Evenki   (Ewenkī), formerly known as Tungus or Solon, is the largest member of the northern group of Tungusic languages, a group which also includes Even, Negidal, and the more closely related Oroqen language. The name is sometimes wrongly given as "Evenks". It is spoken by Evenks or Ewenkī(s) in Russia and China.

In certain areas the influences of the Yakut and the Buryat languages are particularly strong. The influence of Russian in general is overwhelming (in 1979, 75.2% of the Evenkis spoke Russian, rising to 92.7% in 2002). Evenki children were forced to learn Russian at Soviet residential schools, and returned with a "poor ability to speak their mother tongue...". The Evenki language varies considerably among its dialects, which are divided into three large groups: the northern, the southern and the eastern dialects. These are further divided into minor dialects. A written language was created for Evenkis in the Soviet Union in 1931, first using a Latin alphabet, and from 1937 a Cyrillic one. In China, Evenki is written experimentally in the Mongolian script. The language is generally considered endangered.

Genetic affiliation
Evenki is a member of the Tungusic family. Its similarity to Manchu, the best-documented member of the family, was noted hundreds of years ago, first by botanist P. S. Pallas in the late 18th century, and then in a more formal linguistic study by M. A. Castren in the mid-19th century, regarded as a "pioneer treatise" in the field of Tungusology. The exact internal structure of the Tungusic family is a matter of some debate. Some scholars propose two sub-families: one for Manchu, and another for all the other Tungusic languages, including Evenki. SIL International's Ethnologue divides Tungusic into two sub-families, Northern and Southern, with Evenki alongside Even and Negidal in the Northern sub-family, and the Southern family itself subdivided into Southwestern (among which Manchu) and Southeastern (Nanai and others). Others propose three or more sub-families, or at the extreme a continuum with Manchu at one end and Evenki at the other.

Dialects
Bulatova enumerated 14 dialects and 50 sub-dialects within Russia, spread over a wide geographical area ranging from the Yenisei River to Sakhalin. These may be divided into three major groups primarily on the basis of phonology:

Northern (spirant)
Ilimpeya: Ilimpeya, Agata and Bol'shoi, Porog, Tura, Tutonchany, Dudinka/Khantai
Yerbogachen: Yerbogachen, Nakanno
Southern (sibilant)
Hushing
Sym: Tokma or Upper Nepa, Upper Lena or Kachug, Angara
Northern Baikal: Northern Baikal, Upper Lena
Hissing
Stony Tunguska: Vanavara, Kuyumba, Poligus, Surinda, Taimura or Chirinda, Uchami, Chemdal'sk
Nepa: Nepa, Kirensk
Vitim-Nercha/Baunt-Talocha: Baunt, Talocha, Tungokochen, Nercha
Eastern (sibilant-spirant)
Vitim-Olyokma dialect: Barguzin, Vitim/Kalar, Olyokma, Tungir, Tokko
Upper Aldan: Aldan, Upper Amur, Amga, Dzheltulak, Timpton, Tommot, Khingan, Chul'man, Chul'man-Gilyui
Uchur-Zeya: Uchur, Zeya
Selemdzha-Bureya-Urmi: Selemdzha, Bureya, Urmi
Ayan-Mai: Ayan, Aim, Mai, Nel'kan, Totti
Tugur-Chumikan: Tugur, Chumikan
Sakhalin (no subdialects)

Evenks in China also speak several dialects. According to Ethnologue, the Hihue or Hoy dialect is considered the standard; Haila'er, Aoluguya (Olguya), Chenba'erhu (Old Bargu), and Morigele (Mergel) dialects also exist. Ethnologue reports these dialects differ significantly from those in Russia.

Some works focused on individual Russia dialects include  (Barguzin),  (Tommot), and  (Sakhalin).

Phonology
The Evenki language typically has CV syllables but other structures are possible. Bulatova and Grenoble list Evenki as having 11 possible vowel phonemes; a classical five-vowel system with distinctions between long and short vowels (except in ) and the addition of a long and short , while Nedjalkov claims that there are 13 vowel phonemes. Evenki has a moderately small consonant inventory; there are 18 consonants (21 according to Nedjalkov 1997) in the Evenki language and it lacks glides or semivowels.

Consonants
Below are tables of Evenki consonant phonemes, including those identified by Nedjalkov (1997) in italics.

The phoneme () has a word-final allophone, , as well as an intervocalic variant, . Likewise, some speakers pronounce intervocalic  as . Speakers of some dialects also alternate  and . Consonant inventories given by researchers working on dialects in China are largely similar. The differences noted: Chaoke and Kesingge et al. give  instead of  and lack , , or ; furthermore, Kesingge et al. give  instead of .

Vowels
Below is a chart of Evenki vowels found among Russian dialects, including those identified by Nedjalkov (1997) in italics.

The vowel inventory of the Chinese dialects of Evenki, however, is markedly different (Chaoke, 1995, 2009):

Like most Tungusic languages, Evenki employs back-front vowel harmony—suffix vowels are matched to the vowel in the root. However, some vowels –  – and certain suffixes no longer adhere to the rules of vowel harmony. Knowledge of the rules of vowel harmony is fading, as vowel harmony is a complex topic for elementary speakers to grasp, the language is severely endangered (Janhunen), and many speakers are multilingual.

Syllable structure
Possible syllable structures include V, VC, VCC, CV, CVC, and CVCC. In contrast to dialects in Russia, dialects in China do not have /k/, /ŋ/, or /r/ in word-initial position.

Alphabets

Russia
The creation of the Evenki alphabet began in the 1920s. In May 1928, researcher  prepared for the Evenk students who studied in Leningrad the Memo to Tungus-vacationers. It was a small textbook duplicated on the glass. It used the Vasilyevich Evenki alphabet on a Latin graphic basis. A year later, she compiled the First Book for Reading in the Tungus Language (). This alphabet had the following composition: Aa Bb Çç HH Dd Ӡӡ Ee Әә Gg Hh Ii Kk Ll Mm Nn Ŋŋ Oo Pp Rr Ss Tt Uu Ww Yy; it also included diacritical marks: a macron to indicate the longitude of the sound and a sub-letter comma to indicate palatalization.

In 1930, it was decided to create a written language for the majority of the peoples of the North of the USSR. The Latin alphabet was chosen as its graphic basis. In the same year, the project of the Evenki alphabet was proposed by Ya. P. Alcor. This project differed from Vasilevich's alphabet only by the presence of letters for displaying Russian borrowings (C c, F f, J j, W w, Z z), as well as using V v instead of W w. After some refinement, the letter Çç was replaced by C c, V v by W w, and the letter Y y was excluded. In May 1931, the Evenki romanized alphabet was officially approved, and in 1932 regular publishing began on it. The basis of the literary language was laid the most studied Nepsky dialect (north of the Irkutsk region).

The official Latinized Evenk alphabet, in which book publishing and schooling were conducted, looked like this:

Today, the official written language in Russia for the Evenki language is Cyrillic script. The script has one additional letter, ӈ, to indicate ; it is used only inconsistently in printed works, due to typographical limitations. Boldyrev's dictionary uses ң instead.  Other sounds found in Evenki but not Russian, such as , lack devoted letters. Instead д stands in for both  and ; when the latter pronunciation is intended, it is followed by one of Cyrillic's iotated letters, similar to the way those letters cause palatalization of the preceding consonant in Russian. However orthographic decisions like these have resulted in some confusion and transfer of Russian phonetics to Evenki among younger speakers. For example, the spellings ди and ды were intended to record  and  (i.e. the same vowel sound). However, in Russian и and ы are respectively two different vowels,  and . Long vowels are indicated with macrons.

China
In the "Imperial History of the National Languages of Liao, Jin, and Yuan" () commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor, the Manchu alphabet is used to write Evenki words.

Evenki in China is now written in the Latin script and experimentally in the Mongolian script. Evenki scholars made an attempt in the 1980s to create standard written forms for their language, using both Mongolian script and a pinyin-like Latin spelling. They published an Evenki–Mongolian–Chinese dictionary () with Evenki words spelled in IPA, a pinyin-like orthography, and Mongolian script, as well as a collection of folk songs in IPA and Mongolian script (and Chinese-style numbered musical notation).

The orthographic system developed by Chinese Evenki scholars reflects differences between Evenki and Mongol phonology. It uses both  and  (usually romanised from Mongolian as q and ɣ) for . The system uses double letters in both Mongolian and Latin to represent most long vowels; however for  ao is written instead of oo. The same scholars' collection of songs has some orthographic differences from the table below; namely, long vowels are occasionally written not just doubled but also with an intervening silent  (ɣ), showing clear orthographic influence from the Mongolian language. In medial and final positions, t is written in the Manchu script form . Evenki itself is spelled , despite Mongolian orthography usually prohibiting the letter combination ŋk. The vowel inventory of this system is also rather different from that of Chaoke (1995, 2009).

 uses a different version of Latin script, which distinguishes certain vowels and consonants more clearly than the system of Kesingge et al.:

Morphology

Evenki is highly agglutinating and suffixing: Each morpheme is easily recognizable and carries only one piece of meaning. Evenki pronouns distinguish between singular and plural as well as inclusive and exclusive in the first person. The Evenki language has a rich case system — 13 cases, though there is some variation among dialects — and it is a nominative–accusative language. Evenki differentiates between alienable and inalienable possession: alienable possession marks the possessor in the nominative case and the possessum in the possessed case, while inalienable possession is marked by personal indices.

Below is a table of cases and suffixes in Evenki, following Nedjalkov (1997):

LOCDIR:locative-directive case
ALLLOC:allative-locative case
ACD:accusative case, definite
PRO:prolative case
INS:instrumental case
SEM:semblative case
POS:possessed

Plurals are marked with -il-, -l-, or -r- before the case marker, if any:

Syntax
Evenki is a subject–object–verb and head-final language. The subject is marked according to the nominative case, and the object is in the accusative. In Evenki, the indirect object precedes the direct object.

Literary traditions
The Manchu script was used to write Evenki (Solon) words in the "Imperial History of the National Languages of Liao, Jin, and Yuan". The Evenki did not have their own writing system until the introduction of the Latin script in 1931 and the subsequent change to Cyrillic in 1936–7. The literary language was first based on the Nepa dialect of the Southern subgroup, but in the 1950s was redesigned with the Stony Tunguska dialect as its basis. Ethnographer S. M. Shirokogoroff harshly criticised the "child-like" literary language, and in a 1930s monograph predicted it would quickly go extinct. Although textbooks through the 8th grade have been published, "Literary Evenki has not yet achieved the status of a norm which cut across dialects and is understood by speakers of some dialects with great difficulty". However, despite its failure to gain widespread acceptance, within its dialectal base of roughly 5,000 people, it survived and continues in use up to the present. Since the 1930s, "folklore, novels, poetry, numerous translations from Russian and other languages", textbooks, and dictionaries have all been written in Evenki. In Tura (former administrative center of the Evenk Autonomous Okrug), the local newspaper includes a weekly supplement written in Evenki.

Language shift and multilingualism
There is a large quantity of Russian loan words in Evenki, especially for technologies and concepts that were introduced by the Russian pioneers in Siberia. "Evenki is spoken in regions with heavy multilingualism. In their daily life the people come into contact with Russian, Buriat and Yakut, and each of these languages had affected the Evenki language. Russian is the lingua franca of the region, part of the Evenki population is bilingual, and part trilingual. All Evenki know Russian relatively well." In 1998 there were approximately 30,000 ethnic Evenkis living in Russia and about 1/3 of them spoke the language. Even a decade ago Bulatova was trying to warn speakers and linguists alike: "There is widespread loss of Evenki and the language can be considered seriously endangered". According to the 2002 Russian census, there are 35,527 citizens of the Russian Federation who identify themselves as ethnically Evenki, but only 7,580 speakers of the language.

In China, there is an ethnic population of 30,500 but only 19,000 are fluent in Evenki and only around 3,000 people are monolingual in Evenki. Juha Janhunen investigated multilingualism in Hulunbuir (northern Inner Mongolia) and the adjoining section of Heilongjiang (e.g. Qiqihar) in 1996. He found that most Solons still spoke Evenki, and about half knew the Daur language as well. Furthermore, Mongolian functioned as a lingua franca among members of all minority groups there, as they tended to do their education in Mongolian-medium schools. The only Evenki-speakers whom Janhunen knew not to speak Mongolian as a second language were the Reindeer Evenki (sometimes called "Yakut") in the northern part of Hulunbuir, who used Russian as their "language of intercultural communication". Janhunen predicted that all of these languages, including Mongolian, were likely to lose ground to Chinese in coming years. However Chaoke noted more than a decade later that the usage rate of Evenki remained quite high, and that it was still common to find Evenki speakers who were proficient in three, four, or even five languages.

