Ben Camey Wallace (born September 10, 1974) is an American basketball executive and former professional player who played most of his career in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Detroit Pistons. He is regarded by many to be the greatest undrafted player in NBA history, and was known for his shot-blocking, rebounding, and overall defensive play. A native of Alabama, Wallace attended Cuyahoga Community College and Virginia Union University. In his NBA career, he also played with the Washington Bullets/Wizards, Orlando Magic, Chicago Bulls, and Cleveland Cavaliers.

Wallace won the NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award four times, a record he shares with Dikembe Mutombo. In nine seasons with the Pistons (2000–2006; 2009–2012), Wallace made two NBA Finals appearances (2004 and 2005) and won a championship with the team in 2004. The Pistons retired his jersey No. 3 in 2016; Wallace was also inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in the class of 2021.

Wallace currently serves as the basketball operations and team engagement advisor for the Pistons.

Early life
Wallace was born in White Hall, Alabama, a small town in Lowndes County, and is the tenth of eleven children. He later attended Central High School in Hayneville where he received all-state honors in basketball, baseball, and football (as a linebacker). Former NBA player Charles Oakley is Wallace's mentor, having discovered Wallace at a 1991 basketball camp, and later recommended Wallace to his previous college, Virginia Union.

College career
Wallace first played college basketball on the junior college level at Cuyahoga Community College in Cleveland for two years. There, staples of Wallace's defensive prowess were shown as he averaged 17.0 rebounds and 6.9 blocks per game. He then transferred to Virginia Union, an NCAA Division II school, where he studied criminal justice. Wallace averaged 13.4 points per game and 10.0 rebounds per game as a member of the Virginia Union Panthers, whom he led to the Division II Final Four and a 28–3 record. As a senior, Wallace was named by the head coaches of Virginia Union's conference, the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association, to the All-CIAA first team, and was also selected as a first-team Division II All-American by the National Association of Basketball Coaches.

Professional career

Viola Reggio Calabria (1996)
After leaving Virginia Union and going undrafted, he travelled to Italy for a tryout with the Italian team Viola Reggio Calabria, where he played only a game in the 1996–97 Italian Basketball Cup against Faber Fabriano on 29 August 1996.

Washington Bullets / Wizards (1996–1999)
Wallace appeared in only 34 games for Washington in the 1996–97 season and did not play many minutes. The following year, he appeared in 67 games and started in 16, but did not average many points (3.1) or rebounds (4.8). He did manage to average 1.1 blocks throughout the season, however, and his defensive play solidified his identity and his minutes increased significantly in the lockout-shortened 1998–99 season, as he started in 16 of 46 games and averaged 6 points, 8.3 rebounds and 2 blocks per game. Washington was unable to make the playoffs for three straight years.

Orlando Magic (1999–2000)
On August 11, 1999, Wallace was traded to the Orlando Magic in a multiplayer deal for Isaac Austin. In the 1999–2000 season, he solidified his role as a starter, starting in all 81 games that he appeared in. He averaged 4.8 points, 8.2 rebounds and 1.6 blocks for the Magic as they won 41 games. However, the Magic failed to make the playoffs and following the season, the Magic traded Wallace along with Chucky Atkins to the Detroit Pistons as compensation in a sign-and-trade deal for superstar forward and free agent Grant Hill.

Detroit Pistons (2000–2006)

Rise to defensive dominance (2000–2003)
The trade for Hill was considered one-sided, but in the 2000–01 season, Wallace had his most productive season yet, averaging 6.4 points per game while placing second in rebounds with 13.2 per game and tenth in blocks per game with 2.3, but the Pistons could not make the playoffs. The 2001–02 season would be even better for Wallace, as he averaged his most points per game for a season yet at 7.6 points, while leading the league in rebounding with 13 per game and shot blocking with 3.5. His strong defensive play earned him the NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award, while also being named to the All-Defensive First Team and the All-NBA Third Team. The Pistons won 50 games and the Central Division, and would defeat the Toronto Raptors in the first round of the playoffs before falling to the Paul Pierce-led Boston Celtics in the conference semifinals. Wallace opened the playoffs with a 19-point, 20-rebound effort against Toronto, and he managed to grab 20 or more rebounds two more times in 10 total playoff games, his first experience in the playoffs.

The 2002–03 season would result in another Defensive Player of the Year Award for Wallace, as well as another selection to the All-Defensive team along with being named to the All-NBA Second Team, as he increased his rebounding to 15.4 per game. The Pistons won 50 games and the Central Division again, and defeated Orlando in a grueling seven-game first-round series that included coming back from a 3–1 deficit. Detroit would go on to defeat the Philadelphia 76ers in six games, but the Pistons were swept by the defending Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Nets in the Conference Finals. Wallace increased his rebounding to 16.3 per game in the playoffs, and reached 20 or more rebounds four times.

NBA champion and return to the NBA Finals (2003–2005)

The 2003–04 season saw Wallace continue to rank among the league leaders in rebounding (12.4 per game) and blocks (3.2 per game). Despite losing out on a third straight Defensive Player of the Year Award to Ron Artest, Wallace increased his scoring average to 9.5 points per game, and was named again to the All-Defensive First Team and the All-NBA Second Team. The season also featured new head coach Larry Brown, and he would lead the Pistons to 54 wins for the season, which included a late season acquisition of star power forward Rasheed Wallace to further improve the team's defense and scoring. In the playoffs, the Pistons handily defeated the Milwaukee Bucks in five games in the first round, before facing New Jersey for the second straight year. Despite taking a two-game lead to open the series, the Nets would put up a fight against the Pistons to win 3 straight games, and the Pistons responded with an 81–75 road win in New Jersey (in which Wallace grabbed 20 rebounds) before wrapping up the series with a 90–69 game 7 win. The Pistons would then face the Jermaine O'Neal and Ron Artest-led, league-leading Indiana Pacers, and the two teams traded wins in the first four games. The Pistons won the next two games of the series, allowing them to advance to the Finals with Wallace scoring 12 points and grabbing 16 rebounds in the closing game of the series.

Detroit had not reached the Finals since 1990. The Pistons dominated in game 1 with an 87–75 win in Los Angeles against the Los Angeles Lakers. The Lakers would respond in game 2 with late-game heroics by team leaders Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal before the series moved to Detroit, but the combined defensive effort and near-perfect offensive execution at home brought the Pistons an 88–68 win in game 3. The Lakers were unable to respond in game 4, as the Pistons held their own and continued to dominate on defense and rebounding to beat the Lakers 88–80. Los Angeles needed one win to return the series to their home court, but the Pistons proved to be far too dominating again in game 5, as Detroit won the game 100–87 to win the NBA championship led by Wallace who posted his best game of the series with 18 points and 22 rebounds. It would be the third NBA title for the franchise and its first since 1990. Wallace held his own against the likes of Indiana's Jermaine O'Neal and then Shaquille O'Neal in the Finals, posting averages of 10.3 points per game with 14.3 rebounds and 2.4 blocks. In the 2003–04 season and 2004 playoffs, Wallace posted individual Defensive Ratings of 87 and 84, respectively. Among players with a comparable number of games and minutes played, both of these marks are the lowest individual defensive ratings posted in a regular season or playoffs. The Pistons also began a tradition of sounding a deep chime whenever "Big Ben" scored or recorded a block on Detroit's home court, The Palace of Auburn Hills—an allusion to the original Big Ben in London.

The defending champions looked forward to defending their title in the 2004–05 season, but the season would take an unexpected turn near the end of a November 19 game against the Indiana Pacers, in which Wallace and Ron Artest sparred with each other before the infamous brawl named "The Malice at the Palace" involving both players and spectators took place. Wallace was suspended for six games, and his brother David Wallace received a year of probation and community service for punching Indiana's Fred Jones in the stands. Wallace continued to dominate on defense (2.4 blocks per game) and rebounding (12.2 per game), and increased his scoring production on his way to winning another Defensive Player of the Year Award along with yet another selection to the All-Defensive First Team and the All-NBA Third Team. In the playoffs, the Pistons dominated the Philadelphia 76ers before defeating their rival Pacers in the semifinals in 6 games. The Conference Finals would feature a matchup with the resurgent Miami Heat, who had acquired Shaquille O'Neal from the Lakers, and were led in scoring by Dwyane Wade. The teams traded victories before Miami won game 5 to take a 3–2 series lead, but the Pistons responded and took advantage of an injury to Wade in game 6 before grinding out a difficult 88–82 game 7 win on the road in Miami to advance to their second straight Finals. Wallace once again held his own against O'Neal throughout the series.

This time in the Finals, Detroit would face the San Antonio Spurs, led by superstar Tim Duncan, and international players such as Tony Parker and Manu Ginóbili. The Spurs won the first two games at home before the Pistons matched them with two wins in Detroit, setting up a crucial game 5 in which San Antonio managed a one-point victory. Detroit would respond with a win on the road in game 6, but had no answer for Duncan and the Spurs' attack and lost the series in game 7. Wallace averaged 10 points and 11.3 rebounds throughout the 2005 playoffs.

Final season in Detroit (2005–2006)
Despite the disappointing Finals' loss, the Pistons returned with a vengeance in the 2005–06 season, with Wallace winning another consecutive Defensive Player of the Year Award, a fifth straight selection to the All-Defensive First Team and another selection to the All-NBA Third Team. He was named an All-Star for the fourth straight season, and led the league in total offensive rebounds with 301. Detroit was dominant throughout the season, winning 64 games and earning the top seed in the conference. The playoffs featured a dominating win over Milwaukee in the first round followed by a grueling 7 game series win against the young Cleveland Cavaliers led by All-Star forward LeBron James. This set up a conference finals rematch with Miami, who had retooled their roster in the off-season. The Pistons struggled throughout the series with the impressive play of Dwyane Wade, who dominated offensively on the way to a 4–2 victory. Miami would go on to win that year's NBA title. Wallace's production fell significantly as compared to previous seasons in the playoffs, as he only averaged 4.7 points per game, 10.5 rebounds and just 1.2 blocks. In the off-season, he would test free agency and eventually signed with the younger Chicago Bulls, thereby ending an era of Detroit Pistons basketball which had relied on him as a defensive and rebounding anchor. In each of the five years that the Pistons made the playoffs with Wallace, Detroit allowed the fewest points per game out of all 16 playoff teams. The same year, Wallace had an altercation with Flip Saunders during Game 6 of the Eastern Conference Finals that drew him even further away from re-signing with the team, as Saunders made the controversial decision to bench him in the entire fourth quarter in that game. Without Wallace, the Pistons fell to third in points per game allowed in the 2007 and 2008 playoffs.

Chicago Bulls (2006–2008)

Wallace agreed to a four-year, $60 million deal with the Chicago Bulls. Chicago Bulls coach Scott Skiles had a strict "no-headband" policy, but decided to make an exception for Wallace when his teammates voted in favor of allowing him to keep the signature headband. Wallace continued to be relied upon as a defensive stopper and rebounder, as the Bulls already featured scoring from Kirk Hinrich, Ben Gordon, and Luol Deng. While his overall averages decreased from previous years, he still managed to average double figure rebounds (10.7 per game) and posted 2 blocks per game for the season. The Bulls won 49 games, and entered the playoffs with a first round matchup against the defending champion Miami Heat. The series would mark the fourth straight year that Wallace faced off with Shaquille O'Neal in the playoffs, and while the Heat were more experienced they also had played an inconsistent regular season with Dwyane Wade missing games due to injury. The Bulls on the other hand were ready to take on the older Heat, and shocked Miami with a four-game sweep with an average win margin of 11 points. Wallace posted 13 points with 11 rebounds in the close out game in Miami, and the Bulls advanced to face his former Pistons team. Despite no longer featuring Wallace and being older, the Pistons dominated the first three games to take a 3–0 lead before Chicago responded at home in game 4 with Wallace scoring 11 points with 17 rebounds. Chicago also went on to win Game 5 in Detroit, but could not extend the series to a seventh game as the Pistons proved too experienced for the younger team. Wallace averaged 8.7 points with 9.5 rebounds in 10 playoff games.

The Bulls looked to improve in the 2007–08 season, but started out with a disappointing 9–16 start before Skiles was removed as head coach. After 50 games, Wallace was dealt to the Cleveland Cavaliers. in a three team trade involving the Seattle SuperSonics, in which the Cavaliers received Wallace, as well as Bulls teammate Joe Smith and Seattle's Wally Szczerbiak and Delonte West, the Bulls received Cavaliers Shannon Brown, Larry Hughes, Cedric Simmons, and Drew Gooden, and the Sonics received Cleveland's Ira Newble and Donyell Marshall and Chicago's Adrian Griffin. During his nearly two-year run in Chicago, Wallace battled with various knee injuries and averaged 5.7 points, 9.7 rebounds, 1.9 assists and 2.0 blocks per game.

Cleveland Cavaliers (2008–2009)

The Cavaliers already featured Zydrunas Ilgauskas as the team's starting center, so coach Mike Brown moved Wallace to the power forward position. Wallace played in 22 regular season games (all starts) and averaged 4.2 points, 7.4 rebounds and 1.7 blocks per game. Wallace had a Cavalier regular season high of 12 points on February 24, 2008, against the Memphis Grizzlies, and had regular season Cavaliers' highs of 15 rebounds against the Charlotte Bobcats and four blocks against the Orlando Magic. In the playoffs, Wallace played in 13 games (all starts) and averaged 3.2 points, 6.5 rebounds and 1.1 blocks per game. He had his playoff high of 12 rebounds in Game 4 win against the Washington Wizards in the first round of the playoffs as the Cavaliers swept the Wizards. The following series would be against the resurgent Boston Celtics. The series would go to seven games, with the Celtics winning the final game at home and Wallace failing to register double figure rebounds in the series.

