Gongora, abbreviated Gga in horticultural trade, is a member of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It consists of 65 species known from Central America, Trinidad, and tropical South America, with most species found in Colombia. They grow across a wide geographical range, from wet forests at sea level, to mountainous regions in the Andes, as high as 1,800 m.

The name comes from Antonio Caballero y Gongora, a viceroy of New Granada (Colombia and Ecuador) and the governor of Peru during the Ruiz and Pavón botanical expedition.

Gongora was one of the first orchids described by a European. Several new Gongora orchids have been discovered in the 2000s-2010s, whilst many others have been re-grouped under different classifications. Yet there is still some confusion; Many species lack "appropriate" descriptions. Some species, such as Gongora portentosa and Gongora superflua, are extremely isolated in population. DNA fingerprinting will, in time, contribute to an exact taxonomy of this genus.

All species in this genus are epiphytes, with a sympodial growth.  The white aerial roots are very thin, growing in a dense mound. Some roots will travel, seeking out additional anchoring and nutrients, growing vertically/sideways rather than simply hanging down. This specialisation helps in forming the anchorage of the plant to its "host" tree.

Many of these orchids are found in association with ant nests; the ants are, in turn, attracted to nectar droplets from the plant, as well as any pest insects (aphid, mealybug, etc.) that may be present on the orchid. However, the ants do not prey on these pests; the bugs suck sap from the orchid (or any plant), and ultimately create waste excrement in the form of a "sweet" liquid, referred to as honeydew. Ants find this addicting; they will meticulously maintain the pest insect's population by caring for them, and guarding them, on the orchid plant. Whenever an ant is fatigued, they will simply approach an aphid/mealybug and "tap" its abdomen, communicating they are ready to "feed".

The conical pseudobulbs are ridged and are about 8 cm long. In some species, such as Gongora similis, the pseudobulb can produce up to six inflorescences in succession. Two alternate leaves originate from the end of each pseudobulb. The leaves are rather leathery and heavily veined, growing to a length of about 30 cm.

The racemose inflorescence grows from the base of the pseudobulbs. The stem first grows upright, but bends early in development and becomes pendulous. The numerous flowers hang upside down, with the lip upwards. The almost circularly bent pedicels are characteristic of this genus. There are two lateral sepals and one dorsal sepal. The blooms of several species are waxy. The flowers of many species have distinctive fragrances. Some smell like unburned candle wax, others like nutmeg, cardamom, or cinnamon. The pollinia are superposed on a stipe (a cellular pollinium stalk), which is held by a viscid disc.

The genus is closely related to Cirrhaea. For other relatives see also Stanhopeinae & Coeliopsidinae.

Species
According to Rod Rice in Infragen. Rev. Gen. Gongora (2002, 2003) the genus Gongora can be classified into subgenera and sections as follows:

Subgenus Gongora
Section Aceras with four species
Section Gongora with about 30-33 species [G. atropurpurea, G. catilligera, G. latisepala, G. odoratissima, G. rufescens]
Section Gratulabunda with four species
Section Grossa with five species
Section Truncata with nine species [G. charontis, G. dressleri,G.  longipes, G. tracyana]
Subgenus Portentosa
one section with at least five species [G. escobariana, G. garayana, G. portentosa, G. sanderiana]
Subgenus Acropera
Section Acropera with one species
Section Armeniaca with two species and one to two subspecies
Section Cassidea with four species [G. amparoana, G. cassidea, G. galeata, G. tridentata]

Gongora aceras (Ecuador).
Gongora alfieana (S. America)
Gongora amparoana (Costa Rica).
Gongora arcuata (Colombia).
Gongora armeniaca (C. America)
Gongora armeniaca subsp. armeniaca (C. America).. Pseudobulb epiphyte
Gongora armeniaca subsp. cornuta (Nicaragua to Costa Rica). Pseudobulb epiphyte
Gongora aromatica (C. America)
Gongora atropurpurea (Trinidad and Tobago to S. Trop. America).
Gongora beyrodtiana (Colombia).
Gongora bufonia (SE. Brazil).
Gongora cassidea (Mexico - Chiapas) to C. America).
Gongora catilligera (Colombia).
Gongora charontis (Colombia).
Gongora chocoensis (Colombia).
Gongora claviodora (C. America).
Gongora colombiana (Colombia).
Gongora cruciformis (Peru).
Gongora dressleri (Panama).
Gongora ecornuta (Ecuador to Peru).
Gongora erecta (Peru).
Gongora escobariana (Colombia).
Gongora flaveola (Colombia).
Gongora fulva (Panama to Colombia).

Gongora galeata (Mexico to Guatemala).
Gongora galeottiana (SW. Mexico).
Gongora garayana (Colombia).
Gongora gibba (Costa Rica to Panama).
Gongora gratulabunda (Colombia).
Gongora grossa (Venezuela to Ecuador).
Gongora hirtzii (S. Colombia to Ecuador).
Gongora histrionica (Costa Rica to N. South America).
Gongora hookeri (Guyana to Peru).
Gongora horichiana (Costa Rica to Panama).
Gongora ileneana (Bolivia).
Gongora ilense (Ecuador).
Gongora irmgardiae (Colombia).
Gongora lagunae (Venezuela).
Gongora latibasis (Panama to Ecuador).
Gongora latisepala (Colombia).
Gongora leucochila (Mexico - Veracruz, Chiapas to C. America).
Gongora maculata (Trinidad, Guyana, Peru).
Gongora maculata var. lactea (Trinidad) Pseudobulb epiphyte
Gongora maculata var. maculata (Guyana, Peru). Pseudobulb epiphyte
Gongora minax (N. Brazil).
Gongora nigrita ( South America)
Gongora nigropunctata (N. Peru).
Gongora odoratissima'' (E. Colombia to Venezuela).Gongora pardina (Ecuador).Gongora passiflorolens (Colombia) Gongora pleiochroma (N. & W. South America) Gongora portentosa (Colombia).Gongora portentosa var. portentosa (Colombia) Pseudobulb epiphyteGongora portentosa var. rosea (Colombia). Pseudobulb epiphyteGongora pseudoatropurpurea (Colombia).Gongora quinquenervis (Colombia to Peru) : this species forms a complex for several ill-defined speciesGongora retrorsa (W. Venezuela)Gongora rosea (Colombia to Peru). Gongora rubescens (Ecuador).Gongora rufescens (Colombia to Ecuador).Gongora saccata (Mexico - Veracruz).Gongora sanderiana (Colombia, Peru).Gongora scaphephorus (Ecuador to Peru). Gongora seideliana (Mexico - Chiapas).Gongora similis (Colombia).Gongora sphaerica (Colombia).Gongora superflua (Ecuador).Gongora tracyana (Colombia, Peru). Gongora tridentata (Mexico - Chiapas to Guatemala).Gongora truncata (Mexico to C. America) Gongora unicolor (Mexico - Veracruz, Chiapas to C. America).

 Intergeneric hybrids
 Houllora (Gongora × Houlletia) Orchid Review, 108(1234): new orchid hybrids 15 (2000), IPNI ID#: 1014858-1
 Gonginia (Gongora × Paphinia) Sander's List Orchid Hybrids Addendum 2002-2004. xxxiv. 2005 (20 May 2005), IPNI ID: 77068862-1
 Polygora (Gongora × Polycyncis) Orchid Review, 108(1234): new orchid hybrids 15 (2000), IPNI ID#: 1014858-1
 Stangora (Gongora × Stanhopea) Orchid Review, 92(1091): centre page pull-out p. 8 (1984), IPNI ID#: 893423-1

 References

 Jenny, Rudolf 1993. Monograph of the genus Gongora Ruiz & Pavón
 W. Mark Whitten, Norris H. Williams and Mark W. Chase Subtribal and generic relationships of Maxillarieae (Orchidaceae) with emphasis on Stanhopeinae: combined molecular evidence, American Journal of Botany''. 2000;87:1842-1856
 International Plant Names Index (IPNI)

External links

 International Plant Names Index (IPNI)
  Photo collections of Gongora from Botanical Garden Munich

Stanhopeinae genera
Epiphytic orchids

Gongora


La microrregión de Birigüi es una de las microrregiones del estado brasileño de São Paulo perteneciente a la mesorregión Araçatuba. Su población fue estimada en 2006 por el IBGE en 250.376 habitantes y está dividida en dieciocho municipios. Posee un área total de 4.509,054 km².

Municipios
 Alto Alegre
 Avanhandava
 Barbosa
 Bilac
 Birigui
 Braúna
 Brejo Alegre
 Buritama
 Clementina
 Coroados
 Gabriel Monteiro
 Glicério
 Lourdes
 Luiziânia
 Penápolis
 Piacatu
 Santópolis do Aguapeí
 Turiúba

Microrregiones de São Paulo

Microrregión de Birigui


Villanova Tulo (sardisk: Biddanòa'e Tùlu) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Sud Sardegna i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 600 meters højde og har 1.095 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 40,45 km² og grænser til kommunerne Gadoni, Isili, Laconi, Nurri, Sadali og Seulo.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Sud Sardegna

Villanova Tulo


Oštrobridi jedić (vučji jedić, omik, smrt pesja, vuči koren, lat. Aconitum lycoctonum) vrsta je jedića. Kao i srodni mu modri jedić, smrtno je otrovan za ljude i životinje. Nekada je korišten  za trovanje vukova i lisica. Cvjetovi su mu blijedožute boje. Naraste do 1 m visine. Raste u sjevernoj i srednjoj Europi te Aziji (Sibir, Altaj, Kina, Mongolija). U Hrvatskoj ga ima na Velebitu i u Gorskom kotaru, a nađe ga se i na Medvednici.

Sastav
Organske kiseline, alkaloidi (do 0,94 %) u podzemnom dijelu biljke. Maksimalni sadržaj alkaloida je zabilježen tijekom perioda zametanja plodova, sjemenki. Aktivne tvari su nor-diterpeni likakonitin i likoktonin.
Nadzemni dio biljke sadrži proazulen, alkaloide i kumarine te flavonoide. Alkoholi su pronađeni u stabljikama biljaka, pronađeni su flavonoidi u cvjetovima i masno ulje u sjemenu. Navodno ne sadrži akonitinske alkaloide, za razliku od modrog jedića.

Uporaba u narodnoj medicini
U narodnoj medicini koristi se nadzemni dio te podzemni dijelovi.
U mongolskoj narodnoj medicini ova vrsta jedića široko se koristi: korijeni iskopani u kasnu jesen i rano proljeće su univerzalni lijek. U rujnu i listopadu prikupljaju se zrele sjemenke pod nazivom "bihyanagvy", koje se koriste za apscese, akutne i kronične gnojne infekcije i sifilis .
U tibetanskoj narodnoj medicini koristi se dekokt korijena u infektivnim, gastrointestinalnim bolestima, bubrežnom, intestinalnih i hepatičnih kolika, pri epilepsiji, zubobolji i parazitnim kožnim bolestima.
U narodnoj medicini Sibira i Gornjeg Altaja,  koristi se za sifilis. Na Altaju, sve vrste akonita močene u votki u malim dozama piju se za bolove u trbuhu ili se jede suhi korijen, "kod bolova u crijevima". Macerati su korišteni izvana za rak dojke.

U narodnoj medicini koristi se kao sredstvo protiv bolova za ascites, u obliku kupki za reumatizam, neuralgiju, bol u zglobovima.

Podvrste
 Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. lasiostomum (Rchb.) Warncke
 Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. lycoctonum raste i u Hrvatskoj
 Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. moldavicum (Hacq.) J. Jalas
 Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. neapolitanum (Ten.) Nyman raste i u Hrvatskoj
 Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. vulparia (Rchb.) Nyman raste i u Hrvatskoj gdje je poznata kao žuti jedić i klobučac oštrobridi

Izvori

Dodatna literatura

 Aldašev, A.A.  Akoniti - farmakologia,toksikologija i primenenie ,Frunze 1979.

 Alefirov, A.N. Car - zelje Akonit,Sankt Peterburg 2001.

 Tkačenko, K.G.  Akonit - Celitelnie recepti - Borec protiv raka i drugih zabolevanij,Moskva 2005.

Članci iz časopisa i zbornika
Гриценко И.И., Зубов А.Н., Наумов "Модификация натриевых каналов мембран клеток нейробластомы аконитинам; "Цитология"; №6, 1982, с.658-666;

Долгушина Г.С., Жакова Ч.Н. "Исследование аконита Чекановского"; Новые лекарственные препараты из растений Сибири и Дальнего Востока. Тезисы Всесоюзной конференции; 1986, с.37, Томск;

Поветьева Т.Н., Пашинский В.Г. "Фармакологическое исследование настойки аконита Чекановского"; Актуальные проблемы фармакологии и поиска новых лекарственных препаратов; 1987, с.30-31. Томский медицинский институт, Томск;

Рулин В.А., Мазур Н.А., Зайцева "Фармакокинетика дезацетиллаппаконитина", Химико-фармацевтический журнал; №4, 1988, с.399-401;

Туляганов Н., Джохангиров, Саритдинов, Хамдамов "К фармакологии некоторых аконитиновых алкалоидов"; "Фармакология растительных веществ", 1976, с.76-93, Ташкент;

Поветьева Т.Н., Пашинский В.Г., Семенов А.А., Жапова Ц., Погодаева Н.Н., Хоружая Т.Г. Исследование противоопухолевых и антиметастатических свойств растительных средств из аконита байкальского. Сибирский онкологический журнал. 2002. № 3-4. с. 138-141.

