Emanuel Ammon (* 28. November 1950 in Luzern) ist ein Schweizer Fotograf aus Luzern. Er wurde hauptsächlich bekannt als Presse- und Dokumentarfotograf.

Leben
Nach seiner Ausbildung (1969–1974) an der Kunstgewerbeschule Luzern und bei dem Luzerner Fotografen Hans Eggermann war er Kameramann bei Kurt Albisser. Von 1975 bis 1980 war er Bildjournalist beim Luzerner Tagblatt, später freier Fotograf für verschiedene Publikationen in der Schweiz und teilweise im Ausland. So zum Beispiel für die Kunstzeitschrift PAN, das Geo-Spezial und  das Zeit-Magazin. Von 1976 bis 1988 war er Theaterfotograf am Stadttheater Luzern. 1989 war er Dozent für Pressefotografie am MAZ. 1992 gründete er die Fotografen-Agentur «AURA Fotoagentur» und sieben Jahre später den «AURA Fotobuchverlag» in Luzern.

Publikationen
 «LUZERNER TAGBLATT Eine Mediengeschichte» 2021, AURA Fotobuchverlag Luzern, ISBN 978-3-906105-14-7.
«JAKOBSWEG 900km durch die Schweiz und Spanien» 2020, AURA Fotobuchverlag Luzern, ISBN 978-3-906105-21-5.
 «Die KKL-Story | Ein Ort | 100 Jahre | drei Bauten» 2020, AURA Fotobuchverlag Luzern, ISBN 978-3-906105-16-1.
 «KÖNIGSFEST» – Das offizielle Buch zum eidgenössischen Schwing- und Älplerfest 2019, Abächerli Verlag, Sarnen, ISBN 978-3-906105-17-8.
 «DER HOTELBERG», Bürgenstock 2018, NZZ-Libro, Zürich, Sammelband.
 «Peter Eötvös», Roche Commissions 2018, ISBN 978-3-89727-547-8.
 «HOTEL ANKER eine Perle der Moderne», 2018, AURA Fotobuchverlag Luzern, ISBN 978-3-906105-13-0.
 «LUZERN PANORAMA», 2015, AURA Fotobuchverlag Luzern, ISBN 978-3-906105-10-9.
 «VELOBUCH i love my bicycle», 2013, AURA Fotobuchverlag Luzern, ISBN 978-3-9523375-7-8.
 «BURMA Abenteuer in Buddhas Paradies», 2012, AURA Fotobuchverlag Luzern, ISBN 978-3-9523375-8-5.
 «70er Emanuel Ammon», 2011, AURA Fotobuchverlag Luzern, ISBN 978-3-9523375-5-4.
 «Kapellbrücke Luzern», 2010, AURA Fotobuchverlag Luzern, ISBN 978-3-9523375-2-3.
 «Schweizer KUHLEBEN», 2009, AURA Fotobuchverlag Luzern, ISBN 978-3-9523375-1-6.
 «JoDu-Fäscht, Luzerner Fasnacht 2008», 2008, AURA Fotobuchverlag, Luzern, ISBN 978-3-9523375-0-9.
 «LUZERNER FASNACHT, eine Zeitreise durch zwei Generationen», 2005, AURA Fotobuchverlag, Luzern, ISBN 3-033-00508-X.
 GLOBO Schweiz, 2001, Ringier Verlag, München
 Feste im Alpenraum 4 Reportagen, 1997, Migros Presse, Zürich
 GEO Spezial Reportage Loch Ness, 1995, Gruner & Jahr AG, Hamburg
 GEO Spezial Indien, 1993, Gruner & Jahr AG, Hamburg
 SCHWYZ Portrait eines Kantones, 1991, Edition 91, Niklaus Flüeler, Schwyz
 APA Guide, 1991, APA Guide, München
 700 Jahre Eidgenossenschaft im Kanton Schwyz, 1991, Kulturkommission Kanton Schwyz, Schwyz
 Mehr Boden unter den Füssen, 1990, Generatio Werner Fritschi, Luzern
 Luzern und sein Theater, 1989, Dezernat des Stadttheaters Luzern, Luzern
 Das Jubeljahr 800 Jahre Stadt Luzern, 1979, Stiftung Stadtjubileum, Luzern
 Luzerner Altstadt, 1978, Quartierverein Altstadt, Luzern
 Siedlungs- und Baudenkmäler im Kanton Luzern, 1977, Keller & Co, Luzern

Auszeichnungen
 1. Preis am internationalen Nikon Photo Contest  International 1980

Siehe auch
 Stiftung Fotodok/Emanuel Ammon

Weblinks
 Emanuel Ammons Internetpräsenz
 http://emanuel-ammon.ch
 http://www.aurabooks.ch

Schweizer
Fotograf (20. Jahrhundert)
Fotograf (21. Jahrhundert)
Fotograf (Luzern)
Geboren 1950
Mann

Emanuel Ammon


Amedeo Natoli () a fost un bancher francez, care este considerat părintele asigurărilor și reasigurărilor moderne.

Referințe

Bibliografie
 Peter Borscheid, Niels Viggo Haueter (2012), World Insurance: The Evolution of a Global Risk Network, OUP Oxford, 2012 ()
 Amedeo Natoli, Inssurance et Reinsurance, pubblishing by Ed. Bestetti, Milan, 1934, International Register of Social History (IIHS), Amesterdam, Netherlands
 Who Owns Whom: Continental Europe, Volume 1, Dun & Bradstreet, Northwestern University, 1980
 Roberto Baglioni, Guida agli archivi e alle fonti storiche delle assicurazioni in Italia, Marsilio, 2003, ISBN 8831782673
 Il Massimario del Foro italiano, Volume 32, Società editrice "Il Foro italiano", Ed. Corte suprema di cassazione, Italy, 1963
 Luis Benítéz de Lugo y Reymundo, Principios generales e historia del seguro. El Contrato de seguros, Volume 1 di Tratado de seguros, Luis Benítez de Lugo y Reymundo, Instituto Editorial Reus, 1955, p. 195
 AA. VV.,Piero Barucci, Simone Misiani, Manuela Mosca, La cultura economica tra le due guerre, Biblioteca storica degli economisti italiani, Franco Angeli, 2015, p. 262
 Anna Li Donni,Pina Travagliante, Il pensiero, le dottrine e l'insegnamento economico in Sicilia nel ventennio, Franco Angeli, 2016, p. 31
 Lloyd's Register of Shipping: Appendix, 1952, (Amedeo Natoli. National Provincial Bank, Ld.)
 Die Versicherung, Volume 12, 1937, Maison Natoli (Paris)
 The Weekly Underwriter, Volume 137, Underwriter Printing and Publishing Company, 1937
 Peter Borscheid, Niels Viggo Haueter (2012), World Insurance: The Evolution of a Global Risk Network, OUP Oxford University, 2012 (Ligação de livros do Google)
 A. Giuffrè, Il trasporto marittimo di cose nel sistema dei trasporti internazionali, 1976, University of Virginia, United States of America
 Salvatore Galgano, Jurisprudence comparée en matière de droit commercial, maritime, aérien, de propriété industrielle et de droits d'auteur, Volumi 7-8, Edizione dell'Istituto di studi legislativi, 1942
 Giornale dell'Istituto Italiano degli Attuari, Volumi 11-13, Istituto italiano degli attuari, 1941
 Revista de Ciencias Económicas, 1938, Espana, University of California
 Lloyd's of London Register of Shipping: Register book. Register of ships, Volume 2, Comitê de Lloyds e Lloyds, Lloyd's of London, 1938
 Comptes rendus du onzième Congrés international d'actuaires: à Paris du 17 au 24 juin 1937, Volume 5, Gauthier-Villars, 1937, Pennsylvania State University
 Sergio M. Carbone, La legislazione fascista. 1929-34, Volume 1, 1934
 Die Versicherung, Volume 9, 1934 em University of Michigan (Ligação de livros do Google)
 Francesco Berlingieri, International Maritime Conventions, Volume 1

Legături externe
  Amedeo Natoli Banca Intesa Sanpaolo
  Amedeo Natoli Banca Intesa Sanpaolo

Nașteri în 1888
Decese în 1953
Bancheri francezi
Oameni din Palermo
Decese în Paris
Înmormântări în Italia

Amedeo Natoli


An Trisetum transcaucasicum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Seredin. An Trisetum transcaucasicum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Trisetum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Trisetum

Trisetum transcaucasicum


Le Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron Twenty Six (HSC-26 ou HELSEACOMBATRON 26), anciennement Helicopter Combat Support Squadron 6 (HC-6), également connu sous le nom de "Chargers", est un escadron d'hélicoptères de combat de l'US Navy de la Base navale de Norfolk exploitant le MH-60S Seahawk. En tant que corps expéditionnaire il fournit des capacités de guerre anti-surface, de ravitaillement vertical, de recherche et sauvetage au combat et de soutien aux Forces spéciales du Naval Special Warfare Command d'un groupe aéronaval.

Historique

Origine
L'héritage du HSC-26 remonte à la création du Helicopter Utility Squadron Two (HU-2) à la Naval Air Station Lakehurst, New Jersey, en 1948.
En 1960, le HU-2 a été divisé en deux nouveaux escadrons, créant le HU-4. En 1967, le HU-4 a été renommé Helicopter Combat Support Squadron SIX (HC-6) "Chargers". Son rôle principal était d'assurer la recherche et sauvetage pour la marine. Avec l'introduction du HH-46 Sea Knight à la fin des années 1960, la mission du HC-6 s'est étendue pour inclure le ravitaillement vertical.

Transition du HC-6
Le  l'escadron a été redésigné HSC-26. Depuis, il a participé à de nombreux déploiements dans le monde.  Il est subordonné au commandant du Helicopter Sea Combat Wing, Atlantic  au sein du Naval Air Force Atlantic.

En 2020, le HSC-26 a fourni un soutien indispensable au Air Test and Evaluation Squadron 21 () en testant de manière opérationnelle le système de contre-mesure infrarouge qui fournira une protection renforcée contre les menaces de missiles infrarouges pour les MH-60S de toute la flotte.

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Liens internes
 Histoire de l'United States Navy

Liens externes
 HSC-26 Site airlant.usff.navy.mil
 HSC-26 - Site seaforces.org

Helicopter sea combat squadron de l'United States Navy

HSC-26


المستورقة  هي  من الحيوانات تتبع ال المستورقات من  ثلاثيات الفروع.

