The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta (often referred to colloquially as Progressive Conservative Party of Alberta) was a provincial centre-right party in the Canadian province of Alberta that existed from 1905 to 2020. The party formed the provincial government, without interruption, from 1971 until the party's defeat in the 2015 provincial election under premiers Peter Lougheed, Don Getty, Ralph Klein, Ed Stelmach, Alison Redford, Dave Hancock and Jim Prentice. At 44 years, this was the longest unbroken run in government at the provincial or federal level in Canadian history.

In July 2017, the party membership of the PC and the Wildrose Party voted to approve a merger to become the United Conservative Party (UCP). Due to previous legal restrictions that did not formally permit parties to merge or transfer their assets, the PC Party and Wildrose Party maintained a nominal existence and ran one candidate each in the 2019 election, in which the UCP won a majority, to prevent forfeiture of their assets. The UCP government, under Premier Jason Kenney, later passed legislation allowing parties to merge, clearing the way for the PCs to formally dissolve on February 7, 2020.

History

Origins and early years
The party was created from the Northwest Territories Liberal-Conservative Party that existed from 1898 to 1905. Unlike its predecessor party, who formed government during its entire existence, the Alberta Conservatives were a marginal party for most of the first 60 years after Alberta became a province. In the province's first election, the 1905 election, the Conservatives, led by future Canadian Prime Minister Richard Bennett, won only two seats and were barely able to improve on that in subsequent elections. The main policy difference between the Tories and the Alberta Liberal Party was over the Tories' belief that the province should control its natural resources, which the province had been denied. However, those concerns fell on deaf ears in the midst of an economic boom. Additionally, the Liberals had the advantage of incumbency; they were in office on an interim basis pending the first election.

On the political sidelines
In the 1913 election, the Tories achieved a breakthrough, winning 18 seats and 45% of the vote. Despite this result, and an even better result in the 1917 election, they were still unable to beat the Liberals. The Tories then split into 'traditional' and 'radical' camps. The party collapsed, and was unable to run a full slate of candidates in the 1921 election. Only one Conservative Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) was returned to the Legislative Assembly in this election, in which the new United Farmers of Alberta (UFA) defeated the Liberals, and took power.

For the next 45 years, the Tories were unable to elect more than a half dozen MLAs. The party was marginalized after the UFA was able to negotiate the province's control of its resources from Ottawa, denying the Tories their major policy plank.

In 1935, the UFA collapsed. The Social Credit Party of Alberta took power on a populist and Christian conservative platform. Social Credit attracted conservative voters for decades, particularly after the party moved away from its radical social credit economic theories, and embraced fiscal conservatism.

The party in the 1940s and 1950s
In the late 1930s, the Conservatives and Liberals formed a united front in an attempt to fight Social Credit and, as a result, no Conservative candidates ran in 1940, the 1944, or 1948. Supporters of both parties ran instead as independents.

The failure of the coalition strategy led to the reemergence of separate Liberal and Conservative parties in the early 1950s. The Tories only nominated five candidates in the 1952 election, only one of whom won election. The Conservatives were led in the general election of 1959 by William J. Cameron Kirby, Member for Red Deer from 1954 to 1959.

The Tories became Progressive Conservatives in 1959 in order to conform with the name of the federal Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. The party continued to be unable to improve their fortunes, and by 1963 was swept out of the legislature altogether.

The party under Peter Lougheed and Don Getty
In March 1965, Peter Lougheed became leader of the party, and began transforming it into a political force by combining fiscal conservatism with a modernist, urban outlook. This approach was in stark contrast to the parochialism and rural agrarianism of Social Credit. In particular, the party started gaining support in Calgary and Edmonton. Social Credit had been very popular in urban areas for decades—indeed, long-serving Premier Ernest Manning represented an Edmonton riding. However, at bottom, it was a rural-based party, and never lost this essential character. It was thus slow to adapt to the changes in Alberta as its two largest cities gained increasing influence.

In 1967, the Tories returned to the legislature, electing six MLAs. Lougheed became Leader of the Opposition.

In 1968, Manning retired after 25 years, and was replaced by Harry Strom. After having spent nearly all of its 33-year history as the governing party, Social Credit had grown tired and complacent. Albertans, particularly those associated with the booming oil industry, began to turn to the young and dynamic Lougheed Tories. They were very active for an opposition in a Westminster system, introducing 21 bills. Over the next four years, Lougheed saw his small caucus grow to 10 members as a result of two by-election wins—one of which was Manning's old Edmonton seat—and two floor-crossings.

In the 1971 election, the Progressive Conservatives campaigned on a simple theme — "NOW!" — symbolizing their goal of increasing Alberta's clout in Canada. On August 30, the Tories won power for the first time in Alberta's history. They finished only four percentage points ahead of Social Credit. However, they swept Edmonton and took all but five seats in Calgary. Due to the first past the post system, this gave Lougheed a strong majority government, with 49 of the 75 seats in the legislature. He won a second term in resounding fashion in 1975, reducing the opposition to six MLAs (four Socreds, one New Democrat and one independent) in total. During the Lougheed years, Alberta became a virtual one-party state, much like it had been during the height of the Manning years. Indeed, the six opposition MLAs elected in 1975 would be the most that Lougheed would face during his final three terms. The Tories would govern with fairly large majorities for the next four decades, though nowhere near as large as the ones Lougheed had.

In power, the Progressive Conservatives fought a long battle with the federal government over control of Alberta's natural resources (particularly oil). The oil industry provided the Alberta government with large revenue surpluses that allowed it to maintain Alberta as the only province or territory in Canada without a provincial retail sales tax. Alberta experienced a large development boom, particularly in Calgary, in the 1970s and 1980s.

Lougheed retired in 1985, and Don Getty, a former longtime cabinet minister under Lougheed, came out of retirement to succeed him. Getty was unable to match Lougheed's dominance in the provincial legislature, but he enjoyed large majorities nevertheless.

The party under Klein and Stelmach

While the popularity of the Tories sagged somewhat under Don Getty, it was revived under Ralph Klein, who succeeded Getty as premier in 1992. Klein moved the party sharply to the right, and under his watch the Alberta Tories were one of the most (if not the most) right-wing provincial governments in Canada. In contrast, under Lougheed and Getty, the party was considered a classic example of a Red Tory government.

The party's rightward turn came at the same time that the Reform Party of Canada replaced the federal Tories as the dominant party in Alberta's federal politics. Reform and its successor, the Canadian Alliance, dominated the province's federal politics until 2003, when it merged with the federal Tories to become the Conservative Party of Canada. The Alliance's first leader, Stockwell Day, was a cabinet minister under Klein.

The party was reduced to 51 seats in the 1993 election, the closest it would come to losing power during its four decades in office. However, he won a larger majority in 1997. In 2001, Klein led the PCs to their biggest majority since the Lougheed era, reducing the opposition to only nine MLAs (seven Liberals, two NDP) in total.

It was viewed as unlikely that a centrist or left-leaning opposition party (the Liberals and NDP, respectively) would be in a serious position to challenge the Conservatives for power in the 2004 general election. The Liberals, New Democrats, and a new right-wing party, the Alberta Alliance, all campaigned aggressively against the Tories in 2004. The Klein government was re-elected, but lost a dozen urban seats. Many pundits expected losses in Edmonton, the traditional heartland of the provincial Liberals; indeed, the Conservatives were cut down to three seats in Edmonton (but subsequently gained a fourth on a recount). However, the Conservatives unexpectedly lost three seats to the Liberals in Calgary, where the Tories had previously held every seat.

The Alliance did not seriously challenge the Tories' majority, but it was competitive in several rural districts that could formerly have been described as Tory bastions. For instance, the one seat taken by the Alliance, Cardston-Taber-Warner, in the southwest, had been an ultra-safe Tory seat for 30 years. This has led many pundits to conclude that although the Alliance gained less than ten percent of the popular vote in 2004, it was potentially in a position to launch a more serious challenge to the Tories in the future.

On April 4, 2006, after receiving a 55% vote of support from his party, Klein issued a press release expressing his intent to retire. A number of candidates stepped forward as possible replacements for a leadership election in late 2006. Klein officially resigned on September 20, 2006. The first round of voting on November 25 eliminated all but three candidates - Jim Dinning, Ted Morton and Ed Stelmach. None received the required 50% of the vote, so a second round was held on December 2. In the second round, Stelmach was declared the winner. He assumed the premiership on December 14. In mid-2007, the Tories passed the Socreds as the longest-serving government in Alberta history.

Stelmach would go on to stun pundits and even his own supporters when he led the Tories to an increased majority in the 2008 general election, winning 72 of 83 seats. Notably, they won 13 in Edmonton, their highest total in the capital since 1982. The Tories continued to lose ground in Calgary, winning 18 seats to the Liberals' five. The Liberals were nonetheless reduced to nine seats and the NDP two, and with the Tories re-taking Cardston-Taber-Warner from the renamed Wildrose Alliance in a close race.

The party under Redford

On January 25, 2011, Stelmach announced his intention to step down as party leader and Premier prior to the next provincial election as a result of a dispute with his finance minister, Ted Morton, over the provincial budget. Stelmach formally resigned in September 2011. Justice Minister Alison Redford won the following leadership contest on October 2, 2011, and was sworn in as Premier on October 7, 2011, becoming Alberta's first female Premier.

Most polls from 2011 onward showed the PCs losing badly to the Wildrose. However, Redford defied expectations by leading the PCs to a 12th consecutive majority government in the 2012 provincial election. The PCs won 61 seats, a loss of only five. On June 18, 2013, the Alberta PCs passed their Ontario counterparts as the second-longest running provincial government in Canadian history; the Ontario PCs spent 42 consecutive years in office from 1943 to 1985.

With her approval rating at 18% and growing caucus discontent, including the defection of two MLAs, Redford announced on March 19, 2014, that she was resigning as Premier effective March 23, 2014. After her departure, it emerged that Redford had used provincial resources for personal and partisan purposes.

Interim leadership under Hancock and defeat under Prentice

Deputy Premier Dave Hancock took over as interim leader and premier pending a leadership convention. On September 6, 2014, former federal Conservative cabinet minister Jim Prentice was elected leader on the first ballot with more than 76% of the vote. Two days earlier, the Alberta PCs passed the Nova Scotia Liberals as the longest-serving provincial government in Canadian history; the Nova Scotia Liberals spent 43 consecutive years in government from 1882 to 1925.

On October 27, 2014, the PCs swept four byelections, electing Prentice and three other PC candidates.

On November 24, 2014 Kerry Towle (Innisfail-Sylvan Lake), and Ian Donovan (Little Bow), crossed the floor to join the PC Party's caucus giving the turmoil within the Wildrose Party, uncertainty about official opposition Wildrose Party Danielle Smith's leadership and confidence in Prentice as reasons for their move. They were followed on December 17, 2014, by Smith and eight other Wildrose members — deputy leader Rob Anderson, Gary Bikman, Rod Fox, Jason Hale, Bruce McAllister, Blake Pedersen, Bruce Rowe and Jeff Wilson — also joining the Progressive Conservative caucus. Smith said that extensive talks with Prentice revealed that she and Prentice had much common ground, and therefore it made no sense for her to continue in opposition. The defections were termed "an unprecedented move in Canadian political history" and reduced the Wildrose Party to just 5 seats, tied with the Liberal Party.