Even in limited minutes, Wallace had a significant impact on the Cavaliers' defense. Prior to Wallace's first game with the Cavaliers against the Memphis Grizzlies, Cleveland had allowed 98.2 points per game through 55 games. After acquiring Wallace, Cleveland's defense finished the season allowing 96.7 points per game, the ninth best mark in the league. In the 2008 playoffs, the Cavaliers' defense greatly improved, holding opponents to 87.8 points per game and posting a Defensive Rating of 102.1. The Cavaliers ranked first among all 16 teams in both defensive categories for the playoffs, ahead of even the Celtics led by Kevin Garnett, the Defensive Player of the Year.

On June 25, 2009, Wallace was traded to the Phoenix Suns with Sasha Pavlović, a second-round draft pick and $500,000 for Shaquille O'Neal. On July 13, 2009, the Suns bought out Wallace's $14 million contract, saving $8 million in the process. Wallace actually received $10 million but Phoenix was in luxury tax so the savings were effectively doubled.

Return to Detroit (2009–2012)
On August 7, 2009, Wallace agreed to re-sign with the Pistons as a free agent to a one-year deal. He formerly wore jersey number 3 with the Pistons, but changed his jersey to No. 6 upon his return, allowing Rodney Stuckey to keep that number. On July 11, 2010, Wallace agreed to a two-year deal with the Pistons.

On August 4, 2010, Wallace was re-signed by the Pistons. On November 30, 2010, in a 90–79 road loss to the Orlando Magic, Wallace surpassed the 10,000-rebound mark for his career, becoming the 34th player in NBA history to achieve that mark.

On December 22, 2010, in a 115–93 road win over the Toronto Raptors, Wallace played his 1,000th game and became the 95th player in NBA history to achieve this record. On February 14, 2012, Wallace played his 1,055th game, surpassing the record held by Avery Johnson for most games by an undrafted player.

On January 16, 2016, the Pistons retired Wallace's No. 3 jersey.

Player profile
Wallace was listed at , though he stated that he is closer to . Even though his height was more suited for the power forward position, he primarily played as center due to his size, strength and athleticism. He became known for his prolific rebounding and shot blocking, and was voted the NBA Defensive Player of the Year four times in five years, finishing as a close runner-up in the other season. He is one of only five players to collect more blocks than personal fouls (minimum 150 games) and the only player among those to also have more steals than turnovers.

However, Wallace was never a potent scorer, averaging 5.7 points per game in his career. The majority of his points came from offensive put-backs, baskets in transition, or other high-percentage field goals. Wallace also holds the record for worst free-throw shooting percentage in NBA history, at under 42 percent (minimum 1,000 free-throw attempts).

Career achievements

Awards and honors
 NBA champion: 2004
 4× NBA All-Star: 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
 4× NBA Defensive Player of the Year: 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006
 6× All-NBA Defensive Team:
 First Team: 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
 Second Team: 2007
 5× All-NBA Team:
 Second Team : 2003, 2004, 2006
 Third Team : 2002, 2005
 2× NBA rebounding leader (rebounds per game): 2002 (13.0), 2003 (15.4)
 2× NBA rebounding leader (total rebounds): 2001 (1,052), 2003 (1,026)
 NBA rebounding leader (total defensive rebounds): 2001 (749)
 2× NBA rebounding leader (total offensive rebounds): 2003 (293), 2006 (301)
 NBA blocks leader: 2002 (3.5)
 NBA blocks leader (total blocks): 2002 (278)
 Cover player for NBA 2K5
 Number 3 retired by the Detroit Pistons
 Michigan Sports Hall of Fame: 2016

NBA records, achievements and milestones
 Only player in NBA history to record 1,000 rebounds, 100 blocks, and 100 steals in 4 consecutive seasons (2001–2004).
 One of three players in NBA history to record 150 blocks and 100 steals in 7 consecutive seasons (2001–2007) (along with Hakeem Olajuwon and David Robinson).
 One of five players in NBA history to lead the NBA in rebounding and blocking averages in the same season (along with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Bill Walton, Hakeem Olajuwon, and Dwight Howard).
 One of three players in NBA history to average 15 rebounds and 3 blocks per game over a season (along with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Bob McAdoo).
 Only undrafted player in NBA history to be voted a starter for the NBA All-Star Game.
 One of two players in NBA history to receive NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award four times (along with Dikembe Mutombo).
 First undrafted player in modern NBA history to be elected into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.
 Lowest Free Throw Percentage of any player with at least 125 made Free Throws.

Detroit Pistons franchise records
 Most blocks (all-time): 1,486 (2000–2006, 2009–2012)
 Most blocks in
 one game: 10 (November 10, 2002 vs. Miami Heat)
 one half: 7 (February 1, 2003 vs. New Jersey Nets)
 one quarter: 5 (March 10, 2002 vs. Indiana Pacers)
 one season: 278 (2001–02)
 Highest blocks per game average (all-time): 2.3 (2000–2006, 2009–2012)
 Highest blocks per game average (season): 3.48 (2001–02)
 Most efficient defensive box plus/minus career averaging with team: 5.9
 Best franchise defensive win share: 49
 Most steals (one game, playoffs): 7 (Game 4, 2003 Eastern Conference First Round)

NBA career statistics

Regular season

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Washington
| 34 || 0 || 5.8 || .348 ||  || .300 || 1.7 || .1 || .2 || .3 || 1.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Washington
| 67 || 16 || 16.8 || .518 ||  || .357 || 4.8 || .3 || .9 || 1.1 || 3.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Washington
| 46 || 16 || 26.8 || .578 ||  || .356 || 8.3 || .4 || 1.1 || 2.0 || 6.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| 81 || 81 || 24.2 || .503 ||  || .474 || 8.2 || .8 || .9 || 1.6 || 4.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| 80 || 79 || 34.5 || .490 || .250 || .336 || 13.2 || 1.5 || 1.3 || 2.3 || 6.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| 80 || 80 || 36.5 || .531 || .000 || .423 || style="background:#cfecec;"|13.0* || 1.4 || 1.7 || style="background:#cfecec;"|3.5* || 7.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| 73 || 73 || 39.4 || .481 || .167 || .450 || style="background:#cfecec;"|15.4* || 1.6 || 1.4 || 3.2 || 6.9
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#afe6ba;"|†
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| 81 || 81 || 37.7 || .421 || .125 || .490 || 12.4 || 1.7 || 1.8 || 3.0 || 9.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| 74 || 74 || 36.1 || .453 || .111 || .428 || 12.2 || 1.7 || 1.4 || 2.4 || 9.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| style="background:#cfecec;"|82* || style="background:#cfecec;"|82* || 35.2 || .510 || .000 || .416 || 11.3 || 1.9 || 1.8 || 2.2 || 7.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
| 77 || 77 || 35.0 || .453 || .200 || .408 || 10.7 || 2.4 || 1.4 || 2.0 || 6.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
| 50 || 50 || 32.5 || .373 || .000 || .424 || 8.8 || 1.8 || 1.4 || 1.6 || 5.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Cleveland
| 22 || 22 || 26.3 || .457 ||  || .432 || 7.4 || .6 || .9 || 1.7 || 4.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Cleveland
| 56 || 53 || 23.5 || .445 ||  || .422 || 6.5 || .8 || .9 || 1.3 || 2.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| 69 || 67 || 28.6 || .541 || .000 || .406 || 8.7 || 1.5 || 1.2 || 1.2 || 5.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| 54 || 49 || 22.9 || .450 || .500 || .333 || 6.5 || 1.3 || 1.0 || 1.0 || 2.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| 62 || 11 || 15.8 || .395 || .250 || .340 || 4.3 || .7 || .8 || .8 || 1.4
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 1088 || 912 || 29.5 || .474 || .137 || .414 || 9.6 || 1.3 || 1.3 || 2.0 || 5.7
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|All-Star
| 4 || 2 || 21.5 || .400 || .000 || .000 || 7.0 || .5 || 2.0 || 1.2 || 3.0

Playoffs

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2002
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| 10 || 10 || 40.8 || .475 ||  || .436 || 16.1 || 1.2 || 1.9 || 2.6 || 7.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2003
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| 17 || 17 || 42.5 || .486 || .000 || .446 || 16.3 || 1.6 || 2.5 || 3.1 || 8.9
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#afe6ba;"|2004†
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| 23 || 23 || 40.2 || .454 || .000 || .427 || 14.3 || 1.9 || 1.9 || 2.4 || 10.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2005
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| 25 || 25 || 39.2 || .481 || .000 || .461 || 11.3 || 1.0 || 1.7 || 2.4 || 10.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2006
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| 18 || 18 || 35.7 || .465 || .000 || .273 || 10.5 || 1.7 || 1.3 || 1.2 || 4.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2007
| style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
| 10 || 10 || 36.9 || .566 || .000 || .500 || 9.5 || 1.4 || 1.5 || 1.7 || 8.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2008
| style="text-align:left;"|Cleveland
| 13 || 13 || 23.4 || .515 ||  || .350 || 6.5 || 1.2 || .6 || 1.1 || 3.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2009
| style="text-align:left;"|Cleveland
| 14 || 0 || 12.6 || .615 ||  || .000 || 2.7 || .3 || .3 || .3 || 1.1
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 130 || 116 || 34.8 || .482 || .000 || .418 || 11.2 || 1.3 || 1.5 || 1.9 || 7.2

Executive career
In 2018, Wallace joined the Pistons' NBA G League affiliate, the Grand Rapids Drive, as an ownership partner, serving in that role until they became an affiliate of the Denver Nuggets and renamed the Gold. In 2021, he was named the Pistons'  basketball operations and team engagement advisor.

Personal life
Wallace is married to Chanda and is the father of two sons, Ben Jr. and Bryce, and one daughter, Bailey.

Wallace appeared on the cover of ESPN NBA 2K5. An inflatable basketball training aid of Wallace's likeness, called the Inflatable Defender, was manufactured by PlayAir Systems. His sneaker, the Big Ben, was released November 5, 2007 under Stephon Marbury's Starbury label and sold for US$14.98 at Steve & Barry's stores.

In 2011, Wallace was arrested and charged with DWI and carrying a concealed weapon. He was sentenced to a year of probation.

Wallace noted to Arda Ocal of The Score Television Network that he is a fan of professional wrestling, citing some of his favourite wrestlers as André the Giant, Big John Studd, Hulk Hogan, and John Cena.

In March 2014, Wallace was sentenced to a year of jail, with all but two days suspended, after he pleaded guilty to leaving the scene of an accident in Richmond, Virginia on February 8, 2014.

In 2022, Wallace launched his line of cannabis products named "Undrafted" developed in partnership with the cannabis company Rair. Wallace stated: "Cannabis has helped me safely relieve the aches and pains and different stressors that have built up from the many years as an athlete. There's no denying that marijuana has a healing upside for athletes or anyone struggling with pain – so alongside launching the Undrafted brand, the Rair team and I will continue to push to end this stigma associated with cannabis use."

See also

 List of National Basketball Association career rebounding leaders
 List of National Basketball Association career blocks leaders
 List of National Basketball Association career playoff rebounding leaders
 List of National Basketball Association career playoff blocks leaders
 List of National Basketball Association annual rebounding leaders
 List of National Basketball Association single-game blocks leaders

References

External links

1974 births
Living people
21st-century African-American sportspeople
2002 FIBA World Championship players
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Alabama
Businesspeople in the cannabis industry
Centers (basketball)
Chicago Bulls players
Cleveland Cavaliers players
Cuyahoga Community College alumni
Detroit Pistons players
Viola Reggio Calabria players
Junior college men's basketball players in the United States
National Basketball Association All-Stars
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
Orlando Magic players
People from Hayneville, Alabama
People from Lowndes County, Alabama
Power forwards (basketball)
Undrafted National Basketball Association players
United States men's national basketball team players
Virginia Union Panthers men's basketball players
Washington Bullets players
Washington Wizards players
20th-century African-American sportspeople

Ben Wallace (basketball)


الدونغ ، ويعرفون أيضا باسم كام، هي مجموعة عرقية من شعب كام سوي في جنوب الصين، وهي إحدى 56 مجموعة عرقية معترف بها من قبل جمهورية الصين الشعبية.

يبلغ عدد قومية دونغ 2,960,293 نسمة وينتشرون بصورة عامة في مقاطعات هونان وقويتشو وقوانغشي.

و تعتبر الزارعة هي الشكل الإنتاجي لأبناء هذه القومية (دونغ) وبعضهم يعمل في التشجير.

تقع قرى قومية دونغ على ضفاف الأنهار في مناطق جبلية ومعظمهم يسكنون في بيوت لها سياج من طابقين أو ثلاثة طوابق.

ولغة دونغ (كام) ليس لها نص تقليدي خاص بها. يستخدم شعب كام أحيانًا الأحرف الصينية لتمثيل أصوات كلمات كام. تم تطوير الأبجدية اللاتينية في عام 1958، لكنها ليست مستخدمة كثيرًا بسبب نقص المواد المطبوعة والمعلمين المدربين.