أنواع المستورقة

 مستورقة الينابيع
 مستورقة بسيطة
 مستورقة ثؤلولية
 مستورقة سخامية
 مستورقة صفراء
 مستورقة كبيرة
 مستورقة كهرمانية
 مستورقة مبقعة
 مستورقة منقطة
 مستورقة وردية
 مستورقة شرسة

مراجع

مستورقة
مستورقة

مستورقة


أول إن واندر  وهي مزيج من بطاقات العرض المرئي وبطاقات موالف التلفاز في بطاقة واحدة تصنع من قبل شركة إي تي آي. وقد تم عرضها في الأسواق في 11 نوفمبر 1996. وكانت قد قامت الشركة باستخدم اسم واندر سابقا في سلسلة من بطاقات عرض مرئي ولكنها لم تحوتو على وحدات موالف التلفاز. وهي أضا تصنع بطاقات موالف التلفاز تحمل اسم وندر مثل تي في واندر (TV Wonder). وفي البداية كانت تحتوي على وحدات معالجة الرسوميات من سلسلة ريج ثم من سلسلة ريدون , وكانت تصنع من قبل شركة إي تي أي بشعار (Built by ATI) أو من قبل شركة أخرى بشعار (Powered by ATI).

مراجع

استحداثات متعلقة بالحواسيب في 1996
إي تي آي تيكنولوجيز
بطاقات عرض مرئي
منتجات عرضت في 1996

أول إن واندر


İslam'da iman, İslam dininin esaslarına inanmaktır. İslam'a göre kişinin kurtuluşa erebilmesi için iman etmesi şarttır. İnanç konusunda ise, farklı mezheplerin farklı görüşleri bulunmaktadır.

Âmentü ve manası

İslam dininin Sünni Mezhebinde inanılması lâzım olan altı temel esasa Âmentü denir. Şiî âmentüsü ise Sünnîlik'tekinden farklıdır.

"Âmentü billahi ve melâiketihî ve kütübihî ve rusulihî vel yevmilâhiri ve bil kaderi hayrihî ve şerrihî minellahi teâlâ vel-ba'sü ba'delmevti hakkun eşhedü enlâ ilâhe illallah ve eşhedü enne Muhammeden abdühu ve resûlühü" (Allaha, meleklerine, kitaplarına, peygamberlerine, âhiret gününe, kaderin, hayır ve şerrin Allah'tan olduğuna îmân ettim. Öldükten sonra dirilmek haktır. Allah'tan başka ilâh olmadığına, Muhammed'in Allah'ın kulu ve resûlü olduğuna şehâdet ederim).

Geleneksel Sünni İslam inancında Amentü'de özetlenen maddelere inanan kişiye mü'min denir. Kişi âmentüye inanmadığı sürece mü'min yani Müslüman kabul edilmez. Ama bununla birlikte bazı araştırmacılara göre kader bahsi bu şartın dışında olup, Emevîler döneminde imânın esasları arasına girmiştir.

Konuyla alakalı Kuran'da geçen iman şartları şunlardır:

"Müminler! Allah'a güvenin; Elçisine, o Elçi'ye indirdiği Kitaba ve daha önce indirdiği Kitaplara da güvenin. Kim Allah'ı, meleklerini, kitaplarını, elçilerini ve ahiret gününü görmezlik ederse gerçekten derin bir sapıklığa düşmüş olur.

Önce inanan, sonra görmezlikten gelen, sonra tekrar inanan, sonra yine görmezlik eden ve görmemeye devam edenler var ya; Allah böylelerini ne bağışlar ne de yola getirir." (Nisa 4/136-137)

Bu Elçi, Rabbinden kendine indirilene inanmıştır. Müminler de öyle. Her biri Allah'a, meleklerine, kitaplarına ve elçilerine inanmıştır. "Onun elçileri arasında bir ayırım yapmayız" derler. Şunu da söylerler: "İşittik ve boyun eğdik! Bağışla bizi ey Rabbimiz! Dönüş sanadır!" (Bakara 2/285)

Sünni İslam'a göre imanın şartları

Allah'a iman

Tevhid'e; Allah'ın varlığına ve birliğine inanmaktır. Şu noktaları içerir:

Allah'tan başka kanun koyucu olmadığı, yalnız onun hüküm koyma yetkisinin olduğuna inanmaktır.
 Allah'ın yaratıcı, mülkün sâhibi, yegâne tasarruf sâhibi tanrı olduğuna inanmaktır.
 Allah'ın tapınılmayı hak eden gerçek ilâh, onun dışında tapınılanların ise batıl ilâhlar olduğuna inanmak.

Meleklere iman
Meleklere inanmaktır. Buna göre: Melekler, Allah'ın yalnız ona ibâdet etsinler ve onun emirlerini yerine getirsinler diye yarattığı üstün kullarıdır. Allah onlara özel görevler vermiştir. Cebrail, Allah'ın katından peygamberlere vahiy (mesaj/kitap) indirmekle; Mikail, tabiat olaylarını yönetmekle; İsrafil, kıyâmeti başlatacak sura üflemekle; ölüm meleği olan Azrail, canlıların hayatını sona erdirmekle görevlidir.

Kitaplara iman
Allah'ın insanlara peygamberler gönderdiğine ve bu peygamberlerden bazılarına içinde doğru yolu, iyiliği ve kurtuluşu gösteren kitaplar indirdiğine inanmaktır. Buna göre:

 Mûsâ'ya Tevratın,
 Dâvûd'a Zebur'un
 İsâ'ya İncil'in
 Son peygamber Muhammed'e de Kur'an'ın indirildiğine inanmaktır.
 Ayrıca İslam'da bu dört kitap dışında bazı peygamberlere adına suhuf denilen vahiyler indirildiğine ama bu sahifelerin günümüze ulaşmamış olduğuna da inanılır.

İslam'da diğer kutsal kitapların özünü kaybederek tahrif edildiğine, Kur'an'ın ise korunacağına ve tahrif edilemeyeceğine inanılır. İslami inanca göre Kur'an mahşere kadar özgünlüğünü koruyacaktır.(Hicr Suresi: 9)

Peygamberlere imân
Allah'ın peygamberler gönderdiğine inanmak. Buna göre:

Onların ilki Adem sonuncuları da Muhammed'dir. İçlerinde Meryem oğlu İsa ve Üzeyr de dahil olmak üzere peygamberlerin hepsi birer insandır. Rablık sıfatlarından hiçbirini taşımazlar. Onlar Allah'ın kendilerine peygamberlik vermekle lütufta bulunduğu kimselerdir, Allah'ın elçileridirler.

Cenâb-ı Hakk, Peygamber Muhammed'i bütün insanlığa göndermekle peygamberliği sona erdirmiştir. İslam'a göre ondan sonra peygamber yoktur.

Kur'an'da adı geçen peygamberler şunlardır:
 Âdem (آدَمُ)
 İdris (إدرٍِيس)
 Nuh (نُوح)
 Hûd (هُوداً)
 Sâlih (صَلِح)
 İbrâhim (إبرَاهِيم)
 Lût (لوط)
 İsmâil (إسمَاعِيل)
 İshak (إسحَاق)
 Yâkup (يَعقُب)
 Yusuf (يُوسُف)
 Eyyûb (أيُوب)
 Şuayb (شُعَيب)
 Mûsâ (مُوسى)
 Hârûn (هَارُون)
 Dâvûd (دَاوُد)
 Süleyman (سُلَيمان)
 İlyas (إليَاس)
 Elyesa (اَليَسعَ)
 Zulkifl (ذُاالكِفل)
 Yûnus (يُونُس)
 Zekeriyyâ (زَكَرِيَّا)
 Yahyâ (يَحيى)
 Îsâ (عِيسى بِن مَريم)
 Muhammed (مُحَمَّد بِن عَبدُ الله)

Bunların dışında Lokman (لُقمَان), Üzeyr (عزير), Zulkarneyn (ذِي القَرنَين) ve Hızır'ın (هِدرٌ) da peygamber olabileceği konusunda görüşler vardır. Bunların adı, Kur'ân'da geçmekle birlikte peygamber olup olmadıklarını ifade eden cümleler kullanılmaz.

Ahirete iman
Ahiret'e, yânî âhiret Gününe, inanmak. Buna göre:

Ahiret günü; Allah'ın insanları kabirlerinden diri olarak çıkarıp onları bir arada toplayacağı gündür. O gün onlar ya nimetleri bol cennet yurduna ya da elem verici azabın olduğu cehennem yurduna gireceklerdir.

Ahiret gününe imân; öldükten sonra kabirde karşılaşılacak ceza ve ödül, sonraki diriliş, toplanma ve hesap verme, ardından da cennete ya da cehenneme girilmesi gibi ölümden sonra gerçekleşecek olan şeylere îmân etmektir.

Kader ve Kazaya iman  ve haci yağı surmek
Kader'e, yani olmuş ve olacak her şeyin (hayrın ve şerrin) Allah'tan olduğuna inanmak. Buna göre:

Allah'ın ezeli ilmi ve bilgeliğinin gereği olarak evreni yönettiğine, her şeyin onun bilgisi dahilinde olduğuna ve huzurundaki "Levh-i Mahfuz"'da yazıldığına inanmaktır. Allah evreni dilemiş ve yaratmıştır. Onun iradesi ve yaratışı olmadan olmuş hiçbir şey yoktur.

Not:Kadere iman Kuranı kerimde geçmez,Kurana göre imanın şartı 5'tir
Ey inanıp güvenenler! Allah'a, Elçisine, o Elçi'ye indirdiği Kitaba ve daha önce indirdiği Kitaplara inanıp güvenin. Kim Allah'ı, meleklerini, kitaplarını, elçilerini ve ahiret gününü görmezlik eder de kâfir olursa işte o, gerçekten iyice sapıtmış demektir.(Nisa 4/136)

On İkiciler Şiîliğine göre imanın şartları (Usûl el-Dîn)

 Tevhid: (Allah'ın birliği): Allâh'ûr-Râhman'ûr-Râhîym'in tek ve yaradılmamış olduğuna inanmak,
 Adalet: Allah'ın adil olduğuna inanmak,
 Nübüvvet: (Peygamberlik): Allâh'û-Celle-Celâle'hû tarafından tüm insanlığa kendi dinini öğretmek için mükemmel ve yanılmaz 124 bin peygamber gönderdiğine inanmak,
 İmâmet: (Liderlik): Hakk Teâlâ'nın insanlığa rehberlik edecek belirli liderler (On İki adet Masum İmâm) atadığına inanmak.
 Meâd: (Kıyâmet, Hüküm Günü/Mahşer): Cenâb-ı Hakk'ın "Kıyamet Günü" insanları yeniden dirilteceğine ve mizan, hesap, Sırat, Cennet ile Cehennem'in hak olduğuna inanmak,

Not: Bunların dışında genellikle Şiî i'tikadında şart olarak sıralanmasa da, meleklere ve kitaplara imân da Şiîlik i'tikadında mevcuttur.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Akide
 Mezhep
 İtikadî mezhep
 Fıkhî mezhep
 İslam'da siyasi mezhepler
 İlahiyat
 Kelâm
 İslam mitolojisi

Kaynakça

İman
İman

İslam'da iman


Kosmos 2407, ruski vojni navigacijski i komunikacijski satelit iz programa Kosmos. Vrste je Parus (br. 203).

