The Sweet (often shortened to just Sweet) are a British glam rock band who rose to prominence in the 1970s. Their best-known line-up consisted of lead vocalist Brian Connolly, bassist Steve Priest, guitarist Andy Scott and drummer Mick Tucker. The group were originally called The Sweetshop.

The band were formed in London in 1968 and achieved their first hit, "Funny Funny", in 1971 after teaming up with songwriters Nicky Chinn and Mike Chapman and record producer Phil Wainman. During 1971 and 1972, their musical style followed a marked progression from the Archies-like bubblegum style of "Funny Funny" to a Who-influenced hard rock style supplemented by a striking use of high-pitched backing vocals.

The band first achieved success in the UK chart, with thirteen Top 20 hits during the 1970s alone, with "Block Buster!" (1973) topping the chart, followed by three consecutive number two hits in "Hell Raiser" (1973), "The Ballroom Blitz" (1973) and "Teenage Rampage" (1974). The band turned to a more hard rock style with their mid-career singles, like 1974's "Turn It Down". "Fox on the Run" (1975) also reached number two on the UK chart. These results were topped in West Germany and other countries on the European mainland. They also achieved success and popularity in the US with the top ten hits "Little Willy", "The Ballroom Blitz", "Fox on the Run", and "Love is Like Oxygen".

The Sweet had their last international success in 1978 with "Love Is Like Oxygen". Connolly left the group in 1979 to start a solo career and the remaining members continued as a trio until disbanding in 1981. From the mid-1980s, Scott, Connolly and Priest each played with their own versions of Sweet at different times. Connolly died in 1997, Tucker in 2002 and Priest in 2020. Andy Scott is still active with his version of the band. Sweet have sold over 35 million albums worldwide.

History

Origins
The Sweet's origins can be traced back to British soul band Wainwright's Gentlemen. Mark Lay's history of that band states they formed around 1962 and were initially known as Unit 4. Founding members included Chris Wright (vocals), Jan Frewer (bass), and Jim Searle and Alfred Fripp on guitars. Phil Kenton joined on drums as the band changed its name to Wainwright's Gentlemen (due to there being another band known as Unit 4). Managed by Frewer's father, the band performed in the Hayes, Harrow and Wembley area. By 1964 the group was also playing in London, including at the Saint Germain Club on Poland Street.

In January 1964 the band came fifth in a national beat group contest, with finals held at the Lyceum Strand on 4 May 1964. Highlights of the show were presented on BBC1 by Alan Freeman. Chris Wright left the line-up in late 1964 and was replaced by Ian Gillan. Additionally, a female vocalist named Ann Cully also joined the band. Mick Tucker, from Kingsbury, joined on drums replacing Phil Kenton. The band recorded a number of tracks including a cover of the Coasters-Hollies hit "Ain't That Just Like Me", which was probably recorded at Jackson Sound Studios in Rickmansworth. The track includes Gillan on vocals, Tucker on drums and, according to band bassist Jan Frewer, is thought to have been recorded in 1965. Gillan quit in May 1965 to join Episode Six, and later, Deep Purple. Cully remained as vocalist before departing some time later. Gillan's and Cully's eventual replacement, in late 1966, was Scots-born vocalist Brian Connolly, who hailed more recently from Harefield. Tony Hall had joined on saxophone and vocals and when Fripp left he was replaced by Gordon Fairminer. Fairminer's position was eventually assumed by Frank Torpey (born Frank Edward Torpey, 30 April 1945, Kilburn, North West London) - a schoolfriend of Tucker's who had just left West London group The Tribe (aka The Dream). Torpey only lasted a few months, and in late 1967 Robin Box (born 19 June 1944) took his place. Searle, regarded by many as the most talented musically, disappeared from the scene. Tucker and Connolly remained with Wainwright's Gentlemen until January 1968, when Tucker was dismissed. Tucker was replaced by Roger Hills. When the Gentlemen eventually broke up, Hills and Box joined White Plains who eventually scored a big hit with "My Baby Loves Lovin'".

Early years
In January 1968, Connolly and Tucker formed a new band, calling themselves The Sweetshop. They recruited bass guitarist and vocalist Steve Priest from a local band called The Army. Priest had previously played with mid-'60s band the Countdowns who had been produced and recorded by Joe Meek. Frank Torpey was again recruited to play guitar. The quartet made its public debut at the Pavilion in Hemel Hempstead on 9 March 1968 and they gradually developed a following. They were managed by Paul Nicholas, who later went on to star in Hair. Nicholas worked with record producer Phil Wainman at Mellin Music Publishing who was sufficiently impressed to record them. This led to a contract with Fontana Records. Just weeks before their debut release an unrelated artist released a single under the name Sweetshop, so the band abbreviated their moniker to Sweet. "Slow Motion" (July 1968), produced by Wainman, failed to chart. Owing to its rarity, the record now sells for several hundred pounds when auctioned.  Sweet were released from the recording contract and Frank Torpey left after a further year of fruitless toil. In his autobiography Are You Ready Steve, Priest said that Gordon Fairminer was approached to play for them when Torpey decided to leave Sweet after a gig at Playhouse Theatre, Walton-on-Thames, on 5 July 1969 but turned the job down as he wanted to concentrate on other interests.

New line-up and new record deal
Guitarist Mick Stewart joined in 1969. Stewart had some rock pedigree, having previously worked with The (Ealing) Redcaps and Simon Scott & The All-Nite Workers in the mid-1960s. In late 1965, that band became The Phil Wainman Set when the future Sweet producer joined on drums and the group cut some singles with Errol Dixon. In early 1966, Stewart left and later worked with Johnny Kidd & The Pirates.

Sweet signed a new record contract with EMI's Parlophone label. Three bubblegum pop singles were released: "Lollipop Man" (September 1969), "All You'll Ever Get from Me" (January 1970), and a cover version of the Archies' "Get on the Line" (June 1970), all of which failed to chart. Stewart then quit, and was not replaced for some time. Connolly and Tucker had a chance meeting with Wainman, who was now producing, and knew of two aspiring songwriters, Nicky Chinn and Mike Chapman, who were looking for a group to sing some demos they had written. Connolly, Priest, and Tucker provided the vocals on a track called "Funny Funny" which featured Pip Williams on guitar, John Roberts on bass, and Wainman on drums. The latter began offering the track to various recording companies. The band held auditions for a replacement guitarist and settled on Welsh-born Andy Scott. He had most recently been playing with Mike McCartney (brother of Paul) in the Scaffold. As a member of the Elastic Band, he had played guitar on two singles for Decca, "Think of You Baby" and "Do Unto Others". He also appeared on the band's lone album release, Expansions on Life, and on some recordings by the Scaffold. The band rehearsed for a number of weeks before Scott made his live debut with Sweet on 26 September 1970 at the Windsor Ballroom in Redcar.

Sweet initially attempted to combine diverse musical influences, including the Monkees and 1960s bubblegum pop groups such as the Archies, with more heavy rock-oriented groups such as the Who. Sweet adopted the rich vocal harmony style of the Hollies, with distorted guitars and a heavy rhythm section. This fusion of pop and hard rock would remain a central trademark of Sweet's music and prefigured the glam metal of a few years later.

Sweet's initial album appearance was on the budget label Music for Pleasure as part of a compilation called Gimme Dat Ding, released in December 1970. Sweet had one side of the record; the Pipkins (whose sole hit, "Gimme Dat Ding", gave the LP its name) had the other. Sweet's contribution consisted of the A- and B-sides of the band's three Parlophone singles. Andy Scott appears in the album cover shot, even though he did not play on any of the recordings.

First album
Sweet made their UK television debut in December 1970 on a pop show called Lift Off, performing the song "Funny Funny". A management deal was signed with the aforementioned songwriting team of Nicky Chinn and Mike Chapman. Phil Wainman resumed his collaboration with Sweet, as executive producer. This management deal also included a worldwide record contract with RCA Records, the US excepted: in the United States and Canada Bell Records issued the group's music until late 1973, followed by Capitol Records.

In March 1971 RCA issued "Funny Funny", written by Chinn and Chapman, which became the group's first international hit, climbing to the Top 20 on many of the world's charts. EMI reissued their 1970 single "All You'll Ever Get from Me" (May 1971) and it again failed to chart. Their next RCA release "Co-Co" (June 1971) went to number two in the UK and their follow up single, "Alexander Graham Bell" (October 1971), only went to No. 33. These tracks still featured session musicians on the instruments with the quartet providing only the vocals.

Sweet's first full LP album, Funny How Sweet Co-Co Can Be, was released in November 1971. It contained a collection of the band's recent singles, supplemented by some new Chinn/Chapman tunes (including "Chop Chop" and "Tom Tom Turnaround") and pop covers (such as the Lovin' Spoonful's "Daydream" and the Supremes' "Reflections"). The album, recorded at Nova Studios in London, was produced by Phil Wainman and engineered by Richard Dodd and Eric Holland. It was not a serious contender on the chart.

Initial success and rise to fame
February 1972 saw the release of "Poppa Joe", which reached number 1 in Finland and peaked at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart. The next two singles of that year, "Little Willy" and "Wig-Wam Bam", both reached No. 4 in the UK. "Little Willy" peaked at No. 3 on the US Billboard Hot 100 after a re-issue in 1973, thus becoming the group's biggest American hit. Although "Wig-Wam Bam" remained largely true to the style of Sweet's previous recordings, the vocals and guitars had a harder, more rock-oriented sound, largely because it was the first Chinn-Chapman single on which only members of Sweet played the instruments. In January 1973 "Block Buster!" became Sweet's first single to reach number 1 on the UK chart, remaining there for five consecutive weeks. After their next single "Hell Raiser" was released in May and reached number 2 in the UK, Sweet's US label, Bell, released the group's first American album The Sweet in July 1973.

To promote their singles, Sweet made numerous appearances on UK and European TV shows such as Top of the Pops and Supersonic. In one performance of "Block Buster!" on Top of the Pops Christmas edition, Priest aroused complaints after he appeared replete in a German military uniform, Hitler moustache and displaying a swastika armband. The band also capitalised on the glam rock explosion, rivalling Gary Glitter, T. Rex, Queen, Slade, and Wizzard for outrageous stage clothing.

