The list below, enumerates the selected sites of the Soviet forced labor camps of the Gulag, known in Russian as the "corrective labor camps", abbreviation: ITL. Most of them served mining, construction, and timber works. It is estimated that for most of its existence, the Gulag system consisted of over 30,000 camps, divided into three categories according to the number of prisoners held. The largest camps consisted of more than 25,000 prisoners each, medium size camps held from 5,000 to 25,000 inmates, and the smallest, but most numerous labor camps operated with less than 5,000 people each. Even this incomplete list can give a fair idea of the scale of forced labor in the USSR.

A list of Gulag penal labor camps in the USSR was created in Poland from the personal accounts of labor camp detainees of Polish citizenship. It was compiled by the government of Poland for the purpose of regulation and future financial compensation for World War II victims, and published in a decree of the Council of Ministers of Poland.

Camp system operation
There were a number of particular categories of convicts that were imprisoned there including:
Any person convicted to a term of imprisonment of more than three years (all those convicted to less than three years were to be sent to "corrective labor colonies").
Opponents of the Soviet rule. Initially these were dubbed "class enemies" (White Army combatants, members of opposition parties, nobility, etc.). Later, when the full victory of the Revolution was declared and there were supposedly no more "class enemies" left, a more flexible term of the enemy of the people was introduced, as well as an infamous Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code) that covered "counter-revolutionary activities".
Soviet combatants returned from captivity. As a rule they were held liable under Article 58.

The prisoners of war were generally imprisoned in special POW camps, which existed independently from the network of corrective labor camps, and were subordinated to a separate administrative apparatus within the NKVD (since 1946: MVD) called GUPVI. However, a fair number of POWs ended up in the regular camp system eventually. Unlike Gulag camps, located primarily in remote areas (mostly in Siberia), most of the POW camps after the war were located in the European part of the Soviet Union (with notable exceptions of the Japanese POW in the Soviet Union), where the prisoners worked on restoration of the country's infrastructure destroyed during the war: roads, railways, plants, etc., see POW labor in the Soviet Union. Polish citizens and members of other nationalities who were imprisoned at the Soviet forced labour camps during World War II worked also for the Soviet Army, digging trenches, employed in lumber and cement works, airport runway construction, and unloading of transport goods.

Main camp directorates with acronyms
 BAM: Baikalo-Amurskaya Magistral, Baikal–Amur Mainline (railway)
 BBK: Belomorsko-Baltiyskiy Kanal, White Sea–Baltic Canal
 ITL: "Ispravitelno-trudovoi lager'", corrective labor camp
 LO: "Lesoobyedinenie", Logging works complex
 CW: Construction Works
 CS: Construction Site
 GES: "Gidroelektrostantsiya", hydro-electric powerplant
 Dalstroy: Far East regional CW directorate

 SMU: "stroitelno-montazhnoe upravlenie",  Administration of construction and installation works
 NKVD: literally, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs
 MVD: literally, the Ministry of Internal Affairs
 UVD: literally, the Administration of Internal Affairs, subordinated to GUVD
 GUVD: literally, the Main Administration of Internal Affairs, renamed MVD
 NKV: literally, the People's Commissariat of Arms
 OITK: "Otdel ispravitelno-trudovykh koloniy", corrective labor colonies department
 OLP: "Otdel'ny lagerny punkt", separate camp point
 OGPU: "Ob'yedinennoe glavnoe politicheskoe upravlenie", United Main Political Administration
 PL: to mark sites that also detained Polish nationals
 SGU: "Spetsialʹnoye glavnoye upravleniye Glavspetstsvetmeta", Special Chief Directorate of Glavspetstsvetmet
 TMFM: Traitor of Motherland Family Member (Russian: ЧСИР: член семьи изменника Родины), a category of repressed designated for the family members of the person who was recognized as the Traitor of Motherland; some camps were specifically designated to this category.
 Yeniseystroy: Yenisei River basin regional CW directorate

GULAG
 GULAG: "Glavnoe Upravlenie Ispravitelno-trudovykh Lagerey", or The Chief Directorate of Corrective Labor Camps
 BAMLag: Directorate of BAM camps
 BBLag: Directorate of White Sea–Baltic Canal camps, refer to previously mentioned BBK
 GUAS:  "Glavnoe Upravleniye Aerodromnogo stroitelstva", Chief Directorate of airport construction
 GULGMP: "Glavnoe Upravleniye Lagerey (GUL) Gorno-Metallurgicheskoy Predpriyatiy", Chief Directorate of Camps in Mining and Metallurgical Enterprises
 GULLP: "GUL Lesnoy Promyshlennosti", Chief Directorate of Camps in Forest Industry
 GULTP: "GUL Tyazholoy Promyshlennosti", Chief Directorate of Camps in Heavy Industry
 GULGTS: "GUL Gidrotekhnicheskogo stroitelstva", Chief Directorate of Hydroelectric CW
 GULPS: "GUL Upraveleniye Promyshlennogo stroitel'stva", Chief Directorate of Industrial CW
 GULZhDS: "GUL Zheleznodorozhnogo stroitelstva", Chief Directorate of Railway CW
 GUSHOSDOR, GULShosDor, GULShDOR: "GUL Shosseynykh dorog", Chief Directorate of Camps in Highway CW
 Sevvostlag or SVITL (severo-vostochnye lagerya): Directorate of North-Eastern Camps, until 1939 was an independent system of labor camps outside of the main administration of camps, GULAG.
 USLON: "Upravlenie Severnykh Lagerey Osobogo Naznacheniya", Directorate of Northern Special Purpose Camps
 USKMITL: "Upravlenie Solovetskogo and Karelo-Murmanskikh ITL", Directorate of Solovki and Karelia–Murmansk Camps
 SLON: "Solovetski Lager Osobogo Naznachenia", Solovki Special Purpose Camp
 KhOZU: "Khozyaystvennoe upravlenie MVD", Economic Directorate of the MVD
 UITLK: "Upravleniye Ispravitelno-trudovykh Lagerey i Koloniy", Directorate of Corrective Labor Camps and Colonies
 USVITL: "Upravleniye Severo-Vostochnykh Ispravitelʹno-trudovykh Lagerey", Directorate of Northeast Corrective Labor Camps

Construction works
 Administration of corrective labor camps of "Apatit" industrial complex
 General Administration of Petroleum Refinery and Synthetic Fuels Construction of MVD
 (PL) ITLs servicing CSs ## 6, 16, 18, 90, 100, 105, 106, 108, 141, 159, 211, 213, 247, 258, 263, 304, 313, 442, 447, 462, 496, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 513, 514, 514, 560, 565, 585, 600, 601, 620, 665, 770, 790, 791, 833, 855, 859, 865, 880, 882, 883, 885, 896, 907, 915, 940, 994 (PL)
 (PL) ITLs servicing GUShosDor CSs ## 1–8, 19 (PL)
 (PL) ITLs servicing SMU ## 41—53 (PL)
 Krasnoyarsk CS and ITL of Yeniseystroy (PL)
 ITL of Special CSs for Cellulose-Paper enterprises of Karelo-Finnish SSR (PL)
 ITL of CS for Arkhangelsk Cellulose-Paper Complex (PL)
 ITL of CSs for hydroelectric power plants on the Biya River (PL)
 ITL of CSs for Vladimir hydroelectric power plant (PL)
 ITL for CSs ##1, 2, 3 of Bashkirian Petroleum Plants Special CW (Bashspecneftestroy) (PL)
 ITL for CSs ##1, 2, 3 of Tatarstan Petroleum Plants Special CW (Tatspecneftestroy) (PL)
 ITL for CS of the Kazan petroleum refinery
 ITL for CSs of hydroelectric power plants on the upper Oka River (PL)
 ITL for CSs of Transcaucasian metallurgical enterprises (PL)
 ITL for CSs of Znamienitaya (плотина «Знаменитая») dam and sluice (PL) on the Northern Dvina Canal
 ITL for CSs of Volga–Don Canal (PL)
 ITL for CSs of Krasnoyarsk–Yeniseysk railway (PL)
 ITL for CSs of Karaganda basin open-cast coal mines (PL)
 Taishet Construction Works

Continued from the Polish Dziennik Ustaw complete listing of NKVD camps with Poles.
 Alluvaysky CS and ITL (PL)
 Yensky CS and ITL (PL)
 Matkozensky CS and ITL (PL)
 Yanstroy ITL of Dalstroy (PL)
ITL of the Administration of Paved Roads of Dalstroy

A

Akhtuba ITL (Akhtublag)
Akhunsky ITL (Akhunlag)
ALZhIR, camp for wives of "traitors of the Motherland" (АЛЖИР, Акмолинский лагерь жён изменников Родины), an example of a morose Gulag wordplay: Алжир is Algeria (in Siberia...)
Aktyubinsky ITL (Aktyubinlag)
Aldan ITL of Dalstroy
Aldansky ITL (Aldanlag)
Alluayvskoe CS and ITL (PL)
Altaysky ITL (Altaylag)
Amgunsky ITL (Amgunlag)
Amursky ITL (Amurlag)
Amur Railway ITL (Amurlag)
Lower Amur ITL
Angarsky ITL (Angarlag)
Angrensky ITL (Angrenlag)
Aralichevsky ITL (Aralichevlag)
Arkhangelsky ITL (Arkhbumlag; renamed ITL and construction of Arkhangelsk TsBK in 1940)
Arkhangelsky transit point OGPU (Arkhperpunkt)
Astrakhansky ITL (Astrakhanlag)
Avrotransportny ITL of Dalstroy (Translag)
Azovsky ITL (Azovlag)
Azovskoe LO (Azovlag)

Continued from the Polish Dziennik Ustaw complete listing of NKVD camps with Poles.
Archpierpunkt
Atbasarski ITL

B
Bakalsky ITL (Bakallag)
Bakovsky ITL (Bakovlag)
Balaganskoe LO
Balakhninsky ITL (Balaklag)
Baleysky ITL (Baleylag)
Bamlag (Baikal–Amur Mainline) ITLs
Barashevsky ITL and GULAG industrial complex (Barashevlag)
BBK (White Sea–Baltic Canal) ITLs
Belogorsky ITL (Belogorlag)
Belomorstroy and ITL (Belbaltlag)
Belorechensky ITL (Belrechlag)
Belozersk LO
Bereznikovsky ITL (Bereznyaklag, Berezlag)
Berlag (MVD Special Camp No. 5)
Beskudnikovskoe Special LO
Bezymyansky ITL (Bezymyanlag)
Birsky ITL (Birlag)
Bodaybinsky ITL (Bodaybinlag)
Bogoslovsky ITL and construction of aluminum plant (Bogoslovag)
Borsky ITL (Borlag)
Bratsky ITL and Tayshet construction
Buchenwald called Special camp No 2 of the NKVD. Part of the GULAG from 1948 to 1950; transferred to GDR control by Kruglov.
Bukachachinsky ITL (Bukachachlag)
 , concentrating on BAM construction
Butugychag, Uranium mine and Special ITL (Magadan Oblast), headed by Dalstroy, later, at closing, Sevvostlag.    Coordinates: 61 18'05.65" N  149 02'53.34" E

Continued from the Polish Dziennik Ustaw complete listing of NKVD camps, and the Russian Карта ГУЛАГа – Мемориал
Bakalsky ITL
Bakovsky ITL
Baleysky ITL
Balachlag
Barashevsky ITL and Industrial Complex of GULAG (Barashevlag; transferred to Dubravnogo Camp in 1954)
Baydarsky ITL (Baydarlag)
Bazhenovsky ITL (Bazhenovlag)
Belokorovichsky camp of the OITK NKVD of BSSR
Beregovoy Camp (MVD Special Camp No. 5, Berlag)
Berezovsky ITL (1947–1948, Berezovlag)
Berezovsky ITL (1954–1956, Berezovlag)
Berezovsky ITL of Northern directorate of GULZhDS (Berezovlag)
Bezymyansky ITL (Bezymyanlag)
Bobrovskoe LO (Bobrovlag)
Borsky ITL (Borlag)
Burepolomsky ITL (Burepolomlag)

C
Central Asian ITL (Sazlag, Sazulon, Central Asian camps, Directorate of Central Asian labor camp and colonies of the NKVD of the Uzbek SSR, UITLK of the NKVD of the Uzbek SSR)
Chapayevsky ITL (Chapayevskoe construction, Chapayevstroy, ITL Directorate of Restoration Works; subordinated to Chelyabmetallurgstroy)
Chaunsky ITL of Dalstroy
Chaun-Chukotsky ITL of Dalstroy
Cheboksarsky ITL (Cheboksarlag; became an independent LO as part of Tagilsky ITL in 1943)
Chelyabinsky ITL (Chelyablag; former ITL Chelyametallurgstroy)
Cherepovetsky ITL (Cherepovetslag)
Chernogorsky ITL (Chernogorlag)
Chernogorsky Special ITL
Chernoistochinsky ITL (Chernoistochlag)
Chukotsky ITL of Dalstroy (ITL Chukotstroy, Chukotstroylag, Chukotsky ITL USVITL, LO Chukotstroy)
Construction 6 and ITL (transferred to Nizhne-Amur ITL in 1953)
Construction 16 and ITL (renamed Kitoysky ITL in 1953)
Construction 18 and ITL (renamed Khakassky ITL in 1953)
Construction 90 and ITL (formerly ITL Spetsstroy; renamed Construction 560 and ITL in 1949)
Construction 105 and ITL (reorganized into Construction 106 and ITL in 1940)
Construction 106 and ITL
Construction 108 and ITL
Construction 159 and ITL (ITL Construction 159)
Construction 200 and Luzhsky ITL (Luzhlag)
Construction 201 and ITL (Nikolaevsky ITL)
Construction 210 and ITL
Construction 211 and ITL
Construction 213 and ITL (Nakhodka Bay)
Construction 247 and ITL (renamed Kuznetsky ITL in 1953)
Construction 258 and ITL (ITL and Construction 258)
Construction 263 and ITL (Sovgavan, ITL Construction 263)
Construction 304 and ITL
Construction 313 and ITL (renamed Bobrovskoe LO in 1953)
Construction 352 and ITL (Noginsky ITL, ITL and Construction 352)
Construction 384 and ITL (Glazovlag, Glazovsky ITL)
Construction 442 and ITL (renamed Gorodskoe LO in 1953)
Construction 447 and ITL
Construction 462 and ITL (renamed Azovsky ITL in 1953)
Construction 496 and ITL (renamed Construction 258 and ITL in 1949)
Construction 500
Construction 505 and ITL GULZhDS (renamed Selenginsky ITL in 1953)
Construction 505 and ITL GULPS (renamed Construction 585 and ITL in 1949)
Construction 506 and ITL
Construction 507 and ITL (became part of Nizhamurlag in 1953)
Construction 508 and ITL (renamed Ulminsky ITL in 1953)
Construction 509 and ITL (transferred to Belorechensky ITL in 1953)
Construction 510 and ITL
Construction 511 and ITL
Construction 513 and ITL
Construction 514 and ITL (renamed Krasnogorsky ITL in 1953)
Construction 514 and ITL GULZhDS
Construction 560 and ITL (transferred to Construction 565 and ITL in 1952)
Construction 565 and ITL (renamed Bakovsky ITL in 1953)
Construction 585 and ITL (renamed Belogorsk ITL in 1953)
Construction 600 and ITL (renamed Kamensky ITL in 1953)
Construction 601 and ITL (renamed Voroninosky ITL in 1953)
Construction 612 and ITL (renamed Podgorny ITL in 1953)
Construction 620 and ITL (renamed Podlesnoe LO in 1953)
Construction 621 and ITL (ITL at construction department for construction of mining department No. 10)
Construction 665 and ITL
Construction 713 and ITL (Noginsky ITL; renamed Construction 352 and ITL in 1949)
Construction 730 and ITL (Belozerskoye LO)
Construction 770 and ITL
Construction 790 and ITL (renamed Yermakovskoye LO in 1953)
Construction 791 and ITL
Construction 833 and ITL (renamed Construction 620 and ITL in 1949
Construction 855 and ITL
Construction 859 and ITL (renamed Construction 247 and ITL in 1949)
Construction 865 and ITL (renamed Construction 313 and ITL in 1949)
Construction 880 and ITL (renamed Construction 505 and ITL GULPS in 1949)
Construction 881 and ITL (renamed Construction 915 and ITL in 1949)
Construction 882 and ITL (renamed Construction 940 and ITL in 1949)
Construction 896 and ITL (renamed Construction 665 and ITL in 1949)
Construction 904 and ITL (renamed Construction 384 and ITL in 1949)
Construction 907 and ITL (renamed Construction 447 and ITL in 1949)
Construction 915 and ITL
Construction 940 and ITL
Construction 994 and ITL (renamed ITL and construction of mining and metallurgical enterprises in 1950)
Construction 1001 and ITL
Construction 1418 and ITL (renamed Construction 514 and ITL in 1949)
Construction-operating control No. 11 and ITL
Construction GUShOSDORA MVD No. 1 – No. 8 and ITL
Construction GUShOSDORA MVD No. 17 and ITL
Construction GUShOSDORA MVD No. 19 and ITL
Construction GUShOSDORA NKVD No. 1 – No. 4 and ITL

