Dame Ivy Compton-Burnett,  (; 5 June 188427 August 1969) was an English novelist, published in the original editions as I. Compton-Burnett. She was awarded the 1955 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for her novel Mother and Son. Her works consist mainly of dialogue and focus on family life among the late Victorian or Edwardian upper middle class.

Background
Ivy Compton-Burnett was born in Pinner, Middlesex, on 5 June 1884, as the seventh of twelve children of a well-known homeopathic physician and prolific medical author, Dr James Compton-Burnett (the names were hyphenated and pronounced 'Cumpton-Burnit', 1840–1901) by his second wife, Katharine (1855–1911), daughter of civil engineer, surveyor and architect (many of the best houses built [in Dover] between 1850 and 1860 were his") Rowland Rees, who was also Mayor of Dover. Given the subjects of most of her works, it was widely assumed that the Compton-Burnett family were landed gentry; in his review of the final volume of Hilary Spurling's biography, J. I. M. Stewart wrote: "this persuasion she did nothing to controvert... when her ardent admirer and close friend Robert Liddell engaged in a somewhat demeaning rummage in Burke and Crockford in search of distinguished Compton-Burnetts whether living or dead and gone, he was astonished to discover none at all. Both Burnetts and Comptons had in fact been farm labourers not many generations back, and Mrs Spurling thinks that Ivy must have been about thirty before seeing the inside of an English country house." According to Spurling, "Ivy's... friends in later life generally assumed that she came, as the families do in her books, of a long line of country squires." In fact "she had moved with her family four times before she was 14, living on housing estates or in brand new suburban developments, hearing practically nothing about her Compton Burnett relations."

The Compton-Burnett family in fact descended from small tenant farmers of Gavelacre Farm, near Winchester, Hampshire (who despite owning no land called themselves "yeomen"), pretended since the time of Ivy's grandfather Charles to be descended from the younger branch of the landowning Scottish Burnett (also Burnet) family through Alexander Burnett, 12th Laird of Leys, his son, judge Robert Burnet, Lord Crimond, and his grandson Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury from 1689 to 1715. This claim "was unquestioningly accepted by Charles's descendants, and the whole affair passed... rapidly into family legend." This claim is repeated in Elizabeth Sprigge's The Life of Ivy Compton-Burnett; it was the later biography by Hilary Spurling (in which she notes the "many misleading claims... made for I. Compton-Burnett's family tree") that meticulously traces the family. J. Bhagyalakshmi, in Ivy Compton-Burnett and her Art (1986) reflects that the former was "a friend's memoir", as opposed to Spurling having taken "pains of a scholar" in compiling her biography. James Compton-Burnett's father, Charles, was an itinerant farm labourer – among other places at Redlynch, near Salisbury, where his son was born – who later settled at French Street, in a poor area of Southampton, and went into business as a corn and coal dealer, later living at Millbrook, outside Southampton, and working as a dairyman. (Before Spurling's research, it had been claimed that he was "a considerable landowner" at Redlynch, but the Compton-Burnetts of Charles's generation were in fact working-class labourers and grocers, and despite their claims over several generations of yeoman status, the Compton-Burnett family never owned any land. The "Compton" name had been used since the 1803 marriage of James Compton-Burnett's grandfather, Richard Burnett, to a Catherine Maria Compton, of Hampshire, allegedly in honour of her "large fortune"; in fact, she was daughter of a blacksmith, who loaned his son-in-law £300. Richard's younger brother William would marry Catherine's sister, Anne; many of the children of both marriages bore the name "Compton". Ivy Compton-Burnett's first cousin was Margery Blackie, a homeopathic physician.

Ivy grew up in Hove and London. She was educated at home with two brothers until the age of 14. She attended Addiscombe College, Hove, in 1898–1901, then boarded for two terms in 1901–1902 at Howard College, Bedford, before embarking on a university degree in Classics at Royal Holloway College, University of London. After graduating she in turn tutored four younger sisters at home. Ivy's mother sent all her stepchildren away to boarding-school as soon as possible. According to the scholar Patrick Lyons, "In widowhood Compton-Burnett's mother provided her with an early model for the line of outrageous domestic bullies that appear in her novels, anticipating the grief-stricken and over-demanding Sophia Stace (Brothers and Sisters, 1929) and the more shamelessly lucid Harriet Haslem (Men and Wives, 1931), who declares candidly: "I see my children's faces, and am urged by the hurt in them to go further, and driven on to the worse." Four of Ivy's sisters rebelled against home life in 1915 and moved up to London to live in a flat with the pianist Myra Hess. Ivy successfully managed the family trust, consisting of both parents' estates and largely taking the form of tenanted property, after her mother's death.