مراجع

دونغ
خونان
عرقيات معترف بها من حكومة الصين
قوانغشي
قويتشو
مجموعات عرقية في فيتنام
مجموعات عرقية في لاوس

دونغ (قومية)


Zoe Karbonopsina (grč. Ζωή Καρβωνοψίνα, Zōē Karbōnopsina) bila je bizantska carica kao četvrta supruga cara Leona VI. Mudrog. Bila je rođakinja svetog Teofana, koji je poznat po svojoj kronici. Njezin je ujak ili stric bio Himerios (admiral).

Zoe je postala Leonova konkubina te mu je rodila sina Konstantina 905., koji je poslije postao car Konstantin VII. Porfirogenet. Leon je bio iznimno zadovoljan rođenjem sina jer su njegove dvije prijašnje supruge rodile samo kćeri, dok je treća rodila sina koji je umro kao beba. Dana 9. siječnja 906., Leon je napokon oženio Zoe te je to bio njegov četvrti brak, što je bilo protiv nauka Pravoslavne crkve. Vjenčanje je obavio svećenik Toma. Budući da je carigradski patrijarh Nikola Mistik bio protiv braka, Leon ga je smijenio te je novim patrijarhom postao Eutimije I.

Nakon Leonove smrti 912., novim je carem postao njegov brat Aleksandar, koji je vratio Nikolu na mjesto patrijarha te je naredio Zoe da napusti carsku palaču, ali se ona vratila nakon Aleksandrove smrti, 913. Ipak, Nikola ju je natjerao da ode u manastir sv. Eufemije, ali nakon što je postao dosta nepopularan u narodu, Zoe je preuzela regentstvo za svog sina te tako postala de facto vladarica Bizantskog Carstva. Vladala je zajedno sa svojim prijateljem, generalom Leonom Fokom Starijim. God. 919., Zoe i njezin prijatelj su prestali upravljati Carstvom nakon što je moć preuzeo admiral Roman Lakapen, koji je natjerao Zoe da ponovno ode u manastir. Zoe je pokopana u tom manastiru.

Izvori i bilješke

Bizantske carice

Zoe Karbonopsina


Carole Hillenbrand (née en 1943)  est un érudit islamique britannique qui est professeur émérite d'histoire islamique à l'Université d'Édimbourg et professeur d'histoire islamique à l'Université de St Andrews . Elle est vice-présidente de la British Society for Middle Eastern Studies et membre du Council for Assisting Refugee Academics.

Jeunesse
Hillenbrand est né en 1943 en Angleterre . En 1962, elle s'inscrit au Girton College de Cambridge où elle étudie les langues modernes . Elle fréquente ensuite le Somerville College d'Oxford, où elle étudie l'arabe et le turc .

Carrière académique
Hillenbrand obtient un BA en langues modernes et médiévales de l'Université de Cambridge en 1965 et un BA en études orientales de l'Université d'Oxford en 1972 . Elle obtient son doctorat à l'Université d'Édimbourg en 1979 . Sa thèse, L'histoire de la Jazira 1100-1150: la contribution d'Ibn Al-Azraq al-Fariqi, analyse et traduit une paire de manuscrits de la British Library d'un texte de l'historien Artuqid du  ibn al-Azraq al-Fariqi.

Ses recherches portent sur les croisades, la pensée politique islamique, les concepts médiévaux et modernes du jihad, la littérature de voyage arabe et persane. Le Dr Hillenbrand siège aux comités de rédaction de plusieurs revues universitaires, notamment le Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies et le Conseil consultatif international de l'UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilisational Studies, University of Technology, Malaisie.

En 2005, Hillenbrand est le premier non-musulman à recevoir le prix international King Faisal pour les études islamiques .

Lors des honneurs du Nouvel An 2009, Hillenbrand est nommée Officier de l'Ordre de l'Empire britannique (OBE). En 2016, elle reçoit le prix Nayef Al-Rodhan pour la compréhension culturelle mondiale de la British Academy pour son livre Islam : A New Historical Introduction .

Hillenbrand est nommé Commandeur de l'Ordre de l'Empire britannique (CBE) lors des honneurs de l'anniversaire de la reine 2018 "pour ses services à la compréhension de l'histoire islamique".

Elle est membre honoraire du Somerville College d'Oxford .

Travaux

 Les croisades: perspectives islamiques (2000)
 Islam : une nouvelle introduction historique. Londres : Thames & Hudson Ltd. (2015)

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en mai 1943
Étudiant de l'université d'Édimbourg
Étudiant de Girton College
Étudiant de Somerville College (Oxford)
Commandeur de l'ordre de l'Empire britannique
Officier de l'ordre de l'Empire britannique
Historien des croisades
Professeur à l'université d'Édimbourg

Carole Hillenbrand


Mewtwo, 802 hayali Pokémon karakterinden biridir. Ulusal Pokédex numarası 150'dir. İstatistiksel olarak birinci neslin en güçlü Pokémon'udur. Ayrıca dizinin açılış introsunda yer almasında dolayı, pek çok dünya seyircisi tarafından ilk görülen karakterdir.

Mewtwo, organize suç örgütü Roket Takımı'nın yöneticisi Giovanni tarafından verilen emirle, yeni keşfedilen güçlü bir tarihi Pokémon'un fosil DNA'sı kullanılarak dünyanın en güçlü Pokémon'nunun klonlanması deneylerinin tek başarılı örneğidir. İlk nesil oyunlarda, Cinnabar Adası'ndaki Pokémon Konağı adında terk edilmiş bir mekanda, Mewtwo'nun yaratılışına dair ipuçları ve kronolojik notlar yer alır. Daha sonrasında hikâyenin bütün ayrıntıları Pokémon: İlk Film'de izleyiciyle buluşmuştur.

İnsanların kendini yalnızca bir deney olarak görmesine dayanamayan Mewtwo, sonraları Giovanni'nin karşılıklı çıkar ilişkisine dayalı teklifini kabul eder. Giovanni'nin tek hırsının Pokémon'ları köle gibi kullanmak olduğunu gördükten sonra tüm Pokémon'ların huzur içinde yaşayacağı bir dünya yaratma planıyla Giovanni'nin salonunu yerle bir eder. Çok güçlü bir Pokémon olan Mewtwo, verdiği bu amansız mücadelede sadece insanoğlunun fedakarlık duygusuna yenilecektir. İlk film ve bir özel filmin (Mewtwo'nun Dönüşü) yanı sıra çizgi dizide de üç bölümde görünmüştür.

Mewtwo, İlk Film'in vizyona girdiği dönemde oldukça popüler olan "genetik mühendisliği" ve "canlı klonlama" gündemlerinin bir ürünü gibidir. Basit bir çizgi film ikonu gibi algılansa da, aslında Mewtwo, bilim adamlarının kendilerini sorgulamaları gerektiğini gösterir. Mewtwo, Roket Takımı'nın "dünya hakimiyeti" planlarında başrolü oynamaktadır. Bu bilimin kötü amaçlarla kullanılması (Örneğin, ABD'deki şarbonlu mektuplar, nükleer silahlar gibi) konusuna eğilmekte olduğunu gösterir.

Pokemon Konağı'ndaki Notlar

5 Temmuz - Guyana, Güney Amerika
Ormanın derinliklerinde yeni bir Pokémon keşfedildi.

10 Temmuz
Bu yeni bulunan Pokémon'u "Mew" olarak adlandırdık.

17 Temmuz
Mew'la ilgili pek fikir sahibi değiliz. Daha fazla denek yaratmayı deneyeceğiz.

6 Şubat
Mew doğum yaptı. Yeni doğana "Mewtwo" adını verdik.

1 Eylül
Mewtwo çok güçlendi. Onun kısır eğilimlerini frenleyemiyoruz.

Özel Yetenekleri

 Mewtwo'nun psişik güçleri diğer psişik pokemonların psişik güçlerinden daha yüksek seviyededir.
 Mewtwo telekinetik özelliğini kullanarak uçabilir.
 Mewtwo telepatik güçleri sayesinde konuşabilir.
 Mewtwo telekontrol özelliği olan elleri ile rakip pokemonların hem fiziksel hem özel saldırılarını kendi hiçbir hasara uğramadan aynen rakip pokemona ya da rakip pokemonlara iletebilir. (Mewtwo Pokémon: İlk Filmde Rhyhorn isimli pokemonun Aşağı Alma isimli fiziksel saldırısını Rhyhorn'a iletir. Mewtwo Pokémon: İlk Filmde Gyarados isimli pokemonun Hiper Işın Saldırısı isimli özel saldırısını da aynen Gyarados'a iletir.)
 Mewtwo beynindeki zihin gücü ile patlamalar yaparak gezegendeki herhangi bir yere ağır hasar verebilir. Orayı tamamen yok edebilir. Patlamalarının verdiği hasarın alanını gezegenimizin alanının tamamına kadar genişletebilir. Belki daha fazla da olabilir. Tam sınırı bilinmemektedir. (Mewtwo Pokémon: İlk Filmde kendi yaratanlarının bulunduğu laboratuvarı beynindeki zihin güçleri ile küle çevirir.)
 Mewtwo bir canlının beynini telekontrol özelliği olan elleri ile istediği gibi kontrol edebilir. Böylece o canlıyı istediği gibi yönlendirir ve istediğini yaptırabilir. O canlının imtiyazlarından yararlanabilir. (Mewtwo Pokémon: İlk Filmde pokemon klonlamak için Hemşire Joy'un beynini konrol eder ve ondan pokemon fizyolojisi hakkında bilgiler öğrenir.) Mewtwo psişik güçleri ile canlıya yaşadıklarını unutturabilir. Eğer unutturucu psişik güçlerini bir alana yayarsa o alandaki herkes Mewtwo'nun unutması istediği olayı kolaylıkla unutur. (Mewtwo Pokémon: İlk Filmde insanların pokemonlarla olan ilişkisi ile ilgili düşüncelerinde yanıldığını anlayınca inşa ettiği kalesindeki alanın tamamına unutturucu psişik güçlerini sarıp kopya pokemonlar ile oradan uzaklaşır.)
 Mewtwo zihin gücü ile zihin gücünün kaldırma kapasitesinden düşük olan herhangi bir şeyi kaldırabilir. Kaldırdığı şeyi fırlatabilir. Havaya kaldırıp zihinsel kilidi ile hareketini engelleyebilir ve ona hasar verebilir. Havaya kaldırdığı herhangi bir şey ile birlikte uzağa doğru hareket edebilir. Zihin gücü çok fazla ve en fazla olan pokemon olduğundan pek çok şeyi aynı anda kaldırıp hareket ettirebilir. (Mewtwo Pokémon: İlk Filmde kendisine doğru hasar verme amaçlı koşarak hareket eden bir grup Tauros'u havaya kaldırıp hasar verip işlerini kolaylıkla bitirir.)
 Mewtwo telekontrol özelliği olan elleri ile hava durumunu değiştirebilir. Fırtınalar yapabilir. Yeri sarsabilir. Yer kabuğunu çatlatabilir veya yok edebilir. Bir etken ile oynayabilir. (Mewtwo Pokémon: İlk Filmde havayı yağmurlu/ürkütücü bir hale çevirmiştir ve dalgaların boyunu arttırmıştır.) Mewtwo bir şeyi bir yerden bir yere taşıyabilir. (Mewtwo Pokémon: Mewtwo'nun Dönüşü adlı filmde dağın üstündeki bir gölü bir mağaranın içerisine taşır. Bunu yaparken basınçtan dolayı yer kabuğu sallanır.) Mewtwo bu olayların seviyesini dünyayı yok edebilecek kadar tehlikeli bir seviyeye çıkarabilir. (Mewtwo Pokémon: İlk Filmde fırtınası ile dünyayı yok edecekken insanoğlunun fedakarlığına yenilerek bunu yapmaktan vazgeçer.)
 Mewtwo telepatik güçleri ve telekontrol özelliği olan elleri ile pokemonların özel ve fiziksel saldırılarını istediği kadar süre durdurabilir. (Mewtwo Pokémon: İlk Filmde kopya pokemonlar orijinal pokemonlar ile savaşmadan önce pokemonların özel saldırılarını durdurur.)
 Mewtwo kendi gibi psişik tipi olan pokemonlara karşı bir hayalet tipi ve özel bir saldırı olan Gölge Top saldırısını kullanabilir. (Mewtwo Pokémon: İlk Filmde Mew ile karşı karşıya geldikten kısa süre sonra Gölge Top saldırısını Mew'e karşı kullanır.)
 Mewtwo; Pokemon HeartGold & SoulSilver gibi en yeni pokemon oyunlarında (Mew'den bir gıdım daha az olsa da) pek çok makine saldırısını öğrenebilir. Tahminlere göre düşünme yeteneği en fazla olan pokemondur. İnsandan daha iyi felsefe yapabilmektedir.
 Mewtwo telepatik güçleri ve telekontrol özelliği olan elleri ile kopya poketopları üretebilir. Poketoplarının sayısını sınırsıza kadar çıkarabilir. Poketoplar direkt yakalanacak pokemonun üstüne gitmektedir. Poketoplar pokemona çok yaklaşırsa ya direkt içine alır ya da yandan hızlıca kayarak içine alır. Yandan kaymayı kaçma eğiliminde olan pokemona uygular. Birden fazla kopya poketopu pokemonu kuşatıyorsa ya çevresini sarar ya da her biri farklı bir taraftan yakalamaya hücum eder. Poketopları özel saldırı ile püskürtülebilir. Bu saldırıyı yapan pokemona zaman kazandırır. Fakat poketoplarının enerjileri çok fazla olduğundan yakalanacak pokemon yorulunca poketopun içine hapsolur. (Mewtwo Pokémon: İlk Filmde kendi dünyasını yaratmadan önce yeni yaratılacak dünyada kendi gibi / kopya pokemon çeşitleri istediğinden pokemon maçını kazanır kazanmaz kopya poketoplarını kalesindeki eğitmenlerin pokemonlarının üzerine salar.)