Despite Sweet's success, the relationship with their management was becoming increasingly tense. While they had developed a large fan-base among teenagers, Sweet were not happy with their 'bubblegum' image. Sweet had always composed their own heavy-rock songs on the B-sides of their singles to contrast with the bubblegum A-sides which were composed by Chinn and Chapman. During this time, Sweet's live performances consisted of B-sides, album tracks, and various medleys of rock and roll classics; they avoided older novelty hits like "Funny Funny" and "Poppa Joe". A 1973 performance at the Palace Theatre and Grand Hall in Kilmarnock ended in Sweet being bottled off stage; the disorder was attributed by some (including Steve Priest) to Sweet's lipstick and eye-shadow look, and by others to the audience being unfamiliar with the concert set (the 1999 CD release Live at the Rainbow 1973 documents a live show from this period). The incident would be immortalised in the hit "The Ballroom Blitz" (September 1973). In the meantime, Sweet's chart success continued, showing particular strength in the UK, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Australia. By the end of 1973, the band's name evolved from "The Sweet" to "Sweet". The change would be reflected in all of their releases from 1974 onward.

Forming a new image
From mid 1973 to early 1974, Sweet were growing increasingly tired of the management team of Chinn and Chapman, who had written the group's major hits and who had cultivated the band's glam rock image, with Sweet rejecting the song Dyna-mite, which instead went on to become a hit for Mud that reached number 4 in the UK singles chart in November 1973. Sweet, and their producer Phil Wainman, assisted by engineer Peter Coleman, recorded the album Sweet Fanny Adams, which was released in April 1974. Sweet's technical proficiency was demonstrated for the first time on self-penned hard rock tracks such as "Sweet F.A." and "Set Me Free". Sweet also adopted a more conventional hard rock sound and appearance. Sweet Fanny Adams also featured compressed high-pitched backing vocal harmonies, which was a trend that continued on all of Sweet's albums.

During sessions for the album, Brian Connolly was injured in a fight in Staines High Street. His throat was badly injured and his ability to sing severely limited. Priest and Scott filled in on lead vocals on some tracks ("No You Don't", "Into The Night" and "Restless") and Connolly, under treatment from a Harley Street specialist, managed to complete the album. The band did not publicise the incident and told the press that subsequent cancelled shows were due to Connolly having a throat infection. This incident reportedly permanently compromised Connolly's singing ability, with his range diminished.

No previous singles appeared on the album, and none were released, except in Japan, New Zealand and Australia, where "Peppermint Twist/Rebel Rouser", apparently released by their record company without their knowledge, gained a No. 1 chart position in the latter. Sweet Fanny Adams would be Sweet's only non-compilation release to break the UK Albums Chart Top 40.

Sweet were invited by Pete Townshend to support the Who, who were playing at Charlton Athletic's football ground, The Valley in June 1974. However, Connolly's badly bruised throat kept them from fulfilling the role. Sweet had frequently cited the Who as being one of their main influences and played a medley of their tracks in their live set for many years.

Desolation Boulevard
Their third album, Desolation Boulevard, was released later in 1974, six months after Sweet Fanny Adams. By that stage, producer Phil Wainman had moved on and the album was produced by Mike Chapman. It was recorded in a mere six days and featured a rawer "live" sound. One track, "The Man with the Golden Arm", written by Elmer Bernstein and Sylvia Fine for the 1955 Frank Sinatra movie of the same name, featured drummer Mick Tucker performing an 8 and half minute solo (although this was not included in the US release). This had been a staple of the band's live performance for years. The first single from the LP, the heavy-melodic "The Six Teens" (July 1974), was a Top 10 hit in the UK and still part of the amazing unbroken string of No. 1's in Denmark. However, the subsequent single release, "Turn It Down" (November 1974), reached only No. 41 on the UK chart and No. 2 in Denmark. "Turn It Down" received minimal airplay on UK radio and was banned by some radio stations because of certain lyrical content - "God-awful sound" and "For God sakes, turn it down" - which were deemed "unsuitable for family listening." The band resumed playing live shows nearly a full six months after Connolly's throat injury, with band and critics noting a rougher edge to his voice and a reduced range. The album also featured a group composition, "Fox On The Run", which was to be re-recorded months later.

The US version of Desolation Boulevard was different from the UK version and included several songs from Sweet Fanny Adams in addition to the "Ballroom Blitz" and "Fox on the Run" singles (both of which peaked at No. 5 in the US). Side One of the album contained all Chapman-Chinn penned songs, while Side Two featured songs written and produced by Sweet.

Writing and producing their own material
In 1975 Sweet went back into the studio to re-arrange and record a more pop-oriented version of the track "Fox on the Run". Sweet's first self-written and produced single, "Fox on the Run" was released worldwide in March 1975 and became their biggest selling hit, reaching number one in Australia, Germany, Denmark, and South Africa, number two in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, and the Netherlands, and number three in Austria and Switzerland. In Australia, it not only made it to the top of the chart, it also became the biggest selling single of that year. The song reached number two in Canada and number five in the US. The release of this track marked the end of the formal Chinn-Chapman working relationship and the band stressed it was now fully self-sufficient as writers and producers.

The following single release, a hard rock track called "Action" (July 1975), peaked at number 15 in the UK. Now confident in their own songwriting and production abilities, Sweet spent the latter half of 1975 in Musicland Studios in Munich, Germany, where they recorded the Give Us a Wink album with German sound engineer Reinhold Mack, who later recorded with Electric Light Orchestra and co-produced Queen. The new album release was deferred until 1976 so as not to stifle the chart success Desolation Boulevard was enjoying, peaking at number 25 in the US and number 5 in Canada.

With Give Us a Wink being held over, RCA issued a double album in Europe, Strung Up, in November. It contained one live disc, recorded in London in December 1973, and one disc compiling previously released singles (plus an unused track by Chinn and Chapman – "I Wanna Be Committed"). At the end of the year, Andy Scott released his first solo single, "Lady Starlight" b/w "Where D'Ya Go". Tucker played drums on both tracks.

Decline in popularity
January 1976 saw the release of the single "The Lies In Your Eyes", which made the Top 10 in Germany, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Australia, but only reached No. 35 on the UK chart. Sweet's first album to be fully produced and written by themselves, Give Us a Wink, was released in March 1976. A third single from the album, "4th of July", was issued in Australia. All of this highlighted the band's image change from glam to a tougher jeans and leather look. Their aural development from pop-rock to much harder rock was evident on the album . This could be the reason they witnessed an alarming decrease in popularity.

Sweet were striving to build on their growing popularity in America, with fifty headline concert dates commencing in January 1976. Even though Give Us a Wink was released during the tour, the band's hard rock set bizarrely drew largely on the now dated 'Desolation Boulevard' plus the new US hit single "Action".

During an appearance at Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in California on 24 March, Sweet played "All Right Now" with Ritchie Blackmore as a tribute to mark the death of Free guitarist Paul Kossoff, who was to have supported Sweet with his band Back Street Crawler. The US tour was not financially successful, with small audiences at many venues leading to the final half-dozen or so dates to be cancelled. Following the end of the  tour, the band went on to Scandinavia and Germany. The band also spent a week at the Who's Ramport Studios in Battersea demoing material for a new album before abandoning the project and playing eight dates in Japan. By the end of the Japanese shows Connolly's extremely hoarse singing voice was manifest evidence of the demands of constant touring and the enduring after-effects of his 1974 assault.

Between October 1976 and January 1977, Sweet wrote and recorded new material at Kingsway Recorders and Audio International London studios for their next album. An advance single from the album, "Lost Angels", was only a hit in Germany, Austria and Sweden. A new album, Off the Record, was released in April. The next single from the album, "Fever of Love", represented the band's singles heading in a somewhat more Europop style with the bulk of the album continuing in a polished hard rock style. "Fever of Love" dented the charts in Germany, Austria and Sweden, while reaching number 10 in South Africa. On this album, Sweet again worked with Give Us a Wink engineer Louis Austin, who would later engineer Def Leppard's On Through The Night 1980 début album. The band cancelled a US tour with emerging US rockers Aerosmith, did not play any live dates in support of the album and, in fact, did not play a single concert for the whole of 1977.

Level Headed and a change in style
Sweet left RCA in 1977 and signed a new deal with Polydor though it would not come into force until later in the year. Sweet's manager David Walker, from Handle Artists, negotiated the move which was reputed to be worth around £750,000. In the United States, Canada, and Japan, Capitol had issued Sweet's albums since 1974 and would continue to do so through to 1980.

The first Polydor album, Level Headed (January 1978), found Sweet experimenting by combining rock and classical sounds "a-la clavesin", an approach similar to Electric Light Orchestra's, and featured the single "Love Is Like Oxygen". Largely recorded during 1977 at Château d'Hérouville near Paris, France after a 30-day writing session at Clearwell Castle in the Forest Of Dean UK, the album represented a new musical direction, largely abandoning hard-rock for a more melodic pop style, interspersed with ballads accompanied by a 30-piece orchestra. The ballad, "Lettres D'Amour", featured a duet between Connolly and Stevie Lange (who would emerge as lead singer with the group Night in 1979).

With the addition of session and touring musicians keyboardist Gary Moberley and guitarist Nico Ramsden (Byzantium, Boys Don't Cry), Sweet undertook a short European and Scandinavian tour followed by a single British concert at London's Hammersmith Odeon on 24 February 1978. However, "Love Is Like Oxygen" (January 1978) was their last UK, US, and German Top 10 hit. Scott was nominated for an Ivor Novello Award for co-composing the song. One more single from the album, "California Nights" (May 1978), featuring Steve Priest as the lead vocalist, peaked at number 23 on the German chart.

Departure of Brian Connolly
Between March and May 1978 Sweet extensively toured the US, as a support act for Bob Seger and the Silver Bullet Band. The tour included a disastrous date in Birmingham, Alabama on 3 May, during which visiting Capitol Records executives in the audience saw Brian Connolly give a drunken and incoherent performance that terminated early in the set with his collapse on stage, leaving the rest of the group to play on without him. The band returned briefly to Britain before resuming the second leg of their US tour in late May supporting other acts, including Foghat and Alice Cooper. Concluding the US tour in early July 1978, Brian's alcoholism and estrangement from the group was steadily becoming a greater issue.

In late October, having spent further time at Clearwell Castle to write for their next album, Sweet arrived at The Town House studio in Shepherd's Bush, London to complete and record, Cut Above the Rest (April 1979). Due to tensions between various members attributed to Connolly's health and diminishing status with the group, his long-time friend and fellow founding member, Mick Tucker, was tasked to produce Connolly's vocals. It was felt Tucker would extract a better performance than Scott from Connolly. A number of tracks were recorded featuring Connolly. However, these efforts were deemed unsatisfactory and Brian left the band on 2 November 1978.

On 23 February 1979, Brian Connolly's departure from Sweet was formally announced by manager David Walker. Publicly, Connolly was said to be pursuing a solo career with an interest in recording country rock.