Prentice's efforts were not enough to save the PCs from being heavily defeated at the May 5, 2015 provincial election. The Alberta New Democratic Party, led by Rachel Notley, rebounded from fourth place in the legislature to a strong majority government.   They actually finished second in the popular vote, more than 50,000 votes ahead of the Wildrose. However, due to a near-total collapse in Edmonton (where they lost every seat) and Calgary (where they won only eight seats), they were reduced to 10 seats–all but two of which were in Calgary–and third place behind the NDP and the Wildrose. The PCs were reduced to their smallest presence in the legislature since 1967. It was one of the largest defeats suffered by a provincial government in Canada. With the result beyond doubt, Prentice immediately announced his resignation as party leader, disclaimed his election to a full term in his Calgary riding, and retired from politics.

Ric McIver was chosen interim leader by caucus on May 11, 2015.

The party under Kenney and merger

The  2017 leadership election was held on March 18, 2017, and resulted in former federal cabinet minister Jason Kenney, formerly the Conservative federal MP for Calgary Midnapore, winning on the first ballot. Kenney campaigned on a pledge to seek a merger with the Wildrose and form a unified centre-right party, similar to the Unite the Right movement that formed the federal Conservative Party.

On May 18, 2017, Kenney and Wildrose leader Brian Jean announced that their two parties had come to a merger agreement pending the outcome of votes that will be held by the membership of both parties on July 22, 2017. Pending approval by a margin of 50%+1 of Progressive Conservative members and 75% of Wildrose members, the parties were slated to begin the process of merging into the United Conservative Party, with a leadership election to occur on October 28, 2017, and a founding convention to be held in 2018. On July 22, 2017, Progressive Conservative and the Wildrose members voted, in both cases with 95% of voting members in favour, to approve the merger.

Of the 42,617 Wildrose members eligible to vote on July 22, 2017, there was a 57 per cent turnout with 23,466 voters (95%) in favour of the agreement and 1,132 (5%) against, clearing the 75% threshold required by the party's constitution. The Progressive Conservative membership also approved the agreement by a margin of 95% to 5%. With a turnout of 55% of eligible members, 25,692 PC members voted yes and 1,344 voted no with 24 spoiled ballots; the party's constitution required a simple majority of its membership to approve the merger.

With the exception of Richard Starke, the entire PC caucus joined the new UCP caucus on July 24, 2017. Starke continued as the lone PC MLA until he announced he would not be running for re-election in the 2019 Provincial Election.

Post-merger legal status and official dissolution
Because Alberta electoral law did not permit parties to formally merge (or even to transfer money among themselves), the PC and Wildrose parties did not formally dissolve upon creation of the new UCP. As a result, when the UCP officially came into existence on July 24, 2017; the UCP's interim leadership team formally assumed the leaderships of the PC and Wildrose parties as well. In that role, they withdrew both organizations from any meaningful public presence, thus effectively dissolving them although they continued to exist on paper. In order to give de facto effect to the merger, all PC members in good standing of as of July 24 became members of the UCP from that date, and all but a few PC members formally withdrew their memberships in the PCs. Legally, the core leadership team of the UCP remained members of both the PC and Wildrose parties. (Notwithstanding this, after he refused to join the UCP caucus, Richard Starke continued to be designated a PC member of the legislature until the 2019 election.)

To maintain their registration through the 2019 Alberta general election, both the PCs and Wildrose ran one paper candidate each in that election. Both of these nominal candidates appeared on the ballot in Edmonton-Strathcona, the riding held by incumbent Premier Notley and considered among the NDP's safest seats.

The newly elected UCP government passed legislation allowing parties to merge during the Fall 2019 legislative session. On February 7, 2020, the merger was formally approved by Elections Alberta, allowing the party to officially merge into the UCP and dissolve.

Party leaders
Northwest Territories Liberal-Conservative Party
Frederick Haultain (1897–1905)
Conservative Party of Alberta
Richard (R.B.) Bennett (1905 election)
Albert Robertson (1905–1909)
Richard (R.B.) Bennett (1909–1910)
Edward Michener (1910–1917)
George Hoadley (1917–1920)
James Ramsey (1920–1921)
Alexander McGillivray (1925–1930)
David Milwyn Duggan (1930–1942)
John Percy Page (1952, 1955 elections)
Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta
Cam Kirby (1959 election)
Ernest Watkins interim (1959–1962)
Milt Harradence (1962–1964)
Peter Lougheed (1965–1985)
Don Getty (1985–1992)
Ralph Klein (1992–2006)
Ed Stelmach (2006–2011)
Alison Redford (2011–2014)
Dave Hancock interim (2014)
Jim Prentice (2014–2015)
Ric McIver interim (2015–2017)
Jason Kenney (2017)

Electoral results

See also
List of Alberta general elections
List of political parties in Canada
Northwest Territories Liberal-Conservative Party
Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership elections
Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta candidates, 2012 Alberta provincial election
2017 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election

Notes

References

Conservative parties in Canada
Organizations based in Calgary
Political parties established in 1905
Political parties disestablished in 2017
Progressive Conservative
1905 establishments in Alberta
2017 disestablishments in Alberta


Orhan Kemal Roman Armağanı, Türk yazar Orhan Kemal'in anısına 1972'den bu yana her yıl verilen roman ödülüdür.

Ödül sahipleri

Kaynakça

Roman ödülleri
Türkiye'de verilen edebiyat ödülleri
Orhan Kemal

Orhan Kemal Roman Armağanı


ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායම නවසීලන්තයේ (1991 ජනවාරි සිට මාර්තු දක්වා) සංචාරය කළ අතර නවසීලන්ත ජාතික ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායමට එරෙහිව තරග තුනක ටෙස්ට් තරගමාලාවක් ක්‍රීඩා කළේය. තරගමාලාව 0-0 ලෙස විසදුමකින් තොර විය. නවසීලන්තයේ නායකත්වය දැරුවේ මාටින් ක්‍රෝ සහ ශ්‍රී ලංකාව අර්ජුන රණතුංග විසිනි. ඊට අමතරව, එක්දින තරගමාලාවක් පැවති අතර තරඟ තුනකින් සමන්විත වූ තරමාලාව නවසීලන්තය 3-0 ලෙස ජය ගත්තේය.

ටෙස්ට් තරගමාලාව

1වන තරගය

2වන තරගය

3වන තරගය

එදිජා තරගමාලාව

නවසීලන්තය, නවසීලන්ත බැංකු කුසලානය දිනා ගත්තේය.

1වන තරගය

2වන තරගය

3වන තරගය

යොමුව

ක්‍රිකට්

ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායමේ නවසීලන්ත තරග සංචාරය 1991


Fehmi Mert Günok (n. 1 martie 1989) este un fotbalist turc care joacă pe postul de portar pentru İstanbul Bașakșehir FK.

Anii timpurii
Mert Günok s-a născut în Karabük. Și-a început cariera cu Kocaelispor în 2000. Fenerbahçe l-a adus la club în 2001, jucând pentru echipele de tineret până în 2009, când a fost promovat la echipa mare.

Carieră
Günok a început în sezonul 2010-2011 ca fiind a treia alegere de portar, în urma lui Volkan Demirel și Volkan Babacan. Cu toate acestea, după ce Babacan a primit șapte goluri în două meciuri de pre-sezon, Günok a primit o șansă împotriva lui Genk. Günok a terminat meciul fără să primească gol și a devenit a doua alegere de portar. El a debutat în campionat împotriva lui Antalyaspor pe 15 august 2010, intrând pe teren în a doua repriză în locul lui Demirel, care a ieșit accidentat, terminând meciul fără gol primit Günok a început următoarele două meciuri de campionat ca titular împotriva lui Trabzonspor, în care a primit trei goluri și Manisaspor, în care a primit două.

Bursaspor
La 20 iulie 2015, Günok a semnat cu Bursaspor din postura de jucător liber de contract gratuit după ce Fenerbahçe nu i-a reînnoit contractul. Aici a jucat în 20 de meciuri de campionat în două sezoane.

Bașakșehir

În 2017 a semnat un contract cu Bașakșehir.

Referințe

linkuri externe

 Mert Günok la Soccerway

Portari
Fotbaliști internaționali turci
Fotbaliști turci
Oameni în viață
Nașteri în 1989

Mert Günok


Quintus Caecilius Metellus may refer to:

 Quintus Caecilius Metellus (consul 206 BC)
 Quintus Caecilius Metellus Balearicus
 Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer
 Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus
 Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus Silanus
 Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus
 Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos (consul 98 BC)
 Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos (consul 57 BC)
 Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus
 Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius
 Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio

See also
 Caecilius Metellus (disambiguation)

Quintus Caecilius Metellus


was a town located in Ena District, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,381 and a density of 88.27 persons per km². The total area was 60.96 km².

On October 25, 2004, Yamaoka, along with the towns of Akechi, Iwamura and Kamiyahagi, and the village of Kushihara (all from Ena District), was merged into the expanded city of Ena, and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Notes

External links
 Official website of Ena

Dissolved municipalities of Gifu Prefecture
Populated places disestablished in 2004
Ena, Gifu

2004 disestablishments in Japan

Yamaoka, Gifu


NHIndustries (NHI) is a helicopter manufacturing company specifically established to be NATO Helicopter Management Agency's prime contractor for the design and development, industrialisation, production and logistic support of the NHIndustries NH90 series of helicopters.

Established in 1992, NHIndustries was formed as a partnership between Eurocopter of France, Germany and Spain (now Airbus Helicopters), Agusta of Italy (now Leonardo) and Stork Fokker Aerospace of the Netherlands (now Fokker Aerostructures).

History

The NHIndustries NH90 is a medium-sized, twin-engine, multi-role military helicopter developed in response to NATO requirements calling for a battlefield helicopter which would also be capable of being operated in naval environments. Both development and manufacture of the rotorcraft has been principally handled by NHIndustries, a collaborative company. It is presently owned by Airbus Helicopters, Leonardo (formerly AgustaWestland) and Fokker Aerostructures.

In 1985, France, West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom teamed to develop a NATO battlefield transport and anti-ship/anti-submarine helicopter for the 1990s. The United Kingdom left the team in 1987. On 1 September 1992, NH Industries signed an NH90 design-and-development contract with NAHEMA (NATO Helicopter Management Agency). This agency represented the four participating nations: France, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands. Portugal later joined the agency in June 2001.

Design work on the helicopter started in 1993. The first prototype, PT1, made the type's first flight on 18 December 1995. The second prototype, PT2, first flew on 19 March 1997 and the third prototype, PT3, on 27 November 1998. On 12 December 2002, PT3 became the first helicopter to fly exclusively with fly-by-wire controls following the removal of mechanical back-up controls.

The NH90 was developed into two main variants: the Tactical Transport Helicopter (TTH) and the NATO Frigate Helicopter (NFH). These two main variants share about 75% commonality with each other. Many of the operators have requested specific configurations to their own helicopter fleets, thus each nation's NH90 is effectively customized to the end-user's requirements. During the development phase of the programme in the 1990s, both technical and funding problems were experienced. In June 2000, the partner nations placed a large production order for the type, valued at US$8.6 billion, for a total of 366 helicopters.  Additional orders have since followed from customers in Europe, Asia, and Australia. By April 2013, a total of 529 NH90s of all variants were on order by various customers.

The NH90 was initially intended to be produced at three exporting final assembly lines (FAL); Cascina Costa in Italy for AgustaWestland, Marignane in France and Donauwörth in Germany for Airbus Helicopters. The Nordic and Australian contracts stipulated production locally (the Nordic ones at Patria in Finland and the Australian ones in Brisbane). Spain has a final assembly line at Albacete. The Marignane assembly line can reportedly complete up to 22 NH90s per year.