There is a small population of Mongolized Hamnigan speakers of the Hamnigan dialect of Buryat in Mongolia as well, numbering around 1,000.

There is little information regarding revival efforts or Evenki's status now. In 1998, the language was taught in preschools and primary schools and offered as an option in 8th grade. The courses were regarded as an 'ethnocultural component' to bring Evenki language and culture into the curriculum. Instruction as a second language is also available in the Institute of the Peoples of the North at Herzen University (the former St. Petersburg State Pedagogical University). In the 1980s, Christian missionaries working in Siberia translated the Bible into Evenki and a Christian group called the Global Recordings Network recorded Christian teaching materials in Evenki.

Notes

References

Further reading

Vasilevich G. M. (1958). Эвенкийско-русский словарь. [Evenki-Russian dictionary. With an appendix and an outline of Evenki grammar]. Moscow.  .

External links

Omniglot

 Evengus

 Evenki DoReCo corpus compiled by Olga Kazakevich and Elena Klyachko. Audio recordings of narrative texts with transcriptions time-aligned at the phone level, translations, and time-aligned morphological annotations.

Agglutinative languages
Evenks
Languages of Russia
Languages of China
Severely endangered languages
Subject–object–verb languages
Tungusic languages

Evenki language


La Bundesstraße 460 est une Bundesstraße du Land de Hesse. Elle mène de Lorsch à Oberzent et est également connue sous le nom de Siegfriedstraße.

Géographie
La B 460 commence à l'ouest sur la plaine du ried hessois dans le prolongement de la Landesstraße 3111, qui vient d'Einhausen vers le nord-ouest, avec un pont sur la B 47, qui a quatre voies ici et a une connexion sans intersection. À seulement un kilomètre à l'ouest de cette jonction se trouve la sortie de Lorsch de la Bundesautobahn 67 vers la B 47. La B 460 contourne Lorsch par l'est en direction de Heppenheim. Elle traverse d'abord la Weschnitz inférieure avec un seul pont à angle aigu et la Nibelungenbahn et parallèlement à celle-ci la Kreisstraße K 31, appelée Bensheimer Straße, à laquelle la B 460 est reliée par deux arches de liaison. Elle traverse ensuite le Vorderer Odenwald puis suit le cours du Pfalzbach. Elle traverse les villages de Wald-Erlenbach, Mitlechtern et Lauten-Weschnitz en succession rapide avant d'atteindre le fond de la vallée de la Weschnitz près de Lörzenbach et rejoint ici la Bundesstraße 38 sur . Elle partage avec elle la route de passage de la commune principale de Fürth et s'en sépare vers l'est par la route de passage de Krumbach. Son point final est le confluent avec la Bundesstraße 45 près d'Erbach.

Histoire
Comme toutes les Bundesstraßen avec un numéro de série supérieur à 399, la B 460 n'était dédiée au trafic régional sous la charge de la construction routière du gouvernement fédéral après 1960. Son parcours suit la route des vacances anciennement connue sous le nom de Siegfriedstrasse.

Source

Route en Allemagne
Transport en Hesse

Bundesstraße 460


Charfield is a village and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England, south-west of Wotton-under-Edge near the Little Avon River and the villages of Falfield and Cromhall. The parish includes the hamlet of Churchend.

Village
Charfield is a medium-sized village of about 2,500 residents with three pubs, the Pear Tree, Railway Tavern and The Plough Inn, a convenience store with Post Office and two churches. There are six main housing areas. Farm Lees, Longs View, Manor Lane and Woodlands have existed for some time. Two new housing developments were built in 2018-2019: St James Mews, opposite St John's Church, and Charfield Village, at the eastern end of the village near the Renishaw PLC site. The primary school has around 250 students.

The Church of St James, in Churchend, dates from the 13th century and is a grade I listed building.

Governance
An electoral ward with the same name exists. This ward starts in the east in Charfield and then stretches west to Falfield. The ward's population at the 2011 census was 4,678.

The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, such as the Memorial Hall and playing field and playground, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also of interest to the council.

The parish council is also a burial authority, and has its own burial ground in nearby Churchend.

Railway
The Bristol-Birmingham main railway line runs through the village. Charfield railway station closed in January 1965 but still stands, and discussions continue about the viability of re-opening it. The costs of re-opening would be shared between Gloucestershire and South Gloucestershire Councils since, although the station would be in South Gloucestershire, the nearby Gloucestershire town of Wotton-under-Edge would be a principal beneficiary.

The railway line marks the division of the village between two different telephone areas (01453-54x based on Wotton-under-Edge, and 01454-26x based on Falfield). The village is on the outer limits of both areas. The village has now been fibre-enabled, allowing FTTC connections.

On 11th October 2022 it was announced that South Gloucestershire Council and Network Rail have submitted a planning application for a new train station in Charfield. The proposed station, to be built on land off Station Road in the centre of the village, will include two platforms serving north and southbound journeys, a pedestrian footbridge, a bus stop, covered cycle parking, and car parking.

Railway history
The Charfield railway disaster was a fatal train crash which occurred on 13 October 1928. The Leeds to Bristol LMS night mail train crashed under a road bridge near Charfield railway station, killing 15 and injuring 23. Amongst the dead were two children whose remains remain unidentified.

Charfield Memorial Hall and Playing Field
Charfield Memorial Hall and Playing Field is in the centre of Charfield. The Hall has recently been refurbished and the play area upgraded with new equipment.

See also
St James' Church, Charfield

References

External links

 Charfield Community Website
 Charfield Parish Council Web Site
 Charfield Burial Ground

Villages in Gloucestershire
Civil parishes in Gloucestershire

Charfield


Această listă a liniilor Intercity-Express cuprinde toate liniile Intercity-Express din Germania, fără să includă ICE Sprinter.

Legendă:
 Rutele ortografiate cu aldine au o frecvență a trenurilor orară.
 Rutele ortografiate cu italice sunt frecventate doar de anumite trenuri sau au o frecvență de maxim un tren la patru ore.
 Rutele ortografiate cu minuscule sunt cele cu destinații din afara Germaniei.
 Toate rutele ortografiate cu caractere normale au o frecvență de un tren la două ore.

Linii

10 – 12

15

20 – 28
Secțiunile principale ale liniilor 20, 22, 25 și 28 încep în Gara Hamburg-Altona. Trenurile continuă apoi spre Kiel sau Lübeck:

31

41 – 49
Segmentul principal al acestor linii (cu excepția ICE 47) începe la Köln Hauptbahnhof sau Dortmund Hauptbahnhof:

50

75 – 79
Toate aceste linii continuă în afara Germaniei. Liniile 75 și 76 încep de la Gara Centrală din Hamburg și continuă în Danemarca. Liniile 78 și 79 încep de la Frankfurt (Main) și continuă în Belgia sau Olanda:

80 – 87
Toate aceste linii continuă în afara Germaniei. Ele conectează München și Frankfurt cu Franța și Frankfurt cu Elveția:

90 – 91
Ambele linii încep de la Viena și conectează capitala Austriei cu München sau Nürnberg, Frankfurt și regiunea Rhein-Ruhr:

Referințe

ICE, linii

Lista liniilor Intercity-Express


Clorura de nichel (II) este sarea nichelului divalent cu acidul clorhidric și are formula  NiCl2. Sarea anhidră este galbenă, iar sarea hexahidratată, mai comună, cu formula NiCl2·6H2O, este verde. Poate fi considerată a fi cea mai importantă sursă de cationi de nichel în sinteza chimică. Clorurile de nichel sunt delicvescente, absorbind apa din atmosferă pentru a forma o soluție.

Proprietăți chimice

Formarea de complecși
Clorura de nichel hexahidratată poate fi folosită ca punct de plecare pentru obținerea unei multitudini de complecși coordinativi ai nichelului, întrucât apa ca ligand este ușor înlocuită din structura sa de către alți liganzi, precum amoniac, amine, tioeteri, tiolați și organofosfine. Exemple includ: [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 (clorura de hexaamminnichel (II) ), [Ni(en)3]2+ (cationul trisetilendiamminnichel (II) ), [NiCl4]2− (anionul tetracloronichelat (II) ).

Referințe

Nichel
Compuși ai nichelului

Clorură de nichel (II)


Paul Lamouret est un joueur français de rugby à XV, né le  à Biarritz et décédé le  à Grenoble, d'une embolie consécutive à une pleurésie.

Avant la Première Guerre mondiale, Lamouret est considéré comme l'un des demi de mêlée les plus prometteurs du rugby français, sélectionné pour les matches de sélection de l'équipe de France. Surnommé Tote, Lamouret a contribué à faire de la Section une force reconnue au niveau national avant-guerre. Lamouret lança la mode de la fameuse passe couchée du demi de mêlée qui fut pratiquée pendant quelques années. Elle lui valu le surnom de . Par l'intermédiaire de Géo Martin, Lamouret se rend à Grenoble en 1921. Paul Lamouret a eu un impact considérable sur l'évolution du rugby à Grenoble, influençant les frères Paul & Marcel Finet mais également de Julien Saby.

Biographie
Paul Henri Lamouret naît à deux heures du matin le  à Biarritz au domicile de ses parents situé rue Olivier Maison Gomès. Ceux-ci sont Jean-Baptiste Lamouret, alors âgé de 29 ans est garçon d'hôtel, tandis que sa mère, Fanny Pommé est une ménagère de 24 ans.

Débuts à Biarritz
Lamouret entame sa carrière au Biarritz-Stade. Il est initialement talonneur.

Section paloise
Lamouret rejoint Pau pour son service militaire à Pau, au 18e RI. En 1911, Lamouret signe à la Section Paloise, où une jeune génération de joueurs prometteurs avec Gilbert Pierrot et Victor Bernicha s'affirme sous les ordres du gallois Tom Potter. C'est d'ailleurs Potter qui le repère en équipe 3 de la Section afin de le lancer dans le grand bain.

Lamouret se fait remarquer par la presse nationale, dont Gaston Bénac. Connu pour sa qualité de passe, il était célèbre pour ses astuces destinées à piéger les adversaires.

Lamouret est sélectionné lors du match de sélection UFSA entre une équipe du Sud et une équipe de Probables le  au stade de la Croix du Prince. Bernicha est sélectionné en compagnie de Lamouret, Espelette, Gilbert Pierrot et de Tournier, l'Autobus, ses coéquipiers de la Section paloise.

À l'occasion de ce match de sélection de l'équipe de France, Sud contre Probables, le journal L'Auto écrit que les tribunes de la Croix du Prince pourraient servir de modèles à d'autres clubs. En effet, les tribunes, les vestiaires et l'accès au stade, la ligne 1: Boulevard Guillemin - Croix du Prince du Tramway de Pau en font un modèle. L'équipe du Sud s'impose face aux Probables devant .

Match France contre Probables à la Croix du Prince

Première Guerre mondiale
Paul Lamouret effectue son service militaire à compter du 8 octobre au sein du  RI basé à Pau. Il est nommé caporal le  juillet 1913. Il intègre le  RI le 30 juillet 1915 et y devient sergent le 12 septembre de la même année. Il passe ensuite au  RI le 7 novembre 1916, au  régiment de tirailleurs algériens le 22 janvier 1917, au  régiment de tirailleurs algériens le 17 janvier 1918, au  RI le 7 janvier 1919 et enfin au  RI le 9 mai 1919. Il est renvoyé dans ses foyers le 23 août 1919.

Au cours de conflit, il est blessé à plusieurs reprises, au point qu'en novembre 1914 le journal Sporting l'annonce à tort comme étant décédé. Il est blessé à la tête et au bras le 8 septembre 1914 à Marchais-en-Brie, est touché par deux balles le 21 janvier 1915 à Craonne, l'une l'atteignant à la tête et l'autre au bras puis souffre d'une « contusion à l'épaule gauche par [un] éclat d'obus » reçu le 28 septembre 1915 au hameau de Beauséjour.

Retour au rugby
Lamouret quitte finalement la Section paloise en 1918 mais est proche de resigner en 1919. Il évolue alors pour le CGE (Club Général d'entraînement), fondé en avril 1918 par Gaston Bénac et R. de Leliva et dont il il fut l'un des meilleurs joueurs.

Lamouret revient néanmoins dans la cité royale le temps d'un match au Stade de la Croix du Prince face au All Blacks. Sur les terres de ses exploits passés, il éclipse enfin son rival Philippe Struxiano.

Biarritz olympique
En 1919, il signe au Biarritz olympique.

