Richard Michael "Rik" Mayall (* 7. März 1958 in Harlow, Essex; † 9. Juni 2014 in London) war ein britischer Komiker, Autor und Schauspieler. Er wurde international bekannt durch seine Auftritte in der Blackadder-Serie mit Rowan Atkinson und den Spielfilm Mein böser Freund Fred. In seiner britischen Heimat war er populär durch die Fernsehserien The Young Ones und The New Statesman. Gemeinsam mit seinem Partner Ade Edmondson war er einer der Pioniere der alternativen britischen Comedy in den frühen 1980er Jahren.

Leben
Mayall war das zweite von vier Kindern von John und Gillian Mayall. Im Alter von drei Jahren zog er mit seinen Eltern, die als Schauspiellehrer arbeiteten, nach Droitwich Spa in Worcestershire, wo er den Rest seiner Kindheit verbrachte und in den Stücken seiner Eltern auftrat. Nach dem Schulabschluss ging Mayall 1976 an die Victoria University in Manchester, um Schauspiel zu studieren. Dort freundete er sich mit seinem späteren Partner Adrian "Ade" Edmondson an. Zu dieser Zeit lernte Mayall auch Ben Elton und Lise Mayer kennen, mit denen er später für die Fernsehserie The Young Ones zusammenarbeitete.

Mayall und Edmondson hatten 1980 erste Erfolge im Comedy Store, einem Komikerclub in Soho, London. Mit anderen aufstrebenden Komikern wie Alexei Sayle, Nigel Planer, Peter Richardson, Dawn French und Jennifer Saunders gründeten sie ihren eigenen Club namens The Comic Strip.

1982 bis 1984 drehte Mayall die erfolgreiche Serie The Young Ones für die BBC, in der er den Möchtegern-Anarchisten Rik verkörperte. Allseits bekannt wurde Mayall durch die Sendung Saturday Live, die dem US-amerikanischen Saturday Night Live nachempfunden war. Außerdem erlangte er Aufmerksamkeit durch seine Darstellung des Flashheart in Blackadder und seine Rolle als windiger Tory-Abgeordneter der Thatcher-Ära in The New Statesman. 1991 spielte er in dem Film  Mein böser Freund Fred mit Phoebe Cates.

Mayall starb am 9. Juni 2014 im Alter von 56 Jahren nach einem schweren Herzanfall. Er hinterließ seine Frau Barbara, mit der er seit 1985 verheiratet war, und die drei gemeinsamen Kinder.

Der Schauspieler hatte im Vorfeld der Fußballweltmeisterschaft 2010 die Single Noble England aufgenommen, in der er aus dem Shakespeare-Drama Heinrich V. zitierte. In den Charts blieb sie jedoch erfolglos. Sein Tod ereignete sich kurz vor Beginn der Fußballweltmeisterschaft 2014, woraufhin eine Internetkampagne gestartet wurde, um den Titel posthum in die Charts zu bringen. Am 21. Juni stieg das Lied auf Platz 7 der UK-Charts ein.

Filmografie (Auswahl)

Weblinks

 Rik Mayall bei filmreference.com

Einzelnachweise

Komiker
Filmschauspieler
Kinderdarsteller
Darstellender Künstler (London)
Pseudonym
Brite
Geboren 1958
Gestorben 2014
Mann

Rik Mayall


(4477) Kelley ist ein Hauptgürtelasteroid, der am 28. September 1983 am Nazionalna astronomitscheska obserwatorija – Roschen entdeckt wurde.

Der Asteroid wurde am 12. Juli 2014 nach dem NASA-Mitarbeiter Michael Shawn Kelley benannt.

Weblinks

Hauptgürtelasteroid unter 50 km Durchmesser

(4477) Kelley


Safenaz Moustafa Adry (Cairo, 26 de novembro de 1953), mais conhecida como Poussi, é uma atriz egípcia.

Biografia
Poussi nasceu no Cairo em 1953. Iniciou sua carreira no cinema egípcio em meados da década de 1960 como atriz infantil e juvenil. Nas décadas posteriores registou numerosos aparecimentos em filmes como Ao Amaleqa, Lyaly Lan Taaood, Ao Dahaya e Ao Zammar, figurando nos ecrãs egípcios até a década de 2000. Em 2019 retornou ao ecrã garota na série de televisão Qaid Aayeli.
Em 1972 casou-se com o prominente ator egípcio Nour O Sherief, com quem teve duas filhas. O casal divorciou-se em 2006 e novamente comprometeu-se em casal em 2015. A Sherief faleceu a 11 de agosto desse mesmo ano.

Filmografia destacada

Referências

Ligações externas

Atrizes do Egito

Poussi


George D'Oyly (1778–1846) est un ecclésiastique et universitaire anglais, théologien et biographe.

Biographie
Quatrième fils de Matthias D'Oyly, archidiacre de Lewes et recteur de Buxted, Sussex, il est né le 31 octobre 1778. Il est le frère de Thomas D'Oyly, sergent en droit, John D'Oyly, Sir Francis D'Oyly, tué à Waterloo et le major-général Henry D'Oyly. Il fréquente les écoles de Dorking, Putney et Kensington et, en 1796, il entre au Corpus Christi College de Cambridge. En 1800, il obtient un BA en tant que second wrangler et second Smith's prizeman, et en 1801 il obtient le prix pour l'essai latin. La même année, il est élu membre de son collège.

Ordonné diacre en 1802 par John Buckner, évêque de Chichester, et prêtre en 1803 par George Huntingford, évêque de Gloucester, D'Oyly est vicaire de son père pendant quelques mois en 1803, et en 1804 devient vicaire de Wrotham dans le Kent. De 1806 à 1809, il est modérateur à l'université de Cambridge, prédicateur spécial en 1809, 1810 et 1811, et surveillant en 1808.

En 1813, il est nommé aumônier domestique de Charles Manners-Sutton, archevêque de Cantorbéry. En 1815, il est présenté au presbytère de Hernhill dans le Kent, mais avant d'entrer en résidence, il est nommé, à la mort de son père, recteur de Buxted. En 1820, il accepte les presbytères de Lambeth, Surrey, et de Sundridge, Kent, et les conserve pour le reste de sa vie. En 1815, il est élu membre de la Royal Society <ref>[https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=%28%28text%29%3D%27Oyly%27%29 Royal Society Database, Oyly; George D''' (1778 - 1846)]</ref>.

D'Oyly meurt le 8 janvier 1846 et est enterré à l'église de Lambeth, où un monument est érigé à sa mémoire. Il est connu à son époque comme théologien ; il a également, en tant que recteur de Lambeth, ajouté treize lieux de culte à la paroisse. Il est trésorier de la Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, membre du comité londonien de la Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, et l'un des principaux promoteurs de la création du King's College de Londres.

 Œuvres
En novembre 1811, alors BD, D'Oyly est nommé avocat chrétien de Hulsean et, à ce titre, attaque l'œuvre théiste de Sir William Drummond Œdipus Judaicus dans Letters to Sir William Drummond and Remarks on Sir William Drummond's Œdipus Judaicus (1813). Pendant son séjour à Cambridge, il contribue à la Quarterly Review (certains de ses articles sont mentionnés dans les mémoires de son fils précédés d'une édition des sermons de D'Oyly) .

D'Oyly publie également :

 Deux discours prêchés devant l'Université de Cambridge sur la doctrine d'une providence particulière et l'unitarisme moderne (1812);
 une bible annotée, préparée avec Richard Mant pour la Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge ("D'Oyly and Mant's Bible") (1re édition, 1814, etc.; 2e édition, 1817; 3e édition, 1818);
 Vie de Mgr Sancroft, 2 vol. 1821;
 Sermons, principalement doctrinaux, avec notes'', 1827.

Ses sermons prononcés à St. Mary's, Lambeth, sont publiés en 1847 en deux volumes, avec un mémoire de son fils, CJ D'Oyly. Certains de ses sermons et lettres sur des sujets ecclésiastiques sont publiés séparément. Sa lettre contre le système séculier d'éducation de l'Université de Londres adressée à Sir Robert Peel et signée "Christianus", est reconnue dans une résolution du conseil du King's College de Londres (13 février 1846) comme "donnant la première impulsion et direction à l'opinion publique", faisant de D'Oyly "pratiquement le fondateur du collège" .

Famille
D'Oyly épouse Maria Frances, fille de William Bruere, l'un des principaux secrétaires du gouvernement indien.

Références

Liens externes

Membre de la Royal Society
Théologien anglican britannique
Décès en janvier 1846
Naissance en octobre 1778
Décès à 67 ans

George D'Oyly


The Nassau Inter-County Express (NICE) is the local bus system serving Nassau County, New York. It also serves parts of western Suffolk County, New York as well as eastern portions of the New York City borough of Queens. It was formerly operated under the name of MTA Long Island Bus, the trading name of the Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority, a division of MTA Regional Bus Operations. In 2011, the owner, Nassau County, decided to outsource the system to a private operator, Veolia Transport, due to a funding dispute with the MTA.

History

Private companies (pre-1973)

The MTA began operating Nassau County bus service in 1973 under the name  Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority, through the merging of 11 private operators (routes in italics have been discontinued):

Bee-Line (N1, N4, N6, N2*, N3) and subsidiaries:
Rockville Centre Bus (N15, N16, N14, N17*)
Utility Lines (N19; extended to Patchogue along current S40 Suffolk Transit route)
Stage Coach Lines (N71, N73, N74, and earlier N70): Note: The N70 under Stage Coach was a loop route from Hempstead to Levittown, Bellmore, Wantagh, and back to Hempstead.
Mid-Island Transit (N78, N79, N80, N81): This operator was acquired by Stage Coach, which would be acquired by Bee-Line. Also operated by this operator was a route from today's Broadway Mall to Oyster Bay.
Schenck Transportation (N20, N21, N22, N23, N24, N25, N26, N27, N45, N51) and previously acquired:
Nassau Bus Line (N31, N32, N33)
Universal Auto Bus (N57 and N58)
Jerusalem Avenue Bus Line (N54, N55, N53)
Hempstead Bus Corporation (N35, N36, N37 [merged into N35], N40, N41,  N47, N48, N49)
Roosevelt Bus Line (N62)
Branch Bus Corporation (N69; transferred to Long Beach in 1984)
Hendrickson Bus Corporation (N67, discontinued January 1975)

(*) denotes original bus routes that are now community shuttle routes

MTA Long Island Bus

In the 1980s, the N28, N46, N50 (all now discontinued) and N70 (as an N72 branch) were instituted as new routes, with the N20 extended to Hicksville. The 1990s saw the creation of a shuttle around Roosevelt Field (N93, now discontinued), two shuttles designed to take customers from train stations to work sites (the N94 and N95, both discontinued), and a service connecting Nassau County to JFK Airport (the N91, now discontinued), with the 2000s seeing a Merrick shuttle (now discontinued) and the N8 (now discontinued) and N43 routes being created.

In 2007, Long Island Bus averaged over 109,000 weekday riders, many of which include customers connecting to other MTA services in the region. By 2011, the MTA had averaged 101,981 weekday riders by the time of the agency's exit from operating the service.

Privatization and NICE

In 2010, the future of MTA Long Island Bus became uncertain, as the MTA threatened drastic cuts due to Nassau County's disproportionately small contributions to the operation. Since 2000, the MTA has provided a unique subsidy (of $24 million in 2011 and over $140 million since 2000) to the Nassau County bus system that the other New York City suburban county bus systems have not received. The county's contribution was $9.1 million per year out of a total budget of $133.1 million, and the MTA desired that this contribution increase to $26 million. Critics have noted that Westchester County subsidized its similarly sized Bee-Line Bus System service by $33 million/year, and that Suffolk subsidizes its substantially smaller Suffolk County Transit system by $24 million/year. The county hoped to reduce its contribution from $9.1 million to $4.1 million by using a private contractor; the planned county contribution was later decreased to $2.5 million/year.

By March 2011, the MTA—citing Nassau's refusal to pay its contracted amount—proposed a set of major service reductions which would have eliminated over half of the routes, with the greatest impact on southeastern Nassau County, eliminating all routes operating south of Hempstead Turnpike and east of the Meadowbrook State Parkway (except for the N71). After reviewing the service cut plans, County Executive Ed Mangano considered severing ties with the MTA and privatizing the Long Island Bus system. A temporary reprieve, via additional state funding, would have sustained service through the end of 2011. In April 2011, the MTA voted to cease all bus service in Nassau County after the end of 2011. Mangano then announced that he had retained Veolia Transport to operate the system beginning in 2012 through a public-private partnership pending legislative approval.

In November 2011, Veolia and Mangano announced that the service was going to be renamed Nassau Inter-County Express (or NICE), upon Veolia's takeover of the system. All buses, including Able-Ride vehicles, would be painted into a new paint scheme to reflect the change. On December 12, 2011, the legislature unanimously approved the Veolia contract, which was subsequently approved by the state-controlled Nassau County Interim Finance Authority (NIFA) on December 22, 2011. Veolia began operations January 1, 2012.  This Veolia plan was the subject of heated county public hearings in which Long Island Bus riders and employees criticized the plan.

