L'affrontement de 2009 entre l'Afghanistan et l'Iran est survenu le 23 avril 2009 lorsqu'un affrontement a éclaté entre les gardes-frontières de l'Afghanistan et de l'Iran dans la province de Nimroz près de la frontière entre l'Afghanistan et l'Iran. Un  a été tué dans l'affrontement et un autre garde-frontière a été capturé par la .

Affrontement
Le général Saifullah Hakim, chef de la police des frontières afghane à Nimroz, a déclaré à Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty que les gardes-frontières iraniens avaient ignoré les avertissements émis par les forces afghanes après avoir franchi illégalement la frontière afghane et pénétré dans le district Tang de Nimroz. Dans la fusillade qui en a résulté avec la police des frontières afghane, un garde-frontière iranien a été tué tandis qu'un autre a été capturé. Le général Hakim dit que cela a été reconnu par les autorités iraniennes et que le soldat détenu ainsi que le corps du soldat décédé seront renvoyés en Iran. La chaîne de télévision iranienne Press TV a également rapporté la mort d'un soldat iranien et la capture de l'autre par la police des frontières afghane.

Auparavant, les deux pays s'étaient également affrontés le , entraînant la mort d'un soldat afghan et d'un soldat iranien, et le , entraînant la mort d'un civil afghan et la blessure de deux soldats iraniens.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Accrochage de 2021 entre l'Afghanistan et l'Iran
 Affrontement de 2023 entre l'Afghanistan et l'Iran

Incident de frontière
Avril 2009
2009 en Afghanistan
2009 en Iran
Relations internationales en 2009
Relations entre l'Afghanistan et l'Iran

Affrontement de 2009 entre l'Afghanistan et l'Iran


is a novel by Japanese writer Jun'ichirō Tanizaki that was serialized from 1943 to 1948. It follows the lives of the wealthy Makioka family of Osaka from the autumn of 1936 to April 1941, focusing on the family's attempts to find a husband for the third sister, Yukiko. It depicts the decline of the family's upper-middle-class, suburban lifestyle as the specter of World War II and Allied Occupation hangs over the novel.

It was translated into English by Edward G. Seidensticker, and published by Alfred A. Knopf.

Patrick McCoy of the Japan Times described the book as being "Tolstoyan in length and scope."

Story
Title

The novel's title, , means lightly falling snow and is also used in classical Japanese poetry. The image suggests falling cherry blossoms in early spring—a number of poets confess to confusing falling cherry blossoms with snow. Falling cherry blossoms are a common symbol of impermanence, a prevalent theme of the novel. The  in Sasameyuki is the same as the yuki in Yukiko's name, suggesting that she is the central character of the novel.

These nuances do not translate well into English.  The translator, Edward Seidensticker, struggled over the title. Translations like "Fine Snow" and "Snow Flurries" do not convey the elegance or layers of meaning in the Japanese title.

Characters

, the eldest Makioka sister and mistress of the main house
, the second-oldest Makioka sister and mistress of the Ashiya branch house
, the third Makioka sister; thirty and unmarried, shy and retiring
, the youngest Makioka sister; unable to marry Okubata until a husband has been found for Yukiko
, Tsuruko's husband and head of the family, a cautious bank employee who has taken the Makioka name
, Sachiko's husband, an accountant who has also taken the Makioka name
, young daughter of Sachiko and Teinosuke
, a maid at the Ashiya house
, son of a prominent Osaka merchant family, has tried to elope with Taeko
, a photographer and former clerk at the Okubatas' jewelry store
, owner of the beauty parlor the Makioka sisters patronize, enjoys acting as a go-between in marriage negotiations

Plot

Book One

The Makiokas are an upper-middle-class family from Osaka, Japan. At the time of their father's prime, they were one of the wealthiest families in the region, but over the last generation their fortunes have fallen into decline. The main branch lives in Osaka, at the family home, and consists of the eldest sister, Tsuruko, her husband, Tatsuo, who has taken the Makioka name, and their six children. The branch house is located in Ashiya, an affluent suburb between Osaka and Kobe, and consists of the second-oldest sister, Sachiko, her husband, Teinosuke (also an adopted Makioka), and their young daughter, Etsuko. Tsuruko and Sachiko have two younger sisters, Yukiko and Taeko, who are unmarried and move between the main house and the branch house.

As the novel opens, the Makiokas' pride has led them to dismiss the numerous marriage proposals they have received for Yukiko in the past, but, now that their fortunes have declined, the rate of proposals has slowed, and Yukiko, now thirty, remains without a husband. To make matters worse, her name was mistakenly printed in place of Taeko's in a local newspaper story: Taeko had run away with Okubata. Tatsuo demanded a retraction, but instead, the newspaper ran a correction, replacing Yukiko's name with Taeko's. The article embarrassed the Makioka family and stained both Yukiko's and Taeko's names; unhappy with the way Tatsuo handled the affair and generally dissatisfied with his cautious nature, Yukiko and Taeko have begun spending most of their time at the Ashiya house. In the wake of the newspaper incident, Taeko finds refuge in doll making—she is quite skilled, and her dolls are sold in department stores. She convinces Sachiko to find her a studio, where she spends a great deal of time working on her dolls.

Itani brings Sachiko a marriage prospect, a man named Segoshi. Hurried by Itani, the family agrees to an informal  before they can thoroughly check Segoshi's background. The Makiokas become optimistic about their chances of making the match, but are eventually forced to decline when they discover that Segoshi's mother is afflicted with a kind of dementia which was considered hereditary.

A few months later, Sachiko receives word of another marriage prospect, this time from an old classmate, Mrs. Jimba. The prospective groom is a middle-aged widower named Nomura. Sachiko is not particularly excited about him, because of his aged appearance, but decides to have him investigated all the same. She asks Mrs. Jimba to give them one or two months to make a decision.
In the meantime, the bank Tatsuo works for has decided to send him to Tokyo to manage a branch office. He and his family will move to Tokyo, and it is decided that Yukiko and Taeko should go with them. Taeko is allowed to stay in Ashiya for a short while to tend to her business, but Yukiko is to leave immediately.

Yukiko is unhappy in Tokyo, and Tsuruko suggests they send her back to Osaka for a while. A follow-up letter regarding Nomura arrives from Mrs. Jimba, just as Sachiko is searching for an excuse to send for Yukiko. Though not enthusiastic about the match, the Makiokas agree to a miai as a pretense for bringing Yukiko back to Ashiya.

Shortly before the miai, Sachiko has a miscarriage, and the Makiokas are forced to postpone meeting Nomura. When Sachiko, Teinosuke, and Yukiko finally meet him, a week later, Sachiko is surprised at how old he looks. After dinner, they are taken back to Nomura's house, where he shows them the Buddhist altar where he prays for his dead wife and children. Yukiko, put off by his insensitivity, declares that she cannot marry him. The family refuses Nomura's marriage proposal, and Yukiko is sent back to Tokyo.

Book Two

Taeko's interest in dolls wanes and she begins to devote time to Western-style sewing and traditional Osaka dance. A dance recital is held at the Ashiya house with Taeko as one of the performers. A personable young photographer named Itakura takes pictures at the request of Okubata. Itakura and Taeko are already acquainted; he photographs her dolls.

A month later, a disastrous flood strikes the Kansai region. Taeko is attending a sewing school in the area hardest hit. Itakura rescues her. Impressed by his heroism, Taeko begins to fall for him. Eventually Taeko's and Itakura's relationship becomes known to Sachiko, who disapproves because of Itakura's low social standing. Nevertheless, Taeko is determined to marry him.

Taeko wants to study fashion design in France with her sewing teacher and asks Sachiko to convince the main house to support her. When Taeko's sewing teacher abandons her plans to go to France, Taeko decides to open a Western-style dress shop. She goes to Tokyo to ask the main house for money, but is immediately called back to Osaka because Itakura has fallen ill.

Itakura is hospitalized for an inner-ear infection and dies of gangrene resulting from complications of surgery. Itakura's death alleviates Sachiko's concern that Taeko will marry below their class.

Book Three

In June, Tatsuo's eldest sister alerts Sachiko of a marriage prospect, a Mr. Sawazaki from a prominent Nagoya family.  Sachiko, Yukiko, Taeko, and Etsuko visit Tatsuo's sister in Ōgaki so that Yukiko can attend the miai. The miai does not go well: Sachiko is left with a negative impression, and Sawazaki rejects the marriage. This is the first time the Makiokas have been refused by a marriage prospect.

