John I Albert (; 27 December 1459 – 17 June 1501) was King of Poland from 1492 to his death and Duke of Głogów (Glogau) from 1491 to 1498. He was the fourth Polish sovereign from the Jagiellonian dynasty and the son of Casimir IV and Elizabeth of Austria.

Related to the House of Habsburg, John Albert was groomed to become emperor in the Holy Roman Empire, a plan that ultimately failed. He was well-educated and tutored by scholars such as Johannes Longinus and Callimachus, whom he had subsequently befriended. Heavily influenced by the Italian Renaissance, John sought to strengthen royal authority at the expense of the Catholic Church and the clergy. In 1487, he led a force against the Ottoman Empire and defeated the Tatars of the Crimean Khanate during the early phase of the Polish–Ottoman War. In the aftermath of the Bohemian–Hungarian War, John attempted to usurp Hungary from his elder brother Vladislaus, but was instead granted the Duchy of Głogów to calm his ambition.

John ascended to the Polish throne in 1492, and his younger brother Alexander was elected Grand Duke of Lithuania by an independent Lithuanian assembly, thus temporarily breaking the personal union between the two nations. He was proclaimed the king by an oral ballot orchestrated by Cardinal Frederick Jagiellon. To secure his succession against the Piast princes from the Duchy of Masovia, he dispatched an army to the electoral proceedings, which alienated the higher nobles and magnates. He later invaded Masovia to deprive Konrad III of his ancestral holdings and curtail internal opposition to his rule. In 1497, John Albert launched a personal crusade into Moldavia to uphold Polish suzerainty, establish control over Black Sea ports and dethrone Stephen III in favour of John Albert's brother Sigismund. The campaign's failure greatly hindered Polish expansion into Southern Europe, preventing any significant further expansion.

John Albert remains a largely forgotten and overlooked figure in the history of Poland, his relatively short reign ended in a major military setback, and he was criticised during his lifetime for embracing absolutism as well as attempting to centralise the government. He is credited for creating a bicameral parliament, comprising the Senate and the Sejm, which granted lower-class gentry the right of expression in the matters of state. Conversely, he limited the movement of peasants by confining them to nobles' estates for life.

Early life, 1459–1492

Birth and family background

John was born on 27 December 1459 at Wawel Castle in Kraków, which served as the seat of Polish monarchs. He was one of thirteen children and the third son born to Casimir IV Jagiellon and Elizabeth Habsburg. His mother was the second child of Albert II, Duke of Austria and King of the Romans, and the granddaughter of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor. It was the ambition of John's parents to install one of their sons as Emperor in the Holy Roman Empire. Thus, he received the second name Albert at christening to honour his maternal grandfather and in the hope of securing his candidacy to the Imperial throne.

Paternally, John was the grandson of Jogaila, the pagan ruler of Lithuania who, upon the marriage to Jadwiga of Poland, adopted Catholicism, converted his native people to Christianity and was crowned King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło in 1386. Subsequently, his descendants held a strong claim to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Lithuanian lords were at first apprehensive about forming a union with Poland. The Lithuanian nobility and minorities feared that merging the two countries would threaten their sovereignty. The Poles were also dissatisfied as the Jagiellonians possessed no blood relations with their predecessors, the Piasts, who de facto ruled since the creation of statehood in AD 966. In the wake of Jogaila's death, his eldest son Ladislaus III succeeded him in Poland, and his younger son Casimir in Lithuania. Ladislaus' fall at the Battle of Varna in 1444 enabled Casimir's lineage and sons to become the potential successors to both titles. John's father was reluctant to accept the Polish crown and only did so when his opponents, Bolesław IV of Warsaw and Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg, strengthened their efforts. Raised abroad, he was initially branded as illegitimate by the Poles and was influenced by the Lithuanian gentry, whom he supported in their calls for a separate state.

John's right to the throne came entirely by coincidence, and it was his eldest brother, Vladislaus, who was destined to inherit Poland and Lithuania by primogeniture. This changed when George of Poděbrady pledged to make Vladislaus his heir in neighbouring Bohemia on the condition that Casimir IV negotiated a peace treaty with Matthias Corvinus of Hungary. Although the mediation between the two failed, the Bohemian Diet elected Vladislaus the King of Bohemia following George's death in 1471. Casimir IV's second son and his namesake, Casimir, then became the new heir apparent in Poland, however, he fell ill with tuberculosis and died in 1484. Six years later, Vladislaus was proclaimed King of Hungary, which was met with hostility from a faction of Hungarian nobles advocating for John Albert. Motivated by the Hungarians, John briefly invaded Hungary to usurp the title but was defeated by his brother at Košice in 1491 and again at Prešov in 1492. In spite of the conflict, the bond between the two siblings remained unhindered, and Vladislaus made John the Duke of Głogów (Glogau) for life to satisfy his ambition.

Education

Casimir IV was determined to educate all his sons equally and prepare them to assume the role of a monarch. In September 1467, chronicler and historian Johannes Longinus (Polish: Jan Długosz) was entrusted by Casimir with tutoring the royal children, including young John. Longinus, a deeply spiritual man, made sure that the princes were raised with great care and in accordance with Church laws. During their childhood, John and his brother Alexander were instructed to regularly visit the tombs of past sovereigns in an attempt to strengthen their allegiance to Poland. Latin and German, law, history, rhetoric, and classical literature were part of the rigid curriculum. According to the 16th-century political writer Stanisław Orzechowski, John was subjected to corporal punishment which was encouraged by his father.

The Italian humanist and diplomat Filippo Buonaccorsi, known as Callimachus or Kallimach, exercised immense authority and influence over John in his early years and during his reign. He was initially appointed royal advisor and mentor at the behest of Queen Elizabeth. Buonaccorsi was described as more lenient and moderate than Longinus; he amended the syllabus with chess, sports and ancient studies concerning the works of Cicero and Virgil. Radical for the time, many of his ideas and theories were later endorsed by John, such as limiting the power of the clergy and centralising the government. Buonaccorsi further argued for the strengthening of the king's authority, and asserting an absolute monarchy, at the expense of the nobility and inconspicuously advocated for the split with Rome. His appeal extended beyond politics and diplomacy; he befriended John and remained his most trusted courtier until he died in 1496.

Reign, 1492–1501

Accession, 1492

In accordance with the Union of Horodło (1413), Lithuania was to elect the Grand Duke by its own independent assembly of nobles in Vilnius. In turn, the Polish Crown Diet was obliged to nominate the King of Poland. These titles could be shared by one individual whose election was confirmed by both assemblies. On his deathbed, Casimir IV requested that John succeed him in the Crown and Alexander Jagiellon in the Grand Duchy. Lithuanian dignitaries were satisfied with the proposition; a cluster of Polish nobility wished to continue the personal union between the two countries and initially opted for Alexander.

An electoral tribunal convened on 15 August 1492 in the city of Piotrków. The assembled nobles were to decide which candidate should ascend the throne. John's successful 1487 engagement during the Polish–Ottoman War (1485–1503) against the Crimean Khanate and its Tatar units in the far east was a considerable determinant. Others pointed out his failed intervention in Hungary against his brother. Personal characteristics made the nobles agitated; although intelligent, John Albert was often described as supercilious and intolerably arrogant. In consequence, the Tęczyński and Leszczyński magnates voiced their support for John's younger brother Sigismund, distinguished by his intellect and presumed chastity.

Quarrels between highly-elevated members of state marked the tribunal; it was their course of action that determined the outcome. A considerable threat to the assembly were Janusz II of Płock and his brother Konrad, escorted a company of 1,000 hardline soldiers sent from the Duchy of Masovia. Janusz's candidacy was endorsed by a strictly covert contingent of conservatives, whose intention was to restore the ancient House of Piast on the Polish throne. Zbigniew Oleśnicki, Primate of Poland, was part of that faction but was unable to attend due to poor health. Thereby, the Queen Dowager Elizabeth nominated her acquiescent son, Frederick Jagiellon, to lead the proceedings in his stead.

An army of 1,600 men was dispatched to counter Janusz and Konrad if their troops resorted to violence. Meanwhile, John preoccupied himself with negotiations and aimed to procure the Prussian vote by recognising Lucas Watzenrode as the new Prince-Bishop of Warmia (Ermland). In the end, it was Frederick's personal intervention that secured the crown for John, who was unanimously proclaimed king by an oral ballot amongst the shrieks of nobles on 27 August 1492. A courier carried the news to the burghers of Kraków, which brought great joy to the townsfolk and prompted a bonfire celebration. The entourage then hurried to the capital, where he was crowned at Wawel Cathedral just less than a month later, on 23 September, by his ailing adversary Oleśnicki.

John Albert's first months as king were unsettling and marred by insecurities. The Masovian Dukes still posed a considerable threat and placed his reign in jeopardy, with Masovia being independent of Poland at the time. In December 1492, John turned to Vladislaus and formed a much needed military alliance with Hungary against common foes. The brothers pledged mutual assistance and vowed to quell any opposition that undermined their rule.

Creation of parliament, 1493
Constitutionalism and parliamentary tendencies in Poland date back to the Late Middle Ages, when Louis I issued the 1374 Privilege of Koszyce, granting the nobility concessions (tax reductions) and prerogatives in return for favours or military support. Earlier attempts at unifying lower-class gentry with the high magnates into a single political entity were largely unsuccessful. Nobles of lower social status objected to the judiciary practices, superintended by their upper-class counterparts, which caused much discontent throughout the nobility. A major breakthrough came in 1454, when John's father, Casimir, approved the Statutes of Nieszawa; which obligated the monarch to seek advice from the gentry and sejmiks (regional land councils) before taking action. According to Aleksander Gieysztor, the statutes acted as a counterweight to the oligarchy cultivated by the magnates and paved the way for an early parliamentary system.

Before establishing a long-lasting legislative body of government, the Polish king would summon a so-called curia regis which had no real authority over the sovereign. Its permanent members comprised the consiliarii — trusted courtiers and loyal dignitaries personally selected by the reigning monarch. Under John Albert, the curia regis slowly transformed itself into the Senate of Poland. There were changes in conventional practices, for instance, Casimir IV first debated with his close council and then travelled to individual provincial sejmiks. John, on the other hand, called the sejmiks' representatives from across the country to gather and create a single unified assembly.

In January 1493, the first parliament composed of two chambers convened in Piotrków, which would host successive tribunals and parliament sittings long into the 16th century. The Sejm summoned on 18 January, the precise inauguration date is difficult to determine as the king stayed in Kraków until 13 January, and subsequently left for the town of Nowy Korczyn where the Lesser Polish nobility gathered on the 15th of the same month. He then returned to the capital before departing for Miechów and finally arriving in Piotrków no later than 28 January. It is, widely regarded that John's entourage and the Lesser Polish lords arrived late to the parliament. Historian  outlined that the weather conditions were not to blame, as the January of 1493 appeared relatively warm and dry. The delay may have been attributed to the extensive distance covered (approximately 40–50 kilometres a day), as well as to the festivities and welcoming ceremonies in each town his royal cortège passed. On 2 March, the king issued a universal act on taxation and closed the assembly on 3 March.

Expelling Jews from Kraków, 1494–1495

In June 1494, a fire broke out in Kraków during the visit of a Turkish envoy. Panic arose when the  and nearby settlements became engulfed in flames. Commoners began to speculate and blamed the Jews for the inferno. Jewish-owned enterprises and dwellings were then pillaged, soon followed by riots against the city's Jewish community. In the same year, the Jewish inhabitants, jointly with the city council representatives and burghers, lodged their complaints before John Albert in a private audience. John initially held the Jews in contempt and incarcerated leaders of the Jewish community; but was persuaded by Callimachus to release them shortly after. According to Byron Sherwin, instrumental in coercing the king was a Jewish woman by the name of Rachel, who was the lady-in-waiting to Queen Mother Elizabeth. In 1495, John issued an edict whereby he expelled Jews from Kraków and forcibly relocated them in the adjacent township of Kazimierz, which became one of Poland's primary centres of Judaism. Chroniclers from the period make no mention of an expulsion; Martin Kromer suggested that the relocation was in part voluntary and for the benefit of the Jews who faced persecution from Christians.

Intervention in Masovia, 1495–1496

John desired to assert royal power over Poland's fiefdoms, most notably the Duchy of Masovia, whose Piast rulers held closer ties to the Gediminids and were allied with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Jagiellonians perceived the duchy as a quasi-state and a "blot" on their absolute sovereignty over East-Central Europe. John was a staunch supporter of imposing Polonisation into Poland's spheres of influence, including Masovia and Monastic Prussia.