Поветьева Т.Н., Пашинский В.Г., Нестерова Ю.В., Пушкарский С.В., Гайдамович Н.Н., Семенов А.А., Жапова Ц., Погодаева Н.Н. Противометастатические свойства алкалоидов аконита байкальского. Сибирский онкологический журнал. 2005. № 4. с. 43-46.

Поветьева Т.Н., Гайдамович Н.Н., Пашинский В.Г., Семенов А.А., Жапова Ц., Нестерова Ю.В., Жданов В.Н. Противометастатические свойства вытяжек аконита северного (Aconitum septentrionale L.) Сибирский онкологический журнал. 2004. № 1. С. 9-11.

Алефиров А.Н., Беспалов В.Г. и др. Антиметастатическая активность настойки подземной части Aconitum soongaricum (Ranunculaceae) на моделях перевиваемых опухолей. Растительные Ресурсы, т. 50, вып. 2 - 2014. с. 254-270

Алефиров А.Н., Беспалов В.Г. и др. Противоопухолевая актиность настойки Aconitum soongaricum (Ranunculaceae) на моделях перевиваемых лейкозов и солидных опухолей. Растительные Ресурсы, т. 49, вып. 3 - 2013. с. 435-452

Murayama M, Mopi T, Bando H, Amiya T "Studies of constituents of Aconitum species. IX. The Pharmacological properties of pyro-type aconitine alkaloids, components of processed aconite powder "kako-bushi-matsu": analgesic, antiinflammatory and acute toxic activity", "J Ethnopharmacol", 35(2), 1991 Dec, с. 159-64, Research section, Sanwa Shoyaku Co. Ltd., Tochigi, Japan;

Wada K, Ishizuki S, Mori T, Bando H, Murayama M, Kawahara N "Effects of alkaloids from Aconitum yesoense var. Macroyesoense on cutaneous blood flow in mice", "Bio Pharm Bull", 20(9), 1997 Sep, с.978-82, Hokkaido College of Pharmacy, Otaru, Japan;

Ji BL, Xia LP, Zhou FX, et al. Aconitine induces cell apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer via NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20:4955–4964.

Povšnar,M.,Koželj,G., Kreft,S., Lumpert ,M.  Rare tradition of the folk medicinal use of Aconitum spp. is kept alive in Solčavsko, Slovenia ,J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2017; 13: 45.

Vanjske poveznice
https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Aconitum+lycoctonum
Jedić
Otrovne biljke
Flora Srednje Europe
Flora Jugozapadne Europe
Flora Jugoistočne Europe
Flora Istočne Europe
Flora Maroka
Flora Hrvatske
Flora Luksemburga
Flora Lihtenštajna
Flora Andore

Oštrobridi jedić


Küresel Rekabet Endeksi dünya ülkelerinin, rekabetçilik puanlarına göre sıralanmış bir listesidir. Ülkelerin rekabetçilik puanları Dünya Ekonomik Forumu tarafından her yıl tekrar edilen kapsamlı bir çalışma ile ölçülür. Dünya Ekonomik Forumu, yıllık düzenli toplantısını, İsviçre'nin Davos kentinde Ocak ayı içerisinde gerçekleştirir.

Yapılan çalışma, raporda yer alan 131 ekonomiden 11.000 iş dünyası lideri ile yapılan anketler sonucu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anket soruları, bir ekonominin iş ortamını etkileyen ve kalıcı ekonomik kalkınmanın kritik belirleyicileri olan geniş bir faktörler yelpazesini kapsamayı amaçlar.

Sıralamalar, kamuya açık kesin verilerin kombinasyonu ve yönetici görüş anketlerinin sonuçları esas alınarak gerçekleştirilir.

2019 verileri

Küresel Rekabet Endeksi 2007-2006 karşılaştırması

Küresel Rekabet Endeksi 2006-2005 karşılaştırması

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız
 Ülkelerin GSYİH'ya (nominal) göre sıralanışı
 Ülkelerin GSYİH'ya (SAGP) göre sıralanışı
 Ülkelerin kişi başına GSYİH'ya (nominal) göre sıralanışı
 Ülkelerin kişi başına GSYİH'ya (SAGP) göre sıralanışı
 Ülkelerin kişi başına saatlik GSYİH'ya (SAGP) göre sıralanışı

Makroekonomi
Ekonomi listeleri
Ülke listeleri
Uluslararası sıralamalar

Küresel Rekabet Endeksi


Turneul celor Patru Trambuline 2012-13 a avut loc în cele patru locuri tradiționale: Oberstdorf, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Innsbruck și Bischofshofen, situate în Germania și Austria, în perioada 29 decembrie 2012 și 06 ianuarie 2013.

Rezultate

Oberstdorf
 HS 137 Schattenbergschanze, Germania
29 decembrie 2012

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
 HS 140 Große Olympiaschanze, Germania
1 ianuarie 2013

Innsbruck
 HS 130 Bergiselschanze, Austria
<small> 4 ianuarie 2013

Bischofshofen
 HS 140 Paul-Ausserleitner-Schanze, Austria
 6 ianuarie 2014

Clasament General

Clasamentul final al celot patru concursuri. Gregor Schlierenzauer a fost câștigătorul Turneului.

Referințe

Legături externe

Sărituri cu schiurile
2013 în sport

Turneul celor Patru Trambuline 2012-2013


Vuko Brigljević (Dubrovnik, 15. travnja 1968.), hrvatsko-švicarski fizičar. Znanstveni savjetnik na Institutu Ruđer Bošković u Zagrebu, u Zavod za eksperimentalnu fiziku, Laboratoriju za fiziku visokih energija.

Životopis
Rođen u Dubrovniku, odakle mu je obitelj. U djetinjstvu, s dvije godine života,  s obitelji preselio u Švicarsku gdje je završio sve škole. Maturirao je na francuskom jeziku.

Na glasovitom Sveučilištu za prirodno-tehničke znanosti ETH u Zürichu stekao diplomu na njemačkom jeziku i doktorat 1999. iz fizike. Na postdoktorskom studiju u Livermoreu u SAD. Usavršavao se u Sorrentu u Italiji, Stanfordu, SAD, Također radio u CERN-u. Profesor na zagrebačkom PMF-u.

Znanstvenu karijeru napravio u Švicarskoj. Član Opusa Dei još prije povratka u Hrvatsku. U Hrvatsku se odlučio vratiti radi suradnje u početku rada Opusa Dei u Hrvatskoj. Kao član odlučio se na celibat. Živi u Zagrebu.

Citati

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Baza INSPIRE Bibliografija
Institut Ruđer Bošković Životopis
CERN Osobna mrežna stranica

Hrvatski fizičari
Životopisi, Dubrovnik
Životopisi, Zagreb
Hrvati u Švicarskoj

Vuko Brigljević


Santa Milburga (en inglés Midburth o Milburgh) (f. 715) fue una abadesa benedictina de la abadía de Wenlock. Es venerada como santa por la Iglesia católica.

Biografía

Fue hija de Merewalh, rey de Mercia y Santa Ermenburga. Santa Mildrith y Santa Mildgytha fueron sus hermanas. Tenía un misterioso poder sobre los pájaros, donde podía hablar con ellos para que no dañaran los cultivos. También fue conocida por numerosos milagros.

Enlaces externos
 Milburga at Patron Saints Index
 23 February saints at St. Patrick's Church

Santos católicos de Alemania del siglo VIII
Santas
Abades benedictinos
Abadesas
Religiosos de Inglaterra del siglo VIII
Inglesas del siglo VIII
Monjas benedictinas
Monjas cristianas del siglo VIII
Inglesas del siglo VII

Milburga


In mathematics, a sober space is a topological space X such that  every (nonempty) irreducible closed subset of X is the closure of exactly one point of X: that is, every irreducible closed subset has a unique generic point.

Definitions
Sober spaces have a variety of cryptomorphic definitions, which are documented in this section. All except the definition in terms of nets are described in. In each case below, replacing "unique" with "at most one" gives an equivalent formulation of the T0 axiom. Replacing it with "at least one" is equivalent to the property that the T0 quotient of the space is sober, which is sometimes referred to as having "enough points" in the literature.

In terms of morphisms of frames and locales
A topological space X is sober if every  map that preserves all joins and all finite meets from its partially ordered set of open subsets to  is the inverse image of a unique continuous function from the one-point space to X.

This may be viewed as a correspondence between the notion of a point in a locale and a point in a topological space, which is the motivating definition.

Using completely prime filters
A filter F of open sets is said to be completely prime if for any family  of open sets such that , we have that  for some i. A space X is sober if it each completely prime filter is the neighbourhood filter of a unique point in X.

In terms of nets
A net  is self-convergent if it converges to every point  in , or equivalently if its eventuality filter is completely prime. A net  that converges to  converges strongly if it can only converge to points in the closure of . A space is sober if every self-convergent net  converges strongly to a unique point .

In particular, a space is T1 and sober precisely if every self-convergent net is constant.

With irreducible closed sets
A closed set is irreducible if it cannot be written as the union of two proper closed subsets. A space is sober if every irreducible closed subset is the closure of a unique point.

As a property of sheaves on the space
A space X is sober if every functor from the category of sheaves Sh(X) to Set that preserves all finite limits and all small colimits must be the  stalk functor of a unique point x.

Properties and examples
Any Hausdorff (T2) space is sober (the only irreducible subsets being points), and all sober spaces are Kolmogorov (T0), and both implications are strict.

Sobriety is not comparable to the T1 condition:
 an example of a T1 space which is not sober is an infinite set with the cofinite topology, the whole space being an irreducible closed subset with no generic point;
 an example of a sober space which is not T1 is the Sierpinski space.

Moreover T2 is stronger than T1 and sober, i.e., while every  T2 space is at once T1 and sober, there exist spaces that are simultaneously T1 and sober, but not T2. One such example is the following: let X be the set of real numbers, with a new point p adjoined; the open sets being all real open sets, and all cofinite sets containing p.

Sobriety of X is precisely a condition that forces the lattice of open subsets of X to determine X up to homeomorphism, which is relevant to pointless topology.

Sobriety makes the specialization preorder a directed complete partial order.

Every continuous directed complete poset equipped with the Scott topology is sober.

Finite T0 spaces are sober.

The prime spectrum Spec(R) of a commutative ring R with the Zariski topology is a compact sober space.   In fact, every spectral space (i.e. a compact sober space for which the collection of compact open subsets is closed under finite intersections and forms a base for the topology) is homeomorphic to Spec(R) for some commutative ring R. This is a theorem of Melvin Hochster.
More generally, the underlying topological space of any scheme is a sober space.

The subset of Spec(R) consisting only of the maximal ideals, where R is a commutative ring, is not sober in general.

See also
 Stone duality, on the duality between topological spaces that are sober and frames (i.e. complete Heyting algebras) that are spatial.

References

Further reading

General topology
Separation axioms

Properties of topological spaces

Sober space


قرية صيدا هي إحدى القرى المحتلة والمدمرة التابعة لمركز الخشنية التابع لماحفظة درعا في هضبة الجولان بجنوب غرب سوريا.

قرية تتبع ناحية القصيبة منطقة فيق محافظة القنيطرة (238ن سنة 10م) تقع في أرض بركانية مبسطة تنحدر تدريجيا نحو وادي طعيم جنوباً، تكثر من حولها الينابيع والمسيلات الرافدة لوادي طعيم منها : مسيل صيدا الغربي ومسيل عين زينات الماء تبعد (5) كم إلى الشمال الشرقي من قرية خسفين و 36 كم جنوب مدينة القنيطرة. يعود عمرانها إلى أوائل القرن الحالي من قبل جماعة من بدو المنطقة. يعمل سكانها بزراعة الحبوب والبقول، إلى جانب تربية الأغنام والأبقار. تشرب من شبكة تستمد ماءها من بئر ارتوازية محلية ومن مياه الينابيع. تتبعها المزارع الآتية : رسم الطلائع (مطوبزات)، مزرعة صياد ومفرز، ولويبد، خان صيدا، مزرعة عين القاضي.

احتلال إسرائيلي
قرى الجولان المحتلة
قرى الجولان المدمرة
قرى محافظة القنيطرة

صيدا (قرية)


Bosa (sardisk: Bòsa, 'Osa) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Oristano i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 2 meters højde og har 7.929 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 128,02 km² og grænser til kommunerne Magomadas, Modolo, Montresta, Suni, Padria, Pozzomaggiore og Villanova Monteleone.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Oristano

Bosa


Svetište sv. Andrije u Teixidu (galicijski: Santuario de Santo André de Teixido, španjolski: San Andrés de Teixido) je kapelica apostola Andrije u zaseoku Teixido na brežuljku s pogledom na obalu Atlantskog oceana u Galiciji u Španjolskoj.

To je važno mjesto hodočašća i simbolično mjesto galicijske kulture. Njegov najznačajniji umjetnički značaj leži u njegovu oltaru.

Svetište je smješteno u zaseoku Teixido na zapadnim padinama rta Ortegal, 12 kilometara sjeveroistočno od općinskog mjesta Ceidero. U kapeli u granitu, nalazi se relikvijarno poprsje sv. Andrije. Lokalna legenda kaže da je jedan hodočasnik našao utočište u Teixidu, nakon što je pretrpio brodolom nedaleko od ovoga mjesta na Putu Svetog Jakova u Santiago de Compostelu.

