Exhibition Place is a publicly owned mixed-use district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located by the shoreline of Lake Ontario, just west of downtown. The  site includes exhibit, trade, and banquet centres, theatre and music buildings, monuments, parkland, sports facilities, and a number of civic, provincial, and national historic sites. The district's facilities are used year-round for exhibitions, trade shows, public and private functions, and sporting events.

From mid-August through Labour Day each year, the Canadian National Exhibition (CNE), from which the name Exhibition Place is derived, is held on the grounds. During the CNE, Exhibition Place encompasses , expanding to include nearby parks and parking lots. The CNE uses the buildings for exhibits on agriculture, food, arts and crafts, government and trade displays. For entertainment, the CNE provides a midway of rides and games, music concerts at the Bandshell, featured shows at the Coliseum, and the Canadian International Air Show held over Lake Ontario just south of Exhibition Place. The fair is one of the largest and most successful of its kind in North America and an important part of the culture of Toronto. In the fall, the Coliseum hosts the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair.

The buildings on the site date from the 1700s to recent years. Five buildings on the site (the Fire Hall/Police Station, Government Building, Horticulture Building, Music Building and Press Building), were designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1988. The grounds have seen a mix of protection for heritage buildings along with new development. The site was originally set aside for military purposes and gradually given over to exhibition purposes. One military building remains.

The site

Exhibition Place is a rectangular site located length-wise along the north shoreline of Lake Ontario to the west of downtown Toronto. The site is mostly flat ground sloping down gently to the shoreline. It was originally forested land, and was cleared for military use. Sections east and south of the Stanley Barracks building were filled in the early part of the 20th century. Today, the district is mostly paved, with an area of parkland remaining in its western section. There is a large open paved area in the southern central section, which is used for parking and the temporary amusements of the Canadian National Exhibition (CNE). The site has a variety of historic buildings, open spaces and monuments. The eastern entrance to Exhibition Place is marked by the large ceremonial Princes' Gates, named for Edward, Prince of Wales, and his brother, Prince George, who visited in 1927. The roads are all named after Canadian provinces and territories except for Princes' Boulevard, which is the main street east to west. Several of the roads are used for the annual Grand Prix of Toronto car race. South of the grounds is Ontario Place, a theme park built in 1971 on landfill in Lake Ontario, and operated by the government of Ontario.

The site also has a long history of sports facilities on the site, starting with an equestrian track and grandstand. The grandstand eventually was converted for use by music concerts, major league baseball and football teams. The newest sports facility to be built is the soccer-specific stadium, BMO Field. There is also an arena, the Coliseum, home to professional ice hockey. The site was used for several sports venues of the 2015 Pan American Games.

The site is administered by the Board of Governors of Exhibition Place, appointed by the municipal government of Toronto. As of 2014, the organization had 133 full-time employees, up to 700 during major events, contributed  annually to the City of Toronto, and attracted 5.3 million visitors annually to the site. The grounds are  in area.

History of the grounds

The small fort Fort Rouillé was built by French fur traders in 1750–1751 as a trading post on the site of today's grounds. The area was an important portage route for Native Americans, and the French wanted to capture their trade before they reached British posts to the south. It was burned by its garrison in 1759 after other French posts fell to the British on Lake Ontario.

When the Town of York, the predecessor of Toronto, was inaugurated in the 1790s, the land to the east and west of the garrison (later Fort York) was reserved for military purposes. This includes all of today's Exhibition Place. Years later, the British military decided to replace Fort York with New Fort York (later the Stanley Barracks), to be located to the west of the existing fort. To finance this, the military sold the eastern half of the reserve. In 1840–1841, they constructed a series of six limestone buildings and several smaller ones. The fort was surrounded by a wood fence as elaborate defensive works were never built. The fort was turned over to the Canadian military in 1870, which named it Stanley Barracks in 1893.

The Provincial Agricultural Association and the Board of Agriculture for Canada West inaugurated the Provincial Agricultural Fair of Canada West in 1846, to be held annually in different localities. For the 1858 fair, to be held in Toronto, a permanent "Palace of Industry" exhibition building, based on London's Crystal Palace, was built at King and Shaw Streets in what is now Liberty Village. The site held four more fairs until the 1870s when the City of Toronto government decided the exhibition had outgrown the site. The City signed a lease with the Government of Canada for a section of the western end of the reserve in April 1878. The Palace of Industry was moved to a site on the reserve near today's Horticulture Building, reconstructed and expanded. The City sold the King and Shaw site to the Massey Manufacturing Company.

The 1878 Provincial Agricultural Fair was held on the grounds. When Ottawa was chosen to host the 1879 fair, Toronto decided to hold its own fair. First called the Toronto Industrial Exhibition, it was held in the Crystal Palace and temporary buildings. At first, the eastern part of the site was still reserved for military purposes, the exhibition held on the western part of the reserve, where many of the oldest exhibit buildings are located. As time went by, more and more of the reserve was taken over for exhibition purposes, including a horse track and grandstand, and exhibit buildings.

Development of permanent buildings

In 1902, after the Government of Canada announced it would sponsor a major exhibition at the site in 1903, the Toronto City Council decided to rebuild the exhibition site. In 1903, the Government of Canada reached an agreement to transfer the remaining military reserve to the City of Toronto. Under the agreement, military uses were permitted to continue until such time that replacement facilities were built. Included in this was Old Fort York, which the City committed to preserve. The building campaign saw the building of fifteen permanent buildings designed by architect G. W. Gouinlock from 1903 until 1912, including the surviving Press Building, Horticulture Building, Government Building, Music Building and Fire Hall / Police Station. The new buildings were elaborately designed and set in an attractively landscaped site. At the conclusion of the building campaign, the name was officially changed to the Canadian National Exhibition. The five remaining buildings were declared a historic site in 1988.

Several of the older buildings were lost to fire during this time, including the first Grandstand and the Crystal Palace (known as the Transportation Building) in 1906. In 1910, the Dufferin Gates were replaced with a more elaborate arch and out-buildings on each side. During World War I, the Government Building was used as a barracks for soldiers, and a tent camp was set up on the site of the current Ontario Government Building (now Liberty Grand). The Dufferin Gates were patrolled by soldiers.

When the CNE became the world's largest annual fair in 1920, a 50-year plan was launched following the urban design and architectural precedents of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Chapman and Oxley prepared the 1920 plan, which emphasized Beaux-Arts architecture and City Beautiful urban design. The Empire Court was to be a monumental central space with a triumphal arch and gates and monumental exhibition buildings with courtyards.

During the 1920s, the exhibition grounds were expanded to the west and to the east, as well as to the south, where reclaimed land was used to build Lake Shore Boulevard (originally "Boulevard Drive"), connecting downtown with Toronto's growing western suburbs. The Coliseum, to host the new Royal Agricultural Winter Fair, was opened in 1921, followed by the Government of Ontario Building in 1926, the Princes' Gates in 1927, and the Electrical and Engineering Building in 1928. By the 1930s, the Beaux-Arts style faded in popularity. The start of the trend for a new style of architecture arguably became evident in the construction of the Automotive Building in 1929, the first building that moved away from the Beaux-Art architecture envisioned by the 1920 plan, mixing clean modern lines with classical ornamentation. In 1931, the Horse Palace was built, replacing temporary stables used for the Winter Fair. The Horse Palace used Art Deco ornamentation. In 1936, the Art Deco Bandshell was constructed for open-air music concerts.

During the Second World War, the exhibition grounds became Toronto's main military training grounds. The CNE, and virtually all other non-military uses of the lands ceased. The CNE was not held between 1942 and 1946, when the land and its facilities were turned over to the Department of National Defence as a training ground. The Graphic Arts Building housed Red Cross facilities, the Coliseum became the RCAF Manning Depot, the Horse Palace was used for barracks and the Automotive Building became the shore facility HMCS York for the Royal Canadian Navy. After World War II, the buildings were used as a demobilization centre. The CNE would resume again in 1947, as the Canadian military returned the grounds back to its civilian administrators.

Post World War II
After the military vacated Stanley Barracks, the CNE made plans for the Barracks' demolition. However, until 1951, the buildings were used for emergency housing. The first phase of demolition in 1951 demolished all of the wooden buildings, leaving only the original stone buildings. In 1953, despite public opposition, three of the remaining four stone buildings were demolished for parking, leaving only the Officers' Quarters. In 1955, the Quarters found its first CNE use, for Sports Hall of Fame exhibits before being turned into a year-round Maritime Museum in 1959.

A new phase of building construction followed, replacing buildings destroyed by fire, demolished for the Gardiner Expressway, or needed expansions. The new buildings, mostly in the central block of the site, exhibited a new Modernist style of architecture. In 1946, the third Grandstand burned down. In its place was built the fourth Grandstand, a massive concrete construction and monumental cantilevered steel roof was a sharp contrast to the other buildings around it. The Modernist trend continued with the construction of other buildings and monuments typifying the modernist style including the Food Building (1954), the Shell Oil Tower (1955), Queen Elizabeth Building (1957) and the Princess Margaret Fountain (1958).

In the later 1950s, the new six-lane Gardiner Expressway was pushed through the north side of the grounds, cut below grade in the western section of the grounds, and an elevated section in the eastern section. This necessitated the demolition of the Dufferin Gate, the Women's Rest building and the Machinery Hall. The new parabolic arch Dufferin Gate was built in 1959.

On January 3, 1961, the Manufacturer's Building and the Women's Building (the one built prior to the Queen Elizabeth Building) were destroyed by fire. The buildings were replaced by the Better Living Centre, which came with a distinctive Mondrian-inspired ornament on its roof. In 1961, the Hall of Fame building opened north of the Grandstand to house Canada's Sports Hall of Fame and the Hockey Hall of Fame. In 1963, the Coliseum was re-clad with a modernist south facade. To replace its exhibit in the Ontario Government Building, the Government of Ontario built Ontario Place on artificial islands to the south of Exhibition Place (accessible via two foot bridges).

Coinciding with the opening of the ultra-modern Ontario Place to the south, a new master plan for the Exhibition site was developed in 1971. The 1971 Master Plan was radical, calling for the demolition of many pre-World War II buildings, new Modernist buildings, and a massive central public space with a reflecting pool and fountains on the site of Exhibition Stadium, which was to be relocated. The plan proposed the demolition of the Fire Station, Art Gallery, General Exhibits Building, Railways Building, Government Building, Ontario Government Building, Automotive Building, Transportation Building, Band Shell, Grandstand, Shell Tower and the 1959 Dufferin Gate. A monorail was proposed to move people around the site and to and from the parking lots. It had first been proposed to connect Union Station and the Exhibition Grounds. Dufferin Street was to be connected to Lake Shore Boulevard, a new four-lane road along the north of the site and a new 1800-place parking lot taking the place of buildings to the west of Dufferin.

The plan resulted in some demolition, such as the Electrical and Engineering Building in 1972 (allegedly in poor structural condition) and the General Exhibits Building and Art Gallery, which were in the path of the new road. In 1974, the International Building, (formerly the Transportation Building), to the west of the bandshell, burnt down. It was hosting an exhibit on Spain during the CNE when it caught fire and was destroyed. The building was demolished and not replaced, the site left vacant and has since used mostly as a parking lot. The 1971 plan was abandoned after Exhibition Stadium was redeveloped and enlarged to host Major League Baseball in 1977. The site officially became Exhibition Place, partly in recognition that very little of the site was retained as parklands.

In 1978, to celebrate the centenary of the fair, a copy of the original 1913 music bandstand was built on the site of the original in the park north of the Horticulture Building. North of the park a new structure designed to resemble the 1870s-era exhibition buildings was added. The buildings host mostly children's activities during the CNE. The park was renamed Centennial Square and is also used for corporate picnics.