When Duke Janusz II died heirless in February 1495, his brother Konrad hurried to secure his disputed succession by sending out troops to fortify Masovian castles. He failed in deterring Polish ambitions; John soon assembled a small force that marched into Masovia and occupied the ecclesiastical city of Płock, the region's primary bishopric. Cardinal Frederick then prevented local canons from obtaining office and installed Jan Lubrański as bishop. Fearing an escalation, Konrad ordered his men to stand down; paving the way for the Jagiellons to uphold their claim to Masovia. A year later, Konrad paid homage to John at Piotrków; where, on accusations of insubordination, he was deprived of most holdings and hereditary possessions.

Invasion of Moldavia, 1497–1499

John desired to pose as the champion of Christendom against the Ottoman Turks, whilst regaining lost ports near the Black Sea (Cetatea Albă and Chilia) and strengthening suzerainty over Moldavia. His primary objective was to forcibly install his younger brother, Sigismund, on the Moldavian throne. Circumstances seemed, moreover, to favour the Poles. In his brother Vladislaus, he found a counterpoise to the machinations of Emperor Maximilian I, who in 1492 had concluded an alliance against him with Ivan III of Russia. As suzerain of Moldavia, John Albert was favourably situated for attacking the Turks. At the conference of Leutschau (1494), the details of the expedition were arranged between the kings of Poland and Hungary and Elector John Cicero of Brandenburg. However, John's plan to dethrone Stephen III in favour of Sigismund was met with staunch resistance from the Hungarians.

In May 1496, John raised civil taxes to finance the forthcoming campaign. The true motive behind his personal crusade was concealed, and all religious dimensions were excluded. In turn, national defence and preventing an Ottoman incursion were chosen as the most suitable cause. This false narrative was conveyed to the people through tax proclamations. In August 1497, tax levies equivalent to 25 per cent of ecclesiastical incomes were demanded from the clergy by Cardinal Frederick Jagiellon to support his brother. By the summer of 1497, John assembled a strong army numbering some 80,000 men, supported by heavy artillery. Stephen III attempted to prevent John and the Poles from crossing into Moldavia. Endorsed by Ivan III, he persuaded John's brother Alexander not to partake in the campaign. As reported by the Bychowiec Chronicle, the Lithuanian nobles condemned Poland's actions and refused to set foot on Moldavian territory.

The Polish army marched across the river Dniester and invaded Moldavia in August 1497. The Ottoman Sultan then sent reinforcements of about 600 men mostly comprising Janissaries who joined Stephen's forces stationed at Roman (now in Romania). His final attempts to halt the Polish advance proved futile. The Moldavian chancellor, sent on a peacekeeping mission to the Polish camp, tried to convince the Poles to withdraw from the country; but John refused and had him confined. The unsuccessful attack on Suceava lasting from 24 September to 19 October curtailed John's ambitions. The Polish army had its supply lines disrupted by the Moldavian forces and suffered from disease which forced John into bed. The siege of Suceava was lifted after Vladislaus sent a Hungarian army counting some 12,000 men to help Stephen. A truce was signed. At the Battle of the Cosmin Forest in Bukovina, the Moldavians routed the retreating Poles, whose heavy cavalry was unable to charge in thick woodland. The attack led to significant casualties, disorder and a loss of prestige for the Polish army. John eventually agreed to a humiliating peace treaty in 1499 and recognised Stephen as his equal and not as a feudal dependent.

The defeat in Moldavia incited raids into Polish territory, largely conducted by Tatars and other irregulars. In July 1498, Turkish marauders of Malkoçoğlu Bali Bey crossed into Podolia and reached as far west as Lwów, pillaging the city's environs. Fearing a retaliatory attack by the Moldavians or the Ottoman Empire, John ordered the construction of new defensive fortifications; including what became one of Poland's most recognisable monuments, the Kraków Barbican.

Dispute with Teutonic Knights, 1499–1501

The ceding of Prussia to Poland as a royal dependency in the aftermath of the Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466) caused great animosity between the Teutonic State and the Polish Crown, even when the two were allies. Tensions escalated further when John tried to secure his brother Frederick as Watzenrode's successor in the Holy See.

After the death of Johann von Tiefen, the Teutonic Order proclaimed Friedrich Wettin von Sachsen as the new Grand Master (Hochmeister). Unlike his predecessor, Friedrich disregarded the Second Peace of Thorn of 1466 and refused to render homage to the Polish Crown. In 1499, he rejected John's request to partake in a Sejm sitting at Piotrków, claiming that his absence stemmed from troubled domestic affairs. He then referred the matter to the Imperial Diet. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, permitted Friedrich to aid Poland when called, but insisted that he refrains from searing oath of allegiance to the Polish king, instead maintaining "friendly" and "neighbourly" relations.

According to Jędrzej Moraczewski, John demanded on five occasions that the Teutonic Knights pledge reverence and submission. When Maximilian denounced the Peace of Thorn, asserting that neither the Empire nor the Holy See approved it, John mobilised a force with heavy artillery and set out to Toruń (Thorn) in 1501 where the accords were initially signed. Friedrich dismissed the ultimatum to appear before John but sent representatives on his behalf to negotiate. Fearing a major regional conflict, George, Duke of Saxony, and John's brother-in-law by marriage to Barbara Jagiellon, entrusted the Catholic Bishop of Meissen with mediating between the Poles and the Teutonic Knights. However, the negotiations stalled when John died unexpectedly.

Death and burial

The catastrophic Moldavian Campaign was a major blunder that psychologically scarred John for life and likely affected his health. He died suddenly on 17 June 1501 in Toruń, where he agreed to negotiate with the Teutonic Knights. The most likely cause of death was syphilis, though the monarch suffered from other ailments and battle wounds. The king's body was embalmed for the journey, and on 29 June, the funeral cortège left Toruń for the royal capital of Kraków. His heart was embedded inside the Toruń Cathedral, but its exact location remains unknown.

John was laid to rest on 28 July 1501 at Wawel Cathedral in Kraków, in one of the dedicated chapels adjacent to the cathedral's nave. The Late Gothic red-marble headstone with the king's effigy and ledger was sculpted by Stanisław Stwosz, the son of Veit Stoss. From 1502 to 1505, Francesco Fiorentino created an Early Renaissance niche and archway, based on Leonardo Bruni's tomb at the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence. The tomb's resemblance to a triumphal arch was said to be an allusion to the imperial pretensions of John and the Jagiellonian dynasty in general. It is widely regarded as the first Renaissance composition in Poland and a breakthrough in Polish architecture.

Personal life and assessment

Unlike Alexander, John was not easily swayed and held firm views on the matters of state. 19th-century historians called him a "valiant soldier, but no commander". Józef Ignacy Kraszewski emphasized the king's interest in militarism and absolutism, which stemmed from his education supervised by radical Callimachus. To win support for the Moldavian Campaign, John was compelled to appease the nobility. In 1496, the townspeople were forbidden to own land, and the freedom of movement for peasants was abolished. The nobles would profit from the non-migrating peasants tied to the land and serfdom-based manorial estates called folwarks. This greatly hindered the development of Polish towns and cities in comparison with their Western European counterparts, and resulted in low urbanisation rates across the country.

John never married and remained a lifelong bachelor. It is uncertain whether he fathered any illegitimate children; it is evident that the king was a libertine who led a promiscuous life. Even during his lifetime, John was known to be a notorious womaniser and a dissolute. Maciej Miechowita writes that he "indulged in [sexual] pleasures and desires like a warrior", and Martin Kromer noted his "insistence on carnal and affectionless love". Kromer did point out his ambition, occasional wit, and intelligence. He was known to be shrewd and gifted in languages, which assisted him in diplomacy. Privately, he enjoyed banqueting, hunting, and frequent drinking, which encouraged chroniclers to brand him as a drunkard. Accounts of John strolling intoxicated in the alleyways of Kraków; and engaging in public brawls cannot be substantially justified due to the lack of evidence.

During their encounter, Miechowita described John as "tall, brown-eyed, with reddish skin on the face […] he was quick in movement and girded with a smallsword".

John's unconventionally large court was the biggest of any Polish monarch: it numbered around 1,600 knights and courtiers.

Ancestry

Family tree

See also

 History of Poland (1385–1569)
 Piotrków Statutes

References

Citations

Bibliography

1459 births
1501 deaths
15th-century Polish monarchs
16th-century Polish monarchs
Kings of Poland
Dukes of Głogów
Polish Roman Catholics
Nobility from Kraków
Jagiellonian dynasty
Burials at Wawel Cathedral
Pretenders to the Hungarian throne

John I Albert


الطَرَابِلْسِيّة قرية تقع بمعتمدية السبيخة بولاية القيروان من الوسط التونسي.

طرابلسية

الطرابلسية


Toyota Kenya Limited ist ein Automobilhändler in Nairobi, Kenia. Das Unternehmen wurde im Januar 2012 als Nachfolgeunternehmen der Toyota East Africa Limited gegründet.

Geschichte

Die Toyota East Africa Limited ließ seit 1977 Fahrzeuge bei den Associated Vehicle Assemblers herstellen. Zu den montierten Fahrzeugen gehörten der Toyota Land Cruiser und der  Toyota Hilux.

Im Januar 2012 wurde das Unternehmen durch die Toyota Kenya Limited ersetzt.

Im Jahr 2013 wurde bei AVA mit der Montage von Lastkraftwagen der Marke Hino begonnen. Dazu hatte Toyota 500 Mio. KES (rund 5 Mio. EUR) investiert.

Weblinks
 Website des Unternehmens

Einzelnachweise

Automobilhändler
Toyota
Unternehmen (Nairobi)
Gegründet 2012

Toyota Kenya


The British Rail Class 01 diesel locomotive is a short wheelbase 0-4-0 diesel-mechanical design intended for use in areas with tight curves and limited clearance.

History
Four examples were built by Andrew Barclay Sons & Co. of Kilmarnock (Scotland) in 1956. They were numbered 11503-11506, then D2953-2956, and two survived long enough to become 01001 (D2954) and 01002 (D2955) on the TOPS system. Their original depot allocation was to Stratford (30A). A fifth locomotive with detail differences was built in 1958 for departmental use at Peterborough Permanent Way Depot. It was originally No. 81 but was renumbered D2956 in July 1967 after the original D2956 had been withdrawn.

The locomotives were very versatile, despite having only  available, and were small enough to operate on any railway on the BR standard gauge network — except for the small problem that they were limited to . For a fleet of just five locomotives, they were also very reliable, although Stratford Docks, where they originally worked, was not noted for creating very hard labour. Two examples, D2953 and D2956 were sold in 1966 and a third locomotive (the second D2956) followed in 1968.

D2954 and D2955 survived in BR service because they were required to service the Holyhead Breakwater, being the only locomotives light enough for that track, the pair were used by William Wild & Sons Ltd. They were renumbered 01001 and 01002 under TOPS. 01001 was not used after 1973 but was cannibalised for spare parts to keep its sister loco in service. 01001 was withdrawn in 1979, and 01002 followed in 1981. 01002 had last run when the Breakwater Railway closed in July 1980. Both locomotives were cut up on site still carrying their original livery of British Railways black with black-and-yellow "wasp stripe" warning ends and the original British Railways "unicycling lion" emblem; they were the last locomotives in BR service to do so.

Fleet list

Technical details
Class 01 locomotives had a Gardner 6-cylinder in-line, 4-stroke 6L3 engine of 153 hp (114 kW) at 1,200 rpm connected to a Wilson SE4, 4-speed epicyclic gear box with a Vulcan-Sinclair type 23 rigid hydraulic coupling, and a Wiseman 15LGB reverse and final drive unit. The wheels were connected by coupling rods and driven by a jackshaft.

Preservation
Two pre-TOPS members survive in preservation:
 D2953 by Heritage Shunters Trust at Rowsley South, Peak Rail
 the first D2956 on the East Lancashire Railway

Re-use of the '01' TOPS code

More recently, the sub-classification 01/5 has come into use to refer to small, privately owned shunters certified to run on the national network. As such, 01/5 is a collective grouping of a number of very different locomotives, having in common only that they are small, hitherto unclassified shunters of designs never given a BR classification.

