Bohemond III of Antioch, also known as Bohemond the Child or the Stammerer (; 1148–1201), was Prince of Antioch from 1163 to 1201. He was the elder son of Constance of Antioch and her first husband, Raymond of Poitiers. Bohemond ascended to the throne after the Antiochene noblemen dethroned his mother with the assistance of the lord of Armenian Cilicia, Thoros II. He fell into captivity in the Battle of Harim in 1164, but the victorious Nur ad-Din, atabeg of Aleppo released him to avoid coming into conflict with the Byzantine Empire. Bohemond went to Constantinople to pay homage to Manuel I Komnenos, who persuaded him to install a Greek Orthodox patriarch in Antioch. The Latin patriarch of Antioch, Aimery of Limoges, placed Antioch under interdict. Bohemond restored Aimery only after the Greek patriarch died during an earthquake in 1170.

Bohemond remained a close ally of the Byzantine Empire. He fought against the new lord of Armenian Cilicia, Mleh, assisting in the restoration of Byzantine rule in the Cilician plain. He also made alliances with the Muslim rulers of Aleppo and Damascus against Saladin, who had begun to unite the Muslim countries along the borders of the crusader states. Since Bohemond repudiated his second wife and married an Antiochene lady, Patriarch Aimery excommunicated him in 1180.

Bohemond forced the Armenian rulers of Cilicia to accept his suzerainty in the late 1180s. He also secured the County of Tripoli for his second son, Bohemond, in 1187. However, Saladin occupied almost the whole Principality of Antioch in the summer of 1188. To preserve the peace with Saladin, Bohemond did not provide military assistance to the crusaders during the Third Crusade.  The expansionist policy of King Leo I of Armenia in the 1190s gave rise to a lasting conflict between Antioch and Cilicia. Bohemond was captured in 1194 by Leo, who tried to seize Antioch, but the burghers formed the Commune of Antioch and expelled the Armenian soldiers from the town. Bohemond was released only after he acknowledged Leo's independence.

New conflicts emerged after Bohemond's eldest son, Raymond, died in 1197. Raymond's widow, who was Leo's niece, gave birth to a posthumous son, Raymond-Roupen, but Bohemond's younger son, Bohemond of Tripoli, wanted to secure his succession in Antioch with the assistance of the commune. The elderly Bohemond seems to have supported his son during his last years. The War of the Antiochene Succession began with Bohemond's death and lasted until 1219.

Early life

Bohemond was the elder son of Princess Constance of Antioch and her first husband, Raymond of Poitiers. He was born around 1148. Prince Raymond died fighting against Nur ad-Din, atabeg of Aleppo, in the Battle of Inab on 29June 1149.

Neither Baldwin III of Jerusalem nor the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos could persuade the widowed Constance to take a new husband. Finally, she chose Raynald of Châtillon, a French knight who had recently settled in Syria. Raynald ruled the principality as Constance's husband from 1153 until he was captured by Majd al-Din, governor of Aleppo, in late November 1160 or 1161.

Urged by the Antiochene noblemen, Baldwin III proclaimed Bohemond the rightful ruler, charging Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch, with the administration of the principality during Bohemond's minority. However, Constance appealed to Manuel Komnenos, who confirmed her position as the sole ruler of Antioch. Constance wanted to retain power even after Bohemond reached the age of majority. However, the Antiochene noblemen rebelled against her with the assistance of Thoros II, Lord of Armenian Cilicia, forcing her to leave Antioch in February 1163.

Prince of Antioch

First years

Bohemond was installed as prince after his mother was dethroned. Nur ad-Din laid siege to Krak des Chevaliers in the County of Tripoli in September 1163. Raymond III of Tripoli appealed to Bohemond for assistance. Bohemond and Constantine Kalamanos, Byzantine governor of Cilicia, hurried to the castle. The united Christian armies defeated the besiegers in the Battle of al-Buqaia.

Amalric of Jerusalem entrusted the government of the Kingdom of Jerusalem to Bohemond before departing for his campaign against Egypt in July 1164. Taking advantage of Bohemond's absence, Nur ad-Din attacked the fortress at Harenc in the Principality of Antioch (present-day Harem, Syria). Bohemond, RaymondIII of Tripoli, ThorosII of Armenian Cilicia, and Constantine Kalamanos joined their forces and marched to Harenc, compelling Nur ad-Din to retreat.

Reynald of Saint-Valery, Lord of Harenc, tried to convince Bohemond not to pursue the enemy, but Bohemond did not follow his advice. The armies clashed at the battle of Harim on 10August 1164. Nur ad-Din almost annihilated the Christian army. Most Christian commanders (including Bohemond) were captured. Two days later, Harenc fell to Nur ad-Din. Nur ad-Din took his prisoners to Aleppo. His advisors urged Nur ad-Din to proceed to Antioch, but he declined, fearing that an attack on Antioch could provoke Emperor Manuel into annexing the principality. Amalric of Jerusalem hurried to Antioch to start negotiations with Nur ad-Din. Before long, Nur ad-Din released Bohemond, along with Thoros II of Cilicia, for a ransom because he regarded them as vassals of the Byzantine emperor.

Byzantine alliance

Soon after his release, Bohemond visited Emperor Manuel in Constantinople and paid homage to him. In return for monetary aid, Bohemond agreed to allow Athanasius, the Eastern Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, to accompany him back to Antioch. The Latin Patriarch, Aimery, left Antioch and imposed an interdict on the city. Manuel's cousin, Andronicus Komnenus, who was made Byzantine governor of Cilicia in 1166, often visited Antioch to meet Bohemond's beautiful young sister, Philippa. Bohemond appealed to Manuel, who dismissed Andronicus, replacing him with Constantine Kalamanos.

Bohemond granted Apamea to the Knights Hospitaller in 1168. An earthquake destroyed most towns of northern Syria on 29June 1170. The Greek Patriarch, Athanasius, died when the edifice of the Cathedral of St.Peter collapsed on him during the Mass. Bohemond went to Qosair (present-day Altınözü, Turkey) and persuaded the exiled Latin Patriarch to return to his see.

Mleh, who had seized Cilicia with Nur ad-Din's help, besieged Bagras, the fortress of the Knights Templars near Antioch, in early 1170. Bohemond sought assistance from Amalric of Jerusalem, and their united army defeated Mleh, also forcing him to restore the towns of the Cilician plains to the Byzantine Empire. Bohemond's relationship with Armenian Cilicia remained tense, which prevented him from pursuing an active foreign policy until Mleh was dethroned in 1175.

Bohemond concluded an alliance with Gumushtekin, atabeg of Aleppo, against Saladin, the Ayyubid ruler of Egypt and Syria, in May 1176. On Bohemond's demand, Gumushtekin released his Christian prisoners, including Bohemond's stepfather, Raynald of Châtillon. To strengthen his alliance with the Byzantine Empire, in 1177 Bohemond married Theodora, who was closely related to Emperor Manuel.

Bohemond met Philip, Count of Flanders, who had come to the Kingdom of Jerusalem in September 1177. According to the contemporaneous William of Tyre, many crusaders blamed Bohemond and RaymondIII of Tripoli for dissuading Philip from participating in a military campaign against Egypt, preferring instead to take advantage of Philip's presence in their own realms. Indeed, in December Philip and Bohemond jointly laid siege to Harenc, a fortress of As-Salih Ismail al-Malik, Emir of Damascus, seizing the opportunity following a mutiny of the garrison. They lifted the siege soon after As-Salih informed them that Saladin (the common enemy of both As-Salih and Bohemond) had left Egypt for Syria. As-Salih paid 50,000 dinars and renounced half of the nearby villages in favor of Bohemond.

Bohemond and Raymond III of Tripoli marched to the Kingdom of Jerusalem in early 1180, according to William of Tyre. Baldwin IV of Jerusalem feared that the two princes (who were his father's cousins) had come to dethrone him, the symptoms of his leprosy having become "more and more evident" by that time. Historian Bernard Hamilton, who accepts William of Tyre's narration, says that Bohemond and Raymond came to Jerusalem to choose a husband for Baldwin's sister and heir, Sibylla, wishing to decrease the influence of the king's maternal relatives. However, Baldwin gave her in marriage to Guy of Lusignan, who was supported by their mother, Agnes of Courtenay. Sibylla's marriage contributed to the formation of two parties of noblemen. Bohemond, RaymondIII of Tripoli, and the Ibelin brothers became the leaders of the group that opposed Guy of Lusignan.

Conflicts

Manuel I Komnenos died on 24 September 1180. Bohemond soon repudiated his wife, Theodora, to marry an Antiochene lady of bad reputation, Sibylla. Ali ibn al-Athir described her as a spy who was "in correspondence with Saladin and exchanged gifts with him". Patriarch Aimery accused Bohemond of adultery and excommunicated him. After Bohemond confiscated church property, Aimery imposed an interdict on Antioch and fled to his fortress at Qosair. Bohemond besieged the fortress, but Rainald II Masoir, Lord of Margat, and other noblemen who supported the patriarch rose up against him.

Baldwin IV sent Heraclius, Patriarch of Jerusalem, along with other bishops, and Raynald of Châtillon to Antioch to mediate. After preparatory negotiations with the envoys in Latakia, Bohemond and Aimery met in Antioch. Bohemond agreed to restore confiscated church property and Aimery lifted the interdict, but Bohemond's excommunication remained in force because he refused to return to Theodora. Peace was not fully restored, and the leaders of the opposition fled to Armenian Cilicia.

Bohemond made peace with Imad ad-Din Zengi II, the Zengid ruler of Aleppo, in May 1182. However, Imad ad-Din was forced to surrender Aleppo to Saladin on 11June 1183. Fearing an attack on Antioch, Bohemond sold Tarsus to Roupen III, Lord of Armenian Cilicia, to raise funds. BaldwinIV of Jerusalem promised to send 300 knights to Antioch. Saladin did not invade the principality and signed a peace treaty with Bohemond. Bohemond attended the assembly that BaldwinIV had summoned to discuss the administration of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in autumn 1183. At the meeting, Guy of Lusignan was dismissed as regent, and his five-year-old stepson, Baldwin, was proclaimed co-ruler. A charter shows that Bohemond was in Acre in April 1185, suggesting that he was present when the leper BaldwinIV died around that time.

Roupen III of Armenian Cilicia laid siege to Lampron, the seat of his rival, Hethum III of Lampron. Hethum sent envoys to Bohemond, seeking his assistance. Bohemond invited Roupen to a banquet to Antioch where he had Roupen captured and imprisoned in 1185. Bohemond invaded Cilicia, but he could not prevent Roupen's brother, Leo, from seizing Lampron. An Armenian nobleman, Pagouran of Barbaron, mediated a peace treaty. Roupen agreed to pay a ransom and to renounce Sarventikar, Tall Hamdun, Mamistra, and Adana. He also acknowledged Bohemond's suzerainty. After the ransom was paid in 1186, Bohemond released Roupen, who soon reconquered the fortresses and towns that he had ceded to Antioch.

Saladin's triumph

The child Baldwin V of Jerusalem died in late summer 1186. Raymond of Tripoli and his supporters could not prevent BaldwinV's mother, Sibylla, and her husband, Guy of Lusignan, from seizing the throne. Baldwin of Ibelin, who was the only Jerusalemite baron to refuse to pay homage to Sibylla and Guy after their coronation, moved to Antioch. Bohemond granted a fief to him.

Nomad Turkmen bands invaded Cilicia, forcing the new ruler, Leo, to swear fealty to Bohemond shortly after his ascension in 1186 or 1187. The Turkmens also broke into the Principality of Antioch, pillaging the lowlands around Latakia and the monasteries in the nearby mountains. Bohemond was forced to make a truce with Al-Muzaffar Umar, Saladin's governor in Syria, who joined Saladin's invasion of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in May. Even so, Bohemond sent 50 knights under the command of his elder son, Raymond, to Jerusalem after a Christian army was almost annihilated in the Battle of Cresson. The Turkmens continued their plundering raid until the Antiochene army defeated them and seized their booty.