Upon her return, Sachiko hears that Taeko has taken up again with Okubata. As the relationship grows increasingly open, Teinosuke informs Tsuruko.  Tsuruko demands that Taeko be sent to Tokyo; Taeko refuses and is disinherited.

Later, Itani presents another marriage prospect for Yukiko. The potential suitor, Hashidera, is an attractive candidate, but he is uncertain if he wants to remarry. Teinosuke takes Yukiko to meet him and goes to great lengths to see the match through, but Yukiko's shyness causes Hashidera to call off the negotiations.

Just after this, Sachiko is informed that Taeko has fallen severely ill at Okubata's house. At first, it is assumed that she has dysentery, but the diagnosis is later changed to anthrax. Taeko's condition grows progressively worse, and the sisters are torn between finding better care and allowing Taeko to be seen at Okubata's house. Eventually she is moved to the hospital of a family friend, where she slowly recovers.

Meanwhile, Sachiko is told that Taeko has been living off of Okubata since being disinherited. Sachiko also hears that Taeko may be involved with a bar tender named Miyoshi. Sachiko is aghast, but now sees a marriage between Taeko and Okubata as a necessity. After Taeko has recovered, Sachiko learns that Okubata is being pressured by his family to go to Manchuria; Sachiko and Yukiko think that Taeko should go with him. Taeko objects, but Yukiko pushes her, saying that she is indebted to Okubata for everything he has given her. Taeko leaves the house in tears and stays away for two days. Okubata eventually decides against going to Manchuria.

The Makiokas also learn that Itani is planning to sell her shop and travel to America, but before her departure, Itani informs Sachiko that she has another suitor for Yukiko. His name is Mimaki, an illegitimate son of a viscount. The sisters travel to Tokyo to meet him, and he quickly charms them. While in Tokyo, Taeko tells Sachiko that she is four months pregnant with Miyoshi's child. Sachiko and Teinosuke arrange for Taeko to have the baby secretly at Arima. To protect the Makiokas' reputation, Teinosuke asks Okubata to remain silent about Taeko's behavior. Okubata agrees, on condition that Teinosuke compensate him for the money he has spent on Taeko.  Teinosuke agrees to pay him two-thousand yen. Taeko's baby dies at birth, and Taeko moves in with Miyoshi.

The Makiokas are pressed to answer Mimaki's marriage proposal.  Yukiko accepts, whereupon Teinosuke sends a letter to the main house asking for their consent. The wedding date and location are set, and a house is secured for the new couple. Yukiko is not excited when her wedding kimono arrives and suffers from diarrhea, which persists on the train ride to Tokyo.

Background

Tanizaki was born in Tokyo in 1886. After the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake and fire, which destroyed Tokyo, he settled permanently in Kansai, the region where The Makioka Sisters is set. Many of the characters and events in The Makioka Sisters are loosely based on real people and events: Sachiko is modeled after Tanizaki's third wife, Matsuko, and Sachiko's sisters correspond to Matsuko's. Sachiko's husband, Teinosuke, does not resemble Tanizaki, however. The Makioka Sisters spans the period from autumn 1936 to April 1941, ending about seven months before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The novel references a number of contemporary events, such as the Kobe flood of 1938, the Second Sino-Japanese War, and the growing tensions in Europe. Publication began in 1943, at the height of World War II. The popularity of the novel attracted the attention of government censors, who ordered that publication be halted, saying: "The novel goes on and on detailing the very thing we are most supposed to be on our guard against during this period of wartime emergency: the soft, effeminate, and grossly individualistic lives of women."

Themes

Decline and decay are prominent themes of The Makioka Sisters and are emphasized by the repetition of certain events. The succession of Yukiko's suitors, the Makiokas' yearly cherry-viewing excursions, and the increasing severity of illness in the novel form a pattern of "decline-in-repetition". In reaction to this decline, the characters long for an idealized past—they attempt to remain connected to their past through yearly rituals and observances. The Makiokas' adherence to these rituals connects them to the traditions of the merchant class from the Edo period and reflects Tanizaki's belief that the Edo-period culture had been preserved in Osaka. Throughout, the novel contrasts the Kansai and Kantō regions. "Tokyo's poverty, bleakness, and disorder serve to set off Ashiya's harmonious integration of tradition, modernity, and cosmopolitanism". By extolling the virtues of the Kansai region in contrast to Tokyo, Tanizaki may have been making a political statement. The unfavorable comparison of Tokyo to Kansai "in the context of the war years, [is] a subversive reminder of the nonmilitary roots of Japanese culture and a sort of 'secret history' of Japan from 1936 to 1941".

Publication

Sasameyuki began as a serial in the magazine Chūō Kōron in 1943, but publication was halted by the Information Bureau of the Japanese War Ministry after two installments, the first in the issue for New Year 1943 (now Book 1, Chapters 1 to 8) the second in the issue for March 1943 (now Book 1, Chapters 9 to 13). In 1944, Tanizaki published 248 copies of a privately printed edition of Book One, with financial backing from Chūō Kōron; this was, again, censured by the military. After the conclusion of World War II, the novel was published in three parts:  Book 1 in 1946, Book 2 in 1947, and Book 3 in 1948.

Reception and legacy

The novel has been called "the greatest cosmopolitan novel since the Meiji Restoration". Following its success, Tanizaki was awarded the Mainichi Prize for Publication and Culture and the Asahi Culture Prize. The novel has been translated into at least 14 languages. The English translation, by Edward G. Seidensticker, was published in 1957 as The Makioka Sisters.

According to Charles E. Hamilton of the University of California, Berkeley, many reviews in the United States of the English translation were "marked by an air of discomfiture", with some reviews being uncivil and others offering "factitious praise".

Donald Barr of The New York Times compared and contrasted the English translation of the novel with Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. Barr concluded that The Makioka Sisters "has in an immense degree the power of veracity, which is second only to the power of truth." Hamilton argued that Barr's comparison with Austen was done "inaptly". Time stated that the book had "a heroism that [...] bends to the winds of fate like a reed and, never breaking, wins the subtler triumph of endurance." Time stated that significant portions of the book "are dull enough to make U.S. readers wonder if they are not in the hands of the Japanese sandman." According to Hamilton, Anthony West of The New Yorker, in Hamilton's own words, "guyed the book at scurrilous length as a mere exercise in medical naturalism."

Hamilton himself called the translation in the English version "skillful". One criticism Hamilton had was the loss of the Kansai dialect in the translation.

Adaptations
Film
Sasameyuki. Directed by Yutaka Abe. Tokyo: New Tōhō Company. 1950.
Sasameyuki. Directed by Koji Shima. Tokyo: The Greater Japan Motion Picture Company. 1959.
The Makioka Sisters. Directed by Kon Ichikawa. Tokyo: Toho Co., Ltd.. 1983.
Television
Sasameyuki. Nippon Television Network Corporation. Tokyo. 1957.
Sasameyuki. NET (Now, TV Asahi Corporation). Tokyo. 1959.
Sasameyuki. Nippon Television Network Corporation. Tokyo. 1965.
Sasameyuki. Fuji Television Network, Inc. Tokyo. 1966.
Sasameyuki. Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation. Osaka. 1980.