Continued from the Polish Dziennik Ustaw complete listing of NKVD camps with Poles.
Chistyungsky health camp (Chistyunlag, Chistyungsky invalid ITL); reorganized in LO UITLK UMVD for the Altai Region in 1951)

D
Dalniy Camp  Дальний лагерь (, )
Darasunskoe LO (Vershino-Darasunskoe LO)
Dmitrovsky ITL (Dmitlag; reorganized into its own Gulag district in 1938)
Donlag (Don)
Dorlag (Dorozhny ITL) of Dalstroy
Dubogorskoe LO
Dubravlag (MVD Special Camp No. 3; became a Soviet penitentiary in 1960 and a Russian prison in 2005)
Dzhezkagansky ITL (Dzhezkazganlag; reorganized into LO Karagandinskogo ITL in 1943)
Dzhidinsky ITL (Dzhidinlag, Dzhidlag)
Dzhugdzhursky ITL (Dzhugdzhurlag)

E
 Eastern Administration of Lead Mining and ITL of Yeniseistroy
 Eastern ITL in construction 500
 Eastern railway ITL (Vostoklag, Vostlag)
 Eastern Urals ITL (Vosturallag)

F
Far East ITL ()

G
Gagarinskoe LO (Gagarinsky ITL, Gagarlag)
Gdovsky ITL (Gdovlag)
Glazovsky LO (Glazovlag, LO at Construction 384)
Gorny Camp (MVD Special Camp No. 2, Gorlag; merged back into Norillag in 1954)
Gornaya Shoriya ITL
Gornoshersky ITL (Gornoshorlag)
Gorodskoe LO (Gorlag)
Guryevsky ITL (Gurlag)
Gusino-Ozersky ITL (Gusinoozerlag)

I
Ilimsky Special ITL
Indigirsky ITL of Dalstroy
Intinsky ITL (Intalag; reorganized into Minlag in 1948)
Inza- Syzran ITL
ITL Aldan road construction authority of Dalstroy
ITL and 10th field construction NKVD
ITL and Bashkirian Petroleum Plant (Bashspetneftestroy) construction No. 1 – No. 4 (PL)
ITL and Tatarstan Petroleum Plant (Tatspetsneftestroy) construction No. 1 & No. 2 (PL)
ITL and "V-1" construction
ITL and aerodrome construction
ITL and Arkhangelsk TsBK construction
ITL and Borovichevskoy GES construction
ITL and Buyskikh GES construction
ITL and construction of Aktovrakskogo industrial complex
ITL and construction of coal mine No. 4 of the Karaganda region
ITL and construction of Gulag in Dmitrov District
ITL and construction of Gulag in Khimki District (Khimkinsky ITL, Khimlag)
ITL and construction of industrial complex No. 7 (renamed Construction 907 and ITL in 1947)
ITL and construction of iron ore mine
ITL and construction of Kazan oil refining plant (Kazanneftestroy)
ITL and construction of Krasnoyarsk–Yeniseisk railway
ITL and construction of Mstinskikh GES
ITL and construction of NKV plant No. 8
ITL and construction of special district (Stroylag)
ITL and construction of Stalinist pumping stations
ITL and construction of state farms and silos (Atbasarsky ITL)
ITL and construction of southeast harbor (ITL construction of South harbor)
ITL and construction of special region
ITL and construction of Transcaucasian metallurgical plant (Zakmetallurgstroy, ZMS)
ITL and construction of upper Ob hydroelectric plant
ITL and construction of upper Samgorsky irrigation system, Tbilisi
ITL and construction of Vladimirskoy GES (PL)
ITL and construction of Volga-Don waterway (Volgodonstroy)
ITL "Apatit" industrial complex (merged into Belorechensky LO in 1953)
ITL "ASh"
ITL Berelekhskaya District Directorate geological exploration of Dalstroy
ITL Board of Dalstroy
ITL "BZh"
ITL Chelyametallurgstroy (Chelyabinsky ITL, Chelyablag)
ITL for construction of iron mines (Zhelezlag; renamed Polyansky ITL in 1953)
ITL for construction of mining and metallurgical enterprises (renamed ITL for construction of iron mines in 1951)
ITL for construction of Solikamsk TsBK
ITL for construction of Usolsky mining equipment plant (renamed Usolsky ITL SGU in 1949)
ITL Dalstroy Roads Board
ITL Dmitrov mechanical plant
ITL "DS" of Yeniseistroy (renamed Taezhny ITL in 1953)
ITL "DT"
ITL "DYu" (absorbed into ITL "GA" in 1953)
ITL "EL" (ITL for geological exploration expedition; renamed Ostrovskoe LO in 1953)
ITL "EM" (ITL and construction of coal mine; renamed Dubogorskoe LO in 1953)
ITL "EN" (ITL and oil exploration expedition; renamed Mostovskoe LO in 1953)
ITL "EO" (ITL and Mine Construction; renamed Gagarinskoe LO in 1953)
ITL "EShch"
ITL "GA"
ITL "GB" (absorbed into ITL "Eshch" in 1953)
ITL "IN"
ITL industrial complex No. 6
ITL industrial complex No. 9
ITL industrial complex No. 11
ITL "KA"
ITL Kolyma-Indigirka river shipping of Dalstroy
ITL Motor Transport Dalstroy
ITL "NL"
ITL No. 17 GUShOSDOR
ITL Oboronstroe
ITL Omskstroy (Omsky ITL, Omlag)
ITL "Promzhilstroy" of Dalstroy
ITL refining plant No. 169 (Affinazhstroy)
ITL special construction site No. 881
ITL Spetsstroy (renamed Construction 90 and ITL in 1947)
ITL of special construction
ITL Uglich plant, bridge construction No. 4 GUShOSDOR
ITL Usolgidroles
ITL "VCh"
ITL Volgostroya (Volzhsky ITL, Volgolag)
ITL Yanstroy of Dalstroy (PL) (Khandygsky ITL USVITLa, ITL "Yanstroy", Yanstroylag, LO Yanstroya)
ITL "Yeshch"
ITL "Yeya"
ITL "ZhK"
ITL "ZhR"
Ivdelsky ITL (Ivdellag)

Continued from the Polish Dziennik Ustaw complete listing of NKVD camps with Poles.

ITL and construction of Ore Mine (ITŁ i Budowa Kopalni Rudy)
ITL and coal mine construction (ITŁ i Budowa Kopalni Węgla)
ITL and the petroleum expedition (ITŁ i Ekspedycja Poszukująca Ropy Naftowej)
ITL at construction of Karagandastroy (ITŁ przy Budowie Karagandażyłstroju)
ITL at construction board of ore mine directorate No. 10 (ITŁ przy Zarządzie Budowy Dyrekcji Kopalń Rudy nr 10)
ITL Belomorstroy (ITŁ Biełomorstroju)
ITL Construction of Mining and Metallurgical Enterprises (ITŁ Budowy Przedsiębiorstw Górniczo-Metalurgicznych)
ITL Construction of Southern Harbor (ITŁ Budowy Przystani Południowej)
ITL Geological-Exploration Expedition (ITŁ Ekspedycji Geologiczno-Poszukiwawczej)
ITL Industrial and Housing Construction (ITŁ Budownictwa Przemysłowego i Mieszkaniowego)
ITL Iron Ore Mine Construction (ITŁ Budowy Kopalń Rudy Żelaza)
ITL Krasnoyarsk Affiliation Institute (ITŁ Krasnojarskiego Zakładu Afinacji)
ITL of Yansky Mining and Industry Directorate (ITŁ Jańskiego Zarządu Górniczo-Przemysłowego)
ITL of Directorate of Dalstroy Auxiliary Farms (ITŁ Zarządu Gospodarstw Pomocniczych Dalstroju)

K
Kalachevsky ITL (ITL and Construction of Volga-Don Shipping Canal, ITL and Construction of Volga-Don connecting canal)
Kaluzhsky ITL (ITL and construction of Moscow-Kiev highway, Kaluglag)
Kamensky ITL (1942–1944; Kamenlag, Novo-Kamensky ITL)
Kamensky ITL (1953–1954; Kamenlag)
Kamyshovy Camp (MVD Special Camp No. 10; Kamyshovlag, Kamyshlag)
Kandalakshinsky ITL (ITL and Construction of Kandalakshinsky aluminum plant, Kandalakshstroy; transferred to Karagandinsky ITL in 1948)
Karagandazhilstroy and ITL
Karagandinsky ITL (Karlag)
Karakumsky ITL (Karakumlag; ITL Sredazgidrostroy; ITL and construction of the Main Turkmen Canal)
Kargopolsky ITL, Yertsevo (КАРГОПОЛЬЛАГ)
Kaspiysky ITL (ITL at directorate of Construction No. 2 GUAS, NKVD Building No. 2, Kaspiylag)
Kazakhstansky ITL OGPU (Kazlag)
Keksgolmsky ITL (ITL Special construction of pulp and paper objects of the Karelian-Finnish SSR, ITL special construction on the Karelian isthmus, Keksgolmlag))
Kemerovozhilstroy and ITL
Kengir
Khabarovsky ITL
Khakassky ITL
Khakasskoe LO
Khimkinsky OLP
Kimpersaysky ITL (Kimpersaylag)
Kirovlag ITL
Kitoisky ITL (Kitoylag)
Kizelovsky ITL (Kizellag)
Klyuchevsky ITL (ITL and construction of the Klyuchev complex; Klyuchevlag)
Kochkarskoe LO (Kochkarlag)
Kokshinsky ITL
Kolsky ITL and special construction 33 (Kollag; Kolskogo ITL and UNKVD colonies for the Murmansk region; transferred to Construction 106 and ITL in 1941)
Koslansky ITL (Koslanlag)
Kosvinsky ITL (Kosvinlag, Kosvinstroy)
Kotlassky GULZhDS department
Kotlassky transit and trans shipment point GULAG
Kotlassky agricultural ITL (Kotlaslag)
Kotlassky agricultural LO
Kovrovsky ITL (ITL and Construction of the Nizhne-Klyazminskaya GES, ITL and Construction of Kovrovskaya GES; Kovrovges)
 ITL (Krasnogorlag)
Krasnoyarskoe construction and ITL of Yeniseistroy
Krasnoyarsky ITL (Kraslag)
Krasnoyarsk Office of Special Construction and ITL, mailbox 138
Kuloisky ITL (КУЛОЙЛАГ)
Kuneevsky ITL (ITL and construction of Kuibyshev GES)
Kungursky ITL
Kuryanovsky ITL
Kusinsky ITL (Kusinlag)
Kuzbassky ITL (Kuzbasszhilstroy, Kuzbasslag)
Kuznetsky ITL (Kuznetslag)

L
Likovsky ITL and construction 204 (Likovlag)
LO at Voroshilov plant
LO at "Sacca and Vanzetti" sovkhoz (Cherdaklag)
LO Central Hospital, Dalstroy
LO Lower Indigirka district exploration Dalstroy Directorate (LO Ozhogino)
Lobvinsky ITL (Lobvinlag, Lobvinstroy, ITL and construction of Lobvin hydrolysis plant)
Lokchimsky ITL (Lokchimlag)
Lower Amur ITL (Nizhamurlag, Nizhne-Amurlag, Nizhneamurlag)
Lower Don ITL (Nizhnedonlag, ITL and construction of irrigation and hydraulic structures)
Lower Volga ITL (merged with Saratovsky ITL and Volgozheldorstroy Administration in 1942 to form Privolzhsky ITL)
Lugovoy Camp (MVD Special Camp No. 9, Luglag)
Luzhsky ITL and construction 200 (Luzhlag, Construction 200 and ITL)
Lysogorskoe LO (Lysogorlag, LO at Construction 621)

M
Continued from the Polish Dziennik Ustaw complete listing of NKVD camps with Poles.
Magadansky ITL, Dalstroy (Maglag)
Mariysky ITL
Makarovskoe LO (Makarlag; transferred to Kuznetskogo ITL)
Markovsky ITL (ITL and construction of the Northern Water Pipeline station, Sevvodstroy)
Martynovsky ITL (ITL and construction of Volgodostroy irrigation facilities; merged with Tslimlyansky ITL to form Nizhne-Donskoy ITL in 1952)
Matkozhnenskoe construction and ITL (Matkozhlag)
Maykainskoe LO
Medvezhiegorsk health camp (Medvezhegorlag, Medvezhyegorsk ITL, Medvezhyegorsk invalid ITL)
Mekhrennsky ITL (Mekhrenlag)
Mineevskoe LO KhOZU MVD
Mineralny Camp (Minlag, Special Camp No. 1, became Mineralny ITL in 1954)
Minusinskoe LO SGU
Molotovsky ITL (ITL Molotovstroy, Molotovlag)
Monchegorsky ITL and construction of "Severonikel" plant (Monchegolag)
Moskovsko-Ugolny ITL (Mosugol)
Moskovsky Logging ITL (Mosleslag)
Mostovskoe LO (Mostovlag, Mostovsky ITL)

