Zori (), also rendered as zōri (, ), are thonged Japanese sandals made of rice straw, cloth, lacquered wood, leather, rubber, or—most commonly and informally—synthetic materials. They are a slip-on descendant of the tied-on  sandal.

Similar in form, modern flip-flops became popular in the United States, Australia and New Zealand when soldiers returning from World War II brought Japanese zori with them.

Use
Like many Japanese sandals, zori are easily slipped on and off, which is important in Japan, where shoes are removed and put back on when entering and leaving a house, and where tying shoelaces would be impractical when wearing traditional clothing.

The traditional forms of zori are seen when worn with other traditional clothing. Modern forms are fairly common, however, with casual Western wear, especially in summer. While geta are now mostly worn with the informal , traditional zori are often worn with the more formal kimono.

In rain, zori may be worn with toe covers ( zori).

Materials

The zori originated as a slip-on form of the tie-on . In the Edo period (1603-1867), the production of zori became professionalized, and a variety of fancy types of zori emerged, using fancier materials. While zori were still commonly woven of rice straw ( , literally "straw zori"), rushes of various kinds and bamboo sheath were also used. If they were made of something less cheap than rice straw, an extra outsole was often sewn on. This could be made of coiled hemp rope (), wistaria stems, (), or wood in lateral strips ( or ). Leather soles were used on . Modernly, polyurethane and cork are used as outsoles.

Zori also have a variety of upper surfaces. Zori with a woven wicker covering are referred to as  If it is woven of rice straw (as above), they are . If they are woven on the same four-warp pattern, but using a weft of bamboo sheath (peelings of bamboo culms), they are  zori, literally bamboo-skin zori. The topsole may also be woven of common rush (). This is the material used for most tatami mats, and  are also woven on the same many-warp pattern as tatami.

Raffia, rattan, and paper strips (treated and twisted to resemble rush) are also used in topsoles. Some soles are skiamorphic moldings that look like woven topsoles. Topsoles might also be made of cloth, leather, vinyl cloth, or EVA foam. Soles made entirely of waterproof (usually synthetic) materials are called  zori, literally rain-soled zori. Elastomer zori are called .

Wrapping straw straps with cloth makes the zori into  (cloth zori, ) Modern zori are usually made with the straps as a separate piece, not woven at the same time as the sole.

The  are the straps holding the sole to the foot; the part that should fit loosely between the toes is the , and the side-straps are the . , like zori soles, are traditionally symmetrical, with no difference between left and right, though some designs diverge from this.

The  of informal zori can be made of a velour-like material, as is often the case for  zori. The  of more formal colored vinyl zori are either vinyl or fabric straps. The fabric is often either the fabric used for the shoe, or  (a type of Japanese crepe, of silk or rayon), or cotton, often with a different, softer fabric underneath. Men's zori may also feature leather or leather imitation .

Traditionally,  are adjusted to the wearer, being tied through three holes by strings attached to the straps.  can wear and stretch easily; in such instances, the  can be adjusted or replaced through small flaps in the soles, which conceal the knots that hold them in place. In other instances, however, the  can be entirely inaccessible, requiring the glued sole to be split open, or entire shoe to be replaced.

Varieties and formalities

Both the gender of the wearer and the formality of the occasion affects the choice of zori. Regardless of variety, zori are almost always worn with  socks.

Women's zori are seldom flat, save for  zori. The soles come in different thicknesses and angles, and are typically covered by vinyl or fabric, though some modern varieties feature a hard black plastic sole with a non-slip base. In contrast, men's zori almost always feature a flat sole.

Zori with a woven wicker covering are referred to as   zori are generally considered to be relatively formal zori, even if the covering is a vinyl imitation of a woven bamboo-sheath cover. Though most zori with a  cover are considered to be menswear - known as  - traditional women's footwear with a  cover also exist, though these are generally confined to the  variety of geta. In contrast,  zori are more modern, and are not worn with kimono, but are considered working wear or are sometimes matched with casual Western or Japanese clothing. These zori more closely resemble a flat sandal with a woven base.

Setta were historically mostly , but , they were often ; they were also increasingly likely to have coloured and patterned straps.

Vinyl or plastic zori are next in formality. They are worn with formal clothing such as a semi-formal kimono. The most formal variety of zori are generally worn by women; they are brocade covered zori that are used with the most formal of kimono, such as wedding and funeral wear.

The , or thongs, may be white or black, depending on the occasion; white  are worn with formal zori, with black  considered to be informal. They may also complement the colour of the garment. Black, white, and red  are traditional and commonly mass-produced, but colourful  with a variety of patterns, sometimes chosen separately from the zori, are also popular.

See also
 Geta, traditional Japanese wooden sandals
 , traditional Japanese wooden clogs
 , traditional Japanese split-toed socks
 , traditional Japanese split-toed boots
 , a simpler form of traditional Japanese sandal
 , a zori that comes to life when possessed by a

Notes

References

External links

Sandals
Japanese footwear
Straw objects
Weaving

Zori


La Universidad Eclesiástica San Dámaso (UESD) es una universidad eclesiástica erigida por la Santa Sede en la Archidiócesis de Madrid (España). Imparte formación en Filosofía, Teología, Literatura Cristiana y Clásica, Derecho canónico y Ciencias Religiosas con validez oficial en todas las universidades. Su nombre está tomado del Papa de origen hispánico San Dámaso I .

Se encuentra localizada en la calle Jerte, en el centro de Madrid, junto a la célebre basílica de San Francisco el Grande, los Jardines de las Vistillas y contigua al Seminario Conciliar de Madrid, donde está la sede de la biblioteca y de la Facultad de Literatura Cristiana y Clásica San Justino. Su lema es "Veritatis Verbum communicantes" ("Transmisores del Verbo de la verdad").

Su Gran Canciller es José Cobo Cano. Su Rector es Javier María Prades López.

Historia
La Universidad san Dámaso está ligada a los estudios impartidos en el Seminario Conciliar de Madrid, cuya sede actual fue inaugurada en 1906. En 1967, se erige un 'Estudio teológico" a partir de la actividad docente propia del seminario, quedando ligado a la Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca.

A lo largo de los años, se van erigiendo instituciones académicas en el ámbito del seminario, dedicadas a la docencia de diferentes disciplinas: catequesis y ciencias religiosas (1977), liturgia (1987)... Hasta que en 1990 es aprobado por la Congregación para la Educación Católica el Centro de Estudios San Dámaso, siendo Arzobispo de Madrid el cardenal Antonio María Rouco Varela.

Seis años más tarde, pasa a erigirse Facultad de Teología. A partir de entonces se añaden nuevas instituciones dedicadas a más disciplinas del ámbito eclesial: Derecho Canónico (2007), Filosofía (2008), nuevo Instituto Superior de Ciencias religiosas (2012).

En 2011 la Congregación para la Educación Católica erigió la Universidad Eclesiástica San Dámaso en la que quedan integradas las Facultades de Teología, Filosofía, Derecho Canónico, Literatura Cristiana y Clásica San Justino y el Instituto Superior de Ciencias Religiosas.

En 2022, el Cardenal Carlos Osoro, Gran Canciller de la Universidad hasta julio de 2023, concedió la medalla de oro de la Universidad Eclesiástica San Dámaso a Benedicto XVI y al Cardenal Rouco Varela.

Organización académica
La Universidad San Dámaso cuenta con cuatro Facultades (Teología, Derecho Canónico, Filosofía y Literatura Cristiana y Clásica) y un Instituto Superior (Ciencias Religiosas). Ofrecen estudios de grado, máster y doctorado, así como títulos propios específicos en cada Facultad.

Facultad de Teología

En 1967 se erige el Estudio Teológico como prolongación de la actividad docente que, desde su fundación, venía desarrollando el Seminario Diocesano de Madrid. En 1990, la Congregación para la Educación Católica erigió canónicamente el Centro de Estudios Teológicos "San Dámaso" y aprobó sus estatutos.

En 1995, el entonces Arzobispo de Madrid, Antonio María Rouco Varela, inició las gestiones para la constitución de la Facultad de Teología. Un año después, la nueva Facultad es erigida, por la Congregación para la Educación Católica, en la que queda integrado el Instituto Superior de Ciencias Religiosas "San Dámaso".

En 1999 su sede se traslada al número 10 de la madrileña calle Jerte. Y en 2011, la Facultad queda integrada en la Universidad Eclesiástica San Dámaso. En ella estudian los seminaristas de la Provincia eclesiástica de Madrid, de otros seminarios como el seminario castrense, estudiantes de diferentes congregaciones y órdenes religiosas, y movimientos de vida apostólica como el Regnum Christi.

Cuenta con las cátedras de vida consagrada, en colaboración con la Conferencia Episcopal Española y de misionología, en colaboración con Obras Misionales Pontificias de España. Durante el curso 2021/2022, la Facultad celebra su 25 aniversario con actos como las jornadas de actualización pastoral para sacerdotes, en las que imparte una conferencia Lazzaro You Heung-Sik, prefecto de la Congregación para el Clero.

Afiliaciones
La Universidad está vinculada a los siguientes centros, a través de su Facultad de Teología:

 Seminario Mayor del Buen Pastor (Benguela - Angola)
 Centro de Estudios del Seminario Mayor San Pelagio (Córdoba)
 Instituto de Teología "Lumen Gentium" (Seminario Mayor de Granada)
 Plan Regional de Estudios del Monasticado de la Región Española de la Orden Cisterciense de la Estrecha Observancia.
 Seminario Conciliar de San Bartolomé de Cádiz
 Instituto Teológico Lucense (Seminario Mayor de Lugo)
 Seminario Pontificio Santo Tomás de Aquino (Santo Domingo - República Dominicana)

Además tiene como agregado al Instituto Superior de Estudios Teológicos "San Ildefonso" (Toledo) y patrocina a los siguientes institutos:
 Instituto Superior de Ciencias Religiosas "Beata Victoria Díez" (Córdoba)
 Instituto Superior de Ciencias Religiosas "Santa María" (Toledo)

Facultad de Derecho Canónico
En el año 2007, la Congregación para la Educación Católica erige el Instituto de Derecho Canónico como un instituto sui iuris de la Archidiócesis de Madrid con la facultad de conceder el grado académico de licenciatura en esa materia. Cuatro años más tarde, en 2011, la Congregación para la Educación Católica erige la Facultad de Derecho Canónico, que ese mismo año queda integrada en la nueva Universidad.

Anualmente celebra un curso de formación para los profesionales de los tribunales eclesiásticos en colaboración con el Tribunal de la Rota Romana del Vaticano.

Facultad de Filosofía
En 2008, la Congregación para la Educación Católica erige la Facultad de Filosofía "San Dámaso" y en 2011 se integra en la recién creada Universidad.

Cada dos años celebra un congreso-certamen para estudiantes de bachillerato de colegios e institutos con el objetivo de fomentar el pensamiento entre los jóvenes a través de cuestiones como la ciencia, la filosofía, la política o la religión.

En septiembre de 2022 organizó junto a la Universidad Católica Juan Pablo II de Lublin, en Polonia, un simposio internacional sobre estética medieval.

Facultad de Literatura Cristiana y Clásica
En 1987, el por entonces arzobispo de Madrid, Ángel Suquía reconoce por decreto la constitución de la Fundación San Justino, dedicada a la promoción del estudio y el conocimiento de la tradición cristiana, germen del futuro Instituto San Justino. En 1991, el mismo Suquía aprueba la creación del Instituto Diocesano de Filología Clásica y Oriental San Justino, dedicado a la enseñanza de lenguas clásicas y orientales, y dotado de un fondo bibliográfico propio.

En 2008, este instituto diocesano inicia un convenio de colaboración para cursos de latín, griego y etrusco con con la Sociedad Española de Estudios Clásicos. En 2010, el instituto "San Justino", merced al decreto de la Congregación para la Educación Católica, se erige en Facultad de Literatura Cristiana y Clásica "San Justino". Y un año después queda integrada en la Universidad Eclesiástica San Dámaso.

La Facultad ofrece la posibilidad de estudiar cursos de lenguas clásicas como arameo, acadio, sumerio, árabe, hebreo, latín, griego, siríaco o Egipcio Clásico..

Anualmente celebra una jornada sobre poesía religiosa y otra sobre la filiación en los inicios de la reflexión cristiana.

Instituto Superior de Ciencias Religiosas
En 1977, con el objetivo de responder a las necesidades de la Iglesia católica en materia de catequesis y formación, se crea el Instituto Superior de Ciencias Religiosas y Catequéticas. En 1986, la Congregación para la Educación Católica aprueba sus estatutos. Diez años más tarde, la Congregación erige la Facultad de Teología y en ella queda inserto el Instituto Superior de Ciencias Religiosas. Los nuevos estatutos del Instituto serían aprobados en el año 2000.

En 2011 la nueva Universidad San Dámaso absorbió la Facultad de Teología y, por ende, el Instituto. Un año más tarde, se establecieron dos modalidades de estudio en el Instituto: presencial y a distancia. En la actualidad existen más de 20 extensiones a distancia del Instituto en España y América.

En el Instituto Superior de Ciencias Religiosas se imparten las asignaturas exigidas por la Conferencia Episcopal Española para ser profesor de religión católica en los niveles de educación primaria y educación secundaria.  Para impartir la asignatura de religión católica en centros de enseñanza públicos y privados es necesario contar con la DECA (Declaración Eclesiástica de Competencia Académica).

Servicios

Biblioteca
Cuenta con más de 190000 volúmenes, algunos de cierto valor y antigüedad; muchos de ellos salvados por José María García Lahiguera durante el transcurso de la persecución religiosa durante la guerra civil española.

Revistas y publicaciones
La Universidad ha publicado cierto número de libros correspondientes a las disciplinas que trabaja: el servicio de publicaciones mantiene desde hace años distintas colecciones bibliográficas. Además, sostiene la publicación regularmente de cuatro revistas: Teología y Catequesis, Revista Española de Teología, Estudios bíblicos y Ius Communionis.