Lansiran je 22. srpnja 2004. godine u 17:46 s kozmodroma Pljesecka. Lansiran je u nisku orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Kosmos-3M 11K65M. Orbita mu je 951 km u perigeju i 1005 km u apogeju. Orbitne inklinacije je 82,96°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 28380. COSPARova oznaka je 2004-028-A. Zemlju obilazi u 104,65 minuta. Pri lansiranju bio je mase kg.

Iz misije je ostao još jedan dio koji je ostao kružiti u niskoj orbiti.

Izvori
А.Железняков. Энциклопедия "Космонавтика". Хроника освоения космоса. (rus.)
Heavens-above (engl.)
NASA (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)
N2YO Satellite Database - Tehnical Details - Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions (engl.)
Gunter's Space Page Parus (GLONASS-M, 11F627) (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database (engl.)
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)
Kunstman  Satellites in Orbit (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 2407


John-David Francis Bartoe (born November 17, 1944 in Abington, Pennsylvania) is an American astrophysicist. He is  the Research Manager for the International Space Station (ISS) at NASA's Johnson Space Center. He provides oversight for the Program Manager concerning the research capability, research hardware, and research plans of the ISS. As a civilian employee of the US Navy, he flew aboard Space Shuttle mission STS-51-F as a Payload Specialist.

Background

Prior to his present position, Bartoe was Director of Operations and Utilization in the Space Station Office of NASA Headquarters from 1990 to 1994. He also served as Chief Scientist for the Space Station from 1987 to 1990.

Before coming to NASA Headquarters, he flew on Space Shuttle mission STS-51-F (July 29 to August 6, 1985) as a civilian Navy payload specialist. A physicist by training, Bartoe was co-investigator on two solar physics investigations aboard this mission, designated Spacelab 2, that were designed to study features of the sun's outer layers. In completing this flight, Bartoe traveled over 2.8 million miles in 126 Earth orbits and logged over 190 hours in space.

From 1966 to 1988, Bartoe worked as an astrophysicist at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C., and published over 60 papers in the field of solar physics observations and instrumentation. He received his Bachelor of Science in physics from Lehigh University (1966) and his Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in physics from Georgetown University (1974 and 1976, respectively).

Bartoe is a member of the Association of Space Explorers, and is Chairman of the Space Stations Committee of the International Astronautical Federation. His awards include the NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal, the Navy Distinguished Civilian Service Award, the Flight Achievement Award of the American Astronautical Society, the NASA Space Flight Medal, and the NASA Skylab Achievement Award.

External links

 Source
 Spacefacts biography of John-David F. Bartoe

1944 births
Living people
American astronauts
American astrophysicists
Georgetown University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Lehigh University alumni
NASA sponsored astronauts
NASA people
People from Abington Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
Recipients of the NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal
Space Shuttle program astronauts

John-David F. Bartoe


علم القياس بالآلات أو علم القياس بالآلات وتصميمها هو فرعٌ من فروعِ الهندسة التي تختص بأجهزة القياس والتحكم بالآلات والمنشآت.

وبحسب الجمعية الدولية للأتمتة (International Society of Automation)، فإن التعريف الرسمي للأجهزة هو مجموعة الأدوات أو الأجهزة وتطبيقاتها التي تهدف إلى القياس والتحكم والمراقبة. المرجع: ISA std. S 51.1 (جمعية الأجهزة الأمريكية).

و المقصود بالجهاز هنا هو أداة لقياس أو معالجة المتغيرات مثل التدفق، أو درجة الحرارة، أو مستوى ارتفاع السوائل، أو الضغط. هذه الأدوات تأتي بأشكال ونماذج متنوعة. فقد تكون بسيطة مثل الصمامات وأجهزة الإرسال، أو معقدة مثل أدوات التحليل وتتضمن الأدوات غالبا أنظمة للتحكم في العمليات المختلفة. ويعد التحكم في العمليات واحداَ من الفروع الرئيسية للأجْهَزة كتطبيق.

وتشمل الأجهزة من أجل التحكم عدة أدوات مثل الملف الكهربائي (Solenoid)، والصمامات، والقواطع، والمرحّلات (Relay). هذه الأجهزة قادرة على تغيير معلمة الميدان، و
توفير قدرات التحكم عن بعد أو التحكم الآلي.

أجهزة الإرسال، هي وسائل تنتج إشارة تماثلية، تكون عادة إشارة تيار كهربائي بحدود 4-20 ميلي أمبير، مع أنه يوجد عدة خيارات أخرى مثل استخدام الجهد الكهربائي، أو التردد، أو الضغط إن كان ممكنا. ويمكن استخدام هذه الإشارة للتحكم في غيرها من الأدوات مباشرة، أو يمكن أن ترسلها إلى أنظمة جهاز تحكم منطقي قابل للبرمجة، أو DCS، أو سكادا، أو إلى أنماط أخرى من أدوات التحكم المتصلة بالحاسوب والتي يمكنها أن تفسرها إلى قيم مقروءة تستخدم في التحكم بأجهزة أو عمليات أخرى في النظام.

الأجهزة تلعب دورًا ملحوظا في جمع المعلومات من حقل المراقبة وفي تغيير معطيات الحقل، وبذلك فهي جزء مهم في حلقات التحكم.

القياس
تستخدم الأجْهَزة لقياس معطيات حقل مراقبة معين، أي الكميات المادية، تشمل:

 الضغط. إما التفاضلي أو السكوني.
 التدفق
 درجة الحرارة
 المستوى، قياس المستوى (Level measurement)
 الكثافة
 اللزوجة
 الإشعاع
 التردد
 التيار الكهربائي
 الجهد الكهربائي
 الحث
 السعة الكهربية
 المقاومية
 الموصلية
 التركيب الكيميائي
 الخصائص الكيميائية
 مختلف الخصائص الفيزيائية

التحكم

الأجْهَزة تقيس معطيات حقل المراقبة فضلا عن قدرتها على تغيير هذه المعطيات.

هندسة الأجْهَزة
هو اختصاص هندسي يركز على جوهر وطريقة تشغيل أدواة القياس المستخدمة في تصميم وتشكيل الأنظمة الآلية في المجالات الكهربائية والهوائية، إلخ. يعمل المهندسون المختصون في الصناعات المؤتمتة مثل مصانع المواد الكيميائية أو التصنيع، بهدف تحسين إنتاجية النظام، ووثوقيته وأمنه، واستمثاله، واستقراره.

وتستخدم عناصر تحكم مكروية (Micro controller) وجهاز تحكم منطقي قابل للبرمجة في التحكم في معلمات العملية أو في المعالجات الدقيقة لنظام خاص، ولكن هدفها النهائي هو التحكم على معلمات هذا النظام.

علماء الأجْهَزة والميكانيكيون
علماء الأجْهَزة والفنيون والميكانيكيون المتخصصون في تحري العطل وإصلاحه وصيانة الأدوات ونظم الأجْهَزة. تتظافر هذه المهنة بشدة مع الكهربائيين، وفنيي الأنابيب، ومهندسي القدرة، والشركات الهندسية بحيث يجد المرء نفسه عاملا في مجالات متنوعة للغاية.

انظر أيضاً

 قياس
 علم القياس

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 جمعية الأجهزة الأمريكية.
 أجهزة القياس والتحكم

أجهزة قياس
تحكم صناعي
مجسات
هندسة التحكم

أجهزة القياس والتحكم واستخدامها


Crkva sv. Arhangela Mihajla i Gavrila je crkva u naselju Bolč koje je u sastavu općine Farkaševac, zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Kasnobarokna crkva s kraja 18. stoljeća je jednobrodna građevina pravokutnog tlocrta s polukružno zaključenim svetištem odijeljenim ikonostasom i zvonikom u središnjoj osi glavnog pročelja. Prostor broda nadsvođen je češkim kapama, a svetište bačvastim svodom sa susvodnicama i polukupolom nad apsidom. Zanimljiv je oslik interijera koji prikazuje parove pilastara korintskih kapitela povezanih vijencem. Zidne površine su marmorizirane, a na svodnim poljima smješteni su ovalni i okrugli medaljoni profiliranih okvira. Oblikovanjem se ističe glavno zapadno pročelje sa zvonikom u središnjoj osi i zabatom formiranim zaobljenim lukovima.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-2834 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene sakralne građevine u Zagrebačkoj županiji
Pravoslavne crkve u Hrvatskoj

Crkva sv. Arhangela Mihajla i Gavrila u Bolču


Süleyman Şah veya Kaya Alp oğlu Süleyman Alp (ö. 1236, Fırat), Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun resmî olarak kurulmasına giden süreçte önemli bir yere sahiptir. Kaya Alp'in oğlu ve Ertuğrul Gazi'nin babası olan Gündüz Alp'in atasıdır. Bazı kaynaklara göre ise Ertuğrul Bey'in babası. Oğuzlar'ın Kayı Boyu'ndandır. Doğum yeri ve tarihi hakkında kesin bilgiler olmadığı gibi 12. yüzyılın sonlarında doğduğu ve Kayı Boyu'nun reisi olduğu bilinir. Moğol hükümdarı Cengiz Han'ın Orta Asya'daki istilâsı üzerine, 13. yüzyılda Türkistan'dan batıya doğru göç etmeye karar vermiştir. Türkistan'dan 50.000 kişiyle Kuzey Kafkasya üzerinden Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'ne gelerek, 1214'te Erzincan ve Ahlat taraflarına yerleşti. Aynı boya mensup bâzı aşiretler de Diyarbakır, Mardin ve Urfa'ya yerleştiler. 1225-1226 arası da Haçlı Kalesi'nin fethi onun devrinde gerçekleşti.

Süleyman Âlp'in kimliği

Süleyman Âlp'in Süleyman Şah ile karıştırılması
Gündüz Âlp'in dedesi olan Süleyman Âlp'in kimliği, her ikisinin de Halep'te ölmeleri nedeniyle vefat tarihleri arasında yüzyıldan fazla süre geçmiş olmasına rağmen bazı yazarlar tarafından uzun yıllar Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti'nin kurucusu Kutalmışoğlu I. Süleyman Şah ile karıșıtırılmıştır.