Three-member Sweet
Sweet continued as a trio with Priest assuming the lion's share of lead vocals, though Scott and Tucker were also active in that role. The first single release for the trio was "Call Me". Guest keyboard player Gary Moberley continued to augment the group on stage. Guitarist Ray McRiner joined their touring line-up in 1979, with a small tour with Journey in the eastern United States and Cheap Trick in Texas in the spring and summer of '79 to support Cut Above The Rest (which was released in April 1979). McRiner would also contribute the songs "Too Much Talking" and the single "Give The Lady Some Respect" to the next Sweet album, Waters Edge (August 1980), which was recorded in Canada. In the US, Waters Edge was titled Sweet VI. It featured the singles "Sixties Man" and "Give The Lady Some Respect". Tragedy befell Mick Tucker when his wife Pauline drowned in the bath at their home on 26 December 1979. The band withdrew from live work for all of 1980.

One more studio album, Identity Crisis, was recorded during 1980–81 but was only released in West Germany and Mexico. Sweet undertook a short tour of the UK and performed their last live show at Glasgow University on 20 March 1981. Steve Priest then returned to the United States, where he had been living since late 1979. When Polydor released Identity Crisis in October 1982, the original Sweet had been disbanded for almost a year.

Re-formed versions (1984–present)

Andy Scott's Sweet (1985–present)
Andy Scott and Mick Tucker organised their own version of Sweet with Paul Mario Day (ex-Iron Maiden, More, Wildfire) on lead vocals, Phil Lanzon (ex-Grand Prix) on keyboards and Mal McNulty on bass. The band performed at the Marquee Club in London in February 1986, with the shows recorded and gaining release a few years later, bolstered by four new studio tracks including a cover of the Motown standard "Reach Out I'll Be There". This line-up also toured Australian and New Zealand pubs and clubs for more than three months in 1985 and for a similar period again in 1986. Singer Paul Day ended up marrying the band's Australian tour guide and relocating down under. He continued with Sweet commuting back and forth to Europe for the group's tours until this proved to be too cumbersome. He departed in late 1988. As McNulty moved into the front man spot, Jeff Brown came in to take over bass early in 1989. Lanzon too went back and forth between Sweet and Uriah Heep during 1986-1988 before Heep's schedule grew too busy. Malcolm Pearson and then Ian Gibbons (who had played with The Kinks and The Records) both filled in for Lanzon until Steve Mann (Liar, Lionheart, McAuley Schenker Group) arrived in December 1989.

Tucker departed after a show in Lochau, Austria, on 5 May 1991. He later was diagnosed with a rare form of leukaemia. Three drummers, Andy Hoyler, Bobby Andersen and Bruce Bisland (Weapon, Wildfire, Praying Mantis), provided short-term relief before Bodo Schopf (McAuley Schenker Group) took over. They recorded an album during this period, simply titled A. Before the band embarked on the supporting tour for A  in 1992, Bodo left and Bisland returned as permanent percussionist. Scott changed the band's name to 'Andy Scott's Sweet' after Tucker's departure but truncated it to simply 'The Sweet' once again after Tucker's death in 2002.

Mal McNulty, now lead vocalist, departed in 1994, though he would return briefly that year to fill in for Jeff Brown on bass (as he would again in 1995 as lead singer for a few dates while Rocky Newton subbed on bass). Sweet's former keyboard men Gary Moberley and Ian Gibbons also did fill-in jaunts with the group that year, as did Chris Goulstone. Chad Brown (ex-Lionheart; no relation to Jeff) was the new front man. Glitz Blitz and Hitz, a new studio album of re-recorded Sweet hits, was released during this period.

In 1996 Mann left to take a job in television and Gibbons came back for a short time before Steve Grant (ex-The Animals) became the permanent keyboardist. When Chad Brown quit in 1998 after developing a throat infection, Jeff Brown assumed lead vocals and bass duties. After this, the band was stable again for the next five years.

The mid-2000s would bring further confusing shake-ups and rotations. Tony O'Hora (ex-Onslaught, Praying Mantis) replaced Brown as lead vocalist in 2003. Ian Gibbons came back for a third stint as fill-in keyboardist in June 2005 for a gig in the Faroe Islands. O'Hora decided to split to take a teaching job in late 2005. Grant then jumped from keyboards to lead vocals and bass as Phil Lanzon returned on keyboards for a tour of Russia and Germany in October/November. New singer Mark Thompson Smith (ex-Praying Mantis) joined in November 2005 for some Swedish gigs, while Jo Burt (ex-Black Sabbath) was temporary bass player. Tony Mills (ex-Shy) was slated to be Sweet's new singer in early 2006 but failed to work out and left after six shows in Denmark. At this point, O'Hora came back as fill in front man and then Grant did another turn himself as the singer/bassist (Steve Mann depped on keyboards) until the group finally landed a new permanent front man when Peter Lincoln (ex-Sailor) arrived in July 2006. The line-up then consisted of Scott, Bisland, Grant and Lincoln.

Scott produced the Suzi Quatro album Back to the Drive, released in February 2006. March 2006 saw the US release of his band's album Sweetlife.

In 2007 the group played in Germany, Belgium, Austria and Italy. In May of that year, the band played in Porto Alegre and Curitiba, Brazil, their first and only South American shows. The tour was called the 'Sweet Fanny Adams Tour'.

The band toured again in March 2008 under the name 'Sweet Fanny Adams Revisited Tour'. In May and June, Scott's Sweet were part of the "Glitz Blitz & 70s Hitz" tour of the UK alongside The Rubettes and Showaddywaddy.

In March and April 2010, Scott was absent from a couple of gigs due to ill health and Martin Mickels stood in. Scott revealed later that he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer and was treated at the Bristol Royal Infirmary. After a course of treatment and rest, he was back to full touring fitness. In 2010 the band played at venues in Europe and back at Bilston in October.

In March 2011 there was a short tour of Australia, Regal Theatre - Perth,  and Clipsal 500, Adelaide with the Doobie Brothers. Also in 2011, Tony O'Hora came back to the group, this time as keyboardist, after Grant departed.

In March 2012 the band released a new album New York Connection. Recorded in England, it comprised 11 cover versions, including the 2011 single "Join Together" and one revamped original recording; the 1972 B-side "New York Connection". All the covers either featured 'bits and pieces' of Sweet hits or other artist songs, such as a "new version of the Ramones Blitzkrieg Bop [which] shared space with samples from 'Ballroom Blitz,' and a take on Hello's New York Groove (made famous in the US by Ace Frehley) featured a sample from Jay-Z's Empire State Of Mind along with other Sweet references."

On the eve of their March 2012 "Join Together" tour of Australia, the band undertook an acoustic performance of three tracks, "New York Groove-Empire State of Mind", "Blockbuster" and "Peppermint Twist", in front of a live audience at ABC Radio Studios in East Perth. Shows in Perth, Adelaide, Hobart, Geelong, Melbourne and Sydney featured tracks from the new album for the first time.

Paul Manzi joined Sweet on their 2014 Australian tour, replacing Tony O'Hora who was absent for personal reasons. Manzi played guitar, keyboard and undertook lead vocals on "Set Me Free" and "AC-DC" as the band performed shows in regional centres, including outback Western Australia, Darwin and far-north Queensland, NSW and Victoria during February and March. The band, with O'Hora back in the ranks, returned to Australia in September 2014 as the headlining act for "Rock The Boat 4". This was a cruise aboard the ship Rhapsody of the Seas which departed Sydney and took in New Caledonia and Vanuatu. The band played two gigs and various members guested with Australian veteran performers including Brian Cadd and Russell Morris and members of AC/DC, The Angels, Rose Tattoo and Skyhooks.

In June 2015 it was revealed that the band were going on an extensive tour of the UK in late 2015 and that this tour would probably be their last.

For the 2015 summer tour dates, Paul Manzi returned to sub for Peter Lincoln who left this online message to the fans: "There have been a few rumours going around this weekend, so . . . just to say that I am alive and well! The short explanation for my absence is that I need to rest my voice for a few weeks. We are lucky that our good friend Paul Manzi is able to step in, and Tony knows the role of bass player/singer, so the shows can go ahead, and they will be great! I look forward to being back on stage very soon."

Pete Lincoln duly resumed his role in the band and they continued with extensive live dates, known as the "Finale" tour in Germany.

In 2017 after Andy undertook a successful Australian visit with Suzi Quatro and Don Powell in the side outfit known as QSP, Sweet was again booked for an extensive European tour. In the years following both Tony O'Hora and Pete Lincoln departed the band. Paul Manzi returned as permanent lead vocalist, quitting the popular outfit Cats in Space to do so. Lee Small joined as bassist and backing vocalist. Former guitarist and keyboard player Steve Mann joined for a handful of shows as a special guest. During the COVID-19 pandemic the band recorded a new album of old tracks entitled Isolation Boulevard. The band continues to tour extensively in the UK, Scandinavia and mainland Europe. An album of new material is anticipated some time in 2023. A single, 'Changes', featuring Andy Scott on lead vocals, was released on 30 June 2023.

New Sweet, Brian Connolly's Sweet (1984–1997)
In 1984 Brian Connolly formed a new version of the Sweet without any of the other original members. Despite recurring ill health, Connolly toured the UK and Europe with his band, "Brian Connolly's Sweet", which was then renamed to "New Sweet". His most successful concerts were in West Germany, before and after reunification.

During 1987, Connolly met up again with Frank Torpey. Torpey later explained in interviews Connolly was trying to get a German recording deal. The two got on very well and Torpey subsequently invited Connolly to go into the recording studio with him, as an informal project. After much trepidation, Connolly turned up and the track "Sharontina" was recorded. This recording would not be released until 1998, appearing on Frank Torpey's album Sweeter.

By July 1990, plans were made for Connolly and his band to tour Australia in November. During the long flight to Australia, Connolly's health had suffered and he was hospitalised in Adelaide Hospital, allegedly for dehydration and related problems. The rest of the band played a show in Adelaide without him. After being released from the hospital, Connolly joined the other band members in Melbourne for a gig at the Pier Hotel, in Frankston. After several other shows, including one at the Dingley Powerhouse, Connolly and his band played a final date at Melbourne's Greek Theatre. It was felt Connolly's health was sufficient reason for the tour not to be extended, and some of the planned dates were abandoned. Connolly went back to England and his band appeared on The Bob Downe Christmas show on 18 December 1990.

During the early 1990s, Connolly played the European "oldies" circuit and occasional outdoor festivals in Europe with his band. On 22 March 1992, a heavy duty tape recorder was stolen from the band's van whilst at a gig in the Bristol Hippodrome with Mud. It contained demos of four new songs, totalling about 20 mixes.