Smatra se da je hodočasništvo na ovom mjestu počelo već u željezno doba, iako je prvi zapis o tome iz 1391. godine. Također o njemu piše španjolski benediktinac Martín Sarmiento u svojoj knjizi "Putovanje u Galiciju" (1754. – 1755.), nakon što ga je posjetio.

Glavno hodočašće održava se 8. rujna, iako tijekom godine ima i drugih hodočašća poput onoga 30. studenog, koje je više liturgijsko.

Katolički vjerski objekti u Španjolskoj
Katoličke kapele

Svetište sv. Andrije u Teixidu


زيلينيي بور  هي مدينة في مقاطعة كراسنويارسك كراي في روسيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها في عام 2015 حوالي 2813 نسمة.

مراجع

مدن كراسنويارسك كراي

زيليوني بور (كراسنويارسك كراي)


Janjišev dub, hrast u Vinjanima Gornjim, arheološko nalazište i zaštićeno kulturno dobro

Vrijeme nastanka je od 16. do 18. stoljeća. Uz dub je vezana jedna predaja. Prema njoj su ispod njega prolazili svatovi djevojke iz Đereka i Ivana iz Posušja. Susreo ih je beg s pratnjom i zatražio mladu na prvu bračnu noć. Ivan je odbio, sukobio se s begom, ubio ga i potom pobjegao. Osmanlije su za osvetu pobili mladu i svatove te ih zakopali ispod ovog duba. Mladoženja Ivan je uhićen je nakon dvi-tri godine bijega uhićen te za primjer drugima nabijen na kolac. Prema usmenoj predaji, nosi veliku nesreću pilanje tog hrasta ili uzeti bilo šta s njega padne. Čak i sama pomisao i pokušaj donosi prokletstvo onima šta su ga htjeli kresati. Postoje priče da je dub krvario. Sjećanje je živo i danas, pa stanovnici okolnog područja i danas ostavljaju cvijeće pokraj Janjiša duba.

Poslije drugoga svjetskog rata radnici su prigodom proširivanja i asfaltiranja lokalne prometnice dosta pronašli "nekakve ljudske kosti" na dijelu prometnice koja prolazi blizu Janjiša duba, što je mogući ostatak tih davnih, tragičnih, krvavih svatova. Postoje također tvrdnje da je u blizini ovog duba bilo staro tursko groblje, koje je služilo potrebama Turaka
smještenih na području Imotske krajine, no za to nema konkretnih povijesnih zapisa.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-7576 zaveden je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa preventivno zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "arheološka baština".

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Ante Juroš: Legende o Janjiša dubu u Vinjanima Gornjim  Dalmacija News. 30. ožujka 2015.

Zaštićene kopnene arheološke zone i nalazišta u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Imotski

Janjišev dub


Prinz ist ein Einschlagkrater auf der nordwestlichen Mondvorderseite. Er liegt nordöstlich des prominenten Strahlenkraters Aristarchus in der Ebene des Oceanus Procellarum.

Der Kraterrand ist weitgehend überflutet. Nur der nordöstliche Teil ist erhalten. Im Norden liegt das Rillensystem der Rimae Prinz. Nordöstlich liegen die Montes Harbinger.

Der Krater wurde 1935 von der IAU nach dem deutsch-belgischen Geologen und Selenographen Wilhelm Prinz offiziell benannt.

Weblinks

 Prinz auf The-Moon Wiki

Einzelnachweise

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

Prinz (Mondkrater)


Yeşildon, Eskişehir ilinin Alpu ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Eskişehir iline 51 km, Alpu ilçesine 11 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

Alpu'nun mahalleleri
Kırım Tatarları'nın yaşadıkları bölgeler

Yeşildon, Alpu


Yuki Kobayashi (født 24. april 1992) er en japansk fodboldspiller, der spiller for den nederlandske klub SC Heerenveen.

Japans fodboldlandshold

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Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Yuki Kobayashi (fodboldspiller, født 1992)


أيام الغضب قد تعني:

 معركة أيام الغضب في فلسطين ، غزة .
 أيام الغضب (مسلسل)

 أيام الغضب (فيلم)

أيام الغضب (توضيح)


Die katholische Pfarrkirche St. Peter und Paul ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Kirchengebäude am Griether Markt in Grieth, einem Ortsteil von Kalkar im Kreis Kleve (Nordrhein-Westfalen).

Geschichte und Architektur

Die Kirche war ursprünglich eine dem hl. Petrus geweihte Filiale von Wissel. Sie wurde 1445 zur Pfarrkirche erhoben.

Die dreischiffige, kreuzrippengewölbte Backsteinbasilika wurde im 14. und 15. Jahrhundert mit zwei Chören errichtet. Die Seitenschiffe sind schmal, der dreigeschossige Westturm aus dem 14. Jahrhundert ist zur Hälfte eingefasst. Auch der aus einem Joch und einem gedrückten 5/8-Schluss bestehende Hauptchor stammt aus dem 14. Jahrhundert. Das basilikale Langhaus aus dem 15. Jahrhundert ist deutlich höher als der Chor. Der über die Flucht des Seitenschiffes vorspringenden Chor aus einem Joch mit 5/8-Schluss wurde im 15. Jahrhundert errichtet. Er wurde mit dem Hauptchor durch zwei spitzbogige Arkaden verbunden. An den Hauptchor wurde 1959 auf der Südseite eine Sakristei angebaut.

Das Gebäude wurde nach starker Zerstörung im Zweiten Weltkrieg in alten Formen wieder aufgebaut, dabei wurden alle Dächer und Gewölbe sowie der Turmhelm erneuert.

Ausstattung

Passionsretabel
Das Passionsretabel auf dem Hochaltar gehörte ursprünglich zum nördlichen Seitenaltar. In der Mitte des Schreins ist ein volkreicher Kalvarienberg als geschnitztes Relief zu sehen. Links und rechts davon stehen unter hohen Baldachinen, durch die rahmende Architektur paarweise zusammengefasste Figuren der Apostel. Die niederrheinische Arbeit mit brabantischem Einfluss stammt aus der Zeit um 1460 bis 1470. Die ursprüngliche Fassung ist verloren. Die Predella wurde 1875 von R. Moser nach einem Entwurf von Vincenz Statz angefertigt. Sie wurde 1894 von F. Langenberg renoviert, dabei wurde der Engel in der Baldachinzone des Schreins ergänzt und es wurden Flügel mit bemalten Außenseiten zugefügt.

Sonstige Ausstattung

 Der maßwerkverzierte, achtseitige Taufstein aus Sandstein ist vom Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts.
 Der sechseckige Kanzelkorb ist das Fragment einer geschnitzten Kanzel von 1664. Er ist mit bäuerlichen Reliefs der vier Evangelisten geschmückt.
 Die Magistratsbank von 1774 zeigt im Aufsatz das Wappen von Grieth.
 Die beiden ehemaligen Chorbänke wurden 1664 angefertigt.
 Das Vesperbild aus Holz ist eine niederrheinische Arbeit von der Zeit um 1490 bis 1500, die Fassung ist neugotisch.
 Auch der hl. Viktor ist eine niederrheinische Arbeit, er wurde um 1490/1510 geschnitzt. Die Fassung ist aus neuerer Zeit.
 Die Figur der hl. Katharina vom Anfang des 16. Jahrhunderts ist L. Jupan zugeschrieben, die Reste der alten Fassung sind freigelegt.
 Der hl. Jakobus der Ältere, H. Douverman zugeschrieben, ist aus der Zeit von 1520 bis 1530. Die monochrome Fassung ist aus neuerer Zeit.
 Von der zweiten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts ist der Kronleuchter aus Messing, mit einer bekrönenden Bronzestatuette der Muttergottes.

Literatur
 Georg Dehio, bearbeitet von Claudia Euskirchen, Olaf Gisbertz, Ulrich Schäfer: Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Nordrhein-Westfalen I Rheinland. Deutscher Kunstverlag, München/Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03093-X

Weblinks

 Geschichte (abgerufen am 14. April 2012)
 Kirche in Grieth | Grieth-Geschichte, Grieth, 8. August 2017

Peter-und-Paul-Kirche
Backsteinkirche
Baudenkmal in Kalkar
Kirchengebäude im Kreis Kleve
Erbaut im 14. Jahrhundert
Erbaut im 15. Jahrhundert
Kirchengebäude im Bistum Münster
St. Peter und Paul Grieth
Grieth
Religion (Kalkar)
Grieth

St. Peter und Paul (Grieth)


Network-attached storage (NAS) is a file-level (as opposed to block-level storage) computer data storage server connected to a computer network providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients. The term "NAS" can refer to both the technology and systems involved, or a specialized device built for such functionality (as unlike tangentially related technologies such as local area networks, a NAS device is often a singular unit).

Overview
A NAS device is optimised for serving files either by its hardware, software, or configuration. It is often manufactured as a computer appliance a purpose-built specialized computer. NAS systems are networked appliances that contain one or more storage drives, often arranged into logical, redundant storage containers or RAID. Network-attached storage typically provide access to files using network file sharing protocols such as NFS, SMB, or AFP. From the mid-1990s, NAS devices began gaining popularity as a convenient method of sharing files among multiple computers, as well as to remove the responsibility of file serving from other servers on the network; by doing so, a NAS can provide faster data access, easier administration, and simpler configuration as opposed to using general-purpose server to serve files.

Accompanying a NAS are purpose-built hard disk drives, which are functionally similar to non-NAS drives but may have different firmware, vibration tolerance, or power dissipation to make them more suitable for use in RAID arrays, a technology often used in NAS implementations. For example, some NAS versions of drives support a command extension to allow extended error recovery to be disabled. In a non-RAID application, it may be important for a disk drive to go to great lengths to successfully read a problematic storage block, even if it takes several seconds. In an appropriately configured RAID array, a single bad block on a single drive can be recovered completely via the redundancy encoded across the RAID set. If a drive spends several seconds executing extensive retries it might cause the RAID controller to flag the drive as "down" whereas if it simply replied promptly that the block of data had a checksum error, the RAID controller would use the redundant data on the other drives to correct the error and continue without any problem. Such a "NAS" SATA hard disk drive can be used as an internal PC hard drive, without any problems or adjustments needed, as it simply supports additional options and may possibly be built to a higher quality standard (particularly if accompanied by a higher quoted MTBF figure and higher price) than a regular consumer drive.

Description
A NAS unit is a computer connected to a network that provides only file-based data storage services to other devices on the network. Although it may technically be possible to run other software on a NAS unit, it is usually not designed to be a general-purpose server. For example, NAS units usually do not have a keyboard or display, and are controlled and configured over the network, often using a browser.

A full-featured operating system is not needed on a NAS device, so often a stripped-down operating system is used.

NAS systems contain one or more hard disk drives, often arranged into logical, redundant storage containers or RAID.

NAS uses file-based protocols such as NFS (popular on UNIX systems), SMB (Server Message Block) (used with Microsoft Windows systems), AFP (used with Apple Macintosh computers), or NCP (used with OES and Novell NetWare). NAS units rarely limit clients to a single protocol.

Comparing with DAS
The key difference between direct-attached storage (DAS) and NAS is that DAS is simply an extension to an existing server and is not necessarily networked. As the name suggests, DAS typically is connected via a USB or Thunderbolt enabled cable. NAS is designed as an easy and self-contained solution for sharing files over the network.

Both DAS and NAS can potentially increase availability of data by using RAID or clustering.

When both are served over the network, NAS could have better performance than DAS, because the NAS device can be tuned precisely for file serving which is less likely to happen on a server responsible for other processing. Both NAS and DAS can have various amount of cache memory, which greatly affects performance. When comparing use of NAS with use of local (non-networked) DAS, the performance of NAS depends mainly on the speed of and congestion on the network. With the introduction of new WiFi standards (like WiFi6), networking speeds dramatically increase to allow better performance when using a NAS.

NAS is generally not as customizable in terms of hardware (CPU, memory, storage components) or low level software (extensions, plug-ins, additional protocols) but most NAS solutions will include the option to install a wide array of software applications to allow better configuration of the system or to include other capabilities outside of storage (like video surveillance, virtualization, media, etc). DAS typically is focused solely on data storage but capabilities can be available based on specific vendor options.

Comparing with SAN

NAS provides both storage and a file system. This is often contrasted with SAN (storage area network), which provides only block-based storage and leaves file system concerns on the "client" side. SAN protocols include Fibre Channel, iSCSI, ATA over Ethernet (AoE) and HyperSCSI.

One way to loosely conceptualize the difference between a NAS and a SAN is that NAS appears to the client OS (operating system) as a file server (the client can map network drives to shares on that server) whereas a disk available through a SAN still appears to the client OS as a disk, visible in disk and volume management utilities (along with client's local disks), and available to be formatted with a file system and mounted.

Despite their differences, SAN and NAS are not mutually exclusive and may be combined as a SAN-NAS hybrid, offering both file-level protocols (NAS) and block-level protocols (SAN) from the same system. A shared disk file system can also be run on top of a SAN to provide filesystem services.

History
In the early 1980s, the "Newcastle Connection" by Brian Randell and his colleagues at Newcastle University demonstrated and developed remote file access across a set of UNIX machines. Novell's NetWare server operating system and NCP protocol was released in 1983. Following the Newcastle Connection, Sun Microsystems' 1984 release of NFS allowed network servers to share their storage space with networked clients. 3Com and Microsoft would develop the LAN Manager software and protocol to further this new market. 3Com's 3Server and 3+Share software was the first purpose-built server (including proprietary hardware, software, and multiple disks) for open systems servers.