Saladin launched a crushing defeat on the Christian army in the Battle of Hattin on 4July 1187. Bohemond's son was one of the few Christian leaders to flee from the battlefield. Within three months, Saladin captured almost all towns and fortresses of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. RaymondIII of Tripoli, who died before the end of the year, willed the County of Tripoli to Bohemond's elder son and heir, Raymond. Bohemond sent his younger son and namesake to take control of Tripoli, convinced that one ruler could not defend both Antioch and Tripoli. After his son was installed in Tripoli, Bohemond became "the greatest of the Franks and their most extensive ruler", according to Ibn Al-Athir. Bohemond offered to pay homage to William II of Sicily in exchange for military assistance.

Saladin started the invasion of northern Syria on 1July 1188. His troops captured Latakia on 22 or 23July, Sahyun six days later, and the fortresses along the Orontes River in August. After the Knights Templar surrendered their fortress at Bagras to Saladin on 26September, Bohemond pleaded for a truce, offering the release of his Muslim prisoners. Saladin granted the truce from 1October 1188 to 31May 1189. Bohemond managed to retain only his capital and the port of St Symeon. Saladin stipulated that Antioch was to be surrendered without resistance if no reinforcements came before the end of May 1189. Bohemond urged the Holy Roman emperor, Frederick Barbarossa, to come to Syria, offering him the suzerainty over Antioch.

Third crusade

Guy of Lusignan, who had recently been released, came to Antioch in July or August 1188. Bohemond did not provide him with military assistance, and Guy left for Tripoli.

Frederick Barbarossa departed from the Holy Roman Empire in May 1189. The defence of Antioch was a principal aim of his crusade, but he died unexpectedly near Seleucia in Asia Minor (present-day Silifke in Turkey) on 10June 1190. His son Duke Frederick VI of Swabia took over the command of the army, but most crusaders decided to return to Europe. The remnants of the German crusaders reached Antioch on 21June 1190. Bohemond paid homage to Frederick of Swabia. Barbarossa's body, which had been carried to Antioch, was buried in the cathedral before the duke continued his crusade toward the Holy Land.

In May 1191 Bohemond sailed to Limassol along with Guy of Lusignan and Leo of Cilicia to meet King Richard I of England, who had arrived to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin. He once again met Richard during the siege of Acre in summer 1191, but he did not provide military support to the crusaders. Bohemond's relationship with Leo of Cilicia became tense when Leo captured Bagras and refused to cede it to the Knights Templar.

After Richard of England left the Holy Land, Bohemond met Saladin in Beirut on 30October 1192. According to Ibn Al-Athir, Bohemond "did obeisance" and Saladin "bestowed a robe of honour upon him" at their meeting. They signed a ten-year truce that included both Antioch and Tripoli but did not cover Armenian Cilicia even though Leo of Cilicia was Bohemond's vassal.

Last years

Bohemond's wife, Sibylla, wanted to secure Antioch for her son, William, with the assistance of Leo of Cilicia (whose wife, Isabel, was her niece). Leo invited Bohemond and his family to Bagras, saying that he wanted to start negotiations regarding the surrender of the fortress either to Antioch or to the Templars in early 1194. The meeting was a trap: Bohemond was captured and taken to Leo's capital, Sis.

Bohemond was compelled to surrender Antioch to Leo. He appointed his marshal, Bartholomew Tirel, to accompany the Armenian troops, which were under the command of Hethoum of Sason, to Antioch. The Antiochene noblemen allowed Leo's soldiers to enter the town, but the mainly Greek and Latin burgers opposed Leo's rule. An Armenian soldier's rude remark about Saint Hilary, to whom the royal chapel was dedicated, provoked a riot, forcing the Armenians to withdraw from the town. The burghers assembled in the cathedral to form a commune under the auspices of Patriarch Aimery. They declared Bohemond's eldest son, Raymond, regent for his imprisoned father. Raymond's younger brother, Bohemond, also hurried from Tripoli to Antioch, and the Armenian forces had to return to Cilicia.

Henry I of Jerusalem came to Antioch to mediate a peace treaty in early 1195. After Bohemond renounced his claim to suzerainty over Cilicia and acknowledged Leo's possession of Bagras, Leo released him and his retainers. Before long, Bohemond's son, Raymond, married Leo's niece and heir, Alice.

Raymond died in early 1197, but his widow gave birth to a posthumous son, Raymond-Roupen. The elderly Bohemond sent her and her infant son to Cilicia wanting either to secure Antioch for his son by Sibylla, or to guarantee their security. Bohemond assisted Duke Henry I of Brabant in capturing Beirut in October 1197. Before long, he decided to besiege Jabala and Latakia, but he had to return to Antioch to meet the papal legate, Conrad of Wittelsbach, the archbishop of Mainz. The archbishop had come to Antioch to secure Raymond-Roupen's right to succeed Bohemond. On Conrad's demand, Bohemond summoned the Antiochene noblemen, who swore fealty to his grandson.

Bohemond of Tripoli regarded himself his father's lawful heir, because he was Bohemond's elder surviving son. He came to Antioch at the end of 1198 and persuaded the commune to accept his rule. Before long, the younger Bohemond returned to Tripoli, enabling his father to re-take control of state affairs, suggesting that the elder Bohemond had tacitly supported his son's coup. LeoI of Cilicia appealed to the Holy See to protect Raymond-Roupen's interest, but the Knights Templar submitted a complaint against him for refusing to restore Bagras to them.

Bohemond died in April 1201. His son hurried to Antioch to attend his funeral. The commune proclaimed him prince, but many noblemen who remained loyal to Raymond-Roupen fled to Cilicia. The ensuing War of the Antiochene Succession lasted for years, until the death of Leo in May 1219.

Family
Bohemond's first wife, Orgueilleuse of Harenc, was first mentioned in charters issued in 1170, suggesting that Bohemond married her in or before that year. She was last mentioned in February or March 1175. She was the mother of Bohemond's two eldest sons, Raymond and Bohemond.

Bohemond's second wife, Theodora (whom the Lignages d'Outremer mentioned as Irene) was a relative of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos. Historian Charles M. Brand identifies her as the daughter of Manuel's nephew, John Doukas Komnenos. According to the Lignages d'Outremer, Theodora gave birth to a daughter, Constance, who was not mentioned in other sources.

William of Tyre described Sibylla, the third wife of Bohemond, as a witch who "practised evil magics" to seduce Bohemond. Michael the Syrian stated that Sibylla was a whore. Her sister was the wife of Bohemond's vassal, the lord of Burzey. Bohemond and Sibylla's daughter, Alice, became the wife of the wealthy Lord Guy I Embriaco of Jabala. William, the son of Bohemond and Sibylla, may have been named for William II of Sicily. In his fourth marriage, Bohemond married Isabella of Farabel, with whom he had Bohemond of Botron, who married Isabelle, heiress to the Lordship of Botrun.

Notes

References

Sources

Primary sources

 Letters from the East: Crusaders, Pilgrims and Settlers in the 12th–13th Centuries (Translated by Malcolm Barber and Keith Bate) (2010). Ashgate. .
 The Chronicle of Ibn Al-Athir for the Crusading Period from Al-Kamil Fi'l-Ta'rikh (Part2: The Years 541-582/1146-1193: The Age of Nur ad-Din and Saladin) (Translated by D.S. Richards) (2007). Ashgate. .

Secondary sources

Further reading

External links

1140s births
1201 deaths
12th-century Princes of Antioch
13th-century Princes of Antioch
People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
House of Poitiers
Medieval princes

Bohemond III of Antioch


Zvjezdoliki zvjezdolan (zviezdolika metiljka, lat. Lysimachia linum-stellatum, sin. Asterolinon linum-stellatum), Jednogodišnja je biljka i raste prvenstveno u suptropskom biomu na Kanarskim otocima i Mediteranu do Irana. Raste i u Hrvatskoj

Vrsta je nekada ukjljučivana u rod Asterolinon (zvjezdolan), sinonim roda Lysimachia (protivak).

 Sinonimi
 Asterolinon linum-stellatum (L.) Duby in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 68 (1844)
 Asterolinon stellatum Hoffmanns. & Link in Fl. Portug. 1: 333 (1820), nom. superfl.
 Asterolinon lysimachioideum St.-Lag. in Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 64 (1880)
 Lysimachia linifolia Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 120 (1796)
 Lysimachia stellata'' St.-Lag. in Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 130 (1880)

Izvori

Protivak
Flora Hrvatske
Flora Jugozapadne Europe
Flora Jugoistočne Europe
Flora Sjeverne Afrike
Flora Zapadne Azije
Flora Armenije
Flora Azerbajdžana
Flora Gruzije
Flora Kanarskih otoka

Zvjezdoliki zvjezdolan


Bronhitis je upala bronha (velikih i srednjih dišnih putova) u plućima, koja uzrokuje kašalj. Simptomi uključuju: iskašljavanje sputuma, otežano disanje i bol u prsima. Bronhitis može biti akutan i kroničan.

Akutni bronhitis obično prati kašalj koji traje oko tri tjedna, a poznat je i kao prehlada prsiju. U više od 90% slučajeva uzrok je virusna infekcija. Ti se virusi mogu širiti zrakom kad ljudi kašlju ili izravnim kontaktom. Mali broj slučajeva uzrokovan je bakterijskom infekcijom kao što je Mycoplasma pneumoniae ili Bordetella pertussis. Čimbenici rizika uključuju izloženost duhanskom dimu, prašini i drugom onečišćenju zraka. Liječenje akutnog bronhitisa obično uključuje mirovanje, paracetamol (acetaminofen) i nesteroidne protuupalne lijekove (NSAID) za pomoć kod vrućice.

Kronični_bronhitis definira se kao produktivan kašalj - onaj koji proizvodi ispljuvak - koji traje tri mjeseca ili više tijekom najmanje dvije godine. Većina ljudi s kroničnim bronhitisom imaju kroničnu opstruktivnu plućnu bolest (KOPB). Pušenje je najčešći uzrok, dok drugi čimbenici poput onečišćenja zraka i genetike igraju manju ulogu. Tretmani uključuju prestanak pušenja, rehabilitaciju i često udisanje bronhodilatatora i steroida. Neki ljudi mogu imati koristi od dugotrajne terapije kisikom.

Akutni bronhitis jedna je od najčešćih bolesti. Oko 5% odraslih je pogođeno, a oko 6% djece ima barem jednom godišnje. Akutni bronhitis najčešći je tip bronhitisa. U SAD-u je 2016. godine 8,6 milijuna ljudi imalo dijagnosticiran kronični bronhitis.

Izvori

Bolesti pluća i medijastinuma

Bronhitis


Guineica es un género de coleópteros adéfagos de la familia Carabidae.

Especies
Contiene las siguientes especies:

 Guineica inaequidens (Brouerius van Nidek, 1959)
 Guineica tetrachoides (Gestro, 1876)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 ION
 Nomenclator Zoologicus

Cicindelina

Guineica


Stolk Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Schleswig-Flensburg iline bağlı bölge. 14,54 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Haziran 2005 itibarıyla yaklaşık 858 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Heiner Paulsen tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-suedangeln.de

Schleswig-Flensburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Stolk


The manananggal () is a mythical creature in the Philippines that is able to separate its upper torso from the lower part of its body. Their fangs and wings give them a vampire-like appearance.

Mythology
The manananggal is described as scary, often hideous, usually depicted as female, and always capable of severing its upper torso and sprouting huge bat-like wings to fly into the night in search of its victims. The word manananggal comes from the Tagalog word tanggal, which means "to remove" or "to separate", which literally translates as "remover" or "separator".  In this case, "one who separates itself".  The name also originates from an expression used for a severed torso.

The manananggal is said to favor preying on sleeping, pregnant women, using an elongated proboscis-like tongue to suck the hearts of fetuses, or the blood of someone who is sleeping. It also haunts newlyweds or couples in love and sometimes a new born child.  Due to being left at the altar, grooms-to-be are one of its main targets. The severed lower torso is left standing, and is the more vulnerable of the two halves. Sprinkling salt, smearing crushed garlic or ash on top of the standing torso is fatal to the creature. The upper torso then would not be able to rejoin itself and would perish by sunrise.