N
Niebitdaski ITŁ
Neftestroylag
Nemnyrsky ITL (ITL at the "Aldanlyuda" trust, Nemnyrlag)
Nerchinsky ITL (Nerchinlag)
Nerchinskoe LO (Nerchinskoe agricultural LO)
Nikolayevsky ITL
Nizhegorodsky ITL
Norilsky ITL (Norillag, Norilstroy; June 25, 1935 to August 22, 1956)
Northern OGPU special purpose camps (USEVLON, Sevlag, SEVLON)
North ITL Dalstroy (Sevlag, Northern ITL USVITLa)
North Directorate ITL and construction 503 (Северная Совет)
North Railway ITL (Sevzheldorlag; merged with Severo-Pechorsky ITL to form Pechorsky ITL in 1950)
Novokimensky ITL
Novo-Tambovsky ITL (Novotambovlag)
Nyrobsky ITL (Nyroblag)

O
Obsky ITL
Obsky ITL and construction 501 (Obskoe upr. GULZhDS, ITL at construction 501, Construction 501; part of camp liquidated and remainder became a portion of Pechorsk ITL in 1954)
Olkhovsky health camp (, Olkhovsky ITL, Olkhovsky invalid ITL)
OLP construction building No. 1 GULAG NKVD
Omsky ITL and construction 166 (Omlag)
Omsukchansky ITL Dalstroy (Omsukchanskoe LO, Omsukchansky ITL USVITL, Omsukchanlag)
Onezhsky ITL (Oneglag)
Opoksky ITL (ITL construction of the Opoksky hydroelectric complex, ITL and construction of the Opoksky hydroelectric complex, Opokstroy, Opoklag)
Orlovsky ITL, Orlovlag (ОРЛОВСКИЙ ИТЛ, Орловлаг)
Ostrovskoye LO (Ostrovsky ITL, Ostrovlag)
Ozerny/Ozyorny Camp (Ozerny ITL, Ozerlag, MVD special camp No. 7)

P
Paninskoe LO (Paninlag)
Pavlovdarsky ITL (Pavlodarlag)
Pavlovskoe LO
Pechorsky ITL (Pechorlag)
Perevalny ITL (Perevallag; transferred to Nizhne-Amursky ITL in 1945)
Peschany Camp (MVD Special Camp No. 8, Peschanlag, Peschany ITL)
Podgorny ITL (Podgorlag)
Podlesnoe LO (Podleslag)
Podolsky ITL (Podollag)
Polyansky ITL (Polyanlag)
Ponyshsky ITL (Ponyslag)
Prikaspisky ITL and construction 107 (Construction 107)
Primorsky ITL (Primorskoe LO, Primorlag; 1947–1953)
Primorsky ITL Dalstroy (Primorlag, Primlag, Primorskoe LO)
Primorsky railway ITL and construction 206 (Primorlag)
Primorsky district Dalstroy (Primorsky district of Sevvostlag)
Privolzhsky ITL (Privolzhlag)
Prorvinsky ITL (Prorvlag)
Przełęczowy ITŁ
Pudozhgorsky ITL (Pudozhstroy, ITL and construction of the Pudozhgorsk metallurgical complex)
Pudozhskoe LO

R
Raychikhinsky ITL (Raychikhlag)
Rechnoy Camp (MVD Special Camp No. 6, Rechlag)
Rudbaykalstroy and ITL (ITL Rudbakalstroy)
Rybinsky ITL (Rybinlag)

S
Continued from the Russian Карта ГУЛАГа – Мемориал listing of NKVD camps, and the Polish Dziennik Ustaw listing of camps.

Sakhalinsky ITL (САХАЛИНСКИЕ ИТЛ; Sakhalinlag, Sakhalinstroy)
Samarsky ITL and Kuibyshev hydrosystem construction (Samarsky ITL, Samarlag)
Saransky ITL and construction GULZhDS (Saransky ITL, Saranstroy, Sarantstroy)
Saratovsky ITL (Saratovlag, Saratovstroy, 1942; merged with Nizhne-Volzhsky ITL and Volgozheldorstroy Administration in 1942 to form Privolzhsky ITL)
Saratovsky ITL (ITL at Saratovstroy, Saratovlag; 1946–1956)
Sarovsky ITL
Sarovsky special quarantine camp OGPU
Segezhsky ITL (Segezhlag)
Selenginsky ITL (Selenginlag)
Severo-Dvinsky ITL (Sevdvinlag)
Severo-Kuzbassky ITL (Sevkuzbasslag)
Severo-Pechorsky (Sevpechlag, Pechora railway ITL, Pechora ITL, Pechorstroy, Pechorlag)
Severo-Vostochny ITL (Northeast ITL, Sevvostlag, Dalstroy ITL)
Severo-Uralsky ITL (Sevurallag)
Shakhtinsky ITL (Shakhtlag)
Shchugorsky ITL (Shchugorugol, Shchugorlag)
Sheksninsky ITL GULGTS
Sheksninsky ITL MVD (Sheksninlag; merged with Vytegorsky ITL into Volgo-Baltisky ITL in 1952)
Shirokovsky ITL (Shirokstroy, Shirok-Vilukhstroy, Shiroklag; became Kosvinsky ITL in 1949)
Shosdorlag (Ushosdorlag, Ushosstroylag)
Shozhemsky ITL
Sibirsky ITL (SIBULON, Siblag)
Solikamsky health camp (Solikamozdorlag, Solikamsky invalid ITL)
Solikamsky ITL
Solovetsky ITL OGPU (Solovetsky special purpose camps, Solovetsky special forced labor camp OGPU, SLON, SLAG, Solovetsky and Karelo-Murmansk camps, SKMITL)
Soroksky ITL (СОРОКЛАГ)
Sosnovsky ITL (Sosnovlag; formed out of LO 5 and 7 of Kuznetsky ITL in 1954 and rolled back into Kuznetsky ITL in 1956)
Southern ITL (Yuzhlag)
Southern ITL at construction 505 GULZhDS (Yuzhlag)
Southeast ITL
Southwest ITL Dalstroy (Yugo-Zapadnoe LO, Yuzlag, Yugo-Zapadnoe LO USVITLa)
Southwest Mining Authority and ITL Yeniseystroy Directorate
Sredne-Belsky ITL (Srednebellag)
Stalingradsky ITL (Stalingradlag; renamed Lower Volga ITL in 1942)
Staroselskoe LO (Starosellag)
Stepnoy Camp (Steplag, MVD Special Camp No. 4, Stepnoy ITL)
Stepnovskoe LO
Sukhodolskoye LO (Sukhodolsky ITL)
Sukhanovo
Svirsky ITL (Svirlag)
Sviyazhskoe LO (LO at the Sviyazh plant number 1 GULZhDS)
Svobodnensky ITL (Svobodlag)
Syzransky ITL (Inza-Syzransky ITL, Inzasyzranlag, Syzranlag)

T
Tagilsky ITL (Nizhnetagilsky ITL, Tagillag, Tagilstroy)
Taiga ITL (Taezhlag)
Taiga Mining Authority and ITL Yeniseystroy Directorate (ITL PO Box 55)
Takhtamygdinskoe LO
Tavdinsky ITL (Tavdinlag)
Tavseevsky ITL (ITL and construction of the Taseevsky mine)
Tayshetsky ITL GULAG
Tayshetsky ITL GULZhDS (Tayshetstroy)
Tayshetsky ITL UITLK UNKVD in Irkutsk region (Tayshetlag, Tayshetsky NKVD camp)
Temnikovsky ITL (Temlag; merged into Dubravlag in 1948)
Tenkinsky ITL Dalstroy (Tenlag, Tenkinsky ITL USVITLa)
Tikhvin ITL (Tikhvinlag)
Togulym
Tomsky ITL (ITL "A" OITK UMVD in the Tomsk region)
Tomsko-Asinsky ITL (Tomasinlag, Томско-Асинский ИТЛ), subcamp of  in Asino

Transit LO Dalstroy (Transit-transfer OLP)
Tsimlyansky ITL (Construction and ITL of the Tsimlyansk hydroelectric complex, ITL at the SU of the Tsimlyansk hydroelectric complex; merged with Martynovsky ITL into ITL and construction of irrigation and hydraulic structures in 1952)
Tugachinsky ITL (Tugachlag; absorbed into Krasnoyarsky ITL in 1953)
Tuimsky Mining Authority and ITL Yeniseystroy Directorate
Tuymazinsky ITL (Tuymazinlag)
Tyrnov-Auzsky plant and ITL

U
Ukhtinsko–Pechorsky ITL
Ukhta expedition OGPU
Ukhto–Izhemsky ITL
Ulenskoe Mining Authority and ITL
Ulminsky ITL (Ulminlag)
Umaltinsky ITL (Umaltlag, Umaltynskoe Mining Administration of the NKVD)
Unzhensky ITL (Unzhlag)
Upper Izhma ITL
Uralsky ITL
Urgalsky ITL and construction GULZhDS
Usolsky ITL
Usolsky ITL SGU
Ust-Borovsky ITL
Ust-Kutsky ITL and transshipment base Dalstoy
Ust-Kutskoe LO
Ust-Vymsky ITL
Ust-Vymsky ITL OGPU

V
 Vaninsky ITL of Dalstroy (Vaninlag, ITL and transshipment base in Vanino Bay, Vanino transit-forwarding camp of Dalstroy)
 Vaninsky transit camp (Vaninsky ITL)
 Varnavinsky ITL
 Vaygach expedition OGPU (Vaygachsky OLP)
 Verkne-Izhemsky ITL (Verkhizhemlag, Verkhneizhemlag)
 Verkne-Saldinsky ITL
 Vershina–Darasun ITL
 Vetluzhsky ITL (Vetlag)
 Vishersky ITL (Vislag, Viserlag)
 Vladivostoksky ITL (Directorate of Vladivostok ITL and colonies of Primorsky Krai, Vladlag)
 Vladivostok Transit Site of Dalstroy (:ru:Владперпункт ( Vladperpunkt, Владивосто́кский пересы́льный пу́нкт Дальстро́я), Vladivostok)
  ("Watershed Camp", MVD Special Camp No. 12)
 Volga ITL of hydrosystem construction (Volgolag, Volgostroy)
 Volga ITL MVD (Volgolag, Volgostroy)
 Volga railway ITL (Volgolag)
 Volga-Baltic ITL (see Volga–Baltic Waterway)
 Vorkutlag (Vorkuto-Pechora ITL, Vorkutpechlag, Vorkutinsky ITL, Vorkutstroy)
 Voroninsky ITL (Voroninlag, Voroninskoe LO), Tomsk Oblast
 Vyazemsky ITL (Vyazemlag, Directorate of construction and Vyazemlaga GUShOSDOR)
 Vytegorsky ITL (Vytegorstroy, Vytegorlag; merged with Shekshinsky ITL into Volgo-Baltysky ITL in 1952)
 Vytegorsky ITL NKVD (Vytegorstroy, Vytegorlag)
 Vyartsilsky ITL (Vyartsillag, Vyartsilsky ITL and metallurgical plant)
 Vyatsky ITL (Vyatlag)

Y
Yagrinsky ITL and construction 203 (Yagrinlag)
Yansky Construction ITL, Yanstroylag, Исправи́тельно-трудово́й ла́герь Янстро́я Дальстро́я (Янсстройла́г)
Yansky ITL of Dalstroy (Yanlag, ITL of the Yansky mining department, Yansky ITL USVITLa, Yanskoe LO, Исправительно-трудовой лагерь Янского горнопромышленного управления, Янское лагерное отделение)
Yansky Mining Directorate and ITL of Dalstroy
Yeniseysky ITL SGU (Yeniseylag)
Yeniseysky ITL (Directorate of Yenisei labor camp and colonies, Yeniseylag)
Yeniseysky ITL and construction 503 (Yeniseyzheldorlag)
Yenskoe construction and ITL (Yenlag, ЕНСКОЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО И ИТЛ; Енлаг)
Yermakovskoye LO (Ермаковское, Krasnoyarsk Krai; Yermakovlag)
Yugorsky ITL and construction 300 (Khanty–Mansia; Yugorlag, Construction 300)
South Kuzbass ITL (Yuzhkuzbasslag)

Z
Continued from the Polish complete listing of NKVD camps with Poles.
Zaimandrovsky ITL (Zaimandrovskoe construction and ITL, Zaimandrovlag)
Zapadny ITL (Zaplag, Zapadnoe GPU and ITL, Zapadny ITL USVITLa)
Zapadny railway ITL (Western Railway ITL)
Zapolyarny ITL and construction 301 (Zapolyarlag, Polyarny ITL)
Zapolyarny ITL and construction 503 (Zapolyarlag, Construction 503)
Zhigalovskoe LO

References

External links
Interactive map of Gulag. The Memorial Society, Russia.
List of Gulag camps. The Memorial Society, Russia.

List of Gulag camps


36 Capricorni (36 Cap / b Capricorni / HD 204381) es una estrella en la constelación de Capricornio.
De magnitud aparente +4,50, se encuentra a 171 años luz del sistema solar.
No tiene nombre propio, pero en la astronomía china era conocida como Jin (晉) o Tsin —antiguo estado feudal de China—, título también utilizado para designar a θ Capricorni.

36 Capricorni es una gigante naranja de tipo espectral K0III con una temperatura efectiva de 5100 K.
Es semejante a otras conocidas gigantes del cielo nocturno tales como Pólux (β Geminorum), Menkent (θ Sagittarii) o Nash (γ2 Sagittarii).
Su luminosidad es 51 veces superior a la del Sol y gira sobre sí misma con una velocidad de rotación proyectada de 5,74 km/s.
Con una masa 2,5 veces mayor que la masa solar, su edad estimada se cifra en 600 millones de años.

36 Capricorni tiene una metalicidad prácticamente igual a la del Sol ([M/H] = -0,01).
Las abundancias relativas de diversos elementos como hierro, calcio, silicio, titanio, níquel y vanadio son también muy similares.
Sólo el nivel de aluminio es algo más bajo que el solar.

Referencias

Gigantes naranjas
Constelación de Capricornio

36 Capricorni


An Poa umbrosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Bernhard von Trinius. An Poa umbrosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Poa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Poa

Poa umbrosa


An Polystachya pseudodisa in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Friedrich Fritz Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin. An Polystachya pseudodisa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Polystachya, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Polystachya

Polystachya pseudodisa


22254 Vladbarmin este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
22254 Vladbarmin este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul de Astrofizică din Crimeea de Nikolai Cernîh. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,34 ua, o excentricitate de 0,26 și o înclinație de 3,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 22001-23000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1978
Centura de asteroizi

22254 Vladbarmin


Vimmersvej er en dansk kortfilm fra 2003 instrueret af Morten Boesdal Halvorsen efter eget manuskript.

Handling
En film om en familie der ikke er specielt gode til at hygge.

Medvirkende

 Sofie Stougaard, Mor
 Uffe Rørbæk Madsen, Far
 Mads Koudal, Topper
 Dorthe Helsinghoff, Britt
 Karl Julius Sørensen, Max

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2003

Vimmersvej (film)


Sineu, Batı Akdeniz'de, İspanya'nın doğu sahiline yakın, İspanya'nın özerk bölgesi olan Balear Takımadaları'na ait bir belediye. Mayorka Adası'nda olup nüfusu; 2,843'dür. (2002)

Dış bağlantılar
 Sineu Fotoğrafları
 Belediye resmi sitesi

Sineu


La American Negro Academy (ANA) fue una organización que apoyó las becas para afroamericanos. Fue organizada en Washington D. C., en 1897. Fue la primera organización en los Estados Unidos dedicada a eruditos afroamericanos, y existió desde 1897 hasta 1928.