Inspired by the success of file servers from Novell, IBM, and Sun, several firms developed dedicated file servers. While 3Com was among the first firms to build a dedicated NAS for desktop operating systems, Auspex Systems was one of the first to develop a dedicated NFS server for use in the UNIX market. A group of Auspex engineers split away in the early 1990s to create the integrated NetApp FAS, which supported both the Windows SMB and the UNIX NFS protocols and had superior scalability and ease of deployment. This started the market for proprietary NAS devices now led by NetApp and EMC Celerra.

Starting in the early 2000s, a series of startups emerged offering alternative solutions to single filer solutions in the form of clustered NAS Spinnaker Networks (acquired by NetApp in February 2004), Exanet (acquired by Dell in February 2010), Gluster (acquired by RedHat in 2011), ONStor (acquired by LSI in 2009), IBRIX (acquired by HP), Isilon (acquired by EMC November 2010), PolyServe (acquired by HP in 2007), and Panasas, to name a few.

In 2009, NAS vendors (notably CTERA networks and Netgear) began to introduce online backup solutions integrated in their NAS appliances, for online disaster recovery.

By 2021, three major types of NAS solutions are offered (all with hybrid cloud models where data can be stored both on-premise on the NAS and off site on a separate NAS or through a public cloud service provider). The first type of NAS is focused on consumer needs with lower-cost options that typically support 1–5 hot plug hard drives. The second is focused on small-to-medium-sized businesses – these NAS solutions range from 2–24+ hard drives and are typically offered in tower or rackmount form factors. Pricing can vary greatly depending on the processor, components, and overall features supported.  The last type is geared toward enterprises or large businesses and are offered with more advanced software capabilities. NAS solutions are typically sold without hard drives installed to allow the buyer (or IT departments) to select the hard drive cost, size, and quality.

Implementation
The way manufacturers make NAS devices can be classified into three types:

 Computer-based NAS using a computer (server level or a personal computer) with processors typically from Intel or AMD, installs FTP/SMB/AFP... software server. The power consumption of this NAS type is the largest, but its functions are the most powerful. Some large NAS manufacturers such as Synology, QNAP systems, and Asus make these types of devices. Max FTP throughput speed varies by computer CPU and amount of RAM.
 Embedded-system-based NAS using an ARM- or MIPS-based processor architecture and a real-time operating system (RTOS) or an embedded operating system to run a NAS server. The power consumption of this NAS type is fair, and functions in the NAS can fit most end-user requirements. Marvell, Oxford, and Storlink make chipsets for this type of NAS. Max FTP throughput varies from 20 MB/s to 120 MB/s.
 ASIC-based NAS provisioning NAS through the use of a single ASIC chip, using hardware to implement TCP/IP and file system. There is no OS in the chip, as all the performance-related operations are done by hardware acceleration circuits. The power consumption of this type of NAS is low, as functions are limited to only support SMB and FTP. LayerWalker is the only chipset manufacturer for this type of NAS. Max FTP throughput is 40 MB/s.

Uses
NAS is useful for more than just general centralized storage provided to client computers in environments with large amounts of data. NAS can enable simpler and lower cost systems such as load-balancing and fault-tolerant email and web server systems by providing storage services. The potential emerging market for NAS is the consumer market where there is a large amount of multi-media data. Such consumer market appliances are now commonly available. Unlike their rackmounted counterparts, they are generally packaged in smaller form factors. The price of NAS appliances has fallen sharply in recent years, offering flexible network-based storage to the home consumer market for little more than the cost of a regular USB or FireWire external hard disk. Many of these home consumer devices are built around ARM, x86 or MIPS processors running an embedded Linux operating system.

Examples

Open-source server implementations
Open-source NAS-oriented distributions of Linux and FreeBSD are available. These are designed to be easy to set up on commodity PC hardware, and are typically configured using a web browser.

They can run from a virtual machine, Live CD, bootable USB flash drive (Live USB), or from one of the mounted hard drives. They run Samba (an SMB daemon), NFS daemon, and FTP daemons which are freely available for those operating systems.

Network-attached secure disks
Network-attached secure disks (NASD) is 1997–2001 research project of Carnegie Mellon University, with the goal of providing cost-effective scalable storage bandwidth. NASD reduces the overhead on the file server (file manager) by allowing storage devices to transfer data directly to clients. Most of the file manager's work is offloaded to the storage disk without integrating the file system policy into the disk. Most client operations like Read/Write go directly to the disks; less frequent operations like authentication go to the file manager. Disks transfer variable-length objects instead of fixed-size blocks to clients. The File Manager provides a time-limited cachable capability for clients to access the storage objects. A file access from the client to the disks has the following sequence:

 The client authenticates itself with the file manager and requests for the file access.
 If the client can be granted access to the file requested, the client receives the network location of NASD disks and their capability.
 If the client is accessing the disk for the first time, it receives a time-limited key for the establishment of secure communication to the disk.
 The file manager informs the corresponding disk using an independent channel.
 From now on, the client directly accesses the NASD disks by giving the capability it received and further data transfers go through the network, bypassing the file manager.

List of network protocols used to serve NAS

 Andrew File System (AFS)
 Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)
 Server Message Block (SMB)
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
 Network File System (NFS)

 SSH file transfer protocol (SFTP)
 Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)

Clustered NAS

A clustered NAS is a NAS that is using a distributed file system running simultaneously on multiple servers. The key difference between a clustered and traditional NAS is the ability to distribute (e.g. stripe) data and metadata across the cluster nodes or storage devices. Clustered NAS, like a traditional one, still provides unified access to the files from any of the cluster nodes, unrelated to the actual location of the data.

See also

 Disk enclosure
 File virtualization
 Global Namespace
 List of NAS manufacturers
 Network architecture
 Server (computing)

References

Further reading
 "Filesystems for network-attached secure disks". Garth Gibson, David F. Nagle*, Khali Amiri*, Fay W. Chang, Howard Gobioff, Erik Riedel*, David Rochberg, and Jim Zelenka, Technical Report CMU-CS-97-118, July 1997.
 "File server scaling with network-attached secure disks". Joint international conference on measurement and modeling of computer systems, Seattle, Washington, United States, 1997, pp. 272–284 .

External links

Server appliance
Software appliances

Network-attached storage


Torskeslægten (Gadus) er en slægt i torskefamilien (Gadidae). Torsk indgår typisk i arternes navne. Slægtens kendeste medlem er atlantisk torsk, som typisk kaldes for torsk.

Indtil fornylig var der tre arter i torskeslægten. Nyere forskning inkluderer også en fjerde art Alaskasej. Endvidere bliver Grønlandstorsk (G. ogac) ikke længere betragtet som en selvstændig art, men snarere en underart til Stillehavstorsk (G. macrocephalus).

Referencer

Ekstern henvisning

 Codtrace
 fishbase.org - Scientific Names for Gadus
 Fisheries Heritage website, Newfoundland and Labrador
 Long term trends in Norwegian cod fisheries – the pioneers
 Species factsheet on cod from the UK Sea Fish Industry Authority (PDF, 2MB)

Torskefamilien

Torskeslægten


Rum kan have flere betydninger:

 Rum - betegnelse for udstrækning af åbenhed
 Rummet - en betegnelse for Verdensrummet
 Rum (dokumentarfilm) - en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1972
 Rum (eksperimentalfilm fra 1994) - en dansk eksperimentalfilm fra 1994
 Rum (eksperimentalfilm fra 1998) - en dansk eksperimentalfilm fra 1998
 Rum (roman) – en roman fra 2001 af Erwin Neutzsky-Wulff
 Rúm - en ø i de Indre Hebrider

Se også
 Euklidisk rum

Rum (flertydig)


NWC may stand for:
NASCAR Winston Cup
National War College
National Weather Center
National Whistleblower Center
National Working Committee
National Wrestling Conference, wrestling promotion
Native wifi calling, direct support in mobile OS for VoWifi
Naval War College
Netball World Championships
Network-centric warfare
Net working capital
New World Computing
Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection
Nintendo World Championships
Norbert Wiener Center for Harmonic Analysis and Applications
Northwestern College (Iowa)
Northwestern College (Minnesota)
Northwestern College (Wisconsin) now part of Martin Luther College
Northwest Conference
Northwest College in Powell, Wyoming
North West Company
NoteWorthy Composer, a graphical score editor (software used for creating sheet music) or its .nwc file extension.

NWC


الميقاتية أو الكرونومتر  (من الإغريقية: χρονόμετρον؛ حرفيا: جهاز قياس الزمن) هو نوع من الساعات الدقيقة جدا التي تستخدم في البحرية ويستخدمها أيضا الطيارون.

رغم أن قدرة الساعات التي ظهرت في القرن الثامن عشر أصبحت دقيقة تدريجياً، فقد اعترضتها مشاكل كثير عند استخدامها في البحار بنوع خاص. فأعلنت الحكومة البريطانية عن جائزة مالية بقيمة 20000 جنيه إسترليني لأول من يخترع طريقة حديثة لضبط الوقت بشكل أفضل.
أشهر من تقدَّم لنيل المكافأة كان جون هاريسون الذي ولد عام 1693 وتوفي عام 1776، وقد صنع ساعات يوركشير. فكان اختراعه لبندول المشواة الحديدية من الفولاذ والنحاس، لضبط عمليات التمدد والتقلُّص ومحاولة الاحتفاظ بطول ثابت للبندول.
فكانت أداته لحساب الوقت في البحار التي عرفت باسم «هـ 1». وسعى مباشرة إلى صناعة «هـ 2» التي تميزت بدقة أفضل.. لكنه لم يستطع الحصول على كامل الجائزة.
فصنع هاريسون «هـ 3» وهي ساعة جديدة أكثر دقة. لكنه لم يقتنع بدرجة الدقة التي تحققت. فتعاون مع ابنه في صناعة «هـ 4» التي تميزت بصغر الحجم وزيادة درجة الدقة.
فكان الكرونومتر الأول الذي بلغ حجمه حجم المنبه العادي. وبعد تجريبه كان الخطأ 15 ثانية على رحلة بحرية من أوروبا إلى جزر الهند الغربية، أي على مدى خمسة أشهر. فمنح هاريسون كامل مبلغ المكافأة. وبعد ذلك انتشر استعمال الكرونومتر في القرن التاسع عشر.

اختبار الكرونومتر في سويسرا

تعتبر ساعة بأنها «كرونومتر» بعد ان يتم فحصها في «المختبر السويسري للكرونومترات» طبقا للنطام العياري الدولي إيزو 3159 . بعد اختبار الساعة ويتحقق المختبر من أحقيتها في شهادة كرونومتر COSC فيحق للمصنع أن يكتب عليها «كرونومتر»، وتعطى شهاد «كوسك» تشهد على دقتها.

المصادر

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كرونومتر


Seferihisar, Türkiye'nin İzmir ilinin bir ilçesidir. İlçenin kuzeyinde Urla, kuzeydoğusunda Güzelbahçe ve Karabağlar, doğusunda Menderes ilçeleri, güneyinde ve batısında Ege Denizi bulunmaktadır. Seferihisar, 1884 yılında ilçe olmuştur.

Tarihçe
Seferihisar ilçesi topraklarında en eski yerleşim yeri Teos olup, burasının MÖ 1000 yıllarında Akalar'dan kaçan Giritliler tarafından kurulduğu ve İyonyalıların bir kenti olduğu bilinmektedir. Böylece yörenin 3000 yıllık bir yerleşim yeri olduğu söylenebilir. 1884'te ilçe olmuştur. Bu kadar uzun bir süreç içerisinde birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yaptığı için tarih içerisinde bir sürü savaşa da tanıklık etmiştir. Dönemdeki değişim ve savaşların izlerini, bölgedeki kalıntılarda görmek mümkündür.

Türkiye'nin ilk yavaş şehri (Cittaslow) ünvanını 2009 yılında almıştır ve bu sayede, genellikle büyük şehirlerdeki hızlı yaşamdan farklı olarak, hızlı yaşamın getirdiği stresten uzak huzurlu yaşamı benimsemiştir. Cittaslow, Seferihisar şehrini bu sayede yavaşlığa ve yerelliğe teşvik etmiştir. Ayrıca bu kavramı benimsedikten sonra insanlar tarafından daha çok bilinmeye başlamıştır.

Coğrafya
İl merkezine uzaklığı 45 km'dir. İlçenin kuzeyinde Urla, kuzeydoğusunda Güzelbahçe ve Karabağlar, doğusunda Menderes ilçeleri, güneyinde ve batısında Ege Denizi bulunmaktadır. İlçe merkezi denizden 5 km içeride bulunmaktadır. İlçenin yüzölçümü 375 km²'dir. Seferihisar'ın matematiksel konumu ise 26°45'00" doğu; 27°01'30" doğu boylamları ile 38°17'00" kuzey ve 38°02'00" kuzey enlemleridir.

İlçe topraklarından demiryolu hattı geçmemekte, en yakın istasyon İzmir kent merkezinde (45 km) ve Adnan Menderes Havalimanı'nda (40 km) hizmet vermektedir.

İlçenin deniz kıyısında yolcu ve yük taşımacılığına ait bir limanı bulunmazken, Sığacık'ta bir balıkçı barınağı ve 400 yat kapasiteli yat limanı bulunmaktadır.