Notes

Bibliography
Boscaro, Adriana. "Tanizaki in Western Languages." Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, The University of Michigan, 2000.
Chambers, Anthony H. The Secret Window: Ideal Worlds in Tanizaki's Fiction. Cambridge, Mass., and London: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Chambers, Anthony H. "The Makioka Sisters as a Political Novel," in A Tanizaki Feast: The International Symposium in Venice. Ed. Adriana Boscaro and Anthony H. Chambers. Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, The University of Michigan, 1998. 133–138.
Chiba Shunji. "The Makioka Sisters as an Emaki," in A Tanizaki Feast: The International Symposium in Venice. Ed. Adriana Boscaro and Anthony H. Chambers. Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, The University of Michigan, 1998. 125–131.
Gatten, Aileen. "Edward Seidensticker: A Biography," in New Leaves: Studies in Translations of Japanese Literature in Honor of Edward Seidensticker.  Ed. Aileen Gatten and Anthony H. Chambers. Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, The University of Michigan. 1993. 1–4.
  - See document on ProQuest
Ito, Ken. "Fair Dreams of Hanshin," in Visions of Desire: Tanizaki's Fictional Worlds. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1991. 185–208.
Johnston, William. "Illness, Disease, and Medicine in Three Novels by Tanizaki," in A Tanizaki Feast: The International Symposium in Venice. Ed. Adriana Boscaro and Anthony H. Chambers. Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, The University of Michigan, 1998. 139–150.
Keene, Donald. "Japanese Writers and the Greater East Asia War." The Journal of Asian Studies 23.2 (February, 1964): 209–225.
Keene, Donald. "Tanizaki Jun'ichirō," in Dawn to the West: Japanese Literature in the Modern Era. New York: Holt, Rinheart, and Winston, 1984. 720–785.
Nakamura Shin'ichirō. "Tanizaki to Sasameyuki," in Tanizaki Jun'ichirō, pp. 56–67. Nihon bunkagu kenkyū shiryō sōsho. Yūseidō, 1972.
Noguchi Takehiko. "Time in the World of Sasameyuki." Trans. Teruko Craig. Journal of Japanese Studies 3.1 (Winter, 1977): 1–36.
Richie, Donald.  "The Film Adaptations," in A Tanizaki Feast: The International Symposium in Venice. Ed. Adriana Boscaro and Anthony H. Chambers. Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, The University of Michigan, 1998. 163–170.
Rubin, Jay. Injurious to Public Morals: Writers and the Meiji State. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1984.
Seidensticker, Edward G. "Introduction," in The Makioka Sisters. New York: Everyman's Library, 1993. ix–xxiii.

Further reading

External links
Text of volume 1 in Aozora Bunko
Tanizaki Junichiro Memorial Museum
倚松庵 isyouan  (Tanizaki's house when writing "The Makioka Sisters")

1943 novels
Novels by Junichiro Tanizaki
Japanese serial novels
Works originally published in Chūōkōron
Novels set in Japan
Japanese novels adapted into films
Alfred A. Knopf books

The Makioka Sisters


زاوية النيّان (بتشديد الياء، وهي تكتب بشكل خاطئ في بعض المصادر زاوية التبان) أووادي سمالوس هي منطقة في شرق ليبيا. تقع إلى الجنوب من البيضاء بحوالي 90 كم، وجنوب مراوة بحوالي 35 كم. كما تقع إلى الشرق من الخروبة بحوالي 40 كم، وإلى الغرب من المخيلي بحوالي 75 كم، وهي بذلك تقع على نقطة التقاطع بين طريق الخروبة–التميمي، وبين طريق قصر ليبيا-مراوة-وداي سمالوس، وهي تتبع شعبية الجبل الأخضر.

وقع في هذا الموقع عدة معارك أيام الاحتلال الإيطالي بين القوات الإيطالية، وبين المجاهدين الليبيين في الفترة ما بين فبراير 1925، وأغسطس 1927.

ملاحظات

أماكن مأهولة في شعبية الجبل الأخضر
قرى ومدن الجبل الأخضر

زاوية النيان


An Polystachya tsinjoarivensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie. An Polystachya tsinjoarivensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Polystachya, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Polystachya

Polystachya tsinjoarivensis


King of Fighters R-1 es un videojuego de lucha lanzado solamente en Japón por SNK en 1998 para el sistema portátil  Neo Geo Pocket. El juego está inspirado en la versión de arcade de KOF 97. Los personajes fueron dibujados de tipo super deformed lo que le da el tono humorístico. Una secuela, llamada The King of Fighters R-2, fue lanzada el año siguiente (1999).

Personajes jugables

Kyo Kusanagi
Iori Yagami
Chizuru Kagura
Yashiro Nanakase
Shermie
Chris
Terry Bogard
Ryo Sakazaki
Kim Kaphwan
Yuri Sakazaki
Mai Shiranui
Athena Asamiya
Leona Heidern
Shingo Yabuki

Personajes desbloqueables

Orochi Iori
Orochi Leona
Orochi Yashiro
Orochi Shermie
Orochi Chris
Orochi

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Videojuegos de The King of Fighters
Videojuegos de 1998
Videojuegos para Neo Geo Pocket
Videojuegos para Nintendo Switch
Videojuegos desarrollados en Japón

King of Fighters R-1


Julien Nsengiyumva (* 22. Oktober 1978 in Byumba) ist ein ehemaliger ruandischer Fußballspieler.

Karriere

Verein
Nsengiyumva startete 1996 seine Laufbahn bei Kiyovu Sport Kigali. Nachdem er fünf Saisons für Kiyovu Sport spielte, wechselte er im Dezember 2001 zu APR FC. Nsengiyumva verließ im Frühjahr 2002 Ruanda und wechselte nach Vietnam zu PVFC Sông Lam Nghệ An. Nach nur einer Saison unterschrieb er bei V-League-Rivale Xi măng Hải Phòng. Nach viereinhalb Jahren in Vietnam wechselte er 2008 nach Belgien zu Eendracht Nieuwerkerken.

Nationalmannschaft
Nsengiyumva spielte von 2000 bis 2004 für die ruandische Fußballnationalmannschaft. Dort gelangen ihm in vier Partien zwei Treffer.

Einzelnachweise

Fußballnationalspieler (Ruanda)
Fußballspieler (Sông Lam Nghệ An)
Geboren 1978
Mann
Ruander

Julien Nsengiyumva


Carsten Thomassen (* 22. August 1948 in Grindsted) ist ein dänischer Mathematiker, der sich mit Graphentheorie beschäftigt.

Thomassen studierte an der Universität Aarhus (Kandidatentitel 1972 bei Gabriel Dirac) und wurde 1976 an der University of Waterloo  bei Daniel Younger promoviert (Paths and cycles in graphs). Er war Assistent in Aarhus, ab 1972 Assistenzprofessor und ab 1976 Lektor.

Seit 1981 ist er Professor für Mathematik an der Technischen Universität Dänemarks in Lyngby.

Von 1994 bis 2001 war er auch Adjunct Professor an der University of Waterloo und er war Gastprofessor unter anderem an der University of Pennsylvania, der University of Otago, dem Isaac Newton Institute in Cambridge (2008), der Louisiana State University, der Universität Bielefeld, der Universität Claude Bernard in Lyon und der TU Chemnitz.

Ab 1979 war er Mitherausgeber und ab 1989 leitender Herausgeber des Journal of Graph Theory. Seit 2002 ist er Herausgeber des Electronic Journal of Combinatorics. 1990 wurde er Mitglied der Königlich Dänischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und seit 1995 Ritter des Dannebrogordens. 1993 erhielt er den Lester Randolph Ford Award.

1990 war er Invited Speaker auf dem Internationalen Mathematikerkongress in Kyōto (Graphs, random walks and electric networks).

Schriften
mit Bojan Mohar: Graphs on surfaces, Johns Hopkins University Press 2001

Weblinks
Homepage

Einzelnachweise

Däne
Mathematiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Graphentheoretiker
Ritter des Dannebrogordens
Geboren 1948
Mann

Carsten Thomassen (Mathematiker)


Corneliu Covaci sau Corneliu Kovács (sârbă: Kornelije Kovač/Корнелије Ковач, maghiară: Kovács Kornél, poreclit "Bata", n. 1 ianuarie 1942, Niș, Serbia - d. 13 septembrie 2022) a fost un compozitor, cântăreț și dirijor sârb de etnie maghiară.

Bibliografie

Viața timpurie
Se naște în 1942 la Niš în teritoriul comandantului militar în Serbia, fiul unui tată de origini maghiare și mamă sârbă. Kovač a crescut într-o familie de artiști. Bunicul său era dirijor, tatăl era profesor de muzică și violonist, iar mama cânta într-un cor de operă. Fratele său, Mihai Kovács (Mihajlo Kovač) a fost și el cântăreț, dar a intrat ulterior în politică și jurnalism. Corneliu este căsătorit cu Spomenka Kovač și are 3 fiice: Alexandra (n. 1972 la Belgrad), Cristina (n. 1974 la Belgrad) și Ana Kovač (sârba: Aleksandra, Kristina și Anja), Alexandra și Cristina fiind și ele implicate în muzică.

Kovač la început a studiat la liceul muzical din Subotița, după care a încercat să intre la Academia de Muzică din Belgrad, dar a picat examenul de admitere, așa că a studiat la Sarajevo unde a absolvit Academia de Arte Muzicale a Universității din Sarajevo, departamentul Pian Și Teorie.