In February 2012, Veolia announced service cuts and adjustments to take effect in April 2012. While there were no route cancellations planned, just over $7 million in cuts to existing routes were planned, with service reductions and route concentrations planned for routes primarily serving northern and eastern Nassau County, beginning in spring 2012, with resources redirected towards busier routes. These cuts ultimately included decreased service on 30 routes, including elimination of weekend service and decreased midday service on seven routes.

These cuts were criticized as occurring too soon, only six weeks after starting service. The Long Island Bus Rider's Union, a transit advocacy group, sharply criticized the cuts, claiming that "the announcements of service adjustments on the [NICE bus] website were very unclear", that service to many health care and social service centers was cut, and that "many of the NICE bus service cuts appear to be in low income communities where more people rely on buses to get to work and to access the few available health care centers that serve their needs."

In 2013, the NICE bus system obtained a "windfall" from increased New York State (but not Nassau County) aid of $5 million and $3 million from a fare increase for MetroCard bus riders.

In March 2014, the NICE bus system faced another $3.3 million budget deficit. At that time, the bus system expected "an increase of state aid — its largest revenue stream — of $1.2 million."

On October 31, 2014, the Nassau County Legislature adopted a 2015 budget that will increase Nassau County's contribution to NICE bus from $2.6 million to $4.6 million in 2015 and promised not to raise fares outside of MetroCard fare increases (MetroCard is controlled by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority). This new $4.6 million contribution was hailed as a victory for Nassau County bus riders, although it will still leave NICE bus with a $6 million operating deficit. However, on December 11, 2014, Nassau County executive Ed Mangano proposed cutting $4 million from Nassau County's NICE bus contribution (in addition to cuts to numerous other Nassau County services) to replace the $30 million that will be lost after the shutdown of Nassau County's controversial school speed zone cameras.

On January 17, 2016, NICE eliminated fifteen routes due to a budget deficit and low ridership and restructured three other routes.

On June 27, 2016, NICE restored service on two routes (N80/81) and restored two others (N14, N17) as shuttles.

On September 6, 2016, NICE restored service on one route (N51) and restored three others (original N2, N62, N73) as shuttles.

In December 2016, NICE announced a $12 million budget shortfall for FY2017 and warned of additional service cuts. These cuts were proposed to the Transit Advisory Committee, but failed to pass. A more severe set of cuts was passed in February, eliminating ten routes and reducing four more. Many of these routes were the ones restored in 2016. Additional last minute state funding allowed service on three routes to be saved.

In July 2018, a multi-year plan to restructure and improve service on the system was released for public comment. Improvements include a more developed frequency network, restoration of former services, and express buses to Manhattan.

Fare

As of August 2023, NICE buses do not have ways for customers to pay by contactless card or device using OMNY, despite this program being effective on MTA transit vehicles since early 2020. In August 2023, the fare was increased to $2.90 ($1.45 for seniors and disabled customers) from $2.75 ($1.35). Fares can be paid with a MetroCard (including unlimited cards) or coins. Neither dollar bills nor OMNY are accepted on any NICE fixed-route buses. OMNY is expected to be installed by late 2023 to early 2024. Transfers are available upon request with coins, and are included automatically with MetroCard. The transfers are valid for two hours and can be used on two connecting NICE bus routes; no round-trips nor stopovers. Transfers are also valid on Suffolk County Transit, Long Beach Bus, Huntington Area Rapid Transit (HART) or MTA New York City Transit, with the following restrictions:
Transfers to non-MetroCard buses are with coins only.
Transfers to the New York City Subway, or New York City Bus or MTA Bus express service, are available with MetroCard only (express buses require additional fare).
Transfers from Suffolk Transit, Huntington Area Rapid Transit (HART) or Long Beach Bus require payment of a $0.25 fare.
The Able-Ride paratransit fare is $4.00, payable in Able-Ride tickets or exact fare.

Bus depots

Nassau Inter-County Express has two operating depots, one each for its fixed route and paratransit operations, as well as an additional depot that was closed in 2017.

Current

Mitchel Field Depot (CNG)
The Mitchel Field Depot (marked Senator Norman J. Levy Transit Facility on older buses and on the building itself) is located at 700 Commercial Avenue in Uniondale, and is the headquarters and central garage for Nassau Inter-County Express fixed route service. The garage is named after the Mitchel Air Force Base that operated there from 1918 until 1961. All routes are dispatched from this garage. It handles both 60 ft articulated buses and 40 ft buses.

Stewart Avenue Depot (Able-Ride)
The Stewart Avenue Depot is located at 947 Stewart Avenue in East Garden City. All Able-Ride Nassau County shared-ride ADA paratransit service is dispatched from this garage.

Former

Rockville Centre Depot (CNG)
The Rockville Centre Bus Depot is located at 50 Banks Avenue in Rockville Centre. This garage was originally the home of Bee Line, Inc, and was closed in 2017 as part of a cost-cutting move. It is currently used as a storage garage for retired NICE buses; the future of this depot is unknown at this time.

Fleet
All fixed-route NICE buses are ADA compliant and semi low-floor. All buses are also equipped with "smart bus" technology from Woodbury-based Clever Devices, which includes automated onboard route and stop announcements. However, Nassau Inter-County Express has recently hired Clever Devices again to replace its original "smart bus" system in most of the fleet with new on-board units and software that use GPS data to calculate the next stop announcements instead of odometer-based data with the older system. The new system will also provide maintenance with vehicle diagnostics data and provide customers and dispatchers alike with real-time bus location data accessible online (akin to MTA Bus Time).

Active bus fleet

Fixed-route fleet

Paratransit fleet
All NICE Paratransit buses use diesel fuel.

Future bus fleet
NICE Bus has an option order for Gillig Advantage BRT Plus buses, which are expected to be exercised and to replace all 2012 Orion VII EPA10 buses by late 2024.

Routes

NICE runs fixed-route service on 37 routes, plus two shuttles, servicing the towns of Hempstead, North Hempstead, and the southern part of Oyster Bay, along with parts of the cities of Long Beach and Glen Cove. Non-shuttle routes are designated with a lowercase "n" for Nassau County, with service provided daily (although not all routes operate 7 days a week), and 24-hour service provided on the n40/41 Mineola - Freeport, n4 Merrick Road and n6 Hempstead Turnpike routes.

NICE routes operating to Jamaica and Flushing, Queens operate closed-door service in Queens (that is, local service is not provided solely for travel within Queens; appropriate MTA bus services must be used instead).  There are two exceptions to this: the n24, where one side of Jericho Turnpike/Jamaica Avenue is in New York City, but the other side of the street is in the Town of Hempstead (eastbound drop-off begins at 225th Street, where state maintenance of Jamaica Avenue begins, and westbound pickups occur as far west as 239th Street); and the n31/n32 and n33, which operate open-door in a portion of Far Rockaway where no other bus service is available. In addition, the n33 operates closed-door within the City of Long Beach, where local service is provided by Long Beach Bus.

See also
 Suffolk County Transit - the bus system in Suffolk County, to the immediate east.
 MTA New York City Bus - the bus system in New York City, to the immediate west.
 Long Beach Bus - the bus system in the City of Long Beach in Nassau County.
 Huntington Area Rapid Transit - the bus system in the Town of Huntington in Suffolk County.

References

External links

Nassau Inter-County Express

Bus transportation in New York (state)
Surface transportation in Greater New York
Transdev
Transit authorities with natural gas buses
Transportation on Long Island
2012 establishments in New York (state)

Nassau Inter-County Express


ආහාරයට ගැනීම පිණිස ගොවිතැන් කරන රනිල ශාක, රනිල බෝග ලෙස හැඳින්වේ.

රනිල බෝග

රනිල බෝග


Papağangiller ya da Gerçek papağanlar (Psittacidae), papağansılar takımından, kıvrık gagalı, etli ve kalın dilli, parlak tüylü, sıcak yerlerde yaşayan papağan olarak bilinen kuş türlerini kapsayan bir familyadır.

Güney yarım kürede, Afrika, Amerika, Asya ve Okyanusya'nın tropikal orman bölgelerinde yaşarlar. Hepsi canlı parlak tüylü ve üst gagaları alt gagayı kavrayarcak şekilde kıvrıktır. Üst gaganın ucunda törpü çentiği bulunur. Kafaları büyük, boyunları kısa, taklit kabiliyetli zeki kuşlardır. Ayaklarını bir el gibi rahatça kullanır. Tohumlar, meyveler ve çekirdeklerle beslenirler.

Genel sınıflandırma
Familya Psittacidae
 Altfamilya Arinae
 Altfamilya Psittacinae
 Oymak Arini, 30 cinsde 148 tür
 Oymak Cyclopsitticini, incir papağanları, 3 cins 6 tür
 Oymak Micropsittini, 6 tür, bütün türleri aynı cinste toplanmıştır
 Oymak Nestorini, 1 cins 3 tür
 Oymak Platycercini, 4 cinste 37 tür
 Oymak Psittrichadini, 12 cinste 66 tür
 Oymak Psittacini, 3 cinste 12 tür
 Oymak Psittaculini,
 Oymak Strigopini,

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Papağangiller


Le site archéologique de Montauban-Buzenol, situé à Buzenol (commune d'Étalle) en Belgique, est classé au patrimoine exceptionnel de la Région wallonne. Il s'agit d'un ensemble formé par un refuge antique fortifié et de ruines des vieilles forges. Depuis les années 1950, le site, placé sous protection, est le lieu de développement de différents espaces muséaux.

Site
Le site archéologique de Montauban est composé de deux parties distinctes :
 Sur les hauteurs, il y avait une refuge et une fortification dès l'époque celtique et pendant le haut Moyen Âge, selon la typologie de l'éperon barré. Les vestiges des remparts, des douves, des fortifications et d'un donjon sont encore bien visibles.
 Dans la vallée, près des rivières, on trouve les vestiges et les ruines temoignant d'une ancienne industrie métallurgique avec des forges, des fours, des halles et un manoir datant du XVe au XIXe siècle.

En marge du site archéologique protégé, différents espaces muséaux se sont également développés et on y retrouve en particulier :
 le musée lapidaire.
 une reconstitution de la moissonneuse des Trévires.
 un espace consacré à l'art contemporain qui se déploie dans l'ancienne halle au charbon, sur l'étang des forges, dans le bureau des forges restaurés, ou dans l'espace René Greisch composé de quatre conteneurs superposés.

Montauban est aussi répertorié comme site d'un grand intérêt géologique et biologique avec notamment deux sources calcaires pétrifiantes à proximité de la forteresse : le cron de Montauban.

Histoire

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Musée gaumais
 Buzenol

Lien externe

Patrimoine immobilier exceptionnel de la Région wallonne
Bâtiment dans la province de Luxembourg
Site archéologique en Belgique
Étalle (Belgique)

Site archéologique de Montauban-Buzenol


ක්‍රි.ව. 1947 අගෝස්තු 23 සිට සැප්තැම්බර් 20 දක්වා බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ලංකාවේ මහා මැතිවරණය පැවැත්විණි.

පසුබිම

මෙය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ (එකල සිලොන් නම් වූ) පැවති පළමු ජාතික මැතිවරණය ලෙස සලකනු ලැබේ. එහෙත් සැබැවින්ම එය සිදු වූයේ නිදහස ලැබීමට පෙර වන අතර, සෝල්බරි ආණ්ඩුක්‍රමය යටතේ පැවැත් වූ පළමු මැතිවරණය ද මෙයයි.

නිදහස් අරගලය සඳහා නායකත්වය දුන් නායකයින් කීපදෙනෙක් ම ඩී.එස්. සේනානායක මහතා නායකත්වය දුන් එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂය තුළ දැකිය හැක. විරුද්ධ පක්ෂයන් වූයේ ට්‍රොට්ස්කිවාදී ලංකා සම සමාජ පක්ෂය සහ ඉන්දියාවේ බොල්ෂෙවික් ලෙනින් පක්ෂය, ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කොමියුනිස්ට් පක්ෂය, ලංකා ඉන්දියානු කොංග්‍රසය සහ ස්වාධීන පෙළ ය.

ප්‍රතිඵල

සේනානායක මහතාගේ එජාපය ට බහුතරයක් ලබා ගැනීමට නොහැකි වුව ද, දෙමළ ප්‍රදේශ වල ආසන වලින් වැඩිම ප්‍රමාණයක් දිනාගත් සමස්ත ලංකා දෙමළ කොංග්‍රසය සමග සන්ධානගත වීමෙන් ආණ්ඩුවක් පිහිටුවීම ට සමත් විය.

ශ්‍රී ලංකාව සම්පූර්ණ නිදහස ලබා නොගෙන ඩොමිනියන් රාජ්‍යයක් බවට පත් විය. බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය මෙරට හමුදා කඳවුරු පවත්වා ගෙන ගිය අතර ඉංග්‍රීසි රාජ්‍ය භාෂාව ලෙස පැවතෙමින් පාලන පද්ධතියේ බොහෝ කොටස් බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය නිලධාරීන් සමග ම බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය අත පැවතිණි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

මහා මැතිවරණ - ශ්‍රී ලංකා

ලාංකික පාර්ලිමේන්තු මැතිවරණය, 1947


Transskriptionsfaktorer, ofte skrevet transkriptionsfaktorer, er proteiner, der har en overordnet rolle i organismens liv ved at sikre, at de rigtige gener er udtrykt i den rigtige celle på det rigtige tidspunkt og i den rigtige mængde - igennem hele livet. I molekylærbiologiske termer er en transskriptionsfaktor et sekvens-specifikt DNA-bindende protein, der regulerer omskrivningen (transskriptionen) af den genetiske information fra DNA til messenger-RNA. Reguleringen sker ved at en transskriptionsfaktor binder sig specifikt til en bestemt DNA-sekvens for derved at starte processer, der tænder eller slukker for gen-ekspressionen og derved bestemmer detailniveauet af proteinbiosyntesen. De fleste af cellens signalveje har en transskriptionsfaktor som slutpunkt.