Legal problems were going on in the background over the use of the Sweet name between Connolly and Andy Scott. Both parties agreed to distinguish their group's names to help promoters and fans. The New Sweet went back to being called Brian Connolly's Sweet and Andy Scott's version became Andy Scott's Sweet.

In 1994, Connolly and his band played in Dubai. He appeared at the Galleria Theatre, Hyatt Regency. He also performed in Bahrain.

By this time Connolly had healed the differences with Steve Priest and Mick Tucker, and was invited to the wedding of Priest's eldest daughter, Lisa. At the private function, for which Priest specially flew back to England, Priest and Connolly performed together.

In 1995, Connolly released a new album entitled Let's Go. His partner Jean, whom he had met a few years earlier, gave birth to a son. Connolly also performed in Switzerland that year.

On 2 November 1996 British TV Network Channel 4 aired a programme Don't Leave Me This Way, which examined Connolly's time as a pop star with the Sweet, the subsequent decline in the band's popularity, and its impact on Connolly and the other band members. The show revealed Connolly's ill health but also that he was continuing with his concert dates at Butlins. Connolly and his band had appeared at Butlins a number of times on tour during the early 1990s.

Connolly's final concert was at the Bristol Hippodrome on 5 December 1996, with Slade II and John Rossall's Glitter Band Experience.

Steve Priest's Sweet (2008–2020)

In January 2008, Steve Priest assembled his own version of the Sweet in Los Angeles. He enlisted a guitarist Stuart Smith and L.A. native Richie Onori, Smith's bandmate in Heaven & Earth, was brought in on drums. The keyboard spot was manned by ex-Crow and World Classic Rockers alumni Stevie Stewart. Front-man and vocalist Joe Retta was brought in to round out the line-up.

After an initial appearance on L.A. rock station 95.5 KLOS's popular Mark & Brian radio programme, the "Are You Ready Steve?" tour kicked off at the Whisky a Go Go in Hollywood on 12 June 2008. The band spent the next several months playing festivals and gigs throughout the US and Canada, including Moondance Jam in Walker, Minnesota; headlining at the Rock N Resort Music Festival in North Lawrence, Ohio (near Canal Fulton); London, Ontario's Rock the Park; another headlining gig at Peterborough's Festival of Lights; the Common Ground Festival in Lansing, Michigan; and a benefit concert for victims of California's wildfires at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California.

In January 2009, the Sweet presented at the concert industry's Pollstar Awards, and also played a short set at the Nokia Theatre where the event was held, marking the first time in the ceremony's history that a band performed at the show. In addition to local gigs at the House of Blues on L.A.'s Sunset Strip and Universal CityWalk, 2009 saw the band return to Canada for sold-out shows at the Mae Wilson Theater and Casino Regina, as well as the Nakusp Music Fest and Rockin' the Fields of Minnedosa in Minnedosa, Manitoba. US festivals have included Minnesota's Halfway Jam, Rockin' the Rivers in Montana (with Pat Travers and Peter Frampton), and two late-summer shows at the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk.

The new band recorded a cover version of the Beatles' "Ticket to Ride", which was included on Cleopatra Records' Abbey Road, a Fab Four tribute CD that was released on 24 March 2009.

A preview of the band's new CD Live in America, which was recorded live at the Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa in Cabazon, California on 30 August 2008, was featured on KLOS's "Front Row" programme on 12 April 2009. The CD, which was first sold at shows and via the band's on-line store, was released worldwide in an exclusive deal with Amazon.com on 21 July 2009. The release has garnered favourable reviews from The Rock n Roll Report, Classic Rock Revisited and Hard Rock Haven, among others.

In April 2010, the band released its first single on iTunes: an updated, hard rock version of the Beatles' "I Saw Her Standing There."  Performances on the 2010 summer tour included the Wildflower! Arts and Music Festival in Richardson, Texas; Las Vegas, Nevada's Fremont Street Experience; Rock N' America in Oklahoma City, OK; Summer Jam in Des Moines, Iowa; Jack FM's Fifth Show at the Verizon Wireless Amphitheater in Los Angeles; an appearance at the Hard Rock Hotel in Biloxi, Mississippi; and the inaugural edition of the Thunder Mountain Rock Festival in Sawyer, North Dakota.

On 11 November 2010, it was announced that in May 2011 "Steve Priest's Sweet" had been booked to perform at a handful of European dates, but the gigs ultimately had to be cancelled in late January 2011 after it was learned that one of the promoters was a suspected swindler wanted by British law enforcement officials. As of February 2011, fans who purchased pre-sale tickets were still in the process of working through the administrative channels with PayPal and various banks and credit card issuers in order to try to reclaim their funds.

The band toured South America along with Journey during March 2011.

The band and their European fans then also got re-united quicker than thought, when the band got booked by a befriended female Belgian promoter. Two east German gigs, 27 and 28 May 2011, so in Borna and in Schwarzenberg Steve Priest's Sweet hit the European grounds. After more than 30 years, Steve Priest got a warm welcome back in Europe.

As of 12 August 2012, Stuart Smith resigned from the guitar post in order to dedicate more time to his "Heaven & Earth" project.

Beginning with the band's October 2012 appearance at the Festival Internacional Chihuahua in Mexico, Los Angeles-based guitarist Ricky Z. teamed up with Steve Priest and company for their live performances. In February 2013, this line-up returned to Casino Regina in Saskatchewan, Canada. Tour dates played in summer 2013 included Riverfest in Watertown, Wisconsin, the St. Clair, MI Riverfest, several additional dates in Canada, and a reprise of their appearances at both Moondance Jam in Walker, MN and Rockin' the Rivers in Three Forks, Montana. The band made some rare appearances on the US east coast in July 2013, including a performance with David Johansen of the New York Dolls at the Bergen Performing Arts Center in Englewood, New Jersey. Singer Joe Retta was unavailable for these dates due to a scheduling conflict, so Tribe of Gypsies frontman Chas West, who has played with Jason Bonham's band and has experience subbing in such well-known bands as Foreigner, Lynch Mob and Diamond Head, stepped in to man the microphone for a series of shows in New York, New Jersey and Maryland.

On 27 August 2014, Steve Priest announced on the band's Facebook page that guitarist Mitch Perry had been tapped for the guitar slot. Most recently on tour with Lita Ford, Mitch's other credentials included his work with Michael Schenker Group, Asia Featuring John Payne, Edgar Winter, Billy Sheehan and David Lee Roth His first live appearance with Sweet was at the Rock the River festival in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan on 23 August 2014.

22 December 2017 saw the launch of the 50th anniversary tour at the Whisky a Go Go on L.A.'s Sunset Strip and the introduction of new singer Paul Zablidowski AKA "Paulie Z" former lead singer and guitarist of ZO2, children's band "The Z Brothers" and star of IFC show Z-Rock. Recently known as the host for local show "Ultimate Jam Night." Z replaced Joe Retta, who had served as the frontman for the Los Angeles incarnation of Sweet since its formation in 2008. Priest died on 4 June 2020.

Brief reunions and the deaths of Connolly, Tucker and Priest
Steve Priest was asked to join Tucker and Scott for the 1985 Australian tour, but declined at the last moment.

Mike Chapman contacted Connolly, Priest, Scott, and Tucker in 1988, offering to finance a recording session in Los Angeles. As he remembers: "I met them at the airport and Andy and Mick came off the plane. I said, 'Where's Brian?' They said, 'Oh, he's coming.' All the people had come off the plane by now. Then this little old man hobbled towards us. He was shaking, and had a ghostly white face. I thought, 'Oh, Jesus Christ.' It was horrifying." Reworked studio versions of "Action" and "The Ballroom Blitz" were recorded, but it became clear that Connolly's voice and physical health had made Sweet's original member comeback too difficult to promote commercially. Consequently, the reunion attempt was aborted.

In 1990 this line-up was again reunited for the promotion of a music documentary entitled Sweet's Ballroom Blitz. This UK video release, which contained UK television performances from the 1970s and current-day interviews, was released at Tower Records, London. Sweet were interviewed by Power Hour, Super Channel, and spoke of a possible reunion.

Brian Connolly died at the age of 51 on 9 February 1997, from liver failure and repeated heart attacks, attributed to his abuse of alcohol in the 1970s and early 1980s. Mick Tucker died on 14 February 2002 from leukaemia, at the age of 54. On 4 June 2020 it was announced that Steve Priest had died. It left Andy Scott as the sole living member of Sweet's 'classic line-up'.

Later years
Two versions of The Sweet were active with original members: "Andy Scott's Sweet", who frequently tour across Europe as Sweet and makes occasional sojourns to other markets including regular visits to Australia, and "Steve Priest's Sweet" who toured the US and Canada.

On 28 April 2009, Shout! Factory released a two-disc, career-spanning greatest hits album called Action: The Sweet Anthology. It received a four-star (out of five) rating in Rolling Stone.

In an October 2012 appearance on Jimmy Kimmel Live, Axl Rose, lead singer of Guns N' Roses, referenced Sweet as one of his favourite bands growing up along with fellow British band Queen.

Personnel

Original band

Classic line-up
 Brian Connolly – lead and backing vocals (1968–1979; died 1997)
 Steve Priest – bass guitar, backing and lead vocals (1968–1982; died 2020)
 Mick Tucker – drums, backing and occasional lead vocals (1968–1982; died 2002)
 Andy Scott – guitar, backing and lead vocals (1970–1982)

Andy Scott's Sweet

Current members
 Andy Scott – guitar, backing vocals (1985–present)
 Bruce Bisland – drums, backing vocals (1992–present; substitute 1991)
 Paul Manzi – lead vocals (2019–present; substitute 2014, 2015), bass guitar (2015, 2019), keyboards, guitar, backing vocals (2014)
 Lee Small – bass guitar, backing vocals (2019–present)
 Tom Cory – keyboards, guitar, backing vocals (2019–present)

Discography

 Funny How Sweet Co-Co Can Be (1971)
 Sweet Fanny Adams (1974)
 Desolation Boulevard (1974)
 Give Us a Wink (1976)
 Off the Record (1977)
 Level Headed (1978)
 Cut Above the Rest (1979)
 Waters Edge (titled Sweet VI with a different cover in the US) (1980)
 Identity Crisis (1982)
 A (1992)
 The Answer (1995)
 Sweetlife (2002)
 New York Connection (2012)
 Isolation Boulevard (2020)

References

Bibliography

  (2008 eBook available at )

External links

  - from Channel 4

English boy bands
English hard rock musical groups
English glam rock groups
Musical groups established in 1968
Capitol Records artists
Polydor Records artists
RCA Records artists
1968 establishments in the United Kingdom
Musical groups disestablished in 1982
1982 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Musical groups reestablished in 1985
1985 establishments in the United Kingdom
Bubblegum pop groups

The Sweet


An Diuris laevis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Robert Desmond David Fitzgerald. An Diuris laevis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Diuris, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Diuris

Diuris laevis


Bektaşi Fıkraları, Bektaşi olarak bilinen tarikat/inanç grubu mensuplarıyla ilgili, halk arasında sıkça anlatılan fıkralar.