Entre los fundadores de la organización estuvieron Alexander Crummell, John Wesley Cromwell, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Walter B. Hayson y Kelly Miller. Entre os presidentes de la academia estuvieron W. E. B. Du Bois y Archibald H. Grimké.

La organización fue creada para proporcionar una alternativa al enfoque de la educación y becas de Booker T. Washington. La máquina Tuskegee de Washington, basada en el compromiso de Atlanta, hizo hincapié en la formación profesional e industrial y desalentó la de las artes liberales. La ANA fue apoyada por los afroamericanos que se oponían a la segregación y a la discriminación inherente en el compromiso de Atlanta, y que luchaban por los derechos civiles.

Véase también
 El Décimo Talentoso

Notas

Referencias
 American Negro Academy Occasional Papers, Issues 1-22, Ayer Publishing, 1970
Moss, Alfred A., The American Negro Academy: voice of the talented tenth, Louisiana State University Press, 1981, ISBN  9780807106990
Moses, Wilson Jeremiah, Alexander Crummell: a study of civilization and discontent,  Oxford University Press, 1989, pp 365-366: reproduces the organization's bylaws.
Peress, Maurice, Dvořák to Duke Ellington: a conductor explores America's music and its African American Roots, Oxford University Press, 2004, pp 54-65.
Smith, Jessie Carney, and Wynn, Linda T., Freedom facts and firsts: 400 years of the African American civil rights experience, Visible Ink Press, 2009

Cultura afroamericana

Negro Academy


Rodolfo Oliveira Nogueira (Dourados, 24 de novembro de 1973) é um político brasileiro, filiado ao Partido Liberal (PL), eleito para o cargo de Deputado Federal por Mato Grosso do Sul.

Biografia
Rodolfo começou a carreira política, candidatando ao Senado Federal em 2018 como segundo suplente da então candidata: Soraya Thronicke (PSL), onde acabou por ser eleito, e assumindo a presidencia estadual do PSL no local.

Se filiou em 2022, ao PL, onde se tornou presidente estadual da sigla e se candidatou à deputado federal, aonde acabou sendo eleito com 41.773 votos.

Referências

Membros do Partido Social Liberal
Membros do União Brasil
Membros do Partido Liberal (2006)
Naturais de Dourados
Nascidos em 1973

Rodolfo Oliveira Nogueira


Baron Rossmore, of Monaghan in the County of Monaghan, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1796 for the soldier Robert Cuninghame, with remainder to his wife Elizabeth's nephews Henry Alexander Jones (the son of Theophilus Jones and Anne Murray, eldest sister of Elizabeth; Henry Alexander Jones died childless before his uncle Lord Rossmore) and Warner William Westenra, son of Henry Westenra and Harriet Murray, youngest sister of Elizabeth. Cuninghame was a General in the Army and served as Commander-in-Chief of Ireland. From January to August 1801 he also sat in the House of Lords as an Irish Representative Peer.

Lord Rossmore died childless (his death gave rise to the legend of the Rossmore banshee) and was succeeded according to the special remainder by his nephew Warner William Westenra, the second Baron. He represented Monaghan in the British House of Commons and also served as Lord Lieutenant of Monaghan from 1831 to 1842. In 1838 he was created Baron Rossmore, of the County of Monaghan, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. This gave the barons an automatic seat in the House of Lords. His eldest son, Henry Robert Westenra, the third Baron, represented Monaghan in Parliament as a Whig and was Lord Lieutenant of Monaghan from 1843 to 1852. Henry's younger son, the fifth Baron (who succeeded his elder unmarried brother), was Lord Lieutenant of Monaghan from 1897 to 1921.  the titles are held by the latter's great-grandson, the eighth Baron, who succeeded his father in that year.

The Westenra family is of Dutch descent. Warner Westenra (died 1676) immigrated to Dublin and became an Irish subject. The seat of the Barons Rossmore was Rossmore Castle, County Monaghan. Warner Westenra, grandfather of the second Baron, represented Maryborough in the Irish Parliament. Henry Westenra, father of the second Baron, represented County Monaghan in the Irish Parliament. The Honourable John Westenra, third son of the second Baron, was Member of Parliament for King's County.

The family seat was Rossmore Park, near Monaghan, County Monaghan, in Ireland.

Baron Rossmore (1796, 1838)

Robert Cuninghame, 1st Baron Rossmore (1726–1801)
Warner William Westenra, 2nd Baron Rossmore (1765–1842)
Henry Robert Westenra, 3rd Baron Rossmore (1792–1860)
Henry Cairnes Westenra, 4th Baron Rossmore (1851–1874)
Derrick Warner William Westenra, 5th Baron Rossmore (1853–1921)
William Westenra, 6th Baron Rossmore (1892–1958)
William Warner Westenra, 7th Baron Rossmore (1931–2021)
  Benedict William Westenra, 8th Baron Rossmore (b. 1983)

There is currently no heir to the title.

References

Baronies in the Peerage of Ireland
Peerages created with special remainders
Noble titles created in 1796
1796 establishments in Ireland
Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1838
Noble titles created for UK MPs

Baron Rossmore


Urosticte es un género de colibrí en la familia Trochilidae, que se limita a los bosques húmedos que crecen en las laderas andinas en el noroeste de América del Sur.

Descripción
Su nombre común, punta blanca, se refiere a las puntas blancas visibles en las rectrices centrales de los varones. Como las rectrices centrales son más cortas que el exterior, aparece como una gran mancha blanca en la parte central superior de la cola. Las hembras tienen color verde con manchas blancas al inferior, carecen de puntas blancas en las rectrices centrales, pero tienen anchura para las rectrices externas (blanco en las esquinas de la cola).

Taxonomía
En este género, el taxón intermedio ha sido considerado una especie distinta o alternativamente, un intermedio entre la U. Benjamini y la U. ruficrissa, lo que conduce a ser consideradas conespecíficas. En la actualidad, la intermedia se considera una variante y sinonimia menor de ruficrissa, dando lugar a dos especies monotípicas a ser reconocidas:

Especies

 Urosticte benjamini (colibrí puntablanca occidental).
 Urosticte ruficrissa (colibrí puntablanca oriental).

Referencias
 Split Urosticte ruficrissa from U. benjamini (and not recognize U. "intermedia") - South American Check-list Committee.

Trochilidae
Géneros de aves

Urosticte


باوزر  ، أيضاً يعرف كالـملك كوپا (King Koopa)، هو شخصية خيالية في سلسلة ألعاب فيديو «سوبر ماريو» من إنتاج نينتندو، وهو يعتبر الخصم الرئيسي في تلك السلسلة. في اليابان يعرف باوزر ببساطة كـكوپا (بالإنجليزية: Koopa ؛ باليابانية: クッパ ، كوهْپا).

باوزر هو عدو ماريو اللدود. هو قائد جنس من الوحوش تشبه السلاحف تدعى بالكوپا تروپا، وباوزر هو أقوى بني جنسه. على الرغم من أنه يعتبر خصم بسبب طموحه لخطف الأميرة بيتش وقهر «مملكة الفطر»، باوزر قد تحالف مع ماريو في بعض الألعاب. حتى في الألعاب حيث تعاون باوزر مع ماريو لمواجهة عدو مشترك ومماثل، غالباً ما يكون متعجرفاً ومغروراً، وغالباً ما ينضم لأسباب أنانية (مثل أن يحصل على قلعته من الغزاة أو استرجاع صوت الأميرة بيتش المسروق ليتمكن من خطف الأميرة من جديد).

التأليف والفكرة
نينتندو ألفوا باوزر لأول مرة في سنة 1985.

الميزات
نار وشوك ونادرا البرق وتحويل الاشياء والسحر والتحكم بالعقل يمكنه التلاعب بالواقع والزمان والمكان وتدمير الاكوان باستخدام حجر الحلم  والقلوب النقية والعصا النجمية

يمكنه التلاعب بالمفاهيم والتلاعب بالقدر لن يؤثر فيه أبدا

يمكنه السفر عبر الزمن باتسخدام الألات أو بالسحر

مصادر

تنانين في ألعاب الفيديو
خاطفون خياليون
زعماء (شخصيات ألعاب فيديو)
سلاحف خيالية
شخصيات ابتكرها شيغيرو مياموتو
شخصيات أفلام خيالية
شخصيات ألعاب فيديو ذات قوة خارقة
شخصيات ألعاب فيديو ذكور
شخصيات ألعاب فيديو ظهرت في سنة 1985
شخصيات ألعاب فيديو في الأفلام
شخصيات ألعاب فيديو في التلفاز
شخصيات ألعاب فيديو في القصص المصورة
شخصيات تجسيمية في ألعاب الفيديو
شخصيات حيوانات في ألعاب فيديو
شخصيات خيالية بإمكانها تغيير الحجم
شخصيات خيالية تستخدم السحر
شخصيات سرية في ألعاب الفيديو
شخصيات ماريو
قادة دكتاتوريون خياليون
قادة عسكريون خياليون
مجرمون خياليون ألعاب فيديو
نينتندو

باوزر (شخصية خيالية)


Milan Škriniar (Žiar nad Hronom, 11. veljače 1995.) slovački je nogometaš koji igra na poziciji centralnog beka. Trenutačno igra za Paris Saint-Germain.

Klupska karijera

Žilina
Tijekom svoje omladinske karijere igrao je za Žiar nad Hronom i Žilinu. Za potonji klub debitirao je 27. ožujka 2012. u utakmici Slovačke Superlige protiv kluba ViOn Zlaté Moravce. Istom je klubu zabio svoj prvi gol u dresu Žiline i to 23. studenog kada je Žilina pobijedila 4:1.

Zlaté Moravce
U ožujku 2013. posuđen je do kraja sezone klubu protiv kojega je debitirao i zabio svoj prvi gol.

Sampdoria
Dana 29. siječnja 2016. Sampdoria je objavila kako je Škriniar potpisao ugovor na četiri i pol godine s njom. Za novi klub debitirao je krajem travnja protiv Lazija.

Inter Milan
Dana 7. srpnja 2017. Škriniar je potpisao petogodišnji ugovor s Inter Milanom. Za Škriniara Inter je platio Sampdoriji oko 20 milijuna eura te joj besplatno dao Gianlucu Caprarija. Tada je to bio najskuplji transfer nekog slovačkog nogometaša u povijesti.

Za Inter je debitirao u ligaškoj utakmici protiv Fiorentine koju je Inter dobio 3:0. Svoj prvi ligaški gol za Inter postiže 16. rujna u utakmici protiv Crotonea koja je završila 2:0.

U UEFA Ligi prvaka debitirao je 18. rujna 2018. protiv Tottenham Hotspura koji je izgubio susret 2:1. Dana 2. studenog 2019. u ligaškoj utakmici protiv Bologne koju je Inter pobijedio 2:1, Škriniar je upisao svoj 100. nastup za klub u svim natjecanjima. U svim tim utakmicama nalazio se u početnom sastavu. Svoj prvi gol u UEFA Ligi prvaka postigao je 3. studenog 2021. kada je Sheriff Tiraspol poražen 1:3.

Paris Saint-Germain
Škriniar je 6. srpnja 2023. potpisao petogodišnji ugovor s Paris Saint-Germainom.

Reprezentativna karijera
Tijekom svoje omladinske reprezentativne karijere nastupao je za selekcije Slovačke do 17, 18, 19 i 21 godine. Za A selekciju Slovačke debitirao je protiv Gruzije 27. svibnja 2016. Svoj prvi reprezentativni gol postigao je protiv Malte 27. ožujka 2021. u utakmici koja je završila 2:2. Postao je kapetanom slovačke reprezentacije nakon što se Marek Hamšík umirovio 2022.

Pogodci za reprezentaciju
Zadnji put ažurirano 11. travnja 2021.

Priznanja

Individualna
Nagrada Peter Dubovský: 2016.
 Član momčadi natjecanja UEFA Europskog prvenstva do 21 godine: 2017.
 Slovački nogometaš godine: 2019., 2020., 2021., 2022.

Klupska
Žilina
 Corgoň liga: 2011./12.
 Slovački nogometni kup: 2011./12.

Inter Milan
Serie A: 2020./21.
Coppa Italia: 2021./22., 2022./23.
Supercoppa Italiana: 2021., 2022.
 UEFA Europska liga (finalist): 2019./20.
UEFA Liga prvaka (finalist): 2022./23.

Reprezentativna
 King's Cup: 2018.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Profil, Inter Milan
 Profil, Soccerway
 Profil, Transfermarkt

Slovački nogometaši
Nogometaši Sampdorije
Nogometaši Inter Milana
Nogometaši Paris Saint-Germaina
Aktivni nogometaši

Milan Škriniar


An Hohenbergia hatschbachii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Elton Martinez Carvalho Leme. An Hohenbergia hatschbachii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hohenbergia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Hohenbergia

Hohenbergia hatschbachii


Batalha de Rei (651) — entre um exército aliado Ispabudã-muçulmano e um exército sassânida-mirrânida
 Batalha de Rei (811) — forças do califa Alamim contra forças do califa Almamune

Batalha de Rei


Anthony Minghella,  (6 January 195418 March 2008) was a British film director, playwright and screenwriter. He was chairman of the board of Governors at the British Film Institute between 2003 and 2007. He directed Truly, Madly, Deeply (1991), The English Patient (1996), The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), and Cold Mountain (2003), and produced Iris (2001), The Quiet American (2002), Michael Clayton (2007), and The Reader (2008).

He received the Academy Award for Best Director for The English Patient (1996). In addition, he received three more Academy Award nominations; he was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay for both The English Patient and The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), and was posthumously nominated for Best Picture for The Reader (2008), as a producer.

Early life and education
Minghella was born in Ryde, on the Isle of Wight, an island off the south coast of England that is a popular holiday resort. His family are well known on the island, where they ran a café in Ryde until the 1980s and have run an eponymous business making and selling Italian-style ice cream since the 1950s. His parents were Edoardo Minghella (an Italian immigrant) and Leeds-born Gloria Alberta (née Arcari). His mother's ancestors originally came from Valvori, a small village in southern Lazio, Italy. He was one of five children, his sisters Gioia Minghella-Giddens, Edana Minghella and Loretta Minghella, and a brother Dominic Minghella who would also become a screenwriter and producer.

Minghella attended St. Mary's Catholic Primary School, Ryde, Sandown Grammar School, and St John's College, Portsmouth. Early interests suggested a possible career as a musician, with Minghella playing keyboards with local bands Earthlight and Dancer. The latter recorded an album titled Tales of the Riverbank in 1972, although it was not released until 2001.

He attended the University of Hull, studying drama. As an undergraduate he had arrived at university with an EMI contract for the band, in which he sang and played keyboards; while at university he wrote words and music for an adaptation of Gabriel Josipovici's Mobius the Stripper (1975) .

