USS Salamaua (CVE-96) was a  of the United States Navy. She was named after the invasion of Salamaua, a strategically important village in the New Guinea Theater during World War II, and one of the main targets of the Salamaua–Lae campaign. She served with distinction during the war, notably being damaged in early 1945 by a kamikaze aircraft during the Invasion of Lingayen Gulf, killing 15 crewmen and injuring 88. Post war, the ship helped repatriate servicemen to the United States as part of Operation Magic Carpet before being decommissioned and struck in 1946, and ultimately being broken up in 1947.

Design and description

Salamaua was a Casablanca-class escort carrier, designed specifically to be mass-produced using prefabricated sections, in order to replace heavy early war losses. Fifty of these escort carriers were built, making them the most numerous type of aircraft carrier ever built. Standardized with her sister ships, she was  long overall, had a beam of , and a draft of . She displaced  normally,  with a full load. She had a  long hangar deck, a  long flight deck. She was powered with two Uniflow reciprocating steam engines, which provided , driving two shafts, enabling her to make . The ship had a cruising range of , assuming that she traveled at a constant speed of . Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow end, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one on the fore, another on the aft.

One /38 caliber dual purpose gun was mounted on the stern, and she was equipped with sixteen  Bofors anti-aircraft guns in twin mounts, as well as twelve  Oerlikon cannons, which were used in an anti-aircraft capability. By the end of the war, Casablanca-class carriers had been modified to carry 30 20–mm cannons, as a response to increasing casualties due to kamikaze attacks. Anti-aircraft guns were mounted around the perimeter of the deck. Casablanca-class escort carriers were designed to carry 27 aircraft, but they sometimes went over or under this number. For example, during the Invasion of Lingayen Gulf, Salamaua carried 14 FM-2 fighters and 10 TBM-3 torpedo bombers, for a total of 24 aircraft. However, during Salamauas anti-submarine sweeps in the closing stages of the war, she carried 18 FM-2 fighters, 2 FM-2P variant fighters, and 12 TBM-3E variant torpedo bombers, for a total of 32 aircraft. While she was transporting aircraft in a non-combat role, she could accommodate up to 50 aircraft, provided her flight deck was also used for storage.

Construction
The escort carrier was laid down on 4 February 1944, under a Maritime Commission contract, MC hull 1133, by Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington. When she was ordered in 1942, she was expected to possess the name Anguilla Bay, as part of the US Navy's policy of naming escort carriers after bays and sounds. On 6 November 1943, before she was laid down, she was renamed to Salamaua, as part of a new policy which named escort carriers after sites of naval or land engagements. She was launched on 22 April 1944; sponsored by Mrs. W. J. Mullins; transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 26 May 1944, Captain Joseph Irwin Taylor, Jr in command, and with a partial complement of 54 officers and 518 enlisted men.

Service history
Following her commission, she proceeded through the Strait of Juan de Fuca on 17 June 1944, taking on armaments and conducting tests at Naval Station Bremerton from 18 June to 22 June. On 22 June, she arrived at Seattle, Washington, where she took on a load of damaged aircraft, bound for San Diego. As she proceeded down the West Coast, she underwent shakedown, pausing at the naval supply depot in Oakland. She arrived at San Diego, on 29 June, where she unloaded her aircraft. She then conducted drills off the coast of Baja California, for four days, returning to San Diego, on 4 July, where she took on an aircraft contingent and cargo. Salamaua left San Diego, on 6 July, arriving at Pearl Harbor, on 12 July, where she unloaded her wares for the next four days. She left Pearl Harbor, on 16 July, arriving at Naval Air Station Alameda, on 22 July, where she took on 50 aircraft and 300 passengers, bound for Finschhafen, New Guinea.

Salamaua departed Alameda, California, on the morning of 24 July, passing south of Hawaii, on 29 July, arriving at Finschhafen, on 12 August, where she took on a load of nonfunctional aircraft. She departed New Guinea, on 14 August, stopping at Palikulo Bay, to take on fuel. On 1 September, she returned to Alameda, where she underwent overhaul and conducted training exercises. She departed on 3 September, transporting cargo to San Diego, where she arrived on 4 September. On 26 September, she received her combat aircraft contingent (VC-87) at Naval Base San Diego. On 30 September, she left San Diego with  to conduct flight exercises, returning on 7 October.

On 16 October, she once again sailed west from San Diego, as part of Task Unit 19.15.1, under the command of Rear Admiral Calvin T. Durgin, along with her fellow sister ships , , and . She paused at Pearl Harbor on 23 October, and arrived at Ulithi on 5 November. A tropical disturbance delayed departure until 10 November, when she set off for Leyte Gulf, pausing at Kossol Roads, to replenish fuel. She departed on 13 November, and from 14 November to 23 November, she furnished air screening for convoys in the Leyte Gulf area, without major incident. On 23 November, a Mitsubishi G4M bomber managed to get through the screen, strafing the carriers without much ill effect before being shot down. She then proceeded to the Admiralty Islands, to prepare for the invasion of Luzon, as part of Carrier Division 29, under the command of Rear Admiral Durgin. En route, the destroyers  and  detected a potential submarine on 26 November, and dropped depth charges. She, along with her task group, arrived at Seeadler Harbor on 27 November. She stayed at anchor until 16 December, when she left to engage in training exercises at Huon Gulf. On 21 December, she returned to Seeadler Harbor, to make final preparations for the planned invasion of Lingayen Gulf.

Lingayen Gulf
She departed Seeadler Harbor, on the afternoon of 27 December, and moved north to a massive escort carrier formation at Kossol Roads, on 30 December. On 1 January 1945, the task group left for Luzon, passing Leyte, on 3 January. The following day, 4 January 1945, her task group was engaged by kamikazes. On the afternoon of 4 January 1945, she was transiting the Sulu Sea, to the west of the Philippines. At 17:00, approximately 15 Japanese planes were picked up on radar,  west of the task group, and approaching quickly. These planes split into two groups, one group heading towards the rear of the task group, whilst the other continued on its course towards the center. Although fighters from the carrier group were scrambled, false radar signals hampered their efforts to intercept, resulting in the shooting down of just one Japanese plane. During the early stages of the attack, one kamikaze made for Salamaua, but it was discouraged by heavy anti-aircraft fire, changing course instead to make for Lunga Point before being shot down. Later that day, she witnessed the sinking of , which was scuttled following a devastating kamikaze strike.

On 5 January, her task group was harried by more kamikazes, and two planes were shot down by Salamauas anti-aircraft gunners. The kamikazes did succeed in damaging the cruiser , however. On 6 January, she arrived off the entrance to Lingayen Gulf. Her planes began blasting enemy positions ashore and providing air cover for the approaching Allied ships. On 9 January, they provided air cover for the troops landing on the assault beaches, then continued that support until 13 January, when she was forced to retire.

In the days prior to 13 January, fueling operations for the task group had been underway, which was complicated significantly by rough seas which snapped hoses. On 13 January 1945, the task group relocated  to the west of Lingayen Gulf, where fueling recommenced. At 09:00 in the morning, Salamaua was scheduled to be refueled by an oiler. The task group had launched combat air patrols to screen the carriers, with one group of aircraft at  and another at . However, visibility was limited due to heavy cloud cover, hovering  above the ground, and there was no indication of enemy activity in the area.

At 08:58, a Japanese kamikaze plane, emerging from cloud cover, unexpectedly dove almost vertically towards Salamauas flight deck. The speed of its descent, as well as the task group being on low alert, meant that the kamikaze was able to carry out its attack unmolested by anti-aircraft fire. Carrying two  bombs, it penetrated deep into the lower decks, leaving a  by  gaping hole in the flight deck and lighting a fire in the lower bulkheads that caused a pillar of smoke to rise from the hole. Admiral Durgin, querying Salamaua as to the origin of the smoke, received a reply that "Something just went through our flight deck". One of the bombs detonated near the tank tops, just above the bilge, narrowly missing the bomb stowage compartment. The blast sent debris from the engine and fuselage rocketing onto the flight deck, collapsing a number of bulkheads. Additionally, it sparked multiple fires throughout the flight deck, hangar deck, and engine room. Inside the hangar deck, aircraft were being readied for a strike, and the existence of armed munitions made the situation tenuous. The second bomb failed to explode, and was ejected through the starboard side of the ship at the waterline, near the engine, leaving a hole about  wide through which seawater rushed in. There was immediate loss of power, communications, and steering throughout the ship. The aft engine room was breached and flooded, rendering the starboard engine inoperational, albeit the flooding extinguished the engine room blaze.

Several fires were kindled, but most of the blazes were quickly put under control, with the exception of a major fire within the hangar deck, which was fed by gasoline saturated debris from the flight deck. Fighting the fire was further complicated by the loss of water main pressure along the aft of the ship, and by the detonation of hydrostatic fuses and various other ammunition. After 30 minutes, the blaze was contained, after a fight which first belayed, then prevented the detonation of more munitions. A more pressing concern was flooding, which an entire day of pumping could not alleviate. This resulted in the entire starboard engine being submerged, leading to the ship acquiring an 8° list to the starboard. The attack on Salamaua was the last successful kamikaze attack in the Philippines Campaign.

There were more kamikazes which followed up in the 10 minutes after the attack on Salamaua, but the Japanese had lost the element of surprise. One plane dove towards , but was engaged by heavy anti-aircraft fire, including from Salamaua, and it veered towards  before being destroyed by a proximity-fuzed 5-inch shell. Another two planes tried to strike Salamaua, one passing above her port quarter before crashing into the sea, and another one detonating in midair as it approached her astern. Throughout this ordeal, she was able to keep up with her task group using her port engine. Fifteen men were killed, and 88 injured by the attack. At 19:25, she broke away from her task group to limp away for Leyte, accompanied by the destroyers  and , along with the tug .

Okinawa
Salamaua limped into Leyte, still hampered significantly by flooding, on 14 January. There, injured were unloaded, the worst of the wreckage was cleaned up, and flooding was partially controlled. After repairs, she set off for Seeadler Harbor, arriving on 2 February, for repairs on floating dry dock, where her aircraft contingent and crew were disembarked. On 5 February, she left for Pearl Harbor, accompanied by , also damaged by a kamikaze. She arrived on 17 February, where she unloaded unnecessary ammunition, and departed on 19 February, bound for San Francisco.

Arriving on 26 February, she was put in a queue for repairs. Repairs began on 3 March, and on 21 April, she moved west again. She arrived back at Pearl Harbor on 27 April, and received her new aircraft contingent (VC-70). She then conducted training exercises, in conjunction with . She concluded her exercises and returned on 4 May, and set off for Guam, on 10 May, arriving on 20 May. At Guam, she received orders to join Task Group 52.2.1., which was supporting operations on the Ryukyu Islands. She rendezvoused with the task group on 26 May, to support land operations on Okinawa, but on 3 June, she was ordered to join Task Group 30.8, a logistics support group, alongside , , and .

Typhoon and anti-submarine operations
She arrived at her post on 4 June, but the next day, Typhoon Connie passed directly over the Third Fleet. On the morning of 5 June, the task group was refueling, but the weather deteriorated to render it impossible by noon. Reports of a typhoon to the south led Captain Joseph I. Taylor to order as many aircraft as possible to be sheltered within the hangar bay. Her limited carrying capabilities forced some aircraft to be stored on the flight deck, where they were bolted down onto the tarmac. By late afternoon, the task group was being buffeted by tropical storm force winds, and at 3:30, 5 June, hurricane force winds were reported. Steering control was lost by 3:35, as massive waves pounded the ship. A fore 40–mm gun and the aircraft handling boom was carted away by the waves. The flight deck was partially detached at the extreme fore, damaging the aircraft catapult and some bulkheads. On the flight deck, an Avenger tore loose from its restraints, spinning wildly across, wrecking all of the aircraft anchored onto the flight deck and killing a crewman. By the time the task force emerged from the typhoon, 46 planes had been destroyed, mostly on Salamaua and Bougainville. Salamauas flight deck had been rendered inoperative, and she arrived at Guam, on 10 June, to undergo repairs.

Repairs were hastily made at Guam, and she arrived at Ulithi, on 18 July. On 21 July, she was assigned anti-submarine patrol duty as part of the newly formed Task Group 94.17, along with the destroyer escorts , , , and . Their objective was to protect the Marianas-Okinawa convoy lanes. On 31 July, she shifted to the Leyte-Okinawa lanes, as a reaction to the sinking of the destroyer escort  and the cruiser  by Japanese submarines. On 5 August, Captain Joseph I. Taylor relinquished command of Salamaua, being replaced by Captain John Hook Griffin. She undertook anti-submarine duties until the Japanese surrender on 15 August. Task Group 94.17 cleared naval mines, and achieved the likely destruction of two Japanese midget submarines, along with the possible destruction of another midget submarine.