İlçe merkezinin kuruluş yeri deniz seviyesinden 18 m yüksektedir. Kent, kuzey-güney yönünde uzanan Kızıldağlar'ın (1080 m) batısında, denize inen yamaçlar ve Kocaçay Vadisinin düzlükleri üzerine kurulmuştur.

Seferihisar ilçe merkezinin yakın çevresindeki yerleşmelere uzaklığı şöyledir:
 Güzelbahçe: 23 km
 Konak (İzmir kent merkezi): 45 km
 Urla: 30 km
 Çeşme: 85 km
 Ürkmez: 23 km
 Gümüldür: 28 km
 Özdere: 38 km
 Selçuk: 52 km
 Menderes: 45 km

Yer şekilleri
Seferihisar, Urla Yarımadası'nın alçak depresyonlarından biri üzerinde yer almaktadır. Güzelbahçe'den Seferihisar'a doğru uzanan bu geniş depresyon alanı yer yer akarsularla parçalanmış olduğundan arızalı bir görünüm sunar. Bu alan, daha sonra Ulamış, Düzce ve Turgut köylerinin bulunduğu geniş depresyonla birleşerek güneybatı yönünde düz ve düze yakın eğimlerle Azmak Ovası'na ulaşır, oradan da denizle son bulur.

Seferihisar morfolojik bakımdan bazı birimlere ayrılabilir. İlk ayırt edilen birim aşınım yüzeyleridir. Akarsu vadileriyle yarılan aşınım yüzeylerinin eteklerindeki yamaçlar ise ayrı bir morfolojik birim oluşturur.

Seferihisar yöresinin yer şekillerinde akarsu aşındırması sonucu meydana gelen biriktirmenin rolü büyüktür. Nitekim Azmak Dere, Yassı Çay ve kollarının biriktirme şekillerinden alüvyal ova düzlükleri oluşmuştur. Azmak Dere ve kollarının oluşturduğu taban ovasına Azmak Ovası denilmekte, bir başka ova tabanı ilçe merkezinden başlayıp, Teos ören yerine kadar devam etmektedir.

Seferihisar'da diğer bir morfolojik birim kıyılardır. Kıyılar, Urla Yarımadası'nın diğer kıyıları gibi girintili çıkıntılıdır. Bu kıyıların girintili çıkıntılı olmasının nedeni; dördüncü zaman (kuaterner) glasyel dönemi sonunda deniz seviyesinin yükselmesi ve bu arada tektonik hareketler sonucu meydana gelen kırılmalara bağlanabilir.

Sığacık ovası ve güneyindeki kıyılar düz ve girintisizdir. Bu alanlar dereler tarafından getirilen alüvyonla dolmuş ve bugünkü şeklini almıştır.

İlçe arazisinde en fazla yükselti 680 metre ile Çakmaktepe'dedir.

İklim
İklim şartlarının belirlenmesinde planeter faktörlerden başka yükselti, rölyef, bakı, kıyı konumu, denizden uzaklık, kıyı akıntıları gibi fiziki coğrafya koşulları da etkili olmaktadır. Seferihisar'da ise morfolojik bakımdan yüksek alanlar az olduğu için rölyefin ve yükseltinin pek etkisi yoktur. Yörenin ikliminde en büyük etki denize aittir. Denize yakınlık ve denizin ılıman etkisiyle sıcaklık kış aylarında pek düşmez.

Seferihisar'da ortalama yıllık sıcaklık, meteoroloji istasyonunun 1929-1995 yılları arası kayıtlarına göre 16,4 C°, aylık ortalama maksimum sıcaklık Temmuz ayında 35,2 C°, aylık ortalama minimum sıcaklık 4,2 C°'dir.

Seferihisar ve çevresinde yüksek yaz sıcaklıkları yaşanırken kışlar ılık geçmektedir. Bu duruma göre Seferihisar'ın Akdeniz termik rejim bölgesi içinde olduğu söylenebilir. Çünkü yılın 4 ayında (Haziran-Temmuz-Ağustos-Eylül) sıcaklıklar 20 C°'nin üstündedir.

Seferihisar'da yıllık ortalama rüzgâr hızı, yaklaşık olarak 3,5 m/sn civarındadır. Ocak, Şubat, Mart aylarında rüzgâr hızında nispi bir artış gözlenirken Mart ayından Haziran ayına kadar bir azalma daha sonra tekrar yükselme gözlenmekte ise de bunlar önemli bir değer değildir. Diğer yandan kışın ve geçiş mevsimlerinde rüzgârın hızı zaman zaman oldukça artmaktadır.

Seferihisar'da yıllık ortalama bağıl nem %64 olup, aylara göre değişmektedir. Sonbahardan itibaren bağıl nem oranı ilkbahar sonuna kadar yıllık ortalamadan fazla, Mayıs ayından itibaren yıllık ortalamanın altındadır. Minimum nem durumuna bakıldığında; hiçbir ayda atmosfer neminin %10'un altına düşmediği anlaşılır. Batı sektörlü rüzgârların etkin olduğu, sıcaklığın azaldığı, bulutluluğun arttığı kış aylarında bağıl nem oranı artmakta, kuzey sektörlü rüzgârların görüldüğü ve bulutluluğun azaldığı yaz aylarında ise azalmaktadır. Kısaca söylenebilir ki deniz etkisinde olan yörede bağıl nem değerleri her ay yüksektir.

Seferihisar'da yıllık ortalama yağış miktarı 588,1 mm'dir. En yağışlı mevsim kış mevsimi ve ne yağışlı ay Aralık ayıdır (142 mm). En az yağış ise yaz aylarında görülür (Temmuz ayında 1 mm). Seferihisar yarı nemli, mezotermal, su noksanı yaz aylarında çok kuvvetli, deniz etkisi alan bir özelliğe sahiptir. Mayıs-Eylül ayları arasında topraktaki su yetersizliği yörede tarım faaliyetlerini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Kasım ayından Nisan ayına kadar olan dönemde ise buharlaşma az olduğu ve yağış miktarları da yeterli olduğu için toprakta su bulunmaktadır.

Bitki örtüsü
Seferihisar ekolojik ve fizyonomik bakımından ortak özellikler gösteren bitki topluluklarına sahiptir. Bitki toplulukları iki ana formasyonda görülür. Bunlar; maki topluluğu ve orman topluluğudur. Maki olarak ayırt edilen ve baskın türlerini, delice, menengiç, zakkum, katırtırnağı ve yer yer fundaların oluşturduğu formasyonda maki - garig şeklinde topluluklar da vardır. Ayrıca küçük topluluklar halinde kızılçam ormanları ile yüksek yapılı, kalın gövdeli, tek ağaç şeklinde meşeler yayılış gösterir. Doğal bitki örtüsü arasında kültür bitkilerinden zeytin ve narenciye ağaçları dikkati çeker.

Ulaşım
Hem Seferihisar'ın köklü olan tarihini görmek hem de sakin şehir olmasını deneyimlemek isteyen ziyaretçi ve turistlere açık bir yerdir. Seferihisar, İzmir'e yaklaşık olarak 45 km uzaklıktadır ve merkezine ulaşım, karayolu üzerinden sağlanmaktadır. Buraya ulaşmak isteyen kişiler İzmir'e gelip merkezden düzenli olarak kalkan otobüs seferleri ile Seferihisar'a ulaşımlarını sağlayabilirler.

Alternatif olarak İzmir Adnan Menderes Havalimanını kullanabilirler. Bu havalimanının özelliği Seferihisar'a en yakın havalimanı olmasıdır ve merkeze yaklaşık olarak 70 km uzaklıkta bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca buradan hem Türkiye'de buluna diğer şehirlere hem de dünyanın birçok yerine uçuşlarını sağlayabilirler.

Başka bir alternatif olarak deniz ulaşımını kullanabilirler. Yaz aylarında İzmir'den sakin şehrimiz olan Seferihisar'a deniz otobüsü seferleri bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca ilçede tekne ve marina turları da hizmet vermektedir.

Şehir içi ulaşıma bakıldığında ise genellikle özel araç, dolmuş veya taksi kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca burada bisiklet yolları da bulunur yani dileyen kişiler bisikletleri aracılığı ile de ulaşımlarını sağlayabilmektedirler.

Nüfus

Ekonomi
Seferihisar ilçesi genelinde ekonomik faaliyetlerin temelini tarım ve onun içerisinde de zeytincilik oluşturmakta iken, narenciye ve enginar yetiştiriciliği ile süs bitkileri ağırlıklı seracılık, hayvancılık son yıllarda önemli gelir kaynağı olmaya başlamıştır. Öte yandan balıkçılık devam ederken, turizm; günümüzde ilçe ekonomisine katkı veren en önemli sektörlerden biri haline gelmiştir. Nüfusun %80'i tarımla uğraşmaktadır.

İlçenin sanayi ve ticaret hayatında çeşitli alanlarda faaliyet gösteren işletme, fabrika, atölye ve imalathaneler bulunmaktadır. Bunları saymak gerekirse; İlçe merkezinde tanzim et satış mağazası ve otobüs işletmesi olmak üzere 2 adet belediye iktisadi teşekkülü, 11 adet un fabrikası, 9 adet mandıra, 8 adet zeytinyağı fabrikası, 11 adet yaş meyve-sebze paketleme işletmesi, 2 adet beşer tonluk süt toplama merkezi, 50 adet marangoz imalathanesi, 10 adet soğuk demir atölyesi, 6 adet alüminyum ve 4 adet plastik imalathanesi bulunmaktadır. Narenciye paketleme tesislerinde işlenen ürünler ihraç edilmekte, diğer imalathane ve atölyeler ise ancak ilçe ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaktadır.

Yönetim
Seferihisar'ın Beyler, Çamtepe, Düzce, Gödence, Gölcük, İhsaniye, Kavakdere, Orhanlı ve Turgut olmak üzere toplam 9 köyü ve Doğanbey ile Ürkmez beldeleri bulunmaktadır. Çamtepe Güzelbahçe ilçesinden 2001 yılında Seferihisar'a bağlanmıştır. Beyler, Orhanlı, Gödence, Çamtepe ve İhsaniye köyleri orman köyleridir. Kavakdere köyü ise dağınık yerleşme yapısına sahiptir. Orhanlı köyü 1979 tarihinden itibaren yeni yerleşim alanına kurulmuş, eski köyün yerinde bir mahalle kalmıştır.

Seferihisar ilçe merkezi 6 mahalleye sahiptir. Bunlar, Turabiye, Camikebir, Hıdırlık, Tepecik, Çolak İbrahim Bey, Sığacık ve Ulamış mahalleleridir.

Belediye başkanları

Kardeş şehirler

Fotoğraflar

Ayrıca bakınız
 Sığacık Kalesi

Kaynakça
Seferihisar Belediyesi. (t.y.). http://seferihisar.bel.tr/ .Erişim tarihi:  15.05.2023

Bilkent Post. (2021, 30 Haziran). Yavaşladıkça İlerleyen Şehir: Seferihisar. http://bilkentpost.bilkent.edu.tr/index.php/2021/06/30/yavasladikca-ilerleyen-sehir-seferihisar/ . Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2023

TAV Havalimanları. (t.y.). İzmir Adnan Menderes Havalimanı. https://adnanmenderesairport.com/

Dış bağlantılar

 T.C. Seferihisar Kaymakamlığı
 Seferihisar Belediyesi

Cittaslow

Seferihisar


Mercenarii de pe Rychna (1974) (titlu original Les mercenaires de Rychna) este un roman al scriitorului francez Pierre Barbet.  A fost tradus în limba română de  Simona Pelin  și a fost publicat în 2001 la Editura Antet (Colecția Ultra SF).

Intriga

Maiorul Dervhax, contactat de un astrot de reputație dubioasă, este de acord să conducă o expediție ilegală trimisă pe planeta Rychna. Misiunea este de a găsi acolo fiica unui pământean bogat dispărută în mod misterios. Dervhax recrutează mercenari și se duce în junglele perfide ale Rychnei în mina în care Daneka a lucrat ca asistentă medicală. Nenumărate obstacole îi blochează drumul: ucigași monstruoși și diini ciudați. Mercenarii rămăși pe Rychna trebuie să se confrunte și cu trădarea lui Von Nagel.

Note

Legături externe
 Istoria publicării romanului Mercenarii de pe Rychna pe isfdb.org
 Istoria publicării romanului Les mercenaires de Rychna  pe isfdb.org

Vezi și
1974 în literatură

Cărți din 1974
Romane din 1974
Romane franceze
Romane de Pierre Barbet

Mercenarii de pe Rychna


De Nava peut faire référence à:
 Giovanni De Nava (1944- ) est un acteur et producteur cinématographique italien naturalisé britannique
 Giuseppe De Nava (1858-1924) est un homme politique italien
 Pietro De Nava (1870-1944) est un ingénieur italien

De Nava


Als optische Entfernungsmessung werden Methoden der Geodäsie bezeichnet, welche die oft benötigte Streckenmessung durch Messung des parallaktischen Winkels erlaubten.

Bis zur Jahrhundertwende (um 1900) waren die Theodolite ausschließlich für die Winkelmessung geeignet. Als erste Methode einer genäherten Streckenmessung führte Georg Friedrich von Reichenbach die Distanzfäden im Fadennetz ein, zwischen denen ein Abschnitt auf der Messlatte abzulesen und mit 100 zu multiplizieren war.