References

Further reading

External links

 More images of 01002 shunting on the breakwater

 Page of photos of 01 002 on Holyhead Breakwater on the Breakwater's official page

01
Andrew Barclay locomotives
B locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1956
Standard gauge locomotives of Great Britain
Shunting locomotives

British Rail Class 01


In mathematics, ඉරට්ටේ ශ්‍රිත හා ඔත්තේ ශ්‍රිත are ශ්‍රිතයs which satisfy particular symmetry relations, with respect to taking additive inverses. They are important in many areas of mathematical analysis, especially the theory of power series and Fourier series. They are named for the parity of the powers of the power functions which satisfy each condition: the function f(x) = xn is an even function if n is an even integer, and it is an odd function if n is an odd integer.

ඉරට්ටේ ශ්‍රිත

Let f(x) be a real-valued function of a real variable. Then f is even if the following equation holds for all x in the domain of f:

ජ්‍යාමිතිකව , ඉරට්ටෙ ශ්‍රිතයක ප්‍රස්තාරයසමිමිතික with respect to the y-axis, meaning that its graph remains unchanged after ප්‍රතිබිම්බය about the y-axis.

ඉරට්ටෙ ශ්‍රිත සඳහා උදාහරණ ලෙස |x|, x2, x4, cos(x), and cosh(x).

ඔත්තේ ශ්‍රිත
Again, let f(x) be a තාත්වික-valued function of a real variable. Then f is odd if the following equation holds for all x in the domain of f:

or

Geometrically, the graph of an odd function has rotational symmetry with respect to the origin, meaning that its graph remains unchanged after rotation of 180 degrees about the origin.

Examples of odd functions are x, x3, sin(x), sinh(x), and erf(x).

සමහර තොරතුරු
Note: A function's being odd or even does not imply differentiability, or even continuity. For example, the Dirichlet function is even, but is nowhere continuous. Properties involving Fourier series, Taylor series, derivatives and so on may only be used when they can be assumed to exist.

මූලික ගුණ
The only function which is both even and odd is the constant function which is identically zero (i.e., f(x) = 0 for all x).
The sum of an even and odd function is neither even nor odd, unless one of the functions is identically zero.
The sum of two even functions is even, and any constant multiple of an even function is even.
The sum of two odd functions is odd, and any constant multiple of an odd function is odd.
The product of two even functions is an even function.
The product of two odd functions is an even function.
The product of an even function and an odd function is an odd function.
The quotient of two even functions is an even function.
The quotient of two odd functions is an even function.
The quotient of an even function and an odd function is an odd function.
The derivative of an even function is odd.
The derivative of an odd function is even.
The composition of two even functions is even, and the composition of two odd functions is odd.
The composition of an even function and an odd function is even.
The composition of any function with an even function is even (but not vice versa).
The integral of an odd function from −A to +A is zero (where A is finite, and the function has no vertical asymptotes between −A and A).
The integral of an even function from −A to +A is twice the integral from 0 to +A (where A is finite, and the function has no vertical asymptotes between −A and A).

ශ්‍රේණි
The Maclaurin series of an even function includes only even powers.
The Maclaurin series of an odd function includes only odd powers.
The Fourier series of a periodic even function includes only cosine terms.
The Fourier series of a periodic odd function includes only sine terms.

වීජීය වියුහය
Any linear combination of even functions is even, and the even functions form a vector space over the reals. Similarly, any linear combination of odd functions is odd, and the odd functions also form a vector space over the reals. In fact, the vector space of all real-valued functions is the direct sum of the subspaces of even and odd functions. In other words, every function f(x) can be written uniquely as the sum of an even function and an odd function:

 where

 is even and

 is odd.

The even functions form a commutative algebra over the reals. However, the odd functions do not form an algebra over the reals.

ප්‍රසංවාද
In signal processing, harmonic distortion occurs when a sine wave signal is multiplied by a non-linear transfer function. The type of harmonics produced depend on the transfer function:
When the transfer function is even, the resulting signal will consist of only even harmonics of the input sine wave;
The fundamental is also an odd harmonic, so will not be present.
A simple example is a full-wave rectifier.
When it is odd, the resulting signal will consist of only odd harmonics of the input sine wave;
The output signal will be half-wave symmetric.
A simple example is clipping in a symmetric push-pull amplifier.
When it is asymmetric, the resulting signal may contain either even or odd harmonics;
A simple example is clipping in an asymmetrical class A amplifier.

යොමුව

තවදුරටත්
Hermitian ශ්‍රිතය සංකීර්ණ සංඛ්‍යා වල සාමාන්‍යයීකරණය සඳහා.
ටේලර් ශ්‍රේණිය
ෆෝරියර් ශ්‍රේණිය

Calculus
Parity
Types of functions

ඉරට්ටේ හා ඔත්තේ ශ්‍රිත


Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich (10 March 190729 October 1969) was the 34th President of Costa Rica from 1962 to 1966.
He was an ethnic Croat, a descendant of Croatian settlers from the town Punat on the island of Krk, Croatia. His villa in Punat is named "Villa Costarica".

Together with his brothers he founded in 1928 FJ Orlich & Hnos Ltda.  (FJ Orlich & Brothers Limited). At first a large supply store in his hometown of San Ramón, this eventually grew to become one of Costa Rica's largest coffee firms.  His half-brother, Franjo Jozef Orlich, the namesake of the firm, moved from Costa Rica to Pennsylvania and worked for Bethlehem Steel as a Pattern Maker in the Castings Plant.

A long-time friend of José Figueres Ferrer, with whom he had traveled together to study in the United States, Orlich was Figueres' second in command within the National Liberation Army in the Costa Rican Civil War.

Following that, the National Liberation Party was founded in the Orlich family farm in La Paz, San Ramón.

He twice served as Public Works Minister (1948–1949, 1953–1957) in Figueres' cabinets. Afterwards he ran for president in 1958, but lost to Mario Echandi Jiménez.  He ran again in 1962, against the defeated 1948 leader Dr Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, and won the presidency.

He was one of the signatories of the agreement to convene a convention for drafting a world constitution. As a result, for the first time in human history, a World Constituent Assembly convened to draft and adopt the Constitution for the Federation of Earth.

Always called by his countrymen 'Don Chico', during his presidency he faced the major eruption of the Irazú volcano, that started just as U.S. President John F. Kennedy was visiting Costa Rica and lasted for over a year, causing major agricultural damage and landslides in the city of Cartago.

Don Chico left the presidency as a well loved figure and died of a stroke three years later.

He died on 29 October 1969 in San José. His wife, Marita Camacho Quirós, is () , thus being the longest living person in Costa Rica and the oldest former First Lady in the world.

References

1907 births
1969 deaths
People from San Ramón, Costa Rica
Costa Rican people of Croatian descent
National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) politicians
Presidents of Costa Rica
Businesspeople in coffee
20th-century Costa Rican politicians
World Constitutional Convention call signatories

Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich


York, Birleşik Krallık'ın İngiltere ülkesinin Yorkshire ve Humber bölgesinde bulunan 1996'dan beri tek-seviyeli-yörel-idare merkezi ve şehir olma statüsüne de haiz bir yerel idare birimi ve yerleşkedir.

Ouse ve Foss nehirlerinin birleştiği noktada bulunan bir şehirdir. 137,505 olan şehir merkezi nüfusu, kırsal alanla birlikte 184,900'dür.

York şehri adını geleneksel Yorkshire vilayetinden almaktadır ve kraliyet seremonileri için ve coğrafi bakımından "Kuzey Yorkshire" kontluğuna dahildir. Geleneksel olarak York şehri, sadece şehir duvarlarının içinde kalan bölge olarak kabul edilse de, 1 Nisan 1996'da oluşturulan tek-seviyeli-yörel-idare bakımdan modern York Şehri bu sınırların dışında bazı ufak yerleşkeleri de ihtiva eder. Şehirdeki en büyük üniversite York Üniversitesi'dir.Ayrıca bu şehir Stirling Köprüsü Savaşı'ndan sonra William Wallace tarafından İskoçlar adına işgal edilmiştir. Ayrıca New York'a ismini veren şehirdir.

İklim

Kardeş şehirler

York Şehri'nin şu resmî kardeş şehir anlaşmaları vardır:

Resimler

York

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 "VR York" websitesi Sanal tarihi York

York


Yosuke Mori (født 25. juli 1985) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder FC Gifu.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Yosuke Mori


fue un meteorólogo japonés, conocido por sus investigaciones sobre el comportamiento de los ciclones tropicales, cuya interacción fue denominada efecto Fujiwhara en su honor.

Biografía
Nació en la ciudad de Suwa, prefectura de Nagano, Fujiwhara se integró al Observatorio Meteorológico Central (actual Agencia Meteorológica de Japón) en 1909 tras completar sus estudios de pregrado en física teórica en la Universidad Imperial de Tokio (actual Universidad de Tokio). Obtuvo su doctorado en 1915 con su trabajo de investigación sobre la anormal propagación de las ondas sonoras, ganando cinco años después el Premio de la Academia de Japón en reconocimiento a su trabajo. Viajó a Noruega en 1920 para estudiar meteorología con Vilhelm Bjerknes.

Tras volver a Japón en 1922, asumió como director general del Instituto Central de Entrenamiento de Meteorólogos (hoy en día, Colegio Meteorológico de Japón). Hizo clases en la Universidad Imperial de Tokio en 1924, y sucedió a Takematsu Okada como el quinto director de la Agencia Meteorológica de Japón, en 1941.

Fujiwhara participó en el desarrollo de la bomba globo durante la Guerra del Pacífico (1937-1945), y fue purgado de su posición tras la conclusión de la guerra. Se retiró al campo para concentrarse en sus escritos, dedicando sus esfuerzos a la educación de las futuras generaciones de meteorólogos e investigando fenómenos meteorológicos como vórtices, nubes y la óptica atmosférica. También encabezó estudios sobre los planeadores en Japón, y se convirtió en miembro de la Academia de Japón en 1937.

Obras publicadas
, Iwanami Shoten Publishing, 1926
, Iwanami Shoten Publishing, 1929
, 1932
, 1932
, 1933
, Iwanami Shoten Publishing, 1935
, Iwanami Shoten Publishing, 1935
, 1939
, Iwanami Shoten Publishing, 1942
, 1947
, Sanseido, 1948
, 1948
, Iwanami Shoten Publishing, 1949
, 1950
, Iwanami Shoten Publishing, 1951
, Sanseido, 1955
, Iwanami Shoten Publishing
, Iwanami Shoten Publishing
, Iwanami Shoten Publishing

Notas

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Biography from Ninohe city civic center website

Meteorólogos de Japón
Japoneses del siglo XX
Miembros de la Academia Japonesa

Sakuhei Fujiwhara


L'aéroport de Niuafoʻou, également appelé aéroport de la reine Lavinia (en tongien , en anglais ) est un aéroport situé sur l'île de Niuafoʻou, au nord des Tonga. Créé en 1980, c'est une piste en herbe, ce qui rend son accès difficile. Il permet de relier Niuafoʻou au reste des Tonga, notamment l'aéroport de Vava'u et l'aéroport international Fuaʻamotu à Tongatapu.

Caractéristiques

L'aéroport consiste en une piste en herbe de 853 mètres, situé au nord de l'île, près des villages de 'Esia, Sapa'ata et Kolofo'ou. Il est nommé en l'honneur de Lavinia Veiongo, reine des Tonga de 1899 à 1902. Il est géré par Tonga Airports Ltd, entreprise possédée par le gouvernement tongien.

L'accès à l'aéroport est limité : l'avion ne peut atterrir que de jour, par beau temps et sans vent, et si l'herbe de la piste a été tondue. L'aéroport est fermé en 1993 à cause de manguiers qui ont poussé sur la piste. S'il pleut, la piste est inondée et impraticable. C'est le cas notamment en 2015 après de fortes pluies, les habitants se plaignent de ce problème récurrent qui persiste en 2017.

Historique
La piste a été établie en 1980 afin de rendre l'île plus accessible ; en effet, Niuafoʻou ne possède pas d'endroit permettant d'y débarquer en bateau. Lorsque Niuafo'ou obtient en 1983 l'autorisation d'émettre ses propres timbres, la première édition commémore la construction de l'aéroport, preuve de son importance pour la population. L'avion permet de ravitailler l'île et d'apporter le courrier, qui était jusque-là acheminé dans des boîtes de conserves, donnant à l'île son surnom de .

Dans les années 1980, le service est assuré par la compagnie Friendly Islands Airways. Des travaux d'entretien sont prévus dans les années 1990. En 2004, la piste est étendue pour permettre aux avions de la compagnie Peau Vava'u (2004-2007) d'y atterrir. La compagnie aérienne  (2013-2020) effectue quelques vols vers  et , mais les tarifs sont élevés voire prohibitifs. La compagnie cesse ses activités en 2020 à cause de problèmes financiers et est remplacée par la compagnie gouvernementale Lulutai Airlines en septembre 2020. La pandémie de covid-19 provoque l'arrêt des vols intérieurs en novembre 2021 à la suite de l'arrivée d'un passager malade.