Gobierno

 Cardenal José Cobo Cano: Gran Canciller
 D. Javier María Prades López: rector
 D. Gabriel Richi Alberti: decano de la Facultad de Teología
 D. Juan Manuel Cabezas Cañavate: decano de la Facultad de Derecho Canónico
 D. Víctor Manuel Tirado San Juan: decano de la Facultad de Filosofía
 Dña. Pilar González Casado: decana de la Facultad de Literatura Cristiana y Clásica San Justino
 D. Eduardo Toraño López: director del Instituto Superior de Ciencias Religiosas
 D. Raúl Orozco Ruano: Secretario General

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página web oficial de la Universidad Eclesiástica san Dámaso
 Ubicación de la Universidad en Google Maps

Universidad Eclesiástica San Dámaso


O Câncer de adrenal (carcinoma adrenocortical) é um tumor originado na córtex da glândula adrenal. por ser infrequente (raro), tem uma incidência anual de 0,5/2 casos de , existe um pico de casos em crianças até os 5 anos e adultos na média de 40-50 anos. Geralmente esses tumores começam um excesso produção de hormônios, excesso de produção de catecolaminas e produzir quantidades maiores de cortisol na circulação, o que pode causar distúrbios metabólicos.

Fatores de risco
Por tumores adrenais serem infrequentes (raras), ainda não existem fatores de risco definitivos para tumores adrenais.
 Neoplasia endócrina múltipla tipo 2;
 Neurofibromatose tipo 1;
 Síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann;
 Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni;
 Síndrome do paraganglioma;
 Síndrome de Von Hippel-Lindau.

Sintomas e sinais
Tumores malignos (como o Câncer de adrenal) em fases avançadas costumam ter os sintomas parecidos com outros tipos de câncer, como:
 Anemia;
 Dores abdominais;
 Fadiga;
 Febre;
 Perda de peso sem motivo aparente;
 Sangramento na urina;
 Surgimento de massa abdominal.

Prevenção
Apesar de ter uma grande quantidade de exames para diagnósticos, não existe um caminho certo para prevenir os tumores adrenais. Em caso de sintomas, consulte um médico urologista ou oncologista.

Tipos de câncer

Câncer de adrenal


SS Espagne a fost o navă belgian de marfă din timpul Primului Război Mondial care a fost torpilată de submarinul german SM UC-71 în Canalul Mânecii la sud-vest de St. Catherine's Point, Isle of Wight, Marea Britanie (50 ° 26'N 1 ° 29'WCoordonate: 50 ° 26'N 1 ° 29'W) în timp ce călătorea din Le Havre, Franța spre Newport, Marea Britanie.

Construcția

Espagne a fost construită în anul 1909 la șantierul naval Chantiers Navals Anversois S.A din Hoboken, Belgia. Ea a fost terminată și lansată la apă în anul 1909. Nava avea 71,78 metri lungime, cu o lățime de 11 metri și o înălțime de 3,73 metri. Nava a fost evaluată la 1.463 de tone. Avea un motor cu triplă expansiune de cca 150 cai putere.

Scufundarea

În timp ce Espagne călătorea din Le Havre, Franța spre Newport, Marea Britanie, ea a fost văzută de submarinul german SM UC-71 în Canalul Mânecii, la sud-vest de St. Catherine's Point, Isle of Wight, Marea Britanie, la data de 25 decembrie 1917. Submarinul a tras o torpilă, care a avut ca consecință uciderea a 21 membri ai echipajului. Espagne s-a scufundat sub valuri în câteva minute. Au existat trei supraviețuitori care au fost mântuiți.

Epava

Epava Espagne se află scufundată la sud-vest de St. Catherine's Point, Isle of Wight, Marea Britanie, la o adâncime de aproximativ 40 metri (50 ° 26'N 1 ° 29'W).

Vezi și
 Cargou
 Submarin
 SM UC-71
 Primul Război Mondial

Referințe

Nave
Nave comerciale
Termeni navali
Tipuri de nave
Submarine
Submarine germane

SS Espagne (1909)


Hârn is a campaign setting for fantasy role-playing games, designed by N. Robin Crossby, and published by Columbia Games in 1983.

In 1998 Crossby founded Kelestia Productions (KP), an electronic publishing e-company. KP and CGI now independently produce printed and online materials for use with Hârn-based role-playing campaigns and fiction.

The role-playing game, HârnMaster, was developed specifically for use with Hârn. It enables players, gamemasters, and writers to develop character descriptions that exploit the deep level of detail found in Hârn.

History
The campaign world of Hârn was first described in the set Hârn (1983) from Columbia Games, which presented a folio with a general overview, with background, history, and religion of the island of Hârn along with the small Hârndex encyclopaedia, and a map of Hârn drawn by N. Robin Crossby. Shannon Appelcline described that "Hârn was broadly based on Norman England, with some fantasy elements appearing through dwarves, elves and orcs. It was low magic and [...] tried to create a genuinely real setting, based on careful research and consideration."

Setting
Hârn is an island off the western coast of the region of Venârivè (the northwestern part of the continent of Lýthia) on the planet Kèthîra, but as Hârn has traditionally been the focus of the setting, many people refer to the world as Hârn or HârnWorld. Hârn is notable for several reasons:

 It has no 'evil' versus 'good' aspect that dominates many other FRPGs.
 It has a high level of detail and internal consistency. A large number of individual cities, fortifications, towns, manors and adventure locations have been described down to the names of the peasant families residing there. In its immense detail it rivals other game worlds known for their depth, such as Tekumel.
 It is also notable for its high level of realism and a concomitant low level of magic. Its societies are, for the most part, modeled closely on Earth during the Middle Ages (specifically, that of Norman Britain). Nonetheless, it has many of the standard trappings of fantasy, such as elves, dwarves, orcs, wizards, etc. Many of these have a unique Hârnic spin.
 The written history and events of Hârn are current up to a specific point in time (midnight on the first day of the year 720), and there is no intention of "advancing" the official timeline beyond this point. The individual game masters control the history and events that occur after this point. Thus, all Hârn games are unique but spring from a common starting point.

The island of Hârn has seven human kingdoms and two kingdoms ruled by other species. In alphabetical order, these are:

 Azadmere is the home of the Khuzdul, the Hârnic dwarves.
 Chybisa is viewed as a struggling independent monarchy or a breakaway county of Kaldor.
 Evael is located along the southern coast and is the forest home of the reclusive Sindarian, the Hârnic elves.
 Kaldor is a feudal kingdom with a weak king. Located at the hub of four trade routes, it is a power in the east. It is perhaps the most detailed of all of the kingdoms.
 Kanday is a stolid, chivalric kingdom situated in the western part of the island of Hârn.
 Melderyn is the most ancient kingdom on Hârn, reputedly founded by wizards. It is located in the southeastern part of the island and claims a monopoly on trade with the Lythian continent.
 The northern land of Orbaal was once a collection of peaceful princedoms inhabited by the Jarin people (analogues of the British Celts) until it was conquered by the Ivinians (analogous to the Vikings). Now the Jarin are brutally suppressed, but some plot rebellion.
 Rethem is widely viewed as the "evil kingdom" but this is because its rulers value might and merit over birth and privilege (or, possibly, because its largest town was the base for a crusade by the church of the death-god Morgath). It is a kingdom born of war and beset by enemies on all sides.
 Tharda rose from the ashes of the former Corani Empire (as did Kanday and Rethem) and is the island's only non-monarchist state; its patron-client social structure is superficially similar to that of Roman Republic. Petty corruption and patronage are rife. The Republic is very ambitious in its territorial claims.

The island is also home to over a dozen human "barbarian" tribal nations and many bands of Hârnic orcs, known as gârgún.

The planet Kèthîra, on which Hârn is situated, is one of seven linked parallel worlds collectively known as Keléstia. Among the other worlds in the family are Terra (or Earth); Yàsháin, a high-magic world which is the afterlife of Kèthîra; Midgaad, a parallel of Tolkien's Middle-earth; and the Blessed Realm, a parallel of the land of the same name in Tolkien's works. It is suggested that the ancestors of Kèthîra's elves and dwarves came from Midgaad to Kèthîra; in the case of the elves this is a stopping off point on a longer journey to the Blessed Realm. Kèthîra's Sinái retain the custom of building swan-shaped ships in which they sail to the Blessed Realm when they weary of their time on Hârn (in this case sailing through a periodically appearing interworld portal known as the Nimeliant off Hârn's northeastern coast).

In addition to the island of Hârn itself, products have been released covering the nearby regions of Shôrkýnè (a large feudal kingdom with a weak king) and Ivínia (an analogue of Scandinavia complete with fjords, Vikings, and a religion similar to that of the old Norse).

Other products have been released detailing the island kingdom of Chélemby, a mixed-Ivínian trading state (an analogue of the medieval Scandinavian trading state of Visby). A product detailing the nearby Hârbáaler kingdom of Lédenheim is also available.

Most recently, a product has been released which details the whole sub-continental region of Venârivè (an area roughly equivalent to Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Middle-East). This product provides the basis for adventuring and exploration beyond the island of Hârn, and puts the island and its cultures in their wider context.

Reception
In the September 1983 edition of Dragon (Issue 77), Roger Moore liked the Hârn game system. He admired the map, which he called, "beautiful. If you are a fan of fantasy cartography, the map makes a wonderful addition to one's collection, having lots of legible detail and a well worked out ecological system and geography." Moore was also quite impressed with the booklet called the Harndex that listed all sorts of interesting information on people and places. He noted some similarities to the work of J.R.R. Tolkien, but pointed out that gamemasters could easily expunge that material if they wished. He concluded by recommending the Hârn game system to "experienced referees who don't mind using a largely prefabricated universe with a few minor alterations to suit their own campaign tastes... State of the art? It could be better, but it is very good."

Three years later, in the March 1986 edition of Dragon (Issue 107), Eric Pass reviewed some of the supplementary material that had been published, namely the Cities of Hârn supplement, Encyclopedia Harnica #1-#13 and the regional module Ivinia. Pass liked all of them, saying, "All of these products are richly detailed and fully consistent. The only complaint I with this material is the [high] prices." He concluded that "This material is a savior for the hard-pressed GM whose players expect and demand detailed playing environments and backgrounds. All of the supplements contain well-constructed, consistent, interesting information that will take hours to absorb. Keep a notebook by your side as you read, because you'll get all sorts of ideas for play."

Ten years later, in the May 1996 edition of Dragon (Issue 229), Rick Swan reviewed the rereleased and revised Harn World boxed set. Swan admitted that it "emphasizes culture and economics at the expense of magic and monsters, making it less appealing to hack 'n'slashers than to veterans who take their games seriously." He also conceded that the rules system was very complex: "Unwieldy? Perhaps. To call Harn World ambitious is like calling the Grand Canyon a large hole." But Swan recommended the Harn World system to experienced players, saying, "If you've outgrown dungeon crawls, you might be ready to jump in."

Community
Columbia published most of the canon material about Hârn in the early 1980s; at that point (around the time the first edition of the Harnmaster rules was published) the interval between new products lengthened and some scheduled products were never completed (such as the Trierzon and Azeryan regional modules). The setting was sustained throughout the 1990s and early 2000s by fan-created material, popularly called "fanon." The high quality and consistency of the fanon products, as well as the interactivity of message fora such as HarnList and HârnForum have kept the setting alive.

Hârnic fanon, although independently written, is notable for its goal of staying consistent with the hundreds of pages of canon material spread over more than twenty years of publication. In many instances high quality art was produced and professional grade layout and design was done to make the material look similar to products produced by the publishers. There are points of confusion regarding the sanctioning and format of fanon. Both CGI and Kelestia have different fanon guidelines.

System

References

External links
 Kelestia.com: authorised by the estate of N. Robin Crossby
 Columbia Games  Harn and Harn Master

Fantasy campaign settings
Columbia Games games

Hârn


Silla-Tang-krigen (traditionel kinesisk: 羅唐戰爭; forenklet kinesisk: 罗唐战争; hanyu pinyin: Luó-Táng Zhànzhēng; hanja: 羅唐戰爭; hangeul: 나당전쟁; revideret romanisering af koreansk: Na-Dang Jeonjaeng) fandt sted mellem 670 og 676 mellem det koreanske kongerige Silla og det kinesiske Tang-dynasti, efter, at Táng som Sillas allierede havde hjulpet riget med at besejre de to andre af Koreas tre kongedømmer, Baekje og Goguryeo, i Goguryeo–Tang-krigen. Silla-Tang-krigen var ikke en formel krig, men snarere en serie af militære sammenstød mellem de to tidligere allierede lande, som begge ønskede at beholde kontrollen over de områder, som var blevet erobret fra de andre koreanske riger.

Sillas sejr i konflikten med Táng og rigets fortsatte uafhængighed regnes ofte som et vigtigt vendepunkt i Koreas historie.

Baggrund

Silla-Táng-alliancen, som sammen havde erobret de koreanske riger Baekje og det langt mægtigere rige Goguryeo, som var blevet svækket af indre stridigheder, førte til, at Silla- og Táng-hærene okkuperede disse rigers tidligere områder. Efter Goguryeos fald i 668 oprettede Táng-kejseren Gāozōng Generalprotektoratet for at pacificere østen og forsøgte at underlægge hele Koreahalvøen, herunder det uafhængige, allierede rige Silla, under sit styre. Det var på grund af dette, at Silla-Tang-alliancen brød sammen, da Silla forsøgte at modsætte sig dette.

Kong Munmu af Silla havde dermed intet andet valg end at kæmpe for at befri sit land og områderne vundet efter blodige erobringskrige, særlig det som tidligere var kongeriget Baekje og det sydlige Goguryeo, fra Tángs herredømme. For at gøre dette muligt, indgik Munmu alliancer med Goguryeo-oprørsledere som Geom Mojam og Anseung, og gik til angreb på Táng-styrkerne, som okkuperede Baekje og Goguryeos tidligere områder. Kampene mellem de tidligere allierede startede næsten umiddelbart efter Goguryeos fald og oprettelsen af Generalprotektoratet for at pacificere østen og kom til at vare til langt ind i 670-erne.

Hændelser

I 674 havde Silla og Táng udkæmpet mange slag, og kong Munmu havde overtaget mange af områderne erobrede fra Bakje og Goguryeo fra Táng-styrkerne som siden disse rigers fald havde okkuperet områderne, og i andre områder okkuperede af kinesiske styrker havde han opfordret til koreansk modstand mod okkupationen. I dette år erklærede kejser Gāozōng i et udbrud af vrede Munmus broder Gim Inmun for at være Sillas konge, og sendte en hær under Liu Rengui for at angribe Silla. Men før noget større slag kunne blive udkæmpet, bad kong Munmu af ukendte årsager (måske var det fordi han var uvillig til at have en tronprætendent i riget og ikke var klar til at kæmpe mod Táng) formelt om undskyldning og sendte tribut til Táng, hvilket tilfredsstillede Gāozōng, som før han blev kejser havde været ven med Munmus fader Muyeol, hvilket ikke blot kan have gjort Gāozōng i stand til at hjælpe Silla med at starte de koreanske foreningskrige i 660 til trods for, at han også havde fjender andre steder, men også fik ham til at have en venligsindet indstilling mod Silla. Eftersom Gāozōng ikke ønskede at forlænge felttoget, gav han ordre til, at hæren og Gim Inmun skulle vende tilbage.