Det menneskelige genom koder for omkring 2600 proteiner med et DNA-bindende domæne, hvoraf langt de fleste tænkes at være transskriptionsfaktorer. Det er mere end 10% af alle 20.344 af menneskets protein-kodende gener, og transskriptionsfaktorerne er dermed en af de største familier af proteiner, som kendes.

Man kender transskriptionsfaktorer, der virker alene, og transskriptionsfaktorer, der virker sammen med andre transskriptionsfaktorer eller andre proteiner for at fremme (som en aktivator) eller blokere (som en repressor) bindingen af RNA-polymerase til specifikke gener. Mange gener viser sig at være flankeret af flere bindingssteder for transskriptionsfaktorer (responselementer), hvor en effektiv transskription kræver samvirke af flere transskriptionsfaktorer.

DNA-binding

Et afgørende element for transskriptionsfaktorerne er, at de indeholder mindst et DNA-bindende proteindomæne (DBD), der knyttes til en bestemt sekvens af DNA (et responselement, en promotor eller en enhancer), som støder op til det gen eller de gener, der skal reguleres. Transskriptionsfaktorerne er inddelt i klasser baseret på arten af deres DNA-bindende domæne. Andre proteiner er også betydningsfulde for reguleringen af transskriptionen, men adskiller sig fra transskriptionsfaktorerne ved ikke at indeholde DNA-bindende domæner; det er bl.a. coaktivatorer, histon-acetyltransferaser, histon-deacetylaser, kinaser (se billedet ovenfor).

Mekanisme

Transskriptionsfaktorerne er en meget blandet familie af proteiner, der oftest fungerer i samspil med andre proteiner, der er med til at bestemme specificiteten af processerne. Transskriptionsfaktorerne bruger en bred vifte af mekanismer til regulering af genekspressionen:

 stabilisering eller blokering af bindingen af RNA-polymerase til DNA

 katalysering af acetylering eller deacetylering af histoner enten direkte eller ved rekruttering af andre proteiner med denne katalytiske aktivitet.

 rekruttering af coactivatorer eller corepressor-proteiner til transskriptionsfaktor-DNA-komplekset (se billedet).

 binding af mikroproteiner, der danner ikke-fungerende heterodimerer med transskriptionsfaktorer.

Mutationer

En mutation i en transskriptionsfaktor kan forårsage store ændringer i reguleringen af transskriptionen/genekspressionen/proteinsyntesen og kan derved forårsage specifikke sygdomme. Gener for transskriptionsfaktorerne benævnes som oncogener fordi mutationer kan føre til kræft. De benævnes også som suppressor-gener, da den normale funktion netop ikke fører til kræftdannelse.

Nogle eksempler

 atrophin-1, AT-1 - ekspansion af GAG i genet for AT-1 medfører indførelsen af polyQ i proteinet, hvilket forårsager ataksi-syndromet dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), en såkaldt "polyQ-sygdom".
 Serum response factor er en overordnet transskriptionsfaktor, der binder til serum response elementet, SRE, i promotor-regionen af mange gener, se billedet og :en:Serum response factor.

 p53 (tumor protein p53, cellular tumor antigen p53, phosphoprotein p53, tumor suppressor p53, antigen NY-CO-13, transformation-related protein 53 eller TRP53) er også en overordnet transskriptionsfaktor, der er centrum i et komplekst system af signalveje. I mange kræftceller findes p53 med en eller flere mutationer, der har medført ændringer i p53's normale funktion.

 Kernereceptorer er transskriptionsfaktorer der ud over det DNA-bindende proteindomæne (se illustrationen for oven) også har andre domæner inkl. et hormonbindende domæne.

 CREB (eng. cAMP response element-binding protein) har bl.a. betydning for langtidshukommelse, neuroplasticitet, Alzheimers sygdom og skizofreni.

 NF-κB (eng. nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells) har stor betydning for reguleringen af immunresponset, for celleproliferation og apoptose (celledød).

 NF-AT (eng. nuclear factor of activated T-cells) er en familie af transskriptionsfaktorer, der regulerer genekspressionen af cytokiner som f.eks. interleukin-2 (IL-2).

 Scleraxis transskriptionsfaktorerne udgør en superfamilie karakteriseret ved at indeholde et basic helix-loop-helix proteindomæne og regulere celledifferentiering, proliferation og oncogenese.

 GATA1 er en transskriptionsfaktor, der aktiveres af EPO i erytrocytternes forstadier og medfører produktion af cytoskelet, hæmoglobin og andre molekyler, der har betydning for udviklingen og modningen af erytrocytterne og differentiering, overlevelse og proliferation.

 STAT er en familie af transskriptionsfaktorer, der medierer mange aspekter af cellulær immunitet, proliferation, apoptose og differentiering og regulerer bl.a. genet for insulin-like growth factor 1.

 CLK/BMAL1 er transkriptionsfaktor for proteiner involveret i pattedyrenes biologiske ur.

 Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 og c-Mys er transkriptionsfaktorer for stamceller.

Cofaktorer

 YAP1 (yes-associated protein-1) også benævnt YAP eller YAP65

Se også

 Oncogen
 OncomiR, mikroRNA

Referencer og eksterne links

Biokemi
Cellebiologi
Fysiologi
Mikrobiologi
Proteiner

Transskriptionsfaktor


Terzilik - Giysi dikimi ile uğraşan meslek adı.

Yerleşim yerleri
 Terzi, Göynücek, Amasya ili Göynücek ilçesine bağlı köy
 Terzi, Kastamonu, Kastamonu ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Terzi, Haliliye, Şanlıurfa ili Haliliye ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Terzi, Ereğli, Zonguldak ili Ereğli ilçesine bağlı köy

Soyadı Terzi olanlar
Claudio Terzi (d. 1984), İtalyan futbolcu
Engin Terzi (d. 1974), Türk milli bilek güreşçisi
Mehmet Terzi (d. 1955), Türk spor yöneticisi ve eski atlet
Orhan Terzi (d. 1979), Türk futbolcu
Semih Terzi (…–2016), Türk asker
Şahinali Terzi (d. 1990), Türk futbolcu
Yanna Terzi (d. 1980), Yunan şarkıcı

Dizi/filmler
 Terzi (dizi), 2023 yapımı Netflix platformunda yayımlanan Türk internet dizisi.

Türkçe soyadları

Terzi (anlam ayrımı)


El Río Malleco es un curso natural de agua que nace en las laderas del volcán Tolhuaca y fluye con dirección general NO en la provincia de Malleco, región de la Araucanía, sur de Chile, hasta desembocar sus aguas en las cercanías de la ciudad de Angol con el río Vergara, un importante afluente del río Biobío.

Trayecto

Nace en la vertiente occidental de los Andes y drena su hoya en dirección NO, dentro del Parque nacional Tolhuaca y cerca del volcán Tolhuaca. El viaducto de Malleco construido en 1890 es el hito principal del río.

En su trayecto bordea las localidades de Curaco y Chiguaihue, además de las ciudades de Collipulli y Angol, hasta desembocar sus aguas en el Río Vergara, al norte de esta última.

Caudal y régimen

La subcuenca del río Vergara y sus afluentes, que son los ríos Malleco, Mininco y Renaico muestra un régimen netamente pluvial, con grandes crecidas de junio a agosto. El período de estiaje, común a toda la subcuenca, ocurre en el trimestre enero-marzo, debido a las bajas precipitaciones y al uso de agua para riego.

El caudal del río (en un lugar fijo) varía en el tiempo, por lo que existen varias formas de representarlo. Una de ellas son las curvas de variación estacional que, tras largos periodos de mediciones, predicen estadísticamente el caudal mínimo que lleva el río con una probabilidad dada, llamada probabilidad de excedencia. La curva de color rojo ocre (con ) muestra los caudales mensuales con probabilidad de excedencia de un 50%. Esto quiere decir que ese mes se han medido igual cantidad de caudales mayores que caudales menores a esa cantidad. Eso es la mediana (estadística), que se denota Qe, de la serie de caudales de ese mes. La media (estadística) es el promedio matemático de los caudales de ese mes y se denota .

Una vez calculados para cada mes, ambos valores son calculados para todo el año y pueden ser leídos en la columna vertical al lado derecho del diagrama. El significado de la probabilidad de excedencia del 5% es que, estadísticamente, el caudal es mayor solo una vez cada 20 años, el de 10% una vez cada 10 años, el de 20% una vez cada 5 años, el de 85% quince veces cada 16 años y la de 95% diecisiete veces cada 18 años. Dicho de otra forma, el 5% es el caudal de años extremadamente lluviosos, el 95% es el caudal de años extremadamente secos. De la estación de las crecidas puede deducirse si el caudal depende de las lluvias (mayo-julio) o del derretimiento de las nieves (septiembre-enero).

Historia

Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga y Cienfuegos escribió en 1899 en su obra póstuma Diccionario Geográfico de la República de Chile sobre el río:
Malleco (Río).-—En la provincia á que presta su nombre. Nace de una pequeña laguna de la base de los Andes é inmediata hacia el O. del volcán de Lonquimay, y corre en su primeras parte por entre serranías y bosques de esa cordillera en dirección al O., y luego hacia el NO. por terrenos más bajos hasta su confluencia con el río que pasa por la ciudad de Angol, lo que verifica á cuatro kilómetros al N. de ella, al cabo de unos 75 de curso ligeramente pando; formando esa reunión el río Vergara. Es de caudal poco abundante y lecho profundo. Junto á Collipulli lo atraviesa un monumental viaducto de ferrocarril de 350 metros de largo y 98 de alto sobre la línea sinclinal, construido por el injeniero V. A. Lastarria é inaugurado por el Presidente Balmaceda el 26 de octubre de 1890. Sus riberas, fértiles y amenas, antes ocupadas por indios bravíos, contíenen al presente: en el lado norte las poblaciones de Collipulli, Curaco, Mariluán, Perasco, y en el del sur á Chiguaihue, Cancura, Lolenco, &c. También existió en su margen sur cerca de su término la primitiva ciudad de Angol. El nombre significa agua de arcilla blanquizca, formado de malle, esa especie de tierra, y de co, agua.

Población, economía y ecología

Véase también

 Anexo:Cuencas hidrográficas de Chile
 Hidrografía de Chile

Referencias

Bibliografía

Malleco
Malleco

Río Malleco


Momodu Mutairu (født 2. september 1976) er en tidligere nigeriansk fodboldspiller.

Nigerias fodboldlandshold

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Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Nigeria

Momodu Mutairu


Agrilus faurei é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Curletti & Brûlé, 2011.

Referências

faurei

Agrilus faurei


Por siempre mujercitas fue una telenovela argentina que se emitió por Canal 9 entre 1995 y 1996. Fue protagonizada por Viviana Saccone, Carolina Papaleo, Jorge Schubert, Juan Darthés, Paola Krum, Fernando Lúpiz, Magalí Moro, Pablo Echarri y los primeros actores Pablo Alarcón y Virginia Lago. Coprotagonizada por Andrea Barbieri, María Fiorentino, Silvestre, Carlos Mena, Fabián Pizzorno, Verónica Ruano, Diego Olivera, Horacio Dener, Irene Almus y Verónica Vieyra. También, contó con las actuaciones especiales de Fabián Gianola, Juan Carlos Galván, Zulma Faiad y los primeros actores Antonio Grimau y Arturo Maly. La participación de Jorge D'Elía como actor invitado. Y las presentaciones de Valeria Britos, Carina Zampini y Juan Cruz Baldassarre.

Sinopsis
La historia relata la lucha de Gabriela Morales (Virginia Lago), una madre psicóloga, y sus cuatro hijas: una médica, Paula (Viviana Saccone); una periodista, Alejandra (Paola Krum); una futura abogada, Gimena (Magalí Moro); y una adolescente que quiere convertirse en modelo, Mariana (Valeria Britos), quienes debieron enfrentar la trágica muerte de su marido y padre Marcelo (Antonio Grimau).

