Soccer mom is a term that broadly refers to an American, Canadian, or Australian, middle-class, suburban woman who spends a significant amount of her time transporting her school-age children to youth sporting events or other activities, whether or not they are soccer related. It came into widespread use during the 1996 United States presidential election and over time has come to take on an unfavorable connotation.

History

The phrase "soccer mom" generally refers to a married, American, middle-class woman who lives in the suburbs and has school-age children. She is sometimes portrayed in the media as busy or overburdened and driving a minivan or SUV. She is also described as putting the interests of her family, and most importantly her children, ahead of her own. The phrase derives from the literal, specific description of a mother who transports and watches her children play soccer. It was also used in names of organizations of mothers who raised money to support their children's soccer teams.

The first reference to the term "soccer mom" in the United States national media has been traced to 1982. In that year, the husband of the treasurer of the "Soccer Moms booster club" of Ludlow, Massachusetts, stole $3,150 raised for the benefit of a local soccer league ().

Indices of American magazines and newspapers show relatively little usage of the term until 1995, when, during an election for Denver city council, Susan B. Casey ran with the slogan: "A Soccer Mom for City Council." Casey, who held a Ph.D. and managed presidential election campaigns, used the slogan as a way of assuring voters they could trust her to be "just like them,"  denoting herself as "everyneighbor." The phrase addressed anxiety about women's achievements, and the stereotype that smart, accomplished women were not able to manage professional careers while showing love for their family. Casey won the election with 51 percent of the vote.

The term came into widespread use around the time of the 1996 Republican National Convention. Its first use in a news article about that election appeared in the July 21, 1996, edition of The Washington Post. E. J. Dionne, the article's author, quoted Alex Castellanos (at the time a senior media advisor to Bob Dole) as suggesting that Bill Clinton was targeting a voting demographic whom Castellanos called the "soccer mom". The soccer mom was described in the article as "the overburdened middle income working mother who ferries her kids from soccer practice to scouts to school." The article suggested that the term "soccer mom" was a creation of political consultants. Castellanos was later quoted in The Wall Street Journal as saying: "She's the key swing consumer in the marketplace, and the key swing voter who will decide the election."

Media interest in soccer moms picked up as the election approached. The number of articles on soccer moms in major newspapers increased from a combined total of 12 for the months of August and September to a total of 198 for October and November. The intense media focus stemmed in large part from the media's belief that soccer moms had become the most sought-after group of swing voters in the 1996 elections. In the end, suburban women favored Clinton by 53 to 39 percent, while suburban men voted for Dole.

During the election, the soccer mom's most frequently mentioned attribute cited in major newspaper articles was that she was a mother or a woman who had children. The soccer mom's next most frequently mentioned characteristics were that "she lives in the suburbs (41.2% of the articles); is a swing voter (30.8%); is busy, harried, stressed out, or overburdened (28.4%); works outside the home (24.6%); drives a minivan, (usually a Volvo) station wagon or sport utility vehicle (20.9%); is middle-class (17.1%); is married (13.7%); and is white (13.3%)."

Soccer moms received so much attention during the election that the American Dialect Society voted soccer mom Word of the Year for 1996. Columnist Ellen Goodman of The Boston Globe called 1996 "the Year of the Soccer Mom." The Associated Press named soccer moms, along with the Macarena, Bob Dole, and "Rules Girls" as four phenomena that would be forever associated with the year 1996.

Criticism
Soccer moms have been accused of forcing their children to participate in too many after-school activities, overparenting them in concerted cultivation rather than letting them enjoy their childhood. There have also been numerous unflattering stories about soccer moms going to extremes to help their children, such as cutting in line at restaurants or arguing with the referee.

In 2003, the car manufacturer Nissan, who had for several years courted the "soccer-mom" image, started marketing their Quest minivan as "stylish, sexy and desirable".

Related terms

Security moms
During the 2004 presidential campaign, pundits started talking about the security mom, which was deemed to be a powerful voting bloc. Security moms were supposed to be concerned primarily with issues such as the war in Iraq, domestic terrorism, and the security of their children.

There is evidence, however, that security moms did not exist in great enough numbers to influence the 2004 election outcome. Democratic women tended to be most interested in healthcare, which Democratic front runner John Kerry abandoned as a talking point, and may explain Kerry's difficulty in garnering their support.

Hockey mom
Hockey mom is a term widely used in Canada and northern United States (including Alaska), in which mothers often take their children to hockey rinks. The first article in The New York Times that used "hockey mom" as a demographic term was a 1999 review of the Chevrolet Silverado, a full-size pickup truck. In the article, the truck is described as a "smooth and gutsy" vehicle that "ought to please everyone from hockey mom to cattle hauler".

Former Alaska governor Sarah Palin, the US Republican vice-presidential candidate in 2008, described herself as a "hockey mom" as far back as her 2006 gubernatorial race. In her speech at the 2008 Republican National Convention and in stump speeches following the convention, she joked that the only difference between a hockey mom and a pit bull was lipstick, suggesting that hockey moms are tough. "Hockey partisans" on the Internet claim that hockey moms are "a bit more intense than their soccer counterparts, both in terms of the commitments they make to the sport and the intensity with which they cheer their kids."

See also

 Karen (slang)
 After-school activity
 Angry white man
 Concerted cultivation
 Helicopter parent
 Kyoiku mama
 Mama grizzly
 NASCAR dad
 Stage mother
 Tiger mom
 Will it play in Peoria?
 Worcester woman

References

Further reading

External links

 "Soccer Mom," Photographs by Dona Schwartz
 Soccer Mom Chair

Slang terms for women
Motherhood
Family
American phraseology
Political terminology of the United States
American political neologisms
Stereotypes of middle class women
Stereotypes of suburban people
Youth soccer in the United States
Stereotypes of white Americans
Stereotypes of white women
1982 neologisms
Socioeconomic stereotypes

Soccer mom


The Eisenhower Tunnel, officially the Eisenhower–Edwin C. Johnson Memorial Tunnel, is a dual-bore, four-lane vehicular tunnel in the western United States, approximately  west of Denver, Colorado. The tunnel carries Interstate 70 (I-70) under the Continental Divide in the Rocky Mountains. With a maximum elevation of  above sea level, it is one of the highest vehicular tunnels in the world. The tunnel is the longest mountain tunnel and highest point on the Interstate Highway System. Opened in 1973, the westbound bore is named after Dwight D. Eisenhower, the U.S. President for whom the Interstate system is also named. The eastbound bore was completed in 1979 and is named for Edwin C. Johnson, a governor and U.S. Senator who lobbied for an Interstate Highway to be built across Colorado.

Description

The Eisenhower Memorial Bore (westbound tunnel) is  long, while the Edwin C. Johnson Memorial Bore (eastbound tunnel) is  long. The tunnels are sloped with a 1.64% grade, with an elevation of  at the east portal and  at the west portal. At the time of dedication, they were the highest vehicular tunnels in the world.

While the Eisenhower Tunnel remains the highest vehicular tunnel in the US, higher tunnels have since been constructed elsewhere, such as the Fenghuoshan Tunnel, a rail tunnel in China. The Eisenhower tunnel is noted as the longest mountain tunnel and highest point on the Interstate Highway System. The tunnel bores measure . The portion accessible to the public is a rectangular shape measuring just over  tall. The upper portion of the tunnel is used for forced air ventilation and the space underneath the roadway is used for water transport.

Height restriction

Due to additional height restrictions from variable-message signs and lighting systems, the tunnels' original posted clearance was .  The trucking industry lobbied the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) to increase the vertical clearance. With a 2007 retrofit that used lower-profile lighting and signs, trucks under  in height can navigate the tunnel, an increase of  over the original limit.

Sensors activate audible sirens near each entrance of the tunnel if a vehicle above the posted height attempts to enter the tunnel. Traffic signals at that entrance will turn red, stopping all traffic. The entrance will remain closed until the vehicle is removed from the freeway, sometimes causing severe delays for all traffic. CDOT noted that prior to the retrofit, about 20,000 vehicles per year tripped the alarm. The trucking industry argued that many of these trucks were under the height requirement but tripped the alarm due to their air suspensions (which can be lowered during their journey through the tunnel) or due to snow and ice atop the trailer. During this time, the trucking industry estimated the number of alarms would drop by as much as 80% if the clearance could be raised even a few inches. Another feature of the retrofit monitors truck weight—a safe speed for each truck on the 7% grades and curves just outside the tunnel is calculated and displayed for each driver.

Alternate route

To mitigate the dangers posed by a fire inside the tunnel, trucks hauling hazardous materials are prohibited from using the tunnel. Prohibited trucks, cyclists, pedestrians, and those who wish to stop and view the scenery must take the longer and steeper climb and descent of the older U.S. Highway 6 across Loveland Pass,  higher at  above sea level.  Other than the above exceptions, the tunnel has replaced the pass for general vehicular traffic. While less formidable than the older route, the approach to the tunnel on both sides is steep, and runaway truck ramps are available for truckers who lose control.

During construction or winter storms that require closing Loveland Pass, there is a procedure in place to allow hazardous material trucks to use the tunnel. Once per hour, the tunnel bores will be closed to regular traffic, and the trucks will be guided through the tunnel in a convoy with escorts.

As of December 2009, almost 276 million vehicles had passed through the tunnel. This figure includes a significant number of visitors to Colorado's ski resorts.

History

The idea for a tunnel under Loveland Pass existed since at least the 1950s. William A.H. Loveland had an idea of a tunnel under the divide in 1867, but instead got the wagon road now known as Loveland Pass built.  Serious discussion began when the state of Colorado lobbied for the Interstate Highway System to route a transcontinental highway across Colorado. After a round of negotiations with Utah officials, it was decided the best option was to follow the US Route 6 corridor. Engineers recommended tunneling under the pass, rather than attempt to build a route across conforming to Interstate Highway standards.

The Eisenhower–Johnson Memorial Tunnel was known as the Straight Creek Tunnel during construction, named for the waterway that runs along the western approach to the tunnel. Before the tunnel was dedicated, it was renamed to honor Dwight D. Eisenhower and Edwin C. Johnson. The original Pioneer bore to access the two larger bores was "holed through" in late 1964, after fourteen months.  Construction on the first bore of the tunnel was started on March 15, 1968. Construction efforts suffered many setbacks and the project went well over time and budget. One of the biggest setbacks was the discovery of fault lines in the path of the tunnel that were not discovered during the pilot bores. The first construction contractor went bankrupt excavating rock in this fault zone.  These faults began to slip during construction and emergency measures had to be taken to protect the tunnels and workers from cave-ins and collapses. Despite the best efforts of engineers, three workers were killed boring the first tube and four in boring the second.

Further complicating construction, the boring machines could not work as fast as expected at such high elevations and so the productivity was significantly less than planned. The frustration prompted one engineer to comment, "We were going by the book, but the damned mountain couldn't read."  Though the project was supposed to take three years, the tunnel was not opened to traffic until a March 8, 1973, dedication ceremony by Governor John Love. Initially, the northern Eisenhower bore was used for two-way traffic, with one lane for each direction. The amount of traffic through the tunnel exceeded predictions, and efforts soon began to expedite construction on the southern bore. Construction began on the eastbound Edwin C. Johnson tunnel on August 18, 1975, and finished on December 21, 1979. The initial engineering cost estimate for the Eisenhower bore was $42 million, but the actual cost was $108 million (equivalent to $ million in ). Approximately 90% of the funds were paid by the federal government, with the state of Colorado paying the rest. At the time, it set a record for the most expensive federally aided project. The excavation cost for the Johnson bore was $102.8 million (equivalent to $ million in ). Not included in the figures is about $50 million in non-boring expenses during the construction of both tunnels.

Upon opening, it became the highest-elevation tunnel in the world, taking the title from the Salang Tunnel in Afghanistan.

The tunnel's construction highlighted issues relevant to the feminist movement. When Janet Bonnema applied for a position as an engineering technician with the Colorado Department of Transportation she was given an assignment on the Straight Creek Tunnels project. Her supervisor misread her resume and thought that he was hiring "James." When the supervisor discovered that the department had hired a woman, she was tasked with doing support work from the office. There was opposition to a woman entering the construction site. One supervisor stated that if she entered, "Those workers would flat walk out of that there tunnel and they'd never come back." The workers, most of whom had a mining background, expressed a common superstition that a woman brought bad luck to a mine. One worker insisted, "It's a jinx. I've seen too many die after a woman was in the tunnel." Bonnema sued the department for the right to work inside the tunnel. She countered she was in better shape and more agile than most of the men who were working on the tunnel. Emboldened by the passage of an equal rights law in Colorado, she finally entered the tunnel, with an entourage of reporters, on November 9, 1972. Some workers walked off the job, and at least one of them yelled, "Get those women out of here." She remained determined and re-entered the tunnel a few days later. The next time, she dressed in coveralls and was even assigned tasks on the roof of the tunnel overlooking the men below. Surprised that nobody had apparently noticed that she was a woman, she stated, "I had a good disguise." Bonnema continued to dress in coveralls during her subsequent work in the tunnel so as not to attract attention.

Plane crash during construction

On Friday, October 2, 1970, during the tunnel's construction, workers constructing the tunnel were among the first on scene of a plane crash that had occurred less than  northeast of the east portal. A Martin 4-0-4 charter aircraft, one of two carrying the college football team of Wichita State University, crashed just north of the highway (). Of the 40 passengers and crew on board, only nine survived. The team was on its way to a game with Utah State University in Logan and had recently refueled at Denver's Stapleton International Airport. The plane carrying the team's starters departed Denver and traveled a poorly planned scenic route. The other plane, carrying reserve players, followed the original route and landed safely in Logan.