Formația Indexi
Se alătură formației Indexi în 1966, cu care va cânta în URSS în 1967. În timp ce a stat la Sarajevo a compus piesele Boj na Mišaru și Ako jednom budeš sama. Colaborarea cu Indexi i-a adus faimă, dar după ce face serviciul militar în JNA, el se stabilește la Belgrad, pentru a încerca un proiect propriu.

Korni Grupa și cariera după 1974
Korni grupa (de asemenea cunoscută ca "Corneii") a fost înființată în septembrie 1968, alături de Boian Hreliaț, Vladimir Furdui, Velibor Kațl și Miroslava Koiadinovici. Formația are un succes imens in Iugoslavia, dar se destramă în 1974 (formația s-a mai reunit doar în 1987, la concertul "Legende YU Rocka"/Legendele rockului iugoslav). Își continuă însă, cariera de compozitor. A lucrat cu Rodoliub "Roki" Vulovici, Lepa Brena, Voican Borisavlievici, Dușan Prelevici, Dalibor Brun, Dado Topici, Iosif Bocek, Zdravko Ciolici și Zlatko Peiacovici.

În 1979 se stabilește în Anglia, unde lucreaza la diverse proiecte muzicale. Kornelije Kovač a scris muzică pentru teatru, filme și televiziune. Cântecele sale erau în multe albume care au fost lansate în Iugoslavia, Spania, Franța, America, Suedia, Olanda, Finlanda, etc.

Note

Nașteri în 1942
Nașteri pe 1 ianuarie
Compozitori sârbi
Dirijori sârbi
Decese în 2022
Decese pe 13 septembrie

Kornelije Kovač


Consumo puede referirse a:

Consumo (la actividad del consumidor)
Consumos (antiguo impuesto, y las protestas que generaba -motines de consumos-)

Consumo de energía
 Consumo de energía
 Autoconsumo fotovoltaico, producción individual de electricidad para el propio consumo, a través de paneles solares fotovoltaicos.
 Consumo específico, en eficiencia de motores

Conceptos relacionados con la salud humana
Consumo de oxígeno, en fisiología
Consumo humano (alimentación y otras formas de consumo)
Consumo de drogas
Consumo de tabaco
Consumo de alcohol

Conceptos económicos
Bienes de consumo, por oposición a bienes de inversión
Bienes de consumo duradero
Consumo privado
Consumo público

Extensión del concepto al "consumo de servicios"
La expresión "consumo" hace referencia al consumo de bienes económicos o consumo de mercancías (bienes económicos, mercancías), pero puede extenderse el concepto al consumo de servicios (servicios económicos, sector servicios o terciario)

Conceptos sociales o éticos
Sociedad de consumo
Consumo responsable
Consumo colaborativo
Consumo local
Consumo sostenible
Reducción del consumo (cfr. subdesarrollo) y las tres R

Instituciones
 Oficina de Consumo
 Consejería de Consumo
 Ministerio de Consumo

Títulos de obras de arte o literarias, marcas o empresas
Consumación o consumo
Consuming Impulse
Consum

Notas

Consumo (desambiguación)


The ephors were a board of five magistrates in ancient Sparta. They had an extensive range of judicial, religious, legislative, and military powers, and could shape Sparta's home and foreign affairs.

The word "ephors" (Ancient Greek  éphoroi, plural form of  éphoros) comes from the Ancient Greek  epi, "on" or "over", and  horaō, "to see", i.e., "one who oversees" or "overseer". The ephors were a council of five Spartan men elected annually who swore an oath monthly on the behalf of the state. The Spartan kings, however, would swear on behalf of themselves.

The ephors did not have to kneel before the Kings of Sparta, and were held in high esteem by the citizens because of the importance of their powers and because of the holy role that they earned throughout their functions.

Several other Greek city-states with a Spartan ancestry also had ephors, such as Taras or Cyrene.

History

Creation
Two different accounts of the origins of the ephorate exist in ancient sources. The earliest account is found in the Histories of Herodotus, who traces its origins to the mythical Spartan lawgiver Lycurgus—a version followed by Xenophon, Plato, or Isocrates. A diverging version first appears in the Politics, written in the middle of the 4th century BCE by Aristotle, who tells that the ephorate was created by the Spartan king Theopompos. This version is then more prevalent in subsequent authors, such as Cicero, and especially Plutarch. Modern scholars have identified the source of the second version in a lost work written by the Agiad king Pausanias after he had been forced to abdicate and go into exile in 394 BCE. In this logos, Pausanias likely published Lycurgus' laws, including the Rhetra, which details the different element of the Spartan constitution (kings, gerousia, ekklesia), but does not mention the ephors. It has therefore been suggested that Pausanias was hostile to the ephors, to whom he possibly attributed his banishment, and published the Rhetra to discredit their office. Although the contents of this logos and Pausanias' motivations remain disputed, most modern scholars think the ephors were created at the time of Theopompos, during the Messenian Wars.

According to Plutarch, the ephorate was born out of the necessity for leaders while the kings of Sparta were absent for long periods during the Messenian Wars. The ephors were elected by the popular assembly, and all citizens were eligible. The position of ephor was the only political office open to the whole damos (populace) of men between the ages of 30–60, so eligible Spartans highly sought after the position. They were forbidden to be re-elected and provided a balance for the two kings, who rarely co-operated. Plato called the ephors tyrants, who ran Sparta as despots while the kings were little more than generals. Up to two ephors would accompany a king on extended military campaigns as a sign of control, and they held the authority to declare war during some periods in Spartan history.

Since political and economic decisions were made by majority vote, Sparta's policy could change quickly, when the vote of one ephor changed. For example, in 403 BCE, Pausanias convinced three of the ephors to send an army to Attica, a complete reversal of the policy of Lysander. According to Aristotle, the ephors frequently came from poverty because any Spartan citizen could hold the position, and it was not exclusive to the upper-class. Aristotle stated that because of this they were often liable to corruption. There were times when the legal power of an ephor was taken advantage of, such as with Alcibiades's use of Endius, who persuaded the Spartans to allow Alcibiades to take control of Sparta's peace mission to Athens in 420 BCE.

Cleomenes III abolished the position of ephor in 227 BCE, and replaced them with a position called the patronomos. Cleomenes's coup resulted in the death of four of the five ephors, along with ten other citizens. His abolition of the ephorship allowed him to cement his role as king and prevent anyone from stopping his political reforms. However, the ephorate was restored by the Macedonian King Antigonus III Doson after the Battle of Sellasia in 222 BCE. Although Sparta fell under Roman rule in 146 BCE, the position existed into the 2nd century CE, when it was likely abolished by Roman Emperor Hadrian and superseded by imperial governance as part of the province of Achaea.

Election
The ephorate elections took place close to the Autumn equinox, because the term of the ephors matched the Spartan year, which started with the first full Moon after the equinox, therefore the end of September or October.

There was probably an age requirement of at least 30 years old to be elected ephor, the age from which a Spartan citizen was no longer considered eromenos.

The Spartan constitution is principally known through the work of Aristotle, who describes in detail the elections of the gerontes (the members of the Gerousia), but not the ephors. It is still assumed that the election procedure was similar. Candidates passed one by one before the assembled citizens, who shouted according to their preference, while several assessors who were confined into a windowless building declared winners the five candidates with the loudest shouts. As with the gerontes, this system of voice voting was considered "childish" by Aristotle, because influential men could easily manipulate the results by pressurising the jury.

The kings played a prominent role during election campaigns by favouring their candidates, even though only one instance of such practice is known, when in 243/2 Lysander was elected ephor with the help of the king Agis IV. The fact that influential kings such as Cleomenes I or Agesilaus II had no reported conflict with the ephors support the view that they could decide who would be the ephors. Some ephors were elected thanks to a famous deed that made them known among voters. For example, Leon, ephor in 419/8, had won the quadriga race at the Olympic Games in 440, while his son Antalkidas had concluded a treaty with Persia in 387 before becoming ephor in 370/69. The famous general Brasidas was elected in 431 just after his victory against Athens at Methone.

Eponymous ephor
One of the ephors was eponymous, i.e. he gave his name to the year, like the eponymous archon in Athens. He was probably designated during the elections as the candidate with the loudest shouts overall. The eponymous ephor did not have any additional power compared to his colleagues; it was only a prestigious position. In 413/2, the ordinary ephor Endios is thus described by Thucydides as wielding a lot of influence within the college, even though the eponymous was Onomantios.