The myth of the manananggal is popular in the Visayan regions of the Philippines, especially in the western provinces of Capiz, Iloilo, Bohol and Antique. There are varying accounts of the features of a manananggal. Like vampires, Visayan folklore creatures, and aswangs, manananggals are also said to abhor garlic, salt and holy water. They were also known to avoid daggers, light, vinegar, spices and the tail of a stingray, which can be fashioned as a whip. Folklore of similar creatures can be found in the neighbouring nations of Indonesia and Malaysia. The province of Capiz is the subject or focus of many manananggal stories, as with the stories of other types of mythical creatures, such as ghosts, goblins, ghouls generically referred to as aswangs. Sightings are purported here, and certain local folk are said to believe in their existence despite modernization. The manananggal shares some features with the vampire of Balkan folklore, such as its dislike of garlic, salt, and vulnerability to sunlight.

Historical accounts

"The seventh was called magtatangal, and his purpose was to show himself at night to many persons, without his head or entrails. In such wise the devil walked about and carried, or pretended to carry, his head to different places; and, in the morning, returned it to his body—remaining, as before, alive. This seems to me to be a fable, although the natives affirm that they have seen it, because the devil probably caused them so to believe. This occurred in Catanduanes."

Fr. Juan de Plasencia, Customs of the Tagalogs (1589)

"Brujo. Magtatangal. Dicen que vuela y come carne humana pero cuando levanta el vuelo no lleva mas que el medio cuerpo y por eso se llma asi porque es de tangal que es desencajar y el tal desencaja la mitad del cuerpo y ese lleva consigo dejadose en casa el otro medio." Magtatangal. A witch. They say that it flies and eats human flesh, but when it flies, it only has half its body, and that is why it is called tangal because it is tangible and can disengage and he dislodges half of his body, and he carries the other means at home.

Fray Domingo de los Santos, Vocabulario de Lengua Tagala (1703)

Appearances in film and other media

 Manananggal (1927), directed by José Nepomuceno, was the first ever Filipino horror movie. It is a silent movie starring Mary Walter portraying the manananggal in its current form, having the upper torso detach. Not much is known of the film's plot.
 Manananggal vs. Mangkukulam (1960), directed by Consuelo Osorio, is a Lea Productions horror comedy starring Pugo, Lopito, Patsy, Chichay and Aruray.
 Mga Bata ng Lagim (1964), again by Consuelo Osorio, features 1960s teen matinee idols "Sampaguita-VP All-Stars". It feature a prominent scene where German Moreno and Boy Alano turn into a manananggal after applying oil to their bodies, after which they sing the popular paruparong bukid folksong.
 In Lipad, Darna, Lipad! (1973), directed by Maning Borlaza, Gloria Romero plays the respectable teacher Miss Luna, who is secretly a manananggal. It co-stars Vilma Santos.
 In Pagsapit ng Dilim (1975), Perla Bautista plays a mother who tricks her daughter Gina Pareño into becoming a manananggal as part of her coming of age rites.
 Shake, Rattle & Roll (1984) is the first in a series of horror anthology films. In one episode, directed by Peque Gallaga, Herbert Bautista plays a teenager in a faraway province. A manananggal is said to live within the vicinity and is out to eat people. He is given the task by his grandmother to kill this creature. Having found a way to prevent it from returning to its body, he must now survive the night to protect his family from the creature's attacks. It co-stars Irma Alegre and Mary Walter.
 In Impaktita (1989), Jean Garcia plays the role of a young girl whose mother is a manananggal. When she turns 18, she transforms into a wild bloodsucking creature at night by the eerie sound of a bat and sucks the blood of any living person she can find. Other stars include Richard Gomez, Aga Muhlach, Gloria Romero, and Nida Blanca.
 In one episode of Shake, Rattle & Roll IV (1992), a homeless family and their neighbors in the city of Manila are plagued by attacks from a manananggal. A little boy (IC Mendoza) suspects a nun (Aiko Melendez) to be that creature, but no one believes him. He finds himself racing to prove his suspicions before he becomes the monster's next victim.
 Takot Ka Ba Sa Dilim? (1996) features a brief scene where Marjorie Barretto plays a young woman who turns into a ravenous manananggal at night who hunts for unsuspecting victims. Other cast members include Angelu de Leon, Rica Peralejo, Bobby Andrews, Red Sternberg, and Amanda Page.
 In Manananggal in Manila (1997), an English-speaking manananggal (Alma Concepcion) spreads terror in Manila.
 Banzai Girl is a 2002 graphic novel series created, written, and drawn by Filipino artist and model Jinky Coronado. Its main character (also named Jinky Coronado) is a seemingly ordinary schoolgirl, but has a mysterious connection to two other realities. When her worlds begin to collide, she is forced to battle various monsters, including a vicious manananggal.
 Dayo: Sa Mundo ng Elementalia (2008) is an animated film directed by Robert Quilao whose plot revolves around Bubuy (Nash Aguas) who is out to save his abducted grandparents in the land of Elementalia. It features a friendly vegetarian manananggal named Anna (Katrina Legaspi), relating her to a different species of bat which is a fruit bat, as opposed the blood thirsty ones based on the folklore. Pokwang co-stars.
 Michael Deforge's comics anthology Lose #3 includes a three page wordless comic entitled "Manananggal".
 In Episode 5, "Island Lights" (The Island of Fire) of Marvel Anime: Blade (2011), Blade and his partners encounter a mutated version of the manananggal and its victims while hunting down Deacon Frost on the island of Siquijor, an island province in the Philippines.
 The Aswang Phenomenon (2011), directed by Jordan Clark, is a documentary exploration of the aswang folklore and its effects on Philippine society. The evolution and history of the manananggal is explored from an anthropological, sexual and pop culture view. Produced by High Banks Entertainment Ltd., the cast includes Peque Gallaga, Rodolfo Vera, and Maricel Soriano.
 In the TV series Aso ni San Roque (2012), directed by Don Michael Perez, Fatima (Mona Louise Rey) is a blind girl with a heart of gold who is the offspring of a mortal and a manananggal. Her fate is to end the devastation of the Aswang in the human world with the help of Anghel, the dog statue of San Roque that has miraculously animated. It features Kanlaon (Gardo Versoza), the manananggal leader of the Aswang of the Wind (or Airborne aswangs). He once loved and failed to Lourdes (LJ Reyes), a manananggal herself and the mother of Fatima.
Fresh Meat (2013), a novel tie-in to the TV series Supernatural by Alice Henderson, features the main characters battling an aswang in the Sierra Nevada mountains during a blizzard. The creature in this novel sucks human organs out through a proboscis and inserts body parts of other humans into the victim then seals the hole. The main characters make a whip tipped with a stingray barb and coated with spices to kill the creature.
In Midnight Blue-Light Special (2013), the second volume of the InCryptid series by Seanan McGuire, the protagonist Verity Price slays a manananggal in a hospital.
 Mananang Game (2014) is an Android game by Jigzen Game Studios similar to Flappy Bird, featuring a manananggal.
 The episode "Si Esperanza, Ang Rebeldeng Manananggal" ("Esperanza, The Rebel Manananggal")  (2014) of the Philippine TV series Elemento is about Esperanza (Glaiza de Castro), a pediatrician with two mortal sons, her desire to protect her children and avoid the way of the life of being a manananggal. The episode is directed by Topel Lee and co-stars Valerie Concepcion and Maria Isabel Lopez.
 Nightfall: Escape (2016) by Zeenoh is the first ever Filipino horror game, a first-person survival horror video game featuring a manananggal as the main antagonist.
 In Mommy Dearest (Grimm), the 14th episode of Season 3 of the supernatural drama television series Grimm and the 58th episode overall, which premiered on March 7, 2014, on the broadcast network NBC, features an "Aswang", attacking Wu's pregnant childhood friend from the Philippines. It turns out Wu's friend married into a family of aswangs and the one attacking her is her mother-in-law, who claims she will die if she does not eat her first grandchild.
 Ang Manananggal sa Unit 23B, a Horror Romantic movie made in 2016 and had its cinema screening in 2017, focuses on a love story of a woman by day and Manananggal by night. It features the actress Ryza Cenon as the manananggal and actor Martin Del Rosario as her love interest.
 "Deadly Vows" by Keri Arthur has a manananggal which is terrorizing newlyweds in the Castle Rock reservation.
 In the game Shin Megami Tensei V, Manananggal was revealed as a new demon and the first representative of Filipino folklore for the Shin Megami Tensei series.
 In the erotic novel Melania: Devourer of Men (2018) by J.D. Boehninger, Melania Trump is a secret manananggal who struggles to keep her identity hidden after her husband becomes president.
 In the short story M by Sarah Hall (published in Sudden Traveller 2019) the protagonist turns into a creature that fits the description of the manananggal though this is not overtly stated.
 The graphic novel Kasama (2021) by Allan Matudio prominently features a manananggal as a main antagonist.
 The Manananggal is also an object in the SCP Foundation, designated as SCP-5201.

Other terms and versions
 Aswang: However, aswang is a generic term and can refer to all types of monsters (usually ghouls, werebeasts, and vampires) and witches (mangkukulam), etc.
 Tik-tik: Manananggals are sometimes referred to as tik-tik, the sound it makes while flying.  Folklore dictates that the fainter the sound, the nearer the manananggal is. This is to confuse the victim. Black cats and crows often signal a tik-tik's presence, and deformed faces or bodies in children are allegedly signs of the aftermath of a tik-tik attack.

See also
 Chonchon – Mapuche creature that also detaches its head
 Krasue – Floating vampiric female head and entrails that is similar to a manananggal
 Nukekubi – Japanese creature that also detaches its head to feed on victims
 Penanggalan – A vampire akin to Manananggal from the Malay peninsula
 Leyak – Similar creature from Balinese mythology
 Philippine mythology
 Soucouyant – a Caribbean blood-sucking hag
 Tiyanak – Blood-sucking creature in a form of a baby that turns into what is known to be the child of the devil

References

Further reading

External links
 Filipino Folklore: Manananggal
 Mananang Game Official Website

Vampires
Female legendary creatures
Mythological anthropophages
Mythological hematophages
Malaysian legendary creatures
Philippine legendary creatures
Philippine demons
Visayan mythology
Ghouls

Manananggal


Ömer Zülfü Livaneli (Ilgın, Turquía, 1946) es un cantante y compositor turco de música folk, además de político, editor, escritor de novelas y director de cine. Este intelectual de izquierdas fue parlamentario en una legislatura (2002-2007) bajo los colores del Partido Republicano del Pueblo (CHP), partido que abandonaría en 2005 por lo que a su juicio fue un cambio antidemocrático y chovinista de su partido. En 2007 no se volvió a presentar para revalidar su cargo.

