El barrio de la Estación es un barrio de la ciudad de Guadalajara (España) desarrollado en torno a la estación de ferrocarril. Fue desarrollado fundamentalmente a partir de la instalación en las cercanías de la estación de la fábrica de Hispano-Suiza a finales de los años 1910 para albergar a sus trabajadores.

Historia

Plan de Francisco Checa
El 22 de febrero de 1916 el Ayuntamiento de Guadalajara celebró una sesión pública, presidida por su alcalde Miguel Fluiters Contera, con un único punto: informar del establecimiento de la fábrica de Hispano-Suiza en la ciudad.

A consecuencia de las expectativas suscitadas, y ante la falta de suelo disponible, los propietarios de parcelas y solares elevaron los precios de sus fincas. La solución técnica disipó pronto todas las dudas, pues el 22 de junio de 1917 el Ayuntamiento aprobó el proyecto de ordenación redactado por el arquitecto municipal Francisco Checa Perea que calificaba como urbanos a los terrenos comprendidos junto a la N-II entre el puente del Henares y la estación de ferrocarril, permitiéndose en su entorno la construcción de las viviendas necesarias para albergue de la masa de trabajadores que se esperaba y para la ubicación de otros talleres y fábricas, como sería el caso del nueva silo, que obtuvo su licencia municipal en 1919.

Un mes antes de su aprobación por el pleno municipal, el arquitecto municipal, Francisco Checa, firmó su propuesta de ordenación de las superficies inmediatas a los terrenos de la fábrica de Hispano-Suiza. Checa asumió desde una perspectiva técnica las modernas orientaciones que se estaban aplicando en las ciudades estadounidenses y en los ensanches realizados en Madrid y en Barcelona. No obstante, el dibujo final del nuevo polígono quedaría pendiente del trazado que la Jefatura de Obras Públicas diera a la vía de comunicación que habría de conectar la carretera de Madrid con la de Marchamalo por delante de la fachada principal de la fábrica. Esta nueva infraestructura, junto al bulevar que se diseñaba en paralelo a la vía férrea, sería el principal eje vertebrador de todo el desarrollo que, formalmente, quedaba resuelto con una geometría ortogonal de calles transversales y manzanas rectangulares de más de 1200 m² de extensión. Las dificultades para otorgar las adecuadas condiciones de salubridad a todas las futuras viviendas obligaba a variar el tamaño de las calzadas, adoptando el criterio seguido en Nueva York de dar a cada orientación un ancho distinto.

Dejó abierta la solución para la conexión entre el nuevo barrio y la ciudad, aunque una de sus propuestas no fue materializada hasta 1922 cuando se amplió la calzada del puente del Henares.

Después, el transcurso de los acontecimientos y las exigencias de los propietarios del suelo darían al traste con el planeamiento diseñado por Francisco Checa.

Viviendas baratas del Conde de Romanones

Los terrenos propuestos por el arquitecto municipal para desarrollar el barrio de la Estación coincidían en su mayor parte con una huerta propiedad del Conde de Romanones. En consecuencia, se constituyó en Guadalajara la Industrial Arriacense, una sociedad de la que formaban parte, además de los Figueroa, las familias más adineradas de la capital (Alvira, Zabía, Velasco, Viejo y Llandera) con el objeto de construir viviendas en régimen de alquiler y al amparo de la Ley de 12 de junio de 1911 de Casas Baratas.

Para esta empresa los capitalistas alcarreños contaron con la colaboración de la Cooperativa Nacional de la Habitación Popular, una entidad barcelonesa especializada en el desarrollo de este tipo de promociones, con la que formarían sociedad el 7 de abril de 1918. Conjuntamente se hicieron cargo de los terrenos urbanizables y de la construcción de treinta y cuatro casas en las proximidades de la estación, más allá del arroyo del Robo, entre la carretera de Madrid y las vías del ferrocarril Madrid-Barcelona; además de otras ciento veinticinco junto a esa misma vía hasta las inmediaciones del puente del Henares.

Además de estas casas, se materializaron otras promociones de menor entidad en las inmediaciones de la fábrica de Hispano-Suiza, junto a la carretera de Fontanar y entre la de Marchamalo y la estación, esta última conocida como barrio de Cobos o de Grasa. La nueva barriada en su conjunto contaría a finales de 1920 con más de 100 vecinos, es decir, unos 400 residentes.

Pero, como ha ocurrido con otras muchas planificaciones, los trabajos para la dotación de los servicios urbanos que posibilitan el normal desarrollo de la vida cotidiana iban a un ritmo menor que el deseado por sus ocupantes, cuando no estaban paralizados. Fue Francisco Mariño, responsable de la iglesia de Santiago, el encargado de encabezar una carta remitida al alcalde de la ciudad en noviembre de 1920 en la que todo el vecindario reivindicaba sus derechos y, en especial, reclamaba la construcción de una iglesia y una escuela. Finalmente, la iglesia de la Sagrada Familia fue abierta al culto en 1926 y el 20 de marzo de 1931 se procedió a la recepción definitiva de las tres escuelas ejecutadas por el constructor Joaquín Ortigosa.

Las dotaciones para toda la barriada de suministro de agua, alcantarillado, pavimentación y alumbrado público se concluyeron en 1934, después de una larga espera. En ese año, el Ayuntamiento adquirió a la Cooperativa 8.888 pies² de terreno disponible, a 25 céntimos de peseta el pie, para levantar un lavadero público por un importe total de 33722,43 pesetas. También, antes del comienzo de la guerra civil, la calle de Francisco Aritio y sus inmediaciones fueron el enclave elegido por otras industrias, como la estación subsidiaria de CAMPSA y La Pizarrita, fábrica de tubos, chimeneas, canales y depósitos de fibrocemento.

Gran parte de esta barriada fue objetivo durante la guerra civil de la aviación del ejército sublevado, que la bombardeó el 6 de diciembre de 1936.

Véase también
 Estación de Guadalajara

Bibliografía
 Baldellou Santolaria, Miguel Ángel. Tradición y cambio en la arquitectura de Guadalajara (1850-1939). Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Castilla-La Mancha. Guadalajara, 1989.
 Pradillo y Esteban, Pedro José. Hispano-514 : el automóvil y la industria en Guadalajara (1917-1936). Patronato de Cultura. Guadalajara, 2011.
 Pradillo Moratilla, José. Guadalajara de antaño. José Luis Pradillo de Miguel. Guadalajara, 2008.

Referencias

Estacion

Barrio de la Estación (Guadalajara)


Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la ville allemande d'Heilbronn est bombardée à plusieurs reprises par la Royal Air Force et l'United States Army Air Forces. Le plus grand raid aérien a lieu le 4 décembre 1944, mais Heilbronn est ciblé plusieurs fois avant et après jusqu'à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Au total, environ 7 000 habitants de la ville perdent la vie lors des bombardements.

Le 12 avril 1945, l'armée américaine prend le contrôle de la ville après une bataille de dix jours, mettant fin aux bombardements. En 2015, Heilbronn compte 123 000 habitants.

Premiers raids aériens
Le premier raid a lieu le 17 décembre 1940. Trois bombes explosives et 20 incendiaires sont lancées sur la ville, entraînant la destruction de 20 maisons tandis que 70 autres sont endommagés. Trois personnes perdent la vie et douze autres sont blessées. Deux jours plus tard, une défense anti-aérienne lourde est installée dans la ville, mais rapidement remplacée par une version plus légère, en raison des exigences militaires.

Août 1941 - mai 1942
Entre août et novembre 1941, la ville est bombardée à quatre reprises. Cependant, les dommages en résultant demeurent minimes. Au cours de la journée de l'un de ces raids, des chasseurs-bombardiers individuels avaient été vus volant à proximité et autour de la ville. Le 7 mai 1942, un raid frappe le centre-ville, détruisant ou endommageant environ 150 maisons et tuant sept personnes.

1944
En janvier et février 1944, Heilbronn est sous le feu d'attaques continues pendant deux semaines par la Royal Air Force. Ces raids se poursuivent jusqu'en avril, alors que la ville est complètement dévastée, et des alarmes anti-aériennes retentissent quasi quotidiennement. Plus tard dans l'année, face à l'aggravation des attaques, le théâtre de la ville est fermé jusqu'à nouvel ordre et la police locale met en place une interdiction pour toute décoration potentiellement inflammable située à proximité des fenêtres. Le 5 août, les dispositifs de défense aérienne et l'armement ont été renforcés. Début septembre, le nombre d'alertes aux raids aériens déclenchées dans la ville s'élèvent à 160.

Septembre
En septembre 1944, les forces alliées envisagent sérieusement un assaut majeur sur Heilbronn.

À cette époque, des alertes fréquentes et quasi quotidiennes se produisent encore dans la ville. Le 8 septembre, quatre alarmes sont déclenchées en raison de bombardiers se dirigeant vers Nuremberg. Les alarmes s'enclenchent respectivement de 01 h 45 à 02 h 31, de 11 h 34 à 12 h 42, de 14 h 38 à 15 h 48 et de 22 h 30 à 23 h 42.

Le lendemain, 9 septembre, une seule alarme retentit. Pourtant, le matin du 10 septembre environ 100 avions de la 8 US Air Force survolent Heilbronn. Cette mission est initialement centrée sur une usine d'avions à Guntzbourg et sur une gare de triage à Ulm. En raison d'une couverture nuageuse ce jour-là, Heilbronn, où le  ciel est dégagé, s'avère être la cible secondaire. Peu après 11 h 30 ce matin-là, des avions alliés visent les gares et les ports de Heilbronn et la gare de triage. Un bombardement de la ville suit et se poursuit pendant plusieurs heures, causant la mort de plus de 280 personnes, et 400 autres personnes ayant besoin d'assistance en raison de blessures. Le raid cause également la destruction de plus de 300 maisons. Près de 100 voitures sont gravement endommagées ou détruites, de nombreux autres bâtiments et gares  rendus irréparables. Les planificateurs de ce raid qualifièrent ces statistiques de  par la suite.

Les incendies suivants s'avèrent trop difficiles à gérer pour la brigade locale ; l'aide doit venir depuis les communes de Gronau, Lauffen am Neckar, Untereisesheim, Schwaigern et Weinsberg, entre autres. Même avec cette assistance, l'extinction des nombreux incendies, à la fois dans et autour de Heilbronn, prendra plusieurs jours. La mairie brûla pendant trois jours.

Octobre
À la fin de l'été et au début de l'automne 1944, les forces alliées développent Oboe, un système de navigation basé sur des radiobalises. Cependant, les cibles dans le sud de l'Allemagne sont à environ 500 à 600 km des émetteurs. De plus, les signaux radio se propagent de manière linéaire et ne suivent pas la courbure de la Terre, les avions doivent être conduits au-dessus de la région ciblée à une hauteur d'environ 10 000 mètres. Cela nécessite l'utilisation d'avions Mosquito légers et presque entièrement en bois. Avec l'établissement d'Oboe et aux commandes d'une flotte de six Mosquito (dirigée par Oboe), les Alliés organisent une virée sur la ville qui débute à 21 h 30. Les installations ferroviaires sont visées par trois de ces avions, tandis que le centre-ville est pris d'assaut par deux autres du même type.

Le 28 octobre, le chemin de fer est de nouveau touché par cinq Mosquito. Deux jours plus tard, six avions attaquent la voie ferrée et le centre-ville. Au cours de ces raids, au moins une demi-douzaine d'attaques frapperont la ville durant le mois d'octobre. Malgré cela, la ville demeura une cible.

Raid de décembre

Au soir du 4 décembre 1944, 282 bombardiers Lancaster du 627 escadron et dix chasseurs d'escorte survolent la ville en formation lâche. La nuit est très nuageuse, ce facteur modifiant la hauteur d'approche des avions. À 07 h 18, un premier avion survole la ville, suivit par un second avion qui largue les 10 premières bombes sur la cible environ une minute plus tard avant d'entamer son vol de retour. À 07 h 20, des marqueurs de fusée éclairante sont largués sur la ville afin de permettre un bombardement précis par le reste de l'escadron. Une « bombe flash » est larguée et explose à 180 mètres. Après le lancement de toutes les fusées éclairantes, la zone est illuminée comme en plein jour. Cette lumière clairement reconnaissable aux pilotes de bombardiers annonce le début de l'attaque contre Heilbronn.

Après les marqueurs de fusées éclairantes, les « bombe flash », et d'autres dispositifs de ce type utilisés pour le ciblage fonctionnant efficacement, les Lancaster PB 251 entrent en action. Environ 5 800 bombes, larguées d'une hauteur de 3 800 mètres, frappent la ville à 07 h 29. L'attaque se poursuit jusqu'à 9 h 38, avec 1 200 tonnes de bombes supplémentaires larguées sur la ville et 380 tonnes dévastant la gare de triage.