In 1986, the streets were turned into a high-speed open-wheel car racing circuit for the first time. The race, known today as the Honda Indy Toronto, has taken place annually since, and is part of the IndyCar Series. The streets of Exhibition Place are closed off to regular traffic and a closed circuit is made through the grounds and along Lake Shore Boulevard. The race meant the end of the landmark Bulova/Shell Oil observation tower.

In 1987, the Music Building, which had closed due to structural problems, was gutted by fire. The 1907 exterior was restored and a new interior was built.

New emphasis on year-round use
In the 1990s, budget pressures on the City of Toronto led to a new emphasis on the self-sufficiency of Exhibition Place. It saw the tear-down of the permanent midway buildings and the Flyer roller coaster. The City planned to charge rent to the midway's operator, Conklin Shows, which chose to tear down the buildings instead and set up temporary rides each year for the CNE.

The new National Trade Centre (now the Enercare Centre) trade show building, planned since the 1971 plan, was built on the vacant Electrical Building site to host more and larger trade shows year-round. It incorporated the Coliseum and Annex buildings to create one large exhibit space. In 2003, the Coliseum (now the Coca-Cola Coliseum) was rebuilt and expanded to provide a home for professional ice hockey. It is currently the home of the Toronto Marlies team from October to April each year.

The trend to utilize the grounds year-round to cover the grounds' expense, continued with the rental of the Arts & Crafts Building to the Medieval Times theatre company, the Ontario Government Building was rented to become event space known as "Liberty Grand", and the Horticulture Building became a night club known as "Muzik." The Automotive Building was turned over to private management and is used exclusively for private events and conferences & has become known as the "Beanfield Centre" since 2017 by virtue of a naming rights agreement.

In 1999, Exhibition Stadium, mostly vacant after the opening of the downtown SkyDome stadium, was demolished. The site was vacant until 2007, when the new BMO Field soccer stadium, a public-private partnership, was built on the site to bring Major League Soccer to Toronto. The new soccer stadium also meant the end of the Hall of Fame building. The Hockey Hall of Fame had vacated earlier for downtown Toronto. A portion of the Hall of Fame façade was retained as one of the entrances to the new stadium. As a demonstration project, a WindShare wind turbine was built to the west of the Fort Rouillé site. The wind turbine has since been renamed ExPlace Wind Turbine.

During the 2000s, the Exhibition Place grounds has seen several proposals for new uses. In July 2005, the City of Toronto asked for aquarium proposals from private enterprises. The only two respondents, Ripley Entertainment and Oceanus Holdings, suggested that they would be interested provided the location was closer downtown or had better transit access and parking. When the City of Toronto was considering the construction of a permanent casino, the CNE was the site of several proposals. The aquarium was built next to the CN tower and the City chose not to build a permanent casino.

Two new buildings have been added at Exhibition Place. In the north-west corner, the Toronto Raptors basketball team built the Biosteel Centre (now the OVO Athletic Centre), a practice facility which is shared part-time with the community. In the south-east, along Lake Shore Boulevard, the Hotel X Toronto was constructed on the site of New Fort York. The foundations of several of the New Fort York buildings were revealed as part of the development. The hotel was built to complement the facilities of the Enercare and Allstream Centres. The soccer stadium was recently expanded, and adapted to allow it to host the Canadian Football League's Toronto Argonauts.

2015 Pan Am and Parapan Games

In July 2015, Exhibition Place was the site of sporting venues for the 2015 Pan American Games. The collection of sites was referred to as "CIBC Pan Am Park" and each building was given a venue name. The Enercare Centre and Coliseum buildings were used for indoor sports, temporary facilities for beach volleyball were built south of BMO Field and a watercourse laid out on Lake Ontario. As a result of the games, the 2015 Toronto Honda Indy was scheduled in June to allow for time for the site to prepare for the Pan Am Games. As well the site was wound down in time for setup for the 2015 Canadian National Exhibition (scheduled to open August 21).

Buildings
While the CNE only lasts for a few weeks at the end of the summer, many major permanent buildings and other structures have been built over the years. Most are used for other purposes throughout the year.

The west end of the grounds is the original site of exhibitions and the oldest buildings are located here. There are five purpose-built fair buildings designed by architect G. W. Gouinlock: the Horticulture Building, built in 1907; the Government Building, built in 1912; the Music Building, built in 1907; the Administration Building, built in 1905; and the Fire Hall/Police Station, built in 1912. Just south of Dufferin Gate is Centennial Square, a green space with a bandstand. The Ontario Government Building was added later in 1926. The Bandshell, modeled after the famed Art Deco Hollywood Bowl was built in 1936, replacing a 1906 bandstand. North of the Bandshell is Bandshell Park, a large open green space for gatherings. Near the Bandshell is the 1790s Scadding Cabin, the only building dating to the 1879 inaugural exhibition. There are two large fountains; the Princess Margaret Fountain and the Shrine Monument Fountain south of the Bandshell. To the west of Bandshell park, the former International Building site is now a parking lot, and there is a parking lot in the north-west corner of the site.

The central block contains more recent 1950-1960s buildings, which are all replacements for earlier buildings, and are larger than the buildings to the west: the Better Living Centre (exhibition space), the Queen Elizabeth Building complex (theatre, exhibition and administration sections) and the Food Building. The BMO Field soccer stadium, built in 2007, is situated on the site of the 1947 Grandstand and the 1961 Halls of Fame building. South of BMO Field is a large open parking lot and midway area. The CNE plans to make the area a public square, and move the parking underground. South of the central section are two pedestrian bridges over Lake Shore Boulevard to the Ontario Place complex.

The east block was the most active area of military usage and retains the only military building left on the site, the Stanley Barracks Officers' Quarters, dating to the 1840s. The area is a mix of buildings, including the older Coliseum, Horse Palace and newer buildings. The section is dominated by the exhibition complex of the Enercare Centre, Coliseum and the Industry Building. The Horse Palace (which adjoins the Coliseum and is used for equine shows and quartering), the Automotive Building (which was once used for car shows and is now a conference centre) and the General Services Building are all older exhibition buildings dating from the 1920s. The new "Hotel X" project includes a display of foundations of New Fort York which once occupied part of the site.

Sports venues
Exhibition Place was also home to Exhibition Stadium, which was built out of the fourth Grandstand by adding two extra wings of seats. The original grandstand had been constructed in the late 1800s and was re-modelled, replaced, or destroyed over the years. It served as home to the CFL's Toronto Argonauts between 1958 and 1988 and the Toronto Blue Jays (AL) between 1977 and 1989. The two teams left for SkyDome (now Rogers Centre) in 1989. After it lost many stadium concert tours to Rogers Centre, and many other outdoor concerts to the nearby Budweiser Stage (then known as Molson Amphitheatre) at Ontario Place, its usefulness was at an end. The stadium was demolished in 1999 to serve as parking and allow a more sprawling midway. However, on October 26, 2005, the City of Toronto approved the construction of a 20,000 seat soccer stadium (BMO Field) on Exhibition Place land.

Exhibition Stadium (former stadium)

The CNE has been host to four grandstands since its inception. The third grandstand, designed by G. W. Gouinlock, was built in 1907 and had a capacity of 16,000. It burned down in 1946, subsequently leading to the construction of the fourth (known as CNE Grandstand), built in 1948. Designed by architects Marani and Morris, this building was the first of what would prove to be several Modernist buildings built on the CNE grounds, its distinctive and bold cantilevered truss roof dominating the grounds for over 50 years. It initially housed 22,000 people, but was expanded over the years to a maximum of 54,000 in order to accommodate the additional seating required for major professional sports teams who made CNE Grandstand their home. It became the home base for the Toronto Argonauts football team, and later, to the Toronto Blue Jays baseball team. Architect Bill Sanford designed the alterations for baseball in 1976.

A stock car race held on the grounds marked a historical race;  on July 18, 1958, Richard Petty made his NASCAR Grand National Series debut at Exhibition Stadium.

In addition to sports, CNE Grandstand was the stage for many entertainers over the years. Famous comedians who were featured there included Bob Hope, Victor Borge, and Bill Cosby. Similarly, many well-known musical acts made an appearance at the venue, ranging from Duke Ellington, Guy Lombardo, Benny Goodman, The Beach Boys (appearing there 11 times between 1974 and 1990), The Monkees, Sonny & Cher, to Melissa Etheridge, The Who,  Simon & Garfunkel, Sinéad O'Connor, Billy Idol, Nine Inch Nails and Tina Turner. After the grandstand was demolished, open-air concerts during the CNE have been held at the Bandshell.

The Blue Jays and Argos left the open-air Exhibition Stadium for the retractable roofed Skydome (now, the Rogers Centre) in 1989. By that time it was recognized that the building was beginning to visibly decay, and was little used in its final decade of existence. Though it was the earliest of the modernist-style buildings on the grounds, it was the only one not to become a historically listed building. It was finally demolished in 1999.

BMO Field (current stadium)

In 2007, the open-air BMO Field soccer-specific stadium was constructed on the site of the former Exhibition Stadium and the Canada Sports Hall of Fame buildings. The Hall of Fame building had been vacated by the Hockey Hall of Fame and was demolished to make way for the stadium. The stadium was built to host Toronto FC, the Major League Soccer (MLS) team as well as the Canadian national soccer team. Capacity is approximately 31,000 people. It opened on April 28, 2007, the start of the 2007 MLS season. Under the FIFA-sanctioned name "National Soccer Stadium", it was the center-piece venue for the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup. It was expanded for the 2015 season and had a new roof installed for the 2016 season. In conjunction with the stadium construction, Princes' Boulevard was re-routed to the south of the stadium.

Coliseum

The Coliseum (1922, now part of the Enercare Centre complex) is an indoor arena. It is an example of Beaux-Arts design by City architect George F. W. Price and renovated by Brisbin Brook Beynon, Architects. Its main entrance was originally to the north, and the building was remodelled with a Modernist façade main entrance to the south in 1963. The original façade was restored when the Enercare Centre was built. It is home to the minor league Toronto Marlies professional ice hockey team during the winter months. Every November, it is used for the "Royal Horse Show" component of the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair annually in November.

OVO Athletic Centre

In another partnership with Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, the new OVO Athletic Centre (originally known as the Biosteel Centre) was completed in 2016 at the west end of Exhibition Place on parking lot lands. The facility is a practice facility for the Toronto Raptors National Basketball Association team. It has two basketball courts. The facility displaced some parkland, including a baseball diamond on the site used for a CNE tournament.

Exhibit buildings

Better Living Centre

One of the Modernist buildings on the site, the original purpose of the Better Living Centre was to introduce new ranges of consumer goods to the baby boomer generation, making it a "space of encounter between consumer and product". For many people attending the CNE, the building hosted their first encounters with such technologies as colour television, transistor radios or home computers. It also became the place where people would expect to see the latest models of various consumer goods, ranging from vacuum cleaners to kitchen appliances.

The building's stark modernist architecture, made up of large white forms, a vast flat roof and harsh angles, suited its futurist themes. The building was designed by architects Marani, Morris and Allan and was opened by Toronto mayor Nathan Phillips on August 17, 1962. It was built on the former site of the Manufacturers' building, which burned down in 1961. The new building replaced the exhibit space of the Manufacturers' Building and the General Exhibit Building.

The CNE no longer uses the Better Living Centre for its original purpose of introducing consumers to the latest and greatest products during the CNE. Instead, it has been divided in two. One-half hosts the CNE Casino for the month of August, while the other half is the "Farm, Food and Fun" pavilion during the CNE.