Water diversion
Much like the Moffat Tunnel, while the Eisenhower Tunnel was primarily intended as a transportation tunnel, it also serves as a water tunnel for water diversion from the western side of the Continental Divide to the eastern side.  Water from the Straight Creek watershed (a tributary of the Blue River), along with all seepage entering the tunnel, is discharged into Clear Creek for delivery to the Coors Brewing Company.  Typically, the tunnel delivers over  of water per year.

See also
 Lists of tunnels
 Moffat Tunnel, the equivalent for rail traffic, opened in 1928
 Salang Tunnel, another among the highest vehicular tunnels at altitude of , in Afghanistan

References

External links

 Eisenhower Tunnel by Colorado Department of Transportation
 Eisenhower Tunnel traffic camera by Colorado Department of Transportation

1973 establishments in Colorado
Interstate 70
Road tunnels in the United States
Transportation buildings and structures in Clear Creek County, Colorado
Transportation buildings and structures in Summit County, Colorado
Tunnels completed in 1973
Tunnels completed in 1979
Tunnels in Colorado

Eisenhower Tunnel


Ingrid Noll (Ingrid Gullatz) (Shanghái, 29 de setembro de 1935) é uma escritora alemã de novelas policiais traduzidas em torno de um trinta de idiomas. É uma das autoras alemãs mais populares. Em português, a editora Presença publicou Confissões de uma farmacêutica em 2004.

Biografia
Filha de pai médico, cresceu e criou-se com seus três irmãos em Nanking, antes de se mudarem para a Alemanha em 1949. Na China, tinham sido educados em casa por seus pais.

Depois do Abitur (título de ensino secundário em seu país), estudou Filologia Alemã e História da Arte na Universidade de Bonn, mas não acabou os estudos.

Teve três filhos com seu ex-marido, o médico Peter Gullatz, e um deles é o compositor e produtor teatral Biber Gullatz. É também tia do ator Kai Noll.

Vários de seus romances têm sido adaptados para o cinema alemão.

Obra

 O galo está morto, (Hahn ist tot) (1991)
 A cabeça de meus parentes, (Die Häupter meiner Lieben) (1993)
 Der Schweinepascha. In 15 Bildern (1996)
 Confissões de uma Farmacêutica (Die Apothekerin) (1994)
 O amor nunca acaba, (Kalt ist der Abendhauch) (1996)
 Stich für Stich (1997)
 Der kleine Mord zwischendurch. 52 üble Kurzkrimis (1997)
 A rosa vermelha, (Röslein rot) (1998)
 Die Sekretärin (2000)
 Benditas Viúvas, (Selige Witwen) (2001)
 Maus Irmãos, (Rabenbrüder) (2003)
 Falsas línguas, (Falsche Zungen. Gesammelte Geschichten) (2004)
 Como uma dama, (Ladylike) (2006)
 Onde nada floresce, (Kuckuckskind) (2008)
 Fisherman's Friend (audiolibro) (2008)
 Palavra de honra, (Ehrenwort) (2010)
 Weihnachten mit Ingrid Noll (audiolibro) (2010)
 Pela borda, (Über Bord) (2012)
 Bens e cobiça, (Hab und Gier) (2014)
 À mesa, (Der Mittagstisch) (2015)
 Halali (2017)
 Goldschatz (2019)
 In Liebe dein Karl (2020)

Naturais de Xangai
Alemãs do século XX
Escritoras da Alemanha
Alunos da Universidade de Bonn
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)

Ingrid Noll


Symphony of Enchanted Lands drugi je studijski album talijanskog simfonijskog power metal sastava Rhapsody of Fire (tada poznatog samo kao Rhapsody). Album je 5. listopada 1998. godine objavila diskografska kuća Limb Music. Drugi je album iz sage Emerald Sword.

Popis pjesama
Sve pjesme je napisao Luca Turilli; svu skladbu skladali su Turilli i Alex Staropoli.

Osoblje
Rhapsody of Fire
Fabio Lione — vokali
Luca Turilli — gitara, zborski vokali
Alessandro Lotta — bas-gitara
Alex Staropoli — klavijature, zborski vokali
Daniele Carbonera — bubnjevi

Dodatni glazbenici
Miro — zborski vokali
Søren Leupold — flauta
Helmstedter Kammerchor — zbor
Ricardo Rizzo — zborski vokali
Ulrike Wildenhof — violina
Almut Schlicker — violina
Stefanie Holk — violina
Friedrike Bauer — violina
Constanze Backes — ženski glas u "Symphony of Enchanted Lands"
Sir Jay Lansford — narator
Erik Steenbock — udaraljke
Marie-Theres Strumpf — viola
Cosima Bergk — viola
Jan Larsen — viola
Manuel Staropoli — snimatelj, oboa, zbor
Matthias Brommann — glavna violina
Claas Harders — viola
Hagen Kuhr — čelo
André Neygenfind — kontrabas
Don Kosaken — ruski zbor
Thomas Rettke — vokali u zboru
Robert Hunecke-Rizzo — zborski vokali
Cinzia Hunecke Rizzo — zborski vokali
Sascha Paeth — akustična gitara, mandolina
Tatiana Bloch — zbor
Davide Calabrese — zbor
Michele Mayer — zbor
Giuliano Tarlon — zbor
Cristiano Adacher — zbor

Ostalo osoblje
R. Limb Schnoor — producent
Miro — producent, mastering, inženjer zvuka, miksanje
Sascha Paeth — producent, mastering, inženjer zvuka, miksanje
Eric Philippe — omot albuma
Karsten Koch — fotografije
Andreas Lamken — dirigent zbora

Izvori

Albumi iz 1998.
Talijanski glazbeni albumi

Symphony of Enchanted Lands


Alsergrund (), Viyana'nın 9. Merkez ilçesidir. İlçe ismini ortasından geçen Als adlı nehirden alır; eskiden buralarda üzüm tarlaları bulunuyordu. İlk yerleşim Orta Çağ'da oluşmaya başlamıştır. Daha sonraları etrafındaki küçük yerleşim bölgelerini de içine alacak şekilde büyümüştür.

İmparator I. Leopold 1963 yıllarında fakirlere hizmet vermek amacı ile büyük bir Grossarmenhaus-Düşkünler Evi'ni yaptırmıştır, daha sonraki senelerde İmparator II. Joseph'in yaptırdığı AKH - Üniversite Hastanesi ve Josephinum ile yapılaşmalar devam etmiştir.

Alsergrund 1850 yılında Viyana'ya 9. Merkez ilçe olarak bağlanmıştır.

Avusturya'nın en büyük üniversite hastanesi olan AKH sonradan yapılan değişikliklerle modern bir görünüme sahip olmuştur. Bu hastanenin çevresine yerleşen çeşitli kollarda uzmanlaşmış doktorlar zamanla Josefstadt ve buranın, Doktor Bölgesi diye adlandırılmasına neden olmuştur.

AKH'nın hemen yanında Kan Kanseri tedavisi ile ünlü St. Anna Çocuk Hastanesi bulunmaktadır.

Alsergrund'da ulaşım metro, tramvay, otobüs ve tren gibi her türlü toplu taşıma araçları ile sağlanmaktadır. Ayrıca Franz Josef Tren Garı eskiden olduğu gibi bugün de Viyana ile kuzeyde bulunan St.Pölten, Krems, Zwettl gibi şehirlere ve köylerine en önemli ulaşımı sağlamaktadır.

Ünlü Viyana Üniversitesi ayrıca Ticaret Üniversitesi ve Tıp Üniversitesi de buradadır.

Görülecek yerler
 AKH - Allgemeines Krankenhaus Wien, Avusturya'nın en büyük Üniversite Hastanesi
 Josephinum - Waehringer Strasse 25 numarada.
 Votiv Kilisesi - Tanrı'ya şükür için yapılmış bir kilise.
 Sigmund Freud Müzesi - Berggasse 19 numarada.
 Liechtenstein Sarayı ve Müzesi - Küçük ülkenin büyük müzesi.
 Volksoper - Halk Opera Binası
 Franz Schubert'in doğduğu ev Nussdorfer Strasse 54 numarada.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Alsergrund (Almanca)

Alsergrund


Răzvan Trif ()

Cariera
În anul 2010 acesta și-a început junioratul la Gaz Metan Mediaș, urmând să debuteze cu gol la echipa mare în anul 2017 în meciul împotriva echipei Concordia Chiajna. În 1 septembrie 2017, acesta a fost împrumutat pe o perioadă de un an la Luceafărul Oradea. Revenind la Mediaș în sezonul 2018-2019. În iarna anului 2022,  Gaz Metan Mediaș se afla în insolventa urmând sa intre în faliment. Răzvan Trif a ajuns la o înțelegere cu clubul mediesan și a semnat cu CS Mioveni. În iarna anului 2023, acesta a semnat cu FC Universitatea Cluj până la finalul sezonului 2022-2023.

Note

Nașteri în 1997
Fundași
Fotbaliști ai CS Gaz Metan Mediaș
Oameni în viață
Oameni din județul Alba
Fotbaliști români

Răzvan Trif


Itsukuşima Tapınağı (Japonca: 厳島神社): Japonya'da, Hiroşima prefektörlüğündeki Miyajima adasında yer alan 6. yüzyıldan kalma tapınak. Gelgite bağlı olarak, suyun üstünde yüzüyormuş gibi görünür. Tapınağın kapısının Adadaki Misen Dağı'ndan görünümü Japonya'daki en güzel üç manzaradan birisi olarak kabul edilir. 1996'dan bu yana Dünya Kültür Mirası Listesi'nde yer alır.

Tapınağın bulunduğu ada kutsal sayıldığı için eski devirlerde burada yerleşime izin verilmiyordu, günümüzde de adada ziraat yapılmaz ve ölüler adaya gömülmez. Tapınağın inşa edilmesi ile ona hizmet edecek  insanlar adaya yerleşmiş; sivil savaş yıllarında tapınakla bağlatısı olmayan aileler de adada yaşamaya başlamış ve tapınağın ziyaretçilerinin artması ile  ada turistik bir yer haline gelmiştir.

Bu kutsal adada inşa edilen tapınak, 56 ayrı yapıdan oluşur. 6. yüzyılda yapıldığı bilinen tapınağın varlığından bahseden ilk tarihi belge 811'de yazılmıştır. 12. yüzyılda siyasi güç elde eden savaşçı bir aile buradaki tapınak binalarını 1168 yılı civarında yenilemiş ve yenilerini ilave etmiştir. 13. yüzyıl ve 14. yüzyılda hasar gören binalar, 1572'de orijinaline sadık kalarak yenilenmiştir. Ana tapınak, 1572 yılında inşa edilmiştir. Tapınaklar köprülerle birbirine bağlanmıştır. Yapıların hepsi kırmızı renktedir, farklı tonlar; farklı dönemlerde yapılmalarından kaynaklanır. Tapınağın 16m yüksekliğindeki dört ayaklı ünlü kapısı 1875 yılında yapılmıştır. Kapı, gelgit ile sular yükseldiğinde suyun üstünde yüzüyormuş gibi görünür; sular alçaldığında ise çamurla kaplıdır ve yürüyerek ulaşılabilir.

Galeri

6. yüzyılda tamamlanan dinî yapılar
1160'larda mimarlık
16. yüzyılda tamamlanan dinî yapılar
Japonya'daki kapılar
Hiroşima prefektörlüğündeki yapılar
Japonya'daki Şinto tapınakları
Hiroşima prefektörlüğündeki görülecek yerler
Japonya'daki Dünya Mirasları
Japonya'nın ulusal hazineleri

Itsukuşima Tapınağı


Robert Alexander Hillingford (28. januar 1828 – 1904) var en engelsk maler. Han specialiserede sig i historiske malerier, ofte slagscener.

Biografi
Han blev født i London i 1828 og studerede på Kunstakademie Düsseldorf i fem år fra 1841. Han forbindes med Düsseldorf-skolen. Han rejste derfra til München, Rom, Firenze og Napoli, hvor han giftede sig og arbejdede i flere år. Han malede folkelivet i Italien. Et maleri fra denne periode med titlen The Last Evening of the Carnival blev udstillet i St. Petersborg i 1859. Han vendte tilbage til London i 1864, og udstillede første gang på Royal Academy i 1866. Det var på dette tidspunkt, at han begyndte at male historiske malerier, især af Napoleonskrigene. Han udstillede regelmæssigt på Royal Academy, British Institution og på andre gallerier. Selv om han var tiltrukket af kostumestykker som An incident in the early life of Louis XIV og During the wanderings of Charles Edward Stuart, malede han også samtidige militære scenerier, herunder hans maleri fra 1901 South Africa, 1901 - The Dawn of Peace.

Hans malerier kommer ofte på auktion og findes vidt omkring.

Billeder
 The Duchess of Richmond's Ball (1870'erne – Goodwood House)
 Yet Still a King (1888 – Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum)
 Hurry up the Guns: Wellington driving the French out of Spain and into France (Queen's Royal Lancers)
 The Escape of Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain with British troopers charging (Queen's Royal Lancers)
 Surrender: The capture of General Lefebre Desnouettes at the Ford of the Elsa at Benavente, 1809, by Pte. Luke Guisdall, 10th Hussars (Royal Hussars)
 The Duke of Marlborough saving the day at Ramillies (Queen's Royal Lancers)
 Ramillies, 23 May 1706: capture of the standards and kettledrums by the Queen's Regiment of Horse (Royal Dragoon Guards)
 The Defence of Hougoumont
 After Waterloo: The English Army halting upon what had been the French position... (1889 – Institute of Directors)
 Napoleon's peril at Brienne-le-Chateau (1891)
 The Morning of Waterloo (1896)

 Summoned to Waterloo: Brussels, dawn of June 16, 1815 (1898)
 Battle of Balaclava, Charge of the Light Brigade (1899)
 Sebastopol: the attack on the Redan (1899)
 Death of Sir Richard Granville, captain of the Revenge, on board the Spanish Flagship San Pablo after the Battle of Flores (1899 – Victoria Art Gallery, Bath)
 Charge of the Light Brigade (1899)
 The Scots Greys among the French Guns at Waterloo (1899 – Royal Scots Dragoon Guards)
 A critical moment at Quatre Bras (1900)
 The flight of the French through the town of Vittoria: Peninsular War (1900)
 South Africa, 1901: The Dawn of Peace. (1901)
 George II at Dettingen (1902)

Henvisninger

Kilder

 Robert Hillingford at military-prints.com

Yderligere læsning
 Harrington, Peter. (1993). British Artists and War: The Face of Battle in Paintings and Prints, 1700-1914. London: Greenhill.
 Roe, F. Gordon, "The Hillingford Sage", Connoisseur, Vol. 190, No. 763, September 1975, pp. 50–55.