Ertuğrul Âlp'nin babası Gündüz Âlp ile karıştırılması
Son zamanlarda bilim insanları tarafından Osman Gazi dönemine ait bulunan ve üzerinde "Osman bin Ertuğrul bin Gündüz Âlp" yazan üç adet madenî para Ertuğrul Gazi'nin babasının Gündüz Alp olduğunu ispat etmiş oluyor. Böylece Gündüz Âlp ile Kaya Alpoğlu Süleyman Âlp arasındaki karıșıklık ta aydınlatılmıș oluyor. Gündüz Âlp'in dedesinin adının ise Mîr Süleyman Âlp olduğunu Enverî teyit etmektedir. Yılmaz Öztuna ise Süleyman Şah'ın Ertuğrul'un babası zannedildiğini ve bunun doğru olmadığını söylüyor. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi'ne göre de Süleyman Şah adındaki kişi Ertuğrul'un babası değildir. Gündüz Âlp olarak düzeltilmesi gerekmektedir. Hem İlber Ortaylı hem de Erhan Afyoncu gibi tarihçiler ise Süleyman Şah Türbesi'nde yatan kişinin kimliğinin belirsiz olduğunu söylüyor ve Gündüz Âlp'in Ertuğrul Gazi'nin gerçek babası olduğu görüşünü savunuyor.

Ölümü ve mezarı

Süleyman Şah Kaya Alpoğlu, Kayı boyu'ndan birkaç bey ile Caber'e giderken Fırat Nehri'nde boğularak ölmüș ve Halep'teki Süleyman Şah Türbesi'ne defnedilmiștir. Süleyman Şah Kaya Alpoğlu, genellikle Melikşah'ın kardeşi I. Tutuş'un ordularıyla Halep yakınlarında yaptığı savaşta ölen Kutalmışoğlu Süleyman Şah ile karıştırılmaktadır. Ölümünden sonra Caber Kalesi'nin Fırat nehri hizasındaki kuzeyde (Türkiye'ye kuş uçuşu 30 km kadar güneyde) bir kümbete defnedildi. Mezarın bulunduğu bölge, I. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında Suriye Osmanlı Devleti'nden ayrılınca Fransız Suriye Mandası sınırları içerisinde kalmıştır. Ancak Ankara Anlaşması ve Lozan Antlaşması'na göre Türkiye'nin toprağı sayılmıştır.

21 Şubat 2015 tarihinde Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hükûmeti tarafından Suriye'deki iç savaş öne sürülerek gerçekleştirilen Şah Fırat Operasyonu neticesinde türbe geçici süreliğine Türkiye sınırına 180 metre mesafedeki Eşme köyüne taşınmıştır.

Kaya Alpoğlu Süleyman Âlp'in ecdadı
Yazıcızâde Âli'nin Tevârih-i Âl-i Selçuk isimli eserinde Ertuğrul Gazi'nin atası olarak sadece Gök Âlp'in adı geçmektedir, Neşrî'nin Kitâb-ı Cihannümâ isimli eserinde ise Ertuğrul Gazi'nin atası olarak sadece Süleyman'ın adı zikredilmektedir. Aradaki isimler diğer tarihçilerce doldurulmaktadır. Öte taraftan Süleyman Âlp'in babasının Kaya Âlp olduğu Bay-Atlı Hasan'ın Câm-ı Cem-Âyîn adlı, Şükrullah'ın Behcetü't-Tevârîh adlı, ve Âşıkpaşazâde'nin Tevârîh-i Âl-i Osman<ref name="İnalcık=489">Âşıkpaşazâde, Tevârîh-i Âl-i Osman; İnalcık, Halil, 2007; sf. 489.</ref> adlı eserlerinde zikredilmektedir. Kaya Âlp'in dedesini ise hem Şükrullah hem de Âşıkpaşazâde Gök Âlp olarak veriyor. Şükrullah Kızıl Buğa aracılığıyla, Âşıkpaşazâde ise Basuk aracılığıyla Kaya Âlp'in dedesinin Gök Âlp olduğu hususunda hem fikirdir. Gök Âlp'in ise Türkler'in mitolojik atası Oğuz Han'ın neslinden geldiği Karamanlı Tevki'i Mehmet Paşa, Şükrullah, ve Âşıkpaşazâde tarafından öne sürülmektedir. Öte taraftan Enverî Süleyman Âlp'i Gazan'a bağlamaktadır. Enverî'ye göre Emîr Süleyman Âlp'' Kutalmışoğlu Süleyman Şah'tır.

Popüler kültürdeki yeri
2014-2019 yılları arasında TRT 1 de yayınlanan Diriliş Ertuğrul dizisinde Serdar Gökhan tarafından canlandırılmıştır.

Kaynakça

1178 doğumlular
1227 yılında ölenler
Osmanlı Hanedanı
13. yüzyılda Osmanlılar
Oğuzlar
Boğularak ölenler

Süleyman Şah


Jedinstvena hrvatska nogometna liga (također i kao Hrvatska republička nogometna liga, Jedinstvena prva hrvatska nogometna liga), je bila trećeg ranga natjecanja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1987./88. Formirana je od najboljih klubova dotadašnje četiri skupine Hrvatske republičke lige – Sjever, Istok, Zapad i Jug, koje su sezoni 1987./88. postale II. hrvatska nogometna liga.
U ligi je sudjelovalo 16 klubova, a prvak je bio Zagreb.
Za 1988./89. je provedene reorganizacija ligaških natjecanja. Jedinstvena hrvatska liga je ukinuta, te je većina njezinih sudionika prešla u nove Međurepubličke lige – Zapad, Sjever i Jug. Četiri skupine II. hrvatske nogometne lige su postale najviši republički stupanj natjecanja u Hrvatskoj i četvrti u Jugoslaviji.

Ljestvica

 Borovo Naselje ranije dio Borova, danas dio Vukovara
 Hrvatska liga je u sezoni 1988./89. podijeljena u četiri skupine: Istok, Jug, Sjever i Zapad
 Većina klubova iz dotadašnje Hrvatske lige postali su članovi novoosnovanih  Međurepubličkih liga, koje su postale treći rang jakosti.
 Istra, Lučki radnik i Omladinac prešli su u natjecanja četvrtog ranga i postali članovi Hrvatske lige – Zapad (Istra, Lučki radnik) i Hrvatske lige – Sjever (Omladinac).

Rezultatska križaljka

Povezani članci
 Prvenstvo Hrvatske u nogometu
 II. Hrvatska nogometna liga – Istok 1987./88.
 II. Hrvatska nogometna liga – Jug 1987./88.
 II. Hrvatska nogometna liga – Sjever 1987./88.
 II. Hrvatska nogometna liga – Zapad 1987./88.
 Republička nogometna liga Bosne i Hercegovine 1987./88.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 Ivan Jurić: Narona / Neretva : 1919 - 1994, Metković, 1995., , str. 233

1987-88
1987-88 Hrvatska

Jedinstvena hrvatska nogometna liga 1987./88.


Jakob Nufer යනු 1500 ආසන්නයේ දී ප්‍රථම සාර්ථක, මවගේ ජීවිතයට හානියක් නොවූ සිසේරියන් සැත්කම සිදුකළ තැනැත්තා ලෙස සැලකේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

Jakob Nufer


Stockolmska ekonomska škola (šved. Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, skraćeno HHS) privatna je poslovna škola u Stockholmu i jedna od najuglednijih u Europi. Osim u Švedskoj, ima svoje odjele u Latviji (Riga) i Rusiji (Sankt Peterburg, Moskva). Unutar škole djeluje i Europska škola za japanske studije sa sjedištem u Tokiju.

Osnovano je 1909. godine, po uzoru na slične škole u Njemačkoj i Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu.

Od poznatijih studenata i predavača, u školi su djelovali nobelovac Gunnar Myrdal i glavni tajnik UN-a Dag Hammarskjöld.

Vanjske poveznice
 Službene stranice

Stockholm
Poslovne škole
Odgoj i obrazovanje u Švedskoj

Stockholmska ekonomska škola


رضا علي (10 نيسان/أبريل 1929 - 6 نيسان/أبريل 2005 ) مغني وملحن عراقي مواليد منطقة الشواكة ببغداد من اصول كردية فيلية.

حياته
درس في معهد الفنون الجميلة قسم التمثيل والاخراج المسرحي، لكنه تخصص في الموسيقى والالحان، ودخل الإذاعة أيام (عمو زكي) و(محمد كريم)، وقدم أروع الالحان لكثير من العراقيين والعرب مثل عفيفة اسكندر، مائدة نزهت،هيفاء حسين، فائزة أحمد، نرجس شوقي، سميرة توفيق، فهد بلان، راوية، نهاوند، فؤاد حجازي، نازك، زينة التونسية وغيرهم.

شارك في فلم (ارحموني) الذي أخرجه حيدر العمر، وغنى فيه أوبريت بغداد (محلى وادينا وجماله). شارك في الكثير من المهرجانات والمؤتمرات الموسيقية العربية والدولية حتى انه عرف باسم سفير الغناء العراقي بدء التلحين بشكل احترافي حيث سجلت له في عام 1949 باغنية حبك حيرني. وانتشر في الخمسينات ومن أشهر اغانيه سمر سمر وتفرحون افرحلكم وعلى باب الحلو جينا وغيرها اسمه الحقيقي علي رضا وقد قلبه لرفض اهله ان يعمل بالتلحين والغناء كان مطاردا احيانا من النظام السابق فاضطر للرحيل عن العراق لفترة.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أشخاص من بغداد
شيعة عراقيون
مغنون ومغنيات عراقيون
ملحنون عراقيون
ممثلون وممثلات عراقيون
مواليد 1347 هـ
وفيات 1426 هـ
وفيات 2005

رضا علي


Allium intermedium  es una especie no aceptada y puede referirse a:
Allium intermedium descrita por DC. es el  Allium paniculatum subsp. paniculatum
Allium intermedium descrita por G.Don es el Allium oleraceum de L.

Referencias

Allium intermedium


Un total de 198 equipos participaron en la fase de Clasificación para la Copa Mundial de Fútbol de 2006, compitiendo por un total de 32 plazas en el torneo final. , como anfitrión, clasificó en forma automática, dejando 31 cupos disponibles.