The building is used at other times of the year for special events. It hosts an indoor amusement park during March Break and a Hallowe'en exhibit "Screamers" during the month of October.

Enercare Centre

The Enercare Centre (1997), along Princes' Boulevard,  has seven exhibit halls with  of space. The new building, first known as the National Trade Centre, took over the location of the old TTC streetcar loop and CNE entrance and the open space vacant since the Electrical and Engineering Building was demolished. It is interconnected with the Coliseum and the Industry Building to the north to provide one large, configurable exhibition space. Home to the Toronto International Boat Show, the National Home Show, the One of A Kind Show, and the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair. Designed by architectural teams Zeidler Partnership Architects and Dunlop-Farrow Architects. During the exhibition, the building houses international product displays and animal shows.

Food Building
The Food Building (1954) was built to replace the original Pure Food Building (c. 1922 and demolished 1953). It was designed by Richard A. Fisher. Water cascades down the windows of the east and west entrances to the building. At the main entrance and west entrance, bronze fish sculptures were created by Toronto artist Jean Horne in the reflecting pool and an  tall stainless steel pylon stands to the right of the main entrance. The building is used during the CNE for booths run by various restaurants and food companies.

Queen Elizabeth Building

The Queen Elizabeth Building complex (1956) was originally named the Women's Building but was rededicated to the new Queen of Canada. The building is composed of three sections: the two-storey administration building, the Queen Elizabeth Theatre, and a one-storey exhibition hall. The structure is clad in brick and the roof is of a unique folded-plate cast-concrete design. It was designed by architect Peter Dickinson and architectural firm Page + Steele Inc. It was renamed in honour of a royal visit.

The offices were once occupied by the CNE Association and Board. The theatre, which has 1300 seats, has been used for radio, variety, and fashion shows and hosts stage productions and concerts. The exhibition hall, which is a large uninterrupted exhibit space is used year-round and is home to arts, crafts, and hobbies displays during the CNE.

The Scadding Cabin

This one-room cabin is located adjacent to the Fort Rouillé Monument and the CNE Bandshell. It is not only the oldest building on the grounds, but the oldest building in Toronto. It was built by the Queen's York Rangers in 1794 on behalf of John Scadding, who served as clerk (essentially, an executive assistant) to the first lieutenant governor of Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe. The original cabin was disassembled from its original site and rebuilt by the York Pioneers, along with an adjacent cabin made out of new logs, on the current site, just in time for the original Toronto Industrial Exhibition in 1879.

Scadding was given a plot of land from what is now just north of Gerrard Street East, south to the waterfront. The cabin was built close to the Don River's east side, on what is now part of the Don Valley Parkway, just south of Queen Street East. Scadding sold the property in 1818 to William Smith. In 1879, his son William Smith offered the cabin to the York Pioneers, a local historical society. Around this time, someone mistook the information concerning the original owner for the cabin, leading to it being erroneously called "The Governor Simcoe cabin". John Scadding's youngest son, Henry Scadding wrote an early history of York/Toronto and set the record straight on who the original owner of the cabin was. When he died in 1901, the York Pioneers renamed it "The Scadding Cabin", in honour of this son of the original owner, who had also been a past president of their society.

It is a squat, two-storey log cabin with low ceilings, designed to retain the heat from the fire in winter close to its occupants. It is said that John Graves Simcoe, who was over  tall, had to stoop in order to enter the building. The building as it now stands is little changed from its original construction. Apparently an additional  extension that would have appeared to the south of the building was not moved. The second cabin constructed next to it by the York Pioneers was built using wood that was too green, and it was demolished a few years after construction. Over the years some of the timbers have been replaced, and the cabin was remounted on a stone foundation in the late part of the 20th century. Inside the cabin are furnishings appropriate to a house in Upper Canada in the 1830s, and some known to have belonged to Simcoe.

Music and entertainment venues

Bandshell

Inspired by the Hollywood Bowl, the Art Deco-styled Bandshell on the CNE grounds was built in 1936 according to designs prepared by the Toronto architectural firm of Craig and Madill. It is situated on the west side of the grounds, and over the years has been host to many famous acts, including Guy Lombardo, Louis Armstrong, The Guess Who, and Joni Mitchell. More recently the likes of Susan Aglukark, Moxy Früvous, and Bob Newhart have played the open air venue. The adjacent park is known as Bandshell Park. In the north-east corner is the Exhibition Place Carillon. At the north-side of the park is the "Garden of the Greek Gods" collection of sculptures.

Queen Elizabeth Theatre

The Queen Elizabeth Theatre, opened in 1956, is a 1,250-seat auditorium, and is a part of the Queen Elizabeth building complex. It is leased to the operator of the Mod Club in Toronto and it is used for concerts and shows throughout the year.

Gates and monuments

Dufferin Gates

The Dufferin Gates are the westernmost pedestrian entranceway to the CNE grounds. Named after Lord Dufferin, the original gate to the CNE grounds was named in his honour, situated at the bottom of Dufferin Street, also named after the same person. The original gateway was erected in 1895 and was superseded by a more permanent, ornate Beaux-Arts style triumphal arch built in 1910, and officially re-opened by Lord Dufferin in 1914.

With the construction of Toronto's Gardiner Expressway in 1956, the gates were demolished in order to make way for the roadway. In their place, a modernist-style parabolic arch was erected  south of the previous gates in 1956, designed by architect Philip R. Brook. The current arch is built around a steel frame and concrete, with brick at the base. It is  high and spans  in width.  It is similar in design to the much larger Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri, but predates it. The star decoration that hangs from the top of the arch was added during Canada's centennial celebrations in 1967. The Gate is a listed heritage structure. A plaque from the Ontario Heritage Foundation commemorating the history of the CNE can be found just inside the gate.

Princes' Gates

The monumental Princes' Gates were officially opened by Princes Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII), and Prince George (later the Duke of Kent), on August 31, 1927, during that year's CNE. The gates were built in the Beaux-Arts style to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Canadian Confederation and were originally to be called The Diamond Jubilee of Confederation Gates. The name was changed when it was found that the princes were touring Canada the year of its dedication. The first to pass through the gate was a parade of 15,000 veterans in the annual Warriors' Day Parade.

Fort Rouillé Monument

A large obelisk, built in 1887, marks the spot where the original French-built Fort Rouillé was erected in 1750 and 1751. Its construction was ordered by the Marquis de la Jonquière, then governor of New France, in order to further establish a French presence in the area, and to intercept the trade of Indians travelling towards an English fur-trading post in present-day Oswego. It was a small palisaded fort with a bastion at each of its four corners, and containing five main buildings: a corps de garde, storeroom, barracks, blacksmithy, and a building for the officers. A drawing purported to date from 1749 shows the fort adjacent to Lake Ontario, whereas today it is situated on top of a small hill a hundred metres or so from the lake's current shoreline.

The fort was abandoned and burned by the French garrison in July 1759, who were retreating from invading English forces. Vestiges of the fort remained for many years afterwards, and it was the site of a firefight in the War of 1812. The site was graded over and sodded in preparation for the establishment of the Toronto Industrial Exhibition in 1879.

The grounds were excavated in 1979 and 1980 by the Toronto Historical Board, and again in 1982 by the Youth Committee of the Toronto Sesquicentennial Board. The outline of the original fort has been marked out in concrete around the obelisk. Two commemorative plaques — one in English, and one in French — are attached to the base of the obelisk, placed there by the Ontario Heritage Foundation. To the north, a third plaque commemorates the excavation done on the site, and to the west, a fourth plaque commemorates a visit to the site by Bertrand Delanoë, mayor of Paris, on September 6, 2003.

Shrine Peace Memorial

This monument, depicting a winged angel holding aloft a crown of olive branches and standing upon a globe held aloft by female sphinxes, was presented to the people of Canada on June 12, 1930, by the Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine (better known as the Shriners) as a symbol of peace and friendship between the United States and Canada. It is also meant as "an ongoing reminder that Freemasonry actively promotes the ideals peace, harmony, and prosperity for all humankind". It is situated immediately south of the Bandshell, and is the focal point of the surrounding rose garden.

Other buildings and structures
 The Automotive Building (1929), was designed by local architect Douglas Kertland in the Art Deco style. It is a two-storey building,  in size. The internal plan is a large open space with a mezzanine on the second floor surrounding the main floor. It was originally constructed for the display of automobiles during the CNE. Management of the building was turned over to private management in 2009 and renovated to house the Allstream, now the Beanfield Centre meetings facility. The open floor was converted to a  ballroom, claimed to be largest in Toronto, which can be sub-divided in two. The original glass roof over the open floor was replaced with a new ceiling. The second floor mezzanine saw the addition of 20 meeting rooms.
 The Fire Hall & Police Station (1912)  is a Tudor Revival building, designed by G. W. Gouinlock. It is used by Toronto Police Service, Toronto Fire Services and Toronto EMS during the CNE.
 The CNE General Services Building was built in 1912 for Ontario Hydro and is now used to house the CNE Archives.

 The Government Building was also known as the Arts, Crafts and Hobbies Building. It is a Beaux-Arts structure that was built in 1911. Designed by G. W. Gouinlock, it is similar in style to the Horticulture Building. Since 1993, the building has been used by Medieval Times as the Toronto location of its chain of dinner theatres.
 The Horse Palace (1931) was built to provide stables for the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair. The Art Deco building, designed by City architect James John Woolnough, was considered the best equestrian facility in Canada when it was built. Its façade has been described as one of the finest Art Deco buildings in the City of Toronto and possibly in the province and/or nation.  The Art Deco elements of the Horse Palace include a hard-edged angular composition, cubist forms and strong horizontal and vertical planes. The low-relief sculptured friezes of horses located on the exterior of the building are also indicative of the Art Deco style of design. It is also the permanent home of the Toronto Police Service Mounted Unit, a branch of City of Toronto Animal Services and a riding academy.
 The Horticulture Building, designed by G. W. Gouinlock, was built in 1907 to replace the Crystal Palace. It is similar in style (Beaux-Arts) to the Government Building, but without the towers at the sides.  The building was used as a temporary morgue the day after a fire destroyed the SS Noronic in 1949. It houses the Toronto Event Centre.
 The Music Building (1907) was constructed as the Railways Building, designed for the Grand Trunk and Canadian Pacific Railways by CNE architect G. W. Gouinlock. In 1968, the building was used for music competitions and soon became known as the Music Building. It was nearly destroyed by a fire in 1987 however the exterior was restored to its original condition. It is built in a Beaux-Arts style. It houses the Toronto Fashion Incubator.

 The Ontario Government Building (1926) houses the Liberty Grand banquet hall and events building. The Beaux-Art structure was designed by Chapman and Oxley. It formerly housed exhibits about Ontario.
 The Press Building, originally named the Administrative Building at its inception in 1905, until 1957 it was home to the CNE Association. In 1957 it was renamed the Press Building and it became the headquarters for the various media that would attend and report upon the annual fair. Additional telephone and press wire equipment was installed to handle the demand placed on it by the media. More recently the building has returned to its original function as home to the administrators of the CNE. This building was designed in the Beaux-Arts style by architect G.W. Gouinlock, who went on to design several buildings on the grounds. A plaque dedicated to his work stands in front of the Press Building. It was once part of a formal plaza that originally boasted the Gooderham Fountain, also designed by Gouinlock, since replaced by the Princess Margaret Fountain in 1958. The Press Building, along with the nearby Fire Hall, Police Station, Railways (Music) Building, Horticulture, and Government buildings, are collectively designated Early Exhibition Buildings National Historic Site. Tours of the building are available.
 The Officers' Quarters was a part of New Fort York and is the only remaining military building on the site. It is located along Lake Shore Boulevard to the west of the Automotive Building. Closed, it is planned to reopen with a pub and beer garden. It housed the Marine Museum from 1957 until 1998.

