The Battle of the Lipari Islands or Battle of Lipara was a naval encounter fought in 260 BC during the First Punic War. A squadron of 20 Carthaginian ships commanded by Boödes surprised 17 Roman ships under the senior consul for the year Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio in Lipara Harbour. The inexperienced Romans made a poor showing, with all 17 of their ships captured, along with their commander.

The Romans had recently built a fleet in order to contest the Carthaginians' maritime control of the western Mediterranean and Scipio had impetuously ventured to the Liparas with the advance squadron. The battle was little more than a skirmish, but is notable as the first naval encounter of the Punic Wars and the first time Roman warships had engaged in battle. Scipio was ransomed after the battle and known thereafter as  (Latin for "female donkey"). The Romans went on to win the two, larger, naval encounters that followed and establish a rough sea-going parity.

Primary sources
The main source for almost every aspect of the First Punic War is the historian Polybius ( –  118 BC), a Greek sent to Rome in 167 BC as a hostage. His works include a now-lost manual on military tactics, but he is best known for his work The Histories, written sometime after 146 BC, or about a century after the battle. Polybius's work is considered broadly objective and largely neutral as between Carthaginian and Roman points of view.

Carthaginian written records were destroyed along with their capital, Carthage, in 146 BC and so Polybius's account of the First Punic War is based on several, now-lost, Greek and Latin sources. Polybius was an analytical historian and wherever possible personally interviewed participants in the events he wrote about. Only the first book of the 40 comprising The Histories deals with the First Punic War. The accuracy of Polybius's account has been much debated over the past 150 years, but the modern consensus is to accept it largely at face value, and the details of the battle in modern sources are almost entirely based on interpretations of Polybius's account. The modern historian Andrew Curry considers that "Polybius turns out to [be] fairly reliable"; while Dexter Hoyos describes him as "a remarkably well-informed, industrious, and insightful historian". Other, later, histories of the war exist, but in fragmentary or summary form, and they usually cover military operations on land in more detail than those at sea. Modern historians usually also take into account the later histories of Diodorus Siculus and Dio Cassius, although the classicist Adrian Goldsworthy states that "Polybius' account is usually to be preferred when it differs with any of our other accounts".

Other sources include inscriptions, archaeological evidence, and empirical evidence from reconstructions such as the trireme Olympias. Since 2010 a number of artefacts have been recovered from the site of the Battle of the Aegates, the final battle of the war, fought nineteen years later. Their analysis and the recovery of further items are ongoing.

Background

Operations in Sicily

The First Punic War between Carthage and Rome broke out in 264BC. Carthage was a well-established maritime power in the western Mediterranean; Rome had recently unified mainland Italy south of the River Arno under its control. The immediate cause of the war was control of the Sicilian town of Messana (modern Messina). More broadly both sides wished to control Syracuse, the most powerful city-state on Sicily. By 260 BC the war had lasted four years, and the Romans had pushed forward into Sicily, with a number of successes, including the capture of Agrigentum, an important Carthaginian base. However, the Carthaginian navy repeatedly raided the Romans' rear areas and even the coast of Italy. Their control of the sea also made it impossible for the Romans to successfully blockade those Carthaginian cities which were on the coast. The Carthaginians were engaging in their traditional policy of waiting for their opponents to wear themselves out, in the expectation of then regaining some or all of their possessions and negotiating a mutually satisfactory peace treaty.

Ships

During this war the standard warship was the quinquereme, meaning "five-oared". The quinquereme was a galley,   long,   wide at water level, with its deck standing   above the sea, and displacing around 100 long tons (110 short tons; 100 tonnes). The galley expert John Coates suggested they could maintain  for extended periods. The modern replica galley Olympias has achieved speeds of  and cruised at  for hours on end. Vessels were built as cataphract, or "protected", ships, with a closed hull and a full deck able to carry embarked legionaries as marines and catapults. They had a separate "oar box" attached to the main hull which contained the rowers. These features allowed the hull to be strengthened, increased carrying capacity and improved conditions for the rowers.

In 260 BC the Romans set out to construct a fleet and used a shipwrecked Carthaginian quinquereme as a blueprint for their own. As novice shipwrights, the Romans built copies that were heavier than the Carthaginian vessels, which made them slower and less manoeuvrable. The quinquereme was the workhorse of the Roman and Carthaginian fleets throughout the Punic Wars, so ubiquitous that Polybius uses it as a shorthand for "warship" in general. A quinquereme carried a crew of 300, of which 280 were oarsmen and 20 deck crew and officers; it would normally also carry a complement of 40 marines, and if battle was thought to be imminent, this would be increased to as many as 120.

Getting the oarsmen to row as a unit, as well as execute more complex battle manoeuvres, required long and arduous training. At least half of the oarsmen would need to have had some experience if the ship was to be handled effectively. As a result, the Romans were initially at a disadvantage against the more experienced Carthaginians. All warships were equipped with a ram, a triple set of  bronze blades weighing up to  positioned at the waterline. They were made individually by the lost-wax method to fit immovably to a galley's prow and secured with bronze spikes. In the century prior to the Punic Wars, boarding had become increasingly common and ramming had declined, as the larger and heavier vessels adopted in this period lacked the speed and manoeuvrability necessary to ram, while their sturdier construction reduced the ram's effect even in the case of a successful attack.

Battle
It was the long-standing Roman procedure to elect two men each year, known as consuls, to each lead their military forces. The patrician Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio, the year's senior consul, was given command of the fleet. He put to sea with the first 17 ships produced. As the first-ever Roman warships they spent some time training in home waters before sailing to Messana. There they prepared for the main fleet's arrival and supported the logistics of the Roman army at the sea crossing to Sicily.

While Scipio was at the Strait of Messina he received information that the garrison of the city of Lipara was willing to defect to the Roman side. Lipara was the main port of the Lipari Islands and was a constant threat to Roman communications across the Strait. Though his crews were still inexperienced and the newly designed and built ships were still undergoing their sea trials, the consul could not resist the temptation of conquering an important city without a fight and sailed to Lipara. It has been suggested by some ancient sources that the offer to surrender Lipara was a ruse inspired by Carthage to encourage the Romans to commit their ships where they could be ambushed, but the sources do not give much detail and are usually pro-Roman.

The Romans entered the harbour at Lipara. The Carthaginian fleet was commanded by Hannibal Gisco, the general who had commanded the garrison at Agrigentum, and was based at Panormus (modern-day Palermo) some  from Lipari. When he heard of the Romans' advance to Lipara he despatched 20 ships under Boödes, a Carthaginian aristocrat, to the town. The Carthaginians arrived at night and trapped the Romans in the harbour. Boödes led his ships in an attack on the Romans inside the harbour the next morning. Scipio's men offered little resistance. The inexperienced crews were no match for the well-drilled Carthaginians and were rapidly outfought. Some Romans panicked and fled inland and the consul himself was taken prisoner, along with many of the other Roman senior officers. Some later accounts have Scipio treacherously captured while parleying, but this is probably a Roman fabrication. All of the Roman ships were captured, most with little damage. The battle was little more than a skirmish, but is notable as the first naval encounter of the Punic Wars and the first time Roman warships had engaged in battle.

Aftermath

Scipio was later released, probably ransomed. His easy defeat earned him the pejorative cognomen , which means donkey in Latin. This cognomen was all the more insulting because "asina" was the feminine form of the word donkey, as opposed to the masculine form "asinus". In spite of this Scipio's career prospered and he was consul for a second time in 254 BC.

Shortly after the Lipara victory, Hannibal Gisco was scouting with 50 Carthaginian ships when he encountered the full Roman fleet. He escaped, but lost most of his ships. It was after this skirmish that the Romans installed the  on their ships. The  was a bridge  wide and  long, with a heavy spike on the underside, which was designed to pierce and anchor into an enemy ship's deck. This allowed marines to more easily board enemy ships and capture them.

Later the same year Scipio's fellow consul, Gaius Duilius, placed the Roman army units under subordinates and took command of the fleet. He promptly sailed, seeking battle. The two fleets met off the coast of Mylae in the Battle of Mylae. Hannibal Gisco had 130 ships, and the historian John Lazenby calculates that Duilius had approximately the same number. Using the  the Romans captured 50 Carthaginian vessels and dealt the Carthaginians a sharp defeat.

The war was to last for another 19 years before ending in a Carthaginian defeat and a negotiated peace. Thereafter Rome was the leading military power in the western Mediterranean, and increasingly the Mediterranean region as a whole. The Romans had built more than 1,000 galleys during the war, and this experience of building, manning, training, supplying, and maintaining such numbers of ships laid the foundation for Rome's maritime dominance for 600 years.

Notes, citations and sources

Notes

Citations

Sources

Further reading

Lipari Islands
Lipari Islands
the Lipari Islands
Lipari Islands
Lipari Islands
Lipari Islands
Battles in Sicily
Lipari Islands

Battle of the Lipari Islands


الحصة إحدى قرى مركز طوخ التابع لمحافظة القليوبية بجمهورية مصر العربية.

التاريخ
ذكرها علي مبارك في كتابه الخطط التوفيقية، حيث ذكر أنها قرية قديمة من قرى مديرية الغربية بقسم طوخ، وأن أهلها مسلمون مهنتهم الزراعة.

السكان
بلغ عدد سكان الحصة 11,681 نسمة، حسب الإحصاء الرسمي لعام 2006.

انظر أيضاً
قائمة قرى محافظة القليوبية

مصادر

قرى طوخ

الحصة


بلدية لا رومانا , هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة اليكانتي. جنوب شرق إسبانيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها 2.407 نسمة.

أعلام
 ألفارو غارسيا كانتو

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة لقنت
بلديات لقنت

لا رومانا (أليكانتي)


A NASCAR Cup Series de 2023 será a 75ª temporada das corridas profissionais de stock car da NASCAR, nos Estados Unidos e, a 52ª temporada da Cup Series da era moderna. A temporada começará com o Busch Light Clash no Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum em 5 de fevereiro Essa corrida será seguida pelos Duels da Daytona 500, que servirão como provas classificatórias para a 65ª corrida da Daytona 500 (a primeira corrida por pontos da temporada), em 19 de fevereiro, ambas no Daytona International Speedway . A temporada terminará com a NASCAR Cup Series Championship Race no Autódromo de Phoenix, em 5 de novembro.

Esta será a última temporada para o campeão de 2014 e piloto da Stewart-Haas Racing, Kevin Harvick, que anunciou seus planos de se aposentar no final da temporada em 12 de janeiro de 2023.

Equipes e pilotos

Equipes com charter e mudanças
Existem 36 equipes com charters na Cup Series. Estas são as 36 equipes que atualmente possuem os charters, licenças que garantem a vaga cativa no grid para o carro, não necessitando sofrer do perigo de não participar das provas eliminatórias. Até o momento, não houve mudanças nos charters anunciadas para 2023.

Equipes sem charter e mudanças

Times Part-time

Notícias e atualizações da Silly Season

Mudanças confirmadas

Equipes

 Em 3 de agosto de 2022, a 3F Racing, que será a primeira equipe da Alemanha a competir na NASCAR Cup Series, anunciou planos de correr part-time em 2022 começando no Roval de Charlotte. No entanto, o proprietário da equipe, Dennis Hirtz, anunciou que a estreia da equipe seria adiada para 2023, onde planeja participar de 10 corridas antes de correr full-time em 2024. O(s) piloto(s), patrocinadores e chefe da equipe ainda não foram anunciados.
 Em 25 de agosto de 2022, a Front Row Motorsports anunciou que Zane Smith dirigirá um terceiro carro part-time para a equipe em corridas selecionadas, incluindo a Daytona 500 .
 Bubba Wallace voltará para o carro nº 23 em 2023, depois de dirigir o carro nº 45 durante os playoffs de 2022 para competir pelo campeonato de carros, após o afastamento de Kurt Busch, por conta de uma concussão, a lesão o tirou das pistas pelo resto da temporada de 2022.
 Em 4 de novembro de 2022, o sete vezes campeão da NASCAR, Jimmie Johnson, comprou uma parte das ações na Petty GMS, que mais tarde foi renomeada como Legacy Motor Club. Ele fará corridas selecionadas em 2023, incluindo uma tentativa de chegar à Daytona 500 de 2023 .
 Em 12 de dezembro de 2022, Brett Griffin, que foi o spotter do carro nº 31 de Justin Haley em tempo integral em 2022, anunciou em seu podcast, "Door, Bumper, Clear", que não trabalharia em tempo integral em 2023, mas permaneceria com a Kaulig Racing para ser o spotter em corridas selecionadas em 2023, incluindo o Daytona 500, essencialmente revelando que a equipe colocaria um terceiro carro naquela corrida. Kaulig ainda não anunciou oficialmente que colocará um terceiro carro em tempo parcial na Cup Series em 2023. Em 10 de janeiro de 2023, a equipe da Kaulig tweetou uma imagem do nº 13 em sua fonte numérica, sinalizando que o número de seu terceiro carro da Cup Series part-time seria o nº 13. A MBM Motorsports usa o nº 13 na Xfinity Series, a única outra série em que Kaulig entra em campo, e o nº 13 não está sendo usado na Cup Series. Em 18 de janeiro, Kaulig anunciou que Chandler Smith tentará fazer sua estreia na Cup Series na Daytona 500 de 2023, dirigindo o carro nº 13. Ele também participará de quatro outras corridas, que incluem o NASCAR All-Star .
 Em 13 de janeiro de 2023, 23XI revelou em um tweet que colocaria um terceiro carro na Daytona 500. Mais tarde, naquele dia, Jordan Bianchi do The Athletic relatou que Travis Pastrana seria o piloto daquele carro. Em 17 de janeiro, foi anunciado que Pastrana dirigiria o carro nº 67 com patrocínio da Black Rifle Coffee Company . Eric Phillips será o chefe de equipe.