Minghella graduated after three years and stayed on to pursue a PhD. He also taught at the university for several years, on Samuel Beckett and on the medieval theatre. Ultimately, he abandoned his pursuit of a PhD to work for the BBC.

Career
Minghella's debut work was a stage adaptation of Gabriel Josipovici's Mobius the Stripper (1975) and it was his Whale Music (1985) that brought him notice. His double bill of Samuel Beckett's Play and Happy Days was his directorial debut and debut feature film as a director was A Little Like Drowning (1978). During the 1980s, he worked in television, starting as a runner on Magpie before moving into script editing the children's drama series Grange Hill for the BBC and later writing The StoryTeller series for Jim Henson. He wrote several episodes of the ITV detective drama Inspector Morse and an episode of long-running ITV drama Boon. Made in Bangkok (1986) found mainstream success in the West End.

Radio success followed with a Giles Cooper Award for the radio drama Cigarettes and Chocolate first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 1988. It was revived on 3 May 2008 as a tribute to its author director following his death. His production starred Juliet Stevenson, Bill Nighy and Jenny Howe. His first radio play Hang Up, starring Anton Lesser and Juliet Stevenson, was revived on 10 May 2008 as part of the BBC Radio 4 Minghella season.

Truly, Madly, Deeply (1990), a feature drama written and directed for the BBC's Screen Two anthology strand, bypassed TV broadcast and instead had a cinema release. He turned down an offer to direct another Inspector Morse to do the project, even though he believed that the Morse episode would have been a much higher-profile ll assignment. The English Patient (1996) brought him two Academy Awards nominations, Best Director (which he won) and Adapted Screenplay. He also received an Adapted Screenplay nomination for The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999).

The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency, a pilot episode television adaptation which he co-wrote and directed, was broadcast posthumously on BBC One (23 March 2008); watched by 6.3 million viewers. He vocally supported I Know I'm Not Alone, a film of musician Michael Franti's peacemaking excursions into Iraq, Palestine and Israel. He directed a party election broadcast for the Labour Party in 2005. The short film depicted Tony Blair and Gordon Brown working together and was criticised for being insincere: "The Anthony Minghella party political broadcast last year was full of body language fibs", said Peter Collett, a psychologist at the University of Oxford. "When you are talking to me, I'll give you my full attention only if I think you are very high status or if I love you. On that party political broadcast, they are staring at each other like lovers. It is completely false."

With Samuel Beckett's 100th birthday celebrations, he returned to radio on BBC Radio 3 with Eyes Down Looking (2006), with: Jude Law, Juliet Stevenson and David Threlfall. An operatic directorial debut came with Puccini's Madama Butterfly. Premiered at the English National Opera (London, 2005), then at the Lithuanian National Opera and Ballet Theatre (Vilnius, March 2006) and at the Metropolitan Opera (New York City, September 2006). The latter was transmitted live into cinemas worldwide (7 March 2009) as part of the Met's HD series and is now available on DVD. The ENO work was to have led to other operatic projects, directing again at English National Opera and collaborating with Osvaldo Golijov on a new opera for the Met and ENO, writing the libretto and directing the production.

He was honoured with the naming of The Anthony Minghella Theatre at the Quay Arts Centre (Isle of Wight). He made an appearance in the 2007 film Atonement as a television host interviewing the novelist central to the story.

His last work was the screenplay of the film adaptation of the Tony Award-winning musical Nine (1982); Arthur Kopit (book) and Maury Yeston (score). It is based on the film 8½. He shared credit with Michael Tolkin on the screenplay.

The department of Film, Theatre & Television at the University of Reading, opened in 2012, was named in his honour.

Personal life and death
Minghella met his first wife, Yvonne Miller, when they were students. They had one daughter, Hannah, who is currently the Head of Motion Pictures at J. J. Abrams' Bad Robot.  Minghella and Miller eventually divorced and in 1985 Minghella married Hong Kong–born choreographer and dancer Carolyn Jane Choa.  They had one son, Max, an actor, screenwriter and director. Max is best known for his role as Nick Blaine in the Hulu drama series The Handmaid's Tale.

Minghella's younger brother, Dominic Minghella, is the creator of the popular British television series Robin Hood and Doc Martin, and a scriptwriter. His sister, Loretta Minghella, is First Church Estates Commissioner at the Church Commissioners, having previously been Director of Christian Aid. His sister Edana participated in a jazz event on the Isle of Wight, and his nephew Dante is one of the participants in Channel 4's Child Genius series.

Minghella was a fan of Portsmouth F.C., and appeared in the Channel 4 documentary, Hallowed Be Thy Game. His home had two double bedrooms dedicated to the display of Portsmouth memorabilia dating back to the club's founding in 1898.

Minghella died of a haemorrhage on 18 March 2008 in Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith, following an operation the previous week to remove cancer of the tonsils and neck.

Memorial plaques
A memorial plaque to Minghella was unveiled on 2 March 2016 by Jude Law, at Western Gardens, Ryde, Isle of Wight.
He is commemorated with a green plaque on The Avenues, Kingston upon Hull.  The 2009 film Nine is dedicated in his memory.

Filmography

Film

Television

Acting roles

Theatre
Selected plays
 Whale Music (New End Theatre, Hampstead, June 1981); revived for radio, BBC Radio 4, 10 May 2008
 Two Planks and a Passion (Greenwich Theatre, November 1984)
 A Little Like Drowning (Hampstead Theatre, July 1984)
 Made in Bangkok (West End debut as a playwright, Aldwych Theatre. 18 March 1986, director Michael Blakemore)
 Hang Up (radio play for BBC Radio 4,1987)
 Cigarettes and Chocolate (60-minute radio play for BBC Radio 4, 1988)
 Eyes Down Looking (Beckett 100th Birthday tribute, radio play for BBC Radio 3, 1 April 2006)

Accolades

References
Theatre Record and its indexes for play production dates and awards

External links

Media Masterclass with Anthony Minghella on Directing Film
Anthony Minghella: A Life in Pictures, BAFTA webcast, 2 December 2006
Anthony Minghella interview with stv, November 2006
"About Anthony", Minghella Film Festival, Isle of Wight
Anthony Minghella, a brother to all he met by Dominic Minghella, 24 March 2008
An Appreciation of Anthony Minghella by Charlie Rose, 24 March 2008
Anthony Minghella, my teacher, my friend, by Harvey Weinstein, The Times, 10 April 2008
Anthony Minghella remembered by Jude Law, The Observer, Sunday 14 December 2008
Minghella musical discovered, BBC Humberside.
Obituaries:
BBC, 18 March 2008
The Guardian, 18 March 2008
Variety, 18 March 2008
The Guardian, 19 March 2008
The Daily Telegraph, 19 March 2008
The Times, 19 March 2008
The Independent, 19 March 2008
The New York Times, 19 March 2008
Los Angeles Times, 19 March 2008
The Washington Post, 19 March 2008
Tributes:
Minghella Movie Marathon, BBC, updated 25 March 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Minghella Movie Marathon, at British Film Institute. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
More stars join Minghella marathon, iwcp.co.uk, 4 March 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Anthony Minghella's family celebrates his memory with film festival, Syma Tariq, The Guardian, 12 March 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2009.

1954 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from bleeding
English film directors
English male screenwriters
English television writers
British opera directors
Best Adapted Screenplay BAFTA Award winners
Best Directing Academy Award winners
Best Director Golden Globe winners
Best Original Screenplay BAFTA Award winners
Filmmakers who won the Best Film BAFTA Award
Laurence Olivier Award winners
Alumni of the University of Hull
English people of Italian descent
People from Ryde
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
German-language film directors
Italian British film directors
Patrons of schools
Deaths from oral cancer
Deaths from cancer in England
People educated at St John's College, Portsmouth
Directors Guild of America Award winners
English-language film directors
British male television writers
20th-century English screenwriters

Anthony Minghella


Charles Arthur Crompton (Cork, 1848 - Pendjab, 1932) est un joueur de rugby anglais. Il est l'un des premiers joueurs internationaux anglais de rugby, ayant participé comme avant au tout premier match international de l'histoire opposant l'Angleterre à l'Écosse le .

Sa naissance irlandaise fait de lui le premier joueur né en Irlande à participer à un match international de rugby. Engagé avec les Royal Engineers, il est aussi, avec le lieutenant Charles Sherrard, le premier membre des Forces armées britanniques à représenter son équipe nationale.

Biographie

Jeunesse et formation
Charles Arthur Crompton naît le  à Cork, au sud de l'Irlande.

À l'âge de 13 ans, il est pensionnaire à Congleton, en Angleterre du Nord-Ouest, puis déménage dans la région de Londres après avoir quitté l'école. Il fait son service militaire en  et obtient une place à la  de Chatham (Brompton Barracks).

Carrière sportive
Dans une époque où le sport est en pleine ébullition dans les écoles anglaises, avec l'apparition de nombreux codes du football, dont le rugby, qui évolue de façon incontrôlée dans chaque club qui le pratique, Crompton évolue au poste de  (avant) au Blackheath FC , l'un des principaux clubs d'Angleterre.

Ses bonnes performances sont remarquées et il est sélectionné pour représenter l'Angleterre lors du tout premier match international de rugby de l'histoire contre l'Écosse, ayant lieu le  à Édimbourg. L'Écosse l'emporte  en inscrivant  et  contre  non transformé pour l'Angleterre (seules les transformations rapportaient des points à l'époque). Crompton devient ainsi le premier Irlandais à jouer en équipe d'Angleterre et de façon plus globale, à un match international.

Il représente par ailleurs son club du Blackheath FC aux côtés d'illustres joueurs : Benjamin Burns, qui est le premier capitaine de club anglais à accepter le défi lancé par les Écossais à l'origine de l'organisation de ce match ; Frederick Stokes, le premier capitaine de l'équipe d'Angleterre de l'histoire ; et Charles Sherrard, qui devient, avec Crompton, le premier membre des Forces armées britanniques à représenter son équipe nationale.

Crompton n'est pas sélectionné pour le match retour de 1872, à l'instar de la majorité des joueurs du premier match. Cependant, son absence s'explique peut-être davantage par les exigences de sa profession que par ses capacités.

Carrière militaire et mort
Le lieutenant Charles Arthur Crompton, des Royal Engineers, entre en service en . Alors qu'il est en service dans les , à , en Uttarakhand, il meurt le , à , une station de montagne située dans le Pendjab (actuellement au nord du Pakistan) d'un abcès du foie. Sa tombe se trouve à Peshawar (Pakistan) et son mémorial indique .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance à Cork
Naissance en octobre 1848
Décès en Uttarakhand
Décès en juillet 1875
Décès à 26 ans
Joueur international anglais de rugby à XV
Joueur du Blackheath RC
Officier de l'armée de terre britannique
Ingénieur militaire britannique

Charles Arthur Crompton


Aeroportul Constantin cel Mare (   Aeroportul Niš - Konstantin Veliki / Aerodromul Niš - Konstantin Veliki, IATA : INI, ICAO : LYNI ) este aeroportul civil în Serbia. Situat în satul Medoševac, la 4 km de centrul orașului Niš.

În 2012, acesta a servit 27.426 pasageri. Capacitate - 3 aeronave pe oră. Este un aeroport de rezervă pentru Priștina, Belgrad, Podgorița, Tivat, Sofia, Skopje și Ohrid.

Istorie
Aeroportul din Niș a apărut în 1910, apoi a fost amplasat lângă satul Trupale. În anii 30', Aeroput, compania aeriană a Regatului Iugoslaviei, a folosit aerodromul pentru nevoile sale. După cel de-al doilea război mondial, o bază militară a fost pusă în locul ei. În locul actualului aeroport din 1952, a fost construită o bandă de beton cu o lungime de 1.500 de metri. În 1972, a fost extins la 2.200 de metri. În 1986, s-a înființat compania ''Aerodrom Niș'', care deține în continuare aeroportul. Deschiderea oficială a avut loc la 12 octombrie 1986. Prima aterizare a fost făcută de Boeing 737.

În timpul bombardării Iugoslaviei în 1999 prin lovirea a 57 de rachete, 11% din suprafața benzii a fost distrusă. După aceea, aeroportul nu funcționa de mai mulți ani. În 2003, Ministerul Afacerilor Externe al Norvegiei a finanțat reconstrucția aerodromului, după care a fost deschisă pe 12 octombrie 2003, primind numele în cinstea lui Constantin cel Mare . Reconstrucția a costat 4 milioane de euro, lucrările au continuat din martie 2003 până în decembrie 2004. Au fost utilizate 2130 m³ de beton și 58.400 tone de asfalt. După reconstrucție, aeroportul este capabil să servească de la 90 la 120 de mii de pasageri pe an.

Linii aeriene și destinații

Pasageri

Marfă

Zboruri regulate
Lista companiilor de pasageri care folosesc aeroportul Constantin cel Mare:

Servicii
Din 2000, aeroportul deține autobuze care transferă pasagerii spre Niš. Serviciile de taxi și de închiriere de mașini sunt situate la clădirea aeroportului.

Centrul de urgență
Din august 2012, în cadrul cooperării dintre Ministerul de Urgențe al Rusiei și Ministerul de Urgențe al Serbiei, rutele Il-76, Mi-26 și Ka-32 au fost amplasate la aerodrom.

Note

Aeroporturi din Serbia

Aeroportul Constantin cel Mare din Niș


Sydhavets glemte folk er en dokumentarfilm fra 1963 instrueret af Jens Bjerre.

Handling
Filmen viser hvordan Jens Bjerre møder den hidtil ukendte Kutubu stamme i Papuas bjerge i den sydøstlige del af Ny Guniea.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1963

Sydhavets glemte folk


Andrea Mazza, né le  à Parme et mort dans cette même ville le , est un religieux, philosophe et antiquaire italien.

Biographie
Andrea Mazza nait à Parme en 1724. Après avoir achevé ses études à Reggio, il entre, à dix-sept ans, dans la Congrégation Bénédictine du Mont-Cassin, et est envoyé par ses supérieurs à Rome pour y suivre des cours de philosophie et de théologie. Revenu à Parme, il est chargé de l'enseignement de ses jeunes confrères. Nommé conservateur de la bibliothèque de son couvent, il la met en ordre, l'augmente d'un grand nombre d'ouvrages et en dresse le catalogue. Dans ses loisirs, il étudie l'histoire et les antiquités. D'après l'invitation du marquis Guillaume Du Tillot, ministre de Parme, il s'occupe de préparer une nouvelle édition des Mémoires de Vittorio Siri ; mais lorsque l'ouvrage allait être mis sous presse, le ministre croit devoir en arrêter la publication par égard pour le maréchal de Richelieu, qui pouvait ne pas voir avec plaisir la reproduction d'un livre dans lequel son grand-oncle, le cardinal, n'est pas ménagé. Du Tillot dédommage le P. Mazza de la perte d'un travail qui lui a coûté quatre années (1759-62). Peu de temps après, il est envoyé, par le ministre, à Milan, pour traiter au nom du duc de Parme de l'acquisition de la bibliothèque du comte Carlo Pertusati. Il venait de conclure le marché à des conditions très avantageuses, lorsque l'impératrice Marie-Thérèse défend que ces livres sortent de Milan, et les achète pour en faire présent au gouverneur de la Lombardie. Furieux d'avoir perdu cette occasion d'enrichir la bibliothèque royale de Parme, Paolo Maria Paciaudi s'emporte contre le P. Mazza, et lui voue dès lors une haine implacable. Cependant le marquis Du Tillot ne cesse de lui donner des preuves de sa bienveillance. Il le nomme l'un des conservateurs de la bibliothèque royale, et le charge de rendre compte, dans la Gazette littéraire, qui s'imprime alors à Paris, des meilleurs ouvrages publiés en Italie. Après la disgrâce du marquis Du Tillot le P. Mazza remplace Paciaudi comme bibliothécaire en chef. Nommé en 1780 abbé du monastère de Saint-Jean, à Parme, le P. Mazza s'occupe de faire refleurir les études, et meurt le 13 septembre 1797. Il est membre de plusieurs académies, et compte parmi ses amis Girolamo Tiraboschi, auquel il fournit beaucoup de notes pour la Storia della Ietteratura italiana, mais sans lui permettre de le nommer.