Fiziksel yapısı

 Mewtwo telepatik güçlerini kullandığında beyninden gelen mavimsi ışığın belirtisi gözlerine yansıdığından korkutucu ve mavimsi bir görünüm alır. Beyninden çıkan mavimsi ışığı hareket halinde kullanıyor ve kapalı alanda kullanıyor ise alandaki ışıklar söner ve alanı gölgeli mavimsi bir ışık kaplar. (Mewtwo Pokémon: İlk Filmde eğitmenlerin bulunduğu kısma doğru telekinetik özelliği ile - yukarıdan aşağıya doğru yavaşça - inerken gölgeli bir mavimsi ışık o alanı Mewtwo tam inene kadar kaplar.)
 Mewtwo'nun pokemon olduğunu belli eden fakat yapay olduğunu da belli eden yapay bir fiziği vardır. Mewtwo'nun fiziği yukarıdaki resimde de görüldüğü gibi bir miktarda insana benzer. (Mewtwo'nun pokemon olduğunu bilmeyenler -en yüksek oranla- Mewtwo'nun makine mi, insan mı, pokemon mu olduğunu düşünür.) Buna benzer olay Mewtwo'nun Dönüşü adlı filmde görülür.) Tahminlere göre en çok da Marry Shelly'in Frankenstein'ine benzetilir.
 Mewtwo'nun telekontrol özelliği olan - üç parmaklı - içerisinde bir damarın olup olmadığı bilinmeyen - parmaklarının dışındaki kısmı parmaklar arasına köprü gibi olan iki tane eli vardır. Ellerinin tam merkezine içi beyaz dışı gri kolları bağlanmıştır. Bacaklarının arasında mor renginde (Onix gibi uzaklaştıkça eni azalan) bir kuyruk bulunur. Başının üstünde Alakazam da da olduğu gibi kullanılmayan antene benzeyen kulaklar vardır. Kuyruğunu saran bacakları kemiğe ve Cubone isimli pokemonun özel silahına benzemektedir. Gövdesinin en üst kısmı - boğazının altı olan kısmı bilinmeyen bir şey ile örtülüdür. Örtünün kapladığı yerde telepatik güçleri ile ilgili veya yaşamsal vücut hatlarıyla ilgili bir şeyler bulunduğu tahmin edilir. Yapay - koşulması imkânsız olan - yerde dengede kalmayı sağlayan dışı gri içi beyaz olan iki tane ayağı vardır. Son olarak Charizard isimli pokemonun boğaz şekline benzeyen karnı ve beynine telepatik güçlerinin iletilmesini sağlayan hassas bir kablo gibi bir şeyi vardır. Kablo gibi şey resimde görüldüğü gibi ensesinin arkasındadır. Genel olarak vücudunun dışı gri içi beyazdır.

Hal ve hareketler

 Mewtwo Pokémon: İlk Filmde saldırganca hareket eder. Mewtwo'ya agresif denilebilir. Düşünceleri uymadığında veya düşüncelerini uydurmak için tehlikeli saldırılar yapar. (Mewtwo işin garip tarafı ise asla yenilmez. Çünkü çok güçlüdür.) Agresifliğini arttıran etmenlerden biri de Mewtwo klonlanma aşamasında iken kendi gibi klonlanan Ambertwo isimli arkadaşını kaybetmesidir. Aradan birkaç sene geçer. Mewtwo'nun Dönüşü isimli filmde Mewtwo'nun hal ve hareketleri değişir.
 Mewtwo Mewtwo'nun Dönüşü isimli filmde ise düşüncelerinde normalden de daha az saldırgan - savunmacı bir pozisyon ile hareket eder. (Mewtwo bu sebepten Mewtwo'nun Dönüşü isimli filmde çok güçsüz bir pokemon diye düşünülmektedir.) Mewtwo'ya barışçıl denilebilir. Düşüncelerini uymadığında yeni bir yol düşünür. Çevreyi, canlıları inceler. Tavsiye dinler. Fakat barışçıl modunda olmasının ona zararı dokunur. Pokémon: İlk Filmde Dr. Fuji'nin kontrolündeki laboratuvarı ve içindeki bir sürü makineleri ya da Giovanni'nin mekanındaki makineleri rahatlıkça paramparça etmişken barışçıl modundaki hali iki tane güç emici makine ile baş edemez. Sebebi Mewtwo'nun kopya arkadaşları için savaşmak yerine bilerek istenen şeyi yapması - yani kendini güç emici makinelerin arasına koymasıdır. Bu yöntemi seçmiştir. (Mewtwo henüz o makinelerin ne işe yaradığını bilmemektedir.) Orada Mewtwo seçimi yaparken yanlış düşünür. Böylece hatalı seçim yapar. Makinelerin arasına girer girmez bir anda güçlerini kaybetmeye başlar. Sonradan direnip makineleri yok etse de tüm gücünü kaybeder. Sonra Ash Ketchum sayesinde gücünü geri kazanır. Mewtwo'nun önceden iza edildiği gibi gücünü kaybetmesinin temel sebebi yanlış düşünmesidir. Yanlış düşünmesinin sebebi de en azından normal modda değil defanssal modda olmasıdır. Normal ya da daha saldırgan modda olsaydı hemencecik beyin güçleri ile makinelerin ve diğer engellerin işini saldırıp bitirebilirdi.

Dış bağlantılar
 Pokémon Hikayeleri
 Pokemon Yetenekleri

Kurgusal klonlar
Kurgusal kediler
Film karakterleri
Psişik Pokémonlar
Kurguda telepati
1996'da tanıtılan kurgusal karakterler
İlk nesil Pokémonlar

Mewtwo


පෝෂක පදාර්ථ

පෝෂ්‍ය පදාර්ථ යනු ජීවීන්ගේ පරිවෘත්තිය ක්‍රියාවන් සදහා අවම පරිසරයෙන් ලබා ගන්නා ද්‍රව්‍යයන් වේ. ස්වයං පෝෂි නොවන ජීවීන් පෝෂණය ලබා ගනුයේ බාහිරින් ලබා ගන්නා ආහාර පරිභෝජනය මගිනි. පෝෂණ ද්‍රව්‍ය සිරුර  තුළට ලබා ගන්නා ක්‍රම විවිධ වේ. සතුන්ගේ සිරුර තුල ආහාර ජීර්ණ පද්ධතියක් පිහිටා ඇති අතර ශාක පෝෂ්‍ය පදාර්ථ බාහිර පරිසරය තුල ජිර්ණය කොට ඉන්පසු තම සිරුර තුලට ලබා ගනී. පෝෂ්‍ය පදාර්ථවල බලපෑම එය ලබාගන්නා මාත්‍රාව අනුව වෙනස් වේ.

කාබනික පෝෂ්‍ය පදාර්ථ යටතට කාබෝහයිඩ්‍රේට , ප්‍රෝටීන , මේද සහ විටමින් අයත්වේ. ඛනිජ ලවණ , ජලය සහ ඔක්සිජන් වැනි අකාබනික රසායනික සංඝටකයන් ද පෝෂ්‍ය පදාර්ථ ලෙසට හැදින්වේ. යම් කිසි පෝෂ්‍ය පදාර්ථයක් අදාල ජීවී විශේෂය මගින් තම සිරුර තුළ ප්‍රමාණාත්මකව නිෂ්පාදනය කරගත නොහැකි න්ම් බාහිර ප්‍රභවයයක් මගින් සිරුර තුළට ලබා ගත යුතුය. මේවා අත්‍යවශ්‍ය පෝෂක පදාර්ථ නම් වේ. සාපේක්ෂව විශාල ප්‍රමාණවලින් අවශ්‍ය වන පෝෂක මහා පෝෂක වන අතර ක්ෂුද්‍ර පෝෂක යනු ඉතා සුළු ප්‍රමාණයෙන් අවශ්‍ය වන පෝෂකයන් වේ.

මිනිසාගේ පෝෂණය කෙරෙහි පෝෂ්‍ය පදාර්ථවල භූමිකා පිළිබද වැඩි විස්තර  දැනගැනීම සදහා 'සෞඛ්‍ය සම්පන්න ආහාර වේලක්' පරිශීලනය කරන්න.

මිනිස් සිරුරේ  පෝෂ්‍ය පදාර්ථ වර්ග

ක්ෂුද්‍ර පෝෂ්‍ය පදාර්ථ යන්න විවිධ ක්‍රම මගින් අර්ථ දක්වා ඇත.

	මිනිසුන් විසින් බහුලව පරිභෝජනයට ගන්න‍ා රසායනික සංගටකයන් වනුයේ කාබන්, හයිඩ්‍රජන් , නයිට්‍රජන් ඔක්සිජන්, ෆොස්පරස් හා සල්ෆර්ය.
	මිනිසුන් බහුලවම පරිභෝජනයට ගනු ලබන ඝන විශාල වශයෙන් ශක්තිය ලබ‍දෙන රසායනික සංයෝග කාණ්ඩය වනුයේ කාබෝහයිට්‍රේට්, ප්‍රෝටීන් සහ මේදය ජලය සහ වායුගෝලීය ඔක්සිජන් ද බහුලව පරිභෝජනයට ගැනුනද එය සැමවිටම ආහාරයක් හෝ පෝෂකයක් ලෙසද නොසැලකේ.
	කැල්සියම්, ලවන (සෝඩියම් සහ ක්ලෝරයිඩ්) මැග්නීසියම් සහ පොටෑසියම් (පොස්පරස් සහ සල්ෆර්ද ඇතුලුව) ඇතැම් අවස්ථා වලදී මනා ලවණ ලෙසද හැඳින්වේ.

ඉහත සඳහන් කළ ඒවාට අමතරව ඇති විටමින් ලවණ හෝ සංඝටකයන් ක්ෂුද්‍ර පෝෂක ලෙසට හැදින්වනුයේ ඒවා සාපේක්ෂව ඉතා සුළු ප්‍රමාණ වලින් සිරුරට අවශ්‍ය වන බැවිනි.

ශක්ති ජනක ආහාර
	කාබෝහයිට්‍රේට නිර්මාණය වී ඇත්තේ සීනි වලිනි. කාබෝහයිට්‍රේට නිර්මාණයවී ඇති  සීනි අණු සංඛ්‍යාව අනුව ඒවා වර්ගී කරණය කෙරේ. ඒවා මොනොසැකරයිඩ (උදා - ග්ලුකෝස් සහ ෆුක්ටෝස්) ඩයිසැකරයිඩ් සහ ෙපාලිසැකරයිනෙම් වේ. (උදා - පිෂ්ඨය, ග්ලයිකොවින් සහ සෙලියුලෝස්)
	ප්‍රෝටීන යනු ඇමැයිනෝ අම්ල පෙජටයිඩ් බන්ධන මගින් එකිනෙක සම්බන්ධ වීමෙන් සෑදුනු කාබනික සංයෝගයන් වේ. අත්‍යවශ්‍ය ඇමැයිනෝ අම්ල ලෙස හැඳින්වෙන ඇතැම් ඇමයිනෝ අම්ලයන් සිරුර තුල නිෂ්පාදනය කර ගත නොහැකිය. ඒවා සිරුරට ලබා ගත යුත්තේ ආහාර මගිනි.  ආහාර ජීරණයේදී ප්‍රෝටිසේස මගින් මෙම ප්‍රෝටීන නිදහස් ඇමැයිනෝ අම්ල බවට බිඳ හෙලනු ලැබේ.
	මේදය නිර්මාණය වී ඇත්තේ ග්ලිසරින්  අනුවකට මේද අම්ල 3 ක් සම්බන්ධ වීමෙනි. මේද අම්ල යනු ශාකනය නොවු හයිඩ්‍රෝකාබන දාමයන් වන අතර ඒවා ඒක බන්ධන වලින් පමණක් (සංතෘප්ත මේද අම්ල) හෝ එක බන්ධන හෝ  ද්විතීක බන්ධන යන වර්ග දෙකෙන්ම බන්ධනය විය හැකිය. (අසංතෘප්ත මේද අම්ල) සෛල පටක වල නිවැරදි ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වයට, දෙන අවයව වටා කම්පන අවශේෂයක් ලෙසට දෙන උෂ්ණත්වය සිරුරට පවත්වා ගැනීමට, සහ සෞඛ්‍ය සම්පන්න  සමක් සහ හිසකෙස් පවත්වා ගැනීමට මේදය අත්‍යවශ්‍ය වේ. අත්‍යවශ්‍ය මේද අම්ල සිරුර තුල නිෂ්පාදනය නොකෙරෙන අතර ඒවා ආහාර මගින් සපයාගත යුතු වේ.