Pilotos

 Em 15 de julho de 2022, a Petty GMS Motorsports anunciou que Ty Dillon não voltaria ao No. 42 em 2023. Em 10 de agosto, Noah Gragson foi anunciado como substituto de Dillon.
 Depois de sofrer uma concussão na qualificação para a corrida de 2022 em Pocono, Kurt Busch anunciou em 15 de outubro que não correria em tempo integral em 2023. Tyler Reddick, que deveria se juntar à equipe em 2024, deixará a Richard Childress Racing um ano antes e substituirá Kurt no nº 45. Depois que sua mudança para 23XI para 2024 foi anunciada, Reddick voltaria ao RCR por mais um ano, mas foi comprado em seu último ano de contrato para substituir Kurt no No. 45 em 2023. (Busch tem um contrato de múltiplos anos com a 23XI e permanecerá com a equipe como consultor e poderá dirigir part-time para a equipe assim que for liberado para correr novamente. )
 Em 26 de agosto de 2022, embora Almirola tenha anunciado que se aposentaria das pistas em tempo integral, após a temporada de 2022, ele anunciou que assinou um contrato de múltiplos anos com a SHR, retardando sua aposentadoria.
 Após meses de rumores e especulações sobre seus planos para 2023 e negociações de contrato com Joe Gibbs Racing, Kyle Busch anunciou que deixaria a JGR e ingressaria na Richard Childress Racing a partir de 2023 em um contrato de múltiplos anos. Busch substituirá Tyler Reddick, que foi originalmente anunciado para dirigir um terceiro carro RCR em 2023 antes de partir para a 23XI Racing em 2024, mas após a decisão de Kurt Busch de não correr em tempo integral após sua concussão, o contrato de Reddick foi comprado pela 23XI Racing, permitindo que ele fosse para a 23XI um ano antes.
 Em 15 de novembro de 2022, foi anunciado que Ty Gibbs substituiria Busch e o carro seria renumerado para o nº 54, o número que Gibbs usou na Xfinity Series. O chefe de equipe da Xfinity Series de Gibbs, Chris Gayle, também passará para a Cup Series, substituindo Ben Beshore.
 Em 3 de outubro de 2022, a proprietária da Beard Motorsports, Linda Beard, disse a Dustin Albino da Jayski que a equipe entrará no Daytona 500 de 2023. Noah Gragson não voltará a este carro em 2023, pois dirigirá o carro Petty GMS nº 42 em tempo integral. Em 28 de outubro, a equipe anunciou que Austin Hill, que pilota em tempo integral pela Richard Childress Racing na Xfinity Series, iria pilotar o carro em seis corridas (tanto em Daytona quanto em Talladega, Circuito de rua de Chicago e Michigan) em 2023.
 Em 3 de outubro de 2022, Jordan Bianchi do The Athletic relatou em 3 de outubro que AJ Allmendinger, que dirigiu este carro part-time, bem como o carro nº 16 da Xfinity Series de Kaulig em tempo integral, dirigiria o carro nº 16 da Cup Series, em tempo integral em 2023. Será sua primeira temporada completa na Cup Series desde 2018 . Em 5 de outubro, Allmendinger foi oficialmente anunciado como o piloto em tempo integral do No. 16. Matt Swiderski retornará como chefe de equipe.
 Em 16 de novembro de 2022, a Stewart-Haas Racing anunciou que Ryan Preece substituirá Cole Custer no nº 41 em 2023, enquanto Custer voltará para a Xfinity Series.
 Em 12 de dezembro de 2022, Josh Bilicki foi anunciado para dirigir o nº 78 por algumas corridas.
 Em 31 de janeiro de 2023, Rick Ware Racing anunciou que Riley Herbst havia assinado para dirigir o No. 15 no Daytona 500 de 2023.

Chefes de equipe

 Em 26 de agosto de 2022, Greg Ives, chefe de equipe do Hendrick Motorsports No. 48, dirigido por Alex Bowman, anunciou que deixaria o cargo para passar mais tempo com sua família. Em 14 de outubro, Blake Harris, que era o chefe da equipe do carro nº 34 da Front Row Motorsports em 2022, foi anunciado para substituir Ives como chefe de equipe de Bowman.
 Em 2 de setembro de 2022, Justin Alexander, chefe de equipe do Richard Childress Racing No. 3, dirigido por Austin Dillon, anunciou que deixaria o cargo. Em 28 de outubro, a RCR anunciou que Keith Rodden, que foi o chefe de equipe de Jamie McMurray, na Chip Ganassi Racing entre 2014 a 2017 e depois de Kasey Kahne na Hendrick Motorsports, seria o novo chefe da equipe de Dillon em 2023.
 Em 25 de outubro de 2022, o chefe de equipe da Xfinity Series de Noah Gragson, Luke Lambert, foi anunciado para mudar de JR Motorsports para Petty GMS (mais tarde renomeado como Legacy Motor Club ) em seu carro nº 42.
 Em 9 de novembro de 2022, foi anunciado que Brian Pattie partiria para a Kyle Busch Motorsports para chefiar a equipe da picape nº 51 na NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series . Mike Kelley foi anunciado como o novo chefe de equipe do No. 47.
 Em 16 de novembro de 2022, a Stewart-Haas Racing anunciou que Chad Johnston substituiria Mike Shiplett como chefe de equipe de seu carro nº 41. Johnston foi anteriormente o chefe de equipe da picape nº 17 da David Gilliland Racing (agora TRICON Garage) na Truck Series, onde trabalhou com vários pilotos, incluindo Preece. Johnston está voltando para SHR, tendo trabalhado anteriormente para a equipe como chefe de equipe de seu carro nº 14 em 2014 e 2015, quando era dirigido pelo coproprietário da equipe, Tony Stewart .
 Em 23 de novembro de 2022, a Front Row Motorsports anunciou que Travis Peterson, que era o engenheiro e chefe de equipe interino do carro nº 17 RFK em 2022, será o novo chefe de equipe do carro nº 34, substituindo Blake Harris, que partiu para a Hendrick Motorsports para ser o novo chefe de equipe do carro nº 48. Ryan Bergenty, que era o chefe de equipe de McDowell, será o novo chefe de equipe do carro nº 38, substituindo Seth Barbour, chefe de equipe daquele carro em 2022, que foi promovido a diretor técnico da FRM.
 Em 23 de janeiro de 2023, o Legacy Motor Club anunciou que Todd Gordon seria o chefe da equipe do carro nº 84 de Jimmie Johnson .

Montadoras

 Em 28 de novembro de 2022, a Rick Ware Racing anunciou que teria uma aliança técnica com a RFK Racing começando em 2023, encerrando sua aliança com a Stewart-Haas Racing que durou por um ano, em 2022.
 A Live Fast Motorsports anunciou em 1º de dezembro de 2022 que mudaria da Ford para a Chevrolet e adquiriria motores da ECR Engines .

Patrocinadores

 Em 20 de dezembro de 2021, o patrocinador principal do carro Joe Gibbs Racing No. 18 M&M's e a controladora Mars, Incorporated anunciaram que deixariam a NASCAR e não retornariam para 2023 A JGR não conseguiu encontrar um patrocinador substituto. (Um acordo com a Oracle Corporation fracassou. )  Como resultado, o piloto Kyle Busch trocou a JGR pela Richard Childress Racing e foi substituído por Ty Gibbs, que trouxe o patrocínio da Monster Energy, que o patrocinou nas séries Xfinity e ARCA. Eles o patrocinarão na Cup Series com uma "forte presença".
 Em 4 de janeiro de 2023, foi revelado que Adrenaline Shoc (A SHOC Energy), que havia patrocinado o carro nº 9 por 2 corridas em cada um dos últimos 2 anos, não retornará como patrocinador em 2023.
 Em 16 de janeiro de 2023, Richard Childress Racing anunciou que a Netspend, uma empresa de soluções financeiras, patrocinará o No. 8 para a corrida COTA e corridas selecionadas em 2023.
 Em 31 de janeiro de 2023, a SunnyD foi anunciada como patrocinadora do Rick Ware Racing No. 15 dirigido por Riley Herbst no Daytona 500 de 2023 . Além disso, a marca de suco de laranja patrocinará a Stewart-Haas Racing No. 4 pilotada por Kevin Harvick em Darlington e a corrida de playoffs do Kansas .

Mudanças potenciais e rumores

Equipes

 Em 9 de outubro de 2021, quando foi anunciado que a Team Hezeberg estrearia na Cup Series part-time, com o carro nº 27 em 2022, a equipe afirmou que esperava colocar o carro em tempo integral em 2023. Em fevereiro de 2023, a equipe ainda tem de reafirmar esse plano.
 Em 20 de junho de 2022, Cody Efaw, gerente geral da Niece Motorsports, afirmou que a equipe poderia se expandir para a Cup Series em 2023. Eles provavelmente colocariam um carro part-time. Efaw afirmou que gostaria que Carson Hocevar, um dos pilotos da Truck Series full-time da própia Niece, dirigisse pela equipe na Cup Series.
 Em 25 de junho de 2022, Dale Earnhardt Jr. afirmou em um episódio de "The Dale Jr. Download" que sua equipe da Xfinity Series, JR Motorsports, pode se expandir para a Cup Series. Em 28 de junho, o co-proprietário da JRM, Kelley Earnhardt Miller, afirmou na "SiriusXM NASCAR Radio" que se JRM estreasse na Cup Series, a equipe provavelmente colocaria apenas um carro part-time em 2023 antes de correr em tempo integral em algum momento no futuro.
 Em 11 de outubro de 2022, o membro do Hall da Fama da NFL , Tim Brown, revelou no podcast The Bag with Rashad Jennings e Lindsay McCormick que está pensando em entrar na NASCAR como proprietário de uma equipe. Ele deveria começar uma equipe nos anos 2000 que teria uma aliança com o que era então conhecido como Roush Fenway Racing, mas o negócio veio à terra após a Grande Recessão .
 Em 30 de novembro de 2022, Adam Stern, do Sports Business Journal, relatou que Phyllis Newhouse, fundadora da empresa de segurança cibernética Xtreme Solutions, está pensando em entrar na NASCAR como proprietária de uma equipe. Ela se tornaria a primeira mulher afro-americana a possuir uma equipe da NASCAR.