The production responsibilities were divided amongst the major sections/components amongst each of the shareholding companies:
 Airbus Helicopters France 31.25% (Engines, Rotors, the Electrical, flight control and the core avionics systems)
 Airbus Helicopters Deutschland 31.25% (Forward and centre fuselage, the fuel, communications and avionics control systems)
 Fokker 5.5% (Tail structure, doors, sponsons, landing gear and the intermediate gearbox)
 AgustaWestland 32% (Rear fuselage, main gearbox, hydraulic system, automatic flight control and plant management systems, power plant and the NFH mission system)
Once fabricated, items are shipped from these companies to the six final assembly facilities, at Marignane, France; Tessera, Italy; Donauwörth, Germany; Halli, Finland; and Brisbane, Australia.

During 2007, the NH90 first entered operational service with the German Army. During April 2010, the Royal Netherlands Navy was the first customer to receive the navalised NH90 NFH variant. In order to speed up delivery and reduce the complexity of manufacturing a large number of variants, NH Industries proposed the adoption of a simplified baseline airframe which could be configured to the individual customer's requirements. Between 2004 and 2016, the production lead times for the NH90 had reduced from 18 months to 7.5 months. During 2014, worldwide production of the NH90 peaked at 53 helicopters. By January 2017, the NH90 had logged 127,000 flight hours in the armed forces of thirteen nations.

See also
 Nederlandse Helikopter Industrie

References

External links
 Official NHIndustries website

Aerospace companies of France
Helicopter manufacturers of France

Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1992
French brands
1992 establishments in France

NHIndustries


Muzeul de Istorie din Botevgrad, Bulgaria, este amplasat in scuarul Saransk din oraș. Prima expoziție a fost deschisă în anul 1937.

Istorie

Tradiția muzeistică în comuna Botevgrad începe de la doi cercetători timpurii ai istoriei locului, preotul Gheorghi Popdimitrov din satul Skravena și învățătorul Gheorghi Popivanov din satul Trudoveț.

La 10 ianuarie 1927, un articol în ziarul local "Orhaniiski Novini" anunța înființarea unui muzeu arheologic în cadrul bibliotecii orășenești "Ivan Vazov". Prima colecție a muzeului este inaugurată în 1937 de către directorul liceului local, Asen Stefanov.

În 1950 colecția, deja mai mare și mai cuprinzătoare, este mutată la centrul de cultură local (citalișce) "Hristo Botev 1884", iar doi ani mai târziu, colecția devine muzeu de stat și este prevăzută cu o clădire separată.

La 24 mai 1959 are loc ceremonia de inaugurare a actualului muzeu. A doua expoziție a muzeului este deschisă in 1970. În 1985, muzeul este extins, fiind adăugate o colecție de artă și o galerie de artă. Din 1988 până în 2010, muzeul și galeria de artă erau amplasate într-o clădire separată de lângă , simbol al orașului.

La 1 iulie 2010 începe reconstrucția clădirii Judecătoriei din Botevgrad. La mai puțin de un an după aceasta, la 3 mai 2011, clădirea este deschisă și de atunci găzduiește Muzeul de Istorie.

Colecția muzeului
Muzeul are mai multe zone de expoziție, precum și o sală de conferințe prevăzută pentru prezentări, expoziții de artă, concerte, discuții, lecturi publice și diverse ceremonii. Muzeul continuă să colecteze materiale istorice și este implicat in activități de cercetare, educație și popularizare. De asemenea, participă la evenimente din agenda culturală a Botevgradului.

În 2018, colecția muzeului cuprindea peste 15 mii de exponate originale, inclusiv documente, fotografii originale, obiecte personale, armament, literatură tipărită veche, artefacte de numismatică și heraldică, cât și opere de artă. Muzeul este impărțit in trei departamente: Arheologie, Istoria pământurilor bulgare în secolele XV-XX și Arta și Istoria secolului XX. Școala mănăstirească din satul Bojenița, comuna Botevgrad, este afiliată muzeului.

Galerie de imagini

Note

Legături externe

Site oficial

Muzee din Bulgaria

Muzeul de Istorie din Botevgrad


Hvis mennesket ikke får lov at elske er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1983, der er instrueret af Anders Jørgensen og Peter Gren Larsen.

Handling
En skildring af besættelsen og aktivisterne i ungdomshuset i Abel Cathrines Gade, og frem til de voldsomme sammenstød ved Musikmekanisk Museum. Filmen viser, hvordan aktivisterne udfører praktiske opgaver, og hvordan man tager beslutninger, når 60-80 mennesker på 14-28 år skal få et ungdomshus til at fungere.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1983
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Hvis mennesket ikke får lov at elske


Vana (or with diacrits, e.g. Váňa) may refer to:

 Vana, Gujarat, a village on Saraushtra peninsula, western India
 Vana State, a former princely state whose seat was in Vana, Gujarat
 Vana, Iran, a village in Mazandaran Province, Iran
 Váňa, a Czech surname
 Vána, a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium
 Vana, wife of the legendary Swedish king Sveigðir
 Vana Parva, a book of the Mahabharata

Vana


Daniel Arca Inosanto (nacido en Stockton, California, el 24 de julio de 1936) es un artista marcial y actor estadounidense de ascendencia filipina, conocido a nivel mundial por su maestría en el arte marcial de la eskrima filipina y en varios estilos de artes marciales tradicionales, exóticas, y modernas. Es uno de los herederos legales del estilo jeet kune do creado por el artista marcial Bruce Lee.

Biografía
Daniel Inosanto, comúnmente conocido como Dan Inosanto, nació en California en 1936. En 1946 Inosanto se inicia en las artes marciales ingresando a una academia de karate tradicional gracias a su tío. Paralelamente se interesó en aprender el jiu-jitsu tradicional japonés. En su adolescencia, Inosanto se destacó en el atletismo y el football americano mientras estuvo en la secundaria. Una de las características de Inosanto en que se destacaría era su gran perseverancia.

A sus 20 años se interesó en practicar el Judo y lo hizo por dos años bajo la dirección del maestro Duke Yoshimura, fue admitido en los comandos especiales de la armada estadounidense, Fue allí donde aprendió boxeo y lucha libre.  Estando en 1961 en una base de la armada en Hawái, Dan presenció el kenpo americano en una demostración del maestro Ed Parker y  solicitó ser su alumno siendo aceptado por este.

Fue Ed Parker quien lo llevó al torneo de Artes Marciales, llamado: el "Internationals Karate Championships"  en Long Beach en 1964. Allí conoció a Bruce Lee, sirviéndole ocasionalmente como sparring en una demostración de su particular versión del kung-fu, y el encuentro con este famoso artista marcial sería crucial en la vida marcial de Inosanto. Hay que resaltar que fue Ed parker, quien lo animó a buscar las artes marciales tradicionales de sus antepasados filipinos.

Inosanto quedó tan impresionado con Bruce Lee y su funcional estilo marcial que solicitó acompañar a Lee en una gira en San Francisco, ambos artistas marciales congeniaron y se hicieron amigos.  Inosanto diría al respecto del estilo de Lee que:

Para esa fecha, Inosanto además contactó por medio de su familia con la comunidad de maestros aún vivos del arte marcial de la eskrima filipina, residentes en los EE. UU., también denominado arnis o Kali, donde aprendió la lucha con dos bastones medios, el machete, la espada y daga, los cuchillos, el látigo, la lucha cuerpo a cuerpo filipina, y el uso del bastón de dos secciones o nunchaku. El cual enseñó a Bruce Lee en 1970. Lee aplicó estas enseñanzas en la película "Enter the Dragon" (1972), asimismo Lee invitó a Inosanto a aparecer en el inconcluso filme Game of Death (1973) donde Inosanto se enfrenta contra Lee.

Bruce Lee aceptó a Inosanto como alumno especial en su instituto, el Jun Fan Gung Fu Institute en Los Ángeles, Lee enseñó a Inosanto el Jeet kune do y lo certificó como su primer instructor, de manera que mientras Bruce Lee estaba haciendo cine, Inosanto atendía la instrucción en el instituto.

Tras la muerte de Bruce Lee en 1973, Inosanto fue instructor en los primeros pasos en las artes marciales del hijo de Bruce, Brandon Lee.  En 1974, Inosanto abrió en Torrance, California,  una academia de artes marciales denominada Filipino Kali Academy y además fue instructor en varias escuelas de secundaria en Los Ángeles.

En 1987, abrió otra academia, la principal denominada  Inosanto Academy of Martial Arts en Los Ángeles en la que permitió como lo hizo Bruce Lee en su tiempos, una apertura a todos los estilos buscando los conceptos fundamentales de ellos y enseñándoselos a sus alumnos dentro del programa siempre en evolución del Jeet Kune Do Concepts. Durante su vida, Inosanto ha viajado como invitado especial a Brasil, Francia, Israel, Tailandia y al Japón para aprender y perfeccionar sus conocimientos de otros estilos marciles con y sin armas como: el muay thai, la esgrima con bastón o "la canne" francesa, la capoeira brasilera, el kendo japonés y hasta el método moderno de combate usado por los comandos israelíes, el krav magá. También aprendió shoot wrestling de parte de Yorinaga Nakamura, quien se convirtió en instructor de su escuela.

Actualmente, aún a sus 80 años, Guro Dan Inosanto continúa dando clases y siendo asistente de artes marciales en Hollywood a destacadas estrellas del cine, como Denzel Washington, Jeff Imada, Chuck Norris y Forest Whitaker, entre muchos otros.

Referencias

Practicantes de artes marciales de Estados Unidos

Dan Inosanto


أليساندرو غازي  (مواليد 28 يناير 1983 في فيلتري - إيطاليا) لاعب كرة قدم إيطالي يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى باري الإيطالي منذ 2004 في مركز الوسط المدافع .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من مقاطعة بلونو
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثالثة
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو باري
لاعبو باليرمو
لاعبو تورينو
لاعبو ريجينا
لاعبو سيينا
لاعبو كرة قدم إيطاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم من فينيتو
لاعبو لاتسيو
لاعبو نادي ألساندريا
لاعبو نادي تريفيزو
مواليد 1983

أليساندرو غازي


Sir Robert James Charles  (born 14 March 1936) is a New Zealand professional golfer. His achievements over five decades rank him among the most successful left-handed golfers of all time, being the first lefty to win a major championship, winning 80 career titles and beating his age twice during a tournament as a 71-year-old.

Although Charles plays golf left-handed, he is naturally right-handed.

Early life and amateur career
Born in Carterton, a small town in the Wairarapa district in New Zealand's North Island, Charles lived in Masterton where he worked as a bank teller. He won the New Zealand Open at Heretaunga on 8 November 1954, as an 18-year-old amateur.

Charles decided to hone his skills as an amateur first, and remained in his bank employment for a further six years. He represented New Zealand several times in international amateur tournaments during this period.

Professional career
In 1960, Charles turned professional. The next year won the New Zealand PGA Championship and soon after ventured overseas to the European and North American circuits.

In 1963, Charles won his first PGA Tour event in the United States, the Houston Classic, the first PGA Tour event won by a left-handed golfer. Later that year he won The Open Championship at Royal Lytham and St. Annes. After four rounds (68-72-66-71) his 277 was level with American Phil Rodgers. Charles won the 36-hole playoff by eight shots.

Charles has won about 80 tournaments around the world. As well as his PGA Tour victories, his win in the 1969 World Matchplay Championship was considered one of his best. He won the Senior British Open 30 years after winning his British Open title. He remains, along with Michael Campbell, one of only two New Zealanders to win a men's major golf championship.

In 2007 Charles became the oldest golfer to make a cut on the European Tour at the Michael Hill New Zealand Open. Charles shot a 68 in the second round, beating his age by three strokes. He would go on to finish in a tie for 23rd place.