En 2021, un projet de la banque mondiale pour l'amélioration des transports à Tonga prévoit d'allouer des fonds à la rénovation de l'aéroport.

Références

Aéroport aux Tonga

Aéroport de Niuafoʻou


Sonja Jurić (Zagreb, 20. kolovoza 1973.), hrvatska književnica iz Mostara.

Biografija
Osnovnu i srednju školu završila je u Mostaru gdje je i diplomirala na Filozofskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Mostaru. Magistar je hrvatskog jezika i književnosti i trenutno je na doktorskom poslijediplomskom studiju "Jezici i kulture u kontaktu", smjer kroatistika, na Sveučilištu u Mostaru. Objavljivala je knjige poezije, slikovnice i knjige priča za djecu. Pjesme i priče su joj prevedene na engleski, njemački, talijanski, makedonski i slovenski jezik. Nagrađivana je na Šimićevim susretima u Drinovcima 2006. godine. Nominirana je za nagradu Astrid Lindgren (koju svake godine dodjeljuje Swedish Arts Council u Stockholmu za autore koji daju doprinos na polju dječje književnosti) za 2018. godinu uime Bosne i Hercegovine.

Poeziju je objavljivala u časopisima: Diwan, Dubrovnik, Hrvatsko slovo, Izraz, Književnik, Osvit, Marulić, Mogućnosti, Mostariensia, Motrišta, Putevi, Riječ i Život.

Članica je Društva pisaca BiH, Matice hrvatske Mostar, HKD Napredak Mostar i Društva hrvatskih književnika Herceg Bosne. Živi u Mostaru gdje na Filozofskom fakultetu radi kao asistentica na Metodici nastave književnosti.

Bibliografija
 Let u TROstihu (DHK HB, 2008.), suautorska zbirka poezije
 Nevidljivi prsten (Synopsis Sarajevo - Synopsis Zagreb, 2009.), zbirka pjesama
 Usamljeni lav (Mostar, 2010.), dvojezična slikovnica (hrvatski i engleski jezik)
 Prodo, razigrani bumbar (Mostar, 2011.), dvojezična slikovnica (hrvatski i engleski jezik)
 Suncokret pognute glave (Mostar, 2011.), dvojezična slikovnica (hrvatski i engleski jezik)
 Proljeće opet dolijeće (OMH Čitluk - OMH Dubrovnik, 2012.), zbirka priča za djecu
 Božićni dar (Mostar, 2012.),  trojezična slikovnica (hrvatski, talijanski i engleski jezik)
 Pipo, najmanji medvjed na svijetu (Mostar, 2013.), dvojezična slikovnica (hrvatski i engleski jezik)
 More, nebo i zvijezde (Mostar, 2013.), trojezična slikovnica (hrvatski, njemački i engleski jezik)
 Kako je Denis postao štediša (Mostar, 2013.), dvojezična slikovnica (hrvatski i engleski jezik)
 Priča o Steli, morskoj zvijezdi (Mostar, 2014.), dvojezična slikovnica (hrvatski i engleski jezik)
 Biti dijete (OMH Čitluk - OMH Dubrovnik, 2014.), knjiga priča za djecu
 Osmijeh moje sestre (Mostar, 2014.), trojezična slikovnica (hrvatski, talijanski i engleski jezik)
 Usamljeni lav (II. izdanje, Mostar, 2015.), dvojezična slikovnica (hrvatski i engleski jezik)

 Na krilima ljubavi (Alfa, Zagreb, 2016.), knjiga priča za djecu
 Iste smo ljubavi ti i ja (Save The Children, Sarajevo, 2016.) knjiga priča za djecu (objavila je zajedno s Feridom Duraković i Tanjom Stupar-Trifunović u okviru projekta Save The Children)
 Malene basne ( "Vedri osmijeh", Mostar, 2016.), knjiga priča za djecu
 Odmori se, mama (Mostar, 2017.), slikovnica
 Razigrani bumbar (II. izdanje, Mostar, 2017.), dvojezična slikovnica (hrvatski i engleski jezik)
 Moj brat i ja (Mostar, 2017.) dvojezična slikovnica (hrvatski i engleski jezik)
 Najveća pobjeda moga tate (Humanitarna udruga fra Mladen Hrkać, Zagreb, 2018.), slikovnica
 Glazba morskih orgulja (Humanitarna udruga fra Mladen Hrkać, Zagreb, 2018.), slikovnica

Slikovnice na engleskome jeziku:

- The Yellow Umbrella (2013.)

- Pipo, the Smallest Bear and Other Stories (2013.)

- Little Stories by Sonja Jurić (2015.)

(dostupne su na www.smashwords.com)

Izvori

Hrvatski pjesnici iz Bosne i Hercegovine
Hrvatski pisci za djecu iz Bosne i Hercegovine
Životopisi, Zagreb
Životopisi, Mostar

Sonja Jurić


Günyamaç, Sivas ilinin Hafik ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1877 yılı kayıtlarında Ermenicede "alçıkale" anlamına gelen Pırapert olarak geçmekte iken, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında Pirebürt olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Sivas il merkezine 43 km, Hafik ilçe merkezine 7 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Hafik belde ve köyleri

Günyamaç, Hafik


Die evangelische Kirche in Rittersbach, einem Ortsteil der Gemeinde Elztal im Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis im nördlichen Baden-Württemberg, wurde 1854 errichtet.

Geschichte
Rittersbach wurde als kurpfälzischer Ort zwar im späten 16. Jahrhundert calvinistisch reformiert, war nach dem Dreißigjährigen Krieg jedoch überwiegend katholisch geprägt. Die alte, bereits im 14. Jahrhundert erwähnte Kirche des Ortes (der Vorgängerbau der heutigen Georgskirche) stand seit der Reformation – mit Ausnahme einiger Jahre während des Dreißigjährigen Krieges, als der Ort zeitweilig zum katholischen Bayern zählte – der reformierten Gemeinde zu. 1698 wurde schließlich das Simultaneum eingeführt, das auch der zahlenmäßig größeren katholischen Gemeinde die Nutzung der alten Kirche ermöglichte. 1705 bekam die katholische Gemeinde letztlich die Kirche zugesprochen. Die zahlenmäßig geringe reformierte Gemeinde erhielt einen Raum im Rathaus für ihre Gottesdienste und richtete sich 1742 einen Betsaal in einem ursprünglich als Schulhaus geplanten Gebäude an der Mittelstraße ein. Bis 1850 wuchs die reformierte Gemeinde auf 70 Personen an. Der alte Betsaal wurde zu klein, gleichzeitig war das Gebäude stark baufällig geworden, war nach Expertenmeinung das schlechteste Gebäude im Ort und drohte einzustürzen.

Im Jahr 1853 gab der evangelische Oberkirchenrat 600 Gulden aus einer Baukollekte zum Neubau einer Kirche auf einem Grundstück südöstlich der Ortsmitte, an der 1849 fertiggestellten neuen Staatsstraße (der heutigen B 27), zu der hin der Ort sich seit jener Zeit zu orientieren begann. Der Baubeginn war am 15. Mai 1854. Die Pläne für die Kirche stammten von Bauinspektor Lutz aus Mosbach. Die ursprüngliche Planung sah eine Grundfläche von 30 Fuß Länge und 24 Fuß Breite vor. Bereits beim Aushub der Baugrube zeigte sich die reformierte Gemeinde erschrocken über die kleine Dimension des Gebäudes, so dass rasch eine Erweiterung des Kirchenraumes um 10 Fuß Länge und 6 Fuß Breite beantragt und genehmigt wurde, woraufhin die Kirche in ihrer heutigen Gestalt errichtet wurde.

Beschreibung
Die evangelische Kirche ist ein einschiffiges, turmloses Gebäude mit Dachreiter und einer kleinen, nach Südosten ausgerichteten Chorapsis. Der heutige Dachreiter hat 1909 den kleineren ursprünglichen Dachreiter ersetzt. Im Tympanon über dem Hauptportal befindet sich eine Inschrift mit Angabe des Baujahres 1854.

Im Dachreiter befindet sich ein 1952 bei der Glockengießerei Bachert in Heilbronn gegossenes Geläut aus zwei Bronzeglocken. Zuvor wurden zwei Sätze aus jeweils zwei Glocken im Ersten und Zweiten Weltkrieg eingeschmolzen.

Literatur
 Karl Wilhelm Beichert, Werner Blesch: Rittersbach. Ein Gang durch das Dorf und seine Geschichte. Neckarburken 1993.

Rittersbach
Elztal (Odenwald)
Elztal
Elztal
Kirchengebäude in Europa
Kulturdenkmal in Elztal (Odenwald)

Evangelische Kirche (Rittersbach)


Olaylar
 1529 - I. Süleyman'ın komuta ettiği Osmanlı Ordusu, Viyana Kuşatması'nı kaldırdı.
 1793 - Fransız Devriminde vatan hainliği ile suçlanan Marie Antoinette giyotinle idam edildi.
 1730 - Sadrazam Nevşehirli İbrahim Paşa, Patrona Halil İsyanı'nı çıkaranların istekleri doğrultusunda Padişah III. Ahmet tarafından boğduruldu.
 1889 - İngiltere'nin futbol kulübü olan Brentford FC kuruldu.
 1916 - Margaret Sanger, ilk doğum kontrol kliniğini New York'ta kurdu.
 1924 - Topkapı Sarayı müze olarak ziyarete açıldı.
 1940 - Varşova gettosu Nazi SS birlikleri tarafından kuruldu.
 1945 - Tarihe Ankara Cinayeti olarak geçen, üst düzey bürokratların adının karıştığı cinayet gerçekleşti.
 1949 - Yunan İç Savaşı sona erdi.
 1951 - Pakistan'ın ilk başbakanı Liyakat Ali Han, Ravalpindi'de suikast sonucu öldürüldü.
 1964 - Çin, ilk atom bombasını patlatarak dünyanın 4. nükleer gücü oldu.
 1978 - Polonyalı kardinal Karol Wojtla, II. Jean Paul olarak Papa seçildi.
 1986 - Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü'nü Nijeryalı yazar Wole Soyinka verildi.
 1990 - Sovyetler Birliği başkanı Gorbaçov, serbest piyasa ekonomisi'''ne geçileceğini açıkladı.
 1992 - Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri, Irak'ın kuzeyindeki Haftanin bölgesinde sınır ötesi harekât başlattı.
 1995 - Garry Kasparov, bir ay süren satranç turnuvasında rakibi Viswanathan Anand'ı yendi.
 2002 - Irak devlet başkanı Saddam Hüseyin, 7 yıllık yeni görev süresi için düzenlenen halk oylamasında oyların tamamını aldı.
 2002 - Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Başkanı George W. Bush, ABD kongresinin onayladığı, Irak'a savaş açma yetkisi veren kararı imzaladı.