In der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts brachte die Firma Wild Heerbrugg – durch starke Impulse seitens moderner Maschinen- und Bautechniken angetrieben – geodätische Instrumente auf den Markt, die mit Zusatzgeräten für eine genauere Entfernungsmessung ausgerüstet waren. Man maß den parallaktischen Winkel nun an einer 2 Meter langen hochpräzisen Basislatte und berechnete die Entfernung trigonometrisch.

Bald splitteten sich diese Messlatten auf in:
 Messlatten mit horizontaler Lage: erzielten höhere Genauigkeit und wurden für die Landesvermessung eingesetzt
 Messlatten mit vertikaler Lage: eingesetzt in der Bauvermessung und der Ingenieurgeodäsie.
Heute sind diese Geräte – obwohl sie auch nach 50 Jahren noch klaglos funktionieren – zu reinen Liebhaber- oder Museumsstücken geworden. Sie wurden in den 1960er Jahren durch die elektronische Distanzmessung (EDM; Distanzer) mittels Mikrowellen, Laser- und infrarotem Licht abgelöst.

Die rasche (aber ungenauere) Entfernungsmessung mit den 1:100-Distanzfäden wird noch heute manchmal verwendet, wenn die Baufirma oder der Vermessungsingenieur gerade keinen Distanzer zur Verfügung hat.

Geodäsie

Optische Entfernungsmessung (Geodäsie)


Selma Alispahić, née le 10 mars 1970 à Tuzla, à l'époque en Yougoslavie, est une actrice bosnienne de théâtre et de cinéma.

Biographie
Elle est née en 1970. Lorsqu'elle termine sa deuxième année du lycée à l'âge de 16 ans, elle a l'opportunité de poursuivre au sein de l'Académie d'art dramatique de Tuzla pour apprendre le métier de comédien, avec notamment comme professeur un acteur bosnien bien connu . Elle en sort en 1990, en ayant commencé à jouer pour le Théâtre de Tuzla, puis,  en troisième année, en étant mise à contribution par le Théâtre national de Sarajevo.

Après quelques années à Sarajevo, elle vit et travaille à Londres de 1992 à 1997. Elle joue notamment au Royal National Theatre, mais aussi pour la compagnie théâtrale , et au . Elle obtient le rôle principal dans le film Elgar's Tenth Muse: The Life of an English Composer,  sur l''histoire de la relation entre la violoniste Jelly d'Arányi et le compositeur anglais Edward Elgar.En 1998, elle revient en Bosnie-Herzégovine, son pays qui a dû se reconstruire après une longue période de guerre, entre différents pays isssus de l'ancienne Yougoslavie. Elle y devient membre permanente de la troupe théâtrale du , une compagnie fondée en 1992 à Sarajevo durant le siège de cette ville.

Elle joue dans les principaux succès de cette compagnie, notamment ¡Ay, Carmela!, la pièce de l'Espagnol José Sanchis Sinisterra sur la guerre civile et le fascisme, ou encore  Rechnitz, une pièce d'Elfriede Jelinek, prix Nobel de littérature, mise en scène par Sabine Mitterecker et consacrée à l'assassinat de centaines de juifs à Rechnitz en 1945 et au silence qui a suivi ce crime commis au nom de la pureté ethnique. La pièce est jouée à Sarajevo, habitée surtout par des Bosniens, puis à Mostar les jours suivants, ville de la communauté croate, avant Srebrenica, lieu du massacre de , située en République serbe de Bosnie. Elle est également prévue à Zagreb, et envisagée à Belgrade

Ces pièces  trouvent un écho particulier auprès des publics ayant vécu la guerre de Bosnie-Herzégovine. , explique-t-elle, .

Théâtre
 Katarina Kosača
 Čežnja i smrt Silvije Plat
 ¡Ay, Carmela!
 Hasanaginica
 Hamdibeg
 Učene žene
 Rechnitz

Filmographie

Longs métrages
 2000 :  (titre anglais : Milky Way)
 2007 : Elgar's Tenth Muse: The Life of an English Composer
 2011 : Broken Mussels
 2013 : A Stranger
 2013 : Selam

Television
 1995 : Bliss
 2011 : Bez rizika

Courts métrages
 2000 : Igraj do kraja
 2012 : Priča bez kraja

Références

Liens externes

Actrice bosnienne
Naissance en mars 1970
Naissance à Tuzla

Selma Alispahić


Der Jüdische Friedhof in der Marienstraße ist ein jüdischer Friedhof in Uedem, einer Gemeinde im Kreis Kleve in Nordrhein-Westfalen.

Geschichte
Die Juden von Uedem und Kalkar bildeten im 19. Jahrhundert einen gemeinsamen Synagogenbezirk. Die Größe der jüdischen Gemeinde in Uedem belief sich 1829 auf 44, 1885 auf 37 und 1932 noch auf 22 Mitglieder. Eine ehemalige Klosterkapelle wurde seit 1820/21 als Synagoge genutzt. Diese wurde 1938/39 verkauft und noch vor 1945 abgerissen.

In Uedem gab es bereits einen älteren, seit etwa 1700 belegten und 1825 aufgegebenen Begräbnisplatz am Graf-Johann-Wall. Der um 1830 entstandene jüngere jüdische Friedhof in der Marienstraße wurde in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus überbaut und erst 1957 wieder hergestellt. Er liegt heute unmittelbar neben dem Kommunalfriedhof, hier sind noch 17 Grabsteine vorhanden.

Literatur
 Elfi Pracht: Jüdisches Kulturerbe in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Teil II. Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf. Köln 2000, S. 364–365 (Beiträge zu den Bau- und Kunstdenkmälern im Rheinland, Bd. 34.2)
 Ursula Reuter: Jüdische Gemeinden vom frühen 19. bis zum Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts. Bonn 2007, S. 86 (Geschichtlicher Atlas der Rheinlande, VIII.8), ISBN 978-3-7749-3524-2.

Weblinks
 Uedem (Neuer Friedhof). In: Jüdische Friedhöfe in Nordrhein. In: Übersicht über alle Projekte zur Dokumentation jüdischer Grabinschriften auf dem Gebiet der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Nordrhein-Westfalen. Bearbeiterin: Claudia Pohl.
 Uedem (Alter Friedhof). In: Jüdische Friedhöfe in Nordrhein. In: Übersicht über alle Projekte zur Dokumentation jüdischer Grabinschriften auf dem Gebiet der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Nordrhein-Westfalen. Bearbeiterin: Claudia Pohl.

Uedem
Kulturdenkmal (Nordrhein-Westfalen)
Bauwerk in Uedem
Geschlossener Friedhof

Jüdischer Friedhof (Uedem)


Dudley Francis Stuart Ryder, 3rd Earl of Harrowby  (16 January 183126 March 1900), known as Viscount Sandon from 1847 to 1882, was a British peer and politician.

Life
He was the second son and eventual heir of Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby, and Lady Frances Stuart, fourth daughter of John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute.
He was born at Brighton on 16 January 1831.
He was educated at Harrow and the university of Oxford, where he matriculated from Christ Church on 31 May 1849, graduated B.A. in 1853, and proceeded M.A. in 1878.

On leaving the university, Viscount Sandon, as he was styled during his father's lifetime, made a tour in the East with Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon, visiting Syria and the Lebanon (see Carnavon's Recollections of the Druses of the Lebanon, London, 1860, 8vo).
On his return to England, he did garrison duty as captain in the 2nd Staffordshire militia regiment, during the Crimean war and Indian mutiny.

Political career

Harrowby was Member of Parliament (MP) for Lichfield from 1856 to 1859 and for Liverpool from 1868 until he succeeded to the peerage in 1882.
He gained experience of affairs as private secretary to Henry Labouchere at the colonial office.

He was a member of the select committees on the Hudson's Bay Company (1857) and the Euphrates Valley (1871–72), and continued throughout life to devote much time and attention to the study of imperial and colonial questions.
He was Vice-President of the Committee on Education from 1874 to 1878, and President of the Board of Trade (with a seat in the cabinet) from 1878 to 1880 in Benjamin Disraeli's second administration and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1874.
Between 1885 and 1886, he served as Lord Privy Seal in Lord Salisbury's first government.

Apart from his career in national politics he was also Chairman of the Staffordshire county council and a Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace for that county.

He died at Sandon Hall, Staffordshire, on 26 March 1900.

Family
Lord Harrowby married Lady Mary Cecil, daughter of Brownlow Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Exeter, in 1861. The marriage was childless. Harrowby died in March 1900, aged 69, and was succeeded by his younger brother, Henry.
Lady Harrowby died in July 1917.

References

External links

1831 births
1900 deaths
Lords Privy Seal
People educated at Harrow School
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Earls of Harrowby
English justices of the peace
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Liverpool
UK MPs 1852–1857
UK MPs 1857–1859
UK MPs 1868–1874
UK MPs 1874–1880
UK MPs 1880–1885
Harrowby, E3
Members of the London School Board
Dudley
Deputy Lieutenants of Staffordshire
Presidents of the Board of Trade

Dudley Ryder, 3rd Earl of Harrowby


Maximiliano Andrés Laso (Buenos Aires, Argentina; 17 de febrero de 1988) es un futbolista argentino. Juega como mediocampista ofensivo y su primer equipo fue Banfield. Actualmente milita en La Solana de la Tercera Federación de España.

Trayectoria

Argentina
En Banfield, el club que lo hizo debutar en la profesionalidad, ha tenido 56 apariciones (sólo 12 de titular) y ha anotado 5 goles. Estuvo cinco temporadas en el Taladro.

En el 2011, después de terminar su contrato con Banfield, el jugador fue fichado por Olimpo de Bahía Blanca, donde tuvo algo más de continuidad, jugando 13 partidos (7 de titular) y anotando sólo un gol.

A mediados de 2013, luego de una temporada en el fútbol rumano, regresa al país y se incorpora a Unión de Santa Fe. El vínculo es a préstamo por un año, con una opción de compra por el 50% de su pase. Sin embargo, su rendimiento fue bajo, por lo cual a mitad de torneo rescindió su contrato de común acuerdo con el club.

Extranjero
En el segundo semestre del 2010, es cedido a AEL Limassol de Chipre por un año, donde juega solamente 4 partidos en todo el año y ninguno de titular. A principios de 2011 regresó a Banfield pero fue prestado nuevamente, esta vez a Grêmio Barueri de Brasil.

En el 2012, tiene un paso por el UTA Arad de la Liga II de Rumania, donde juega 19 partidos (17 de titular) y convierte 2 goles.

Una vez desvinculado de Unión de Santa Fe, a principios de 2014 se incorpora al BEC Tero Sasana de Tailandia.

Clubes

Estadísticas
 Actualizado al 29 de octubre de 2023

Palmarés

Campeonatos nacionales

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Ficha de BDFA
 Ficha en livefutbol
 Ficha en soccerway
 Ficha en transfermarkt

Futbolistas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Futbolistas de las inferiores del Club Atlético Banfield
Futbolistas del Club Atlético Banfield
Futbolistas del AEL Limassol FC
Futbolistas del Grêmio Barueri Futebol
Futbolistas del Club Olimpo
Futbolistas del FC UTA Arad
Futbolistas del Club Atlético Unión (Santa Fe) en los años 2010
Futbolistas del BEC Tero Sasana Football Club
Futbolistas del FC Olimpia Satu Mare
Futbolistas del Club Atlético Douglas Haig
Futbolistas del Club Atlético Brown
Futbolistas del Sport Clube Freamunde
Futbolistas del ASA 2013 Târgu Mureș
Futbolistas del Club Atlético Talleres (Remedios de Escalada)
Futbolistas del Club Atlético San Telmo
Futbolistas del Real Pilar Fútbol Club
Futbolistas del Club Atlético Argentino (Merlo)

Maximiliano Laso


Bulletin of Botanical Research (abreviado Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin) es una revista ilustrada con descripciones botánicas que es editada en China en la ciudad de Harbin. Es publicada desde el año 1981. Fue precedida por Bull. Bot. Lab. N.E. Forest Inst., Harbin

Referencias

Enlaces externos
en IPNI

Revistas de botánica
Revistas científicas en inglés
Revistas científicas de China
Publicaciones fundadas en 1981

Bulletin of Botanical Research


Das Konstanzer Inventar (KI) auf den Seiten der Universität Konstanz stellt kriminologische und kriminalstatistische Informationen zur Struktur und Entwicklung der registrierten Kriminalität und der Sanktionspraxis in Deutschland bereit.

Informationen

Informationen werden in Form von Texten, Schaubildern und Tabellen insbesondere bereitgehalten zur

 Kriminalitätsentwicklung: Statistisch und graphisch aufbereitete Daten zur Entwicklung der amtlich registrierten Kriminalität auf Basis der Daten der Polizeilichen Kriminalstatistik und der gerichtlichen Verurteiltenstatistik  (Strafverfolgungsstatistik).  im Konstanzer Inventar Kriminalitätsentwicklung (KIK), darunter regelmäßig aktualisierte Darstellungen zur Entwicklung der Jugendkriminalität in Deutschland
 Sanktionierungspraxis:  Sonderauswertungen veröffentlichter und unveröffentlichter Daten zur Struktur und Entwicklung der Sanktionspraxis in Deutschland einschließlich der 'informellen' Sanktionen (Diversion) sowie der freiheitsentziehenden Maßregeln. im Konstanzer Inventar Sanktionsforschung (KIS).