As the eponymous ephors were used as dates, a list compiling their names existed in Sparta, and is mentioned by Polybius. This list was perhaps published by Apollodoros and Sosicrates, whose lost works were used by Diogenes Laertius. The list went at least as far as 556 (the year of Chilon's ephorate) and possibly up to 754 (during the reign of Theopompos as ancient authors believed). However, Diogenes lived in the 3rd century AD, and even his sources dated from the Hellenistic era, long after the events.

Legal power

The ephors held numerous duties in legislative, judicial, financial, and executive matters. Following Lycurgus's "Asteropus" in 620 BCE (increase in the power of the ephorate), the ephors became the ambassadors of Sparta. They handled all matters associated with foreign relations, including the creation of treaties with foreign powers and meeting with emissaries to discuss foreign politics. They held power within Sparta by also acting as the Presidents of the assembly and the justices of the supreme civil court as well as controlling army composition. The ephors needed a majority vote to make decisions binding and minority or dissenting decisions were not accepted by the assembly.

According to Plutarch, every autumn at the crypteia, the ephors would pro forma declare war on the helot population so that any Spartan citizen could kill a helot without fear of blood guilt. This was done to keep the large helot population in check. Plutarch also stated that every eight years the ephors would watch the skies on a moonless night. If shooting stars occurred, it was up to the ephors to decide whether one or both of the kings had transgressed in his dealings with the gods. A transgression could include any behavior that dishonored the Greek pantheon. Unless the oracle from Delphi or Olympia stated otherwise, the ephors had the ability to depose the offending king or kings. Plutarch also stated that the ephors tried cases involving contracts among citizens. He further reported that each ephor specialized in a different type of disputed contract.

According to Pausanias, the ephors served with the Gerousia on the Supreme criminal court of Sparta. This included presiding over treason, homicide, and other offenses that carried serious punishments. These punishments included exile, death, and disfranchisement.

Ephors had the authority to summon and preside over the assembly's regular meetings in the fifth century BCE. Initially this power was only assigned to kings in early years. However, with the passing of the Great Rhetra regular meetings became mandated. By the late sixth century BCE, the ephors had acquired this authority to oversee the assembly and could use this power against the kings of Sparta. For example, they used this authority to force King Anaxandridas II to change his conjugal arrangements to their advantage. King Anaxandridas' wife was barren but he refused to divorce her so the ephors forced him to marry a second wife to provide heirs.

Two ephors were always sent on military expeditions to ensure the king acted in line, and if not, could put the king on trial. Many kings were put on trial by the ephors, including Leotychidas, who was found to have accepted a bribe from the Thessalians during his military expedition to Thessaly.

The ephors, along with the Gerousia, held the majority of the power within the Spartan government, as the two kings had to consult either with the ephors or the Gerousia in almost any official matter. The ephors also held power over the Helots and the Perioeci. They controlled the Crypteia, the secret police who repressed the Helots, and they were even able to sentence Perioeci to death without a trial.

Other duties
The congress of the Peloponnesian League was always chaired by an ephor.

The ephors also had the authority to choose three hippagretai (Commanders of the Guard) every year from men over the age of thirty. The chosen hippagretes would then choose three hundred of the best hebontes to form a hippeis. The ephors also were responsible for penalizing disobedience in the military using fines.

Ephors could also intervene in cases of "disturbing the peace." This included punishing underage Spartans indirectly for their offenses against Sparta. This form of retribution would include penalizing the boys' erastes (adult lovers). When men between the ages of twenty and thirty (known as hebontes) committed offenses they were brought before the paidonomos, a magistrate charged with supervising the education of the youth in the agoge. Through this system the ephors could directly penalize the hebontes by giving them large fines.

The ephors paid close attention to the education of young Spartans, and played a significant role in ensuring the education was up to standard. According to Aelian, they would examine the naked bodies of the boys every ten days to ensure they were of proper complexion and fitness and not being overfed, as well as examining the boys' clothes daily to ensure that they fit.

The ephors had their own syssitia, the common meal of Spartan citizens.

Notable ephors

Only 67 ephors are known by name before the end of the third century BCE, out of potentially 3000.

 Endius: Scion of wealthy family, son of Alcibiades (served in 413/2 BCE).

 Brasidas: Came from higher class family (served in 431/0 BC).
 Leon: Became an ephor at an older age and was the founder of a Spartan colony and Olympic victor (served in 419/8 BCE).
 Antalcidas: Known for being the negotiator of peace treaty, named after him (served in 387/6 BCE).
 Sthenelaidas: Known for causing physical division in the voting process by making voters stand in separate spaces to represent yes or no votes. This eliminated the secrecy of the voting process. (served in 432 BCE).
 Cleandridas: Known for abandoning the invasion of Athens and returning to Peloponnese in 446 BCE. He went voluntarily into exile, with the Spartans condemning him to death in absentia.
 Lysander: Was sent as an ambassador to King Agesilaus II on multiple campaigns but suffered a dispute with King Agesilaus over the locals' loyalty to him. Lysander returned home upon the end of term as ephor (served in 243 BCE).
 Nausikleidas: Accompanied and supported King Pausanias on expedition (served in 403 BCE).
 Epitadeus: Introduced legislation that destroyed the equal distribution of land that Lukourgos made in the fourth century BCE.
 Chilon: Served in 556/5 BCE.
 Agesilaos: Named eponymous ephor by his nephew Agis IV and was charged with implementing a new bill which included debt-cancellation and land-redistribution.

Other Greek poleis with ephors

 Euesperides (Benghazi, Libya): The city was a colony of Cyrene and adopted its institutions as a result. It therefore counted ephors and a gerousia.
 Herakleia (Lucania, Italy): The eponymous magistrate of the city was an ephor, because it reproduced the institutions of its mother-city, Taras.
 Cyrene (Libya): Cyrene had a gerousia and a board of five ephors from an early date. It was a foundation of Thera.
 Messene (Peloponnese): Messene took its independence from Sparta in 370/69, but retained some of its institutions, such as the ephors, who are mentioned c.295.
 Taras (Taranto, Italy): The ephorate is attested in the 3rd century, but considering that its colony Herakleia also had ephors, Taras probably had ephors since the Archaic Era. The office was eponymous in the 3rd century.
 Thera (Santorini Island): A board of three ephors were eponymous magistrates in the city.

Ephors in modern culture
The concept of an ephorate continues to be used by some contemporary organizations which require a monarchical element within a democratic framework. One such organization is the Ephorate of the Rascals, Rogues, and Rapscallions, an American fraternal research society.

The Hellenic Republic Ministry of Culture and Sports contains several regional ephorates that carry out the administration of archaeological investigations in their respective regions

The Neapolitan Republic's constitution of 1799, written by Francesco Mario Pagano, envisaged what would now be described as a constitutional court, the eforato, but the republic lasted only six months.

Zack Snyder's 2007 film adaptation of the Battle of Thermoplyae, 300, depicts ephors as priestly class that exercise power by interpreting the words of the Oracle. In the film they are dramatized as elderly lepers with pale skin and lesions. At the beginning of the movie, Leonidas is shown visiting the ephors and proposing a war strategy to them. The ephors then consult the Oracle and refuse Leonidas' plan, showing that they have been bribed by Xerxes I. King Leonidas thus leads his 300 'bodyguards' to Thermoplyae without their approval.

Rudolph Maté's 1962 film The 300 Spartans also depicts the ephorate's role in the Battle of Thermopylae. They are shown conflicting with King Leotychidas over the decision to delay the battle until after the religious harvest festival of Carneia. The ephors decide to delay the battle but under the guise of having private bodyguards, King Leonidas marches into battle with 300 Spartans. The ephors are mentioned later in the film when Leonidas receives a letter from his wife informing him that the ephors have the remainder of the Spartan army will not be joining him. Xenathon is an named ephor in the film.

Ephors have appeared in Steven Pressfield's 1998 Gates of Fire, an historical fiction novel that recounts the Battle of Thermopylae. In Chapter 15, the ephors appear when a delegation of mothers and wives goes to the council, requesting they be allowed to join the battle.

In Kieron Gillen's graphic novel Three, ephors are referenced when Gillen describes the Krypteia and writes "Once a year, the masters declare war on the helots." The ephors were in charge of the Krypteia and declaring war on the helots in order to keep them terrified and controlled. The next scene depicts the ephor, Eurytos, being guided by his soldiers to a helot community where they demand hospitality. Eurytos is killed by a helot revolt and the only surviving soldier returns to Sparta to inform the remaining four ephors. The ephors send soldiers to kill the helots who killed Eurytos stating, "The only thing more unthinkable than a helot killing an ephor is that helot escaping punishment."