Las 32 plazas para la Copa Mundial de la FIFA de 2006 fueron distribuidas entre las zonas continentales de las siguiente forma:
 Europa (UEFA): 13 plazas, más una que fue asignada automáticamente a Alemania, mientras que las otras 13 fueron disputadas por 51 equipos.
 Sudamérica (CONMEBOL): 4.5 plazas, disputadas por 10 equipos. El ganador de la 0.5 plaza avanzó a la repesca intercontinental (contra un equipo de la OFC).
 América del Norte, América Central y el Caribe (CONCACAF): 3.5 plazas, disputadas por 34 equipos. El ganador de la 0.5 plaza avanzó a la repesca intercontinental (contra un equipo de la AFC).
 África (CAF): 5 plazas, disputadas por 51 equipos.
 Asia (AFC): 4.5 plazas, disputadas por 40 equipos. El ganador de la 0.5 plaza avanzó a la repesca intercontinental (contra un equipo de la CONCACAF).
 Oceanía (OFC): 0.5 plaza, disputada por 12 equipos. El ganador de la 0.5 plaza avanzó a la repesca intercontinental (contra un equipo de CONMEBOL).

El sorteo para los seis torneos continentales de clasificación tomó lugar el 5 de diciembre de 2003 en Fráncfort del Meno, mientras que, como ya se había vuelto costumbre, los equipos de CONMEBOL compitieron en un solo grupo. La clasificación en sí comenzó en enero de 2004.

Un total de 194 equipos jugó al menos un partido clasificatorio. Se jugaron un total de 847 partidos clasificatorios y se anotaron 2464 goles (un promedio de 2.91 por partido).

Zonas continentales

Europa (UEFA)

Grupo 1 - Países Bajos clasificó. La República Checa avanzó a la Repesca de la UEFA.
Grupo 2 - Ucrania clasificó. Turquía avanzó a la Repesca de la UEFA.
Grupo 3 - Portugal clasificó. Eslovaquia avanzó a la Repesca de la UEFA.
Grupo 4 - Francia clasificó. Suiza avanzó a la Repesca de la UEFA.
Grupo 5 - Italia clasificó. Noruega avanzó a la Repesca de la UEFA.
Grupo 6 - Inglaterra y Polonia clasificaron.
Grupo 7 - Serbia y Montenegro clasificó. España avanzó a la Repesca de la UEFA.
Grupo 8 - Croacia y Suecia clasificaron.
Repescas - República Checa, España y Suiza clasificaron sobre Noruega, Eslovaquia y Turquía respectivamente.

Sudamérica (CONMEBOL)

Brasil, Argentina, Ecuador y Paraguay clasificaron. Uruguay avanzó a la  Repesca Intercontinental de la CONMEBOL/OFC.

América del Norte, América Central y el Caribe (CONCACAF)

Costa Rica, México y Estados Unidos clasificaron. Trinidad y Tobago avanzó a la Repesca Intercontinental AFC/CONCACAF.

África (CAF)

Grupo A - Togo clasificó.
Grupo B - Ghana clasificó.
Grupo C - Costa de Marfil clasificó.
Grupo D - Angola clasificó.
Grupo E - Túnez clasificó.

Asia (AFC)

Grupo A - Arabia Saudita y Corea del Sur clasificaron. Uzbekistán avanzó a la Repesca de la AFC.
Grupo B - Japón e Irán clasificaron. Baréin avanzó a la Repesca de la AFC.
Repesca - Baréin avanzó a la Repesca Intercontinental AFC/CONCACAF sobre Uzbekistán.

Oceanía (OFC)

Australia avanzó a la Repesca Intercontinental de la CONMEBOL/OFC.

Repescas intercontinentales
Los equipos jugaron partidos de ida y vuelta. El ganador de la serie clasificaría.

Repesca Intercontinental AFC-CONCACAF

Trinidad y Tobago clasificó con el resultado agregado de 2–1.

Repesca Intercontinental OFC-CONMEBOL

Australia clasificó ganando la definición por penales 4–2 luego de que el resultado agregado terminase empatado 1–1.

Equipos clasificados

Goleadores
14 goles
  Jared Borgetti

12 goles
  Stern John

11 goles
  Jaime Lozano
  Pauleta
  Emmanuel Adebayor

10 goles
  Ronaldo
  Carlos Ruiz

9 goles
  Didier Drogba
  Jan Koller
  Ali Daei
  Francisco Fonseca

8 goles
  Paulo Wanchope
  Obafemi Martins
  Zlatan Ibrahimović

Notas
 Por primera vez en la historia de los mundiales, el campeón defensor, en esta ocasión , no clasificó de manera automática. El anfitrión  mantuvo su plaza automática. La última vez en la que el campeón defensor no clasificó de manera automática fue en 1934, cuando , el campeón en ese entonces, decidió no participar de la Copa Mundial de Fútbol en Italia en 1934.
 La distribución original de las plazas entre las seis zonas continentales estipulaba que Oceanía recibiría una plaza completa de las 32. Esto fue visto prácticamente como garantizarle una plaza automática a , de lejos la nación más poderosa de la región futbolísticamente hablando. La decisión fue reconsiderada y en junio de 2003 se decidió que se volvería a la anterior distribución de plazas para OFC y CONMEBOL.
 13 de los 32 equipos clasificados a la Copa Mundial de Fútbol de 2006 no lograron clasificar a siguiente torneo:  (cuya racha de 4 torneos consecutivos terminó en 2006);  y  (ambos con 3); , ,  y  (2); , , , ,  y  (1).
  fue el equipo que menos goles recibió en las eliminatorias a nivel mundial. Solo recibió un gol, en el partido que jugó con  en su última aparición en una eliminatoria mundialista.
 Ésta sería la última vez en la que  jugaría las eliminatorias en Oceanía, ya que en la siguiente eliminatoria sería parte de Asia.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Preliminares a la Copa Mundial de Fútbol de 2006 en FIFA.com
 RSSSF - Clasificación a la Copa Mundial de Fútbol de 2006


El Naturino-Sapore di Mare (código UCI: NSM), fue un equipo ciclista suizo-italiano profesional. La formación desapareció en 2007 tras una progresivo descenso de buenos resultados, ya con el nombre de Aurum Hotels.

Historia del equipo
El equipo se creó en el 2005 con varios de los descartes del Domina Vacance ya que este se fusionó con el De Nardi de cara a obtener una licencia UCI ProTeam y le sobraron varios corredores y directores. Así este nuevo equipo se hizo con los ex-Domina Valerio Agnoli, Alexandre Bazhenov, Mariano De Fino, Gian-Matteo Fagnini, Francesco Failli, Murilo Fischer, Alessio Galleti, Massimiliano Gentili, Massimo Ianneti, Sergio Marinangeli, Massimiliano Mori, Andris Nauduzs y Filippo Simeoni (15 de los 27 ciclistas de ese equipo) y Vincenzino Santoni, Giuseppe Petito, Antonio Salutini y Fabio Becherini (4 de los 5 directores deportivos de ese equipo). Además, destacó el fichaje mediático del veterano Francesco Casagrande de cara a obtener invitaciones en carreras de importancia.

2005
Esa primera temporada corrieron con licencia suiza encuadradó en la categoría Profesional Continental (2ª) y fue la más exitosa del equipo obteniendo 16 victorias, 8 de ellas por Murilo Fischer que ganó el recién estrenado UCI Europe Tour. También destacó al inicio de la temporada Andris Nauduzs con 2 victorias en el Circuito de Lorena, más otros puestos de honor.

Fischer ganó dicha competición en el último mes de carreras puntuables tras vencer al sprint 4 prestigiosas clásicas italianas: G. P. Industria y Comercio de Prato, Memorial Cimurri, G. P. Bruno Beghelli y Giro del Piemonte. Y acumular varios cuartos puestos otras pruebas de similares característas e igualmente puntuables para el UCI Europe Tour: Gran Premio Ciudad de Misano Adriático y Coppa Sabatini. Consiguiendo en menos de un mes 420 puntos de los 748 que finalmente obtuvo. Además fue 5º en Campeonato del Mundo en Ruta.

2006
La segunda temporada del equipo fue mucho más discreta con solo dos victorias a cargo de Eddy Ratti en una etapa de la Settimana Lombarda y de Sergio Marinangeli en el G. P. Bruno Beghelli. Su estrella Murilo Fischer no pudo destacar y solo obtuvo tres terceros puestos en dos etapas de la Settimana Coppi e Bartali y una etapa de la Vuelta a Baviera.

A ello sumado la no continuidad de sus patrocinadores principales provocaron el descenso de categoría a la Continental (última categoría del profesionalismo).

2007: Aurum Hotels nuevo patrocinador
De cara al 2007 entró Aurum Hotels como patrocinador principal manteniendo el bloque de la temporada anterior, aunque ya sin Fisher que marchó al Liquigas, y solo con la incorporación del neoprofesional Marco Fabbri. Debido al bajo presupuesto solo participaron en pruebas europeas, principalmente en Italia, y al igual que su anterior temporada obtuvieron una discreta temporada con solo dos victorias de Luca Ascani en el Giro de los Abruzzos.

Debido a problemas económicos el equipo fue suspendido el 12 de julio por la Federación Italiana de Ciclismo desapareciendo como equipo de todas las clasificaciones.

Corredor mejor clasificado en las Grandes Vueltas

Material ciclista
El equipo utilizó durante sus dos primeros años bicicletas SAB y durante su última temporada Cervélo.

Sede
El equipo tuvo su sede en 2005 en Lugano (Suiza): Via alla Campagna, 2a CH-6904; y en Porto Sant'Elpidio (Italia): Blue Sea Service SRL (Via Milano 145, 63018).

Clasificaciones UCI
A partir de 2005 la UCI instauró los Circuitos Continentales UCI, donde el equipo estuvo desde que se creó dicha categoría ya que este se creó en dicho año, registrado dentro del UCI Europe Tour. Estando en las clasificaciones del UCI Europe Tour Ranking, UCI America Tour Ranking y UCI Asia Tour Ranking. Las clasificaciones del equipo y de su ciclista más destacado fueron las siguientes:

Palmarés
Para años anteriores, véase Palmarés del Naturino-Sapore di Mare

Palmarés 2007

Circuitos Continentales UCI

Plantilla
Para años anteriores, véase Plantillas del Naturino-Sapore di Mare

Plantilla 2007

Notas y referencias

Naturino-Sapore di Mare
Naturino-Sapore di Mare
Naturino-Sapore di Mare

Naturino-Sapore di Mare


ويستلاك فيلاج  هي إحدى مدن مقاطعة لوس أنجليس، كاليفورنيا. تم إعطاءها لقب مدينة في 11 ديسمبر، 1981.

التركيبة السكانية
حدّد مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بيانات التركيبة السكانية لويستلاك فيلاج في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.

تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان ويستلاك فيلاج 8,368 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 3,270 أسرة وعدد العائلات 2,492 عائلة مقيمة في القرية. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 3,347 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للقرية بنسبة 89.70% من البيض و0.82% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.13% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و6.08% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.07% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و1.02% من الأعراق الأخرى و2.17% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و4.61% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 3,270 أسرة كانت نسبة 33.5% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 65.8% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 8% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 2.4% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 23.8% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 19.3% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 7.9% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.56، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 2.93.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 44.6 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 23.8% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 3.9% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 23.1% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 31.9% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 17.3% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 92.6 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 89.5 ذكر.

بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في القرية 94,571 دولارًا، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 109,310 دولارًا. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 88,179 دولارًا مقابل 38,568 دولارًا للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالقرية 49,596 دولارًا. وكانت نسبة 2.5% من العائلات ونسبة 2.5% من السكان تحت خط الفقر، وكان من هؤلاء نسبة 1.6% تحت سن الثامنة عشر ونسبة 2.8% في الخامسة والستين من العمر وما فوق.

تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان ويستلاك فيلاج 8,270 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 3,262 أسرة وعدد العائلات 2,396 عائلة مقيمة في القرية. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 3,384 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للقرية بنسبة 88.59% من البيض و1.19% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.15% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و5.93% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.16% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و1.38% من الأعراق الأخرى و2.62% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و6.44% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 3,262 أسرة كانت نسبة 29.8% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 60.9% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 9% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 3.6% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 26.5% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 21.8% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 11.5% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.50، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 2.92.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 48.7 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 21% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 5.8% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 16.7% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 35.3% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 21.2% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 48.7% ذكور و51.3% إناث.

أعلام

 شون فليمينغ
 ألين فيرغسون
 هارولد د. شوستر
 ديفيد أندرسون
 مايكل ويلسون
 باتريسيا نوريس
 أوليغ فيدوف
 جوناثان لبنيكي
 دارين دون
 جوردن بالمر

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1981
أماكن مأهولة بالسكان في جبال سانتا مونيكا
مدن كاليفورنيا
مدن لوس أنجلوس (كاليفورنيا)
تأسيسات سنة 1981 في كاليفورنيا
وادي كونهو
مدن مخططة في الولايات المتحدة

ويستلاك فيلاج (كاليفورنيا)


Franciszek Pułaski (mort le  à Lesko) est un capitaine de la Confédération de Bar de Przemyśl.

Biographie
Fils de Jan Pułaski et de Justyna du clan , cousin de Kazimierz Pułaski et de Franciszek Ksawery Pułaski, il est blessé le  près de Hoszów, lors d'une escarmouche avec les Moscovites. Il meurt des suites de ses blessures le  au . Il est enterré dans la chapelle Saint-Antoine de l'.

Hommage
Cent ans après sa mort, en 1869, une épitaphe en marbre est apposée dans l'église où repose Franciszek Pułaski. Une deuxième épitaphe est présente dans le vestibule.

Galerie

Voir aussi

Références

Confédéré de Bar
Décès en août 1769
Militaire polonais du XVIIIe siècle
Militaire polonais mort au combat

Franciszek Pułaski


The Forest Recreation Ground is an open space and recreation ground in Nottingham, England, approximately one mile north of the city centre. This urban space is bounded by the neighbourhoods of Forest Fields to the north, Mapperley Park to the east, Arboretum to the south and Hyson Green to the west. It is best known as the site of the city's famous annual Goose Fair.

History

The name "Forest" derives comes from the Middle Ages when the land that is now a recreation ground was part of the Sherwood Forest that once extended from the city of Nottingham to the north of Nottinghamshire. The site was the southernmost part of Sherwood Forest and was part of the open area known formerly as "The Lings" which, largely covered by gorse and scrub, extended into the parishes of Lenton, Radford and Basford.

The site of the Forest was one of the original areas to be protected in perpetuity by the 1845 Nottingham Inclosure Act, which set aside some  of Sherwood Forest for public recreational use. In commemoration, the Mayor of Nottingham planted the "Inclosure Oak" which can still be seen at the Mansfield Road entrance to the Forest. Joseph Paxton, a leading gardener and architect of the nineteenth century, was responsible for the criss-cross formation of walkways.

For over 300 years the Forest has been home to sport, including horse racing, cricket and football. It was home to Nottingham Racecourse by 1773, and it remained there until it moved to its current location at Colwick, south east of Nottingham, at the end of the 19th century. Nottingham Forest Football Club first played their games on the Forest after their formation in 1865, hence the club's name.

Standing at the Mansfield Road entrance is Forest Lodge, built in 1857. This Grade II listed building was originally used as a Police or Keeper's Lodge and a police cell can still be seen at basement level. A red granite monument stands at the Monument Gate on Forest Road East, commemorating the fallen of the Boer War.

By comparison with its sporting heritage, the use of the Forest for the city's traditional Goose Fair is relatively recent. The fair has existed since at least 1541, but it only moved to the Forest in 1928, from its previous long term home in the city's Old Market Square.

Cultural events

The city's Goose Fair is held on the Forest in October of every year. Other smaller travelling fairs and circuses take place on the recreation ground throughout the year, usually coinciding with local school holidays.

Sports and recreation
The Forest Recreation Ground boasts floodlit hard surface courts and grass pitches for ball games, and a traditional bowling lawn. There is also an enclosed children's playground. These facilities are maintained by Nottingham City Council.

Parkrun
A parkrun is run at the grounds each week.

Flora and fauna

The Forest Recreation Ground supports many important habitats and species. Mature trees include turkey oak, English elm, English oak, sessile oak, rowan, silver birch, common lime and horse chestnut. Additionally, there have been more recent plantings of London plane, beech, various maples and silver lime. Perennials include autumn crocus, spring crocus, bluebell, ramsons, primrose, wild privet, hazel and guelder rose.

Certain parts of the Forest play host to relic meadow flora such as meadow foxtail, short-stemmed meadow-grass, Yorkshire fog, red clover, white clover, oxeye daisy, germander speedwell and meadow saxifrage.

With such an abundance of habitat, the Forest attracts many birds such as nuthatches, treecreepers, mistle thrushes, tawny owls, song thrushes, great spotted woodpeckers and chaffinches.

The caves of the Rock Cemetery are a Geological County Wildlife Site. The thin turf here supports early and silver hairgrass, harebells, bird's-foot trefoil and spiked sedge. Conspicuous insects include the holly blue, hornets and cockchafer beetles.

Public transport
The Forest is home to a park-and-ride site, with spaces for more than 950 cars. Nottingham Express Transit's Forest tram stop is adjacent to the car park, and provides frequent services to and from the city centre and other city locations.

Restoration of the Forest
As with much urban parkland, the Forest has been threatened by development.  Proposals for a recreation centre, to be built on the eastern fringes of the Forest, were rejected following public opposition to loss of green space.  However, mature trees and greenery at the northwest corner of the ground have been cut down to provide 989 parking spaces for the Park & Ride that serves the "Forest" stop for Nottingham Express Transit.

As at summer 2008, the Forest was the subject of a public consultation to decide on regeneration priorities, to be funded by an expected Heritage Lottery Fund award. For the last four years, Nottingham City Council and Nottingham's Partnership Council have worked on plans to restore the parkland to its former glory and to better serve the needs of today's park users. The project is also backed by the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) and by local organisations such as Friends of the Forest.

The Forest's £5.2 million restoration project was completed during September 2013. The project encompassed: the restoration and refurbishment of the lodge (now office space) and the pavilion (which now houses a new café, public toilets and office space); the reparation and improvement of footpaths; replacement of park benches, improvements to access to sporting facilities; the amelioration of lighting and security; the expansion of planting areas; and the creation of higher-quality activity areas for young people. Additionally, railings were erected, for example the new green-coloured metal fences next to the bus stop near the Forest's Mansfield Road entrance, as well as the custom panelled columns. In design, these railings are very similar to the historic ones nearby.

The final phase of the Forest project created a sports zone with new sports pitches and changing rooms, paid for by the Premier League, the Football Association and Sport England. Work started on the sports zone in November 2014 and completed on 28 October 2015 with an opening event and the unveiling of a plaque in memory of local community activist Jim Taylor who was a driving force behind the project.

Friends of the Forest
'Friends of the Forest' is a not-for-profit organisation, funded by donations and public subscription. It supports efforts to maintain the Forest as an accessible, open, green space which has historic importance for the City of Nottingham. Friends of the Forest has worked with Nottingham City Council to prioritise refurbishment and replanting, and to organise voluntary activities that benefit the Forest and increase local awareness of green issues.

References

External links

Forest Recreation Ground - Nottingham City Council
Inside the Rock Cemetery
Nottingham City Council
Map of Forest Recreation Ground
Nottingham Express Transit
Nottingham Partnership Council

1845 establishments in England
Protected areas established in 1845
Nottingham
Nottingham Forest F.C.
Parks and open spaces in Nottinghamshire
Defunct football venues in England
Sherwood Forest

Forest Recreation Ground


Jam Films and its sequels are collections of short films, each by a different Japanese director.

Jam Films
Jam Films is a 2002 suite of 7 shorts produced by Sega/Amuse (various production companies participated in the production of the films, e.g. Rockwell Eyes in "Arita Featuring Spencer A. Weezy").

The opening credits sequence for the collection was directed by Hanada Daizaburo.

 "The Messenger -弔いは夜の果てで-" (Requiem for the Dead) - directed by Ryuhei Kitamura
 "けん玉" (Kendama) - directed by Tetsuo Shinohara
 "コールドスリープ" (Cold Sleep) - directed by George Iida
 "Pandora - Hong Kong Leg" - directed by Mochizuki Rokuro
 "Hijiki" - directed by Tsutsumi Yukihiko
 "Justice" - directed by Isao Yukisada
 "Arita" - directed by Shunji Iwai

Jam Films 2
Jam Films 2 is the 2003 sequel containing four shorts by different directors.  Jam Films 2 is only available as a Region 2 or Region 3 DVD.

 "机上の空論" (Kijo no Kuron) directed by Junji Kojima (小島淳二)
 "Clean Room" directed by Eiki Takahashi (高橋栄樹)
 "Hoops Men Soul" directed by Hidenori Inoue (井上秀憲)
 "Fastener" directed by Kouki Tange (丹下絋希)

"Kijou no Kuron" or "Armchair Theory" is a satirical instructional film for how to woo a Japanese woman.  Kojima followed this concept with a series of short films under the title "The Japanese Tradition" (日本の形).  "Sushi", "Sumo", "Golf", "Geisha", "Apologizing", "Tea" and "Chopsticks" all follow the satirical plot of taking a Japanese custom and often twisting or exaggerating its components or meanings into something meaningless or comedic. Both short film series feature Jin Katagiri (片桐 仁) and Kentarō Kobayashi (小林 賢太郎), a Japanese comedy duo collectively knows as Rahmens (ラーメンズ) who often are a part of scriptwriting and production.