En une demi-heure, plus de 6 500 personnes, dont 1 000 enfants de moins de 10 ans, perdent la vie. Le nombre exact de victimes est impossible à déterminer car de nombreux cadavres sont brûlés au-delà de toute reconnaissance. En raison du nombre de bombes incendiaires tombées sur la ville, ainsi que du nombre et de l'impact des bombes, des incendies se poursuivent toute la nuit, toute entrée ou sortie de la localité est rendue impossible pendant plusieurs jours.

Conséquences
Bien que 62% de la ville ait été détruite, les dégâts par rapport au nombre de bombes et à l'intensité des attaques sont remarquables pour plusieurs raisons. De nombreuses villes et villages allemands étaient déjà en ruines ou avaient été incendiés par des bombardements antérieurs ; les Britanniques auraient préféré attaquer avec des bombes explosives afin de maximiser les dégâts causés. Toute la partie ancienne de la ville a été détruite. Les dons à la ville ont joué un rôle déterminant dans les réparations et l'aide aux victimes.

Pendant l'attaque proprement dite, les défenses allemandes ne pouvaient pas faire grand-chose. Deux positions anti-aériennes le long du Neckar et 14 chasseurs de nuit allemands Junkers Ju 88 ont affronté les bombardiers britanniques. La RAF a perdu onze avions.

Après plusieurs bombardements, une grande partie de la population d'Heilbronn se positionnèrent dans ou autour du centre-ville, mais dès les premiers signes d'attaque, beaucoup ont fui vers un abri anti-aérien élevé (la tour General Wever), et deux autres abris à ras de terre (dans la zone industrielle et sur la Kaiser Friedrich-Platz). À 20 heures, le centre-ville se consuma sous les flammes, quiconque se trouvant à l'intérieur de ces bâtiments fut soit brûlé vif, soit asphyxié. De nombreuses personnes tentant de quitter la ville seront également brûlées sur les routes. L'effondrement d'un abri anti-aérien provoqua la mort de la totalité des occupants.

Pour aggraver les choses, l'hôpital urbain est laissé en ruine, rendant les opérations de soins quasi impossible. Un grand nombre de personnes parvinrent à se réfugier dans l'hôpital militaire d'urgence ou dans un hôpital psychiatrique reconverti situé à proximité de Weinsberg.

Une fois les incendies maîtrisés, les travaux de sauvetage et de nettoyage de la ville ne débutent que  lorsque l'aide arriva des environs. Dans la nuit du 5 décembre, le nombre de morts s'élèvent à environ 4 000 et 3 000 autres blessés.

Enterrements

Un groupe de travailleur est choisi pour retrouver les morts et inhumer les corps. Ceux retrouvés sont transportés jusqu'au cimetière de la ville. Face au nombre important de cadavres, Ulm et d'autres villes des environs fourniront un total de 1 000 cercueils, une fosse commune est ensuite creusée (le cimetière de la ville manquant d'espace) en lisière d'une forêt près de la vallée du ruisseau Köpfer. Les travaux débutent le 6 décembre, tandis que les morts seront amenés en calèche dans la vallée du Köpfer. Le 8 décembre, le centre-ville fumant et l'abri antiaérien en ruine sont accessibles par des équipes de sauvetage, les morts sont rendus aux familles en vue de leurs enterrements. Les travaux de sauvetage se poursuivent pendant plus de trois semaines, jusqu'à Noël 1944. De nombreux morts ne seront jamais enterrés avec dignité, en particulier sur les routes fortement endommagées. De nombreux corps seront impossible à localiser ou à récupérer, que ce soit de l'abri antiaérien ou dans les ruines du centre-ville ; on suppose qu'il reste de nombreux restes humains dans le sol.

Attaques jusqu'à la fin de la guerre

Jusqu'à la fin de la guerre, plusieurs raids, bien que beaucoup moins puissants ou aussi dévastateurs que l'attaque de décembre 1944, sont centrés sur Heilbronn. Ces attaques demeurent relativement mineures et se concentrent davantage sur d'autres parties du sud de l'Allemagne, Heilbronn recevant beaucoup moins d'attention qu'auparavant.

Le 12 avril 1945, les forces américaines occupent la ville, après une bataille de dix jours sur les passages du Neckar.

Au début de la guerre, Heilbronn compte près de 14 500 bâtiments. Pendant la guerre, 5 100 bâtiments sont détruits et 3 800 autres gravement endommagés. La population de Heilbronn diminua à 46 350 habitants.

Reconstruction et récupération
Après la fin de la guerre, Emil Beutinger, un ancien maire de l'ère pré-nazie, reprend ses fonctions et la responsabilité de l'énorme tâche de reconstruction et de réparation de la ville. Ce objectif est poursuivi et atteint par ses successeurs au pouvoir, Paul Metz et Paul Meyle. Les jalons de la reconstruction comprenaient la nouvelle consécration de l'hôtel de ville historique en 1953 et la réouverture du centre communautaire.

À partir de 1951, les forces américaines stationnent en permanence dans la ville et construisent leurs propres bâtiments. Ils utilisent également des casernes construites avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

Heilbronn d'aujourd'hui

Aujourd'hui, Heilbronn prospère, mais en dépit de sa reconstruction et de la renaissance de ces cendres, le souvenir des attaques et des morts engendrés perdure. La ville compte aujourd'hui environ 120 000 habitants et est actuellement la 6 plus grande ville du Bade-Wurtemberg, avec une superficie de près de 100 kilomètres carrés. Heilbronn est également connu comme le  de la région de Heilbronn-Franken, une zone qui englobe presque toute la partie nord-est du Bade-Wurtemberg.

Mémoriaux

La première commémoration a eu lieu le 26 août 1945. Depuis lors se déroule un service commémoratif annuel et, le 4 décembre, de nombreuses personnes se rendent au cimetière d'honneur pour y déposer des couronnes de fleurs. La destruction et la reconstruction ultérieure ont remodelé le paysage, ses effets sont encore visibles aujourd'hui. Les décombres irrécupérables des attaques ont été déchargés dans le Neckar et le lac Böckinger.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Bombardement stratégique
 Bombardements stratégiques durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale

Bibliographie
 Hubert Bläsi und Christhard Schrenk: Heilbronn 1944/45. Leben und Sterben einer Stadt. Stadtarchiv Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1995 (Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte der Stadt Heilbronn, 6),
 Erwin Bosler: Aus den Schreckenstagen Heilbronns. Verlag Ernst Frantz, Metzingen 1950
 Robert Bauer: Heilbronner Tagebuchblätter. Giehrl & Co., Heilbronn 1949
 Wilhelm Steinhilber: Heilbronn – Die schwersten Stunden der Stadt. Stadtarchiv Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1961 (Veröffentlichungen des Archivs der Stadt Heilbronn, 7)

Liens externes
 Additional information on attacks
www.mahnung-gegen-rechts.de

Heilbronn
Massacre ou atrocité de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Heilbronn
1945 en Allemagne

Bombardements de Heilbronn pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale


As Forças de Defesa Territoriais da Ucrânia () são o componente da reserva militar das Forças Armadas da Ucrânia

As Forças de Defesa Territorial foram formadas após a reorganização dos Batalhões de Defesa Territorial, criados durante a Guerra em Donbas. É formado por reservistas e em casos de guerra pode ser expandido para voluntários civis locais para defesa local, como um caso de mobilização em massa. As Forças de Defesa Territorial também contêm a Legião Internacional de Defesa Territorial da Ucrânia, formada por voluntários estrangeiros.

História

No final de 2014, o sistema de defesa territorial da Ucrânia foi atualizado. Os batalhões de defesa territorial foram reorganizados e transferidos para a brigada de infantaria mecanizada do Exército. Para substituí-los, foi introduzida gradativamente uma nova estrutura das forças de defesa territorial das Forças Armadas.

O exemplo das Forças Ucranianas foi mais tarde usado pela Polônia para construir suas próprias forças armadas, que a partir de 2015 implementaram uma prática semelhante.

Os comissariados militares regionais formam em sua base batalhões de fuzileiros separados, os comissariados militares distritais (cidade) formam unidades de defesa em uma quantidade de 2 a 5 unidades, dependendo das tarefas atribuídas. Além disso, os comissariados militares regionais e distritais têm uma empresa de defesa de pessoal, envolvida nas tarefas de defesa territorial (TD).

Todas as unidades são compostas de reservistas equipados e convocados pelo serviço militar obrigatório. Elaboração das unidades de TD realizadas no âmbito do encontro educativo do serviço militar (com apelo prático) e das atividades realizadas entre o encontro educativo.

Em 25 de maio de 2021, o presidente Volodymyr Zelensky apresentou uma lei ao Verkhovna Rada (parlamento nacional da Ucrânia) "com base na resistência nacional" que propunha aumentar o número das Forças Armadas da Ucrânia em 11.000 militares. Em 16 de julho de 2021 o parlamento aprovou este projeto de lei e em 29 de julho 29 Zelensky assinou a lei. Em 1 de janeiro de 2022 o número das Forças Armadas aumenta em 11.000: 10.000 para as Forças de Defesa Territorial e 1.000 para as Forças de Operações Especiais.

Estrutura

Brigada de Defesa Territorial

 Administração da brigada (sede);
 4-8 batalhões de infantaria;
 Companhia de bombeiros;
 Companhia de contra sabotagem;
 Bateria de morteiro;
 Unidades de combate e apoio logístico.

Batalhão de Fuzileiros Independentes
 Administração do batalhão (sede);
 3 companhia de infantaria;
 Companhia de bombeiros;
 Pelotão de reconhecimento;
 Unidade de comunicação de campo;
 Pelotão de engenheiros;
 Pelotão de apoio material;
 Ponto de controle técnico;
 Centro de Saúde.

 Tamanho da unidade: 492 militares
 Armas: ZU-23-2, Morteiro de 82 mm 2B9 Vasilek, RPG-7, AK-47, PM.

Companhia de Defesa do Comissariado Militar
 Compania sede;
 4 pelotões de proteção.

 Tamanho da unidade: 121 militares
 Armas: RPG-7, AK-47, PM.

Destacamento de Defesa
 Unidade de controle;
 9 pelotões de infantaria;
 Departamento econômico;
 Departamento de manutenção de engenharia automotiva;
 Centro de Saúde.

 Tamanho da unidade: 278 militares
 Armas: RPG-7, AK-47, PM.

Unidades

OC Oeste

 101ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente
 102ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente
 103ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente (Lviv)
 104ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente
 105ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente
 106ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente
 107ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente

OC Norte

 112ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente (Kiev)
 114ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente (Kiv oblast)
 115ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente
 116ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente
 117ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente (Sumy)
 118ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente (Cherkasy)
 119ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente (Chernihiv)

OC leste

 108ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente
 109ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente (Donetsk - Kramatorsk)
 110ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente
 111ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente (Luhansk - Sievierodonetsk)
 113ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente (Kharkiv)

OC Sul

 120ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente
 121ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente (Kropyvnytskyi)
 122ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente
 123ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente
 124ª Brigada de Defesa Territorial Independente (Kherson)

Objetivo
A defesa territorial em toda a Ucrânia é organizada pelo Estado-Maior Geral das Forças Armadas da Ucrânia, ou administrações regionais nas áreas relevantes, dentro de seus poderes. A supervisão direta da defesa territorial estadual é feita pelo chefe do Estado-Maior; o Chefe das Forças Armadas da Ucrânia.

Devido às suas tarefas de defesa territorial, as Forças de Defesa Territoriais estão envolvidas nas Forças Armadas da Ucrânia e outras formações militares formadas de acordo com as leis da Ucrânia, incluindo órgãos de aplicação da lei, unidades do Serviço de Transporte Especial do Estado, Serviço Especial de Comunicações do Estado da Ucrânia e as autoridades competentes.

Tarefas

 Proteção de autoridades públicas, governos locais, instalações críticas e comunicações;
 Implantação e serviço de postos de controle;
 Combate à sabotagem e às forças de inteligência do inimigo, formadas por formações armadas anti-ilegais e saqueadores;
 Manter a segurança e proteção em seus respectivos territórios (região, cidade);
 Organização de resistência e/ou grupos guerrilheiros - no caso de território ser capturado pelo inimigo;
 Emergências de desastres naturais e provocados pelo homem em tempo de paz.

Ligações externas

 Структура військ територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України (in Ukrainian)
 У Черкасах проведуть десятиденні навчання батальйону територіальної оборони (in Ukrainian)
 У Полтавській області створено 84 загони територіальної самооборони (in Ukrainian)
 Черкащину захищатимуть 16 рот та 62 загони оборони (in Ukrainian)
 Верховній Раді пропонують удосконалити порядок керівництва територіальною обороною (in Ukrainian)
 Росія створила дивізію територіальної оборони в окупованому Криму (in Ukrainian)
 В ОК «Захід» розпочалися навчальні збори з частинами та підрозділами територіальної оборони (in Ukrainian)
 Проведені перші цього року польові заняття військ територіальної оборони ЗС України (in Ukrainian)

Forças armadas da Ucrânia


Dama i Skitnica 2: Švrćina pustolovina (engl. Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure) je američki animirani direct-to-video pustolovni film iz 2001. godine, kojeg je producirao Disney Television Animation u Australiji, i nastavak filma Dama i Skitnica iz 1955. godine.