 Hotel X Toronto is a thirty-story hotel, located along Lake Shore Boulevard just west of the Automotive Building. The area was used as a parking lot for use during the CNE. It is divided into two buildings: the main hotel tower and a sports club building. Hotel X Toronto is a Silver "Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design" (LEED) certified project.

Structures
CNE Flagpole, erected in 1977, to replace the original flagpole installed in 1930. Atop the CNE Flagpole is a copper ball with a time capsule with materials from the 1930 and 1977 installations. The copper ball was manufactured by James Gow and Company of Toronto and is the same one that sat atop the 1930 flagpole.
McGillivray Fountain 1968, stands in Centennial Park, in the north-western end of the grounds, a modern-art concrete sculpture creation dedicated to a former president of the Exhibition. Designed by sculptor Gerald Gladstone.
 Princess Margaret Fountain (1958) designed by Design Craft, was opened by Princess Margaret on July 31, 1958.
Sky Ride, a cable car ride introduced at the 2012 CNE in the spirit of the Alpine Way.
Toronto Windmill (Exhibition Place Turbine), a 91-metre windmill belonging to WindShare co-operative, erected on December 18, 2002, is the first wind turbine installed in a major North American urban city centre. The turbine production capacity helps displace up to 380 tonnes of carbon dioxide annually, which is the equivalent of taking 1,300 cars off the road or planting 30,000 trees each year.

Demolished buildings and attractions

 Business Equipment Building, built in 1900.
 Canada's Sports Hall of Fame, built 1961 as the joint home of Canada's Sports Hall of Fame and the Hockey Hall of Fame. The latter moved in 1993, and the Sports Hall was partially demolished in 2006, with remaining sections to be incorporated into BMO Field, a new soccer stadium. The building was designed by the architectural firm of Allward and Gouinlock, the successor firm to the firm of G. W. Gouinlock, which designed several of the older buildings.
 The Crystal Palace (later known as Transportation Building) was a large exhibit building on the site of the current Horticulture Building, dating to the 1850s. It was moved to the Exhibition Grounds and used for various displays. It was destroyed by fire in 1906.
The Electrical and Engineering Building was built in 1928. The building was demolished in 1972 and the site is now occupied by the Enercare Centre.
 The General Exhibits Building, built in 1906, was demolished in 1962. The site is now occupied by the Children's Midway.
 The Graphic Arts Building was located on the site of the current Queen Elizabeth office building.
 The Machinery Hall, located on the north side of the grounds, was one of the buildings demolished around 1960 for the Gardiner Expressway.
 The Manufacturers' Building was a building used to house exhibits of household appliances, fixtures, and furnishings. Built in 1902, it burned down on January 3, 1961, and was replaced by the Better Living Centre.
 The Process of Manufacturing Building was built in 1905 was located behind the current Press Building and General Exhibits Building and demolished in the early 1960s. Now a parking area.
 Pure Food Building (later known as Food Products Building) - built in 1921 and replaced by current building in 1954
 Stanley Barracks - 14 of 15 buildings were demolished in the early 1950s to make space for parking.
 Transportation Building (later known as International Building) burned down on August 24, 1974. It was on the west side of Bandshell Park.

 The Women's Building was built in 1908 as an addition to the Manufacturers' Building and burned along with it in 1961. It had been converted to a restaurant in 1959.

 Attractions
 Alpine Way - An aerial lift that allowed visitors to view the Ex from west of the Food Building to west of the Automotive Building. The system consisted of four rows of cars (blue, green and red) carrying four passengers. The system was taken down in 1996 and placed into storage in 1998.  This was the last of the permanent attractions built by Conklin Shows, and Jim Conklin described the dismantling of the attraction as a "heartbreak". Sam Sniderman shared equal sadness in the removal of the attraction, so much that he bought the ride sign and donated it to the CNE archives.
 original Dufferin Gate - replaced by the current gate in 1959; previous gates built in 1895 and again in 1910.
 Gooderham Fountain - built in 1910 and replaced by the Princess Margaret Fountain in 1958.
 Mighty Flyer- a wooden roller coaster, built in 1953 by Conklin Shows. It was a permanent fixture that lasted until 1992.
 Shell Oil Tower (later known as the Bulova Tower) = Built in 1955, it was demolished in 1985. The Shell Oil Tower was designed by 24-year-old George A. Robb, who had won a competition by Shell to design the tower. It was a see-through structure of glass and steel with an observation platform at  above the ground. The tower was demolished to make way for the Indy race, which paid the cost of demolition. It had been closed the previous two years due to safety concerns.

Race course

Since 1986, Exhibition Place has hosted American open-wheel car racing, currently sanctioned by IndyCar and run as the Honda Indy Toronto.  The race is held annually in July.  In addition to the IndyCar race, several support races are held, including Indy Lights and the NASCAR Pinty's Series, as well as vendor exhibits, concerts, and other off-track activities. The track layout uses local roads that wind through and around Exhibition Place and is commonly referred to as the "Streets of Toronto" circuit. The race festival takes place on a weekend, with the roads closed from Thursday until Monday.

The start/finish line is located on Princes' Boulevard, slightly west of Newfoundland Drive.  From the Start/Finish line, drivers head East towards the Princes' Gates, turning right (south) onto Canada Boulevard before reaching the gate.  From Canada Boulevard, the track goes right onto Lake Shore Boulevard (west) which comprises the longest straightaway on the circuit (this straightaway is sometimes incorrectly referred to as Shoreline Drive during race telecasts;  Shoreline Drive is the start-finish straight at the Grand Prix of Long Beach).  Drivers re-enter the Exhibition grounds at Ontario Drive, heading north towards Prince's Boulevard where they turn left (west).  The circuit continues on to Manitoba Drive and heads north-east then east until reaching Nova Scotia Avenue.  At Nova Scotia Avenue, drivers turn right (south) then navigate a left-right-left series of turns until rejoining Prince's Boulevard and heading east towards the start/finish line.

Exhibition Place is one of seven Canadian circuits to have held an Indy/Champ Car race, the others being Mosport, Concord Pacific Place in Vancouver, Edmonton City Centre Airport, Circuit Gilles Villeneuve in Montreal, Circuit Mont-Tremblant, and Sanair Super Speedway.

Transportation

Public transit

Exhibition Place is served by city and regional public transit systems by commuter rail, streetcar and bus routes provided by GO Transit and the TTC year-round. There are two access points: north of the Horse Palace (Exhibition Loop and Exhibition GO Station), and north of the Dufferin Gate at the Dufferin Gate Loop.

The TTC serves Exhibition Place with three streetcar routes and one bus route. The Harbourfront and Bathurst Street streetcar lines serve the Exhibition Loop terminus, connecting Exhibition Place with Toronto subway system's  and Union stations. Exhibition Place is also served by the King streetcar, sharing the Dufferin Gate Loop with the Dufferin bus (routes 29 and 929). The Dufferin bus route loops through Exhibition Place most of the year and terminates at the Dufferin Gate Loop terminus during the CNE. The Dufferin routes 29 and 929 connect with the subway's Dufferin station on Line 2 Bloor–Danforth.

The Exhibition GO Station is on the Lakeshore route of the commuter rail GO Transit system, providing a connection to Union Station and points east and west. The route stops year-round at the station. The station is being upgraded to also include the terminus of the light metro Ontario Line, which will connect Exhibition Place with downtown and the Toronto subway system. It is expected to open in 2031.

The first streetcar terminus began operations in 1916 and was located at the current loop location along Manitoba Drive, north of the Coliseum. In 1923, the loop was relocated to the south of the Coliseum. To accommodate the construction of the National Trade Centre, it was relocated back to its original location in 1996. The GO station is the second rail station to serve the fair. Its original location was just north of the Dufferin Gate, and only operated during the CNE.

Roads and gates

Princes' Boulevard starts at the Princes' Gate and extends west to the south of BMO Field and continues west to the Princess Margaret Fountain. Canada Boulevard runs north–south to the west of the Princes' Gate. The rest of the roads on the grounds are named for most of the provinces and territories of Canada.

 Alberta Circle - short street connecting British Columbia Drive with Yukon Place and a short stub at Dufferin Street next to Medieval Times
 British Columbia Road - road begins at the foot of Dufferin Street and ends at Western entrance/exit merging with westbound Lake Shore Boulevard West
 Manitoba Drive - long east–west street along the north end of the Exhibition grounds from Strachan Avenue to Princes' Boulevard.  Easterly section was once called Exhibition Road.
 Newfoundland Road - short north–south road on the west side of Automotive Building connecting Princes' Boulevard to Lake Shore Boulevard West
 New Brunswick Way - connects Nunavut Road to Remembrance Drive at Ontario Place
 Nova Scotia Avenue - short road from Manitoba Drive to Princes' Boulevard
 Nunavut Road - newest street (formerly part of New Brunswick Way) begins and ends at Nova Scotia Avenue
 Ontario Drive - short street connecting Princes Boulevard with Prince Edward Island Crescent
 Prince Edward Island Crescent - semi circular street behind Better Living Centre and connects with Ontario Drive and Princes Boulevard
 Quebec Street - short stub behind Queen Elizabeth Building connecting to Manitoba Drive; eastern end to Nova Scotia Avenue cut off by BMO Field
 Saskatchewan Road - connects British Columbia Rd to the intersection of Prince Edward Island Crescent and Princes' Boulevard
 Yukon Place - short road behind Liberty Grand and Medieval Times

Northwest Territories is not used as a street name at Exhibition Place.

Other gates in the park outside of Princes' and Dufferin Gates lack formal structure and are merely entrances with traffic lights:

 British Columbia Gate - formerly Confederation Gate
 Ontario Gate
 Newfoundland Gate
 Manitoba Gate

Former roads:

Exhibition Road was a short east–west road that ran from Strachan Avenue north of the Coliseum buildings to connect the exhibition site to Strachan, which at the time ran no further south. Fort Rouillé Street, of which a stub still exists north of the rail tracks, once extended into the Exhibition grounds to the lake shore. The street was cut off by the construction of the rail cut to move the rail lines below grade. The stub still existing within the grounds was later named Alberta Circle.

See also
 Toronto waterfront
 Venues of the 2015 Pan American and Parapan American Games
 Royal eponyms in Canada—locales in Canada named for royalty akin to the Princes' Gates, Princess Margaret Fountain, Queen Elizabeth II Building, and Queen Elizabeth II Theatre at Exhibition Place

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Exhibition Place Official Site
York Pioneer & Historical Society: Scadding Cabin

Historical plaques at Exhibition Place
Federal Plaque - Early Exhibition Buildings National Historic Site
Federal Plaque - The Defence of York National Historic Event
City of Toronto Plaque - Scadding Cabin
Plaque to Marilyn Bell

Buildings and structures in Toronto
Exhibition Place#Bandshell
Amusement parks in Canada
Convention centres in Canada
Art Deco architecture in Canada
Beaux-Arts architecture in Canada
Champ Car circuits
IndyCar Series tracks
Toronto
Motorsport venues in Ontario
Road racing venues in Canada
Fairgrounds in Canada
Venues of the 2015 Pan American Games
City of Toronto Heritage Properties

Exhibition Place


Eulerov teorem je jedan od najvažnijih teorema u elementarnoj teoriji brojeva, a tvrdi da je  gdje je s  označena Eulerova funkcija, odnosno funkcija koja svakom prirodnom broju pridružuje broj prirodnih brojeva koji su manji ili jednaki s  i relativno prosti s

Isto tako, teorem je blisko povezan s tzv. Malim Fermatovim teoremom, stavljajući  za neki prosti broj

Dokaz
Prije samog dokaza iskazat ćemo i dokazati sljedeću lemu.