Kunstnere fra England
Personer fra London

Robert Alexander Hillingford


පරිගණක ජාල සන්නිවේදනයේදී HTTP 404, 404 හමු නොවීය, 404, 404 දෝෂය, පිටුව හමු නොවීය හෝ ලිපිගොනුව හමු නොවීය යන දෝෂ පණිවිඩ හයිපර්ටෙක්ස්ට් සන්නිවේදන ප්‍රොටකෝලයෙහි (HTTP) සම්මත ප්‍රතිචාර කේතවේ. බ්‍රව්සරයට සාර්ථකව සේවාදායකය වෙත සන්නිවේදනය කිරීමට හැකි වූ නමුත් සේවාදායකයාට ඉල්ලූ දෙය සොයා ගැනීමට නොහැකි වීම පැවසීමට භාවිත කරයි. සේවාදායකයකුගෙන් ඉල්ලූ තොරතුරු හෙළි කිරීමට අකමැති වූ විට ද මෙම දෝෂය ඉදිරිපත් කරනු ඇත.

සාමාන්‍යයෙන් පරිශීලකයෙකු කැඩුණු හෝ මිය ගිය සම්බන්ධකයක් අනුගමනය කිරීමට උත්සාහ කරන විට වෙබ් අඩවි සැපයුම් සේවාදායකය විසින් මෙම 404 දෝෂ වෙබ් පිටුවක් උත්පාදනය කරයි; එම නිසා විශ්ව විසිරි වියමන තුල ඉතාමත් වැඩියෙන් දැකගත හැකි දෝෂය මෙය වේ.

මේවා ද බලන්න
 මරණයේ නිල් තිරය
 සම්බන්ධක කුණුවීම
 HTTP තත්ත්ව කේත ලයිස්තුව

මූලාශ්‍ර

HTTP 404


Enigmatski zabavnik: list za sve vrste zagonetaka bio je hrvatski zagonetački list iz Zagreba. Jedan od prvih hrvatskih enigmatskih listova. Prvi broj izašao je  godine. List je izlazio tjedno. Izdavač i glavni urednik bio je Vladimir Babić. ISSN je 2671-2334.

Izvori

Zagrebački tisak
Hrvatski enigmatski tjednici

Enigmatski zabavnik


Christen Hermansen (født 31. januar 1806 i Store Brøndum ved Aalborg, død 19. oktober 1882 i København) var en dansk orientalist og teolog.

Hermansen var søn af en husmand. Han blev cand. theol. 1830, erhvervede 1834 universitets guldmedalje, foretog 1839—41 en studierejse i udlandet, blev 1841 konstitueret som docent i semitisk-østerlandsk filologi, 1844 lektor, 1845 ekstraordinær professor. Hermansen gik 1848 over i det teologiske fakultet som ekstraordinær prof. med Gamle Testamentes teologi som hovedfag og blev 1850 ordentlig professor. 1845—51 holdt han samtidig forelæsninger i begge fakulteter. I 1878 modtog han den teologiske æresgrad fra universitetet i Leipzig. I 1882 tog han sin afsked.

Hermansen var en meget lærd mand, var grundig hjemme såvel i den semitiske sprogvidenskab som i teologiens forskellige grene. Hans teologiske standpunkt var strengt ortodokst, over for den bibelske kritik var han en udpræget repræsentant for den overleverede opfattelse. Universitetet og dets virksomhed omfattede han med stor kærlighed; hans foredrag var grundigt og klart; på de studerende øvede han en betydelig indflydelse, ikke blot i sit eget fag, men, navnlig gennem sine skriftlige øvelser, også i de andre teologiske discipliner. Ved testamente skænkede han betydelige legater til universitetet til fordel for enker efter universitetslærere samt for teologiske studerende.

Hermansens litterære hovedarbejde er den reviderede oversættelse af det Gamle Testamente, som autoriseredes 1871, og hvis vigtigste medarbejder han var. I øvrigt har han bearbejdet Ezekiel og Daniel til Kalkars bibelværk, udgivet oversættelser af Salmernes Bog (1862) og Esajas (1865) samt forfattet afhandling i to universitetsprogrammer: 1859 om det Curetonske syriske evangeliehåndskrift og 1874 (Hermansens rektoratsår) om integriteten af Jobs Bog.

Kilder

Eksterne henvsininger

Orientalister fra Danmark
Teologer fra Danmark
Bibelforskere
Faglitterære forfattere fra Danmark
Dansksprogede forfattere fra Danmark
Rektorer ved Københavns Universitet
Danskere i 1800-tallet
Modtagere af Københavns Universitets guldmedalje
Æresdoktorer
Kommandører af Dannebrog

Christen Hermansen


Treemonisha es una ópera en tres actos con música y libreto en inglés de Scott Joplin. Compuesta en 1910, no se estrenó hasta el 28 de enero de 1972 en el Atlanta Memorial Arts Center de Atlanta, Georgia.

Historia
Scott Joplin es conocido sobre todo como compositor de ragtime. La ópera abarca una amplia variedad de estilos musicales, además del ragtime, y Joplin no se refería a ella como tal, pero a veces sí que se la llama, de forma incorrecta "ópera ragtime". La música de Treemonisha incluye una obertura y un preludio, junto con varios recitativos, coros, piezas para conjunto pequeño, un ballet y unas pocas arias.

Esta ópera se representa muy poco en la actualidad; en las estadísticas de Operabase aparece con sólo 2 representaciones en el período 2005-2010, siendo la primera y única de Scott Joplin que aparece.

Personajes

Grabaciones
Hay una grabación del año 1975, con Gunther Schuller dirigiendo al coro y orquesta de la Grand Opera de Houston, con los siguientes intérpretes: Kenneth Hicks (Andy), Dwight Ransom (Cephus), Cora Johnson (Lucy), Dorceal Duckens (Luddud), Betty Allen (Monisha), Willard White (Ned), Raquel Pierotti (Parson), Curtis Rayam (Remus), Raymond Bazemore (Simon), Carmen Balthrop (Treemonisha) y Ben Harney (Zodzetrick). DG 2707 083 (2 LP); DG 435 709-2 (2 CD 90'02).

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Libreto
 Artículo sobre Joplin/Treemonisha de la Rice University
 Notas, discografía y libreto en Kareol

Óperas de Scott Joplin
Óperas en inglés
Óperas estrenadas en Estados Unidos
Óperas de 1910
Óperas de 1970
Canciones de Scott Joplin

Treemonisha


Folgend die Ergebnisse und Platzierungen bei den Commonwealth Games 1998 im Herreneinzel im Badminton.

Ergebnisse

1. Runde
  Mohd Salleh Huzaini –  Filivai Molia: 15-3, 15-8
  Neale Woodroffe –  Roy Paul jr.: 5-15, 17-14, 15-8
  Michael Adams –  Andre Stewart: 15-3, 15-12
  Robert Richards –  Burty Molia: 15-4, 15-1
  Denis Constantin –  Sheldon Caldeira: 15-10, 15-0
  Subhash Janaka de Silva –  Mark Leadbeater: 15-5, 15-8
  Daron Dasent –  Stanley Pitiri Mwangulu: 15-4, 15-3
  Leslie Dewart –  Sebastiao Chicuana: 15-0, 15-7
  Peter Knowles –  Emmanuel Kebairejang: 15-5, 15-3
  Kambar Amran –  Tebogo Ofentse: 15-1, 15-0
  John Leung –  Mohamed Sharath: 15-2, 15-5
  Junid Mohamad –  Anthony Arthur: 15-10, 15-4
  David Geddes –  Alexander Ayim: 15-9, 15-6
  Mubanga Kaite –  Harold Ndaba: 15-4, 15-5
  Darren Le Tissier –  Darron Charles: 15-9, 15-6

2. Runde
  Michael Watt –  Michael Adams: 15-7, 15-10
  Richard Vaughan –  Subhash Janaka de Silva: 15-0, 6-0
  Mike Beres –  Roger Ghee Lung Fong: 15-1, 15-0
  Geoffrey Bellingham –  Charles Mensah: 15-1, 15-2
  Awang Amran Kambar –  Stephan Beeharry: 15-7, 14-17, 15-10
  Peter Knowles –  Bruce Topping: 15-2, 15-3
  Charles William –  Anil Seepaul: 15-11, 15-6
  John Leung –  Édouard Clarisse: 15-5, 15-4
  Abhinn Shyam Gupta –  Denis Constantin: 15-9, 15-12
  Neale Woodroffe –  Ahmad Riyaz: 15-6, 15-3
  Bruce Flockhart –  Thushara Edirisinghe: 15-8, 15-13
  Manjula Fernando –  Darren Le Tissier: 6-15, 15-7, 15-5
  Bobby Milroy –  Nathan Malpass: 15-12, 16-17, 15-3
  Nick Hall –  Mamdhoon Rasheed: 15-3, 15-1
  Jim Mailer –  Robert Richards: 15-8, 15-13
  Mubanga Kaite –  Ryan Fong: 15-3, 15-4
  Bradley Graham –  Mohd Salleh Huzaini: 15-8, 15-9
  David Geddes –  Ermadena Haji Talip: 15-7, 15-9
  William Chater –  Geraint Lewis: w.o.
  Ong Rae Mun –  Johan Kleingeld: 15-12, 12-15, 15-2
  Wajid Ali Chaudhry –  Junid Mohamad: 9-11
  David Gilmour –  Stanley Pitiri Mwangulu: 15-12, 15-11

3. Runde
  Wong Choong Hann –  Michael Watt: 15-6, 15-9
  Richard Vaughan –  Mike Beres: 15-7, 15-6
  Mark Constable –
  Geoffrey Bellingham –  Awang Amran Kambar: 15-2, 15-2
  Pullela Gopichand –  Peter Knowles: 15-11, 15-13
  Mirza Ali Yar Beg –  Charles Williams: 15-6, 15-6
  John Leung -
  Stuart Brehaut -
  Yong Hock Kin –  Abhinn Shyam Gupta: 15-4, 15-4
  Geraint Lewis –  Neale Woodroffe: 15-4, 14-4
  Bruce Flockhart -
  Bobby Milroy -
  Darren Hall –  Manjula Fernando: 15-6, 15-5
  Nikhil Kanetkar –  Jim Mailer: 15-5, 15-4
  Nick Hall –  Wajid Ali Chaudhry: 15-3, 15-3
  Stuart Arthur –  Ong Rae Mun: 15-10, 15-10

Endrunde

Endstand

Weblinks
 Medaillengewinner der Commonwealth Games
 thecgf.com

Badminton
1998
Badminton 1998
Badmintonwettbewerb in Kuala Lumpur

Commonwealth Games 1998/Badminton (Herreneinzel)


Le solitreo (en hébreu ) est une forme cursive de l'alphabet hébreu. Il s'agit d'une écriture séfarade, différente de celle de l'hébreu manuscrit moderne actuel d'origine ashkénaze utilisé pour l'écriture de l'hébreu et du yiddish. Les deux formes diffèrent l'une de l'autre principalement en ce que solitreo utilise beaucoup plus de ligatures typographiques que l'écriture ashkénaze.

Historiquement, le solitreo a été utilisé comme forme manuscrite standard du judéo-español dans les Balkans et en Anatolie, en complément des caractères de l'écriture Rashi utilisée pour l'impression. Dans les communautés séfarades du Maghreb et du Levant, il en est fait usage dans les manuscrits hébraïques et judéo-arabes.

Alors que les formes balkanique et maghrébine-levantine sont toutes deux appelées solitreo, elles sont assez distinctes l'une de l'autre et les lecteurs familiers avec l'une des graphies peuvent éprouver des difficultés à lire l'autre.

Avec le déclin du judéo-espagnol lié à la disparition progressive des communautés sépharades méditerranéennes, les exemples de solitreo se sont raréfiés. La numérisation, en février 2012, des mémoires d'un marchand juif de la fin du XIXe siècle à Thessalonique, dans l'Empire ottoman par des universitaires de l'Université de Stanford a fourni une nouvelle ressource de qualité aux spécialistes du judéo-espagnol et du solitreo.