Post-war
On 25 August, Salamaua returned to Leyte, replenished, then escorted a troop convoy on 27 August, containing the U.S. Eighth Army to Tokyo Bay. The convoy arrived on 2 September, and the escort carrier's planes photographed the landing of the occupation troops at Yokohama, during the formal Japanese surrender aboard the battleship . After guarding a second convoy into Tokyo Bay, she joined the "Magic Carpet" fleet, which embarked veterans for transport to the United States. She disembarked her first cargo of veterans at Alameda, on 3 October. Before the end of the year, Salamaua completed two more "Magic Carpet" runs.

In 1946, she was prepared for inactivation. She was decommissioned on 9 May 1946, struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 21 May, and subsequently sold to the Zidell Ship Dismantling Company, Portland, Oregon, for scrapping on 18 November 1946. Her hull was broken up sometime in 1947.

References

Sources

Online sources

Bibliography

External links

Casablanca-class escort carriers
World War II escort aircraft carriers of the United States
Ships built in Vancouver, Washington
1944 ships
S4-S2-BB3 ships

USS Salamaua


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 Bardas Fokas, Bizans generali ve İmparator II. Nikiforos Fokas'ın ve kouropalates Genç Leo Fokas'ın babası (ö. 968)

Ölümler
 31 Aralık - İmparator Seiwa, Japonya'nın geleneksel veraset düzenine göre 56. imparatoru (d. 850)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Ahmed bin Musa, matematik ve astronomi alanında eserler veren müslüman âlim (d. 803)

878


Maranello (Modena lehçesi: Maranèl), kuzey İtalya'nın Emilia-Romagna bölgesinde Modena ilinde Modena şehri yakınlarında bulunan bir komündür. Maranello beldesi Modena'dan 18 km uzaklıkta bulunmakta; beldenin yüzölçümü 32,71 km² olup nüfusu (31.7.2010 tahminlerine göre) 16.890'dır.

Ekonomi

Ferrari'nin fabrikasının burada bulunması ile tanınır. Ferrari'nin ünlü oto modelleri olan Ferrari Maranello 550 ve 575 modeli de ismini bu kasabadan alır. "Scuderia Ferrari" Formula 1 otomobil yarışma takımının merkezi buradadır. Ferrari firması tarafından satın alınmadan önce müstakil oto kaporta firması olan "Carrozzeria Scaglietti" firmasının da bu beldede idare merkezi bulunmaktaydı. Beldede Alfa Romeo firmasının Ferrari şirketine karşı uyguladığı boykot dolayısıyla Ferrari firmasının kurduğu otomotif üretim makinaları imalatçı firması olan "Auto Avio Costruzioni"'dedir.

Ferrari S.p.A. firmasının kurucusu olan Enzo Ferrari anısına yapılan yıllık "İtalyan Maraton Koşusu" da her yıl Maranello'dan başlayıp Carpi'de bitmektedir.

Nüfus gelişmesi

Kişi

Komşu komünler

Castelvetro di Modena, Fiorano Modenese, Formigine, Marano sul Panaro, Serramazzoni

Ayrıca bakınız

 Emilia-Romagna
 Modena (il)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
  Maranello Belediyesi resmî Web sitesi

Modena ili belediyeleri

Maranello


An Stelis atra in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni John Lindley. An Stelis atra in nahilalakip ha genus nga Stelis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 S. a. atra
 S. a. boliviana

Mga kasarigan

Stelis (Orchidaceae)

Stelis atra


عين وردة هي إحدى القرى التابعة لمركز الخشنية التابع لمحافظة القنيطرة في هضبة الجولان بجنوب غرب سوريا.

قرية تتبع ناحية الخشنية، منطقة مركز ومحافظة القنيطرة (427ن عام 1967 – 760م)، تقع في أرض بركانية وعرة تنحدر نحو الجنوب الغربي، جنوب تل يوسف، شرق وادي الدلهمية، وهي تبعد 4 كم من بلدة الخشنية باتجاه الشمال الغربي، و(16كم) من مدينة القنيطرة، باتجاه الجنوب الغربي تقوم فيها زراعة الحبوب والبقول بعلاً، وتزرع فيها الذرة الصفراء والخضار رياً، كما وتنتشر فيها زراعة الكرمة، وتكثر أشجار الكينا، وتربى فيها الأبقار والأغنام. يشرب أهلها من مياه الينابيع المحلية.

قرى الجولان المحتلة
قرى الجولان المدمرة
قرى محافظة القنيطرة

عين وردة


Sveti Emigdije (latinski: Emidius, Æmedius, Emigdius, Hemigidius; talijanski: Sant'Emidio; Trier, oko 279. – Ascoli Piceno, oko 309. godine) bio je kršćanski biskup koji se štuje kao mučenik. Predaja kaže da je ubijen za vrijeme Dioklecijanova progona. Zaštitnik je protiv potresa.

Legenda
Legenda kaže, da je bio poganin iz Triera koji je postao kršćanin. Otputovao je u Rim i izliječio paralitičnu kćer svog domaćina Gracijana, koji mu je dopustio da ostane s njim u svojoj kući na otoku Tiberu. Gracijanova se obitelj tada obratila na kršćanstvo.

Emigdije je također izliječio slijepca. Rimljani su ga vjerovali da je Apolonov sin i silom su ga odveli u Eskulapov hram na otoku, gdje je izliječio mnoge bolesne. Emigdije se, međutim, deklarirao kao kršćanin, srušio je poganske žrtvenike i razbio Eskulapov kip. Mnoge je također obratio na kršćanstvo; što je razbjesnilo prefekta grada.

Papa Marcel I. (ili papa Marcelin) proglasio ga je biskupom i poslao u Ascoli Piceno.

Na putu za Ascoli, Emigdije je izvršio više obraćenja i izveo čudo u kojem je učinio da voda poteče iz planine nakon što je udarila u liticu. Polimije, lokalni guverner, pokušao je uvjeriti Emigdija da štuje Jupitera i božicu Angariju, zaštitnicu Ascolija. Polimije mu je ponudio i ruku svoje kćeri Polisije. Umjesto toga, Emigdije ju je krstio kao kršćanku u vodama Tronta, zajedno s mnogim drugima.

Bijesan, Polimije mu je odrubio glavu na mjestu gdje se sada nalazi Crveni hram sv. Emigdija, kao i njegovim sljedbenicima Eupolu, Germanu i Valentinu. Prema legendi, Emigdije je ustao, odnio vlastitu glavu do mjesta na planini gdje je sagradio oratorij (mjesto današnjeg Sant'Emidio alla Grotte). Nakon Emigdijeva mučeništva, njegovi sljedbenici napali su Polimijevu palaču i srušili je.

Izvori

Sveci
Biskupi u Italiji
Kršćanski mučenici
Trier

Sveti Emigdije


Bonsucro é um grupo internacional de governança multissetorial, sem fins lucrativos, estabelecido em 2008 para promover a cana-de-açúcar sustentável. Seu objetivo declarado é reduzir "os impactos ambientais e sociais da produção de cana-de-açúcar, reconhecendo a necessidade de viabilidade econômica". Isso é feito por meio do estabelecimento de padrões de sustentabilidade e da certificação de produtos de cana-de-açúcar, incluindo etanol, açúcar e melaço. , 25% das terras globais plantadas com cana-de-açúcar foram certificadas pela Bonsucro. A Bonsucro tem mais de 500 membros em mais de 40 países ao redor do mundo, incluindo agricultores, moleiros, comerciantes, compradores e organizações de apoio.

O Bonsucro é uma das poucas certificações a ter desenvolvido medidas para emissões de gases de efeito estufa, e, consequentemente, a Comissão Europeia declarou que o padrão Bonsucro pode ser usado para demonstrar a conformidade com a Diretiva de Renováveis da UE (EU RED) ao importar etanol combustível, embora o padrão tenha que ser alterado para cumprir integralmente. Tanto o Bonsucro quanto os padrões estabelecidos pela Mesa Redonda sobre Biomateriais Sustentáveis foram observados como, na prática, expandindo as diretrizes RED da UE para incluir outros fatores, como questões de posse da terra, conforme prescrito pela lei nacional.

O acesso ao mercado da UE foi rotulado como importante pelos formuladores de políticas colombianos e descrito como impulsionador da política nacional do país visando 40% de cana-de-açúcar Bonsucro. No entanto, esse uso da certificação no contexto de biocombustíveis tem causado preocupação com as consequências da intensificação na Colômbia, embora em novembro de 2014 nenhuma usina ainda tivesse obtido a certificação no país. O primeiro etanol combustível certificado pela Bonsucro, do Brasil, foi importado pela primeira vez para a Europa através do Porto de Roterdã em 2012.

Certificação de produtos
Certificações profissionais

Bonsucro


نادي الوحدة السعودي هو نادٍ رياضي ثقافي اجتماعي سعودي مقره مدينة مكة المكرمة، تأسس عام 1946. عٌرف النادي سابقًا باسم «الحزب» إلى أن استقر اسم النادي على «الوحدة» عام 1946، وهو نفس التاريخ الذي سجل فيه النادي رسميًا في الإدارة العامة للرياضة والكشافة التابعة لوزارة الداخلية السعودية التي كانت تشرف على النشاط الرياضي السعودي آنذاك.

تاريخ
ذكر المؤرخ محمد غزالي يماني (مؤرخ تاريخ نادي الوحدة) أن نادي الوحدة تأسس قبل عام 1946 وكان اسمه الحزب، وأن عام 1946 هو تاريخ تغيير اسم النادي من (الحزب) إلى الاسم الحالي (الوحدة). ويؤيد كلام محمد غزالي بعض المؤرخين الكرويين في الإعلام الرياضي السعودي منهم كامل أزهر وإبراهيم خفاجي ومحمد رمضان وعبدالله كعكي وغيرهم. قدم المؤرخ محمد غزالي العديد من الأدلة والبراهين في كتابه (نادي الوحدة بمكة المكرمة أول نادٍ بالمملكة العربية السعودية بالأدلة والوثائق تأسس عام 1334 - 1916) يؤكد فيها أن نادي الوحدة الأقدم تأسيساً من بين الأندية السعودية والأجدر بالعمادة.

يذكر أن إدارة نادي الوحدة قد كتبت تاريخ التأسيس 1916 على الشعار الرسمي للنادي، لكنها أزالت تاريخ التأسيس لاحقًا ليبقى شعار النادي الجديد بدون تاريخ.

الألقاب والإنجازات
دوري الدرجة الأولى السعودي
  البطل (4): 1982-83، 1995-96، 2003-03، 2017-18.

  الوصيف (2): 2011-12، 2014-15.
  المركز الثالث (1): 2021-22.

الدوري السعودي الممتاز

  المركز الثالث (1): 2006-07.
  المركز الرابع (1): 1985-86.

كأس خادم الحرمين الشريفين

  البطل (2): 1957، 1966.

  الوصيف (5): 1958، 1959، 1960، 1961، 1970.
  المركز الرابع (1): 2011.
كأس ولي العهد السعودي

  البطل (1): 1959-60.
  الوصيف (5): 1958-59، 1963-64، 1969-70، 1972-73، 2010-11.

لاعبو كرة قدم دوليين من الوحدة
 عبيد الدوسري (مهاجم): لاعب المنتخب السعودي سابقًا وهداف الدوري السعودي الممتاز موسم 1998
 عيسى المحياني (مهاجم): لاعب المنتخب السعودي سابقًا وهداف الدوري السعودي الممتاز موسم 2006 وهداف دوري أبطال العرب موسم 2008 وهداف كأس آسيا للشباب عام 2002 وسجل هدف في نهائيات كأس العالم للشباب لكرة القدم لعام 2003 على المنتخب الإيرلندي وأفضل لاعب آسيوي لشهر يوليو من عام 2002 واختاره الإتحاد الآسيوي لكرة القدم من أفضل عشرين لاعب آسيوي لمدة موسمين متتاليين في موسم 2006 وموسم 2007 واختير كخامس أفضل لاعب عربي بحسب إستفتاء لموقع الجزيرة نت.
 ناصر الشمراني (مهاجم): لاعب المنتخب السعودي حاليًا، وهداف الدوري السعودي الممتاز 5 مرات مواسم: 2008 و2009 و2011 و2012 و2014.
 أسامة هوساوي (مدافع): لاعب المنتخب السعودي حاليًا، واحترف مع نادي أندرلخت البلجيكي وحقق معهم بطولة كأس السوبر البلجيكي لموسم 2012.
 عساف القرني (حارس مرمى): لاعب المنتخب السعودي سابقًا.
 كامل الموسى (مدافع): لاعب المنتخب السعودي في نهائيات كأس اسيا 2007 و 2011 وتصفيات كأس العالم 2014
 ماجد بلال (مدافع): لاعب المنتخب السعودي سابقًا.
 أحمد الموسى (وسط): شارك مع المنتخب السعودي في نهائيات كأس آسيا 2007.
 مهند عسيري (مهاجم): شارك مع المنتخب السعودي في كأس الخليج العربي 2010.
 وليد باخشوين (وسط): وليد باخشوين مواليد 12 نوفمبر 1989 في المدينة المنورة، هو لاعب كرة قدم سعودي يلعب مع نادي الوحدة ومنتخب السعودية لكرة القدم كلاعب وسط. مثل سابقاً النادي الأهلي وانتقل إلى نادي الوحدة عام 2018.