Pilotos

 Em 16 de junho de 2022, Brodie Kostecki, que compete no Repco Supercars Championship na Austrália e já dirigiu, no que é agora a ARCA Menards Series East em 2013 e 2014, manifestou interesse em retornar à NASCAR e fazer sua estreia na Cup Series em 2023. Kostecki pode ser candidato ao carro Trackhouse nº 91, pois atende aos critérios do programa Project91 da equipe: ser um piloto internacional (Austrália) de outra série de corridas (Supercars).
 Em 18 de junho de 2022, após vencer a corrida Superstar Racing Experience (SRX) no Five Flags Speedway, Hélio Castroneves afirmou que Don Hawk, o CEO da SRX, tentaria arranjar um assento para ele na Daytona 500 caso ganhasse uma corrida na SRX. Seria a estreia do quatro vezes vencedor das 500 Milhas de Indianápolis na NASCAR. Naquela época, o carro Trackhouse nº 91 era visto como o carro mais provável que Castroneves poderia pilotar na corrida, pois atendia aos critérios do programa Project91 da equipe: ser um piloto internacional (Brasil) de outra categoria de corrida (IndyCar). . Em 26 de setembro, o piloto do Supercars Championship Shane van Gisbergen revelou que estava em negociações com a Trackhouse para fazer uma participação especial na Cup Series em 2023. Em 22 de novembro, Adam Stern do Sports Business Journal twittou que Castroneves era um candidato para dirigir o carro No. 91 e o carro The Money Team Racing No. 50, em uma entrevista com TobyChristie.com em 5 de dezembro que a equipe havia conversado com Castroneves sobre a possibilidade de pilotar para eles na Daytona 500. Em 26 de janeiro de 2023, Castroneves afirmou que não tentaria se classificar para o Daytona 500 em 2023.
 Em 27 de julho de 2022, Daniil Kvyat afirmou que gostaria de se concentrar em competir na NASCAR depois de ter feito sua estreia com o Team Hezeberg no Verizon 200 2022 no Brickyard, ao invés de retornar à Fórmula 1 ou outras séries de corrida na Europa. (Kvyat é da Rússia e veio para os Estados Unidos após a invasão russa da Ucrânia em 2022 . ) Ele anunciou que fará temporada completa no WEC, com a PREMA, o que mina qualquer chance de temporada completa na NASCAR.
 Em 5 de dezembro de 2022, o coproprietário do The Money Team, Willy Auchmoody, revelou a TobyChristie.com que o carro nº 50 fará, pelo menos, seis corridas em 2023 com Conor Daly, que dirigiu pela equipe no Charlotte Roval em 2022, retornando para dirigir para a equipe em pelo menos algumas dessas corridas. A TMT conversou com Hélio Castroneves sobre a possibilidade de pilotar pela equipe na Daytona 500, embora o acordo não tenha sido finalizado. Em 26 de janeiro de 2023, Adam Stern do Sports Business Journal informou que Daly poderia dirigir o carro na Daytona 500 após Hélio Castroneves, que era visto como o favorito daquele carro na corrida, decidiu não participar do evento.
 Em 26 de janeiro de 2023, Casey Mears afirmou que gostaria de retornar à Cup Series para atingir o total de 500 largadas na série. Ele atualmente tem 489 largadas e precisaria correr mais 11 corridas para chegar a 500. Mears, que correu em tempo integral na Cup Series de 2003 a 2009 e 2011 a 2016, correu pela última vez na NASCAR e na Cup Series em 2019. O carro Legacy Motor Club No. 84, é considerado como um destino possível para Mears, equipe que é co-proprietariada por seu companheiro de equipe na Hendrick em 2007 e 2008, Jimmie Johnson.

Mudanças de regulamento

 Espera-se que a NASCAR estreie um pacote de "clima chuvoso" para pistas curtas em 2023, em resposta aos atrasos da chuva. O pacote consistirá em um limpador de para-brisa, abas atrás das rodas, lanternas traseiras e pneus de chuva.
 Devido a questões de segurança da temporada de 2022, com os pilotos sofrendo concussões e sentindo-se doloridos devido a colisões traseiras, a NASCAR fez alterações na estrutura traseira do Next Gen para 2023 para criar uma zona de deformação maior, na esperança de evitar a energia desses impactos afetem o motorista. O ajuste também inclui pequenas mudanças na seção central do carro.

Calendário
O calendário de 2023 foi divulgado em 14 de setembro de 2022. A Daytona 500 de 2023 será realizada no domingo, 19 de fevereiro. O final da temporada será em Phoenix Raceway novamente em 2023 durante o primeiro fim de semana de novembro. O Busch Light Clash retornará ao Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum pelo segundo ano consecutivo e a corrida será realizada em 5 de fevereiro, que novamente é uma semana antes do Super Bowl e duas semanas antes da Daytona 500 .

Mudanças no calendário

Curso de rua de Chicago
Depois que a NASCAR usou uma pista nas ruas de Chicago no eNASCAR iRacing Pro Invitational Series 2021, especulou-se que a NASCAR gostaria de torná-lo realidade e ter uma corrida de rua em Chicago na programação da Cup Series no futuro. Em 7 de julho de 2022, Jordan Bianchi do The Athletic informou que um anúncio oficial de que isso seria adicionado à programação da Cup Series viria em 19 de julho Em 17 de junho, Adam Stern, do Sports Business Journal, sugeriu que o Circuito de Rua de Chicago poderia substituir a pista de Road America na programação da Cup Series de 2023, já que a corrida de rua provavelmente substituiria uma das corridas de circuito misto e Road America não tinha contrato para ter um Corrida na Cup Series em 2023. Tanto a adição da corrida de rua de Chicago ao cronograma quanto o fato de substituir a corrida de Road America ocorreram em 19 de julho

All-Star da NASCAR
Em 24 de junho de 2022, Adam Stern também relatou que a Fox Sports, que detém os direitos de TV da All-Star Race, tem tentado convencer a NASCAR e a Speedway Motorsports a mover a NASCAR All-Star Race para um local diferente a cada ano, como é o caso de outros esportes. Após a corrida All-Star de 2022 no Texas Motor Speedway, que foi amplamente considerada entediante e ruim pelos fãs e pela indústria, a pista twittou que sediaria a corrida All-Star novamente em 2023. No entanto, o tweet foi excluído em meio a reações negativas ao anúncio, levando a especulações de que os planos poderiam mudar. Em 7 de setembro, foi revelado que a corrida All-Star acontecerá no renovado North Wilkesboro Speedway . Seria a primeira corrida da NASCAR Cup na pista desde 1996, depois que suas datas foram substituídas por corridas no Texas Motor Speedway e New Hampshire Motor Speedway em 1997.

Autotrader EchoPark Automotive 400
Em 2 de janeiro de 2023, thespun.com informou que o Autotrader EchoPark Automotive 500, no Texas Motor Speedway será reduzido para 400 milhas. O artigo afirma que é uma tentativa geral da NASCAR de reduzir os tempos de corrida, de modo que fiquem mais próximos de 2,5 horas do que das 3,5 a 4 horas normais, e porque nenhum fã aguenta ver 500 milhas no Texas.

2023 no automobilismo
Temporadas da NASCAR Cup Series

NASCAR Cup Series de 2023


Kühnhardt am Schlegel ist ein Gemeindeteil der Stadt Feuchtwangen im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geografie
Das Dorf liegt im Wörnitzbecken am Lachengraben und Kühnhardter Mühlgraben, beides rechte Zuflüsse der Wörnitz. 0,5 km westlich erhebt sich der Geißberg, 0,75 km südlich liegt das Fuchsbauholz auf der Pfaffenklinge. Die Kreisstraße AN 40 führt nach Seiderzell (0,9 km nordwestlich) bzw. zur AN 5 bei Larrieden (3 km südöstlich). Gemeindeverbindungsstraßen verlaufen nach Mosbach ebenfalls zur AN 5 (1,2 km nordöstlich) und nach Hohenkreßberg (2,5 km südwestlich).

Geschichte
Der Ort wurde im 14. Jahrhundert als "Köhnhardt" und "Kenhardt" erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Der Ortsname bedeutet Föhrenwald. Orte, deren Namen auf Baumnamen hinweisen, sind in der Stauferzeit gegründete Rodungsorte. Kühnhardt ist also ein Urort, darauf deutet auch der zweite Teil des Ortsnamens "hardt". Die "hart"-Orte wurden meist aus der Allmende gerodet, also dem Land, das der Allgemeinheit gehörte und von ihr genutzt wurde.

In Kühnhardt wurden viele Grundstücke und ganze Bauernhöfe verkauft oder dem Feuchtwanger Kloster geschenkt. Verkäufer und Schenker waren Lehnsherren aus Dinkelsbühl, Rothenburg und Crailsheim. Die ortsansässigen Bauern waren Leibeigene und hatten beim Verkauf ihrer Lehensgüter nichts zu bestimmen.

Kühnhardt am Schlegel lag im Fraischbezirk des ansbachischen Oberamtes Feuchtwangen. 1732 gab es 23 Anwesen und 1 Gemeindehirtenhaus. Grundherren waren das Stiftsverwalteramt Feuchtwangen (1 Mahlmühle, 3 Güter), das Stadtvogteiamt Feuchtwangen (2 Halbhöfe, 1 Gut, 1 Gut mit Backrecht), das Kastenamt Feuchtwangen (1 Gut), die Gemeinde Kühnhardt: 1 Wirtschaft, das Kastenamt Crailsheim (1 Anwesen), die Schulpflege Crailsheim (1 Anwesen), die Reichsstadt Dinkelsbühl (4 Höfe, 6 Gütlein) und die Reichsstadt Rothenburg (1 Hof). Gegen Ende des Alten Reiches bestand Kühnhardt aus 22 Anwesen. Von 1797 bis 1808 unterstand der Ort dem Justiz- und Kammeramt Feuchtwangen.

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt (frühes 19. Jahrhundert) wurde Kühnhardt am Schlegel dem Steuerdistrikt und der Ruralgemeinde Mosbach zugeordnet.

1936 wurde in Kühnhardt das Wasserleitungsnetz eingerichtet, 1950 die Kanalisation verlegt. Danach wurden die Straßen im Dorf, sowie nach Mosbach und Seiderzell, asphaltiert.

Am 1. Januar 1972 wurde Kühnhardt am Schlegel im Zuge der Gebietsreform nach Feuchtwangen eingemeindet.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Michael (Mosbach) gepfarrt. Die Einwohner römisch-katholischer Konfession sind nach St. Ulrich und Afra (Feuchtwangen) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Feuchtwangen)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Dorf
Ersterwähnung im 14. Jahrhundert

Kühnhardt am Schlegel


U fizikalnoj kozmologiji, dob svemira je vrijeme proteklo od Velikog praska. Trenutačno mjerenje doba svemira iznosi 13.799 ± 0.021 milijardi () godina unutar modela Lambda-CDM. Nesigurnost je sužena na 21 milijun godina, temeljena na nizu projekata koji pružaju iznimno bliske brojke za starost. To uključuje istraživanje mikrovalnog pozadinskog zračenja i mjerenja rađena satelitom Planck, Wilkinsonovoj mikrovalnoj anizotropnoj sondi i drugim sondama. Mjerenja kozmičkog pozadinskog zračenja daju vrijeme hlađenja svemira od Velikog praska, a mjerenja brzine ekspanzije svemira mogu se koristiti za izračunavanje približne dobi ekstrapolacijom unatrag u vremenu.

Objašnjenje
Lambda-CDM model konkordancije opisuje evoluciju svemira iz vrlo ujednačenog, vrućeg, gustog  praiskonskog stanja do sadašnjeg stanja u rasponu od oko 13,8 milijardi godina kozmološkog vremena. Ovaj je model dobro poznat teoretski i snažno podržan nedavnim astronomskim promatranjima visoke preciznosti kao što je WMAP. Nasuprot tome, teorije o porijeklu prvimarnog stanja ostaju vrlo spekulativne. Ako netko ekstrapolira Lambda-CDM model unatrag od najranijih dobro razumljivih stanja, brzo (unutar malog dijela sekunde) dosegne singularnost nazvanu "Big Bang singularity (Singularnost velikog praska)". Ova singularnost se ne uzima kao fizički značajna u uobičajenom smislu, ali je prikladno citirati vremena izmjerena "od Velikog praska" iako ne odgovaraju fizikalno mjerljivom vremenu. Na primjer, " sekundi nakon Velikog Praska" je dobro definirana era u evoluciji svemira. Ako bi se o istom vremenu govorilo kao "prije 13,8 milijardi godina minus  sekundi", preciznost bi izgubila smisao jer se minijaturnost posljednjeg vremenskog intervala gubi u nesigurnosti u veličini prvog.

Iako svemir u teoriji može imati dulju povijest, Međunarodna astronomska zajednica trenutačno koristi "dob svemira" kako bi značilo trajanje ekspanzije Lambda-CDM ili ekvivalentno proteklo vrijeme od Velikog praska u sadašnjem promatranom svemiru.