Uloge
 Scott Wolf kao Scamp (dijalog)
 Roger Bart kao Scamp (pjeva)
 Alyssa Milano kao Angel (dijalog)
 Susan Egan kao Angel (pjeva)
 Chazz Palminteri kao Buster
 Jeff Bennett kao Skitnica, Bero i Vjeran
 Jodi Benson kao Dama
 Bill Fagerbakke kao Mooch
 Mickey Rooney kao Sparky
 Cathy Moriarty kao Ruby
 Bronson Pinchot kao Francois
 Debi Derryberry i Kath Soucie kao Annette, Danielle, i Colette
 Rob Paulsen kao Otis
 Nick Jameson i Barbara Goodson kao Drago i Zlata
 Andrew McDonough kao Junior
 Tress MacNeille kao Teta Sarah
 Mary Kay Bergman i Tress MacNeille kao Si i Am
 Jim Cummings kao Toni
 Michael Gough kao Joe
 Frank Welker kao Reggie
 April Winchell kao Mrs. Mahoney

Vanjske poveznice

Američki animirani filmovi 2000-ih
Filmovi o odrastanju
Glazbeni filmovi
Romantični filmovi

Dama i Skitnica 2: Švrćina pustolovina


Alexandra Mikhailovna Balashova (  ; 3 mai 1887 - 5 janvier 1979), également connue sous le nom d'Aleksandra Balashova ou Alexandra Balachova, est une danseuse de ballet russe, puis professeure de danse et chorégraphe.

Jeunesse
Alexandra Balashova est née à Moscou. Elle entre à 11 ans à l'école de ballet du théâtre Bolchoï.

Carrière

Alexandra Balashova rejoint le Ballet du Bolchoï à partir de 1905. Elle fait ses grands débuts dans Le Petit Cheval bossu. Elle danse avec Mikhail Mordkin, et est connue pour des rôles tels qu'Aurora dans La Belle au Bois Dormant et Odette/Odille dans Le Lac des Cygnes.

Elle se produit à Londres en 1911, en remplacement d'Ekaterina Gueltzer ; pour la publicité, les bottiers londoniens sont mis au défi d'adapter  à partir de leur stock. En 1912, après sa deuxième tournée américaine, Mikhail Mordkin retourne à Moscou, choisit Alexandra Balachova du corps de ballet, l'élève au rôle de première danseuse et danse avec elle dans une tournée en Russie, apparaissant aux théâtres impériaux de Moscou et de Saint-Pétersbourg. En 1914, Mordkin et Balachova dansent à l'Empire Theatre de Londres avec un tel succès qu'ils sont retenus pendant douze semaines consécutives.

Dans des soirées chorégraphiques à Moscou et à Petrograd, Alexandra Balachova exécute des danses scandinaves, tziganes, hongroises, russes et autres, ainsi que les miniatures chorégraphiques : le Cygne, les Deux Pierrots, la Valse Caprice, la Tabatière, la Danse du Matelot  et une longue série de variations techniques.

Elle quitte la Russie en compagnie de son mari, en 1921 et danse encore une dizaine d'années en Europe occidentale. En 1922, elle donne des récitals au théâtre Fémina, avec le danseur Victor Smolzoff. En 1929 et 1930, elle danse avec l'Opéra russe de Paris, dirigé par le prince Zereteli et le colonel de Basil, la troupe de ballet est dirigée par Bronislava Nijinska.

À partir de 1931, elle enseigne la danse classique, salle Pleyel. Christiane Vaussard, Jacqueline Challet-Haas sont de ses élèves.

La Fille mal gardée est produite par diverses compagnies européennes,  mise en scène par Alexandra Balashova, qui a dansé l'héroïne Lise en Russie avant la Révolution. En 1946, Balachova est crédité comme chorégraphe sur une production de La Fille mal gardée à Londres. En 1947, elle remonte, pour les Ballets russes de Monte-Carlo, dirigé par Serge Lifar en exil, La Fille mal gardée, dont le rôle vedette est tenu par Renée Jeanmaire. Cette chorégraphie est reprise au répertoire du Grand Ballet du Marquis de Cuevas.  Cette version traditionnelle est conservée dans une partition chorégraphique réalisée par la choréologue Monica Parker pour le Benesh Institute of Choreology, avec la collaboration de Balachova.

Répertoire

avec le Ballet du Bolchoï

 La Fille-tsar dans Le Petit Cheval bossu
 Lise dans La Fille mal gardée
 Aurore dans La Belle au Bois dormant
 Le Poisson doré
 Swanilda dans Coppélia
 Odette-Odile dans Le Lac des Cygnes
 Nikiya dans La Bayadère, version de 1917, avec Mikhail Mordkin.
 Medora dans Le Corsaire
 Kitri dans Don Quichotte
 Raymonda dans Raymonda
 Le Miroir magique

Citation
Le théâtre est un temple dans lequel je vénère tous les jours.

Vie privée
Alexandra Balashova épouse le richissime Alexei K. Ushkov en secondes noces. Ils quittent la Russie en 1921 et s'installent dans l'ancien appartement d'Isadora Duncan à Paris. Elle reçoit le Tout-Paris, pour des fêtes dans son hôtel particulier, à la manière fastueuse d'Ida Rubinstein. Balachova meurt en 1979, à l'âge de 91 ans, dans une maison de retraite à Chelles. Ces archives, principalement de la correspondance et des photographies, sont conservées à l'Université Amherst.

Iconographie

L'artiste russe Philippe Maliavine a peint son portrait en 1924, alors qu'ils vivaient tous les deux à Paris.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 :

Liens externes

.

Naissance en mai 1887
Naissance dans le gouvernement de Moscou
Naissance à Moscou
Ballets russes
Danse classique
Danseuse russe du XXe siècle
Maîtresse de ballet
Danseuse de danse classique
Théâtre Bolchoï
Chorégraphe russe
Décès en janvier 1979
Personnalité inhumée au cimetière russe de Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois
Décès à 91 ans
Pédagogue de danse

Alexandra Balachova


1x Band je glazbeni sastav koji je Sloveniju prvi put predstavljao na Pjesmi Eurovizije 1993. Njihov pjevač, Cole Moretti, otpjevao je pjesmu Tih deževen dan, koja je završila na 22. mjestu.

Sastav je djelovao od 1991. do 1997. Za to vrijeme izdali su dva CD-a sa ZKP RTV Slovenija i maxi-singl s Jupiter records (Njemačka). Nastupili su i na Mak-festu u Sj. Makedoniji 1993. godine.

Slovenski glazbeni sastavi
Eurovizijski izvođači
Pop pjevači

1X Band


Hüseyin Cemil Meriç (12 Aralık 1916; Reyhanlı, Hatay - 13 Haziran 1987, İstanbul), Türk yazar, çevirmen, düşünür ve sosyolog.

Başta dil, tarih, edebiyat, felsefe ve sosyoloji olmak üzere sosyal bilimlerin birçok alanında araştırma yapmış ve yazılar kaleme almış bir düşünce adamıdır. Telif ettiği 12 eseri ve tercümeleriyle Türk edebiyatında önemli bir yeri olduğu kabul edilir. Sosyoloji  profesörü Ümit Meriç'in babasıdır.

Yaşamı

Çocukluk ve eğitim yılları
1916'da  Reyhaniye'de (bugünkü Reyhanlı) dünyaya geldi. Balkan Savaşları sırasında Dimetoka'dan göçmüş bir ailenin çocuğuydu. Babası, Dimetoka'da hakimlik yapan Mahmut Niyazi Bey, annesi Zeynep Ziynet Hanım'dır.  Babası Mahmut Niyazi Bey Antakya'da Ziraat Bankası Müdürlüğü ve mahkeme reisliği yapmıştır. 7 yaşına kadar Antakya'da yaşayan Cemil Meriç, babasının memuriyetten ayrılması üzerine ailesi ile birlikte Reyhanlı'ya döndü. Reyhanlı Rüşdiyesi'nde ilkokulu bitirdikten sonra yeniden Antakya'ya gitti. Fransız idaresindeki şehirde Fransız eğitim sistemi uygulayan Antakya Sultanisi'nde okudu. Bu okulda iken gözlerinin 6 derece miyop olduğu anlaşıldı. İlk yazısı olan "Geç Kalmış Bir Muhasebe" başlıklı makalesi yerel Yenigün gazetesinde yayımlandı. 12. sınıftayken, milliyetçi tutumu, yayımlanan bir yazısı ve bu yazıda bazı hocalarını eleştirmesi yüzünden lise diplomasını alamadan okulu terk etmek zorunda kaldı. Lise öğrenimine devam etmek üzere İstanbul'daki Pertevniyal Lisesi'ne gitti. Bu sırada Nâzım Hikmet ve Kerim Sadi başta olmak üzere dönemin solcu aydınlarıyla tanıştı.

Geçim sıkıntısı nedeniyle 1937'de İskenderun'a döndü. Haymaseki köyünde 9 ay kadar ilkokul öğretmenliği yaptıktan sonra aynı yıl İskenderun'da Tercüme Bürosu'na reis muavini oldu. 1938'de Batı Ayrancı Köyü'nde ilkokul öğretmenliği, Türk Hava Kurumu'nda sekreterlik, belediyede kâtiplik gibi geçici işlerde çalıştı. 1939 Nisan ayında Hatay hükümetini devirmek iddiasıyla tutuklanıp Antakya'ya götürüldü; idam talebiyle yargılandı; 2 ay sonra beraat etti.

1940'ta İstanbul Üniversitesi Yabancı Diller Yüksekokulu'na burslu olarak kabul edildi, 2 yıl bu kurumda öğrenim gördü. 1941'den başlayarak İnsan, Yücel, Gün, Ayın Bibliyografyası dergilerinde yazıları yayımlamaya başladı.

Elazığ Lisesi'nde öğretmenlik
1942'de Elazığ Lisesi'nde Fransızca öğretmenliğine atandı; Elazığ'a gitmeden az önce öğretmen Fevziye Menteşeoğlu ile tanışıp evlendi. Her iki gözündeki yüksek miyoptan ötürü askerlikten muaf tutulan Meriç, ilk çeviri kitabı Balzac'ın  "Altın Gözlü Kız" romanını 1943'te yayımlandı.

İstanbul Üniversitesi'nde okutmanlık
Öğretmen eşinin tayininin Elazığ'a çıkmaması ve çiftin bu şehirde iki çocuk kaybedip ancak İstanbul'da doğum yapabileceğinin anlaşılması üzerine 1945'te Elazığ'daki öğretmenlik görevinden ayrılıp İstanbul'a gitti. 1945'te oğlu Mahmut Ali, ertesi yıl ise kızı Ümit dünyaya geldi. 1946'da  İstanbul Üniversitesi'nde Fransızca okutman olarak göreve başlayan Meriç, 1974'te emekli oluncaya kadar Fransızca okutmanlığı sürdürdü bu arada bir yıl kadar Yirminci Asır dergisinde yazılar yayımladı (1947). Victor Hugo'nun Hernani adlı piyesini manzum olarak tercüme etti (1948); Işık Lisesi'de Fransızca dersleri verdi (1952-1954)

Görme yetisini tamamen yitirmesi
1954 yılının bahar aylarında bir kaza sonucu gözlerini tamamen yitirince birkaç başarısız göz ameliyatının ardından 1955'te vapurla tek başına Marsilya'ya, oradan Paris'e gitti. 6 aylık tedavi başarılı sonuç vermeyince yurda döndü. Görme yetisini tamamen yitirdiğinden dolayı bir süre bunalıma girdi ancak çevresindekilerin yardımıyla yeniden okuyup yazmaya başladı.

Üretken yazarlık dönemi
Görme yetisini yitirdikten sonra yazarlık hayatının en üretken çağı başladı. Çevresindekilere okuttuğu Fransızca ve İngilizce metinleri sözlü olarak çevirdi ve yardımcılarına yazdırdı. Basılmamış olan bir Fransızca grameri hazırladı. Dikte etmek suretiyle yeni makaleler yazmaya devam etti. 1963'ten itibaren Edebiyat Fakültesi'nin Sosyoloji bölümünde sosyoloji ve kültür tarihi dersleri verdi; bu dersleri emekliliğine kadar sürdürdü. Aralıklarla 20 yıl sürdürdüğü günlüklere 1963 yılında başladı. İlk telif kitabı "Hint Edebiyatı" 1964'te yayımlandı. Bir dünya edebiyatı yazma düşüncesiyle yola çıkan Meriç, İran edebiyatı ile işe başlamış ama sonra Hint edebiyatına yönelmişti. Doğu medeniyetlerine karşı olan önyargıları yıkmayı amaçlayan ve 4 yıllık bir çalışmanın sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan  eser, "Bir Dünya'nın Eşiğinde" başlığıyla iki kez daha basıldı. Hint Edebiyatı'ndan sonra Batı düşüncesinin önemli bir yönünü aydınlatmayı amaçladı. Bu düşünceyle sosyalizmin temelini atan ve sosyolojinin kurucusu olan Saint Simon hakkında bir eser kaleme aldı ancak basacak yayınevi bulmakta zorlandı. Eser, 1967'de Can Yayınları tarafından basıldı.