Özellikle Türk Edebiyatı içinde Bektaşi fıkralarının özel bir yeri vardır. Bektaşiler'in dine yaklaşımı "batıni" (sadece cümlenin doğrudan verdiği mana değil, bu sözcüklerin bir simge olarak kullanılması yoluyla, simgenin içinde saklı bulunan diğer anlamların da gündeme alınması batını özelliği meydana getirir) bakış açısıyla olduğu için dinin sadece dış yönünü görenler mizahi bir dille eleştirilmektedir. Bektaşi fıkraları asla kimsenin yüzünü kızartacak fıkralar değildir. İnce, hiciv içeren fıkralardır. Bektaşi fıkraları çoğu zaman yobazlıkla, bağnazlıkla, tutuculukla ilgili hicivler içerir. Fakat bunları incitmeden, kimseyi aşağılamadan, gerekirse kendisiyle dalga geçerek yapar. Ayrıca, Bektaşi fıkralarının temel özelliklerinden biri Bektaşi kimliğinin hazır cevaplığını yansıtmasıdır.

Bektaşi fıkraları, Türkiye'de ve Balkan ülkelerinde yaşayan Alevilerce ve Bektaşilerce de kabul görür.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Karadeniz fıkraları
 Nasreddin Hoca fıkraları

Kaynakça

Bektaşilik
Fıkra
Mizah
Folklor

Bektaşî fıkraları


Cascade ist eine Kleinstadt (mit dem Status "City") im Dubuque und im Jones County im Osten des US-amerikanischen Bundesstaates Iowa. Das U.S. Census Bureau hat bei der Volkszählung 2020 eine Einwohnerzahl von 2.386 ermittelt.

Geografie
Cascade liegt am nördlichen Maquoketa River (North Fork Maquoketa River), einem Nebenfluss des Mississippi, der die Grenze zu Illinois bildet.

Die Stadt liegt auf 42°17′55″ nördlicher Breite und 91°00′54″ westlicher Länge und erstreckt sich über 2,9 km². Nachbarorte sind Worthington (15,4 km nordwestlich), Farley (20,3 km nördlich), Epworth (22,6 km nordnordwestlich), Fillmore (9,1 km ostnordöstlich), Temple Hill (10,5 km südsüdöstlich) und Monticello (17 km südwestlich).

Die nächstgelegenen größeren Städte sind Dubuque (42,6 km nordöstlich an der Schnittstelle der Bundesstaaten Iowa, Illinois und Wisconsin), die Quad Cities (117 km südsüdöstlich), Cedar Rapids (74,3 km südwestlich) und Waterloo (128 km westlich).

Verkehr
Nordwestliche Umgehungsstraße von Cascade ist der zum Freeway ausgebaute U.S. Highway 151, der die kürzeste Verbindung von Dubuque nach Cedar Rapids bildet. Auf Höhe des Stadtzentrums kreuzt der Iowa Highway 136.

Die nächstgelegene Flugplätze sind der 37,1 km nordöstlich gelegene Dubuque Regional Airport und der 17,3 km südwestlich gelegene Monticello Regional Airport.

Söhne und Töchter
 Red Faber (1888–1976), Baseballspieler bei den Chicago White Sox
 Loras Thomas Lane (1910–1968), katholischer Bischof von Rockford
 Jeremie Miller (* 1975), Erfinder der XMPP/Jabber-Technologien

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Offizielle Website
 Handelskammer von Cascade
 www.city-data.com - Cascade, Iowa

Cascade (Iowa)


ධාන්‍ය

යනු වී,තිරිඟු, ඕට්ස් වැනි පෝෂණීය ආහාරය.

බොහෝ ජනතාව ධාන්‍ය වර්ග ආහාරයට ගන්නා අතර මුං,කව්පි වැනි ධාන්‍ය ද සෞඛ්‍ය සම්පන්න ජීවන රටාවකට වැදගත්ය.

ධාන්‍යවල වැදගත්කම

1)ආහාරයට තන්තු සැපයීම.

උදා: කුරක්කන්,නිවුඩු සහල්

2) ප්‍රෝටීන් සැපයීම.

උදා:සෝයා බෝංචි, පරිප්පු

3) කාබෝහයිඩ්‍රේට සැපයීම.

උදා:වී, තිරිඟු,

ධාන්‍ය


Fatma Aliye Topuz, com frequência chamada Fatma Aliye ou Fatma Aliye Hanım, (9 de outubro de 1862–13 de julho de 1936) foi uma romancista, colunista, ensaísta e ativista pelos direitos da mulher e o humanitarismo nascida em Istambul, Império Otomano. Ainda que não tenha sido primeira escritora turca a publicar um romance, pois já existia uma única obra prévia publicada por Zafer Hanım em 1877, Fatma Aliye com seus cinco romances é reconhecida nos círculos literários como a primeira romancista feminina da Literatura turca e o Mundo islâmico.

Naturais de Istambul
Feministas da Turquia
Escritores feministas
Escritoras da Turquia
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)

Fatma Aliye Topuz


An Microchloa indica in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné d.y., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Ambroise Marie François Joseph Palisot de Beauvois. An Microchloa indica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Microchloa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Microchloa

Microchloa indica


Black Hole (banda desenhada) — série de terror escrita e ilustrada por Charles Burns
Black Hole Recordings — editora discográfica neerlandesa
The Black Hole — filme de ficção científica de Gary Nelson estreado em 1979

Ver também
Buraco negro — ; corpo ou região astronómica

Black Hole


Der Jüdische Friedhof Storkow ist ein Baudenkmal der Stadt Storkow in Brandenburg. Er wurde vermutlich im 19. Jahrhundert angelegt und besteht aus knapp 90 Grabsteinen auf 750 Quadratmetern. Die Gräber sind in sieben Reihen angelegt und wurden auch für jüdische Einwohner aus dem Storkower Umland errichtet. Die dritte Reihe besteht aus dreizehn Kindergräbern. Der älteste Grabstein stammt von 1836, der jüngste von 1934.

Lage
Der jüdische Friedhof befindet sich in einem Waldgebiet an der Reichenwalder Straße. Der von einer Mauer umgebene Bereich liegt südöstlich des nur einige Meter entfernten Storkower Friedhofs.

Geschichte
Die jüdische Gemeinde in Storkow und Umgebung war Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts eher klein. Im Jahr 1801 lebten hier nur vier jüdische Familien mit insgesamt 17 Personen. Die größte Zahl an jüdischen Einwohnern wurde 1860 vermerkt. Zu dieser Zeit bestand die jüdische Gemeinde Storkow aus 82 Personen, danach verringerte sich die Zahl wieder.

Der älteste erkennbare Grabstein des Friedhofs wurde 1836 für den Kaufmann Lipmann Siemon errichtet. Der Grabstein des bedeutendsten Storkower Juden, Isaac Friedmann (geboren 1824) befindet sich in der zweiten Reihe. Friedmann war Buchbindermeister und Vorsteher der Synagogengemeinde Storkow. Bis zu seinem Tod 1900 hatte er außerdem das Amt eines Stadtverordneten inne.

Die beiden größten Grabsteine des Friedhofs wurden für Löb (30. Januar 1832 – 29. August 1908) und Ester Rosenberg (29. Mai 1836 – 24. Januar 1915) aufgestellt. Die letzte Beisetzung (Magarete Todtmann) fand im Januar 1934 auf dem Friedhof statt.

Nachdem 1942 die letzten jüdischen Bürger die Stadt verlassen mussten, verfiel der Friedhof und wurde erst 1988 wiederhergestellt. Im Jahr 2009 wurde das Friedhofstor von Unbekannten geschändet, aber zwischenzeitlich wieder instand gesetzt.

Heute ist der Friedhof einer von 60 noch erhaltenen jüdischen Friedhöfen in Brandenburg.

Weblinks

 Jüdischer Friedhof Storkow bei Alemannia Judaica

Einzelnachweise

Storkow
Baudenkmal in Storkow (Mark)
Storkow
Bauwerk in Storkow (Mark)
Storkow

Jüdischer Friedhof (Storkow)


Bölgesel entegrasyon, komşu ülkelerin ortak kurallar çerçevesinde bir araya gelmesidir. II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra Avrupa Birliği'nin başarısıyla diğer bölgelere de yayılmıştır. Bir bölgenin belli alanlarda sınırları kaldırması ile tüm bölgenin kalkınacağı/gelişeceği varsayımına dayanır.

Uluslararası ticaret
Adem-i merkeziyetçilik

Bölgesel entegrasyon


RoUm je projekt i zajednica romskih i neromskih umjetnika, zanatlija i dizajnera koja koristi otpad za prenamjenu u dizajnirane predmete (eng. Upcycling ili nadciklaža).

Kupovinom RoUm predmeta sufinancira se ROM HR - Romska omladinska organizacija Hrvatske, neprofitna organizacija osnovana 2014. godine s misijom promicanja obrazovnih, socijalnih i kulturnih aspekata mladih Roma.

Aktivnosti
U 2019. godini surađuju kao dio Clubture programa razmjene i suradnje u sklopu projekta Odbačeni s Udrugom za razvoj 'uradi-sam' kulture - Radiona.

Nagrade
Projekt RoUm Romske organizacije mladih Hrvatske proglašen je pobjednikom National Geographic Croatia Žutog okvira za održivi razvoj, znanost i obrazovanje za 2020. godinu pod kategorijom 10: Smanjenje nejednakosti.

U 2021. godini su ušli u drugi krug natjecanja za socijalno poduzetništvo.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Romi u Hrvatskoj
Projekti hrvatskih udruga
Nezavisna kultura u Hrvatskoj

RoUm


Rasmus Paludan (født 26. februar 1702 i Kristiania, død 8. januar 1759 i Kristiansand) var en norsk biskop. Han blev døbt den 1. april 1702.

Han deponerede fra Kristiania Skole i 1720, blev i 1730 tolvpræst her og var den sidste, som blev ordineret af Bartholomæus Deichman. Herfra blev han i 1740 kaldet til sognepræst i Stege og provst over Møen, hvor han satte sig et minde ved at skille kaldet ved præstegård, kapellangård, degnegård og endnu 4 andre huse. I 1743 blev han stiftsprovst i Kristiania, i 1749 konsistorialråd og den 3. december 1751 biskop i Kristiansand. Han har intet efterladt, udover sine hyrdebreve, af hvilke hans kirkelige karakter ikke let kan bestemmes, uden for så vidt han anbefaler Speners katekismusforklaring til studium for skolelærerne. Hyrdebrevene modsiger heller ikke Peder Herslebs stærke ytring om ham, at han var "en god, ærlig Mand, men overmaade ulærd".