Jam Films S
Jam Films S is a 2005 collection of shorts with the theme of the letter "S".

 "Tuesday"
 "HEAVEN SENT"
 "ブラウス" (Blouse)
 "NEW HORIZON"
 "すべり台" (Suberidai)
 "α" (Alpha)
 "スーツ -suit-"

External links
Jam Films (in Japanese)

「日本の形 - 鮨」のまとめ:"Documentary on Japanese Sushi" Chronology

Japanese short films
Films directed by Shunji Iwai
Films directed by Yukihiko Tsutsumi
2000s Japanese films

Jam Films


Live on Brighton Beach is a live album by British big beat musician Fatboy Slim, released on 25 February 2002. It is a recording of 7th July 2001 performance on Brighton Beach, England.

It reached number 19 in the UK Compilation Chart.

Track listing

Charts

References

Fatboy Slim albums
Music in Brighton and Hove
2002 live albums

Live on Brighton Beach


Agnès Sorel (1422 -9 de febrero de 1450) fue la amante favorita del rey Carlos VII de Francia, con quien tuvo tres hijas. Es considerada la primera amante real reconocida de manera oficial.

Célebre por su extraordinaria belleza, su figura ha dado origen a numerosas manifestaciones artísticas a lo largo de los siglos, entre las que destaca la célebre La virgen con el niño de Jean Fouquet.

Vida en la corte real
Hija del soldado Jean Soreau y de Catherine de Maignelais, Sorel tenía veinte años de edad cuando fue presentada por primera vez al rey Carlos. En ese momento, ocupaba una posición en la residencia de Renato I de Nápoles, como dama de compañía de su consorte Isabel de Lorena. Más tarde, comenzó a servir a María de Anjou, la esposa de CarlosVII, de quien se convertiría en amante poco tiempo después. El rey le dio el Castillo de Loches (donde Juana de Arco lo había convencido de coronarse rey de Francia) para que fuera su residencia privada.

Poco tiempo después, se requirió su presencia en Chinon, donde al parecer su compañía había sacado al rey de una profunda depresión. Tenía una gran influencia sobre el monarca, que, sumada a sus gustos extravagantes, le valió varios enemigos poderosos en la corte. Sorel se convirtió en la primera amante real reconocida de manera oficial.

Muerte sospechosa

Agnès dio a luz a tres hijas del rey: María de Francia, Carlota de Francia y Juana de Francia (el hijo de Carlota, Luis de Brézé, se casaría con Diana de Poitiers, otra notable amante real). Cuando estaba embarazada de su cuarto hijo, salió de Chinon en pleno invierno para reunirse con Carlos en la campaña de 1450 en Jumièges, para servirle como apoyo moral. Allí, enfermó de repente y falleció, a los veintiocho años de edad. Aunque al principio se creyó que la causa de la muerte fue disentería, los científicos comprobaron que murió por envenenamiento por mercurio, posiblemente víctima de asesinato, aunque el mercurio también se usaba para matar gusanos. Fue enterrada en la Iglesia de St.Ours, en Loches.

El hijo de Carlos, el futuro reyLuisXI, había estado en rebelión pública contra su padre durante cuatro años. Se ha especulado que él fue el envenenador de Agnès, para deshacerse de lo que consideraba una gran influencia sobre el rey. También se ha especulado con que el financista francés, noble y ministro Jacques Cœur fue el envenenador, aunque esta teoría ha sido muy desacreditada y considerada un intento de expulsar a Coeur de la corte francesa. En 2005, el científico forense francés Philippe Charlier examinó los restos de Sorel y determinó la causa de muerte como envenenamiento por mercurio, pero no dio opiniones sobre cómo fue asesinada. El mercurio se usaba en ocasiones en preparaciones cosméticas, por lo que ese pudo haber sido el medio para el asesinato.

Su prima, Antonieta de Maignelais, tomó su lugar como amante del rey después de su muerte.

Legado
Sorel es uno de los personajes principales en el poema La Pucelle, de Voltaire. También es el sujeto de dos óperas rusas de fines del , junto con Carlos VII: La doncella de Orleans, de Piotr Ilich Chaikovski, y The Saracen de César Cui. Es una de las mujeres representadas en el trabajo artístico The Dinner Party, de Judy Chicago, que incluye 999 nombres de mujeres notables de la historia. Dos prendas de ropa usan el nombre Sorel: el corsé Agnes Sorel, el corsage Sorel y un estilo de moda también nombrado por ella, el estilo Agnes Sorel, que se usa para describir una forma de vestir «de princesa».

También tiene un destacado papel en la novela El tesorero del rey del escritor y periodista canadiense Thomas Bertram Costain (The Moneyman, 1947. Traducción española editada en 1948 por Luis de Caralt).

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Autheman, Marc, Agnès Sorel: l'inspiratrice. (2008). ISBN 978-2-84114-952-0.
 Desmondes, Tim. Agnes Sorel: The Breast And Crotch That Changed History. Austin: The Nazca Plains Corporation (2009). ISBN 1-934625-71-X.
 Duquesne, Vie et Aventures galantes de la belle Sorel. París (1909).
 Goldsmid, Edmund. A King's Mistress: Or, Charles Vii. & Agnes Sorel and Chivalry in the Xv. Century, Volumes 1-2. Charleston: Nabu Press (2010). ISBN 1-146-95205-8.

Enlaces externos

Damas de compañía
Casa de Valois
Francesas del siglo XV
Amantes de los reyes de Francia

Agnès Sorel


Næstformænd for de britiske konservative. De britiske konservative har en politisk næstformand (Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party) og en organisatorisk næstformand (Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party).

Organisatoriske næstformænd
De organisatoriske næstformænd (Deputy Chair of the Conservative Party) er stedfortrædere for de konservative organisatoriske formænd og partisekretærer.

Organisatoriske næstformænd:
 1979–1983: Lord McAlpine (1942 – 2014)
 December 2005–4. september 2010  Michael Ashcroft, baron  Ashcroft
 4. september 2010– 4. september 2012: Michael Fallon
 10. september 2012–11. maj 2015: Sarah Newton
 11. maj 2015–17. juli 2016: Robert Halfon

Politiske næstformænd
De politiske næstformænd (Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party) er stedfortrædere for de britiske konservative partiledere.

Der er ikke noget krav om, at partiet har en politisk næstformand, og posten har stået tom i perioder.

Politiske næstformænd:
 1945–1955: Anthony Eden
 1955–1963: Rab Butler
 1965–1972: Reginald Maudling
 1975–1989: William Whitelaw
 1989–1990: Sir Geoffrey Howe
 1995–1997: Michael Heseltine
 1998–1999: Peter Lilley
 2000–2001: Michael Portillo
 2001–2005: Michael Ancram
 2005–2009: George Osborne (1. gang)
 2005–2015: William Hague
 2015–2016: George Osborne (2. gang)
 2017: Damian Green
 2018–19: David Lidington
 2019–: Dominic Raab


John Alec Entwistle (9. október 1944- 27. júní 2002) var enskur bassaleikari í hljómsveitinni The Who (1964-1983). Hann var sá eini í hljómsveitinni sem hlaut formlega tónlistarkennslu. Þegar hann var yngri var hann í lúðrasveit og spilaði þar á horn áður enn hann fékk bassa.

Viðurnefni Entwistle voru m.a. "The Ox"  (uxinn) vegna matarlystar hans og "Thunderfingers"  vegna hraðs spils á bassann.

Enskir bassaleikarar

John Entwistle


The Ramesseum is the memorial temple (or mortuary temple) of Pharaoh Ramesses II ("Ramesses the Great", also spelled "Ramses" and "Rameses"). It is located in the Theban Necropolis in Upper Egypt, on the west of the River Nile, across from the modern city of Luxor. The name – or at least its French form Rhamesséion – was coined by Jean-François Champollion, who visited the ruins of the site in 1829 and first identified the hieroglyphs making up Ramesses's names and titles on the walls. It was originally called the House of millions of years of Usermaatra-setepenra that unites with Thebes-the-city in the domain of Amon.   Usermaatra-setepenra was the prenomen of Ramesses II.

History
Ramesses II modified, usurped, or constructed many buildings from the ground up, and the most splendid of these, in accordance with New Kingdom royal burial practices, would have been his memorial temple: a place of worship dedicated to pharaoh, god on earth, where his memory would have been kept alive after his death. Surviving records indicate that work on the project began shortly after the start of his reign and continued for 20 years.

The design of Ramesses's mortuary temple adheres to the standard canons of New Kingdom temple architecture. Oriented northwest and southeast, the temple itself comprised two stone pylons (gateways, some 60 m wide), one after the other, each leading into a courtyard. Beyond the second courtyard, at the centre of the complex, was a covered 48-column hypostyle hall, surrounding the inner sanctuary. An enormous pylon stood before the first court, with the royal palace at the left and the gigantic statue of the king looming up at the back. As was customary, the pylons and outer walls were decorated with scenes commemorating the pharaoh's military victories and leaving due record of his dedication to, and kinship with, the gods. In Ramesses's case, much importance is placed on the Battle of Kadesh (ca. 1274 BC); more intriguingly, however, one block atop the first pylon records his pillaging, in the eighth year of his reign, a city called "Shalem", which may or may not have been Jerusalem. The scenes of the great pharaoh and his army triumphing over the Hittite forces fleeing before Kadesh, as portrayed in the canons of the "epic poem of Pentaur", can still be seen on the pylon.

Only fragments of the base and torso remain of the syenite statue of the enthroned pharaoh,  high and weighing more than 1000 tons. This was alleged to have been transported  over land. This is the largest remaining colossal statue (except statues done in situ) in the world. However, fragments of four granite colossi of Ramesses were found in Tanis (northern Egypt) with an estimated height of 69 to 92 feet (21 to 28 meters). Like four of the six colossi of Amenhotep III (Colossi of Memnon), there are no longer complete remains, so the heights are based on unconfirmed estimates.

Remains of the second court include part of the internal façade of the pylon and a portion of the Osiride portico on the right. Scenes of war and the rout of the Hittites at Kadesh are repeated on the walls. In the upper registers, are shown a feast in honour of the phallic god Min, god of fertility. On the opposite side of the court the few Osiride pillars and columns still left furnish an idea of the original grandeur. Scattered remains of the two statues of the seated king which once flanked the entrance to the temple can also be seen, one in pink granite and the other in black granite. The head of one of these has been removed to the British Museum. Thirty-nine out of the forty-eight columns in the great hypostyle hall (41 x 31 m) still stand in the central rows. They are decorated with the usual scenes of the king before various gods. Part of the ceiling, decorated with gold stars on a blue, ground has also been preserved. The sons and daughters of Ramesses appear in the procession on the few walls left. The sanctuary was composed of three consecutive rooms, with eight columns and the tetrastyle cell. Part of the first room, with the ceiling decorated with astral scenes, and a few remains of the second room are all that is left.