Ergänzt werden die statistischen Sonderauswertungen durch eine Reihe von kriminologischen und kriminalstatistischen Einzel- und Übersichtsdarstellungen.
Betrieben wird das Konstanzer Inventar von dem emeritierten Professor Wolfgang Heinz und dem Soziologen Gerhard Spiess, Universität Konstanz.

Weblinks
 Website zum Konstanzer Inventar bei der Universität Konstanz

Einzelnachweise

Universität Konstanz
Kriminologie
Kriminalstatistik

Konstanzer Inventar


Demircan ist ein türkischer männlicher Vorname türkischer (demir) und persischer (can) Herkunft, der auch als Familienname auftritt.

Namensträger

Familienname
 Abdulaziz Demircan (* 1991), türkischer Fußballtorhüter
 Bahattin Demircan (* 1956), türkischer Fußballtorhüter und -trainer
 Ceyhun Demircan (* 1990), türkischer Fußballtorhüter
 Oktay Demircan (* 1989), türkischer Fußballspieler
 Sezai Demircan (* 1985), deutsch-türkischer Fußballspieler
 Suzan Demircan (* 1974), deutsche Schauspielerin

Siehe auch
 Demirkan (keine Variante)

Einzelnachweise

Männlicher Vorname
Doppelname (Vorname)
Familienname
Türkischer Personenname

Demircan


Waldemar Christofer Brøgger () a fost un geolog și mineralog norvegian. Cercetările sale asupra rocilor igienice din Permian (de aproximativ 286–245 milioane de ani) din districtul Oslo au condus la progresul teoriei petrologice privind formarea rocilor.

Viața
Sa născut și a murit în Oslo (în acele timpuri încă denumit Kristiania), Norvegia. A urmat școala de pe lângă Catedrala din Oslo înainte de a studia la Universitatea din Oslo.

A fost profesor de mineralogie și geologie din perioada 1881–1890 la Universitatea din Stockholm, iar între 1890 și 1916 a fost profesor de mineralogie și paleontologie la Universitatea din Kristiania.  De asemenea, a devenit rector și președinte al Senatului Universității Regale din Kristiania.

Observațiile sale asupra rocilor ignifuge din Tirolul de Sud comparativ cu cele din Kristiania au oferă multe informații referitoare la relațiile dintre rocile granitice și a celor de bază. Și-a focalizat atenția asupra diferențierii tipurilor de roci (plutonice sau vulcanice) în procesul de solidificare dintr-o anumită magmă. Sa ocupat și de rocile paleozoice ale Norvegiei și de schimbările climatice glaciare și post-glaciare de la nivelul mării din regiunea Kristiania.

El este creditat ca fiid cel care a propus că pegmatitele se formează prin interacțiunea dintre topitura de silicat și apa în stare supercritică (după alte opinii, această descoperire este atribuită lui Richard H. Jahns).

A fost membru al Academiei Regale de Științe din Suedia din 1890 și membru al Royal Society of London.  Diploma de doctor (PhD) i-a fost conferită de Universitatea din Heidelberg iar cea de Legum Doctor (LL.D.) de către Universitatea din Glasgow în 1901. A primit medalia Murchison în 1891 și medalia Wollaston în 1911, ambele din partea Societății Geologice din Londra.

Note

Membri străini ai Royal Society
Membri ai Academiei Regale Suedeze
Laureați ai Medaliei Wollaston
Oameni din Oslo
Decese în 1940
Nașteri în 1851

Waldemar Christofer Brøgger


كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية بصفاقس هي إحدى الكليات التابعة لجامعة صفاقس، وقد أنشئت بمقتضى الأمر عدد 87-6 المؤرخ في 13 نوفمبر 1987. عميد الكلية الآن هو محمد بن عياد.

أرقام
 يدرس بالكلية حوالي سبعة آلاف طالبا بما يجعلها من أكبر الكليات بالجنوب التونسي.

أقسامها
تحتوي كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية بصفاقس على الأقسام التالية:
 العربية.
 الأنقليزية.
 الفرنسية.
 التاريخ.
 الفلسفة.
 علم الاجتماع.

البحث
تعد الكلية عشر وحدات بحث تتناول مختلف الاختصاصات، وهذه الوحدات هي:
 الفينومينولوجيا
 INTERACTION ET TRAITEMENT DU LANGAGE
 CIVILISATION ET LITTERATURE
 ANALYSE DU DISCOURS
 VILLAGES ET COMMUNAUTES RURALES EN TUNISIE
 اللسانيات والنظم المعرفية المتصلة بها
 المتخيــل
 مثاقفات تونس المتوسطية
 التنمية والمحيط الاجتماعي
 المناهج التأويلية

وصلة خارجية
 موقع كلية الآداب زالعلوم الإنسانية بصفاقس.

مراجع

التعليم في تونس
تعليم عال
جامعة صفاقس
معاهد علمية

كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية بصفاقس


Nou Castalia İspanya'nın Castellón şehrinde 1922 yılında çok amaçlı olarak inşa edilen bir stadyum

Stadyumda çoğunlukla futbol müsabakaları yapılmaktadır. İspanya'nın CD Castellón takımının maçlarını yaptığı stadyum, 12.500 seyirci kapasitelidir.

İspanya'daki stadyumlar

Nou Castalia


An Pistia stratiotes in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné. An Pistia stratiotes in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pistia, ngan familia nga Araceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo diri gud kababarak-an. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Pistia

Pistia stratiotes


Nina Mary Benita Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton (née Nina Mary Benita Poore; 13 May 1878 – 12 January 1951) was an English peeress and animal rights activist.

Early life

Douglas-Hamilton was born on 13 May 1878 in Nether Wallop, Hampshire. She was the youngest daughter of Major Robert Poore and Juliana Benita Lowry-Corry; her mother was a daughter of Rear Admiral Armar Lowry Corry.

Personal life
Three years after her brother, Major Robert Poore, married Flora Douglas-Hamilton, on 4 December 1901 Nina married Flora's brother Alfred Douglas-Hamilton, 13th Duke of Hamilton, at the parish church of Newton Tony, Wiltshire, not far from her parents' home at Winterslow. Together, they were the parents of four sons and three daughters:
 Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton
 Lady Jean Douglas-Hamilton
 George Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Selkirk
 Lady Margaret Douglas-Hamilton
 Lord Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton
 Lord David Douglas-Hamilton
 Lady Mairi Nina Douglas-Hamilton

Douglas-Hamilton refused to be operated on for a throat condition due to her opinions on medical research, and when the condition worsened, she refused antibiotics. The condition led to her death on 12 January 1951, at her London house. The funeral service was held in Salisbury Cathedral and the burial was at Berwick St John, near Shaftesbury.

Philanthropy
Douglas-Hamilton was very proud of her father's work in helping agricultural labourers at Winterslow and was philanthropic towards the group, but kept her gifts secret from all but the recipients. Another gift was sufficient to completely equip and furnish a home for nurses at Bo'ness, West Lothian.

She was a co-founder in 1903 of the Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society, with Lizzy Lind af Hageby, a society which set up three veterinary hospitals for horses during World War I, and campaigned against cruelty to animals including the use of animals in war. In 1912 she became a founder of the Scottish Society for the Prevention of Vivisection, which went on to become Advocates for Animals. She also established Ferne Animal Sanctuary, at Ferne House in Dorset, the estate she and her husband owned. She compiled an illustrated book related to the sanctuary called Chronicles of Ferne, published in 1951.

Legacy
A Princess Coronation Class steam locomotive was named after her, which is on static display at the National Railway Museum, York. The Duchess Nina Institute in the village of Quarter, near Hamilton, Scotland, was a gift to the villagers by the Duke and Duchess of Hamilton and was formally opened on 24 September 1910.

See also
 List of animal rights advocates

Notes

External links
 The Duchess Nina Institute – Hamilton Observer, 1 October 1910

Hamilton, Nina Mary Benita Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of
Hamilton, Nina Mary Benita Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of
Douglas-Hamilton, Nina Mary Benita
English animal rights activists
Hamilton, Nina Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of
Anti-vivisectionists

Nina Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton


المقتدر بالله أبو جعفر أحمد بن سليمان بن هود حاكم طائفة سرقسطة في عهد ملوك الطوائف. شهد عهد المقتدر ذروة تقدم طائفة سرقسطة السياسي والثقافي، نظرًا لرعاية المقتدر للعلوم والفلسفة والفنون، وهو أيضًا باني قصر الجعفرية أحد الرموز المعمارية الأندلسية الباقية في إسبانيا.

استطاع المقتدر أن يعيد توحيد أراضي طائفة سرقسطة تحت حكمه ما عدا لاردة التي كانت تحت أخيه يوسف المظفر بعد أن كان أبوه سليمان بن هود قد قسّم ملكه بين بنيه الخمسة. استمر المقتدر في قتال أخيه المظفر 30 عامًا قبل أن يتمكن من ضم أراضيه، وأسر أخيه. نظرًا لوقوع إمارته على حدود الممالك المسيحية أراغون ونافارا وقشتالة، تعرضت أراضيه لغزوات تلك الممالك من آن إلى آخر، مما جعله يدفع الجزية لجيرانه المسيحيين للإبقاء على إمارته.

تاريخه
في عام 436 هـ، أرسله أبوه سليمان بن هود بقوة لانتزاع وادي الحجارة من بني ذي النون. حاول المأمون أن يستنقذ المدينة من يده، إلا أنه هُزم في عدة معارك أمام أحمد بن هود، فانسحب إلى طلبيرة، فطارده ابن هود حتى أمره أبوه بالكف عن مطاردة المأمون. قبل وفاة أبيه عام 438 هـ، قسم سليمان بن هود إمارته بين بنيه الخمسة، فكانت سرقسطة من نصيب ولده أحمد، ولاردة ليوسف، ووشقة لولده لُبّ، وتطيلة للمنذر، وقلعة أيوب لمحمد. ولم تمض فترة طويلة حتى استطاع أحمد المقتدر أن ينتزع وشقة وتطيلة وقلعة أيوب من إخوته، وسمل أعينهم وسجنهم. لكنه لم يستطع أن ينتزع لاردة من أخيه يوسف المظفر. ظل المقتدر يتصيد الفرص للاستيلاء على ملك أخيه، ثم أصابت تطيلة التي أهلها كانوا قد لجأوا للمظفر مجاعة، فأراد المظفر أن يسعفها بالمؤن. غير أنه خاف غدر أخيه المقتدر، فقدم المال لملك نافارا ليسمح بمرور قافلة المؤن عبر أراضيه، فأجابه إلى طلبه. وحين علم المقتدر بذلك، بذل أضعاف المال لملك نافارا ليمكنه من القافلة، فقبلها ملك نافارا. فهاجمت قوات المقتدر القافلة وفتكوا برجالها، واستولى ملك نافارا على ما فيها من المؤن.

وفي عام 452 هـ، تمكن المقتدر من الإستيلاء على طرطوشة من يد صاحبها نبيل الصقلبي مستغلاً ثورة أهل المدينة على نبيل. وفي عام 455 هـ، حاول راميرو سانشيث ملك أراغون غزو سرقسطة، فاستنصر المقتدر بفرناندو ملك قشتالة، فأمده ببعض قواته، ونشبت بينهما معركة قتل فيها راميرو. وفي أوائل عام 456 هـ، غزا النورمانديون بربشتر إحدى مدن أخيه المظفر بقيادة  بدعم من البابا ألكسندر الثاني. لم يستطع المظفر أن ينجد المدينة، فحاصرها النورمانديون أربعين يومًا، قبل أن يستولوا عليها، ويوقعوا بأهلها مذابح كبيرة. استاء ملوك الطوائف ومن بينهم المقتدر مما أصاب أهل المدينة من مذابح وانتهاك للحرمات، فجمعوا الجموع وحرروها في جمادى الأولى 457 هـ، ومن يومها اتخذ أحمد بن هود لقبه المقتدر بالله. وفي خضم حالة الغضب التي انتابت الأندلسيين نتيجة للمذابح التي وقعت للمسلمين في بربشتر على يد النورمانديين، ثار أهل سرقسطة على من فيها من المسيحيين، وحدثت مذابح في حقهم. فخرج فرناندو الأول ملك ليون وقشتالة بقواته عام 457 هـ لمعاقبة المقتدر بن هود لتخلفه عن دفع الجزية، وانتقامًا لما حلّ بمسيحيي سرقسطة، فعاث فرناندو في أراضي سرقسطة الجنوبية واجتاحها، فخرب وحرق الزروع.

وفي عام 468 هـ، ساءت العلاقات بين المقتدر بن هود وزوج ابنته علي بن مجاهد العامري صاحب دانية، فسار المقتدر في قواته إلى دانية وحاصرها، فسلمه علي المدينة على أن يؤمنه على نفسه وأهله، فوافق المقتدر، ودخلها في شعبان 468 هـ، وأخذه المقتدر معه إلى سرقسطة، وظل بها حتى وفاته عام 474 هـ. حاول سراج الدولة بن علي إقبال الدولة الذي كان حاكمًا على حصن شقورة أن يستعيد ملك أبيه، فاستغاث بريموند برانجيه كونت برشلونة، فأمده بقوات استعاد بها بعض الحصون، إلى أن دس عليه المقتدر من اغتاله بالسم عام 469 هـ.

وفي عام 472 هـ، استطاع المقتدر بعد صراع طويل دام لأكثر من 30 عامًا، أن يستولي على ملك أخيه المظفر، ويعتقله في قلعة منتشون حتى وفاته عام 475 هـ.