FC Grenoble
L'année suivante, en 1920 il rejoint le FC Grenoble Dans cette ville, il dirige un magasin d'articles de sport. Il se rendit ensuite à Lyon, où il loge au 32 rue Molière, pour entrainer le FC Lyon.

Lamouret rencontre une femme originaire de Sallanches et s'établît en au 36 cours Berriat, à Grenoble.

Galerie

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance à Biarritz
Naissance en avril 1891
Naissance dans les Basses-Pyrénées
Joueur de la Section paloise
Joueur du Biarritz olympique
Joueur du FC Grenoble
Joueur du Football Club de Lyon (rugby à XV)
Décès en janvier 1930
Décès à Grenoble
Décès à 38 ans

Paul Lamouret


Pınarlı, Diyarbakır ilinin Çermik ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Diyarbakır il merkezine 115 km, Çermik ilçesine 22 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Çermik'in mahalleleri

Pınarlı, Çermik


Kelowna, Kanada'da Okanagan Gölü kıyısında kurulan, 165.000'in üzerinde nüfusuyla (kent merkezinde 105.000), Vancouver ve Victoria kentsel alanlarının ardından, Britanya Kolumbiyası eyâletindeki en büyük kentsel yerleşim alanıdır.

Kuzey Amerika'nın en hızlı büyüyen kentlerinden biri olan Kelowna, dünyanın yerleşmek için en arzulanır kentlerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kent Toronto, Calgary, Vancouver ve Victoria'dan sonra, Kanada'nın en pahalı emlak piyasasına sahiptir.

2005'te UBC (Britanya Kolumbiyası Üniversitesi) Okanagan kampüsünü Kelowna'da açmıştır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Britanya Kolumbiyası

Dış bağlantılar
 Kelowna resmi sitesi

Britanya Kolumbiyası'ndaki şehirler
1879'da kurulan yerleşim birimleri

Kelowna, Britanya Kolumbiyası


Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing (nascida em 1952) é uma antropóloga americana. Ela é professora do Departamento de Antropologia da Universidade da Califórnia, Santa Cruz. Em 2018, ela foi premiada com a Medalha Memorial Huxley do Royal Anthropological Institute.

Vida
Tsing recebeu seu BA da Yale University e completou seu MA (1976) e PhD (1984) na Universidade Stanford. Atuou como professora assistente visitante na University of Colorado, Boulder (1984–86) e como professora assistente na University of Massachusetts, Amherst (1986–89), antes de ingressar na UC Santa Cruz. Entre os muitos institutos aos quais ela é afiliada, ela também é membro da American Anthropological Association, da American Ethnological Society e da Association for Asian Studies.

Realizações
O primeiro livro de Anna Tsing, In the Realm of the Diamond Queen: Marginality in an Out-of-the-way Place, gira em torno de indivíduos de Meratus Dayak, de South Kalimantan, Indonésia. O principal informante de Tsing é Uma Adang, que fornece sua visão sobre o xamanismo, a política e a mitologia em relação à identidade étnica. O livro enfoca o tema da marginalidade dentro de um estado e o contexto da comunidade dentro de uma estrutura de gênero.

Juntamente com a estudiosa Donna J. Haraway, Tsing cunhou Plantationoceno como um termo alternativo para a época proposta Antropoceno que centra as atividades humanas na transformação do planeta e seu efeito negativo no uso da terra, ecossistemas, biodiversidade e extinção de espécies. Tsing e Haraway apontam que nem todos os seres humanos contribuem igualmente para os desafios ambientais que nosso planeta enfrenta. Eles datam a origem do Antropoceno até o início do colonialismo nas Américas no início da era moderna e destacam a história violenta por trás dele, concentrando-se na história das plantações. Os colonos espanhóis e portugueses começaram a importar modelos de plantações para as Américas por volta de 1500, que já haviam desenvolvido um século antes nas Ilhas Atlânticas. Esses modelos de plantação foram baseados em trabalho forçado migratório (escravidão), uso intensivo da terra, comércio globalizado e violência racial constante, todos transformaram a vida de humanos e não humanos em todo o mundo. As plantações atuais e passadas fornecem uma nota importante das histórias do colonialismo, capitalismo e racismo, que não podem ser separadas das questões ambientais que tornaram alguns humanos mais vulneráveis ao aquecimento das temperaturas, aumento dos níveis da água do mar, substâncias tóxicas e disposição da terra do que outros.

Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection
A etnografia de Tsing baseia-se nas montanhas Meratus de South Kalimantan, uma província da Indonésia. O termo fricção é descrito como "as qualidades estranhas, desiguais, instáveis e criativas da interconexão através da diferença". Esta etnografia foi baseada em instâncias consecutivas e de curto prazo do trabalho de campo; os métodos são baseados em "fragmentos etnográficos". O livro é um estudo sobre paisagens dominadas pelo homem, e os temas recorrentes incluem exploração corporativa, globalização, ativismo ambiental e degradação ambiental. Friction tornou-se um texto padrão em seminários de pós-graduação em geografia, sociologia, teoria crítica, estudos feministas, estudos ambientais e economia política, entre outras áreas.

A partir de sua pesquisa, Tsing é capaz de conceituar o atrito como uma teoria alternativa ao simples "desenvolvimento de uma sociedade globalizada". Tsing critica esse paradigma por partir de um ponto de vista imperialista, em que o desenvolvimento é enquadrado como algo que se aproxima de nações poderosas e está ligado à moralidade. A ideia de "globo" é algo difícil de medir e estudar e cria uma dicotomia entre as sociedades consideradas parte da comunidade global. Tsing começa explicando como as tendências ilógicas na gestão da terra na Indonésia parecem, apesar do fato de que a população e as demandas por infraestrutura não parecem estar aumentando em nível local. A questão desse desmatamento levou a uma maior solidariedade e diálogo entre comunidades urbanas e rurais na Indonésia.

Tsing aponta que parte da razão para a unidade de diferentes comunidades indonésias sobre esta questão era que nenhuma dessas comunidades estava se beneficiando da destruição dessas florestas, pois deveriam criar bens para potências estrangeiras. Como argumentam os manifestantes, essa destruição ambiental não se alinha com a imaginação positiva do movimento global. Em vez disso, escreve Tsing, revela como o poder e a desigualdade se refletem na destruição dos recursos naturais e no ativismo em resposta a essas ações. Tsing argumenta que o paradigma atual da teoria da globalização é que todas as interações globais são feitas com o objetivo de criar uma era global. Ao descrever as interações globais e culturais através da diferença como "atrito", Tsing reconhece os efeitos que essas interações têm na trajetória das sociedades sem atribuir moralidade ou pontos de vista monolíticos a elas. Tsing também sugere que usar o conceito de fricção para entender os impactos da interação livra da percepção de que o poder da globalização é um processo uniforme e inevitável. Isso tira um pouco do poder da maneira como falamos sobre globalização ao reconhecer que o conceito é "confuso" e nem sempre cria mudanças da mesma maneira. A conceituação de atrito de Tsing como uma descrição da interação em escala global oferece uma nova maneira de entender como os efeitos dessas interações podem ser diversos em mundos diferentes.

O cogumelo no fim do mundo: Sobre a possibilidade de vida nas ruínas do capitalismo
O relato etnográfico de Tsing sobre o cogumelo matsutake oferece aos leitores uma visão sobre esse fungo raro, valioso e caro, muito apreciado no Japão. O cogumelo brota em paisagens bastante alteradas pelo homem, em simbiose com algumas espécies de pinheiros. O relato de Tsing sobre o matsutake contribui para o campo da antropologia em sua capacidade de estudar interações multiespécies, usando o sujeito não humano para obter mais informações sobre o mundo humano.

Tsing segue a jornada internacional do fungo matsutake para dar ao leitor uma visão da complexa cadeia de commodities do cogumelo, conectando-se a reflexões sobre o capitalismo. Ela usa o matsutake para lançar luz sobre temas mais amplos sobre como a ecologia é moldada pela interferência humana. O livro recebeu o Prêmio Gregory Bateson e o Prêmio Victor Turner.

Prêmios
Recebeu o Prêmio Henry J. Benda por seu livro In the Realm of the Diamond Queen (1994) e foi homenageada com o Senior Book Award por seu segundo livro Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection (2005) pela American Ethnological Society.Em 2010, ela recebeu uma bolsa Guggenheim. por seu projeto On the Circulation of Species: The Persistence of Diversity, uma etnografia do cogumelo matsutake.

Em 2013, Tsing recebeu a cátedra Niels Bohr na Universidade de Aarhus, na Dinamarca, por sua contribuição ao trabalho interdisciplinar nas áreas de humanidades, ciências naturais, ciências sociais e artes. Atualmente desenvolve um programa transdisciplinar de exploração do Antropoceno. Tsing é diretor da AURA: Pesquisa da Universidade de Aarhus sobre o Antropoceno na Universidade de Aarhus. O projeto foi financiado pela Fundação Nacional de Pesquisa da Dinamarca por um período de cinco anos até 2018.

Escritos
Livros em português

 O cogumelo no fim do mundo: Sobre a possibilidade de vida nas ruínas do capitalismo. São Paulo: N-1 Edições, 2022. ISBN 978-6586941968

Este artigo foi inicialmente traduzido, total ou parcialmente, do artigo da Wikipédia em inglês, cujo título é Anna Tsing.

Nascidos em 1952
Antropólogas dos Estados Unidos
Professores da Universidade da Califórnia em Santa Cruz
Alunos da Universidade Stanford
Alunos da Universidade Yale

Anna Tsing


කරන්දෙණිය ගාලු දිස්ත්‍රීක්කයේ පිහිටා ඇත.
කරන්දෙණියට වර්ග සැතැපුම් 64 ක් පමණ අයත් වේ. කරන්දෙණිය නමින් හදුන්වනුයේ එම සමස්ථ ප්‍රදේශයම වන අතර මෙහි ප්‍රධාන නගර ලෙස මහේදණ්ඩ, කුරුදුගහ හැතැප්ම, ඌරගස්මං හන්දිය යන නගර අයත් වේ. කරන්දෙණිය ප්‍රධාන ආර්ථිකය කුරුඳු වන අතර අම්බලන්ගොඩ, බලපිටිය, ඇල්පිටිය, බද්දේගම යන ප්‍රාදේශීය සභා සීමාවන්ට මැදිව පිහිටා ඇත.

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නගර සහ ගම්මාන
ගාල්ල

කරන්දෙණිය


بطس أو الفاك أو بالمجرية Vác وتلفظ بالمجرية (Vats) هي مدينة تقع في المجر (هنغاريا) ويبلغ تعداد سكانها 34,000 نسمة ، تقع شمال بودابست عاصمة المجر وتبعد عنها 34 كلم ، وهي تقع على الضفة الغربية لنهر الدانوب.
وعند هذه المدينة يغير نهر الدانوب إتجاهه من الشرق نحو الجنوب متجها نحو بودابست عاصمة المجر.

توأمة
لفاك (مدينة) اتفاقيات توأمة مع كل من:

 جفعاتايم
 يارفنبا

 دوناوشينغن
 دوبنيتسا ناد فاهوم
 شاهي

أعلام

 لاسلو فيدل
 استفان فريدريش
 ريا مساروس
 كريستينا غيتفان
 بيلاش بيرجمان
 إمري جارابا
 كارل إيريكي
 ليونهارت راوولف

معرض صور

مراجع

مدن المجر
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة بشت

فاك (مدينة)


Lawrence Gerrard O'Connor (-) est un sprinteur et coureur de haie canadien.

Né à Cobourg en Ontario, il termine sixième au 110 mètres haies aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1936 de Berlin. Durant les Jeux de l'Empire britannique de 1938 de Sydney en Australie, il participe à l'équipe canadienne et obtient la médaille d'or au 4 x 100 mètres, la médaille de bronze au 120 mètres haies et termine quatrième au 220 mètres.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en septembre 1916
Naissance à Cobourg (Ontario)
Sprinteur canadien
Hurdleur canadien
Athlète (homme) aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1936
Décès en septembre 1995

Larry O'Connor (athlétisme)


Solipsizm (ya da tekbencilik), "Ben" felsefesi olarak bilinen, varlığı ben'in tasarımları olarak dile getiren felsefi görüş. Kuramsal bencilik olarak da belirtilir, buna göre bilinç içerikleriyle birlikte öznel ben varlık olarak kabul edilen tek gerçekliktir. Yöntemsel bakımdan başlangıç noktası olarak ben'i alması durumunda yöntemsel tekbencilik olarak belirir. Bu yönüyle Descartes felsefesi bir yöntemsel tekbenciliktir. Etik anlamda ise Stirner'in örnek olarak alındığı kendi ben'inin yaşamın ve gerçekliğin merkezi yapan düşünce biçimi (ahlaksal bencillik).