Rasmus Paludan blev i 1743 gift med Johanne Fischer (død 1754), enke efter præst og stiftsprovst Niels Barfoed (død 1742 (eller 1739)).

Referencer og kilder

Biskopper fra Norge
Nordmænd i 1700-tallet
Personer fra Oslo

Rasmus Paludan (biskop)


Cette liste contient tous les joueurs de hockey sur glace ayant été repêchés par les Barons de Cleveland, ancienne franchise de la Ligue nationale de hockey. Les joueurs listés ci-dessus n'ont pas obligatoirement joué un match sous le maillot de l'équipe.

Elle regroupe les joueurs du Repêchage de 1976 organisé par la LNH en 1975-1976 et du Repêchage de 1977 organisé par la LNH en 1976-1977. La saison suivante, l'équipe fusionne avec les North Stars du Minnesota. Les joueurs sont classés par année de repêchage. Les deux premières colonnes donnent le rang et le tour duquel le joueur a été repêché suivis de son nom, de sa nationalité et de sa position de jeu.

Les repêchages amateurs

1976

1977

Notes et références

Barons de Cleveland (LNH)

Cleveland

Liste des choix de repêchages des Barons de Cleveland


An Elionurus lividus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Eduard Hackel. An Elionurus lividus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Elionurus, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Paraguay. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Elionurus

Elionurus lividus


Indo-Grčko Kraljevstvo bilo je helenističko kraljevstvo koje se protezalo od današnjega Afganistana, u klasičnim granicama Pandžaba na Indijskom potkontinentu (sjeverni Pakistan i sjeverozapadna Indija), tijekom posljednja dva stoljeća prije Krista. Kraljevstvom je vladalo više od trideset kraljeva, često u međusobnim sukobima.

Kraljevstvo je osnovano kada je grčko-baktrijski kralj Demetrije napao potkontinent početkom 2. stoljeća pr. Kr. Grci na Indijskomu potkontinentu na kraju su odvojeni od Grko-Baktrijaca okupljenih u Baktriji (danas granica između Afganistana i Uzbekistana), i Indo-Grka na današnjemu sjeverozapadnom Indijskom potkontinentu. Najpoznatiji indo-grčki vladar bio je Menander (Milinda). Imao je prijestolnicu u Sakali u Pandžabu (današnji Sialkot).

Izraz »Indo-Grčko Kraljevstvo« slobodno opisuje niz različitih dinastičkih država, tradicijski povezanih s brojnim područnim prijestolnicama, kao što su Taxila (moderni Pandžab (Pakistan), Pushkalavati i Sagala. Ostala možebitna središta samo su natuknuta; na primjer, Ptolomejeva "Geografija" i "Nomenklatura kasnijih kraljeva" predlažu stanovito mjesto Teofil na jugu utjecaja indo-grčke sfere kao moguće satrapsko ili kraljevsko sjedište u jednomu trenutku.

Tijekom dva stoljeća svoje vladavine, indo-grčki kraljevi izmjenjivali su grčke i indijske jezike i simbole, kao što se vidi na njihovim kovanicama, te miješali grčke i indijske ideje, kao što se vidi u arheološkim ostatcima. Širenje indo-grčke kulture imalo je posljedice koje se osjećaju i danas, posebice kroz utjecaj grčko-budističke umjetnosti. Etnička pripadnost Indo-Grka donekle je hibridna. Eutidem I. bio je, prema Polibiju, magnezijanski Grk. Njegov sin, Demetrije I., utemeljitelj Indo-Grčkog Kraljevstva, bio je grčkoga etničkog podrijetla barem preko svojega otca. Sklopljen je brak Demetrija i kćeri seleukidskoga vladara Antioha III. (koji je djelomično bio perzijskoga podrijetla). Etnička pripadnost kasnijih indo-grčkih vladara ponekad je manje jasna. Na primjer, smatralo se da je Artemidor (80. pr. Kr.) bio indoskitskoga podrijetla, iako je to sada osporeno.

Nakon Menanderove smrti, veći se dio njegova Kraljevstva raspao, a indo-grčki utjecaj znatno je smanjen. Mnoga nova kraljevstva i republike istočno od rijeke Ravi počela su kovati kovanice s prikazima vojnih pobjeda. Najistaknutiji entiteti koji su se utemeljili bili su: Republika Yaudeya, Arjunajanas i Audumbaras. U Mathuri su ubrzo uslijedile dinastije Datta i dinastija Mithra. Indo-Grci su na kraju nestali kao politički entitet oko 10. godine nakon invazije Indo-Skita, iako su enklave grčkoga stanovništva vjerojatno postojale nekoliko stoljeća pod kasnijom indo-partskom i kušanskom vlašću.

Izvori

Stara Grčka
Bivše monarhije
Povijest Indije
Povijest Pakistana
Povijest Afganistana

Indo-Grčko Kraljevstvo


O Prêmio Lila Ripoll de Poesia é um prêmio de literatura brasileiro, oferecido pela Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Sul (ALERGS) pelas melhores poesias submetidas ao concurso, desde a sua instituição em 5 de julho de 2004.

História
O Prêmio Lila Ripoll de Poesia foi criado pela Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (ALERGS) por iniciativa da então deputada estadual Jussara Cony, que apresentou o projeto de resolução em 2003, no contexto do Projeto "Mulheres Poetando" – coletânea de poemas escritos por servidoras da ALERS, visando homenagear a memória da poetisa gaúcha Lila Ripoll.

Esta premiação foi instituída por meio da Resolução nº 2.910, de 5 de julho de 2004, vindo a ser regulamentada por meio da Resolução de Mesa nº 640/2005.

Finalidade
O prêmio buscar estimular a criação literária e o desenvolvimento cultural ao contemplar poesias que envolvem temáticas relativas a causas sociais e, também, a questões de gênero.

Tradicionalmente, as poesias vencedoras costumam ser publicadas pela ALERGS sob a forma de separata.

Primeira e últimos(as) premiados(as)

Prêmios literários do Brasil
Literatura do Brasil
Literatura do Rio Grande do Sul
Prêmios estabelecidos em 2005
Prémios de literatura

Prêmio Lila Ripoll de Poesia


Hasan Hasanov (en azéri : Həsən Əziz oğlu Həsənov ; né le 20 octobre 1940 à Tbilissi) est un homme politique et diplomate azerbaïdjanais. Il est le dernier dirigeant communiste d'Azerbaïdjan, en tant que Premier ministre de l'Azerbaïdjan à la fois pendant le régime soviétique et l'indépendance ultérieure de l'Azerbaïdjan après l'effondrement de l'Union soviétique.

Biographie

Jeunesse
Hasanov est né à Tbilissi. Après avoir terminé ses études secondaires à Tbilissi, il déménage à Bakou, en Azerbaïdjan, pour étudier à l'Université technique de l'Azerbaïdjan en 1958. En 1963, Hasanov est diplômé de l'université et en 1981 de l'École suprême du Parti de Bakou. Pendant ses études, il préside le comité de Komsomol du groupe, de la faculté et de l'institut. En 1962, Hasanov est envoyé au 14e sommet annuel du Komsomol soviétique qui se tenait à Moscou en tant que représentant des étudiants azerbaïdjanais. En 1960-1963, il est président du Conseil des étudiants de Bakou ; de 1962 à 1966, il travaillé comme instructeur au sein du comité Komsomol de Bakou et  préside le comité de Komsomol du district de Bakou. En 1966-1967, au cours de ses études de doctorat, Hasanov est à l'Institut de recherche scientifique sur les matériaux et les établissements de construction. En 1967, il est nommé au poste de responsable du département au Comité central du Parti communiste d'Azerbaïdjan.

Carrière politique
Après avoir travaillé dans le comité d'organisation du bureau central du Komsomol à Moscou pendant deux ans, Hasanov retourne à Bakou en 1971 et travaille comme instructeur et directeur adjoint du département du Parti communiste d'Azerbaïdjan. Plus tard, il travaille comme premier secrétaire du district de Sabail en 1975-1978, comme premier secrétaire du parti de Sumgayit en 1978-1979 et comme premier secrétaire du comité du parti de Ganja en 1979-1981. De 1981 à 1990, Hasanov est secrétaire du Comité central du Parti communiste d'Azerbaïdjan et membre du bureau et préside le comité des politiques économiques de la même institution de 1989 à 1990.

Travail au Gouvernement
Hasanov est Premier ministre de l'Azerbaïdjan pendant la période la plus difficile du pays, en 1990-1992. Après l'indépendance de l'Azerbaïdjan, il est chargé de former le nouveau gouvernement de l'Azerbaïdjan. Comprenant les difficultés, Hasanov conclut un accord avec le Front populaire d'Azerbaïdjan en les invitant à former une coalition au sein du gouvernement nouvellement établi. De 1992 à 1998, il sert dans le service diplomatique de l'Azerbaïdjan indépendant et reçoit le statut d'ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire de l'Azerbaïdjan. En 1992–1993, H.Hasanov travaille à la Mission permanente de la République d'Azerbaïdjan auprès de l'ONU à New York. De 1993 à 1998, il est ministre des Affaires étrangères de l'Azerbaïdjan.
De 2004 à 2010, Hasanov est ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire de la République d'Azerbaïdjan en Hongrie. Le 30 mars 2010, il est nommé ambassadeur d'Azerbaïdjan en Pologne. Le 8 janvier 2021, Hasanov est démis de ses fonctions d'ambassadeur d'Azerbaïdjan en Pologne.

Activité littéraire
Hasan Hasanov est l'auteur du livre Vues nationales et d'État et activités de Nariman Narimanov et de la pièce Lettres de Bruxelles, consacrée à la vie et à l'œuvre du grand penseur Mirza Fatali Akhoundov, mise en scène au Théâtre dramatique d'État d'Azerbaïdjan. H. Hasanov écrit également des monographies Cible de l'histoire (Philosophie de l'histoire), Notre turcisme, Des amulettes et hiéroglyphes égyptiens en Azerbaïdjan, l'ouvrage L'intégration de l'Azerbaïdjan à l'Europe, de nombreux recueils de discours et d'articles.