Comparaison avec l'écriture carrée

Références

Liens externes

 Un guide de la langue ladino
 LadinoType - Un système de translittération ladino pour Solitreo, Meruba et Rashi
 Documenter le judéo-espagnol

Langue judéo-espagnole
Système d'écriture

Solitreo


Afrika
 Aksumitisches Reich
 König: Ebana (ca. 415–ca. 450)

 Vandalen
 König: Geiserich (428–477)

Amerika
 Maya
 Palenque
 König: K'uk Balam' (397–435)
 Tikal
 König: Siyaj Chan K'awiil II. (411–458)

Asien
 China
 Kaiser: Song Wendi (424–452)
 Nördliche Wei-Dynastie: Tai Wu (424–452)
 Sechzehn Reiche:
 Nördliche Yan: Féng Hóng (430–436)
 Nördliche Liang: Juqu Mengxun (401–433)

 Iberien (Kartlien)
 König: Artschil I. (411–435)

 Indien
 Gupta-Reich
 König: Kumaragupta I. (415–455)
 Kadamba
 König: Kakutstha Varman (425–450)
 Pallava
 König: Skanda Varman III. (400–438)
 Vakataka
 König: Pravarasena II. (410–440)

 Japan
 Kaiser: Ingyō (411–453)

 Korea
 Baekje
 König: Biyu (427–454)
 Gaya
 König: Chwiheui (421–451)
 Goguryeo
 König: Jangsu (413–490)
 Silla
 König: Nulji (417–458)

 Sassanidenreich
 Schah (Großkönig): Bahram V. (421–438)

Europa
 Weströmisches Reich
 Kaiser: Valentinian III. (425–455)
 Konsul: Flavius Aëtius (432)

 Oströmisches Reich
 Kaiser: Theodosius II. (408–450)
 Konsul: Flavius Valerius (432)

 Reich der Burgunden
 König: Gundahar (406–436)

 Reich der Sueben
 König: Ermenrich (409–438)

 Salfranken
 König: Chlodio (ca. 428–ca. 450)

 Westgotenreich
 König: Theoderich I. (418–451)

Religiöse Führer
 Papst: Coelestin I. (422–432)
 Papst: Sixtus III. (432–440)

Liste der Staatsoberhäupter 432


Als Kaisermanöver wurde während der Zeit des Deutschen Kaiserreichs das bedeutendste und umfassendste Militärmanöver bezeichnet, das alljährlich in Gegenwart des Kaisers stattfand. Derartige Großübungen waren zu jener Zeit auch in anderen europäischen Ländern üblich, etwa dem Russischen Kaiserreich, dem Königreich Italien oder der Schweiz.

Bestandteile eines Kaisermanövers waren die Kaiserparaden der teilnehmenden Armeekorps, die Flottenparade, das Flottenmanöver und das mehrtägige Armeemanöver. Flottenparade und -manöver entfielen zumeist, wenn keines der teilnehmenden Korps einen Zugang zum Meer besaß. Die teilnehmenden Landstreitkräfte wurden hierbei zumeist von zwei der größten militärischen Gruppierungen, den Armeekorps des Deutschen Heeres, gebildet. Diese Manöver stellten für die Zeitgenossen im In- und Ausland eine Beurteilungsgrundlage über den Kampfwert der deutschen Armee dar. In gleicher Weise sollten sie die noch heute relevanten Fragen über die militärische Ausbildung klären, wie sie gleichzeitig Informationen für die politische Geschichtsschreibung bieten.

Geschichte
Obwohl die großen Übungen für die taktische Fortbildung ein nicht zu unterschätzendes Gewicht der innenpolitisch stabilisierenden Art gehabt hatten, waren die Kaisermanöver in den Vorkriegsjahren aufgrund ihrer öffentlichkeitswirksamen Funktion bevorzugter Gegenstand der öffentlichen Kritik.

Bis zum Regierungsantritt Wilhelms II. war eine gewisse Monotonie entstanden, als im regelmäßigen Turnus das V. und VI., das VII. und VIII. Armee-Korps gegeneinander manövrierten. Die Korps kamen so kaum aus ihrer eigenen Provinz heraus. Dennoch empfanden nicht nur die Zuschauer, sondern auch die mitwirkenden Soldaten das Pathos, das von dem Mechanismus der Streitkräfte ausging.

Danach manövrierten das X. gegen das VII. Korps, das VIII. und XI. gegen zwei bayerische Armee-Korps (1897), oder 1903 zwei preußische gegen zwei sächsische Korps.

Außenwirkung

Die 1890er Jahre
Die ausländische Kritik sah in den Manövern jener Zeit Prunkmanöver. Sie vernachlässigten das Erfordernis kriegsmäßiger Übungen und hatten vor allem der Kriegsspielerei des Kaisers zu genügen.

Taktisch unsinnige Bilder des Jahres 1897 fanden in den dichten Schützenentwicklungen des Jahres 1898 ihre Entsprechung, wo, ohne Rücksicht auf die feindliche Waffenentwicklung, Ellenbogen an Ellenbogen gestürmt wurde. 1899 wurde ein massives Armeekorps gegen ein Dorf angesetzt, wobei Wilhelm II. ein Kavalleriekorps gegen die Flanke der feindlichen Aufstellung führte.

Die französischen Beobachter sahen hierin eine Aufgipfelung der aus ihrer Sicht längst überholten Taktik des Massenvorstoßes.

Das neue Jahrhundert

Die begrenzte taktische Evolution wurde 1900 festgestellt. So wurde die Stoßtaktik zwar mit dem Zurücktreten der Kolonnenformationen abgeschwächt, die dichten Schützenlinien dominierten jedoch nach wie vor. Ansätze eines Zusammenwirkens zwischen Infanterie und Artillerie wurden erstmals registriert. Dies war jedoch keine Wende in der deutschen Taktik, da jede Andeutung einer Abkehr vom Massenvorstoß vergangener Tage durch eine Attacke des Kaisers an der Spitze von 59 Eskadronen der Kavallerie am 12. September 1900 zunichtegemacht wurde.

Diese Entwicklung verstärkte sich bis 1904. Zwar deutete die zunehmende Kriegsmäßigkeit und Beachtung technischer Entwicklungen auf die Fähigkeit zu Lernprozessen hin, das taktische Denken in der Praxis gelangte aber nicht über stereotype Wiederholung der Umfassung hinaus.

Der Buren- und der Russisch-Japanische Krieg bedingten Tendenzen der Entrümpelung der deutschen Vorschriften. Fortschritte hinsichtlich der Flexibilität und Anpassung an das Gefecht und das Gelände waren aber, aus Sicht der französischen Kritiker, bis 1906 nicht festzustellen.

Die deutsche Armee befand sich, was das Ausland spätestens im Jahre 1910 erkannte, am Ende des Jahrzehnts in einer Phase der taktischen Stagnation. Der britische Militärkorrespondent Howard Hensman setzte sich mit der Entwicklung der französischen und deutschen Armee auseinander. Für das Zurückfallen der deutschen hinter der französischen Armee machte er nach dem Kaisermanöver 1908 das unveränderte Festhalten an den Lehren Roons und Moltkes verantwortlich. Mit ihnen hatte man den Sieg im Deutsch-Französischen Krieg erfochten.

Der Unterschied zwischen der deutschen und französischen Militärdoktrin war unüberbrückbar. Der Versuch, französische Methoden zu übernehmen, scheiterte an den eng gezogenen Grenzen theoretischer Weiterentwicklung. Während Artillerie und Kavallerie sich um eine moderne Form bemühte, verblieb die Infanterie in traditionellen Formen und Methoden verhaftet.

Das Kaisermanöver 1911 – die Zäsur

Der Militärkorrespondent der Londoner Times, Oberst Charles à Court Repington, geißelte nach dem Kaisermanöver 1911 dessen Zustand. Er beschrieb den deutschen Infanteristen als machine-made, slow and lacking interest in his work. Während Europa weitergeschritten sei, sei die deutsche Armee veraltet und stehengeblieben. Gleichwohl lobte er die deutsche Doktrin, obwohl er ihr eine Differenz zwischen dem theoretischen Postulat und der Praxis im Kaisermanöver vorwarf. Es mangele ihr an Individualität und Frische. Seine harte Kritik verletzte das deutsche Selbstgefühl tief.

Ab dem Manöver 1912 sollte eine Veränderung festgestellt werden. Die Infanterie kämpfte geschmeidiger, die Kavallerie neuerdings, ohne die Attacke aus den Augen zu verlieren, zu Fuß und die Artillerie übernahm im Kampf französische Methoden. Die grundlegenden Begriffe von Feuer und Bewegung blieben ihnen allerdings nach wie vor verborgen. Ein überholtes und antiquiertes Salven- und Massenfeuer bestimmte immer noch die Feuertätigkeit. Als gravierend wurde die mangelnde Gefechtsaufklärung der Deutschen empfunden. Es handelte sich um einen Offensivdrang ohne Aufklärung.

Vorbereitung auf den Krieg
Die Fortschritte der Waffengattungen blieben begrenzt. Die Kavallerie hatte sich im Manöver, entsprechend der Theorien Frenchs, zur Heeresvorhut entwickelt. Sie kämpfte jetzt in enger Verbindung mit der Infanterie, worin sich allerdings auch schon die Evolution des deutschen operativ-taktischen Denkens erschöpfte. Deren Weiterentwicklung blieb durch die Doktrin der offensive à outrance auf Modifikationen beschränkt. Die Feuerleitung, ein zentrales Ausbildungsthema, genügte nicht den Anforderungen.

Im Herbst 1913 zeigte das Kaisermanöver aus Sicht der ausländischen Kritik kein grundsätzlich verändertes Bild. Die Truppenpraxis erschien decidely dull, although owing to no fault of their own. Den Führern des Korps wurde keine Initiative überlassen. Der englische General Callwell, der 1913 im Auftrag der Morning Post als Beobachter zu dem Kaisermanöver nach Schlesien entsandt war, charakterisierte die deutsche Taktik als einseitig von der Offensive bestimmt. Es war zu Bildern gekommen, die jeden Glauben an eine deutsche Evolution der Taktik seit 1900 ad absurdum führten. Zu seinen in der Morning Post erschienenen Artikeln erfuhr er, dass der Große Generalstab mit seiner Kritik zufrieden gewesen sei. Anders als die Artikel Repingtons zwei Jahre zuvor gaben seine Artikel keinen Anlass, das Zulassungsverbot englischer Berichterstatter zu den Kaisermanövern 1912 zu wiederholen.

Als am 13. September 1913 das Kaisermanöver mit dem Signal: Das Ganze Halt! beendet wurde, ahnte jedoch niemand, dass ziemlich genau ein Jahr später an der Marne der Unbesiegbarkeitsnimbus der deutschen Armee dahin sein sollte.

Innenwirkung
Die Kritik des Auslandes hatte ihre Entsprechungen sowohl in der deutschen Öffentlichkeit, als auch in der Wehrverwaltung, den Stäben und der Truppe. Die unter den Fachleuten des preußischen Kriegsministeriums und des großen Generalstabs in den Analysen der mit ihnen befassten Stabsstellen mehrfach diskutiert wurden.

Der Anachronismus der deutschen Taktik im Jahre 1895 fand Ausdruck während des Kaisermanövers. Geschlossene Abteilungen wurden vorgeführt, um den Sturm auf die feindlichen Stellungen auszulösen und anzukündigen. Das Schlagen der Tambours und die Signale "Seitengewehr auf", bzw. "rasch vorwärts" sollten geeignet sein, im modernen Gefecht den Sturmlauf ganzer Bataillone auszulösen. Selbst zu Beginn des Ersten Weltkriegs griffen Regimenter noch mit Schlagen des Tambours an. Obwohl man 1902 nach dem Burenkrieg zum gegenteiligen Ergebnis gekommen war, wurde an mindestens einem Bataillon mit klingendem Spiel festgehalten. An den festgefügten Traditionen der überkommenen Angriffstaktik war festzuhalten.

Dass der Kaiser an den theatralischen Bildern der Kaisermanöver nicht unschuldig war, beleuchtete 1903 im Reichstag der sozialdemokratische Abgeordnete Bebel. Vor allem der Masseneinsatz der Kavallerie wurde kritisiert: Wo kommt es in Wirklichkeit vor, dass z. B. die Vereinigung des Höchstkommandierenden auf der einen Seite als Führer eines Armeekorps und auf der anderen Seite zugleich als Kritiker in Frage kommt?

Die Kavallerie war zwar spätestens mit der Erfindung des schnellfeuernden Gewehrs überholt, doch noch 1913 spielten Kavallerie-Regimenter eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Bewilligung der großen Heeresvorlage.

Die Ursache für die ungehinderte Selbstdarstellung Wilhelms II. an der Spitze von Reitermassen war der begrenzte Einfluss des Generalstabschefs Schlieffen auf den Kaiser. Seine schwache Position bildete einen gewichtigen Grund für das Absinken der Kaisermanöver zu bloßen Schaustellungen. Zu Beginn des Jahres 1904 gab Wilhelm II. seiner Geringschätzung des Stabes dadurch Ausdruck, dass er Schlieffen zu veranlassen wünschte, dass er im Laufe des Frühjahrs friedlich aus seiner Stellung scheide.

Dass die Kaisermanöver kein Muster für die kriegsmäßige Darstellung der Gefechtslagen bildeten, lieferte das Schlussbild des Kaisermanövers aus dem Jahre 1902. Die bereits erwähnten Massenangriffe der Kavallerie unter Leitung des Kaisers veranlassten den Grafen Vitzthum zu der Feststellung: Leider sind ja die großen, theatralisch angelegten Reiterangriffe in den letzten Jahren ein Haupterfordernis der Kaisermanöver geworden!

Das Unbehagen angesichts der bestehenden Zustände erreichte im September 1904 seinen Höhepunkt. Des Kaisers Eingriffe in die Anlage und Durchführung des Kaisermanövers waren entscheidend. Er hatte im Verlaufe des Manövers einen Korpsbefehl für das IX. A. K. selbst geschrieben und so über den Kopf des Generalstabschefs und des Kommandierenden Generals (Friedrich von Bock und Polach) hinweg eingegriffen, setzte sich an die Spitze des Garde-Regiments und führte dieses mit entrollten Fahnen zum Angriff.

Jener Vorgang war derart prekär, dass der Chef des Militärkabinetts, Graf Huelsen-Haeseler, gegenüber dem Militärbevollmächtigten äußerte, er sei froh, "dass die fremdheerlichen Offiziere erst so spät gekommen seien und dies Alles zum Glück nicht gesehen hätten".