Charles's move to the Senior PGA Tour (now called PGA Tour Champions) was very lucrative and successful with 23 titles; and in three years 1988, 1989 and 1993, he recorded lowest scoring average. He finished second on the European Seniors Tour's 2007 Wentworth Senior Masters at the age of 71. He was the first left-hander to win a major, but also the first lefty to be inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame, in the veterans category. He was inducted in 2008. He would remain the only lefty inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame until Phil Mickelson was elected in 2011.

At the Senior British Open Championship in 2010, Charles announced in an ESPN interview that he would retire from golf, stating that he was "74 years old, traveling this world for 50 years, and it's time to slow down and spend more time on my farm in New Zealand with my family."

Personal life
In the 1971 Queen's Birthday Honours, Charles was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to sport. In the 1992 New Year Honours, he was promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to golf. In the 1999 New Year Honours, Charles was appointed a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to golf. In the 2011 New Year Honours 2011, Charles was appointed as a Member of the Order of New Zealand, New Zealand's highest civilian honour, for services to New Zealand.

In December 1962, Charles married Verity Joan Aldridge in Johannesburg, South Africa. They met three years previously at the Commonwealth Golf tournament when it was held in South Africa. The golfers Denis Hutchinson and Bobby Verwey served as groomsmen. They had two children, Beverly and David. David is a golf director in the United States. He is a successful golf course designer having had major input into the Formosa Country Club east of Auckland, Millbrook at the resort town of Queenstown, and The Dunes course at Matarangi on the Coromandel Peninsula. He was also consultant to the Clearwater course, near Christchurch, designed by golf architect John Darby.

Charles has played in the Gary Player Invitational several times to assist Gary Player raise funds for various underprivileged children's causes.

Professional wins (80)

PGA Tour wins (6)

PGA Tour playoff record (1–2)

European Tour wins (4)

European Tour playoff record (0–1)

Southern Africa Tour wins (1)

PGA Tour of Australasia wins (3)

*Note: The 1973 City of Auckland Classic was shortened to 54 holes due to rain.

PGA Tour of Australasia playoff record (0–1)

Tournament Players Series wins (1)

Tournament Players Series playoff record (1–0)

Other European wins (6)
 1961 Bowmaker Tournament
 1962 Swiss Open, Daks Tournament (tie with Dai Rees), Engadine Open
1963 Open Championship
 1969 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship

New Zealand circuit wins (20)
1963 Wattie's Tournament
1966 New Zealand Open, Wattie's Tournament, Metalcraft Tournament, Forest Products Tournament (tie with Tony Jacklin)
1967 New Zealand Wills Masters (tie with Martin Roesink), Caltex Tournament (tie with Peter Thomson), Wattie's Tournament
1968 Wattie's Tournament, Caltex Tournament
1969 Spalding Masters
1970 New Zealand Open
1971 Otago Charity Classic, Caltex Tournament
1972 Spalding Masters
1973 City of Auckland Classic, New Zealand Open
1978 Air New Zealand Shell Open
1979 New Zealand PGA Championship
1980 New Zealand PGA Championship

Other New Zealand wins (4)
1954 New Zealand Open (as an amateur)
1961 New Zealand PGA Championship, Caltex Tournament
1962 Caltex Tournament

Other wins (1)

Senior PGA Tour wins (25)

*Note: The 1988 Pepsi Senior Challenge was shortened to 36 holes due to rain.

Senior PGA Tour playoff record (2–8)

European Senior Tour wins (1)

European Senior Tour playoff record (0–1)

Other senior wins (13)
1986 Mazda Champions (with Amy Alcott)
1987 Mauna Lani Invitational
1988 Fuji Electric Grandslam, 1st National Bank Classic
1989 Fuji Electric Grandslam
1990 Fuji Electric Grandslam, Kintetsu Home Senior, Daikyo Senior Invitational
1991 Kintetsu Home Senior
1998 Office Depot Father/Son Challenge (with son David)
2004 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf – Raphael Division (with Stewart Ginn)
2009 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf – Demaret Division (with Gary Player)
2010 Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf – Demaret Division (with Gary Player)

Major championships

Wins (1)

1Defeated Phil Rodgers in a 36-hole playoff (Charles 69-71=140, Rodgers 72-76=148).

Results timeline
Amateur

Professional

CUT = missed the halfway cut (3rd round cut in 1976 Open Championship)
WD = withdrew
QF, SF = Round in which player lost in match play
"T" indicates a tie for a place.

Source for The Masters: www.masters.com

Source for U.S. Open: USGA Championship Database

Source for The British Open: www.opengolf.com

Source for PGA Championship: PGA Championship Media Guide

Source for 1958 Amateur Championship: The Glasgow Herald, 6 June 1958, p. 4.

Summary

Most consecutive cuts made – 11 (1962 Masters – 1965 Masters)
Longest streak of top-10s – 3 (1968 U.S. Open – 1968 PGA)

Senior major championships

Wins (2)

Team appearances
Amateur
Eisenhower Trophy (representing New Zealand): 1958, 1960
Commonwealth Tournament (representing New Zealand): 1959
Sloan Morpeth Trophy (representing New Zealand): 1956

Professional
World Cup (representing New Zealand): 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1971, 1972
Hennessy Cognac Cup (representing the Rest of the World): 1982
Dunhill Cup (representing New Zealand): 1985, 1986

See also
List of golfers with most Champions Tour wins
List of men's major championships winning golfers

References

External links

New Zealand male golfers
PGA Tour of Australasia golfers
PGA Tour golfers
European Tour golfers
PGA Tour Champions golfers
Winners of men's major golf championships
Winners of senior major golf championships
World Golf Hall of Fame inductees
New Zealand Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit
Members of the Order of New Zealand
Left-handed golfers
People in sports awarded knighthoods
People educated at Wairarapa College
People from Carterton, New Zealand
Sportspeople from Masterton
People from Oxford, New Zealand
1936 births
Living people

Bob Charles (golfer)


Campbellite is a mildly pejorative term referring to adherents of certain religious groups that have historic roots in the Restoration Movement, among whose most prominent 19th-century leaders were Thomas and Alexander Campbell.  Members of these groups generally consider the term Campbellite inappropriate, saying that they are followers of Jesus, not Campbell.  They draw parallels with Martin Luther's protest of the name Lutherans and the Anabaptists' protest of the name given to them by their enemies. With specific reference to the early Restoration Movement, "[t]he terms Campbellism and Campbellites were universally rejected by those to whom they were applied."

Influence of the Campbells
Thomas and Alexander Campbell were the most prominent leaders of the Disciples of Christ movement of the early 19th century.  The group was committed to restoring primitive Christianity.  It merged with the Christians (Stone Movement) in 1832 to form what is now described as the American Restoration Movement (also known as the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement).  Other prominent individuals in the Restoration Movement included Barton W. Stone, Walter Scott and "Raccoon" John Smith.

Historically associated groups
Over time, strains grew within the Restoration Movement. In 1906, the U.S. Religious Census listed the Christian Churches and the Churches of Christ as separate and distinct groups for the first time. This, however, was simply the recognition of a division that had been growing for years, with published reports as early as 1883. The most obvious distinction between the two groups was the rejection of musical instruments in the Churches of Christ. The controversy over musical instruments began in 1860 with the introduction of organs in some churches. More basic were differences in the underlying approach to Biblical interpretation. For the Churches of Christ, any practices not present in accounts of New Testament worship were not permissible in the church, and they could find no New Testament documentation of the use of instrumental music in worship. For the Christian Churches, any practices not expressly forbidden could be considered.  The major groups with historical roots in the movement are:
The Churches of Christ
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
The Christian churches and churches of Christ
The churches of Christ (non-institutional)

The term Campbellite is most often applied to the more conservative branches of the movement, including the Churches of Christ and the Christian churches and churches of Christ.

A Campbellite family is featured in Chapter IX of MacKinlay Kantor's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel "Andersonville" (1955).

References

Restoration Movement

Campbellite


Sul Portekiz'de São Pedro do Sul belediyesine bağlı olan, 47,48 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 1.409 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
São Pedro do Sul

Sul (São Pedro do Sul)


A fermionic condensate (or Fermi–Dirac condensate) is a superfluid phase formed by fermionic particles at low temperatures. It is closely related to the Bose–Einstein condensate, a superfluid phase formed by bosonic atoms under similar conditions. The earliest recognized fermionic condensate described the state of electrons in a superconductor; the physics of other examples including recent work with fermionic atoms is analogous. The first atomic fermionic condensate was created by a team led by Deborah S. Jin using potassium-40 atoms at the University of Colorado Boulder in 2003.

Background

Superfluidity
Fermionic condensates are attained at lower temperatures than Bose–Einstein condensates. Fermionic condensates are a type of superfluid. As the name suggests, a superfluid possesses fluid properties similar to those possessed by ordinary liquids and gases, such as the lack of a definite shape and the ability to flow in response to applied forces. However, superfluids possess some properties that do not appear in ordinary matter. For instance, they can flow at high velocities without dissipating any energy—i.e. zero viscosity. At lower velocities, energy is dissipated by the formation of quantized vortices, which act as "holes" in the medium where superfluidity breaks down. Superfluidity was originally discovered in liquid helium-4 whose atoms are bosons, not fermions.

Fermionic superfluids
It is far more difficult to produce a fermionic superfluid than a bosonic one, because the Pauli exclusion principle prohibits fermions from occupying the same quantum state. However, there is a well-known mechanism by which a superfluid may be formed from fermions: That mechanism is the BCS transition, discovered in 1957 by J. Bardeen, L.N. Cooper, and R. Schrieffer for describing superconductivity. These authors showed that, below a certain temperature, electrons (which are fermions) can pair up to form bound pairs now known as Cooper pairs. As long as collisions with the ionic lattice of the solid do not supply enough energy to break the Cooper pairs, the electron fluid will be able to flow without dissipation. As a result, it becomes a superfluid, and the material through which it flows a superconductor.

The BCS theory was phenomenally successful in describing superconductors. Soon after the publication of the BCS paper, several theorists proposed that a similar phenomenon could occur in fluids made up of fermions other than electrons, such as helium-3 atoms. These speculations were confirmed in 1971, when experiments performed by D.D. Osheroff showed that helium-3 becomes a superfluid below 0.0025 K. It was soon verified that the superfluidity of helium-3 arises from a BCS-like mechanism.

Creation of the first fermionic condensates
When Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman produced a Bose–Einstein condensate from rubidium atoms in 1995, there naturally arose the prospect of creating a similar sort of condensate made from fermionic atoms, which would form a superfluid by the BCS mechanism. However, early calculations indicated that the temperature required for producing Cooper pairing in atoms would be too cold to achieve. In 2001, Murray Holland at JILA suggested a way of bypassing this difficulty. He speculated that fermionic atoms could be coaxed into pairing up by subjecting them to a strong magnetic field.

In 2003, working on Holland's suggestion, Deborah Jin at JILA, Rudolf Grimm at the University of Innsbruck, and Wolfgang Ketterle at MIT managed  to coax fermionic atoms into forming molecular bosons, which then underwent Bose–Einstein condensation. However, this was not a true fermionic condensate. On December 16, 2003, Jin managed to produce a condensate out of fermionic atoms for the first time. The experiment involved 500,000 potassium-40 atoms cooled to a temperature of 5×10−8 K, subjected to a time-varying magnetic field.

Examples

Chiral condensate
A chiral condensate is an example of a fermionic condensate that appears in theories of massless fermions with chiral symmetry breaking, such as the theory of quarks in Quantum Chromodynamics.

BCS theory
The BCS theory of superconductivity has a fermion condensate. A pair of electrons in a metal with opposite spins can form a scalar bound state called a Cooper pair. The bound states themselves then form a condensate. Since the Cooper pair has electric charge, this fermion condensate breaks the electromagnetic gauge symmetry of a superconductor, giving rise to the wonderful electromagnetic properties of such states.