1965-1973 yılları arasında çeşitli dergilerde yazıları ve çevirileri yayımlandı. Hisar dergisinde "Fildişi Kuleden" başlığı ile sürekli denemeler yazdı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Fransızca okutmanlığından emekli oldu ve yılların birikimini kitaplaştırmaya girişti. O yıl, Türkiye Millî Kültür Vakfı'ndan fikir dalında ödül aldı. "Bana öyle geliyor ki, hayat denen mülâkata bu kitabı yazmak için geldim." dediği "Bu Ülke" adlı kitabını 1976'da yayımladı. Kitap, onun çeşitli fikir, kültür ve edebiyat meselelerine dair aforizmalarından oluşur. Aynı yıl, medeniyet kavramını tartıştığı "Umran'dan Uygarlığa" adlı eseri yayımlandı.

1978-1984 yıllarında çoğu Kubbealtı'nda olmak üzere konferanslar veren Meriç, 1980'de bir edebiyat tarihi ve düşünce tarihi niteliği taşıyan "Kırk Ambar" adlı eseri Türkiye Milli Kültür Vakfı Ödülü'ne layık görüldü.

1981'de Ankara Yazarlar Birliği tarafından "Yılın Yazarı" seçildi. 1981'de basılan yarı derleme, yarı telif Bir Facianın Hikâyesi'nde yakın tarihin yeni bir muhasebesini yaptı.

Son yılları ve ölümü
1983'te eşi Fevziye Hanım'ı kaybeden Meriç, aynı yıl Ağustos ayında beyin kanaması geçirdi ve sol tarafına felç indi. Sağlığında basılan son eserleri Işık Doğudan Gelir (1984) ile Kültürden İrfana (1985) oldu. 13 Haziran 1987'de hayatını kaybetti. Cenazesi, Karacaahmet Mezarlığı'na defnedilmiştir.

Hatırası
2004 yılında Üsküdar Belediyesinin açtığı kültür merkezine, 2012 yılında Hatay'daki il kütüphanesine  adı verilmiştir. Hatay'ın Reyhanlı ilçesindeki doğduğu ev müzeye dönüştürülmüştür. Ev (müze), 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremlerinden hasar almadan çıkmıştır. 2021 yılında Antalya Kepez'de hizmete açılan kütüphaneye adı verilmiştir. Kütüphane, 200 bin kitap kapasitesiyle Antalya'nın en büyük kütüphanesidir.

Başlıca eserleri

İnceleme
 1964: Hint Edebiyatı
 1967: Saint Simon İlk Sosyolog, İlk Sosyalist
 1976: Bir Dünyanın Eşiğinde
 1984: Işık Doğudan Gelir
 1985: Kültürden İrfana

Deneme
 1978: Mağaradakiler
 1974: Bu Ülke (1985)
 1974: Umrandan Uygarlığa

Günlük
 1992: Jurnal I
 1994: Jurnal II

Diğer Kitapları
 1980: Kırk Ambar
 1981: Bir Facianın Hikâyesi
 1993: Sosyoloji Notları ve Konferanslar

Ödüller
 1974: Türkiye Millî Kültür Vakfı ödülü
 1983: Türkiye Millî Kültür Vakfı ödülü, Ankara Yazarlar Birliği Derneği'nin Yılın Yazarı ödülü
 1981: Türkiye Yazarlar Birliği Yılın Fikir Eserleri ödülü
 2015: Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kültür ve Sanat Büyük Ödülü

Ayrıca bakınız
 MEB 100 Türk Edebiyatçısı

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Antoloji' de Cemil Meriç
 Murat Yılmaz, Cemil Meriç, Hatay Valiliği Yayınları, 2014
 Cemil Meriç'in Dünyası
 Cemil Meriç ile Röportajlar

1916 doğumlular
Reyhanlı doğumlular
Hatay doğumlu yazarlar
1987 yılında ölenler
İstanbul'da ölenler
Karacaahmet Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
20. yüzyıl Türk roman yazarları
20. yüzyıl Türk gazetecileri
Türk felsefeciler
Türk düşünürler
Türk otobiyograflar
Türk köşe yazarları
Hisarcılar
Pertevniyal Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler
İngilizceden Türkçeye çeviri yapanlar
Fransızcadan Türkçeye çeviri yapanlar

Cemil Meriç


Paolo Lorenzi (født 15. december 1981) er en italiensk tennisspiller.

Han repræsenterede Italien under Sommer-OL 2016 i Rio de Janeiro, hvor han blev slået ud i anden runde i single.

Kilder

Eksterne Henvisninger

Tennisspillere fra Italien

Paolo Lorenzi


Bei den Panamerikanischen Spielen 2011 in Guadalajara, Mexiko wurden vom 26. bis 29. Oktober 2011 insgesamt acht Wettbewerbe im Wasserspringen ausgetragen, jeweils vier für Frauen und Männer.

Die mexikanischen Athleten dominierten die Wettbewerbe und gewannen alle acht Wettbewerbe. Sie holten zudem die maximal mögliche Zahl von zwölf Medaillen. Insgesamt gewannen Athleten aus sechs Nationen Medaillen. Die kanadischen und US-amerikanischen Athleten, die bei den vorherigen Panamerikanischen Spielen die Wettbewerbe im Wasserspringen dominierten, konnten nicht überzeugen. In allen vier Einzeldisziplinen konnten die jeweiligen Sieger Quotenplätze für die Olympischen Spiele 2012 in London gewinnen. Da sich aber alle siegreichen Athleten bereits bei der Weltmeisterschaft qualifiziert hatten, wurden letztlich keine Quotenplätze vergeben.

Teilnehmer
Insgesamt nahmen 60 Wasserspringer an den Wettbewerben teil, 28 Frauen und 32 Männer. Es waren zehn verschiedene Nationen vertreten.

Ergebnisse

Frauen

3-Meter-Kunstspringen

Vorkampf und Finale am 28. Oktober

10-Meter-Turmspringen

Vorkampf und Finale am 26. Oktober

3-Meter-Synchronspringen

Finale am 29. Oktober

10-Meter-Synchronspringen

Finale am 27. Oktober

Männer

3-Meter-Kunstspringen

Vorkampf und Finale am 27. Oktober

10-Meter-Turmspringen

Vorkampf und Finale am 29. Oktober

3-Meter-Synchronspringen

Finale am 26. Oktober

10-Meter-Synchronspringen

Finale am 28. Oktober

Medaillenspiegel

Weblinks
 Wasserspringen bei den Panamerikanischen Spielen (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Wasserspringen
2011
Schwimmsport (Mexiko)
Wettbewerb im Wasserspringen

Panamerikanische Spiele 2011/Wasserspringen


Rabri Devi Yadav (born 1 January 1955) is an Indian politician who formerly served 3 terms as the Chief Minister of Bihar, the first and only woman till date to have held the office. She is a Member (MLC) of Bihar Legislative Council and she formerly served as the Leader of the Opposition in Bihar Vidhan Parishad.

Rabri is married to Indian politician Lalu Prasad Yadav, former Chief Minister of Bihar (1990-1997) and former Railway Minister of India (2004-2009) and mother of Tejashwi Yadav, current Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar and former Leader of the Opposition in Bihar Legislative Assembly.

Early life
Rabri Devi was born on 1 January 1955 in Salar Kalan village near Mirganj of Gopalganj district, Bihar. Her parents are Shiv Prasad Chaudhary and Maharjia Devi. She is named after an Indian sweet as per a custom in her family. Her 3 sisters are similarly named Jalebi, Rasgulla and Paan.

Prabhunath Yadav, Subhash Prasad Yadav and Sadhu Yadav are her three real brothers.

Political career
Rabri Devi became the first female Chief Minister of Bihar on 25 July 1997, after her husband, Lalu Prasad Yadav, was forced to resign following the arrest warrant issued against him in corruption charges relating to the Fodder scam. She went on to rule the state till 2005.

Devi was elected thrice to Bihar Vidhan Sabha from Raghopur seat. In 2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, Rabri Devi contested from two seats: Raghopur and Sonpur assembly seats, but lost both in an election where the Rashtriya Janata Dal faced defeat, winning only 22 seats.

She contested from Saran in 2014 Lok Sabha election but lost to Rajiv Pratap Rudy of BJP.

Criticism
Devi's appointment as the Chief Minister of Bihar is considered one of the most unexpected and awkward decisions in Indian political history, as she was a traditional housewife and had no interest nor any prior experience in politics. She came under severe satirical criticism and stiff opposition, because of her illiteracy and inexperience.

Personal life and family

Rabri Devi married Lalu Prasad Yadav on 1 June 1973 at the age of 17 years, in an arranged marriage, and they went on to have 2 sons and 7 daughters.  Her younger son Tejashwi Yadav is the current and 5th Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar.

 elder son: Tej Pratap Yadav
 younger son: Tejashwi Yadav
 eldest daughter: Misa Bharti
 2nd daughter: Rohini Acharya Yadav
 3rd daughter: Chanda Yadav
 4th daughter: Ragini Yadav - married to Rahul Yadav, Samajwadi Party leader
 5th daughter: Hema Yadav
 6th daughter: Anushka Yadav (Dhannu) - married to Chiranjeev Rao
 youngest daughter: Raj Lakshmi Yadav - married to Tej Pratap Singh Yadav

Note: Rahul Yadav is son of Jitendra Yadav, former MLC from the Samajwadi Party. Jitendra is the nephew of former MP D. P. Yadav.

Positions held
Rabri Devi Yadav has been elected 3 times as MLA.

References

External links

Living people
Chief Ministers of Bihar
Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians
Finance Ministers of Bihar
Women chief ministers of Indian states
United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election
Leaders of the Opposition in the Bihar Legislative Assembly
Women members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly
Yadav family of Bihar
20th-century Indian women politicians
20th-century Indian politicians
21st-century Indian women politicians
21st-century Indian politicians
Members of the Bihar Legislative Council
Bihar MLAs 2000–2005
1956 births
Bihar MLAs 2005–2010

Rabri Devi


Krupski  es un jútor del raión de Gulkévichi del krai de Krasnodar, en el sur de Rusia. Está situado en la orilla izquierda del Samoilova Balka, afluente por la izquierda del Kubán, 6 km al este de Gulkévichi y 144 km al este de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 515 habitantes en 2010.

Pertenece al municipio Ventsy-Zariá.

Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
 Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Крупский (Краснодарский край).
 Mapa topográfico en maps.vlasenko.net

Localidades del raión de Gulkévichi del krai de Krasnodar

Krupski (Krasnodar)


La localidad de Plön se encuentra en el Distrito de Plön, en el estado federado de Schleswig-Holstein, Alemania. Se encuentra situada en la ribera de un gran lago al que da nombre. En 2010 la ciudad tenía una población de 12.845 habitantes.

Personalidades
 Georg Michael Telemann (1748-1831), compositor eclesiástico
 Friedrich Carl Gröger (1766-1838), retratista y litógrafo
 Rochus von Liliencron (1820-1912), germanista, historiador de la música, editor de la Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
 Karl Christian Bruhns (1830-1881), astrónomo
 Karl von Graffen (1893-1964), teniente en la Segunda Guerra Mundial
 Karl Mauss (1898-1959), militar
 Lauritz Lauritzen (1910-1980), político (SPD)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Stadt Plön
 Imágenes históricas de la ciudad de Plön

Localidades de Schleswig-Holstein

Plön


An Sinocalamus sang in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni To Quyen Nguyen. An Sinocalamus sang in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sinocalamus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Sinocalamus

Sinocalamus sang


The Maytals, known from 1972 to 2020 as Toots and the Maytals, are a Jamaican musical group, one of the best known ska and rocksteady vocal groups. The Maytals were formed in the early 1960s and were key figures in popularizing reggae music.

Frontman Toots Hibbert, who died in 2020, was considered a reggae pioneer on par with Bob Marley. His soulful vocal style was compared to Otis Redding, and led him to be named by Rolling Stone as one of the 100 Greatest Singers.  After Hibbert's death, the Maytals indicated that they would continue as a working group.

Their 1968 single "Do the Reggay" was the first song to use the word "reggae", coining the name of the genre and introducing it to a global audience. The Oxford English Dictionary credits Toots and the Maytals in the etymology of the word "Reggae". According to Island Records founder Chris Blackwell, "The Maytals were unlike anything else ... sensational, raw, and dynamic."