Opservacijska ograničenja
Budući da svemir mora biti barem star, kao i najstarije stvari u njemu, postoji niz opažanja koja donose donju granicu dobi svemira; to uključuje temperaturu najhladnijih bijelih patuljaka, koji postupno postaju hladniji sa starošću, i najtamnije točke gašenja glavnih zvijezda u klasterima (zvijezde nižih masa troše veću količinu vremena na glavnom slijedu, tako da zvijezde najniže mase koji su se razvili izvan glavne sekvence postavljaju minimalnu dob).

Kozmološki parametri

Problem određivanja dobi svemira usko je vezan uz problem određivanja vrijednosti kozmoloških parametara. Danas se to uglavnom provodi u kontekstu modela ΛCDM, gdje pretpostavlja da svemir sadrži normalnu (barionsku) materiju, hladnu tamnu materiju, zračenje (uključujući i fotone i neutrine) i kozmološku konstantu. Frakcijski doprinos svake na trenutnu gustoću energije svemira daje se parametrima gustoće Ωm, Ωr i ΩΛ. Puni model ΛCDM je opisan brojni drugim parametrima, no za potrebe računanja dobi ova tri, zajedno s Hubbleovim parametrom , su najvažnija.

Ako netko ima točna mjerenja tih parametara, tada se dob svemir može odrediti pomoću Friedmannove jednadžbe. Ova jednadžba odnosi se na stopu promjene faktora a (t) na materijalni sadržaj svemira. Okretanjem tog odnosa možemo izračunati promjenu u vremenu po promjeni faktora skale i tako izračunati ukupnu dob svemira integrirajući ovu formulu. Starost  je tada dana izrazom oblika) gdje je H_ {0} Hubbleov parametar, a funkcija F ovisi samo o frakcijskom doprinosu energijskom sadržaju svemira koji potječe od različitih komponenti. Prvo opažanje koje se može dobiti iz ove formule jest to da je Hubbleov parametar koji kontrolira doba svemira s korekcijom koja proizlazi iz materije i energije. Dakle, gruba procjena doba svemira proizlazi iz Hubbleovog vremena, inverzije Hubbleovog parametra. S vrijednošću za  oko 68 km / s / Mpc, Hubbleovo vrijeme procjenjuje se na 1 /  = 14,4 milijardi godina.

Da biste dobili točniji broj, mora se izračunati faktor ispravka F. Obično se to mora učiniti numerički, a rezultati na nizu vrijednosti kozmoloških parametara prikazani su na slici. Za Planckove vrijednosti (Ωm, ΩΛ) = (0.3086, 0.6914), prikazanoj kutijom u gornjem lijevom kutu slike, ovaj korekcijski faktor je oko F = 0.956. Za ravni svemir bez ikakve kozmološke konstante, prikazan zvijezdom u donjem desnom kutu, F = 2/3 je mnogo manji, pa je svemir mlađi zbog fiksne vrijednosti Hubbleovog parametra. Da bi se ova brojka, Ωr održava konstantna (otprilike jednaka održavanju konstantne temperature CMB) i parametar gustoće zakrivljenosti je fiksiran za vrijednost ostalih tri.

Osim Planck satelita, Wilkinsonova mikrovalna anizotropna sonda (WMAP) je bila instrumentalna u uspostavljanju točne dobi svemira, iako se druga mjerenja moraju presavijati da bi dobili točan broj. CMB mjerenja su vrlo dobra pri ograničavanju sadržaja materije Ωm i parametar zakrivljenosti Ωk. Nije baš tako osjetljiva na ΩΛ izravno, dijelom zato što kozmološka konstanta postaje važna samo pri niskom crvenom prebacivanju. Najtočnije odrednice Hubbleovog parametra  dolaze iz supernova tipa Ia. Kombiniranje ovih mjerenja dovodi do opće prihvaćene vrijednosti za dob u svemiru koji je gore naveden.

Kozmološka konstanta čini svemir "starijima" za fiksne vrijednosti ostalih parametara. Ovo je značajno jer je prije nego što je kozmološka konstanta postala općeprihvaćena, model Velikog Praska imao je poteškoća objasniti zašto su kuglaste nakupine u Mliječnom putu bile daleko starije od doba svemira izračunate iz Hubbleovog parametra i samo materijalnog svemira, Uvođenje kozmološke konstante omogućuje da svemir bude stariji od ovih klastera, kao i objašnjavanje drugih značajki koje samo kozmički model ne može.

Izvori

Fizikalna kozmologija
Veliki prasak
Kozmogonija

Starost svemira


Hekim, tıp alanında uzmanlık veya doktora çalışmalarını tamamlamış tabiplere verilen unvandır.

Hekim şu anlamlara da gelebilir:
 Hekim Adası, İzmir ilinde bulunan ada
 Hekim, Manyas, Balıkesir ili Manyas ilçesine bağlı mahalle

Hekim (anlam ayrımı)


Jana Cieslarová (* 6. Juni 1971 in Třinec) ist eine ehemalige tschechische Orientierungsläuferin. 1991 war sie Kurzdistanzweltmeisterin.

Cieslarová, die für den Klub TJ TŽ Třinec in ihrer Heimatstadt Třinec im Osten Tschechiens lief, startete 1989 in Schweden als amtierende Vizeeuropameisterin bei den Junioren bei ihren ersten Weltmeisterschaften. Im Einzel belegte sie den 17. Rang, während sie mit Petra Wágnerová, Ada Kuchařová und Jana Galíková in der tschechoslowakischen Staffel den zweiten Rang hinter der Mannschaft Schwedens belegte. Bei den Heim-Weltmeisterschaften 1991 in Mariánské Lázně gewann Cieslarová die Goldmedaille auf dem neu eingeführten Kurzdistanzwettbewerb. Auf der Langdistanz verpasste sie eine Medaille knapp, mit der tschechoslowakischen Mannschaft gewann sie Bronze. Die Weltcupsaison 1992 beendete sie auf dem zweiten Platz. 1993 und 1995 war sie Teil der tschechischen Staffel, die bei beiden Weltmeisterschaften Bronze gewann.

Bei nationalen Meisterschaften gewann sie über 40 Titel. Sie startete auch bei den Ski-Orientierungslauf-Weltmeisterschaften 1994 und belegte dabei in beiden Einzelrennen den zwölften Platz sowie Platz sechs mit der Staffel.

Platzierungen

Weblinks
 Jana Cieslarová World of O Runners
 Jana Cieslarova Profil der Park World Tour

Weltmeister (Orientierungslauf)
Orientierungsläufer (Tschechoslowakei)
Orientierungsläufer (Tschechien)
Ski-Orientierungsläufer (Tschechien)
Tschechischer Meister (Orientierungslauf)
Tschechoslowake
Tscheche
Geboren 1971
Frau

Jana Cieslarová


Sandra Ann Lauer, sahne adıyla sadece Sandra, (d. 18 Mayıs 1962) Alman pop şarkıcısı. 1980'ler Avrupası popüler kültüründe etkili olan ve Euro-Beat akımının başını çeken solistlerdendir. Müzik dünyasında Sandra olarak tanınan müzisyen, aynı zamanda prodüktörü de olan eski eşi Michael Cretu'nun sonradan şöhret sahibi olması sonucu, ondan aldığı soyadı ile de anılmaya başlanmıştır. Halen çocukları ile birlikte İbiza'daki yaşamına devam eden Sandra; Almanya ve Rusya'nın yanı sıra İskandinavya, Doğu Avrupa ile çeşitli Asya ülkelerinde popüler olan bir şarkıcıdır. Sandra, 2007 Kasım'ında "kişisel ve profesyonel farklılıklar" sebebiyle Michael Cretu'dan ayrılmıştır.

İlk yılları ve Arabesque (1962-1984)
Doğum adı Sandra Ann Lauer olan Sandra, 18 Mayıs 1962 tarihinde Almanya'nın Saarbrücken şehrinde, Fransız bir babayla Alman bir anneden dünyaya geldi. 1976'da 12 yaşındayken katıldığı bir yetenek yarışmasını kazanarak "Andy Mein Freund" adlı ilk 45'liğini çıkardı. 1979 ve 1984 yılları arasında Jasmin Michaela Rose, Heike Rimbeau, Karen Ann Tepperis, Mary Ann Nagel, Elke Brückheimer, Jasmine Elizabeth Vetter gibi çeşitli müzisyenlerin yer aldığı Arabesque topluluğuyla adını duyurdu. Topluluk Avrupalı olmasına rağmen, Japonya'da yakaladığı şöhret, yine Avrupalı olan ABBA'nın Avrupa'da yakaladığı şöhretle eşdeğerdi. Arabesque Japonya'da 15 LP ve 30 single çıkarmıştı.

1984-1988
1984 yılında Arabesque'in dağılmasıyla birlikte, Sandra kariyerine solo olarak devam etme kararı aldı. Bu dönemde zamanın hit gruplarından Moti Special'ın da üyesi olan piyanist ve pop Müzik prodüktörü Michael Cretu ile tanıştı ve duygusal yakınlık kurdu. Cretu'nun yanı sıra Hubert Kah ve Frank Peterson'dan da oluşan bir ekiple çalışmaya başladı. İkinci solo girişimini, Alphaville'in en kült şarkısı "Big in Japan"i Almanca yorumladığı "Japan ist Weit" 45'liğiyle yaptı. Bu çalışmayı Michael Cretu'yla birlikte hazırladı. 1985'te yine Cretu prodüktörlüğünde hazırlanan ilk solo albümü The Long Play'i yayınladı. Albümden çıkan ilk 45'lik "Maria Magdalena" onu bütün Avrupa'da aranan bir Euro-Beat ikonu yaptı. Aynı albümden yayınlanan, "In the Heat of the Night" da bu başarıyı perçinleyerek, 80'li yılların unutulmaz şarkılarından biri oldu. Bu büyük başarının ardından 1986'da yayınlanan "Mirrors" aynı grafiği devam ettirdi. Bu albümde bulunan lokomotif şarkıların dünya prömiyeri, aynı yıl İzmir Atatürk Stadı'nda, Afrikalı aç insanlar için düzenlenen 9 Eylül Kutlamaları Özel Konseri'nde yapıldı. Aynı konsere Bad Boys Blue ve C.C. Catch gibi dönemin en popüler Euro-Beat solist ve grupları da katılmıştı. Sandra 1988'de Michael Cretu ile evlendi ve İbiza'ya yerleşti.
1988 yılında Sandra ve Michael "Into a Secret Land"i yayınladı. Elektro-pop'dan biraz uzaklaşıyor, daha gizemli ve baştan çıkarıcı soundlara yöneliyorlardı. Bu albümden dört hit single çıktı. İlk single "Heaven Can Wait" Sandra için Fransa'da bir diğer direkt Top 10'e giriş başarısı oldu. Almanya'da ise 12. sıradan girdi. Bir Akdeniz sahilinde çekilen video klipte Sandra dansı ve şarkısı ile boy gösterdi.

1990-2006
Sandra 90'lı yılların başında müzik dünyasında değişen trendlere bağlı olarak solo kariyerinde bir düşüş yaşadı. Buna karşın eşinin başlattığı Enigma projesinin kadın vokallerinden biri olarak kendinden söz ettirdi. Zaten Sandra'nın 80'lerin son yarısında yayınlanan stüdyo albümleriyle kendisini haber veren Enigma projesi, 90'ların ilk yarısında yayınlanan albümlerde de etkisini hissettirmekteydi. 1992'de çıkardığı "Don't Be Agressive" 45'liğiyle Amerika pazarına girmeyi deneyen Sandra, bu kıtada ve Avrupa dışında ancak Enigma'nın bir üyesi olarak tanınabildi. Buna karşın söz konusu single MTV'den büyük destek gördü ve geniş kitleler tarafından beğenildi. Sandra 1995'te çıkardığı "Fading Shades" albümünün ardından, ikiz çocuklarını dünyaya getirmesi nedeniyle stüdyo albümleri yayınlamaya ara verdi. "My Favourites" gibi derleme albümlerle geçen bu süreçten sonra 2002'de "Wheel of Time" albümünü yayınladı. Talk Talk'un Such a Shame ve Depeche Mode'un Freelove adlı parçalarını da yorumladığı bu albüm önemli ölçüde dikkat çekti.