I 675 nåede den kinesiske general Li Jinxing Sillas territorier ved at tage landvejen ved hjælp af mohestyrker i Manchuriet, som havde underkastet sig Tang, med den intention at okkupere sillanske områder. Ved Maeso-fæstningen nær nutidens Yeoncheon blev han besejret af en Silla-hær.

Det følgende år krydsede Xue Rengui Det Gule Hav for at kæmpe mod Silla, men han blev mødt af en sillansk flåde, som ved Sillas vestlige kyst slog ham tilbage. Det er muligt, at det var dette nederlag, som var Gaozongs motivation til at afsætte Xue Rengui og sende ham i eksil det år (det er blevet foreslået, at han blev sendt i eksil året før, men det giver ikke mening, at han skulle være blevet afsat før han ledede Táng-styrker i dette slag. I 681 vendte han tilbage fra eksil og blev genindsat som general).

Nu var det ingen kinesiske styrker tilbage i Korea, og efter, at de østlige tyrkere gjorde oprør i 679, opgav kejser Gaozong alle planer om at invadere Koreahalvøen, som nu var blevet helt erobret af Silla, og han gav ordre til, at alle Táng-soldater skulle trækkes ud af Korea. Generalprotektoratet for at pacificere østen blev flyttet til Liaodong, hvilket tydede på, at Táng frasagde sig kravene over Sillas områder på Koreahalvøen, hvilket gjorde Silla i stand til at forene denne så langt nord som til Taedongfloden. Områderne nord herfor forblev under Tangs kontrol. Tang-empiriet havde kontrollen over Liaodong-halvøen, mens Silla kontrollerede den koreanske halvø.Næsten et tiår efter, at han havde besejret den største organiserede hær i øst (Goguryeo) og fortsat måtte kæmpe mod kongedømmet, som en gang var hans allierede, indså kejser Gaozong, at det ikke var muligt at erobre Silla, særlig ikke når han måtte bekæmpe fjender andre steder.

Efterspil

Til trods for kejser Gaozongs indsats førte krigene, som han udkæmpede, ikke bare i Korea i øst, til at hans rige blev militært svækket således, at det ikke var i stand til at effektivt modsætte sig Silla-modstanden mod Táng-styrkerne i Korea. I 676 blev Táng-styrkerne udvist fra Korea af Silla, da kendt som Det forenede Silla, og før 680 havde Táng, som efter østtyrkernes oprør også blev truet af Kejserriget Tibet og andre fjender så som uighurerne, helt opgivet sine planer om at underlægge sig Silla. Dette var sidste gang, at et kinesisk dynasti planlagde at invadere Korea for at okkupere eller erobre landet, med undtagelse af Yuan-dynastiet med mongolsk ophav og Det senere Jin-dynasti med manchuisk ophav.

Til trods for, at de tidligere havde været Tángs fjender, blev flere embedsmænd og kommandanter fra Goguryeo indsatte i Táng-dynastiets administration og militær, således brødrene Yeon Namsaeng og Yeon Namsan, sønner af Yeon Gaesomun. Disse ledere og også deres efterfølgere blev assimilerede i Táng-lederskabet, og kom til at give landet flere dygtige officerer og administratorer.

Med undtagelse af mongolinvasionerne af Korea var den næste gang, at kinesiske styrker indtog Korea, under Imjinkrigen, næsten tusind år senere, da de støttede det koreanske rige Joseon i dettes bestræbelser på at drive de japanske invasionsstyrker ud.

At Silla sikrede sin uafhængighed på Koreahalvøen førte til oprettelsen af forhold i Nordøstasien, som siden stort set har været de samme: Korea mellem Kina og Japan, som ofte har fungeret som en bufferstat mellem naboerne (med undtagelse af perioder med isolation).

Efter denne konflikt kom Det forenede Silla og de følgende koreanske stater til at søge samarbejde med de langt større kinesiske dynastier for at undgå invasioner. Denne strategi var fremgangsrig i henseende til at undgå assimilering med Kina, men stoppede ikke andre folkeslag, som jurchenerne, manchuerne og japanerne, fra at invadere Korea.

Noter

Litteratur

Krige i Asien
Koreas historie
Kinas historie

Silla–Tang-krigen


Der schwarze Hexenmeister (Originaltitel: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel – The Warlock) ist ein Fantasyroman des irischen Autors Michael Scott aus dem Jahr 2011 und bildet den fünften Teil der Reihe Die Geheimnisse des Nicholas Flamel. Die deutsche Ausgabe wurde von Ursula Höfker übersetzt und ist am 19. März 2012 im cbj-Verlag erschienen.

Aufbau
Das Buch umfasst 432 Seiten und besteht aus einem Vorwort Perenelle Flamels ("aus dem Tagebuch von Nicholas Flamel, Alchemyst"), 56 Kapiteln (datiert auf Mittwoch, 6. Juni), einer "Anmerkung des Autors", in der Michael Scott über Vimanas und das Fliegen erzählt (beides spielt im Buch eine wichtige Rolle), und einer Danksagung. Zusätzlich wurde vor der Danksagung das Vorwort des sechsten Bandes eingefügt. Die Widmung des Buches lautet:

Titel

Zwar lautet die wörtliche Übersetzung von Warlock tatsächlich Hexer oder Hexenmeister, der Autor verwendet in diesem Buch aber die (inzwischen veraltete) Bedeutung Schwurbrecher. Daher ist die Übersetzung des Titels als Der schwarze Hexenmeister (zunächst war der geplante deutsche Titel Der Hexer) nicht korrekt. Der Titel bezieht sich auf Niccolò Machiavelli, der den Eid bricht, den er seinem Meister geleistet hat.

Im Deutschen entsteht der Eindruck, Mars Ultor sei die Titelfigur, da er der einzige Charakter ist, der mit Hexenmeister angesprochen wird. Die übrigen im Original als Warlock bezeichneten Figuren heißen im Deutschen einfach Schwurbrecher (ohne Bezug zum Titel).

Vorgeschichte

Die Handlung schließt direkt an den vorangegangenen Band an.

Handlung
Die Geschichte spielt gleichzeitig in der Gegenwart und der Vergangenheit (der Zeit vor dem Untergang von Danu Talis).

Gegenwart

Die Älteren Isis und Osiris verlassen auf Veranlassung der Hexe von Endor hin ihr Schattenreich und suchen in den Katakomben von Paris den dort gefangenen Mars Ultor auf. Dort treffen sie mit der Hexe zusammen, die Mars, ihren Mann, wieder von seinem Fluch befreit, sodass er Jagd auf Dr. John Dee machen kann.

Nicholas Flamel, Perenelle und Prometheus verlassen das Schattenreich Hades, das untergeht, da Prometheus sehr geschwächt ist. Sie machen sich auf den Weg zu Tsagaglalal, wo sie auf Niten und Sophie treffen. Sophie hat soeben entdeckt, dass ihre Tante Agnes die geheimnisvolle Tsagaglalal ist. Nicholas Flamel liegt derweil im Sterben. Einer alten Prophezeiung Marethyus folgend, wirkt Perenelle einen Zauber, um ihren Mann vor dem Tod zu retten. Dabei überträgt sie einen Tag ihres Lebens auf Nicholas, was aber gleichzeitig bedeutet, dass beide nach Ablauf eines Tages den Tod finden werden.

Josh, Dee und Virginia Dare fliehen von Telegraph Hill nach Alcatraz, wobei sie von Torbalan und Nereiden verfolgt werden. Dort angekommen, wollen sie Niccolò Machiavelli und Billy the Kid bei ihrem Auftrag unterstützen, die Monster von Alcatraz auf San Francisco loszulassen. Während Dee nun den Plan ausarbeitet, mithilfe der Elemente-Schwerter nach Danu Talis zu reisen und die Älteren zu besiegen, beschließen Machiavelli und Billy, den Auftrag ihrer Meister nicht auszuführen und somit die Zerstörung ihrer Welt zu verhindern. Sie werden aber von den anderen gefangen genommen; diese lassen den Lotan, einen siebenköpfigen Wasserdrachen auf San Francisco los. Virginia Dare lehrt Josh daraufhin die Luftmagie.

Die Ältere Hel, die sich an Dee rächen will, und ihr Onkel Odin, der immer noch Rache für den Tod von Hekate will, machen sich auf die Suche nach dem Magier. Dabei treffen sie auf Mars Ultor, der sich ebenfalls auf der Jagd befindet. Black Hawk bringt die drei Älteren im Auftrag Quetzalcoatls zu Tsagaglalal, damit alle gemeinsam gegen Dee vorgehen können. Tsagaglalal überreicht ihren neun Gästen auf smaragdene Tafeln geschriebene Briefe, die ihr Mann Abraham vor zehntausend Jahren geschrieben hat und in denen er Anweisungen hinterlassen hat. Im Anschluss machen sich Mars Ultor, Odin, Hel und Black Hawk auf den Weg nach Alcatraz, um Dee aufzuhalten; Nicholas und Perenelle Flamel, Niten und Prometheus begeben sich zum Embarcadero, um den Lotan zu bekämpfen. Tsagaglalal lehrt Sophie die Erdmagie.

Bevor der Lotan die Stadt erreicht, gelingt es Nicholas Flamel, ihn durch einen alchemistischen Vorgang in ein Ei zurückzuverwandeln. Sophie gelangt durch ihre Smaragd-Tafel direkt zu ihrem Bruder nach Alcatraz. Dort hat Dee zwar die Monster befreit, er wird aber sofort von Mars, Odin, Hel und Black Hawk angegriffen. Dee erschafft mithilfe der Elemente-Schwerter ein Zeittor nach Danu Talis, durch das er, Virginia Dare, Josh und auch Sophie schreiten.

Vergangenheit

Unter der Leitung von Marethyu sind Scathach, Johanna von Orléans, der Graf von Saint-Germain, Palamedes und William Shakespeare nach Danu Talis gelangt, in die Zeit vor dem Untergang. Doch sie werden sogleich von Vimanas, scheibenförmigen Fluggeräten, die mit Anpu-Kriegern besetzt sind, gefangen genommen und in einem Vulkankrater, den Huracan, eingesperrt. Marethyu wird vor Aten, den Herrn von Danu Talis geführt, den er dazu bringt, ihn freizulassen, damit er seinen Auftrag ausführen kann. Doch Atens Bruder Anubis, der die Anpu-Krieger anführt, beschließt zusammen mit seiner Mutter Bastet, Aten abzusetzen, da dieser Danu Talis offenbar an Marethyu verrät; die beiden wollen die Macht an sich reißen.

Abraham der Magier schickt seinen Vertrauten Prometheus zum Huracan, um Scathach, Johanna, Saint-Germain, Palamedes und Shakespeare zu befreien. Sie fliehen in einer Rukma, einer Kampf-Vimana, zum Turm Abrahams. Der Turm, Königs-Turm genannt, wird von Anpu belagert, doch Gilgamesch und Tsagaglalal haben die Verteidigung übernommen. Als der Kampf beinahe verloren ist, taucht Marethyu auf und rettet sie. Anschließend gibt Abraham ihnen allen den Auftrag, die Insel zu zerstören, da ansonsten die bekannte Welt aufhören würde, zu existieren.

John Dee, Virginia Dare und Josh und Sophie kommen schließlich auf Danu Talis an, wo Isis und Osiris sie erwarten. Dee erkennt in ihnen seine Meister und bittet um Verzeihung, Josh und Sophie erkennen in ihnen ihre Eltern.

Figuren

Neu im fünften Band sind:
 Isis und Osiris: Die beiden Älteren leben in einem Schattenreich, das der untergegangenen Insel Danu Talis nachempfunden ist, herrschen aber über eine Vielzahl anderer Reiche. Sie sind Tante und Onkel von Aten und Anubis.
 Hel: Die Ältere war einst schön und lebte in einem kunstvollen Schattenreich aus Metall. Durch die Schuld von John Dee wurde ihre Welt zerstört und sie verwandelte sich in ein beinahe hundeähnliches Wesen. Sie schickt die Torbalan auf die Spur von Dee und verbündet sich mit ihrem Onkel Odin, um Dee zu töten.
 Tsagaglalal oder Die Wächterin: Sie ist die Schwester Gilgameschs und war die Frau Abrahams des Magiers. Sie beobachtete die Zwillinge seit ihrer Geburt in der Gestalt von Tante Agnes. Sie bringt die verschiedenen Charaktere dazu, sich gegen Dee zu verbünden und übergibt ihnen Botschaften ihres Mannes aus der Vergangenheit. Sie bildet Sophie in der Erdmagie aus. Der Geruch ihrer Aura ist Jasmin.
 Torbalan (Sackmänner; Boggarts): Diese Wesen werden von Hel auf die Jagd nach Dee geschickt. Dabei treten sie als Radfahrer auf, die einen Rucksack tragen, dessen gefährlichen Inhalt nur Wenige kennen.
 Der Lotan: Er ist ein siebenköpfiger Wasserdrache, den Nereus Machiavelli übergibt, um ihn auf San Francisco loszulassen. Er entzieht Wesen in seiner Umgebung die Aura und frisst sie darauf. Wenn ein frisch geschlüpfter Lotan in Berührung mit Wasser kommt, wächst er sogleich auf eine riesige Größe heran.