QCD
In quantum chromodynamics (QCD) the chiral condensate is also called the quark condensate. This property of the QCD vacuum is partly responsible for giving masses to hadrons (along with other condensates like the gluon condensate).

In an approximate version of QCD, which has vanishing quark masses for N quark flavours, there is an exact chiral  symmetry of the theory. The QCD vacuum breaks this symmetry to SU(N) by forming a quark condensate. The existence of such a fermion condensate was first shown explicitly in the lattice formulation of QCD. The quark condensate is therefore an order parameter of transitions between several phases of quark matter in this limit.

This is very similar to the BCS theory of superconductivity. The Cooper pairs are analogous to the pseudoscalar mesons. However, the vacuum carries no charge. Hence all the gauge symmetries are unbroken. Corrections for the masses of the quarks can be incorporated using chiral perturbation theory.

Helium-3 superfluid
A helium-3 atom is a fermion and at very low temperatures, they form two-atom Cooper pairs which are bosonic and condense into a superfluid. These Cooper pairs are substantially larger than the interatomic separation.

See also
 Fermi gas
 Bose gas

Footnotes

References

Sources

 </ref>

American inventions
Condensed matter physics
Phases of matter
Quantum field theory
Exotic matter
Quantum phases
Superfluidity

Fermionic condensate


المطبخ العراقي أو مطبخ بلاد ما بين النهرين لديه تاريخ طويل يعود إلى 10,000 سنة—إلى السومريين والأكاديين والبابليين والآشوريين. حيث أن بعضاً من الألواح التي وجدت في الآثار القديمة في العراق تظهر وصفات لتحضير الطعام الذي كان يعد في المعابد أثناء الأعياد الدينية—وتعتبر هذه الألواح من كتب الطبخ الأولى في العالم
العراق القديم، أو بلاد ما بين النهرين كان مهداً لحضارات كثيرة متطورة ومتقدمة للغاية في جميع ميادين المعرفة—بما في ذلك فنون الطهي. ومع ذلك، فإنه في عصر القرون الوسطى عندما كانت بغداد عاصمة للخلافة العباسية بلغ المطبخ العراقي ذروته.
واليوم المطبخ في العراق يعكس هذا الميراث الغني فضلاً عن تأثيرات قوية من تقاليد الطهي للدول المجاورة مثل تركيا وإيران وسوريا المنطقة. والتالي بعض من الأكلات الشعبية والمشهورة جداً في العراق.

مكونات المطبخ العراقي
بعض المكونات المميزة للمطبخ العراقي تشمل:
 الخضار، مثل: الباذنجان، الطماطم، اللفت، الفاصوليا الخضراء، الكراث، البامية، البصل، العدس، الرشاد، البطاطا، الملفوف، الكوسا، السبانخ، الخس، الكراث، الخرشوف، الثوم، الفلفل البارد والفلفل الحار.
 الحبوب، مثل: الأرز، القمح، البرغل، والشعير.
 البقوليات، مثل: العدس، الحمص، الفاصوليا، والماش.
 الفواكة، مثل: الزيتون، التمور، الزبيب، المشمش، الخوخ، التين، العنب، البطيخ، الرمان، التفاح، الكرز، السفرجل، والحمضيات كالبرتقال، الليمون، والرارنج.
 الاجبان، مثل: جبنة بلدي، فيتا (جبن)، حلوم.
 الاعشاب والتوابل، مثل: القرفة، هال، كزبرة، الحلبة، كمون، مردقوش، النعناع، الطرخون، الزعتر، الزعفران، سليخة، الشبت، الكركم، السماق.
 المكسرات والحبوب، مثل: السمسم، الفستق، اللوز، الجوز، البندق والصنوبر.

إضافة إلى مكونات أخرى مثل زيت الزيتون، زيت السمسم، التمر الهندي، الشعيرية، الطحينة، العسل، اللبن الزبادي وماء الورد. لحم الضأن هو اللحم المفضل، ولكن يؤكل الدجاج ولحم البقر والماعز والأسماك أيضًا.

المأكولات العراقية

المأكولات
 المسكوف
 الدولمة
 المقلوبة
 الكباب
 الفلافل
 الكبة، وهنالك عدة أنواع مثل: كبة البرغل، كبة التمن.
 مسموطة
 كفتة
 القوزي
 برياني
 تشريب
 شاورما
 مطبق السمك
 تمن باقلاء
 تمن ماش
 الأرز المحترق
 سمبوسة
 بسطرمة
 مجدرة

الحساء واليخنات
 مرق الفاصوليا
 الهريسة
 شوربة عدس
 مرق البامية
 القيمة
 التبسي
 الطرشانة
 جلّ فراي، وتسمى أيضاً حَمِيسَة.
 محروك أصبعه
 مرق السبانخ وتسمى سبيناغ (من دون إضافة ما يعرف بالآله) ويؤكل مع الرز.
 سبزي (إسفاناخ مع إضافة ما يعرف بالآلة) ويؤكل مع الرز.
 الزبيبية، اكلة موصلية تحتوي على المشمش والجوز واللوز وتوضع فيها كبة البرغل.
 شوربة ماش

الالبان
 جبنة بلدي
 جبنة عربية
 قيمر
 لبنة
 أقط

المخبوزات
 خبز عربي
 صمون عراقي
 لحم بعجين
 بوريك
 الكعك
 كاهي
 السياح
 المرقوق
 مناقيش
 لحم بعجين عرايس

الصلصات والتتبيلات
 عمبة
 صاص
 دبس التمر
 راشي
 ماء ورد
 محلب
 دبس الرمان

الحلويات
 لقيمات
 حلاوة طحينية
 من السما
 دهين
 كليچة
 بقلاوة
 زلابية
 زنود الست
 برمة
 كنافة
 قطايف
 مدقوقة

المشروبات
 قهوة تركية
 شربات
 شاي
 شنينة
 جعة
 عرق

المقبلات (المزة)
 حمص بطحينة
 جاجيك
 فتوش
 تبولة
 بابا غنوج
 طرشي
 زلاطة

مصطلحات الطبخ العراقي
 الآلة: هي مكونات أكلة السبانخ وهي المعدنوس والحلبة والكزبرة والإشبنت والكرفس وحبات اللوبية اليابسة وشيء من الحمص أحياناً.
 خِدَر: خِدَر الچاي، أي تمّ طبخه وصار صالحاً للشرب، وخَدَّر الچاي: صنعه وأعدّه، ويقال الچاي خَدْران ومِتْخدّر إذا تمّ إعداده، ويُشترط لتخدير الچاي أن يمرّ عليه وقت معين وهو على مقربة من الفحم المتّقد، وإلا فهو فطير.
 دَوّغ: يدوّغ إذا ذوّب الدهن بالطاوة والقدر على النار، والاسم هو دواغ، ويقال أيضاً تدويغ فهو امدوّغ.
 هدّر: هدّر الچاي مثل خدّر الچاي فهو متْهدّر.

المصادر

وصلات خارجية
 كبة الرز والبرغل العراقية
 الطعام والمطبخ العراقي
 وصفات شهية لتحضير الطعام العراقي
 المطبخ القديم لبلاد ما بين النهرين

مطبخ الشرق الأوسط
مطبخ شامي
مطبخ عربي
مطبخ متوسطي

مطبخ عراقي


Jacques Picoux (né le  et mort le ) est un enseignant, traducteur et artiste taïwanais d'origine française. Proche du milieu du cinéma, il assure la traduction et la promotion de nombreux films en langue chinoise et joue même dans le film The Assassin de Hou Hsiao-hsien. Son suicide en 2016, dans un contexte de non-reconnaissance de l'union entre deux personnes du même sexe, a profondément marqué les esprits à Taïwan et fait progresser la lutte des LGBT pour la reconnaissance de leurs droits sur l'île.

Carrière
Arrivé à Taïwan en 1979, initialement dans le cadre d'un échange entre l'Université Paris VII (dont il possédait un doctorat) et l'Université nationale de Taïwan, il s'y établit définitivement pour y enseigner le français, au département de langues étrangères de l'Université ainsi que dans une éphémère émission télévisée baptisée Salut les copains. Parallèlement, il exerce comme artiste plasticien spécialisé dans les collages. Enfin, il exerce comme traducteur dans le cinéma, pour des réalisateurs comme Wong Kar-wai, Zhang Yimou, Tsai Ming-liang, Yang Dechang ou Hou Hsiao-hsien

Décès
Eploré par le décès de son compagnon Tseng Ching-chao des suites d'un cancer, et par la non-reconnaissance de son statut de conjoint malgré 35 ans de vie commune (que ce soit pour être impliqué dans les choix médicaux ou pour percevoir le moindre héritage), Jacques Picoux se donne la mort par défenestration le 16 octobre 2016 à l'âge de 67 ans. Ce drame rencontre un écho local retentissant et galvanise la communauté LGBT taïwanaise, qui finira par obtenir la reconnaissance du mariage homosexuel en 2019.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Professeur à l'université nationale de Taïwan
Acteur taïwanais de cinéma
Peintre taïwanais du XXe siècle
Peintre taïwanais du XXIe siècle
Traducteur taïwanais
LGBT à Taïwan
Naissance en novembre 1948
Naissance dans le département du Nord
Décès en octobre 2016
Décès à 67 ans
Décès à Taipei
Acteur suicidé
Suicide par précipitation

Jacques Picoux


مركز مقاطعة باسادينا المدنى وهو الحي التاريخي في باسادينا بولاية كاليفورنيا تقريبا تحده الجوزة الخضراء والشوارع وريمون وإقليديس طرق.

بناء مركز المدنية تمويل قدره 3.5 مليون دولار من إصدار السندات في عام 1923 وكانت الشركة التي أنشأتها شركة شيكاغو بينيت، وبارسونز فروست.
والمباني في المنطقة وتشمل قاعة مدينة باسادينا، والمكتبة العامة باسادينا، باسادينا الاوديتوريوم المدني، وإدارة الشرطة في باسادينا، والمحكمة، وجمعية الشبان المسيحيين، وجمعية الشابات المسيحيات، وشركة غاز جنوب كاليفورنيا الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية ومكتب البريد.

مراجع

كاليفورنيا

مبان حكومية في السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية في كاليفورنيا

المناطق التاريخية في السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية في كاليفورنيا

السجل الوطني للأماكن التاريخية في باسادينا (كاليفورنيا)
عمارة كلاسيكية جديدة في كاليفورنيا

مركز مقاطعة باسادينا المدنى


رسالة غرام فيلم موسيقي درامي رومانسي مصري تم إنتاجه عام 1954، من إخراج هنري بركات وبطولة فريد الأطرش ومريم فخر الدين وعبد السلام النابلسي.