In the author blurb of the early Penguin editions of her novels there was a paragraph written by Compton-Burnett herself: "I have had such an uneventful life that there is little information to give. I was educated with my brothers in the country as a child, and later went to Holloway College, and took a degree in Classics. I lived with my family when I was quite young but for most of my life have had my own flat in London. I see a good deal of a good many friends, not all of them writing people. And there is really no more to say." This omits the facts that her favourite brother, Guy, died of pneumonia; another, Noel, was killed on the Somme, and her two youngest sisters, Stephanie Primrose and Catharine (called "Baby" and "Topsy"), died in a suicide pact by taking veronal in their locked bedroom on Christmas Day, 1917. Not one of the twelve siblings had children, and all eight girls remained unmarried.

Companion
Compton-Burnett spent much of her life as a companion to Margaret Jourdain (1876–1951), a leading authority and writer on the decorative arts and the history of furniture, who shared the author's Kensington flat from 1919. For the first ten years, Compton-Burnett seems to have remained unobtrusively in the background, always severely dressed in black. When Pastors and Masters appeared in 1925, Jourdain said she had been unaware that her friend was writing a novel.

After Jourdain's death in 1951 Compton-Burnett was likely in a relationship with Madge Garland, former British Vogue editor and founder of the School of Fashion at the Royal College of Art. Garland described this as "one of the happiest things in a long and troubled life" and Compton-Burnett was "besotted with Madge". They took trips and holidays together until Compton-Burnett's death. Garland is considered to have been a lesbian by her biographer Lisa Cohen, though her private life was often veiled due to her position in society.

Honours
Compton-Burnett was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 1967.

Death
Ivy Compton-Burnett held no religious beliefs; she was a "fierce Victorian atheist". She died at her Kensington home on 27 August 1969 and was cremated at Putney Vale Crematorium.

Work
Apart from Dolores (1911), a traditional novel she later rejected as something "one wrote as a girl", Compton-Burnett's fiction deals with domestic situations in large households which, to all intents and purposes, invariably seem Edwardian. The description of human weaknesses and foibles of all sorts pervades her work, and the family that emerges from each of her novels must be seen as dysfunctional in one way or another, with parents struggling with children, or sibling rivalries producing malicious, if covert, power struggles.

Starting with Pastors and Masters (1925), Compton-Burnett developed a highly individualistic style. Her fiction relies heavily on formal dialogue (in strong contrast to the often melodramatic plots), and demands constant attention on the reader's part: there are instances in her work where important information is casually mentioned in a half sentence, and her use of punctuation is deliberately perfunctory. The result is to create a deliberately claustrophobic fictional world, dominated by the psychological exploration of small-scale power-abuse and persecution.

Critical reception
There has been longstanding appreciation of Compton-Burnett's novels. Of Pastors and Masters the New Statesman wrote: "It is astonishing, amazing. It is like nothing else in the world. It is a work of genius." In her essay collection L'Ère du soupçon (1956), an early manifesto for the French nouveau roman, Nathalie Sarraute hails Compton-Burnett as "one of the greatest novelists England has ever had."

Elizabeth Bowen said of the wartime Parents and Children, "To read in these days a page of Compton-Burnett dialogue is to think of the sound of glass being swept up, one of these London mornings after a blitz." Patrick Lyons wrote over 30 years later, "These are witty and often demanding novels, peopled with alert sceptics who are devoted to epigrammatic talk and edgily precise analysis of talk."

Susan Sontag listed the novels of Compton-Burnett as examples of "camp" in her essay, Notes on "Camp" in 1964.

Bibliography
*Published in the United States as Bullivant and the Lambs.
There has been a recovery of UK and US interest in Compton-Burnett's novels in the 2000s. There were several translations into French, Italian, Spanish and other languages.