2006'dan bugüne
Sandra, 2006 itibarıyla yaşamında köklü bir değişime giderek Michael Cretu ile yollarını ayırdı ve yine kendisi gibi Enigma'nın eski üyelerinden olan Jens Gad ile bu süreçte hazırladığı "The Art Of Love" albümünü yayınladı. İlk defa bu albümde kendi yazdığı şarkı sözlerine yer verdi. Ayrıca 1994'te yayınladığı "Michale" 45'liğiyle şöhret kazanan ve bir dönem Michael Cretu ile de çalışarak bazı Enigma parçalarını seslendiren Andru Donalds ve İrlandalı şarkıcı Sinead O'Connor da albüme destek verdi. Donalds "The Way I Am" parçasının geri vokallerini seslendirdi. O'Connor ise, Sandra'nın bu albümde seslendirmesi için "Put Your Arms Around Me" adlı parçayı özel olarak besteledi. 2007 ile 2008'in ilk yarısını bir Avrupa turnesiyle geçiren Sandra uzun yıllardan beri ilk defa geniş kapsamlı konserler verme şansına sahip oldu.

Diskografi

Albümler
 The Long Play (1985)
 Mirrors (1986)
 Into a Secret Land (1988)
 Paintings in Yellow (1990)
 Close to Seven (1992)
 [[Fading Shades]] (1995)
 The Wheel of Time (2002)
 The Art of Love (2007)
 Back to Life (2009)
 Stay in Touch (2012)

Derlemeler
 Ten On One (the singles), 1987
 18 Greatest Hits, 1992
 My Favourites, 1999 REMIX ALBUM
 The Essential, 2003
 Reflections, 2006 REMIX ALBUM
 The Platinum Collection, 2009

Dış bağlantılar
 Sandra Official Sitesi

1962 doğumlular
New Age müzisyenleri
Yaşayan insanlar
Fransız asıllı Almanlar
Alman kadın pop şarkıcıları

Sandra


El Consejo Suramericano de Economía y Finanzas es un consejo constituido por Unasur. Está compuesto por los Ministros de Hacienda y Finanzas y Presidentes de Bancos Centrales de Sudamérica. Tiene por objetivo tratar aquellos temas que hacen, fundamentalmente, a la protección de la región frente a la volatilidad de los mercados internacionales.

Referencias

Unión de Naciones Suramericanas


Alexandre Dumas () is a station on Line 2 of the Paris Métro, on the border of the 11th and 20th arrondissements.

Location
The station is located under Boulevard de Charonne at its intersection with Rue de Charonne and Rue de Bagnolet. Oriented approximately along a north-west / south-east axis, it is located between the Philippe Auguste and Avron metro stations.

History
The station was opened on 31 January 1903 as part of the extension of line 2 (known at the time as "2 Nord") from Anvers. It was the eastern terminus of the line until 2 April 1903 when it was extended to Nation. The station was originally called Bagnolet after the Rue de Bagnolet, the road to Bagnolet. On 13 September 1970, it was renamed after the French author Alexandre Dumas and the Rue Alexandre Dumas.  It was the location of the Barrière de Fontarabie, a gate built for the collection of taxation as part of the Wall of the Farmers-General; the gate was built between 1784 and 1788 and demolished during the nineteenth century.

As part of the RATP Metro Renewal program, the station corridors and platform lighting were renovated on 12 May 2005.

On 1 April 2016, some of the station's name plates were temporarily replaced by the RATP to produce April Fools jokes for a day, as in the case of twelve other stations. Alexandre Dumas was humorously renamed Les Trois Mousquetaires (The Three Musketeers) in reference to the famous novel by this writer.

As part of the action plan in 2018 to improve air quality in the metro, the station was the first in which two air purifiers were tested using an Ip'Air device developed by Suez. They were inaugurated on 7 June 2019 on the platform in the direction of Nation and set up for a period of six months.

In 2019, 3,439,879 travelers entered this station which placed it at the 142nd position of the metro stations for its usage.

Passenger services

Access
The station has a single exit entitled Boulevard de Charonne, leading to the central reservation of the boulevard to the right of No. 111. Consisting of a fixed staircase, it is decorated with a Guimard entrance, which is subject to a registration as historic monuments by decree of 12 February 2016.

Station layout

Platforms
Alexandre Dumas is a standard configuration station. It has two platforms separated by the metro tracks and the vault is elliptical. The decoration is the style used for most metro stations, the lighting canopies are white and rounded in the Gaudin style of the metro revival of the 2000s, and the bevelled white ceramic tiles cover the walls, the vault, the tympans and the outlets of the corridors. The advertising frames are metallic and the name of the station is written in Parisine font on enameled plates. The seats are dark blue Motte style (replacing yellow seats of the same original model).

Bus connections
The station is served by line 76 of the RATP Bus Network.

Gallery

References

Sources
Roland, Gérard (2003). Stations de métro. D'Abbesses à Wagram. Éditions Bonneton.

Paris Métro stations in the 11th arrondissement of Paris
Railway stations in France opened in 1903

Alexandre Dumas station


Soluk tilki (Vulpes pallida), köpekgiller (Canidae) familyasından bir tilki türü.

Dış özellikleri
Soluk tilkinin yapısı Güney Afrika tilkisini andırmaktadır. Bacakları ve kulakları bayağı uzundur. Kulakların uçları diğer tilkilerden daha yuvarlağımsıdır. Vücudu soluk bej rengindedir, bacakları ve bazen sırtı kırmızımsı kahverengi olur. Karın kısmı, yüzü ve kulaklarının iç kısımları daha açık renk, neredeyse beyaz renk olur. Aşağı yukarı kum tilkisi'nin büyüklüğündedir ama soluk tilkinin bundan farklı olarak kuyruğunun ucu siyah renk olur.

Yayılımı
Soluk tilki Kuzey Afrika'nın güneyinde, yani Sahel Çölü'nün güneyinde, Atlas Okyanusu'ndan Kızıldeniz'e kadar varan bir şerit içerisinde yayılım gösterir.

Yaşam şekli
Soluk tilki kuru çalılık alanlarda ve yarı çöllerde bulunur. Bazen hatta çöle de girer. Küçük aile grupları içerisinde yaşadığı tahmin edilir. Bu gruplar diğer grup içerisinde yaşayan köpekgillerde de olduğu gibi, bir üreyen çift ve bunların yavrularından oluşur. Dişi tilki dünyaya 3-4 yavru getirir.

Soluk tilkiler gece aktif hayvanlardır. Gündüzleri, kendi kazdıkları, 15 m. uzunluğa varan ve 2-3 metre derinliğe kadar inen mağaralarda geçirirler.

Beslenmeleri kemiriciler, küçük sürüngenler, kuşlar, yumurtalar ve meyvelerden oluşur. Ayrıca böcek yedikleri tahmin edilir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Info (Englisch) und Karte

Tilkiler
Sahra faunası

Soluk tilki


Siheung (en coreano:시흥시, Romanización revisada:siheung,léase:síjung) es una ciudad ubicada en la provincia de Gyeonggi al norte de la república de Corea del Sur. Está ubicada al sur de Seúl a unos 40 km. Limita al sur con Ansan, Hwaseong, al oeste con la Bahía de Corea y al este con kwangmyong, anyang. Su área es de 131.46 km² y su población total es cerca de medio millón.

Historia
A principios del periodo de los Tres Reinos de Corea, la región de Siheung era parte del reino de Baekje.

Siheung adquirió la administración actual desde el 1 de enero de 1989, cuando el viejo condado de Siheung se dividió en las ciudades de Siheung, Gunpo y Uiwang. En ese momento la ciudad tenía una población de sólo 93 000. Este número se triplicó en la década siguiente, con gran cantidad de apartamentos.

Ciudades hermanas
 Dezhou, República Popular China
 Rochester, New York, Estados Unidos

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 web de la ciudad

Localidades de Gyeonggi

Siheung


فرح أبو شويشة (بالآيرلندية Farah Abushwesha) منتجة ومخرجة أفلام حائزة على جوائز من أصول ليبية وآيرلندية. كما رشحت لعدة جوائز بينها جائزة أفضل مخرجة أفلام قصيرة في أيرلندا.

ولدت أبو شويشة لأم آيرلندية وأب ليبي هو التشكيلي والقاص ومراسل وكالة الأنباء الليبية السابق رضوان أبو شويشة. عملت في تلفزيون وارنر بروذرز، تي إن تي، كارتون نيتورك وشركة الصور المتحركة "MPC".

فرح حاصلة على شهادة في الصحافة، كما درست التمثيل في The Poor School في لندن، انكلترا. كما عملت كمذيعة راديو في إيرلندا وفرنسا. وكمراسلة لـ Boulevard Magazine وIrish Eyes الباريسيتان.
اختيرت فرح من قبل البافتا «كموهبة تستحق المتابعة» وذلك في عدد 2006 من مجلة "Bafta Academy Magazine". تقوم فرح باعداد عدة أفكار وتصورات حول مجموعة من الأفلام المقتبسة على قصص واقعية وعلى روايات أبيها رضوان أبوشويشة القصيرة.

إنتاج
 Sir Alan Sugar Challenge 2006
 News from Heaven 2006
 Apartment 406 2006
 The Pistachio Nut 2005
 No Deposit, No Return 2004
 The Welcome Committee 2004

إخراج
 The Sharer  2007
 شوربة دجاج 2006
 Sir Alan Sugar Challenge 2006

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 Rocliffe

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أيرلنديون من أصل ليبي
صانعو أفلام ليبيون
صفحات تحتاج تصنيف سنة الولادة (أشخاص أحياء)
مخرجون أيرلنديون
منتجون أيرلنديون

فرح أبو شويشة


Kurija (lat. curia) je građevina posebne pravne namjene. U doba feudalizma bio je to dvor gdje su bili sudovi na koje su vazali morali dolaziti. To je mogao biti dvor feudalnih seniora (curia feudalis) ili dvor samoga kralja (curia regia). U širem značenju kurijom se ponekad označava i svaki drugi sud onog vremena (npr. curia comitis: županov sud).

Hrvatska i Ugarska pod Habsburzima imale su zajednički vrhovni sud, Kraljevsku kuriju do 1849. godine.

Izvori

Pravo
Srednji vijek

Kurija (sud)


École supérieure d'informatique, électronique, automatique (ESIEA) este o universitate tehnică de stat din Ivry-sur-Seine (Franța), situat în apropiere de campusul Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées. A fost fondată în 1958.

Este membră a Conférence des Grandes Ecoles.

Secții
 Master
Domeniu: Inginerie Electrică, Automatică, Tehnologia Informației, Procesare de semnal, Microelectronică, Nanotehnologie, Acustică, Telecomunicație
 Mastère Spécialisé

Legături externe
 ESIEA Web

Note

Universități din Franța
Universități tehnice
Fondări în 1958


In academic publishing, a retraction is a mechanism by which a published paper in an academic journal is flagged for being seriously flawed to the extent that their results and conclusions can no longer be relied upon. Retracted articles are not removed from the published literature but marked as retracted. In some cases it may be necessary to remove an article from publication, such as when the article is clearly defamatory, violates personal privacy, is the subject of a court order, or might pose a serious health risk to the general public.

Procedure

A retraction may be initiated by the editors of a journal, or by the author(s) of the papers (or their institution). Retractions are typically accompanied by a retraction notice written by the editors or authors explaining the reason for the retraction. Such notices may also include a note from the authors with apologies for the previous error and/or expressions of gratitude to persons who disclosed the error to the author. Retractions must not be confused with small corrections in published articles.

There have been numerous examples of retracted scientific publications. Retraction Watch provides updates on new retractions, and discusses general issues in relation to retractions.

History
A 2011 paper in the Journal of Medical Ethics attempted to quantify retraction rates in PubMed over time to determine if the rate was increasing, even while taking into account the increased number of overall publications occurring each year. The author found that the rate of increase in retractions was greater than the rate of increase in publications. Moreover, the author notes the following:"It is particularly striking that the number of papers retracted for fraud increased more than sevenfold in the 6 years between 2004 and 2009. During the same period, the number of papers retracted for a scientific mistake did not even double..." (p. 251). Although the author suggests that his findings may indeed indicate a recent increase in scientific fraud, he also acknowledges other possibilities. For example, increased rates of fraud in recent years may simply indicate that journals are doing a better job of policing the scientific literature than they have in the past. Furthermore, because retractions occur for a very small percentage of overall publications (fewer than 1 in 1,000 articles), a few scientists who are willing to commit large amounts of fraud can highly impact retraction rates. For example, the author points out that Jan Hendrik Schön fabricated results in 15 retracted papers in the dataset he reviewed, all of which were retracted in 2002 and 2003, "so he alone was responsible for 56% of papers retracted for fraud in 2002—2003" (p 252).