Career

Formation and early success
Frederick "Toots" Hibbert, the frontman of the group, was born in May Pen, Clarendon, Jamaica, in 1942, the youngest of seven children. He grew up singing gospel music in a church choir and moved to Kingston in the late 1950s.

The Maytals

Hibbert met Henry "Raleigh" Gordon and Nathaniel "Jerry" Mathias in Kingston in 1962 and formed The Maytals as a vocal trio, a group whose early recordings were incorrectly attributed to The Flames and The Vikings in the UK by Island Records. The first instrumentalist members added to the group included Jackie Jackson, Hux Brown, Rad Bryan, and Paul Douglas. In 1972, the group changed its name from The Maytals to Toots and the Maytals, with "Toots" referring to frontman Toots Hibbert, and "the Maytals" referring to the group's instrumentalists and background vocalists.  In November 2016, Jackie Jackson described the formation of the group in a radio interview for Kool 97 FM Jamaica. Accompanied by Paul Douglas and Radcliffe "Dougie" Bryan in studio, Jackson explained, We're all original members of Toots and the Maytals band. First it was Toots and the Maytals, three guys: Toots, Raleigh, and Jerry…And then they were signed to Island Records, Chris Blackwell. And we were their recording band...[Blackwell] decided that the backing band that back all of the songs, the recording band, should be the Maytals band. So everything came under Toots and the Maytals. And then we hit the road in 1975.

The 1960s
The Maytals first had chart success when recording for producer Clement "Coxsone" Dodd at Studio One. With musical backing from Dodd's house band, the Skatalites, the Maytals' close-harmony gospel singing ensured success, overshadowing Dodd's other up-and-coming vocal group, the Wailers. After staying at Studio One for about two years, the group moved on to do sessions for Prince Buster before recording with Byron Lee in 1966. With Lee, the Maytals won the first-ever Jamaican Independence Festival Popular Song Competition in 1966 with their original song "Bam Bam". "Bam Bam" was later covered in a Dancehall style by Sister Nancy and also by Yellowman in 1982, but Toots and the Maytals were not credited or issued royalties for use of the song by either artist. They went on to win that contest two additional times. The group's musical career was interrupted in late 1966 when Hibbert was jailed for 18 months for possession of marijuana. He stated that he was not arrested for marijuana, but while bailing out a friend. Hibbert reportedly wrote "54-46 That's My Number" about his time in jail.

Following Hibbert's release in 1967, the Maytals began working with the Chinese Jamaican producer Leslie Kong, a collaboration which yielded a string of hits throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s. These included "Do the Reggay", released in 1968, which was the first song to use the word "reggae" and gave the developing genre its name.

The Maytals are responsible for some of the biggest hits in reggae history, including "Pressure Drop," "Sweet and Dandy" and "54-46 That's My Number".

The 1970s
In 1970 "Monkey Man" became the group's first international hit. By 1971, they signed a recording contract with Chris Blackwell's Island Records who reformed the band with Toots Hibbert as the front man backed by a hand-selected group of instrumentalists dubbed The Maytals Band. They become the biggest act in Jamaica, and had become international stars. Blackwell initially concentrated on the UK market, where previous Jamaican acts had had success. The band's albums with Island Records were released through its Dragon Records imprint.

In 1972 the group won the Jamaican Independence Festival Popular Song Competition for a third time with "Pomp and Pride". That year, the group contributed two songs to the soundtrack for The Harder They Come, the 1972 film starring Jimmy Cliff, named as one of Vanity Fairs top 10 soundtracks of all time. The film introduced Jamaican music to American audiences, and the band appears in one of the scenes.

After Kong's death in 1971, the group continued to record with Kong's former sound engineer, Warrick Lyn. Their re-instated producer Byron Lee renamed them Toots & the Maytals. The group released three best-selling albums produced by Lyn and Blackwell of Island Records, and enjoyed international hits with Funky Kingston in 1973 and Reggae Got Soul in 1975. Music critic Lester Bangs described the album Funky Kingston in Stereo Review as "perfection, the most exciting and diversified set of reggae tunes by a single artist yet released". Chris Blackwell had a strong commitment to Toots and the Maytals, saying "I've known Toots longer than anybody – much longer than Bob (Bob Marley). Toots is one of the purest human beings I've met in my life, pure almost to a fault." To promote these albums, the band toured with the Who, Jackson Browne, the Eagles, and Linda Ronstadt.

On 1 October 1975, Toots and the Maytals were broadcast live on KMET-FM as they performed at The Roxy Theatre in Los Angeles. This broadcast was re-mastered and released as the Sailin' On album via Klondike Records.

Following the release of Reggae Got Soul, Toots & the Maytals were invited to tour as the opening act for the Who during their 1975–76 North American tour.

Toots and the Maytals' compositions experienced a resurgence of popularity in 1978–80 during the reggae punk and ska revival period in the UK, when the Specials covered "Monkey Man" on their 1979 debut album and the Clash covered the group's hit "Pressure Drop". During this period Toots and the Maytals were also included in the lyrics to Bob Marley & the Wailers' song, "Punky Reggae Party": "The Wailers will be there, the Damned, the Jam, the Clash, the Maytals will be there, Dr. Feelgood too".

The 1980s

Guinness Book of World Records
On 29 September 1980, the band recorded, pressed and distributed a new album, Toots Live, to the record shops all in the space of 24 hours in an attempt to make the Guinness Book of World Records. A live concert was recorded on reels of two-inch, 24-track analog tape, then rushed by van to sound engineers. After a running order was determined, the record label was quickly designed and sent to the printers. The album masters, labels and the outer covers were then separately sped to the Gedmel factory near Leicester, and the finished product was assembled and delivered to Coventry, where the band was playing the next day, successfully meeting the 24-hour deadline. Due to record label oversight, the achievement was not successfully registered with the Guinness Book of World Records. Island Records' Rob Bell was quoted as saying, "Unfortunately, the record was not included in the Guinness book, because they required prior notification that the event was going to take place, and no one at Island had informed them of the project!" The record for "fastest album release" was not officially held in the Guinness Book of World Records until 28 years later when Vollgas Kompanie claimed the honour in 2008 for recording and releasing their album Live in 24 hours – matching the time interval in which Toots and the Maytals recorded, pressed and distributed Toots Live in 1980.

The group split up after releasing the 1981 album Knockout. In 1982, Toots & the Maytals' "Beautiful Woman" reached number one in New Zealand.

Hibbert continued to record as a solo artist throughout the 1980s.

1990s

In the early 1990s a new lineup of the Maytals was formed. In February 1990 Toots and the Maytals performed on VH1's New Visions World Beat, guest-hosted by Nile Rodgers. The group continued touring and recording successfully, with two appearances at Reggae Sunsplash in the mid-1990s.

2000s

In a 2003 review on NPR's Fresh Air broadcast, critic Milo Miles described the song Pressure Drop as, "utterly irresistible but utterly mysterious like Louie Louie or Tutti Frutti. It gets over on pure passion, and it seems all you need to know is when it drops you're gonna feel it."

In 2004, the group released True Love, an album of re-recorded versions of their earlier hits in collaboration with fellow musicians including Bonnie Raitt, Willie Nelson, Eric Clapton, Keith Richards, Trey Anastasio, No Doubt, Ben Harper, the Roots, and Shaggy. The album received critical acclaim from outlets including NPR and Rolling Stone. The True Love album won the Grammy Award that year for best reggae album.

Donald Trump was quoted as appreciating the reggae music of Toots and the Maytals in 2004 when he said, "I heard the guest band, Toots & The Maytals, practising out on the set of Saturday Night Live" (Trump was the guest host on an episode in April 2004). "They sounded terrific, and I went out to listen to them for a while. My daughter Ivanka had told me how great they were, and she was right. The music relaxed me, and surprisingly, I was not nervous."

In 2006, they recorded a reggae/ska version of Radiohead's "Let Down" for the tribute album, Radiodread. The album was a song for song makeover of the British rock band's album OK Computer into reggae, dub and ska. In August 2007 Toots & the Maytals released Light Your Light, which featured re-workings of older songs such as "Johnny Cool Man", as well as new material. The album was nominated in 2008 for a Grammy in the best reggae album category.

Toots & the Maytals hold the current record of number one hits in Jamaica, with a total of thirty-one.

In commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the record label Island Records Toots & the Maytals and Amy Winehouse, both signed up to the label, were billed to perform together at the Shepherd's Bush Empire in London on 31 May 2009. Winehouse had covered the band's "Monkey Man". However, Winehouse's performance was cancelled, and Toots & the Maytals instead played at the more intimate Bush Hall to a sell-out crowd.

2010s

In 2011, director George Scott and producer Nick De Grunwald released the documentary Reggae Got Soul: The Story of Toots and the Maytals, which was featured on BBC.  Described as "The untold story of one of the most influential artists ever to come out of Jamaica", it features appearances by Marcia Griffiths, Jimmy Cliff, Bonnie Raitt, Eric Clapton, Keith Richards, Willie Nelson, Anthony DeCurtis, Ziggy Marley, Chris Blackwell, Paolo Nutini, Sly Dunbar, and Robbie Shakespeare.

The 2012 live album Unplugged on Strawberry Hill gained Hibbert his fifth Grammy nomination.

In May 2013, Hibbert was struck in the head with a 1.75-litre vodka bottle while performing onstage at a Richmond, Virginia, festival. His injuries resulted in a concussion and treatment required six staples in his head. The man who threw the bottle was arrested, and despite Hibbert's pleas for clemency to the judge, was given a six-month sentence. Hibbert's letter to the judge also detailed the extent of his injury: "I continue to suffer from extreme anxiety, memory loss, headaches, dizziness and most sadly of all, a fear of crowds and performing. I am not able to write songs as I did before or remember the lyrics of songs that I wrote and have performed for decades." After his injury, Hibbert canceled all subsequent performances, and the group did not perform live again until 2016.

In 2015, Vogue listed the song "54-46 Was My Number" by Toots and the Maytals as one of their "15 Roots Reggae Songs You Should Know"; and in an interview with Patricia Chin of VP Records, Vogue listed the group as part of an abbreviated list of early "reggae royalty" that recorded at Studio 17 in Kingston, Jamaica which included Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, Gregory Isaacs, Dennis Brown, Burning Spear, Toots and the Maytals, The Heptones, and Bunny Wailer.

In 2016 Toots and the Maytals announced a return to the stage with their first tour in 3 years, and on 15 June at The Observatory North Park in San Diego the group returned to the stage for the first time since 2013.

In 2017 Toots and the Maytals played Coachella Fest 16 and 23 April at 4:20 pm. They became the second reggae-based group to perform at the Coachella festival, after Chronixx in 2016.

Toots and the Maytals have been cited as an inspiration for other music artists when it comes to career longevity. Jamaican artist Sean Paul explains this by saying, "I've seen some great people in my industry, you know, people like Toots … Toots and the Maytals. Toots he's a great reggae artist and he's still doing it … He's up there in years and he's doing it. Those kind of artists inspire me. I know I'm just going to keep on doing music as long as I can."

On 24 June 2017 at the Glastonbury Festival, Toots and the Maytals were slotted for 17:30 with BBC Four scheduled to show highlights from their set. When they did not appear it was suspected they missed their time slot, and BBC broadcaster Mark Radcliffe apologised on their behalf stating, "If you were expecting Toots and the Maytals – and, frankly, we all were – it seems like they were on Jamaican time or something because they didn't make it to the site on time." The group was subsequently rescheduled by the Glastonbury Festival organizers giving them the midnight slot, with all other acts being shifted by one hour. On 29 July 2017 Toots and The Maytals headlined the 35th anniversary of the WOMAD UK festival with a performance that was reported as "easily one of the true highlights of WOMAD 2017".

In 2018, Toots and the Maytals launched a 50th anniversary tour with concert appearances in North America from April to August, moving to dates in the UK starting in October.

On 25 July 2018 Toots and the Maytals debuted an original song entitled "Marley" live on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, and also played the classic "Funky Kingston".

On 24 August 2018 Toots and the Maytals performed at Lockn' Festival in Arrington, Virginia, where guest Taj Mahal accompanied them on the song "Monkey Man".

In July 2019 Coors Brewing Company used the Toots and the Maytals song "Pressure Drop" in a television advertisement for Coors Light.

2020s
On 11 September 2020, Toots and the Maytals frontman Toots Hibbert died at age 77.

Following Hibberts' death in 2020, there was uncertainty as to if the Maytals would return. In November 2020, Paul Douglas and Jackie Jackson confirmed that the band would carry on, as a tribute to Hibbert.

On 14 March 2021 at the 63rd annual Grammy Awards, Toots and The Maytals won Best Reggae Album for the album Got to be Tough.