Discografía (selección)

 Cantos revolucionarios turcos - 1973
 Eşkıya Dünyaya Hükümdar Olmaz - 1975
 Merhaba - 1977
 Nazım Türküsü - 1978
 The Bus (banda sonora) - 1978
 Alamanya Beyleri - 1979
 Atlının Türküsü - 1979
 Günlerimiz – 1980
 İnce Memet Türküsü – 1980
 Maria Farandouri Livaneli Söylüyor – 1982
 Yol (banda sonora) – 1983
 Eine Auswahl – 1983
 Ada – 1983
 İstanbul Konseri (concierto) – 1984
 Güneş Topla Benim İçin – 1985
 Livaneli / 10 Yılın Ezgisi – 1986
 Zor Yıllar – 1986
 Hoşgeldin Bebek – 1986
 Gökyüzü Herkesindir – 1987
 Soundtracks – 1988
 Crossroads (New Age) – 1990
 Saat 4 Yoksun – 1993
 Neylersin – 1995
 Yangın Yeri – 1996
 Janus (poemas sinfónicos) – 1996
 Livaneli & Theodorakis : Together – 1997
 Efsane Konserler – 1997
 Nefesim Nefesine – 1998
 New Age Rhapsody , London Symphony Orchestra Plays Livaneli - 1999
 Unutulmayanlar – 1999
 İlk Türküler – 2001
 Hayata Dair - 2005
 Veda Film Müzikleri – 2010
 Gökkuşağı Gönder Bana – 2013
 Livaneli 50. Yıl "Bir Kuşaktan Bir Kuşağa" – 2016

Bibliografía

 Arafat'ta Bir Çocuk (Un niño en el purgatorio) (1978)
 Orta Zekalılar Cenneti (El cielo de los mediocres) (1991)
 Diktatör ve Palyaço (El dictador y el payaso) (1992)
 Sosyalizm Öldü mü? (¿Está muerto el socialismo?) (1994)
 Engereğin Gözündeki Kamaşma (El gran eunuco de Constantinopla) (1996) (Edhasa, Barcelona, 1998)
 Bir Kedi, Bir Adam, Bir Ölüm (Un gato, un hombre, una muerte) (2001)
 Mutluluk (Felicidad) (2002)
 Gorbaçov'la Devrim Üstüne Konuşmalar (Conversaciones sobre la revolución con Gorbachov) (2003)
 Leyla'nın Evi (La casa de Leyla) (2006)
 Sevdalım Hayat (Mi querida vida) (2008)
 Serenad (2011) (Serenata para Nadia) (2011) (Galaxia Gutenberg, Barcelona, 2023)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 http://www.livaneli.net

 Página web oficial
 Archive of articles in Vatan (en inglés)
 Zülfü Livaneli - Préliminaires du premier disque "Chants révolutionnaires turcs" (en francés)

Escritores de Turquía del siglo XX
Poetas de Turquía
Políticos de Turquía del siglo XXI
Cantantes masculinos de Turquía
Cantantes de folk de Turquía
Cantantes de protesta
Cantautores de Turquía
Directores de cine de Turquía
Escritores de Turquía del siglo XXI

Zülfü Livaneli


Kršćanska komedija predstavlja podvrstu komedije namijenjenu kršćanskom gledateljstvu. Može, ali i ne mora nužno, premda često uglavnom sadržava poveznice ili reference na Bibliju, kršćanstvo, bogoslužje ili Crkvu. Bilješke o zdravstvenoj dobrobiti humora u Knjizi Mudrosti ubrajaju se među najstarije spomene humora. Prva Poslanica Solunjanima također naglašava »Duha ne trnite!« (1 Sol 5, 1-26).

Među poznatije kršćanske komičare ubrajaju se Patricia Heaton, David Adkins (Sinbad), VIctoria Jackson, Chonda Courtney Pierce i ini. U Hrvatskoj su poznati skupina »Hrvatsko nadzemlje« iz Splita i »Božanstvena komedija« Laudato televizije.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Božanstvena komedija Službeni kanal na YouTube-u
 Hrvatsko nadzemlje Službeni kanal na YouTube-u

Humor

Kršćanska komedija


Н هو أحد حروف الأبجدية السيريلية، يقابله بالعربية الحرف ن ويشابهه في النطق عدا عندما يسبق بالحرف ь أو حرف علة تذوقي وفي هذه الحالة ينطق «ني». هذا الحرف يشبه الحرف الاتيني H، لكنه ينحدر من الحرف اليوناني نو.

بالمطابقة، الحرف И الذي يبدو كحرف N معكوس، ينحدر من الحرف Η اليوناني، بينما ينحدر الحرف Н من الحرف نو N الذي يبدو مثل حرف И معكوس.

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 H
 نو

حروف سيريلية

Н


Sackenhoym, polnisch Grabówka ist eine Ortschaft in Oberschlesien. Sackenhoym liegt in der Gemeinde Birawa im Powiat Kędzierzyńsko-Kozielski (Landkreis Kandrzin-Cosel) in der Woiwodschaft Oppeln in Polen.

Geografie

Sackenhoym liegt drei Kilometer östlich vom Gemeindesitz Birawa, 10 Kilometer südöstlich von der Kreisstadt Kędzierzyn-Koźle (Kandrzin-Cosel) und 50 Kilometer südöstlich von der Woiwodschaftshauptstadt Oppeln.

Geschichte
Der Ort wurde als Kolonie in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts gegründet. 1774 wurde die Kolonie erstmals urkundlich als Colonie Sackenhoym erwähnt. 1865 hatte Sackenhoym 29 Häuslerstellen.

Bei der Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien am 20. März 1921 stimmten 73 Wahlberechtigte für einen Verbleib Oberschlesiens bei Deutschland und 109 für eine Zugehörigkeit zu Polen. Sackenhoym verblieb nach der Teilung Oberschlesiens beim Deutschen Reich. Bis 1945 befand sich der Ort im Landkreis Cosel.

1945 kam der bis dahin deutsche Ort unter polnische Verwaltung und wurde in Grabówka umbenannt und der Woiwodschaft Schlesien angeschlossen. 1950 kam der Ort zur Woiwodschaft Oppeln. 1999 kam der Ort zum neugegründeten Powiat Kędzierzyńsko-Kozielski. Am 23. April 2007 wurde in der Gemeinde Birawa, der Grabówka angehört, Deutsch als zweite Amtssprache eingeführt. Am 10. Januar 2011 erhielt der Ort zusätzlich den amtlichen deutschen Ortsnamen Sackenhoym.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Wegkapelle mit Dachreiter, im Inneren befinden sich eine Marienfigur und eine Figur des Heiligen Florians.

Wappen

Alte Siegel der Gemeinde Sackenhoym zeigen einen nach rechts gekehrten doppeltgeschwänzten Löwen mit einer Sense in den Pfoten. Es weist somit auf den damaligen landwirtschaftlich geprägten Charakter des Ortes hin.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Gemeinde Birawa
Ort in Schlesien
Ort der Woiwodschaft Opole
Gegründet im 18. Jahrhundert

Sackenhoym


Harry Dunkinson, né le  à New York et mort le  en Californie, est un acteur américain.

Biographie

Filmographie partielle
 1921 : Why Trust Your Husband? de George Marshall
 1922 : The Fast Mail de Bernard J. Durning
 1933 : Tillie et Gus (Tillie and Gus) de Francis Martin
 1933 : Sérénade à trois (Design for Living) d'Ernst Lubitsch
 1934 : Le Ministère des amusements (Stand Up and Cheer!) de Hamilton MacFadden
 1934 : Les Jambes au cou (Going Bye-Bye!) de Charley Rogers
 1934 : Le capitaine déteste la mer (The Captain Hates the Sea) de Lewis Milestone
 1934 : La Course de Broadway Bill (Broadway Bill) de Frank Capra
 1935 : Toute la ville en parle (The Whole Town's Talking) de John Ford

Liens externes

Naissance à New York
Acteur américain
Naissance en décembre 1876
Décès en mars 1936
Décès en Californie
Décès à 59 ans

Harry Dunkinson


José Moura Gonçalves (Belo Horizonte, 5 de janeiro de 1914 – São Paulo, 18 de outubro de 1996) foi um médico, bioquímico, pesquisador e professor universitário brasileiro.

Grande oficial da Ordem Nacional do Mérito Científico e membro da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Gonçalves foi um dos pioneiros na área da bioquímica no Brasil. É conhecido por ter isolado a proteína tóxica do veneno das cascavéis, que contribuiu para a compreensão da constituição química dos venenos de serpentes e para o estudo dos efeitos desses componentes.

Biografia
Gonçalves nasceu em Belo Horizonte, em 1914. Era filho de José Augusto Gonçalves e de Argentina Moura Gonçalves. Cursou medicina na atual Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Em 1940, concorrendo para a cadeira de química fisiológica, a cadeira de seu professor José Baeta Vianna, Gonçalves recebeu o título de doutor em medicina.

Carreira
A convite do professor Carlos Chagas Filho, Gonçalves ingressou no Instituto de Biofísica da atual Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como assistente da cadeira de física biológica. Neste laboratório ele se associou com René e Sabine Filliti-Wurmser, cientistas franceses na área de biofísica e química biológica e refugiados de guerra. Em 1945, foi aceito no Laboratório de Físico-Química da Universidade de Wisconsin-Madison como bolsista da Fundação Rockefeller.

Como pesquisador associado, ele descobriu e isolou uma neurotoxina específicas das cascáveis do sul do Brasil e do norte da Argentina. Após caracterizar química e fisiologicamente a toxina, ele a nomeou de crotamina. Esta descoberta foi um marco que revelou a biodiversidade de venenos de serpentes e teve importantes implicações para a preparação de soros antiofídicos.

Ainda como associado da Fundação Rockefeller, ele trabalhou no National Cancer Institute no laboratório de Jesse P. Greenstein, discípulo de Max Bergman, onde participou do estudo de uma nova classe de proteases (desidropeptidases) e sintetizou substratos específicos para sua caracterização. Este estudo foi publicado no Journal of Biological Chemistry em 1947, tendo Gonçalves como primeiro autor.

Retorno ao Brasil
Ao regressar ao Instituto de Biofísica em 1948, Gonçalves organizou a seção de Físico-Química, onde estabeleceu novos métodos de isolamento e caracterização de proteínas por eletroforese livre e cromatografia, entre outros. Voltou a trabalhar no isolamento e caracterização de toxinas e enzimas do veneno de animais brasileiros. Visitou a Universidade de Uppsala, onde trabalhou com Arne Tiselius, a Universidade de Copenhague, onde trabalhou com Linderstrom Lang e, através do British Council, as universidades inglesas de Sheffield, Londres, Oxford e Cambridge.

Em 1952, por recomendação de Leal Prado, Gonçalves foi contratado por Zeferino Vaz para dirigir o Departamento de Bioquímica da recém-fundada Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, cujo objetivo era inovar o ensino médico, proporcionando formação científica aos futuros médicos. Por isso, Vaz escolheu professores de alta competência e experiência comprovada tanto no Brasil quanto no exterior. Gonçalves fez do seu Departamento de Bioquímica uma referência para todos os outros.

Foi eleito e reeleito diretor da FMRP por sete anos consecutivos durante os tempos difíceis do regime militar quando não permitiu que a Faculdade fosse controlada pelo autoritarismo civil ou militar, fazendo o que podia para evitar a deterioração do ambiente universitário. Desempenhou papel importante na reestruturação da Sociedade Brasileira de Bioquímica, da qual foi o primeiro presidente em sua nova fase.

Após se aposentar da Universidade de São Paulo, Gonçalves tornou-se Diretor de Radiobiologia do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN) no campus da capital. Aos 71 anos, parou de trabalhar para dedicar-se à família.

Morte
José Moura Gonçalves morreu em 18 de outubro de 1996, na capital paulista, aos 82 anos.

Professores da Universidade de São Paulo
Alunos da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Cientistas do Brasil
Bioquímicos do Brasil

José Moura Gonçalves


Le siège d'Agdoz (1923) est une tentative marocaine avortée de s'emparer de la position (alors espagnole) d'Agdoz, située entre Dar Akoba et Talamb, et chargée de protéger les communications entre Tétouan et Chefchaouen.

Contexte

Déroulement
Le , une harka de Ghomaras et Rifains attaque la position d'Agdoz, située entre Dar Akoba et Talamb. Le but étant de couper les communications entre Tétouan et Chefchaouen, afin d'isoler au maximum cette dernière. En apprenant les évènements, le commandant du poste de Dar Akoba envoie le  tabor de regulares de Tétouan afin de soutenir les légionnaires assiégés. Les Regulares parviennent à entrer dans la position d'Agdoz.

La défense du poste devenant de plus en plus intenable, la garnison tente une sortie mais subit de lourdes pertes. L'arrivée de nouveaux renforts à savoir le  tabor de regulares de Ceuta, deux compagnies du régiment de Ceuta et des escadrilles de bombardement permettent de briser le siège, poussant les Marocains à se disperser dans les montagnes environnantes. Les pertes espagnoles s'élèvent à .