Die folgenden Figuren kommen in ihrer Vergangenheit vor:
 Abraham der Weise: Es ist unbekannt, was für ein Wesen er ist. Er lebt in einem kristallenen Turm auf Danu Talis, wo er die das Schicksal der Welt prophezeit. Mit der Zeit verhärtete sich seine Aura und er verwandelte sich in eine goldene Statue, weshalb er zuvor all sein Wissen im Codex niederschrieb.
 Prometheus und Gilgamesch: Sie sind Verbündete von Abraham.
 Tsagaglalal: Sie ist die Frau Abrahams und Schwester von Gilgamesch.
 Aten oder Akhenaten: Der Ältere folgte seinem Vater auf dem Thron von Danu Talis nach, verbündet sich aber schließlich mit Marethyu.
 Bastet: Sie ist die Mutter von Aten und Anubis und will zusammen mit Anubis Aten stürzen, der in ihren Augen ein Verräter ist.
 Anubis: Er erhält von seiner Mutter Bastet den Befehl, Aten, Marethyu und die übrigen Gefangenen zu töten.
 Anpu: Die Krieger mit Schakalkopf, roten Augen und Säbelzähnen stehen unter dem Befehl von Anubis. Sie sind für die Verteidigung von Danu Talis zuständig.
 Isis und Osiris: Sie unterstützen den Plan von Anubis und Bastet und empfangen Josh, Sophie, Dee und Virginia Dare auf Danu Talis. Dee spricht sie als "Meister" an, für Josh und Sophie erweisen sie sich als Mutter und Vater.
 Megalodons: Sie sind riesige, haiähnliche Wesen, die in den Gewässern von Danu Talis leben.

Rezeption

Kritiken
Jan Chapman gab dem Buch im Magazin Voice of Youth Advocates die Höchstbewertung von fünf Punkten. Scott habe mit diesem Band neue Energie in die Serie gebracht; der Konflikt zwischen den Zwillingen reichere die actionreiche Geschichte mit Spannung an, zudem wirkten die Figuren entwickelter als bisher. Die Anhäufung der mythologischen Wesen sei wie immer ein wenig verwirrend, steigere aber Spaß und Aufregung. Die Nebenhandlung mit der Zeitreise zurück nach Atlantis sei gekonnt in Szene gesetzt und sehr unterhaltsam. Die kurzen und sehr anschaulichen Sätze trieben den Leser zusätzlich an und ergänzten das tolle Tempo der Handlung. Die Serie passe gut zu den Büchern von Rick Riordan.

Alissa LeMerise rezensierte im School Library Journal das Hörbuch und bezeichnete es als ein "must-have" und ein "edge-of-the-seat"-Abenteuer: Es sei der nächste "aufregende, actionreiche" Teil einer Serie, die wohl zu den bemerkenswertesten Vertretern moderner Fantasy gezählt werden könne. Keine der Figuren sei, wer sie vorgebe zu sein, und es gebe große Überraschungen. Der Cliffhanger am Ende steigere die Erwartungen auf den letzten Teil.

Im Main-Echo wurde geurteilt, die Serie passe perfekt ins Portfolio des Fantasy-Genres. Die Geschichte des Buches sei "fesselnd und voller schwarzer Magie, jenseits der Realitäten junger Leser und gerade deswegen so faszinierend". Es würden sowohl männliche als auch weibliche Leser angesprochen.

Platzierungen
Das Buch erreichte auf der Buchreport-Bestsellerliste Platz 21 (Hardcover/Belletristik) bzw. Platz 5 (Jugendbücher), auf der Börsenblatt-Bestsellerliste Platz 10. In der Bestsellerliste von USA Today erreichte die Originalausgabe Platz 13; in der Jugendserien-Bestsellerliste der New York Times stieg Die Geheimnisse des Nicholas Flamel wieder auf Platz 2 auf.

Literarische Bezüge
Im 47. Kapitel zitiert Tsagaglalal die Zeile An sich ist nichts weder gut noch böse. Das Denken erst macht es dazu. aus Hamlet von William Shakespeare.

Buchausgaben

Hörbuch
Es erschien kein deutschsprachiges Hörbuch.

Das englische Hörbuch ist ungekürzt und wird von Paul Boehmer gelesen. Es erschien am 24. Mai 2011 bei Listening Library. Alissa LeMerise lobte Boehmer im School Library Journal für die Verwendung charakteristischer Akzente und Tonfälle, mit denen er auf bemerkenswerte Weise die unterschiedlichsten Figuren porträtiere und die Geschichte zu sprühendem Leben erwecke.

Weblinks
 Offizielle deutsche Website zur Serie
 Das Buch im Online-Katalog des Verlags
 Offizielle Website von Michael Scott
 Offizielle amerikanische Website zur Serie

Einzelnachweise

Literarisches Werk
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Englisch)
Literatur (Irland)
Roman, Epik
Fantasyliteratur
Jugendliteratur
Michael Scott (Schriftsteller, 1959)
Mythologie in der Literatur

Der schwarze Hexenmeister


Wayland D. Holyfield (born March 15, 1942) is a prominent American songwriter and leader in the songwriting community. His music has been regarded as a standard for "honest simplicity" in the Nashville writing community.

Personal life
Wayland Holyfield was born in Mallettown, Conway County, Arkansas.  He was educated in Arkansas public schools and attended Hendrix College at Conway, Arkansas before graduating from the University of Arkansas with a degree in marketing in 1965.  Prior to his musical career Holyfield was a wholesale appliance salesman and advertising account manager. He and his wife, Nancy, have three grown children, Greg, Mark and Lee.

Early career
In 1972, Holyfield left Arkansas and moved to Nashville, Tennessee to pursue a songwriting career and his first song was recorded in 1973. He received his first number one hit with "Rednecks, White Socks and Blue Ribbon Beer". In 1975, Holyfield achieved his first solo number one hit "You're My Best Friend" recorded by Don Williams.

In addition to his collaborations with Williams, Holyfield's songs have been recorded by numerous Nashville singers including George Strait, Reba McEntire, Barbara Mandrell, Kathy Mattea, Tammy Wynette, Conway Twitty, Charley Pride, Randy Travis, The Judds, Mark Chesnutt, John Anderson, Mel Street, Gary Allan, Johnny Rodriguez, The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, The Oak Ridge Boys, Ernest Tubb, Anne Murray and Charly McClain.  During his career Holyfield was writer of over 40 Top Ten hits and 14 #1 hits. Some of his best-known songs are "Could I Have This Dance", "Some Broken Hearts Never Mend", "Til The Rivers All Run Dry", "You're the Best Break This Old Heart Ever Had", "Only Here For a Little While", "Meanwhile", and "Nobody Likes Sad Songs".

In his home state of Arkansas, Holyfield is most famous for his song "Arkansas, You Run Deep In Me" which was written for the 1986 Arkansas Sesquicentennial celebration. It was named one of Arkansas' official state songs in 1987. Holyfield played the song at the inauguration of President Bill Clinton in 1993.

Leadership and awards
Holyfield is the current chairman of the Nashville Songwriters Foundation.  He has been a member of the board of directors of the Nashville Songwriters Association International, (NSAI) for almost 25 years. Since 1990 he has been serving on the ASCAP board of directors, the first Nashville songwriter to do so. And as of 2007 will have served for almost 17 years.

Holyfield received a Grammy Award nomination in 1972 for "Could I Have This Dance" and in 1979, he received the NSAI Presidential Award. Holyfield has won 14 BMI Performance Awards and 16 ASCAP Performance Awards.

Holyfield was the 1983 ASCAP Country Writer of the Year co-winner and in 1992 he was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame and to the Arkansas Entertainers Hall of Fame.

References

External links
 Lyrics to "Arkansas (You Run Deep In Me)", from Arkansas Secretary of State's website
 Wayland Holyfield Interview - NAMM Oral History Library (2013)

1942 births
Living people
American country songwriters
American male songwriters
People from Conway County, Arkansas
Songwriters from Arkansas
University of Arkansas alumni

Wayland Holyfield


An Ammochloa in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Ammochloa in nahilalakip ha familia nga Poaceae.

An kladograma hini sumala ha Catalogue of Life:

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Ammochloa

Ammochloa


The Maxim restaurant bombing was a suicide bombing which occurred on October 4, 2003, in the beachfront "Maxim" restaurant in Haifa, Israel. Twenty-one civilians were killed and 60 were injured. Among the victims were two families and four children, including a two-month-old baby.

The restaurant, which is located at the seafront near the southern boundary of the city of Haifa, was frequently attended by both Arab and Jewish local populations, and was widely seen as a symbol of peaceful coexistence in Haifa.

The militant organization Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for the attack. It was condemned by Palestinian President Yasser Arafat.
The restaurant's interior was destroyed by the blast (it was completely rebuilt seven months after the attack).

Background
The Maxim restaurant is a beachfront restaurant located near the south entry to Haifa. It is co-owned by Jews and Christian Arabs, and is known for being a symbol of co-existence.

The attack

On October 4, 2003, at 14:10 pm, the 28-year-old Palestinian suicide bomber Hanadi Jaradat detonated the explosive belt she was wearing inside the Arab-Jewish Maxim restaurant in Haifa. 21 Israelis (18 Jews and 3 Arabs) were killed, and 60 others were wounded.
The bomb included metal fragments packed around the explosive core, that sprayed around the restaurant, maximizing lethal effect. According to Haifa police sources, the aftermath was gruesome, with some of the dead still sitting upright at their tables, while others, including children and babies, were slammed against the walls. Due to the force of the explosion, all that remained of Jaradat was her head.

Among the victims were two families and four children, including a two-month-old baby. Three Maccabi Haifa officials were lightly injured in the bombing.

The assailant

The suicide bomber, 28-year-old Hanadi Jaradat () from Jenin, was the sixth female suicide bomber of the Al-Aqsa Intifada and the second woman recruited by Islamic Jihad.

When she was 21, her fiancé had been killed by Israeli security forces. At the time of her suicide bombing, Jaradat was a law student due to qualify as a lawyer in a few weeks. According to a story in Ha'aretz, based on Arab media and interviews with Israeli and Arab sources, she agreed to the bombing after Israel Defense Forces undercover operatives in Jenin killed her cousin (Salah, 34), and her younger brother (Fadi, 25), both of whom were accused by Israeli forces of being Islamic Jihad operatives, with her cousin being considered to be a senior member of the Al-Quds Brigades group.

Israeli response

The day following the suicide bombing, the Israeli Army demolished the home of Jaradat's family, and the homes of two neighbors who were uninvolved in the bombing. In response to the attack, which Israel claimed was planned in the Damascus headquarters of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, an alleged terrorist training camp in Ain es-Saheb, Syria, was bombed by four Israeli Air Force jets. One person was injured, and munitions were allegedly destroyed during the strike.

Jamal Mahadjne, an Israeli-Arab from Umm al-Fahm, was arrested within hours of the attack for driving Jaradat to her destination. Mahadjne had regularly taken fees for illegally driving Palestinians to Israel, taking advantage of his Israeli identity card to cross the border without difficulty. He confessed his actions to Shin Bet agents, and was indicted before the Haifa District Court for being an accessory to murder and for other crimes relating to his illegal activities on November 10.

On November 7, Israel Defense Forces troops arrested senior Islamic Jihad militant Amjad Abeidi, who planned the attack, along with a number of other suicide bombings, during an operation in Jenin. During the operation, Jenin was placed under curfew as soldiers searched homes. One Palestinian teenager was shot dead while climbing a tank, and three Palestinians were wounded. The complex in which Abeidi was hiding was located and searched, and a weapons cache was found. After a grenade was thrown into the cache, Abeidi was lightly wounded and surrendered. As the soldiers left Jenin with Abeidi, Palestinian militants opened fire at them, and the soldiers returned fire. One militant, a member of the Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, was killed. Abeidi was handed over to Shin Bet for interrogation.

In 2017 Oran Almog, one of the victims of the attack, addressed the United Nations Security Council to demand that the Palestinian Authority cease incentivizing terrorism by paying stipends to terrorists.

Official reactions
Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon stated that Israel held Palestinian President Yasser Arafat responsible for the attack. Arafat condemned the bombing. U.S. President George W. Bush condemned the attack, calling it a "murderous action" and a "despicable attack".

Aftermath

In response to his daughter's actions, her father Taisir declined all condolences, instead saying that he was proud of what his daughter had done, and that "I will accept only congratulations for what she did. This was a gift she gave me, the homeland and the Palestinian people."

In October 2012, the Arab Lawyers Union awarded their top award to Hanadi Jaradat, and sent a delegation to her family to present them with the award. Ayman Abu Eisheh, who is a member of the Palestine Committee at the Arab Lawyers Union, explained that the lawyers were proud of Jaradat, saying that suicide bombing was "in defense of Palestine and the Arab nation."

Although the interior of the restaurant was destroyed in the attack, it was quickly rebuilt and reopened within several months. A monument was erected near the restaurant in memory of the victims killed in the attack.

See also
 Palestinian political violence
 Israeli casualties of war
 Islamic terrorism

References

External links
 Suicide bombing of Maxim restaurant in Haifa – published at the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs
 Suicide attacker kills at least 19 in north of Israel – published in The New York Times on October 5, 2003
 Israel suicide attack kills 20 – published by BBC News on October 4, 2003
 Bomb kills 19, wounds 50 in Israel – published in The Boston Globe on October 5, 2003
 Homicide Bomber Kills 19 at Israeli Restaurant – published by Fox News on October 5, 2003
 Female Bomber Kills 19 In Israeli Suicide Strike – published in the New York Daily News on October 5, 2003
 Woman suicide bomber kills 19 Israelis on Jewish holy day – published inb The Daily Telegraph on October 5, 2003

Suicide bombings in 2003
Israeli casualties in the Second Intifada
Suicide bombing in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine attacks
Terrorist incidents in Israel in 2003
Mass murder in 2003
Massacres in Israel
Attacks on restaurants in Asia
History of Haifa
Terrorist incidents in Haifa
October 2003 events in Asia
Building bombings in Israel

Maxim restaurant suicide bombing


كفر مشكي هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء راشيا في محافظة البقاع.

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في قضاء راشيا
أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
قرى لبنان

كفر مشكي


Bøtø Nor er et inddæmmet område på Falster. Oprindelig var det en lavvandet bugt, og mellem bugten og Østersøen lå tre lave øer: Langø, Bøtø og Bøtø Fang. I 1700-tallet var de tre øer og Falster vokset sammen og det kilometerbrede nor strakte sig fra Sildestrup til Gedesby.

I 1860-1865 tørlagdes noret, men stormfloden i 1872 ødelagde anlægget. I 1873-1875 blev det falsterske dige anlagt for at forhindre yderligere oversvømmelse. 173 hektar blev fredet i 1972 og er udlagt som fuglereservat.

I 1988 fandt man i forbindelse med oprensningen af en kanal vraget af det, som siden blev kendt som Gedesbyskibet. Det var et handelsskib fra omkring år 1300.