Dieser Entwicklung wurde mit Schlieffens Entlassung Anfang 1906 ein Ende gesetzt. Der neue Generalstabschef Moltke, er stellte einst die Vorteile der Burentaktik gegenüber der althergebrachten heraus, wandte sich von Anfang an gegen solche Erscheinungen und verlangte vom Kaiser künftig strikte Zurückhaltung während der Kaisermanöver.

Für Gebiete, in denen Kaisermanöver stattfanden, waren sie ökonomisch oft ein einträgliches Geschäft für lokale Händler und Gastronomen. Zudem profitierte auch die Infrastruktur der Städte, beispielsweise durch die Erneuerung von öffentlichen Anlagen wie Bahnhöfen oder der Renovierung von städtischen Gebäuden.

Ablauf des Kaisermanövers aus dem Jahre 1904

Kaiserparade IX. AK

Am Abend des 3. Septembers traf der von der Wildparkstation bei Potsdam kommende Hofzug mit dem Kaiserpaar auf dem Hauptbahnhof von Altona gegen 6 Uhr 30 ein. Nach dem Empfang durch die Spitzen der Militär- und Zivilbehörden wurde das Kaiserpaar zu der im Heuhafen liegenden Hohenzollern geleitet.

Am Abend des 4. Septembers fand im Kaiserhof eine Tafel für die Provinz in Gegenwart ihrer Majestäten statt. Unter den Gästen war u. a. der Oberpräsident der Provinz Schleswig-Holstein, Kurt von Wilmowsky, der in seiner Rede die Kaiserin darauf hinwies, dass sie sich nun auf heimischen Boden befände. In seiner Gegenrede dankte der Kaiser und gab zudem die Verlobung des Kronprinzen mit Cecilie von Mecklenburg-Schwerin bekannt.

Tags darauf fand die Parade statt. Der Kaiser begab sich der unter der Eskorte des Königs-Ulanen-Regiments (1. Hannoversches) Nr. 13 gefolgt von der Kaiserin, unter der des Kürassier-Regiments Königin (Pommersches) Nr. 2, über die Flottbeker Chaussee zum Exerzierplatz nach Lurup.

Bereits am morgen hatte die Fahnen-Kompanie, 2. Kompanie des Infanterie-Regiments "Herzog von Holstein" (Holsteinisches) Nr. 85 – der Kaiser gab dem Regiment am 27. Januar 1889 den endgültigen Namen und stellte den Bruder der Kaiserin, Herzog Ernst Günther zu Schleswig-Holstein, als Ausdruck der Anbindung an das preußische Heer nach außen à la suite des Regiments –, die vom Kaiser am 28. August im Zeughaus von Berlin geweihten Fahnen aus der Wohnung des Kommandierenden Generals, Friedrich von Bock und Polach, abgeholt. Die Musikkorps spielten, als Gruß an ihren eintreffenden Obersten Kriegsherrn den Präsentiermarsch. Auf Wink des Kaisers ließen die Brigade-Kommandeure die Gewehre präsentieren, worauf die neuen Fahnen ihren Truppenteilen übergeben wurden.

Der Zug der Leibgendarmerie eröffnete die Parade. Der Großherzog von Mecklenburg-Strelitz führte das 89er, die Kaiserin das 91er Regiment sowie ihre Kürassiere vor. Der Höhepunkt der Parade war erreicht, als der Kaiser selbst seine Ulanen und der Herzog von Oldenburg seine Dragoner vorführte. Die Fahnen sammelten sich nun an der Prinz Albrechtstraße, während die Generale, Regiments- und selbstständigen Bataillonskommandeure zur Kritik befohlen wurden. Nach deren Ende nahm der Kaiser an der Südseite des Rathauses den Vorbeimarsch der Fahnenkompanie ab. Von dort säumten über 35 Kriegervereine mit ihren Fahnen und Standarten den Weg des Kaiserpaares zurück zur Hohenzollern.

Am Abend fand im Festsaal des Kaiserhofs die Paradetafel statt. Als Höhepunkt dieser Veranstaltung, bei der die Bürgermeister der drei im Korps vertretenen Hansestädte (Carl Georg Barkhausen, Johann Georg Mönckeberg und Heinrich Klug) vom Kaiser erfuhren, dass die in deren Städten garsonierten Regimenter fortan die Namen Regiment Bremen, Regiment Hamburg und Regiment Lübeck führten.

Um Punkt 9 Uhr begann auf dem aus Anlass der Parade illuminierten Kaiserplatz vor dem Rathaus der Große Zapfenstreich. Je eine Kompanie der 76er (Hamburg) und 31er (Altona) stellten die Fackelträger die unter den Klängen des Yorckschen Marsches den von Osten her auf das Rathaus zukommenden Musikzug Spalier bildeten. Nach mehreren Märschen leitete ein Trommelwirbel gefolgt von acht Schlägen den Großen Zapfenstreich ein. Nach dem Zapfenstreich der Infanterie und der Kavallerie folgte das Gebet. Die Begleitmannschaften präsentierten ihr Gewehr zu den Klängen der Nationalhymne, bevor sie zur Zapfenstreichmelodie den Platz in Richtung des Bahnhofs verließen.

Nachdem das Kaiserpaar am 7. September der Nachbarstadt Hamburg einen Besuch abgestattet hatten, wo sie unter der Führung Albert Ballins die Räumlichkeiten der HAPAG besichtigten, verließ der Kaiser abends an Bord der SMY Hohenzollern Altona.

Flottenparade und -manöver

Nachdem der Kaiser auf der Hohenzollern die Flottenparade der vor Helgoland liegenden 22 Schiffe abgenommen hatte, verließ er die Hohenzollern und ging auf die Kaiser Wilhelm II., um dem Manöver beizuwohnen, das vor Cuxhaven an der Elbmündung stattfinden sollte.

Um 3 Uhr des nächsten Morgens war es dann soweit. Die Gefechtsidee war, dass der Feind (England) bereits vor Helgoland wäre und im Begriff sei anzugreifen. Das Manöver endete jedoch schneller als vorgesehen. Eine geplante Landung oder eine Einbeziehung Cuxhavens in den Konflikt wurde nicht ausgeführt. Da der gegnerische Flottenverband deutlichen Vorteil erlangte, erging vom Kaiser der Befehl zum Abbruch des Manövers.

In der anschließenden Kritik drückte der Kaiser allen seine Anerkennung für das Geleistete aus.

Die Hohenzollern fuhr nun, gefolgt von der gesamten Flotte, an Cuxhaven vorbei in den Kaiser-Wilhelm-Kanal nach Kiel.

Nach dem dortigen Paradeessen an Bord des Artillerieschulschiffs SMS Mars reiste der Kaiser per Sonderzug von Kiel ins Manövergelände nach Schwerin. Hier nahm er im Schweriner Schloss, die Kaiserin in Schloss Wiligrad Wohnung.

Kaisermanöver

Am Morgen des 12. stand das Gardekorps, verstärkt durch die Frankfurter Leibgrenadiere und den zu jener Zeit vom Sohn, Friedrich Heinrich, des Prinzen Albrecht kommandierten Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 2, in einer Linie von Wismar über Schwerin bis Ludwigslust, wogegen das IX., verstärkt durch das Husaren-Regiment Nr. 3 sowie die 37. Infanterie-Brigade und die 19. Feldartillerie-Brigade der 19. Division des X. A. K., sich in einer Linie von Grevesmühlen über Gadebusch nach Wittenburg befand.

Die Verstärkung des IX. sollte auf die Schiffe der in Travemünde weilenden Flotte verladen werden, um an den in den so genannten Großkampftagen des Manövers im Wohlenberger Wiek zu landen und das IX. von dort aus zu verstärken.

Vom 14. bis 16. fanden zwischen dem Garde- (rot) und IX. Armee-Korps (blau) die großen Feldmanöver, bei dem den Roten die Rolle des Feindes zugedacht war, statt.

Prinz Albrecht fungierte hierbei als Oberschiedsrichter.

Um 8 Uhr am Morgen des ersten Tages wurde das Manöver unterbrochen und der Kaiser übernahm die Führung des Gardekorps nahe Goddins. Der "Kampf" entwickelte sich um Bobitz herum. Wo sich unweit Bobitz' erkennbar an deren Fesselballon die Manöverleitung unter von Schlieffen befand. Gegen 11:15 Uhr wurde mit dem Signal: Das Ganze halt! das Ende des Kampfs, in dem das IX. A. K. hinter die Stepenitz "zurückgeworfen" worden war, bekanntgegeben.

Da der Kaiser Tags darauf das Korps wechselte, änderte sich auch das "Kriegsglück". Am dritten Tage war der Kaiser zum Manöverabschluss wieder beim Garde-Korps, welches nun wieder gewann.

Ein Manöverkorrespondent der Lübeckischen Anzeigen, der dessen Augenzeuge war, beobachtete folgendes: … Trotz dieses anscheinend siegreichen Ausganges für den linken Flügel der blauen Partei, wurde dennoch der Sieg der roten Partei zugesprochen. Es muß wohl die Schlacht auf dem linken Flügel und im Zentrum der roten Partei, auf dem sich der Kaiser befand, den Ausschlag gegeben haben.

Orte der Kaiserparaden
Da es zu Missverständlichkeiten kommen kann, sei hier darauf verwiesen, dass es sich bei diesen Kaiserparaden um solche in Zusammenhang mit einem Kaisermanöver handelt. Andere Verwendungen des Begriffes "Kaiserparade" sind möglich. In dem vom Altonaer Museum im Jahr 2000 publizierten Buch "Der Stuhlmannbrunnen" auf Seite 14 wird ein Bild, welches in Wikipedia unter dem Titel Altona Kaiserparade gespeichert ist, verwendet. Dieses wurde aber in Verbindung mit der Eröffnung des Altonaer Rathauses und nicht eines Kaisermanövers statt. Jenes fand in jenem Jahr zwischen dem VII. und X. Armee-Korps statt. Das IX. Armee-Korps, das seinen Sitz in Altona hatte, war an diesem nicht beteiligt.

 1861: Zieverich (VIII.) und ? (VII.)
 1868: Groß Rogahn
 1873: Hannover
 1875: Trier (VIII.) und Bunzelwitz (VI.)
 1876: Euskirchen (VIII.) und ? (VII.)
 1877: Stockum (VII.)
 1879: Straßburg (XV.)
 1881: Kronsberg
 1882: Breslau
 1884: Euskirchen (VIII.) und Wevelinghoven (VII.)
 1885: Ludwigsburg (XIII.)
 1889: Minden (VII.) und Kronsberg (X.)
 1890: Flensburg
 1893: Eurener (VIII.) und Lauterburg (XIV.)
 1894: Elbing
 1895: Stettin
 1896: Görlitz
 1897: zwischen Kärlich und Kettig (VIII.) und zwischen Nieder-Erlenbach und Biebelried (XI.)
 1898: Minden (VII.) und Kronsberg (X.)
 1899: Stuttgart und ? (XV.)
 1900: Stettin
 1901: Danzig
 1902: Posen
 1903: Zeithain
 1904: Altona
 1905: Coblenz (VIII.) und Homburg (XVIII.)
 1907: Münster (VII.) und Kronsberg (X.)
 1908: St. Avold (Manöver) (XV.)
 1909: Karlsruhe
 1910: Coblenz (VIII.) und Devauer Platz bei Königsberg i. Pr.
 1911: Altona
 1912: Sachsen
 1913: ?
Für das Jahr 1914 war ein großes Manöver im Rheinland und die Kaiserparade in Urmitz (VIII.) vorgesehen. Der Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges verhinderte dies.

Literatur
 Bernd F. Schulte: Die Kaisermanöver 1893 bis 1913. Evolution ohne Chance. In: Fried Esterbauer (Hrsg.): Von der freien Gemeinde zum föderalistischen Europa. Festschrift für Adolf Gasser zum 80. Geburtstag. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-428-05417-2, S. 243–260.
 Bernd F. Schulte: Die deutsche Armee, 1900–1914. Zwischen Beharren und Verändern. Droste, Düsseldorf 1977.

Weblinks

 Stadtwiki Karlsruhe: Kaisermanöver

Einzelnachweise

!
Militär (Deutsches Kaiserreich)
Württembergische Militärgeschichte
Bayerische Militärgeschichte
Sächsische Militärgeschichte
Allgemeine Truppenkunde
Militärparade
Schleswig-holsteinische Geschichte (20. Jahrhundert)
Lübecker Militärgeschichte
Bezirk Altona
Hamburger Militärgeschichte
Bremer Militärgeschichte

Kaisermanöver (Deutsches Kaiserreich)


An Gastrodia similis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jean Marie Bosser. An Gastrodia similis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Gastrodia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha R�union. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Gastrodia

Gastrodia similis


'''''''''' er en film instrueret af Henrik Capetillo.

Handling
Henrik Capetillo har i de seneste år udført en række små, næsten utilitaristiske videoværker, der i ganske enkle sætstykker beskriver og kommenterer kunstnerens arbejdsproces. I sammenhæng fungerer de som metasproglige udsagn om nutidskunstens udtryksformer, som her i »Smoke for Inspiration«, der med sit flygtige materiale giver et pulserende bud på skulpturbegrebet.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1996

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Smoke for inspiration


«ترن إت إنتو لوف»  أو «حوله إلى حب» هي أغنية للفنانة الأسترالية كايلي مينوغ. وقد أخذ من أول ألبوم لها وهو كايلي. أصدرت الأغنية المنفردة في ديسمبر 1988 في اليابان فقط، حيث بلغت المركز الأول في القوائم. والوجه الثاني كان أغنية جديدة بعنوان «ميد إن هيفن» والتي وضعت كوجه ثاني لأغاني أخرى «جي ني سي با بوركوا» و «إتس نو سيكرت» في الدول الأخرى.