Lema.
Neka je  skup svih relativno prostih brojeva s  u intervalu  Možemo pisati
Za skup  kažemo da je reducirani sustav ostataka modulo n.

Svi elementi skupa
za  su međusobno nekongruentni modulo  i daju ostatke kao elementi skupa   pri dijeljenju s  ali ne nužno u tom poretku.

Pretpostavimo da su neka dva elementa skupa  kongruenta modulo  odnosno  za  Tada očito  no  što je kontradikcija.

Sada ćemo dokazati drugi dio leme. Očito su svi elementi skupa  relativno prosti s  Prema teoremu o dijeljenju s ostatkom možemo pisati  (*). Dokazujemo da mora vrijediti  čime je tvrdnja zapravo dokazana. Pretpostavimo suprotno,  Tada iz (*) slijedi  Onda očito  a vrijedi  Dakle,  čime je lema dokazana.

Uočimo da ako prirodan broj  daje neki od ostataka iz skupa relativno prostih brojeva s  u intervalu  on nužno mora biti relativno prost s  Naime, pomnožimo li bilo koji broj s  za koji je  njegov će ostatak biti djeljiv s  modulo

Koristeći ovu lemu nije teško dokazati Eulerov teorem. Označimo s  Prema lemi, vrijedi bijekcija  Množeći svih  kongruencija dobivamo  Budući da je  i  slijedi  što je i trebalo dokazati.

Kongruentnost relativno prostih brojeva
Iskazat ćemo i dokazati jedno jednostavno, ali važno svojstvo relativno prostih brojeva.

Neka je  skup svih relativno prostih brojeva s brojem
 u intervalu   Ako je
tada je  gdje je

(Uočimo da tada očigledno vrijedi i  gdje je  skup svih relativno prostih brojeva s
 u )

Dokaz.
Pretpostavimo suprotno, tj. da je
 uz  No, onda očito (prema Teoremu o dijeljenju s ostatkom) postoji  takav da je  Kako  iz posljednje jednadžbe slijedi  što povlači  Uočimo da su onda i brojevi  svi redom relativno prosti s

Drugim riječima, broj  relativno prost s  daje ostatak,  pri dijeljenju s  koji je jedan od relativno prostih brojeva s  u

Primjeri
Od broja  oduzimat ćemo  onoliko puta dok ne dobijemo broj u intervalu . (Time bismo eventualno mogli dobiti 0, ali samo ako je  višekratnik od .)

Uzmimo , . Očito je  pa će biti  i tako sve do .

S druge strane, uzmimo  Očito je  te vrijedi  pa je zaista , a 7 i 30 su relativno prosti.

Uočimo da se ovo lako vidi iz Euklidova algoritma.

Slučaj kada je
Brojevi  su relativno prosti za svaki prosti broj . Naime, pretpostavimo da . No, tada , kontradikcija. (Ovo vrijedi za bilo koja dva uzastopna prirodna broja.)

Prema Eulerovom teoremu sada slijedi da je .

Izvori

Teorija brojeva

Eulerov teorem


NK Pomorac Rakalj - Krnica je nogometni klub iz Krnice, koji se trenutno natječe u 3. ŽNL Istarskoj.

Osnovan je 1999. godine. NK "Pomorac" je klub bogate nogometne povijesti, u kojoj je prolazio kroz vremena velikih uspona i padova. Naime klub je nasljednik nekadašnjeg slavnog NK Raklja koji se ugasio neposredno prije rata 90-ih godina zbog odlaska tadašnjih igrača u rat. Najveće uspjehe klub je naredao u razdoblju od 2004.do 2010.godine kad je u nekoliko navrata osvajao županijske lige, te se natjecao i u najvišem županijskom rangu.

Službene boje dresova su plava-domaća, te gostujuća-crna, s polukružnim grbom bijele boje na kojemu se nalaze dva morska psa (maskote kluba) s loptom.

Današnju seniorsku momčad NK "Pomorac" čine većinom vrlo mladi igrači (iz Krnice i okolice), netom izišli iz omladinskog pogona. Klub posljednjih godina vode volonteri, nogometni zaljubljenici iz Raklja i Krnice, stoga je logično vjerovati kako će uz taj spoj mladosti i iskustva NK "Pomorac" doživjeti nekadašnje uspjehe.

Nogometni klubovi u Istarskoj županiji

NK Pomorac Krnica


ديرفيني (Δερβένι) هي مدينة في كورينثيا في مقاطعة كينتريكي إلادا في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 1276 نسمة.

المراجع

مدن اليونان

أماكن مأهولة في كورينثيا

ديرفيني (كورينثيا)


An Holochlamys beccarii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Adolf Engler, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Adolf Engler. An Holochlamys beccarii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Holochlamys, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Holochlamys

Holochlamys beccarii


Nahija Al-Janudiyah () je nahija u okrugu Jisr al-Shughur, u sirijskoj pokrajini Idlib. Po popisu iz 2004. (prije rata), nahija je imala 19.642 stanovnika. Administrativno sjedište je u naselju Al-Janudiyah.

Izvori

Sirijske nahije
Pokrajina Idlib

Al-Janudiyah (nahija)


Syngonium est un genre de plantes de la famille des Aracées.

Liste d'espèces
Selon  :

Selon  :
 Syngonium angustatum Schott
 Syngonium auritum (L.) Schott
 Syngonium podophyllum Schott

Selon  :

Selon  :
 Syngonium angustatum Schott
 Syngonium auritum (L.) Schott
 Syngonium erythrophyllum Birdsey ex G.S.Bunting, 1966
 Syngonium podophyllum Schott
 Syngonium triphyllum Birdsey ex Croat
 Syngonium wendlandii Schott

Selon  :

Selon  (Attention liste brute contenant possiblement des synonymes) :

Notes et références

Liens externes

Genre d'Angiospermes (nom scientifique)
Araceae

Syngonium


Morro Castle may refer to:

Fortress
 Morro Castle (Havana), a fortress guarding Havana Bay, Cuba
 Castillo San Felipe del Morro, a fortress in San Juan, Puerto Rico
 Castillo de San Pedro de la Roca, also called "Castillo del Morro" ("Morro Castle"), a fortress guarding Santiago, Cuba

Ship
 SS Morro Castle (1900), passenger liner of the Ward Line
 SS Morro Castle (1930), passenger liner that burnt in 1934

See also
 Morro (disambiguation)

Morro Castle


María Pía de Saboya (Maria Pia di Savoia; Nápoles, 24 de septiembre de 1934) es la hija mayor del último Rey de Italia Humberto II y de la reina María José.

Familia

Nació en Nápoles como la hija primogénita del príncipe y la princesa del Piamonte. Sus padres se separaron en 1946 después de la abolición de la Monarquía italiana aunque nunca se divorciaron por su catolicismo. Tras la caída de la Monarquía la familia se exilió brevemente a Portugal y luego a Suiza.

En 1954 María Pía conoció al príncipe Alejandro Karađorđević en el yate Agamenon de la reina Federica de Grecia. Alejandro era hijo de los príncipes Pablo de Yugoslavia y Olga de Grecia y Dinamarca.

María Pía se casó en Cascais (Portugal) el 12 de febrero de 1955 con Alejandro Karađorđević, príncipe de Yugoslavia (nacido en White Lodge, Richmond, Londres, el 13 de agosto de 1924 y fallecido en París, Francia, el 12 de mayo de 2016).

El matrimonio tuvo cuatro hijos (dos parejas de gemelos):

 Demetrio Karađorđević (Boulogne-sur-Seine, 18 de junio de 1958).
 Miguel Karađorđević (Boulogne-sur-Seine, 18 de junio de 1958).
 Sergio Karađorđević (Boulogne-sur-Seine, 12 de marzo de 1963).
 Elena Karađorđević (Boulogne-sur-Seine, 12 de marzo de 1963).

La pareja se divorció en 1967. Alejandro contrajo segundas nupcias en 1973 con la princesa Bárbara de Liechtenstein.

María Pía se volvió a casar en Manalapan (Florida) el 16 de mayo de 2003 con el príncipe Miguel de Borbón-Parma (nacido en París, el 4 de marzo de 1926 y fallecido en Neuilly-sur-Seine, el 7 de julio de 2018). Miguel era hijo de los príncipes Renato de Borbón-Parma y Margarita de Dinamarca y estuvo casado antes con la princesa Yolanda de Broglie-Revel.

Trabajos publicados
 La mia vita, i miei ricordi (Mondadori Electa, 2010).

Distinciones honoríficas

Distinciones honoríficas italianas
  Dama gran cruz de la Orden de los Santos Mauricio y Lázaro.

Distinciones honoríficas extranjeras
  Caballero de la Orden de las Artes y las Letras (República Francesa, 12/11/2003).

Ancestros

Referencias

Maria Pia
Damas grandes cruces de la Orden de los Santos Mauricio y Lázaro
Caballeros de la Orden de las Artes y las Letras
Nacidos en Nápoles

María Pía Elena de Saboya


Timothy James Bloodworth (1736August 24, 1814) was an American anti-Federalist politician. He was a leader of the American Revolution and later served as a member of the Confederation Congress, U.S. congressman and senator, and collector of customs for the Port of Wilmington, North Carolina.

Early life and career
Bloodworth was born 1736 in North Carolina to Timothy Bloodworth, Sr. who had migrated to North Carolina from Virginia in the early 1700s. He spent most of his life before the American Revolutionary War as a teacher. He owned 9 slaves and had over 4,000 acres of land.

He had two brothers, James and Thomas, who were active local politicians.

In 1776, he began making arms including muskets and bayonets for the Continental Army. In 1778 and 1779, he served as a member of the North Carolina state legislature. Following this, he held a number of political posts sequentially until serving as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1786. He served as an Anti-Federalist delegate from New Hannover County to the Fayetteville Convention on the U.S. Constitution in 1789.:

He was elected to the First United States Congress as a member of the House of Representatives, serving from 1790 to 1791 before returning to the North Carolina state legislature. In 1794 Bloodworth was elected to the United States Senate, where he served from 1795 to 1801. From then until 1807, Bloodworth served as collector of customs in Wilmington, North Carolina.

During the Second World War, Liberty ship  was named in his honor.

See also
Benjamin Hawkins
Thomas Jefferson

References

External links

North Carolina History Project

1736 births
1814 deaths
People from New Hanover County, North Carolina
People of colonial North Carolina
American people of English descent
Continental Congressmen from North Carolina
Anti-Administration Party members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina
Democratic-Republican Party United States senators from North Carolina
State treasurers of North Carolina
Members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
Politicians from Wilmington, North Carolina
Members of the United States House of Representatives who owned slaves
United States senators who owned slaves

Timothy Bloodworth


Amt Uecker-Randow-Tal består af 13 kommuner der har fælles forvaltning i byen Pasewalk. Amtet ligger i den sydøstlige del af Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald i den østlige del af den tyske delstat Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Mod syd grænser amtet til delstaten Brandenburg. Midt i Amtet ligger byen Pasewalk, der ikke er en del af amtet, selv om dets forvaltning har til huse der, og løser flere forvaltningsopgaver i fællesskab.