Naturbeskyttelse
Den centrale del af Bøtø Nor blev fredet i 1976, efter at Danmarks Naturfredningsforening havde rejst fredningssag i 1969. Ca. 175 ha omkring Nørresø i området kom ind under fredningen, og i den forbindelse blev 105 ha afstået til staten. Naturstyrelsen har lige siden stået for driften af arealerne, under navnet Bøtø Nor Reservatet, der er et er et vådområde med enge, rørskov og småsøer. Bøtø Nor er en del af Natura 2000-område nr.173 Smålandsfarvandet nord for Lolland, Guldborgsund, Bøtø Nor og Hyllekrog-Rødsand.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Naturstyrelsens folder "Bøtø"
 Tørlægningen af Bøtø Nor ændrede Danmarks-kortet

Fredede arealer i Danmark
Lokaliteter i Guldborgsund Kommune
Nor

Bøtø Nor


Cora Eppstein (née Carolie Mayer dite Eppstein le  à Metz et morte le  à Paris ) est une chanteuse et résistante allemande au nazisme.

Biographie
Cora Eppstein est la fille d'Emil Mayer Eppstein et de Karolie Mayer, dite Leonie, sa cousine. La famille déménage dans la région de la Sarre le , d'abord à Neunkirchen et plus tard à Sarrebruck. Là, ils habitent au Gersweilerstrasse 18, puis dans la Neugeländestrasse.

À Sarrebruck, elle suit une formation de chanteuse. En 1926, elle donne un concert à l'Association de la jeunesse juive (des chansons de Franz Schubert, Richard Wagner, Gustav Mahler, Arnold Schönberg). Elle a son premier engagement au théâtre national de la Sarre.

Elle s'installe d'abord à Francfort-sur-le-Main puis à Berlin en 1930, reste au chômage et donne des concerts dans des petites salles avec d'autres artistes au chômage. Active dans le mouvement antifasciste et communiste, elle chante lors d'événements au profit de la Roter Frontkämpferbund et du Secours ouvrier international. Elle est souvent accompagnée au piano de son compagnon, le compositeur Eberhard Schmidt.

En 1933, persécutée par les nazis en tant que juive et pour des raisons politiques, elle retourne dans la Sarre pour échapper aux persécutions fascistes avec Schmidt, qu'elle épouse en secondes noces. À Sarrebruck, elle se produit avec la chorale ouvrière de Rudolf Loewy et fait la connaissance de sa fille Esther Bejarano. Ils participent à la campagne du référendum sur le statut de la Sarre. Elle apparaît souvent lors d'événements organisés par des sociaux-démocrates, des communistes, des syndicalistes et des groupes catholiques contre Hitler.

Après le vote de la Sarre pour le Troisième Reich le , elle s'enfuit en France avec son mari. À Nancy, ils séjournent deux semaines chez l'oncle d'Eppstein, un rabbin orthodoxe. Elle y donne trois concerts dans la communauté juive. Eberhard Schmidt part en  pour se battre dans la guerre d'Espagne. En , elle meurt du typhus à Paris. Le 23 de ce mois, Schmidt, interné au camp de Gurs, reçoit un télégramme annonçant la mort de Cora Eppstein. Il est autorisé à se rendre à Paris pour les obsèques qui ont lieu début . On ne sait pas dans quel cimetière Cora Eppstein fut enterrée.

Commémoration
Une soirée musicale a eu lieu à Sarrebruck en son honneur en 2013. À Sarrebruck, une place de la vieille ville est baptisée son nom en .

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Liste de résistants allemands au nazisme

Liens externes

Résistante allemande
Naissance en août 1900
Naissance à Metz
Naissance dans le district de Lorraine
Décès en août 1939
Décès dans le 12e arrondissement de Paris
Décès à 38 ans
Mort du typhus

Cora Eppstein


Thikriwala es una ciudad de la India en el distrito de Barnala, estado de Punyab.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 236  a 170 km de la capital estatal, Chandigarh, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 10 586 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Punyab (India)

Thikriwala


ශේසාදේ මෙහෙමෙද් (1521 - 7 නොවැම්බර් 1543) යනු සුල්තාන් සුලෙයිමාන් Iගේ සහ ඔහුගේ බිරිඳ වූ හුරෙම් සුල්තාන්ගේ පුත් වන ඔටෝමාන් කුමාරයෙකි (ශේසාදේ). ඔහු මනිසා හි ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයා ලෙස සේවය කළේය.

මුල් ජීවිතය
ශේසාදේ මෙහෙමෙද් 1521 දී පැරණි මාලිගයේ දී සුලෙයිමාන්ගේ රෝඩ්ස් වෙත උද්ඝෝෂනය කරන අතරතුර උපත ලැබීය. ඔහුගේ උපන් දිනය කඳවුරේදී පැවැත්වුණේ පුද පූජා පවත්වමින් දානය බෙදා දීමෙනි. ඔහුගේ මව ඕතඩොක්ස් පූජකයෙකුගේ දියණියක වූ හුරෙම් සුල්තාන් ය. 1533 හෝ 1534 දී ඔහුගේ මව වහල්කමින් නිදහස් කර සුලෙයිමාන්ගේ නීත්‍යානුකූල බිරිඳ බවට පත්විය. ඔහුට වයස අවුරුදු තුන වන විට මියගිය අබ්දුල්ලා, ශේසාදේ සෙලීම් (අනාගත සෙලීම් II), ශේසාදේ බයේසිද්, සහ ශේසාදේ ශ්‍යාංගීර් යන බාල සොහොයුරන් හතර දෙනෙක් සහ මීරිමා සුල්තාන් නම් බාල සොහොයුරියක් සිටියේය.

මෙහෙමෙද් ව ඔහුගේ සහෝදරයන් වන ශේසාදේ මුස්තාෆා සහ  ශේසාදේ සෙලීම් සමග 1530 ජූනි 27 දින චර්මච්ඡේදනය කරන ලදී.

වෘත්තීය
1534 පෙබරවාරි මාසයේදී මුස්තාෆා මනිසා හි ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයා ලෙස පත් කරන ලදී. අනෙක් අතින්, මෙහෙමෙද් අගනුවර රැඳී සිටි අතර 1537 දී ඔහු තම පියා සමඟ කෝර්ෆු වෙත සිය ව්‍යාපාරයට එක් විය. 1541 දී, ඔහු සහ ඔහුගේ බාල සොහොයුරන් වන ශේසාදේ සෙලීම් සහ ශේසාදේ බයේසිද්, බූදා වෙත ව්‍යාපාරයක් සඳහා ඔවුන්ගේ පියා සමඟ ගියේය.

සුලෙයිමාන් හුරෙම්ගේ පුත්‍රයාට අනුග්‍රහය දැක්වූ අතර සම්ප්‍රදායට පටහැනිව ඔහුගේ දෙවැනි සහ වඩාත්ම ආදරණීය පුත්‍රයා වන මෙහෙමෙද්  ඔහුගේ උරුමක්කාරයා ලෙස පත් කළේය. ඔවුන් 1542 ඔක්තෝම්බර් මාසයේදී කෝර්ෆු වෙතින් ආපසු පැමිණීමෙන් පසු, සුලෙයිමාන් හුරෙම්ගේ බලපෑමට යටත්ව, මෙහෙමෙද්ව මනිසා හි ආණ්ඩුකාරයා ලෙස පත් කළේය. ඔහු කරමන් හි ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයා ලෙස සෙලිම්ව පත් කළේය.
මෙහෙමෙද්ගේ පත්වීමට පෙර, ශේසාදේ මුස්තාෆා 1541 ජූනි 16 දින අමස්‍යා වෙත යවන ලදී. මෙහෙමෙද් 1542 නොවැම්බර් 12 වන දින මනිසා වෙත පැමිණි විගස ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයා ලෙස ඔහුගේ රාජකාරි විධිමත් ලෙස ආරම්භ කළේය.

කෙසේ වෙතත්, ඔහුගේ මව ඔහුගේ පළාත් තනතුරට ඔහු සමඟ ගියේ නැත. මනිසා ලේඛනයකින් පෙන්නුම් කරන්නේ ඇය 1543 දී මෙහෙමෙද් හමුවීමට ගිය බවයි. එම වසරේම ඇය කරමන් හි ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයා ලෙස පත් කරන ලද ඇගේ බාල පුත් සෙලිම් කුමරු ද බැලීමට පැමිණියාය. ඔහුගේ එකම දරුවා, හුමාශා සුල්තාන් 1543 දී මනිසා හි උපත ලැබීය.

'එව්ලියා චෙලෙබි' මෙහෙමෙද්ව විස්තර කරන්නේ "මුස්තාෆාටත් වඩා විශිෂ්ඨ ගුණාංගයන්ගෙන් යුත් කුමාරයෙකු ලෙසය. ඔහුට විදින බුද්ධියක් සහ සියුම් විනිශ්චයක් තිබුණි. සුලෙයිමාන් ඔහුව ඔහුගේ අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා කරවීමට අදහස් කර ඇත, නමුත් මිනිසා යෝජනා කරන අතර දෙවියන් වහන්සේ බැහැර කරයි".

මරණය
ශේසාදේ මෙහෙමෙද් 1543 ඔක්තෝබර් 31 බදාදා මනිසාහිදී රෝගාතුර විය. ඔහු කෙටි කලකට පසු නොවැම්බර් 7 බදාදා රාත්‍රියේ මිය ගියේය, බොහෝ විට වසූරිය හේතුවී ඇත. ඊළඟ දවසේ, 'ලලා පාශා' සහ 'දෙෆ්තෙදාර් ඊබ්‍රහීම් චෙලෙබි' ඔහුගේ දේහය ඉස්තාන්බුල් වෙත ගෙන ගියහ. ඔහුගේ මරණයෙන් පසු ඔහුගේ බාල සොහොයුරු සෙලීම් ඔහු වෙනුවට මනිසා ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයා ලෙස පත් කරන ලදී.

මෙහෙමෙද්ගේ මරණයෙන් පසු, සුලෙයිමාන් විසින් සුප්‍රසිද්ධ අධිරාජ්‍ය ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පී 'මිමාර් සිනාන්' විසින් මෙහෙමෙද් අනුස්මරණය කිරීම සඳහා ඉස්තාන්බුල්හි ශේසාදේ මුස්ලිම් පල්ලිය ඉදිකරන ලදී. තවද, සුලෙයිමාන් මෙහෙමෙද් වෙනුවෙන් ප්‍රබන්ධයක් රචනා කළ අතර කවිය අවසන් කළේ "කුමාරයන්ගෙන් වඩාත් කැපී පෙනෙන, මගේ සුල්තාන් මෙහමඩ්" යන පේළියෙනි.

ජනප්‍රිය සංස්කෘතිය තුල
 'හුරෙම් සුල්තාන් නම් 2003 රූපවාහිනී කුඩා කතාමාලාවේ, ශේසාදේ මෙහෙමෙද් ගේ චරිතය රඟපෑවේ තුර්කි නළු 'සෙස්ගි මෙන්ගි' විසිනි.
 2011-2014 රූපවාහිනී කතා මාලාවේ Muhteşem Yüzyıl, (විශිෂ්ට සියවස) ශේසාදේ මෙහෙමෙද් තුන්වන වාරයේ තුර්කි නළු 'Gürbey İleri' (ප්‍රධාන චරිත) විසින් නිරූපණය කරන අතර, සහ 'Arda Anarat' විසින් දෙවන සහ තෙවන වාරයන්හි නිරූපණය කරයි.

මේවාද බලන්න
ඕටමන් අධිරාජ්‍යය
තුර්කිය

මූලාශ්‍ර
 Peirce, Leslie P., The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire, Oxford University Press, 1993,

1522 උපත්
1543 විපත්
16වන සියවස

ශේසාදේ මෙහෙමෙද්


شيروود أندرسون ، (ولد في 13 سبتمبر 1876 - توفي في 8 مارس 1941). روائي أميركي وكاتب قصص قصيرة، وأحد رواد مدرسة الواقعية، له تأثير واضح على الأدب الأميركي، تعد مجموعته القصصية الأولى واينزبيرج ـ أوهايو أهم أعماله. صدى أسلوبه الأدبي ملاحظ لدى كتاب الجيل التالي مثل إرنست همنجواي وويليام فوكنر وجون شتاينبك وتوماس ولف وآخرون.

حياته

ولد شيروود أندرسون في كامدن - أوهايو، وهي قرية صغيرة تعدادها 2302 نسمة حسب إحصاء عام 2000، وهو الطفل الثالث لكل من الأب إروين م. أندرسون والأم إيما س. أندرسون، بعد فشل أعمال والده، تنقلت الأسرة بشكل متكرر، إلى أن استقرت في نهاية الأمر في مدينة كلايد بأوهايو، وبسبب الصعوبات التي مرت على الأسرة أدمن والد أندرسون الشراب حتى وفاته في عام 1895، تلك المحن أدت إلى أن يهجر شيروود المدرسة وهو ابن الرابعة عشر، وكان شديد الشغف بالعمل حتى أُطلق عليه لقب جوبي(Jobby).

انتقل إلى شيكاغو ليقطنن بجوار منزل أخيه كارل، توظف كعامل عادي، ثم قرب نهاية القرن تجند في جيش الولايات المتحدة، استدعي من قبل الجيش لخوض الحرب الإسبانية الأمريكية، ولكنه لم يحضر أي واجب عسكري قتالي فيها، التحق بعد ذلك بجامعة ويتنبيرج في سبرينجفيلد بولاية أوهايو، في نهاية المطاف استطاع تأمين وظيفة في إحدى وكالات النشر والإعلان بشيكاغو، في عام 1904 تزوج كارولينا لان وهي ابنة أسرة ثرية من أوهايو.

في أثناء تواجده في مدينة كليفلاند بأوهايو أنجب ثلاثة أبناء، انتقل بعد ذلك لمدينة إيليريا - أوهايو حيث نجح في إدارة عمل طلب عبر البريد وأيضا كمدير لإحدى شركات تصنيع الطلاء، في نوفمبر من عام 1912 اختفى لمدة أربعة أيام على إثر انهيار عصبي أصيب به، وقد وصف ذلك بأنه هروب من حياته المادية، حظيت هذه المقولة بإشادة الكثير من الكتاب، انتقل مره أخرى لشيكاغو للعمل في إحدى وكالات النشر والإعلان.