Sources

Notes

Sources bibliographiques

Références

Annexes

Bibliographie

Francophone

Bataille impliquant le Maroc
Bataille impliquant l'Espagne
Bataille de 1925
Guerre du Rif
1925 au Maroc

Siège d'Agdoz


Benedikt Gíslason (21. desember 1894 – 1. október 1989) var íslenskur fræðimaður, bóndi, rithöfundur og skáld. Hann bjó lengst af í Hofteigi á Jökuldal (1928 – 1944) og kenndi sig við þann stað. Hann var í Búnaðarskólanum á Eiðum 1911–1913 og lauk þaðan búfræðiprófi. Síðar skrifaði hann sögu Eiðaskóla. Hann var í fyrsta árgangi Samvinnuskólans veturinn 1918-1919, og útskrifaðist þaðan.  Á unglingsárum kynntist hann ættfræðirannsóknum séra Einars Jónssonar en sem fullorðinn maður gaf hann út verk hans Ættir Austfirðinga ásamt fleirum.

Benedikt var bóndi til fimmtugs, og síðar starfaði hann alllengi hjá Framleiðsluráði landbúnaðarins. Hann var afkastamikill rithöfundur seinni hluta ævi sinnar. Hann gaf út ljóðabók 1947, og lítið vísnasafn kom út 1981, en aðrar bækur hans eru af sagnfræðilegum toga.

Hinn 19. nóv. 1921 giftist Benedikt Geirþrúði Bjarnadóttur (30. október 1921 – 8. febrúar 1978). Þau bjuggu fyrst á Egilsstöðum í Vopnafirði þar sem þau áttu fjögur börn, en síðan í Hofteigi þar sem sjö börn bættust við. Þau brugðu búi 1944 og fluttu til Reykjavíkur. Benedikt keypti jörðina Helgavatn í Borgarfirði og síðar jörðina Litladal í Lýtingsstaðahreppi í Skagafirði, en þessar tilraunir til að hefja búskap aftur stóðu stutt.

Fornbókmenntir og saga þjóðarinnar voru Benedikt hjartfólgin viðfangsefni. Hann vildi ekki rengja ritaðar heimildir, heldur leita skýringa á textum þeirra og komast að niðurstöðu um hvernig bæri að túlka þá texta. Hann var kunnugur á söguslóðum Hrafnkelssögu og hélt því fram gagnstætt ríkjandi söguskoðun, að rétt væri þar farið með frásagnir af byggð í Hrafnkelsdal. Nýjasta tækni við könnun á landi hefur nú sannað, að þar hafði Benedikt rétt fyrir sér.

Útgefnar bækur

 Við vötnin ströng, kvæði 1947
 Smiður Andrésson og þættir, 1949
 Íslenzki bóndinn, 1950
 Páll Ólafsson, ævisaga 1956
 Þjóð í hrapi, bæklingur 1957
 Eiðasaga, 1958
 Fólk og saga, 1958
 Saga Kaupfélags Héraðsbúa, 1959
 Íslenda, 1963 (2. útgáfa 1974)
 Ljósið í norðri og Dimmagil, bæklingur, 1968
 Í sögutúni (um útgáfu sá Árni Benediktsson frá Hofteigi), 1979
 Kvöldvísur, 1981
 Ævisaga Jónasar Kristjánssonar (um útgáfu sá Anna Ólafsdóttir Björnsson) 1987
 Benedikt sá um útgáfu á Ættum Austfirðinga eftir handriti Séra Einars Jónssonar frá Hofi (með öðrum) 1953–1959

Heimildir
- Íslenskir samtímamenn.

- Gunnar Valdimarsson, 1985. Aldursforseti íslenzkra skálda og fræðimanna : Dagskrá flutt í Ríkisútvarpið á níræðisafmæli Benedikts Gíslasonar frá Hofteigi 21. des. síðastliðinn. Heimilispósturinn, 21. árgangur, 8-9. bls. 111-117.

Tenglar
Adda Bára Sigfúsdóttir. Benedikt Gíslason frá Hofteigi - Minning. Morgunblaðið, 1989.
Flosi Sigurbjörnsson. Geirþrúður Bjarnadóttir -  Minning . Tíminn, 1978.
Formáli Benedikts um séra Einar Jónsson sem samdi Ættir Austfirðinga 1953.
Samvinnan skrifar um Benedikt og son hans Árna í Samvinnuskólanum, 1949.
Lausavísur eftir Benedikt í Vísnasafni Skagfirðinga

Íslensk skáld
Íslenskir rithöfundar

Benedikt Gíslason frá Hofteigi


Pablo Magallanes (17 de diciembre de 1978) es un actor mexicano conocido por sus apariciones en diferentes capítulos de La rosa de Guadalupe y Mujer, casos de la vida real.

Biografía
Juan Pablo Magallanes Moreno nació en Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México. Estudió arquitectura pero su pasión era la actuación, se graduó en la exclusiva escuela de actuación de Televisa Centro de Educación Artística (CEA) y su primer trabajo fue en la telenovela Mujeres engañadas.

En 2001 participó en la telenevola El juego de la vida, y un año después interpretó a "Hugo Salcedo" en el melodrama Clase 406.

En el año 2003 tuvo una participación especial en Velo de novia y en el 2004 participó en Mujer de madera.

Participó en la telenovela En nombre del amor interpretando a 'Aarón Eugenio Cortázar' en el 2008, y un año más tarde tuvo algunos apariciones en la exitosa telenovela Hasta que el dinero nos separe al lado de Pedro Fernández y Itatí Cantoral.

En el 2011 Emilio Larrosa lo invitó para formar parte en el elenco de la telenovela Dos hogares, en el papel de Óscar Lagos.

Filmografía
1999: Mujeres engañadas2001: El juego de la vida como Hugo Salcedo (cameo).
2002: Clase 406 como Hugo Salcedo.
2003: Velo de novia como Raúl.
2003-2005: Mujer, casos de la vida real en varios papeles.
2004: Amarte es mi pecado como David Soto.
2004: Mujer de madera como Valentín Calderón.
2005: Sueños y caramelos como Romeo.
2008: La rosa de Guadalupe como Iván (Capítulo: "Aliviánate").
2008-2009: En nombre del amor como Aarón Eugenio Cortázar.
2009: Hasta que el dinero nos separe como Sergio.
2011: El equipo como Javier Macedo.
2011: Dos hogares'' como Óscar Lagos Urbina.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Ciudad Obregón
Actores de televisión de México

Pablo Magallanes


Strana, pojam iz teorije grafova. Predstavlja područja ravnine na koja ih dijeli ravninski graf (planaran graf).

Izvori

Teorija grafova
face

Strana (teorija grafa)


مهمة في تل أبيب هو فيلم مصري عرض عام 1992، بطولة نادية الجندي وكمال الشناوي ومحمد مختار وسعيد عبد الغني ويوسف فوزي، تأليف بشير الديك وإخراج نادر جلال.

قصة الفيلم
تقيم آمال في باريس وتعمل جاسوسة لحساب إسرائيل. تندم وتقرر التوبة فتلجأ إلى السفير المصري ليحدد لها موعداً مع رئيس المخابرات المصرية الذي تعترف له. يتفق معها أن تكون عميلة مزدوجة وذلك بعد أن تجتاز جهاز كشف الكذب. يطلب منها السفر إلى تل أبيب لتصوير شريط خطير عليه أنواع السلاح والخطط الإستراتيجية الإسرائيلية في حالة نشوب حرب مع مصر وذلك من مبنى وزارة الدفاع. تنجح مهمة آمال في تهريب الفيلم. إلا أن المخابرات الإسرائيلية تكتشف خداعها. تلقى أنواعاً من العذاب الوحشي، يتمكن رجال المخابرات المصرية من تهريبها من المستشفى لتصل إلى مصر.

طاقم التمثيل
 نادية الجندي: (آمال الكيال)
 كمال الشناوي: (بكر - مدير المخابرات المصرية)
 محمد مختار: (حمدى - ضابط مصرى)
 سعيد عبد الغني: (بوتا - ضابط المخابرات)
 يوسف فوزي: (حازم - ضابط مصرى)
 حسن حسين: (جابي - موساد)
 خليل مرسي: (نبيل - ضابط مصرى)
 كنعان وصفي: (بنحاس سابير - موساد)
 صلاح زكي
 حمدي يوسف: (ديفيد - موساد)
 كمال الزيني: (سفير مصر بفرنسا)
 كوثر رمزي
 عاطف بركات: (ضابط موساد)
 جمال صالح: (ضابط موساد)
 عادل عمار: (مناضل فلسطيني)
 أحمد عاطف
 طارق عرابي: (ضابط مخابرات)
 محمد صلاح
 كريم وفيق
 نادر جلال: (شريف)
 عثمان محمد علي: (رئيس المخابرات المصرية)

فريق العمل
 إخراج: نادر جلال
 تأليف: بشير الديك
 مدير التصوير: سمير فرج
 مونتاج: صلاح عبد الرازق
 إنتاج: أفلام محمد مختار
 موسيقى تصويرية: جمال سلامة
 توزيع داخلي: أفلام النصر (محمد حسن رمزي وشركاه)
 توزيع خارجي: تاميدو للإنتاج والتوزيع

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أفلام باللغة العربية
أفلام تجسس مصرية
أفلام حركة مصرية
أفلام عربية عن الأمن القومي
أفلام كمال الشناوي
أفلام محمد مختار
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1992
أفلام مصرية عن الصراع العربي الإسرائيلي
أفلام مصورة في فرنسا
أفلام مصورة في مصر
أفلام نادية الجندي
أفلام من إنتاج محمد مختار

مهمة في تل أبيب (فيلم)


Le Grand Prix automobile d'Italie 2022 (Formula 1 Gran Premio Pirelli d'Italia 2022) disputé le 11 septembre 2022 sur le circuit de Monza, est la 1073 épreuve du championnat du monde de Formule 1 courue depuis 1950 où le circuit, situé dans le Parco Reale de Monza et surnommé « le Temple de la vitesse », faisait partie des sept pistes utilisées pour cette édition inaugurale. Il s'agit de la soixante-treizième édition du Grand Prix d'Italie comptant pour le championnat du monde de Formule 1, la soixante-douzième se tenant à Monza et la seizième manche du championnat 2022.

À sa deuxième tentative dans la troisième phase des qualifications, Charles Leclerc, en combinaison et casque jaunes, réalise sa huitième pole position de la saison et la dix-septième de sa carrière sous les clameurs des . Max Verstappen et son coéquipier Carlos Sainz Jr., qui ont bataillé contre lui et réalisé les deuxième et troisième temps, font partie des neuf pilotes pénalisés pour le changement hors quota de tout ou partie de leurs unités de puissance ; la grille de départ s'en retrouve totalement redessinée. Ainsi, George Russell, initialement sixième, accompagne le pilote Ferrari en première ligne, Lando Norris et Daniel Ricciardo occupent la deuxième ligne tandis que Pierre Gasly et Fernando Alonso remontent jusqu'à la troisième ligne. Nyck de Vries, pour sa première course en remplacement d'Alexander Albon hospitalisé pour une appendicite, se retrouve en quatrième ligne, huitième derrière Verstappen, alors que Zhou Guanyu et Nicholas Latifi s'invitent sur la cinquième ligne.

Irrésistible au volant d'une RB18 qui l'est tout autant, Max Verstappen remporte sa cinquième victoire consécutive, sa onzième de la saison et la trente-et-unième de sa carrière. Sa monoplace dégradant moins ses pneumatiques que la F1-75 de Charles Leclerc, il le domine nettement bien que parti du septième rang et file vers la victoire lorsque l'abandon en bord de piste de Daniel Ricciardo provoque la sortie de la voiture de sécurité pour les six derniers tours, la course s'achevant dès lors au ralenti. George Russell, troisième, monte sur son septième podium de la saison tandis que Carlos Sainz Jr. et Lewis Hamilton remontent chacun quatorze places pour se classer quatrième et cinquième.