Ayrıca bakınız
 İdealizm
 Materyalizm
 Rasyonalizm
 Realizm
 Hakikat
 Özne
 Egoizm

Kaynakça
 Felsefe Terimleri Sözlüğü, Bedia Akarsu, İnkılap Yayınevi.
 Felsefe Sözlüğü, Ahmet Cevizci, Paradigma Yayınları.

Felsefi kavramlar

Solipsizm


Um referendo de quatro perguntas foi realizado na Bielorrússia em 14 de maio de 1995, juntamente com eleições parlamentares. As quatro questões eram a possibilidade de dar à língua russa um status igual ao da Bielorrússia , se novos símbolos nacionais deveriam ser adotados, se deveria haver integração econômica com a Rússia e mudanças na constituição que permitiriam eleições antecipadas se o Parlamento violasse sistematicamente a constituição.  De acordo com os resultados oficiais, todos os quatro foram aprovados por pelo menos três quartos dos eleitores, com uma participação de 64,8%.

A Assembleia Parlamentar da OSCE declarou que o referendo violou os padrões internacionais. Membros da oposição alegaram que a organização do referendo envolveu várias violações graves da legislação, incluindo a constituição.

Contexto
Antes de se tornar presidente em 1994, Alexander Lukashenko tentou realizar um referendo semelhante sobre símbolos estatais em 1993 enquanto ainda era deputado, mas não conseguiu obter apoio parlamentar. Dois meses antes do referendo de maio de 1995, Lukashenko propôs um desenho de bandeira que consistia em duas pequenas barras verdes e uma larga barra vermelha. Embora não se saiba o que aconteceu com essa sugestão, novos projetos (chamados de "projetos" na Bielorrússia) foram sugeridos alguns dias depois, que foram então colocados em votação.

Em 11 de Abril de 1995, o Parlamento considerou as questões do referendo, aprovou a data, mas aprovou apenas a questão da integração económica com a Rússia. Lukashenko declarou que não mudaria sua decisão e aceitaria a responsabilidade pessoal pelo referendo, e deixou o Parlamento, anunciando que seriam suas últimas discussões com o Parlamento em sua forma atual. Dezenove deputados da Frente Popular da Bielorrússia , incluindo Zianon Pazniak , Piatro Sadoŭski e outros, decidiram realizar uma greve de fome no Parlamento, protestando contra o presidente que organiza o referendo apesar da decisão do parlamento. Eles foram espancados e removidos à força pela OMON. Os parlamentares processaram as forças especiais por agressão, mas não tiveram sucesso.

Perguntas
Os eleitores responderam a quatro perguntas:

 Você concorda em atribuir à língua russa o status igual ao da língua bielorrussa?
 Você apoia as ações do presidente visando a integração econômica com a Rússia?
 Apoia a sugestão sobre a introdução da nova bandeira do Estado e Brasão de Armas do Estado da República da Bielorrússia?
 Você concorda com a necessidade da introdução de mudanças na Constituição em exercício da República da Bielorrússia, que prevê a rescisão antecipada dos poderes plenários do Soviete Supremo pelo Presidente da República da Bielorrússia no caso de violações sistemáticas ou graves de a Constituição?

Resultados

Referências

Referendos na Bielorrússia
1995 na Bielorrússia

Referendo da Bielorrússia de 1995


Brabantse Pijl 2018 var den 58. udgave af cykelløbet Brabantse Pijl. Løbet var en del af UCI Europe Tour-kalenderen og blev arrangeret 11. april 2018. Det blev vundet af belgiske Tim Wellens fra .

Hold og ryttere

Danske ryttere
 Christopher Juul-Jensen kørte for
 Kasper Asgreen kørte for
 Lasse Norman Hansen kørte for
 Casper Pedersen kørte for

Resultater

Eksterne henvisninger

2018
UCI Europe Tour 2018

Brabantse Pijl 2018


The Wudang Mountains () are a mountain range in the northwestern part of Hubei, China. They are home to a famous complex of Taoist temples and monasteries associated with the Lord of the North, Xuantian Shangdi. The Wudang Mountains are renowned for the practice of Tai chi and Taoism as the Taoist counterpart to the Shaolin Monastery, which is affiliated with Chinese Chán Buddhism. The Wudang Mountains are one of the "Four Sacred Mountains of Taoism" in China, an important destination for Taoist pilgrimages. The monasteries such as the Wudang Garden were made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 because of their religious significance and architectural achievement.

Geography
On Chinese maps, the name "Wudangshan" () is applied both to the entire mountain range (which runs east-west along the southern edge of the Han River, crossing several county-level divisions of Shiyan), and to the group of peaks located within  Wudangshan subdistrict of Danjiangkou, Shiyan. It is the latter specific area which is known as a Taoist center.

Modern maps show the elevation of the highest of the peaks in the Wudang Shan "proper" as 1612 meters; however, the entire Wudangshan range has somewhat higher elevations elsewhere.

Some consider the Wudang Mountains to be a "branch" of the Daba Mountains range, which is a major mountain system in western Hubei, Shaanxi, Chongqing and Sichuan.

History
For centuries, the mountains of Wudang have been known as an important center of Taoism, especially famous for its Taoist versions of martial arts or Taichi.

The first site of worship—the Five Dragons Temple—was constructed at the behest of Emperor Taizong of Tang. Further structures were added during the Song and Yuan dynasties, while the largest complex on the mountain was built during the Ming dynasty (14th–17th centuries) as the Yongle Emperor claimed to enjoy the protection of the god Beidi or Xuantian Shangdi. During the Ming Dynasty, 9 palaces, 9 monasteries, 36 nunneries and 72 temples were located at the site. Temples regularly had to be rebuilt, and not all survived; the oldest existing structures are the Golden Hall and the Ancient Bronze Shrine, made in 1307. Other noted structures include Nanyang Palace (built in 1285–1310 and extended in 1312), the stone-walled Forbidden City of the Taihe Palace at the peak (built in 1419), and the Purple Cloud Temple (built in 1119–1126, rebuilt in 1413 and extended in 1803–1820).  Today, 53 ancient buildings still survive.

On January 19, 2003, the 600-year-old Yuzhengong Palace at the Wudang Mountains burned down after accidentally being set on fire by an employee of a martial arts school.  A fire broke out in the hall, reducing the three rooms that covered 200 square meters to ashes. A gold-plated statue of Zhang Sanfeng, which was usually housed in Yuzhengong, was moved to another building just before the fire, and so escaped destruction in the inferno.

Association with martial arts

At the first national martial arts tournament organized by the Central Guoshu Institute in 1928, participants were separated into practitioners of Shaolin and Wudang styles. Styles considered to belong to the latter group—called Wudangquan—are those with a strong element of Taoist neidan exercises. Typical examples of Wudangquan are Taijiquan, Xingyiquan and Baguazhang. According to legend, Taijiquan was created by the Taoist hermit sage Zhang Sanfeng, who lived in the Wudang mountains.

Wudangquan has been partly reformed to fit the PRC sport and health promotion program. The third biannual Traditional Wushu Festival was held in the Wudang Mountains from October 28 to November 2, 2008.

See also
Xuantian Shangdi
Five Immortals Temple
Golden Hall
Purple Cloud Temple
Silk reeling
Tao yin
Zhang Sanfeng
Yang Luchan
Wudang School
Wudang quan
Wu-Tang Clan

References

Bibliography
 Pierre-Henry de Bruyn, Le Wudang Shan: Histoire des récits fondateurs, Paris, Les Indes savantes, 2010, 444 pp.

External links

 UNESCO World Heritage Sites descriptions
 Wudang Mountain Kung Fu Academy (Founded by the government)
 International Wudang Federation (including training in Wudangshan)
 Wudang Global Federation

Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Hubei
Mountain ranges of Hubei
Mountains of Hubei
Wudang
Wudang
Taoist temples in China
Tourist attractions in Hubei
World Heritage Sites in China
Mountains associated with monasticism

Wudang Mountains


In a limited company, the liability of members or subscribers of the company is limited to what they have invested or guaranteed to the company. Limited companies may be limited by shares or by guarantee. In a company limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the unpaid value of shares. In a company limited by guarantee, the liability of owners is limited to such amount as the owners may undertake to contribute to the assets of the company, in the event of being wound up. The former may be further divided in public companies (public limited companies) and private companies (private limited companies). Who may become a member of a private limited company is restricted by law and by the company's rules. In contrast, anyone may buy shares in a public limited company.

Limited companies can be found in most countries, although the detailed rules governing them vary widely. It is also common for a distinction to be made between the publicly tradable companies of the plc type (for example, the German  (AG), Dutch and Belgian nv, British PLC, Czech a.s., Italian S.p.A., Hungarian Nyrt. and the Spanish, French, Polish, Greek and Romanian S.A.), and the "private" types of companies (such as the German GmbH, Dutch and Belgian bv, Portuguese Lda., British Ltd, Japanese K.K., Polish sp. z o.o., Russian ООО, Ukrainian ТОВ (TOV), the Czech s.r.o., the French s.à r.l., the Italian s.r.l., Romanian s.r.l., Hungarian kft., Bulgarian ДОО (DOO), Slovenian d.o.o., and Slovak s.r.o., in India Pvt Ltd for private company and Ltd for public company, in Singapore Pte Ltd for private company.

Types

Private company limited by guarantee

This is a company that does not have share capital, but is guaranteed by its members, who agree to pay a fixed amount in the event of the company's liquidation. Charitable organisations are often incorporated using this form of limited liability. Another example is the Financial Conduct Authority. In Australia, only an unlisted public company can be limited by guarantee.

Private company limited by shares

Has shareholders with limited liability and its shares may not be offered to the general public. Shareholders of private companies limited by shares are always bound to offer the shares to their fellow shareholders prior to selling them to a third party.

Public limited company

A public limited company can be publicly traded on a stock exchange; this is similar to the U.S. Corporation (Corp.) and the German  (AG).

In specific countries

Australia
The private company equivalent in Australia is the Proprietary Limited company (Pty Ltd). An Australian company with only Limited or Ltd after its name is a public company, such as a company listed on the ASX. Australia does not have a direct equivalent to the plc.

A shareholder in a limited company, in the event of its becoming insolvent (equivalent to insolvency in the United Kingdom) would be liable to contribute the amount remaining unpaid on the shares (usually zero, as most shares are issued fully paid). "Paid" here relates to the amount paid to the company for the shares on first issue, and should not be confused with amounts paid by one shareholder to another to transfer ownership of shares between them. A shareholder is thus afforded limited liability.

Brazil
In Brazil, a limited company is registered as any other type of company. To register it, you must pay an accountant to research the name of your future business to check if it was not already registered, then the accountant contacts the offices responsible for giving you the CNPJ (the national code for company identification), which are the commercial joint of the state and the IRS. After that the Ltda. or Lda. (rarely used) suffixes can be placed after the companies name or with Cia. (abbreviation for companhia, company in Portuguese): [company name] & Cia. Ltda.

Canada
In Canada, a person wishing to register a limited company must file Articles of Incorporation with either their provincial government or the federal government. At the time of incorporation, a company must elect to use "Limited" (Ltd.), "Incorporated" (Inc.) or "Corporation" (Corp.) as part of their name.

India
In India, there are three types of limited company: a public limited company, a private limited company, and a one-person company. A company's liability may be limited by shares, in which case the liability of the company's members is limited to the amount of the shares held by them, or it may be limited by guarantee, in which case the liability is limited to a predetermined amount the company's members have agreed to contribute if the company is dissolved with outstanding liabilities. A private limited company is a limited company incorporated under the Companies Act 2013 (or one of its predecessor acts), with a minimum paid-up share capital (if any) of , with an article that restricts the transfer of its shares; it may have between two and two hundred members, and its name ends with "Private Limited" (abbreviated Pvt Ltd). A public limited company must have a paid-up share capital of at least , and at least seven members; its name ends  "Limited" (abbreviated Ltd). A one-person company (OPC) is a private company with similar proprietorship and privileges to a private limited company, but with fewer requirements; this type of company may have only one director and member.

Before 2015, the business organisations that wanted to take up a company as the preferred form of business organisation had to fulfill the requirement of minimum paid-up share capital of not less than 5 lakhs in case of public company and 1 lakh in case of private companies by way of Section 2(71) and 2(68) respectively. However, after in the recent Companies Amendment Act 2015, this requirement is scrapped, and a company can go ahead with its incorporation without fulfilling this criterion.