මේදයෙහි ග්‍රෑමයට කිලෝ කැලරි 9 ක ශක්ති ප්‍රමාණයක් ද (37.7% කිලෝ ජුල් ගෑම්)
ප්‍රෝටීන සහ කාබෝහයිට්‍රේට වල ග්‍රෑමයට කිලෝ කැලරි හතරක ශක්ති ප්‍රමාණයක් ද (16.7 කිලෝ ජුල්/ ග්‍රෑම්) අන්තර් ගත වේ.
එතනෝල් (මධ්‍යසනි) වල 7 කිලෝ කැලරි / ශ්‍රමයට ශක්ති ප්‍රමාණය් අඩංගු වේ. (29.3 කිලෝ ජුල් / ගෑම්)

පරිවෘත්තීය ක්‍රියාවන් සඳහා උපකාරී වන ද්‍රව්‍ය

	පොදුවේ ගත් කල ආහාර වල ඇති ඛනිජ ලවන වර්ග අංශු මාත්‍ර සංඝටකයන්, ලවණ වර්ග හෝ තඹ සහ යකඩ වැනි අයන වර්ගයන් වේ. මේවායින් ඇතැම් ඛණිජ ලවණ මිනිස් සිරුරේ පරිවෘත්තීය ක්‍රියාවන් සඳහා අත්‍යවශ්‍ය වේ.
	විටමින් යනු දේහයට අත්‍යවශ්‍ය කාබනික සංඝටකයන්ය. ඒවා සිරුරේ විවිධ ප්‍රෝටීන  සඳහා අවශ්‍ය කෝඑන්සයිම සහ සහසාධකය ලෙස ක්‍රියා කරයි.
	ජලය අත්‍යවශ්‍ය පෝෂක සංඝටකයන් වන අතර දේහය තුල සියලුම රසායනික ප්‍රතික්‍රියා සිදු කිරීම සඳහා ද්‍රාවකයන් ලෙසට ක්‍රියා කෙරේ.

පෝෂක පදාර්ථ


Waukon may refer to a place in the United States:

 Waukon, Iowa
 Waukon, Washington
 Waukon Township, Minnesota

Waukon


Orlando Fals Borda (Barranquilla, 11 de julho de 1925 - Bogotá, 12 de agosto de 2008) foi um pesquisador e sociólogo colombiano. Um dos fundadores da pesquisa-ação participativa, foi precursor do pensamento crítico e um dos mais importantes pensadores na América Latina.

Com o padre Camilo Torres Restrepo, e intelectuais como Eduardo Umaña Luna, María Cristina Salazar, Virginia Gutiérrez de Pineda, Carlos Escalante, Darío Botero e Tomás Ducay, fundou em 1959 uma das primeiras faculdades latinas de sociologia, na Universidade Nacional da Colômbia. Tendo navegado entre diferentes saberes e disciplinas, sua perspectiva construiu um vínculo entre a ciência e a política, mudando as relações entre a sociedade e o conhecimento. No final dos anos 1960, desempenhou um papel fundamental na fundação do CLACSO ( Conselho Latino-Americano de Ciências Sociais ). Parte essencial de seu esforço intelectual centrou-se na construção de uma perspectiva da fronteira e da periferia, centrada nas condições de subordinação das sociedades latino-americanas.

Pensador polêmico e militante, Borda desenvolveu uma concepção ética da subversão baseada em um método particular de análise e uma práxis, denominada "subversão positiva". Sua perspectiva também contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de interpretações críticas recentes, como o pós-colonialismo ligado à análise dos efeitos da modernidade da colonialidade nos processos de transformação na América Latina.

Mortos em 2008
Nascidos em 1925
Ativistas da Colômbia

Orlando Fals Borda


Palmer est une ville américaine située dans le comté de Washington, au Kansas. Selon le recensement de 2010, sa population est de .

Liens externes

Ville au Kansas
Comté de Washington (Kansas)

Palmer (Kansas)


Pasaccardoa, rod glavočika smješten u tribus Dicomeae, potporodica Dicomoideae. Postoje 4  vrste iz tropske i Južne Afrike,  .

Vrste
 Pasaccardoa baumii O.Hoffm.
 Pasaccardoa grantii (Benth. ex Oliv.) Kuntze
 Pasaccardoa jeffreyi Wild
 Pasaccardoa procumbens (Lisowski) G.V.Pope

Izvori

Dicomoideae

Pasaccardoa


Rose Creek Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Rose Creek Township (Arkansas)
 Rose Creek Township (Kansas)

Rose Creek Township


Porin 2019. je glazbena nagrada Porin za prethodnu 2018. godinu.

Dodjeljuje se za glazbeni rad, a održano je 29. ožujka 2019. godine u centru Zamet u Rijeci.

Nagrada je ove godine dodjeljivana u 36 kategorija, 10 u izravnom televizijskom prijenosu na HRT-u te 26 u predprijenosu. Voditelji programa bili su Iva Šulentić i Ivan Vukušić, redatelj TV prijenosa Tihomir Žarn, scenograf Tomislav Hrg, producenti Julijana Filakovity i Ivica Vlašić, a scenarist i redatelj dodjele Mario Kovač.

Nominirani i dobitnici

Kategorija br. 1 - Album godine

Kategorija br. 2 - Pjesma godine

Kategorija br. 3 - Novi izvođač godine

Kategorija br. 4 - Najbolji album zabavne glazbe

Kategorija br. 5 - Najbolji album pop glazbe

Kategorija br. 6 - Najbolji album rock glazbe

Kategorija br. 7 - Najbolji album alternativne glazbe

Kategorija br. 8 - Najbolji album klupske glazbe

Kategorija br. 9 - Najbolja ženska vokalna izvedba

Kategorija br. 10 - Najbolja muška vokalna izvedba

Kategorija br. 11 - Najbolja izvedba grupe s vokalom

Kategorija br. 12 - Najbolja vokalna suradnja

Kategorija br. 13 - Najbolji album jazz glazbe

Kategorija br. 14 - Najbolja skladba jazz glazbe

Kategorija br. 15 - Najbolja izvedba jazz glazbe

Kategorija br. 16 - Najbolji album folklorne glazbe

Kategorija br. 17 - Najbolji album etno glazbe

Kategorija br. 18 - Najbolji album klapske glazbe

Kategorija br. 19 - Najbolji album tamburaške glazbe

Kategorija br. 20 - Najbolji album pop-folklorne glazbe

Kategorija br. 21 - Najbolji aranžman

Kategorija br. 22 - Najbolja produkcija

Kategorija br. 23 - Najbolja snimka

Kategorija br. 24 - Najbolji album klasične glazbe

Kategorija br. 25 - Najbolja skladba klasične glazbe

Kategorija br. 26 - Najbolja izvedba klasične glazbe

Kategorija br. 27 - Najbolja snimka albuma klasične glazbe

Kategorija br. 28 - Najbolja produkcija albuma klasične glazbe

Kategorija br. 29 - Najbolji tematsko-povijesni album

Kategorija br. 30 - Najbolji album popularne duhovne glazbe

Kategorija br. 31 - Najbolji album s raznim izvođačima

Kategorija br. 32 - Najbolji koncertni album

Kategorija br. 33 - Najbolji instrumentalni album (izvan klasične i jazz glazbe)

Kategorija br. 34 - Najbolja instrumentalna izvedba (izvan klasične i jazz glazbe)

Kategorija br. 35 - Najbolji video broj

Kategorija br. 36 - Najbolje likovno oblikovanje

Vanjske poveznice

 Službena stranica
 HDS

Izvori

Dobitnici Porina po godinama

Dobitnici Porina 2019.


USS Tambor (SS-198), the lead ship of her class of submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the tambor.

Construction and commissioning
Tambor′s keel was laid down on 16 January 1939 by the Electric Boat Company in Groton, Connecticut. She was launched on 20 December 1939, sponsored by Miss Lucia Ellis, and commissioned on 3 June 1940.

Service history

1940-1941
After fitting out at New London, Tambor got underway on 6 August 1940 for her shakedown cruise which took her to New York City, Washington, D.C., Morehead City, North Carolina, and Houston, Texas. Following further training off Colón, Panama, the submarine returned to New London, Connecticut, before holding her acceptance trials and undergoing a post-shakedown overhaul at the Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine. After conducting live-fire trials on the effectiveness of depth charges, the first of their kind in the U.S. Navy, Tambor reported in May 1941 to the Submarine Force, Pacific Fleet, and the command of Rear Admiral Thomas Withers (COMSUBPAC). Tambor began a routine peacetime patrol in late November 1941.

World War II

December 1941–March 1942
Tambor was off Wake Island when hostilities with Japan broke out with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. She was forced to return to Pearl Harbor with one diesel engine out of commission. Routed back to Mare Island Navy Yard at Mare Island, California, where the damage was repaired, she returned to Pearl Harbor in March 1942.

First war patrol
Tambor began her first war patrol on 15 March 1942 when she stood out of Pearl Harbor to reconnoiter the areas around Wake Island, Truk, New Ireland, New Britain, and Rabaul. In all, she made nine attacks; on 16 April, she fired two torpedoes at tanker Kitami Maru. One hit, and she was credited with a sinking; this was not verified by postwar examination of Japanese records. Tambor returned to Pearl Harbor on 12 May, where her skipper criticized the torpedoes.

Second war patrol
After refitting, she was then assigned to Task Group 7.1. The group of six submarines sailed for Midway Island on 21 May 1942 to begin patrolling a  circle in anticipation of the invasion fleet intelligence had reported was en route there. At 07:15 on 4 June 90 minutes after first reported contact, COMSUBPAC, Admiral Robert H. English, informed his submarines, waiting until after 11:00 to order them to close. Running surfaced, Tambor was strafed by aircraft

At 02:15 on 5 June, Tambor radioed sighting "four large ships"  north of Midway, at a range of . The ships were far enough away to make identification difficult, and the subs on patrol had been warned that "friendlies" might be on patrol in that area.  Murphy changed course to keep contact until he could be sure of their identity.

Shortly after this sighting, Yamamoto ordered the cruisers to turn north, away from their original course for Midway.  Tambor soon sighted them again, at 0238.  The sub was now in front of the Japanese ships, which changed heading again, to the northwest.  At 0258, Murphy turned due west, hoping to put them between him and the moon so their silhouettes would make them easier to identify.  After losing and regaining sight of the cruisers in the dark, Murphy made an educated guess, turning left again, and re-sighted the ships.

At 0400, with the approach of dawn and improving visibility, the general shape of the ships became clear, but it was still not possible to see enough detail to determine exactly whose ships they were.  At 0412, Murphy ordered the signalman to use the signal light to send an ID signal.  When the response was unintelligible, the sub crash-dived.  When there was no attack, the sub was brought to periscope depth, where damage to the cruiser s bow was easily visible.

When Tambor had sailed across in front of the line of cruisers in an effort to see them more clearly, the lead ship had sighted the sub and ordered a change of course.  Mogami had turned a bit late and had collided with , sailing just in front of her, and 40 feet of her bow was compressed and pushed nearly perpendicular to the rest of the ship.  The next day, based on Tambor's report, and following the oil slick, dive bombers found the two damaged cruisers and their destroyer escorts and were able to sink Mikuma—the largest Japanese non-carrier sunk to that point in the war.  This proved to be Tambor's best (and among her only) contribution to the battle.

The captain ordered the sub to pursue the cruisers.  Since surface pursuit would have been suicide, as the cruisers could have easily destroyed  Tambor with their guns, the sub was forced to submerge.  Since best speed while submerged was only nine knots, and the cruisers were estimated as making seventeen knots, they were soon lost. Tambor played no further role in the battle.

On 7 June, responding to a radar contact, Tambor dived.  An exploding bomb damaged both her periscopes and cracked all four battery blower motors.  The bomb probably came from an American B-17; a similar incident had happened the day before, when another B-17 had bombed the submarine USS Grayling, mistaking it for a Japanese cruiser.  Tambor returned to Pearl Harbor on 16 June for repairs.

Along with several other sub skippers, Lt.Cdr. Murphy was promptly relieved of command, for timidity in the face of the enemy in light of Tambor's failure to close with and attack the enemy, or at least identify and properly shadow the Japanese cruiser force so aircraft could be vectored to the location (a regular task for both Japanese and American submarines and the primary purpose for which Tambor was there at all). Lt.Cdr. Murphy's lack of aggressiveness had hampered Spruance's intelligence of the battle and had played an important role in allowing ,  and  to escape almost certain destruction from air attack. Murphy was sent to a shore post, being replaced in command of Tambor by Lt.Cdr. Steven H. Armbruster.

Third war patrol
Her next patrol (now in the hands of Stephen H. Ambruster) began on 24 July 1942 at Pearl Harbor, ending on 19 September at Fremantle, Australia. Tambor searched for enemy shipping in the Marshall Islands. On 7 August near Wotje Atoll, she sank the converted net tender Shofaka with one torpedo which broke her in half. Tambor remained in the Marshalls until 19 August when she was ordered to patrol the southern passages to Truk. As there was time to spare before she was to take station there, she prowled through the Caroline Islands. On 21 August near Ponape, the submarine fired a spread of three torpedoes at a freighter and her escort. The first hit the target amidships and the other two aft, blowing off the stern. Shinsei Maru No. Six quickly sank. On 1 September, she fired four torpedoes at a tanker off Truk and damaged it with one hit. She was credited with two ships for 12,000 tons; this was reduced to 5,800 tons postwar.