Œuvres

 Historiæ ecclesiasticæ selecta capita, Parme, 1780 ;
 une Lettre aux auteurs de la Gazette littéraire, en réponse à celle que Deleyre avait publiée sur le caractère des Italiens, avril, 1763 ; une sur l'Histoire de Parme, de Bonaventura Angeli, publiée par Ireneo Affò dans le tome 4 des Scrittori Parmigiani ; deux Sur les véritables motifs de l'exil d'Ovide, dans le Giornale di Modena, 1788-1789.

Il a laissé en manuscrit des Mémoires sur le poète Basinio Basini ; une Notice sur le P. Benedetto Bacchini, dont Affò a profité pour rédiger son article dans les Scrittori Parmigiani ; de nombreuses additions pour la Biblioteca italiana de Nicola Francesco Haym ; des observations sur le Cours d'études de Condillac, sur le Voyage en Italie de Lalande, sur la Description des tableaux du Corrége, par Carlo Giuseppe Ratti ; et aussi deux corrections importantes de l'inscription relative à Trajan, publiée par Muratori. L'Éloge du P. Mazza, par Antonio Cerati, se trouve dans ses Opuscules, t. 2 , p. 105 ; un autre par le P. Pompilio Pozzetti, a été publié à Carpi.

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Historien italien
Naissance en novembre 1724
Décès en septembre 1797
Décès à 72 ans

Andrea Mazza


Retiküler fibriller, çeşitli doku ve organları destekleyen bir çeşit iskelet görevindeki fibrillerdir.

Oldukça ince ağlar oluşturarak, yağ hücrelerinin, düz kas hücrelerinin, çizgili kas sarkolemmasının ve sinirlerin etrafını sararlar. Bezlerin stromasında yer alıp, bazal lamina ile yakın ilişkilidirler. Kan ve lenf hücrelerini oluşturan organların (timus hariç) destek dokusunu oluştururlar. Embriyonik mezenşimde farklılaşan ilk fibrillerdir, erginde yerlerini kollajen fibrillere bırakırlar. Fibroblastlar, kas hücreleri, Schwann hücreleri, hepatositler ve retiküler hücreler tarafından sentezlenirler. Özellikle gümüşlü boyalarla boyadıklarından gümüşü seven anlamında arjirofil fibriller olarak da adlandırılırlar.

Ayrıca bakınız

 Kollajen fibriller
 Elastik fibriller
 Retiküler fibriller

Dış bağlantılar

 Histoloji luc.edu

Bağ doku

Retiküler Fibril


An Aechmea pubescens in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni John Gilbert Baker. An Aechmea pubescens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aechmea, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Aechmea

Aechmea pubescens


Livenii lui Enescu este un film românesc din 1958 regizat de Ion Bostan. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii George Enescu.

Prezentare

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1958 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1958

Livenii lui Enescu


Filme sovietice din: 1969 — 1970 — 1971

Aceasta este o listă de filme produse în Uniunea Sovietică în 1970.

Referințe și note

Legături externe
 Filme sovietice din 1970 la Internet Movie Database

1970
Sovietică, Uniunea
Filme

Listă de filme sovietice din 1970


Krunica Božjeg milosrđa je rimokatolička molitva, koja se temelji na vizijama poljske redovnice sv. Faustine Kowalske (1905. – 1938., proglašena svetom 2000.)

Molitva služi za smirivanje Božjeg gnjeva i traženje milosti. Vizija se dogodila u Vilniusu 1935. godine. Devetnica je odgovor na Isusov poziv koji je uputio sv. Faustini Kowalskoj, a koji je ona zapisala u svome Dnevniku, da kroz devet dana moli krunicu Božjega milosrđa, počevši od Velikoga petka, s obećanjem da će u toj devetnici darivati dušama velike milosti (usp. Dn 796).

Prema sestri Faustini, kako je zabilježila u svom Dnevniku, svi oni koji mole ovu Krunicu dobit će veliku milost u trenutku smrti: "Tko god je bude molio doživjet će u svom smrtnom času Moje veliko Milosrđe." U njezinoj je viziji Isus Krist rekao: "Pred onim koji moli ovu Krunicu blizu smrti, neću stajati kao sudac, već kao milosrdni Spasitelj." Prema njezinim riječima, Isus joj je nadalje obećao: "Ovom molitvom sve možeš izmoliti kad se to za što moliš, slaže s Mojom voljom."

Krunica se moli tako da se prvo načini znak križa (U ime Oca i Sina i Duha Svetoga), izmoli Oče naš, Zdravo Marijo i Apostolsko vjerovanje. Nadalje, desetica se ponavlja pet puta, a sastoji se od molitve "Vječni Oče, prikazujem Ti Tijelo i Krv, Dušu i Božanstvo Preljubljenoga Sina Tvojega, Gospodina našega Isusa Krista, kao zadovoljštinu za grijehe naše i cijeloga svijeta." (latinski: "Pater aeterne, activro tibi Corpus et Sanguine, animam i divinitatem dilectissimi Filii Tui, Domini nostri, Iesu Christi, in propitiatione pro peccatis nostris et totius mundi") i deset puta ponovljene rečenice: "Po Njegovoj pregorkoj Muci, Budi milosrdan nama i cijelome svijetu." (latinski: "Pro dolorosa Eius pass, miserere nobis et totius mundi."). Krunica zatim završava grčkom molitvom trisagion, koja se sastoji od tri ponavljanja: "Sveti Bože, Sveti Jaki Bože, Sveti Besmrtni Bože, smiluj se nama i cijelome svijetu." (latinski: "Sanctus Deus, Sanctus Fortis, Sanctus Immortalis, miserere nobis et totius mundi.") Zaključna molitva glasi: "O Krvi i Vodo što potekoste iz Srca Isusova kao izvor milosrđa za nas, uzdam se u tebe! Marijo, Majko milosrđa, moli za nas! Isuse, uzdam se u tebe! (3x) Smiluj se nama i cijelomu svijetu, Gospodine". Na kraju dođu zazivi Božjem milosrđu.

Molitvu je formalno odobrio papa Ivan Pavao II. 2001. i brzo je stekla veliku popularnost među katoličkim vjernicima. Navedeni tekst molitava odobrila je i Hrvatska biskupska konferencija na izvanrednom zasjedanju 27. siječnja 2014. (Imprimatur, HBK, 29. siječnja 2014.; br. 79/2014.) prema prijedlogu Koordinacije zajednica, pokreta i udruga štovatelja Božjega milosrđa.

Dio je Devetnice Božjeg milosrđa, koja se naročito moli prije Svetkovine Božjega milosrđa, koja je na Bijelu nedjelju nakon Uskrsa. Obično se moli u 15h, koji je sat milosrđa.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Krunica
Božje milosrđe

Krunica Božjeg milosrđa


Vatansever Kuvvetler Güçler Birliği Hareketi, bir dernek. Türkiye genelinde 2 ile 3 bin dernek üyesi olduğu sanılmaktadır.

Danıştay Saldırısı'nda adı geçen Alparslan Arslan'ın arabasından dernek başkanının kartviziti çıkması nedeniyle ülke gündeminde yer buldu.

23 Mayıs 2006 günü İçişleri Bakanlığı Müfettişleri dernek genel başkanı Taner Ünal hakkında suç duyurusunda bulundu.

8 Temmuz 2007 günü Vatansever Kuvvetler Güç Birliği Hareketi'ne yönelik "Girdap Operasyonu" kapsamında adliyeye sevk edilen 3 kişi daha tutuklandı. Aynı operasyonda Taner Ünal dahil 11 kişi daha önceden tutuklanmıştı. Çete üyeleri halen; gasp, yağma, ihaleye fesat, zimmet, dolandırıcılık, tarihi eser kaçakçılığı suçlarından yargılanıyor.Tutuksuz yargılanan Taner Ünal, Ergenekon davası kararlarına göre 8 yıl 9 ay hapis cezası almıştır.

Dış bağlantılar
 NTVMSNBC'nin en son güncel haberi
 Hürriyet Gazetesi haberi
 İçişleri'nin Suç Duyurusu bilgisi
 Radikal Gazetesi haberi
 Haberler

Ergenekon davası
Türkiye merkezli dernekler
2005'te Türkiye'de kurulan oluşumlar


An Oberonia kaernbachiana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Friedrich Fritz Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin. An Oberonia kaernbachiana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Oberonia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Oberonia

Oberonia kaernbachiana


The Acclaimed é uma dupla de wrestling profissional americana, formada por Max Caster e Anthony Bowens, que aparece na promoção americana All Elite Wrestling (AEW). Na AEW eles conquistaram por uma vez o AEW World Tag Team Championship. Eles também são frequentemente acompanhados pelo "Daddy Ass" Billy Gunn que serve como gerente da dupla.

História

Formação e várias rivalidades (2020-2022)
Caster e Bowens foram inicialmente apresentados individualmente na programação da AEW em 2020. Caster apareceu pela primeira vez no AEW Dark como um lutador solo, com Bowens sendo trazido um mês depois. A ideia de juntar os dois como uma dupla foi concebida por Tony Khan, que também os nomeou como The Acclaimed. A luta de estreia como equipe foi contra os Best Friends; de acordo com Bowens, Khan ofereceu-lhes contratos de tempo integral imediatamente após a luta, em um contrato de 5 anos. No especial Holiday Bash, o Acclaimed desafiou os Young Bucks pelo AEW World Tag Team Championship, mas não tiveram sucesso. Bowens expressou que inicialmente a reação dos fãs ao time foi mais negativa do que o esperado, o que o levou a declarar ironicamente que "todo mundo ama o Acclaimed" durante suas promos.

A The Acclaimed competiu em uma Battle Royal para determinar os desafiantes número 1 pelos AEW World Tag Team Championship em 3 de fevereiro de 2021, mas foram derrotados por Chris Jericho e MJF do The Inner Circle. Em 22 de abril de 2021, eles competiram novamente em uma lutas para determinar os desafiantes número um, desta vez uma luta four-way, onde foram derrotados pela SCU.

No episódio do Dark de 3 de agosto de 2021, ao fazer sua entrada, Caster fez rap sobre assuntos como os problemas de saúde mental da ginasta olímpica Simone Biles, o caso do lacrosse Duke, a validade do teste PCR COVID-19 e fez uma piada sexual sobre Julia Hart. Caster foi suspenso por dois meses sem remuneração pelo incidente, efetivamente colocando a equipe em um hiato. O proprietário da AEW, Tony Khan , chamou o rap de "terrível", disse que deveria ter sido editado fora do programa e anunciou que ele pessoalmente assumiria a edição do programa daqui para frente. Ele voltou à ação no Dark: Elevation em 1º de setembro. Depois que Caster voltou da suspensão, o Acclaimed desafiou os campeões Lucha Brothers pelos títulos no episódio de 10 de junho de 2021 do Rampage, mas não obtiveram sucesso.

A partir de 2022, a Acclaimed se aliaria ao Gunn Club, Billy Gunn e seus filhos Austin e Colton. No Dark e Dark: Elevation, eles derrotariam a Dark Order e mais tarde a equipe de Lee Johnson, Brock Anderson, Lee Moriarty, e Matt Sydal. Embora ostensivamente aliados, os Acclaimed regularmente menosprezavam Austin e Colton, com Billy Gunn mostrando favor desigual em relação a Caster e Bowens. A Acclaimed competiu em uma battle royal de duplas para determinar os desafiantes aos títulos em 3 de março de 2022, embora tenham perdido para o sYoung Bucks. Mais tarde, eles desafiaram o Jurassic Express pelos títulos, mas não tiveram sucesso. Em maio de 2022, Bowens foi submetido a uma cirurgia no joelho, deixando-o de fora por vários meses. Durante esse tempo, Bowens ainda compareceu aos shows da AEW e realizou suas promos regulares, embora não lutasse e estivesse confinado a uma cadeira de rodas; Caster posteriormente se uniria cada vez mais aos Gunns. Bowens retornou aos ringue na edição Blood and Guts do Dynamite.

Sua aliança com os Gunns se desfez e se transformou em uma rivalidade em meados de 2022, levando a uma "Dumpster Match" em agosto de 2022, vencida pelos Acclaimed. Enquanto Billy Gunn foi inicialmente pego entre os dois grupos, ele seria atacado por seus filhos que se juntaram à The Firm , levando-o a se tornar o gerente dos Acclaimed.

Campeões Mundiais de Duplas da AEW (2022-presente)
Na segunda metade de 2022, a Acclaimed entraria em uma rivalidade com os campeões duplas Swerve in our Glory (Swerve Strickland e Keith Lee). No All Out daquele ano, a Acclaimed os desafiou pelos títulos, embora Strickland e Lee tenham retido os títulos. A The Acclaimed novamente desafiou-os pelos títulos no episódio de 21 de setembro do Dynamite, vencendo a luta e o AEW World Tag Team Championship pela primeira vez. Nos meses seguintes, a equipe defenderia com sucesso os títulos contra Private Party e The Butcher and The Blade em uma luta triple threat, os Varsity Athletes (Tony Nese e Josh Woods), e uma revanche contra Swerve in Our Glory no Full Gear em novembro.

No início de 2023, a Acclaimed retomou sua rivalidade com Austin e Colton Gunn. No episódio de 8 de fevereiro de 2023 do Dynamite, os Gunns venceram com sucesso o Aclamado pelos títulos, encerrando seu reinado em 140 dias.

Títulos e prêmios

 All Elite Wrestling
 AEW World Tag Team Championship (1 vez)
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 A PWI colocou Caster na 171ª posição dos 500 melhores lutadores na PWI 500 em 2022
 A PWI colocou Bowens na 304ª posição dos 500 melhores lutadores na PWI 500 em 2021
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 Maior evolução (2022)

Referências

Ligações externas
Perfil da Acclaimedno Cagematch.net

Membros da AEW

The Acclaimed


Oedaleosia este un gen de insecte lepidoptere din familia Arctiidae.