During the COVID-19 pandemic, academia had seen a quick increase in fast-track peer-review articles dealing with SARS-CoV-2 problems. As a result, a number of papers have been retracted made "Retraction Tsunami" due to quality and/or data issues, leading many experts to ponder not just the quality of peer review but also standards of retraction practices.

Retracted studies may continue to be cited. This may happen in cases where scholars are unaware of the retraction, in particular when the retraction occurs long after the original publication.

Notable retractions

Retraction for error
 2013 - Study on the Mediterranean diet published in New England Journal of Medicine and widely covered by media was retracted due to unreported non-random assignments.  This was part of a larger effort verifying proper randomization in thousands of studies by anesthesiologist John Carlisle, who found problems in about 2% of those analyzed.
 2012 - Séralini affair - Article suggesting reported an increase in tumors among rats fed genetically modified corn and the herbicide RoundUp retracted due to criticism of experimental design. According to the editor of the journal, a "more in-depth look at the raw data revealed that no definitive conclusions can be reached with this small sample size".
 2003 Retracted Science article on ecstasy. See Retracted article on neurotoxicity of ecstasy.

Retraction for fraud or misconduct
 2021 An article studying open source community by Qiushi Wu and Kangjie Lu at University of Minnesota was withdrawn after Linux Foundation found out that researchers submitted patches for Linux kernel with intentional bugs without obtaining appropriate consent.
 2020 On January 8 2020, a paper written by Dalmeet Singh Chawla in Science about the Russian journals retracted more than 800 articles in the first results of a large-scale investigation conducted by the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) following claims of unethical publications.
 2018 On 11 April 2019, two articles, one published in Science in 2010 and another in Nature in 2013 on DNA damage, by Abderrahmane Kaidi of the University of Bristol were retracted simultaneously following evidence of data fabrications.
  2017 5 articles by Brian Wansink at Cornell University came under scrutiny in the field of consumer behavior and marketing research after peers pointed out inconsistencies in data in papers after Wansink had written a blog post about asking a graduate student to "salvage" conclusions. Cornell University has since investigated the issues and in 2018 he was found by a University investigatory committee to have committed academic misconduct and resigned. Wansink has since had 18 of his research papers retracted as similar issues were found in other publications.
 2014 An article by Haruko Obokata et al. on STAP cells, a method of inducing a cell to become a stem cell, was proven to be falsified. Originally published in Nature, it was retracted later that year. It generated much controversy, and after an institutional investigation, one of the authors committed suicide.
2011 Retraction: Enhanced Inhibition of Tumour Growth and Metastasis, and Induction of Antitumour Immunity by IL-2-IgG2b Fusion Protein. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 73: 266. by Budagian V, Nanni P, Lollini PL, Musiani P, Di Carlo E, Bulanova E, Paus R, Bulfone-Paus S. 2002*
2011 Anil Potti, formerly a cancer researcher at Duke University.  Eight journal articles authored by Anil Potti and others that describe genomic signatures of cancer prognosis and predictors of response to cancer treatment were retracted in 2011 and 2012. The retraction notices generally state that the results of the analyses described in the articles could not be reproduced. In November 2015, the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) found that Potti had engaged in research misconduct
2010  A 1998 paper by Andrew Wakefield proposing that the MMR vaccine might cause autism, which was responsible for the MMR vaccine controversy, was retracted because "the claims in the original paper that children were "consecutively referred" and that investigations were "approved" by the local ethics committee have been proven to be false."
2009 Numerous papers written by Scott Reuben from 1996 to 2009 were retracted after it was discovered he never actually conducted any of the trials he claimed to have run.
2007 Retraction of several articles written by social psychologist Jennifer Lerner and colleagues  from journals including Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin and Biological Psychiatry.
2006 Retraction of Patient-specific embryonic stem cells derived from human SCNT blastocysts. written by Hwang Woo-Suk. Fabrications in the field of stem cell research led to 'indictment on embezzlement and bioethics law violations linked to faked stem cell research'.
2003 Numerous articles with questionable data from physicist Jan Hendrik Schön from many journals including both Science and Nature are retracted.
2002 Retraction of announced discovery of elements 116 and 118. See Livermorium, Victor Ninov.
1991 Thereza Imanishi-Kari, who worked with David Baltimore, published a 1986 article in the journal Cell. Margot O'Toole, a postdoctoral researcher for Imanishi-Kari publicized Imanishi-Kari's scientific misconduct. After a major investigation, Baltimore was finally forced to issue a retraction in 1991 when the National Institutes of Health concluded that data in the 1986 Imanishi-Kari article had been falsified.  In 1996, an expert panel appointed by the federal government cleared Imanishi-Kari of misconduct, finding no evidence of scientific fraud.
1982 John Darsee.  Fabricated results in the Cardiac Research Laboratory of Eugene Braunwald at Harvard in the early 1980s. Initially thought to be brilliant by his boss.  He was caught out by fellow researchers in the same laboratory.

Retraction for ethical violations

 2019  An article by Wendy Rogers (Macquarie University, Australia) and colleagues on BMJ Open called for the mass retraction of more than 400 scientific papers on organ transplantation, amid fears the organs were obtained unethically from Chinese prisoners. Wendy Rogers said the journals, researchers and clinicians who used these studies were complicit in these methods of organ trafficking. According to the study, the transplant research community has failed to live up to the ethical standards for using organs from death row inmates that are still being published. These widespread unethical violations in research will cause many unpredictable consequences for science. In 2019, PLOS ONE also retracted 21 articles related to this incident.
 2017 The journal Liver International retracted a Chinese study of liver transplantation because 564 livers grafted in the course of the research over 4 years could not be traced. The experts pointed out that it was implausible a hospital could have so many freely donated livers for transplantation, given the small number of donors in China at the time.

Retraction over data provenance
 2020 On 22 May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, an article was published in The Lancet, claiming to find evidence, based on a database of  COVID-19 patients, that hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine increase the chance of patients dying in hospital and increase the chance of ventricular arrhythmia. Medical researchers and newspapers expressed suspicions about the validity of the data, provided by Surgisphere, founded by one of the authors of the study. The article was formally retracted by 4 June 2020, on request by the lead author Mandeep Mehra.

Retraction over public relations issues
 2016 On March 4, 2016, an article in PLOS ONE about the functioning of the human hand was retracted due to outrage on social media over a reference to "Creator" inside the paper (#CreatorGate).
 1896 Jose Rizal was said to have issued a letter of retraction regarding his novels and other published articles against the Roman Catholic Church, see José Rizal: Retraction controversy.

See also
 Fabrication (science)
 Post-publication peer review
 Scientific misconduct
 Sokal affair
 Erratum
 Correction (newspaper)

References

Further reading

Scientific misconduct
Academic publishing
Publishing
Error

Retraction in academic publishing


An Dactylorhiza kulikalonica in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Chernyak.. An Dactylorhiza kulikalonica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dactylorhiza, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dactylorhiza

Dactylorhiza kulikalonica


Gara Kelenföld (în ) este a patra cea mai aglomerată gară din Budapesta (după gările Keleti, Déli și Nyugati). Deschisă în 1861, este situată la sud-vest de centrul orașului, în cartierul Kelenföld din Újbuda (sectorul 11).

Astăzi, Kelenföld este o gară foarte aglomerată, pe aici trecând aproape toate transporturile de pasageri și marfă operate de MÁV spre regiunea Transdanubia.

Gara este stația terminus a Liniei 4 a metroului din Budapesta, deschisă la 28 martie 2014.

Conexiuni transport public
Gara Kelenföld este situată la sud-vest de centrul orașului, în Újbuda (sectorul 11) în cartierul Kelenföld.

 Metrou:
 Tramvai:  1, 19, 49
 Autobuz:  8E, 40, 40B, 40E, 53, 58, 87, 88, 88A, 88B, 101B, 101E, 103, 108E, 141, 150, 153, 154, 172, 173, 187, 188, 188E, 250, 250B, 251, 251A, 272
 Autobuze naționale și regionale:  689, 691, 710, 712, 715, 720, 722, 724, 725, 727, 731, 732, 734, 735, 736, 760, 762, 763, 767, 770, 774, 775, 777, 778, 798, 799
 Autobuze de noapte:  901, 907, 918

Note

Kelenföld

Gara Kelenföld-Budapesta


Res gestae (Latin "things done") is a term found in substantive and procedural American jurisprudence and English law. In American substantive law, it refers to the start-to-end period of a felony. In American procedural law, it refers to a former exception to the hearsay rule for statements made spontaneously or as part of an act. The English and Canadian version of res gestae is similar, but is still recognized as a traditional exception to the hearsay rule.

Res gestae in American substantive law
In certain felony murder statutes, "res gestae" is a term defining the overall start-to-end sequence of the underlying felony.  Generally, a felony's res gestae is considered terminated when the suspect has achieved a position of relative safety from law enforcement.

Res gestae in American hearsay law

Under the Federal Rules of Evidence, res gestae may formerly have been, but is no longer, an exception to the rule against hearsay evidence based on the belief that, because certain statements are made naturally, spontaneously, and without deliberation during the course of an event, they leave little room for misunderstanding/misinterpretation upon hearing by someone else (e.g. by the witness, who will later repeat the statement to the court) and thus the courts believe that such statements carry a high degree of credibility. Statements that could be admitted into evidence as res gestae fall into three headings:

 Words or phrases that either form part of, or explain, a physical act,
 Exclamations that are so spontaneous as to belie concoction, and
 Statements that are evidence of someone's state of mind.

The Present Sense Impression, Excited Utterance, and Then-Existing Mental, Emotional, or Physical Condition hearsay exceptions now cover many situations, under the federal rules of evidence, that would formerly have been considered res gestae.

In some jurisdictions the res gestae exception has also been used to admit police sketches.

The following scenario is an example of types one and two:

Imagine a young woman (the witness) standing on the side of a main road. She sees some commotion across the street. On the opposite side of the road to her she sees an old man and hears him shout "The bank is being robbed!", as a young man runs out of a building and away down the street. The old man is never found (and so cannot appear in court to repeat what he said), but the woman repeats what she heard him say. Such a statement would be considered trustworthy for the purpose of admission as evidence because the statement was made concurrently with the event and there is little chance that the witness repeating the hearsay could have misunderstood its meaning or the speaker's intentions.

Under the Federal Rules of Evidence, res gestae may also be used to demonstrate that certain character evidence, otherwise excludable under the provisions of Rule 404, is permissible, as the events in question are part of the "ongoing narrative", or sequence of events that are necessary to define the action at hand.

Other uses

Res gestae is also used to refer to those facts or things done which form the basis or gravamen for a legal action.

Res gestae is also used in respondeat superior vicarious liability law. Particularly, res gestae refers to time, place, and in the interest of an employer.

Res Gestae is a publication of the Indiana State Bar Association.

Res Gestae is R.G. Collingwood's term for the world of human affairs (as separated from the natural world) in his The Idea Of History (1946), which deals with the philosophy of history.

Notes

Hearsay
Latin legal terminology

Res gestae


An Habenaria decurvirostris in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Victor Samuel Summerhayes. An Habenaria decurvirostris in nahilalakip ha genus nga Habenaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Zambia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Habenaria

Habenaria decurvirostris


Constantinos Gavras (d. 12 Şubat 1933) film yönetmeni.

Yunan asıllı Fransız yurttaşı film yönetmeni olan Constantinos Gavras, daha çok yönettiği siyasal filmlerle tanınır. Çoğunlukla Fransızca seslendirilmiş filmler yapmış olmasına karşın, İngilizce sesli filmleri de vardır.

Jean-Louis Trintignant'ın bir savcıyı ve Yves Montand'ın da solcu bir partinin önde gelen temsilcilerinden birini canlandırdığı Z adlı filmde (1969), barışın önemi, faşist çeteler ile hükûmet içindeki güçlerin ilişkisi bağlamında derin devlet sorunsalı irdelenmektedir. Filmde Yunanistan'ın adı hiç verilmemesine karşın, aslında 1963 yılında suikasta kurban giden Grigoris Lambrakis ve çevresinde dönen olaylar anlatılmaktadır. Film, En İyi Yabancı Film dalında Oscar Ödülü kazanmıştır. Söz konusu film sansür nedeniyle uzun yıllar Yunanistan'da ve 1989'a değin Türkiye'de gösterilemedi.

