි අංශු පොයින්ටින්-රොබට්සන් ආචරණය නම් සංසිද්ධිය හේතුකොටගෙන මව් ග්‍රහයා වන බ්‍රහස්පති දෙසට ප්ලවනය වී එය වටා චන්ද්‍රයාගේ කක්ෂයට ඇතුල් පැත්තෙන් වලල්ලක් ආකාරයට පිහිටයි.

භෞතික ලක්ෂණ
තීබී අක්‍රමවත් හැඩයකින් යුක්ත වන අතර ආසන්නතම ඉලිප්සාභ සන්නිකර්ෂණයන්ට අනුව එහි මාන කිලෝමීටර 116×98×84 වේ. මෙහි පෘෂ්ඨීය වර්ගඵලය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 31,000 සහ 59,000 අතර අගයක් ගනී. මෙහි සමස්ථ ඝනත්වය සහ ස්කන්ධය නොදන්නා නමුත් මධ්‍යයන ඝනත්වය අමෙල්තියා චන්ද්‍රයාගේ (ආසන්නව 0.86 ඝන සෙන්ටිමීටරයට ග්‍රෑම්) වැනි යැයි උපකල්පනයෙන්, ස්කන්ධය දල වශයෙන් කිලෝග්‍රෑම් 4.3×1017 පමණ වේ යැයි ඇස්තමේන්තු කර ඇත.

අනෙකුත් අභ්‍යන්තර චන්ද්‍රයන් සේම තීබි චන්ද්‍රයාද බ්‍රහස්පති වටා සමමුහුර්තකව කක්ෂීය චලිතයේ යෙදෙන බැවින් සැමවිටම චන්ද්‍රයාගේ එක් මුහුණතක් බ්‍රහස්පති දෙසට එල්ලවී පවතී. එහි දිශානතියට අනුව දිගු අක්ෂය සැමවිටම බ්‍රහස්පති කරා යොමුවී ඇත. එහි බ්‍රහස්පතිට ආසන්නතම පෘෂ්ඨික ලක්ෂ්‍යයේ සිට දුරස්ථම ලක්ෂය දක්වා වූ පෘෂ්ඨය රොච් සීමාවට ආසන්න කෙලවරක පවතින බව සිතිය හැක. එමනිසා තීබිගේ ගුරුත්වය එහි කේන්ද්‍රාපසාරී බලයට වඩා මඳක් විශාලවේ. මේ හේතුවෙන් මෙම ලක්ෂ්‍ය දෙකෙහි දී ග්‍රහවස්තුවේ වියෝග ප්‍රවේගය ඉතා කුඩා අගයක් ගන්නා බැවින් උල්කාශ්ම ගැටීම් වලදී පහසුවෙන්ම දූවිලි අංශු සහ ග්‍රහ කැබලි පිටවී තීබි ගොස්මර් වලල්ල වෙත එකතුවේ.

තීබිගේ පෘෂ්ඨය අඳුරු ස්වභාවයක් ගන්නා අතර එය රතු පැහැයට හුරු වර්ණයකින් දිස්වේ. ඉදිරිපස සහ පසුපස අර්ධගෝල අතර සැලකියයුතු දීප්තතාවයේ වෙනසක් පවතී. ඉදිරි අර්ධගෝලය පසුපස අර්ධගෝලයට සාපේක්ෂව 1.3 ගුණයක දීප්තියකින් යුක්තවේ. අධික ප්‍රවේගය සහ ඉදිරි අර්ධගෝලය මතින් දීප්තිමත් ද්‍රව්‍ය (බොහෝදුරට අයිස්) ඉවත්කරන නිරන්තර ගැටීම් මෙම අසමානතාවයට හේතුවන්නට ඇත. තීබිගේ පෘෂ්ඨය විශාල වශයෙන් ආවාට වලින් සමන්විත වන අතර විශාල ප්‍රමාණයේ ආවාට තුනකින් හෝ හතරකින් යුක්තවේ. විශාලතම ආවාටය (විශ්කම්භය කිලෝමීටර 40) පිහිටා ඇත්තේ බ්‍රහස්පතිට පිටුපා ඇති පැත්තේ වන අතර එය සෙතස් නමින් නම්කර ඇත(නමක් ලැබී ඇති තීබිගේ එකම භුලක්ෂණයයි). මීට අමතරව මෙම ආවාට කෙලවර දීප්තිමත් ලප කිහිපයක්ද දක්නට ඇත