References

Bibliography

Ancient sources

 Aristotle, Politics.
 Cicero, De re publica, De Legibus.
 Isocrates, Panathenaicus.
 Plato, Epistles.
 Plutarch, Parallel Lives (Cleomenes, Lycurgus), Moralia.
 Xenophon, Constitution of the Lacedaemonians.

Modern sources

 Paul Cartledge, Sparta and Lakonia, A Regional History 1300–362 BC, London, Routledge, 2002 (originally published in 1979).
 G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, The Origins of the Peloponnesian War, London, Duckworth, 1972.
 Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen, An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, Oxford University Press, 2004.
 G. L. Huxley, Early Sparta, London, Faber & Faber, 1962.
 Anton Powell (editor), A Companion to Sparta, Hoboken, Wiley, 2018.

2nd-century disestablishments in the Roman Empire
Ancient Greek titles
Government of Sparta
Autumn equinox
Hadrian

Ephor


عبد الرحمن خالد صالح غنيم الغنيم (1938 - 17 أغسطس 2022)، نائب سابق في مجلس الأمة الكويتي، ووزير كويتي سابق ووالده هو رئيس مجلس الأمة الكويتي السابق  خالد الغنيم.

السيرة البرلمانية والعلمية
شارك في انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1981 في الدائرة الثانية، وحصل على المركز الرابع برصيد 264 صوت وخسر الانتخابات، وشارك في انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1985 في الدائرة الثانية، وحصل على المركز الأول برصيد 611 صوت وأصبح عضواً في مجلس الأمة. عين وزيراً للدولة لشؤون البلدية في عام 1986، وعين وزيراً للمواصلات في 28 مايو 2008 في الحكومة الخامسة والعشرون.

وهو يحمل شهادة بكالوريوس في الهندسة الكهربائية من (كلية سان جوزيه) في كاليفورنيا بالولايات المتحدة عام 1962. وتدرج في الوظائف في وزارة المواصلات على النحو التالي من مهندس هاتف في وزارة البريد والبرق والهاتف 1962 إلى نائب رئيس المهندسين في وزارة البريد والبرق والهاتف عام 1964 ثم وكيل وزارة مساعد للشؤون الفنية 1964، ثم أصبح وكيل وزارة المواصلات بعام 1969.

مراجع

أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1985
مواليد 1360 هـ
مواليد 1938
وزراء بلدية كويتيون
وزراء مواصلات كويتيون
وفيات 1444 هـ
وفيات 2022

عبد الرحمن الغنيم


Bombus borealis er tegund af humlum, ættuð frá norðurhluta N-Ameríku.

Tilvísanir

Hunangsflugur

Bombus borealis


Borivoj Jakšić (Karlovac, 1. siječnja 1925.. ) je hrvatski fizičar

Životopis
Rodio se u Karlovcu. Gimnaziju je pohađao u Karlovcu i Sarajevu, gdje je maturirao 1943. godine. Studirao na Tehničkom fakultetu u Zagrebu na kojem je diplomirao elektrotehniku 1948. godine. Studirao je i na Prirodoslovno-matematičkom fakultetu u Zagrebu, na kojem se zaposlio 1949. godine, diplomirao 1950. te doktorirao 1955. godine tezom Izborna pravila za raspade na sistem čestica sa cjelobrojnim spinom prouzrokovana zakonom o sačuvanju momenta impulsa i parnosti. Od 1961. godine voditeljem je Odjela teorijske fizike u Institutu Ruđer bošković do 1964. godine. Redoviti profesor na PMF-u od 1966., a 1967. je prestao raditi na PMF-u. Usavršavao se u Manchesteru, CERN-u, Torinu i Princetonu. 1967. je otišao iz domovine zbog nezadovoljstva znanstvenom politikom u Jugoslaviji. Nakon Princetona (Institute for Advanced Study, 1966. – 1968.) vratio se u CERN 1968. – 69., pa je opet u SAD na Massachusetts Institute of Technology do 1974., kad se zapošljava u privatnoj industriji.
Kao član teorijske grupe 1960-ih godina je došao na CERN (radio na modelu Regge).

Znanstveno se zanimao za relativističku kvantnu mehaniku i teoriju polja. Istraživao je skupa s Vladimirom Jurkom Glaserom teoriju elektromagnetske strukture čestica s proizvoljnim spinom. Riješio je jednadžbu vodljivosti za trodimenzijsku kristalnu rešetku  kovina. Istraživao je električnu vodljivost pri niskim temperaturama. Radio je na izbornim pravilima za raspad mezona s obzirom na spin,  bavio se i primjenom računala na kompleksne sustave te svojstvima S-matrice u ravnini kompleksnoga angularnoga momenta.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Hrvatska znanstvena bibliografija
Metelgrad
MathSciNet
Mathematics Genealogy Project

Životopisi, Karlovac
Životopisi, Zagreb
Hrvatski fizičari

Borivoj Jakšić


Festival bunjevački' pisama 2009. bio je deveto izdanje tog festivala.

Festival se održao 25. rujna 2009. po prvi puta u subotičkoj Dvorani sportova. Glazbenu pratnju je činio Festivalski tamburaški orkestar kojim će ravnati prof. Mire Temunović. Izvelo se 15 pjesama u tradicionalnom duhu koje je izvelo 17 izvođača, među njima i debitanata.
Kao uvod festivalu je 24. rujna bila V. Smotra dječjih pjevača i zborova na kojoj su sudjelovala djeca od 7 do 15 godina iz Subotice i okolnih naselja. Održala će se u svečanoj dvorani Hrvatskog kulturnog centra «Bunjevačko kolo». Dan prije se za tu djecu održala svečana misa u Katedrali sv. Terezije Avilske. Smotra je imala 16 točaka. Glazbeno ih je pratio Dječji festivalski orkestar kojim je ravnala prof. Mira Temunović.

Postojao je žiri za najbolji tekst i stručni žiri.

Suci za najbolji tekst (do sada neobjavljen): Katarina Čeliković, Milovan Miković, Tomislav Žigmanov, Ivana Petrekanić Sič i Ljiljana Dulić.
Stručni žiri su činili: Marijana Crnković, Stipan Jaramazović (voditelj subotičkog tamburaškog orkestra), Nataša Kostadinović i Milan Pridraški.
Voditelji programa su bili Marijana Tikvicki i Vladimir Lišić.
Izvođače je pratio posebno za ovaj festival formirani Festivalski orkestar, čiji sastav su činili učenici subotičke Muzičke škole te nekoliko tamburaša iz okolnih mjesta i manjih tamburaških sastava. Orkestrom je upravljala prof. Mira Temunović.
Gost na festivalskoj večeri je bio zagrebački sastav "Paganini band", kojeg je vodio subotički violinist Emil Gabrić.

Po ocjeni strukovnih sudaca, pobijedila je pjesma: "Sjećaš li se" (glazba: Filip Čeliković, stihovi: Mirjana Jaramazović, aranžman: Nela Skenderović i Filip Čeliković), a izvela ju je Marija Jaramazović, a glasom i klavirski ju je pratio Filip Čeliković.

Druga nagrada: "Zbogom curice", autora Josipa Franciškovića. Izveo ju je "Ravnica".
Treća nagrada: "Subotici" (glazba i stihovi: Marjan Kiš, aranžman: Vojislav Temunović). Izvođač: Marjan Kiš uz pratnju (vidi dolje).

Po ocjeni izboru nazočnih gledatelja, gledatelja Televizije K23 te slušatelja Radio Subotice (glasovanje SMS-om i telefonom), najbolja je bila pjesma je pjesma "Subotici" (glazba i stihovi: Marjan Kiš, aranžman: Vojislav Temunović). Pjesmu je izveo Gabrijel Lukač, a vokalno su ga pratile Ágnes Töth, Noémi Tóth i Jelena Bašić Palković, a instrumentalnu pratnju su činile Maja i Martin Nimčević na violinama te na violončelu Katarina Evetović.

Nagrada za najbolji do sada neobjavljeni tekst: Marjan Kiš za pjesmu "Subotici".