Décorations
Ordre du Drapeau rouge du Travail
Croix de Commandeur de l'Ordre du Mérite de la République de Pologne (2020).
 Ordre de Chohrat (2020)

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en octobre 1940
Premier ministre d'Azerbaïdjan
Récipiendaire de l'ordre du Drapeau rouge du Travail
Personnalité politique azerbaïdjanaise
Naissance à Tbilissi
Naissance en RSS de Géorgie

Hasan Hasanov


El corte de grafos es un método de segmentación de imágenes basado en regiones que puede ser utilizado para resolver de manera eficiente una amplia variedad de problemas de bajo nivel en la visión por computadora (visión artificial) como suavizar imágenes, el problema de correspondencia estereoscópica, y muchos otros que pueden ser formulados en términos de minimización de la energía.

Se basa en la teoría de grafos donde el problema de minimización de energía se puede reducir en términos del problema de flujo máximo de un grafo y, por consiguiente, gracias al teorema de flujo máximo corte mínimo se define un corte mínimo del grafo de forma que el tamaño del corte no es más grande en ningún otro corte. En la mayoría de las formulaciones de este tipo de problemas en la visión por computador, la solución de mínima energía corresponde a la estimación del máximo a posteriori de una solución.

Aunque muchos algoritmos de visión por computador impliquen cortar un grafo (por ejemplo, cortes normalizados), el término "cortes de grafos" se aplica específicamente a los modelos que utilizan optimización máximo flujo/ corte mínimo (otros algoritmos de corte de grafos pueden ser considerados como algoritmos de partición gráfica).

Historia
La teoría de los cortes de grafos se aplicó por primera vez en la visión por computador en el trabajo de Greig, Porteus i Seheult de la Universidad de Durham. En el contexto de la estadística bayesiana de suavizar imágenes ruidosas (o dañadas), ellos mostraron como la estimación del máximo a posteriori de una imagen binaria se puede obtener exactamente al maximizar el flujo a través de una red de imágenes asociadas, que suponen la incorporación de una fuente y un pozo. El problema se muestra por lo tanto, por ser una solución eficaz.

Antes de estos resultados, técnicas aproximadas, como el algoritmo del recozido simulado (propuesto por los hermanos German), o los modelos de reiteración condicional (como el que sugiere Julian Besag) fueron utilizados para resolver problemas de suavizar imágenes.
Aunque el problema general con k colores siga sin resolver-se para k>2, la aproximación de Greig, Porteous i Seheult se ha presentado por tener una amplia aplicación en los problemas generales de visión por computador.
Las aproximaciones de Greig, Porteus i Seheult acostumbran a aplicarse de forma iterativa para una secuencia de problemas binarios, en general dando soluciones prácticamente óptimas.

Conceptos
Segmentación de imágenes: División de una imagen en regiones conexas y disjuntas relacionadas con los objetos de la escena y que cumplen un cierto criterio de homogeneidad.

Clasificación de regiones: Identificar cada una de las regiones de una partición como parte de una clase o categoría (segmentación con regiones no necesariamente conexas).

Etiquetado de regiones: Asignar una etiqueta (un color) diferente a cada componente conexa

Conectividad entre píxeles: Dos píxeles de un conjunto están conectados si existe un camino que une los dos píxeles, de tal forma que todos los píxeles del camino estén en el mismo conjunto.
Conectividad 4 (la utilizada en segmentación): Cada píxel tiene 4 vecinos, en vertical y horizontal
Conectividad 8: Cada píxel tiene 8 vecinos, en vertical, horizontal y diagonal

Procedimiento

La imagen se modela como una red de flujo donde un píxel o un grupo de píxeles se asocian con los nodos y los pesos de los arcos definen la similitud entre los píxeles vecinos. Esta red de flujo tiene dos vértices diferenciados S (Fuente) y T (Pozo), que se corresponden con las dos semillas de la inicialización, y las capacidades de cada arco.

Un flujo es una función que a cada arco le asigna un valor entre 0 y su capacidad, representando la ley de conservación (para cada vórtice, excepto la Fuente y el Pozo, el flujo que entra es igual al que sale). El valor de un flujo es el que entra en el Pozo y se busca un flujo de valor máximo.

Un corte en la red es una partición de los vértices en dos subconjuntos disyuntos, C_1 y C_2 de tal manera que S ∈ C_1 y T ∈ C_2
Los arcos del corte son los que van de C_1 a C_2
El valor del corte es la suma de las capacidades de sus arcos. Buscamos un corte de valor mínimo
El flujo de la red a través del corte es la suma de todas las capacidades alrededor desde S a T menos la suma de todas las capacidades alrededor desde T a S
La capacidad del corte es la suma de todas la capacidades alrededor desde S a T
Un corte mínimo es un corte donde su capacidad es la mínima de todos los cortes del grafo

Los problemas binarios (como la eliminación de ruido de una imagen binaria) se pueden resolver exactamente con este enfoque, los problemas en que los píxeles se pueden etiquetar con más de dos etiquetas diferentes (por ejemplo, la correspondencia estereoscópica o la eliminación de ruido de una imagen en niveles de gris) no se pueden resolver con exactitud, pero las soluciones producidas son, en general, cerca del óptimo global.

Algoritmos para resolver el problema del flujo máximo
Algoritmo Ford-Fulkerson: Propone buscar caminos en los que se pueda aumentar el flujo, hasta que se llegue al flujo máximo.
Algoritmo Edmonds-Karp: Idéntico al de Ford-Fulkerson a excepción de que definimos el orden de búsqueda para encontrar los caminos no saturados.. El camino encontrado tiene que ser el más corto entre los que aún tienen capacidad disponible.
Algoritmo Push-Relabel: Se ajusta la altura de los nodos para que el flujo pase a través de la red como el agua a través de un paisaje. El flujo a través de la red no es necesariamente un flujo legal a través de la ejecución del algoritmo

Métodos existentes
Cortes de grafos estándares: optimizan la función de energía sobre la segmentación
Cortes de grafos repetitivos:
1. Primero se optimizan los parámetros de color utilizando K-means
2. Después se aplica el algoritmo habitual de cortes de grafos
Estos dos pasos se repiten de forma recursiva hasta la convergencia
Cortes de grafos dinámicos: Permiten volver a ejecutar el algoritmo mucho más rápido después de modificar el problema (por ejemplo, después de que nuevas semillas se hayan incluido por el usuario).

Crítica
Los métodos de cortes de grafos se han convertido en una alternativa popular a las aproximaciones de nivel basadas en conjuntos para optimizar la localización de un contorno. Aun así, las aproximaciones con cortes de grafos han estado criticadas por diversas cuestiones:

Artefactos de conversión al sistema métrico: Cuando una imagen está representad por una red de conectividad 4, los métodos de cortes de grafos pueden exhibir artefactos no deseados en forma de block. Diversos métodos han estado propuestos para abordar esta cuestión, como el uso de valores adicionales o por la formulación del problema de flujo máximo en un espacio continuo
Disminución del corte: Desde que los cortes de grafos encuentran un corte mínimo, el algoritmo puede tender a producir un contorno fino. Por ejemplo, el algoritmo no es muy adecuado para la segmentación de objetos delgados como los vasos sanguíneos.
Diversas etiquetas: Los cortes de grafos solo son capaces de encontrar un óptimo global para los problemas de etiquetaje binario (es decir, dos etiquetas), como la segmentación de imágenes primer plano/fondo. Se han propuesto ampliaciones que pueden encontrar soluciones aproximadas para los problemas de cortes de grafos de multietiquetaje.
Memoria: La utilización de memoria de los cortes de grafos aumenta rápidamente con el aumento del tamaño de la imagen.

Referencias
Aplicación de Graph Cuts en la edición de imágenes y vídeo
Graph Cuts Approach to the Problems of Image
Introducción a la Teoría de Grafos

Operaciones en grafos
Estadística bayesiana
Visión por computadora
Problemas computacionales de teoría de grafos

Cortes de grafos en la visión por computador


El Codex Guelferbytanus A (Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek (Weissenburg 64); Gregory-Aland no. Papr o 025; α 3 Soden) es un manuscrito uncial del siglo IX. El códice contiene los Hechos de los Apóstoles, Epístolas paulinas, Apocalipsis de San Juan.

El códice consiste de un total de 327 folios de 16 x 13 cm. El texto está escrito en una dos columnas por página, con entre 24 líneas por columna.

 Lagunas
Hechos 1,1-2,13; Romains 2,16-3,4; 8,32-9,10; 11,23-12,1; 1 Corinthiens 7,15-17; 12,23-13,5; 14,23-39; 2 Corinthiens 2,13-16; Colossiens 3,16-4,8; 1 Tessaloniciens 3,5-4,17; 1 Juan 3,20-5,1; Jude 4-15; Apocalipsis 16,12-17,1; 19,21-20,9; 22,6-fin.

Véase también
 Lista de los manuscritos unciales del Nuevo Testamento Griego
 Ecdótica

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Constantin von Tischendorf, "Monumenta sacra inedita" V-VI, (Leipzig, 1865–1869), pp. 1 ff.
 Kurt Treu, "Die Griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments in der USSR; eine systematische Auswertung des Texthandschriften in Leningrad, Moskau, Kiev, Odessa, Tbilisi und Erevan", T & U 91 (Berlín: 1966), pp. 101–104.
 Herman C. Hoskier, "Concerning the Text of the Apocalypse" (2 vols., London, 1927), p. 1.7.

Enlaces externos
 Codex Porphyrianus Papr (025): at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism

Códices
Unciales del Nuevo Testamento
Manuscritos bíblicos del siglo VI
Colección de la Biblioteca Nacional de Rusia
Palimpsestos

Codex Porphyrianus


Snopes é um website de checagem de fatos lançado em 1995. Inicialmente, investigava lendas urbanas, hoaxes e folclore. Atualmente, é um dos mais famosos sites de checagem de fatos dos Estados Unidos, sendo comumente consultado para checagem de histórias sobre políticos como Barack Obama e Donald Trump, e frequentemente citado por jornais tradicionais.

Em inglês, o nome do site é utilizado como verbo, significando "consultar o site para verificar a veracidade de algo".

Crescimento e atuação do site
Inicialmente voltado apenas para temas como lendas urbanas e lendas sobre a Disney, o site logo se tornou popular, especialmente após os ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001 nos Estados Unidos, quando teorias da conspiração ganharam força, e o site catalogava o que era verdade e o que era ficção.

O site ganhou uma nova explosão de popularidade com a campanha presidencial de Barack Obama em 2008, e o site se tornou referência para checagem de rumores políticos, como a religião de Obama e fotos manipuladas de outros políticos estadunidenses. A campanha e presidência de Donald Trump também gerou muitos rumores, que foram desbancados pelo site.