Fourth war patrol
Tambor sailed for Hainan Strait on 12 October 1942 and (in part due to torpedo shortages) laid mines. On 3 November, she fired three torpedoes at a freighter, but all missed. The submarine eluded detection and, 30 minutes later, fired two more. One hit amidships, and Chikugo Maru went under by the stern. On 6 November, she fired two torpedoes at a cargo-passenger ship flying the French flag, but both missed. On 10 November, she closed on an unarmed sampan, took its crew on board and sank it by gunfire. Credited with one ship for 10,000 tons (reduced to 2,500 tons postwar), Tambor returned to Fremantle on 21 November for refit, during which her deck gun was replaced by a five-inch (127 mm)/25cal gun.

Fifth war patrol
From 18 December 1942 to 28 January 1943, Tambor patrolled Sunda Strait between Krakatau and Thartway Island. The only target sighted was an enemy destroyer which she attacked on 1 January 1943. The submarine's spread of four torpedoes missed, and she went deep to avoid the 18 depth charges that followed. On 29 December 1942, Fukken Maru was sunk by a mine laid by Tambor.

Sixth war patrol
Tambor sailed from Fremantle on 18 February 1943 to carry out a special mission in the Philippine Islands, in support of "MacArthur's Guerrillas". On 5 March, she landed a small party headed by Lt.Cdr. Charles Parsons with 50,000 rounds of .30 (7.62 mm) ammunition, 20,000 rounds of .45 ACP (11.4 mm) ammunition, and $10,000 in currency on southern Mindanao. On 22 March, she fired three torpedoes at a tanker southwest of Apo Island. {This was the Bugen Maru, which was damaged} Seven days later, she scored one hit on a freighter out of three torpedoes fired and believed it sank; it was not confirmed. The submarine returned to Fremantle on 14 April for refit in which a 20-millimeter gun was installed forward of the bridge.

Seventh war patrol
Tambors seventh patrol (now under Russell Kefauver) took her north of the Malay Barrier from 7 May to 27 June 1943. On 26 May, she fired a spread of three torpedoes at a tanker that all missed. Three days later, three more missed a cargo ship. She tried again several hours later, saw two of the three torpedoes fired score hits, and heard three explosions. As the target was sinking, she fired another spread of three at an accompanying freighter. Some of the crew of Eiski Maru escaped in two lifeboats. On 2 June and on 6 June, she fired spreads of three torpedoes at cargo ships. The first appeared to break in half, and the second seemed to sink; there is no record of the sinkings in Japanese official records. {Eika Maru was sunk 2 June.} On 16 June, Tambor fired her last three torpedoes at a tanker off Cam Ranh Bay but all missed. Her score for the patrol postwar was one ship of 2,500 tons.

Eighth war patrol
Tambor stood out of Fremantle for the last time on 20 July 1943 en route to Lombok Strait. On 27 July the Teiken Maru was sunk by a mine laid by the Tambor On 3 August, she sighted five cargomen and a destroyer in Palawan Passage. Three shots at a freighter produced two hits, and one fired at another target missed; Japanese records do not indicate any sinking. On 21 August, she sighted an unescorted convoy of three tankers and five freighters. She fired five torpedoes at a pair of freighters, but scored no hits. Two more sped toward a tanker and produced one explosion but no apparent damage. The next day, she sighted another convoy heading in the opposite direction. Making a submerged attack, Tambor fired five torpedoes at a large freighter. Three made perfect hits amidships but all failed to explode, and she sank no ships. The submarine set sail for Midway, arriving 7 September. She transited through Pearl Harbor on her way to San Francisco, on 20 November for major overhaul.

Ninth war patrol
Tambor returned to Pearl Harbor on 15 December 1943 and held refresher training during the remainder of the month. She began her ninth war patrol on 5 January 1944. Her assigned area was in the East China Sea. She sighted a Natori-class cruiser on 22 January, but lost contact in a rain squall. Six days later, she contacted a convoy of nine ships heading north and tracked it until 01:56 the next day. She then fired two torpedoes at a cargo ship in a surface attack. Both hit and sent Shuntai Maru down by the bow. An escort headed straight for the submarine and ramming seemed inevitable. Tambor opened fire with her aft 20-millimeter gun and turned hard to port causing the escort to pass  astern. After evading the escort, the submarine tried to regain contact with the convoy but failed.

On 2 February, she began tracking two ships. The following morning, she fired two torpedoes at a cargo ship, and both hit amidships. She directed two more at a tanker, and one hit forward of the target's stack. Both Ariake Maru and Goyo Maru sank. Tambor went deep and remained on the bottom under depth charge attack from 04:18 to 13:15. Ten days later, she encountered another three-ship convoy. In a night surface attack, the submarine fired a spread of three torpedoes at a cargo ship. As Tambor submerged, her crew heard one hit and sank the passenger-cargo ship Ronsan Maru. Her patrol was a success, with four ships confirmed sunk, a total of 18,400 tons.

Tenth war patrol
After refit at Pearl Harbor, Tambor put to sea on 9 April 1944 en route to the Mariana Islands. On 18 April, she attacked a 250-ton trawler loaded with food and fresh vegetables. A boarding party from the submarine killed seven members of the Japanese vessel's crew and captured the second officer. The Americans removed the ship's papers and left her afire and sinking. {This was the gunboat "Shinku Maru No. 3"} On 10 May, she contacted an eight-ship convoy, escorted by five destroyers and two destroyer escorts. In a submerged attack, Tambor fired four torpedoes at a cargo ship and heard two explosions, then went deep, taking 50 depth charges from the escorts. Tambor surfaced later and attempted to close the convoy once more. However, a destroyer picked her up and subjected her to another depth charge attack.{The sunk ship was the "Keiyo Maru"} On 26 May she scored two hits which sank Chigo Maru (650 tons). Tambors tenth patrol ended at Midway on 2 June.

Eleventh war patrol
The submarine (now in the hands of William J. Germershausen) conducted her next patrol in the waters off southern Hokkaidō and the Kuril Islands from 16 July to 23 August 1944. She fired three torpedoes at a freighter on 28 July and heard three explosions. However, a dense fog prohibited her seeing the results. {possibly the escort  reported to have been damaged by "unknown cause"} On 13 August, Tambor made a surface attack against a cargo ship and then photographed Toei Maru (2,300 tons) as she lowered two lifeboats and sank in 20 minutes. After returning to Midway, Tambor continued to Pearl Harbor for refit.

Twelfth war patrol
Tambor returned to Midway on 6 October 1944, and sailed the next day for the Tokyo Bay area. On 15 October, she fired four torpedoes at three radar pips and heard one explosion. She was forced to go deep to evade 26 depth charges. She emerged with no damage. Four days later, she attacked an escort with four torpedoes and heard four explosions, but no sinking was verified. The submarine returned to Saipan from 8 to 10 November, then resumed her patrol, now one of six members of the wolfpack "Burt's Brooms" (named for Thomas B. Klakring, commanding SubDiv 101).

Shortly before midnight on 15 November, Tambor fired three torpedoes at a patrol boat, but scored no hits. Forty-five minutes later, three more missed. At 06:10, the submarine's commander decided to battle on the surface with his deck guns; the escort fired back, and a Tambor crewmen was severely wounded. Thirty minutes later, as the target began to sink, Tambors crew took two prisoners from the water. She transferred them and the wounded crewman to  on 18 November. {The sunken vessel was the guardship "Takashiro Maru"}Tambor ended her last war patrol at Pearl Harbor on 30 November 1944, to be retired from combat.

Routed onward to the United States, Tambor arrived at San Francisco on 10 December 1944. After an extended overhaul, the submarine sailed for Puget Sound on 9 March 1945. Upon her arrival, Tambor began training operations with Navy patrol aircraft under Fleet Air Wing 6. World War II ended with the cessation of hostilities with Japan]] on 15 August 1945 (14 August on the other side of the International Date Line in Hawaii).

Post-World War II
On 17 September 1945, Tambor departed the United States West Coast for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. She was decommissioned there on 10 December 1945 and placed in reserve.

In April 1947, Tambor was assigned to the Ninth Naval District to train United States Naval Reserve personnel, and reported to the Naval Reserve Training Center, Detroit, Michigan, on 8 December 1947. Tambor remained on this station until 1959.

Tambor was drydocked at Toledo, Ohio, on 2 October 1953, the first-ever drydocking of a submarine on the Great Lakes.  The shipyard had to remove her deck guns to get her light enough to fit on the blocks.  She spent five weeks in drydock for a routine overhaul, being covered in  of paint, including six coats on her anchor chain.

Disposal
In 1959 a Board of Inspection and Survey found Tambor unfit for further naval service. She was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 September 1959 and subsequently sold for scrap.

Honors and awards
 Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with 11 battle stars for World War II service

Notes

References
 Blair, Clay, Jr. Silent Victory. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1975.
 Lenton, H.T. American Submarines. New York: Doubleday & Co., 1973.
 Schultz, Robert. We Were Pirates. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 2009.  plus Webcast Author Interview

Tambor-class submarines
World War II submarines of the United States
Ships built in Groton, Connecticut
1939 ships

USS Tambor


Aesculus pavia, known as red buckeye or firecracker plant (formerly Pavia rubra), is a species of deciduous flowering plant. The small tree or shrub is native to the southern and eastern parts of the United States, found from Illinois to Virginia in the north and from Texas to Florida in the south. It is hardy far to the north of its native range, with successful cultivation poleward to Arboretum Mustila in Finland.

It has a number of local names, such as scarlet buckeye, woolly buckeye and firecracker plant.

Description
The red buckeye is a large shrub or small tree. It reaches a height of , often growing in a multi-stemmed form. Its leaves are opposite, and are composed usually of five elliptical serrated leaflets, each  long. It bears  clusters of attractive dark red tubular flowers in the spring. The flowers are hermaphrodite. The smooth light brown fruits, about  or so in diameter, reach maturity in early fall.

The flowers are attractive to hummingbirds as well as bees.

Varieties
There are two varieties:
Aesculus pavia var. pavia: typical red buckeye.
Aesculus pavia var. flavescens: yellow-flowered red buckeye.

The yellow-flowered variety, var. flavescens, is found in higher country in Texas, and hybrids with intermediate flower color occur.

Ornamental cultivars, such as the low-growing 'Humilis', have been selected for garden use.

Hybrids
Red buckeye has hybridized with common horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) in cultivation, the hybrid being named Aesculus × carnea, red horse-chestnut. The hybrid is a medium-sized tree to  tall, intermediate between the parent species in most respects, but inheriting the red flower color from A. pavia. It is a popular tree in large gardens and parks, most commonly the selected cultivar 'Briotii'. Hybrids of red buckeye with yellow buckeye (A. flava) have also been found, and named Aesculus × hybrida.

Uses
The fruits are rich in saponins, which are poisonous to humans, although not particularly dangerous because they are not ingested easily. The seeds are poisonous. The oils can be extracted to make soap, although this is not viable commercially.

Gallery

References

External links
 photo of Yellow Red Buckeye
 Aesculus pavia images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu

pavia
Trees of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
Trees of the North-Central United States
Trees of the Southern United States
Trees of the Southeastern United States
Trees of the South-Central United States
Trees of the United States
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Trees of the Great Lakes region (North America)

Aesculus pavia


Aleksanterinkatu () er en gade i det centrale Helsinki, Finland.

Gaden strækker sig fra Præsidentslottet til Mannerheimintie (svensk: Mannerheimvägen), der er Helsinkis længste gade. Aleksanterinkatu løber forbi flere berømte bygninger, bl.a. Ridderhuset, Helsinki Domkirke, Nordeas finske hovedkontor, Helsinki Universitets hovedbygning og stormagasinet Stockmann.

Aleksanterinkatu, i daglig tale kaldet "Aleksi", blev opkaldt efter zar Alexander 1. af Rusland i 1833. Den hed oprindeligt Suurkatu (svensk: Storgatan), men blev omdøbt efter zarens død i 1825. Flere af de gader, der krydser Aleksanterinkatu, er opkaldt efter zarens brødre og søstre.

Ved juletid bliver Aleksanterinkatu overdådigt pyntet med julelys.

Sporvognslinjerne 2, 3, 4, 4T, 7A og 7B kører langs Aleksanterinkatu, men kun 4 og 4T kører hele gadens længde.

Aleksanterinkatu er også navnet på hovedgaden i den finske by Lahti (svensk: Lahtis). Der findes også en Aleksanterinkatu i Tampere (svensk: Tammerfors) og Oulu (svensk: Uleåborg).

Helsinki

Aleksanterinkatu


Mihai Popescu poate fi una din următoarele persoane:
 Mihai Popescu, actor;
 Mihai Popescu, handbalist;
 Mihai Popescu, fotbalist;
 Mihail Popescu, general.

Mihai Popescu (dezambiguizare)


Danilo Antônio Baltieri (mais conhecido como Danilo Baltieri) é um psiquiatra brasileiro especialista em transtornos sexuais. Ele é conhecido por seu trabalho no tratamento psiquiátrico de pessoas com pedofilia e outras acusadas de crimes sexuais, e por seus estudos sobre o assunto.

Baltieri é mestre, doutor e Professor Livre-Docente pelo Departamento de Psiquiatria da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Em 2003, ele fundou o Ambulatório de Transtornos da Sexualidade da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (ABSex), um instituto que oferece tratamento terapêutico a pessoas com pedofilia, em Santo André (São Paulo).

Colunista do site VyaEstelar

Vida pessoal
Baltieri nasceu em uma família italiana no início dos anos 70. Ele considera-se católico, mas diz incomodar-se com o fanatismo religioso.

Segundo uma reportagem do UOL, ele atende em um bairro nobre de São Paulo.