في عام 1916 طلق زوجته الأولى وتزوج من تينسي ميتشيل، وفي نفس العام نشر روايته الأولى ابن وندي ماكفيرسون  والتي تصف هجران رجل معين للحياة التقليدية وقيمها، ثم نشر عام 1917 رواية الرجال السائرون ، في عام 1919 نشر عمله الأهم مجموعته القصصية الأولى واينزبيرغ ـ أوهايو، قال شيروود أن قصة أيادي (Hands) الافتتاحية في تلك المجموعة هي أول أعمال الإبداع الحقيقي له، موضوعاته كانت مماثلة للكتاب الحداثيين في ذلك الوقت، عبّرت عن سأم وتلف الأفراد الذين يعيشون ضمن أنظمة اجتماعية أو صناعية تقليدية.

بالرغم من النجاح الملاحظ له ككاتب قصة إلا أنه ظل يكتب الرواية، فقام بنشر رواية الأبيض المسكين  عام 1920، لاقت هذه الرواية نجاحاً مُلفتاً، في نفس العام طلق شيروود اندرسون زوجته تينسي وتزوج بعدها بعامين إليزابيث برال.

نشر أندرسون روايته زيجات متعددة  في عام 1923 كانت موضوعات الرواية ركائز لفكره الأدبي في أعماله التالية، تلقت الرواية الكثير من النقد ولكن في نهاية الأمر كان النقد إيجابياً، على سبيل المثال يعتقد سكوت فيتزجيرالد أن أفضل أعمال أندرسون الروائية هي زيجات متعددة ودائرة الموت.

انتقل اندرسون في بدايات عام 1924 للعيش في شقق بونتالبا وهي تقع في مبنى تاريخي بجوار ميدان جاكسون في نيو أورلينز، لويزيانا، استضاف هو وزوجته هناك العديد من الأدباء والمفكرين والشعراء من أمثال ويليام فوكنر وكارل ساندبرج وايدموند ويلسون، كتب في تلك الأثناء رواية بعنوان ملتقى الجنوب  ثم في عام 1925 نشر روايته الضحكة السوداء  وهي تجذر لخبرته بنيو أورلينز، وفيها يقارن أندرسون الحياة السعيدة غير المعقدة التي ظن أنها تتمثل في حياة زنوج عصره من الأمريكيين بالحياة المادية العقيمة التي تتمثل في حياة الأمريكيين البيض. كما قام بكتابة توطئة لرواية سيول الربيع وهي أول رواية لإرنست هيمنغواي.

فشلت الزيجة الثالثة لأندرسون فتزوج في آواخر عشرينيات القرن الماض من إيلينور كوبينهافر، نشر خلال الثلاثينيات كتاب الموت في الغابة وأميركيا اللغز ورواية أداة براندون التي نشرت عام 1936.

في عام 1932 أهدى روايته وراء الرغبة لزوجته إيلينور، بالرغم من أن أندرسون كان مُقلاً في إنتاجة الأدبي في تلك الفترة لكن يعد نتاجه الأدبي أفضل مما قدمه قبل ذلك.

توفي أندرسون في بنما تأثرا بالتهاب الصفاق نتيجة لإبتلاعة عود تخليل أسنان كان موضوعا في كوب مارتيني يتناوله أثناء إحدى الحفلات، دفن أندرسون في مدينة ماريون بولاية فيرجينيا، كتبت على شاهد قبره عبارة المغامرة الأكبر ليست في الموت إنما في الحياة

أعماله
 ابن وندي ماكفيرسون (1916، رواية)
 الرجال السائرون (1917، رواية)
 واينزبيرج ـ أوهايو (1919، مجموعة قصصية)
 الأبيض المسكين (1920، رواية)
 انتصار بيضة (1921، مجموعة قصصية)
 زيجات متعددة (1923، رواية)
 خيول ورجال (1923، مجموعة قصصية)
 قصة راوي (1924، رواية شبه سيرة ذاتية)
 مذكرات شيروود أندرسون (1924، مذكرات)
 الضحكة السوداء (1925، رواية)
 ملتقى الجنوب (1925، رواية)
 الكاتب الحداثي (1925، كتاب)
 طفولة الغرب الأوسط (1926، رواية شبه سيرة ذاتية)
 ملاحظات شيروود أندرسون (1926، مذكرات)
 ترحيب المدن (1929، مجموعة قصصية)
 أليس: الرواية الضائعة (1929، رواية)
 في طريقها للنشر (1930، كتاب)
 وراء الرغبة (1932، رواية)
 الموت في الغابة (1933، مجموعة مقالات)
 أميركا اللغز (1935، مجموعة مقالات)
 أداة براندون (1936، رواية)
 سيرة دريسير (1936، كتاب)
 واينزبيرج وأخريات (1937، مسرحية)
 المدينة الوطن (1940، رواية)
 سان فرانسيسكو في أعياد الميلاد (1940، مذكرات)
 حياة الحيوانات (1966، رواية نشرت بعد وفاة المؤلف)
 العودة إلى واينزبيرج ـ أوهايو (1967، مقالات نشرت بعد وفاة المؤلف)
 مذكرات شيررود أندرسون (1968، مذكرات نشرت بعد وفاة المؤلف)
 لا تباهي (1970، رواية نشرت بعد وفاة المؤلف)
 علهم نساء (1970، رواية نشرت بعد وفاة المؤلف)
 أوراق حمى الصيادين (1971، مقالات نشرت بعد وفاة المؤلف)
 عشر مسرحيات قصيرة (1972، مسرحيات)
 مراسلات ومقالات بين أندرسون وجيرترود شتاين

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص من إليريا (أوهايو)
أشخاص من كلايد (أوهايو)
أشخاص من كليفلاند (أوهايو)
أشخاص من مقاطعة ماريون (أوهايو)
أشخاص من مقاطعة مورو (أوهايو)
أعضاء الأكاديمية الأمريكية للفنون والآداب
خريجو جامعة ويتنبرج
روائيون أمريكيون في القرن 20
روائيون أمريكيون
روائيون من أوهايو
روائيون من إلينوي
كاتبون إعلانيون أمريكيون
كاتبون إعلانيون
كتاب أمريكيون في القرن 20
كتاب قصة قصيرة أمريكيون في القرن 20
كتاب قصة قصيرة ذكور أمريكيون
كتاب مذكرات أمريكيون
كتاب من أوهايو
كتاب من شيكاغو
كتاب من كليفلاند
مشيخيون أمريكيون
مواليد 1876
مواليد في كامدين (أوهايو)
وفيات 1941
وفيات بسبب التهاب البريتون
وفيات عرضية في بنما

شيروود أندرسون


Viskozna obojnjača ili ljepljiva tobolčarka (lat. Volvopluteus gloiocephalus) je vrsta jestive gljive iz roda Volvopluteus.

Opis
 Klobuk viskozne obojnjače je širok od 8 do 15 centimetara, u najranijoj mladosti gotovo stožast, zatim konveksan i na kraju raširen i lagano tupo ispupčen; prilično mesnat; kožica je glatka i ljepljiva, lako se guli; prljavobijele je boje ili čađavosiv.
 Listići su široko, gusti, nejednako dugi, slobodni, najprije bijeli zatim ružičasti.
 Stručak je visok od 10 do 15 centimetara, vitak, cilindričan; od klobuka prema dolje sve deblji, gladak, pun, bjelkastosvilenkast; kad spore sazriju, napraši se crveno; na samom dnu je malo zadebljan i obavijen u rastrgan bijeli ovoj koji obično ostaje u zemlji kad se gljiva ubere,
 Meso je mekano, bijelo, zadah mu je neugodan na rotkvicu; okus kao da steže usta.
 Spore su u masi crvene, eliptične, 12 – 18 x 8 – 10 μm.

Stanište
Raste od veljače do listopada pojedinačno ili razbacano na plodno obrađenom zemljištu, dakle u vrtovima, parkovima, krumpirištima, kukuruzištima i uz putove.

Upotrebljivost
Viskozna obojnjača je jestiva, ali nije delikatesna.

Sličnosti
Moguća je zamjena također jestivom Volvaria (Volvariella) specioza Singer koja ima potpuno bijeli klobuk, a ostala su obilježja gotovo ista. Treba spomenuti još vrlo sličnu i također jestivu vrstu Volvariella volvacea Singer koja ima manje dimenzije, a bitno se razlikuje time što joj je ovoj smeđe boje. Od smrtno otrovnih bijelih pupavki lako se razlikuje time što ima crvene listiće i na stručku nema vjenčića.

Slike

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Agaricales
Jestive gljive

Viskozna obojnjača


Sarıkaya, Zonguldak ilinin Karadeniz Ereğli ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında Şeyhler olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Zonguldak il merkezine 55 km, Karadeniz Ereğli ilçe merkezine 25 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Karadeniz Ereğli belde ve köyleri

Sarıkaya, Karadeniz Ereğli


Berchidda (im galluresischen Dialekt Bilchidda) ist eine italienische Gemeinde (comune) mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) in der Provinz Nord-Est Sardegna auf Sardinien. Die Gemeinde liegt etwa 31,5 Kilometer südwestlich von Olbia und etwa 14 Kilometer südsüdöstlich von Tempio Pausania.

Sehenswürdigkeiten und Kultur
Der Dolmen di Monte Acuto liegt auf einer Lichtung, auf einem Hochplateau am Fuße des Monte Acuto, westlich von Berchidda.

Seit 1988 findet in Berchidda jährlich das Jazzfestival Time in Jazz statt. Organisiert wird es vom in Berchidda geborenen Jazztrompeter Paolo Fresu.

Verkehr
Durch die Gemeinde führt die Strada Statale 597 di Logudoro von Codrongianos nach Olbia (zugleich E 840). Der Bahnhof von Berchidda liegt an der Bahnstrecke Cagliari–Golfo Aranci Marittima.

Weblinks

 Website des Festivals Time in Jazz

Einzelnachweise

Ort auf Sardinien
Weinbauort in Italien

Berchidda


Príncipe Ernst Rüdiger Camillo von Starhemberg, muitas vezes conhecido simplesmente como Príncipe Starhemberg, (Eferding, 10 de maio de 1899 – Schruns, 15 de março de 1956) foi um nacionalista e político austríaco que ajudou a introduzir o austrofascismo e instalar uma ditadura clerical fascista na Áustria no período entre guerras. Um feroz oponente de Anschluss, ele fugiu da Áustria quando os nazistas invadiram o país e serviu brevemente com as forças francesas e britânicas livres na Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Starhemberg foi um líder do Heimwehr e mais tarde da Frente Pátria. Ele serviu no Bundesrat entre 1920 e 1930, como Ministro do Interior em 1930, Vice-Chanceler em 1934 e, posteriormente, Chanceler Interino e Líder da Frente após o assassinato de Engelbert Dollfuß, renunciando ao cargo anterior após alguns dias. Desiludido com os modos moderados do chanceler Kurt Schuschnigg, ele foi deposto do poder em 1936, quando o Heimwehr foi dissolvido, e fugiu do país após o Anschluss para evitar a retaliação dos nazistas vingativos.

Ele viveu no exílio na Suíça e serviu com os aliados ocidentais nas forças aéreas britânicas e francesas por um curto período no início da Segunda Guerra Mundial, mas se desencantou com eles quando se aliaram à União Soviética de Joseph Stalin, que ele via tão mal quanto os nazistas. Partiu para a Argentina, onde passou os treze anos seguintes no exílio. Ele morreu durante uma visita prolongada à Áustria em 1956.

Ele foi o 1 163º Cavaleiro da Ordem do Tosão de Ouro, Ordem Austríaca.

Políticos da Áustria

Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg


حقيقة الأخبار هي دورية مصرية تصدر باللغة العربية أسسها أنيس خلاط في القاهرة عام 1877م.

مصادر

تأسيسات سنة 1877
صحف توقفت عن الصدور في مصر

حقيقة الأخبار (جريدة)


ත්‍රිමාන සජීවන- දර්ශන සැලැස්ම

	දර්ශන සැලැස්ම ලෙස හැදින්වෙන්නේ, නිශ්චල අනුරැවක් හෝ සජිවන නිර්මාණයක් නිර්මාණ'ය කර ගැනීම සදහා අතාත්වික වස්තුන්, ආලෝකය, කැමරා සහ අනෙකුත් උපකරණ පසුතලයෙහි සැලසුම් කරගන්නා ආකාරයයි.

	අලෝකකරණය දර්ශන සැලුසුමෙහි වැදගත් අංගයක් වේ. සැබැ ලෝකයේ චිත්‍රපට නිර්මාණයේ දර්ශන පසුතල සැලසුම් කිරිමේදි මෙන්ම, සෞන්දර්යාත්මක හා දෘස්‍ය ගුණාත්මක භාවයෙන් ඉහල අවසන් නිර්මාණයක් ලබා ගැනීම සදහා. ආලෝකකරණය විශාල දායකත්වයක් දක්වයි. එමෙන්ම මෙය හොදින් ඉගෙනීම යම්තාක් දුරට අසිරැ කාර්යයක් ද විය හැක. දර්ශනයක අන්තර්ගත විවිධ හැගිම් නියමාකාරයෙන් මතු කර ගැනීමට ආලෝක ආචරණ බහෙවින් දායක වේ. මෙය ඡායාරෑප ශිල්පින් හා නාට්‍යමය ආලෝකරණ ශිල්පින් හොදින් දන්නා කරැණකි.

	විදුදැනුම භාජනය කිරිමට පෙර, පරිශිලක පාලන ක්‍රමයකින් (user-controlled) ආකෘතියක මතුපිට වර්ණ ගැන්වීම වඩා සුදුසුය. බොහෝ ත්‍රිමාන ආදර්ශන මෘදුකාංග (3D modelling software)  පරිශිලකයාට හට ආකෘතියෙහි දෛශික වර්ණ ගැන්වීමට ඉඩ ලබා දෙන අතර, විදු දැනුම අතරතුර එම වර්ණය ආකෘතියෙහි මතුපිට හරහා අන්තර් නිවේශණය වේ. බො‍හෝ අවස්ථාවලදි ත්‍රිමාන ආකෘතියක ට වර්න ගැන්වවන්නේ මේ ආකාරයටයි. ත්‍රිමාන ආකෘතියකට වර්ණ සම්බන්ද තොරතුරැ එකතු කිරිමේදී ඉතා බහුලව භාවිතා වන ක්‍රමය වන්නේ texture mapping ක්‍රියාවලියයි. මෙහිදි ත්‍රිමාන ආකෘතියෙහි පෘෂ්ඨයට ද්විමාන ස්වභාවයේ අනුරැවක් ඇතුලත් කරයි. ද්විමාන ස්වභාවයේ හා ඩිජිටල් අනුරැ අතර වැඩි වෙනසක් නැත. එහෙත් texture mapping ක්‍රියාවලියේදි, ත්‍රිමාන ආකෘතියේ පෘෂ්ටයයේ විවිධ කොටස් වලට අනුරෑප වන ස්වභාවයේ අනුරැවෙහි කොටස් නිරැපණය වන පරිදි, විශේෂ දත්ත ආකෘතියට එකතු කරයි. ස්වභාවය යොදා ගැනීම නිසා ත්‍රිමාන ආකෘති වඩා විස්තරාත්මක සහ තාත්වික ස්වභාවයක් ලබයි. ත්‍රිමාන ආකෘති වල තාත්වික බාවය වැඩි කිරිම සදහා  texturing  සහ අලෝකය ඇරැණු විට වෙනත් ආචරණය ද යොදා ගත හැක. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස පෘෂ්ටික ලම්බක tweak කිරිම. සමහර පෘෂ්ඨ වලට bump mapping ඇතුලත් කිරිම ආදි විවිධ ත්‍රිමාන විදදදනුම් ප්‍රයෝග නම් කල හැක.