Em 2016, o site fez uma parceria com o Facebook, para auxiliar a checagem de fatos pela rede social. Notícias compartilhadas por usuários seriam marcadas quanto a sua veracidade de acordo com a checagem feita por sites como Snopes, FactCheck e Politifact, entre outros. Essa parceria durou até 2019, quando foi encerrada para que os funcionários da Snopes pudessem focar o trabalho na própria empresa, afirmou Vinny Green, vice-presidente de operações.

Investigando se Snopes seria enviesado, em 2009 o site FactCheck.org revisou uma amostra de postagens do Snopes sobre rumores políticos envolvendo George W. Bush, Sarah Palin, e Barack Obama, e a conclusão foi de que o site era livre de vieses em todos os casos.

Snopes faz parte da Poynter's International Fact Checking Network, uma associação que reúne entidades dedicadas a verificar a veracidade de informações.

História e disputa judicial
Em 1994, surgiu o Urban Legends Reference Pages, criado pelo ex-programador David Mikkelson, por volta dos 25 anos de idade, e Barbara Hamel, sua futura esposa. No ano seguinte, o site se tornou Snopes, palavra que era utilizada por David como nome de usuário em fóruns de internet, inspirado por uma série de livros. David e Barbara se casaram em 1996, e trabalharam juntos no site por anos.

Em 2002, David foi demitido de seu emprego, e começou a trabalhar exclusivamente no site. Com o retorno financeiro das propagandas do site, contratou-se mais um funcionário para ajudar com as mensagens e pedidos dos leitores. Por volta de 2003, criou-se a empresa Bardav (mistura dos nomes de Barbara e David) para operar o site, tendo David e Barbara 50% da empresa cada.

Em 2015, os fundadores David e Barbara Mikkelson se divorciaram. Manter a empresa juntos se tornou difícil, e em julho de 2016 Barbara vendeu sua parte da empresa para cinco acionistas da Proper Media, a empresa que gerencia as propagandas do Snopes. Por volta dessa época, iniciou-se uma disputa legal entre Bardav e Proper Media.

Em 2017, em meio a disputas financeiras, Snopes realizou uma campanha de financiamento coletivo online no site GoFundMe para poder manter o site funcionando. A campanha arrecadou mais de $600 000 em apenas dois dias. David conseguiu manter o site, que operava de sua casa em Tacoma, nos Estados Unidos, e empregava 16 funcionários ao todo, trabalhando de diferentes lugares do país.

Em 2021, David Mikkelson foi afastado da redação do site devido a acusações de plágio.

Ver também
E-farsas

Agências de checagem de fatos

Snopes


Andrija (Andreas), ranokršćanski biskup. Biskup Bistua Nuove, jedan od tri najznačajnija municipija i središta kršćanskih biskupija u Bosni. Sudjelovao i bio potpisnikom solinskih sinoda 530. i 533. godine.

Izvori

Životopisi, Zenica
Kršćanstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini
Biskupi u Bosni i Hercegovini

Andrija (biskup Bistua Novae)


La sécheresse nord-américaine de 1988 à 1990 se classe parmi les pires épisodes de sécheresse aux États-Unis. S'étendant sur plusieurs années, elle a débuté dans la plupart des régions en 1988 et s'est poursuivie dans certaines jusqu'en 1990. La sécheresse a causé des pertes de  ( milliards $US en tenant compte de l'inflation). Elle a occasionné certains des pires tempêtes de poussière depuis 1977 ou les années 1930 dans de nombreux endroits du Midwest des États-Unis, y compris une tempête de poussière prolongée, qui a fermé des écoles dans le Dakota du Sud à la fin de février 1988.

Au printemps, plusieurs stations météorologiques ont établi des records de plus faibles les précipitations mensuelles et de plus long intervalle entre précipitations mesurables, par exemple, 55 jours consécutifs sans précipitations à Milwaukee. Au cours de l'été, deux vagues de chaleur record se sont développées, similaires à celles de 1934 et 1936. Les canicules simultanées ont tué de  aux États-Unis. Au cours de l'été 1988, la sécheresse a provoqué de nombreux feux de forêt dans l'ouest de l'Amérique du Nord, y compris dans les incendies de 1988 à Yellowstone.

À son apogée, la sécheresse couvrait 45 % des États-Unis, beaucoup moins de superficie que le Dust Bowl des années 1930 qui couvrait 70% des États-Unis. Cependant, elle se classe non seulement comme la plus coûteuse sécheresse de l'histoire des États-Unis, mais aussi parmi l'une des catastrophes naturelles les plus coûteuses de ce pays. Au Canada, les pertes liées à la sécheresse se sont élevées à  de 1988.

Origine
L'ouest des États-Unis a connu une longue sécheresse à la fin des années 1980. Une grande partie de la Californie a connu l'une des plus longues sécheresses jamais observées de la fin de 1986 à la fin de 1992. La situation s'est aggravée en 1988 car une grande partie des États-Unis a également souffert d'une grave sécheresse. En Californie, la sécheresse de six ans s'est terminée à la fin de 1992 sous la forme d'un événement El Niño important dans l'océan Pacifique (et l'éruption du mont Pinatubo en juin 1991 a très probablement causé une persistance inhabituelle) causant alors de fortes pluies.

Après une sécheresse plus douce dans le sud-est des États-Unis et en Californie l'année précédente, la sécheresse de 1988-1990 a touché les États du Mid-Atlantique, le sud-est des États-Unis, le Midwest, le nord des Grandes Plaines et l'ouest des États-Unis. Les vagues de chaleur qui ont accompagné la sécheresse ont tué environ 4 800 à 17 000 Américains ainsi que du bétail à travers les États-Unis. Culture de terres marginalement arables, ainsi que pompage des eaux souterraines pour le quasi-épuisement a contribué aux dommages causés par cet événement. La sécheresse a détruit les cultures dans presque tout le pays, les pelouses sont devenues brunes et de nombreuses villes ont déclaré des restrictions d'eau. Plus de 100 mm de pluie utile ont été apportés dans certaines parties du Midwest en septembre 1988 par l'ouragan Gilbert, qui a traversé le Texas et l'Oklahoma sous forme de dépression tropicale, s'affaiblissant à mesure qu'il se déplaçait plus au nord dans le Missouri, et répandant la pluie jusqu'aux Grands Lacs. Dans certaines régions, l'ouragan Gilbert a carrément surmonté la sécheresse, mais d'autres endroits étaient à −6 ou moins sur l'indice de sècheresse de Palmer au début de l'automne 1988 et un changement général dans le schéma qui s'était maintenu pendant les neuf années précédentes. mois ont été nécessaires pour atténuer les impacts hydrologiques de la sécheresse. Les dégâts agricoles ont été essentiellement causés à ce stade, entraînant des prix record pour les produits de base.

Les feux de forêt dans le Parc national de Yellowstone ont brûlé  et causé des destructions exceptionnelles dans la région. Pour de multiples raisons, la sécheresse catastrophique s'est poursuivie dans les États du Upper Midwest et du nord des Grandes Plaines en 1989, ne se terminant officiellement qu'en 1990.

Les conditions sèches se sont poursuivies en 1989, affectant l'Iowa, l'Illinois, le Missouri, certaines parties du Nebraska, du Minnesota, du Kansas et de grandes parties du Colorado. La sécheresse a également touché certaines parties du Canada.

À partir du printemps, un régime de vent persistant a amené de l'air chaud et sec au milieu du continent depuis le désert sud-ouest, alors que la plupart des années, l'advection d'air chaud et humide du golfe du Mexique est la règle ; par conséquent, malgré les températures extrêmement élevées, l'élévation de la température apparente n'a pas été aussi grave que ce serait le cas lors de la canicule de 1995.

Dégâts
La sécheresse de 1988 est la pire sécheresse depuis le Dust Bowl, qui s'est produit plus de 50 ans plus tôt.

Notes et références

Catastrophe écologique au Canada
Catastrophe écologique aux États-Unis
Histoire de l'agriculture aux États-Unis
Sécheresse
Événement météorologique en Amérique
Phénomène météorologique en 1988
Phénomène météorologique en 1989
Phénomène météorologique en 1990

Sécheresse nord-américaine de 1988 à 1990


La route régionale 148 () est une route régionale allant de Hyrylä à Tuusula jusqu'à Kilpilahti à Porvoo en Finlande.

Présentation
La seututie 148 est une route régionale d'Uusimaa de 30 kilomètres de long.

Références

Annexes

Liens externes

Cartes

Articles connexes
 Seututie

148

Transport à Tuusula
Transport à Kerava
Transport à Sipoo

Seututie 148


Bend Over And Pray The Lord es el primer álbum que creó la banda Lordi. Contiene 14 inéditas canciones, entre ellas la canción «Get Heavy», ya incluida en el primer álbum que sacó Lordi a la venta, Get Heavy. Por desgracia la discográfica que iba a lanzar el disco quebró, y el álbum nunca fue publicado, hasta ahora. El título de dicho álbum fue creado por Sami Wolking. En principio el álbum iba a ser lanzado en primavera de 2012 en forma de DVD que además contiene el primer concierto de Lordi en Finlandia, en Helsinki, en 2002, pero tras la repentina muerte del batería Otus, se retrasó la publicación del álbum hasta el 3 de septiembre de 2012. El nombre del "pack" que contendrá el álbum y dicho directo es "Scarchives Vol. 1".
A continuación podemos leer algunas declaraciones del vocalista Mr. Lordi sobre este lanzamiento:

Publicación del álbum en 2012

Scarchives Vol. 1, contiene el álbum Bend Over And Pray The Lord, con las canciones originales que fueron creadas en 1999. Además contiene una canción bonus llamada «Hulking Dynamo». El álbum fue producido por T.T. Oksala y masterizado por Mika Jussila.

Lista de canciones

Curiosidades

La canción bonus «Studs And Leather" del anterior disco Babez For Breakfast fue creada para este disco en 1999, aunque al final no la incluyeron en el repertorio.

Créditos

 Mr. Lordi - Vocal, Batería en la canción 1, 3, 8 y 9, Bajista en la canción 4
 Amen - Guitarra eléctrica
 G-Stealer - Bajo
 Enary - Piano, coros
 Magnum - bajista en la canción 15, coros
 Kita - batería en la canción 15
 Samuel Salmela - Guitarrista en la canción 3
 Tuomas Rislakki - Guitarrista en la canción 4
 Tomi Yli-Suvanto - Guitarrista en la canción 7
 Zarsi-man - Guitarrista en las canciones 9 y 10
 Matti Kaarela - Caja de ritmos en las canciones 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13 y 14
 Jussi Rovanperä

Referencias

Álbumes de 2012
Álbumes de hard rock
Álbumes de Lordi
Álbumes en inglés

Bend Over And Pray The Lord