هذه الأغنية سادس أغنية منفردة يتم إصدارها من ألبوم كايلي وهي من تأليف وإنتاج ستوك أيتكن واترمان. ويعتبرها الجمهور جوهرة مخفية، وأدت كايلي الأغنية (كجزء من ميدلي) في عروض مثل ون نايت لايك ذيس وشوغيرل هومكامينغ في عقد 2000، وكذلك حفل عيد ميلاد شركة مشروم ريكوردز الخامس والعشرين في ملبورن، أستراليا عام 1998.

تعتبر الأغنية أيضا من بين المفضلات لدى عشاق ستوك أيتكن واترمان، وظهرت أيضا في عام 2005 في المملكة المتحدة ضمن الألبوم التجميعي ستوك أيتكن واترمان غولد، وهي إحدى أغنيتين في الألبوم لم تصدر في المملكة المتحدة.

مراجع

أغان باللغة اليابانية
أغان كتبها مات إيتكن
أغان منفردة في 1988
أغان منفردة في 1989
أغاني 1988
أغاني كايلي مينوغ

ترن إت إنتو لوف


The Maestrale class is a class of frigates of the Italian Navy. The class is composed of eight vessels, all of which were built by Fincantieri S.p.A., Riva Trigoso, except for Grecale, which was built by Fincantieri S.p.A. – Muggiano, La Spezia.

The Maestrale-class frigates were primarily designed for anti-submarine warfare (ASW), however the ships are highly flexible so they are also capable of anti-air and anti-surface operations. Ships of this class have been widely used in various international missions, either under NATO or UN flag, and during normal operations of the Italian Navy.

The first of these ships entered in service in early 1982. The rest of the fleet was launched over the next three years. The ships of the Maestrale class will be replaced by the Bergamini class.

Design

These ships were built with the experience and the technology already developed for the previous . The Maestrales were quite bigger and heavier, so they were slower, but still capable of around . The ships have a large superstructure, with one large turret and only one funnel. There are two enclosed pyramid masts, one of which is quite low, the other much taller. The superstructure continues without interruption until the hangar, and is made, as usual, with light alloys.

The propulsion system is based on two gas-turbine GE-Avio LM-2500 and two diesel engines, in a combined diesel or gas configuration, that make use of diesel for cruising and turbines for high speed. The only problem with this configuration, which is highly economical, is to make the diesel engines powerful enough to achieve sufficient cruising speed without overloading them, or assist them with a continuous use (at low, uneconomical power) of the turbines. In this case, the solution, already developed for the Lupo-class ships, was successful. The ships have a maximum range of  at .

Armament
The Maestrale class ships are armed with an array of systems. Mounted on the foredeck is an Oto Melara 127 mm/54 gun, capable of shooting 40 rounds per minute. Despite its large size, it was possible to fit it in the relatively small hull, since the Lupo-class ships were fitted with the same weapon. It has 66 shells on three ready-fire carousels. It also had low reaction times and high elevation, with a  shells and  range.

The ships also carry the Albatross missile system, with an octuple cell capable of firing Sea Sparrow or Aspide missiles. This modern weapon contains a monopulse guide and a powerful rocket-engine, and advanced flight controls. The ships carry a supply of 24 missiles, and the system is reloaded by a Riva-Calzoni Automatic Handling System, which is capable of loading up to four missiles at once, making virtually all the missiles in the magazine ready to be launched.

After the turret there are two CIWS DARDO, with two 40 mm/L70 Bofors guns. They have very rapid mechanical systems, and depots with over 700 shells, and can fire around 600 rounds per minute. The proximity fuses and the fire control systems help this unmanned turret to react quickly to incoming missiles.

Also on deck are four Otomat anti-ship missiles, capable of striking a target  or more away, with a  warhead. They are fitted over the hangar, where there are two AB-212 helicopters ASW multi-role machines.

Finally, there are four torpedo-launchers, two triple ILAS-3 (similar to Mk 32)  tubes, with 12 torpedoes available (not known if they are shared also with helicopters), and the A.184, a wired torpedo with two launch tubes and six to eight torpedoes. This is the main weapon for ASW tasks, but it also be used as an anti-ship weapon, even though its propulsion system (electric) does not allow great speed and range. Compared to ASROC, this weapon has many advantages, and does not require a bulky launcher, but needs several minutes, even at , to reach , while ASROC can do this in much less time.

Electronic warfare outfit
These ships also have several electronic systems: one radar air and surface search RAN10S () is placed over the smaller tree, a radar of navigation and surface search SPN703 is fitted on the main tree, where a navigation radar is present as well, and finally, three radars: one RTN-10X for gun and Aspide control, and two smaller RTN-20X for the DARDO systems, all fitted in the forward superstructure, separated from the aft by the funnel and the heat dissipaters. As to submarine search, there is a VDS DE 1164 sonar, and DE1160B hull mounted. EW component is focused on Elettronica Spa MM/SLQ-746 () and two SCLAR rocket-launchers that are capable of launching chaff, flare, and HE rockets up to .

Several electronic and communication systems are fitted as well, and an Selex ES IPN20 command and control system is present to integrate all the tactical information and use the weapons on board.

Comparison of Maestrale and Lupo classes
The Lupo class entered in service in 1977. The Maestrale class is an upgraded version of its predecessor. Maestrale shares the same, extremely slim hull (with a length/width of 10:1) but this was enlarged to accommodate many more systems. The Lupos are  faster, and is equipped with eight OTOMAT. The Maestrales have much of Lupos equipment, but arranged differently. Endurance was increased with the Maestrale class from .

The Maestrales have half the OTOMATs of the Lupo class but twice as many torpedo launchers (with the introduction of the new heavy torpedoes), twice the helicopters, and twice the sonars, having also a VDS. This, coupled with heavy torpedoes and two helicopters, improved dramatically the ASW capabilities. The use of more modern equipment and an Albatross missile system improved in some aspects the air defense.

The Maestrale class has some shortcomings. The most prominent is the air-defense layout: while the Lupo class has the four weapons distributed across the entire hull length, Maestrales, because of the double hangar, lacked this ability, resulting in all of the weapons systems being placed on the foredeck and midships. This arrangement leaves dangerous blind spots in the ships' defenses.

After their entry in service, Maestrales were modernized with some minor programs. The equipment present on the Maestrale-class ships is almost equal to what it was in 1982, except for a pair of 20 mm guns installed as 'anti-fast vessels close defense', in 2005.

Export

Philippines

A delegation from the Philippines' Department of National Defense (DND) inspected ships of both the Maestrale and Soldati classes of frigates during their visit to Italy in February 2012 as possible candidates for the Deep Water Patrol Vessel project of the Philippine Navy. No indication of sales was made.

A press conference by the DND on 2 August 2012 included the announcement of ongoing negotiations with the Italian government to purchase two Maestrale frigates for PhP 11.7 (approx. $240 million) billion and are expected to be delivered within 2013 after refurbishing. On 22 September the Philippines' Congress approved a budget that includes funding for the two frigates. The negotiations for the Maestrale-class ships were concluded without agreement to sell and transfers the ships, with the Philippine government opting to buy new frigates instead.

On 4 July 2013, it was announced that the Philippines would acquire two new frigates. The cost of the acquisition would be $400 million for two new frigates, with the Philippines rejecting the Italian Navy's offer of refurbished Maestrale-class frigates.

Indonesia

On 10 June 2021, Ministry of Defense of Indonesia signed a contract with Fincantieri for acquisition of six FREMM frigates, two Maestrale-class frigates and other related logistical support. The two Maestrale class will be acquired and modernized by Fincantieri after the ships were retired from the Italian Navy.

Ships

See also
 List of naval ship classes in service

Footnotes

References
 Enciclopedy Armi da guerra, De Agostini, 1984, pp. 1414–1415
 Po, Enrico I radar navali di Alenia, RID 12/1997

External links

 Maestrale-class Anti-Submarine Frigates (ASW)

Ships built by Fincantieri
Ships built in Italy
Frigates of the Italian Navy
Frigate classes

Maestrale-class frigate


Le Portugal est l'un des quarante pays participants du Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2022, qui se déroule à Turin en Italie. Le pays est représenté par la chanteuse  MARO et sa chanson , sélectionnées via le Festival da Canção 2022. Le pays se classe  avec  lors de la finale.

Sélection
Le diffuseur portugais RTP a confirmé sa participation à l'Eurovision 2020 le .

Format
Le Festival da Canção 2022 est constitué de deux demi-finales, qui se déroulent les  et , et d'une finale, qui a lieu le .

10 artistes concourrent dans chaque demi-finale, et à l'issue de chacune, cinq d'entre eux se qualifient pour la finale. Le système de vote est identique à celui utilisé à l'Eurovision :  il s'agit d'un vote combinant pour moitié les votes d'un jury d'expert et pour l'autre moitié le télévote. Le jury, tout comme le public attribue 12 points à sa chanson favorite, 10 points pour la deuxième, puis de 8 à 1 points pour les suivantes. En cas d'égalité, le télévote prévaut.

Chansons et compositeurs
Vingt compositeurs sont d'abord désignés comme participants à la compétition, l'annonce ayant eu lieu le . Parmi ces compositeurs, seize sont invités par le diffuseur RTP et quatre sont sélectionnés via un appel à candidatures public.

Chacun composant une chanson, les chanteurs et chansons ont été révélés le .

Émissions

Demi-finales

Première demi-finale

Deuxième demi-finale

Finale

La finale se termine sur la victoire du groupe Maro avec la chanson Saudade, saudade, qui représenteront donc le Portugal à l'Eurovision 2022.

À l'Eurovision
Le Portugal participe à la première demi-finale, le . Il s'y classe  avec , se qualifiant donc pour la finale. Lors de celle-ci, elle termine à la  avec .

Notes et références

Portugal au Concours Eurovision de la chanson
Portugal
Concours Eurovision de la chanson

Portugal au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2022


The International 20:20 Club Championship was an international Twenty20 competition for club cricket teams. It was held once, hosted by Leicestershire County Cricket Club from 15 to 17 September 2005. It featured the winners of the domestic Twenty20 competitions from England, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, as well as the Leicestershire Foxes and the PCA Masters XI, a composition of current and past players of international cricket from around the world. The winners were awarded £25,000.

The competition was the first notable attempt at a competition featuring the top domestic Twenty20 teams from around the world. As Twenty20 cricket had onl been introduced in 2003, the scale of the competition was limited. Australia, New Zealand and the West Indies were not represented due to their lack of a domestic Twenty20 competition. The competition had limited television coverage and three of the nine games could not proceed due to bad weather. While this competition was only held once, the creation of an international Twenty20 club tournament was executed successfully with the Champions League Twenty20 in 2009.

කන්ඩායම්
 සමර්සට් සබ්‍රෙස්
 ලේක්ස්ටර්ෂයර් ෆොක්සස්
 චිලෝව් මේරියන්ස්
 ෆිසාලාබාද් වොල්වස්
 ටයිටන්ස්
 පීසීඒ මාස්ටර්ස් XI

සංචිත

ලෙක්ස්ටර්ශයර් ෆොක්සස්
 හෙන්රි අකර්මන් (c)
 පෝල් නික්සන් (wk)
 ජේම්ස් ඇලෙන්බි
 ස්ටුවට් බ්‍රෝඩ්
 ඔටිස්ගබ්සන්
 අෆ්ටාබ් හබිබ්
 ඩරන් මෑඩි
 ඩේවිඩ් මාස්ටර්ස්
 ජෝන් මොන්ඩර්ස්
 දිනේෂ් මොන්ගියා
 ජෝන් සඩ්ලර්
 ජෙරමි ස්නේප්
 චාර්ල් වොලිබි

චිලෝව් මේරියන්ස්
 හසන්ත ප්‍රනාන්දු (c)
 ඉශාන් මුටාලිෆ් (wk)
 චරිත් සිල්වෙස්ටර් (wk)
 මනෝජ් චානක
 කලිදු ප්‍රනාන්දු
 ජානක ගුණරත්න
 දිනූක හෙට්ටිආරච්චි
 ප්‍රනීත් ජයවර්ධන
 අරෝෂ ප්‍රනාන්දු
 ධම්මික පෙරේරා
 චින්ක පෙරේරා
 නිමේශ් පෙරේරා
 දිනුක් සුලක්‍ෂන
 මහේල උඩවත්ත
 ගයාන් විජේකෝන්
 ඔමේෂ් සිරිවර්ධන

ෆිසාලාබාද් වොල්වස්
 නවීඩ් ලටිෆ් (c)
 මොහොමඩ් සල්මාන් (wk)
 අබ්දුල් මෙනාන්
 අහමඩ් හයාට්
 අසිෆ් හුසේන්
 ෆයිසල් අෆ්රිඩි
 ඊජාස් අහමඩ් ජූනියර්
 ඉම්රාන් අලි
 ඉම්රාන් කලිඩ්
 කුරාම් ෂෙශාඩ්
 මොහොමඩ් හෆීස්
 මොහොමඩ් සලීම්
 සයිඩ් අජ්මාල්
 ස්මියුල්ලා කාන්
 ෂහිඩ් මුෆාසර්
 ථකීර් හුසේන්

ටයිටන්ස් ක්‍රිකට් කන්ඩායම
 ගෙරල්ඩ් ඩ්‍රොස් (c)
 ක්‍රේග් වැන් වයික් (wk)
 මෝසස් එරන්ස්ටෝම්
 ගුලාම් මුඩි
 පියෙරේ ද බ්‍රයන්
 ෆෆ් දු ප්ලේසිස්
 පෝල් හැරිස්
 ඒති මබ්ලස්
 ඇලිබි මොර්කල්
 මෝර්න් මොර්කල්
 ජෝහාන්ස් මයිබර්ග්
 ඇල්වෙරියෝ පීටර්සන්
 ඒරොන් පන්ගිසෝ
 බ්‍රෙන්ඩන් රේඩි
 ග්‍රේත් සීමෝර්

PCA මාස්ටර්ස් XI
 මාටින් බෝල් (c)
 පාතිව් පටෙල් (wk)
 පිල් ඩේෆ්‍රාටියස්
 රොහාන් ගවස්කාර්
 ක්‍රිස් ගේල්
 මාර්ක් හාඩින්ස්
 මාර්ටින් මැක්ගෝව්
 ජෝන් ලුවිස්
 නදීම් ෂහිඩ්
 ක්‍රිස් ස්කොෆීල්ඩ්
 රොබින් සිං
 ක්‍රේග් ස්පෙයාර්මන්
 ජවගාල් ශ්‍රීනාත්

සමර්සෙට් ප්‍රාන්ත ක්‍රිකට් කන්ඩායම
 ඉයන් බ්ලාක්වෙල් (c)
 කාර්ල් ගැසාර්ඩ් (wk)
 සෑම් ස්පර්වෙයි (wk)
 ඇන්ඩර්සන් කාඩික්
 වෙස්ලි ඩර්ස්ටන්
 ජෝන් ෆ්‍රැන්සිස්
 සිමන් ෆ්‍රැන්සිස්
 ජේම්ස් හිල්ඩ්රෙත්
 කේත් පර්සන්ස්
 අරුල් සුපියා
 මැතිව් වුඩ්
 රිචඩ් වුඩ්මන්

අවසන් මහා තරගය

ආශ්‍රිත

ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රිකට් සමාජ විස්සයි20 තරගාවලිය


Krštenje Kristovo je slavna slika Piera della Francesce iz oko 1448. – 50. godine.