Protagonistas

Primera temporada

 Viviana Saccone (Paula Morales)
 Jorge Schubert (Dr. D'Amico)
 Juan Darthés (Eduardo Andler)
 Paola Krum (Alejandra Morales)
 Fernando Lúpiz (Ricardo Numan)
 Magalí Moro (Gimena Morales)
 Pablo Alarcón (Sebastian Urquijo)
 Pablo Echarri (Gastón Urquijo)
 Valeria Britos (Mariana Morales)
  Y la primera actriz  Virginia Lago (Gabriela Morales)

Segunda temporada

 Viviana Saccone (Paula Morales)
 Carolina Papaleo (Marcela Morales Rivero)
 Juan Darthés (Eduardo Andler)
 Magalí Moro (Gimena Morales)
 Pablo Alarcón (Sebastian Urquijo)
 Pablo Echarri (Gastón Urquijo)
 Valeria Britos (Mariana Morales)
  Y la primera actriz  Virginia Lago (Gabriela Morales)

Coprotagonistas

 Andrea Barbieri (Camila Morales)
 Jorge D'Elía (Lucas Bazán)
 Fabián Gianola (Daniel)
 María Fiorentino (Renata)
 Silvestre  (Dr. Funes)
 Juan Carlos Galván (Walter Artigas)
 Zulma Faiad (Roberta)
 Graciela Pal (La Chiche)
 Pachi Armas
 Carlos Mena (Padre Juan)
 Fabián Pizzorno (Matías Bazán)
 Verónica Ruano (Valeria Bazán)
 Diego Olivera (Julio Olazábal)
 Horacio Dener (Comisario Ibáñez)
 Verónica Vieyra (Laura Levin)
 Irene Almus (Noemí)
 Carina Zampini (Carla Lucero)
 Juan Cruz Baldassarre (León Lucero)
 Eduardo Blanco (Mauro)
 Graciela Baduan (Carmen)
 Mariano Martínez (Toni)
 Patricia Rozas (Teresa)
 Silvina Segundo (Sonia)
 Patricia Ulanovsky
 María Bufano
 Marcela Ferradás
 María Figueras

Participaciones especiales

 Antonio Grimau (Marcelo Morales)
 Arturo Maly

Presencia estelares

 Raúl Taibo (Ramiro)
 Pablo Rago (Diego)

Participaciones

 Rubén Ballester
 Ana María Cores
 Héctor Gióvine
 Lucrecia Capello
 Marta Betoldi
 Silvina Bosco
 Osvaldo Brandi
 Rene Bertrand
 Cecilia Milone
 Betina O'Connell
 Paola Papini
 Lita Soriano
 César Bordón
 Edgardo Moreira
 Elvira Vicario
 Vicky Buchino
 Miguel Habud
 Daniel Lemes
 Hugo Cosiansi
 Francisco Llanos
 Leonor Miniño
 Liliana Lavalle
 Ricardo Cánepa
 Matías Santoianni
 Jorge Nolasco
 Mariano Argento
 Alberto Vázquez
 Diego Alonso
 Dolores Fonzi
 Mónica Calho
 Ana María Vinuesa
 Fito Yanelli
 Claudio Garofalo
 Silvia Mañanes

Referencias

Telenovelas de Canal 9 (Buenos Aires)
Telenovelas de 1995
Telenovelas de 1996
Series de televisión iniciadas en 1995
Series de televisión finalizadas en 1997

Por siempre mujercitas


An Hederorkis in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Hederorkis in nahilalakip ha familia nga Orchidaceae.

An kladograma hini sumala ha Catalogue of Life:

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Hederorkis

Hederorkis


يستخدم علماء تاريخ الفكر تسمية «فلسفة عصر النهضة» للدلالة على فكر الفترة الممتدة بين عامي 1355 و1650 في أوروبا (يمتد ذلك العصر أكثر في أوروبا الوسطى والشمالية وفي المناطق الواقعة تحت النفوذ الأوروبي مثل أمريكا اللاتينية، والهند، واليابان، والصين). وتتداخل بذلك مع كل من فلسفة العصور الوسطى المتأخرة التي تأثرت في القرنين الرابع عشر والخمس عشر بشخصيات بارزة مثل ألبيرت العظيم، وتوما الأكويني، وليم الأوكامي، ومارسيليوس من بادوا، والفلسفة المعاصرة التي ترافق نشوؤها مع رينيه ديكارت ونشره لكتاب «مقال عن المنهج» في عام 1637.

يقسم الفلاسفة عادةً الفترة بشكل أقل دقة منتقلين بشكل مباشر من فلسفة العصور الوسطى إلى الفلسفة المعاصرة المبكرة، على أساس الاعتقاد بأنه لم تحدث تغيرات جذرية في وجهات النظر في القرون التي سبقت لديكارت. ولكن يأخذ مؤرخو الفكر بعين الاعتبار عوامل إضافية أخرى مثل المصادر والمقاربات والجمهور واللّغة والأنماط الأدبية إلى جانب الأفكار. يستعرض هذا المقال كلًا من تغيرات السياق والمحتوى في فلسفة عصر النهضة وصلاتها مع الماضي.

الاستمرارية
تتشابه فلسفة عصر النهضة مع فلسفات القرون السابقة في البنية والمصادر والأسلوب والمواضيع.

بنية الفلسفة
بعد استرجاع جزء كبير من الكتابات الأرسطوطالية في القرنين الثاني عشر والثالث عشر، اتضح وجود العديد من الكتابات الأخرى التي تتمحور بشكل عام حول الفلسفة الطبيعية والفلسفة الأخلاقية والماورائيات إلى جانب كتابات أرسطو عن المنطق التي كانت معروفة مسبقًا. شكلت هذه المواضيع الأساس لمنهاج الفلسفة في الجامعات الناشئة. كان الاعتقاد السائد هو أن فروع الفلسفة الأكثر «علمية» هي تلك التي تتسم بكونها نظرية وبالتالي فهي قابلة للتطبيق على نحو أوسع. اعتبر العديد من المفكرين في عصر النهضة أيضًا تلك المواضيع المجالات الفلسفية الرئيسية، إضافة إلى المنطق الذي يدرب العقل على الوصول إلى المواضيع الثلاثة الأخرى.

مصادر الفلسفة
تُلاحَظ استمرارية مشابهة في ما يتعلق بالمصادر. على الرغم من أن أرسطو لم يكن حينها مرجعًا مُجمعًا عليه (كان في كثير من الأحيان نقطة انطلاق للجدالات وغالبًا ما نوقشت آراؤه إلى جانب آراء الآخرين أو تعاليم الكتاب المقدس)، فقد انطوت محاضرات الفيزياء في العصور الوسطى على قراءة فيزياء أرسطو، ودروس في الفلسفة الأخلاقية تضمنت دراسة كتاب الأخلاق النيقوماخية (بالإضافة إلى كتاب السياسة لأرسطو في بعض الأحيان)، ودراسة الماورائيات من خلال كتابه الميتافيزيقيا. لم يضعف الاعتقاد خلال عصر النهضة بأن أعمال أرسطو هي أساس لفهم الفلسفة، وشهدت تلك الحقبة ازدهارًا للترجمات الجديدة والتعليقات والشروح الأخرى لأعماله، في كلتا اللغتين اللاتينية والعامية.

من حيث الأسلوب، كانت الفلسفة خلال العصور الوسطى المتأخرة تعتبر موضوعًا يتطلب استقصاءً شاقًا من قبل الأشخاص المدربين على المفردات التقنية الخاصة بالموضوع. جرى تناول النصوص والمشكلات الفلسفية عادةً من خلال المحاضرات الجامعة و«الأسئلة». وقد شابهت تلك الأسئلة إلى حدٍ ما المناظرات المعاصرة، فاستعرضت إيجابيات وسلبيات مواقف فلسفية معينة أو تفسيرات لها. كانت الأسئلة أحد الأركان الرئيسية «للمنهج المدرسي»، وأكسبت الطلاب الذين طرحوها أو أجابوا عنها سرعة البديهة، وتطلبت معرفة عميقة بجميع التقاليد الفلسفية المعروفة، والتي غالبًا ما استشهد بها لدعم أو نقض جدالات معينة. استمر اتباع هذا الأسلوب في الفلسفة في عصر النهضة. فعلى سبيل المثال، اعتمد كتاب مناقشات لبيكو ديلا ميراندولا بشكل مباشر على هذا التقليد الذي لم يكن أبدًا محصورًا في أروقة محاضرات الجامعة.

المواضيع في الفلسفة
نظرًا لاتساع مجال الفلسفة الأرسطوطاليسية، فقد كان من الممكن مناقشة جميع أنواع قضايا فلسفة عصر النهضة والعصور الوسطى. عالج أرسطو بشكل مباشر مشكلات عديدة مثل مسار القذائف، وعادات الحيوانات، وكيفية اكتساب المعرفة، وحرية الإرادة، وارتباط السعادة بالفضيلة، والعلاقة بين العوالم القمرية وتحت القمرية.

مراجع

تاريخ الفلسفة
ثقافة غربية

فلسفة النهضة


Martha Jane Canary (født 1. maj 1852 i Princetown, Missouri – 1. august 1903 i South Dakota) var en amerikansk kvinde, der var skarpskytte og spejder for det amerikanske militær.

I 1865 tog Jane og hendes familie ud på en fire måneder lang rejse til Virginia City i staten Montana. Efter at hendes moder døde i 1866 og hendes fader døde i  1867, rejste hun rundt i Wyoming-territoriet. I 1870 begyndte hun at arbejde som spejder på Fort Russell. Hun hjalp med at overvåge indianerne i Arizona. Hun blev kendt som en af verdens bedste ryttere og skytter.

I 1872 var hun og en soldaterdeling med til at nedkæmpe et indianeroprør. Hun reddede delingens leder, Kaptajn Egan, fra at blive dræbt af indianerne, og han gav hende tilnavnet Calamity Jane.

I 1876 blev syg på en mission og kom ikke med til slaget ved Little Bighorn. Da hun blev rask, tog hun hen til Fort Laramie, hvor hun mødte sit livs kærlighed Wild Bill Hickok. Men kort efter blev Wild Bill skudt, Jane fandt morderen i en slagterforretning og pryglede ham. Morderen blev senere dømt og hængt. Indtil 1885 arbejdede hun bl.a. ved jernbanen og som kroejerske. Derefter rejste hun til El Paso i Texas, hvor hun blev gift med Clinton Burk.

Omkring år 1893 blev hun en del af Buffalo Bills Wild West Show, hvor hun optrådte bl.a. i New York City.

Jane døde den 1. august 1903 på et hotel i South Dakota af tarmbetændelse.

Referencer

Personer fra Det Vilde Vesten

Calamity Jane


Emerald Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Emerald Township (Minnesota)
 Emerald Township (Ohio)

Emerald Township


Sedliacka Dubová este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Dolný Kubín din regiunea Žilina, pe malul râului . Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 536 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Sedliacka Dubová este atestată documentar din 1397.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Sedliacka Dubová


est un film italien réalisé par Anna Gobbi et sorti en 1966.

Synopsis
Des histoires d'amour scandaleuses entre un groupe d'amis qui sont finalement dissimulées pour maintenir le statu quo.

Fiche technique
 Titre original italien :
 Réalisateur : Anna Gobbi
 Scénario : Anna Gobbi
 Photographie : Dario Di Palma
 Montage : Anna Gobbi
 Musique : Ralph Ferraro
 Décors : Giorgio Giovannini
 Costumes : Riccardo Domenici
 Production : Ferruccio De Martino
 Société de production : Adriana Film
 Pays de production :
 Langue de tournage : Italien
 Format : Noir et blanc
 Durée : 96 minutes ()
 Genre : Drame
 Dates de sortie :
 Italie :

Distribution
Anouk Aimée : Alessandra
Philippe Leroy : Dario
Mirella Manni : Arlette
Renato Montalbano :
Micaela Pignatelli : Antonella
Antonio Sabàto : Mauro
Nino Segurini : Agostino

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film italien sorti en 1966
Film italien en noir et blanc
Film dramatique italien
Premier long métrage sorti en 1966
Film en italien

Lo scandalo


Sheffield United Football Club, İngiltere'nin Güney Yorkshire bölgesindeki, Sheffield şehrinde kurulmuş profesyonel futbol kulübüdür. Maçlarını 33,000 kişi kapasiteli Highfield'deki Bramall Lane stadyumunda oynamaktadır. Bu takımın en büyük başarısı, 1897-1898 sezonunda İngiltere 1. liginde şampiyon olmasıdır.

Lig Geçmişi

 1.Kademede mücadele ettiği sezon toplam sayısı: 60
 2.Kademede mücadele ettiği sezon toplam sayısı: 43
 3.Kademede mücadele ettiği sezon toplam sayısı: 11
 4.Kademede mücadele ettiği sezon toplam sayısı: 1

Başarıları

Lig
 First Division/Premier League
 Şampiyon: 1897-98
 İkinci: 1896-97, 1899-1900
 Second Division/EFL Championship
 Şampiyon: 1952-53
 İkinci: 1892-93, 1938-39, 1960-61, 1970-71, 1989-90, 2005-06, 2018-19
 Third Division/League One
 Şampiyon: 2016-17
 İkinci: 1988-89
 Fourth Division/League Two
 Şampiyon: 1981-82

Kupa
 FA Cup
  Şampiyon: 1898-99, 1901-02, 1914-15, 1924-25
 Finalist: 1900-01, 1935-36

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmî site

İngiltere'deki futbol kulüpleri
1889'da kurulan futbol kulüpleri
FA Cup şampiyonları

Sheffield United FC


Muhammad I af Granada (født 1195 – død 22. januar 1273) også kendt som Ibn al-Aḥmar var den første hersker over Emiratet Granada som var den sidste muslimske stat på den iberiske halvø. Han var også grundlæggeren af Nasride dynastiet og manden som startede byggeriet på fæstningsanlægget Alhambra som i dag er på UNESCOs verdensarvliste.