Adjacent to the north of the hypostyle hall was a smaller temple; this was dedicated to Ramesses's mother, Tuya, and to his beloved chief wife, Nefertari. To the south of the first courtyard stood the temple palace. The complex was surrounded by various storerooms, granaries, workshops, and other ancillary buildings, some built as late as Roman times.

A temple of Seti I, of which nothing is now left but the foundations, once stood to the right of the hypostyle hall. It consisted of a peristyle court with two chapel shrines. The entire complex was surrounded by mudbrick walls which started at the gigantic southeast pylon.

A cache of papyri and ostraca dating back to the Third Intermediate Period (11th to 8th centuries BC) indicates that the temple was also the site of an important scribal school.

The site was in use before Ramesses had the first stone put in place: beneath the hypostyle hall, modern archaeologists have found a shaft tomb from the Middle Kingdom, yielding a rich hoard of religious and funerary artefacts.

Remains

Unlike the massive stone temples that Ramesses ordered carved from the face of the Nubian mountains at Abu Simbel, the inexorable passage of three millennia was not kind to his "temple of a million years" at Thebes. This was mostly due to its location on the very edge of the Nile floodplain, with the annual inundation gradually undermining the foundations of this temple and its neighbours. Neglect and the arrival of new faiths also took their toll: for example, in the early years of the Christian Era, the temple was put into service as a Christian church.

This is all standard fare for a temple of its kind built at that time. Leaving aside the escalation of scale – whereby each successive New Kingdom pharaoh strove to outdo his predecessors in volume and scope – the Ramesseum is largely cast in the same mould as the ruined temple of Amenhotep III that stood behind the "Colossi of Memnon" a kilometre or so away, and Ramesses III's Medinet Habu which closely followed the plan of the Ramesseum. Instead, the significance that the Ramesseum enjoys today owes more to the time and manner of its rediscovery by Europeans.

The Ramesseum king list is a minor list of kings which still remain in situ on the few remains of the second pylon.

Excavation and studies

The origins of modern Egyptology can be traced to the arrival in Egypt of Napoleon Bonaparte in the summer of 1798.
While undeniably an invasion by an alien imperialist power, this was nonetheless an invasion of its times, informed by Enlightenment ideas: alongside Napoleon's troops went men of science, the same whose toil under the desert sun would later yield the seminal 23-volume Description de l'Égypte. Two French engineers, Jean-Baptiste Prosper Jollois and Édouard de Villiers du Terrage, were assigned to study the Ramesseum site, and it was with much fanfare that they identified it with the "Tomb of Ozymandias" or "Palace of Memnon" of which Diodorus of Sicily had written in the 1st century BC.

The next visitor of note was Giovanni Belzoni, a showman and engineer of Italian origin and, latterly, an archaeologist and antiques dealer. Belzoni's travels took him in 1815 to Cairo, where he sold Mehemet Ali a hydraulic engine of his own invention. There he met British Consul General Henry Salt, who hired his services to collect from the temple in Thebes the so-called 'Younger Memnon', one of two colossal granite heads depicting Ramesses II, and transport it to England. Thanks to Belzoni's hydraulics and his skill as an engineer (Napoleon's men had failed in the same endeavour a decade or so earlier), the 7-ton stone head arrived in London in 1818, where it was dubbed "The Younger Memnon" and, some years later, given pride of place in the British Museum.

It was against the backdrop of intense excitement surrounding the statue's arrival, and having heard wondrous tales of other, less transportable treasures still in the desert, that the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley penned his sonnet "Ozymandias". In particular, one massive fallen statue at the Ramesseum is now inextricably linked with Shelley, because of the cartouche on its shoulder bearing Ramesses's throne name, User-maat-re Setep-en-re, the first part of which Diodorus transliterated into Greek as "Ozymandias".
While Shelley's "vast and trunkless legs of stone" owe more to poetic license than to archaeology, the "half sunk... shattered visage" lying on the sand is an accurate description of part of the wrecked statue. The hands, and the feet, lie nearby. Were it still standing, the Ozymandias colossus would tower 19 m (62 ft) above the ground, rivalling the Colossi of Memnon and the statues of Ramesses carved into the mountain at Abu Simbel.

A joint French-Egyptian team has been exploring and restoring the Ramesseum and its environs since 1991.
Among their discoveries during excavations include kitchens, bakeries and supply rooms for the temple to the south, and a school where boys were taught to be scribes to the southeast. Some of the challenges in preserving the area have been the control of modern Egyptian farmers using the area for farming and encroaching on the ruins.

Gallery

See also
 Ramesseum magician's box
 List of largest monoliths in the world

References

External links

 University College London: Plan of the Ramesseum site
 Ramesseum Digital Media Archive (photos, laser scans, panoramas), data from an Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities/CyArk research partnership
 The Younger Memnon (British Museum)
 Ozymandias (Shelley)
 Ramesseum picture gallery at Remains.se
 1830 drawing by Charles Franklin Head, at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

Buildings and structures completed in the 13th century BC
Open-air museums in Egypt
Theban Necropolis
Ramesses II

Ramesseum


Mariana da Santíssima Trindade ou segundo seu nome de batismo Mariana Allsopp González-Manrique (Tepic, 24 de novembro de 1854 – Madrid, 15 de março de 1933) foi uma religiosa católica mexicana cofundadora, com o sacerdote Francisco de Asís Méndez Casariego, da congregação chamada Irmãs da Santíssima Trindade.

Biografia

Infância e família
Mariana Allsopp nasceu em Tepic, México, de pai inglês e de mãe espanhola, no seio de uma família abastada. Seu pai exercia a carreira diplomática. Ficou órfã de mãe em 1862, com apenas oito anos de idade. Junto com seus quatro irmãos ficou sob os cuidados de uma babá, até que em 1864 seu pai decide enviá-los à Espanha, deixando-os sob os cuidados da família materna de Mariana.<ref>Cf. José Hernández Sánchez, Espigando el patrimonio trinitario, Roma 2001, p. 524.</ref>

Mariana, quando pequena, foi educada no Colégio de Santa Isabel la Real, onde conheceu um ambiente típico das cortes europeias. Ainda assim Mariana, já desde muito pequena, sente o chamado a fazer obras de caridade pelos mais necessitados e era aficionada a leitura de livros de piedade. O que deixou nela o desejo de uma consagração mais profunda a Deus.

 Encontro com o venerável Francisco Méndez
Em 1882 conhece o venerável Francisco de Asís Méndez Casariego, cônego de Madri, que tinha entre seus objetivos a fundação de uma comunidade religiosa feminina para acolher as "jovens desencaminhadas". Mariana sentiu que esta era precisamente a vocação à qual se sentia chamada. Os dois idealizaram juntos um projeto que se concretizou em 2 de fevereiro de 1885, na Igreja da Encarnação, com a fundação do Instituto das Irmãs da Santíssima Trindade, cujos estatutos foram aprovados pelo bispo de Madri em 1888.

A missão primordial do novo instituto religioso, à qual Mariana se entregou por completo, era a defesa das mulheres objeto das redes de prostituição, ajudando-as a escapar e acolhendo-as em suas próprias casas, nas quais mantinham sempre as portas abertas, de tal modo que quem quisesse buscar refúgio nelas não encontrasse obstáculo algum. Ação louvada e citada pelo Papa Francisco em sua mensagem ao Ministro geral dos Trinitários de 17 de dezembro de 2013: Esse é o interesse de Cristo, e por isso as casas de vossa Família têm a «porta sempre aberta» para a acolhida fraterna (Diretório primitivo das Irmãs Trinitárias 2, cf. Evangelii gaudium, 46).

 Consolidação e expansão do Instituto
A primeira casa da fundação foi a da Rua Obelisco, nos arredores de Madri, onde instalaram uma oficina na qual ensinavam a passar, costurar e bordar, para ter ocupadas as jovens acolhidas. Logo, pela grande quantidade de interessadas, a casa ficou pequena. Apesar das dificuldades que as irmãs tiveram por causa das rusgas com os vizinhos que não estavam de acordo com seu estilo de vida, Mariana e suas primeiras companheiras tomam o hábito em 18 de março de 1888. A partir desta ocasião será conhecida como irmã Mariana da Santíssima Trindade.

Em 26 de março de 1907, com setenta e três Irmãs Trinitárias, Mariana faz sua profissão perpétua e começa uma explosão de novas fundações que levarão as irmãs a atravessar o oceano chegando à Argentina e ao México, terra natal da cofundadora. Durante o recrudescimento antirreligioso que se deu primeiro no México e depois na Espanha, a religiosa confortou suas filhas espirituais, mediante correspondência, animando-as a não deixar por nada o trabalho ao qual haviam se consagrado.

 Falecimento
Em 15 de março de 1933, após um árduo trabalho de fundação de novas casas e animação de suas irmãs, morreu madre Mariana. Seus restos descansam junto aos do venerável Francisco de Asís Méndez na capela da casa mãe da congregação.

 Processo de beatificação
O processo diocesano de beatificação foi aberto em 1998, encerrando-se no ano 2000. Agora está nas mãos da Santa Sé. Em 21 de maio de 2022, o Papa Francisco aprovou a declaração do Venerável, demonstrando a heroicidade de suas virtudes.

 Ver também
 Ordem da Santíssima Trindade

 Bibliografia
 BARRIOS MONEO, Alberto, Quién es mi prójimo. Francisco de Asís Méndez Casariego..., Madrid, Hermanas Trinitarias, 1981.
 HERNÁNDEZ SÁNCHEZ, José, Espigando el patrimonio trinitario, Roma, 2001. ISBN 88-900340-2-5.
 MARCOS, Celina, «Sierva de Dios Mariana de la Santísima Trinidad», en: Meditaciones Trinitarias, Roma, 2003, pp. 56-59.
 PEREDA, Vicente, Sor Mariana, Fundadora de la Congregación de Hermanas Trinitarias, Madrid, sn, 1958.
 VIZCARGÜENAGA ARRIORTÚA, Ignacio, Carisma y misión de la Orden Trinitaria'', Salamanca, Secretariado Trinitario, 2011. ISBN 978-84-96488-47-2.

Ligações externas

  Archivos sobre madre Mariana Allsopp

Naturais de Tepic
Veneravéis
Mulheres do século XIX
Mulheres do século XX

Mariana Allsopp González-Manrique