المشاركات الخارجية
مثل نادي الوحدة المملكة العربية السعودية في بطولة دوري أبطال العرب لموسم 2008 ولعب في دور الـ 32 مع نادي سكة الحديد الجيبوتي ذهابًا وإيابًا، انتهت مباراة الذهاب في جيبوتي بفوز الوحدة السعودي بثمانية أهداف مقابل لا شيء وانتهت مباراة الإياب في السعودية بفوز الوحدة السعودي بإحدى عشر هدفًا مقابل لا شيء وبمجموع المباراتين 19 - صفر لصالح الوحدة السعودي وهذه النتيجة تعتبر من أكبر النتائج في تاريخ البطولات العربية للأندية وتأهل إلى دور الـ 16 ووضعته القرعة مع حامل لقب البطولة في موسم 2007 نادي وفاق سطيف الجزائري وبطل البطولة في هذه النسخة نفسها نسخة 2008 وانتهت مباراة الذهاب في السعودية وبالتحديد في مكة المكرمة على ملعب استاد مدينة الملك عبدالعزيز الرياضية بالتعادل بهدف لهدف وسط حضور أكثر من 30 ألف مشجع لنادي الوحدة، وفي مباراة الإياب في الجزائر انتهت بفوز نادي وفاق سطيف الجزائري بثلاثة أهداف مقابل هدف ليخرج الوحدة من مشاركته الخارجية الأولى من دور الـ 16 وحقق مهاجمه عيسى المحياني لقب هداف البطولة، وفي موسم 2009 لعب في بطولة دوري أبطال العرب للمرة الثانية على التوالي ووضعته القرعة في دور الـ 32 في مواجهة نادي اتحاد العاصمة الجزائري لعبت مباراة الذهاب في الجزائر وخسرها نادي الوحدة السعودي بثلاثة أهداف مقابل لا شيء وفي مباراة الإياب في السعودية وبالتحديد في مكة المكرمة وعلى استاد مدينة الملك عبدالعزيز الرياضية ووسط حضور أكثر من 30 ألف من مشجعي وعشاق وأنصار نادي الوحدة السعودي تمكن نادي الوحدة من الفوز بالمباراة بثلاثة أهداف مقابل هدف وفاز الوحدة السعودي بالمباراة لكنه خسر بطاقة التأهل لدور الـ 16 بمجموع المباراتين بأربعة أهداف مقابل ثلاثة.

مباريات ودية تاريخية لعبها فريق الوحدة لكرة القدم
في موسم 2009 لعب الوحدة السعودي مباراة ودية تاريخية أمام بايرن ميونخ الألماني بمناسبة اعتزال لاعب الوحدة السعودي حاتم خيمي، ولعبت المباراة بمدينة جدة على استاد الأمير عبد الله الفيصل، وانتهت المباراة بثلاثة أهداف مقابل هدف للبايرن.

تشكيلة الفريق
مصدر

المعارون

الطاقم الإداري

أعضاء مجلس الإدارة

  رئيس مجلس الإدارة: سلطان أزهر.
  نائب رئيس مجلس الإدارة: عبد العزيز القرشي
  عضو: عبد العزيز الخيمي
  عضو: توفيق تونسي
  عضو: عبد الله الثقفي
  عضو: فيصل بن سعيد
  أمين عام النادي: مشعل غازي القرشي
  أمين الصندوق: بسام عبد الرازق وعظ الدين

الجهاز الفني

  المدير الفني: برونو أكرابوفيتش
 مساعد أول: ايفو ميليتش
 مساعد ثان: عيسى المحياني
 مدرب اللياقة: ماركو برينتوفيتش
 مدرب الحراس: بويان إيزيلوفيتش

الأنشطة الرياضية الأخرى
كرة اليد

بطولة الدوري السعودي الممتاز لرياضة كرة اليد:
 البطل: مرتين مواسم: 2000 و2010
بطولة كأس السعودية لرياضة لكرة اليد:
 البطل: مرتين مواسم: 2003 و2005
كرة الطائرة

بطولة كأس النخبة السعودية لرياضة لكرة الطائرة:
 البطل: مرة واحدة موسم: 2014

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 مدرج جماهير نادي الوحدة الرسمي

وحدة
أندية رياضية أسست في 1916
أندية رياضية أسست في 1945
أندية رياضية أسست في 1946
وحدة
أندية كرة قدم في مكة
وحدة
تأسيسات سنة 1916 في الدولة العثمانية
وحدة

نادي الوحدة (السعودية)


Martin Antoine Ryerson, né le  à Grand Rapids (Michigan) et mort le  à Lake Geneva (Wisconsin), est un juriste et entrepreneur américain qui fut un grand mécène et collectionneur de son temps. La plus grande partie de sa collection se trouve aujourd'hui à l'Art Institute of Chicago.

Biographie
Ses parents, le richissime négociant en bois Martin Ryerson et son épouse France Mary Ann Campau (nièce de Louis Campau, le fondateur de Grand Rapids), s'installent à Chicago en 1851. En plus de son négoce, son père investit avec succès dans l'immobilier, la banque et dans la Elgin Watch Company et accroît sa fortune. Martin Antoine Ryerson étudie dans des écoles privées prestigieuses de Paris et Genève, puis il suit des études de droit à la faculté de droit de Harvard dont il est diplômé en 1878.

Jusqu'à la mort de son père en 1887, Martin A. Ryerson travaille comme juriste avant de reprendre à l'âge de 34 ans les affaires familiales Martin Ryerson & Company. Ryerson sert au comité de direction de la Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company, du Northern Trust, et de la Elgin National Watch Company. Il laisse la place dans les années 1890 pour s'occuper de sa collection et d'activités philanthropiques. Il épouse en 1881 Caroline Hutchinson.

Citoyen engagé

Ryerson est cofondateur en 1890 de l'université de Chicago, dont il est curateur de 1892 jusqu'en 1922. Parmi ses fondations à l'université, l'on compte le Ryerson Physical Laboratory. En 1893, influencé par l'Exposition universelle de Chicago (World's Columbian Exposition), Ryerson est cofondateur du Field Museum of Natural History et en est curateur pendant de nombreuses années. Il occupe à partir de 1890 le même poste pour l'Art Institute of Chicago jusqu'à sa mort. Il y fonde une bibliothèque d'art dénommée la Ryerson Library et lègue sa collection au musée. Sa veuve Caroline lègue aussi au musée d'autres œuvres de la collection de son défunt mari. Ses fondations sont solides financièrement et ont encore plus de moyens aujourd'hui. La bibliothèque de Grand Rapids est aussi une fondation de Ryerson, portant le nom de Ryerson Library.

Ryerson meurt le , à Lake Geneva (Wisconsin). Il est inhumé au cimetière de Graceland dans le mausolée familial auprès de ses parents. À sa mort, ses biens sont estimés à 5 millions de dollars, dont 3 millions dans l'immobilier. Il lègue tous ses biens à des fondations charitables, à des membres de sa famille et à d'anciens employés. Par exemple, sa veuve hérite d'un dixième soit  , ainsi qu'une rente annuelle de . Il lègue également  à l'université Harvard,  au Kenyon College, et  aux Petites Sœurs des pauvres. Sa collection d'art est donnée à l'Art Institute of Chicago.

Collection

Martin et Caroline Ryerson collectionnent d'abord des tableaux de maîtres anciens qu'ils placent dans leur villa du South Drexel Boulevard à Chicago. On y remarque des œuvres de Gérard David, Koerbecke, Memling, Rogier van der Weyden, Pontormo, Giovanni di Paolo, Watteau et Goya. Après l'exposition universelle de 1893, il se passionne pour les peintres impressionnistes français et la peinture contemporaine. Le cœur de sa collection est constitué de cinq tableaux de Renoir et seize œuvres de Monet. Ryerson rencontre personnellement Monet en 1920 dans sa maison de Giverny. Ryerson collectionne aussi des tableaux de Manet, Degas, Cézanne, Gauguin, Signac et Odilon Redon. Il achète aussi des toiles de peintres américains, comme Mary Cassatt, John Singer Sargent ou Winslow Homer.

Tableaux

Références

Bibliographie
 Art Institute of Chicago (éd.): Martin A Ryerson Collection of Paintings and Sculpture XIII to XVIII Century, Chicago, 1930
 Chicago University, Board of trustees: Martin A. Ryerson 1856-1932, Chicago, 1932
 Aline Bernstein Louchheim Saarinen: The Proud Possessors: the lives, times and tastes of some adventurous American art collectors. Random House, New York, 1958
 Frederick A. Sweet: Great Chicago Collectors in Apollo Magazine, September 1966
 Patricia Erens: Masterpieces. Chicago Review Press, Chicago 1979
 Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz: Culture & the city: cultural philanthropy in Chicago from the 1880s to 1917. University of Chicago Press, 1989
 Sue Ann Prince (éd.): The Old Guard and the Avant-Garde: modernism in Chicago 1910-1940. University of Chicago Press, 1990

Voir aussi
 Annie Coburn
 Bertha Palmer

Liens externes

 Courte biographie avec tableaux, Art Institute of Chicago

Collectionneur du XIXe siècle
Collectionneur du XXe siècle
Ryerson
Mécène américain
Naissance en octobre 1856
Naissance à Grand Rapids (Michigan)
Décès en août 1932
Personnalité inhumée au cimetière de Graceland (Chicago)
Décès à 75 ans

Martin Ryerson


Kamenec pod Vtáčnikom este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Prievidza din regiunea Trenčín. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.790 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Kamenec pod Vtáčnikom este atestată documentar din 1355.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Kamenec pod Vtáčnikom


An Carex korkischkoae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Andrey Evgenievich Kozhevnikov. An Carex korkischkoae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex korkischkoae


دبليو دبليو إي سماك داون برنامج مصارعة تلفزيوني لاتحاد المصارعة الترفيهية العالمية (دبليو دبليو إي WWE). ابتداءً من 1999 وهو يعرض على شبكة WWE NETWORK في الولايات المتحدة والعالم تحت اسم سماك داون ليلة الجمعة (WWE Friday Night SmackDown). ويستعمل اسم العرض للإشارة إلى قسم السماك داون الذي يوجد فيه المصارعين الذين يظهرون في ذلك العرض، توجد برامج واقسام أخرى للـWWE وهي رو وإن إكس تي.

الشخصيات
 الرئيس: شين مكمان
 المدير العام: بايج
 المعلقين: كوري جريفز , توم فيليبس، بايرون ساكستون

الأبطال

السيدات

حلقة سماك داون بتاريخ 22/7/2011
تبدأ الحلقة بوجود راندي أورتن البطل السابق للوزن الثقيل (بالإنجليزية : بطولة العالم للوزن الثقيل (دبليو دبليو إي))
الذي أخذ يتحدث عن التطورات التي تحدث في اتحاد المصارعة منها عدم وجود بطل (بالإنجليزية :بطولة العالم للدبليو دبليو إي للوزن الثقيل)
ثم ظهر كريستشان بطل العالم في الوزن الثقيل الذي هزم أورتن في بطولة مني ين ذا بانك (بالإنجليزية : Money in the bank) وذلك عندما بصق في وجه أورتن فاشتاظ أورتن غضباً مما أدي إلي استبعاده وأخذ يتحدث إلي أورتن ثم حاول أورتن ضرب كريسشان لكن الحكام وتيدي لونغ مدير سماك داون منعوه لكنه خدعهم وتمكن من ضربه.

و تواجه كريستيان وبطل القارات إيزيكيل جاكسون (بالإنجليزية : Ezekiel Jackson) وفاز كريستيان بعد تنفيذ حركة الكيل سويتش.

وتحدث المذيع مايكل كول الي الفائز في مباراة (بالإنجليزية : Smack down money in the bank) دانيال براين (بالإنجليزية : Danial Bryan) الذي تواجه مع المصارع هيث سلاتر وفاز عليه.