Nagrada stručnog žirija za najbolju interpretaciju: Antonija Piuković za izvedbu pjesme "Kaštelj" (glazba, stihovi i aranmžan: Nela Skenderović).

Nagrada za najboljeg debitanta: Anita Daraboš, koja je izvela pjesmu "Sanjam te" (glazba i aranžman: Marinko Rudić Vranić, stihovi: Anita Daraboš).

Na ovom festivalu se prvi put dodijelila bisernica. Dobila ju je Martina Dulić, a darovatelj je bio Dubravko Kopilović iz Vinkovaca.

Izvori
Radio Subotica
Hrvatska riječ Sjećaš li se, 2. listopada 2009.
Zavod za kulturu vojv. Hrvata  "Sjećaš li se" pobjednička pjesma IX. Festivala bunjevački pisama

2009.

Festival bunjevački’ pisama 2009.


Naim Süleymanoğlu (Bulgaristan'da değiştirilen adı: Naum Şalamanov; 23 Ocak 1967, Kırcaali - 18 Kasım 2017, İstanbul), Türk haltercidir. Birçok otoriteye göre tüm zamanların en iyi haltercisi olarak kabul edilir. Yapıca ufak tefek ancak çok güçlü olması nedeniyle Cep Herkül'ü olarak anılan Naim Süleymanoğlu, Türk Süpermen adıyla da anılır.

Halter kariyeri
Haltere 1977'de, on yaşındayken başladı. On beş yaşındayken Brezilya'da düzenlenen Dünya Gençler Halter Şampiyonası'nda iki altın madalya alarak şampiyon oldu. On altı yaşında rekor kırarak yine şampiyon oldu. Böylece halter tarihinde en genç dünya rekortmeni unvanını aldı. Kariyeri boyunca üç altın olimpiyat madalyası, yedi dünya şampiyonluğu ve altı Avrupa şampiyonluğu vardır. Tam 46 kere dünya rekoru kırmıştır. 1984 yılında (16 yaşındayken), silkme kategorisinde vücut ağırlığının üç katını kaldıran ikinci halterci olarak tarihe geçti.

1983-1986 arasında gençlerde 13, büyüklerde 50 olmak üzere tam 63 rekor kırarken yine bu dönemde dünya ve Avrupa şampiyonalarında 52, 56 ve 60 kilolarda şampiyonluklar yaşadı. 1984, 1985 ve 1986'da dünyada yılın haltercisi seçildi. 1984 Los Angeles Olimpiyatları'na Bulgaristan'ın da Sovyetlerle boykotta yer alması nedeniyle katılamadı. Bu dönemde Bulgar Hükûmetinin Soya Dönüş Operasyonu kapsamında Türk isimlerini yasaklaması nedeniyle adı Naum Şalamanov olarak değiştirildi.

Bulgaristan'daki bu baskılardan kurtulmak ve Türkiye adına müsabakalara katılmak için 1986'da Melbourne'de düzenlenen Dünya Halter Şampiyonası'nda Türkiye büyükelçiliğine sığınarak Türkiye'ye iltica etti. Türkiye'ye ilticasında ve getirilmesinde bizzat Turgut Özal devreye girdi.

Naim Süleymanoğlu 18 Kasım 2017 günü tedavi gördüğü hastanede 50 yaşında öldü.

Olimpiyat Oyunları

1988 Seul
1988 Seul Olimpiyatları'na Türkiye adına katılabilmesi için Türk Hükûmetince Bulgaristan'a 1 milyon 250 bin dolar ödenerek gerekli izin alındı. Bu olimpiyatlarda Süleymanoğlu 60 kg koparmada sırasıyla 145, 150,5 ve 152,5 kg; silkmede 175, 188,5 ve 190 kg; toplamda da 320, 339 ve 342,5 kg kaldırdı ve altı dünya, dokuz olimpiyat rekoru kırarak muhteşem bir zafer elde etti ve böylece Türkiye'ye olimpiyatlar tarihinde güreş dışında ilk altın madalya kazandıran sporcu oldu. Silkmede kaldırdığı kendi ağırlığının üç katından 10 kilogram fazla olan 190 kg ile dünyada bunu başaran tek kişi olarak tarihe adını yazdırdı. Dünya üzerinde bu başarıyı tekrarlayan başka bir halterci hâlen çıkmamıştır.

1992 Barselona
1992 Barselona Olimpiyatları'nda rakiplerine karşı ezici bir üstünlük sağladı ve altın madalyayı çok rahat kazandı. Aynı yıl Uluslararası Halter Basın Komisyonu tarafından "Dünyanın En İyi Sporcusu" seçildi.

1996 Atlanta
1996 Atlanta Olimpiyatları'nda 64 kiloda 4 dünya rekoru kırarak 3. kez olimpiyatlarda madalya kazanarak tarihe geçti.

2000 Sidney
2000 Sidney Olimpiyatları'nda artık 33 yaşında olması ve sakatlığı nedeniyle 3 kaldırışta sıfır çekerek başarı gösteremedi.

Dünya Halter Şampiyonası

1993 Melbourne
1993 Dünya Şampiyonası'nda 3 altın madalya kazanırken 2 kez de dünya rekoru kırdı.

1994 İstanbul
İstanbul'da yapılan Dünya Halter Şampiyonası'nda ilk kez Türk seyircisi önüne çıktı. Sakat olmasına rağmen 3 dünya rekoru kırarak üç altın madalya kazandı.

1995 Avrupa Halter Şampiyonası'nda yine sakat olmasına rağmen 1 altın, 2 gümüş kazanarak Türkiye'nin takım hâlinde birinci olmasında önemli katkı sağladı.

1995 Guangzhou
Çin'de yapılan dünya şampiyonasında sakatlığı devam ediyordu ve 3 altın madalya kazandı.

Avrupa Halter Şampiyonası

1988 Cardiff
1988'de Avrupa Halter Şampiyonası'na Türkiye adına katıldı ve üç altın madalya kazandı.

1994 Varşova
1994'te Polonya'da yapılan Avrupa Halter Şampiyonası'nda sadece üç kaldırış yaparak üç dünya rekoru kırdı.

Naim Süleymanoğlu, Uluslararası Halter Federasyonu'nun Aralık 2000'de Atina'da toplanan kongresinde asbaşkanlığa seçildi.

Madalyalar

Başarıları
 İlk dünya rekorunu kırdığında sadece on beş yaşındaydı.
 1984, 1985 ve 1986 yıllarında dünyada "Yılın Haltercisi" seçildi.
 1988 Seul, 1992 Barcelona ve 1996 Atlanta Olimpiyatları olmak üzere üç kez olimpiyat şampiyonu oldu.
 Yedi kez dünya şampiyonu oldu, kırk altı dünya rekoru kırdı.
 Kendi kilosunun üç katından 10 kilo fazlasını kaldıran tek sporcu olarak tarihe geçti.
 Spor otoritelerine göre tüm zamanların en iyi haltercisi seçildi.
 1988 yılında Time dergisine kapak oldu.
 1988 Seul Olimpiyatları'nda 60 kg'da, silkmede 190 kg kaldırarak dünya rekoru kırdı.
 1988 yılında Seul Olimpiyatları'nda altı dünya, dokuz olimpiyat rekoru kırarak büyük bir zafer kazanmıştır.
 Türkiye'ye olimpiyatlarda güreş dışında ilk altın madalyasını kazandıran sporcudur.
 1992 yılında Uluslararası Halter Basın Komisyonu tarafından "Dünyanın En İyi Sporcusu" seçildi.

Siyasi kariyeri
Naim Süleymanoğlu; 2004 yerel seçimlerinde MHP'den Büyükçekmece'nin Kıraç Belediyesi Başkanı adayı, İstanbul'da 2007 Türkiye genel seçimlerinde yine MHP'den milletvekili adayı olmuştur ancak ikisinde de seçilememiştir.

Özel yaşamı
23 Ocak 1967'de Bulgaristan'da dünyaya gelen Naim Süleymanoğlu, haltere 1977'de başladı. 15 yaşında iken Brezilya'da düzenlenen Dünya Gençler Halter Şampiyonası'nda 52 kiloda iki altın madalya alarak şampiyon oldu. On altı yaşında rekor kırarak yine şampiyon oldu. Böylece "halter tarihinde en genç dünya rekortmeni" unvanını aldı.