Nigeria
In Nigeria, there are two types of limited companies namely: a company limited by guarantee and a company limited by shares. The company limited by shares is further divided into two namely a Private limited company (Ltd.) and a Public limited company  (Plc.) In Nigeria shareholders of limited companies are only liable for the amount of money they contributed to the company. All Nigerian companies are governed by the Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA) 1990 and regulated by the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC).

South Africa
In South Africa, the term "Proprietary Limited", abbreviated "(Pty) Ltd", is used to refer to a private limited company. All South African companies are regulated by the CIPC (Companies and Intellectual Property Commission).

Sri Lanka
In Sri Lanka, businesses can be registered as Private Limited Company "(Pvt) Ltd", Public Limited Company "PLC" or under a sole proprietorship. Registering as Private Limited Company will be more secure, and have added benefits. Therefore, you and your company will act as two independent parties; ensuring that your business assets and liabilities will be separate. All companies are registered under the Companies Act, No. 7 of 2007., through the Registrar of Companies, which operates its office in Colombo.

United Kingdom
The registration of companies in the United Kingdom is done through Companies House, which operates offices in London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast.Plc is used in public limited company

Prior to 1 October 2009, the registration of companies in Northern Ireland was the responsibility of the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment (a department of the devolved government). On the commenceme the Companies Act 2006, Northern Ireland's previously distinct company law was repealed and the new companies code instituted by that Act was extended to Northern Ireland.

United States
In the United States, corporations have limited liability, and the expression corporation is preferred to limited company. A "limited liability company" (LLC) is a different entity. However, some states permit corporations to have the designation Ltd. (instead of the usual Inc.) to signify their corporate status. A corporation must file annual corporate tax returns with the Internal Revenue Service.

Zimbabwe
In Zimbabwe the term "(Pvt) Ltd" refers to a private company limited by share capital. All private entities are regulated by the Registrar of Companies in Harare.

See also
 Company formation (UK)
 Limited liability partnership (LLP)
 Share capital
 Types of business entity
 Unlimited company
 Yūgen gaisha
 Privately held company

References

External links
 Limited liability company UK Business Link

Legal entities
Types of business entity

ja:株式会社

Limited company


الروينة ، أو واد الروينة بلدية ب ولاية عين الدفلى على الخط الرابط بين الجزائر العاصمة ووهران وتبعد عنهما 160 و240 كلم على التوالي.

الموقع الجغرافي
تحدها بلديات: عين الدفلى شرقا والعطاف غربا وزدين جنوبا ومن الشمال نهر الشلف الذي هو الحد الطبيعي بينها وبين بلدية العامرة.

السكان
يبلغ عدد سكانها 21541 نسمة حسب إحصاء ماي 2008 ومساحتها 65 كلم مربع، بها ثروات باطنية أهمها الحديد وأراض خصبة لغرس البطاطا والقمح الصلب أساسا، وبها سد أولاد ملوك ذي سعة : 127 مليون متر مكعب.

التاريخ
تاريخها المعروف يعود للقرن الثاني الميلادي حيث وجد بها الرومان آثار مدينة فسموها رُوينا ROENA أي آثار. ولمزيد من المعلومات أنظر الموسوعة الأثرية والمجلة الأفريقية المجلد 1 و3 طبعات 1856 إلى 1859 وإحصاء 1856. وتحتفظ بعض مناطق الروينة كالجهة الجنوبية لنهر الشلف بالإضافة لا يوجد متحف

عرفت في العهد العثماني باسم: واد الروينة، إما نسبة لاسمها الروماني وواد زدين الذي يمر بها أو حسب الروايات الأخرى للموظفين الأتراك المكلفين بنقل البريد وعابري السبيل حيث كانوا يتخذونها مكانا للتجمع وأخذ قسطا من الراحة وتناول طعامهم المتمثل في دقيق لين يضعونه في إناء ويخلطونه بالماء والمعروف بأكلة الروينة الشهيرة.

التاريخ الثوري
في الفترة الاستعمارية لعبت دورا أساسيا في المجال السياسي لتحقيق الاستقلال.
بوصفها قطبا تجاريا مهما بتواجد منجم الحديد والسكك الحديدية، فعرفت التجمعات النقابية مبكرا، زارتها شخصيات مهمة أمثال: الأمير خالد، البشير الإبراهيمي وابنه طالب وعاش بها مصالي الحاج والرئيس السابق أحمد بن بلة.
واحتظنت إحدى مناطقها وهي زدين حاليا التجمع الميداني الأول لقادة الكفاح المسلح للمنظمة الخاصة ديسمبر 1948م
تبعت إداريا دائرة مليانة ولاية الجزائر ثم الشلف وأخيرا عين الدفلى.

سنة 1946 أنشئ فريق لكرة القدم ذي بعد سياسي ووطني تحت مسمى نجم هلال الروينة الذي يرمز لحزب نجم الشمال الأفريقي بقيادة مصالي الحاج.
رسمت بلدية وفق النظام الفرنسي في: 14 نوفمبر 1888 وتعاقب على رئاسة مجلسها البلدي:
 Boutonnet Eugene 1890
 Emile Ducollet 1910
 Maindouille Antoine1924
 Billet Leon1945
 1958 Andre Bompain

1962 مكناسي محمد ؛ 1964 بومدين عبد القادر، 1966 عكرمي محمد، 1971 عتو بن عتو، 1976 لعريبي محمد، 1980 بن قادة ساعد .

المراجع

بلديات ولاية عين الدفلى

الروينة


Olaylar
 XIV. Louis Fransa'yı askeri açıdan hakim kılmak amacıyla Hollanda Cumhuriyeti'ni istila etti.

Doğumlar
 I. Petro (Rusya)

Ölümler
 Kral Jan Kazimierz : Polonya kralı (d. 1606)

1672


Sufflørens Stedfortræder er en stumfilm fra 1917 instrueret af Lau Lauritzen Sr. efter manuskript af Valdemar Andersen.

Handling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Film instrueret af Lau Lauritzen Sr.
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1917

Sufflørens Stedfortræder


El Tejar (por las tejas que se producían en el lugar) es un municipio del departamento de Chimaltenango, Guatemala. Tiene un estimado de población de 19,492 habitantes según el Censo 2018 realizado por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (el último realizado).

El poblado aparece con este nombre en el testamento de Bartolomé de Archila en 1567;luego de la Independencia de Centroamérica en 1821, San Lucas Sacatepéquez y El Tejar estaban combinados en el poblado de San Lucas Tejar y fueron parte de los distritos originales del Estado de Guatemala cuando este fue fundado en 1825. Ambos pertenecían al departamento de Sacatepéquez/Chimaltenango, cuya cabecera era Antigua Guatemala. También fue asignado al circuito de Chimaltenango en el Distrito N.°8 (Sacatepéquez) para la administración de justicia.

Toponimia

El topónimo «El Tejar» probablemente proviene de la buena calidad de teja elaborada en el lugar en la época de la colonia española, y que sirvió para la construcción de las viviendas de la antigua capital de Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala.

Geografía física

Su extensión territorial es de 144 km², y tiene una altitud de 1.765

Clima

La cabecera municipio de El Tejar tiene clima templado (Clasificación de Köppen: Csb).

Ubicación geográfica

Sus colindancias son:

 Norte: Chimaltenango, municipio del departamento de Chimaltenango y San Juan Sacatepéquez, municipio del Departamento de Guatemala
 Oeste: Chimaltenango, municipio de departamento de Chimaltenango
 Sur: Parramos, municipio del departamento de Chimatenango
 Este: San Juan Sacatepéquez, municipio del departamento de Guatemala; Sumpango y Santo Domingo Xenacoj, municipios del departamento de Sacatepéquez

Gobierno municipal

Los municipios se encuentran regulados en diversas leyes de la República, que establecen su forma de organización, lo relativo a la conformación de sus órganos administrativos y los tributos destinados para los mismos.  Aunque se trata de entidades autónomas, se encuentran sujetos a la legislación nacional y las principales leyes que los rigen desde 1985 son:

El gobierno de los municipios está a cargo de un Concejo Municipal mientras que el código municipal —ley ordinaria que contiene disposiciones que se aplican a todos los municipios— establece que «el concejo municipal es el órgano colegiado superior de deliberación y de decisión de los asuntos municipales […] y tiene su sede en la circunscripción de la cabecera municipal»; el artículo 33 del mencionado código establece que «[le] corresponde con exclusividad al concejo municipal el ejercicio del gobierno del municipio».

El concejo municipal se integra con el alcalde, los síndicos y concejales, electos directamente por sufragio universal y secreto para un período de cuatro años, pudiendo ser reelectos.

Existen también las Alcaldías Auxiliares, los Comités Comunitarios de Desarrollo (COCODE), el Comité Municipal del Desarrollo (COMUDE), las asociaciones culturales y las comisiones de trabajo. Los alcaldes auxiliares son elegidos por las comunidades de acuerdo con sus principios y tradiciones, y se reúnen con el alcalde municipal el primer domingo de cada mes, mientras que los Comités Comunitarios de Desarrollo y el Comité Municipal de Desarrollo organizan y facilitan la participación de las comunidades priorizando necesidades y problemas.

Los alcaldes que ha habido en el municipio son:

 2016-2020: Juan José Cua Hernández

Historia

La referencias más tempranas del poblado se ubican en 1567, por un testamento otorgado por Bartolomé de Archila.

Tras la Independencia de Centroamérica

Tras la Independencia de Centroamérica en 1821, el Estado de Guatemala fue definido de la siguiente forma por la Asamblea Constituyente de dicho estado que emitió la constitución del mismo el 11 de octubre de 1825: «el estado conservará la denominación de Estado de Guatemala y lo forman los pueblos de Guatemala, reunidos en un solo cuerpo.  El estado de Guatemala es soberano, independiente y libre en su gobierno y administración interior.»

San Lucas y El Tejar fueron parte de los distritos originales del Estado de Guatemala cuando este fue fundado en 1825;  ambos pertenecían al municipio «San Lucas Tejar» en el departamento de Sacatepéquez/Chimaltenango, cuya cabecera era Antigua Guatemala, y tenía los municipios de Jilotepeque, San Pedro Sacatepéquez, San Lucas Tejar, Chimaltenango, San Juan Sacatepéquez y Patzún.

La constitución de 1825 también dividió el territorio del Estado para la administración de justicia en once distritos con varios circuitos cada uno; «Tejar» —como se le decía entonces— estaba en el circuito de Chimaltenango en el Distrito N.°8 (Sacatepéquez); este distrito contenía a Chimaltenango, Yepocapa, San Miguelito, Parramos, San Luis, Itzapa, Calderas, Chimachoy, Patzicía, Nejapa, Acatenango, Tuluché, Chicoj y San Jacinto.

Antiguamente se le llamó San Sebastián El Tejar. Por Acuerdo Gubernativo del 23 de abril de 1855 se segregó de Sacatepéquez y se anexó a Chimaltenango. Luego fue suprimido por Acuerdo Gubernativo del 8 de marzo de 1882 y volvió a erigirse por el Acuerdo del 18 de julio de 1910.

Economía

El Tejar produce teja, ladrillos entre otros productos de barro, y se reconoce por la calidad con que las hacen. También tiene una gran variedad de productores de artículos ornamentales elaborados con arcilla.

Otra de las producciones artesanales son los elaborados en telares.

Véase también

 Elecciones municipales de Guatemala de 2015
Historia Territorial de Guatemala
 Organización territorial de Guatemala

Notas y referencias

Referencias

Bibliografía

Departamentos y municipios originales de Guatemala
Municipios de Chimaltenango
Patronazgo de San Sebastián
Toponimia castellana de Guatemala

El Tejar (Guatemala)


Zumbo est un patronyme et un toponyme qui peut désigner :

Patronyme

 Gaetano Zumbo (1656-1701), sculpteur italien ;
 Dominique Zumbo (1854-1939), maître céramiste français.

Toponyme
 Zumbo, ville du Mozambique ;
 District de Zumbo, subdivision administrative de la province de Tete au nord du Mozambique.

Zumbo


Mi primera boda es una película argentina de comedia y romance estrenada en 2011, dirigida por Ariel Winograd y protagonizada por Natalia Oreiro y Daniel Hendler.

La película recibió críticas positivas y fue la tercera película argentina más taquillera de 2011. Recibió cuatro nominaciones al Premio Sur y dos al Cóndor de Plata.