فريق العمل

تمثيل
 فريد الأطرش
 مريم فخر الدين
 عبد السلام النابلسي
 حسين رياض
 كمال الشناوي
 عمر الحريري
 زكي إبراهيم

الفريق الفني
إخراج: هنري بركات
تأليف: عن قصة «مجدولين» لألفونس كارهنري بركات (سيناريو)يوسف عيسى (حوار)
إنتاج: أفلام فريد الأطرش

اغاني الفيلم
من الحان وغناء فريد الأطرش
 أنا كنت فاكرك ملاك
كلمات: مأمون الشناوي
 أنا وإنت أنا وإنت
كلمات: مأمون الشناوي
 بدور عليك
كلمات: مأمون الشناوي
 الحب كفاية علينا
كلمات: مأمون الشناوي
 الشاطئ
كلمات: صالح جودت
 يا قلبي يا مجروح
كلمات: مأمون الشناوي

روابط خارجية

مصادر

أفلام فريد الأطرش
أفلام حسين رياض
أفلام كمال الشناوي
أفلام باللغة العربية في عقد 1950
أفلام مصرية بالأبيض والأسود
أفلام مريم فخر الدين
أفلام عبد السلام النابلسي
أفلام إنتاج أفلام فريد الأطرش
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1954
أفلام دراما رومانسية إنتاج عقد 1950
أفلام رومانسية درامية مصرية

رسالة غرام (فيلم)


Das Heinz-Berggruen-Gymnasium ist ein öffentliches Gymnasium im Berliner Westend im Bezirk Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, in der Nähe des Theodor-Heuss-Platz und des Messegeländes. Der Namensgeber der Schule ist der Kunsthändler Heinz Berggruen. Das Gebäude der ehemaligen Erich-Hoepner-Schule mit seiner Turnhalle und Aula steht als Baudenkmal unter Denkmalschutz.

Geschichte

Reform-Realgymnasium
Seit 1909 war die heutige Herder-Oberschule als Reform-Realgymnasium auf dem Gelände des heutigen Heinz-Berggruen-Gymnasiums ansässig. 1913 ist sie erstmals auf dem Pharus-Plan von Groß-Berlin als Realgymnasium verzeichnet. Die Bombenangriffe des Krieges überstand das Schulhaus weitgehend unbeschadet, doch brannte es am 11. Mai 1945 aus bis heute nicht eindeutig geklärter Ursache vollständig aus.

Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg
Das heutige Gymnasium wurde nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg als Nachfolger des Kaiserin-Augusta-Gymnasiums und des Mommsen-Gymnasiums gegründet. Das Mommsen-Gymnasium war ab 1901 gebaut worden, da die bestehenden Schulen den Bedarf in Charlottenburg nicht mehr abdecken konnten, und wurde 1903 eröffnet (Wormser Straße, später auch Waldschulallee).

Im September 1945 erhielt diese neue Schule den Namen "Charlottenburger Gymnasium". Von 1954 bis 1956 wurde das Schulgebäude nach Plänen des Architekten Robert Tepez errichtet und am 30. Juni 1956 feierlich übergeben.

Benennung und Umbenennung
Am 14. September desselben Jahres erhielt es durch einen BVV-Beschluss des Bezirks Charlottenburg von Berlin den Namen Erich-Hoepner-Gymnasium, welcher an den hingerichteten Generaloberst und Widerstandskämpfer Erich Hoepner (1886–1944) erinnerte, der Schüler des Kaiserin-Augusta-Gymnasiums war. Schon damals gab es aus unterschiedlichen Gründen Widerstand gegen die Umbenennung vonseiten des damaligen Schulleiters Rudolphi und großen Teilen der Elternschaft und des Lehrerkollegiums. Man sah das Mitbestimmungsrecht übergangen, Teile wollten lieber einen Neuhumanisten wie den ursprünglichen Namensgeber Mommsen als Namensgeber. Rudolphi, der selbst Opfer des Nationalsozialismus war und an der Schule zuvor Feierlichkeiten zum Andenken an den 20. Juli 1944 abhalten ließ, und andere Teile fanden auch die Rolle Hoepners als Widerstandskämpfer (Auftreten vor dem Volksgerichtshof) wenig vorbildlich. Rudolphi blieb daher den Feierlichkeiten zur Umbenennung fern. Die Person Hoepners ist heute aufgrund seiner zwiespältigen Biografie umstritten. – Obwohl er schon früh in Kreisen des Widerstands gegen den Nationalsozialismus verkehrte, hatte er als Panzergeneral Erschießungen angeordnet und zur Abwehr des jüdischen Bolschewismus aufgerufen. – So leitete anlässlich des 50-jährigen Schuljubiläums 2006 die Schulleitung einen Prozess zur Umbenennung der Schule ein. Seit dem 1. August 2008 ist das Gymnasium nach dem Kunstsammler und Mäzen Heinz Berggruen (1914–2007) benannt.

Schulprofil
Das Heinz-Berggruen-Gymnasium hat einen altsprachlichen, einen künstlerischen und einen musikalischen Schwerpunkt. Der künstlerische und musikalische Schwerpunkt haben ihren Ursprung in den 50er Jahren. Im Schuljahr 1953/54 richtete die Schule als erstes Gymnasium Deutschlands einen "Neusprachlichen Zug musischer Richtung" ein, der Vorbild für viele weitere Schulen wurde. Die Schule verfügt über eine große Zahl von musikalischen Ensembles, in denen Schüler ab der 5. Klasse mitwirken können. Die Weihnachtskonzerte der Schule finden jährlich im Konzertsaal der Universität der Künste statt; die Sommerkonzerte im Kammermusiksaal der Berliner Philharmonie.

Schülerzeitung OHnE
Die OHnE Schülerzeitung des Heinz-Berggruen-Gymnasiums wird komplett unabhängig von der Schule von ungefähr 20 Schülern geleitet. Sie erscheint seit 1998 zweimal im Jahr und befasst sich neben schulischen Dingen auch mit weltaktuellen Problemen und Ereignissen, die sie den Schülern verständlich zu machen sucht. Seit 2011 existiert auch ein Tochtermagazin für die 5. bis 7. Klassen, die OHnE junior. Berlin- und bundesweit ist die OHnE schon durch zahlreiche Preise und Ehrungen aufgefallen. So gewann sie von 2005 bis 2009 viermal den Berliner Schülerzeitungswettbewerb und wurde seit 2006 immer im Spiegel-Schülerzeitungswettbewerb prämiert.

Bekannte Absolventen
Zu den bekannten Absolventen des Gymnasiums gehören:
 Alexander Kluge (* 1932), Filmemacher (Abitur am Charlottenburger Gymnasium)
 Günter Schultz (1936–2021), Pharmakologe (Abitur 1955 am Charlottenburger Gymnasium)
 Erik Spiekermann (* 1947), Typograf
 Gudrun Schaumann, Geigerin
 Andreas Fröhlich (* 1965), Schauspieler
 Jacques Schuster (* 1965), Journalist (Abitur 1983 am Erich-Hoeppner-Gymnasium)
 Julia Biedermann (* 1967), Schauspielerin (Schülerin am Erich-Hoepner-Gymnasium)

Siehe auch

 Liste der Kulturdenkmale in Berlin-Westend
 Heinz Berggruen

Literatur

Weblinks

 Website der Schule

 Weitere Details zur Umbenennung
 Website der Schülerzeitung OHnE

Einzelnachweise

Gymnasium in Berlin
Baudenkmal in Berlin
Schule in Berlin-Westend
Gegründet 1945
Erbaut in den 1950er Jahren

Heinz-Berggruen-Gymnasium


David Trimble (* Juni 1782 im Frederick County, Virginia; † 20. Oktober 1842 im Greenup County, Kentucky) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1817 und 1827 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Kentucky im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
David Trimble besuchte bis 1799 das College of William & Mary in Williamsburg. Nach einem anschließenden Jurastudium und seiner Zulassung als Rechtsanwalt begann er in Mount Sterling in diesem Beruf zu arbeiten. Trimble nahm auch in verschiedenen Funktionen am Britisch-Amerikanischen Krieg von 1812 teil.

Politisch war er Mitglied der Demokratisch-Republikanischen Partei. Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 1816 wurde er im ersten Wahlbezirk von Kentucky in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington, D.C. gewählt, wo er am 4. März 1817 die Nachfolge von Thomas Fletcher antrat. Nach vier Wiederwahlen konnte er bis zum 3. März 1827 fünf zusammenhängende Legislaturperioden im Kongress absolvieren. In den 1820er Jahren schloss sich Trimble der Bewegung um Präsident John Quincy Adams an. Diese stand in Opposition zur Bewegung um seinen Nachfolger Andrew Jackson, aus der später die Demokratische Partei hervorging. Zwischen 1819 und 1821 war Trimble Vorsitzender des Ausschusses zur Kontrolle der Ausgaben des Finanzministeriums. Außerdem war er zur gleichen Zeit Mitglied im Wahlausschuss.

Bei den Wahlen des Jahres 1826 verlor David Trimble gegen Henry Daniel. Danach zog er sich aus der Politik zurück. Er starb am 20. Oktober 1842 auf seinem Anwesen "Trimble's Furnace".

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für Kentucky
Mitglied der Demokratisch-Republikanischen Partei
Rechtsanwalt (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1782
Gestorben 1842
Mann

David Trimble (Politiker, 1782)


Østlig turteldue () er en dueart, der lever i Asien.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Duefugle
Asiens fugle

Østlig turteldue


Escolástico Rubio Gómez (Garrovillas, 1846 - Herrera del Duque, 1911). Fue diputado en Cortes, en la legislatura de 1873 - 1874. Participó en la elaboración de la Constitución de 1873.

Terminó su representación al disolverse las Cortes con el golpe del general Pavía, el 3 de nero de 1874. Alfonso XII le concedió la Cruz de Caballero de la Orden de Isabel la Católica, el 13 de enero de 1881, distinción reservada a los que han prestado servicios notables a la patría.

Trayectoria
Escolástico estudió en Salamanca en bachiller en Artes, después estudió en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Central de Madrid, donde se licenció en Civil y Canónico.

Poco después vino a residir a Herrera del Duque no se sabe si por motivos profesionales, políticos o sentimentales, ya que estuvo casado dos veces. Dedicó parte de su vida a la política, en el partido conservador, y con esta actividad suya estaría relacionada la explosión de una pequeña bomba que le colocaron en su casa y rompió la puerta de su casa. Era un gran propietario, suyos fueron los valles. En torno a 1870, fue rematante de la subasta de la dehesa vendida. También fue copropietario de la mina de plomo de Fuenlabrada de los Montes. Murió el 21 de noviembre de 1911 de tuberculosis pulmonar.

Véase también
 Herrera del Duque

Referencias

Políticos de España del siglo XIX
Caballeros grandes cruces de la Orden de Isabel la Católica
Nacidos en Garrovillas de Alconétar

Escolástico Rubio Gómez


Tepličky este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Hlohovec din regiunea Trnava. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 309 locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Tepličky este atestată documentar din 1113.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Tepličky


An Ctenium chapadense in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl Bernhard von Trinius, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Johann es Christoph Christian Döll. An Ctenium chapadense in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ctenium, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ctenium

Ctenium chapadense


El XIV Campeonato Europeo de Waterpolo Femenino se celebró en Eindhoven (Países Bajos) entre el 18 y el 28 de enero de 2012. El evento fue organizado por la Liga Europea de Natación (LEN) y la Real Federación Neerlandesa de Natación.

Los partidos se efectuaron en el Estadio de Natación Pieter van den Hoogenband de la ciudad holandesa. Participaron en total 8 selecciones nacionales divididas en 2 grupos.

Grupos

Fase preliminar

El primer equipo de cada grupo pasa directamente a las semifinales. Los equipos clasificados en segundo y tercer puesto tienen que disputar primero los cuartos de final.

Grupo A

Resultados

(¹) –  Hora local de los Países Bajos (UTC+1).

Grupo B

Resultados

(¹) –  Hora local de los Países Bajos (UTC+1).

Fase final

Cuartos de final

(¹) –  Hora local de los Países Bajos (UTC+1).

Semifinales

(¹) –  Hora local de los Países Bajos (UTC+1).

Quinto lugar

Tercer lugar

Final

(¹) –  Hora local de los Países Bajos (UTC+1).