ත්‍රිමාන අකෘති, එය නිර්මාණය කල ආකෘතිය තුලම සජිවනය කල හැකි අතර, වෙනත් ස්ථානයකට යොදා ගත හැක. ඉතා සංකිර්ණ චලන ඇතුලත් දර්ශන නිර්මාණයේදි  key framing යන ශිල්පිය ක්‍රමය යොදා ගනි. Key framing ක්‍රමය යොදා ගැනිමේදි නිර්මාණ ශිල්පිය කල යුත්තේ, වස්තුන් චලනය නවත්වන ස්ථානය හෝ දිශාව වෙනස් කරන ස්ථානය තේරැම පමණි. මෙම වෙනස්විම් සිදුවන අවස්ථා key framing ලෙස හැදින්වේ. බොහෝ විට අතිරේක දත්ත, ආකෘතියට එකතු කිරිම මගින් සජිවිකරණය වඩා පහසු වේ. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස සමහර ත්‍රිමාන ආකෘතින්හි (මිනිසුන්ගේ සහ සත්වයින්ගේ) සම්පුර්ණ අස්ථි පද්ධතියම ඇතුලත් වේ. මෙමගින් එම ආකෘතිය වඩා තාත්වික ලෙස දිස්වන අතර,  skeletal animation ලෙස හැදින්වන ක්‍රියාවලියේදි අස්ථි සහ සන්ධි මගින් ආකෘතිය හැසිරවීමට හැක.

ත්‍රිමාන සජීවන- දර්ශන සැලැස්ම


මෙම ලිපිය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට අයත් ප්‍රධාන දූපතේ ගොඩබිමමේ සහ මිරිදියේ ශාක සහ සත්ත්‍ව සංහතිය පිලිබඳව වේ.  ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට අයත් මූදු  ශාක සහ සත්ත්‍වයන් මෙහි සඳහන් නොවේ.

ශාක සංහතිය

සපුෂ්ප ශාක
කුල 214කට අයත් සපුෂ්ප ශාක විශේෂ 3500කට අධික ප්‍රමාණයක් ඇත.  ඉන් 75% පමණ ස්වදේශීය වන අතර ඉතිරි 25% විදේශීය ලෙස සැලකේ.

ස්වදේශීය සපුෂ්ප ශාක
දූපතේ ස්වදේශීය සපුෂ්ප ශාක වලින් 27%ක් ඊට පමණක් ආවේණික වේ.

ලංකා දූපතට පමණක් ආවේණික සපුෂ්ප ශාක

මීවන
විශේෂ 350ක් පමණ ඇතැයි අනුමාන කෙරේ.

http://www.greenmedia.lk/sinhala/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62:2009-04-06-15-03-07&catid=121:2009-04-06-15-29-34&Itemid=115

වෙනත් ශාක

සත්ත්‍ව සංහතිය

ක්‍ෂීරපායීයෝ
දුපතේ හඳුනාගෙන ඇති ක්‍ෂීරපායී විශේෂ 91න් 16ක් ඊට පමණක් ආවේනික (ඒකදේශික)වේ.

කුරුල්ලෝ
දුපතෙන් කුරුළු විශේෂ 433ක් වාර්තාවී ඇති අතර ඉන් 233ක් නේවාසික කුරුල්ලෝ ලෙස සැලකේ. නේවාසික කුරුල්ලන්ගෙන් විශේෂ 26ක් (සහ යෝජිත අලුත් විශේෂ 7ක්) දූපතට පමණක් ආවේණිකය.

සමනල්ලු
වාර්තාවී ඇති සමනල් විශේෂ 245න් 24ක් ඊට පමණක් ආවේණිකය.

වෙනත් සත්තු

ලංකා දූපතේ ශාක සහ සත්ත්‍ව සංහතිය


The Six Assurances are six key foreign policy principles of the United States regarding United States–Taiwan relations. They were passed as unilateral U.S. clarifications to the Third Communiqué between the United States and the People's Republic of China in 1982. They were intended to reassure both Taiwan and the United States Congress that the US would continue to support Taiwan even if it had earlier cut formal diplomatic relations.

The assurances were originally proposed by the then Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) government of the Republic of China on Taiwan during negotiations between the U.S. and the People's Republic of China. The U.S. Reagan administration agreed to the assurances and informed the United States Congress of them in July 1982.

Today, the Six Assurances are part of semiformal guidelines used in conducting relations between the US and Taiwan. The assurances have been generally reaffirmed by successive U.S. administrations. Prior to 2016, they were purely informal, but in 2016, their formal content was adopted by the US House of Representatives and the Senate in non-binding resolutions, upgrading their status to formal but not directly enforceable.

Text
The United States House of Representatives passed a concurrent resolution on May 16, 2016, giving the first formal wording for the Six Assurances by more or less directly adopting how the former Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs John H. Holdridge expressed them in 1982 (which was delivered to Taiwan's President Chiang Ching-kuo by then-Director of the American Institute in Taiwan James R. Lilley):
 "* * * [W]e did not agree to set a date certain for ending arms sales to Taiwan";
 "* * * [W]e see no mediation role for the United States" between Taiwan and the PRC;
 "* * *[N]or will we attempt to exert pressure on Taiwan to enter into negotiations with the PRC";
 "* * * [T]here has been no change in our longstanding position on the issue of sovereignty over Taiwan";
 "We have no plans to seek" revisions to the Taiwan Relations Act; and
 The August 17 Communiqué "should not be read to imply that we have agreed to engage in prior consultations with Beijing on arms sales to Taiwan".

A similar resolution passed the Senate on July 6, 2016.

In the first version, which was introduced to Congress by Rep. Steve Chabot on October 28, 2015, the Six Assurances were proposed to be:

 The United States would not set a date for termination of arms sales to Taiwan;
 The United States would not alter the terms of the Taiwan Relations Act;
 The United States would not consult with China in advance before making decisions about United States arms sales to Taiwan;
 The United States would not mediate between Taiwan and China;
 The United States would not alter its position about the sovereignty of Taiwan which was, that the question was one to be decided peacefully by the Chinese themselves, and would not pressure Taiwan to enter into negotiations with China; and
 The United States would not formally recognize Chinese sovereignty over Taiwan.

Declassified cables, sent in 1982 from the State Department, detail the Six Assurances:

 The United States has not agreed to set a date for ending arms sales to Taiwan.
 The United States has not agreed to consult with the PRC on arms sales to Taiwan.
 The United States will not play a mediation role between Taipei and Beijing.
 The United States has not agreed to revise the Taiwan Relations Act.
 The United States has not altered its position regarding sovereignty over Taiwan.
 The United States will not exert pressure on Taiwan to enter into negotiations with the PRC.

Reaffirmation
The State Department has reaffirmed the Six Assurances repeatedly.

On May 19, 2016, one day before Tsai Ing-wen assumed the Presidency of the Republic of China, U.S. Senators Marco Rubio (R-FL), a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and Bob Menendez (D-NJ), former chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and co-chair of the Senate Taiwan Caucus, introduced a concurrent resolution reaffirming the Taiwan Relations Act and the "Six Assurances" as cornerstones of United States–Taiwan relations.

The Republican Party Platform of the 2016 Republican National Convention mentions the Six Assurances, stating, "We salute the people of Taiwan, with whom we share the values of democracy, human rights, a free market economy, and the rule of law. Our relations will continue to be based upon the provisions of the Taiwan Relations Act, and we affirm the Six Assurances given to Taiwan in 1982 by President Reagan. We oppose any unilateral steps by either side to alter the status quo in the Taiwan Straits on the principle that all issues regarding the island's future must be resolved peacefully, through dialogue, and be agreeable to the people of Taiwan. If China were to violate those principles, the United States, in accord with the Taiwan Relations Act, will help Taiwan defend itself. We praise efforts by the new government in Taipei to continue constructive relations across the Taiwan Strait and call on China to reciprocate. As a loyal friend of America, Taiwan has merited our strong support, including free trade agreement status, the timely sale of defensive arms including technology to build diesel submarines, and full participation in the World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, and other multilateral institutions."

The Asia Reassurance Initiative Act () states that it is the policy of the U.S. to enforce commitments to Taiwan consistent with the Six Assurances. As of September 2018, the Donald Trump administration "has stated that the U.S.-Taiwan relationship is also 'guided' by [the] 'Six Assurances'".

In November 2020 U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo stated "Taiwan has not been a part of China, and that was recognized with the work that the Reagan administration did to lay out the policies that the United States has adhered to now for three and a half decades, and done so under both administrations." which was seen as invoking clause 5.

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 reconfirmed the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) and the Six Assurances as the foundation for US-Taiwan relations.

On August 2, 2022, Speaker of the House, Nancy Pelosi, in a statement from a visit to Taiwan, made reference to the United States' continuing support of the TRA, Three Communiqués, and the Six Assurances.

See also
 Political status of Taiwan
 Taiwan–United States relations
 Taiwan Relations Act
 Taiwan Travel Act, passed in 2018; further strengthening ties between the United States and Taiwan

References

External links
U.S. Department of State Press Release - Nov. 10th, 2004
The "Six Assurances" to Taiwan
The July 2007 CRS Report to Congress
Heritage Foundation: President Reagan's Six Assurances to Taiwan and Their Meaning Today
Heritage Foundation: Why the Administration Should Reaffirm the "Six Assurances" to Taiwan
公投入聯國 美國反對 民進黨不退縮

Taiwan–United States relations
Cross-Strait relations
1982 in the United States
1982 in Taiwan
1982 documents
1982 in international relations
Public policy of the Reagan administration

Six Assurances


Le Bal des Débutantes, også kendt som le Bal (eller tidligere også 'Crillon Ball') er en debutantbal og modebegivenhed, der afholdes årligt i november, hvor 20-25 kvinder i alderen 16 til 22 år samles fra et dusin lande.

Siden 1992 er le Ball blev organiseret af Ophélie Renouard som en "invitation-only" couture-begivenhed. De unge kvinder får alle kjoler fra samme haute couture og couture-designere, samt fra udenlandske modehuse. De bærer også smykker fra samme juvelér. Debutanterne (débutantes) kommer som regel fra berømte familier. Mange debutantes kommer dog fra kontroversielle familier, eller har været involveret i kontroverser selv, hvilket inkluderer Barbara Berlusconi - datter af den kontroversielle italienske præmierminister Silvio Berlusconi, Petra Stunt (tidligere debutant, der er kendt for sinde højt profilerede skilsmisse fra den engelske forretningsmand James Stunt der har forbindelser til organiseret kriminalitet, og som truede med at dræbe hende) og Talicia Martins fra 2012, der blev arresteret adskillige gange i 2017 for at være under påvirkning af heroin, crack og alkohol og for at udføre adskillige indbrud efter sit debut.

Arrangementet indsamler penge til én eller flere velgørenhedsorganisationer samtidig med at den fejrer den franske livsstil. Siden 2009 har le Bal støttet Enfants d'Asie, der giver uddannelse til piger i Sydøstasien. I 2015 støttede le Bal også Seleni, der er en non-profit-organisation, der finansierer forskning i sundhedspleje for unge mødre.

I 2005 listede Forbes le Bal som en af verdens 10 hotteste fester.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Mode
Kulturelle begivenheder
Begivenheder i Frankrig
Etableret i 1992

Bal des débutantes


Et blad falder til Himlen er en film instrueret af Anders Birch, Diddle Elnif.