Tidlige liv
Muhammed I blev født i 1195 i Arjona som lægger i det sydlige Spanien. Han havde en ydmyge bagrund hvor han ifølge castilianske kilder var en bonde/landmand. Han kom fra en klan ved navn Banu Nasr/ Banu al-Ahmer, det menes at klanen stammer fra en af profeten Muhammeds Sahabaer ved navn Sa'd ibn Ubadah det menes at Sa`ds efterføgler senere hen migrede til den iberiske halvø hvor de blev til landmænd. I Muhammeds unge dage blev han kendt for sit lederskab.

Hersker
I 1231 blev Ibn Hud besejret i kampen ved Jerez af Castilien. Hvilke gjorde at det opstod oprør over hele det muslimske Iberiske Halvø, et af de oprør opstod i Muhammads by, byen havde erklæret sig selv selvstændig den 16 Juli 1232, Muhammed blev valgt som deres leder som på det tidspunkt var kendt for at være krigerisk og fromhed. I det samme år havde han begyndt at udvide sit domæne til Jaen en vigtig by tæt på Arjona, han blev ved med at prøve at udvide sit domæne han tog endda Sevilla men kunne kun holde den i en måned dog efter flere års borgerkrig mod Ibn Hud, efter at have haft flere forsøg at udvide, underkastede han sig til Ibn Hud, dog beholdte han meget af sit domæne som indeholdte byer som Arjona, Jaén, Porcuna, Guadixand og Baeza. Dog i 1236 gjorde Muhammed oprør imod Ibn Hud og han allierede sig selv med Ferdinand III og hjælp ham med at overtage Córdoba. Han begyndte også at over tage byer i det sydlige Spanien nogen tog han med magt andre kunne han overtage diplomatisk fx i 1237 blev han inviteret af byen Granada om at overtage dem, han gjorde efterfølgene byen til sin hovedstad.

I 1238 kom Muhammed ind til Granada hvor han efterfølgende gjorde slottet Alcazaba til hans bolig, efter at have etableret sig selv i Granada, begyndte Muhammed på flere projekter som defensive strukturere, dæmning og en grøft. Det var også der at arbejdet på Alhambra påbegyndte som senere ville blive den primære bygning for hans dynasti indtil 1492. For at få fat finansiering pressede Muhammed sine skatte opkræver til hans projekter, Muhammed henrettede endda Almerias skatte opkræver Abu Muhammad ibn Arus.

I det tidlige 1240 begyndte Muhammed og Ferdinand IIIs forholde at falde fra hinanden det endte med at i 1242 plyndrede muslimerne Andújar & Martos som på det tidspunkt var under Ferdinand III kontrol, så i 1244 tog Castilien Muhammeds hjemby. I 1245 Ferdinand III begyndte at belejre den befæstede by Jaén. Under belejringen prøvede Muhammed at sende forsyninger ind til byen dog mislykkes og i 1246 havde Muhammet overgivet byen og skule sende 150,000 maravedíer og iføle nogen kilder underkastede Muhammed sig til Ferdinand. Den aftale lavet i 1246 ville holde 20 år. I 1264 angreb Muhammed Castilien, da muslimer i nylige områder erobret af Castilien gjorde oprør. Oprøret blev kaldt Mudéjar oprøret og starten lykkedes det muslimerne at tage kontrol over Murcia, Jerez, Utrera, Lebrija, Arcos og Medina-Sidonia. Men Alfonso X og James I af Aragon modangreb og i 1265 invaderede Alfonso X Muhammeds domæne efter det søgte Muhammed efter fred, han var nu nød til at betale 250,000 maravedíer til Castilien.

Muhammed døde den 22. januar 1273, efter at være faldet af sin hest. Hans efterfølger var hans søn Muhammad II.

Kilder

Sultaner

Muhammad I af Granada


Magiciens (, Tcharodeï) est un téléfilm soviétique réalisé par Konstantin Bromberg, sorti en 1982.

Il a été diffusé à la télévision le 31 décembre 1982.

Synopsis

Fiche technique
 Titre : Magiciens
 Titre original : Чародеи (Tcharodeï)
 Réalisation : Konstantin Bromberg
 Scénario : Arkadi et Boris Strougatski
 Photographie : Konstantin Apriatine
 Musique : Evgueni Krylatov
 Pays d'origine : URSS
 Format : Couleurs - 35 mm - Mono
 Genre : comédie
 Durée : 147 minutes
 Date de sortie : 1982

Distribution
 Aleksandra Iakovleva : Aliona Sanina
 Alexandre Abdoulov : Ivan Poukhov
 Ekaterina Vassilieva : Kira Chemakhanskaïa
 Valentin Gaft : Apolon Sataneïev
 Valery Zolotoukhine : Ivan Kivrin
 Emmanouil Vitorgan : Viktor Kovrov
 Mikhaïl Svetine : Foma Bryl
 Roman Filippov : Youli Kamnedeïev
 Lilia Makeïeva : Olga
 Semion Farada
 Anna Achimova : Nina Poukhova

Notes et références

Liens externes

Téléfilm soviétique
Téléfilm diffusé en 1982
Téléfilm de comédie romantique
Téléfilm musical
Téléfilm de science-fiction
Film soviétique sorti en 1982
Film en russe
Film de Studio d'Odessa
Film tiré d'une œuvre d'Arcadi et Boris Strougatski
Adaptation d'un roman russe au cinéma
Film tourné dans l'oblast de Vladimir
Film tourné à Souzdal

Magiciens (film)


A Usina Hidrelétrica de São Domingos está localizada no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, no município de Água Clara (a 180 km de Campo Grande) e Ribas do Rio Pardo (a 102 km de Campo Grande), no Rio Verde, bacia do Rio Paraná.

Características
Ver também: Lista de usinas hidrelétricas do Brasil e Lista de barragens do Brasil

Entrou em operação em 2012 e tem uma capacidade instalada de 48 MW. Pertence à estatal Eletrosul Centrais Elétricas S.A, sendo a partir de sua construção a maior usina hidrelétrica do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul.

Dados técnicos

Concepção geral
A Usina Hidrelétrica São Domingos possui, em sua concepção, uma barragem, um vertedouro em concreto com duas comportas segmento junto ao corpo da barragem, um canal de fuga de 400 m de extensão, dois condutos forçados de 5,25 m de diâmetro, uma casa de força - onde estão instaladas duas unidades geradoras -, uma subestação e uma linha de transmissão de 138 KV que se conecta a cidade de Água Clara, MS.

Barragem
A barragem é construída em solo compactado, impermeabilizada a montante com geomembrana. Possi 1600 m de extensão e altura máxima de 26 m.

Lago da represa
O lago formado à montante da usina é formado na cota 345 m a nível do mar, possui 17 km² de espelho d'água e profundidade média de 25 m.

Potência instalada
A usina dispõe de duas turbinas Kaplan de capacidade 24 MW cada, sendo 48 MW de potência total instalada.

Ver também
 Lista de usinas hidrelétricas do Brasil

Ligações externas
 CGT Eletrosul (https://www.cgteletrosul.gov.br/).

Sao Domingos

Usina Hidrelétrica São Domingos


A Batalha de Fort Bull foi um ataque francês ao Fort Bull controlado pelos britânicos em 27 de março de 1756, no início da Guerra Franco-Indígena. O forte foi construído para defender uma parte da hidrovia que liga Albany, Nova York, ao Lago Ontário, através do rio Mohawk.

O tenente Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de Léry liderou seu comando composto por forças das Troupes de la Marine, milícia Canadien e aliados indianos em um ataque contra Fort Bull em 27 de março de 1756. Protegidos por árvores, eles se esgueiraram até 100 metros (91 m) do forte. Léry ordenou um ataque ao forte com baionetas. Eles enfiaram seus mosquetes nas aberturas estreitas do forte e atiraram nos defensores. Léry repetidamente pediu sua rendição. Finalmente, o portão foi arrombado e os franceses e indianos invadiram, matando todos que viam. Os soldados franceses saquearam o que puderam e incendiaram os paióis de pólvora. O forte foi totalmente queimado.

Forte Bull
Forte Bull

Batalha de Fort Bull


Lakshmi Chandrasheka est une actrice du cinéma kannada et du théâtre indien. Elle remporte le  de la meilleure actrice, en 2002, puis un prix honoraire de l'Académie Karnataka Nataka, en 2014, pour ses rôles dans le domaine de l'art dramatique et du théâtre.

Filmographie partielle
  (2016).
  (2006)
  (2005).
  (2002).
  (2001).
  (1987).

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Actrice indienne de cinéma
Actrice indienne de théâtre

Naissance en 1951
Naissance au Karnataka

Lakshmi Chandrashekar


Isidora Dolores Ibárruri Gómez (9. desember 1895 – 12. nóvember 1989), einnig þekkt undir viðurnefninu La Passionaria (sem merkir bókstaflega "passíublómið" á spænsku, en hefur líka verið þýtt óeiginlega sem "eldmóðskonan" og "eldsálin") var basknesk-spænsk kommúnísk stjórnmálakona sem barðist við hlið lýðveldissinna í spænsku borgarastyrjöldinni.

Ibárruri varð fræg fyrir baráttuorðin ¡No Pasarán! ("Þeir skulu ekki komast í gegn") sem hún beitti til að hvetja varnir lýðveldissinna í umsátrinu um Madríd. Baráttuorðin urðu fræg slagorð andfasista og spænskra lýðveldissinna. Eftir stríðið flúði Ibárruri til Moskvu en sneri aftur til Spánar eftir endalok einræðisins árið 1975.

Bakgrunnur
Ibárruri fæddist í Somorrostro-dalnum í Baskalandi. Hún ólst upp með fjölskyldu námuverkamanna í bænum Gallarta.

Þegar Ibárruri var 20 ára gömul giftist hún byltingarsinnuðum, sósíalískum námuverkamanni að nafni Julián Ruiz Gabiña. Hjónin eignuðust sex börn en fjögur þeirra létust í frumbernsku. Einkasonur hennar, Rubén, lést í orrustunni um Stalíngrad, þar sem hann barðist með sovéska hernum.

Árið 1921 varð Ibárruri fulltrúi á fyrsta flokksþingi spænska kommúnistaflokksins. Á fjórða áratugnum varð hún blaðamaður hjá flokksblaðinu Mundo Obrero. Eftir stofnun annars spænska lýðveldisins árið 1931 flutti Ibárruri til Madríd til að vinna sem blaðaritstjóri. Hún var handtekin í fyrsta skipti í september árið 1931. Í fangelsi taldi hún samfanga sína á að fara í hungurverkfall til að krefjast frelsis allra pólitískra fanga spænsku lýðveldisstjórnarinnar.

Andfasisti og femínisti
Árið 1933 tók Ibárruri þátt í stofnun kvennasamtakanna Mujeres Antifascistas sem hvöttu konur til að berjast gegn fasisma og stríði. Í nóvember árið 1933 ferðaðist hún til Moskvu sem fulltrúi á 13. allsherjarþingi framkvæmdastjórnar Alþjóðasamtaka kommúnista. Þar hélt hún ræður um ógnina af fasismanum og hættuna á yfirvofandi heimsstyrjöld.

Árið 1934 tók hún þátt í fyrstu alþjóðlegu kvennasamkomunni Rassemblement Mondial des Femmes contre la guerre et le fascisme, þar sem mælt var á móti stríði og fasisma, og haldin var frá 4. til 7. ágúst í Frakklandi. Ráðstefnunni var stýrt af Gabrielle Duchêne, forseta Frakklandsdeildar Alþjóðafélags kvenna fyrir friði og frelsi.

Eftir borgarastyrjöldina
Eftir lok spænsku borgarastyrjaldarinnar og flótta Ibárruri frá Spáni var hún útnefnd aðalritari miðstjórnar spænska kommúnistaflokksins. Hún hélt þeirri stöðu í 18 ár, frá 1942 til 1960. Eftir dauða Francisco Franco árið 1975 sneri hún aftur heim til Spánar og þegar fyrstu frjálsu þingkosningarnar voru haldnar eftir endurreisn lýðræðisins árið 1977 var hún kjörin á spænska þingið.

Ibárruri er talin meðal upphafsmanna evrókommúnisma. Ásamt Santiago Carrillo hafði hún gert leiðtogum Sovétríkjanna ljóst að spænskir kommúnistar myndu ekki styðja sovéska innrás í Tékkóslóvakíu. Þegar Sovétríkin réðust inn í Tékkóslóvakíu árið 1968 til að binda enda á vorið í Prag fordæmdu spænskir kommúnistar sovéska kommúnistaflokkinn opinberlega. Þetta stuðlaði að því að margir evrópskir kommúnistaflokkar byrjuðu að hafna fylgni við Sovétríkin.

Ibárruri lést árið 1989 úr lungnabólgu.

Eitt og annað
Þann 18. apríl árið 1933 uppgötvaði sovéski stjörnufræðingurinn Grígoríj N. Neújmín smástirni sem hann nefndi 1277 Dolores í höfðuðið á Dolores Ibárruri.

Ritverk
 Dolores Ibárruri: Speeches & Articles 1936-1938, New York, 1938.
 El único camino, Moskva, 1963.
 Memorias de Dolores Ibarruri, Pasionaria: la lucha y la vida, Barcelona, 1985.
 They Shall Not Pass: The Autobiography of La Pasionaria, New York, 1966.
 Memorias de Pasionaria, 1939-1977: Me faltaba Espana, Barcelona, 1984.