Medallero

Estadísticas

Clasificación general

Máximas goleadoras

Véase también
Campeonato Europeo de Waterpolo Masculino de 2012

Enlaces externos
Pág. web del evento (en inglés)
 Resultados oficiales (en inglés)

Campeonatos europeos de waterpolo

Campeonato Europeo de Waterpolo Femenino de 2012


Das Suttavibhanga () ist das erste Buch des Vinaya Pitaka des Theravada.  Es ist ein Kommentar zu den Regeln der Gemeinschaft (Patimokkha). Zu jeder Regel wird mit einer Erzählung dargelegt, warum der Buddha sie aufstellte, gefolgt von Erklärungen. Es enthält außerdem noch Erzählungen, die als "juristische Präzedenzfälle" angesehen werden.

Das Suttavibhanga ist in zwei Teile geteilt: Das Mahā Vibhanga  enthält die monastischen Regeln für die Mönche, das Bikkhunī Vibhanga die monastischen Regeln für die Nonnen.

Mahā Vibhanga
 Pārājikā-dhammā, 4 Regeln deren Nichteinhaltung "zu Fall bringt". Nach traditionellem Verständnis kann der Regelbrecher in seinem Leben niemals mehr Mönch werden, obwohl er in den meisten Fällen noch Novize bleiben kann.
 Zölibat – Die einführende Erzählung enthält einen Abschnitt in dem Sariputta den Buddha fragt, welche Lehren der früheren Buddhas lange erhalten blieben und warum. Der Buddha antwortete, dass die Lehren derjenigen Buddhas, die Wissen und moralische Disziplin lehrten, am längsten erhalten blieben. Die Regel gestattet einem Mönch den Orden zu verlassen, und in den Laienstand zurückzukehren. Wenn er dann die Regel "bricht" hat das keine Auswirkung und er kann sich später wieder ordinieren.
 Enthaltung vom Stehlen – In  Zusammenhang mit dieser Regel wird die Geschichte einiger Mönche erzählt, die gefangene Tiere aus den Fallen der Jäger befreiten.  Der Buddha erklärte sie für nicht schuldig.
 Enthaltung vom Töten von Menschen
 Enthaltung von Lügen oder unrealistischen Ansichten im Bezug auf die eigenen spirituellen Errungenschaften
 Sanghādisesā-dhammā, 13 Regeln über Vergehen, die auf einer Versammlung des Ordenskapitels beraten werden müssen. Der Regelbrecher bekommt eine Bewährungszeit, die solange dauert wie Zeit zwischen Regelbruch und dem Eingeständnis lag. Danach erfolgt eine fünftägige Manatta. Jetzt kann der Mönch rehabilitiert werden, jedoch nur wenn mindestens 20 Mönche zustimmen.
 Aniyatā-dhammā, 2 Regeln für Vorfälle, die in mehrere Kategorien fallen
 Nissaggiyā pācittiyā-dhammā, 30 Regeln deren Nichteinhaltung Sühne und das Aushändigen von auf unrechtmäßige Weise erlangten oder einbehaltenen Besitz erfordert.
 Pācittiyā-dhammā, 92 Regeln deren Nichteinhaltung Sühne erfordert. Das Pācittiyā-dhammā enthält im siebten Abschnitt zehn Vorschriften für den Umgang mit Tieren, die unter anderem das Töten von Tieren verbieten. Der zweite Abschnitt enthält Regeln für den respektvollen Umgang mit Pflanzen.
 Pāṭidesanīya-dhammā, 4 Regeln deren Nichteinhaltung "auf bestimmte Weise gestanden werden soll"
 Sekhiya-dhammā, 75 Regeln "in denen man sich schulen soll"
 Adhikaraṇasamatha-dhammā, 7 Regeln zur Schlichtung von Streitigkeiten

Bikkhunī Vibhanga
Da viele der Regeln für die Mönche auch für die Nonnen gelten, werden sie im Suttavibhanga nicht generell wiederholt. Darum enthalten die Abschnitte mit den Regeln für die Nonnen manchmal weniger Regeln als am Anfang oder Ende des Abschnitts angegeben.

 Pārājika-dhammā, 4 von 8 Regeln deren Nichteinhaltung "zu Fall bringt".
 Saṅghādisesa-dhammā, 10 von 17 Regeln deren Nichteinhaltung auf einer Versammlung des Ordenskapitels beraten werden muss.
 Nissaggiya Pācittiya-dhammā, 12 von 30 Regeln deren Nichteinhaltung Sühne und das Aushändigen von auf unrechtmäßige Weise erlangten oder einbehaltenen Besitz erfordert.
 Pācittiya-dhammā, 96 von 166 Regeln deren Nichteinhaltung Sühne erfordert.
 Pāṭidesanīya-dhammā, 8 Regeln deren Nichteinhaltung "auf bestimmte Weise gestanden werden soll"
 Sekhiya-dhammā, 75 Regeln "in denen man sich schulen soll"
 Adhikaraṇasamatha-dhammā, 7 Regeln zur Schlichtung von Streitigkeiten

Siehe auch
 Patimokkha
 Sangha
 Vinayapitaka
 Buddhistische Ordensregeln

Literatur
 Horner, I.B. (1970). The book of discipline Vol. I (Suttavibhaṅga), London Luzac, reprint.
 Horner, I.B. (1957). The book of discipline Vol. II (Suttavibhaṅga), London Luzac.
 Horner, I.B. (1957). The book of discipline Vol. III (Suttavibhaṅga), London Luzac.

Weblinks
  Patimokkha www.palikanon.com
 Bikkhunī Vibhanga www.accesstoinsight.org
 Patimokkha in der Übersetzung von Bhikkhu Ñānadassana www.palikanon.com

Buddhistische Literatur
Theravada

Suttavibhanga


Edward Marsden Waring, MBE (21 February 1910 – 28 October 1986) was a British rugby league football coach, commentator and television presenter.

Early life
Waring was born on 21 February 1910 in Dewsbury, West Riding of Yorkshire to Arthur Waring, an insurance agent, and Florence Harriet Waring (née Marsden). He grew up in Soothill Nether, and attended Eastborough Council School, and Wheelwright Grammar School.

Early career

Waring was never a noted rugby league player; he was more proficient at association football, and had trials with Nottingham Forest and Barnsley. He began work as a typewriter salesman in his home town of Dewsbury, but he gave up that career to join a local newspaper and report on rugby league matches.

Alongside his fledgling journalism career he ran the local Dewsbury Boys Rugby League Club, renaming them the Black Knights (this foreshadowed how Super League clubs were branded some 60 years later). During the Second World War Waring managed Dewsbury RLFC as he was exempted from armed service with an ear condition. Recruiting men from a nearby military camp, he led the club to its second Challenge Cup victory in 1943 – the club's last ever success in the competition.

Waring travelled on  with the Great Britain national rugby league team on the first post-war tour of Australia. Returning home via the United States, he met Bob Hope, who alerted him to the success of televised sport. This is believed to have convinced him that television would be crucial for rugby league's long-term success. In the UK, he pushed this case harder with the BBC, having written to them as far back as 1931. After several rejections, he was given a chance as a broadcaster when the BBC began to cover the sport. He made his first televised appearance as part of the coverage for the 1949 Challenge Cup final.

Broadcasting style
Waring's commentary polarised opinion over the next decades. For some viewers he would be "Uncle Eddie," the warm and friendly voice of the north, but others believed that his voice simply reinforced stereotypes. During the 1960s, his eccentric mode of speech (Hull Kingston Rovers was pronounced "Hulking Stan Rovers") and his northern accent began to be widely impersonated, largely by Mike Yarwood.

In the badly rain-affected 1968 Challenge Cup Final at Wembley, Waring described Wakefield Trinity player Don Fox with the line "He's a poor lad!" after Fox missed a last minute kick from in front of the posts against Leeds. The miss handed the cup to his opponents. His commentary on the game was widely praised; The Guardian said in 2007 that the game was "seared into the public consciousness" in part because of it.

Many of his lines became catchphrases in the game, including, "It's an up and under" (a rugby tactic consisting of kicking the ball in a high arc, while the rest of the team rushes toward the landing point, hoping to gain possession and field position) and "He's goin' for an early bath" (when a player was sent off the field for a serious foul).

Celebrity appearances
Waring branched out, appearing first as the referee on the television series It's a Knockout, and as the UK's representative on the international umpiring team for the European version of the show, Jeux Sans Frontieres. When Arthur Ellis became the GB referee, Waring became the co-host of It's A Knockout alongside David Vine and later Stuart Hall, compering the 'Marathon' round, and commentating with those colleagues for the international version (where he handled the 'Fil Rouge') and co-hosting the annual international GB heat. From the 1979 series of Jeux Sans Frontieres, Stuart Hall was the lone commentator, but Waring still co-hosted the GB heat in each series until 1981. Unwell, he struggled badly in the 1981 edition and seemed lost for words throughout. He was replaced by Brian Cant for the 1982 GB heat, the last series in which GB participated.

He also made guest appearances in the TV comedy programmes The Morecambe and Wise Show and The Goodies.

Decline and retirement
The split in opinion regarding his contribution to the game, plus illness, led to a decline in Waring's popularity. A petition was organised by some hardcore supporters asking the BBC to remove him from commentary as he was perceived to be portraying a poor image of the game and its northern roots. The BBC stuck with him as their main commentator, though in the late 1970s they also brought in former Great Britain halfback Alex Murphy to work alongside him.

Illness affected him over the next few years, and in January 1981, Waring announced that he would be retiring from commentary at the end of the 1980–81 season. His last game as commentator was the 1981 Premiership final on 16 May 1981. After his retirement, former dual rugby international Ray French became the BBC's chief rugby league commentator.

Death
Waring's overall health declined very quickly after his retirement from the commentary box. He was diagnosed with dementia and was admitted into High Royds Hospital in Menston, West Yorkshire in late 1983. He died at the hospital on 28 October 1986. His funeral took place at St Giles Church in Bramhope.

Notes

References

 The Times – Sport section 2 March 2006
 Paul Fox: Waring, Edward Marsden [Eddie] Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; accessed 17 February 2008
 In search of Eddie Waring: the voice of rugby league who divided its fans The Yorkshire Post, 6 September 2010

Bibliography
 Eddie Waring on Rugby League by Eddie Waring ()
 Rugby League: The Great Ones by Eddie Waring ()

Further reading

External links

 Eddie Waring – the ups and unders BBC Inside Out Yorkshire & Lincolnshire, 7 March 2005
 Discovering the real Eddie Waring The Independent, 5 February 2008
 Biographies: Eddie Waring JFSnetUK

1910 births
1986 deaths
BBC sports presenters and reporters
Dewsbury Rams coaches
English rugby league coaches
English rugby league commentators
English sports broadcasters
English television presenters
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Sportspeople from Dewsbury
Deaths from dementia in England

Eddie Waring


Haçlı şu anlamlara gelebilir:

 Haçlı Seferleri
 Haçlı devletleri
 Haçlı Gölü
 Haçlı Yuhanna

Haçlı (anlam ayrımı)


An Thrixspermum williamsianum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Paul J. Kores, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Paul Ormerod. An Thrixspermum williamsianum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Thrixspermum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Fiji. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Thrixspermum

Thrixspermum williamsianum


Laugavegur 21 er friðað hús við Laugarveg í Reykjavík. Húsið var byggt árið 1884, Magnús Pálsson múrari lét byggja húsið en yfirsmiður við bygginguna var Ole Johan Haldorsen (Óli  norski) og bjó Óli og fjölskylda hans í húsinu fram yfir 1970.  Húsið var einlyft og byggt af bindingi sem var múrað í með múrsteini. Óli stækkaði og hækkaði húsið. Hann stundaði vagnasmíði. Hann lét gera brunn í kjallara hússins sem var notaður til að leskja í honum kalk. Þorlákur R. Haldorsson sonarsonur Óla opnaði listagallerí í húsinu árið 1964. Kaffi Hljómalind var í húsinu um tíma. Margs konar starfsemi hefur verið í húsinu.