Kuşatma'da (1970) ise, askeri diktatörlükle yönetilen bir Güney Amerika ülkesindeki olaylar perdeye yansıtılmaktadır. Filmde, radikal solcu bir grup, CIA'nın yaptığı işkencelere karşı çıkmak amacıyla ABD A.I.D yardım kuruluşu çalışanı görünümü altında Uruguay Polis Teşkilatını eğiten polis akademisi uzmanını ve Brezilya büyükelçisini kaçırır. Başrolde yine, Costa-Gavras'ın birlikte çalışmaktan zevk aldığı Yves Montand vardır.

Kayıp filminde ise (1982), Jack Lemmon, bu kez bir komedi filminde değil, oğlu Augusto Pinochet diktatörlüğü yönetimi altında olan Şili'de 1973 yılında gözaltına alındıktan sonra "kaybolan" gazeteci oğlunu arayan çaresiz bir babayı canlandırdığı bir filmde başrolü oynamaktadır.

Müzik Kutusu'nda (1989), ise Armin Mueller-Stahl, saygın bir ABD yurttaşı olan, ama karanlık bir geçmişle (geçmişte Nazilerle birlikte çalışan Macar Ok-Haç örgütü üyesi olmakla) suçlanan bir babayı canlandırmaktadır.

Amen adlı filmde (2003), ise Nazi Almanyası'nda kilisenin rolü sorgulanmakta ve kilise ile Papalığın aslında hiç de sanıldığı gibi masum olmadığı, Nazi Diktatörlüğünün kıyımlarına göz yumduğu ve doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak ortak olduğu tezi işlenmektedir.

Le Couperet'de (2005), ise Fransa'da yaşanan toplu işten çıkarmalar, işsizlik psikolojisi ve işsiz bir mühendisin alışılmadık ve radikal bir çözüm arayışı konu edilmektedir.

Filmografi

Yönettiği filmler
 Compartiment tueurs / Caniler Treni (1965)
 Un Homme de trop / 13.Adam (1967)
 Z / ÖlümsüZ (1969)
 L'Aveu / İtiraf (1970)
 État de siège / Sıkıyönetim (Görünmeyen Ayaklanma) (1973)
 Section spéciale / Special Section (1975)
 Clair de femme / Womanlight (1979) (USA)
 Missing  (Kayıp) (1982)
 Hanna K. (1983)
 Le Conseil de famille / Family Business (1986)
 Betrayed / İhanet (1988)
 Music Box / Müzik Kutusu (1990)
 Contre l'oubli (1991)
 La Petite apocalypse (1993)
 Lumière et compagnie (1995)
 Mad City / Çılgın Şehir (1997)
 Amen / Amin (2002)
 Le couperet / Ölümcül Çözüm (2005)
 Eden à l'Ouest / Cennet Batı'da (2009)
 Le capital / Kapital (Sermaye) (2012)

Senaryosu

 La Petite apocalypse / The Little Apocalypse (1993)
 Le Conseil de famille / Family Business (1986)
 Hanna K. (1983)
 Missing / Kayıp (1982) (BA)
 Clair de femme / Womanlight (1979) (USA)
 Section spéciale / Special Section (1975)
 État de siège / Sıkıyönetim (Görünmeyen Ayaklanma) (1973)
 Z / ÖlümsüZ (1969)
 Compartiment tueurs / The Sleeping Car Murder (1965)

Hikâye
 Albayım (2006)

Oyunculuk yaptığı filmler
 Enredando sombras (1998)
 Stupids, The (1996) .... Gas Station Guy
 Spies Like Us (1985) .... Tadzhik Highway Patrol
 Madame Rosa (1977)

Kaynakça
 Yeres, Artun (derleyen) (2004). "Göstermenin Sorumluluğu". İstanbul: Donkişot Yayınları. s. 167. ISBN 975-6511-25-7

1933 doğumlular
Fransız film yönetmenleri
Yunan film yönetmenleri
Yaşayan insanlar
César Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi Uyarlama Senaryo Akademi Ödülü sahipleri
BAFTA Ödülü sahipleri
Yunan asıllı Fransızlar
Fransız senaristler
Cannes Film Festivali En İyi Yönetmen Ödülü sahipleri
Magritte Ödülü sahipleri
New York Film Eleştirmenleri Birliği Ödülü sahipleri
New York Film Eleştirmenleri Birliği En İyi Yönetmen Ödülü sahipleri
BAFTA En İyi Senaryo Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi Uyarlama Senaryo Writers Guild of America Ödülü sahipleri
Writers Guild of America Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi Uluslararası Film Akademi Ödülü sahibi yönetmenler

Costa-Gavras


Spišský Štvrtok este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Levoča din regiunea Prešov. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 2.499 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Spišský Štvrtok este atestată documentar din 1263.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Spišský Štvrtok


Tacarcuna, biljni rod iz porodice filantusovki (Phyllanthaceae). Sastoji se od tri vrste drveća iz tropske Amerike

Rod s ukupno tri vrste, opisani su tek 1989.

Vrste
 Tacarcuna amanoifolia Huft, Kolumbija (Amazonas, Caquetá, Casanare, Meta); Peru
 Tacarcuna gentryi Huft, Panama;  Kolumbija (Magdalena)
 Tacarcuna tachirensis Huft, Venezuela (Tachira)

Izvori

Filantusovke

Tacarcuna


المنطقة التاريخية والجغرافية أن يقابل هذا اليوم مقاطعات مقاطعة أوديني مقاطعة بوردينوني ، مقاطعة غوريتسا و بلدة سابادا حاليا في مقاطعة بلونو .

مراجع

فريولي
أقاليم جمهورية البندقية
مناطق إيطاليا الجغرافية والتاريخية والثقافية

فريولي


Bomonti, İstanbul'un Şişli ilçesine bağlı, adını 1890 yılında İsviçreli Bomonti Kardeşler tarafından kurulan Bomonti Bira Fabrikası'ndan alan bir semttir.

Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi'nin kampüsünün kurulduğu yer. Semt nüfusunun küçük bir bölümünü Ermeniler ve Gürcüler oluşturmaktadır. Burada Katolik Gürcülere ait günümüzde hala Gürcüler tarafından kullanılan tarihi bir kilise mevcuttur.

Son yıllarda yapılan düzenleme ve inşaatlar sonucu Bomonti'nin çehresi değişmiş, İstanbul'da dikkat çeken bir bölge haline gelmiştir. Bölge, gayrimenkul yatırımcıları tarafından rağbet görmektedir. Şişli'deki merkezi noktalardan biridir.

Ulaşım

Otobüs Hatları
 30A Beşiktaş - Mecidiyeköy
 30M Beşiktaş - Mecidiyeköy
 46Ç Kâğıthane/Çağlayan - Eminönü
 46E Hürriyet Mahallesi - Eminönü
 46H Hürriyet Mahallesi - Beyazıt
 46KT Kuştepe - Taksim
46T Çağlayan - Topkapı
 48N Emniyettepe - Taksim
 54Ç Çıksalın - Taksim
54E Halil Rıfat Paşa - Eminönü
 54K Hasköy/Kulaksız - Taksim
 54ÖR Örnektepe - Taksim
 54P Piyalepaşa Mahallesi - Taksim
 54T Sadabat Evleri/Talatpaşa - Taksim
 74 Hilton Sitesi - Eminönü
 74A Gayrettepe - Eminönü
 256 Yeditepe Üniversitesi/Ataşehir - Taksim
 DT1 Ortaköy Dereboyu - Taksim
 DT2 Ortaköy Dereboyu - Taksim

Kaynakça

Şişli'nin semtleri
Merkez, Şişli

Bomonti


Pasquali Macchine Agricole Srl ist ein italienischer Hersteller von Traktoren und früher auch von Automobilen.

Unternehmensgeschichte
Lino Pasquali gründete 1949 in Calenzano das Unternehmen zur Produktion von Traktoren und anderen landwirtschaftlichen Maschinen. Zwischen 1990 und etwa 1999 wurden auch Automobile gefertigt. Seit 1999 befindet sich das Unternehmen in Abbiategrasso und gehört zur Gruppo BCS.

Automobile
Die Modelle E-Setta und Risciò waren Kleinstwagen. Dies waren Dreiräder, bei denen sich das einzelne Rad hinten befand. Die Karosserie bot wahlweise Platz für eine oder zwei Personen. Die Fahrzeuglänge betrug nur 219 cm. Für den Antrieb sorgte ein Elektromotor. Die bauartbedingte Höchstgeschwindigkeit war mit 40 bis 45 km/h angegeben und die Reichweite mit 50 km.

Literatur

 George Nick Georgano: The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. Volume 3: P–Z. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Chicago IL 2001, ISBN 1-57958-293-1 (englisch).

Weblinks

 Internetseite des Unternehmens

Ehemaliger Pkw-Hersteller (Italien)
Unternehmen (Metropolitanstadt Mailand)
Abbiategrasso

Pasquali Macchine Agricole


Morten Kirckhoff (født 24. februar 1971) er en dansk eventyrer, foredragsholder, tv-vært og iværksætter, der er kendt fra den utraditionelle rejsereportage-serie Nul stjerner (2019- ) og Alt Forladt på DR2.

Karriere
I 1999 startede Morten Kirckhoff sin karriere i reklamebranchen og var 2001-2017 partner og kreativ direktør i bureauet Advance, hvor han var en af idémændene bag succesen LEGO Bionicle. Kirckhoff udviklede og skabte websitet 10socks.com og vandt en specialpris i Børsens E-handelspris (2001) samt en Guldløve ved markedsføringsfestivalen Cannes Lions.

Sidenhen helligede Kirckhoff sig at rejse til utraditionelle steder i verden og gennem bøger og tv-produktioner, formidlede han historierne derfra.

Kirckhoff har rejst til mere end halvdelen af verdens lande og blev i 2013 optaget som medlem nr. 459 i Eventyrernes Klub. Som tv-vært har Kirckhoff vist forladte steder frem for seerne på DR2, og i 2019 var han idémand og vært sammen med Jan Elhøj på DRs program Nul stjerner en serie rejsereportager fra sådanne steder.

Kirckhoff har også været vært på DR programmerne Alt Forladt, Jagten på Elefantordenen og UFO Jagten.

Morten Kirckhoff er grundlægger af rommærket Wanderum og direktør for Liquidminds TVproduction. Han er gift med Vibeke og har tre børn.

Bibliografi
 Abandoned Vol. 1-4 (2011-2017)
 De Forladte Danske Hjem (2018)
 Forladte Danske Steder (2020)
 ILD - Eventyrlig Mad (2020)
 Det Smager Af Lort. Skrevet sammen med Nikolaj Kirk. (2021)
 VELO - De Danske Verdenscyklister m. Tore Grønne & Bjørn Harvig (2022)

Filmografi
 2012: Alt forladt DR2
 2017: TEDtalk
 2019-: Nul stjerner - DR2 (6 sæsoner)
 2022: På UFO jagt med Jan & Morten - DRTV
 2022 Jagten på Elefantordenen - DRTV

Referencer
.

Tv-værter fra Danmark
Eventyrere fra Danmark
Fotografer fra Danmark
Iværksættere fra Danmark

Morten Kirckhoff


Vũ Thị Trang (* 19. Mai 1992 in Bắc Giang) ist eine vietnamesische Badmintonspielerin.

Karriere
Vũ Thị Trang nahm bereits im Alter von 15 Jahren an den Südostasienspielen 2007 teil und wurde dort Fünfte im Damendoppel. Vier Jahre später wurde sie bei der gleichen Veranstaltung Fünfte im Dameneinzel und Fünfte mit dem vietnamesischen Damenteam.

Bei den Olympischen Jugend-Sommerspielen 2010 erkämpfte sie sich Bronze im Dameneinzel. Im selben Jahr startete sie auch bei den Asienspielen im chinesischen Guangzhou.

2014 gewann Vũ Thị Trang die Vietnam International Series.

Weblinks

Badmintonspieler (Vietnam)
Olympiateilnehmer (Vietnam)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2016
Teilnehmer an den Asienspielen (Vietnam)
Teilnehmer an den Südostasienspielen (Vietnam)
Vietnamesischer Meister (Badminton)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Jugend-Sommerspiele 2010
Vietnamese
Geboren 1992
Frau

Vũ Thị Trang


Die Japanische Helwingie (Helwingia japonica) ist ein kleiner Strauch mit auffallenden Blütenständen auf den Blattspreiten und kugeligen, schwarzen Früchten aus der Familie Helwingiaceae. Das natürliche Verbreitungsgebiet der Art liegt in Japan und China. Sie wird selten kultiviert.