In July 2021 the family of Toots Hibbert issued a cease and desist letter to the members of The Maytals Band. The letter sought to prohibit the remaining band members from performing under the name "The Maytals" (the name the band has been performing under for over 50 years). Subsequently, a Toots Hibbert tribute concert where multiple artists were scheduled to perform in London on 4 September 2021 was cancelled as a result of the cease and desist letter. In Dec. 2021, 50 years after The Maytals Band was assembled, the band members came to an out-of-court settlement to part ways with the estate of Toots Hibbert after the estate asserted rights of control over the Maytals name and trademark. The band members who were part of the original lineup in 1972 and those who joined in years between 1972-2022 are now referred to as "former members of The Maytals Band".

Current members
 Paul Douglas – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1969–1981, 1990–2013, 2016–present)
 Jackie Jackson – bass, backing vocals (1969–1981, 1990–2013, 2016–present)
 Radcliffe "Dougie" Bryan – guitar (1972–1981, 1998–2013, 2016–present)
 Carl Harvey – guitar, backing vocals (1980–1981, 1990–2013, 2016–present)
 Marie "Twiggi" Gitten – backing vocals (1999–2013, 2016–present)
 Stephen Stewart – keyboards, backing vocals (2002–2013, 2016–present)
 Charles Farquharson – keyboards (2008–2013, 2016–present)

Accolades
 1981 Toots Live! nominated for Grammy Award
 1989 Toots in Memphis nominated for Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album of the Year
 1998 Skafather nominated for Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album of the Year
 2004 True Love won Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album of the Year
 2010 Toots Hibbert named one of the 100 Greatest Singers by Rolling Stone
 2013 Reggae Got Soul: Unplugged On Strawberry Hill nominated for Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album of the Year
 Record holder for most number one songs in Jamaica (31 #1 songs)
 2020 Got To Be Tough won for Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album of the Year

Museums and expositions
Toots and the Maytals were included in Exposition Jamaica Jamaica!, which ran April to August 2017 at the Philharmonie de Paris in France, to highlight their importance in the development of reggae music.

Discography

Saturday Night Live parody
On Season 41 Episode 4 of Saturday Night Live, hosted by Donald Trump, actors Kenan Thompson and Jay Pharoah played Toots and The Maytals in a sketch with Trump as he introduced musical guest Sia.  Toots and The Maytals were the musical guest on the first episode of SNL that Trump hosted on 3 April 2004.

See also

List of reggae musicians
List of roots reggae artists
List of ska musicians
List of Caribbean music groups

References

External links
Comprehensive discography at X-Ray Music
Toots interview by Daiana Feuer, L.A. Record

Jamaican ska groups
First-wave ska groups
Grammy Award winners
Rocksteady musical groups
Charly Records artists
Trojan Records artists
Jamaican reggae musical groups
Musical groups established in 1962
1962 establishments in Jamaica

Toots and the Maytals


Verdensmesterskabet i bandy 2018 var det 38. VM i bandy gennem tiden, og mesterskabet blev arrangeret af Federation of International Bandy. Turneringen var opdelt i en A-gruppe med 8 hold, der spilledes i Khabarovsk, Rusland den 29. januar - 4. februar 2018, og en B-gruppe med de resterende hold, som blev afviklet i Harbin, Kina i perioden 28. januar - 3. februar 2018.

Mesterskabet blev vundet af værtslandet Rusland, som i finalen besejrede de evige rivaler fra Sverige med 5-4, og som dermed vandt VM-titlen for 11. gang. Kampen blev afgjort af Almaz Mirgazov, der scorede det afgørende mål til 5-4 i det 78. minut. Bronzemedaljerne gik til Finland, der besejrede Kasakhstan i bronzekampen med 8-4. I kampen om femtepladsen besejrede USA for første gang nogensinde Norge.

B-verdensmesterskabet blev overraskende vundet af Holland, som vandt over Japan i finalen med 3-2, og som dermed sikrede sig oprykning til A-VM. Hollændernes bedste B-VM-placering indtil da var en tredjeplads, og året forinden var holdet blot blevet nr. 7 i B-VM. Bronzemedaljerne blev vundet af Estland, der i kampen om tredjepladsen slog værtslandet Kina med 11-3.

A-VM

Arena

A-VM blev spillet i Arena Jerofej med plads til 10.000 tilskuere i Khabarovsk, Rusland i perioden 29. januar - 4. februar 2018.

Hold

A-VM havde deltagelse af otte hold:
 De syv bedste hold fra A-VM 2017.
 Nr. 2 ved B-VM 2017, der stillede op som erstatning for vinderen af B-VM 2017.

Som vinder af B-VM 2017 var Canada kvalificeret som deltager ved A-VM 2018, men det canadiske landshold meldte afbud til mesterskabet. Som erstatning for Canada udpegede FIB Ungarn, der var blevet nr. 2 ved B-VM 2017, og som dermed deltog i et A-VM for første gang.

Indledende runde

De otte hold var opdelt i to puljer med fire hold i hver. Puljerne var inddelt efter holdenes placering ved seneste VM, således at de fire højst rangerede hold var placeret i pulje A, mens de øvrige fire hold spillede i pulje B. Begge puljer spillede en enkeltturnering alle-mod-alle, og alle otte hold gik videre til kvartfinalerne. Således blev der udelukkende spillet om seedninger til kvartfinalerne i den indledende runde.

Pulje A

Pulje B

Finalekampe

Samlet rangering

Hædersbevisninger

Organisationskomiteen hædrede følgende spillere efter mesterskabet.

Derudover kårede repræsentanter fra de tilstedeværende medier et all star-hold bestående af følgende spillere.

Statistik

Topscorere.

B-VM

B-VM blev spillet i Harbin i Folkerepublikken Kina i perioden 28. januar - 4. februar 2018 med deltagelse af 8 hold, der spillede om én oprykningsplads til A-VM. Kampene blev afviklet på et udendørs stadion med plads til 6.000 tilskuere tilknyttet Harbins Sportsuniversitet.

Hold

Indledende runde

De otte hold var opdelt i to puljer med fire hold i pulje A og 4 hold i pulje B. Puljerne var inddelt efter holdenes placering ved seneste VM, således at de fire højst rangerede hold var placeret i pulje A, mens de øvrige hold spillede i pulje B. Begge puljer spillede en enkeltturnering alle-mod-alle, og alle otte hold gik videre til kvartfinalerne. Således blev der udelukkende spillet om seedninger til kvartfinalerne i den indledende runde.

Kampene i pulje A spilledes 2 × 45 minutter, mens kampene i pulje B blev spillet 2 × 30 minutter.

Pulje A

Pulje B

Finalekampe

I slutspillet spilledes alle kampe 2 × 30 minutter, bortset fra semifinalerne, bronzekampen og finalen, hvor der blev spillet 2 × 45 minutter.

Samlet rangering

Kilder / eksterne henvisninger
 Mesterskabets hjemmeside, Division A
 Mesterskabets hjemmeside, Division B

Referencer

2018
Bandy i 2018
Sport i Khabarovsk
Sport i Harbin

VM i bandy 2018


Der League Cup 1995/96 war die 36. Austragung des seit 1960 existierenden englischen League Cup.

Der Wettbewerb startete am 14. August 1995 mit der Ersten Runde und endete am 24. März 1996 mit dem Finale in Wembley. Der Titel ging an Aston Villa durch ein 3:0 im Finale über Leeds United. Der Verein aus Birmingham gewann damit nach 1961, 1975, 1977 und 1994 zum fünften Mal den englischen Ligapokal. Dies war zuvor lediglich dem FC Liverpool gelungen. Leeds United zog zum ersten Mal seit dem Titelgewinn 1968 in das Finale ein.

Erste Runde

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Zweite Runde

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Dritte Runde

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Wiederholungsspiele

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Vierte Runde

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Wiederholungsspiele

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Fünfte Runde

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Wiederholungsspiele

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Halbfinale

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Finale

Weblinks
 Spiele bei soccerbase.com
 England League Cup Full Results 1960-1996
 Artikel über die Partie
 Video der Finalpartie

1995/96
Fußballsaison 1995/96

League Cup 1995/96


Plesioneuron, rod papratnjača iz porodice Thelypteridaceae, dio reda osladolike. Rasprostranjen je po Maleziji i Pacifiku, do Tahitija. Na popisu je 60 vrsta

Rod je opisan 1975.

Vrste

 Plesioneuron altum (Brause) Holttum
 Plesioneuron angiense Holttum
 Plesioneuron angusticaudatum (Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm.
 Plesioneuron archboldiae (Copel.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron attenuatum (Brack.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron belense (Copel.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron bipinnatum (Copel.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron caudatum (Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm.
 Plesioneuron costulisorum (Copel.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron crassum (Copel.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron croftii Holttum
 Plesioneuron cystodioides Holttum
 Plesioneuron deficiens (Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm.
 Plesioneuron doctersii Holttum
 Plesioneuron dryas Holttum
 Plesioneuron dryopteroideum (Brause) Holttum
 Plesioneuron excisum (Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm.
 Plesioneuron falcatipinnulum (Copel.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron finisterrae (Brause) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm.
 Plesioneuron fuchsii Holttum
 Plesioneuron fulgens (Brause) Holttum
 Plesioneuron hopeanum (Baker) Holttum
 Plesioneuron imbricatum (Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm.
 Plesioneuron keysserianum (Rosenst.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm.
 Plesioneuron kostermansii Holttum
 Plesioneuron kundipense Holttum
 Plesioneuron ligulatum (J. Sm. ex C. Presl) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm.
 Plesioneuron marquesicum Holttum
 Plesioneuron medlerae (W. N. Takeuchi) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm.
 Plesioneuron medusella Holttum
 Plesioneuron mingendense (Gilli) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm.
 Plesioneuron murkelense M. Kato
 Plesioneuron myriosorum (Copel.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron notabile (Brause) Holttum
 Plesioneuron obliquum (Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm.
 Plesioneuron ophiura (Copel.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron phanerophlebium (Baker) Holttum
 Plesioneuron platylobum Holttum
 Plesioneuron ponapeanum (Hosok.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron prenticei (Carruth.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron pullei Holttum
 Plesioneuron quadriquetrum (Alderw.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron regis (Copel.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm.
 Plesioneuron rigidilobum Holttum
 Plesioneuron royenii Holttum
 Plesioneuron sandsii Holttum
 Plesioneuron savaiense (Baker) Holttum
 Plesioneuron saxicola M. Kato
 Plesioneuron septempedale (Alston) Holttum
 Plesioneuron stenura Holttum
 Plesioneuron subglabrum Holttum
 Plesioneuron subterminale Holttum
 Plesioneuron tahitense Holttum
 Plesioneuron translucens Holttum
 Plesioneuron tuberculatum (Ces.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron varievestitum (C. Chr.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron walkeri (Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm.
 Plesioneuron wantotense (Copel.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron wariense (Copel.) Holttum
 Plesioneuron woodlarkense (Copel.) Holttum

Izvori

Thelypteridaceae

Plesioneuron


Ferdinand Fellner (19 de abril de 1847 – 22 de março de 1916) foi um construtor e arquiteto austríaco, um dos principais arquitetos do historicismo e do período da Ringstrasse.

Biografia
Fellner juntou-se à empresa de arquitetura do seu pai doente aos dezenove anos. Após a morte do pai, ele fundou, junto com Hermann Helmer, o estúdio de arquitetura Fellner & Helmer em 1873 e projetaram vários teatros e palácios em toda a Europa no final do século XIX e início do século XX, incluindo os teatros em Iași, Oradea, Timișoara e Chernivtsi (em romeno: Cernăuți).

Arquitetos da Áustria
Alunos da Universidade Técnica de Viena

Ferdinand Fellner


Ragnar Jónasson (f. 1976) er íslenskur lögfræðingur og rithöfundur.

Ævi
Ragnar fæddist í Reykjavík en ólst upp í Kópavogi og Grafarvogi. Foreldrar hans eru Katrín Guðjónsdóttir fyrrverandi læknaritari hjá embætti landlæknis og Jónas Ragnarsson ritstjóri hjá Krabbameinsfélaginu. Eiginkona Ragnars er María Margrét Jóhannesdóttir og eiga þau tvær dætur.

Ragnar lauk stúdentsprófi frá Verzlunarskóla Íslands og útskrifaðist sem lögfræðingur frá Háskóla Íslands. Hann starfaði m.a. sem fréttamaður á Ríkissjónvarpinu samhliða námi. Hann starfaði sem forstöðumaður skrifstofu slitastjórar Kaupþings og forstöðumaður lögfræðiráðgjafar Nýja Kaupþings. Frá 2015-2019 var hann yfirlögfræðingur sjóðstýringafyrirtækisins Gamma en árið 2019 hóf hann störf á fjárfestingabankasviði Arion banka. Ragnar hefur einnig kennt höfundarétt við lagadeild Háskólans í Reykjavík.