Heimildir

 Laugavegur 21 (Minjastofnun)
 Veröld sem var, Vikan - 2. Tölublað (13.01.1977)
 Johanne Karoline Haldorsen minningarorð, Morgunblaðið - 145. tölublað (30.06.1960)
 Þorlákur R. Haldorsen listmálari minningarorð, Morgunblaðið - 134. tölublað (16.06.1989)
 Freyja Jónsdóttir, Laugavegur 21, Dagur - Tíminn Reykjavík - 64. tölublað - Íslendingaþættir
Freyja Jónsdóttir, Laugavegur 21 Morgunblaðið  (23.04.2002)
 Mynd af Laugaveg 21 (Kaffi Hljómalind) á Europeana.eu
Laugavegur

Laugavegur 21


Rogelio Wilfrido Delgado Casco (født 12. oktober 1959 i Asunción, Paraguay) er en paraguayansk tidligere fodboldspiller (forsvarer).

Karriere
Delgado spillede 53 kampe og scorede seks mål for Paraguays landshold. Han repræsenterede sit land ved VM 1986 i Mexico, og spillede alle paraguayanernes fire kampe i turneringen, hvor holdet blev slået ud i 1/8-finalen.

På klubplan spillede Delgado 11 år hos Asunción-storklubben Olimpia. Her var han med til at vinde en lang række titler, blandt andet hele syv paraguayanske mesterskaber, en Copa Libertadores-titel samt en udgave af Intercontinental Cup. Han havde også udlandsophold hos både Independiente i Argentina samt Universidad i Chile, og vandt mesterskaber med begge klubber.

Titler
Primera División de Paraguay
 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983 og 1985 med Olimpia

Copa Libertadores
 1979 med Olimpia

Copa Interamericana
 1979 med Olimpia

Intercontinental Cup
 1979 med Olimpia

Primera División de Argentina
 1989 med Independiente

Primera División de Chile
 1994 med Universidad

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Paraguay
Fodboldspillere fra Club Olimpia
Fodboldspillere fra Independiente
Fodboldspillere fra Club Universidad de Chile
Fodboldspillere fra Colo-Colo
Deltagere ved verdensmesterskabet i fodbold 1986

Rogelio Delgado


උතුර මුදාගැනීමේ මානුෂීය මෙහෙයුම

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
 නැගෙනහිර මුදාගැනීමේ මානුෂීය මෙහෙයුම

උතුර මුදාගැනීමේ මානුෂීය මෙහෙයුම


John Bell () a fost un politician, avocat, și  american. Unul din cei mai proeminenți politicieni  din Tennessee, el a servit în Camera Reprezentanților între 1827 și 1841, și în Senat între 1847 și 1859. A fost  pentru  (1834-1835), și pentru scurt timp a servit ca secretar de război în timpul administrației lui William Henry Harrison (1841). În 1860, a candidat la președinție din partea , un partid minor care avea o poziție neutră față de problema sclaviei.

Inițial, aliat al lui Andrew Jackson, Bell s-a întors împotriva lui Jackson pe la jumătatea anilor 1830 și s-a aliniat cu Partidul Whig, schimbare care i-a adus porecla de "Marele Apostat". S-a luptat constant cu aliații lui Jackson, și anume cu James K. Polk, pe teme cum ar fi  și . După moartea lui  în 1840, Bell a devenit un lider recunoscut al Whig-ilor din Tennessee.

Deși era stăpân de sclavi, Bell era unul dintre puținii politicienii din Sud care s-au opus extinderii sclaviei în anii 1850, și a militat energic împotriva secesiunii în anii dinaintea Războiului Civil American. În campania lui prezidențială din 1860, a susținut că secesiunea este inutilă din moment ce Constituția protejează sclavia, argument care a rezonat cu alegătorii din statele de frontieră, ceea ce l-a ajutat să obțină voturi electorale din Tennessee, Kentucky și Virginia. După bătălia de la Fort Sumter din aprilie 1861, Bell a abandonat cauza Uniunii și a sprijinit Confederația, dar s-a retras din viața politică după secesiunea statului Tennessee și a mai trăit doar până în 1869.

Note

Membri ai Senatului SUA din statul Tennessee
Secretari de război ai Statelor Unite ale Americii
Candidați prezidențiali americani din 1860
Membri ai Camerei Reprezentanților SUA din statul Tennessee
Membri ai Camerei Reprezentanților statului Tennessee
Politicieni americani din secolul al XIX-lea
Decese în 1869
Nașteri în 1796

John Bell (politician din Tennessee)


Maloljetnik je komedija ruskog književnika Denisa Fonvizina, uz komediju Brigadir njegovo najpoznatije djelo, čiji su citati postali osnova za brojne frazeologizme i izreke u ruskom jeziku i književnosti. Slijedeći klasicističku prosvjetiteljsku shemu, Fonvizin u djelu vrednuje vrline i poroke ruskog društva 18. stoljeća stavljajući težište na satirični prikaz društvenih problema poput neukosti i grubosti vlastele, povođenjem za stranim običajima, neprimjerenosti odgojnih načela, pa se i jezik komedija približava govornomu.

Ubrzo nakon što je 1783. postavljen na moskovskoj kazališnoj sceni, komedija doživljava veliki uspjeh. Zbog satiričnosti i kritike vlastele, Katarina Velika zabranila mu je daljnje objavljivanje književnih djela.

Izvori

Ruska književnost

Maloljetnik (komedija)


Roque Gastón Máspoli Arbelvide (12 October 1917 in Montevideo – 22 February 2004 in Montevideo) was a Uruguayan football player and coach. He was the goalkeeper for the Uruguay national team that won the 1950 World Cup.  He was also the head coach for the Uruguayan team that won the 1980 Mundialito.

Career
Born in Montevideo, into a Ticinese family originally from Caslano, Maspoli began playing in the youth ranks of Club Nacional de Football. He would make his Uruguayan Primera División debut with Liverpool de Montevideo in 1939.

After one season with Liverpool, he joined C.A. Peñarol. He would spend the rest of his playing career with Peñarol, winning six Primera titles with the club.

In the final match of the 1950 World Cup, known as the "Maracanazo" due to Uruguay's surprising win at the Maracanã stadium in Rio de Janeiro, in front of near 200,000 Brazilian fans, Máspoli allowed one goal as the visitors beat favorites Brazil 2–1.

Máspoli also coached Uruguayan club Peñarol, with which he won five national championships, the Copa Libertadores and the 1966 Intercontinental Cup, when the team beat Real Madrid 4–0 on aggregate. Later, he managed teams in Spain, Peru and Ecuador.

In the 1980s, Máspoli spent several years coaching the Uruguay national team. He took charge again in 1997, becoming the oldest ever manager of any national football team at the age of 80.

Roque Máspoli was hospitalized on 10 February 2004 with heart trouble. He died twelve days later at the age of 86. His remains are buried at Cementerio del Buceo, Montevideo.

Honours

As a player

Club
Nacional
 Primera División: 1933, 1934, 1939
 Torneo de Honor: 1935, 1938, 1939
 Torneo Competencia: 1934

Peñarol
 Primera División: 1944, 1945, 1949, 1951, 1953, 1954

International
Uruguay
 FIFA World Cup: 1950

Individual
FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 1950
 IFFHS Uruguayan Men's Dream Team (Team B)

As a manager

Club
Peñarol
 Primera División: 1964, 1965, 1967, 1985, 1986
 Intercontinental Cup: 1966
 Copa Libertadores: 1966

Defensor Lima
 Peruvian Primera División: 1973

Barcelona SC
 Serie A: 1987

International
Uruguay
 1980 Mundialito Gold medal: 1981

References

External links

Peñarol Football Club (English site)

1917 births
2004 deaths
Footballers from Montevideo
Men's association football goalkeepers
Uruguayan men's footballers
Uruguay men's international footballers
1950 FIFA World Cup players
1954 FIFA World Cup players
FIFA World Cup-winning players
Club Nacional de Football players
Liverpool F.C. (Montevideo) players
Peñarol players
Uruguayan football managers
Peñarol managers
Elche CF managers
1979 Copa América managers
Uruguay national football team managers
Sporting Cristal managers
Barcelona S.C. managers
Club Olimpia managers
Expatriate football managers in Ecuador
Expatriate football managers in Peru
Expatriate football managers in Spain
Ecuador national football team managers
Burials at Cementerio del Buceo, Montevideo
Uruguayan people of Swiss-Italian descent
1975 Copa América managers
Uruguayan expatriates in Spain
Danubio F.C. managers
C.D. El Nacional managers
River Plate Montevideo managers

Roque Máspoli


Abdelmalek Sellal (عبد الملك سلال) (født 1. august 1948) er en algerisk politiker for Algeriets Nationale Befrielsesfront. Sellal var Algeriets premierminister fra 3. september 2012 til 13. marts 2014. Den 28. april 2014 valgte præsident Abdelaziz Bouteflika at genudnævne ham som premierminister, en post han bestred frem til 25. maj 2017. I februar 2022 blev Abdelmalek Sellal indlagt på CHU Mustapha-Pacha i Algier for kontaminering med Omicron-varianten af covid-19 og havde helbredsproblemer relateret til sidstnævnte.

Algeriets premierministre
Politikere fra Algeriet

Abdelmalek Sellal


Chihuahua getur átt við um:
 Chihuahua, fylki í Mexíkó.
 Chihuahua-borg, höfuðborg samnefnds fylkis.
 Hundaafbrigðið Chihuahua.

Chihuahua


Onthophagus semivestitus é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Paulian em 1937.

Referências

Ligações externas

semivestitus
Coleópteros descritos em 1937

Onthophagus semivestitus


Vae victis () este o expresie latină care poate fi tradusă "vai de cei învinși". Aceasta înseamnă că cei învinși în luptă se află cu totul la mila cuceritorilor lor și nu trebuie să aștepte sau să ceară clemență.

Cele mai multe evenimente prezentate de istoricii antici cu privire la începutul istoriei romane sunt considerate legende, iar jefuirea Romei de către gali este unul dintre primele evenimente despre care oamenii de știință moderni sunt siguri că a avut loc, fără a accepta însă incidentele colorate menționate în tradiție. Conform tradiției, în anul 390 î.Hr., o armată de gali condusă de Brennus a atacat Roma, ocupând întregul oraș, cu excepția Capitoliului. Brennus a asediat dealul și în cele din urmă romanii au cerut să plătească răscumpărarea orașului. Brennus a cerut 1.000 de livre (329 kg) de aur și romanii au fost de acord cu condițiile lui. Potrivit vieții lui Camillus scrisă de Plutarh și lucrării Ab Urbe Condita a lui Tit Liviu (Cartea 5 Secțiunile 34-49), galii au furnizat balanța și greutățile care au fost utilizate pentru a măsura cantitatea de aur. Romanii au adus aurul, dar au susținut că greutățile erau măsluite în folosul galilor. Auzindu-i cum se plângeau, Brennus a luat sabia și a aruncat-o peste greutăți, exclamând: "Vae victis!" Romanii au trebuit, prin urmare, să aducă mai mult aur pentru a contrabalansa sabia. Tit Liviu și Plutarh susțin că Camillus a reușit ulterior să-i învingă pe gali înainte de plata răscumpărării, deși Polybius, Diodor din Sicilia și un pasaj ulterior al lui Tit Liviu contrazic acest lucru.

Referințe

390 î.Hr.
Justiție
Cuvinte și expresii în limba latină

Vae victis