Kommuner og bydele
 Brietzig med Starkshof
 Fahrenwalde med Bröllin, Friedrichshof og Karlsruh
 Groß Luckow
 Jatznick med Belling, Blumenhagen, Groß Spiegelberg, Klein Luckow, Sandförde, Waldeshöhe og Wilhelmsthal
 Koblentz mit Breitenstein og Peterswalde
 Krugsdorf mit Rothenburg
 Nieden
 Papendorf
 Polzow med Roggow og Neu Polzow
 Rollwitz med Damerow, Schmarsow, Schmarsow-Ausbau og Züsedom
 Schönwalde med Dargitz, Sandkrug og Stolzenburg
 Viereck med Alt-Stallberg, Borken, Marienthal, Neuenkrug, Riesenbrück og Uhlenkrug
 Zerrenthin

1. Januar 2012 blev noge tidligere selvstændige kommuner sammenlagt:
 Damerow og Züsedom i Rollwitz
 Blumenhagen og Klein Luckow i Jatznick

Området
Amtets område er præget af landbrug, og en del ligger på Ueckermünder Heide. Erhvervsmæssigt og kulturelt er det knyttet til byen Pasewalk.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Amtets websted

Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald

Amt Uecker-Randow-Tal


The Armenian Weekly est un journal en langue anglaise de la communauté arménienne des États-Unis publié depuis 1934.

Historique

Hairenik Weekly (1934-1969)
En 1899, des membres de la Fédération révolutionnaire arménienne fondent le journal Hairenik. Rédigé en arménien, ce dernier décide de se doter d'une section en langue anglaise en juin 1932. Cette section rencontre un succès tel qu'en mars 1934, elle devient un journal à part entière : Hairenik Weekly. Il engage un rédacteur-en-chef, James Mandalian, assisté par Queenie Pambookjian.

Dans les colonnes de ce nouveau journal, on trouve notamment des traductions en anglais d'œuvres d'Avetis Aharonian, de Hamasdegh, de Gostan Zarian, etc.. La ligne éditoriale est alors contrôlée par l'Armenian Youth Federation (AYF).

The Armenian Weekly (1969-)

En 1969, Hairenik Weekly devient The Armenian Weekly.

Liste des rédacteurs-en-chef

Numérisation
Depuis 2017, les numéros de Hairenik et de The Armenian Weekly sont en cours de numérisation.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Arméno-Américains
 Fédération révolutionnaire arménienne
 Association Hairenik
 Hairenik

Liens externes

Presse arménienne des États-Unis
Titre de presse créé en 1934
Presse hebdomadaire aux États-Unis
Presse hebdomadaire en anglais
Presse écrite au Massachusetts
Diaspora arménienne

The Armenian Weekly


Tamburello Dönemeci veya Tamburello virajı, San Marino Grand Prix'inin düzenlendiği Autodromo Dino Ferrari pistindeki bir virajdır.

Autodromo Dino Ferrari pistinde yer alan bu bölgede 1994 San Marino Grand Prix'de efsane F1 pilotu Ayrton Senna'nın 305 km/s hızla giderken kontrolden çıkıp savrulmuştur ve Senna ölmüştür.

1987 San Marino Grand Prix'deyse antrenman yaparken şampiyonluk adaylarından Nelson Piquet, Tamburello virajında kaza yaparak, yarışı yarım bırakmıştır. Williams'ın tekerleğindeki sorun, olaya neden olarak, sürücünün şiddetle duvara çarpmasına yol açmıştı.

Ayrıca 1988'de Gerhard Berger'in Ferrari'si de aynı virajda kaza yapıp yanmıştır.

1989 San Marino Grand Prix'de 4. tura gelindiğinde, 5. durumdaki Gerhard Berger'in Ferrari'si hızlı geçilen Tamburello virajında mekanik arıza sebebiyle savruldu. Berger tahmini 180 mil/sa hızla duvara çarptı ve aracı alev aldı. Kazadan 16 saniye sonra olay yerine ulaşan görevliler yaklaşık on saniyede aracı söndürdü. Yarışta kırmızı bayraklar sallanırken Berger kazayı kaburga kırığı ve ikinci derece yanıklarla atlattı.

Senna'nın kazasından sonra 2'ye bölünüp şikana dönüştürülmüştür. 1995 San Marino Grand Prix'de Tamburello virajına yeni şikanlar yapılmıştır.

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız

San Marino Grand Prix
Ayrton Senna'nın ölümü

San Marino Grand Prix

Tamburello dönemeci


Bruce A. Lehman (born September 19, 1945) served from 1993 to 1998 as Assistant Secretary of Commerce and Commissioner of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Lehman is noted for being the first openly gay man to be confirmed by the U.S. Senate.

Nominated by President Bill Clinton on April 23, 1993, he was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 5, 1993. During this short period of time, he was responsible for significant changes to the United States patent law.

After leaving the USPTO, Lehman founded the International Intellectual Property Institute, a non-profit, non-governmental organization. In 2014 he was appointed by the Secretary General of the United Nations to serve on the High Level Panel on the Feasibility of a Technology Bank for Least Developed Nations. The panel submitted its report to Secretary General Ban Ki Moon and the United Nations General Assembly in September 2015.

Biography

Lehman earned a B.A. in 1967 and a J.D. in 1970 from University of Wisconsin–Madison.

He was named "Lawyer of the Year" in 1994 by The National Law Journal.

In 1996 he served as the head of the U.S. delegation to World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) on the December 1996 Diplomatic Conference on Certain Copyright and Neighboring Rights Questions.

He chairman the Working Group on Intellectual Property Rights of the National Information Infrastructure Task Force for the Clinton administration and, on September 5, 1997, was appointed, on an interim basis, as acting chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities.  On June 16, 1997, he was named one of the 100 most influential men and women in Washington by the National Journal.

He has been legal counsel to the Wisconsin State Legislature; the United States House of Representatives, for nine years; and the Committee on the Judiciary and Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice, in the drafting of the 1976 Copyright Act, the 1980 Computer Software Amendments, and 1982 amendments to the Patent Laws.

He has also worked as an attorney with the U.S. Department of Justice, as a partner at Swidler & Berlin, for 10 years; and as an officer in the U.S. Army. Lehman is currently a member of the Bar of the District of Columbia.

On February 7, 2006, Lehman was honored as one of 23 inaugural inductees to the newly created International IP Hall of Fame, a project sponsored by London-based Intellectual Asset Management magazine.

Lehman is president and chairman of the International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), a non-profit, non-partisan economic development organization based in Washington, D.C. He is also a member of the Legal Advisory Council of LegalZoom. Since 2015, Lehman has focused on advancing the cause of visual artists rights. He serves as an advisor to the Artists Rights Society of the United States and the Association of Medical Illustrators. In that capacity he has filed amicus'' briefs on behalf of numerous visual artists organizations with the U.S. appellate courts and the United States Supreme Court and has drafted legislation introduced by U.S. Representative Jerrold Nadler that would establish an artists resale royalty right in the U.S., patterned after similar legislation in over 70 countries. Lehman resides in Sarasota, Florida where he serves as a board member of the La Musica chamber music festival.

See also
 Software patent
 Copyright

References

External links
 Intellectual Property and the National Information Infrastructure (Report of the Working Group on Intellectual Property Rights, 1995)
 WIPO biography

Copyright activists
1945 births
Living people
United States Department of Commerce officials
LGBT appointed officials in the United States
United States Army officers
21st-century American LGBT people

Bruce Lehman


Burgruine Dürnstein este un castel în ruine din Austria Inferioară, Austria. Ruinele castelului Dürnstein sunt situate la o altitudine de 312 m.

Istoria
Familia Kuenring a cumpărat terenul din jurul castelului de la Mănăstirea Tegernsee  la sfârșitul secolul al XI-lea.
Hadmar I de Kuenring, care a fondat, de asemenea, Abația Zwettl, a construit actualul castel la mijlocul secolului al XII-lea într-o locație strategică, cu vedere la valea fluviului Dunărea. Castelul este legat de orașul Dürnstein printr-un zid de apărare care se extinde din zidurile orașului.

Castelul este cunoscut ca fiind unul dintre locurile în care a fost închis regele Richard I al Angliei după ce a fost capturat în 1192 în apropiere de Viena de către ducele Leopold al V-lea al Austriei.

În anii 1428 și 1432 husiții au jefuit orașul și castelul Dürnstein.

Aproape de sfârșitul Războiului de Treizeci de Ani, trupele suedeze aflate sub comanda lui Lennart Torstensson au cucerit orașul Dürnstein în 1645. La plecarea lor, suedezii au distrus unele porțiuni ale fortificației medievale. Încă de prin 1622, castelul nu a mai fost locuit permanent, dar a fost încă considerat ca un posibil adăpost în Războiul Austro-Turc (1663-1664). În 1663, Conrad Balthasar de Starhemberg a cumpărat castelul, care este încă deținut de moștenitorii săi până în prezent. Începând din 1679, cu toate acestea, castelul nu a mai fost locuit și a fost abandonat.

Referențe

Bibliografie

 Falko Daim, Karin Kühtreiber, Thomas Kühtreiber: Burgen – Waldviertel, Wachau, Mährisches Thayatal. 2. Auflage, Verlag Freytag & Berndt, Wien 2009, ISBN 978-3-7079-1273-9, pp. 106-109.
 Hannes Gans: Die Wachau mit Strudengau und Nibelungengau. Wien 2006 (= Falters Feine Reiseführer), pp. 308-314.
 Leander Petzoldt (Hrsg.): Sagen aus Niederösterreich. München 1992, pp. 78-79, 123, 126.
 Wilhelm J. Wagner: Der große Bildatlas zur Geschichte Österreichs. Wien 1995, pp. 78-79.

Duürnstein
Ruine din Austria

Castelul Dürnstein


Dieser Artikel listet Erfolge und Mannschaft des Radsportteams Team NSP in der Saison 2011 auf.

Erfolge in der UCI Asia Tour

Erfolge in der UCI Europe Tour

Mannschaft

Platzierungen in UCI-Ranglisten
UCI America Tour 2011

UCI Asia Tour 2011

UCI Europe Tour 2011

Radsportteam 2011

Team NSP/Saison 2011


Boy Girl etc. est une série télévisée d'animation américano-franco-irlandaise, crée par Jeff Harter et Cloudco Entertainment, et réalisé par Jérémy Guiter été diffusée en avant-première le  sur CBBC au Royaume-Uni, et les épisodes quotidiens ont suivi le . La série est ensuite diffusée au Canada le  sur Family Channel. Le , la série a eu le droit à une rediffusion sur CBBC.

En Europe, la série est diffusée en France depuis le  sur la chaîne Gulli, puis le  sur Canal J. Au 12 juin 2021 en Finlande, Yle TV2 commence à diffuser la série pendant son bloc télévisé Galaxi. Au 9 juillet 2021, la série est diffusée sur SIC K où elle est doublée en portugais. Au 23 août 2021, Disney Channel Europe diffuse la série dans toute l'Europe et dans certaines régions d'Asie. Elle est sous-titrée en tchèque, hongrois, roumain, polonais et bulgare.

Épisodes

Saison 1 (2019-2020)

Saison 2 (2022)

Notes et références

Boy Girl etc.

Liste des épisodes de Boy Girl etc.


إفنت (EFnet) هي واحدة من أقدم شبكة آي.آر.سي عالميا حيث تأسست في سنة 1990 و هي الآن تستقبل من 50.000 إلى 70.000 مستخدم يوميا وتحتوي على حوالي 30.000 قناة، كما أن لديها 42 خادم منتشرة في الولايات المتحدة وأوروبا وكندا.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 موقع إفنت الرسمي

شبكات آي آر سي
مواقع إنترنت أسست في 1990

إفنت


El Mini John Cooper Works S2000 es un automóvil de competición basado en el MINI con homologación Super 2000. El Mini JCW S2000 se construyó al igual que su versión World Rally Car, a partir del chasis del Mini Countryman y aunque comparten muchos elementos cuentan con varias diferencias: la versión WRC tiene un alerón trasero más grande y algunas mejoras aerodinámicas mientras que la versión S2000 cuenta con un motor 1.6 cc y tracción a las cuatro ruedas aunque con una restricción de una brida de 30 mm en el turbo, a diferencia del WRC que cuenta con 33 mm. Existe una versión del vehículo denominada Mini John Cooper S2000 1.6T que dispone de un motor de 1600 cc pero con menos restricción en el turbocompresor.