 Doğumlar
 1430 - II. James, 1437'den itibaren İskoç kralı (ö. 1460)
 1622 - Pierre Puget, Fransız ressam, heykeltıraş, mimar ve mühendis (ö. 1694)
 1714 - Giovanni Arduino, İtalyan jeolog (ö. 1795)
 1752 - Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, Alman tarihçi ve teolog, ahit eleştirmeni (ö. 1827)
 1758 - Noah Webster, Bir sözlükbilimci, ders kitabı öncüsü, İngilizce yazım reformcusu, politik yazar, editör ve üretken bir yazar (ö. 1843)
 1841 - Itō Hirobumi, Japonya'nın ilk başbakanı olan Japon siyasetçi ve asker (ö. 1909)
 1854 - Karl Kautsky, Alman sosyalist lider ve II. Enternasyonal'in önde gelen teorisyenlerinden (d. 1938)
 1854 - Oscar Wilde, Dorian Gray'in Portresi'' adlı romanıyla tanınan İrlanda doğumlu İngiliz yazar (ö. 1900)
 1855 - Samet bey Mehmandarov, Azeri topçu generali (ö. 1931)
 1861 - J. B. Bury, İrlandalı tarihçi, Orta çağ Roma tarihçisi ve Filolojist (ö. 1927)
 1863 - Austen Chamberlain, 1924-1929 yılları arasında Birleşik Krallık Dışişleri Bakanı olarak görev yapmış olan İngiliz siyasetçi (ö. 1937)
 1884 - Rembrandt Bugatti, İtalyan heykeltıraş (ö. 1916)
 1886 - David Ben-Gurion, İsrail devletinin kurucusu ve ilk başbakanı (ö. 1973)
 1888 - Eugene O'Neill, Amerikalı oyun yazarı ve Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü sahibi (ö. 1953)
 1890 - Michael Collins, İrlanda bağımsızlık mücadelesi kahramanlarından (ö. 1922)
 1890 - Paul Strand, Amerikalı fotoğraf sanatçısı (ö. 1976)
 1891 - Behzat Butak, Türk tiyatro sanatçısı (ö. 1963)
 1898 - William O. Douglas, hukuk eğitmeni ve ABD Yüksek Mahkemesi yargıcı (ö. 1980)
 1898 - Othmar Pferschy, Cumhuriyet Türkiyesi'ni fotoğraflarıyla ilk kez çok yönlü olarak belgeleyen ve tanıtan Avusturyalı fotoğrafçı (ö. 1984)
 1906 - León Klimovsky, Arjantinli senarist ve film yapımcısı (ö. 1996)
 1908 - Enver Hoca, Arnavutluk Devlet Başkanı (ö. 1985)
 1918 - Géori Boué, Fransız kadın soprano ve opera sanatçısı (ö. 2017)
 1918 - Louis Althusser, Fransız marksist düşünür (ö. 1990)
 1925 - Angela Lansbury, İngiliz oyuncu (ö. 2022)
 1927 - Eileen Ryan,  Amerikalı oyuncu (ö. 2022)
 1927 - Günter Grass, Alman yazar ve Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü sahibi (ö. 2015)
 1928 - Mary Daly, Amerikalı radikal feminist filozof, akademisyen ve din bilimci (ö. 2010)
 1928 - Ann Morgan Guilbert, Amerikalı sinema ve dizi oyuncusu (ö. 2016)
 1930 - Patricia Jones, Kanadalı atlet
 1936 - Andrey Çikatilo, Sovyet seri katil (ö. 1994)
 1939 - Amancio Amaro, İspanyol profesyonel futbolcu (ö. 2023)
 1940 - Barry Corbin, Amerikalı aktör
 1940 - Dave DeBusschere, Amerikalı profesyonel basketbolcu (ö. 2003)
 1946 - Geoff Barnett, İngiliz profesyonel futbolcu (ö. 2021)
 1946 - Suzanne Somers, Amerikalı oyuncu, şarkıcı ve iş insanı
 1952 - Crazy Mohan, Hint aktör, komedyen, senarist ve oyun yazarı (ö. 2019)
 1952 - Coşkun Sabah, Türk müzisyen
 1953 - Giuliano Terraneo, İtalyan futbolcu
 1953 - Paulo Roberto Falcão, Brezilyalı eski futbolcu ve teknik direktör
 1954 - Corinna Harfouch, Alman oyuncu
 1957 - Erdem Sökmen, Türk müzisyen ve gitarist
 1958 - Tim Robbins, Amerikalı oyuncu, senaryo yazarı ve yönetmen
 1961 - Konca Kuriş, Türk müslüman feminist yazar
 1962 - Manute Bol, Sudan doğumlu Amerikalı basketbolcu ve siyasi aktivist (ö. 2010)
 1962 - Flea, ABD asıllı Avustralyalı bas gitarist
 1962 - Dmitri Hvorostovski, Rus bariton (ö. 2017)
 1962 - Umut Oran, Türk siyasetçi
 1968 - Elsa Zylberstein, Fransız sinema, dizi ve tiyatro oyuncusu
 1970 - Mehmet Scholl, Alman futbolcu
 1971 - Chad Gray, Ameriklı müzisyen
 1974 - Aurela Gaçe, Arnavut şarkıcı
 1975 - Kellie Martin, Amerikalı oyuncu
 1977 - John Mayer, Amerikalı müzisyen
 1978 - Ahmet Kutalmış Türkeş, Türk siyasetçi
 1979 - İlker Ayrık, Türk oyuncu, sunucu ve yönetmen
 1981 - Brea Grant, Amerikalı oyuncu
 1982 - Gamze Karaman, Türk hentbolcu, model, oyuncu ve sunucu
 1982 - Cristian Riveros, Paraguaylı millî futbolcu
 1983 - Loreen, Fas asıllı İsveçli Şarkıcı Müzik prodüktörü (2012 Eurovision 1.si)
 1983 - Kenny Omega, Kanadalı profesyonel güreşçi
 1985 - Verena Sailer, Alman eski kısa mesafe koşucusu
 1985 - Casey Stoner, Avustralyalı 2007 ve 2011 MotoGP şampiyonu emekli profesyonel motosikletçi
 1986 - Bart Buysse, Belçikalı futbolcu
 1986 - Inna, Rumen şarkıcı
 1988 - Zoltán Stieber, Macar millî futbolcu
 1992 - Kostas Fortunis, Yunan millî futbolcu
 1997 - Charles Leclerc, Monakolu Formula 1 pilotu
 1997 - Naomi Osaka, Japon profesyonel tenis oyuncusu

Ölümler
 976 - II. Hakem, 961-976 yılları arasında Kurtuba Halifesi (d. 915)
 1284 - Şemseddin Cüveyni, İlhanlı hükümdarı Abaka Han zamanında yaşamış zamanının vezirlerinden biri
 1591 - XIV. Gregorius, 5 Aralık 1590 - 16 Ekim 1591 döneminde Katolik kilisesi Papası (d. 1535)
 1660 - John Cooke, İngiliz İç Savaşının ardından kurulan İngiltere Topluluğu'nun ilk başsavcısı (d. 1608)
 1680 - Raimondo Montecuccoli, İtalyan general (d. 1609)
 1730 - Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Paşa, Osmanlı sadrazamı (d. 1660)
 1791 - Grigori Potyomkin, Rus generali, devlet adamı ve Çariçe II. Katerina'nın sevgilisi (d. 1739)
 1793 - Marie Antoinette, Fransa Kraliçesi (giyotinle idam edildi) (d. 1755)
 1909 - Jakub Bart Cisinski, Alman yazar (d. 1856)
 1937 - Jean de Brunhoff, Fransız yazar ve illüstratör (d. 1899)
 1939 - Mehmet Ali Bey, Damat Ferit Paşa kabinesinin dahiliye nazırı (d. 1874)
 1941 - Gabriele Reuter, Alman edebiyatçı (d. 1859)
 1946 - Hans Frank, 1920'li ve 1930'lu yıllarda Nasyonal Sosyalist Alman İşçi Partisi için çalışmış Alman avukat (d. 1900)
 1946 - Wilhelm Frick, Nazi Almanyası İçişleri Bakanı (d. 1877)
 1946 - Alfred Jodl, Alman Generaloberst
 1946 - Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Nazi Almanyası'nda Profesör Doktor, General ve Nazi Partisinin önde gelenlerindendi (d. 1903)
 1946 - Wilhelm Keitel, Alman subay (d. 1882)
 1946 - Alfred Rosenberg, Alman siyasetçi (d. 1893)
 1946 - Fritz Sauckel, II. Dünya Savaşı'nda, Alman savaş suçlusu (d. 1894)
 1946 - Arthur Seyß-Inquart, Avusturyalı nasyonal sosyalist siyasetçi (d. 1892)
 1946 - Julius Streicher, Nazi Almanyası'nda antisemitist ideolog ve demagog (d. 1885)
 1946 - Joachim von Ribbentrop, Nazi Almanyası Dışişleri Bakanı ve diplomat (d. 1893)
 1951 - Liyakat Ali Han, Pakistan'ın ilk Başbakanı (suikast) (d. 1895)
 1956 - Jules Rimet, Fransız FIFA başkanı (d. 1873)
 1956 - Jack Southworth, İngiliz futbolcu (d. 1866)
 1959 - George Catlett Marshall, Amerikalı asker ve devlet adamı (d. 1880)
 1962 - Gaston Bachelard, Fransız filozof ve yazar (d. 1884)
 1978 - Dan Dailey, Amerikalı dansçı ve oyuncu (d. 1915)
 1981 - Moşe Dayan, İsrailli general ve siyasetçi (d. 1915)
 1988 - Güneri Tecer, Türk sanat müziği sanatçısı (d. 1933)
 1989 - Cornel Wilde, Amerikalı oyuncu (d. 1915)
 1992 - Shirley Booth, Amerikalı tiyatro, sinema, radyo ve televizyon oyuncusu (d. 1898)
 1994 - Raúl Juliá, Porto Rikolu oyuncu (d. 1940)
 1996 - Eric Malpass, İngiliz romancı (d. 1910)
 1997 - James A. Michener, Amerikalı yazar (d. 1907)
 2003 - Avni Arbaş, Türk ressam (d. 1919)
 2003 - Stu Hart, Kanadalı profesyonel güreşçi ve eğitmen (d. 1915)
 2006 - Füsun Sayek, Türk Tabipler Birliği başkanlığını yapmış göz doktoru (d. 1947)
 2007 - Toşe Proeski, Makedon şarkıcı (d. 1981)
 2007 - Deborah Kerr, İskoç kökenli İngiliz sinema ve sahne oyuncusu (d. 1921)
 2010 - Barbara Billingsley, Amerikalı oyuncu ve seslendirme sanatçısı (d. 1915)
 2011 - Dan Wheldon, İngiliz yarış pilotu (d. 1978)
 2013 - Ed Lauter, Amerikalı oyuncu (d. 1938)
 2015 - Memduh Ün, Türk futbolcu, sinema yönetmeni, oyuncu, senarist ve yapımcı (d. 1920)
 2017 - Daphne Caruana Galizia, Maltalı gazeteci ve blogger (d. 1964)
 2017 - Sean Hughes, Britanyalı oyuncu, komedyen ve yazar (d. 1965)
 2018 - Walter Huddleston, Amerikalı siyasetçi (d. 1926)
 2018 - Dimitar Petrov, Bulgar film yönetmen (d. 1924)
 2019 - Ed Beck, Amerikalı profesyonel basketbol oyuncusu (d. 1936)
 2019 - Ángel Pérez García, İspanyol profesyonel futbolcu ve teknik direktör (d. 1957)
 2020 - László Branikovits, Macar profesyonel futbolcu (d. 1949)
 2020 - Johnny Bush, Amerikalı country şarkıcısı, söz yazarı ve müzisyen (d. 1935)
 2020 - Anthony Chisholm, Amerikalı aktör (d. 1943)
 2020 - Markar Esayan, Ermeni-Çerkes asıllı Türk yazar, gazeteci ve siyasetçi (d. 1969)
 2020 - Itzhak Ilan, Gürcistan doğumlu İsrailli istihbarat uzmanı (d. 1956)
 2020 - James Redford, Amerikalı belgesel film yapımcısı, yönetmen, senarist ve çevre aktivisti (d. 1962)
 2021 - Léo Boivin, Kanadalı profesyonel buz hokeyi oyuncusu ve antrenörü (d. 1932)
 2021 - Denise Bryer, İngiliz aktris ve dublaj sanatçısı (d. 1928)
 2021 - Felipe Cazals, Meksikalı bir film yönetmeni, senarist ve yapımcıdır (d. 1937)
 2021 - Betty Lynn, Amerikalı eski aktris (d. 1926)
 2022 - Katherine Duncan-Jones, Şekspir konusunda uzman İngiliz eğitimci, filozof ve yazar (d. 1941)
 2022 - Lee Yong-hui, Güney Koreli asker ve siyasetçi (d. 1931)
 2022 - Cyrus Mann, Amerikalı profesyonel basketbol oyuncusu (d. 1956)
 2022 - Josef Somr, Çek aktör (d. 1934)
 2023 - Martti Ahtisaari, Fin siyasetçi ve Nobel Barış Ödülü sahibi (d. 1937)

Tatiller ve özel günler

1016
16

16 Ekim


In mathematics, the Dedekind eta function, named after Richard Dedekind, is a modular form of weight 1/2 and is a function defined on the upper half-plane of complex numbers, where the imaginary part is positive. It also occurs in bosonic string theory.

Definition
For any complex number  with , let ; then the eta function is defined by,

Raising the eta equation to the 24th power and multiplying by  gives

where  is the modular discriminant.  The presence of 24 can be understood by connection with other occurrences, such as in the 24-dimensional Leech lattice.

The eta function is holomorphic on the upper half-plane but cannot be continued analytically beyond it.

The eta function satisfies the functional equations

In the second equation the branch of the square root is chosen such that  when .