Tilvísanir

Fólk tengt spænsku borgarastyrjöldinni
Spænskir kommúnistar
Spænskir stjórnmálamenn

Dolores Ibárruri


Nabinagar es una ciudad de la India, en el distrito de Aurangabad, estado de Bihar.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 143  a 171 km de la capital estatal, Patna, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2011 contaba con una población de 23 167 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Bihar

Nabinagar


Stilpnolepis, rod jednogodišnjeg bilja iz porodice glavočika smješten u podtribus Artemisiinae. Postoje dvije vrste, obje iz Azije. Rastu po pustinjama i stepama Kine i Mongolije)

Vrste
 Stilpnolepis centiflora (Maxim.) Krasch.
 Stilpnolepis intricata (Franch.) C.Shih

Izvori

Artemisiinae

Stilpnolepis


An Elymus altissimus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Yi Li Keng, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Áskell Löve och B.Rong Lu. An Elymus altissimus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Elymus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Elymus

Elymus altissimus


Thomas Crapper (28 de setembro de 1836 - 27 de janeiro de 1910) foi um encanador e empresário inglês. Ele fundou a Thomas Crapper & Co em Londres, uma empresa de equipamentos de encanamento. Sua notoriedade em relação às privadas costuma ser exagerada, principalmente devido à publicação em 1969 de uma biografia fictícia do satírico neozelandês Wallace Reyburn.

Crapper detinha nove patentes, três delas para melhorias no banheiro, como a torneira flutuante. Ele melhorou a armadilha de encanamento S-bend em 1880, inventando a U-bend. A empresa possuiu o primeiro showroom de banheiros, toaletes e pias do mundo em King's Road. Crapper era conhecido pela qualidade de seus produtos e recebeu vários certificados reais.

Tampas de bueiro com o nome de sua empresa na Abadia de Westminster se tornaram uma das atrações turísticas de Londres.

Conquistas
Como o primeiro homem a montar showrooms públicos para exibição de louças sanitárias, ele ficou conhecido como um defensor do encanamento sanitário, popularizando a noção de instalação dentro das casas das pessoas. Ele também ajudou a refinar e desenvolver melhorias nos encanamentos e acessórios sanitários existentes na época.

Crapper detinha nove patentes, três delas para melhorias no banheiro, mas nenhuma para o próprio vaso sanitário.

Referências

Vasos sanitários
Mortos em 1910
Nascidos em 1836

Thomas Crapper


ජීව විද්‍යාවේ දී ව්‍යාධිජනකයෙක් () යනු රෝග සාදන ඕනෑම දෙයක් වේ. "ආසාදනකාරකයක්" (infectious agent) හෝ සරළව විෂ බීජයක් (germ) ලෙසද හැඳින්විය හැක.

pathogen නම් වන පදය 1880 ගණන් වලදී භාවිතයට ආ එකකි.

ආශ්‍රිත

 Antigenic escape
 Ecological competence
 Emerging Pathogens Institute
 Human pathogen
 Pathogen-Host Interaction Database (PHI-base)

මූලාශ්‍ර

භාහිර සබැඳි
 Pronunciation Guide to Microorganisms (1)
 Pronunciation Guide to Microorganisms (2)

බෝවන රෝග

ව්‍යාධිජනක


القَبضة هي وحدة قياس طولي وهي أربعة أصابع.

مقدار القبضة
 عند الحنفية 7.728 سنتيمتر.
 المالكية 5.888 سنتيمتر.
 وعند الحنابلة والشافعية: 10.304 سنتيمتر.

المصدر
 كتاب حقيقة الدينار والدرهم والصاع والمد لأبي العباس أحمد العزفي السبتي.
 علي جمعة المكاييل والموازين الشرعية.

مراجع

وحدات طول شرعية

قبضة (وحدة طول)


The swift fox (Vulpes velox) is a small light orange-tan fox around the size of a domestic cat found in the western grasslands of North America, such as Montana, Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma  and Texas. It also lives in southern Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta in Canada, where it was previously extirpated. It is closely related to the kit fox (V. macrotis) and some mammalogists classify them as conspecific. However, molecular systematics imply that the two species are distinct. Interbreeding between the two species does occur where their ranges overlap (eastern New Mexico and western Texas), but this hybridization is quite restricted in scope.

The swift fox lives primarily in short-grass prairies and deserts. It became nearly extinct in the 1930s as a result of predator control programs, but was successfully reintroduced later. Currently, the conservation status of the species is considered by the IUCN as Least Concern owing to stable populations elsewhere.

Like most canids, the swift fox is an omnivore, and its diet includes grasses and fruits as well as small mammals, carrion, and insects. In the wild, its lifespan is 3 to 6 years, and it breeds once annually, from late December to March, depending on the geographic region. Pups are born anywhere from March to mid-May, and are weaned at six to seven weeks old.

Description

The swift fox has a dark, grayish, tan coloration that extends to a yellowish tan color across its sides and legs. The throat, chest, and belly range from pale yellow to white in color. Its tail is black-tipped, and it has black patches on its muzzle. Its ears are noticeably large. It is about 12 inches (30 cm) in height, and 31 inches (79 cm) long, measuring from the head to the tip of the tail, or about the size of a domestic cat. Its weight ranges from around five to seven pounds. Males and females are similar in appearance, although males are slightly larger.

Distribution and habitat
The swift fox lives in  short-grass prairies and western grassland. They form their dens in sandy soil on open prairies, in plowed fields, or along fences. It is native to the Great Plains region of North America, and its range extends north to the southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, and south to Texas. It reaches from western Iowa to Colorado, Kansas, Wyoming, Nebraska, and Montana.

Conservation status
The swift fox was once a severely endangered species, due to predator control programs in the 1930s that were aimed mostly at the gray wolf and the coyote. The species was extirpated from Canada by 1938, but a reintroduction program started in 1983 has been successful in establishing small populations in southeast Alberta and southwest Saskatchewan, despite the fact that many reintroduced individuals do not survive their first year. Nonetheless, by 1996, 540 foxes had been released around the Alberta-Saskatchewan border and Milk River Ridge areas, parts of the species' original native range. Four years later, those introduced foxes had tripled in number, making the program one of the most successful endangered species reintroduction programs in the world. In May 1999, the Species at Risk Act listed the swift fox as an endangered species in Canada, giving the species further protection for growth. A small, but stable and growing population continues to live freely in the southeastern regions of Alberta, and southwestern regions of Saskatchewan. Canada's national recovery strategy plan was revised in 2008 by the National Swift Fox Recovery Team, with projections of a long-term goal by 2026, "to restore a self-sustaining swift fox population of 1,000 or more mature, reproducing foxes that does not experience greater than a 30% population reduction in any 10-year period".

Exact population numbers of the swift fox are unknown, but it is known that they currently inhabit only 40% of their historic range. In addition to its populations in Canada, there are also swift fox populations in the United States, ranging from South Dakota to Texas. In 1995, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service determined that the fox warranted an endangered listing, but other higher priority species precluded its listing. This prompted state wildlife agencies within the fox's range to create the Swift Fox Conservation Team, which worked to implement better swift fox management and monitoring programs. Populations in the United States are stable in the central part of its range, and it is not considered endangered in the United States. The IUCN Red List characterizes it as of Least Concern.

Behavior and ecology

In the wild, the swift fox usually lives 40-50 years, but may live up to 60 years in captivity. It is primarily nocturnal, spending only evenings and nighttime above ground in the summer. Daytime activities are usually confined to the den, but it has been known to spend the warm midday period above ground during the winter. Due to the harsh winter conditions where the swift fox can be found, there is an increase in mortality rates. The swift fox is more heavily dependent on its den than most North American canids, using them as shelter from predators. These dens are usually burrows that are two to four meters in length. It has been known to run very fast, at speeds of over .  or up to   The coyote is the swift fox's main predator, but often chooses not to consume the swift fox. Other predators include the American badger, golden eagle, and bobcat. It is also vulnerable to trapping and poisoning, as well as death on highways.

Reproduction
Swift foxes are a socially monogamous species, although multiple breeding strategies have been observed. The adult swift fox's breeding season varies with region. In the southern United States, it mates between December and February with pups born in March and early April, while in Canada, the breeding season begins in March, and pups are born in mid-May. The male swift fox matures and may mate at one year, while the female usually waits until her second year before breeding. Adults live in pairs, and although some individuals mate for life, others choose different partners each year. Gestation takes around 51 days, and four to five kits are born.

The swift fox only has one litter annually, but may occupy up to thirteen dens in one year, moving because prey is scarce or because skin parasites build up inside the den. Sometimes it makes other burrows from other bigger animals, even though it is completely capable of digging one on its own. Pups are born in the den and typically remain there for approximately one month. A newborn pup's eyes and ears remain closed for ten to fifteen days, leaving it dependent on the mother for food and protection during this time. It is usually weaned around six or seven weeks old and remains with its parents until fall. Recent research has shown that social organization in the swift fox is unusual among canids, since it is based on the females. Females maintain territories at all times, but males emigrate if the resident female is killed or removed.

Diet
Like most foxes, the swift fox is an omnivore. Rabbits, mice, ground squirrels, birds, insects, other arthropods, lizards, amphibians, fish and eggs are staples. Grasses and fruits round out its diet. However, like any efficient forager, the swift fox takes advantage of seasonal foods. During the summer, adults eat large amounts of insects, including beetles and grasshoppers, and feed their young with larger prey items. Deer and other carrion killed by other animals may also be important food sources.

References

External links

 Watch the documentary Return of the Swift Fox and featuring Miles Smeeton at 11 mins 50 sec.
 Moving Back Home Together: Rarest Native Animals Find Haven on Tribal Lands

Fauna of the Great Plains
Fauna of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
swift fox
Mammals of Canada
Mammals of the United States
swift fox

Swift fox


An Dignathia villosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Charles Edward Hubbard. An Dignathia villosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dignathia, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Somalia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dignathia

Dignathia villosa


Lake Thun () is an Alpine lake in the Bernese Oberland in Switzerland named after the city of Thun, on its northern shore. At  in surface area, it is the largest Swiss lake entirely within a single canton.

The lake was created after the last glacial period. After the 10th century, it split from Lake Brienz, before which the two lakes were combined, as Wendelsee ("Lake Wendel"). The culminating point of the lake's drainage basin is the Finsteraarhorn at  above sea level.

Lake Thun's approximate  catchment area frequently causes local flooding after heavy rainfalls. This occurs because the river Aare (), which drains Lake Thun, has only limited capacity to handle the excess runoff. The lake is fed by water from Lake Brienz to the southeast, which is  higher than Lake Thun, and various streams in the Oberland, including the Kander.

In 1835, passenger steamships began operating regularly on the lake. Ten passenger ships, operated by the local railway company BLS AG like , serve the towns of Interlaken and Thun; the Interlaken ship canal and Thun ship canal connect the lake to Interlaken West railway station and Thun railway station respectively.

Following World War II and up until 1964, the Swiss Government disposed of unused munitions into Lake Thun.  The quantity of munitions dumped is reported to be from 3,000 to more than 9,020 tons.

References

External links

 Lake Thun Tourism Portal
 The River Aare sluices

Thun
Thun
Bernese Oberland
LThun
Thun
Lakes of the Alps

Lake Thun


Karel Marinus Choennie (Suriname, 20 de dezembro de 1958) é um clérigo surinamês e bispo católico romano da diocese de Paramaribo.

Karel Choennie nasceu em uma grande família, ele é o quarto de onze irmãos. Ele estudou na Universidade Católica de Nijmegen, onde se formou em educação. Ele continuou seus estudos no Seminário Regional de St. John Maria Vianney em Port of Spain e formou-se em Teologia Pastoral pela Universidade Católica de Louvain. Recebeu o sacramento da ordenação em 30 de setembro de 1985 para a Diocese de Paramaribo.

Além de várias tarefas na pastoral paroquial, de 1999 a 2003 foi vigário episcopal na diocese de Paramaribo. Em 2001 assumiu a direção da paróquia de São Clemente em Paramaribo. Além disso, foi Vigário Geral da Diocese de Paramaribo de 2005 a 2014.

Em 11 de novembro de 2015, o Papa Francisco o nomeou Bispo de Paramaribo.  Seu predecessor, Wilhelmus de Bekker, consagrou-o bispo em 24 de janeiro do ano seguinte. Os co-consagradores foram o Arcebispo de Port of Spain, Joseph Everard Harris CSSp e o Arcebispo de Nassau, Patrick Christopher Pinder.

Ver também

Bispos católicos do Suriname

Karel Marinus Choennie


صكير حار أو صقير حار أو ساكر حار، هو الملك الهكسوسي الغامض الذي حكم في الأسرة الخامسة عشر في مصر القديمة في عصر الفترة الانتقالية الثانية.

وقد تم الكشف عنه بواسطة مانفريد بيتاك، الذي وجد اسمه منقوشًا على دعامة باب مكتشفة حديثًا في تل الضبعة في مصر القديمة.