Cladograma conform Catalogue of Life:

Referințe

Oedaleosia

Oedaleosia


Die Koss Corporation ist ein amerikanisches Unternehmen mit Hauptsitz in Milwaukee (Wisconsin). Das Hauptgeschäftsfeld des Unternehmens ist die Entwicklung und Produktion von Kopfhörern, welche unter dem Markennamen KOSS vertrieben werden. Das Unternehmen ist an der NASDAQ gelistet.

Geschichte des Unternehmens
Das Unternehmen wurde 1953 von John C. Koss (1930–2021) als Verleih von Fernsehgeräten gegründet. Fünf Jahre später entwickelte er zusammen mit seinem Partner Martin Lange den ersten Stereokopfhörer der Welt, den SP/3. Das Modell K 2+2 wurde 1971 vorgestellt. Dabei handelt es sich um den ersten Kopfhörer mit Quadrophonie. Zum Kult-Objekt entwickelte sich das Modell Porta Pro, welches 1984 erstmals präsentiert wurde und seitdem fast unverändert gebaut wird. 1991 übernahm Michael J. Koss, der Sohn des Gründers, die Geschäftsführung.

Weblinks
 Unternehmens-Website (englisch)
 Inakustik – Website des deutschen Importeurs

Einzelnachweise

Produzierendes Unternehmen (Milwaukee)
Audiotechnikhersteller
Markenname

KOSS Corporation


Danilo Astori (1940-), un homme d'État uruguayen ;
 Davide Astori (1987-2018), un footballeur international italien ;
 Giovanni Antonio Astori (1672-1743), un érudit italien.

Astori


Banton peut faire référence à :

Toponyme
 Banton, localité de la province de Romblon, aux Philippines ;
 , localité du North Lanarkshire en Écosse.

Patronyme

 Buju Banton (1973-), chanteur et musicien jamaïcain ;
 Dalano Banton (1999-), joueur canadien de basket-ball ;
 Hugh Banton (1949-), organiste et facteur d'orgue anglais ;
  (1961-), chanteur de reggae anglais ;
 Shanice Banton (1992-), actrice canadienne ;
 Travis Banton (1894-1958), costumier de cinéma américain.

Banton (homonymie)


Richard António Carapaz Montenegro (født 29. maj 1993 i El Carmelo, Carchi) er en ecuadoriansk cykelrytter som cykler for .

Movistar-chefen Eusebio Unzué hentede ham til Europa og rekrutteringsholdet Lizarte i 2016.

På ottende etape af Giro d'Italia 2018 tog han Ecuadors første etapesejr i en Grand Tour. Han endte på fjerdepladsen samlet.

Et år senere stillede han til start i Giro d'Italia 2019, og blev nævnt som en af udfordrerne til favoritterne. Han vandt 4. etape, og efter at have vundet den 14. etape overtog han førertrøjen som han beholdt løbet ud.

Meritter

2018
 2. etape + samlet, Vuelta a Asturias
 8. etape, Giro d'Italia
2019
 2. etape + samlet, Vuelta a Asturias
 Giro d'Italia
  Samlet
 4. etape
 14. etape

Grand Tour-resultater

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Mandlige cykelryttere fra Ecuador
Giro d'Italia-vindere
Cykelryttere ved sommer-OL 2020
Olympiske mestre fra Ecuador
Medaljevindere ved sommer-OL 2020
Olympiske medaljevindere i cykling

Richard Carapaz


Cristiano da Silva (født 12. januar 1987) er en brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Cristiano da Silva


Zahara (* 9. November 1987 in Phumlani bei East London, Südafrika; bürgerlicher Name Bulelwa Mkutukana) ist eine südafrikanische Singer-Songwriterin.

Sie singt in isiXhosa, ihrer Muttersprache, und auf Englisch. Die akustische Gitarre ist ihr Instrument. Die Stilrichtung wird als "Afro-Soul" bezeichnet.

Von ihrem Debütalbum Loliwe (2011) verkaufte sie innerhalb von drei Wochen über 100.000 Exemplare. Sie wurde in Südafrika mehrfach ausgezeichnet.

Diskografie
 Loliwe (2011)
 Phendula (2013)
 Country Girl (2015)
 Mgodi (2017)

Auszeichnungen
 2011: "Lied des Jahres" und "Bestes weibliches Album" für Loliwe bei den Metro FM Music Awards
 2012: Acht South African Music Awards für Loliwe
 2012: Kora All African Music Award in der Kategorie Beste Künstlerin aus dem südlichen Afrika
 2014: Best Female Southern Africa bei den AFRIMMA

Weblinks
 "Loliwe" bei YouTube

Einzelnachweise

Singer-Songwriter
Musiker (Südafrika)
100 Women (BBC)
Geboren 1987
Frau
Südafrikaner

Zahara (Musikerin)


Tradicijska drvena kuća u mjestu Omamno, općina Bedenica, na adresi Omamno 32 sagrađena je krajem 19. stoljeća. Prizemnica pravokutnog tlocrta građena hrastovim planjkama međusobno spajanim na preklop. Natkrivena je dvostrešnim krovištem s crijepom. Unutarnja organizacija je tipična trodijelna. Na ulazu je jednostavna nadstrešnica, a sačuvana je izvorna stolarija. Unutar okućnice ograđene drvenom ogradom smještena je velika gospodarska zgrada zidana opekom, manji drveni pomoćni objekt te bunar. Kuća s okućnicom pripada dobro očuvanim primjerima tradicijskog graditeljstva zelinskog područja.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-4248 zaveden je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene stambene građevine u Zagrebačkoj županiji
Zgrade u Hrvatskoj
Bedenica

Tradicijska kuća u Omamnu (Omamno 31)


සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධනය

හැදින්වීම

දිළිඳුකම පිටුදැකීම සඳහා සංවර්ධන ආකෘතිය තුළ පැවති  දුර්වලතා අවම කර ගැනීෙම් අරමුණ සහිත ජනතා සහභාගිත්වය සහ පුරෝගාමිත්වය සහිත වැඩ සටහන් ක්‍රියාත්මන කිරීම සඳහා 1970 දශකයෙන් පසු ආරම්භ වූ විකල්ප සංවර්ධන ප්‍රවේශය සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධනය වේ.මෙම සංවර්ධන ප්‍රවේශය නූතන සංවර්ධන වැඩසටහන්වල ප්‍රධාන දර්ශනය බවට පත්ව තිබේ.සාම්ප්‍රදායික සංවර්ධන ක්‍රමෝපායන් මඟින් ප්‍රජා සංවර්ධනය සඳහා වූ සේවය අවම වීම හේතුවෙන් දිළිඳුකම පිටු දැකීම සඳහා ප්‍රමුඛ සංවර්ධන ප්‍රවේශයක් ලෙස සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධනය සංවර්ධනය වෙමින් පවතින රටවල භාවිතා වේ.Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)

දිළිඳුකම යනු කුමක් ද?
දිළිඳුකම

සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධන ප්‍ර‍වේශයේ පසුබිම

දශක ගණනාවක් තුළ තුන්වන ලොව රටවල ක්‍රියාත්මක වූ  සාම්ප්‍රදායික සංවර්ධන උපාය මාර්ග මඟින් ඇති වූ ග්‍රාමීය සංවර්ධනය බලාපොරොත්තු වූ ඉලක්ක සපුරා ගෙන නොමැත.සාම්ප්‍රදායික සංවර්ධන ක්‍රමවේදයේ දී රජය විසින් සැලසුම් සකස් කිරීම, ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම සහ ඇගයීම් සිදු කළ අතර ඉලක්ක ජනතාව සහභාගි වූයේ ප්‍රතිලාභීන් ලෙස පමණි.මෙම සංවර්ධන ක්‍රමවේදය ඌණ සංවර්ධිත රටවල දිළිඳුකම අවම කර ගැනීම සඳහා දායක නොවී ය.

මේ අතරතුර 1970 දශකයේ දී ලෝක ආර්ථිකය විශ්වකරණය (Globalization) වීමේ ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලෙස බොහෝ රටවල් එම ආර්ථික ක්‍රියාවලියට ගැළපෙන පරිදි තම රටවල රාජ්‍ය තන්ත්‍රයේ ව්‍යූහගත වෙනස්කම් (Structural Adjustments) සිදු කරන ලදි.මෙම ව්‍යූහගත වෙනස්කම්වල ප්‍රතිඵල වූයේ රජයේ සුබසාධන වියදම් කපා හැරීම, පෞද්ගලිකරණය යනාදී ක්‍රියාවලීන් ය.  සුබසාධන වියදම් කපා හැරීම තුළින් දිළිඳුභාවය උග්‍ර  විය.එබැවින් මෙම අභියෝගය ජය ගැනීම සඳහා දිළිඳු පිරිස උදෙසා විශේෂ වැඩසටහන් ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීමේ අවශ්‍යතාවය මතු විය. සීමිත සම්පත් වලින් වැඩි පිරිසකට ප්‍රතිලාභ සැලසීමට හැකිවන පරිදි විකල්ප සංවර්ධන ක්‍රමවේදයන් සොයා බැලීමට සංවර්ධනවේදීන් උත්සුක විය.මෙහි ප්‍රතිඵලයක්ලෙස 1970 දශකයේ සිට තුන්වන ලොව රටවල් සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධන ක්‍රමවේදය අනුගමනය කිරීමට පෙළඹුණි.

සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධනය අර්ථ දැක්වීම

සහභාගිත්ව පර්යේෂකයින් විසින් සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධනය අර්ථ දක්වා ඇත්තේ පහත පරිදි ය.

පොන්න විග්නරාජා (Ponna  Wignaraja):-
"සංවර්ධන සැලසුම් සකස් කිරීමේ දී ප්‍රතිලාභීන්ගේ උපරිම සහභාගිත්වය සලසන්නා වූත් සංවර්ධන ක්‍රියාවලියේ දී කේන්ද්‍රස්ථානයක් ලෙස ගම සලකන්නා වූත් අරමුණු කණ්ඩායම්වල සවිබලකරණය හා ප්‍රාදේශිය මට්ටමේ සම්පත් හා තාක්ෂණය භාවිතය යන උපාය මාර්ගස මත පදනම් වූ සංවර්ධන ක්‍රියාවලිය සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධනය වේ".

බෙන්ජමින් ඩගොදින් (Benjemin Dagodin):-
"කිසියම් ව්‍යාපෘතියක් සැලසුම් කිරීම, කළමනාකරණය කිරීම යන අවස්ථාවල දී වගකීම සහ කාර්යයන් අර්ථවත් පරිදි බෙදා ගැනීම සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධනය වේ".

විල්ෆ්‍රඩ් කරුණාරත්න (Wilfred Karunarathne):-
"විවිධ බලවේගයන් විසින් කාලයක් තිස්සේ යටපත් කරනු ලැබ තිබූ බෙලහීන ජනතාවගේ සැඟවුණ නිර්මාණාත්මක කුසලතාවයන් සාමූහික ප්‍රයත්නයන් මඟින් ඉස්මතු කර ගනිමින් ඔවුන්ට වාසිදායක වන අයුරින් පවත්නා තත්වයේ වෙනසක් ඇති කරමින් ඔවුන්ගේ ම කතෘත්වයෙන් බිහි වන සංවර්ධන ක්‍රියාවලිය සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධනය වේ".

සංවර්ධන ක්‍රියාවලියේ දී සැලසුම් කිරීම පිළිබඳ ව තීරණ ගැනීමේ අවධියේ සිට ඇගයීමේ අවධිය දක්වා වූ සියලු ම කාර්යයන්ට සංවර්ධනයේ ප්‍රතිලාභීන්ගේ ක්‍රියාකාරී සහභාගිත්වය මෙන්ම සංවර්ධනයට දායක වන්නා වූ රජය, බාහිර ආයතන සහ ආධාරක ආයතන වැනි ආයතන වලින් සංවර්ධන ක්‍රියාවලියට අවශ්‍ය වු සහාය සැපයීම සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධනය ලෙස සරල ව හැඳින්විය හැකි ය.

සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධනයේ මූලික ලක්ෂණ

සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධන ක්‍රමවේදය සහ ධනේෂ්වර සංවර්ධන ක්‍රමවේදය අතර මූලික වෙනස්කම් කීපයකි.

1. සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධන ක්‍රියාවලියේ මූලික ඉලක්කය වන්නේ දිළිඳු ජනතාවගේ මූලික අවශ්‍යතා සපුරා ලීම යි.ඒ අනූව වැඩසටහන් හඳුනා ගැනීම,සැලසුම් කිරීම, ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම සහ ප්‍රතිලාභ භුක්ති විදීමත් ඇගයීමත් මෙම ජන කොටස් විසින් සිදු කෙරේ.ධනේෂ්වර සංවර්ධන ආදර්ශයේ කේන්ද්‍රීය අවශ්‍යතාවය වන්නේ ලාභය යි. ඒ සඳහා ආර්ථිකය මෙහෙය වනු ලබන අතර මිනිස් ශ්‍රමය වෙනුවට ලාභදායී තාක්ෂණික ක්‍රම පිළිබඳ විශේෂ අවධානයක් යොමු කරයි.

2. පහළ සිට ඉහළට විහිද යන සන්නිවේදන රටාවකට සහ නියෝග මාලාවක් අනූව වැඩසටහන් ක්‍රියාවට නඟනු ලබයි. (Up-Bottom planning)මෙහි දී  අඩු ආදායම්ලාභී ජන කොටස්වල සක්‍රීය සහභාගිත්වය මූලික ක්‍රියාමාර්ගයක් ලෙස සලකයි.ඒ අනූව අදාළ වැඩසටහන් ආරම්භයේ සි‍ට අවසානය දක්වා වූ සෑම අදියරකදී ම මෙම සහභාගිත්වය අපේක්ෂා කරයි.

3.  සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධන ක්‍රමවේදය තුළ ප්‍රතිලාභීන්ගේ නිර්මාණාත්මක හැකියාවන්, ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රීය ක්‍රියාවලීන්,දේශීය සම්පත් සහ තාක්ෂණය උප‍යෝගී කර ගනී. මෙහි දී අපේක්ෂා කරනුයේ දිළිඳු ජනතාව සවිබල ගැන්වීම යි. ධනේෂ්වර සංවර්ධන ආදර්ශය අනූව ප්‍රතිලාභීන් සහ ප්‍රතිලාභය අතර මානුෂික බැඳීමක් දක්නට නැත. ප්‍රතිලාභීන් ප්‍රතිලාභ ලබන්නන් පමණක් බවට පත් වේ.

සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධනයේ අරමුණු
දිළිඳු ප්‍රජාව සවිබල ගැන්වීම සඳහා වූ විකල්ප සංවර්ධන ප්‍රවේශය සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධන ක්‍රමවේදය වේ.මෙම ක්‍රමවේදය තුළින් බලාපොරොත්තු වන අරමුණු පහත පරිදි දක්විය හැකිය.

සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධනය සඳහා පදනම් මූලධර්ම

ජනතා මූලික භාවය

සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධන ක්‍රියාවලිය තුළ දී ග්‍රාමීය ජනතාව ඉලක්ක නොව සංවර්ධනයේ විෂය ක්ෂේත්‍රය වේ.මෙහි මුල් අදියර වන්නේ දිළිඳු ජනතාව විසින් ඔවුන් වටා ඇති සමාජ යථාර්ථය තේරුම් ගැනීම පිණිස කරනු ලබන විමර්ශනය යි. දිළිඳුකම ඇති වීමට හේතු,ඔවුන් දිළිඳුකමේ ම රඳවා තැබීමට හේතු වන කරුණු සහ ඒ සඳහා තුඩු දුන් සමස්ත ක්‍රියාවලිය තේරුම් ගැනීමත් ඔවුන්ට වාසි දායක වන අයුරින් වෙනස් කිරීම‍ට හේතු වන ආකාරයේ සංවර්ධන වැඩසටහන් ආරම්භ කළ යුතු වේ.

විමද්‍යගතකරණය

සංවර්ධන වැඩසටහන් සැලසුම් කරණයේ සිට අවසන් කිරීම දක්වා ක්‍රියාවලිය තුළ සිදුවන සහභාගිත්වය ප්‍රමාණාත්මකව සහ ගුණාත්මකව වැඩි දියුණු කිරීමට විමද්‍යගතකරණ ආයතන ඍජු ව සම්බන්ධ වේ.සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධනය ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රීය ක්‍රියාවලියකි.ඒ අනූව සංවර්ධනයේ සෑම අදියරකදීම මෙම ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී මූලධර්ම ක්‍රියාත්මක කළ හැකි අතර විමද්‍යගත කරණය වැනි උපාංග ඒ සඳහා ප්‍රබල ශක්තියක් සපය යි.

බාහිර සභිකයන්ගේ කාර්ය

කිසියම් ප්‍රජාවක් තුළ සමාජ සජීවිකරණ ක්‍රියාවලියක් ඇරඹීමට ඒ සඳහා විශේෂිත පුහුණුවක් ලත් ක්ෂේත්‍ර ක්‍රියාකාරකයින්ගේ මැදිහත්වීමක් අවශ්‍ය වේ.සහාය අවශ්‍ය කරනු ලබන ජනතාවට තම සංවර්ධනය සැලසුම් කිරීමට උපකාරී වීම සහ බාහිර වශයෙන් සපයා ගත යුතු වන මූල්‍යමය,ද්‍රව්‍යමය සපයා ගැනීමට සහාය වීම බාහිර සභිකයින්ගේ කාර්ය වේ.මෙබඳු සහායකයින් විපර්යකාරකයින් ලෙස හැදින්වේ. මෙම නියෝජිතයන් මඟින් ඉටු වන කාර්ය පහත දැක්වේ.

	සංවර්ධන විඥානය ගොඩ නැඟීම
	කණ්ඩායම් සංවිධානය සහ ආයතන ලගාඩ නැඟීම
	බාහිර සම්පත් ග්‍රහණය
	කුඩා ව්‍යාපාර සංවර්ධනය

කුඩා කණ්ඩායම් ප්‍රවේශය

ග්‍රාමීය සංවර්ධන ව්‍යායාමය සාර්ථක කර ගැනීම සඳහා අනුගමනය කරන ක්‍රමවේදයක් ලෙස කුඩා කණ්ඩායම් ක්‍රමය දැක්විය හැකිය.මෙම කණ්ඩායමක සාමාජිකයන් සාමාන්‍යයෙන් 5-15 ත් අතර ප්‍රමාණයකින් සැදුම්ලත් වේ.ස්වයං සංවර්ධනාත්මක ක්‍රියාවන් ශක්තිමත් කරලීමට අවශ්‍ය සම්පත් පදනමක් ලොඩ නැගීමේ ක්‍රියාවලියේ මූලික පියවර වන්නේ සංවිධානය වූ කණ්ඩායම් ඔවුන්ගේ ම සම්පත් එක්රැස් කොට යෙදවීමට උත්සහ දැරීම යි. මෙම කණ්ඩායම් තුළ ගොඩ නැගෙන අරමුදල ජනතා ජීවිත උසස් කිරීමේ ක්‍රියාවලියේ ආරම්භක පියවර වේ.එය මූල්‍ය කළමනාකරණය, මූල්‍ය භාවිතය හා ඉතුරුම් සංස්කෘතියක් ගොඩ නැගීමට ලබා දෙන පුහුණුවකි.

දිළිඳුකම පිටුදැකීම සඳහා ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධන ප්‍රයත්නයන්

ජාතික වැඩසටහන්

ජනසවිය වැඩසටහන
සමෘද්ධි ව්‍යාපාරය

සුළු පරිමාණ වැඩසටහන්

විපර්යකාරක වැඩසටහන
සහභාගිත්ව ග්‍රාමීය සංවර්ධන වැඩසටහන
නිවාස දශ ලක්ෂයේ වැඩසටහන
හම්බන්තොට ඒකාබද්ධ ග්‍රාමීය සංවර්ධන වැඩසටහන
මහවැලි සංවර්ධන වැඩසටහන

මූලාශ්‍ර

කරුණාරත්න,විල්ෆ්‍රඩ්. (1998).(සංස්)ප්‍රජාතනත්‍රවාදය සහ සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධනය. පීඩා ආයතනය.

ගැමි නායකත්වය සහ බල සබඳතා ගොඩ නැඟීම කෙරෙහි විපර්යකාරක වැඩසටහනේ බලපෑම. (1998). ග්‍රාම සංවර්ධන අභ්‍යාස සහ පර්යේෂණ පුහුණු ආයතනය.

දිසානායක,ප්‍රේමරත්න. (1999). ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ග්‍රාමීය අංශයේ ගෙවතු සංවර්ධනය පිළිබඳ සමාජ විද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයක්. පශ්චාත් උපාධි නිබන්ධනය: කොළඹ විශ්ව විද්යානලය.

විජේරාම, ලයනල්. (සංස්.) (1998). ග්‍රාම සංවර්ධනය සහ සංවර්ධනය. ග්‍රාම සංවර්ධන  අභ්‍යාස සහ පර්යේෂණ පුහුණු ආයතනය: කොළඹ.

Arunasiri, P.H.L. (1992). A Comparative Study of Paticipation Rural Development Through The Change Agent and Social Mobilization Pogramme in Mathara District in Srilanka. Asia Institute of Technology: Bankok.

Emanual,De Silva. (1992). Poverty Alleviation Through Agricultural Projects: World Bank.

Silva, G.V.S Wahid, Haque and Wignaraja, P. (1988). Towards A Theory of Rural Development. Progressive publication: Layore.

Wignaraja, P. (1991). Participatory Development. Learning for South Asia. Oxford university press: Tokyo

අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු
http://www. http://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/doc-jica_gg.html

සබැඳි පිටු

දිළිඳුබව

සහභාගිත්ව සංවර්ධනය


Saltarello je folklorni ples koji je izvorno nastao na području Italije. Prvi se put spominje u Londonskom rukopisu, dokumentu napisanom krajem 14. ili početkom 15. stoljeća u Toskani, a danas je u vlasništvu Britanske knjižnice. Uglavnom se izvodio u brzoj tročetvrtinskoj ili troosminskoj mjeri i nazvan je prema svojstvenim skokovima (u talijanskom jeziku glagol saltare znači "skočiti"). Zbog te je osobitosti u njemačkom dobio ime Hoppertanz odnosno Hupfertanz ("poskočica"); među ostalim imenima navode se francusko pas de Brabant i španjalsko alta ili alta danza.

Povijest

Tijekom 15. stoljeća riječju "saltarello" imenovan je poseban plesni korak (ples u dva koraka s poskokom na prvi ili posljednji nenaglašeni takt), ali i naziv brze trotaktne glazbene mjere; oboje se pojavljuje u mnogim koreografskim plesovima. Plesovi koji se samo sastoje od skokova i mjere saltarella opisani su kao improvizirani u talijanskim plesnim priručnicima iz 15. stoljeća. (Prvi traktat o plesu u kojem se govorilo o saltarellu napisao je Antonio Cornazzano 1465.) Jasniji i detaljniji opis takvog skoka i mjere nalaze se u rukopisu iz 16. stoljeća koji se danas čuva u madridskoj instituciji Academia de la Historia. U to su vrijeme saltarello plesale grupe kurtizana odjevene poput muškaraca na plesovima pod maskama. Saltarello je nadahnuo ples quadernaria u Njemačkoj, koji je naknadno u Italiji postao saltarello tedesco (njemački saltarello). Taj je "njemački saltarello", za razliku od talijanske inačice, bio u dvostrukoj glazbenoj mjeri i počinjao je na naglašenom taktu.

Godine 1540. Hans Newsidler objavio je talijanski ples pod imenom Hupff auff (uvodni preskok) i identificirao ga podnaslovom u navodnicima: "saltarella".

Kao narodni ples
Iako je podrijetlom toskanski dvorski ples, saltarello je postao tipičan talijanski narodni ples u Ciociariji, a i često se izvodio u Rimu tijekom karnevala i svečanosti u blizini Monte Testaccia. Nakon što je 1831. prisustvovao rimskom karnivalu, njemački je skladatelj Felix Mendelssohn uvrstio taj ples u završnicu svoje Talijanske simfonije. Jedini primjer saltarella u sjevernoj Italiji jest saltarello romagnolo u Romagni.

I dalje je popularan narodni ples koji se izvodi u područjima u južnoj i središnjoj Italiji, među kojima su Abruzzo i Molise (premda mu je ime u tim dvama regijama ženskog roda: Saltarella), ali i Lacij i Marke. Glazba za ples uglavnom se izvodi na gajdama zampogna ili na organettu, vrsti harmonike, a glavno glazbalo prati tamburin.

Vrste saltarella u srednjem vijeku
Glavni izvor za srednjovjekovni talijanski saltarello jest toskanski rukopis Londonski rukopis, koji je nastao krajem 14. ili početkom 15. stoljeća i danas se nalazi u vlasništvu Britanske knjižnice. Glazbeni oblik četiriju ranih saltarella ista je kao za ples estampie. Međutim, nalaze se u različitim glazbenim mjerama: dva su plesa transkribirana u šestosminskoj mjeri, jedan u tročetvrtinskoj mjeri, a jedan u četveročetvrtinskoj mjeri. Budući da ne postoje izvori o koreografijama prije 1430-ih, upitno je jesu li ta četiri plesa na određeni način povezana s kasnijim saltarellima.

U klasičnoj glazbi

Tielman Susato uvrstio je saltarello u djelo Het derde musikboexken: Danserye (iz 1551.).
 Autorstvo skladbe za gitaru pod imenom "Saltarello" pripisuje se Vincenzu Galileiju, a nastala je u 16. stoljeću.
 Odoardo Barri: Six morceaux de salon, za alt-violu i klavir (br. 6 je saltarello)
 Felix Mendelssohn uvrstio je saltarello u četvrtom stavku svoje Talijanske simfonije.
 Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel: Il saltarello romano za klavir, op. 6, br. 4
 Charles-Valentin Alkan skladao je "Saltarelle" op. 23, a uvrstio ga je i u posljednji stavak svojeg djela Sonate de Concert op. 47 za klavir i violončelo "Finale alla Saltarella".
 Hector Berlioz iskoristio je saltarello u karnivalskoj sceni djela Benvenuto Cellini which was reprised in the Roman Carnival Overture.
 Joachim Raff: Saltarello, za klavir, op. 108
 Charles Gounod: Saltarello za orkestar
 Camille Saint-Saëns: Saltarelle, za muški zbor, op. 74
 Camille Saint-Saëns: posljednji stavak Piano Concerta br. 2, op. 22 jest Saltarelle
 Eugène Ketterer: Saltarelle, za klavir, op. 266
 Daniel van Goens: Saltarello za violončelo i klavir, op. 35
 Ernst Haberbier: Saltarello za klavir, pp. 54
 Max Mayer: Fünf Klavierstücke, op. 6 (br. 3 je "Alla saltarello")
 F. Laurent-Rollandez: Saltarello za klavir, op. 18
 Franz Ries: Nocturne et Saltarello, za violinu i klavir
 S. B. Mills: Saltarello, za klavir, op. 26
 Bernhard Molique: Saltarella, za violinu i klavir, op. 55
 H. T. Manicus: Saltarello, za klavir
 George Grothe: Saltarello Galop, za klavir
 Emil Kronke: Saltarello, za klavir, op. 32
 George Frederick Bristow: Saltarello, za klavir
 August Marten: 4 Charakterstücke za violinu i klavir, op. 8 (br. 2 je saltarello)
 Georg Goltermann: Saltarello za violončelo i klavir, op. 59, br. 2
 Gustav Satter: Saltarello, za klavir, op. 147
 Gabriel Verdalle: Salatarello za solističku harfu, op. 23
 Jedan dio djela Miniatures for Piano Trio Franka Bridgea je saltarello (br. 5)
 Jean Antiga: Saltarello: danse italienne, za klavir
 George Enescu: Nocturne et Saltarello, za violončelo i klavir
 Theodor Kullak: Saltarello di Roma, za klavir, op. 49
 Carl Gottschalksen: Saltarello: Sorento ved Napoli: Italiensk Suite 3, za klavir
 Edward German: Saltarello, za flautu ili pikolo i klavir
 Anton Strelezki: Saltarello, danza napolitana, za klavir, op. 18
 Henri Piccolini: Saltarello one-step, za orkestar
 Sydney Smith: Saltarello, za klavir sviran četirima rukama
 Jules Demersseman: Solo de Concert, op. 82 br. 6 za flautu i klavir. Posljednji stavak zove se "Saltarello"
 Leonardo De Lorenzo: Saltarello, za flautu, op. 27
 Paul Mason: Saltarello, za klavir
 Émile-Robert Blanchet: Saltarello, za klavir
 Anton Schmoll: Saltarello, za klavir, op. 50, br. 19
 Jeraldine Saunders Herbison: Saltarello, za violončelo i klavir, op. 30, br. 2
 Maurice Jean Baptiste Ghislain Guillaume: Capriccietto, Canzona, and Saltarello, za klarinet i klavir, op. 23
 Guido Papini: Saltarello (Souvenir de Sorrento), za violinu i klavir, op. 55, br. 2
 Charles Robert Yuille-Smith: Saltarello, za violončelo i klavir
 Adolf Terschak: Saltarella, za flautu, violončelo i klavir, op. 20
 Charles Spinks: Dance Suite, za klavir, op. 12 (drugi stavak je saltarello)
 Bernard Wagenaar: Saltarello za klavir
 Germain Digmeloff: Pour un anniversaire: Saltarello
 Kris Dorsey: Shanty Saltarello (What Can You Do with a Drunken Sailor?), za kvintet limenih puhačkih glazbala
 Malcolm Forsyth: Saltarello, za kvintet limenih puhačkih glazbala
 Robert Planel: Prélude et saltarelle, za alt-saksofon i klavir
 Lauren Bernofsky: Saltarello za trubu in C (ili in Es) i klavir
 Jean-François Michel: Intrada, canzonetta e saltarello, za malu trubu in Hes ili trubu i klavir
 Antonius Streichardt: Saltarello, za mandolinski orkestar
 Germaine Tailleferre: Gudački kvartet (treći stavak)

Izvori

Renesansa
Narodni ples

Saltarello