Fue presentado en el Salón del Automóvil de Ginebra de 2011 e hizo su debut en el Rally de Portugal de 2011 pilotados por los pilotos Daniel Oliveira y Armindo Araújo. Posteriormente Oliveira volvería a utilizarlo en el Rally de Jordania.

La primera victoria del Mini fue en el Campeonato de Italia de Rally de Tierra en 2011, pilotado por el italiano Andrea Navarra.

En 2012 el piloto español Dani Sordo participó en el Rally de Córcega, prueba puntuable para el IRC con un Mini John Cooper Works S2000 desarrollado por Prodrive, logrando la primera victoria para el coche en dicho certamen y compitiendo frente a otros Super 2000 como el Škoda Fabia y el Peugeot 207 con más victorias y experiencia en el campeonato.

Victorias

Campeonato de Europa de Rally

IRC

Campeonato de Italia de Tierra

Véase también
 Mini John Cooper Works WRC

Referencias

Enlaces externos

MINI
Vehículos Super 2000
Modelos de competición de BMW
John Cooper Works S2000

Mini John Cooper Works S2000


هنا قائمة ببطولات ويمبلدون سنة 1993:

الكبار

فردي رجال

 بيت سامبراس هزم  جيم كورير 7-6(7-3) 7-6(8-6) 3-6 6-3

فردي سيدات

 ستيفي جراف هزم  يانا نوفوتنا 7-6(8-6) 1-6 6-4

زوجي رجال
 تود وودبرديج و مارك وودفورد هزم  غرانت كونيل و باتريك غالبيرث 7-5 6-3 7-6(7-4)

السحب

زوجي سيدات
 غيغي فيرنانديز و ناتاشا زفيريفا هزم  لاريسا نايلاند و يانا نوفوتنا 6-4 6-7(4-7) 6-4

السحب

زوجي مختلط
 مارك وودفورد و مارتينا نافراتيلوفا هزم  توم نيسن و مانون بوليغراف 6-3 6-4

الشباب

فردي أولاد
 رضوان ساباو هزم  جيمي سزمينيسكي 6-1 6-3

فردي بنات
 نانسي فيبر هزم  ريتا غراند 7-6(7-3) 1-6 6-2

زوجي أولاد
 ستيفن دونز و جيمس جرينهالغ هزم  نيفيل غودوين و غاريث ويليامز 6-7(6-8) 7-6(7-4) 7-5

زوجي بنات
 لورانس كورتويس و نانسي فيبر هزم  Hiroko Mochizuki و يوكو يوشيدا 6-3 6-4

مراجع

لندن في 1993
أحداث يوليو 1993 الرياضية في المملكة المتحدة
أحداث يونيو 1993 الرياضية في المملكة المتحدة
كرة المضرب في 1993

بطولة ويمبلدون 1993


Fabinho Santos (født 26. juni 1973) er en tidligere brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Fabinho Santos


Distant Thunder est un film américain réalisé par Rick Rosenthal, sorti en 1988.

Synopsis

Un vétéran de la guerre du Vietnâm abandonne femme et enfant après être revenu aux Etats-Unis. Dix ans après, il vit comme un animal dans une forêt. Lorsqu'il reprend contact avec son fils, il réalise qu'il a causé de graves dommages dans sa famille.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Distant Thunder
 Réalisation : Rick Rosenthal
 Scénario : Robert Stitzel et Deedee Wehle
 Photographie : Ralf D. Bode
 Montage : Dennis Virkler
 Musique : Maurice Jarre
 Société de production : Paramount Pictures, Columbia Pictures
 Pays d'origine : États-Unis
 Genre : drame
 Date de sortie : 1988

Distribution
 Ralph Macchio : Jack Lambert
 John Lithgow : Mark Lambert
 Kerrie Keane : Char
 Reb Brown : Harvey Nitz
 Janet Margolin : Barbara Lambert
 Denis Arndt : Larry
 Jamey Sheridan : Moss
 Tom Bower : Louis
  : Coach Swabey
  : Holly
 Gordon Currie : Billy Watson
  : la serveuse

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 1988
Film dramatique américain
Film de Columbia Pictures
Film de Paramount Pictures
Film se déroulant dans l'État de Washington
Film sur la guerre du Viêt Nam
Film sur l'US Navy SEAL
Film réalisé par Rick Rosenthal
Film avec une musique composée par Maurice Jarre

Distant Thunder


Teşbih, "benzetmek" manasına gelir. İfadeyi kuvvetlendirmek için aralarında benzerlik bulunan iki kavramdan zayıf olanın güçlüye benzetilmesidir. Dinî kavramlarda ise Teşbîh, Tanrı'nın şeklen insana benzetilmesi mânâsına gelmektedir.

Öğeleri
Bir teşbihte dört öğe bulunur:
 Benzetilen (müşebbehün-bin): Kendisine benzetilen, birbirine benzetilen nesne ya da kavramlardan nitelikçe daha güçlü, daha üstün olan
 Benzeyen (müşebbeh): Birbirine benzetilen nesne ya da kavramlardan nitelikçe daha güçsüz, zayıf olan.
 Benzetme yönü (vech-i şebeh): Birbirlerine benzetilen nesne ve kavramlar arasındaki ortak nitelik.
 Benzetme ilgeci (edat-ı teşbih): Nesne ve kavramlar arasında benzetme ilgisi kuran ilgeç ya da ilgeç işlevi gören sözcük.

Örneğin "yol yılan gibi kıvrılıyor" dendiğinde, "yol" benzeyen, "yılan" kendisine benzetilen, "kıvrılıyor" benzetme yönü, "gibi" ise benzetme edatıdır.

Türleri
Teşbih, bu öğelerden bir ya da birkaçının kullanılıp kullanılmamasına göre dörde ayrılır:
 Ayrıntılı benzetme: dört öğenin de bulunduğu teşbih. Örneğin, "Ahmet aslan gibi güçlüdür".
 Kısaltılmış benzetme: benzetme yönü bulunmayan teşbih. Örneğin, "Ahmet aslan gibidir" (burada "güçlülük" vurgulanmamıştır).
 Pekiştirilmiş benzetme: benzetme ilgeci bulunmayan teşbih. Örneğin, "Ahmet kuvvetli aslandır" (bu teşbihte "gibi" ilgeci kullanılmamış).
 Yalın benzetme: benzetme yönü ve benzetme ilgeci bulunmayan teşbih. Örneğin, "Aslan Ahmet".

Kaynakça

Dış kaynaklar
 Pala, İskender (1999 27.bas. 2016), Ansiklopedik Divan Şiiri Sözlüğü, İstanbul:Kapı Yayınları, ISBN 9758950218, Sayfa:452
 Dilçin, Cem (1983) Örneklerle Türk Şiir Bilgisi, Ankara:Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları ISBN 9789751604897
 İpekten, Haluk (1994, 14.bas.2011), Eski Türk Edebiyatı Nazım şekilleri ve Arûz, İstanbul:Dergah Yayınları, ISBN 9759953539
 Muallim Nâci, (haz. M. A. Yekta Saraç), (2004) Edebiyat Terimleri: Istılahât-ı Edebiyye, İstanbul:
 Tural, Sadık Kemal (ed.) (2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006), Türk Dünyası Edebiyat Terimleri ve Kavramları Ansiklopedik Sözlüğü 5 Cilt, Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Yayınları,  ISBN 3990000025722
 Coşkun, Menderes (2007) Sözün Büyüsü Edebî Sanatlar, İstanbul:Dergah Yayınları  ISBN 9759953447, Sayfa: 43-65.

Dış bağlantılar
 Sarıkaya, Meliha, (2010) "Teşbih 3. Türk edebiyatı ", Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. c.40 say. 557-558 Online:

Söz sanatları
Edebiyat terimleri

Teşbih


An Ophrys sundermanniana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Othmar Danesch ngan Edeltraud Danesch. An Ophrys sundermanniana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ophrys, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Greece. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ophrys

Ophrys sundermanniana


Flora Americae Septentrionalis, o a Systematic Arrangement and Description of the Plants of North America, (abrevidado Fl. Amer. Sept., es un libro de botánica escrito por el botánico germano-estadounidense Frederick Traugott Pursh en el año 1814 y donde se describe la flora de Norteamérica septentrional.

Referencias

Libros de botánica
Publicaciones científicas
Libros de 1814

Flora Americae Septentrionalis


Placido Maria Schiaffino,  (Gênova, 5 de setembro de 1829 – Subiaco, 23 de setembro de 1889) foi um cardeal italiano da Igreja Católica, prefeito da Sagrada Congregação do Índice dos Livros Proibidos e bibliotecário da Biblioteca Vaticana.

Biografia
De família modesta, completou seus estudos iniciais em Gênova e em 1846 ingressou na Ordem de Nossa Senhora do Monte Oliveto no mosteiro de San Girolamo di Quarto a Mare. Emitiu a profissão em 17 de outubro de 1847. Foi enviado a Roma para estudar filosofia no Collegio Romano em 1847 e no ano seguinte, por causa dos acontecimentos políticos, teve que interrompê-los e foi enviado a Palermo para exercer as funções de mestre de noviços no Mosteiro olivetano da Sicília.

Foi ordenado padre em 1852. Continuou seus estudos em Roma de 1850 a 1854, obtendo um doutorado em teologia. Dedicou-se à pregação, residindo na Abadia de Monte Oliveto Maggiore em Siena. Foi nomeado chanceler de sua congregação em 15 de maio de 1859. Em 3 de junho de 1870, foi eleito abade ordinário e vigário geral de sua congregação; nessa qualidade, participou do Concílio Vaticano I. Foi chamado a Roma pelo Papa Leão XIII, que o ouvira pregar na Quaresma de 1868, na Catedral de Perúgia, onde o futuro papa era bispo.

Eleito bispo titular de Níssa em 30 de agosto de 1878, foi consagrado em 1 de setembro, na igreja do mosteiro dos Oblatos de Santa Francesca Romana di Tor de' Specchi, em Roma, por Raffaele Monaco La Valletta, Cardeal-vigário de Roma, coadjuvado por Filippo Manetti, secretário da Sagrada Ccongregação da Visita Apostólica, e por Giulio Lenti, vice-gerente de Roma.

Nomeado presidente da Pontifícia Academia dos Nobres Eclesiásticos em 2 de novembro de 1878, permaneceu até ser nomeado Secretário da Sagrada Congregação para os Bispos e Regulares, em 18 de novembro de 1884.

Foi criado cardeal pelo Papa Leão XIII, no Consistório de
27 de julho de 1885, recebendo o barrete vermelho e o título de cardeal-presbítero de São João e São Paulo em 30 de julho do mesmo ano.

Foi o presidente honorário da comissão para a celebração do jubileu sacerdotal do Papa Leão XIII, em 1887. Tornou-se prefeito da Sagrada Congregação do Índice dos Livros Proibidos, de 6 de abril de 1888 até 20 de fevereiro de 1889, quando foi nomeado Bibliotecário da Biblioteca Vaticana. Foi membro do Conselho de Estudos Históricos, a partir de 28 de abril de 1889 e, em 18 de maio, tornou-se administrador da abadia beneditina de Subiaco.