En tête depuis le départ et chaussé de gommes tendres, alors qu'il n'a suffi que de cinq tours à Verstappen pour atteindre la deuxième place, Leclerc profite d'une voiture de sécurité virtuelle après l'abandon de Sebastian Vettel pour chausser des pneus  dès le douzième tour ; parti pour une stratégie à deux arrêts, il laisse les commandes au champion du monde qui n'effectue qu'un seul arrêt, à la vingt-cinquième boucle. Lorsque le monégasque repasse au stand à vingt tours de l'arrivée, il ressort avec vingt secondes de retard sur Verstappen et ne réussit pas à remonter sur lui ensuite. Le pilote Red Bull fonce tranquillement vers la victoire quand Daniel Ricciardo abandonne en bord de piste, ce qui nécessite la sortie de la voiture de sécurité pour neutraliser l'épreuve, une grue étant requise pour dégager la monoplace. La meute suit la  jusqu'à l'arrivée alors que deux retardataires roulent entre Verstappen et Leclerc qui ont, inutilement, effectué un « arrêt gratuit » pour passer tous deux des pneus tendres dans l'éventualité d'un affrontement qui n'aura pas eu lieu.

George Russell, qui a roulé pour le podium durant toute la course doit le défendre face à Carlos Sainz, remonté du dix-huitième rang ; leurs positions se figent lors de la neutralisation de fin de course. Lewis Hamilton, parti dix-neuvième, se classe cinquième. Sergio Pérez, rappelé au stand à dix tours de l'arrivée pour s'attribuer le point bonus du meilleur tour qu'il réalise dans la quarante-sixième boucle, se classe sixième et devance Lando Norris et Pierre Gasly qui a roulé durant toute la course dans les échappements de la McLaren de Ricciardo jusqu'à son abandon. À la neuvième place, Nyck de Vries, qui remplaçait au pied levé d'Alexander Albon, marque deux points pour Williams dès sa première course en Formule 1 ; Zhou Guanyu prend le point restant.

Avec 335 points à six courses de la fin, Verstappen peut mathématiquement être sacré champion du monde, pour la deuxième fois consécutive, dès le prochain Grand Prix, à Singapour. Leclerc (219 points) n'est pas assuré de la deuxième place finale, face à Pérez (210 points), Russell (203 points) et Sainz (187 points) cinquième, qui devance Hamilton (168 points). Plus loin, Norris (88 points) tient le septième rang devant Ocon (68 points), Alonso (59 points) et Bottas, dixième (46 points). Chez les constructeurs, Red Bull Racing (545 points) possède une avance de 139 unités sur Ferrari (406 points). Mercedes (371 points) complète un trio nettement détaché par rapport à Alpine (125 points et qui n'a pas marqué à Monza), toujours sous la menace de McLaren (107 points) ; suivent Alfa Romeo (52 points), Haas (34 points), AlphaTauri (33 points), Aston Martin (25 points) et Williams (6 points).

Pneus disponibles

Essais libres

Première séance, le vendredi de 14 h à 15 h

 Quelques instants avant le début de la première séance d'essais libres, le paddock se réunit dans la voie des stands pour observer une minute de silence en hommage à la reine Élisabeth II, morte la veille. Les pilotes et membres des écuries britanniques ou du Commonwealth portaient un brassard noir ;
 Antonio Giovinazzi, pilote-essayeur pour Haas, remplace Mick Schumacher au volant de la Haas VF-22 lors de cette séance d'essai ;
 Nyck de Vries, pilote-essayeur pour Aston Martin, remplace Sebastian Vettel au volant de l'AMR22 lors de cette séance d'essai.

Deuxième séance, le vendredi de 17 h à 18 h

Troisième séance, le samedi de 13 h à 14 h

 Nyck de Vries, pilote-essayeur pour Williams, remplace Alexander Albon, opéré pour une appendicite le samedi matin, pour le reste du weekend au volant de la Williams FW44 ; il a déjà tourné sur le circuit la veille, au volant de l'AMR22 de Sebastian Vettel lors de la première séance d'essai.

Séance de qualifications

Résultats des qualifications

Grille de départ
 Max Verstappen, auteur du deuxième temps des qualifications, est pénalisé d'un recul de cinq places pour le changement de son moteur thermique ; il s'élance septième  ;
 Sergio Pérez, auteur du quatrième temps des qualifications, est pénalisé d'un recul de dix places pour le changement de son moteur thermique ; compte-tenu des pénalités reçues par ses rivaux, il s'élance treizième  ;
 Esteban Ocon, auteur du onzième temps des qualifications, est pénalisé d'un recul de cinq places pour le changement de son moteur thermique ; compte-tenu des pénalités reçues par ses rivaux, il s'élance quatorzième  ;
 Valtteri Bottas, auteur du douzième temps des qualifications, est pénalisé d'un recul de quinze places pour le changement de son moteur thermique, de son turbocompresseur et du MGU-H ; compte-tenu des pénalités reçues par ses rivaux, il s'élance quinzième ;
 Kevin Magnussen, auteur du dix-neuvième temps des qualifications, est pénalisé d'un recul de quinze places pour le changement de son moteur thermique, de son turbocompresseur et du MGU-H ; compte-tenu des pénalités reçues par ses rivaux, il s'élance seizième ;
 Mick Schumacher, auteur du vingtième temps des qualifications, est pénalisé d'un recul de quinze places pour le changement de son moteur thermique et de sa boîte de vitesses ; compte-tenu des pénalités reçues par ses rivaux, il s'élance dix-septième ;
 Carlos Sainz Jr., auteur du troisième temps des qualifications, est pénalisé d'un recul en fond de grille pour le changement de son MGU-K et de sa boîte de vitesses ; compte-tenu des pénalités reçues par ses rivaux, il s'élance dix-huitième ;
 Lewis Hamilton, auteur du cinquième temps des qualifications, est pénalisé d'un recul en fond de grille pour le changement de son moteur thermique, de son turbocompresseur, du MGU-K et du MGU-H ; compte-tenu de la pénalité reçue de Tsunoda, il s'élance dix-neuvième ;
 Yuki Tsunoda, auteur du quinzième temps des qualifications, est pénalisé d'un recul en fond de grille pour le changement de son moteur thermique, de son turbocompresseur, du MGU-K et du MGU-H. De plus, n'ayant pas respecté les drapeaux jaunes lors de la deuxième séance d'essais libres, il reçoit trois places de pénalités et, avec cinq réprimandes depuis le début de la saison, écope de dix places supplémentaires de pénalité ; il s'élance vingtième et dernier.

Course

Classement de la course

 La course s'achève sous le régime de la voiture de sécurité ; elle régie les derniers tours à cause l'abandon, en bord de piste, de la monoplace de Daniel Ricciardo à un endroit nécessitant le déploiement d'une dépanneuse.

Pole position et record du tour
 Pole position :  Charles Leclerc (Ferrari) en 1 min 20 s 161 ().
 Meilleur tour en course :  Sergio Pérez (Red Bull) en 1 min 24 s 030 () au  tour ; sixième de l'épreuve, il remporte le point bonus associé au meilleur tour en course.

Tours en tête
  Charles Leclerc (Ferrari) : 19 tours (1-11 / 26-33)
  Max Verstappen (Red Bull)  : 34 tours (12-25 / 34-53)

Classements généraux à l'issue de la course

Statistiques
Le Grand Prix d'Italie 2022 représente :
 la  pole position de Charles Leclerc (toutes obtenues avec Ferrari), sa huitième de la saison ;
 la  victoire de Max Verstappen, sa onzième de la saison et sa cinquième consécutive ;
 la  victoire de Red Bull ;
 la  victoire de Red Bull en tant que motoriste ;
 le  podium de Charles Leclerc ;
 le  Grand Prix de Fernando Alonso qui égale le record Kimi Räikkönen ;
 le  départ en Grand Prix pour Nyck de Vries qui remplace Alexander Albon, hospitalisé ;
 les  points de Nyck de Vries.

Au cours de ce Grand Prix :
 pour célébrer, à domicile, les 75 ans de l'entreprise et les 100 ans du circuit de Monza, la Scuderia Ferrari arbore du jaune pour ce Grand Prix : combinaisons et casques des pilotes, habits des mécaniciens et des ingénieurs, et livrée de la F1-75 dont une partie du capot moteur est peinte aux couleurs de la ville de Modène, dont était originaire Enzo Ferrari, et dont il a fait le fond du , blason de l'écurie ;
 la Scuderia Ferrari est la première écurie à passer la barre des  inscrits en Formule 1 ;
 Sergio Pérez passe la barre des  inscrits en Formule 1 () ;
 comme Zhou Guanyu lors du premier Grand Prix de la saison, Nyck de Vries marque ses premiers points (les deux de la neuvième place) dès sa première course en Formule 1 ; il est le soixante-dix-huitième pilote dans ce cas depuis 1950 ;
 Nyck de Vries est élu « Pilote du jour » à l'issue d'un vote organisé sur le site officiel de la Formule 1 ;
 Mika Salo (110 Grands Prix disputés entre 1994 et 2002, deux podiums et 33 points inscrits, vainqueur de la catégorie GT2 des 24 Heures du Mans en 2008 et 2009, du championnat American Le Mans Series en 2007 et des 12 Heures de Bathurst en 2014) est nommé assistant des commissaires de course pour ce Grand Prix.

Notes et références

Lien externe

2022
Sport en Italie en 2022
Italie
Sport en septembre 2022

Grand Prix automobile d'Italie 2022


Pnau is an Australian dance music trio originating from Sydney. The trio, a duo before 2016, consists of the musicians Nick Littlemore (vocals, production), Peter Mayes (guitar, production) and Sam Littlemore (production), with the latter joining in 2016. Pnau first gained recognition through their 1999 debut album Sambanova, which later won an ARIA Music Awards for Best Dance Release. Their third album, Pnau (2007), brought them further critical acclaim and success. Pnau is also recognised for a heavily publicised apprenticeship under the musician Elton John, who signed the duo after listening to the Pnau album. Several of Pnau's later projects have had John's involvement, such as the album Soft Universe and an album of Pnau recreations of Elton John's hits called Good Morning to the Night.

Apart from being a member of Pnau, Nick Littlemore also appears as one half of the project Empire of the Sun. In November 2016, the new line-up released "Chameleon", the first single from their album Changa.

Biography

1990s: Beginnings
Pnau formed in Sydney, New South Wales by Nick Littlemore and Peter Mayes. The two met at secondary school at the age of 12 years old and began performing together in the mid-1990s, initially playing acid, house music, and trance music. Littlemore recalled meeting Mayes when he was 10; "He tripped me over. We hated each other for a couple years and then we started sneaking out and going to raves when we were about 13 and we formed a bond over intense music." Littlemore and Mayes created their first album when they were in their mid-teens. "It was called Fractal Geometric Spaces Made of Light," Littlemore remembers, "Which is probably why it was never picked up."

The duo's first commercially available tracks were a pair of nine-minute tracks, "Frisk" and "Anthropophagi", that led off email@example.com – an underground acid trance compilation album distributed by cult electronic label Creative Vibes in 1996. Pnau would then feature on another Creative Vibes project, 1998's compilation record Evolutionary Vibes III: The Evolution Will Not Be Televised, with the song "Discone".

1999–2002: Sambanova

In July 1999, Pnau released their debut album Sambanova under the independent label Peking Duck. It was recorded in a bedroom studio and they state they only expected it to sell "a few thousand copies". The album was pulled from record stores for using uncleared samples, but re-released in June 2000 and peaked inside the ARIA top 40. In October 2000, at the ARIA Music Awards of 2000, the album won Best Dance Release. In a 2003 interview with The Age, Mayes said that they had no understanding of sample clearances due to their naïveté in the music business. Mayes claimed that the album's recall did seriously affect their commercial sales. Littlemore later contested, "They screwed us over for $300,000. Warners didn't; another third party did. But that happens. We're still here, we're still doing it."

Pnau went on to make many live appearances at music festivals like Big Day Out in 2001 and Homebake in 2002. During this time, they garnered a reputation for their lively performances.

2003–2007: Again

In October 2003, Pnau released their second studio album, Again. The album was not a commercial success and Littlemore was later quoted as Again being "the worst record I've ever done". Littlemore has since retracted the statement. When asked if he still considered Again to be his worst record, Littlemore responded, "Well next to Soft Universe. They're sort of on par." Littlemore further explained that his opinions are influenced by the albums' commercial success, which is an easy headspace for him to get into since "everyone loves Empire of the Sun, it's sold 1.1 million records." Despite the seemingly unfavourable album response, several tracks received considerable acclaim - the most noteworthy being "We Love the Fresh Kills" which was a significantly popular single for the duo at the time. However, because of Agains lackluster success the pair parted ways for some time to work with other artists such as Robbie Williams, Van She, and Lost Valentinos.