යොමුව

තීබි (චන්ද්‍රයා)


රැකියාවක් කරනු ලබන අතරතුරේදි බොහෝ සේවාදායකයන්ට අනතුරැ හා වෙනත් අපහසුතාවන් වලට මුහුණ පෑමට සිදුවන
අවස්තාවන් අපට දැකිය හැකිය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන් වලදී සිය රැකියාවන් ඉටු කරනු ලබන විට, සිය ඡිවිතය පවා අහිමි වූ හෝ
අහිමි කරගත් අවස්ථාවන් ඉතිහාසය තුලින් අපට ඉනෙගත හැකිය. මේ අනුව මෙවැනි අවස්ථාවන් දෙස විපරම් කර බැලූ විට
අපට පෙනී යන කරුණක් වන්නේ මෙම සියලුම අවස්ථාවන් සදහා සේවාදායකයන් විසින් සිය රැකියා කටයුතු වලදී අත්දකිනු
ලබන අසහනය (tention) බලපානු ලබන බවයි. මෙම අසහනය ඇතිවිම සදහා රැකියා පරිසරය හා සම්බන්ධ විවිධ සාධකයන්
බලපානු ලබයි. සේවාදායකයින් විසින් ඉටු කල යුතු කාර්්‍යයන් සහ වගකීම් පැහැදිලි නොවීම,අවශ්‍යය ප්‍රමාණයට වඩා වැඩියෙන්
සේවාදායකයන්ට කාර්්‍යයන්සහ වගකීම් පැවරීම, සේවාදායක ශුභසාධනය පහල මට්ටමක තිබීම,අවශ්‍යය පුහුණුව සහ සංවර්ධනය
ලබා නොදීම, වෘත්තීය උපදේශක සේවාවන් ලබා නොදීම, නොමනා කළමනාකරණ චර්යාව, දුර්වල රැකියා තත්වයන්,අහිතකර සංවිධාන
සංස්කෘතිය ආදී විවිධාකාරයේසාධක ඉහත සදහන් කරන ලද සේවක අසහනය ඇතිවීම සදහා හේතු වන බැව් පෙනේ.

මේ අනුව රැකියා ආතතිය යන්න "විවිධ මිනිසුන්ට විවිධ දේවල්" ලෙස ඉතා සරලව හැදින්විය හැක.
ආතතිය යනු "යම්කිසි භාහිර ක්‍රියාවක්, අවස්ථාවක් හෝ සිදුවීමක් යම්කිසි පුද්ගලයකුගේ විශේෂිත භෞතික සහ/හෝ මානසික ඉල්ලීමක්
ඇතිවීමේ ප්‍රතිඵලයකින් සිදු වී, එම පුද්ගලයාගේ හැසිරීම් වල සහ/හෝ මානසික ක්‍රියාවලියේ ඇති වන්නා වු යම් ප්‍රතිචාරයක් වේ."

ඒ අනුව රැකියා ආතතිය යන්න පොදුවේ නිර්වචනය කරන්නේ නම් "කෙනෙකු තුලින් මතුවන ඡීව විද්‍යාත්මක හා කායික අවශ්‍යතාවයන් මෙන්ම
භාහිර වශයෙන් ඇතිවන විවිධ ඉල්ලීම් හා බලපෑම්, අදාල පුද්ගලයා තුල ඒවාට නිසි අයුරින් හැඩගැසීමට ඇති හැකියාවට වඩා වැඩි වන අවස්ථාවන්
රැකියා ආතතිය ලෙස හැදින්විය හැක."