Sinopsis
Mi primera boda es la historia del casamiento de Leonora (Natalia Oreiro) y Adrián (Daniel Hendler). Una fiesta clásica, con vestido impecable, torta de cuatro pisos y en un lugar soñado. Hasta que Adrián comete un pequeño error que decide ocultar a su novia para evitar problemas. Pero lejos de evitarlos, complica más las cosas poniendo en riesgo la fiesta y el futuro matrimonio de la pareja. Como en toda boda se suman accidentes, familia, caos, amigos, equivocaciones y la presencia obligada de quienes no deberían haber estado allí nunca – incluyendo a un antiguo amor de Leonora, Miguel Ángel (Imanol Arias).

Reparto
 Natalia Oreiro como Leonora Campos.
 Daniel Hendler como Adrián Meier.
 Imanol Arias como Miguel Ángel Bernardo.
 Pepe Soriano como Lázaro.
 Martín Piroyansky como Fede.
 Muriel Santa Ana como Inés.
 Gabriela Acher como Raquel de Meier.
 Soledad Silveyra como Marta.
 Gino Renni como Raúl Meier.
 Marcos Mundstock como padre Patricio.
 Daniel Rabinovich como rabino Mendl.
 Elisa Carricajo como Micaela 'Mica'.
 Guillermina García Satur como Agustina.
 María Alché como Lala.
 Luz Palazón como María.
 Sebastián De Caro como Sebastián.
 Alan Sabbagh como Mariano.
 Clemente Cancela como Esteban.
 Pochi Ducasse como Delia.
 Chela Cardalda como Chuchi.
 Chang Sung Kim como Tiang Bei.
 Mora Furtado como amiga de Marta.

Producción
El proyecto surgió del propio casamiento del director Ariel Winograd con la productora Nathalie Cabiron. Después de un año y medio, Winograd tenía cuatro versiones del guion de Mi primera boda, hasta que el guionista Patricio Vega se unió al proyecto para encargarse del él. "Mi respuesta –sincera- fue que me gustaba mucho la idea, pero para nada el guion", comentó Vega, a quien Winograd le ofreció empezar a escribir el guion desde cero. El proceso desde el surgimiento de la idea hasta el final de la producción tardó casi cuatro años.

Durante el casting de la película, el actor Pepe Soriano después de leer el guion le dijo a Winograd: "Yo ahora no hago comedias, pero esta la voy a hacer". El director también destacó la gran conexión desde el primer ensayo entre Daniel Hendler y Natalia Oreiro, quienes nunca se habían conocido anteriormente. Para su papel, Hendler aprendió a andar a caballo durante tres meses. Winograd y Vega escribieron el personaje de Hendler pensando en él para interpretarlo. El personaje de Martín Piroyansky también fue escrito para él, que ya había trabajado antes con Winograd. Contrastando con los actores ya consagrados, el director también incluyó actores que descubrió en el teatro como el disc jockey, Elisa Carricajo (quien interpreta a la exnovia del protagonista) y el remisero.

El director de arte, Juan Cavia, trabajó durante dos años antes del rodaje. Pasó un año y medio antes de que el equipo encontrara la estancia Villa María, situada en Máximo Paz, provincia de Buenos Aires. "Cuando encontramos ese lugar, dijimos: 'Esto se hace acá o no se hace'. Queríamos hacer una película que se vea linda, con gente bien vestida", comentó Winograd. La filmación empezó el 7 de marzo de 2011. Al igual que la anterior película del director, Cara de queso (2006), Mi primera boda se filmó en una sola locación, el salón de fiestas.

Además de basarse en su vida, Winograd reconoce la influencia del cine estadounidense en la realización de Mi primera boda. Las escenas del casamiento de El padrino sirvieron de guía a Winograd que comentó: "Vimos El padrino y dijimos: 'Esto se monta así'". Otras de las referencias cinematográficas citadas por el director incluyen Los excéntricos Tenenbaum, Mi novia Polly, Alta fidelidad y El padre de la novia.

Estreno
Mi primera boda se estrenó en toda la Argentina el 1 de septiembre de 2011. En su primera semana de estreno alcanzó el tercer puesto en el ranking de recaudación con 70.790 espectadores. Fue la segunda película más vista en Argentina en el mes de septiembre con 251.688 espectadores, detrás de Destino final 5, y la tercera película nacional más comercial del cine argentino en 2011. La película también fue estrenada en los cines de Uruguay, Brasil, Estados Unidos, España, Puerto Rico y Venezuela.

En Argentina, Mi primera boda recaudó un total de 6.423.017,86 pesos argentinos (299.601 espectadores).

Fue distribuida en toda Latinoamérica por Disney y en Estados Unidos por la distribuidora independiente Seventh Art Releasing.

Crítica
La película recibió críticas positivas en general, según el sitio Todas las Críticas el 86% de las reseñas fueron positivas, basándose en 44 críticas.

Según la opinión del diario argentino La Nación, la película es clasificada como "buena": "Producción de impecable factura (arte, fotografía, musicalización), Mi primera boda es una buena película, disfrutable y recomendable, pero que al mismo tiempo deja la sensación de que -por los recursos disponibles y por el talento de sus hacedores- podría haber funcionado todavía mejor". Miguel Frías del diario Clarín escribió: "El elenco (con Natalia Oreiro y Daniel Hendler a la cabeza), la producción y la resolución técnica son impecables. El ritmo, sostenido; con pasajes ácidos, mordaces", pero criticó el guion mencionado que "el guion funciona de a ráfagas: como si no alcanzara a estar a la altura de las virtudes mencionadas".

Premios

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial

 Facebook de la película
 Datos sobre la película

Películas cómicas de los años 2010
Comedias románticas
Películas sobre bodas

Mi primera boda


عبد اللطيف الفوراتي صحفي تونسي.

التحق بالعمل الصحفي عام 1959 بجريدة الصباح، وقد تولى فيها عدة مسؤوليات وصولا إلى رئاسة تحريرها فيما بين عامي 1988 و1993، وغادرها بمجرد وصوله سن التقاعد عام 2000.

كما اشتغل كمراسل لعدد من الصحف العربية من بينها جريدة الشرق الأوسط والنهار.

على صعيد آخر نشط عبد اللطيف الفوراتي في جمعية الصحافيين التونسيين وقد ترأسها خلال الفترة بين عامي 1986 و1988.

أسس جريدة «المحرر» في أوت 2011 وهي أول جريدة يومية تصدر بعد الثورة.

وصلة خارجية
حوار مع عبد اللطيف الفوراتي حول تجربته بدار الصباح

صحفيون تونسيون

عبد اللطيف الفوراتي


Baukalis (ili Boukolou, Baucalis) je četvrt Aleksandrije, Egipat, na kojem je sv. Marko bio izložen mučenju nakon čega je, od posljedica istog mučenja preminuo mučeničkom smrću, kao i povjesna lokacija martirija koji je podignut njemu u čast. Taj dio Aleksandrije će ostati poznat i po Ariju (grčki: Ἄρειος, AD 250. ili 256. – 336.) koji je tu bio imenovan kršćanskim svećenikom, a kasnije i prezbiterom.

Tradicija
Koptska crkva tradicionalno tvrdi da je sv. Marko bio taj koji je prvi evangelizirao grad Aleksandriju, pa su mu prvi kršćani u Baukalisu izgradili crkvu koja je po njemu i prozvana. Prema predanju, na Uskrs 25. travnja 68. godine, su ga kao biskupa Aleksandrije na oltaru napali neprijateljski raspoloženi pogani, vezali ga oko vrata i tako vezanog divljački vukli ulicama Baukalisa sve dok nije umro. Pogani su imali namjeru da spale njegove posmrtne ostatke, ali je nevrijeme spriječilo njegove mučitelje i ubojice u toj namjeri, pa je njegovo tijelo ostalo netaknuto, što je pružilo priliku kršćanima da ga, uz sve dužne počasti, pokopaju u grobnici ispod oltara njegove crkve. Djela sv. Marka govore da je crkva u Baukalisu bila "izgrađena na području uz more ispod litica zvanih Boukolou". Postoje neke naznake da je ta crkva bila izgrađena na mjestu ranijeg svetišta posvećenog grčko-egipatskom Bogu Serapisu, ali to još uvijek ostaje predmetom rasprave.

Koptska tradicija također govori da se njegovo tijelo nalazilo u grobnici crkve sv. Marka u Baukalisu do 311. godine kada je papa Petar od Aleksandrije bio mučen na istom mjestu. Prema mučeništvu sv. Petra (Acta ili Passio Sancti Petri), tribuni koji su mu kasnije dali odrubiti glavu, dopustili su mu da prvo posjeti grobnicu sv. Marka na "mjestu Boukolou". Molio se sv. Marku da mu svojim zagovorom omogući da prođe kroz mučeništvo do radosti (mučeništvo koje vodi u Radost). Nakon što su izašli iz grobnice, tribuni su mu, postupajući prema ukazu rimskog cara Maksimijana, (240. – 310.) odrubili glavu na području, nešto južnije od mjesta na kojem je sv. Marko mučen.

Među omiljenim ljudima toga vremena je svakako bio i svećenik Arije, koji je 313. godine bio postavljen za prezbitera ureda u okrugu Baukalis. Međutim, nakon osude njegovog učenja poznatog kao arijanstvo na I. općem ekumenskom saboru u Niceji u Bitiniji koje se održalo 325. godine, Arije se povukao u Palestinu uz podršku Euzebija iz Cezareje.

Kasniji period
Kasnije su se patrijarsi od Aleksandrije izabirali u crkvi u Baukalisu, kao najstarijoj crkvi u gradu. Izvorna crkva u Baukalisu je napuštena oko petog stoljeća, a njena točna povijesna lokacija je nepoznata. Neke se špekulacije usredotočuju na područje oko današnje lokacije škole sv. Marka koja je izgrađena 1920. godine.

Izvori

Kršćanstvo u Egiptu
Gradovi u Egiptu
Povijest Egipta
Bizant

Baukalis


Åke Fridolf Söderblom (født 20. januar 1910 i Fritsla, død 22. maj 1965 i Göteborg) var en svensk skuespiller, manuskriptforfatter og sangskriver.

Udvalgt filmografi
 1964 - Dirch og blåjakkerne
 1951 - 6-dagesløbet
 1949 - Luftens mandfolk
 1944 - Lilla helgonet
 1942 - Løjtnantshjerter
 1941 - Stakkels Ferdinand
 1941 - Fröken Vildkatt
 1940 - Kys hende
 1939 – Landstormens lille Lotte
 1937 – Flådens glade gutter
 1936 - Avertér
 1935 - Ebberöds bank

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra Sverige

Åke Söderblom


Túntvífætla (fræðiheiti; Polydesmus inconstans) er þúsundfætlutegund sem er upprunnin frá Evrópu. Á Íslandi finnst hún aðallega á suðurlandi. Hún lifir aðallega á rotnandi plöntuleifum.

Tilvísanir

Þúsundfætlur
Fjölfætlur á Íslandi

Túntvífætla


هذا المقال يحاول استعراض مشكلة الألغام في شمال أفريقيا وكيفية معالجة الدول المتضررة لهذا المشكلة.

الخلفية التارخية
 بدأت الحرب في شمال أفريقيا في 10 يونيو 1940 بإعلان إيطاليا الحرب على بريطانيا وفرنسا ضمن أحداث الحرب العالمية الثانية، وبعد تقدم طفيف للقوات الإيطالية في الأراضي المصرية، قام البريطانيون بهجوم مضاد أسفر عن هزيمة الإيطاليين في معركة بيضافم مما حدا بالإيطاليين إلى طلب المساعدة من حلفائهم الألمان، فأرسل هؤلاء قوة صغيرة سميت بالفيلق الأفريقي مما عقد الوضع العسكري للبريطانيين الذي لم يستطيعوا هزيمة الألمان والإيطاليين هزيمة نهائية إلا في معركة العلمين الأمر الذي مكنهم من إنهاء معركة شمال أفريقيا لصالحهم (بمساعدة الأمريكيين) في 13 مايو 1943.
 لكن معاناة سكان دول شمال أفريقيا لم تنته بانتهاء القتال، فلكي تعيق الدول المتحاربة من تقدم أعداءها، كانت تزرع الألغام من كافة الأنواع، لكنها لم تستخرج الألغام بعد انتهاء الحرب، ومما يزيد الأمر سوءاً أن الألغام لا تتناقص فعاليتها عبر الزمن، الأمر الذي يشكل خطراً على شعوب تلك المنطقة.
 لا أحد يعرف على وجه الدقة كم عدد الألغام التي خلفها هذا النزاع في شمال أفريقيا، لكننا يمكننا أن نأخذ فكرة من مذكرات إيرون رومل قائد القوات الألمانية – الإيطالية في شمال أفريقيا، إذ قال أن 80,000 لغم، أغلبها مضاد للأفراد، تم زرعها في خط البويرات (في ليبيا)، وينبغي القول هنا أن معركة البويرات (أو وادي زمزم) لم تكن من المعارك المهمة في الحرب مثل معارك العلمين، وطبرق، ومعارك الحدود الليبية المصرية.