و تواجه كلا من Wade Barrett وشيمس وأنتهت المبارة بأستبعاد كليهما وذلك للمخالفة ثم قام شيمس بركل وايد.

أما الحدث الرئيسي فكان بين راندي أورتن (بالإنجليزية : راندي أورتن) وكاين (بالإنجليزية : Kane)استمرت المبارة نحو 20 دقيقة حاول كلا منهم انتزاع الفوز وذلك بتنفيذ الحركة القاضية لكن كان الفوز من نصيب أورتن الذي استطاع تنفيذ الآر كي أو (RKO) وفاز علي كاين وتصافح الاثنان وغادر أورتن وظهر مارك هنري (بالإنجليزية : Mark Henry) الذي هاجم كاين وأصابه في قدمه، انتهت الحلقة.

الأغاني الأفتتاحية

روابط خارجية

المراجع

برامج تلفزيونية باللغة الإنجليزية
برامج سيفي
برامج شبكة فوكس التلفزيونية
دبليو دبليو إي
عروض شبكة فوكس
مسلسلات تلفزيونية أمريكية بدأ عرضها في 1999
مسلسلات تلفزيونية أمريكية في العقد 1990
مسلسلات تلفزيونية أمريكية في عقد 2000
مسلسلات تلفزيونية أمريكية في عقد 2010
مسلسلات تلفزيونية أمريكية في عقد 2020
مسلسلات تلفزيونية مباشرة أمريكية
مسلسلات شبكة The CW

دبليو دبليو إي سماكداون


Hessville bezeichnet mehrere

Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten:
 Hessville (Indiana)
 Hessville (New York)
 Hessville (Ohio)

Hessville


John Branch Jr. (November 4, 1782January 4, 1863) was an American politician who served as U.S. Senator, Secretary of the Navy, the 19th Governor of the state of North Carolina, and was the sixth and last territorial governor of Florida.

Biography
Branch was born in Halifax County, North Carolina, on November 4, 1782, the son of wealthy landowners. Educated at the University of North Carolina, where he was a member of the Philanthropic Society, he occupied himself as a planter and civic leader. Branch served in the North Carolina Senate from 1811 to 1817 and was the state's Governor from 1817 to 1820. After further service in the state Senate, he represented North Carolina in the United States Senate from 1823 until 1829 and was a strong supporter of Andrew Jackson.

When Jackson became President, he selected Branch as his Secretary of the Navy. In that post, Branch promoted several reforms in the Navy's policies and administration, many of which were not implemented until years later. He reduced the resources going to the construction of new ships, while increasing those applied to keeping existing vessels in good repair. Branch also sent the frigate USS Potomac to the Far East to punish the murderers of a U.S. merchant ship's crew and to generally promote and protect American commerce in the region.

John Branch resigned as Secretary in 1831, during the Petticoat affair, which involved the social ostracism of Margaret O'Neill Eaton, the wife of Secretary of War John H. Eaton by a group of Cabinet members and their wives led by Floride Calhoun, the wife of Vice President John C. Calhoun. Later that year, Branch was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Jacksonian and later to North Carolina state political offices. In the mid-1830s, he moved to Leon County, Florida, where he lived for much of the next decade-and-a-half on his Live Oak Plantation. In 1844, President John Tyler appointed him Florida's territorial governor until the 1845 election of a governor under the state constitution. Branch returned to North Carolina in the early 1850s, remaining there until his death on January 4, 1863.

Branch is buried in Elmwood Cemetery in Enfield, North Carolina.

Branch married Eliza Fort (1787-1851) and had 7 children.

Branch was an uncle of the Confederate General Lawrence O'Bryan Branch. His daughter, Margaret, married Daniel Smith Donelson, the nephew of President Jackson.

Bibliography
American National Biography
Dictionary of American Biography
Haywood, Marshall Delancey. John Branch: 1782-1863. Raleigh, NC: Commercial Printing Co., 1915
Hoffmann, William S. John Branch and the Origins of the Whig Party in North Carolina. North Carolina Historical Review 35 (July 1958): 299-315

See also
Branch County, Michigan - A county in Michigan that was named after him
Branch, Branch County, Michigan - A village founded as the inaugural seat of that county, also named after him

Sources

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

References

External links

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1782 births
1863 deaths
People from Halifax, North Carolina
American people of English descent
United States Secretaries of the Navy
Jackson administration cabinet members
Democratic-Republican Party United States senators from North Carolina
Jacksonian United States senators from North Carolina
Jacksonian members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina
North Carolina Democratic-Republicans
Democratic Party governors of North Carolina
Democratic-Republican Party state governors of the United States
Governors of Florida Territory
Democratic Party North Carolina state senators
American planters
United States senators who owned slaves
Members of the United States House of Representatives who owned slaves

John Branch


Velikovechnoye  es un selo del raión de Beloréchensk del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia. Se sitúa en la orilla derecha del río Bélaya, afluente del río Kubán, 21 km al noroeste de Beloréchensk y 59 km al sureste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 5 812 habitantes en 2010.

Pertenece al municipio Velikovechnenskoye.

Historia

El pueblo está compuesto por la fusión de Vechnoye y Velikoye. La primera de estas localidades fue fundada en 1874 por colonos provenientes de la gubernia de Vorónezh en el emplazamiento de una antigua aul adigué, con el nombre de Filipovski (cambia el nombre en 1923. La segunda de las localidades fue fundado por campesinos y cosacos con el nombre de Tsarski Dar no más tarde de 1897 (cambia de nombre en 1918). Hasta 1920 pertenecía al otdel de Maikop del óblast de Kubán.

Economía y transporte

Cabe remarcar las instalaciones hidroterapéuticas de la localidad. Pasa la carretera R253 Maikop-Ust-Labinsk.

Personalidades

 Fiódor Shapoválov (1923-1977), veterano de la Gran Guerra Patria.

Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
 Este artículo es una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Великовечное.
 Mapa topográfico en maps.vlasenko.net .

Localidades del raión de Beloréchensk del krai de Krasnodar

Velikovéchnoye


El XLIV Campeonato Mundial de Halterofilia se celebró en Columbus (Estados Unidos) entre el 12 y el 20 de septiembre de 1970 bajo la organización de la Federación Internacional de Halterofilia (IWF) y la Federación Estadounidense de Halterofilia.

En el evento participaron 129 halterófilos de 28 federaciones nacionales afiliadas a la IWF.

Medallistas

Medallero

Enlaces externos
Resultados en la pág. web Lift Up .

1970
Halterofilia en 1970

Campeonato Mundial de Halterofilia de 1970


Arthur Legat (Haine-Saint-Paul, Valonija, Belgija, 1. studenog 1898. – Haine-Saint-Pierre, Valonija, Belgija, 23. veljače 1960.) je bio vozač automobilističkih utrka.

U Formuli 1 je nastupao 1952. i 1953. na Velikoj nagradi Belgije, no nije uspio osvojiti bodove. Redovito je nastupao i na utrci Grand Prix des Frontières, te 12 sati Pariza, no nije ostvario velike uspjehe.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Arthur Legat – Stats F1
All Results of Arthur Legat – Racing Sports Cars

Belgijski vozači Formule 1

Arthur Legat


Maxime Lanusse  (* 1853 in Bernac-Debat, Département Hautes-Pyrénées; † 1930) war ein französischer Romanist und Grammatiker.

Leben und Werk
Jean Marie Maximien Lanusse  studierte in Bordeaux und bestand 1883 die Agrégation de grammaire. Er war dann Gymnasiallehrer in Tarbes, Mont-de-Marsan, Montpellier, Villefranche, Vesoul, Nevers, Nice und Grenoble. Er habilitierte sich mit den beiden Thèses De l'influence du dialecte gascon sur la langue française de la fin du XVe siècle à la seconde moitié du XVIIe (Grenoble/Paris 1893, Genf 1977; Prix Saintour der Académie française) und De Joanne Nicotio (Jean Nicot) philologo  (Gratianopoli [Grenoble] 1893) und wurde Gymnasiallehrer in Paris (Lycée Charlemagne, 1893–1908; Lycée Lakanal, 1908–1917; Lycée Louis-le-Grand, 1917–19).

Weitere Werke
 Montaigne, Paris 1895, Genf 1969
 (Hrsg.) Chefs-d'oeuvre poétiques de Marot, Ronsard, Du Bellay, d'Aubigné, Régnier, Paris 1897, 1912
 (Mit Henri Yvon) Cours complet de grammaire française [1.] Classes préparatoires, Paris  1914  [2.] Classes élémentaires, Paris 1914 [3.] Classes de grammaire et classes supérieures, Paris 1921,16. Auflage 1955 [4.] Classe de sixième, Paris 1926
 (Hrsg.) Blaise de Monluc, Commentaires, 2 Bde., Paris 1927
 Manuel d'analyse grammaticale et d'analyse logique conforme aux programmes de l'enseignement secondaire et de l'enseignement primaire, Paris 1928
 (mit Henri Yvon) La nomenclature grammaticale de 1910. Textes et commentaire, Paris  1929

Literatur
 Peter Lauwers, La description du français entre la tradition grammaticale et la modernité linguistique. Etude historiographique et épistémologique de la grammaire française entre 1907 et 1948, Löwen/Paris/Dudley 2004

Weblinks

 Cours complet de grammaire francaise. Lanusse, Jean Marie Maximien - Yvon, Henri, ctlf.ens-lyon.fr

Romanist
Franzose
Geboren 1853
Gestorben 1930
Mann

Maxime Lanusse


العَفْوُ من مكارم الأخلاق السامية، والعفو والتسامح خُلُقان كريمان تحتاجهما النفس البشرية لتتخلّص من كل الشوائب التي قد تعلق في القلب من أثر الأذى، وكذلك لينعم الأفراد بالخير والحب وانشراح الصدر، وهما إنّما يتحقّقان بطولِ صبر وكظمٍ للغيظ واحتساب الأجر، ولا ريب أنّ تغليب العفو والتسامح على العقاب ينجّي الأفراد من المنازعات الحادة التي قد تنشأ بينهم، إلّا إذا تمادى أصحاب الأذى مع كثرة العفو وتكرّر ظلمهم وإساءتهم؛ فيكون الإصلاح في هذه الحالة أولى من العفو والتسامح لدفع الضرر الحاصل.

والعفو لغة: مصدر عَفَا يَعْفُو عَفْوًا، فهو عافٍ وعَفُوٌّ، والعَفْوُ هو التجاوز عن الذنب وترك العقاب عليه، وأصله المـحو والطمس، وعفوتُ عن الحق أي أسقطته، كأنك محوته عن الذي عليه. وقال الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي: (وكلُّ مَن استحقَّ عُقوبةً فتركْتَه فقد عفوتَ عنه. وقد يكون أن يعفُوَ الإنسان عن الشَّيء بمعنى الترك، ولا يكون ذلك عن استحقاق).
والعَفْوُ اصطلاحًا: (هو التجاوز عن الذنب وترك العقاب).
وقيل: (هو القصد لتناول الشيء، والتجاوز عن الذنب).

 والصفح لغة: مصدر (صَفَحَ عنه يَصْفَح صَفْحًا: أَعرض عن ذنبه، وهو صَفُوح وصَفَّاحٌ عَفُوٌّ، والصَّفُوحُ الكريم؛ لأنه يَصْفَح عمن جَنى عليه).
وذكر بعض أهل العلم أن الصفح مشتق من صفحة العنق؛ لأنَّ الذي يصفح كأنه يولي بصفحة العنق، إعراضًا عن الإساءة.
والصفح اصطلاحا: (هو ترك التأنيب).
وقيل هو إزالة أثر الذنب من النفس.

الفرق بين العفو وغيره من المعاني

الفرق بين العفو والغفران
أن الغفران يقتضي إسقاط العقاب وإسقاط العقاب هو إيجاب الثواب فلا يستحق الغفران إلا المؤمن المستحق للثواب ولهذا لا يستعمل إلا في الله فيقال غفر الله لك ولا يقال غفر زيد لك إلا شاذا قليلا... والعفو يقتضي إسقاط اللوم والذم ولا يقتضي إيجاب الثواب ولهذا يستعمل في العبد فيقال عفا زيد عن عمرو وإذا عفا عنه لم يجب عليه إثابته.

الفرق بين العفو والصفح
(العفو والصفح متقاربان في المعنى،
وقال الراغب الأصفهاني: الصفح هو ترك التثريب، وهو أبلغ من العفو وقد يعفو الإنسان ولا يصفح.

وقال البيضاوي: العفو ترك عقوبة المذنب، والصفح هو ترك لومه.

ويدل عليه قوله تعالى: ((فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا)) [البقرة: 109]، ترقيًا في الأمر بمكارم الأخلاق من الحسن إلى الأحسن، ومن الفضل إلى الأفضل).