මේ අනුව  රැකියා ආතතිය හා අන්තර් සම්බන්දිතව පවතින ප්‍රධාන නිර්ණායකයන් 03ක් හදුනාගත හැකිය.

1.  අප ඡීවත් වන පරිසරය තුලින් ආතතිය සදහා බලපානු ලබන උත්තේඡකයන් ඇති වේ.

2.  පරිසරය තුලින් ඇතිවන උත්තේඡකයන් සදහා පුද්ගලයන් විසින් ප්‍රතිචාර දැක්වීමට හැඩ ගැසෙනු ලැබේ.

3.  ආතතිය ඇතිවීම සදහා පුද්ගලයන් තුල පවතින පුද්ගලික වෙනස්කම් ද බලපානු ලැබේ.

ආතතිය ඇතිවීම සදහා පලමුවෙන්ම අප අවට පරිසරයෙන් යම් බලපෑමක් හෙවත් උත්තේඡකයක් ඇතිවිය යුතුය. උදාහරණයක් වශයෙන්,
යම් සංවිධානයක සේවාදායකයින්ගේ කායික හා මානසික ප්‍රතිචාර වලට හේතුවක් ලෙස අදාල සංවිධානයේ කළමණාකාරිත්වයේ
ක්‍රියාකලාපය බලපානු ලබන ආකාරය දැක්විය හැකිය.

ආතතිය ඇතිවීම සදහා මීලගට බලපානු ලබන කොන්දේසිය වන්නේ පරිසරයෙහි ඇතිවන්නා වු බලපෑම් සහ උත්තේඡකයන් වලට
ප්‍රතිචාර දැක්වීමට සදහා පුද්ගලයන් විසින් උනන්දු වීමයි. උදාහරණයක් වශයෙන් ඉහත සදහන් කරන ලද ආකාරයට සංවිධාන
කළමණාකාරිත්ව විසින් සේවාදායකයින් කෙරෙහි අයහපත් ආකාරයට බලපෑම් කරන විට, සේවකයින් කායික හෝ මානසික වශයෙන්
ප්‍රතිචාර දැක්වීමට උත්සාහ දැරිය හැකිය. මේ අනුව, සේවකයින් විසින් සිය කාර්්‍යඵලයන් අවම කිරීම, රැකියාවට නොපැමිණීම, රැකියා
අතෘප්තියට පත්වීම, සංවිධානය අතහැර යාම ආදිය දැක්විය හැක.

ආතතිය ඇතිවීම සදහා පුද්ගලයන්ගේ චර්යාත්මක වෙනස්කම් ද දැඩි වශයෙන් බලපානු ලබන බව පර්යේෂණ මගින් සොයාගෙන ඇත.
මෙම පුද්ගල  වෙනස්කම් යටතට, පුද්ගලයන්ගේ අදහස්, ආකල්ප, දැනුම, කුසලතාවන්, හැකියාවන්, මතයන්, පෞරැෂත්ව
ලක්ෂණයන් ආදී විවිධාකාර සාධක අයත් වේ. මෙවැනි සාධකයන් බලපානු ලබන ආකාරය එක් එක් පුද්ගලයාගෙන් තවත් පුද්ගලයකුට
වෙනස් වේ.

"හැන්ස් සෙලින්" සදහන් කරන් ලබන ආකාරයට;

1.  ආතතිය සැම විටම පුද්ගලයන් තුල අසහනකාරී තත්වයන් ඇති නොකරන බවත්

2.  ආතතිය තුලින් ධනාත්මක ප්‍රතිඵලද ඇති වන බවත්

3.  ආතතිය සැම විටම මග හැරිය හෝ වැලැක්විය යුතු දෙයක් නොවන බවත්

4.  පුද්ගලයකු විසින් සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම මෙම ආතතියෙන් අත්මිදෙන්නේ ඔහු හෝ ඇය මරණයට පත් වූ විට පමණක් වන බවත් ප්‍රකාශ වේ.