Fyrsta glæpasaga Ragnars Fölsk nóta kom út árið 2009 en áður hafði hann þýtt fjölda bóka eftir Agatha Christie.

Ragnar hefur ásamt Yrsu Sigurðardóttur glæpasagnahöfundi staðið fyrir fyrstu íslensku glæpasagnahátíðinni Iceland Noir sem fyrst var haldin árið 2013.

Ragnar hefur einbeitt sér að ritun glæpasagna og bækur hans verið gefnar út í 40 löndum á 27 tungumálum og selst í tæplega tveimur milljónum eintaka á heimsvísu. Árið 2020 var bók hans Mistur valin glæpasaga ársins í Bretlandi. Í september árið 2020 tilkynnti bandaríska sjónvarpsstöðin CBS að hún ætlaði að framleiða glæpaþætti byggða á bók Ragnars, Dimmu.

Bækur eftir Ragnar

 Fölsk nóta (2009)

 Snjóblinda (2010)
 Myrknætti (2011)
 Rof (2012)
 Andköf (2013)
 Náttblinda (2014)
 Dimma (2015)
Drungi (2016)
 Mistur (2017)
 Þorpið (2018)
 Hvítidauði (2019)
 Vetrarmein (2020)
Úti (2021)

Tilvísanir

Fólk fætt árið 1976
Íslenskir rithöfundar
Stúdentar úr Verslunarskóla Íslands
Íslenskir lögfræðingar

Ragnar Jónasson


ආහාර ගබඩාකරගැනීම සඳහා විකරණය වූ ශාක මුල්, අල නම්වේ.

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
 අල (එළවළු)

අල (උද්භිදවේදය)


Mačje uho (grban; lat. Herminium), rod trajnica iz porodice Orchidaceae. Oko 50 vrsta rasprostranjeno je po velikim dijelovima Euroazije. U Hrvatskoj raste samo jedna vrsta, to je vrećasto mačje uho ili vrećasti grban (H. monorchis).

Vrste

 Herminium alaschanicum Maxim.
 Herminium albomarginatum (King) X.H.Jin, Schuit., Raskoti & Lu Q.Huang
 Herminium albosanguineum (Renz) X.H.Jin, Schuit., Raskoti & Lu Q.Huang
 Herminium albovirens (Renz) X.H.Jin, Schuit., Raskoti & Lu Q.Huang
 Herminium biporosum Maxim.
 Herminium bulleyi (Rolfe) Tang & F.T.Wang
 Herminium chloranthum Tang & F.T.Wang
 Herminium clavigerum (Lindl.) X.H.Jin, Schuit., Raskoti & Lu Q.Huang
 Herminium coeloceras (Finet) Schltr.
 Herminium coiloglossum Schltr.
 Herminium ecalcaratum (Finet) Schltr.
 Herminium edgeworthii (Hook.f. ex Collett) X.H.Jin, Schuit., Raskoti & Lu Q.Huang
 Herminium elisabethae (Duthie) Tang & F.T.Wang
 Herminium fallax (Lindl.) Hook.f.
 Herminium fimbriatum (Raskoti) X.H.Jin, Schuit., Raskoti & Lu Q.Huang
 Herminium forceps (Finet) Schltr.
 Herminium glossophyllum Tang & F.T.Wang
 Herminium gracile King & Pantl.
 Herminium handelii X.H.Jin, Schuit., Raskoti & Lu Q.Huang
 Herminium himalayanum (Renz) X.H.Jin, Schuit., Raskoti & Lu Q.Huang
 Herminium hongdeyuanii Raskoti
 Herminium humidicola (K.Y.Lang & D.S.Deng) X.H.Jin, Schuit., Raskoti & Lu Q.Huang
 Herminium jaffreyanum King & Pantl.
 Herminium josephi Rchb.f.
 Herminium kalimpongense Pradhan
 Herminium kamengense A.N.Rao
 Herminium kumaunense Deva & H.B.Naithani
 Herminium lanceum (Thunb. ex Sw.) Vuijk
 Herminium latilabre (Lindl.) X.H.Jin, Schuit., Raskoti & Lu Q.Huang
 Herminium longilobatum S.N.Hegde & A.N.Rao
 Herminium mackinonii Duthie
 Herminium macrophyllum (D.Don) Dandy
 Herminium mannii (Rchb.f.) Tang & F.T.Wang
 Herminium monophyllum (D.Don) P.F.Hunt & Summerh.
 Herminium monorchis (L.) R.Br.
 Herminium motuoense X.H.Jin
 Herminium neotineoides Ames & Schltr.
 Herminium ophioglossoides Schltr.
 Herminium oxysepalum (K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit., Raskoti & Lu Q.Huang
 Herminium pugioniforme Lindl. ex Hook.f.
 Herminium pusillum Ohwi & Fukuy.
 Herminium pygmaeum Renz
 Herminium quinquelobum King & Pantl.
 Herminium singulum Tang & F.T.Wang
 Herminium souliei (Finet) Rolfe
 Herminium suave Tang & F.T.Wang
 Herminium tangianum (S.Y.Hu) K.Y.Lang
 Herminium tibeticum X.H.Jin, Schuit. & Raskoti
 Herminium wangianum X.H.Jin, Schuit., Raskoti & Lu Q.Huang
 Herminium yunnanense Rolfe

Sinonimi
 Androcorys Schltr.
 Bhutanthera Renz
 Cybele Falc.
 Frigidorchis Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen
 Monorchis Ehrh.
 Monorchis Ség.
 Porolabium Tang & F.T.Wang
 Thisbe Falc.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Orchideae

Mačje uho


Olaylar
 Halley kuyruklu yıldızı, Dünya'nın yakınından geçti. (önceki: 66; sonraki: 218)

Doğumlar

Ölümler
 Annia Galeria Faustina, Roma imparatoriçesi (d. 100)

141


بلدية تريسفايسو ، هي إحدى بلديات منطقة كانتابريا, المصنفة على أنها مقاطعة أيضاً، في شمال إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 55 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2002).

مراجع

بلديات كانتابريا

تريسفايسو


Hans Vaihinger (; September 25, 1852 – December 18, 1933) was a German philosopher, best known as a Kant scholar and for his Die Philosophie des Als Ob (The Philosophy of 'As if'), published in 1911 although its statement of basic principles had been written more than thirty years earlier.

Biography
Vaihinger was born in Nehren, Württemberg, Germany, near Tübingen, and raised in what he described as a "very religious atmosphere".  He was educated at the University of Tübingen (the Tübinger Stift), Leipzig University, and the University of Berlin.  He then became a tutor and later a philosophy professor at the University of Strasbourg, before moving in 1884 to the University of Halle, where from 1892 he was a full professor.

Philosophical work

Philosophy of As If
In Die Philosophie des Als Ob, Vaihinger argued that human beings can never really know the underlying reality of the world, and that as a result people construct systems of thought and then assume that these match reality: they behave "as if" the world matches their models. In particular, he used examples from the physical sciences, such as protons, electrons, and electromagnetic waves.  None of these phenomena has been observed directly, but science assumes and pretends that they exist, and uses observations made on these assumptions to create new and better constructs.

Vaihinger acknowledged several precursors, especially Kant, and Hermann Lotze and wrote he felt vindicated by Friedrich Albert Lange, but had been unaware of Jeremy Bentham's Theory of Fictions until it was brought to his attention by his translator, C. K. Ogden, at the very end of his life.

In the preface to the English edition of his work, Vaihinger expressed his principle of fictionalism:  "An idea whose theoretical untruth or incorrectness, and therewith its falsity, is admitted, is not for that reason practically valueless and useless; for such an idea, in spite of its theoretical nullity[,] may have great practical importance." Moreover, Vaihinger denied that his philosophy was a form of skepticism because skepticism implies a doubting, whereas in his 'as if' philosophy the acceptance of patently false fictions is justified as a pragmatic non-rational solution to problems that have no rational answers.

Fictions in this sense, however, Vaihinger considers to be only "half-fictions or semi-fictions". Rather, "real fictions" are those that "are not only in contradiction with reality but self-contradictory in themselves;  the concept of the atom, for example, or the 'Ding an sich'."  However, the two types "are not sharply divided from one another but are connected by transitions.  Thought begins with slight initial deviations from reality (half-fictions), and, becoming bolder and bolder, ends by operating with constructs that are not only opposed to the facts but are self-contradictory."

This philosophy, though, is wider than just science.  One can never be sure that the world will still exist tomorrow, but one usually assumes that it does.  Alfred Adler, the founder of Individual Psychology, was profoundly influenced by Vaihinger's theory of useful fictions, incorporating the idea of psychological fictions into his personality construct of a fictional final goal.

Vaihinger's philosophy of 'as if' can be viewed as one of the central premises upon which George Kelly's personal construct psychology is based. Kelly credited Vaihinger with influencing his theory, especially the idea that our constructions are better viewed as useful hypotheses rather than representations of objective reality. Kelly wrote: "Vaihinger's 'as if' philosophy has value for psychology (...) Vaihinger began to develop a system of philosophy he called the "philosophy of 'as if' ". In it he offered a system of thought in which God and reality might best be represented as paradigms. This was not to say that either God or reality was any less certain than anything else in the realm of man's awareness, but only that all matters confronting man might best be regarded in hypothetical ways".

Frank Kermode's The Sense of an Ending (1967) was an early mention of Vaihinger as a useful methodologist of narrativity. He says that "literary fictions belong to Vaihinger's category of 'the consciously false.' They are not subject, like hypotheses, to proof or disconfirmation, only, if they come to lose their operational effectiveness, to neglect."

Later, James Hillman developed both Vaihinger and Adler's work with psychological fictions into a core theme of his work Healing Fiction in which he makes one of his more accessible cases for identifying the tendency to literalize, rather than "see through our meanings", with neurosis and madness.

Critical reception and legacy
During his own lifetime Vaihinger's works were generally well received both in Germany and abroad, especially in America. When, in 1924, his Philosophy of As If was published in English, the original 1911 book was already in its sixth edition. However, the American journalist Mencken was scathing in his criticism of the book, which he dismissed as an unimportant "foot-note to all existing systems". Vaihinger was also criticised by the Logical positivists who made "curt and disparaging references" to his work.

After his death, and the intellectual sea change that followed the Second World War, Vaihinger's work received little attention from philosophers. It was left to psychologists such as Kelly and writers such as Kermode to draw upon his central ideas. However, the interest of literary scholars has continued modestly with the publication of some recent "Vaihinger-inflected critical literature". A reappraisal of Vaihinger by the American philosopher Arthur Fine concluded that Vaihinger was actually the "preeminent twentieth-century philosopher of modeling". Vaihinger's influence has since markedly increased, and the currently booming fictionalism movement in the philosophy of science takes his contributions as its main historical lead and inspiration.

Works
 1876 Hartmann, Dühring und Lange (Hartmann, Dühring and Lange)
 1897–1922 Kant-Studien, founder and chief editor
 1899 Kantein Metaphysiker? (Kanta Metaphysician?)
 1902 Nietzsche Als Philosoph (Nietzsche as Philosopher)
 1906 Philosophie in der Staatsprüfung. Winke für Examinatoren und Examinanden. (Philosophy in the Degree. Cues for teachers and students.)
 1911 Die Philosophie des Als Ob (The Philosophy of 'As if''')
 1922 Commentar zu Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft (Commentary on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason), edited by Raymund Schmidt
 1924 The Philosophy of 'As if': A System of the Theoretical, Practical and Religious Fictions of Mankind'', Translated by C. K. Ogden, Barnes and Noble, New York, 1968 (First published in England by Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd., 1924).

References

External links
Biography of Vaihinger in English
Detailed German-language chronology of Vaihinger's life, works, and works about him

1852 births
1933 deaths
20th-century German  philosophers
Kantian philosophers
University of Tübingen alumni
Leipzig University alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Academic staff of the University of Strasbourg
Academic staff of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg

Hans Vaihinger


Ólafs ríma Haraldssonar er íslenskur rímnabálkur eftir Einar Gilsson (d. 1369) lögmann og skáld sem varðveist hefur í Flateyjarbók (GKS 1005 fol.). Ólafs ríma er talin vera elsta íslenska ríman sem varðveist hefur, og jafnvel fyrsta ríman sem var ort. Ríman fjallar um viðureign Ólafs konungs Haraldssonar hins digra og fall hans í orrustunni á Stiklastöðum í Noregi sem háð var 29. júlí árið 1030.

Ólafs ríma er einn rímnabálkur og inniheldur 65 erindi.

Tengt efni

 Rímur

Rímur

Ólafs ríma Haraldssonar


Algeciras, İspanya'nın 17 özerk bölgesinden, ülkenin güneybatı köşesinde en fazla nüfusa sahip Endülüs otonom bölgesinin 8 eyaletinden biri olan Cádiz'a bağlı 44 belediyeden biridir. 2002 yılında yapılan nüfus sayımlarına göre Algeciras belediyesinin nüfusu 106.710 kişidir.