وقال القرطبي: (العفو هو ترك المؤاخذة بالذنب. والصفح: إزالة أثره من النفس. صفحت عن فلان إذا أعرضت عن ذنبه).

الفرق بين العفو والذُّلِّ
(أنَّ العفو إسقاط حقِّك جودًا، وكرمًا، وإحسانًا، مع قدرتك على الانتقام؛ فتؤثر الترك رغبة في الإحسان، ومكارم الأخلاق.

بخلاف «الـذُّل»، فإنَّ صاحبه يترك الانتقام عجزًا، وخوفًا، ومهانة نفس، فهذا مذموم غير محمود، ولعل المنتقم بالحق أحسن حالًا منه. قال تعالى: ((وَالَّذِينَ إِذَا أَصَابَهُمُ الْبَغْيُ هُمْ يَنْتَصِرُونَ)) [الشورى: 39]).

العفو والصفح في القرآن

 وقال تعالى:  [التغابن: 14].

(هذا تحذير من الله للمؤمنين، من الاغترار بالأزواج والأولاد، فإنَّ بعضهم عدو لكم، والعدو هو الذي يريد لك الشر، ووظيفتك الحذر ممن هذا وصفه والنفس مجبولة على محبة الأزواج والأولاد، فنصح تعالى عباده أن توجب لهم هذه المحبة الانقياد لمطالب الأزواج والأولاد، ولو كان فيها ما فيها من المحذور الشرعي ورغبهم في امتثال أوامره، وتقديم مرضاته بما عنده من الأجر العظيم المشتمل على المطالب العالية والمحاب الغالية، وأن يؤثروا الآخرة على الدنيا الفانية المنقضية، ولما كان النهي عن طاعة الأزواج والأولاد، فيما هو ضرر على العبد، والتحذير من ذلك، قد يوهم الغلظة عليهم وعقابهم، أمر تعالى بالحذر منهم، والصفح عنهم والعفو، فإنَّ في ذلك من المصالح ما لا يمكن حصره، فقال: ((وَإِنْ تَعْفُوا وَتَصْفَحُوا وَتَغْفِرُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ)) [التغابن: 14] لأنَّ الجزاء من جنس العمل.
فمن عفا عفا الله عنه، ومن صفح صفح الله عنه، ومن غفر غفر الله له، ومن عامل الله فيما يحب، وعامل عباده كما يحبون وينفعهم، نال محبة الله ومحبة عباده، واستوثق له أمره).

قال الطبري: (يَعْنِي جَلّ ثَنَاؤُهُ بِقَوْلِهِ: {فَاعْفُوا} فَتَجَاوَزُوا عَمَّا كَانَ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ إسَاءَة وَخَطَأ فِي رَأْي أَشَارُوا بِهِ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي دِينكُمْ، إرَادَة صَدّكُمْ عَنْهُ، وَمُحَاوَلَة ارْتِدَادكُمْ بَعْد إيمَانكُمْ وَعَمَّا سَلَف مِنْهُمْ مِنْ قَيْلهمْ لِنَبِيِّكُمْ : «اسْمَعْ غَيْر مُسْمَع وَرَاعِنَا لَيًّا بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ وَطَعْنًا فِي الدِّين»، {وَاصْفَحُوا} عَمَّا كَانَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ جَهِلَ فِي ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَأْتِي اللَّه بِأَمْرِهِ، فَيَحْدُث لَكُمْ مِنْ أَمْره فِيكُمْ مَا يَشَاء، وَيَقْضِي فِيهِمْ مَا يُرِيد. فَقَضَى فِيهِمْ تَعَالَى ذِكْره، وَأَتَى بِأَمْرِهِ، فَقَالَ لِنَبِيِّهِ  وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِهِ: {قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاَللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِر وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّه وَرَسُوله وَلَا يَدِينُونَ دِين الْحَقّ مِنْ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَاب حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَة عَنْ يَد وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ}. فَنَسَخَ اللَّه جَلّ ثَنَاؤُهُ الْعَفْو عَنْهُمْ وَالصَّفْح بِفَرْضِ قِتَالهمْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَتَّى تَصِير كَلِمَتهمْ وَكَلِمَة الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَاحِدَة، أَوْ يُؤَدُّوا الْجِزْيَة عَنْ يَد صِغَارًا).

 وقال تعالى:  [آل عمران: 133].

(قوله تعالى: «وَالْعَافِينَ عَنِ النَّاسِ» يدخل في العفو عن الناس، العفو عن كلِّ من أساء إليك بقول أو فعل، والعفو أبلغ من الكظم؛ لأنَّ العفو ترك المؤاخذة مع السماحة عن المسيء، وهذا إنما يكون ممن تحلَّى بالأخلاق الجميلة، وتخلَّى عن الأخلاق الرذيلة، وممن تاجر مع الله، وعفا عن عباد الله رحمة بهم، وإحسانًا إليهم، وكراهة لحصول الشرِّ عليهم، وليعفو الله عنه، ويكون أجره على ربه الكريم، لا على العبد الفقير، كما قال تعالى: «فَمَنْ عَفَا وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ» [الشورى: 40]).

العفو والصفح في السنة

 وعن عبد الله بن عمر -- قال: (جاء رجل إلى النبي  فقال: يا رسول الله! كم نعفو عن الخادم؟ فصمت! ثم أعاد عليه الكلام، فصمت! فلما كان في الثالثة، قال: «اعفوا عنه في كل يوم سبعين مرة»)

العفو والصفح في سيرة النبي

 عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت:

"ما ضرب رسول الله  شيئًا قط بيده، ولا امرأةً ولا خادمًا إلا أن يجاهد في سبيل الله، وما نيل منه شيء قط فينتقم من صاحبه، إلا أن ينتهك شيء من محارم الله تعالى، فينتقم لله عزَّ وجلَّ".
 وكان  يقابل أذى أهل الشرك بالصفح الجميل، وهو الصفح الذي لا يكون مقرونًا بغضب أو كبر أو تذمر من المواقف المؤلمة، كما أدَّبه الله تعالى. حيث قال:  [الزخرف:89]
 ولقد لقي رسول الله  من يهود المدينة أنواعًا من الخيانة فأنزل الله عليه قوله:  [المائدة: 13]، فصبر الرسول  عليهم وعفا وصفح، حتى جاء الإذن الرباني بإجلائهم، ومعاقبة ناقضي العهد منهم).
 وعن عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص  واصفًا النبي : ((...ولا يَدفَعُ السيئةَ بالسيئةِ، ولكن يعفو ويَصفَحُ)).
 وعن أسامة بن زيد  قال: ((كان رسول الله  وأصحابه يعفون عن المشركين وأهل الكتاب، كما أمرهم الله ويصبرون على الأذى. قال الله -تعالى-: «وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ..» [آل عمران: 186] وقال: «وَدَّ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ..» [البقرة: 109]، فكان رسول الله  يتأول في العفو عنهم ما أمر الله به...)).
 عفوه  عن أهل مكة يوم فتح مكة برغم الأذى والاعتداء الذي لقيه منهم:
((لما فتح رسول الله  مكة دخل البيت، فصلى بين الساريتين، ثم وضع يديه على عضادتي الباب، فقال: لا إله إلا الله وحده ماذا تقولون، وماذا تظنون؟ قالوا: نقول خيرًا، ونظن خيرًا: أخ كريم، وابن أخ، وقد قدرت، قال: فإني أقول لكم كما قال أخي يوسف : لَا تَثْرِيبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْيَوْمَ يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِين [يوسف:92])).

 عفوه  عن أهل ثقيف:
فعن عروة بن الزبير أن عائشة زوج النبي  حدثته أنها قالت لرسول الله : يا رسول الله، هل أتى عليك يوم كان أشد من يوم أُحد فقال: ((لقد لقيت من قومك، وكان أشد ما لقيت منهم يوم العقبة، إذ عرضت نفسي على ابن عبد يَالِيلَ بن عبد كُلال فلم يجبني إلى ما أردت، فانطلقت وأنا مهموم على وجهي، فلم أستفق إلا بقرن الثعالب، فرفعت رأسي فإذا أنا بسحابة قد أظلتني، فنظرت فإذا فيها جبريل فناداني، فقال: إنَّ الله عز وجل قد سمع قول قومك لك وما ردوا عليك، وقد بعث إليك ملك الجبال؛ لتأمره بما شئت فيهم، قال: فناداني ملك الجبال وسلَّم عليَّ، ثم قال: يا محمد، إنَّ الله قد سمع قول قومك لك، وأنا ملك الجبال، وقد بعثني ربك إليك لتأمرني بأمرك، فما شئت؟ إن شئت أن أُطبق عليهم الأخشبين، فقال له رسول الله : بل أرجو أن يخرج الله من أصلابهم من يعبد الله وحده لا يشرك به شيئًا)).

أقوال مأثورة عن العفو
- قال معاوية : (عليكم بالحلم والاحتمال حتى تمكنكم الفرصة، فإذا أمكنتكم فعليكم بالصفح والإفضال).

- عن سعيد بن المسيب  قال: (ما من شيء إلا والله يحب أن يعفى عنه، ما لم يكن حدًّا).

وقيل لأبي الدرداء: مَن أعزُّ الناس؟ فقال: (الذين يعفون إذا قدروا؛ فاعفوا يعزكم الله تعالى)}}

- وعن الحسن  قال: (أفضل أخلاق المؤمن العفو).

- وقال الفضيل بن عياض :
(إذا أتاك رجلٌ يشكو إليك رجلًا فقل يا أخي، اعفُ عنه فإن العفو أقرب للتقوى، فإن قال لا يحتمِل قلبي العفوَ، ولكن أنتصر كما أمرَني الله عزَّ وجل فقل له إن كنتَ تُحسِن أن تنتَصِر، وإلا فارجع إلى باب العفو فإنه باب واسع، فإنَّه مَن عفَا وأصلحَ فأجره على الله، وصاحِبُ العفو ينام على فراشه بالليل وصاحب الانتصار يقلِّب الأمور لأن الفُتُوَّة هي العفوُ عن الإخوان).

- (وجلس عبد الله بن مسعود في السوق يبتاع طعامًا فابتاع، ثم طلب الدراهم وكانت في عمامته فوجدها قد حلت، فقال: لقد جلست وإنها لمعي، فجعلوا يدعون على من أخذها ويقولون: اللهم اقطع يد السارق الذي أخذها، اللهم افعل به كذا، فقال عبد الله: اللهم إن كان حمله على أخذها حاجة فبارك له فيها، وإن كان حملته جراءة على الذنب فاجعله آخر ذنوبه).

- وقال مالك بن دينار: (أتينا منزل الحكم بن أيوب ليلًا وهو على البصرة أمير، وجاء الحسن، وهو خائف فدخلنا معه عليه، فما كنا مع الحسن إلا بمنزلة الفراريج، فذكر الحسن قصة يوسف  وما صنع به إخوته، فقال: باعوا أخاهم وأحزنوا أباهم، وذكر ما لقي من كيد النساء ومن الحبس، ثم قال: أيها الأمير، ماذا صنع الله به؟ أداله منهم، ورفع ذكره، وأعلى كلمته، وجعله على خزائن الأرض، فماذا صنع يوسف حين أكمل الله له أمره وجمع له أهله؟ قال: ((لَا تَثْرِيبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْيَوْمَ يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ)) [يوسف: 92]، يعرض للحكم بالعفو عن أصحابه، قال الحكم: فأنا أقول لا تثريب عليكم اليوم، ولو لم أجد إلا ثوبي هذا لواريتكم تحته).

محاسن وفوائد العفو
1- في العفو توثيق للروابط الاجتماعية التي تتعرض إلى الوهن والانفصام بسبب إساءة بعضهم إلى بعض، وجناية بعضهم على بعض.

2- الرحمة بالمسيء، وتقدير لجانب ضعفه البشري، وامتثال لأمر الله، وطلب لعفوه وغفرانه.

3- سبب لنيل عفو الله وصفحه ورضوانه:

قال تعالى: ((وَلْيَعْفُوا وَلْيَصْفَحُوا ۗ أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَن يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ)) ~[النور:22]

4- سبب لتحقق صفة تقوى الله:

قال تعالى: ((وَأَنْ تَعْفُوا أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى وَلَا تَنْسَوُا الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَكُم))[البقرة: 237].

5- العفو من صفات المحسنين المتقين الذين وعدهم الله بالمغفرة والجنة:

قال تعالى: ((وَسَارِعُوا إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ فِي السَّرَّاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ وَالْكَاظِمِينَ الْغَيْظَ وَالْعَافِينَ عَنِ النَّاسِ وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ)) [آل عمران: 133، 134].