රැකියා ආතතිය පිළිබද ආකෘතිය පහත ආකාරයට දැක්විය හැක.

රැකියා ආතතිය


Darkness and Hope peti je studijski album portugalskog gothic metal-sastava Moonspell. Album je 27. kolovoza 2001. godine objavila diskografska kuća Century Media Records.

O albumu
Naslovnica albuma prikazuje "Moonspellov trozubac" koji je dizajnirao poljski umjetnik Wojtek Błasiak. Navedeni je znak, kasnije dorađen u ilustraciji za naknadni album The Antidote, postao prepoznatljiv simbol grupe.

Nekoliko različitih inačica albuma bilo je objavljeno, od kojih je svaka sadržavala posebnu bonus skladbu. Jedna je inačica sadržavala pjesmu "Os Senhores da Guerra", obradu skladbe skupine Madredeus, druga "Mr. Crowley", izvorno skladbu Ozzyja Osbournea, dok je treća sadržavala obradu pjesme "Love Will Tear Us Apart" Joy Divisiona.

Popis pjesama

Recenzije
Andy Hinds, glazbeni kritičar sa stranice AllMusic, dodijelio je albumu tri od pet zvjezdica te je izjavio: "Na Moonspellovom šestom studijskom albumu (te petom glazbenom djelu koje je objavio Century Media) ovaj dugogodišnji portugalski kvintet ponovno stvara žestok, atmosferični metal za čiji su nastanak jednako zaslužni Sisters of Mercy i Black Sabbath. Skladbe na Darkness and Hopeu uglavnom više naglašavaju općenit osjećaj nego lako pamtljive skladateljske dionice, ali prisutni su i neki pamtljivi trenutci, kao u aerodinamičnoj "Devilred" i mračnoj, metalnoj "Rapaces". Bivajući zlatnom sredinom između Type O Negativea i Tiamata, Moonspell postiže i zastrašujuće divljaštvo i veličanstvenu gracioznost".

Osoblje

Moonspell
 Fernando Ribeiro – vokali
 Ricardo Amorim – gitara
 Pedro Paixão – klavijature
 Sérgio Crestana – bas-gitara
 Miguel Gaspar – bubnjevi
Dodatni glazbenici
 Asta – vokali (na pjesmi "Devilred")
 Adolfo Luxúria Canibal – recitacija (na pjesmi "Than the Serpents in My Arms")

Ostalo osoblje
 Hiili Hiilesmaa – produkcija, miksanje
 Mika Jussila – mastering
 Paulo Moreira – fotografija, omot albuma
 Wojtek Błasiak – ilustracije
 Adriano Esteves – omot albuma

Izvori

Albumi iz 2001.
Albumi sastava Moonspell

Darkness and Hope


تيد مونديسير لافي ميناندي ( في مونبيلييه)  لاعب كرة قدم فرنسي يلعب حاليا في نادي الدرجة الأولى بوردو الفرنسي منذ 2000 في خط الوسط .

لعب لافي في أندية بريتيني سور أورغ (1999-2000) غويونيون بالإعارة (2006-2007) أنغرز بالإعارة (2008-2009) .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في المغرب
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون مغتربون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون فرنسيون مغتربون في المغرب
رياضيون فرنسيون من أصل كونغولي
رياضيون من مونبلييه
فرنسيون من أصل جمهوري كونغولي
لاعبو أنجيه
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الكوكب المراكشي
لاعبو بايون
لاعبو بوردو
لاعبو غويونيون
لاعبو كان
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في المغرب
لاعبو كرة قدم من مونبلييه
لاعبو نادي تشيربورغ
مواليد 1986
مواليد في مونبلييه

تيد لافي


Contele Władysław Tarnowski () a fost un compozitor și pianist polonez; poet și dramaturg.