مصر
قدرت إحدى بعثات الأمم المتحدة إلى مصر عدد الألغام في الصحراء الغربية بـ 19.7 مليون لغم. وفي يونيو عام 1997 أكد اللواء إبراهيم عبد الفتاح، مدير سلاح المهندسين في القوات المسلحة المصرية، في لقاء له مع جريدة الشعب المصرية أن عدد آخر الإحصاءات المتوفرة عن المصابين تشير إلى أن إجمالي عدد الضحايا بلغ 8301 من المدنيين، والعسكريين، منهم 7611 مصاباً، و 690 قتيلاً.

ليبيا
يشير الكتاب الأبيض الذي أصدرته الحكومة الليبية عام 1981، أنه في كل سنة بدءاً من سنة 1939 (قبل الحرب) إلى سنة 1975 كان هناك ضحايا من انفجار مخلفات الحرب في ليبيا لكل مخلفات الحرب (ومن بينها الألغام) باستثناء سنتي 1969، و1970. وتحمل سنة 1945 السجل الأكثر دموية وهو 130 قتيلاً. تواجه ليبيا أيضاً تركة ثقيلة من الألغام من أيام الحرب اليبية المصرية عام 1977، كما زرع نظام العقيد القذافي أثناء الحرب الأهلية الليبية عام 2011 الألغام البلاستيكية لإعاقة تقدم الثوار.

تونس
لا يملك كاتب المقال أرقاماً محددة عن تونس، ولكننا يمكن أن نحصل على فكرة عن مدى انتشار الألغام هناك من أحد الكتب التي تروي في 30 جزءاً قصة الحرب العالمية الثانية، فمثلاً يقول أحد النصوص: «في 17 مارس [1943] استولي [الجنرال باتون] على قفصة... في 8 أبريل... التحق بالجيش الثامن [البريطاني] وعلى يساره الفيلق التاسع عشر الفرنسي... لكن لم يكن أي منهما قادر قطع الطرق على الإيطاليين المتراجعين نحو النفيضة عبر صفاقس وسوسة وهذا بسبب وجود العدد الكبير من الألغام التي وضعها الخبراء الألمان والإيطاليون، والتي قتل أحدها في 6 أبريل... الجنرال إدوارد ويلفرت Welvert ، قائد فرقة»قسطنطينة «الآلية بينما كان يستعد للدخول على القيروان». ويقوم الجيش التونسي في الوقت الحالي باستخراج ما بين 200 على 300 لغم في السنة.

الجهود الدبلوماسية
على الرغم من أن دول شمال أفريقيا تعاني من نفس المشكلة، لكنها لم توحد جهودها الدبلوماسية قط للمطالبة من الدول المتحاربة ألمانيا وإيطاليا وبريطانيا نزع الألغام، والتعويض عن أضرار الحرب. فبينما تعمل مصر وليبيا متفرقتين، وقعت تونس في ديسمبرعام 1997 على اتفاقية أوتاوا لمنع استخدام الألغام الأرضية، لكن هذا التوقيع لن ينقذ وحده شعب تونس من خطر الألغام.

مراجع

مصادر
 «مذكرات رومل»، ترجمة فتحي عبد الله النمر، مكتبة الأنجلو – مصرية، القاهرة، 1966.
 أحمد إبراهيم محمود، «مشكلة الألغام في مصر وأبعاد المشكلة حول العالم: خصوصية الحالة المصرية»، مركز الأهرام للدراسات السياسية والاسترتيجية، القاهرة، 2000.
 Libya, "The White Book", Markaz Al-Jihad Al-Libi, 1981.
 Peter Young(ed.), "The History of World War II", vol. no.12, Orbis Publication,1984.

ألغام
تونس في الحرب العالمية الثانية
حقول ألغام
شمال إفريقيا
ليبيا في الحرب العالمية الثانية
مصر في الحرب العالمية الثانية

ألغام شمال إفريقيا


Le Palácio da Conceição, également connu sous le nom de Palais épiscopal, est situé dans le quartier de Saúde, dans le centre historique de la ville de Rio de Janeiro, au Brésil.

Historique
Situé au sommet du morro de Conceição, c'était l'ancienne résidence épiscopale de la ville, à côté de Fortaleza da Conceição.

Le premier prélat qui y résida fut le troisième évêque de Rio de Janeiro, D. Francisco de São Jerônimo, arrivé à Rio de Janeiro en 1702.

Lorsqu'il mourut, en 1721, avec la réputation d'un Saint, son corps fut inhumé à l'intérieur de la Chapelle du Palais.

Le bâtiment a été utilisé comme résidence jusqu'à ce que le siège de l'évêché soit transféré au Palácio São Joaquim, sur la Rua da Glória.

Plus tard, il a abrité le siège du Service géographique de l'armée et, répertorié par l'Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN), il abrite actuellement le Musée cartographique, qui conserve certaines des plus anciennes cartes du pays.

Liens externes

 Machado, Sandra: Palácio da Conceição détient une collection historique, 12 juin 2017

Source de traduction

Conçeiçiao
Conceição
Conceição
Conceição

Palais de Conceição


Robert Goffin ( Ohain, Bélgica, 21 de mayo de 1898 – 27 de junio de 1984) fue un ensayista, poeta y abogado belga. Conocido sobre todo por escribir el primer libro formal sobre jazz, Aux Frontières du Jazz, en 1932.

Historia
Nacido en Ohaian, Bélgica en 1898. Hijo de madre soltera, fue su abuelo farmacéutico quien los mantuvo. Completo sus estudios de humanidades en el Athenaeum de Saint-Gilles, donde fue compañero de clase de Paul Delvaux. Dos años más tarde publicó su primera colección de poesía Rosaire des soirs,  mientras estudiaba derecho en la Universidad Libre de Bruselas.

En 1923 era abogado en la Corte de Apelación de Bruselas, ya en 1927 se casó con Suzanne Lagrange. Durante este periodo se centró en la nueva forma de arte estadounidense, más conocida como jazz, y en 1932 publicó lo que se considera el primer libro serio sobre el género, Aux Frontièrs du Jazz.

Fue un activista de la resistencia belga contra los nazis, cuya invasión al país predijo un año antes, creando en 1929 la revista Alert, donde denunciaba el abandono de la neutralidad de Bélgica al aliarse con Francia. Tuvo serias disputas con el fascista belga Léon Degrelle. Con el comienzo de la II Guerra Mundial, abandonó Bélgica para irse a los Estados Unidos, apoyándose en la lectura y escritura, incluyendo ensayos como "Jazz: from the Congo to the Metropolitan", y novelas situadas en la Bélgica nazi como La colombe de la Gestapo  y The Passeports pour l'Adudelà.
En 1942, colaboró con Leonard Feather para enseñar el primer curso de historia y análisis del jazz en la Nueva Escuela de Ciencias Sociales en Nueva York.

Con el fin de la Guerra, volvió a Bélgica para retomar sus actividades legales en la Corte de Apelación de Bruselas. En 1952 se unió a la Real Academia de la Lengua y Literatura Francesa, convirtiéndose en director en 1971 además de director del Club del Bolígrafo Belga (Belgian Pen Club) en 1956. Su mujer Suzanne murió en 1965 y  a finales de los 70, Goffin comenzó una vida retirada a orillas del lago Genval, muriendo en 1984.

Extractos
De Best Negro Jazz Orchestra
"Considero al Duke Elligton como el fenómeno más extraordinario en todo el desarrollo del Jazz. Tomo parte en un primer periodo de entusiasmo, como otros intérpretes,  sobre el "hot"; estos  precoces ejecutantes tocaban en una especie de trance inspirativo,  eran acumuladores de energía musical y transmitían el fluir de la sincopa sin comentarios"

Ensayos
Aux frontières du jazz (Éditions Sagittaire, París, 1932)
Le roman des anguilles (Éditions Gallimard, París, 1936)
Le roman des rats (Éditions Gallimard, París, 1937)
Rimbaud vivant (Corrêa, París, 1937)
Le roman de l'araignée (Éditions Gallimard, París, 1938)
Le roi des belges a-t-il trahi? (1943)
Histoire du jazz (Éditions Parizeau, Montréal, 1946)
La Nouvelle-Orléans, capitale du jazz (Éditions de la Maison française, New-York, 1946)
Louis Armstrong, le roi du jazz (Seghers, París, 1947)
Fil d'Ariane pour la poésie (1964)
Souvenirs à bout portant (Institut Jules Destrée, Charleroi, 1979)
Souvenirs avant l'adieu (Éd. Institut Jules Destrée, Charleroi, 1980)

Poesía
Le rosaire des soirs (Van Campenhout, Bruxelles, 1918)
Jazz-Band, préface de Jules Romains (Écrits du Nord, Bruxelles, 1922)
La Proie pour l'ombre (1935)
Couleur d'absence (1936)
Sang bleu (Gallimard, París, 1939)
Pérou (1940)
Patrie de la poésie (De l'Arbre, Montréal, 1945)
Le Voleur de feu (1950)
Foudre Natale (1955)
uvres poétiques compilation 1918-1954, (Éditions Universitaires, París, 1958)
Le Temps sans rives (1958)
Le Roi du Colorado (1959)
Archipels de la sève (Nizet, París, 1959)
Source du ciel (1962)
Corps Combustible (1964)
Sablier pour une Cosmogonie (André De Rache, Bruxelles, 1965)
Le Versant noir (1967)
Faits divers (1968)
Phosphores chanteurs (André De Rache, Bruxelles, 1970)
L'Envers du feu (Chambelland, París, 1971)
Chroniques d'outre-chair (Chambelland, París, 1975)
Le chant de mai (1982)

Bibliografía
À propos de Guy Huygens (Monographie illustrée de 24 pages, avec textes de Paul Caso, Robert Goffin-Maurice Lambilliote, Marcel Lecomte, Jan Walravens et Joseph Weterings). Editions G.L.BRX

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 The Best Negro Jazz Orchestra, por Robert Goffin (en inglés)

Abogados de Bélgica
Ensayistas de Bélgica
Poetas de Bélgica
Escritores de Bélgica del siglo XX
Real Academia de Lengua y Literatura Francesas de Bélgica

Robert Goffin


Frank Francis Fasi (August 27, 1920 – February 3, 2010) was an American politician who was the longest-serving Mayor of Honolulu, Hawaii, serving for 22 years. He also served as a territorial senator and member of the Honolulu City Council. To date, he remains the last Republican Mayor of Honolulu.

Early life

Frank Francis Fasi was born on 27 August 1920 in Hartford, Connecticut, to Sicilian immigrants Carmelo and Josephine Lupo Fasi. Carmelo owned an ice business, and Frank began working for his father at age 11. He finished 7th out of class of 476 in high school, and graduated from Trinity College where he had been a history major on an academic scholarship.

Fasi tried to join the United States Marine Corps after graduation from Trinity. The Marines turned him down because of his color blindness. On his second try, he hired a friend to take the eye test for him, and he became a Marine. He served in the Pacific Theater of World War II and was briefly stationed on Kauai. He was discharged as a first lieutenant in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1946, and immediately returned to Hawaii. In 1956, he resigned his commission as captain in the Marine Corps Reserve.

Fasi settled in Honolulu, where he became an entrepreneur, opening his own contracting, building demolition and salvage company.

Political career
In 1958, Fasi entered politics, winning his first race to represent his district in the senate of the Territory of Hawaii. His term was cut short when Hawaii achieved statehood and the territorial legislature was dissolved in 1959. After returning to his business, Fasi once again ran for office in 1965, winning a seat on the Honolulu City Council, where he served as a councilman through 1968.

Mayor of Honolulu
By the late 1960s, Fasi had gained a colorful reputation. The Honolulu Advertiser and Honolulu Star-Bulletin newspapers were using the words "firebrand," "trailblazer," and "maverick" to describe him. In 1969, Fasi was elected Mayor of Honolulu as a Democrat and served through 1981 when he was defeated for the first time for re-election in the Democratic primary byEileen Anderson. He then joined the Republican Party to stage a comeback and defeated Anderson in the 1984 election, returning to Honolulu Hale once again and serving as mayor through 1994, when he resigned to seek the Hawaii governorship. After losing his 2004 bid for the office of mayor, Fasi, then 84 years old, announced that he would not run for office again. , he is the last Republiican to have served as Mayor of Honolulu, Hawaii.