More generally, suppose  are integers with , so that

is a transformation belonging to the modular group.  We may assume that either , or  and .  Then

where

Here  is the Dedekind sum

Because of these functional equations the eta function is a modular form of weight  and level 1 for a certain character of order 24 of the metaplectic double cover of the modular group, and can be used to define other modular forms. In particular the modular discriminant of Weierstrass can be defined as

and is a modular form of weight 12. Some authors omit the factor of , so that the series expansion has integral coefficients.

The Jacobi triple product implies that the eta is (up to a factor) a Jacobi theta function for special values of the arguments:

where  is "the" Dirichlet character modulo 12 with  and . Explicitly,

The Euler function

has a power series by the Euler identity:

Because the eta function is easy to compute numerically from either power series, it is often helpful in computation to express other functions in terms of it when possible, and products and quotients of eta functions, called eta quotients, can be used to express a great variety of modular forms.

The picture on this page shows the modulus of the Euler function: the additional factor of  between this and eta makes almost no visual difference whatsoever.  Thus, this picture can be taken as a picture of eta as a function of .

Combinatorial identities
The theory of the algebraic characters of the affine Lie algebras gives rise to a large class of previously unknown identities for the eta function. These identities follow from the Weyl–Kac character formula, and more specifically from the so-called "denominator identities". The characters themselves allow the construction of generalizations of the Jacobi theta function which transform under the modular group; this is what leads to the identities. An example of one such new identity is

where  is the -analog or "deformation" of the highest weight of a module.

Special values
From the above connection with the Euler function together with the special values of the latter, it can be easily deduced that

Eta quotients
Eta quotients are defined by quotients of the form

where  is a non-negative integer and  is any integer. Linear combinations of eta quotients at imaginary quadratic arguments may be algebraic, while combinations of eta quotients may even be integral. For example, define,

with the 24th power of the Weber modular function . Then,

and so on, values which appear in Ramanujan–Sato series.

Eta quotients may also be a useful tool for describing bases of modular forms, which are notoriously difficult to compute and express directly. In 1993 Basil Gordon and Kim Hughes proved that if an eta quotient  of the form given above, namely  satisfies

then  is a weight  modular form for the congruence subgroup  (up to holomorphicity) where

This result was extended in 2019 such that the converse holds for cases when  is coprime to 6, and it remains open that the original theorem is sharp for all integers .  This also extends to state that any modular eta quotient for any  level  congruence subgroup must also be a modular form for the group . While these theorems characterize modular eta quotients, the condition of  holomorphicity must be checked separately using a theorem that emerged from the work of Gérard Ligozat and Yves Martin:

If  is an eta quotient satisfying the above conditions for the integer  and  and  are coprime integers, then the order of vanishing at the  cusp  relative to  is

These theorems provide an effective means of creating holomorphic modular eta quotients, however this may not be sufficient to construct a basis for a vector space of modular forms and cusp forms. A useful theorem for limiting the number of modular eta quotients to consider states that a holomorphic weight  modular eta quotient on  must satisfy

where  denotes the largest integer  such that  divides .
These results lead to several characterizations of spaces of modular forms that can be spanned by modular eta quotients. Using the graded ring structure on the ring of modular forms, we can compute bases of vector spaces of modular forms composed of -linear combinations of eta-quotients. For example, if we assume  is a semiprime then the following process can be used to compute an eta-quotient basis of .

A collection of over 6300 product identities for the Dedekind Eta Function in a canonical, standardized form is available at the Wayback machine of Michael Somos' website.

See also

 Chowla–Selberg formula
 Ramanujan–Sato series
 q-series
 Weierstrass's elliptic functions
 Partition function
 Kronecker limit formula
 Affine Lie algebra

References

Further reading

Fractals
Modular forms
Elliptic functions

Dedekind eta function


An Tribolium ciliare in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Otto Stapf, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Stephen Andrew Renvoize. An Tribolium ciliare in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tribolium, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Tribolium (Poaceae)

Tribolium ciliare


Ant Etkenmen (Türkçe: Ant Etmişim), Kırım Halk Cumhuriyeti'nin ve Kırım Tatarlarının ulusal marşıdır.

Tarihi
Ant Etkenmen'in sözleri Numan Çelebi Cihan tarafından, Kırım Tatarcası'nın Nogay Lehçesi'nde 3 kıtalık bir şiir halinde yazılmıştır. Marşın bestesi anonim olup sadece marşın son kıtası ulusal marş olarak söylenmekte, bu kıtanın her dizesi nakarat olarak tekrar edilmektedir. Ant Etkenmen, 9 Aralık 1917 günü Bahçesaray'daki Hansaray'da açılan Kurultay'da bando tarafından çalınmıştır. Bundan sonra Kırım Tatarları tarafından kullanılmaya başlamıştır. 30 Haziran 1991 tarihinde Kırım Tatarlarının ulusal marşı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Marş, Rusça'ya Lilâ Bucurova tarafından çevirilmiştir.

Marşın Sözleri

Ant etkenmen milletimniñ yarasını sarmağa
Nasıl olsun eki qardaş birbirini körmesin?
Onlar içün ökünmesem, muğaymasam, yaşasam
Közlerimden aqqan yaşlar derya-deñiz qan bolsun.

Ant etkenmen şu qaranğı yurtqa şavle sepmege,
Nasıl bolsun bu zavallı qardaşlarım iñlesin?
Bunu körüp buvsanmasam, muğaymasam, yanmasam
Yuregimde qara qanlar qaynamasın, qurusın.

Ant etkenmen, söz bergenmen millet içün ölmege
Bilip, körüp, milletimniñ köz yaşını silmege.
Bilmey körmey, biñ yaşasam, qurultaylı han bolsam,
Kene bir kun mezarcılar kelir meni kömmege.

Türkiye Türkçesi'ndeki karşılığı

Ant etmişim milletimin yarasını sarmaya,

Nasıl olur da, iki kardeş birbirini görmesin?

Onlar için üzülmesem, kaygılanmasam, yaşasam,

Gözlerimden akan yaşlar derya deniz kan olsun!

Ant etmişim şu karanlık yurda ışık saçmaya,

Nasıl olsun bu zavallı kardeşlerim çürüsün?

Bunu görüp bunalmazsam, üzülmesem, yanmasam,

Yüreğimde kara kanlar kaynamasın, kurusun!

Ant etmişim, söz vermişim millet için ölmeye,

Bilip, görüp milletimin gözyaşını silmeye.

Bilmeden, görmeden bin (yıl) yaşasam, kurultaylı han olsam,

Gene bir gün mezarcılar gelir beni gömmeye

Notlar

Dış bağlantılar
 Kırım Milli Marşı videosu  Youtube üzerinden.

Ulusal Marşı
Ulusal marşlar

Ant Etkenmen


Crkva sv. Barbare u Velikoj Mlaki, rimokatolička crkva u mjestu Velika Mlaka, i gradu Velika Gorica, zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Drvena crkva sv. Barbare smještena je u zapadnom dijelu naselja Velika Mlaka. Njezina gradnja započela je 1642., a nakon brojnih dogradnji tijekom idućih stoljeća konačan oblik dobiva 1912. godine prigradnjom pristašeka ispred južnog ulaza. To je jednobrodna drvena građevina s trostrano završenim svetištem te pravokutnim zvonikom iznad glavnog pročelja. Njezina unutrašnjost u potpunosti je oslikana baroknim vegetabilnim i figurativnim motivima među kojima se ističe ikonografski prikaz sv. Kümmernisse, vrlo rijedak na hrvatskom području. Predstavlja reprezentativni primjerak turopoljske pučke graditeljske baštine.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-2439 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Građevine u Velikoj Gorici
Zaštićene sakralne građevine u Zagrebačkoj županiji
Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj

Crkva sv. Barbare u Velikoj Mlaki


Destiny Usman Garuba Alari (Madrid, 9 de março de 2002) é um jogador espanhol de basquete profissional que atualmente joga no Golden State Warriors da National Basketball Association (NBA).

Filho de pais nigerianos, ele ingressou nas categorias de base do Real Madrid aos 11 anos. Em 2019, aos 17 anos, ele se tornou o titular mais jovem da história do clube. Na temporada de 2020-21, Garuba foi nomeado o Rising Star da EuroLeague e o Melhor Jogador Jovem da Liga ACB. No draft da NBA de 2021, ele foi selecionado pelo Houston Rockets como a 23ª escolha geral.

Início da vida e carreira juvenil
Garuba cresceu jogando futebol, sua paixão original, mas mudou para o basquete porque sua altura excepcional limitava seu sucesso no antigo esporte. Em novembro de 2011, ele ingressou na Escuela Municipal de Baloncesto de Azuqueca, onde o treinador e coordenador David Serrano o ajudou a iniciar sua carreira no basquete.

Em 2013, Garuba ingressou nas categorias de base do Real Madrid. Ele tinha 1,89 m e pesava 81 kg quando tinha 12 anos. Em 2015, Garuba ajudou seu time a vencer a Minicopa Endesa, um torneio de clubes espanhóis Sub-14. No ano seguinte, Garuba levou o Real Madrid a mais um título da Minicopa e foi eleito o MVP da competição. Ele teve média de 22,8 rebotes no torneio, tendo 32 rebotes contra o Joventut Badalona na final.

Em fevereiro de 2018, Garuba teve sua primeira experiência no Adidas Next Generation Tournament (ANGT) com a equipe Sub-18 do Real Madrid nas eliminatórias de Munique. Ele foi nomeado MVP do torneio depois de ter médias de 16,5 pontos, sete rebotes e 3,8 assistências.

Carreira profissional

Real Madrid (2017–2021)
Na temporada de 2017-18, Garuba jogou pelo Real Madrid B, o time reserva do Real Madrid na Liga EBA, a quarta divisão da Espanha. Em 11 jogos, ele teve médias de 11,1 pontos, 9,2 rebotes e 1,7 bloqueios. Na temporada de 2018-19, ele continuou a jogar pelo Real Madrid B e teve médias de 14,6 pontos, 12,0 rebotes, 2,1 assistências e 1,5 bloqueios em 22 jogos na Liga EBA. Em 28 de outubro de 2018, aos 16 anos e sete meses de idade, Garuba estreou pelo Real Madrid na Liga ACB contra o Miraflores. Ele se tornou o pivô mais jovem da história da ACB, superando José Ángel Antelo, e o terceiro mais jovem estreante do Real Madrid, atrás de Luka Dončić e Roberto Núñez.

Na temporada de 2019-20, Garuba se tornou um membro em tempo integral da equipe sênior do Real Madrid. Em sua estreia na temporada contra o Joventut Badalona aos 17 anos, seis meses e 19 dias de idade, ele passou Dončić como o titular mais jovem de todos os tempos do Real Madrid. Em 29 de setembro, ele registrou 13 pontos e 10 rebotes em uma vitória sobre o Murcia e se tornou o jogador mais jovem com um duplo-duplo na história da Liga ACB. Em 30 de outubro de 2019, Garuba estreou na Euroliga e registrou 12 pontos, quatro rebotes e três roubos de bola contra o Bayern de Munique. Ele terminou a temporada com médias de 4,4 pontos e 4,4 rebotes e foi selecionado para a Equipe de Novatos da Liga ACB.

Em 18 de abril de 2021, Garuba registrou 14 pontos e 12 rebotes na vitória por 101-92 sobre o Joventut Badalona. Ele ganhou o prêmio de Jogado Jovem da Liga ACB e foi nomeado para a Equipe de Novatos da Liga ACB pela segunda temporada consecutiva. Em 29 de abril, ele registrou 24 pontos e 12 rebotes na vitória por 82-76 sobre o Anadolu Efes no Jogo 4 dos playoffs da EuroLeague. Garuba ganhou o prêmio de Estrela em Ascensão da EuroLeague depois de ter médias de 3,9 pontos e 4,0 rebotes.

Houston Rockets (2021–Presente)
No draft da NBA de 2021, ele foi selecionado pelo Houston Rockets como a 23ª escolha geral. Em 16 de agosto, ele assinou um contrato de 4 anos e US$11.8 milhões com os Rockets. Em 26 de janeiro de 2022, os Rockets anunciou que Garuba havia sido submetido a uma cirurgia bem-sucedida para reparar o pulso esquerdo fraturado e deveria ficar de fora das quadras por seis a oito semanas.