Posições científicas

Tratamento psiquiátrico para pessoas com pedofilia
Sem prejuízo às sanções judiciais em caso de crimes, Baltieri é a favor do tratamento da pedofilia também como um transtorno mental dentro e fora das penitenciárias, a fim de reduzir futuros abusos sexuais.

Em 2019, Baltieri criticou o governo brasileiro pela sua falta de investimentos em prevenir o abuso sexual infantil mediante tratamentos psiquiátricos. Em suas palavras, a falta de investimentos na área se dá porque o tratamento psiquiátrico de pedófilos "não dá votos".

Prevalência da pedofilia entre abusadores sexuais
Baltieri defende que, em sua experiência, a prevalência de pedófilos entre seus pacientes acusados de crimes sexuais é de 20% a 30%.

Controvérsias

Advocacia em favor da castração química
Em 2007, Baltieri foi criticado pela comunidade médica pelo seu posicionamento a favor da castração química de certos criminosos sexuais.

Em resposta, sua proposta foi comparada por outros colegas de profissão como "medieval" e análoga a experimentos nazistas de campos de concentração. O Cremesp (Conselho Regional de Medicina de São Paulo) entrou com uma sindicância contra o psiquiatra, que foi extinta em 2010.

Segundo uma reportagem de 2019, Baltieri defende que apenas 5% dos pedófilos precisam de castração química. Baltieri é a favor da adoção do termo "tratamento hormonal" ao invés de "castração química".

Psiquiatras do Brasil
Brasileiros de ascendência italiana

Danilo Baltieri


Gondwana (o Gondwâna) es el antiguo nombre de una región de India central, situada a caballo entre Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, y Orissa, que correspondía a la zona de asentamiento de los aborígenes gondíes, que en el pasado allí fueron la población principal y hegemónica.

Antecedentes
Desde el  hasta el , los gondíes se organizaron en varios reinos que dominaron esta región, construyendo ciudades amuralladas (la primera fundada en Sirpur hacia 1240), y acumulando grandes riquezas. Durante su período de hegemonía, la ciudad capital de los Gonds cambió varias veces su emplazamiento, particularmente a Chanda y a Mandlâ.

Los territorios gondíes, gobernados por Durgâvatî, reina de origen Chandela que desposó a un rajá gondí, fueron conquistados por Abûl Hasan Âsaf Khân, el padre de Mumtâz Mahal, por cuenta de Akbar, en 1564. No obstante esta conquista, los gondíes conservaron una relativa independencia durante el Imperio mongol, ya que los vencedores se contentaron con pruebas de sumisión así como con pagos esporádicos de tributos. Posteriormente, cuando el Imperio maratha se constituyó en el , los reinos gondíes ofrecieron poca resistencia, y la población aborigen optó por refugiarse en las zonas más seguras y de más difícil acceso. En ese tiempo, el Gondwana estuvo integrado a los territorios del rajá Bhonsle de Nagpur hasta el año 1853, momento de la entrada de los británicos.

El supercontinente Gondwana, surgió durante la fragmentación del continente Pangea, y fue así nombrado por Eduard Suess, proponiendo precisamente dicho nombre por la citada región de la India.

Véase también
 Gond
 Garha Katanga
 Aborígenes de India

Enlaces externos

Regiones históricas de Asia
Geografía de India
Geología de India

Gondwana (India)


Les Miracles Jumeaux, aussi appelés Miracle de Savatthi (en pali), ou Miracle de Śrāvastī (en sanskrit), est l'un des miracles attribués au Bouddha Gautama. Il existe deux versions principales de l'histoire qui varient dans certains détails. Le récit pali du miracle se trouve dans le Dhammapadattakatha et la version sanskrite dans le Pratiharya-sutra. Les bouddhistes le pensent exécuté sept ans après l'illumination du Bouddha, dans la ville indienne antique de Savatthi. Selon les textes bouddhistes, lors du miracle, le Bouddha émet simultanément du feu de la moitié supérieure de son corps et de l'eau de la moitié inférieure de son corps, avant de les étendre pour illuminer le cosmos. Ce miracle fut accompli lors d'un concours entre Gautama Bouddha et six maîtres religieux rivaux. Dans la tradition bouddhiste sanskrite, c'est l'un des dix actes indispensables que tous les bouddhas doivent accomplir au cours de leur vie, et l'un des « Trente grands actes » dans la tradition de commentaire pali. Le miracle lui-même fut accompli deux fois, le Bouddha à Kapilavastu, et à Savatthi. Il est considéré comme le plus grand miracle de Siddhârta Gautama et comme une chose qui ne peut être accomplie que par des bouddhas pleinement éveillés.

Le miracle de Kapilavastu
Selon les textes bouddhistes, lors du retour du Bouddha à Kapilavastu (sa ville natale) après son illumination, ses compagnons de tribu refusèrent de s'incliner devant lui du fait de sa jeunesse. Afin de s'assurer qu'ils lui accordent le respect approprié en tant qu'éveillé, le Bouddha lévite et émet de l'eau et du feu de son corps et alterne leurs positions. Il en résulte que le père du Bouddha, le roi Suddhodana, s'incline devant lui avec respect, le reste de la tribu Shakya faisant de même. Lorsque le Bouddha revint au sol et s'assit, de la pluie se mit à tomber, mais seulement sur les personnes voulant se mouiller. À la suite de cet événement, le Bouddha raconte le Vessantara Jātaka.

Le miracle de Savatthi

Contexte
Selon le récit pali, à l'époque du Bouddha, un riche trésorier suspendait un bol en bois de santal en l'air avec une corde, dans l'espoir de trouver un être éveillé qui puisse s'envoler et le prendre. Pendant six jours, des enseignants de six autres confessions religieuses essayèrent de tromper le trésorier pour qu'il leur donne le bol, mais ils échouèrent. Le septième jour, la nouvelle parvint à l'un des disciples du Bouddha, Pindola Bharadvaja, qui se mit alors à voler et à prendre le bol, convertissant ainsi le trésorier au bouddhisme. Sur le chemin du retour au monastère, il accomplit de nouveau ce miracle devant ceux qui n'avaient pu le voir.

Lorsque le Bouddha en entendit parler, il réprimande Pindola pour avoir utilisé des pouvoirs supranormaux à cette fin, et établit une règle interdisant un tel comportement. Entendant parler de cette règle, six enseignants jaloux de confessions rivales défièrent le Bouddha, pensant qu'il ne montrerait pas de miracle. Dans le récit sanskrit de l'événement, l'histoire du bol en bois de santal est absente et les six enseignants jaloux, confiants en leurs propres pouvoirs supranormaux, défient le Bouddha à un tournoi de miracle dans l'espoir de gagner des adeptes.

Le tournoi des miracles

Selon le récit pali, les six enseignants rivaux se présentent chez le roi Bimbisara de Magadha pour parrainer le concours. À la surprise des maîtres rivaux, le Bouddha accepte le défi, déclarant que, de la même manière qu'il est interdit aux sujets de cueillir dans le verger royal, mais pas au roi lui-même, la règle interdisant les miracles s'applique à ses moines, pas à lui. D'après le récit sanskrit, les enseignants rivaux se rendent d'abord chez le roi Bimbasara pour organiser le concours mais le souverain refuse. Ils vont alors chez le roi Pasenadi de Kosala qui accepte d'accueillir le tournoi, à condition que le Bouddha soit d'accord. Dans cette version, le Bouddha déconseille à ses disciples de réaliser de tels miracles, mais le fait lui-même car tous les bouddhas sont censés accomplir les miracles jumeaux.

Le Bouddha déclare qu'il accomplira le miracle à Savatthi le jour de la pleine lune d' Ashala Puja quatre mois après, au pied d'un manguier. Selon la version pali de l'histoire, les enseignants rivaux, voulant éviter le tournoi, déracinent tous les manguiers de la région avant le concours de miracles. Le jour du tournoi, un jardinier royal trouve une mangue sur le sol qu'il s'apprête à donner au roi, mais il l'offre au Bouddha, le voyant passer. Lorsque l'heure du concours de miracles approche, le Bouddha mange la mangue et plante la graine devant la porte de la ville, après s'être lavé les mains. Un manguier plein pousse immédiatement. Dans la version sanskrite de l'événement, l'épisode de la mangue est absent, mais le Bouddha accomplit à la place d'autres miracles précurseurs dans les jours précédant le tournoi. Par exemple, il manipule l'air pour éteindre un incendie et il restaure les mains et les pieds du frère du roi Pasenadi, qui victime d'une punition injuste.

Le Bouddha crée d'abord une passerelle ornée de pierres précieuses dans les airs et se prépare à accomplir le miracle pour la foule d'observateurs, mais plusieurs de ses disciples interviennent. Chacun propose de réaliser un miracle différent à la place du Bouddha pour aider ce dernier, mais il refuse chaque demande. Le disciple Maha Moggallana est le dernier à le proposer, sa requête est aussi rejetée. Siddhârta déclare alors qu'il doit accomplir le miracle lui-même, car c'est l'un des devoirs d'un bouddha. Debout au sommet de la passerelle ornée de pierres précieuses, le Bouddha entre dans un état méditatif et émet du feu de la moitié supérieure de son corps et des jets d'eau de la moitié inférieure, puis commence à alterner le feu et l'eau entre les positions, créant un éventail de six couleurs. Ces deux éléments jaillissent ensuite pour illuminer le cosmos sous les applaudissements du public, alors que le Bouddha enseigne le Dhamma aux observateurs en marchant le long de la passerelle ornée de pierres précieuses. Dans la version en sanskrit, Bouddha crée plusieurs copies de lui-même.

À la fin du miracle, c'est au tour des chefs religieux rivaux d'accomplir un miracle mais ils sont incapables de bouger. Un vent fort renverse le pavillon qu'ils ont préparé pour le tournoi et les professeurs rivaux s'enfuient, l'un d'eux se suicide. Le Bouddha poursuit le miracle et procède à la création d'un unique duplicata de lui-même, puis la copie lui pose des questions auxquelles il répondrait à son tour afin d'enseigner à l'auditoire.

On dit qu'après le miracle, le Bouddha monta au paradis de Tavatimsa pendant trois mois pour passer sa retraite des pluies et enseigner l'Abhidhamma à sa mère décédée, conformément à ce que tous les bouddhas sont censés avoir fait après avoir accompli le miracle.

Références

Bibliographie

 Brown, Robert L. (1984). Les Miracles rāvastī dans l'Art de l'Inde et Dvāravatī, Archives of Asian Art 37, 79-95
 Foucher, Alfred (1914). Le Grand Miracle de Sravasti aux débuts de l'art bouddhique, Paris : P. Geuthner, pp. 147-284.

Liens externes

 Légendes Bouddhistes Le Miracle Jumeau

Siddhartha Gautama

Miracles jumeaux


Pescina ist eine italienische Gemeinde (comune) mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) in der Provinz L'Aquila in den Abruzzen. Die Gemeinde liegt etwa 45 Kilometer südöstlich von L'Aquila am Parco naturale regionale Sirente-Velino. Pescina ist Teil der Comunità Montana Valle del Giovenco.

Geschichte
In Pescina befindet sich die Konkathedrale des früheren Bistums Marsi, heute: Bistum Avezzano. Der Bischofssitz des Bistums Marsi befand sich zunächst in der Nachbargemeinde San Benedetto dei Marsi  und wurde 1580 nach Pescina übertragen. Mit dem Erdbeben von 1915, das weite Teile Pescinas zerstörte, erfolgte 1924 die Verlegung nach Avezzano.

Verkehr
Durch die Gemeinde führt die Autobahn A25 von Pescara Richtung Provinz Rieti. Der Bahnhof von Pescina liegt an der Bahnstrecke von Rom über Sulmona nach Pescara.

Söhne und Töchter der Stadt
 Piero Pacini (1440–1513), Buchdrucker
 Jules Mazarin (1602–1661), Kardinal und Erster Minister unter Ludwig XIV.
 Michel Mazarin (1605–1648), Kardinal
 Ignazio Silone (1900–1978), Schriftsteller
 Luciano Zauri (* 1978), ehemaliger Fußballspieler (Verteidiger/Mittelfeld)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in den Abruzzen

Pescina


Malonogometni klub "Heroji 2007" (MNK Heroji 2007; Heroji 2007 Vodice; Heroji 2007; Heroji) je futsal (malonogometni) klub iz Vodica, Šibensko-kninska županija, Republika Hrvatska.
Natječe se u "2. HMNL - Jug".

O klubu
MNK "Heroji 2007" je osnovan 2011. godine u čast na stradale vatrogasce u "Kornatskoj tragediji" u kolovozu 2007. godine. Klub je s ligaškim natjecanjima započeo u "Županijskoj ligi Šibensko-kninskoj" koju osvaja u sezoni 2014/2015 te nakon kvalifikacija ulazi u "2. HMNL - Jug" u kojoj nastupa i danas. Klub organizira futsal školu malog nogometa kao i memorijalni malonogometni turnir "Ovo nije kraj". Od zapaženijih rezultata kluba su viceprvaci "2. HMNL-Jug te juniorski državni viceprvaci u sezoni 2018/2019.