وفاته
توفي المقتدر بن هود عام 474 هـ/ 1081م من عضة كلب، وقيل عام 475هـ/ 1082م.

المراجع

مصادر

أمراء في سرقسطة
بنو هود
حكام في الأندلس في القرن 11
سرقسطة
عرب في القرن 11
ملوك الطوائف
مواليد في سرقسطة
وفيات 474 هـ
وفيات في سرقسطة
حكام في الأندلس القرن 11

المقتدر بن هود


Der Buchenberg ist ein 314 Meter hoher Berg in Sachsen-Anhalt. Er ist die höchste Erhebung im Höhenzug Huy. Er befindet sich etwa drei Kilometer südwestlich von Dingelstedt am Huy, Gemeinde Huy.

Berg unter 1000 Meter
Berg in Sachsen-Anhalt
Geographie (Landkreis Harz)
Huy (Gemeinde)
Berg in Europa

Buchenberg (Huy)


Ranemsletta er þéttbýli og stjórnsýslumiðstöð sveitarfélagsins Overhalla í Þrændalögum í Noregi. Í byggð eru 487 íbúar og í sveitarfélaginu 3.817 (2022). Ranemsletta er við ána Namsen og liggur FV17 í gegnum staðinn sem er 24 km austur af Namsos.

Overhalla Barne- og Ungdomsskole (grunn- og framhaldsskólinn) er staðsettur á Ranemslétta. Miðalda Ranem kirkjan frá 1187 er einnig staðsett hér.  Kirkjan er hringbogaleg langkirkja í rómönskum stíl. Byggingarefnið er grár steinn á marmara sökkli en þak og turn úr timbri.

Við Bertnum garð eru þrír stórir grafarhaugar frá Merovingatímanum og að öðru leyti eru skráðir 800 grafir í sveitarfélaginu. Bertnum var höfðingjasetur í Namdalen undir Ynglingeættinni. Húsgrunnar hafa fundist nálægt Bertnemshaugene, elstu þessara langhúsa sem eru 40 × 8 m frá 150–200 árum e.Kr. Á Ranemsléttu er haugur sem heitir Tinghaugen. Það bendir til þess að hér hafi verið haldið þing.
Bæir í Þrændalögum

Ranemsletta


Plaketa (francuski izgovor: [plakɛt], mala ploča) je mali plitki reljef od bronce ili drugih materijala. Bile su popularne u talijanskoj renesansi i kasnije. One mogu biti komemorativne, ali osobito u razdoblju renesanse i manirizma često su rađene u čisto dekorativne svrhe, s često prenapučenim scenama iz vjerskih, povijesnih ili mitoloških izvora. Ukrašena je samo jedna strana, što daje glavnu točku razlikovanja u odnosu medalju, gdje su obje strane ukrašene figuralnim prikazima i (ili) tekstom. Većina je pravokutna ili kružna, ali se mogu naći i drugi oblici, kao u prikazanom primjeru. Tipične veličine kreću se od oko 5 cm do oko 15 cm po stranici. One "obično stanu na dlan".

Počeli su ih izrađivati 1440-ih u Italiji, ali se u sljedećem stoljeću izrada proširila  diljem Europe, posebno u Francusku, Njemačku i Nizozemsku. Otprilike 1550. godine u Italiji je izašla iz mode, ali francuske plakete ulaze u svoje najbolje razdoblje, a tamo i u Njemačkoj nastavile su biti popularne sve do 17. stoljeća. Forma se nastavila izrađivati u malom broju, uz nešto oživljavanja produkcije od oko 1850. Oduvijek su bile usko povezane s medaljom, a mnoge nagrade i danas su u obliku plaketa.

Dodatna literatura

 Studies in the History of Art, Vol. 22, Symposium Papers IX: Italian Plaquettes (1989)
 Zlamalik,V. Memorijal Ive Kerdića. Osijek—Zagreb 1980.

Primijenjene umjetnosti

Plaketa


Clyde Benson est un acteur américain du muet né le  à Marshalltown (Iowa) et mort le  dans le comté de San Joaquin (Californie).

Filmographie partielle
 1916 :  de Joseph De Grasse
 1917 :  de Hal Mohr et
 1917 :  de Joseph De Grasse
 1918 : ) d'Edmund Mortimer et Robert G. Vignola
 1918 : Un garçon parfait (More Trouble) d'Ernest C. Warde
 1918 :  (The Romance of Tarzan) de Wilfred Lucas
 1920 :  (Daredevil Jack) de W. S. Van Dyke
 1920 : La Vierge d'Istanbul (The Virgin of Stamboul) de Tod Browning
 1922 : The Primitive Lover de Sidney Franklin

Notes et références

Liens externes

Acteur américain du muet
Naissance en juillet 1881
Décès en octobre 1947
Décès dans le comté de San Joaquin
Naissance à Marshalltown
Décès à 66 ans

Clyde Benson


El término Ministerio de Estado puede referirse a:

 El Ministerio de Estado de Chile.
 El Ministerio de Estado de España.

Ministerio de Estado


Le nom Mounds peut désigner :

Patronyme

 Maxi Mounds, de son vrai nom Jenna Curlington, née en 1964, modèle, strip-teaseuse et actrice pornographique américaine.

Toponyme

 Monument national des Effigy Mounds, monument national situé dans l'Iowa ;
 Mounds (Illinois), petite ville du comté de Pulaski dans l'Illinois ;
 Parc d'État des Mounds, parc d'État situé dans le centre de l'Indiana ;
 Mounds, ville située en Oklahoma ;
 Spiro Mounds, un des sites archéologiques précolombiens les plus importants des États-Unis ;
 Wickliffe Mounds, site archéologique situé dans l'État du Kentucky.

Mounds


As montanhas Canucu são um grupo de montanhas, localizadas na região de Alto Tacutu Alto Essequibo . O nome significa 'floresta' na língua uapixana, uma referência à rica diversidade da fauna ali encontrada. As montanhas orientais de Canucu e as montanhas ocidentais de Canucu são separadas pelo rio Rupununi . Em 2011, as montanhas foram designadas Área Nacional Protegida .

História
As montanhas fazem parte da questão litigiosa do Pirara, fazendo parte do território Brasileiro até o início do século XX.

As florestas de planície sustentam 53% de todas as espécies de aves conhecidas na Guiana Essequiba e cerca de 70% de todos os mamíferos encontrados na Guiana Essequiba vivem nas montanhas Canucu. Espécies proeminentes incluem a ariranha, o gavião-real e o pirarucu . O pico mais alto das montanhas Canucu atinge 1 067 metros, enquanto a área de savana varia entre 120 e 150 metros.

Em 2010, a preocupação com o destino da vida selvagem das montanhas Canucu aumentou com a conclusão da ponte do rio Tacutu e o sistema viário correspondente ligando a costa da Guiana ao interior e à fronteira brasileira. A estrada passa perto do Canucus e é uma fonte potencial de exploração insustentável de recursos.

Em 2011, a área principalmente desabitada foi protegida e designada Área Nacional Protegida.  Ele está sendo mantido pelo Projeto Montanhas Canucu. A área de conservação mede    .  A área ao redor da serra é habitada pelos povos Macuxis e uapixana em 21 comunidades que utilizam os recursos da serra para sua subsistência.

Veja também

 Rupununi

Bibliografia

Parques nacionais de Guiana

Montanhas Canucu


Otatea, called weeping bamboo, is a genus of clumping bamboos in the grass family, native to Mexico, Central America, and Colombia.

The name derives from the Nahuatl (Aztec) word "otatl", meaning "bamboo".

Species
 Otatea acuminata (Munro) C.E.Calderón ex Soderstr. – widespread from Chihuahua to Oaxaca
 Otatea carrilloi Ruiz-Sanchez, Sosa & Mejía-Saulés – Chiapas
 Otatea fimbriata Soderstr. – widespread from Norte de Santander to Chiapas
 Otatea glauca L.G.Clark & G.Cortés – Chiapas
 Otatea ramirezii Ruiz-Sanchez – Querétaro
 Otatea reynosoana Ruiz-Sanchez & L.G.Clark – Guerrero, Jalisco, Nayarit
 Otatea rzedowskiorum Ruiz-Sanchez – Chiapas
 Otatea transvolcanica Ruiz-Sanchez & L.G.Clark – México State, Jalisco, Colima
 Otatea victoriae Ruiz-Sanchez – Hidalgo
 Otatea ximenae Ruiz-Sanchez & L.G.Clark – Oaxaca, Michoacán

References

Bambusoideae
Grasses of North America
Bambusoideae genera

Otatea


An Epistephium lamprophyllum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Epistephium lamprophyllum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Epistephium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Ecuador. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Epistephium

Epistephium lamprophyllum


Radostyán é um município da Hungria, situado no condado de Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén. Tem  de área e sua população em 2015 foi estimada em 601 habitantes.

Localidades de Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén

Radostyán


O rochie mulată este o rochie care se pliază pe corp, fiind o ținută preferată în special de modele și vedete în anii 90'.

Exemple de rochii mulate se pot găsi încă din anii '60, începând de la Paco Rabanne, care a creat o rochie mulată din metal și plastic, o rochie strâmta pe corp și mai puțin confortabilă decât variantele moderne de rochii mulate.

În 1980 a avut loc prima prezentare a unei colecții de rochii mulate a designerului Azzedine Alaia.

Chiar dacă nu a fost creatorul inițial al acestui stil de rochie,  este cel care a popularizat acest tip de rochie, creații de-ale sale fiind purtate de multe din starurile și modelele anilor '90.

Note

Rochii

Rochie mulată


Mátételke (em : Matević) é um município da Hungria, situado no condado de Bács-Kiskun. Tem  de área e sua população em 2015 foi estimada em 483 habitantes.

Localidades de Bács-Kiskun

Mátételke


Archie Franklin Williams (May 1, 1915 – June 24, 1993) was an American U.S. Air Force officer, athlete, and teacher. He was the winner of the 400 meter run at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

Biography

Archie Williams was born in Oakland, California, to a family that was active in promoting Black civil rights. He attended University High School in Oakland, then San Mateo Junior College (now College of San Mateo). His coach, Dr. Oliver Byrd, was instrumental in preparing him for future achievements. Soon Williams transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, to become a mechanical engineer and he continued to run track.

Until 1936, Williams had never broken 49 seconds for the 440 yd (402 m). During 1936, however, Williams kept lowering his times and reached his peak at the NCAA championships, setting a world record in 400m of 46.1. His time was set in the preliminaries, and he also prevailed in the final for a 47.0 victory. He followed that up with a first in the Olympic Trials, then went to Berlin and won the Olympic gold medal in the 400m.  When asked about the infamous incident in which Adolf Hitler reportedly refused to shake the hand of black fellow gold medalist Jesse Owens, Williams replied, "Hitler wouldn't shake my hand either." In 2016, the 1936 Olympic journey of the eighteen Black American athletes, including Williams, was documented in the film Olympic Pride, American Prejudice.

After graduating from UC Berkeley with a degree in mechanical engineering, Williams was in the first Civilian Pilot Training class in 1939 at Oakland, California. After earning his private pilot's license, he earned his instructor rating and was later a civilian instructor at Tuskegee. Entering the service in late 1942, he was one of only 14 African-Americans who were commissioned during World War II in the aviation meteorological cadet program; he graduated from the UCLA program on 6 September 1943. By September 1944, he was in the first Service Pilot training class at Tuskegee and, after graduation, instructed flight cadets in instrument flying as well as teaching meteorology. After the war, he earned qualification as a line pilot and then attended the Air Force Institute of Technology in 1948–1950 earning a B.S. in engineering sciences; he and fellow Tuskegee meteorologist Milton Hopkins were the 3rd and 4th black AF officers to attend this prestigious program. Williams remained a weather officer and rated pilot his entire career, earning his command pilot rating and commanding several weather detachments before retirement from the air force in 1964.

A serious leg injury at a meet in Sweden in 1936 ended his running career, but he became a commercial pilot. During World War II, which Williams once whimsically referred to as his "return to the Olympics—in the Pacific," Williams was a pilot in the U.S. Air Force and retired from the military 22 years later as a lieutenant colonel. A flight instructor while in the air force, Williams remained in education following his military retirement and taught mathematics and computers in California high schools. Archie Williams was a teacher for 21 years until his retirement at age 72 in Sir Francis Drake High School in San Anselmo. He was noted for his love for teaching and helping students, including future author Konrad Dryden. Sir Francis Drake High School was renamed Archie Williams High School in 2021, after the George Floyd protests spurred a worldwide reexamination of place names and monuments connected to racism.

Williams was a member of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. He died in Fairfax, California aged 78.

Quotation:
"When I came home, somebody asked me, 'How did those dirty Nazis treat you?' I replied that I didn't see any dirty Nazis, just a lot of nice German people. And I didn't have to ride in the back of the bus over there."

References

External links

The Joy of Flying: Olympic Gold, Air Force Colonel, and Teacher – Archie F. Williams

1915 births
1993 deaths
American male sprinters
California Golden Bears men's track and field athletes
World record setters in athletics (track and field)
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in track and field
Athletes (track and field) at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Track and field athletes from Oakland, California
Tuskegee Airmen
African-American schoolteachers
Schoolteachers from California
Air Force Institute of Technology alumni
Commercial aviators
20th-century American educators
United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
United States Air Force colonels

Archie Williams