قراءات إضافية
 I. Hein (ed), Pharaonen und Fremde - Dynastien im Dunkeln, Vienna 1994, 150-152, No. 126 (photographic picture of the doorjamb)
 Kim Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period c.1800-1550 B.C., Museum Tuscalanum Press, (1997), 463 pages, ISBN 87-7289-421-0

مراجع

سنة الوفاة غير معروفة
سنة الولادة غير معروفة
ملوك الهكسوس

صكير حار


Münster-Rumphorst, Almanya'nın Kuzey Ren-Vestfalya eyaletinde, Münster kentine bağlı bölge. Münster-Mitte idari merkezine bağlıdır. Kent merkezinin kuzeydoğusunda yer alan semt, yaklaşık 8.000 kişilik nüfusa sahiptir.

Münster'in ilçeleri

Münster-Rumphorst


Aceasta este o listă de filme britanice din 2017:

Lista

Ianuarie – martie

Aprilie – iunie

Iulie – septembrie

Octombrie – decembrie

Note

Legături externe
 Filme britanice din 2017 la Internet Movie Database

Vezi și
2017 în Marea Britanie
2017 în film
2017 în televiziune

 *Listă
britanice
Liste de filme britanice

Listă de filme britanice din 2017


Djibril Diani, né le  à Créteil (Val-de-Marne), est un footballeur français qui évolue au poste de défenseur central et milieu défensif au SM Caen.

Biographie

En club
D'origine malienne, Djibril Diani commence le football à Choisy-le-Roi, où il fait ses premiers pas jusqu'en 2013, avant d'être repéré par le Racing Club de Lens. Il y effectue toutes ses classes jusqu'à atteindre l'équipe réserve, mais finalement, il ne sera pas conservé par le club nordiste en raison de différends contractuels.

C'est en Suisse que Diani va signer, puisqu'il va s'engager avec le Grasshopper Zurich, club le plus titré de la Super League suisse. Après un passage par l'équipe réserve du club, il intègre progressivement l'équipe première, mais ne peut empêcher la relégation du club en Challenge League pour la première fois en 70 ans. Il continue cependant à être utilisé en deuxième division.

En février 2021, il est prêté pour six mois au club de Livingston FC en Scottish Premiership. Mais l'expérience tourne court en raison de problèmes administratifs, il ne joue que cinq matchs avant de retourner au Grasshopper Zurich, qui entre-temps a obtenu sa promotion en Superleague suisse.

Après trois saisons et demi jouées avec le club helvète, il décide de retourner en France, et s'engage pour deux ans et demi avec le Stade Malherbe de Caen, alors en Ligue 2.

En sélection
Au cours de sa formation avec le RC Lens, il est appelé en équipe de France des moins de 16 ans entre 2013 et 2014. Il jouera neuf matchs avec cette sélection, pour deux buts inscrits.

Statistiques

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur français
Joueur du Grasshopper Club Zurich
Joueur du Livingston FC
Joueur du SM Caen
Naissance en février 1998
Naissance à Créteil

Djibril Diani


شهدت هذه العام تألق اللاعبة سوزان لنغلين (سوزان لينغلن) التي كررت إنجازها بالفوز بجميع البطولات التي دخلتها تلك السنة; وهي فردي سيدات; زوجي سيدات وزوجي مختلط, وأيضاً هذه البطولة كانت أول بطولة يفوز فيها أمريكيون وهنا فينسينت ريتشارد وهاورد كينسي في زوجي الرجال.

وهنا قائمة البطولات الفرنسية لعام 1926 (المعروفة الآن باسم دورة رولان غاروس) :

الكبار

فردي رجال

 هنري كوهيت هزم  رينيه لاكوست, النتيجة:6-2, 6-4, 6-3

فردي سيدات

 سوزان لينغلن هزمت  ماري كيندال براوني, النتيجة:6-1, 6-0

زوجي رجال
 فينسين ريتشاردز و هاورد كاينساي هزما  هنري كوهيت وجاكويز برونغن, النتيجة:6-4, 6-1, 4-6, 6-4

زوجي سيدات
 سوزان لينغلن و جولي فاليستو هزمتا  إيفيلاين كولاير و كيتي ماككين, النتيجة:6-1, 6-1

زوجي مختلط
 سوزان لينغلن و جاكويز بروغنون هزما  سوزان لينيسبرينايس و جيان بوروترا, النتيجة:6-4, 6-3

مراجع

باريس في 1926
أحداث يونيو 1926 الرياضية
دورات رولان غاروس
دورات رولان غاروس حسب السنة
رياضة فرنسية في 1926
كرة المضرب في 1926
كرة مضرب فرنسية في 1926

البطولات الفرنسية 1926 (كرة مضرب)


Mel and Kim (stylized as MӗL & KIM) were an English pop duo, consisting of sisters Melanie and Kim Appleby. Originally managed by Alan Whitehead, they achieved success between 1986 and 1988, before Melanie died of cancer in January 1990 at the age of 23.

The duo reached number one in the UK Singles Chart with their 1987 single "Respectable", which also topped the US dance chart. They had three other UK Top 10 hits with "Showing Out (Get Fresh at the Weekend)" (1986), "F.L.M." (1987) and "That's the Way It Is" (1988). In 1988, they were nominated for a Brit Award for Best British Breakthrough Act. After Mel's death, Kim embarked on a solo career and had two UK Top 10 hits with "Don't Worry" (1990) and "G.L.A.D." (1991).

Biography
Mel & Kim were born to English and Jamaican parents. In 1985, Mel recorded two demos solo, under Alan Whitehead's management. Soon after, her sister Kim joined her and they performed as a duo, recording some demos. The demos got them signed with Supreme Records, and Nick East - president of Supreme - put them in touch with producers Stock Aitken Waterman.

"I remember we were shocked that these were the guys who produced the Princess track ['Say I'm Your Number One'] because we were expecting someone like Quincy Jones," Kim said of her first meeting with the production team. "We were convinced that they had some young groovy guy who was doing all the work, and they were just fronting it."

A sedate soul-pop track "System" was intended as their first single, but their producers were unhappy with it, and it became the "B-side" of their first release "Showing Out (Get Fresh at the Weekend)". After getting to know the girls, producer Pete Waterman became convinced the act's music should reflect their feisty and streetwise personalities, with the then-emerging Chicago House sound chosen as a perfect vehicle.

"We got a call from Nick East, saying they had decided to scrap 'System' and we were devastated," Kim said. "We thought we had done something wrong, but he explained that after hanging with us in the pub, Pete went back to the studio the next day and said, we need something completely tough; we need something with an attitude."

The reorientation worked; "Showing out" reached number three on the British charts in 1986. It was a minor hit in America peaking at #78, but did peak at #1 on the Dance Chart there. Their next single "Respectable" reached number one in Britain, and sold in excess of 800,000 copies there. "The follow up was genius," recalled Kim "It started to go global; 'Respectable' just took it to another level." The sisters became well-known celebrities in Europe, particularly in Britain, and were known for their visual style which combined urban street wear with high fashion (prior to their music career Mel had worked as a glamour model). Their third single "F.L.M." reached number seven in the UK, while their final single "That's the Way It Is" reached number ten, giving them an unbroken run of top ten hits in the UK. In February 1988, they were nominated for Best British Breakthrough Act at the Brit Awards, losing out to Wet Wet Wet.

In 1985, prior to the duo's recording career, Mel was treated for malignant paraganglioma, a form of cancer, on her liver.  By January 1987, Mel was experiencing back problems, delaying the filming of the "Respectable" music video.  During a promotional visit to Japan in June 1987, Mel's back pain worsened, rendering her unable to perform, and she returned to the UK in a wheelchair.   A recurrence of the cancer was detected in Mel's spine after undergoing tests at Barts.  The sisters withdrew from publicity while Mel underwent treatment, while trying to keep the diagnosis secret from the public and many colleagues. Planned studio time with PWL engineer Yoyo, where the sisters intended to work on developing their own compositions, was cancelled.

Footage from their Montreux Festival performance was used to compile the "F.L.M." music video, with the sisters mainly represented by a pair of lookalike marionettes. While the media speculated that Mel was being treated for cancer, both sisters categorically denied this, stating that Mel had suffered a debilitating back injury.

Kim later confessed she was "devastated" by the widely-panned "F.L.M." video, having not been consulted on its contents, and only seeing it for the first time when it was aired on TV. The singer, who said that her sister Mel was equally dissatisfied with the clip, added that she would have preferred that no video was released at all. Nick East retrospectively described the video as a "mistake."

Mel and Kim released a new single in February 1988, "That's the Way It Is", becoming their fourth consecutive UK top 10 hit. Mel discharged herself from hospital to record the vocals for the track. The B-side, "You Changed My Life", was composed by the sisters during Mel's treatment and was submitted to the producers as a potential single. Work on a second album produced by Stock Aitken Waterman was not continued, due to Mel's illness. Both sisters appeared on the Wogan show in April 1988 while Mel was still undergoing treatment, as part of European Cancer Week. Later in late summer 1988, after Mel had finished chemotherapy, the duo appeared on Good Morning Britain to promote the need for teenage cancer wards in British hospitals.

The sisters then again withdrew from publicity while writing songs for a second album; several of these songs later appeared on Kim's debut solo album.  In a TV interview with Trisha Goddard in 2005, Kim revealed that she knew Mel's illness was terminal in mid-1989.  On 18 January 1990, Mel died suddenly of pneumonia after contracting a cold; her immune system weakened by chemotherapy.

In January 2018, the release of a previously unreleased unfinished demo track, "Where Is Love", was announced on the official Mel & Kim website. It was released in February 2018.

After Mel and Kim
With the aid of her then boyfriend, ex-Bros bassist Craig Logan, Kim launched a solo career with much of her debut solo album composed of songs co-written with Mel, for what was intended to be the next "Mel and Kim" album. The album, Kim Appleby, contained her debut solo single "Don't Worry", which reached number two on the British charts in November 1990. A follow-up single "G.L.A.D" was also a UK Top 10 hit. Subsequent singles from her debut album were "Mama" [#19] and "If You Cared" [#44]. Kim's second album Breakaway was not a commercial success and had a limited release. She released three further singles, "Light of the World" [#41, 1993], "Breakaway" [#56, 1993], and "Free Spirit" [#51, 1994]. A download-only single called "High" was released in 2007.

In 2010, a deluxe double-disc edition of F.L.M. was released, which included extended bonus tracks as well as the single "That's The Way It Is" and various remixes of the original hits.

In October 2019, Cherry Red Records released a seven-disc Mel & Kim CD singles box set.

Discography

Studio albums

Compilation albums
The Best of Mel & Kim (1996)
That's the Way It Is – The Best of Mel & Kim/Kim Appleby (2001)
F.L.M. – The Best of Mel & Kim/Kim Appleby (2002)

Remix albums
Something Special (1989)

Box sets
The Singles Box Set (2019)

Singles

References

External links
 Mel & Kim website
 Kim Appleby official website

Musical groups established in 1986
Musical groups disestablished in 1990
20th-century English singers
20th-century English women singers
Black British musical groups
English dance girl groups
English pop girl groups
English pop music duos
Dance-pop groups
Female musical duos
Musical groups from London
Sibling musical duos

Mel and Kim


Cazinoul (în prezent Casa de Cultură a Sindicatelor) este un monument de arhitectură din Bistrița.

Istoric
Imobilul a fost construit din piatră, în anul 1892, și este prevăzut cu trei niveluri: subsol, parter și etaj. Accesul în imobil se face printr–un portic, prevăzut cu patru stâlpi, ce susțin un balcon dreptunghiular, spre care se deschid trei uși îmbinate, semicirculare, din sala de spectacol.

Fațada superioară este împodobită cu tablouri și ornamentații florale scoase în relief. Clădirea se termină deasupra cornișei cu un atic menit să mascheze acoperișul.

De-a lungul timpului, clădirea a avut destinații diferite: pentru un timp a funcționat aici Cercul Cultural Bistrițean, iar între anii 1900–1912 Gimnaziul de fete. După Primul Război Mondial, edificiul a adăpostit Cazinoul Ofițerilor, iar în anul 1942, Cazinoul Maghiar. Din anul 1946, Cercul Cultural Bistrița și–a reluat activitatea în această locație, pentru ca din anul 1960 să funcționeze în clădire Consiliul raional al sindicatelor. În anul 1968 imobilul a fost trecut în proprietatea Uniunii Generale a Sindicatelor din România, cu destinația de Casa de Cultură a Sindicatelor.

Imobilul cuprinde o sală de spectacole, care are 200 locuri, o bibliotecă, săli pentru cursuri și cercuri tehnico–aplicative.

Note

Monumente istorice din județul Bistrița-Năsăud
Județul Bistrița-Năsăud
Clădiri din Bistrița

Cazinoul din Bistrița


I. Ahmed (Osmanlı Türkçesi: احمد اول, Ahmed-i evvel, Divan Edebiyatı'ndaki mahlasıyla Bahtî; 18 Nisan 1590, Manisa – 22 Kasım 1617, İstanbul), 14. Osmanlı padişahı ve 93. İslâm halifesidir. Sultan III. Mehmed ve Handan Sultan'ın oğludur. Sancağa gitmeyip tahta çıkan ilk Osmanlı padişahıdır. Saltanatı boyunca sefere gitmemiştir. Saltanatında Celali isyanları bastırılmıştır. Tarihi yarımadada bulunan ve Mavi Camii olarak da bilinen Sultanahmet Camii, 1609-1617 yılları arasında saltanatı döneminde yaptırılmıştır.