Carreira na seleção

Seleção júnior
Garuba fez sua estreia na Seleção Espanhola no EuroBasket Sub-16 de 2016 em Radom, Polônia. Ele foi nomeado MVP depois de liderar sua equipe a uma medalha de ouro e ter médias de 16,3 pontos, 12,4 rebotes e 2,9 bloqueios. Com 14 anos, Garuba se tornou o primeiro jogador de uma faixa etária mais baixa a ganhar o MVP do torneio. Depois de registrar 15 pontos, 11 rebotes e 10 bloqueios na final contra a Lituânia, ele se juntou a Dario Šarić e Ricky Rubio como os únicos jogadores da história com um triplo-duplo na final do torneio.

No verão de 2017, Garuba não pôde retornar à seleção porque estava se recuperando de uma lesão no joelho sofrida no início daquele ano. No EuroBasket Sub-16 de 2018 em Novi Sad, Sérvia, ele teve médias de 16,3 pontos e 12,3 rebotes e levou a Espanha a uma medalha de prata. Garuba ajudou a Espanha a conquistar uma medalha de ouro no EuroBasket Sub-18 de 2019 em Volos, Grécia, juntando-se a seu companheiro de equipe e MVP, Santi Aldama, no All-Star Five depois de ter médias de 15,6 pontos, 12,9 rebotes e 2,1 bloqueios.

Seleção Sênior
Em 2021, Garuba jogou na Seleção Espanhola nos Jogos Olímpicos de 2020 em Tóquio. Enquanto estava lá, ele foi selecionado pelo Houston Rockets como a 23ª escolha geral no draft da NBA de 2021.

Estatísticas da carreira

NBA

Temporada regular

Vida pessoal
Os pais de Garuba são de Benin City, Nigéria, mas saíram para escapar do conflito em sua cidade natal. Depois de se mudarem inicialmente para Bruxelas, eles se estabeleceram em Madrid na década de 1990. Seu pai, Mustapha, trabalha para uma empresa de manufatura em Azuqueca de Henares, e sua mãe, Betty, trabalha para o programa de emprego da cidade. Garuba tem um irmão mais novo, Sediq, e uma irmã mais nova, Uki.

Ligações externas

 Usman Garuba em eurobasket.com

Basquetebolistas do Real Madrid Baloncesto
Basquetebolistas olímpicos da Espanha
Basquetebolistas do Houston Rockets
Basquetebolistas do Golden State Warriors
Basquetebolistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Pessoas vivas
Nascidos em 2002
Basquetebolistas da Espanha
Naturais de Madrid

Usman Garuba


Le lac Lakelse est un plan d'eau naturel situé dans le bassin de la rivière Lakelse, un petit affluent de la Skeena, dans le district régional de Kitimat-Stikine de la province canadienne de Colombie-Britannique. Deux parcs provinciaux bordent le lac. Une station balnéaire et thermale occupe une grande partie des rives.

Toponymie
Le nom provient d'une anglicisation du terme "Lax Gyels", issu du sm'algyax, une langue autochtone du groupe tshimshian, désignant une moule d'eau douce présente dans le lac. Le terme est attesté dès les années 1910.

Hydrographie

Morphologie
Le lac occupe  au sud de l'intersection de la vallée de la Skeena et de la dépression tectonique de Kitimat-Kitsumkalum. Le lac s'étend en longueur sur  et en largeur sur 1 à  environ. Il est grossièrement orienté nord-ouest/sud-est dans le sens de la dépression de kitimat-Kitsumkalsum. Il s'établit à  d'altitude, sa profondeur moyenne est de  et sa profondeur maximale de  (au centre du bassin nord), pour un volume de .

Origine
Il y a 50 millions d'années, le fossé tectonique de Kitimat-Kitsumkalum se met en place lors d'une phase de décompression. La période entre -12 500 et -11 000 ans est marquée par le retrait d'un ancien glacier en deux étapes conduisant à la formation de deux deltas marins de front de glacier, au sud et au nord-est du lac actuel. Ce sont ces deux anciens fronts de glaciers qui isolent aujourd'hui le bassin du lac à l'intérieur de la dépression de Kitimat-Kitsumkalum. Le retrait de la mer lié au rebond isostatique jusqu'à son niveau actuel s'achève vers -9 000 ans.

Hydrologie
Son bassin d'alimentation qui s'étend sur  est drainé par plusieurs torrents, dont le Williams, le Schulbuckhand et le Hatchery. Le trop-plein est évacué vers le nord-ouest par la rivière Lakelse, un petit affluent, de  de long, de la Skeena. Le renouvellement des eaux du lac est très rapide entre 5 et 6 fois par an. Ce renouvellement est accéléré au printemps et en été avec la fonte des neiges sur les sommets du bassin hydrographique. Le gradient de température du lac en été est marqué par des eaux chaudes en surface: 22°C jusqu'à 8 ou 10 m de profondeur. Entre 10m et 18m de profondeur la température diminue pour se stabiliser à 10°C. À proximité des rives du lac jaillissent de nombreuses sources chaudes dont la température peut s'élever à . Ce sont les plus chaudes du Canada.

Écologie

Parcs naturels
Deux parcs provinciaux bordent le lac. Ils ont la particularité d'abriter des boisements anciens non affectés par les coupes de bois.

Le parc provincial du lac Lakelse (Lakelse Lake Provincial Park) est créé en mars 1956. Il est constitué de deux aires séparées situées, l'une au nord et l'autre à l'est du lac. Il occupe une surface de  dont 314 ha terrestres et 36 ha lacustres. Ce parc à une vocation récréative. Il dispose d'un camping et d'accès aux plages pour la baignade, la pêche et les sports nautiques. Il est sillonné de sentiers de randonnée.

Le parc provincial des marais du lac Lakelse (Lakelse Lake Wetlands Provincial Park) est créé en mai 2004. Il s'étend sur  au sud du lac dont 1105 ha terrestres et 109 ha lacustres. Ce parc à une vocation de sauvegarde plus prononcée et dispose de peu d'aménagements. Il est ouvert à la randonnée. Ce marais bénéficie de sources chaudes. Les torrents alimentés par ces sources ne gèlent pas en hiver.

Flore
La flore est dominée dans les zones bien drainées par trois grand conifères sempervirents: l'Épicéa de Sitka (Picea sitchensis), le Cèdre rouge de l'ouest (Thuja plicata) et la Pruche de l'ouest (Tsuga heterophylla). On les retrouve y compris dans les marais mais l'Épicéa de Sitka y cède sa place au Pin tordu (Pinus Contorta) où ils forment des peuplements clairsemés. Pour l'étage inférieur des marais on y note entre autres des Droséras, plantes carnivores, une orchidée blanche (Plalanthera dilatata) ou encore la Lycopode des tourbières (Lycopodiella inundata). L'accumulation de tourbe peut atteindre 1 m avec une nappe phréatique à 20 cm de la surface du sol. La partie lacustre du parc des Marais du lac Lakelse contient la plus grande prairie aquatique conservée du lac avec un peuplement important de Prêle des eaux (Equisetum fluviatile) et de Roseaux, plantes semi-immergées. La strate arbustive est abondante dans les zones humides. Elle comprend le Bois piquant (Oplopanax horridus), la Ronce remarquable (Rubus spectabilis), l'Airelle à feuille ovale (Vaccinium ovalifolium) ou encore le Pommetier du Pacifique (Malus fusca).

Faune
La faune piscicole comprend trois Salmonidés: la Truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss), le Saumon argenté (Oncorhynchus kisutch) et le Saumon rouge (Oncorhynchus nerka). Le Saumon rouge dont plus de 500 000 individus remontent typiquement frayer dans le bassin du lac Lakelse a connu une réduction drastique de ces effectifs migrateurs sous les 10 000 individus. Parmi les animaux aquatiques on compte une Moule d'eau douce (Anodonta kennerlyi), Mollusque filtreur.

La faune comprend des oiseaux aquatiques comme les oies et les canards qui profitent des marais et des roselières. Certains sont migrateurs et d'autres hivernent tel le Cygne trompette (Cygnus buccinator), espèce classée menacée qui niche dans les marais.

Les environs du lac sont fréquentés par une faune mammaliennes sauvage diversifiée. Pour les Ours au régime omnivore (fruits, saumons) on note  le Grizzli (Ursus arctos) ou l'Ours Noir (Ursus americanus) y compris une variété à pelage clair appelé Ours de Kermode. Chez le grands carnivores on peut rencontrer le Loup (Canis Lupus), le Coyote (Canis latrans) ou le Cougar (Puma concolor). Pour les herbivores remarquable on peut citer l'Élan (Alces alces)  et le Castor du Canada (Castor canadensis).

Station balnéaire et thermale

Histoire
Les Tshimshians, peuple autochtone de la région du lac Lakelse, fréquentent les sources chaudes avant l'arrivée des Européens. Ils leur attribuent des vertus thérapeutiques. En 1910, un établissement de bains avec hôtel-restaurant est créé sur les sources situées au sud-est du lac, proche de la route de Kitimat. Il bénéficie de la proximité de la gare ferroviaire de Terrace. Au voisinage existent déjà des stations d'alevinage de saumon. Entre 1919 et 1936 le gouvernement canadien gère une écloserie de Saumon sur le torrent Hatchery au sud-est du lac. En 1936, l'établissement de bains ferme. En 1958, le site est racheté et devient un complexe touristique à vocation essentiellement récréative mais aussi thérapeutique. Il comprend : hôtel, restaurant, piscines et bains et même une station de ski. En 1978, ce deuxième établissement ferme, devenant la propriété du gouvernement provincial. En 1985, un nouvel investisseur développe un nouveau parc aquatique avec hôtel et restaurant. Il reste inachevé et partiellement fermé. En parallèle à ces activités économiques, se développe un village de résidences d'été considéré à partir de 1967 comme une localité avec une population permanente.

Urbanisme
Sur les rives du lac s'est constituée une petite agglomération peu dense : Lakelse Lake, cité balnéaire et thermale. Elle comprend outre de nombreuses villas, des campings, un village de vacances ainsi qu'un établissement thermal. De nombreux pontons, quai, cale de mise à l'eau voire un petit port facilitent les activités nautiques. La station est fréquentée par des visiteurs venus de la région de Terrace-Kitimat-Prince-Rupert essentiellement pour la baignade et le pique-nique.

Administration
Lakelse Lake ne constitue pas une municipalité incorporée. Le district régional de Kitimat-Stikine y dispose des compétences municipales. Depuis 1979, un arrêté du district régit les règles d'urbanisme et délimite la localité. Depuis 2010 existe une commission consultative de planification (Advisory Planning Commission for Lakelse Lake) dont les membres sont nommés pour 2 ans par le bureau du district régional de Kitimat-Stikine. Cette commission compte 7 membres maximum dont au moins 4 sont des résidents permanents de la localité. Cette commission est compétente en matière d'urbanisme.

Accès
L'accès se fait grâce à la route interprovinciale 37  qui relie Terrace au nord à Kitimat au sud en passant par Lakelse Lake. Elle passe à l'est du lac et des quartiers de la rive orientale. Une route secondaire s'embranche sur la route 37 au nord du lac et dessert les quartiers de l'ouest du lac. La localité se trouve à une vingtaine de kilomètres du centre de Terrace, la capitale du district régional, et à une quinzaine de kilomètres de l'aéroport de Terrace qui dispose de liaisons quotidiennes pour Vancouver ou Prince-George. La ligne de chemin de fer du Canadien National qui passe au sud du lac n'a pas de desserte locale toutefois la gare de Terrace est desservie par des lignes passagers.

Notes

Références

Liens externes
 Site officiel du district régional de Kitimat-Stikine

Lac en Colombie-Britannique
District régional de Kitimat-Stikine
Tourisme en Colombie-Britannique

Lac Lakelse


Strókur er skátafélag staðsett í Hveragerði.

Tenglar

 Facebooksíða Stróks

Skátafélag
Skátafélög á Íslandi

Strókur


An Platycoryne crocea in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Robert Allen Rolfe. An Platycoryne crocea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Platycoryne, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Platycoryne

Platycoryne crocea


La Coupe Davis 1963 est la  de ce tournoi de tennis professionnel masculin par nations. Les rencontres se déroulent du 17 mars au 28 décembre dans différents lieux.

Les États-Unis remporte leur  grâce à leur victoire lors du "Challenge Round" face à l'Australie (quadruple tenante du titre) par trois victoires à deux.

Contexte

Le tournoi se déroule au préalable dans les tours préliminaires des zones continentales. Un total de 49 nations participent à la compétition :
 7 dans la "Zone Amérique",
 9 dans la "Zone Est" (incluant l'Asie et l'Océanie),
 32 dans la "Zone Europe" (incluant l'Afrique),
 plus l'Australie ayant remporté l'édition précédente, ainsi qualifiée pour le "Challenge round".