2007–2009: Pnau and Empire of the Sun

In 2007, the duo reunited and wrote over two-hundred songs together and started to lay down an entire album with Nick Littlemore's brother Sam Littlemore as producer. They sent a work-in-progress track to long-time friend and collaborator Luke Steele, who sent back the track with his own vocals. After receiving the track, the Littlemore brothers and Mayes agreed to scrap almost everything they had laid down to focus on a more vocally centered album. The track became known as "With You Forever" and the finalised album was released under the self-titled name Pnau. The album not only featured vocal work from Luke Steele and Nick Littlemore himself, but also had many guest appearances such as Ladyhawke, Feadz, Nik Yannika from Lost Valentinos and Michael DeFrancesco from Van She. The album was released to high critical acclaim and gained unexpected favorable attention from Elton John, declaring it to be the greatest record he'd heard in ten years.

Inspired by their track "With You Forever", Pnau began work on a collaboration with Luke Steele, which would call themselves Empire of the Sun. Originally titled Steelemore, Empire of the Sun released it debut single in August 2008 titled "Walking on a Dream" and its debut album in October 2008 with Walking on a Dream. Nick Littlemore and Luke Steele took the roles of bandmates, while Peter Mayes assumed the role of producer. Some critics were quick to note that the band sounded more like a work of Pnau than Luke Steele's band The Sleepy Jackson. Empire of the Sun has achieved international success having been certified 2× Platinum in Australia and gold in the United Kingdom, as well as winning eleven ARIA awards. Pnau makes it clear on their Myspace numerous times that not only is Empire of the Sun a side project of theirs, but that they are also the producers. Regarding Empire of the Sun, in early 2009 news began appearing that Nick Littlemore had disappeared. The reality had been that Nick Littlemore had left Empire of the Sun to begin work on the fourth Pnau album along with Elton John.

2010–2011: Soft Universe

In 2010, Pnau's track "Baby" (Remixed by Breakbot) appeared in the release of Sony Computer Entertainment's "Gran Turismo 5", in the Background Music (BGM) playlist.

In February 2011, Pnau released "The Truth", the lead single from their forthcoming fourth studio album, Soft Universe. Soft Universe was released in June 2011 and peaked at number 13 on the ARIA Charts. Littlemore has described it as a very "emotional" album, inspired by the breakup with his long-time girlfriend. With input from Elton John, the album features Littlemore singing all the vocals on the album along with tracks co-written with fellow Aussie artist Martin Craft and producer Mark Saunders. The album was positively received, although mainly critics expressed discontent with the lack of the "endearing weirdness of previous Pnau and Empire releases." The Soft Universe album received the Australian Independent Record (AIR) Award for Best Independent Dance/Electronica Album.

2012–2015: Good Morning to the Night

On 10 March 2012, the first remix track from the anticipated, upcoming Elton John rework album commissioned for Pnau was leaked, initially airing on Pete Tong's BBC Radio 1 broadcast. In July 2012 two singles were released from the album, "Good Morning to the Night" and "Sad", while the album Good Morning to the Night was released and reaching number 1 on the UK Albums Chart.

In November 2013 French duo Faul & Wad Ad released "Changes" credited to vs. Pnau. The song samples Pnau's "Baby" and reached the top ten in numerous countries across Europe.

2016–2018: Changa

In November 2016, Pnau released "Chameleon" as the lead single from the upcoming fifth studio album. The song peaked at number 4 on the ARIA Charts and was certified 4× platinum. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2017, the song won the groups their second ARIA Award for Best Dance Release. Changa was released in November 2017 and peaked at number 11 on the ARIA Charts. The album spawned two more singles "Go Bang" and "Changa". At the ARIA Music Awards of 2018, "Go Bang" won the group's third ARIA Award for Best Dance Release.

2019–present: Hyperbolic
The band released the single "Solid Gold" on 2 May 2019. The song continues Pnau's collaboration with Kira Divine on vocals, and also features additional vocals by Marques Toliver. The band hosted a live chat on their Facebook page to support the release. In August 2019, the band released the single "All of Us". In December 2020, the band worked with Ladyhawke again and released the single "River".

In August 2021, Pnau produced a remix medley of several Elton John songs along with Dua Lipa, titled "Cold Heart (Pnau remix)". The single charted in many countries worldwide, becoming their 3rd top 10 in Australia and their second in the UK, as well as their first song to chart in the US. Over the next few years, Pnau releases singles with Budjerah, Troye Sivan, Khalid, Bebe Rexha and Ozuna.

In October 2023, Pnau released ""AEIOU"" with Empire of the Sun and announced the titled of their sixth studio album, Hyperbolic, scheduled for release in 2024.

Discography
Studio albums

Remix albums

SinglesNotes'''

Promotional singles

List of notable remixes

Awards and nominations
AIR Awards
The Australian Independent Record Awards (commonly known informally as AIR Awards) is an annual awards night to recognise, promote and celebrate the success of Australia's Independent Music sector.

!
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011
|Soft Universe
| Best Independent Dance/Electronic Album
|
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| "Solid Ground"
| Best Independent Dance/Electronic Single
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
|Changa
| Best Independent Dance/Electronic Album
|
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| "Go Bang"
| rowspan="2" | Best Independent Dance/Electronic Single
|
|-
| 2020
|"Solid Gold"
|
|
|-
| 2021
| "River" (featuring Ladyhawke)
| rowspan="3" | Best Independent Dance, Electronica or Club Single
|
|
|-
| 2022
| "Stranger Love" (with Budjerah)
|
|
|-
| 2023
| "You Know What I Need" (with Troye Sivan)
|
|

ARIA Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by the Australian Recording Industry Association. They commenced in 1987. Pnau have won 3 awards from 17 nominations.

|-
| 2000
| Sambanova| rowspan="2" | Best Dance Release
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2008
| Pnau|
|-
| "Baby" (James Littlemore)
| Best Video
|
|-
| 2011
| Soft Universe| rowspan="2" | Best Dance Release
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2017
| rowspan="2"| "Chameleon"
|
|-
| Song of the Year
|
|-
| rowspan="7"| 2018
| Changa| Album of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan="4"| "Go Bang"
| Best Group
|
|-
| Best Dance Release
|
|-
| Best Independent Release
|
|-
| Song of the Year
|
|-
| Toby Pike and Nick Littlemore - Pnau "Go Bang"
| Best Video
|
|-
| Pnau Changa Australian Tour
| Best Australian Live Act
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2019
| "Solid Gold"
| Best Dance Release
|
|-
| Clemens Habicht - "Solid Gold"
| rowspan="2" | Best Video
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2020
| Imogen Grist, Nick Littlemore for "Lucky" (featuring Vlossom)
|
|-
| All of Us Australian Tour
| Best Australian Live Act
|
|-
| 2023
| " "You Know What I Need"" (with Troy Sivan)
| Best Dance/Electronic Release
|
|-

APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are held in Australia and New Zealand by the Australasian Performing Right Association to recognise songwriting skills, sales and airplay performance by its members annually.

|-
| rowspan="2"| 2018
| rowspan="2"| "Chameleon"
| Dance Work of the Year
|
|-
| Most Played Australian Work
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2019
| rowspan="2"| "Go Bang"
| Dance Work of the Year
|
|-
| Most Played Australian Work
|
|-
| 2020
| "Solid Gold"
| rowspan="3" | Most Performed Dance Work of the Year
|
|-
| 2021
| "All of Us" (featuring Ollie Gabriel)
|
|-
| 2022
| "River" (featuring Ladyhawke)
|
|-

J Award
The J Awards are an annual series of Australian music awards that were established by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's youth-focused radio station Triple J. They commenced in 2005.

|-
| 2007
|Pnau| Australian Album of the Year
|

MTV Europe Music Awards
The MTV Europe Music Awards is an award presented by Viacom International Media Networks to honour artists and music in pop culture.

|-
| 2017
| themselves
| Best Australian Act
|
|-

National Live Music Awards
The National Live Music Awards (NLMAs) commenced in 2016 to recognise contributions to the live music industry in Australia.

|-
| 2019
| Pnau
| Live Electronic Act (or DJ) of the Year
|
|-

Rolling Stone Australia Awards
The Rolling Stone Australia Awards are awarded annually in January or February by the Australian edition of Rolling Stone'' magazine for outstanding contributions to popular culture in the previous year.

!
|-
| 2022
| Pnau
| Rolling Stone Global Award
|
|
|-

Notes

References

External links

Pnau Interview with Alchemy, SBS Radio 2008-04-30
"Pnau and then", The Age, 17 October 2003
Discogs entry for Pnau
Video from the PNAU live in France for the before of the Trans Musicales festival
Review of Good Morning to the Night

1999 establishments in Australia
ARIA Award winners
Australian electronic music groups
Australian indie pop groups
Australian musical trios
Male musical duos
Musical groups established in 1999
Musical groups from Sydney
Sony Music artists
Australian DJs

Pnau


Walther Kaldewey (* 10. Dezember 1896 in Mönchengladbach; † 13. Januar 1954) war ein deutscher Psychiater, der als T4-Gutachter in die nationalsozialistischen Euthanasieverbrechen involviert war.

Leben
Kaldewey nahm im Rang eines Leutnants am Ersten Weltkrieg teil. Nach Kriegsende absolvierte er ein Studium der Medizin und promovierte an der Universität Berlin 1923 mit der Dissertation: Hirnpunktion bei Hirntumoren zum Dr. med. Kaldewey war 1930/31 als Assistent am Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Hirnforschung; Auseinandersetzungen mit Oskar Vogt sollen zu seiner Entlassung geführt haben.
Zunächst Assistenzarzt an der Provinzial-Heilanstalt Eickelborn, stieg er dort 1934 bis zum ärztlichen Direktor auf. Ab Oktober 1936 war er Direktor der Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Marsberg und wechselte im Dezember 1939 als Nachfolger Theodor Steinmeyers als Direktor an die Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Ellen in Bremen und bekleidete diese Funktion bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Angeblich auf Veranlassung durch die bremische Gesundheitsbehörde wurden Patienten aus Kaldeweys Klinik in Begleitung eines Oberarztes in die Tötungsanstalt Obrawalde/Meseritz deportiert.

Kaldewey war bereits 1931 der NSDAP beigetreten. Zudem gehörte er der SA an und stieg in dieser NS-Organisation bis zum Oberführer auf. Er war auch Mitglied des NS-Ärztebundes sowie der NSV und engagierte sich beim Amt für Volksgesundheit. Vom 28. Februar 1940 bis 29. Januar 1941 war Kaldewey an der Ermordung von Psychiatriepatienten als T4-Gutachter beteiligt. Er arbeitete auch an dem Entwurf zum nicht in Kraft getretenen Euthanasiegesetz mit.

Nach Kriegsende befand er sich bis 1948 in amerikanischer Internierung und wurde nach seiner Entlassung in einem Spruchkammerverfahren als Entlasteter entnazifiziert. Anschließend war er als niedergelassener Psychiater in Bremen tätig und bearbeitete zudem als Gutachter Renten- und Entschädigungsfragen. Als Fachgutachter versagte er den antragstellenden NS-Opfern größtenteils die Gewährung von Renten oder Entschädigungen oftmals mit der Begründung, dass bei den Begutachteten "seelische Bereicherungen durch KZ-Haft" und/oder "Rentenneurosen" vorliegen würden.

Literatur

 Ernst Klee: "Euthanasie" im NS-Staat. Die "Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens"; Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer Verlag, 1983, ISBN 3-10-039303-1.

Einzelnachweise

Psychiater
T4-Gutachter
NSDAP-Mitglied
SA-Mitglied
Mediziner (20. Jahrhundert)
Person im Ersten Weltkrieg (Deutsches Reich)
Deutscher
Geboren 1896
Gestorben 1954
Mann

Walther Kaldewey


TV Valente foi uma emissora de televisão brasileira sediada em Valente, cidade do estado da Bahia. Operava no canal 7 VHF analógico, e era afiliada à TVE Bahia e à TV Cultura. Pertencia à Associação de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Solidário da Região Sisaleira (APAEB) e à Associação Comunitária de Comunicação e Cultura Valente, esta última mantenedora da emissora de rádio comunitária Valente FM.