6- سبب لنيل العزة:

قال : ((.. وما زاد الله عبدًا بعفو إلا عزًّا..)).

9- الطمأنينة، والسكينة، وشرف النفس.

المراجع

أخلاق إسلامية
أخلاقيات اجتماعية

عفو


Tænkning er de bevidste processer, der vedvarende foregår i menneskers psyke. Tænkning er en del af kognitionen og vedrører primært processer relaterede til hukommelse, forestillinger og bearbejdning og forståelse af sindsindtryk. Tænkning behandler den information, der absorberes af mennesker og løser problemer og træffer beslutninger. Hvor perception handler om sanse- eller sindsindtryk, handler tænkning om forståelsen og den bevidste bearbejdning og lagring af disse indtryk, en proces der involverer de individuelle erfaringer og kundskaber.

Tænkning har differentierede betydninger, Det kan både referere til idéerne eller bearbejdelse af de idéer, som er resultater af tænkning, handlingen at producere tanker, eller processen at producere tanker. Selvom tanker indgår i en fundamental menneskelig aktivitet, der er fælles for alle, er der ikke en generel accepteret enighed om, hvad tanker er, eller hvordan tanker skabes. Analyser af hjernens funktioner kan derfor ikke stå alene, når tankeprocesser analyseres.

For det meste er mennesker mere bevidste om tænkningens resultat end om selve den tankeproces, der har ledt frem til resultatet. Begreber, der beskriver tilsvarende processer er kognition, idé og fantasi. Tænkning kan deles op i blandt andet konvergerende og divergerende og tænkning. Konvergerende tænkning er den klassiske model, som ad logisk og rationel vej fokuserer på at finde den bedste løsning på et problem. Den divergerende tænkning fokuserer derimod på at finde forskellige måder til at løse et problem.

Den kognitive pyramide
Tænkning kan opdeles i forskellige lag, som bl.a. kan illustreres som en pyramide. Det nederste lag er vågenhed, det næste er opmærksomhed på en problemstilling, herefter følger hukommelse, indlæring og øverst styring (strukturering)

Tænkning er beslægtet med:
 Deduktion
 induktion
 Problemløsning
 Beslutningstagen

Noter

Kilder/referencer

Filosofi
Antagelse
Uløste problemer indenfor neurovidenskab

Tænkning


ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දිගාමඬුල්ල (අම්පාර) දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පිහිටි, වංශකතාවන්හී දිඝන්ඛ් හෙවත් දිඝානක ලෙසින් හදුන්වා ඇති දීඝවාපිය පුදබිම ක්‍රි.පූ. 3 වැනි සියවස දක්වා දිවෙන ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන පුරාවිද්‍යාත්මක වටිනාකමෙන් යුතු බෞද්ධ සිද්ධස්ථානයක් වේ. පාලි සහ සංස්කෘත වදන් වදනින් දීඝ යනු 'දිග' සහ වාපි යනු 'ජලාශ'ය යන්න වේ.

ඉතිහාසය
දීඝවාපිය සම්බන්ධ ඉතිහාසමය තොරතුරු 5 වැනි සියවසේ ලියන ලද පුරාණ වංශ කථාවක් වු මහාවංශයේද ඊට කළින් ලියන ලද ථුපවංශයේද, පරම්පරා ගත කථා සහ අනෙකුත් ඓතිහාසික විස්තරයන්හී දැකගත හැකිවේ. මහාවංශයට අනූව දීඝවාපිය වෙත බුදුන් වහන්සේ වැඩි බවත් උන්වහන්සේ භාවනානුයෝගීව වැඩ සිටි ස්ථානයේ පසුකාලීනව චෛත්‍යක් ඉදිවූ බවත් සදහන් වේ. මීට අමතරව දීපවංශය සහ තවත් වැදගත් පාලි ලේඛණයක් වු සමන්ත පාසාදිකාවේද දීඝවාපිය ගැන සදහන් කෙරුනු අවස්ථා පවතී. මෙම වංශ කථා වල සදහන් වන්නේ එම ප්‍රදේශයේ මුල් පදිංචි කරුවන් 'යක්ෂ' නමින් හැදින්වුණු බවයි.

දුටුගැමුණුගේ පියා වු කාවන්තිස්සගේ රාජ්‍ය සමයේදී මෙම ප්‍රදේශය රුහුණු රාජධානියේ කොටසක්ව තිබුණු බවට ඓතිහාසික ශිලා ලේඛණ ගත කරුණු තිබේ. ක්‍රි.පු. 3 වැනි සියවසේදී මෙම ප්‍රදේහය දිගාමඩුල්ල දිස්ත්‍රික්කය හෝ දිගාමඩුල්ල ලෙස හැදින්විණි. දුටුගැමුණුගේ සහෝදරයා වු තිස්ස ඔහුගේ නියෝගය මත මෙම ප්‍රදේශය පාලනය කර ඇත. තිස්ස නැවතත් තම සහෝදරයා (ගැමුණු සමග මිතුරු වු පසු දිගාමඩුල්ල දිස්ත්‍රික්කය හා දීඝවාපිය බලාගැනීමට ආපසු ය‍වන ලදී. පිහිටි රට (දළ වශයෙන් දැනට උතුරු පළාත) ජයග්‍රහණය කිරීමෙන් පසු තිස්ස නැවත වරක් දීඝවාපියේ පාලකයා විය. මහාවංශයට අනුව දීඝවාපි දාගැබ කරවා ඇත්තේ සද්ධාතිස්ස රජු විසින් වේ.

දීඝවාපියෙහි වැදගත්කම ඒ ප්‍රදේශයට බුදුන් වැඩීම හා සම්බන්ධ පුරාවෘතවලින් ද පාලි සාහිත්‍යයේ මෙන්ම වංශකථාවලින් හෙලිවන සුළු කරුණුවලින් ද පැහැදිලි වේ. ප්‍රදේශයේ දේශපාලනික ඉතිහාසය පිලිබද වැදගත් කාර්ය භාර්යයක් ද දීඝවාපියෙන් කර ඇත. මෑත කාලයේ සිංහල රජවරු එම ප්‍රදේශයේ මුස්ලිම්වරු සහ බර්ගර්වරු පදිංචි කරවා ඇත.

මධ්‍යකාලීන - ලන්දේසි හා මුස්ලිම් පදිංචිකරුවන්
දීඝවාපී විහාරය සහ චෛත්‍යයට දිගින් දිගමට රාජ්‍ය අනුග්‍රහය ලැබුණි. එමෙන්ම මුලින්ම  ඉතාම දුෂ්කර කාලයන් තුල පවා නොකඩවා වන්දනා කරුවන් පැමිණියහ. 1638 දී 11 රාජසිංහ  රජු දීඝවාපිය අවට සිට වෙරළ දක්වා ප්‍රදේශය ලන්දේසිට පවරා දුන්නේය. මෙසේ කරන ලද්දේ එවකට පෘතුගිසීන් විසින් අල්ලා ගෙන සිටි වෙරළ බඩ බිම් තිරු  වලින්  ඔවුන් ඉවත් කිරීමේ අරමුණේහි ලන්දේසි පෙරදිග ඉන්දියා  වෙළද සමාගම කුරුදු සහ වෙනත්  වාණිජ නිෂ්පාදන වල වෙළද අයිතියද ලබාගනී. ක්‍රි.ව. 1640 වන විට ලන්දේසිහු  ත්‍රිකුණාමලය සහ මඩකලපුව පෘතුගිසීන්ගෙන් අත්පත් කර ගත්හ. පෘතුගිසින් සමග කළ යුද්ධය සදහා වන්දි ඉල්ලමින්  එම මුහුදුබඩ ප්‍රදේශ සිංහල පාලනයට පවරා දීම ලන්දේසීන් ඉටු නොකළහ. එම ප්‍රදේශයේ ලන්දේසි පදිංචි කරුවන්ගෙන් පැවත එන්නක් අදත් එහි වාසය කරති.

එම ප්‍රදේශයට තවත් මහජන ආගමනයක් සිදු වුයේ ක්‍රි.ව. 1736 දීය. මඩකලපුවේ දැනට සිටින මුස්ලිම් වරුන් පවත එන්නේ 1726 දී සෙනරත් රජු විසින් අම්පාර දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ (දීඝවාපිය අවට ප්‍රදේශයේ පදිංචි කරවනු ලැබු මුස්ලිම් අනාථයින්ගෙනි. ඔවුන් නිරිත දිග පෙදෙසෙහි එම ප්‍රදේශයට පලවා හරින ලද්දේ පෘතුගිසීන් විසිනි.

වර්තමාන යුගය
අද දීඝවාපිය ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් මුස්ලිම් බලය ඇති ප්‍රදේශයක් බවට පත්වී ඇත. මුස්ලිම්වරු දෙමළ භාෂාව කථාකරන පිරිසක් නිවසේදී ඔවුන්  සිංහල භාෂාවද හොදින් හසුරුවති. ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් 20 වන සියවසේ දී හින්දු -  දෙමළ ජනතාවගේ වර්ධනය වී ඇත. අම්පාර දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ සහ නැගෙනහිර පළාතේ වැඩි කාටසක ආණ්ඩුව හා එල්.ටී.ටී.ය අතර ඇදී යන යුද්ධයක් පවතී. එල්.ටී.ටී.ය කියන්නේ ඔවුනගේ මාතෘ භූමියේ කොටසක් බවත් 2007 සිට මෙම ප්‍රදේශය එල්.ටී.ටී.ය ගෙන් මුදා ගෙන ඇත. කෙසේ වෙතත්  දීඝවාපිය අදද තර්ජනයට පාත්‍ර වී ඇති ප්‍රදේශයක් බොහෝ දෙනා බලයෙන් ඉඩම් අයිති කරගෙන එම ප්‍රදේශයේ පදිංචි වී සිටිති. ඔවුහු එහි ඉතිහාසය ගැන තැකීමක් නෙකෙරති. සංචාරක ව්‍යාපාරය උසස් මට්ටමකින් පවත්වාගෙන යාමට ඇති ඉඩකඩ මෙතෙක් ප්‍රයෝජනයට ගෙන නැත. ප්‍රයෝජනයට ගත්තද එසේ කළ යුත්තේ ඓතිහාසික වටිනාකම විනාශ නොකරමිනි. පුරාවිද්‍යා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව  දැනට විද්‍යාත්මක වටිනාකම් ඇති ප්‍රදේශ 35 ක් දීඝවාපියෙන් හදුනාගෙන ඇත. පුරාවිද්‍යා වටිනාකම් වලින් යුත් ප්‍රදේශ අඩු ගණයේ වර්ග කිලෝමීටර් 42 කි.

නටඹුන්
මෙම ස්ථානයේ තිබෙන විශේෂම ඉදිකිරිම වන දාගැබ සිමාවේ සිට සැතපුම් 1\2 පමණ දුරකට නටබුන් විසිරි තිබෙන බවට හදුනාගැනීමට හැකිවේ. ස්ථුපය රුහුණු රාජදානිය ආශ්‍රිතව පවතී විශාල පරිමාණයේ දාගැබක් ලෙස සලකනු ලැබේ. එසේම මෙම ස්ථානය ආශිතව කරන ලද කැණීම වලින් ස්ථුපය ප්‍රකාර බැමි 2 යුක්තව කරන ලද බවට තහවුරු කොට තිබේ. වාහල්කඩ නිර්මාණයද මෙම ස්ථුපය ආශ්‍රිතව හදුනා ගත හැකිය. දාගැබ් භූමියෙන් හමුවී ඇති කුඩා ධාතු කරඩු වලට අනුව මෙම දාගැබද, මුල් කාලයේ ඡත්‍රාවලිය සහිතව නිර්මාණය වුවක් වුවත් ක්‍රි.ව.8-9 සියවස් වන විට කොත්කැරැල්ල සහිතව එය නැවත ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණය වී ඇතිබව පැහැදිලි වේ.

ස්ථුපය අවට භුමියේ ගොඩනැගිලි විශාල ප්‍රමාණයක සාක්ෂි පෙන්නුම් කරන පාදම් කොටස්, ගල්කණු සහිත ස්ථාන දක්නට ලැබේ. ඒ අතර පිළිම ගෙවල් පිළිබද සාක්ෂි, අවට කුටි සම්බන්ද සාක්ෂි ප්‍රධාන වේ. බෝධිඝරයක් පිළිබද නටබුන් ද හදුනා ගත හැකිය. දාගැබ් පරිශ්‍රයට නැගෙනහිර දෙසින් ඉපැරණි රෝහලක් පවතී බවටද සාක්ෂි පවතී. එහි වූ බෙහෙත් ඔරුවක සාධක වර්තමානයේදීද දැක ගත හැකි වේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

බාහිර සබැඳි

අම්පාර දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ බෞද්ධ සිද්ධස්ථාන
අම්පාර දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පුරාවිද්‍යා ආරක්‍ෂිත ස්මාරක

දීඝවාපී


In rhetoric, an argumentum ad captandum, "for capturing" the gullibility of the naïve among the listeners or readers, is an unsound, specious argument designed to appeal to the emotions rather than to the mind. It is used to describe "claptrap or meretricious attempts to catch popular favor or applause."