Sliku je oko 1440. godine naručio samostan Camaldolese iz Toskane, što znači da je Piero della Francesca ovu sliku naslikao u ranim godinama svoje karijere kada su na njega snažni utjecaj ostavljali svijetli tonovi na slikama njegovog učitelja Dominica Veneziana. Sliku je 1858. godine zamijetio izaslanik kraljice Viktorije, sir Charles Lock Eastlake, ali ju nije kupio jer je bila jako oštećena. Kupio ju je nekoliko mjeseci kasnije Englez Matteo Uzielli za industrijsku željeznicu, a nakon njegove smrti 1861. godine sir Eastlake se predomislio i kupio ju za Nacionalnu galeriju u Londonu, gdje se i danas nalazi. Nakon što je restaurirana i izložena pobudila je međunarodno zanimanje za Piera della Francesca.

Odlike

Slika prikazuje Krštenje Isusovo kojega izvodi sv. Ivan Krstitelj i bijelog goluba koji se nalazi iznad Kristove glave, predstavljajući Duha Svetoga. Krist, Ivanova ruka, golub i zdjela predstavljaju os koja ovu sliku dijeli na dva simetrična dijela. Na desnom dijelu slike, iza sv. Ivana, nalazi se čovjek koji skida gornji dio svoje odjeće dok se nogama nalazi u plitkoj vodi. S druge strane, na lijevom dijelu slike, nalaze se tri anđela, različito odjevena, koja predstavljaju odstupanje od tradicionalne ikonografije jer ne čuvaju Kristovu odjeću već se drže za ruke. Ovo držanje za ruke možda predstavlja aluziju na Firentinski koncil (1431. – 45.), čiji je cilj bio ponovno ujedinjenje Istočne i Zapadne Crkve. Takav simbolizam podržavaju i osobe naslikane iza poluakta desno, koje su odjevene u istočnjačku odjeću.

Drugu podjelu slike čini drvo na lijevoj strani koja sliku dijeli prema zlatnom rezu. Naime, Piero della Francesca je bio slavan kao autoritet u prikazivanju perspektive i uporabi geometrije, pa se tako na slici javlja mnogo istostraničnih trokuta (npr. položaj nogu sv. Ivana Krstitelja).

Izvori

Renesansne slike
Ikonografija Isusa
Slike iz 15. stoljeća
Kolekcija Nacionalne galerije u Londonu

Krštenje Kristovo (Piero della Francesca)


هاجر حمدي (1924 - 17 نوفمبر 2008)، ممثلة وراقصة مصرية.

عن حياتها
من مواليد طنطا، وتعتبر أحد أبرز نجمات الإغراء في تاريخ السينما المصرية.وهي ممثلة وراقصة لمعت في سينما الاربعينيات. تزوجت من الفنان كمال الشناوى، وأنجبت هذه الزيجة ابنهما المخرج محمد الشناوى اعتزلت التمثيل في أوائل الخمسينيات، ثم عادت اليه وابتعدت لتعمل في أعمال حرة لتربية ابنها، وقد شاركت في العديد من الأعمال السينمائية في زمن ازدهار السينما في الأربعينيات والخمسينيات فقدمت أدوار الراقصة عادة خاصة وأن هذه هي مهنتها الأصلية ومن أفلامها (بنات الريف، وكيد النساء، وعروسة البحر) وكانت بطلة في فيلمين (على قد لحافك) عام 1949 وفيلم (المعلم بلبل) مع كمال الشناوى.

أعمالها

الأفلام
 1942: على مسرح الحياة
 1943: بنت الشيخ
 1944: شارع محمد على
 1944: سيف الجلاد
 1945: قبلة في لبنان
 1945: عنتر وعبلة
 1945: سفير جهنم
 1945: حسن وحسن
 1945: بنات الريف
 1945: الفنان العظيم
 1945: أحلام الحب
 1946: عودة طاقية الإخفاء
 1946: رجل المستقبل
 1946: أول نظرة
 1946: المغنى المجهول
 1946: الماضي المجهول
 1946: إكسبريس الحب
 1947: غني حرب
 1947: غدر وعذاب
 1947: عروسة البحر
 1947: صباح الخير
 1947: حمامة السلام
 1947: الهانم
 1947: الكل يغنى
 1947: أبو حلموس
 1948: شمشون الجبار
 1948: الصيت ولا الغنى
 1948: الشاطر حسن
 1948: البوسطجي
 1949: على أد لحافك
 1949: جواهر
 1949: بنت المعلم
 1949: بنت العمدة
 1950: كيد النساء
 1950: سيبوني أغني
 1950: أنا وأنت
 1950: الآنسة ماما
 1951: عروس لبنان
 1951: شباك حبيبي
 1951: خبر أبيض
 1951: المعلم بلبل
 1953: عفريت عم عبده
 1953: حب في الظلام
 1953: تاجر الفضائح
 1953: بيت الطاعة
 1954: لمين هواك
 1959: عريس مراتي
 1990: حلاوة الروح
 1991: الغشيم
 1991: الصفقة
 1994: درب العوالم
 1995: دماء بعد منتصف الليل
 1996: بهوات آخر زمن

المسلسلات
 1995: الزواج على طريقتي
 1996: حواء والتفاحة

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص من طنطا
راقصات مصريات
ممثلات أفلام مصريات
ممثلات تلفزيون مصريات
ممثلات مصريات في القرن 20
مواليد 1924
مواليد في طنطا
وفيات 1429 هـ
وفيات 2008
وفيات بعمر 84

هاجر حمدي


Lars Ulrich (d. 26 Aralık 1963), Danimarkalı müzisyen, besteci ve müzik prodüktörü. Amerikalı heavy metal grubu Metallica'nın kurucularından biri ve bateristi olarak tanınır. Gentofte, Danimarka doğumludur. Orta hâlli bir ailenin çocuğu olarak dünyaya gelmiştir. Küçük yaşlarında tenis oynamaya başlamıştır. 1980 yılında, Lars 16 yaşındayken tenis kariyerini ilerletmesi için Los Angeles, ABD'ye taşınmışlardır. Fakat Los Angeles'a ilk adım attığı günden itibaren Lars, müziğin kaderi olduğunu anlamış ve tenis oynamaktansa bateriye olan ilgisini keşfedip müziğe yoğunlaşmaya başlamıştır. Los Angeles gazetesi The Recycler'a ilan vererek James Hetfield'la tanışmıştır ve Metallica'yı kurmuşlardır.

Hayatı
Lars, 26 Aralık 1963'te ünlü tenis oyuncusu Torben Ulrich'in oğlu olarak dünyaya gelmiştir. Ünlü saksofonist Dexter Gordon aynı zamanda Lars'ın vaftiz babasıdır. 1973 Şubat'ında Torben, tenis turnuvalarının da gerçekleştiği Kopenhag stadyumunda gerçekleşecek olan efsane Hard Rock grubu Deep Purple'ın konserine 5 arkadaşı için 5 bilet almıştı. Arkadaşlarından birinin konsere gelemeyeceği kesinleştiğinde, bilet 9 yaşındaki Lars'a geçmişti. Genç Ulrich, konserden olağanüstü biçimde etkilenmiş ve ertesi gün grubun Fireball albümünü satın almıştır. Grup ve albüm Lars'ı hard rock ve daha sonrasında da heavy metal dünyasının içine sürükleyen etkenlerden başlıcaları olmuşlardır. Müziğe olan ilgisinin sonucu olarak, 12 yaşındayken babaannesi tarafından kendisine Ludwig marka ilk bateri seti verilmiştir. 1980 yılında aile Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ne taşınmıştır.

1981 yılında Lars, İngiliz heavy metal grubu Diamond Head'i keşfetti. Grubun ilk albümü olan 1980 tarihli Lightning to the Nations albümünü satın aldıktan sonra grubun müzikal stilinden etkilenmeye başladı. Grubun Woolwich sahnesindeki gösterisini izlemek için San Francisco'dan Londra'ya seyahat etti. Fakat Lars bu seyahati tam anlamıyla planlamamıştı. Bu yüzden konser sona erdiğinde gidecek hiçbir yeri yoktu. Bunun üzerine grubun kulisine girip grupla tanışmayı başararak konserlerine gelmek için çektiği güçlükleri anlattı. Grup Lars'a ısınmıştı. Bu yüzden gitarist Brian Tatler, kendisiyle Birmingham'da kalmasına izin verdi. Ulrich bundan sonraki üç haftayı grupla turlayarak geçirdi. Ulrich hâlâ grubun ayak fanıdır ve grubun The Best of Diamond Head albümünü mikslemiştir. Amerika'ya dönüşünün ardından, Ulrich kendisiyle bir grup kurmak isteyen müzisyenler bulmak için yerel bir gazete olan The Recycler'a bir ilan verdi. James Hetfield ilana cevap verdi ve Metallica kuruldu.

Kariyeri
Downey, Kaliforniya'da James Hetfield ile tanıştığı yıl olan 1981'de thrash metal grubu Metallica'yı kurdu. Lars, grubun ismini hazırlayacağı fanzin için isim arayan arkadaşı Ron Quintana'dan almıştır. Metal Mania ve Metallica seçenekleri arasında kalan Quintana'yı fanzinin ismini Metal Mania yapmaya ikna eden Ulrich, Metallica ismini kendisi kullanmıştır. Ulrich hızlı ve sert thrash ritimlerinde bir öncü olması ile ünlenmiştir. Bunun en belirgin örnekleri Kill'em All albümünden Metal Militia, Ride the Lightning albümünden Fight Fire With Fire, Master of Puppets albümünden Battery ve Damage Inc., ve ...And Justice for All albümünden One isimli şarkılarda duyulabilir. Bateri teknikleri ile olduğu kadar grubunun popülaritesi ile de en ilham verici bateristlerden biri olmuştur. En bilindik teknikleri arasında One şarkısında kullandığı double bass tekniği ve Enter Sandman şarkısının başında sergilediği akıllıca tom kombinasyonları gösterilebilir. Metallica albümünden sonra Lars, tekniğini daha odaklı kesin hâle getirmek adına 9 parçalı bateri setini 7 parçaya çekmiştir.

Ulrich'in sesi birkaç Metallica parçasında duyulabilir. Bunların arasında Hero of the Day, Battery, The Memory Remains, Enter Sandman, Unforgiven II, Frantic ve Purify bulunur. Ulrich'in sesi aynı zamanda Leper Messiah şarkısının başında ve St.Anger şarkısının video klibinde de duyulabilir. Klibin başında Ulrich, Danca 4'e kadar saymaktadır.

Ulrich, 2009 yapımı Hollywood filmi Get Him to the Greek'te Jackie Q karakterinin partneri olarak rol almakla beraber, 28 Mayıs 2012'de vizyona giren Hemingway&Gellhorn filminde de rol almıştır.

2012 yılında, Ulrich "Mission To Lars" belgeselinin odağı olmuştur. Kate ve Will Spicer imzalı belgesel, Frajil X sendromu hastası olan ve Devon, İngiltere'de bir bakım merkezinde kalan kardeşleri Tom'un, Metallica'nın 2009 yılında Kaliforniya'da verdiği konserlerden birinde Lars ile tanışma çabalarını belgelemektedir.

Ulrich aynı zamanda That Metal Show adlı televizyon programının seçtiği en iyi 5 metal bateristi sıralamasında 5. sırada yer almıştır.