Şehzadeliği
I. Ahmed 18 Nisan 1590 tarihinde babası Şehzade Mehmed'in sancak beyi olduğu Manisa şehrinde doğdu. Annesi Handan Sultan'dır. 1595 yılına gelindiğinde dedesi III. Murad vefat edince babası III. Mehmed ile beraber İstanbul'a geldi. Kendisinden önce Selim, Cihangir ve Mahmud isminde üç ağabeyi daha olan Şehzade Ahmed ve ikinci eş durumunda olan annesi Handan Sultan güçsüz bir konumdaydılar. Fakat Şehzade Selim ve Şehzade Cihangir'in erken ölümü ile Şehzade Mahmud en büyük şehzade olarak veliaht ilan edildi. Fakat Şehzade Mahmud'un annesi olan Halime Sultan'ın müneccime oğlunun tahta çıkması konusunda soru sorduğu mektup Safiye Sultan'ın eline geçince, muhtemelen Handan Sultan ile de iş birliği yapan Safiye Sultan torununu öldürmesi için oğlu Sultan Mehmed'i ikna etti. Tahta kast edebileceği yönünde dedikoduların artması üzerine III. Mehmed'in emriyle 7 Haziran 1603 günü Şehzade Mahmud dairesinde boğduruldu. Böylece hiç umut yokken Şehzade Ahmed'e tahtın yolu açıldı. Aradan 6 ay kadar geçtikten sonra da babası Sultan Mehmed aniden öldü.

Şehzade Ahmed kendisini yetiştiren annesi sebebiyle oldukça dindar bir padişah olarak bilinir ve yaptırdığı Sultan Ahmet Camii de bunun bir nişanesi sayılabilir.

Saltanatı

Babası III. Mehmed'in vefatı üzerine hemen ertesi gün apar topar vuku bulan cülus töreni 22 Aralık tarihinde ya da 21 Aralık 1603 Pazar günü sabahı gerçekleşmiştir. Nasıl ki babası kendinden evvelki sultanlara nazaran en genç yaşta hayatını kaybetmiş hükümdar ise I. Ahmed de o vakte kadar babasının vefatıyla tahta geçenlerin arasındaki en genç hükümdardır. Eyüp Sultan'da kılıç kuşanarak tahta geçen ve I. Süleyman'dan sonraki padişahlar içinde devlet işleriyle yoğun şekilde uğraşan ilk padişah olarak kabul edilen I. Ahmed ilk yıllarında daha pasif bir padişahlık sürdürdü.

Saltanatının ilk iki yılı

I. Ahmed tahta çok küçük yaşta çıktığı için yarı naibe rolüyle Handan Sultan oğlu için bir öğretici oldu. Bu konuda Leslie Peirce, Handan Sultan'ın oğlu döneminde çok güçlü biri olduğunu ve tecrübesiz oğlu için zihinsel anlamda pek çok şeyi aşıladığını ve geri planda devleti yönettiğini varsaymaktadır. Oğlu üzerinde etkili olan annesinin etkisiyle sultan Ahmed ilk iş olarak tahta çıkışından 19 gün sonra büyük bir alayın refakatinde Safiye Sultan'ı Eski Saray'a göndertti. Böylece devleti kötü yönde etkileyen bir ekip de saraydan uzaklaştırılmış oldu. Sonraki diğer kararlarında da annesinin etkili olduğu açıktır.

Sultan I. Ahmet tahta geçtiği sırada Avusturya Savaşı devam ediyordu. Osmanlı kuvvetleri Belgrad'dan Budin'e doğru ilerlemekteydi. Peşte (25 Eylül 1604) ve Hatvan kaleleri savaş yapılmadan kolaylıkla ele geçirildi. Osmanlı ordusu ilerleyerek Budin'in kuzeyinde bulunan Vaç Kalesi'ni ele geçirdi (16 Ekim 1604). Osmanlı Ordusu, Sultan I. Ahmet'in buyruğu üzerine Belgrad üzerinden Budin'e yürüdü. 29 Ağustos 1605'te Estergon Kalesi kuşatıldı ve tam karşısındaki Štúrovo kalesi fethedildi. 8 Eylül'de Vişegrad, 19 Eylül'de Tepelenë (Tepedelen) kaleleri fethedildi. 3 Ekim 1605'te ise Estergon Kalesi teslim alındı.

12 Kasım 1605 günü annesini kaybeden I. Ahmed için yeni akıl alacağı kişi Derviş Paşa olmuştu. Devam eden zorlu seferler Osmanlı Devleti'nin belini bükünce artık paşalar diğer devletler ile daha iyi ilişkiler kurma yoluna girmek isteyecektir.

Zitvatorok Antlaşması

Osmanlılar da, Avusturyalılar da art arda yapılan bunca savaştan dolayı sosyal ve ekonomik yönden çok yıpranmışlardı. Daha önce yapılan barış görüşmelerinden bir sonuç çıkmamıştı. Ancak 11 Kasım 1606'da Estergon-Komorom arasında Zitva suyunun Tuna Irmağı'na döküldüğü yerde imzalanan Zitvatorok Antlaşmasıyla barış sağlandı.

Antlaşmaya göre Eğri, Estergon, Kanije kaleleri Osmanlılar'da, Yanıkkale ve Komarom kaleleri Avusturyalılar'da kalacaktı. Avusturya bir kereye mahsus olmak üzere 200.000 altın savaş tazminatı ödeyecekti. Avusturya Arşidükü protokolde Osmanlı Padişahı'na eşit sayılacak ve Osmanlı padişahı Avusturya Arşidükü'ne yazışmalarda Kutsal-Roma İmparatoru (Sezar/Kayser/Caesar) unvanıyla hitap edecek, her üç yılda bir karşılıklı armağanlar gönderilecekti. Avusturya'nın Macaristan için ödemekte olduğu yıllık 30.000 altın vergi ise kaldırılacaktı. Zitvatorok Antlaşması, Osmanlılar'ın lehine gibi görünse de Osmanlı Devleti artık eski gücünde değildi. Bu antlaşma ile Osmanlı Devleti'nin Avusturya karşısındaki üstünlüğü sona ermiş, siyasi dengeler Osmanlı aleyhine bozulmaya başlamıştır. Bu barış antlaşmasının Osmanlı Devleti'nin imzalandığı en istifadeli antlaşma olduğu kabul edilmektedir.

Dönemindeki Önemli Olaylar

Anadolu beyliklerinin en uzun ömürlülerinden birisi olan Ramazanoğulları Beyliği, Yavuz Sultan Selim döneminde 1514 yılından sonra ise Osmanlılar'a tabi olmuştu. I. Ahmet dönemine denk gelen 1608 yılından sonra Adana'nın Halep'e; Kozan ve Tarsus'un da Kıbrıs Beylerbeyiliği'ne bağlanmasıyla Ramazanoğulları Beyliği sona ermiştir.

Safevilerle ilişkiler

Sultan I. Ahmet tahta geçtiği sırada, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu batıda Avusturya, doğuda Safevi Devleti ile savaş halindeydi. Osmanlı ordusu Sinan Paşa komutasında Nahçıvan üzerinden Revan'a yürüdü. Bu arada yeniçeriler Van'a dönülmesini istiyorlardı. Osmanlı ordusu kışı Van'da geçirdi.

Tebriz'i geri almak için yapılan savaşta Osmanlı ordusu, Şah I. Abbas'ın ordularını Selmas yörelerinde yendi. Ancak Erzurum Beylerbeyi Sefer Paşa'nın çekilen düşman kuvvetlerini izleyip asıl ordudan ayrılmasını fırsat bilen Şah Abbas, ordu merkezine ani bir saldırıda bulundu. Yenilgiye uğrayan Sinan Paşa önce Van'a, daha sonra da Diyarbakır'a çekildi. Şah Abbas Şirvan, Şamahı ve Gence'yi kolaylıkla ele geçirdi. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Avrupa'da devam eden Avusturya Savaşı ve iç isyanlarla uğraştığı için İran cephesinde başarılı olamıyordu. Sadrazam Nasuh Paşa, Şah Abbas'ın barış önerisini kabul etti.

1612 yılında yapılan Nasuh Paşa Antlaşması'yla 9 yıl süren Osmanlı-Safevi Savaşı sona erdi. Yapılan antlaşmayla, Safeviler Osmanlı Devleti'ne 200 deve yükü ipek vermeyi kabul ettiler. 1615 yılına kadar süren barış dönemi Şah Abbas'ın antlaşmayı bozması üzerine sona erdi. Yapılan savaşlarda Osmanlılar çok kayıp verdi. Sultan II. Osman döneminde, Nasuh Paşa Antlaşması temel alınarak yapılan Serav Antlaşması ile barış tekrar sağlanacaktır (26 Eylül 1618).

Celali isyanları

Yavuz Sultan Selim döneminde binlerce taraftarı ile ayaklanan Bozoklu Celal, Osmanlı Devleti için büyük problem olmuştu. Bu isyanlar bastırıldı ise de Anadolu'da meydana gelen iç isyanlar ve karışıklıklara yine Celali İsyanları denildi. Sultan I. Ahmet döneminde Celali İsyanları tekrar patlak verdi. Tavil Ahmed, Canboladoğlu, Kalenderoğlu ve Deli Hasan ayaklanmaları bunlardan en önemlileridir. Sadrazam Kuyucu Murad Paşa'nın ısrarlı ve sert politikaları sonunda Celali İsyanları zor da olsa bastırıldı.

Ölümü
Sultan I. Ahmed yakalandığı tifüs hastalığından kurtulamayarak 21 Kasım'ı 22 Kasım'a bağlayan gece 1617 yılında 27 yaşında öldü. Halkın sevdiği padişah Sultanahmet Camii yanındaki türbesine defnedildi. Kendisinden sonra getirdiği sisteme uygun olarak kardeşi I. Mustafa tahta geçti.

Islahatlar

Yeni Veraset Sistemi

I. Ahmed saltanatında hanedan veraset sistemini değiştirip kardeş katli kanununu kaldırmıştır. Yerine ailenin aklı başındaki en büyük üyesi padişah olur sistemini (Ekber ve erşad sistemi) getirmiştir. Bu yeni kanunun şehzadeler arasındaki rekabetin ve taht kavgalarının taht için gerçekleştirilen kardeş katlinin önlenmesi açısından Osmanlı tarihinde çok büyük önemi vardır.

Ekber ve erşed sistemi
I. Murad döneminde Şehzade İbrahim ve Halil'in boğdurtulmasıyla başlayıp Fatih Sultan Mehmed döneminde kanunlaşan kardeş katli kanununu kaldırmıştır. Yerine Ekber ve erşad sistemini (ailenin aklı başında olan en büyük üyesi) getirmiştir. Böylece oğullarından üçü padişah olmuştur. Bunlar sırası ile II. Osman, IV. Murad ve İbrahim'dir. Ayrıca kardeşi I.Mustafa'yı da önceki padişahlar gibi öldürtmemiş, yaşamasına izin vermiştir. Nitekim kardeşi Mustafa da padişah olmuştur. Bu yeni kanun, kardeş katlini önlemesi açısından Osmanlı tarihinde büyük bir öneme sahiptir.

Mimari çalışmaları
Sultan Ahmet Camii

İstanbul'daki tarihî yarımadada, Mimar Sedefkâr Mehmed Ağa'ya yaptırılmıştır. 4 Ocak 1610'da altı büyük minareli ve 16 şerefeli Sultanahmet Camii'nin temel atma merasimi yapıldı. Dinine bağlı bir insan olan Sultan I. Ahmet, caminin temelleri kazılırken eteğinde toprak taşıdı. 9 Haziran 1617'de inşaatı biten Sultanahmet Camii ibadete açıldı.

Ayrıca Şehzadebaşı Kuyucu Murad Paşa Külliyesi, İstanbul Mesih Paşa Camii, Elmalı Ömer Paşa Camii onun zamanında yaptırılan önemli mimari eserler arasındadır.

Ailesi

Eşleri
 Mahfiruz Hatice Sultan - II. Osman ve Hanzade Sultan 'nın ,annesidir.
 Mahpeyker Kösem Sultan - Şehzade Mehmed, Ayşe Sultan, Fatma Sultan, Şehzade Selim, Şehzade Orhan, IV. Murad, Şehzade Kâsım, Atike Sultan, İbrahim.

Erkek çocukları

Kız çocukları

Popüler kültürdeki yeri
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 8 Ekim 2015'te başlayan Muhteşem Yüzyıl Kösem adlı Türk dizisinde Sultan Ahmed karakterini Ekin Koç canlandırılmıştır.

Kaynakça

Dış kaynaklar

   s. 200-209

1590 doğumlular
1617 yılında ölenler
17. yüzyıl liderleri
17. yüzyılda Osmanlılar
Çocuk hükümdarlar
İstanbul'da defnedilenler
İstanbul'da kanserden ölenler
Manisa doğumlular
Mide kanserinden ölenler
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu duraklama dönemi
17. yüzyılda Osmanlı padişahları
İki kutsal caminin hizmetkârları

I. Ahmed