História
Em 2001, a APAEB cria o projeto TV Itinerante Valente. A iniciativa produzia reportagens em vídeo focadas no dia a dia do campo, exibidas por meio de telões instalados em praça pública na sede e na zona rural do município de Valente.

Em 2003, com apoio financeiro da organização não governamental belga Volens, o projeto se transformou em uma produtora responsável pela realização do Jornal de Valente, telejornal exibido na TV Cultura do Sertão, de Conceição do Coité, e produzido em parceria com a equipe da Valente FM.

No mesmo ano, a APAEB e a Associação Comunitária de Comunicação e Cultura Valente, responsável pela emissora de rádio, montam uma emissora de televisão local. Em setembro de 2003, entra no ar a TV Valente, pelo canal 7 VHF, retransmitindo a programação da TVE Bahia. O Jornal de Valente, por sua vez, passa a ser transmitido na nova emissora. Além do jornalístico, era exibido aos sábados o programa de variedades Alto Astral, apresentado por Peu Gordiano, que contava com apresentações de artistas locais.

Na manhã de 13 de junho de 2007, a TV Valente é retirada do ar devido a uma fiscalização de agentes da Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações (ANATEL), que ao constatarem a falta de autorização para operar, lacraram e apreenderam os equipamentos da emissora.

Após a TV Valente sair do ar, a APAEB ainda manteve a estrutura de produção dos programas como uma produtora audiovisual, e seguiu na tentativa de conseguir uma outorga para retomar as atividades de televisão aberta. A emissora, no entanto, nunca voltou ao ar.

Programas
Além de retransmitir a programação nacional da TV Cultura e estadual da TVE Bahia, a TV Valente produziu e exibiu os seguintes programas:

 Alto Astral
 Jornal de Valente

Equipe

Membros antigos

 Claudia Freire
 Glauco Wanderley
 Ilma Silva
 Jamilton Araújo
 Krivani Lopes
 Lívia Santos
 Peu Gordiano
 Toni Carvalho
 Tony Sampaio

Ver também

 Associação de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Solidário da Região Sisaleira
 TV Cultura
 TV Cultura do Sertão
 TV Educativa da Bahia

Bibliografia

Ligações externas

Canais de televisão da Bahia
Canais de televisão fundados em 2003
Canais de televisão extintos em 2007
Valente (Bahia)

TV Valente


Le terme « putois » est un nom vernaculaire ambigu en français, pouvant désigner plusieurs espèces différentes de mustélidés :
 le Putois des montagnes ou Belette de montagne () ;
 le Putois des steppes, Putois sibérien ou Putois d'Evermann () ;
 le Putois du Japon () ;
 le Putois à ventre jaune ou Belette à ventre jaune () ;
 le Putois vison ou Vison d'Europe () ;
 le Putois d'Indonésie () ;
 le Putois d'Amérique ou Putois aux pieds noirs () ;
 le Putois à pieds nus ou Belette malaise () ;
 le Putois, Putois d'Europe ou Putois commun () ;
 le Putois de Sibérie, Belette de Sibérie ou Vison de Sibérie () ;
 le Putois à dos rayé () ;
 le Putois vison, Vison d'Amérique ou Martre du Canada () ;
 le Putois congolais, Zorille à nuque blanche ou Pœcilogale () ;
 le Putois marbré ou Putois de Pologne ().

Articles connexes

Références

Carnivore (nom vernaculaire)
Mustelidae
Nom de carnivore ambigu

Putois (nom vernaculaire)


Tiran may refer to:

Places

Iran
 Tiran and Karvan County, county in Isfahan Province, Iran, with its capital Tiran
 Tiran, Iran, a city in Isfahan Province, Iran
 Tiran, Kerman, a village in Kerman Province, Iran
 Tiran, Lorestan, a village in Lorestan Province, Iran
 Tiran, Mazandaran, a village in Mazandaran Province, Iran
 Tiran, Razavi Khorasan, a village in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran

Red Sea
 Tiran Island, an island at the mouth of the Gulf of Aqaba formerly administered by Egypt, but now administered by Saudi Arabia following a peaceful transfer in 2017
 Straits of Tiran, The opening to the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea

Personal name
First name / given name
Tiran of Armenia, a 4th-century AD king of Armenia
Tiran Alles, Sri Lankan businessmen, politician and MP
Tiran Nersoyan (1904–1989), Armenian Apostolic Church clergyman, Patriarch-elect of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem briefly in 1957-1958
Tiran Porter (born 1948), American bass and guitar player, vocalist and composer, member of The Doobie Brothers

Family name
Itay Tiran (born 1980), Israeli stage and screen actor
Virgil Tiran, Chicago-based American real estate developer
Irena Yebuah Tiran (born 1974),  Slovenian mezzo-soprano opera singer of Ghana descent

Others
 Tiran tank, Israeli modification of T-54, T-55 and T-62 tanks

See also
Tirana, capital city of Albania
Tirano, Italian municipality in Lombardy
Diran (disambiguation)
Tigran (disambiguation)

Tiran


جنو لين إكس  أو لين إكس  هي توزيعة لينكس مبنية على دبيان وتستخدم جنوم كسطح مكتب. جنو لين إكس هو مبادرة من منطقة إكستريمادورا بأسبانيا. من المفترض للتوزيعة أن تستعمل في جميع مدارس إكستريمادورا بالإضافة إلى المؤسسات الرسمية ، ويتم الترويج لها لتستعمل في المنازل وفي الأعمال التجارية أيضاً. يعمل جنو لين إكس فقط على أجهزة الحاسوب التي تكون معالجاتها مبنية على معمارية i386.

مراجع

توزيعات معتمدة على دبيان
مشتقات أوبونتو

جنو لين إكس


فيلا الناضور   Sociedad Deportiva de Villa Nador    هو نادٍ رياضي مغربي من مدينة الناضور. تم إنشاؤه في الأربعينيات من طرف بعض المعمرين الإسبان المقيمين في مدينة الناضور التي كان يسميها الإسبان  فيلا الناضور. Sociedad Deportiva de Villa Nador والتي تعني بالعربية الجمعية الرياضية فيلا الناضور   لم يكن النادي الوحيد في المدينة، فقد كان هناك أيضا :

 نادي الناضور لكرة القدم Nador Fútbol club الذي تأسس سنة 1933، والذي كان أقدم  ناد لكرة القدم  في الناضور.
 ناد كرة القدم فيلا الناضور  Villa Nador Club de Fútbol الذي تأسس سنة 1942.
 نادي أتلتيكو الناضور    Club Atletico Nadorense Villa Nador   الذي تأسس سنة 1942.

مارست كل هذه الأندية في الأقسام الشرفية الإسبانية إلى  سنة 1956 وتم حل نادي  فيلا الناضور سنة 1958 كما أن الأندية الأخرى اختفت تدريجيا.

أندية كرة قدم في المغرب

نادي فيلا الناضور


Bethelkirken er en frikirke i Aalborg, der er medlem af Baptistkirken i Danmark. Menigheden blev oprettet i 1840 og fejrede i 2010 170-årsjubilæum.

Referencer

Eksterne links
 Officielt websted

Baptistkirker i Danmark
Kirker i Aalborg

Bethelkirken


Marko Blažić (Rijeka, 11. kolovoza 1999.), hrvatski je vaterpolist. Igra za  VK Primorje. Visok je 190 cm i težak 110 kg.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Marko Blažić na Instagramu
Marko Blažić na Facebooku

Hrvatski vaterpolisti

Marko Blažić


Adam er en dansk kortfilm fra 2000 instrueret af Morten Dalsgaard og efter manuskript af Jacob Wellendorf.

Handling
Med bibelske symboler set i et nutidigt univers gives en moderne version af syndefaldsmyten. En fortolkning, der med positive visioner om kundskabens mulighed, tager os alle med på en anderledes rejse fra Sorgenfri til Friheden.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2000

Adam (film)


Siegfried Rabe (* 12. Februar 1925 in Berlin; † 20. November 2013 in München) war ein deutscher Autor, Werbetexter, Produzent, Regisseur, Synchronautor und Dialogregisseur.

Leben
Siegfried Rabe diente als junger Mann im Zweiten Weltkrieg und geriet in russische Kriegsgefangenschaft. Nach dem Krieg begann Siegfried Rabe als Werbetexter bei Unilever und wurde schließlich selbstständiger Werbeberater. Später war er Programmdirektor der Werbetochter des Hessischen Rundfunks. Rabe führte bei den ersten Filmen mit versteckter Kamera Regie und gründete 1959 schließlich mit seinem Freund Willy Köhler eine Film- und Fernsehproduktion und die Werbeagentur Rhein-Main. Nach dem Tod Köhlers begann er als freier Autor, Regisseur und Produzent für ARD und ZDF zu arbeiten.

Dort begann er auch seine Tätigkeit in der Film- und Fernsehsynchronisation. Rabe verfasste die deutschen Dialoge für zahlreiche Fernsehserien wie Speedy Gonzales, Es war einmal … der Mensch, Tom und Jerry, Mein Name ist Drops, Kimba, der weiße Löwe, Ein Engel auf Erden, Golden Girls sowie die ersten drei, für das ZDF synchronisierten Staffeln der Erfolgsserie Die Simpsons. Oft übernahm er bei diesen Serien auch die Dialogregie. Für Alf schrieb er zusätzlich zu den Dialogen auch den deutschen Text zum Lied Hallo Alf, hier ist Ronda, das sich 1989 auch in den deutschen Charts platzieren konnte. Ebenso zeichnete er auch für die deutsche Fassung des Zeichentrick-Spin-offs Alf – Erinnerungen an Melmac verantwortlich. Für die 1978 erschienene Langspielplatte Stephan Sulke 3 – Andermann der konnte von Stephan Sulke, mit den Liedern für die ZDF-Fernsehserie Spiel mit Puppen, schrieb Rabe zusammen mit Stephan Sulke die Texte, geradeso wie für das Lied "Die Zeit" des Albums Stephan Sulke 4 aus dem Jahre 1979, stammt der Text aus der gemeinsamen Feder von Sulke und Rabe. 1985 half er nochmals Stephan Sulke mit den Texten bei sieben Titel seiner Platte Versöhnung. Auch der Text des Liedes "Vielen Dank für die Blumen", das als Titellied für die Zeichentrickserie Tom und Jerry eingesetzt wurde, entstand in Zusammenarbeit von Rabe mit Udo Jürgens.

Darüber hinaus verfasste Rabe auch Bücher über die von ihm betreuten Serien Alf und Golden Girls, für Sat.1 den Band TV-Hits sowie ein Reimlexikon. Rabe war Mitglied der Gesellschaft für musikalische Aufführungs- und mechanische Vervielfältigungsrechte (der GEMA) die ihm zu seinem 85. Geburtstag 2010, eine Laudatio widmete.

Werke
1988: Alles über Alf. Das große Interview und alle seine Sprüche von A bis Z im Melmac-ALF-A-BET. Loewe, Bindlach. ISBN 978-3-7855-2225-7
1989: TV-Hits, Hamburg: Edel Company. ISBN 978-3-927801-05-9
1990: Alf – Benimm dich richtig, Lingen.
1992: Golden Girls, München: Herbig. ISBN 978-3-7766-1742-9
2005: Loch im Zaun, Hamburg: Mein Buch. ISBN 978-3-86516-419-3
2006: Reimlexikon, München: Bassermann. ISBN 978-3-8094-1997-6

Literatur
 Herbert A. Frenzel, Hans Joachim Moser (Hrsg.): Kürschners biographisches Theater-Handbuch. Schauspiel, Oper, Film, Rundfunk. Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz. De Gruyter, Berlin 1956, , S. 383.

Weblinks

 Siegfried Rabes Filmografie auf fernsehserien.de

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Synchronautor
Synchronregisseur
Deutscher
Geboren 1925
Gestorben 2013
Mann

Siegfried Rabe