Tarihi
Şehir Erken Roma döneminde "Portus Albus" (beyaz liman) adıyla anılan bir kasabaydı. 713 yılında bu kasaba Araplar tarafından kurularak, الجزيرة الخضراء (al-Jazirah al-Khadra') adıyla yani "yeşil ada" ismi ile anılmaya başlandı. Şehrin şimdiki ismi bu addan esinlenerek verilmiştir. 1035-1058 yılları arasında beylik olarak yönetilmiştir. 1058'de Sevilla Emirliği hakimiyetine girerek Algeciras Emirliği son bulmuştur. Şehir 1344 yılında Kastilya Krallığı yönetimine (XI. Alfonso dönemi), 1368 senesinde tekrar İslam hakimiyetine (Gırnata Krallığı, V. Muhammed dönemi) girmiştir.

Ünlü kişiler
 Paco de Lucía
 Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir
 Ana Belén Palomo
 José María Sánchez-Verdú
 Alejandro Sanz

Ayrıca bakınız
 Algeciras Konferansı
 Algeciras Emirliği

Dış bağlantılar

  Algeciras Belediyesi
  Fotoğraflar

Campo de Gibraltar İlçesi'nin belediyeleri

Algeciras


Sirens es el álbum debut de la banda estadounidense de heavy metal Savatage. Este lanzamiento destaca por su propuesta de sonido contundente y oscuro en relación con posteriores discos de estudio, más centrados en elementos progresivos.

Listado de canciones

 La canción Out on the Streets fue regrabada con posterioridad en el álbum de 1986 Fight For The Rock. Una versión acústica fue grabada por Jon Oliva e incluida como bonus track en el Greatest Hits de 2010.
 La canción Scream Murder fue versionada por la banda estadounidense de metal progresivo Vanquishes en su álbum Speed Metal Demon.
La canción Holocaust fue versionada por la banda estadounidense de death metal Six Feet Under en su álbum Graveyard Classics.

Formación

Jon Oliva- Voz y piano
Criss Oliva- Guitarra y coros
Keith Collins- Bajo y coros
Steve Wacholz- Batería

Producción

Danny Johnson - Productor
Jim Morris - Técnico
Terry Oakes - material gráfico, ilustraciones
Mike Fuller - Masterización
Eddy Schreyer - Remasterización

Enlaces externos

Sirens en la página oficial de Savatage

Álbumes de 1983
Álbumes de Savatage
Álbumes en inglés

Sirens (álbum de Savatage)


Viola Herms Drath (* 8. Februar 1920 in Düsseldorf; † 12. August 2011 in Georgetown, Washington D.C.) war eine deutsch-amerikanische Autorin und Journalistin.

Leben
Viola Herms wurde in Düsseldorf in eine wohlhabende Familie geboren. Sie besuchte ein Internat in Schottland und sprach fließend Englisch. Sie studierte Kunst und Mode und arbeitete zunächst als Theaterautorin, 1946 wurde ihr Stück "Leb wohl, Isabell" am Theater Straubing aufgeführt. Zudem betätigte sie sich journalistisch bei verschiedenen Zeitungen. Ende der vierziger Jahre lernte sie ihren späteren Ehemann, Lt. Col. Francis S. Drath, kennen, der als stellvertretender Militärgouverneur in Bayern stationiert war. Sie folgte ihrem Mann 1947 nach Lincoln, Nebraska und nahm dort ein Studium der Philosophie und Literaturwissenschaft auf. Unterdessen war sie auch für deutschsprachige Magazine in den USA und als Amerika-Korrespondentin deutscher Zeitschriften tätig.

1968 zog die Familie (eine Tochter wurde 1962 geboren) nach Washington, D.C., wo Drath eine Stelle als Auslandskorrespondentin des Handelsblatts antrat. Fast 27 Jahre blieb sie für die Zeitung tätig.
Schwerpunkt ihrer Arbeit waren meist die deutsch-amerikanischen Beziehungen. Als Journalistin und privat verkehrte sie in Kreisen der Politik, Kunst und Kultur.

1986 starb ihr Ehemann Francis im Alter von 81 Jahren an Krebs. Einige Monate später verlobte sie sich mit dem 44 Jahre jüngeren Deutschen Albrecht Gero Muth (* 1964), den sie Anfang 1980 als Praktikanten im Rahmen einer Pressekonferenz kennengelernt hatte. Das Paar wurde erst 1990 von einem Richter des Obersten Gerichtshofes von Virginia getraut. Muth führte in den folgenden Jahren ein exzentrisches Partyleben im gemeinsamen Haushalt und gab sich dabei unter anderem als deutscher Adliger, irakischer General oder Spion verschiedener Dienste aus, während er tatsächlich arbeitslos von monatlichen Zuwendungen seiner Frau lebte. 2002 trennte sich das Paar zeitweilig, als Muth eine Beziehung zu einem Mann einging, mit dem er zusammenzog. Später lebten Drath und Muth wieder im gemeinsamen Haushalt.

Todesumstände
Am 12. August 2011 verständigte Muth die Polizei und gab an, seine Frau leblos im Badezimmer aufgefunden zu haben, wo sie gestürzt sei. Der Unfalltod wurde jedoch stark angezweifelt, am 16. August wurde Muth offiziell des Mordes (second-degree murder) an seiner Frau beschuldigt. Am 6. März 2012 wurde von einer Grand Jury des Superior Courts im District of Columbia erweiterte Mordanklage (first degree murder) gegen Muth erhoben. Im Januar 2014 befanden die Geschworenen ihn für schuldig, das Strafmaß wurde später auf 50 Jahre Haft festgesetzt.

Verfilmung
Die Beziehung zwischen Muth und Drath und ihre Ermordung stehen im Mittelpunkt des Regiedebuts des österreichischen Schauspielers Christoph Waltz. Die Hauptrollen in Georgetown spielen er selbst (als Ulrich Mott) und Vanessa Redgrave (als Elsa Brecht). Premiere feiert der Film beim Tribeca Film Festival im April 2019.

Schriften
 Germany in world politics. Cyrco Press, 1979
 Willy Brandt, prisoner of his past. Chilton Book, 1975
 Engagement und Provokation: Texte zeitgenössischer deutschsprachiger Autoren. Macmillan, 1973
 Was wollen die Deutschen?: 21 Zeitgenossen. Macmillan, 1970
 Typisch deutsch?. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1969
 Die komplizierten Deutschen: intime Konversationen. Blaisdell, 1967
 Reporter in Deutschland: a reader for beginners. Holt, 1959
 Goethes Wahlverwandtschaften und Friedrich Schlegels Lucinde. M.A. University of Nebraska 1953

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Journalist (Deutschland)
Journalist (Vereinigte Staaten)
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Englisch)
Literatur (Deutsch)
Politische Literatur
Kriminalfall 2011
Deutscher
Geboren 1920
Gestorben 2011
Frau

Viola Drath


Maldivler millî futbol takımı, Maldivler'i uluslararası arenada temsil eden futbol takımıdır.

Turnuva tarihi

FIFA Dünya Kupası tarihi

Asya Kupası tarihi
 1956 - 1992 arası - Katılmadı
 1996 - 2004 arası - Elemeleri geçemedi
 2007 - Katılmadı
 2011 - Elemeleri geçemedi

Kaynakça

Asya'da millî futbol takımları
Millî futbol takımı

Maldivler millî futbol takımı


Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne,  (27 November 1812 – 4 May 1895) was an English lawyer and politician. He served twice as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain.

Background and education
Palmer was born at Mixbury in Oxfordshire, where his father, William Jocelyn Palmer, was rector. His mother Dorothea was daughter of the Rev. William Roundell of Gledstone Hall, Yorkshire. William Palmer and Edwin Palmer were his brothers. He was educated at Rugby School and Winchester College.

Palmer proceeded to the University of Oxford, matriculating from Christ Church, moving to Trinity College upon winning a scholarship there, and becoming a fellow of Magdalen College in 1834. He graduated BA in 1834 and MA in 1836. While at Oxford he became a close friend of the hymnist and theologian, Frederick William Faber. At Oxford he won the Chancellor's Prize for Latin Verse in 1831, the Ireland Scholarship in Greek and the Newdigate Prize in 1832, the Eldon Law Scholarship in 1834 and the Chancellor's Latin Essay Prize in 1835. He was President of the Oxford Union in 1832.

Political career
Palmer was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1837. He preferred practice at the equity bar, and avoided juries. From 1840 to 1843 he was a leader writer for The Times. He was elected to the House of Commons for Plymouth in 1847. A Peelite, he was defeated in 1852, but was returned in a by-election the following year. He lost his seat in 1857, and was defeated again in 1859.

In 1861, Palmer was appointed Solicitor General in the government of Lord Palmerston and was returned unopposed for Richmond, receiving the customary knighthood. In 1863 he was promoted Attorney General, continuing in office under Lord Russell after Palmerston's death in 1865, until the government's defeat in 1866. His position as a law officer of the Crown meant that he had to handle the many questions of international law that arose out of the American Civil War, including the Alabama affair.

An early follower of Gladstone, Palmer broke with him over the disestablishment of the Irish Church. After the Liberals were returned in the 1868 election, he refused Gladstone's offers to appoint him either as Lord Chancellor or Lord Chief Justice, preferring to be free to oppose Irish disestablishment as a backbencher. He was the leading counsel for Britain before the Alabama Claims tribunal in Geneva.

Despite his continuing opposition to the government on Irish and Church issues, Palmer was appointed on 15 October 1872 as Lord Chancellor under Gladstone. He was created Baron Selborne, of Selborne in the County of Southampton, and was sworn of the Privy Council. His first tenure in office saw the passage of the Judicature Act 1873, which reorganised the English judiciary. Selborne again held the Lord Chancellorship under Gladstone in 1880–1885. In the latter year he established a Lord Chancellor's Department. He was created Viscount Wolmer, of Blackmoor in the County of Southampton, and the Earl of Selborne in 1882.

After the fall of Gladstone in 1885, Selborne became increasingly alarmed by perceived radical tendencies within the Liberal Party. He finally broke with Gladstone over Irish Home Rule, refusing reappointment as Lord Chancellor when the Liberals returned to office in 1886, and joining the Liberal Unionists.

Honours
Selborne was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in June 1860. He was an honorary fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford and an honorary Student of Christ Church, Oxford, High Steward of the University of Oxford and Lord Rector of the University of St Andrews.

Judicial decisions
Barnes v Addy (1874) LR 9 Ch App 244
L'Union St. Jacques de Montreal v. Bélisle (1874), 6 L.R. P.C. 31, [1874] UKPC 53 (P.C.).
Foakes v Beer [1884] UKHL 1, [1881-85] All ER Rep 106, (1884) 9 App Cas 605; 54 LJQB 130; 51 LT 833; 33 WR 233 – a leading case from the House of Lords on the legal concept of consideration

Family

Selborne married Lady Laura, daughter of William Waldegrave, 8th Earl Waldegrave, in 1848. They had four daughters followed by a son. Their eldest, Laura Elizabeth, was born in 1848 and became an author and social reformer, who in 1876 married George Ridding, the first Bishop of Southwell, so becoming known as Lady Laura Ridding. Their second, Mary Dorothea (1850–1933), married her first cousin, the 9th Earl Waldegrave in 1874. Their third, Sophia Matilda (1852–1915), named after her great-great-aunt, Princess Sophia Matilda of Gloucester, was a writer of fiction and married Amable Charles Franquet, Comte de Franqueville, in 1903. Their fourth, Sarah Wilfreda (1854–1910) married her second cousin, George Tournay Biddulph, son of Robert Biddulph, in 1883. Their son William Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne later became a prominent Unionist politician. Lady Selborne died in April 1885. Lord Selborne survived her by ten years and died in May 1895, aged 82.

Publications
 2nd ed. (London, December 1886), 3rd ed. (London, March 1887), 4th ed. (London, February 1888)

Selborne Memorials (London, 1896–98)

References

External links

 Papers at Lambeth Palace Library

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Selborne, Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of
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UK MPs 1865–1868
UK MPs 1868–1874
UK MPs who were granted peerages
Fellows of the Royal Society
Solicitors General for England and Wales
19th-century English judges
Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Presidents of the Oxford Union
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Plymouth
Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria

Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne


Angelo Giustiniano (1568. ‒ 1629.), hrvatski katolički svećenik, isusovac, matematičar.

Bio je jedan od prvih hrvatskih profesora na inozemnim sveučilištima

Rodom iz Šibenika. Prva je osoba iz hrvatskih krajeva koja je bila profesor matematike na Rimskom kolegiju. Predavao je odmah na početku 17. stoljeća, kad je na kolegiju studirao Bartol Kašić.

Izvori

Hrvatski isusovci
Hrvatski matematičari
Životopisi, Šibenik
Hrvati u Italiji

Angelo Giustiniano