Fasi served 22 years as the mayor of Honolulu, the longest cumulative tenure of any Honolulu mayor.

Best Party
Fasi was a member of the Democratic Party in his early years. In 1984, he was persuaded by D. G. Anderson to quit and join the Republican Party. In 1994, both parties pushed him away in favor of younger, more popular candidates. In retaliation, Fasi established the Best Party of Hawaii and ran for Governor of Hawaii against Patricia F. Saiki and Benjamin J. Cayetano. Dr. John P. Craven ran against Fasi in the Primary. Fasi lost the general election, but his party lives on as the Aloha Āina Party of Hawaii, with which it merged in 1997.

Indictment for corruption
Fasi was indicted for bribery in 1977 on charges of accepting $500,000 in bribes. The charges were later dropped.

Legacy
Much of Honolulu today retains reminders of the Fasi era. He opened the Neal S. Blaisdell Center, and established TheBus, a public transportation system. Fasi also invented and built the Satellite City Hall system, established one of the nation's largest elected neighborhood board systems, and pushed for the construction of the H-POWER waste-to-energy plant. Fasi created the Summer Fun recreational program for children and the annual Honolulu City Lights winter festival. Fasi popularized the shaka, a local hand gesture, when he ordered it to become the city's signature logo and printed on all city signs and publications. He is also credited with transforming the Capitol District by bulldozing massive parking structures near the Hawaii State Capitol, Iolani Palace and Kawaiahao Church to create large parcels of green space known as the Honolulu Civic Center. He also created a central office building for many of the city's departments.

In recognition of his service to Honolulu, Mayor Mufi Hannemann renamed both the Civic Center and the Municipal Building in July 2006. In order to do so, the Honolulu City Council amended its charter with the passage of Bill 76 (2005) CD 1, FD 1, which bypassed a ban on naming city and county sites in honor of living persons. The Mayor Frank F. Fasi Civic Center and Mayor Frank F. Fasi Municipal Building now stand as a memorial to him.

Death
Fasi died at his home of natural causes on February 3, 2010. He was 89.

Organization membership

Frank Fasi was a member of the following organizations:

American Legion
Rotary International
Sigma Nu
Veterans of Foreign Wars

References

|-

|-

1920 births
2010 deaths
20th-century American politicians
American people of Italian descent
Hawaii Democrats
Hawaii Independents
Hawaii Republicans
Honolulu City Council members
Mayors of Honolulu
People of Sicilian descent
Politicians from Hartford, Connecticut
Trinity College (Connecticut) alumni
United States Marine Corps officers
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II

Frank Fasi


Björn Göte Nordstrand (født 2. december 1942 i Halmstad) er en svensk virksomhedsleder og forretningmand.

Historie
Nordstrand er uddannet civilingeniør og filosofie magister (fil.mag.).

Han har været direktør på Bonnier, og administerende direktør for Solnagruppen, samt Sveriges største kommercielle tv-kanal TV4.

Nordstrand købte trykkeriet Solnagruppen af Bonnier for én svensk krone, og solgte det ti år efter for over 100 millioner kroner. I sin tid hos TV4 købte han aktier og optioner i selskabet for 17 millioner svenske kroner, for senere at sælge dem for 100 millioner.

I 1995 købte Björn Nordstrand sammen med musikeren Per Gessle badehotellet Hotel Tylösand ved Tylösand, få kilometer vest for hjembyen Halmstad.

Referencer

Personer fra Halmstad
Erhvervsfolk fra Sverige
Civilingeniører fra Sverige

Björn Nordstrand


La bataille de La Réunion se déroule le  et oppose les Forces navales françaises libres aux forces du régime de Vichy. À la suite du débarquement des forces alliées effectué à partir du contre-torpilleur Léopard, celles-ci prennent le contrôle de l'île.

Contexte
À l'issue de la bataille de France, l'île de La Réunion était considérée comme un enjeu stratégique mineur. Après l'armistice du 22 juin 1940, le personnel se limitait à 3 officiers, un médecin, 11 sous-officiers et environ 270 hommes dont 23 militaires professionnels. L'artillerie côtière était hors-service.

Le , le président du conseil général Raoul Nativel dénonça l'armistice à Radio Saint-Denis. Le lendemain, le consul britannique Maurice Gaud rencontra le gouverneur de l'île Pierre Émile Aubert et lui proposa de payer l'administration française à l'aide du trésor britannique à la condition que La Réunion se batte. La proposition devint publique lorsque la radio de l'île Maurice la diffusa. Aubert consulta des meneurs locaux, mais confronté au choix de remettre illégalement l'île à un gouvernement étranger, il décida de demeurer fidèle à Philippe Pétain. Le secrétaire général Angelini, le capitaine Plat et le président de la commission coloniale Adrien Lagourgue, tous fidèles à Charles de Gaulle, furent démis, tout comme Nativel.

Le gouverneur Aubert, bien que fidèle au Régime de Vichy, était peu enclin à soutenir les politiques de Pétain. Cependant, son directeur de cabinet Jean-Jacques Pillet, militant enthousiaste de la Révolution nationale, instaura une propagande, une cour criminelle spéciale et une milice pro-Vichy.

Un mouvement local de résistance émergea. Le , à l'occasion du jour du Souvenir, une vingtaine de femmes déposèrent des fleurs sur le mémorial de 1918 à Saint-Denis. Elles reçurent une amende. Des cellules communistes clandestines étaient dirigées par Léon de Lépervanche. À La Réunion, un radioamateur, le prince Duy Tân, établit des communications avec l'île Maurice, mais il fut rapidement emprisonné et son équipement confisqué.

Après la bataille de Singapour de , la Eastern Fleet britannique se réfugia à l'atoll Addu (Maldives). Par la suite, après le raid de l'océan Indien, la flotte déplaça sa base opérationnelle au port Kilindini, près de Mombasa, au Kenya, ce qui eut pour effet d'accroître la présence britannique sur les côtes d'Afrique de l'Est. Peu après, le , les Britanniques frappèrent les forces françaises à Madagascar, sous le contrôle du Régime de Vichy, lors de l'opération Ironclad. La Réunion perdit alors le contact avec le continent africain, ce qui encouragea le sentiment anti-britannique parmi les troupes loyalistes. De son côté, De Gaulle, qui n'avait pas participé à Ironclad, était pressé de prendre le contrôle de La Réunion avant que les Britanniques ou que les Américains ne le fassent.

Le , des fidèles au Régime de Vichy à Madagascar signalèrent qu'un croiseur britannique avait quitté l'Afrique du Sud avec 600 hommes à bord afin de conquérir l'île. Aubert décida d'obstruer le port de Le Port en y sabordant un bateau à son entrée. Il ordonna également l'évacuation de la capitale Saint-Denis, notamment afin d'éviter un bombardement sanglant semblable à celui de Diego Suarez. En soirée, environ  personnes se réfugièrent à La Montagne, Le Brûlé, Saint-François et Sainte Marie. Puis, en l'absence de bombardement, les gens retournèrent peu à peu chez eux.

Les événements concrétisaient le fait que l'île était sans défense contre une invasion. Le , il fut décidé que la résistance à un débarquement serait très limitée. Le , Saint-Denis fut déclarée ville ouverte alors que les autorités déménagèrent à Hell-Bourg sous les moqueries des gaullistes.

Le , l' déclencha l', qui aboutit au sabordage de la flotte française à Toulon. À Alger, l'amiral François Darlan négocia avec le général Clark.

Invasion

Dans la nuit du 26 au , le contre-torpilleur Léopard quitta l'île Maurice avec 74 hommes. Dirigé par le commandant Jules Évenou, il arriva à Saint-Denis le 27 à 23 heures.

À , le Léopard fut repéré au moment où les troupes se préparaient à débarquer. Menés par le lieutenant Moreau, environ 60 hommes débarquèrent et s'emparèrent du palais gouvernemental. Au matin, Saint-Denis était sous le contrôle des forces libres. Barraquin, chef des forces d'invasion, prit contact avec les sympathisants locaux, dont Léon de Lépervanche et le secrétaire général Rivière, afin de préparer la prise de contrôle de l'île. Pillet prit la fuite vers Hell-Bourg pour organiser la résistance. Le nouveau gouverneur désigné par De Gaulle, André Capagorry, arriva à environ 6 heures sous l'acclamation de la population et lança un appel au calme sur les ondes de Radio Saint-Denis.

Le , les cellules communistes de Lépervanche s'emparèrent de l'hôtel de ville et tentèrent, sans succès, de défaire les défenses de Le Port, concentrée autour d'une batterie de  et dirigées par le lieutenant Émile Hugot, pétainiste acharné. Sous le feu des défenses du port, le Léopard s'éloigna en mer et riposta, tuant deux hommes. L'ingénieur Raymond Decugis tenta de faire cesser le feu de la batterie, mais il fut tué dans l'opération. Craignant l'arrivée des troupes régulières, les défenseurs battirent en retraite et abandonnèrent la batterie. Le Léopard revint près des côtes.

Apprenant que les forces d'invasion étaient françaises et non britanniques, et sans nouvelles de la métropole malgré ses nombreux appels, Aubert abandonna l'idée d'une bataille, même symbolique. Après des pourparlers, notamment avec Capagorry, Aubert accepta de se rendre. La reddition fut confirmée le 30 à .

Suites

Le , Pillet et Artignan furent discrètement embarqués à bord du Léopard afin d'éviter de possibles représailles populaires. Aubert embarqua le jour suivant avec Capagorry, Évenou et Barraquin. Le contre-torpilleur partit ultérieurement pour l'île Maurice.

Le Léopard effectua par la suite plusieurs rotations entre Maurice et La Réunion afin d'approvisionner cette dernière en riz, ce qui augmenta la popularité de Capagorry, surnommé « Papa de riz ».

À partir du , une cour spéciale annula toutes les sanctions et charges imposées sous le Régime de Vichy. Les officiers de l'ancien régime ne subirent que de légères peines, à l'exception de Jean-Jacques Pillet, qui fut démis.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Bataille de Madagascar

Liens externes
 Le jour du Léopard
 La Réunion et le régime de Vichy ()
 CAPAGORRY ET LE RALLIEMENT DE LA RÉUNION À LA FRANCE LIBRE

Bataille de 1942
Bataille navale impliquant la France
Bataille des Forces françaises libres
Histoire militaire de La Réunion
1942 en Afrique
Novembre 1942

Bataille de La Réunion


Pulsno-kodna modulacija (eng. pulse code modulation, PCM), način pretvaranja zvuka u binarne znamenke za digitalni prikaz, pa natrag u zvuk. Vizualna predodžba zvučnoga signala (more) se mjeri u ravnomjernim razmacima te amplituda naznačenoga mora za svako mjerenje.

Izvori

Elektrotehnika
Obrada zvuka

Pulsno-kodna modulacija


Tun-museet er en udstilling om tunfiskeri i grejhuset på Odden Havn.

Tun-museets udstilling viser historien om tun og tunfiskeri i et nordatlantisk og kulturhistorisk perspektiv. Udstillingen er indrettet i det tidligere grejhus ved lystbådehavnen

Udstillingen handler om Thunnus thynnus, den blåfinnede tun, der gæstede de danske farvande og blev fisket ved Sjællands Odde i en periode på 40 år, fra 1920-1960. Omkring 1960 sluttede eventyret, i dag er den blåfinnede tun en alvorligt truet fiskeart i hele det atlantiske område.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Tun på Odden
 Odsherred Kommune - Borger - Tuneventyr på Odden kommer på udstilling

Museer i Region Sjælland
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Odsherred Kommune

Tun-museet


Adolfo Pedernera (født 15. november 1918, død 12. maj 1995) var en argentinsk fodboldspiller og -træner, der med tilnavnet "El maestro" blev anset for at være en af verdens bedste spillere i 1940'erne og en af Argentinas bedste spillere gennem tiden.

Pedernera spillede oprindeligt for River Plate, hvor han i perioden 1935-1946 opnåede 278 kampe og scorede 131 mål. Han var dermed med til at sikre klubben fem mesterskaber i perioden. Han spillede senere i andre klubber, hvor især opholdet i colombianske Millonarios F.C. 1949-1954 var succesfuldt. Han spillede blot 21 kampe for , men var trods det med til at vinde Copa América tre gange.

Den spanske spiller Alfredo Di Stefano  beundrede ham for hans evne til at kombinere fremragende tekniske kvaliteter med et sublimt blik for spillet.

Referencer

Fodboldspillere fra Argentina
Fodboldspillere fra Club Atlético River Plate
Fodboldtrænere fra Club Atlético Boca Juniors

Adolfo Pedernera