The longer form of the term is ad captandum vulgus (Latin, "to ensnare the vulgar" or "to captivate the masses"); the shorter and longer versions of the phrase are synonymous. The word "vulgus" in Latin meant the common people, the multitude; it was also sometimes used contemptuously to imply a rabble or a mob.

The ad captandum approach is commonly seen in political speech, advertising, and popular entertainment. The classic example of something ad captandum vulgus was the "bread and circuses" by which the Roman emperors maintained the support of the people of Rome.

See also
 Appeal to emotion
 Argumentum ad populum
 Captatio benevolentiae
 For the children (politics)
 Glittering generality
 If-by-whiskey
 Loaded language
 No true Scotsman

References

Rhetorical techniques
Latin logical phrases
Latin words and phrases
Informal fallacies
Appeals to emotion

Argumentum ad captandum


Cliff Curtis (n. 27 iulie 1968, Rotorua, Bay of Plenty) este un actor neozeelandez.

Biografie

Filmografie

Filme

TV

Note

Legături externe

 Cliff Curtis on NZ On Screen
 Slate video showing Curtis playing several ethnicities and nationalities

Actori neozeelandezi
Nașteri în 1968

Cliff Curtis


අව අටවක, යනු චන්ද්‍ර මාසයක අව පක්‍ෂයේ වන තිථියක් වෙයි. එසේම එය සතර පොහොයෙන් එක දිනයක්
ද වෙයි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

සිංහල මාස
චන්ද්‍ර මාසයක අව පක්‍ෂයේ දින

අව අටවක


USS White Plains (CVE-66) was a Casablanca-class escort carrier of the United States Navy.  She was named after the 1776 Battle of White Plains.

She was laid down on 11 February 1943 at Vancouver, Washington, by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Inc., under a Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 1103) as Elbour Bay (ACV-66); renamed White Plains on 3 April 1943; redesignated CVE-66 on 15 July 1943; launched on 27 September 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Marc A. Mitscher; delivered to the Navy on 15 November 1943 at Astoria, Oregon; and commissioned that same day, Captain Oscar A. Weller in command.

Service history

World War II
The USS White Plains completed her outfitting at Astoria, Oregon, on 4 December 1943, and then she began shakedown training on 8 December. At the conclusion of her initial cruise, the warship entered San Diego on 21 December. On 30 December, she returned to sea, bound for the Gilbert Islands. She arrived at Tarawa Atoll on 11 January 1944 and unloaded the aircraft she had transported. On 17 January, the ship headed back to Oahu, arriving in Pearl Harbor six days later. Following a four-day turnaround period, the White Plains again set course for the Central Pacific to provide aircraft logistics support for the Marshall Islands operation. By the time she reached Tarawa on 3 February, the undefended Majuro Atoll had been occupied, and the Japanese garrison at Kwajalein Atoll had been all but subdued. On the next day, she got underway for Majuro where she arrived on 5 February. From there, the escort carrier moved on to Kwajalein for a brief visit before heading back to Hawaii. The White Plains stopped briefly at Oahu before continuing on toward the West Coast on 23 February. She arrived at Alameda, California, on San Francisco Bay on 3 March.

While off the West Coast, the White Plains conducted operational training for her own ship's company and carrier qualifications for three air squadrons. In April, she embarked her own permanently assigned air unit, Composite Squadron 4 (VC-4), composed of 16 Grumman F4F Wildcat fighters and 12 Grumman TBM Avenger torpedo planes. She departed the West Coast from the San Diego Naval Base on 24 April, and she arrived at Pearl Harbor on 1 May. During the next month, the White Plains conducted air operations and amphibious support training out of Pearl Harbor.

At the end of May, the White Plains steamed out of port in company with units of the Task Forces assembled to invade the Mariana Islands. The portion of the Fleet containing the White Plains  sortied from Eniwetok Atoll, and during the voyage from there to the Marianas, her aircraft provided antisubmarine warfare patrols and part of the combat air patrol. During the assault on Saipan, her planes continued to cover the Fleet against submarine and air attack, strafed the beaches, and spotted shellfire for gunfire support ships. They helped repulse at least three major enemy air attacks. On 17 June, while helping to fight off those raids, her antiaircraft gunners earned their first definite kill. Later, VC-4 Avengers successfully torpedoed an enemy transport during a sweep of the island of Rota.

The USS White Plains departed the combat zone on 2 July but, after a week at Eniwetok, returned to the Marianas with her air squadron upgraded to a total of 28 aircraft. During her second tour of duty in the Marianas, the escort carrier supported the Tinian assault late in July. Her planes carried out sortie after sortie in support of the troops ashore and over the ships assembled, but the White Plains herself suffered no enemy attacks. Her heavy flight schedule proved grueling to air squadron and ship's company alike.

She completed her participation during the first week in August and departed the Marianas and headed for Espiritu Santo in the New Hebrides. She arrived in Segond Channel on 16 August and began preparations for the invasion of the Palau Islands. Those preparations included amphibious support training in the Solomon Islands. The White Plains and ten other aircraft carriers moved into the vicinity of the Palaus during the second week of September. Their planes provided a portion of the prelanding bombardment and support for the troops after the assault on 15 September. In contrast to the Marianas campaign and later operations, the Palaus, though extremely difficult on the troops ashore, brought little opposition to the ships in the waters surrounding the islands. No enemy air attacks developed because the Japanese were husbanding their aircraft for the defense of the Philippines, and as a result of Japan's new strategic concept of defense in depth at some distance from the beaches, few shore batteries were sited near enough to the coast to fire upon ships. On 21 September, the White Plains joined the forces detached from the Palau operation for the occupation of Ulithi Atoll, which to everyone's relief, was undefended.

Battle of Leyte Gulf

In October 1944, after repairs at the naval base at Manus Island in the Admiralty Islands, USS White Plains headed for the invasion of the Philippines at Leyte. The initial assault went forward on 20 October. Aircraft from White Plains provided air support for the troops and ASW and combat air patrols for the ships assembled in Leyte Gulf. However, because of the strategic importance of the Philippines which lay athwart their lines of communication with the East Indies, the Japanese chose to oppose the landings with their surface fleet. They launched their surface counterattack in three distinct phases. While a decoy force of carriers under Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa moved south from Japan in an attempt to draw off Halsey's Third Fleet and the large carriers, the forces under Vice Admirals Shōji Nishimura and Kiyohide Shima attempted to force the Surigao Strait from the south, and Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita's Center Force tried to sneak through the Central Philippines and transit the hopefully unguarded San Bernardino Strait. The Center Force, by far the strongest of the enemy fleets involved, consisted of five battleships - including the huge superbattleships  and  - 11 heavy cruisers, two light cruisers, and 19 destroyers. By the time Kurita's Center Force cleared the San Bernardino Strait on 25 October, it had been reduced by four heavy cruisers and the battleship Musashi. Three heavy cruisers had fallen prey to American submarine attacks in the Palawan Passage on 23 October, and Musashi and  succumbed to Task Force 38's air attacks in the Sibuyan Sea on the following day. Musashi sank there, and Myōkō headed back to Brunei Bay, heavily damaged. In addition, on the night of 24 October and 25 October, Vice Admiral Oldendorf's old battleships in Leyte Gulf obliterated Nishimura's force and sent Shima's packing.

In the meantime, after Admiral Halsey received information indicating that a battered Center Force had begun retirement, Ozawa's decoy force finally managed to draw the American carriers off to the north. However, Kurita's retrograde movement proved to be only temporary, and he once again reversed course and headed back toward San Bernardino Strait. With Oldendorf regrouping his warships in Leyte Gulf and Halsey off chasing the Japanese Navy's aircraft carriers, only three Task Groups—composed of escort carriers, destroyers, and destroyer escorts—remained off Samar island between Kurita and Leyte Gulf. USS White Plains was an element of "Taffy 3," the northmost of the three Task Groups, and the one which bore the brunt of Kurita's surface onslaught. "Taffy 3", commanded by Rear Admiral Clifton Sprague, first learned of Kurita's presence when, at 0637, a pilot on routine air patrol spotted Kurita's task force and attacked it with depth charges. Rear Admiral Sprague was incredulous about the presence of the Japanese Navy, and he demanded identification verification—which came, disconcertingly enough, when the enemy battleships' pagoda-style masts loomed over the horizon.

Yamato opened fire at 0659 at an estimated range of 34,500 yards (17 nautical miles), targeting White Plains with her first four salvoes. Yamatos third salvo was a close straddle landing at 07:04. One shell from this salvo exploded beneath the turn of White Plains port bilge near frame 142, near her aft (starboard) engine room.  While the ship was not struck directly, the mining effect of the under-keel explosion severely damaged her hull, deranged her starboard machinery and tripped all of the circuit breakers in her electrical network.  Prompt and effective damage control restored power and communications within three minutes and she was able to remain in formation by overspeeding her port engine to compensate.  The black smoke resulting from the sudden loss of boiler intake air pressure convinced Yamato and Nagato (which was also firing her main battery at White Plains at the time) that they had scored a direct hit and they shifted fire to other targets.   For the next two and one-half hours, the Japanese force chased "Taffy 3" southward and subjected the escort carriers and their counterattacking screen to a  heavy-caliber cannonade. The aircraft carriers' warplanes fought back, even making dummy runs on the Japanese ships to slow the ships' speed of advance after expending all their bombs, torpedoes, and ammunition. During their counterattacks, , , and  were sunk by gunfire. Later,  was sunk by gunfire as well, while , , , and  suffered heavy damage.

During the surface phase of the action White Plainss 5-inch gun crew claimed six hits on heavy cruiser . It was initially believed that one of these hits caused the Chokai's Type 93 "Long Lance" torpedoes to explode, crippling Chōkai and making it vulnerable to air attack. However, the 2019 discovery by the RV Petrel of the wreck of the Chōkai with her torpedoes intact disproved this theory. Chōkai was later sunk by planes from , an escort carrier of Taffy 2. 's detailed action report states that Chokais immobilizing damage resulted from a bomb hit at 0851.

The Japanese surface force broke off its pursuit from 0912–0917 hours, and after milling around in apparent confusion for a time, retired northward to San Bernardino Strait. The retreat by Kurita's surface force, however, did not end the ordeal for White Plains and her fellow warships. After a 90-minute respite, they suffered harassment from a different quarter. At 1050 hours, a formation of nine Japanese Navy Zeke fighters appeared and began simultaneous kamikaze attacks. Two of them singled out White Plains as their victim. Her antiaircraft gunners responded, hitting one of the intruders, which immediately changed course and crashed into , which eventually sank. The other aircraft continued on toward White Plains, but her antiaircraft guns finally brought him down yards astern, scattering debris all over the ship's deck and sides, but causing only 11 relatively minor casualties. In the meantime,  and USS Kalinin Bay also suffered from kamikaze crashes, but neither of these proved to be fatal to the carriers. That attack proved to be the final combat action of USS White Plains. She steamed to the naval base at Manus with the other surviving carriers, arriving on 31 October. After an inspection of the damage, it was decided that the battered escort carrier should return to the United States for complete repairs. Accordingly, she departed from Manus on 6 November and headed to the West Coast, arriving at San Diego Harbor on 27 November; repairs began immediately.

Ready for action once more, USS White Plains steamed out of San Diego on 19 January 1945. However, concern about the lingering effects of the hull and machinery damage suffered at Samar kept her off the front lines and she was assigned to ferrying replacement aircraft from their factories in the United States to bases in the western Pacific for the remainder of the war. During the last months of the war, White Plains visited Kwajalein, Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura), Ulithi, Saipan, Guam, Leyte, and Pearl Harbor. All had been scenes of major combat actions in the past, but by this time they had become rear areas. The closest approach to the fighting by White Plains after the Battle off Samar came just after the amphibious landings on Okinawa in April 1945, when she steamed to within 100 miles of the island to launch two squadrons of Marine Corps F4U Corsair fighter planes for duty from air bases on that large island.