Handling
Jeg kunne ikke længere holde ud at se min far være spærret inde på et plejehjem. At besøge ham dag efter dag med min 2-årige datter, uden at han kunne huske os. At være nødt til hver gang at fortælle ham, hvem han var og hvor han var, at mor var død, at jeg var hans søn, som var blevet gift og havde fået et barn. Ved hvert besøg blev verden nulstillet, og vi startede forfra igen. Sådan beskriver forfatteren Knud Romer den sidste tid med sin demente far. Et langtrukkent farvel, der først for alvor fuldbyrdes, da Knud Romer i samarbejde med komponisten Bent Sørensen og DR's pigekor får opført værket "Et blad falder til himlen" i Tivolis koncertsal som en afsked til faren. I dokumentarfilmen af samme navn, følger vi tilblivelsen af koncerten fra de sidste samtaler mellem Knud Romer og faren på plejehjemmet, hans død på hospitalet, rydningen af barndomshjemmet i Nykøbing Falster og den fuldendte koncert i koncertsalen. Filmen "Et blad falder til himlen" handler om det universelle: at dø, at blive voksen, at være den næste generation, der en dag skal dø - fortalt af Knud Romer.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2012

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Et blad falder til Himlen


සුමෙයාර් යනු,    කැල්කෝශිලා සහ මුල් ලෝකඩ යුගය තුලදී, දකුණු මෙසපොටේමියාවේ, වර්තමාන දකුණු ඉරාකයේ සහ කුවේටයේ, පැවති පුරාතන ශිෂ්ටාදාරයක් සහ ඓතිහාසික භූමි ප්‍රදේශයකි. ප්‍රදේශයේ පැරණිතම ලේඛන ක්‍රම ක්‍රිපූ 3500 පමණ ඉක්මවා නොගියද, සුමේරියානු භාෂාව කථා කල හෝ එසේ නොකල හෝ සෙමිටික්-නොවන ජන කොටසක් විසින්,   ක්‍රිපූ 5500 සහ 4000 පමණ අතර කාලයේ,  සුමෙයාර් පෙදෙස මුලින්ම ස්ථීර වශයෙන් ජනාවාස වූබව නූතන ඉතිහාසඥයින් විසින්  (නගර වල, ගංගා වල, මූලික වෘත්තීන්ගේ ආදියෙහි නම් අනුව සාක්ෂ්‍ය ඉදිරිපත් කරමින්) යෝජනා කෙරෙයි.මෙම අනුමානය කෙරෙන, ප්‍රාග්-ඓතිහාසික ජනයා දැන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ "ප්‍රාක්-යුප්‍රේටියානුවෝ" හෝ "උබේඩියානුවෝ" ලෙසින් වන අතර, උතුරු මෙසපොටේමියාවේ (ඇසිරියාවේ) සමර්රා සංස්කෘතිය වෙතින් විකාශනය වූ බවට අනුමාන වශයෙන් සැලකෙයි . කෘෂිකර්මය සඳහා ගොහොරු බිම් වල දිය බස්වමින්, වෙළෙඳාම ප්‍රවර්ධනය කරමින් සහ, වීවීම, හම් කර්මාන්තය, ලෝහ කර්මාන්තය, මේසන් වැඩ සහ කුඹල් කර්මාන්තය ඇතුළු කර්මාන්ත පිහිටුවමින්, සු‍මෙයාර් ප්‍රදේශයේ ශිෂ්ටාචාරය ඇතිකරලීමේ පළමු බලවේගය වූයේ උබේඩියානුවෝ වූහ. කෙසේවෙතත්, පියා්ටර් මිකෝලෝස්කි සහ ගර්ඩ් සිටයිනර් වැනි සමහරක් ප්‍රාඥයෝ,  ප්‍රාක්-යුප්‍රේටියානු භාෂාවක් හෝ එක් උපස්තර භාෂාවක් පැවැති බව දක්වන අදහස හා විසංවාද කරති.  ඔවුන් සහ අනෙකුන් විසින් යෝජනා කර සිටිනුයේ, සුමේරියානු භාෂාව මුලින්ම කතා කරනු ලැබුවේ, ගොහොරු බිම්හී සහ නැගෙනහිර අරාබියානු සමුද්‍රාශිත භූමි ප්‍රදේශයේ ජීවත්වූ  දඩයක්කාර සහ ධීවර ජනතාව විසින් බවත්, ඔවුන් අරාබියානු ද්විමුඛ සංස්කෘතියෙහි කොටසක් වූ බවත්ය. විශ්වසනීය ඓතිහාසික වාර්තා එළිදැක්වුනේ මින් බොහෝ කලකට පසුවය; එන්මෙන්බරාජ්සිට (ක්‍රිපූ 26වන සියවස පමණ) පෙරාතුව දින දැක්වෙන එවන් කිසිදු සාක්ෂ්‍යයක් සු‍මෙයාර් පිළිබඳ නොමැත.

සටහන්

ආශ්‍රිත

සුමෙයාර්


Michel Dupeux (né le  à Gradignan en Gironde, et mort le ), est un joueur de football français qui évoluait au poste d'attaquant.

Biographie

Bordelais pur jus, Michel Dupeux débute le football avec le club des Coqs Rouges Bordeaux avant de partir en  pour le grand club de la ville des Girondins de Bordeaux.

Durant ses six saisons passées au club, Dupeux joue la plupart du temps avec la réserve du club, ne disputant que quelques matchs avec les professionnels. Il figure néanmoins dans l'effectif champion de France en 1950.

Palmarès
 Girondins de Bordeaux
 Championnat de France (1) :
 Champion : 1949-50.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur français
Joueur des Girondins de Bordeaux
Naissance à Gradignan
Naissance en juillet 1928
Décès en mars 2011
Décès à 82 ans

Michel Dupeux


Lucas Tavares, é um fotógrafo brasileiro, especializado em fotojornalismo.

Carreira
Lucas Tavares cursou jornalismo na Universidade Cândido Mendes e começou a carreira na Agência O Globo e O Globo em 2012. Fundou com amigos o portal ZIMEL e a ZIMEL Press agência de fotojornalismo, mas retornou ao jornal O Globo em 2022 como fotojornalista, fazendo cobertura em todas as editoriais, principalmente coberturas fotográficas de shows e festivais. Também tem formação em Geografia pela UERJ, Arquivologia pela UFF, Teologia pela FABAT, Filosofia pela UNIASSELVI além de ser pós-graduado em Ciência da Religião e Direitos Humanos.

Reconhecimento
Recebeu reconhecimento pela Universidade Federal Fluminense, onde cursa Mestrado Acadêmico em Mídia e Cotidiano, por ter fotografias publicadas no livro "O Melhor do Fotojornalismo Brasileiro". Além disso, teve fotos selecionadas na galeria " Imagens da Pandemia" publicada pela Associação dos Repórteres Fotográficos e Cinematográficos do Brasil.

Coberturas em destaque
 Lollapalooza Brasil, 2022
 Lollapalooza Brasil, 2017
 Lollapalooza Brasil, 2016
 Rock in Rio, 2022

Ligações externas
Website Oficial

Portfólio Canon

Instagram Lucas Tavares

Fotógrafos do Brasil
Nascidos em 1983
Fotojornalistas do Brasil

Lucas Tavares


Le  est une église située à Guayaquil en Équateur, à laquelle l'Église catholique donne les statuts d'église paroissiale et de sanctuaire diocésain. Il est rattaché à l'archidiocèse de Guayaquil, et dédié à la Miséricorde divine.

Historique
Le diocèse de Guayaquil existe depuis le , créé par une bulle de .

Il est décidé en 2009 de construire un sanctuaire pour honorer la Miséricorde divine. La première pierre est posée le .

La messe d'inauguration se déroule le .

Le pape François s'y rend le .

Description
Le bâtiment peut accueillir  personnes pour certains, jusqu'à  pour d'autres.

Le vitrail principal, de , est réalisé par l'artiste Jorge Luis Narea.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Église en Équateur
Guayaquil
Guayaquil

Sanctuaire de la Miséricorde-Divine de Guayaquil


Erol Çevikçe, (8 Aralık 1937, Amasya) Türk siyasetçi, CHP Milletvekili, eski Bayındırlık ve Ulaştırma Bakanı.

Hayatı
Cumhuriyetin ilk öğretmen kuşağından Kazım Çevikçe ve Müze kent Amasya'nın köklü ailelerinden Cününoğulları'nın kızı Hacer Çevikçe'nin oğlu olan Erol Çevikçe Kılıçaslan İlkokulu ve Amasya Ortaokulu'nda okudu.Liseyi İstanbul'da Kabataş Erkek Lisesi'nde bitirdi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi mezunudur. Ord. Prof. Şükrü Baban, Prof. Refii Şükrü Suvla, Ord. Prof. Ömer Celal Sarç, Prof. İdris Küçükömer, Prof. Sencer Divitcioğlu, Prof. Kenan Gürtan ve daha birçok hocadan ders almıştır. O zamanki Robert Kolej bugünkü Boğaziçi Üniversitesi'nde hazırlık sınıfı okuyarak ilk İngilizce eğitimi aldı.

İsmet İnönü'nün Başbakan olduğu dönemde Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı'na sınavla girdi. İlk plancılarla çalışma fırsatı buldu.

1968-1969 yılında Amerika'da Pittsburgh Üniversitesi'nde Master yaptı. Tez konusu "Türkiye'nin Ekonomik Planlama Deneyimi" üzerineydi. İstatistik Dalında Doktora çalışması yapmak için ABD'ye gelen, DİE Uzman Yardımcılarından Perihan (Korkut) Çevikçe ile Amerika'da evlendi. İki kızından büyüğü olan Sıla, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Ekonomi Bölümü mezunu ve caz piyanistidir. Küçük kızı Aslı ise İTÜ mimarlık mezunudur.

Devlet Planlama Teşkilatında görevini, Ekim 1973 seçimlerine kadar sürdürdü. 1973'te Ecevit'in çağrısı ile DPT'den çıkan ilk Milletvekili oldu. 1974'te CHP Hükûmeti'nde Adana Milletvekili olarak Bayındırlık Bakanlığı görevini üstlendi.

1977 yılında Amasya'dan Milletvekili seçildi. İkinci Ecevit Hükûmeti'nde Ulaştırma Bakanı oldu. 1980 sonrası, siyaseten yasaklı olduğu için ekonomik danışman olarak çalıştı. 1992'de özel sektör yaşamını bıraktı. 1988 Kurultayı ile aktif siyasete yeniden döndü. Erdal İnönü'nün Genel Başkanlığında Deniz Baykal'ın Genel Sekreter yardımcılığını yaptı. 1990'da Baykal ile birlikte görevlerinden ayrıldılar. İnönü'ye karşı üst üste üç kez Genel Başkanlık yarışı yaptılar ve kaybettiler.

1992 yılında yeniden açılan CHP'de Genel Başkan Yardımcısı oldu. 1995 Seçimlerinde Adana'dan tekrar milletvekili seçildi. 1999 seçiminde CHP meclis dışında kaldığında, Deniz Baykal'ın Genel Başkanlığı bırakması konusunda ısrarlı olanların başını çekti. O tarihten beri milletvekiliği için aday olmadı. Meclis içinde politikayı bıraktı. Hâlen politik yaşamını, CHP'nin bir üyesi olarak sürdürmektedir. 2002-2004 arası NTV İnt gazetesinde yazdı. 2004'te başladığı Vatan Gazetesindeki haftalık yazılarına, 17 Aralık yolsuzluk ve rüşvet soruşturması sürecinde son verildi. Hâlen "Bigazete" İnt. gazetesinde yazılarına devam ediyor.

Kaynakça

Robert Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
1937 doğumlular
Kabataş Erkek Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
TBMM 15. dönem Adana milletvekilleri
TBMM 16. dönem Amasya milletvekilleri
TBMM 20. dönem Adana milletvekilleri
Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi MYK üyeleri
SHP MYK üyeleri
Yaşayan insanlar
Resim aranan siyasetçiler
Amasya doğumlu siyasetçiler

Erol Çevikçe


نورمان هنتر ، من مواليد 29 أكتوبر 1943، لاعب كرة قدم إنجليزي سابق، ومدرب كرة قدم إنجليزي سابق.

لعب مع منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم وتوفى متأثرا بالمرض التنفسي الحاد المرتبط بفيروس كوفيد-19 في يوم 17 أبريل 2020 بمدينة ليدز.

مسيرته الكروية
لعب نورمان هنتر خلال مسيرته الاحترافية مع 3 أندية في اثنين وعشرين موسمًا وسجل خلالها 22 هدفًا ضمن 679 مباراة. حيث فاز في موسم واحد بالكأس وفي موسمين بالدوري.

خاض نورمان هنتر مسيرته مع نادي ليدز يونايتد في موسم 1962–63 ليلعب معه خمسة عشر موسمًا، مشاركًا في 540 مباراة سجل خلالها 18 هدفًا. ثم انتقل إلى نادي بريستول سيتي في موسم 1976–77 واستمر معه طيلة ثلاثة مواسم، حيث شارك في 108 مباراة سجل خلالها 4 أهداف. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي بارنسلي في موسم 1979–80 ليلعب معه أربعة مواسم، مشاركًا في 31 مباراة ولم يسجل أي هدف.

مصادر

روابط خارجية

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
أعضاء رتبة الإمبراطورية البريطانية
أعضاء قاعة مشاهير كرة القدم الإنجليزية
رياضيون من غيتسهيد
سير ذاتية إنجليزية
طاقم برادفورد سيتي غير اللاعبين
طاقم وست بروميتش ألبيون غير اللاعبين
لاعبو التشكيلة المثالية في دوري كرة القدم الإنجليزية
لاعبو المنتخبات الفائزة بكأس العالم
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1968
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو كأس العالم 1966
لاعبو كأس العالم 1970
لاعبو كرة قدم إنجليز
لاعبو كرة قدم من غيتسهيد
لاعبو ليدز يونايتد
لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا في كأس العالم 1966
لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم تحت 23 سنة
لاعبو نادي بارنسلي
لاعبو نادي بريستول سيتي
لاعبو نهائي كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي
مدربو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
مدربو كرة القدم
مدربو كرة قدم إنجليز
مدربو نادي بارنسلي
مدربو نادي روذرهام يونايتد
مواليد 1943
مواليد في غيتسهيد
وفيات 2020
وفيات بسبب جائحة فيروس كورونا في المملكة المتحدة
وفيات بسبب جائحة فيروس كورونا في إنجلترا
وفيات بعمر 76

نورمان هنتر


One Love Manchester voru góðgerðartónleikar haldnir þann 4. júní 2017 af bandarísku söngkonunni Ariana Grande. Þeir voru haldnir til styrktar fórnarlamba sem urðu fyrir áhrifum hryðjuverkaárásarinnar í Manchester eftir tónleika Grande tveimur vikum áður. Um 55.000 manns sóttu tónleikana sem fóru fram á Old Trafford Cricket Ground í Manchester. Margir þekktir listamenn komu fram, þar með talið Justin Bieber, the Black Eyed Peas, Coldplay, Miley Cyrus, Mac Miller, Marcus Mumford, Niall Horan, Little Mix, Katy Perry, Take That, Imogen Heap, Pharrell Williams, Robbie Williams og Liam Gallagher.

Ágóði tónleikanna fór til We Love Manchester neyðarsjóðsins og til breska Rauða krossins til hjálpar þeirra særðu. Tónleikarnir voru sýndir í um 50 löndum í beinni útsendingu.

Lagalisti

Tilvísanir

Manchester
Ariana Grande

One Love Manchester


Michael Ensign (Safford, Arizona; 13 de febrero de 1944) es un actor estadounidense, cuyo papel más conocido fue la interpretación de Benjamin Guggenheim en la película Titanic de James Cameron.

Filmografía seleccionada

 1981: Buddy Buddy, de Billy Wilder
 1986: House, de Steve Miner
 1991: ¡Qué asco de vida! (Life Stinks), de Mel Brooks
 1997: Titanic, de James Cameron

Enlaces externos

Actores de Arizona
Actores masculinos de Estados Unidos del siglo XXI

Michael Ensign


Lumiar, Portekiz'de Lizbon belediyesine bağlı olan, 6,28 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 35.585 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Lizbon'ın bucakları

Lumiar