Uspjesi
2. HMNL - Jug
 doprvak: 2018/20191. ŽMNL Šibensko-kninska
 prvak: 2014/2015
 doprvak: 2013/2014

''' Juniorsko prvenstvo Hrvatske
 doprvak: 2018/2019

Plasmani po sezonama

Poznati igrači

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Vodice
 Kornatska tragedija

Vanjske poveznice
 MNK Heroji 2007, facebook stranica
 sportilus.com, MALONOGOMETNI KLUB HEROJI 2007
 infovodice.com, Heroji 2007
 crofutsal.com
 hrfutsal.net

Izvori

 hrfutsal.net, MNK Heroji 2007: U sjećanje na poginule prijatelje vatrogasce na Kornatima , objavljeno 16. studenog 201., pristupljeno 30. rujna 2019.
 hrfutsal.net, Osnovani su u spomen na vatrogasce s Kornata, a cilj im je prva liga , objavljeno 2. svibnja 2019., pristupljeno 30. rujna 2019.
 zupanijska.com, Prvaci ŽMNL od 1971. do danas, wayback arhiva
 bisnode.hr, MALONOGOMETNI KLUB "HEROJI 2007"
 poslovna.hr, MALONOGOMETNI KLUB HEROJI 2007

Heroji 2007
Vodice

MNK Heroji 2007 Vodice


Lech Aleksander Kaczyński (d. 18 Haziran 1949, Varşova - ö. 10 Nisan 2010, Smolensk, Rusya), 2005-2010 arasında Polonya Cumhurbaşkanı, 2002-2005 arasında da Varşova Belediye Başkanı olan Polonyalı siyasetçi. Aynı zamanda  eski başbakan Jarosław Kaczyński'nin ikiz kardeşidir. 10 Nisan 2010 tarihinde Rusya'da bir uçak kazasında eşiyle birlikte ölmüştür.

Biyografi
Varşova'da mühendis bir babayla filolog bir annenin çocuğu olarak doğdu. Varşova Üniversitesi'nde hukuk eğitimi aldı. İş hukuku alanında uzmanlaştı. 1970'lerdeki ülkedeki komünist rejime karşı olan bir bağımsız işçi sendikası hareketi içinde yer aldı. 1980'de Gdańsk tersanesindeki İşletmelerarası Grev Komitesi'ne danışman oldu, aynı zamanda Solidarność (Dayanışma) hareketine de katıldı. Aralık 1981'de ilan edilen sıkıyönetim sırasında gözaltına alındı. Serbest bırakıldıktan sonra yeraltına çekilen Solidarność hareketine katıldı. 1980'lerin sonlarında Solidarność'un yasal hale gelmesinden sonra Kaczyński Lech Wałęsa'nın danışmanı oldu. Nisan 1989'dan itibaren hükûmet ile Solidarność ve diğer muhalefet grupları arasında yapılan Yuvarlak Masa Görüşmeleri'ne katıldı.

Solidarność'un kazandığı haziran 1989'da yapılan ilk kısmi serbest seçimlerde senatör seçildi ve Solidarność'un başkan yardımcılığına getirildi. 1990'da Lech Wałęsa'nın cumhurbaşkanlığı adaylığını destekledi ve danışmanlığını yaptı. 1991'de yapılan parlamento seçimlerinde bağımsız olarak parlamentoya seçildi. Wałęsa tarafından Başkanlık Konseyi'nde güvenlik bakanlığına getirildi, ancak 1992'de bu görevden aldı.

1992-1995 arasında Yüksek Denetim Konseyi başkanlığı, adalet bakanlığı ve Jerzy Buzek'in hükûmetinde Polonya başsavcılığı (2001-2002) görevlerinde bulundu. Tüm bu görevleri sırasında yolsuzluklara karşı takındığı tavizsiz tutumla halk arasında takdir topladı. 2001 yılında, kardeşiyle beraber muhafazakâr Hak ve Adalet Partisi'ni (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość – PiS) kurdu. 2001-2003 arasında bu partinin başkanlığını yaptı.

2002'de ezici çoğunlukla Varşova belediye başkanlığına seçildi. Göreve başlarken yolsuzluğa karşı savaş açtığını belirtti. 2004'te Varşova Gettosu Ayaklanması Müzesi'ni açtı. Eşcinsel yürüyüşlerini iki kez engelledi. Kaczyński bu uygulaması yüzünden 2007 yılında Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi tarafından Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi'nin 11. maddesine göre toplantı özgürlüğünü ihlal ettiğine karar verildi.

Cumhurbaşkanlığı
Mart 2005'te cumhurbaşkanlığı adaylığını açıkladı. Kaczyński, 23 Ekim 2005 tarihinde yapılan cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimlerinin ikinci turunda aldığı yüzde 54 oy oranıyla rakibi Donald Tusk'ı yenerek ve Polonya Cumhurbaşkanı seçildi. 23 Aralık 2005'te yemin ederek göreve başladı. Dış politikada Polonya'nın enerji güvenliğini garanti altına almaya yönelik bir siyaset güttü. 2006'da Helsinki'de yapılan Avrupa Birliği-Rusya görüşmesinde, Rusya'nın Polonya'nın et ve tarım ürünlerine uyguladığı ithalat yasağına misilleme olarak Rusya-AB ortaklık görüşmelerinin başlatılmasını veto etti. 2009'da Sırbistan'a yaptığı ziyarette Polonya'nın Kosova'nın bağımsızlığını tanıma kararından hoşnut olmadığını açıkladı.

Ölümü
Ana madde: Smolensk Uçak Kazası 2010

10 Nisan 2010 tarihinde, Lech Kaczyński, eşi Maria Kaczyńska ve diğer Polonya heyeti üyelerini Katyn Katliamı'nın anısına yapılacak törene katılmak üzere Varşova'dan Smolensk'e götüren Tupolev Tu-154 model yolcu uçağı Smolensk Hava Üssü'ne yaklaşması sırasında pistin yaklaşık 1 km  uzağında ormanlık araziye düştü. Kazada uçakta bulunan 89 yolcu ve 7 kişilik mürettebatın tamamı yaşamını yitirdi.

Cenazesi ertesi gün Polonya'ya getirildi. 17 Nisan'da Varşova'da yapılan devlet töreninin ardından, ertesi gün yapılan toplu ayinin ardından Kaczynski ve eşi krallar, azizler ve ulusal kahramanların mezarlarının bulunduğu Kraków'daki Wawel Katedrali'ne defnedildi.

Ödülleri
 Haydar Aliyev Nişanı

Galeri

Kaynakça

1949 doğumlular
Varşova doğumlular
2010 yılında ölenler
Polonya cumhurbaşkanları
Polonya adalet bakanları
Polonyalı çocuk oyuncular
Hukuk ve Adalet mensubu siyasetçiler
Varşova Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler
Haydar Aliyev Nişanı sahipleri
Aziz George Zafer Nişanı sahipleri
İkizler
Havacılık kazalarında ve olaylarında ölen kişiler
Polonyalı hukukçular
Polonyalı Roma Katolikleri
Polonyalı antikomünistler
Rusya'da kazalarda ölenler
Infante D. Henrique Liyakat Nişanı sahipleri
Polonia Restituta Büyük Haç Nişanı sahipleri
Siyasi parti liderleri
Beyaz Kartal Onur Nişanı sahipleri (Polonya)

Lech Kaczyński


كريستوف ديلموتي  (9 يونيو 1969 في كومينز) لاعب كرة قدم فرنسي الجنسية بلجيكي المولد معتزل كان يجيد اللعب في مركز قلب الدفاع كما كان يجيد اللعب أيضا في مركز الوسط المدافع .

بدأ ديلموتي مسيرته الرياضية في نادي لنس سنة 1991 وانتقل بالإعارة لمدة موسم واحد إلى نادي سيدان (1993-1994) ونادي كان (1994-1995) ثم انتقل إلى نادي ليون سنة 1997 حيث ساهم في فوز النادي ببطولة دوري الدرجة الأولى موسمين 2001-2002 و2002-2003 وبطولة كأس الدوري الفرنسي موسم 2000-2001 . انتقل بعدها إلى نادي ستاد رانس سنة 2004 ثم انتقل إلى نادي بريست في سنة 2006 واعتزل نهائيا لعب كرة القدم في سنة 2007 .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
فرنسيون من أصل بلجيكي
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو بريست
لاعبو رانس
لاعبو سيدان
لاعبو كان
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو لنس
لاعبو أولمبيك ليون
مواليد 1969

كريستوف ديلموتي


Válber Costa (født 6. december 1971) er en tidligere brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Válber Costa


Onthophagus kiuchii é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus da família Scarabaeidae da ordem Coleoptera.

História
Foi descrita cientificamente pela primeira vez no ano de 1995 por Masumoto.

Referências

Ligações externas

kiuchii
Coleópteros descritos em 1995

Onthophagus kiuchii


Serdar Kulbilge (d. 7 Temmuz 1980, Tekirdağ), Türk eski millî futbolcu ve antrenör.

Kariyeri

Kulüp takımları kariyeri

Bursa Merinosspor

Bursa Merinosspor kulübünde profesyonelliğe atım attı. 1998-1999 sezonunda 3. Lig'de forma giydikten sonra Bursaspor'a transfer oldu.

Bursaspor
Alt yapısında yetiştiği Bursaspor'da 6 sezon formasını giydi.

Fenerbahçe SK
Bursaspor'dan Fenerbahçe'ye gelmiştir. Volkan'dan kaleyi devraldıktan sonra çok başarılı maçlar çıkartarak millî takıma yükselme başarısı göstermiştir. İlk millî maçı Türkiye'nin Romanya'ya 2-0 yenildiği maçtır.

Fenerbahçe'de 22 numaralı formayı taşımaktaydı.
2006-2007 sezonu 2. yarıda gösterdiği performasla göz doldurmuştur. Fenerbahçe ile mukavelesi bitmiş ve futbolcuyla anlaşılamamıştır. Kulüpten ayrıldığını açıklamıştır. Fenerbahçe ile sözleşmesi sona eren ve sarı-lacivertli kulüple anlaşamayan kaleci Serdar, Kulübüme rest çektiğim haberleri doğru değil. Maddi anlaşmazlık nedeniyle ayrıldım diye konuşmuştur.

Kocaelispor
2008-2009 sezonu için Süper Ligin yeni ekiplerinden Kocaelispor ile anlaşmıştır.Kocaelispor'da 19 maçta kaleyi korumuştur.

Gençlerbirliği SK
Kocaelispor'un ligden düşmesiyle beraber Serdar 2009-2010 sezonundan itibaren Gençlerbirliği ile 1 yıl opsiyonlu 3 yıllık bir anlaşma yapmıştır. Gençlerbirliği'nde 64 maçta kaleyi korumuştur.

Boluspor
2012-2013 sezonunda Boluspor ile anlaşmıştır. Boluspor'da 24 maçta kaleyi korumuştur.

Gaziantepspor
2013-2014 sezonu ara transfer döneminde Gaziantepspor'la anlaşmıştır. Burada toplam 12 maçta kaleyi korumuştur.

Adana Demirspor
12 Ağustos 2014 tarihinde 1. Lig ekiplerinden Adana Demirspor ile 1 yıllık sözleşme imzalamıştır.

Kayserispor
Kayserispor'a 2014-15 dönemi ara transfer döneminde gelen oyuncu ilk kez Kayserispor formasını ise 23 Ocak 2015'te oynan 1. Lig maçında Şanlıurfaspor'a karşı giydi.

Emeklilik
Serdar Kulbilge, Eylül 2018'de futbolu bıraktığını duyurmuş, ve antrenör olarak futbola hizmet edeceğini söylemiştir.

Şike Davası
Serdar Kulbilge, şike davası kapsamında 11 Temmuz 2011 tarihinde "Şike yapmak" iddiasıyla gözaltına alındı. Daha sonra savcılık tarafından ifadesi alınan Kulbilge, tutuksuz yargılanmak üzere serbest bırakıldı.

Mahkeme Kararları
Serdar Kulbilge, İstanbul 16. Ağır Ceza Mahkemesinde görülen şike davasında beraat etmiştir. Beraat kararı Yargıtay 5. Ceza Dairesi tarafından da onanmıştır.

Ayrıca Serdar Kulbilge Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu tarafından yapılan sportif yargılamada PFDK tarafından "Müsabaka sonucunu etkilemeye teşebbüs" gerekçesiyle 2 yıl müsabakalardan men cezası ile cezalandırılmıştır. Ancak Serdar Kulbilge karara itiraz etmiş; TFF Tahkim Kurulu bu cezayı kaldırmıştır. Bunun yerine "Sportmenliğe aykırı hareket" gerekçesiyle 3 maç men cezası vermiştir.

Başarıları

Kulüp takım başarıları
 Süper Lig Şampiyonluğu (1): 2006/07           (Fenerbahçe ile)
 UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi Çeyrek Final: 2007/08 (Fenerbahçe ile)
 Türkiye Süper Kupası Şampiyonluğu (1): 2007 (Fenerbahçe ile)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 kicker dergisi Resmî İnternet Sitesi - Serdar Kulbilge Profili

 weltfussball.de İnternet Sitesi - Serdar Kulbilge Profili

1980 doğumlular
Hayrabolu doğumlular
Türk erkek futbolcular
Gençlerbirliği SK futbolcuları
Kocaelispor futbolcuları
Fenerbahçe SK futbolcuları
Bursaspor futbolcuları
Bursa Merinosspor futbolcuları
Türkiye millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Yaşayan insanlar
Süper Lig futbolcuları
Türkiye 21 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
1. Lig futbolcuları
Türkiye A2 millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Türkiye 19 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Türkiye 18 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Kaleci futbolcular

Serdar Kulbilge