Post-War
The end of hostilities in mid-August found the USS White Plains en route from Pearl Harbor to the West Coast. She arrived at San Pedro, California, on 22 August but soon moved to San Diego. From there, she headed back to the Western Pacific on 6 September to begin Operation Magic Carpet duty bringing American fighting men home from the Pacific Theater. Twenty days later, she arrived in Buckner Bay, Okinawa, where she embarked more than 800 passengers for the voyage to the United States. On 28 September, she pointed her bow eastward and set a course, via Pearl Harbor, for San Diego. The White Plains entered San Diego Harbor on 16 October and disembarked her passengers. After nine days in port, she got underway for Pearl Harbor and stopped there only briefly on 1 November before setting out on the return voyage to the West Coast. The warship visited San Francisco for five days from 7 to 12 November and then headed across the Pacific once more. She entered port at Guam in the Marianas on 27 November, embarked passengers, and then began the return voyage on 30 November. White Plains arrived in Seattle, Washington, on 14 December 1945. She remained there until 30 January 1946, when she embarked upon the voyage, via the Panama Canal and Norfolk, Virginia, to Boston, Massachusetts. The White Plains entered Boston Harbor on 17 February 1946, and then began preparations for decommissioning.

The USS White Plains was decommissioned on 10 July 1946 and was berthed with the Atlantic Reserve Fleet, Boston. She remained with the reserve fleet for 12 years. On 12 June 1955, she was redesignated a utility aircraft carrier (CVU-66). Finally, her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 July 1958. She was sold on 29 July to the Hyman Michaels Company, of Chicago for scrapping.

Awards
White Plains earned five battle stars during World War II, as well as the Presidential Unit Citation and Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation for her part in the Battle off Samar.

References

Casablanca-class escort carriers
World War II escort aircraft carriers of the United States
Ships built in Vancouver, Washington
1943 ships
S4-S2-BB3 ships

USS White Plains (CVE-66)


En blue chip er en aktie i et stort, stabilt og veldrevet selskab. I Danmark er blue chips aktierne i OMX C25-selskaber, mens det i USA og England vil være aktier i selskaber, som er med i henholdsvis Dow Jones-indekset (DJIA) og FTSE 100-indekset.

Aktiemarked

Blue-chip


Sohlberg steht für:

 Sohlberg (Lautenbach), Ortsteil der Gemeinde Lautenbach (Ortenaukreis) in Baden-Württemberg, Deutschland

Sohlberg ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 David Sohlberg (1924–2012), schweizerisch-israelischer Althistoriker
 Harald Sohlberg (1869–1935), norwegischer Maler
 Kristian Sohlberg (* 1978), finnischer Rallyefahrer

Siehe auch:
 Solberg (Begriffsklärung)
 Sollberg

Sohlberg


La Copa del Generalísimo de Fútbol de 1948 fue la edición número 44 de la competición de Copa en España. La conquistó el Sevilla FC, en lo que fue su tercer título copero. Se disputó desde el 14 de septiembre de 1947 hasta el 4 de julio de 1948. Los participantes fueron:
 Los 14 equipos de Primera División: los 6 últimos intervienen a partir de la Quinta Ronda, mientras que los 8 primeros lo hacen en 1/8 Final.
 los 14 de Segunda División: intervienen a partir de la Quinta Ronda.
 Los 112 equipos de Tercera División.

Primera Ronda

Esta primera ronda se jugó el 14 de septiembre con los equipos de Tercera División a partido único en el terreno del equipo que figura en primer lugar. Los partidos de desempate se jugaron el 16 de septiembre.

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(1) Se disputó un partido de desempate el 16 de septiembre en La Felguera.

(2) Se disputó un partido de desempate el 16 de septiembre en Elche.

Segunda Ronda

La segunda ronda se jugó el 19 de octubre con los equipos de Tercera División a partido único en el terreno del equipo que figura en primer lugar.

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(1) UD San Martín fue descalificado posteriormente, por lo que Igualada CF se clasificó pese a haber perdido la eliminatoria.

(2) Partido de desempate disputado en Antequera (21-10-1947).

Tercera Ronda

Esta tercera ronda se jugó el 28 de diciembre con los equipos de Tercera División a partido único en el terreno del equipo que figura en primer lugar.

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(1) Se disputó un partido de desempate en Zaragoza el 1 de enero de 1948.

Cuarta Ronda

Esta caurta ronda se jugó el 21 de marzo con los equipos de Tercera División a partido único en el terreno del equipo que figura en primer lugar. Los partidos Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa - Círculo Popular, CD Toledo - Real Ávila CF y el Real Betis Balompié - CD Badajoz se disputaron el 19 de marzo y el UD Sans - CD Júpiter el 1 de abril.

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(1) Se disputó un partido de desempate en Murcia el 23 de marzo de 1948.

Quinta Ronda

Esta quinta ronda se jugó el 18 de abril y ya entraron los 14 equipos de la Segunda División más los seis peores clasificados de la Primera. La eliminatoria se disputó a partido único en el terreno del equipo que figura en primer lugar.

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(1) Se disputó un partido de desempate en Sabadell (20-04-1948).

(2) Se disputó un partido de desempate en Barcelona (22-04-1948).

(3) Se disputó un partido de desempate en Alcoy (21-04-1948).

Sexta Ronda

Esta quinta ronda se jugó el 25 de abril aún no entraron los 8 equipos de Primera que aún no debutaron. La eliminatoria se disputó a partido único en el terreno del equipo que figura en primer lugar.

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Fase Final

La fase final estuvo formada por 3 rondas eliminatorias a doble partido con sorteo puro entre los ganadores de la ronda anterior más los ocho equipos de Primera que todavía no habían participado en la Copa. Los equipos derrotados en semifinales jugaron una final de consolación en Barcelona) el 3 de julio mientras que la gran final se disputó el 4 de julio en Madrid.

(1) Partidos de desempate disputados en Madrid (27-06-1948 (2-2) y 30-06-1948 (1-2)).

Enlaces externos
 Base de datos de Linguasport
 Hemeroteca de El Mundo Deportivo
 Hemeroteca de Abc
 Hemeroteca de La Vanguardia

1948
Temporada 1947-48 de fútbol en España

Copa del Generalísimo de fútbol 1947-48


Isuzu Motors Limited, Japon otomobil firması. Merkezi Tokyo'da bulunmaktadır. Dünyanın en büyük otomotiv  firmalarından biridir.Öncesinde otomobil de üretmekteydi.1937'de kurulmuştur.

Modelleri
 Isuzu 117 Coupe 1957-1969
 Isuzu Florian 1965-1983
 Isuzu Gemini 1974-2001
 Isuzu Belett 1959-1972
 Isuzu Aska 1983-2003
 Isuzu TF 1988-2002
 Isuzu Amigo 1983-2003
 Isuzu Oasis 1995-1999
 Isuzu VehiCROSS 1997-2002
 Isuzu Panther 1991-günümüze
 Isuzu Ascender 2003-2008
 Isuzu Rodeo/MU Wizard/Opel Frontera 1991-2004
 Isuzu Piazza 1981-1992
 Isuzu Tropper 1984-2002
 Isuzu D-MAX 2002-günümüze
 Isuzu Urban 2005-günümüze
 ısuzu royal
 ısuzu roybus
 ısuzu roybus c
ısuzu novo
 Isuzu novo ciyt (günümüz)
 ısuzu novo lux (günümüz)
 ısuzu novo ultra (günümüz)

Japonya merkezli otomotiv şirketleri
Kamyon üreticileri
General Motors markaları
Otomobil markaları
Japonya merkezli motor üreticileri
Deniz motoru üreticileri

Isuzu


Animação est une association créée en 1994 à Toulouse et ayant pour but de promouvoir l'art de la marionnette sous toutes ses formes.

Historique
Création d'un premier spectacle mettant en scène des fruits et légumes sur un étal de marché : Le Flying Cageot.

À la suite d'un stage à l'Institut de la marionnette de Charleville Mézières autour des nouvelles technologies  de deux de ses membres en 1994, l'association prend un virage technologique. Elle contacte des ingénieurs en informatique et commence en 1998 une collaboration avec l'équipe synthèse d'images de l'IRIT (Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse).

Le tournant technologique
Ils développent ensemble une nouvelle forme de marionnette, la "mario.net" ou "marionnette virtuelle". technique de manipulation d'images de synthèse grâce à des systèmes magnétiques de capteurs de mouvements.Cette technique permettra la création de nombreux spectacles et performances ( Ailleurs, Le Numeric Circus , Aqua tu penses?, Con Muchos Besos, Sonatines, Mister Mc Kay, Le petit monde) qui mêleront marionnettes virtuelles et spectacles vivant (danse, musique, marionnettes d'ombre, marionnettes à fils...).Parallèlement l'association développe une activité d'ateliers pédagogique et crée un logiciel de modélisation, Gepetto.L'association anime ainsi de nombreux ateliers artistiques en médiathèques, écoles, centres d'art...

En 2010, des membres de l'association rencontrent la chercheuse Chantal Zaouche Gaudron avec laquelle ils travailleront sur le thème des enfants victimes de violences conjugales et pour lesquels ils développeront le logiciel "Sémaphore" avec le soutien de la Préfecture de Haute Garonne.
Depuis l'association s'investit dans cette cause.Animação a également réalisé de nombreux courts-métrages et clips vidéos dont un pour l'artiste français Toma, un pour le groupe Toulouse "Wild Women and the Savages".

Sources

Notes et références

Association ou organisme ayant son siège en France

Animação


Agrolaguna d.d. je poduzeće za proizvodnju, preradu i promet poljoprivrednih proizvodima. Osnovano je 1963. od poljoprivrednih zadruga s područja Poreštine kao Poljoprivredni kombinat Poreč, a osnovna djelatnost bila mu je proizvodnja grožđa i vina, lješnjaka, ratarskih kultura (pšenica, krmne kulture), zatim ovčarstvo i proizvodnja sira, tov junadi te trgovina poljoprivrednim repromaterijalom i robom široke potrošnje.

Danas je Agrolaguna jedna od većih prehrambenih kompanija u Istri čije se poslovanje odvija u tri proizvodne cjeline vina, ulja i sira.

Povijest

U sastav turističkog poduzeća Plava laguna organizacijska jedinica Trgovina prešla je 1963. a preostali dio Poljoprivrednoga kombinata 1971. kao zaseban Poljoprivredni pogon. Organizacijskom pretvorbom Plave lagune u složenu organizaciju, Poljoprivredni pogon postao je radna organizacija Agrolaguna s trima osnovnim organizacijama: Vinogradar, za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju, Mlinpeks, za proizvodnju pekarskih proizvoda, i Kooperacija, za otkup i prodaju poljoprivrednih proizvoda. S promjenom društveno-političkog sustava i primjenom Zakona o poduzećima, Agrolaguna je postala samostalnim društvenim poduzećem, a dioničkim društvom 1992. Najviše je uloženo u proizvodne kapacitete 1980-ih, kada je poduzeće bilo u funkciji proizvodnje za tada bujajući turizam. Od 2019. većinski udio u vlasništvu Agrolagune drži Fortenova grupa.

Proizvodi

Agrolaguna je najveći proizvođač maslinova ulja u Hrvatskoj (160 t/god.), istaknuti proizvođač vina (oko 4,2 milijuna litara godišnje), ovčjega sira i skute (350 t godišnje). Instalirani kapaciteti su: nasadi vinograda (630 ha), maslina (230 ha), ratarske površine (422 ha), vinarski podrum (1000 vagona), uljara (20 t dnevno), pekara (2000 kg/sat), silos za žitarice (720 vagona), farma ovaca (750 grla), mljekara-sirana (1000 l/dan).

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Službena stranica

Hrvatske tvrtke

Agrolaguna


Yolande Moreau (d. 27 Şubat 1953) Belçikalı komedyen, oyuncu ve film yönetmeni.

2005 yılındaki When the Sea Rises (Quand la mer monte...) ve 2009 yılındaki Séraphine filmleriyle iki kez "En İyi Kadın Oyuncu César Ödülü"nü kazandı.

Rol aldığı filmler
 (1985) Çatısız Kuralsız
(2010) La Meute
 (2009) Séraphine
 (2005) Le Couperet
 (2005) Quand la mer monte
 (2003) Corps à corps
 (2003) Bienvenue chez les Rozes
 (2001) Fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain, Le (Amelie) -Madeleine Wallace

Dış bağlantılar
 Yolande Moreau IMDb Sayfası

1953 doğumlular
Belçikalı kadın oyuncular
Belçikalı kadın sinema oyuncuları
Belçikalı film yönetmenleri
Belçikalı komedyenler
Yaşayan insanlar
En İyi Kadın Oyuncu César Ödülü sahipleri
Güncellenmesi gereken filmografiler
En İyi Kadın Oyuncu Lumières Ödülü sahipleri
Magritte Ödülü sahipleri
César Ödülü sahipleri
Lumières Ödülü sahipleri

Yolande Moreau