Déroulement du tournoi

Résultats

Tableau du top 16 mondial

Matchs détaillés

Huitièmes de finale

Quarts de finale

Demi-finales

Finale du tout venant

Challenge round
La finale de la Coupe Davis 1963 se joue entre l'Australie et les États-Unis.

Notes et références
 Feuilles de matches

 Autres références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Coupe Davis
 Saison 1963 de tennis masculin
 Coupe de la Fédération 1963

Liens externes
  Site officiel de la Coupe Davis
  Site officiel de l'ATP

Navigation

1963
Coupe Davis
Davis

Coupe Davis 1963


Bernhard Vogelsang  (* 11. November 1895 in Elsfleth; † 31. Mai 1970 in Bremerhaven) war ein deutscher Geschäftsführer und Politiker (SPD) in Bremerhaven. Er war Mitglied der Bremischen Bürgerschaft.

Biografie

Ausbildung und Beruf
Vogelsang war als Geschäftsführer in Bremerhaven tätig.

Politik

Vogelsang war seit den 1920er Jahren Mitglied in der SPD. Bei einer Wahlveranstaltung der SPD Anfang 1933 bei Weiß in Speckenbüttel (heute Union) rief er mutig in den Saal: "Als Adolf Hitler noch kein Deutscher war...". Die Polizei löste deshalb die Versammlung auf, die Reichsbannerleute der SPD mussten flüchteten. Bis zum Juni 1933 verhaftete die politische Polizei der Nationalsozialisten fast sämtliche führenden Sozialdemokraten und Gewerkschafter aus Wesermünde, am 2. Mai 1933 u. a. Landgraf, Vogelsang, Seidel, Kammerahl, Menkens, Haltendorf und Kassebohm.

Vogelsang war von 1947 bis 1959 für die SPD rund 12 Jahre lang Mitglied in der Bremischen Bürgerschaft und wirkte in verschiedenen Deputationen und Ausschüssen der Bürgerschaft.

Quellen
 Norbert Korfmacher: Mitgliederverzeichnis der Bremischen Bürgerschaft 1946 bis 1996 (= Kommunalpolitik. Band 1). LIT, Münster 1997, ISBN 3-8258-3212-0.

Einzelnachweise

Person (Bremerhaven)
Mitglied der Bremischen Bürgerschaft (ab 1945)
SPD-Mitglied
Deutscher
Geboren 1895
Gestorben 1970
Mann

Bernhard Vogelsang


Berbersbach ist ein Gemeindeteil der Gemeinde Buch am Wald im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern). Zu Berbersbach gehören die Einöden Birkenmühle und Rufenmühle.

Geographie
Der Weiler liegt etwa anderthalb Kilometer südlich der Ortsmitte von Buch in der linken Hagenbach-Aue im abwärtigen Mündungswinkel des Berbersbachs, der hier von Norden dem Hagenbach zuläuft. Die zwei zugehörigen Einöden liegen aufwärts am Berbersbach in weniger als 0,2 km Abstand. Im Nordwesten grenzt das Waldgebiet Ofenloch an, 0,5 km südlich liegt das Pöbelholz, 0,5 km östlich das Waldgebiet Weidlach.

Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt zur Staatsstraße 2249 (0,6 km südöstlich) zwischen Hagenau (1,5 km westlich) und Clonsbach (1,3 km östlich) bzw. zur Kreisstraße AN 5 (0,2 km westlich), die nach Hagenau zur St 2249 (0,8 km westlich) bzw. nach Buch am Wald (1 km nördlich) verläuft. Ein Anliegerweg führt zur Birkenmühle (0,2 km nördlich).

Geschichte
Im 16-Punkte-Bericht des Oberamts Leutershausen aus dem Jahr 1681 wurden für Berbersbach 3 Mannschaften verzeichnet, die alle das Vogtamt Jochsberg als Grundherrn hatten. Das Hochgericht übte das brandenburg-ansbachische Stadtvogteiamt Leutershausen aus.

Gegen Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts gab es in Berbersbach 5 Anwesen. Das Hochgericht übte weiterhin das Stadtvogteiamt Leutershausen aus. Die Dorf- und Gemeindeherrschaft hatte das Stiftsamt Ansbach. Alle Anwesen hatten das Fürstentum Ansbach als Grundherrn (Vogtamt Jochsberg: 1 Hof, 1 Halbhof, 1 Köblergut, Rufenmühle; Stiftsamt Ansbach: Birkenmühle). Neben den Anwesen gab es noch kommunale Gebäude (Hirtenhaus, Brechhaus). Von 1797 bis 1808 unterstand der Ort dem Justizamt Leutershausen und Kammeramt Colmberg.

Im Rahmen des Gemeindeedikts wurde Berbersbach dem 1808 gebildeten Steuerdistrikt Buch am Wald und der 1810 gegründeten Ruralgemeinde Buch am Wald zugeordnet. Mit dem Zweiten Gemeindeedikt (1818) wurde Berbersbach in die neu gebildete Ruralgemeinde Hagenau umgemeindet. Am 1. Januar 1974 wurde diese im Zuge der Gebietsreform nach Buch am Wald eingemeindet.

Baudenkmal
 Haus Nr. 6: Birkenmühle, Fachwerkhaus mit massivem Erdgeschoss, 1846; Fachwerkscheune mit Schopfwalmdach, gleichzeitig.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Wendel (Buch am Wald) gepfarrt. Die Einwohner römisch-katholischer Konfession sind nach Kreuzerhöhung (Schillingsfürst) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Buch am Wald)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Weiler in Mittelfranken

Berbersbach


Venehjärvi (en , en , en ) est une municipalité de l'okroug de Kostamus en république de Carélie.

Démographie
Recensements (*) ou estimations de la population

Bibliographie

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

Liens externes
 karelia.ru

Village dans la république de Carélie
Okroug de Kostamus

Venejärvi (république de Carélie)


An Lepanthes selenitepala in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Lepanthes selenitepala in nahilalakip ha genus nga Lepanthes, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Puerto Rico.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 L. s. ackermanii
 L. s. selenitepala

Mga kasarigan

Lepanthes

Lepanthes selenitepala


John Thomas Dunn (* 4. Juni 1838 in Tipperary, Irland; † 22. Februar 1907 in Elizabeth, New Jersey) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1893 und 1895 vertrat er den Bundesstaat New Jersey im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
Im Jahr 1845 kam John Dunn mit seinem Vater aus seiner irischen Heimat nach New Jersey. Er wurde zunächst zu Hause unterrichtet. Ab 1862 betätigte er sich als Geschäftsmann. Gleichzeitig schlug er als Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei eine politische Laufbahn ein. Im Jahr 1878 war er Stadtrat in Elizabeth; von 1879 bis 1882 gehörte er der New Jersey General Assembly an, deren Präsident er im Jahr 1882 war. Nach einem Jurastudium und seiner 1882 erfolgten Zulassung als Rechtsanwalt begann er in Elizabeth in diesem Beruf zu arbeiten.

Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 1892 wurde Dunn im damals neugeschaffenen achten Wahlbezirk von New Jersey in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington, D.C. gewählt, wo er am 4. März 1893 sein neues Mandat antrat. Da er im Jahr 1894 nicht bestätigt wurde, konnte er bis zum 3. März 1895 nur eine Legislaturperiode im Kongress absolvieren. Nach dem Ende seiner Zeit im US-Repräsentantenhaus praktizierte Dunn wieder als Anwalt. Er starb am 22. Februar 1907 in Elizabeth.

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für New Jersey
Sprecher der New Jersey General Assembly
Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei (Vereinigte Staaten)
Politiker (19. Jahrhundert)
Rechtsanwalt (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1838
Gestorben 1907
Mann

John T. Dunn


Afrika yaban köpeği (Lycaon pictus), köpekgiller (Canidae) familyasından Afrika'da yaşayan vahşi bir köpek türü.

Etimoloji
Bilimsel ismi Lycaon pictus "alacalı kurt" anlamına gelir ve bu adı postunun çok alacalı olmasından alır.

Özellikleri

Temel rengi siyah olmasına rağmen, bütün vücudu kahverengi, sarı, beyaz ve kırmızımsı lekelerle kaplıdır. Post rengi her bireyde farklı dağılım gösterir. Böylelikle hiçbir köpek eşit olarak görünmez. Kürkü kısa, yer yer dökülmüş olduğundan, bazı yerlerinde çıplak et görünebilir.
İri ve yuvarlak kulaklı, postu siyah, sarı ve beyaz benekli alacalı, son derece yırtıcı bir hayvandır. Sürü halinde avlanırlar ve kimi zaman avlarını canlı canlı yedikleri olur.

Kafası dahil uzunluğu 90 cm'dir. Buna ek olarak 35 cm kuyruk gelir. Yerden omuz yüksekliği 70 cm'dir. Ağırlığı ise yaklaşık 25 Kg tutar. Bu ebatları ile çakal ile kurt arasında bir yer edinir. Zebra, geyik vb. hayvanlar da bu yırtıcı hayvanın avı olabilirler.

Dağılımı

Büyük Sahra'nın güney ve doğu kesimlerinde yaşar.

Kaynakça

Genel

Özel

Dış bağlantılar

 ARKive Afrika yaban köpeği (Lycaon pictus) fotografları

Canini
Sahra faunası
Süper yırtıcılar
Afrika etçilleri

Afrika yaban köpeği


Beat Monsters este un serial de animație care urmărește aventurile unui grup de monștri extratereștri care călătoresc prin spațiu în căutare de ritmuri muzicale.

Premiera în România a fost pe 24 iulie 2017 pe canalul Cartoon Network.

Episoade

Referințe și note

Legături externe

Cartoon Network
Seriale de animație
Seriale de televiziune din 2017

Beat Monsters


Ivoneide Souza Caetano ou simplesmente Ivoneide Caetano (Biritinga, ) é uma advogada e política brasileira baiana filiada ao Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT).

Deputada Federal
Nas eleições estaduais de 2022 foi eleita pelo Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), deputada federal à uma cadeira na Câmara dos Deputados para a 57.ª legislatura (2023 — 2027) com 105.885 votos pelo estado daBahia.

Naturais de Biritinga
Deputados federais do Brasil pela Bahia
Membros do Partido dos Trabalhadores

Ivoneide Caetano


Dellis Cay je privatni otok površine 2.3 km2 u otočju Turks i Caicos.

Ovaj otok nalazi se južno od Parrot Caya i sjeverno od Pine Caya. Dellis Cay nalazi se nekoliko milja od otoka Providenciales (veći otok oko 10 km jugozapadno od Dellis Caya) i dostupan je 20 minuta vožnje brodom. Otok je dobio ime po obitelji Dellis koja je živjela na otoku i zarađivala za život uzgojem spužvi pedesetih godina prošlog stoljeća. Osim što je poznat po uzgoju spužvi i školjkama, Dellis Cay je poznat i po velikoj kolekciji otočnih školjki koje se mogu pronaći uz njegovu obalu. Očekivalo se da će projekt nekretnina "The Residences at Mandarin Oriental Dellis Cay" biti otvoren sredinom 2010. godine, ali je projekt bankrotirao početkom 2010. godine i izgradnja je zaustavljena. Početkom 2011. projekt je otkazan zbog financijskih problema.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 "Luksuzno u svojoj jednostavnosti" - Times of the Islands. Preuzeto 30. siječnja 2009.
 Web stranica Dellis Cay.
 Dellis Cay u trgovačkom centru TCI

Zemljopis Otoka Turks i Caicos
Britanski otoci u Atlantskom oceanu (Sjeverna Amerika)

Dellis Cay


Pseudogonatodes es un género de geckos de la familia Sphaerodactylidae. Se encuentra en el norte de América del Sur (Perú, Colombia, Brasil, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam y Ecuador).

Especies
Se reconocen las siguientes siete especies:
 Pseudogonatodes barbouri (Noble, 1921)
 Pseudogonatodes furvus Ruthven, 1915
 Pseudogonatodes gasconi Avila-Pires & Hoogmoed, 2000
 Pseudogonatodes guianensis Parker, 1935
 Pseudogonatodes lunulatus (Roux, 1927)
 Pseudogonatodes manessi Avila-Pires & Hoogmoed, 2000
 Pseudogonatodes peruvianus Huey & Dixon, 1970

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Géneros de reptiles

Pseudogonatodes