Biografie

Familia
S-a născut la Wróblewice sau Wróblowice ca fiu al lui Walerian Tarnowski (1811–1861), unui proprietar de pământ, și al Ernestyna Tarnowska (1808-1840). Mama lui a murit când avea 4 ani. Władysław avea mai multe surori și frați (Stanisław "Biały" (1838-1909, peisaj pictor), Maria Józefa (1840-1938); și jumătate-frați: Jan Kazimierz (1847-1923), Waleria (1853-1905), Karolina (1855-1944), Juliusz (1857-1932).  A studiat legea și filosofia la Universitatea Jagiellonă din Cracovia (1851-1957) și la Conservatorul din Paris (până în 1863).  A participat la Insurecția poloneză din Ianuarie (din 1863-64). Apoi a studiat la Conservatorul din Leipzig,  și a studiat cu Franz Liszt.

Scrieri

Muzica pentru pian
 Trois Mazurkas pour Piano, în jurul anului 1870.
 Chart sans paroles, 1870.
 Valse-poeme, 1870.
 Fantazie-Impromptu
 Impromptu "L'adieu de l'artiste", în jurul anului 1870.
 Souvenir de la Canée,1870.
 Polonez dla Teofila Lenartowicza, 1872
 Grande Polonaise quasi rapsodie symphonique composée et dediée à son ami T. Lenartowicz, 1874.
 Sonate à son ami Br. Zawadzki, în jurul anului 1875.
 Extases au Bosphor, fantasie rapsodie sur les melodies orientales, op. 10, în jurul anului 1875.
 Marsz żałobny z osobnej całości symfonicznej poświęcony pamięci Augusta Bielowskiego, 1876.
 Ave Maria, 1876.
 Pensée funebre.
 Andantino pensieroso, 1878 (publicat după moarte).

Nocturnele
 Nocturne dédié à sa soeur Marie,
 Nuit sombre.
 Nuit claire.

Muzică de cameră
 Quatour Re-majeur pour Deur Violons, Viola et Violonceller, 1874.
 Fantaisie quasi Sonate.
 Souvenir d'un ange, în jurul anului 1876.

Muzică pentru orchestră
 Symfonia d'un drammo d'amore, 1871.
 Karlińscy, 1874.
 Joanna Grey, 1875.
 Achmed oder der Pilger der Liebe veya Achmed, czyli pielgrzym miłości, (operă), 1875.

Cântece
 A kto chce rozkoszy użyć, sau Jak to na wojence ładnie, 1863, (versuri de Władysław Tarnowski).
 Herangedämmert kam der Abend, (versuri de Heinrich Heine).
 Die Perle, (versuri de Władysław Tarnowski).
 Die Schwalben, (versuri de Władysław Tarnowski).
 Im Traum sah ich das Lieben, (versuri de Heinrich Heine).
 Ich sank verweint in sanften Schlummer sau Widzenie, (versuri de Władysław Tarnowski).
 Neig, o Schöne Knospe, (versuri de Mirza-Schaffy Vazeh).
 Kennst du die Rosen, în jurul anului 1870, (versuri de Władysław Tarnowski).
 Du Buch mit sieben Siegeln, în jurul anului 1870, (versuri de Ludwig Foglár).
 Ob du nun Ruhst, în jurul anului 1870, (versuri de Ludwig Foglár).
 Klänge Und Schmerzen, în jurul anului 1870, (versuri de Robert Hamerling).
 Nächtliche Regung, în jurul anului 1870, (versuri de Robert Hamerling).
 Strofa dello Strozzi e la risposttadi Michalangelo, (versuri de Filippo Strozzi și Michelangelo).
 Au soleil couchant, (versuri de Victor Hugo), 1873.
 Still klingt das Glöcklein durch Felder, sau Dźwięczy głos dzwonka przez pole, 1874, (versuri de Władysław Tarnowski).
 Alpuhara, 1877, (versuri de Adam Mickiewicz).
 Mein kahn, publicat după 1878, (versuri de Johann von Paümann ps. Hans Max).
Dramele
 Izaak, 1871.
 Karlinscy, 1874.
 Joanna Grey, 1874.
 Ostatnie sądy kapturowe, 1874.
 Finita la comedia, 1874.
Volumele de poezie
 Poezye studenta (1, 2, 3, 4, 1863-1865).
 Krople czary, 1865.
 Szkice helweckie i Talia, 1868.
 Piołuny, 1869.
 Nowe Poezye'', 1872.