1983 yılında Viyana'da yapılan turnuvada, 56 kiloda dünya rekorlarını sırasıyla koparmada 130,5, silkmede 165 ve toplamda da 295 kilo olarak kırdı. Daha sonra bu rekorlarını yine kendisi kırdı. 1986 yılında dünya şampiyonasında 60 kilo kategorisinden katıldı ve toplamdaki rekorunu 335 kiloya çıkararak dünya şampiyonu oldu. 1988 Seul Olimpiyatları'nda ise yine 60 kilo kategorisinde muhteşem rekorlar kırdı (toplam 342,5 kg). Naim Süleymanoğlu'nun Seul'daki muhteşem başarısı ile Türkiye'ye olimpiyatlarda güreş dışında ilk altın madalya kazandıran sporcu oldu.

1984, 1985 ve 1986'da dünyada, yılın haltercisi seçildi. 1984 Los Angeles Olimpiyatları'na, Bulgaristan'ın da Sovyetler Birliği'nin yanında boykota katılması nedeniyle katılamayan Süleymanoğlu, ülkesindeki baskılardan kurtulmak için 1986 senesinde Melbourne, Avustralya'da düzenlenen Dünya Halter Şampiyonası'nda bir süre ortadan kaybolan ve daha sonra 11 Aralık'ta ortaya çıktığında, Türk büyükelçiliğine sığınarak Türkiye'de yaşama ve Türk millî takımı adına karşılaşmalara çıkma talebinde bulunan sporcu, talebinin kabul edilmesinin ardından, Naim Süleymanoğlu adını aldı.

1992 Barcelona Olimpiyatları'nda, rakiplerine karşı ezici üstünlük sağlayarak yurda altın madalyayla dönen Naim Süleymanoğlu, yine o sene Uluslararası Halter Basın Komisyonu tarafından "Dünyanın En İyi Sporcusu" seçildi. 1993 Dünya Şampiyonası'nda üç altın madalya kazanmasının yanı sıra iki de dünya rekoru kıran halterci, 1994'te Bulgaristan'da yapılan Avrupa Halter Şampiyonası'nda da sadece üç kaldırış yaparak üç dünya rekoru kırdı.

Çin'de yapılan dünya şampiyonasında sakatlığı devam ediyordu ve üç altın madalya kazandı. Naim Süleymanoğlu, Uluslararası Halter Federasyonunun Aralık 2000'de Atina'da toplanan kongresinde asbaşkanlığa seçildi.

Ölümü

Siroza bağlı karaciğer yetmezliğinden dolayı tedavi gören Süleymanoğlu'na 6 Ekim 2017'de ameliyatla karaciğer nakli yapıldı. Nakil sonrası beyin kanamasına bağlı ödem nedeniyle beyin ameliyatına alınan Süleymanoğlu'nun hayati tehlikesinin devam ettiği açıklandı. O günden itibaren yoğun bakım ünitesinde tedavi gören Naim Süleymanoğlu 18 Kasım 2017 tarihinde 50 yaşında ölmüş, cenazesi 19 Kasım 2017 Pazar günü Fatih Camii'nden kaldırılarak Edirnekapı Şehitliği'nde defnedilmiştir.

Süleymanoğlu'nun vefatından sonra Japonya'dan gelen Sekai Mori isimli Japon bir kız, Süleymanoğlu'nun kızı olduğunu iddia ederek genetik davası açtı. Mahkeme kararıyla 4 Temmuz 2018'de Süleymanoğlu'nun mezarı açıldı ve DNA testi yapılabilmesi için örnek alındı. Yapılan DNA testi sonucu, Sekai Mori'nin Süleymanoğlu'nun kızı olduğu sonucuna varıldı. Sekai Mori'nin, Süleymanoğlu'nun halter müsabakaları için gittiği Japonya'da ilişkiye girdiği Japon bir kadından olduğu ortaya çıktı.

Anısına
25 Ekim 2019 tarihinde gösterime giren Cep Herkülü: Naim Süleymanoğlu sinema filminde hayatı anlatıldı. Filmde Naim Süleymanoğlu'nu Hayat Van Eck canlandırdı. Gösterime girdikten on ay sonra internet film portali Netflix'te de yayımlandı.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Türkiye Halter Federasyonu Resmi Sitesi - Naim SÜLEYMANOĞLU Profili
 Profile IWRP

1967 doğumlular
Kırcaali doğumlular
2017 yılında ölenler
İstanbul'da ölenler
Bulgaristan Türkleri
Bulgar erkek halterciler
Türkiye'deki Bulgar göçmenler
Türkiye vatandaşlığına kabul edilenler
Türk erkek halterciler
Türk Olimpiyat haltercileri
1988 Yaz Olimpiyatları haltercileri
1992 Yaz Olimpiyatları haltercileri
1996 Yaz Olimpiyatları haltercileri
2000 Yaz Olimpiyatları haltercileri
Altın Olimpiyat madalyalı Türk sporcular
Olimpiyat madalyalı halterciler
1988 Yaz Olimpiyatları'nda madalya kazananlar
1992 Yaz Olimpiyatları'nda madalya kazananlar
1996 Yaz Olimpiyatları'nda madalya kazananlar
Dünya Halter Şampiyonası madalyalı halterciler
Avrupa Halter Şampiyonası madalyalı halterciler
Türk Akdeniz Oyunları haltercileri
1991 Akdeniz Oyunları haltercileri
Altın Akdeniz Oyunları madalyalı Türk sporcular
Akdeniz Oyunları madalyalı halterciler
Halterde eski dünya rekoru sahipleri
Sedat Simavi Ödülü sahipleri
21. yüzyıl Türk siyasetçileri
Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi mensubu siyasetçiler
Organ nakli yapılmış kişiler
Edirnekapı Şehitliği'ne defnedilenler

Naim Süleymanoğlu


El Campo de Deportes Jorge Newbery, conocido popularmente como La Quemita, se encuentra ubicado en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Es un complejo polideportivo y recreativo que pertenece al Club Atlético Huracán, donde, entre otras actividades, el primer equipo del club realiza parte de sus entrenamientos.

Historia

El comienzo del emplazamiento del campo deportivo data de los años '80, cuando el Honorable Concejo Deliberante de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, le concedió al Club Atlético Huracán en forma gratuita y con carácter precario, el uso de un terreno municipal situado entre las calles Lacarra, Balbastro y Castañares, que ocupaban una superficie de aproximadamente 6 hectáreas, que luego se extendieron hasta un total de 14 hectáreas.

Instalaciones

El predio de deportes Jorge Newbery cuenta con 8 canchas de fútbol, (11) 3 de ellas iluminadas, 3 de fútbol (5) sintético iluminadas, y una de fútbol para ciegos. En las cuales entrenan el primer equipo y las divisiones inferiores, que también juegan sus partidos de local allí. Entre otras instalaciones, se encuentran: una cancha de hockey de césped sintético iluminada, 1 gimnasio para complementos, 1 gimnasio de spinning, 2 canchas de tenis de cemento, cancha de vóley, 2 piletas de natación, mesas, parrillas, quinchos y un amplio estacionamiento para 350 vehículos y 10 micros.

Datos

El campo de deportes Jorge Newbery está ubicado en Mariano Acosta 1981, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y se encuentra abierto todos los días de la semana a partir de las 9 h. Los socios ingresan sin cargo (presentando su carnet al día).

Referencias

Club Atlético Huracán

Campo de Deportes Jorge Newbery


في ألمانيا، الرمز البريدي (Postleitzahl بالألمانية و) رقم خماسي تقرره مؤسسة البريد الألمانية ويستخدم منذ 1 يوليو 1993. وإلى جانب الرموز البريدية لمناطق التوزيع الجغرافي ، هناك رموز بريدية للزبائن الكبار ولصناديق البريد.

بدأ استخدام الرموز البريدية في ألمانيا سنة 1941 في الرايخ الألماني واستعمل رقم ثنائي في البداية. كان الغرض من هذه الفكرة، مساعدة فارزي البريد عديمي الخبرة الذين أوكلوا بالمهمة بسبب اندلاع الحرب. رموز البريد هذه استبدلت سنة 1962 ، في الجمهورية الاتحادية، وعام 1965 في جمهورية ألمانيا الديمقراطية من قبل نظامين مستقلين مكونين من أرقام رباعية. ثم استعيض عنها عام 1993 بالنظام الخماسي الحالي.

الاتصالات في ألمانيا
رموز بريدية حسب البلد

رموز بريد ألمانيا