Napster olayları
2000 yılının Nisan ayında Ulrich, müzik dosyalarını ücretsiz yaymak ve indirmek amaçlı internet sitesi Napster'a telif hakları ve izinsiz kullanım suçlarını öne sürerek dava açmıştır. Temmuz ayında da Senato Adalet Komitesi'ne Metallica'nın bütün şarkıları ile beraber henüz yayınlanmamış olan I Dissapear isimli şarkının da bulunduğu bir listenin Napster üzerinden illegal yollarla ücretsiz olarak indirildiği ile ilgili ifade vermiştir. Dava mahkeme dışına sevk edilmiş ve bunun üzerine 300.000'i aşkın Napster kullanıcısı servisten men edilmiştir. Bu olaydan sonra Lars, LAUNCHcast'e verdiği röportajda bu olay hakkında birtakım pişmanlıklar duyduğunu şöyle dile getirmiştir:

"Keşke biraz daha... bilirsiniz kendimi bu olaylar yüzünden pusuya düşmüş gibi hissettim. Çünkü bu işe giriştiğimizde nasıl bir şeyin içinde olduğumuzun farkında değildik. Son aylarda ülkede fenomen hâline gelen ve köklenmeye başlayan şey hakkında pek fazla bilgim yoktu. Biz sadece Metallica ile ilgili her şeyi kontrol etme çabası içine saplanmıştık. Böylece savunmasız yakalandık ve daha önce kör şekilde üzerinden atladığımız şeylerden birine biraz daha sert bir biçimde tosladık. Fakat ben yine de atlayabildiğimiz için gururluyum. Ben birçok defa çarptım. Ve bu gerçekten zordu..."

Stili
Ulrich'in stili kariyeri boyunca değişikliklere uğramıştır. 1980'li yıllar boyunca sert, hızlı ve karmaşık ritimleriyle tanınmıştır. Heavy metal bateristleri arasında popüler hâle gelmiş olan double bass tekniğini sıklıkla kullanmıştır. Temiz ve hızlı double bass partisyonları ve sert davul alanları pek çok Metallica şarkısında hissedilebilir. James Hetfield'ın ritim gitarıyla uyumlu partisyonlar yazmaktadır. 1990-2000 yılları arasında Metallica'nın müzikal stili değiştikçe Lars'ın stili de değişimlere uğramıştır. Bu değişim Metallica albümü ile başlayıp St.Anger ile sona ermiştir. Metallica'nın dokuzuncu stüdyo albümü olan Death Magnetic'te 1980'li yıllarda kullandığı kompleks ve hızlı ritimlere geri dönmüştür. Aynı zamanda diğer heavy metal bateristleri Ian Paice ve Bill Ward'ı da stilini etkileyen isimler olarak belirtmiştir.

Kişisel hayatı
Ulrich iki kere evlenmiştir. İlk evliliği tur esnasında tanıştığı bir kadın olan Debbie Jones ile 1988 yılında gerçekleşmiştir. Fakat 1990 yılında The Black Album kayıtları sırasında Ulrich'in yoğunluğu sebebiyle boşanmışlardır. İkinci evliliği ise 1997-2004 yılları arasında bir acil tıp doktoru olan Skylar Satenstein ile gerçekleşmiştir. Myles ve Layne adında iki çocukları olmuştur. Myles babasının izinden gidip bateriye ilgi duymaya başlamıştır. My Missing Half adlı grupta çalmaktadır.

Ulrich 2004 yılının ortalarında Danimarkalı aktris Connie Nielsen ile çıkmaya başlamıştır. Çiftin, Lars'ın Skylar ile boşanmasından sonra San Francisco'da 21 Mayıs 2007'de Bryce isimli bir çocukları olmuştur. Nielsen'in aynı zamanda 1991 doğumlu Sebastian adında bir diğer oğlu daha vardır. Ulrich ve Nielsen 2012 yılında ayrılmışlardır. Lars şu anda manken Jessica Miller ile çıkmaktadır.

Ulrich aynı zamanda önemli bir sanat koleksiyoncusudur. Babası Torben de aynı zamanda resim ve sanat tutkunudur. Ulrich sanat ve müzik çevresinde büyümüştür. Bunlar hayatının en önemli iki faktörü olmuştur. Metallica ile geçirdiği uzun tur dönemleri sırasında galeri ve müzeleri ziyaret eder. 2002 yılında verdiği bir röportajda şunları söylemiştir: "Kendimi sanat dünyasında kaybedeceğimi ve müzik dünyasından uzaklaşabileceğimi düşündüm. Bu bana çok iyi bir saklanma alanı oldu." 2008 yılında Stereo Warning'e verdiği bir röportajda ise şunları söylemiştir: Ben büyürken evin her tarafında sanat vardı. Bu benim için 20-25 yıldır büyük bir tutku. Gidip kendim olabileceğim bir alan. Bu Metallica'nın bir parçası olmamla ilgili değil. Sanat çemberi içinde, olduğum gibi kabul ediliyorum. Sergi evleri, galeriler ve sanatçı buluşmalarına gitmeye bayılıyorum. Bu harika çünkü Metallica ile ilgili hiçbir bağı yok. Bu benim bağımsızlık bölgem.

Metallica Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 2009'a davet edildiğinde Lars bu onuru yaşayan ilk Danimarkalı kişi olmuştu.

Andre Ward ve Mikkel Kessler'in 21 Kasım 2009 tarihindeki Super Six Dünya Boks Şampiyonası'ndaki maçlarında Kessler'i desteklemek için tribünde bulunmuştur.

Ekipmanları

Ulrich, Tama markasını tercih etmektedir. Ulrich, tamamen imzalı, komple bir davul seti ve Zildjian zilleri, Remo davul başlıkları gibi imzalı ve özel üretim bir finish sahibi olan pek az davulcudan birisidir. Tama aynı zamanda Ulrich için imzalı birçok seri üretmiştir. Zildjian zillerini ve Remo tom başlıklarını tercih eder. Sahneye her zaman bu ekipmanlarla çıkmaktadır. Sahnede bunların dışında ekipmanlarla göründüğü çok nadir olmuştur. Fakat stüdyoda aralarında Ludwig, Gretsch ve Sabian gibi markaların bulunduğu kombinasyonlar da kullanır. 1994 yılında Easton Ahead'e geçmeden önce Calato Regal Tip marka bagetlerin anlaşmalı sanatçısı idi. Bu değişikliğin sebebini ise Ulrich, ağaç bagetler ile çalarken bagetlerin kırılması olarak belirtmiştir. Daha sonra stüdyoda bir elinde ağaç, bir elinde ise Ahead bagetleri ile kayıt yapmaya başladı. Bunun sebebini ise ağaç bagetlerin zillerden çıkardığı sesi sevmesi olarak açıklamıştır. Günümüzde de bu yöntemi kullanmaktadır. Bunun ardından, Tama Ulrich için iki farklı model ile Lars Ulrich imzalı özel trampet serisini üretmeye başlamıştır. Trampetlerin biri çelik kaplamalı, diğeri ise Tama'nın eskiden normal satış kataloğundaki en pahalı trampet olan Çan Kaplamalı Trampet'tir. Her iki trampet 14"x6,5" ölçülüdür.

Şu anki tur ekipmanları (2008-2013)

 Davullar - Tama Starclassic Maple, LU (Akçaağaç)

Manyetik Turuncu
 10"x8" Tom
 12"x10" Tom
 14"x16" Zemin Tom
 16"x16" Zemin Tom
 22"x16" Bas Davulu (2 adet)
 14"x6,5" Lars Ulrich imzalı Trampet
 Not:Ulrich standart Lars Ulrich imzalı LU1465 trampetini (elmas kasa) turnede kullanmakta iken stüdyoda, istediği tür sese bağlı olarak hem LU1465, hem de LU1465BB (Çan Kaplama) trampetlerini kullanır.
 Ziller - Zildjian
 14" Z Custom Dyno Beat Hi-Hat'leri
 17" A Custom Projection Crash Zili
 18" A Custom Projection Crash Zili (2 adet)
 19" A Custom Projection Crash Zili
 18" Oriental China Trash
 20" Oriental China Trash
 Not: Ulrich bazı zamanlar canlı çalarken 22" A Custom Ping Ride kullanır. Önceki turlarda da splash zilleri kullanmıştır.
 Bütün Crash zilleri parlak ciladır.
 Geçmişte (özellikle St. Anger döneminde), stüdyoda belirli sayıda K Zildjian'lar veya K Custom zilleri kullanmıştır.
 Davul Başlıkları - Remo
 Tomlar - Kaplı Emperor | Temiz Ambassador
 Bas Davulu - Temiz Powerstroke 3/Powersonic (konser alanına bağlı olarak) | Abanoz Powerstroke 3
 Trampet - Kaplı Controlled Sound (ters tarafta siyah nokta ile)| Temiz Puslu Ambassador
 Donanım - Tama ve Drum Workshop
 Tama IronCobra Power-Glide Tekli Pedal (2 adet)
 Tama IronCobra Lever-Glide Hi-Hat ayaklığı
 Tama Roadpro Zil ayaklığı (2 adet karşı ağırlık ile)
 Tama Roadpro Zil ayaklığı (3 adet)
 Tama Roadpro Çifte Tom ayaklığı
 Tama Roadpro Trampet ayaklığı
 Tama Zil tutucu (2 adet)
 Tama Çift Kelepçe (2 adet)
 Tama Hi-Hat Eklemesi
 Tama Ergo-Rider Drum Throne sehpa
 DW Drop-Lock Hi-Hat Pençesi
 Diğerleri
 Ahead Lars Ulrich imzalı bagetler (1994'ten günümüze)
 Calato Regal Tip Lars Ulrich imzalı bagetler (1981-1993)

Diskografi

Metallica

 Kill 'Em All (1983)
 Ride The Lightning (1984)
 Master of Puppets (1986)
 ...And Justice For All (1988)
 Metallica (1991)
 Load (1996)
 ReLoad (1997)
 Garage Inc. (1998)
 St.Anger (2003)
 Death Magnetic (2008)
 Beyond Magnetic Single (Death Magnetic albümünde yayınlanmamış şarkılardan oluşan 4 parçalık Single EP) (2011)
Hardwired... to Self-Destruct (2016)

Mercyful Fate

 In the Shadows ("Return of the Vampire 1993" parçasında konuk olarak) (1993)

1963 doğumlular
Danimarka doğumlular
Amerikalı söz yazarları
Amerikalı heavy metal bateristleri
Amerikalı koleksiyoncular
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki Danimarkalı gurbetçiler
Danimarka asıllı Amerikalılar
Danimarkalı heavy metal bateristleri
Metallica üyeleri
Yaşayan insanlar

Lars Ulrich


විශ්ණු පුරාණ ( IAST : Viṣṇu පුරාණ) මහා පුරාණ 18 එකකි.  එය වෛෂ්ණව ධර්මයට අයත් මුඛ්‍ය පුරාණයකි.

විෂ්ණු පුරාණ


بطارية مدفعية أو بطارية صواريخ في التنظيم العسكري الحديث تعني وحدة عسكرية ما يعادل الكتيبة في المدفعية أو الدفاع الجوي أو قوات الصواريخ الإستراتيجية .

التكوين الحديث
تتكون البطارية في الجيوش الحديثة من:
 مركز قيادة نيران (آلي أو يدوي أو الإثنين معاً).
 عدد من المدافع أو قواذف الصواريخ (يختلف العدد حسب تصميم السلاح أو النظام الصاروخي المستخدم لكنه يتراوح عادة ما بين 4-10 قطع).
 رادار أو عدة رادارات لكشف وتحديد الأهداف وتوجيه الصواريخ في الأنظمة الصاروخية (قد لا يوجد في المدفعية).
قد يجتمع الرادار والقواذف في معدة واحدة كبعض أنظمة الصواريخ. كما قد يجتمع المدافع وقواذف الصواريخ في بطارية واحدة أو في معدة واحدة أحياناً.

المدفعية
في الجيش الأمريكي بطارية المدفعية أقل من الكتيبة وتتكون من 6 إلى 8 مدافع هاوتزر وقد تضم بطارية المدفعية صواريخ أو هاونات أو مدافع مضادة للطائرات. وتنقسم بطاريات المدفعية بحسب عيار المدفع إلى:
 بطارية ميدان .
 بطارية متوسطة .
 بطارية ثقيلة.
 بطاريات بحسب النوع كبطاريات الصواريخ والمدافع المضادة للطائرات.

المراجع

انظر أيضًا
 مدفعية

علوم عسكرية
قوات عسكرية حسب النوع
وحدات وتشكيلات العصور الوسطى العسكرية
وحدات وتشكيلات عسكرية حسب الحجم

بطارية مدفعية


Requisitos para ser una persona normal est un film espagnol réalisé par Leticia Dolera, sorti en 2015.

Synopsis
María est une jeune femme de 30 ansà qui la vie ne sourit pas : elle n'a pas de travail, elle a été chassée de son appartement, sa vie amoureuse est inexistante et elle est éloignée de sa famille. Lors d'un entretien d'embauche, on lui demande quel genre de personne elle est, et après s'être rendue compte qu'elle ne remplit aucune des conditions pour être considérée comme « normale », elle décide de changer.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Requisitos para ser una persona normal
 Réalisation : Leticia Dolera
 Scénario : Leticia Dolera
 Musique : Luthea Salom
 Photographie : Marc Gómez del Moral
 Montage : Faruk Yusuf Akayran et David Gallart
 Production : Axel Kuschevatzky
 Société de production : Canal+ España, Corte y Confección de películas, Estómago de la Vaca, El, Telefonica Studios, Televisió de Catalunya et Televisión Española
 Pays :
 Genre : Comédie romantique
 Durée : 90 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :

Distribution
 Leticia Dolera : María de las Montañas
 Manuel Burque : Borja
 Sílvia Munt : Bárbara
 Jordi Llodrà : Álex
 Miki Esparbé : Gustavo
 Alexandra Jiménez : Cristina Pi
 Blanca Apilánez : Estefanía
 Jorge Suquet : Pablo
 Núria Gago : Noelia
 David Verdaguer : Juan

Distinctions
Le film a été nommé pour trois prix Goya.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film espagnol sorti en 2015
Comédie romantique espagnole
Premier long métrage sorti en 2015

Requisitos para ser una persona normal


An Sporobolus bogotensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jason Richard Swallen ngan Garc.-barr.. An Sporobolus bogotensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sporobolus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Sporobolus

Sporobolus bogotensis