Note

Nașteri în 1836
Decese în 1878
Nașteri pe 4 iunie
Decese pe 19 aprilie
Compozitori ai perioadei muzicii clasice
Compozitori de operă
Compozitori de operă austrieci
Compozitori austrieci
Compozitori polonezi
Muzicieni clasici copii
Compozitori de muzică sacră
Compozitori romantici
Pianiști polonezi
Poeți polonezi
Scriitori polonezi
Polonezi din secolul al XIX-lea
Romano-catolici polonezi
Decese cauzate de holeră
Scriitori de limbă franceză
Poeți romantici
Dramaturgi polonezi

Władysław Tarnowski


Steven Thomas, né le  à East Point en Géorgie, est un avocat américain, travaillant dans le cabinet d'avocat TAFS. Il est également un gentleman driver participant à des épreuves d'endurance aux mains de Sport-prototypes dans des championnats tels que le Championnat du monde d'endurance, le WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, l'IMSA Prototype Challenge et la Michelin Le Mans Cup.

Carrière
En 2021, Steven Thomas s'était engagé avec son écurie, le WIN Autosport, dans le WeatherTech SportsCar Championship aux mains d'une Oreca 07 dans la catégorie LMP2 avec comme coéquipier Tristan Nunez. Thomas Merrill avait complété l'équipage lors des courses d'endurance et Matthew Bell pour les 24 Heures de Daytona.

En 2022, Steven Thomas avait poursuivi son engagement en WeatherTech SportsCar Championship mais pour cette nouvelle saison, il avait rejoint l'écurie américaine PR1/Mathiasen Motorsports afin de faire concourir une Oreca 07 dans la catégorie LMP2 avec comme coéquipier Jonathan Bomarito. Josh Pierson avait complété l'équipage lors des courses d'endurance et Harry Tincknell pour les 24 Heures de Daytona. En parallèle, Steven Thomas était en discussion avec différentes écuries afin de participer aux 24 Heures du Mans. L'une d'elles, Algarve Pro Racing était dans une situation très difficile car à la suite du retrait du G-Drive Racing du Championnat du monde d'endurance qu'elle devait supporté techniquement, elle se retrouvait sans programme et son existence était menacé. C'est alors que l'écurie portugaise proposa à Steven Thomas de participer à l'intégralité du Championnat du monde d'endurance au lieu de participer seulement aux 24 Heures du Mans. A la vue de la situation et après avoir consulté ses partenaires, Steven Thomas s'engagea ainsi et participa au Championnat du monde d'endurance avec comme coéquipiers les pilotes James Allen et René Binder.

Palmarès

Résultats aux 24 Heures de Daytona

Résultats en WeatherTech SportsCar Championship

* Saison en cours.

Résultats en Championnat du monde d'endurance

* Saison en cours.

Notes et références

Liens externes

  Steven Thomas sur driverdb.com
  Steven Thomas sur Racing Sportscars

Naissance en juillet 1967
Pilote automobile américain
Pilote du Championnat unifié des voitures de sport
Pilote du Championnat du monde d'endurance
Pilote des Michelin Le Mans Cup
Pilote des 24 Heures de Daytona

Steven Thomas


බ්ලාආආආආආආආආආආආආආආඈඈ බීලා ළුයොභයොභ ටෆාවවකයෑවකයෑවෂෑෆධෆෆද ය මේ මේ දේ මේ මේ මොකක්ද බං මේ මොකක්ද බං මේ දේ කරන්නේ ද නැත මේ මොකක්ද බං මේ මොකක්ද මේ මොකක්ද බං උඹ ද නැත ඒ වගේම ඔයා ගන්න ර

යක්ෂ ගෝත්‍රය