Faleceu em 23 de setembro de 1889, de gastroenterite aguda, em Subiaco. Foi velado na igreja da abadia de Subiaco e sepultado no cemitério da cidade. O funeral teve lugar na igreja de Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, em 28 de setembro de 1889, com a missa sendo celebrada por Giovanni Maria Mantovano, O.F.M., bispo titular de Meloe di Licia; a absolvição final foi dada pelo cardeal Lucido Maria Parocchi, cardeal-vigário de Roma, com treze cardeais presentes.

Depois que rumores de que ele havia sido envenenado foram publicados na imprensa liberal, seus médicos publicaram no L'Osservatore Romano de 27 de setembro de 1889 um boletim muito detalhado sobre a natureza de sua doença. Em 1936, seus restos mortais foram transferidos para a Basílica de Santa Maria Nuova.

Ligações externas

Naturais de Gênova
Cardeais da Itália
Cardeais nomeados pelo papa Leão XIII
Cardeais beneditinos

Placido Maria Schiaffino


Alpha TV is a Greek free-to-air channel, one of the biggest stations in Greece. The station features a mix of Greek and foreign shows with an emphasis on information. The studios are located in Kifissia and Pallini. Alpha TV is owned by Alpha Satellite Television S.A. In Cyprus, private broadcaster Sigma TV used to broadcast a number of Alpha's programs. In the past, public service broadcaster CyBC used to broadcast Alpha TV programs. In 2015, Alpha TV Cyprus was founded, and broadcast the Alpha TV Programs and others of its own. Alpha Cyprus is now one of the highest-rated Cypriot channels.

History

1993: Skai TV was launched to compete with Mega and ANT1 similar to ERT Channels. It began broadcasting with a heavy emphasis on news and sports.  At the time, its sister station was the #1 ranked radio station in Athens, Skai 100.4.
1994: Skai TV began to exchange family/children's programmes from Star Channel with Alpha's children's programming.
1999: Skai TV sold, renamed Alpha Sky, later A-Sky during a transition period and now to Alpha TV.
2002: Alpha TV begins broadcast of its international network called Alpha Australia and signs up with UBI World TV to make it available outside of Australia as well as Asia and Africa.
2007: Alpha TV launches its channel Alpha Sat into North America on DirecTV.
2008: Alpha Australia debuts in New Zealand via UBI World TV. Alpha TV & Alpha Radio are sold to RTL Group, who now control the majority share in the company.
2012: RTL Group sell their share to Dimitris Kontominas, giving him full control of the channel.
2016: On 4 April, makes premiere the Cypriot version, called Alpha TV Cyprus.

When the channel was called Skai TV, it was written using Greek letters. It was Latinized and changed to a blue font in 1999 when Tsotsoros bought it from Giannis Alafouzos. In September 1999, it became Alpha-Sky before changing to its present name in October of the same year. The logo was retained despite the changes in the channel's name.

In 2006, the logo was changed to Alpha, the first letter of the Greek alphabet, to reflect the channel's popularity. The font letters in 2003 changed and a circle was added over Alpha, but the two As (alphas) remain. In 2005, a new version was introduced and is coloured with red. The logo was updated prior to the launch of the 2007-2008 season.

In December 2008, Dimitris Kontominas sold a majority share (66.6%) of Alpha TV to Luxembourg media company RTL Group. Kontominas will continue to be involved with Alpha as he still owns 33.4% and has been named the president of the new holding company called Alpha Media Group.

In March 2009, the company made significant changes to the news programming output. The afternoon news show has been cut to 15 minutes in duration and now airs at 13:00. The main evening news has also moved from the highly competitive slot of 20:00 and instead broadcasts at 19:00.

On 5 January 2012, RTL Group announced that they had reached an agreement to sell their share to minority owner Dimitris Kontominas, making him once again the full owner of the channel. The deal was finalized by the end of the first quarter of 2012.

In the summer of 2018, some of its shows moved to Star Channel facilities and on October 30, the purchase of 50.1% of his shares by the Vardinogiannis group was announced, which later acquired the remaining shares, making him the full owner.

In mid-2022, Primos Media, owned by an investment group in Luxembourg, acquired half of the channel's shares, with the other half and management remaining with the Vardinogiannis group.

Current programs

Talk shows
Happy Day (2014-today)
Super Katerina (2021-today)
TLive (2020-today)

Game show
Deal (2016-today)

Soap operas
Oikogeneiakes Istories (Family Issues) (2010-today)
Min arhizeis ti mourmoura (Do not start moaning) (2013-today)
Ase mas re mama (2021-today)

Former shows

Soap operas
Asteria stin ammo (2019–2020)
Ela sti thesi mou (2016–2021)
San Oikogeneia (2016–2017)
Kato apo tin Akropoli (2001–2003)

Game shows
Divided (2019–2020)
Pano Kato (2019–2020)
Nota Mia (2017–2018)
Slam (2017–2018)
Ready Steady Cook (2017)
Akou ti eipan! (2013–2016)
Fatus Olous (2008–2010)
To pio megalo pazari (2006–2007)
Poios thelei na ginei ekatommyriouhos? (2006)
Diplo Paihnidi (2004–2005)

Talk shows / Variety shows
Style me up (2021–2022)
Pop Up (2020–2021)
Ora gia Meleti (2020)
Mi Masas (2020)
Adelina xtypa to koudouni (2020)
Menoume Alpha (2020)
Ektos Grammis ston Alpha (2019–2020)
Alpha Pantou (2018–2021)
Ti Leei? (2018–2019)
Alpha Reportage (2017–2019)
To kalytero zevgari (2017)
Eurodata (2017)
Xanadeste tous (2016–2017)
Logo Tivis (2015–2016)
Ola Paizoun (2014–2015)
Kairos sto para deka (2014–2015)
Proino Reportage (2014–2015)
Kalokairi Pantou (2014)
Shop TV (2013–2017)
Eleni (2011–2020)
Deste tous! (2009–2014)
Kati Psinete (2009–2017)
Pano stin ora (2009–2011)
Siga min katso na skaso (2008–2009)
Ti paizei simera (2007–2008)
Alithies kai Psemata (2007)
Kous Kous to mesimeri (2005–2011)
Kafes me tin Eleni (2005–2011)
Apo Kardias (2005–2006)
Mageirevontas me ti Vefa (2005–2006)
Kalimera sas (2004–2009)
Proino Kous Kous (2004–2005)
Me tin kali ennoia vevaia (2004)
Kainourgia Mera (2002–2006)
Boro (2001–2004)
Kalos tous / 11 kai kati (2001–2004)
Kainourgia Imera (2000–2001)
Apo to Alpha os to omega (1999–2000)

Alpha Cyprus

Alpha TV Cyprus founded in 2015. A year later, in April 2016, begins operations. Alpha Cyprus broadcasts across the country. The channel broadcasts Alpha Greece programs, and also new Cypriot programs. Now, Alpha Cyprus is one of the highest-rated channels in Cyprus, with a 13.5% share.

Alpha Sat

Alpha Sat is the international service of the channel of the same name for the Greek diaspora. It broadcasts its program in Asia, Africa, Australia, New Zealand and North America. Alpha Sat launched in Australia in May 2002 and in June 2008 in New Zealand. In June 2012, UBI World TV ceased operations, and as a result, Alpha Sat was temporarily unavailable to viewers in Australia. In January 2013, the channel re-launched via TV Plus, an upstart satellite provider.

In North America, Alpha Sat launched in May 2007 in the United States on the DirecTV platform. On 1 January 2011, Alpha Sat moved to a rival satellite platform Dish Network.

On May 14, 2013, was officially added to the CRTC's approved the list of foreign services, allowing the channel to expand into Canada. Odyssey, who sponsored the application to get the channel on the approved list, is the official Canadian distributor of the channel. Alpha Sat officially launched in Canada on 30 July 2013, via Rogers Cable and Vidéotron. It is also available on Bell Satellite TV and Bell Fibe TV.

Reporters
Dimos Verikios
Antonis Sroiter
Nikos Manesis

See also
List of programs broadcast by Alpha TV

References

External links
Official site
Alpha Sat

Television channels in Greece
Television networks in Greece
Greek-language television stations
Television channels and stations established in 1999
1999 establishments in Greece

Alpha TV


40 dana je hrvatski srednjometražni dokumentarni film iz 2018. godine scenarista i redatelja Ante Čaljkušića.

Snimljen je u produkciji inicijative "40 dana za život" 2018. godine. Govori o problemu pobačaja, o plodovima i rezultatima svjetske molitvene pro-life inicijative "40 dana za život". Radnja filma obiluje svjedočanstvima molitelja i sudionika Inicijative, žena i muškaraca koji su odabrali život ili imaju iskustvo pobačaja.

Snimljen je u Hrvatskoj, a obogaćen je kadrovima iz Budimpešte, Londona, Rima i Houstona. U film su prikazani i Robert Colquhoun, međunarodni koordinator inicijative "40 dana za život" te Shawn Carney, njezin pokretač i predsjednik koji je progovorio o nastanku Inicijative u svijetu. Pretpremijera filma održana je 19. listopada 2018. u Zagrebu, a kasnije je prikazan u drugim gradovima Hrvatske.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Dokumentarni film 40 dana na You Tubeu

Hrvatski dokumentarni filmovi
Pro-life pokret u Hrvatskoj

40 dana (2018.)


Papilio mechowi est une espèce de lépidoptères (papillons) de la famille des Papilionidae. Cette espèce est présente en Afrique subsaharienne : Cameroun, Angola, République centrafricaine, Soudan, République démocratique du Congo, Ouganda.

Description
Le dimorphisme sexuel est faible. À l'avers les ailes sont marron foncé. Les ailes antérieures portent une série de macules allongées de couleur crème et quelques petites macules marginales de même couleur. Les ailes antérieures sont un peu allongées, sans queues. Elles portent une bande crème et des macules marginales arrondies. Au revers les ailes sont plus claires. Les motifs sont similaires, mais les ailes postérieures sont orangées à la base, les veines sont noires et il y a des traits noirs dans les espaces intraveineux. Le corps est noir avec des macules blanches.

Écologie
L'écologie de cette espèce est mal connue. La plante-hôte n'a pas été identifiée. Comme chez les autres espèce de Papilio les chenilles passent probablement par cinq stades avant de se changer en chrysalide, et la chrysalide est fixée à son support par son crémaster et par une ceinture de soie.

Habitat et répartition
Papilio mechowi est présent dans l'écozone afrotropicale : Cameroun, Angola, République centrafricaine, Soudan, République démocratique du Congo, Ouganda.

Systématique
L'espèce Papilio mechowi a été décrite pour la première fois en 1881 par l'entomologiste allemand  (1848-1890) dans Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift à partir d'un spécimen d'Angola. L'espèce appartient au groupe de Papilio zenobia, composé d'une dizaine de Papilio africains.

Sous-espèces
 P. mechowi mechowi Dewitz, 1881 : Cameroun, Angola, République centrafricaine, Soudan (sud et autour de Tambura), République démocratique du Congo, Ouganda (ouest)
 P. mechowi whitnalli Neave, 1904 : Ouganda (est et centre).

Papilio mechowi et l'Humain

Nom vernaculaire
Papilio mechowi est appelé en anglais Cream Sash.

Menaces et conservation
Cette espèce n'est pas évaluée par l'UICN.

Liens externes

Notes et références

Papilionidae
Lépidoptère d'Afrique
Lépidoptère décrit au XIXe siècle
Faune d'Afrique centrale
Faune d'Afrique de l'Est

Papilio mechowi