Beschreibung

Die Japanische Helwingie ist ein 1 bis 2 Meter hoher, aufrechter, sommergrüner Strauch mit dunkelbrauner bis schwarzgrauer, glatter Rinde. Junge Triebe sind grün, kahl, glatt und haben auffällige Blattnarben. Die Blätter sind wechselständig angeordnet. Sie haben einen 1 bis 5 selten bis 6 Zentimeter langen Stiel. Die Nebenblätter sind fädig und haben meist eine gespaltene Spitze. Die Blattspreite ist 3,5 bis 9 selten bis 18 Zentimeter lang und 2 bis 6 selten bis 8,5 Zentimeter breit, papierartig, kahl, eiförmig, eiförmig-rundlich oder verkehrt-eiförmig-elliptisch, selten elliptisch oder eiförmig-lanzettlich, lang zugespitzt oder selten geschwänzt zugespitzt, mit breit keilförmiger oder mehr oder weniger gerundeter Basis und nadelförmig gesägtem oder nadelförmig gekerbtem Blattrand. Es werden fünf bis sieben, selten auch acht, an der Blattunterseite hervortretende Blattadern gebildet. Die Blattunterseite ist hellgrün, weißgrau oder grün bereift.

Die Blüten sind zweihäusig verteilt. Die Blütenstände sind Dolden, die zwischen dem ersten Drittel und der Hälfte auf der Hauptader der Blätter, selten auf höheren Teilen der Zweige gebildet werden. Männliche Dolden bestehen aus drei bis zwölf, selten bis 18 Blüten, weibliche aus einer bis drei Blüten. Die Blüten sind gestielt. Die Kronblätter sind hellgrün und 1 bis 5 Millimeter lang. Der Griffel weiblicher Blüten ist dreifach bis fünffach geteilt. Die Früchte sind schwarz, rundlich bis oval, mit Durchmesser von etwa 4 bis 8 Millimeter und beinahe sitzend (stängellos). Die drei bis 5 Samen sind dreifach bis fünffach gelappt. Die Japanische Helwingie blüht von April bis Mai, die Früchte reifen von August bis Oktober.

Vorkommen und Standortansprüche
Das natürliche Verbreitungsgebiet liegt in Japan im Südwesten von Hokkaidō, auf Honshū, Kyushu, Shikoku und den Ryūkyū-Inseln, auf Taiwan und in den chinesischen Provinzen Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang und im Südosten des Autonomen Gebiets Tibet. Die Japanische Helwingie wächst in Wäldern und Dickichten, in Tälern, auf Hängen und entlang von Flüssen und Straßen in 100 bis 3400 Metern Höhe auf frischen bis feuchten, sauren bis neutralen, sandig-humosen oder lehmig-humosen Böden an sonnigen bis lichtschattigen Standorten. Die Art ist wärmeliebend und frostempfindlich.

Systematik
Die Japanische Helwingie (Helwingia japonica) ist eine Art aus der Gattung Helwingia, der einzigen Gattung in der Familie Helwingiaceae in der Ordnung der Stechpalmenartigen (Aquifoliales). Die Art wurde 1784 von Carl Peter von Thunberg als Osyris japonica (Basionym) erstmals gültig wissenschaftlich beschrieben. Friedrich Gottlieb Dietrich stellte die Art 1817 in die Gattung Helwingia. Der Gattungsname Helwingia wurde nach dem deutschen Geistlichen Georg Andreas Helwing (1666–1748) gewählt, der die Pflanzenwelt Ostpreußens beschrieb. Das Artepitheton japonica verweist auf das Verbreitungsgebiet in Japan.

Es können vier Varietäten unterschieden werden:
 Helwingia japonica var. hypoleuca  mit eiförmigen, eiförmig-rundlichen oder breit-elliptischen, 3 bis 11,5 Zentimeter langen und 2 bis 6,5 Zentimeter breiten Blattspreiten, mit gesägtem oder gekerbtem Blattrand und weißgrauer oder grün bereifter Blattunterseite ohne warzigen Blattadern. Die Früchte wachsen einzeln oder zu zweit im mittleren Teil des Mittelnervs und behalten die drei- bis fünffach gelappte Narbe. Das Verbreitungsgebiet sind Dickichte in 1200 bis 2800 Metern Höhe in den chinesischen Provinzen Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan und Yunnan. Ein Synonym der Varietät ist Helwingia japonica var. grisea .
 Helwingia japonica var. japonica mit eiförmigen, eiförmig-rundlichen oder breit-elliptischen, 3 bis 13 selten 18 Zentimeter langen und 1,5 bis 9 Zentimeter breiten Blattspreiten mit gesägtem Blattrand und mit hellgrüner Blattunterseite ohne warzigen Blattadern. Die Früchte wachsen in Gruppen von zwei bis fünf in der Mitte der Mittelader und behalten die drei- bis fünffach gelappte Narbe. Das Verbreitungsgebiet liegt in Höhen unter 3000 Metern in Japan, Taiwan und den chinesischen Provinzen Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan und Zhejiang. Die Varietät wurde unter den Synonymen Helwingia rusciflora und Helwingia szechuanensis auch als eigene Art beschrieben.
 Helwingia japonica var. papillosa  mit eiförmigen, eiförmig-rundlichen oder breit-elliptischen, 3 bis 12 Zentimeter langen und 2 bis 6,5 Zentimeter breiten Blattspreiten, mit an den Blattunterseiten fein warzigen Blattadern und gesägtem Blattrand. Die Früchte stehen häufig einzeln und behalten die vier- bis fünffach gelappte Narbe. Das Verbreitungsgebiet liegt entlang von Flussläufen in Tannen- oder Hemlocktannen-Wäldern und in Dickichten in Höhen von 2100 bis 3400 Metern in den chinesischen Provinzen Gansu, Shaanxi und Sichuan.
 Helwingia japonica var. zhejiangensis  mit länglichen, schmal elliptischen oder eiförmig-elliptischen, selten lanzettlichen, 5 bis 12 selten bis 15 Zentimeter langen und 1,5 bis 4 selten bis 6 Zentimeter breiten, häutigen Blattspreiten mit drüsig gesägtem Blattrand. Das Verbreitungsgebiet liegt an Flussläufen, in Tälern auf Hängen und entlang von Straßen in 100 bis 2500 Metern Höhe auf Taiwan und in der chinesischen Provinz Zhejiang. Die Varietät wurde auch als eigene Art Helwingia zhejiangensis beschrieben. Nach R. Govaerts wird diese Varietät auch als Unterart angesehen: Helwingia japonica subsp. liukiuensis

Verwendung
Die Japanische Helwingie wird als einzige Art der Gattung manchmal kultiviert.

Nachweise

Literatur

 Andreas Roloff, Andreas Bärtels: Flora der Gehölze. Bestimmung, Eigenschaften und Verwendung. Mit einem Winterschlüssel von Bernd Schulz. 3., korrigierte Auflage. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6, S. 330.

 Helmut Genaust: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen. 3., vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (Nachdruck von 1996).

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Stechpalmenartige

Japanische Helwingie


La Estación  Salto es una estación ferroviaria ubicada en la ciudad de Salto, capital del departamento  homónimo.

Historia

Construida en noviembre de 1890 por la Compañía Midland Uruguay Railway, como parte del trazado de la línea Salto - Paso de los Toros. Cabe destacar, que la ciudad de Salto para ese entonces, ya contaba con otro ramal y estación ferroviaria, perteneciente a la Compañía del Ferrocarril NorOeste. Ambos trazados convivieron hasta la nacionalización del transporte ferroviario.

En los años setenta, tras finalizada la construcción de la Represa de Salto Grande, comienza la construcción del puente binacional, que uniría las ciudades de Salto y Concordia mediante vehículos rodantes y ferroviarios.

En 1982, con la inauguración del Puente comenzó a prestarse el servicio Estación Salto - Estación Concordia. El cual fue suspendido al poco tiempo, e instaurado en 2011, hasta su suspensión.

Servicios

Actualmente se encuentra sin operaciones de pasajeros. Entre 2011 y 2012, Trenes de Buenos Aires operaba los servicios del Tren de los Pueblos Libres que operaba en dicha estación.

Véase también
Administración de Ferrocarriles del Estado

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Salto
Ramal ferroviario internacional Concordia-Salto
Edificios y estructuras de Salto
Ciudad de Salto

Estación Midland de Salto


An Pityphyllum laricinum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Friedrich Fritz Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Schltr.. An Pityphyllum laricinum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pityphyllum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pityphyllum

Pityphyllum laricinum


Sonelius Smith (* 1942 in Hillhouse, Mississippi) ist ein US-amerikanischer Jazzpianist, Komponist, Arrangeur und Musikpädagoge.

Leben und Wirken
Smith hatte eine klassische Klavierausbildung, nachdem er als Neunjähriger mit seiner Familie nach Memphis (Tennessee) gezogen war. Nach seinem Highschool-Abschluss erhielt er ein Stipendium zum Studium am Arkansas AM&N College, (heute University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff), wo er Piano und Musiktheorie bei Josephus Robinson studierte. Nach der Graduierung tourte er mit John Stubblefield in der Formation The New Directions durch Europa; anschließend zog er nach New York City. Dort arbeitete er im Quartett von Rashied Ali für das musikpädagogische Projekt Jazzmobile, ferner als Komponist und Arrangeur für Bob Crewes Musikverlag Saturday Music.

Anfang der 1970er Jahre ging er mit Rahsaan Roland Kirk auf Tournee und wirkte an dessen Alben Blacknuss, Rahsaan Rahsaan und Black Inventions Strata 1 mit.  1976 spielte er u. a. mit Olu Dara, Byard Lancaster und Don Moye in der Formation Flight to Sanity, mit der 1976 Aufnahmen bei den New York Jazz Loft Sessions entstanden. 1977 erschien bei Strata-East Records sein mit Shamek Farrah verantwortetes Album The World of the Children. Außerdem arbeitete er u. a. mit Frank Foster, Archie Shepp, Lionel Hampton, Robin Kenyatta, David Murray, Noah Howard und Andrew Cyrille sowie im von Stanley Cowell geleiteten Piano Choir. Smith wirkte zwischen 1970 und 1997 an 18 Schallplattenaufnahmen mit.  Seine Kompositionen wurden u. a. von Ahmad Jamal (The Need to Smile) und Robin Kenyatta (Mellow in the Park) eingespielt. Smith unterrichtete mehrere Jahre am Community Museum of Brooklyn und war Gründer/Leiter der New York Jazz Philharmonic. Gegenwärtig lehrt er an der Harlem School of the Arts und am Third Street Music School Settlement.

Diskographische Hinweise
Robin Kenyatta – Stomping at the Savoy (Atlantic, 1974)
 Shamek Farrah & Sonelius Smith – The World of the Children (1977)
 Andrew Cyrille feat. Ted Daniel - Sonelius Smith - Nick Di Geronimo – The Navigator (Soul Note, 1983)
 David Murray Big Band (DIW Records, 1991)
David Murray Big Band Conducted by Lawrence "Butch" Morris (DIW, 1991)
 David Murray – Body and Soul (Black Saint, 1993)
 Noah Howard – Comraderie (1997), mit Kali Z. Fasteau, Bobby Few, Joe McPhee, Warren Smith

Weblinks
Webpräsenz

Einzelnachweise

Jazz-Pianist
Arrangeur
Komponist (Jazz)
Musikpädagoge
Musiker (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1942
Mann

Sonelius Smith


Chileomma malleco est une espèce d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Prodidomidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce est endémique de la région d'Araucanie au Chili. Elle se rencontre vers Alto Caledonia et Purén.

Description
La femelle holotype mesure  et le mâle paratype .

Systématique et taxinomie
Cette espèce a été décrite par Platnick, Shadab et Sorkin en 2005.

Étymologie
Son nom d'espèce lui a été donné en référence au lieu de sa découverte, la province de Malleco.

Publication originale
 Platnick, Shadab & Sorkin, 2005 : « On the Chilean spiders of the family Prodidomidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea), with a revision of the genus Moreno Mello-Leitão. » American Museum novitates, ,  (texte intégral).

Liens externes

Notes et références

Prodidomidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique du Chili

Chileomma malleco