References

Further reading
Frank Baldanza: Ivy Compton-Burnett (Twayne's English Authors series). New York: Twayne, 1964.
Charles Burkhart: Herman and Nancy and Ivy: Three Lives in Art. London: Gollancz, 1977.
Charles Burkhart: I. Compton-Burnett. London: Victor Gollancz, 1965.
Charles Burkhart (editor): The Art of I. Compton-Burnett. London: Gollancz, 1972.
Kay Dick: Ivy & Stevie: Ivy Compton-Burnett and Stevie Smith. Conversations and Reflections. London: Duckworth, 1971.
Kathy Justice Gentile: Ivy Compton-Burnett (Women Writers). London: Macmillan, 1991.
Cicely Greig: Ivy Compton-Burnett: A Memoir. London: Garnstone Press, 1972.
R. Glynn Grylls: Ivy Compton-Burnett (Writers and their Work). London: British Council, 1971.
Frederick R. Karl: "The Intimate World of Ivy Compton-Burnett", in A Reader's Guide to the Contemporary English Novel (1961), pp. 201–219.
Robert Liddell: The Novels of I. Compton-Burnett. London: Victor Gollancz, 1955.
Elizabeth Sprigge: The Life of Ivy Compton-Burnett. London: Gollancz, 1973.
Hilary Spurling: Ivy: The Life of I. Compton-Burnett (1995). Combines two volumes originally published separately in 1974 and 1984. ().

External links

The Ivy Compton-Burnett Home Page
The Ivy Compton-Burnett Papers at Washington University in St. Louis
Ivy Compton-Burnett at MySpace
Women of Brighton
  Recordings of works by or about Ivy Compton-Burnett

1884 births
1969 deaths
Alumni of Royal Holloway, University of London
Burials at Putney Vale Cemetery
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
English women novelists
James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients
People from Pinner
People from Hove
English atheists
Deaths from bronchitis
20th-century English novelists
20th-century British women writers

Ivy Compton-Burnett


Notts County Football Club er knattspyrnufélag með aðsetur í Nottingham og spilar í  National League sem er fimmta efsta deild enskrar knattspyrnu. Félagið var stofnað árið 1862 og er þar með elsta félagslið heims. Félagið var eitt af tólf stofnfélögum enskrar deildarkeppni árið 1888. Leikmenn liðsins voru kallaðir "Magpies" (skjóir) vegna búninganna sem þeir spila í sem eru svart-hvít röndóttir Það gaf Juventus  hugmyndinna, að þeirra frægu búningum árið 1903. Liðið fluttist á þann heimavöll sem það spilar á núna, Meadow Lane árið 1910 og hefur haldið sig þar síðan. Notts County er með mikinn ríg við granna sína í  Nottingham Forest, en einnig er talsverður rígur við Mansfield Town.

Ensk knattspyrnufélög
Knattspyrnufélög frá Nottingham

Notts County


Tatlı, şeker tadında olan
Tatlı, şekerle veya şekerli şeylerle yapılan yiyecek
Tatlı, Sungurlu, Çorum ili Sungurlu ilçesine bağlı köy
Tatlı, Yüksekova, Hakkâri ili Yüksekova ilçesine bağlı köy
Tatlı, Kurtalan, Siirt ili Kurtalan ilçesine bağlı köy

Tatlı (anlam ayrımı)


Auguste "Gusti" Huber (27 iulie 1914 – 12 iulie 1993) a fost o actriță austriacă de teatru și film.

Viața și cariera
Huber s-a născut în Wiener Neustadt, Austria , în 1914. Primele studii de actorie le-a primit de la Rudolph Beer, care i-a aranjat mai târziu debutul ei pe scenă la Zurich. Ea a avut primul rol într-un film în 1935 în Tanzmusik, jucând apoi în Savoy-Hotel 217 (1936). Un an mai târziu, ea a realizat un progres în carieră prin apariția în adaptarea cinematografica a Unentschuldigte Stunde. Printre filmele ei cele mai cunoscute au fost Der Mann, von dem man spricht (1937), Land der Liebe (1937), Kleiner Mann - ganz gross! (1938), Marguerite (1939) și Jenny und der Herr im Frack (1941), după care a lucrat timp de patru ani la Burgtheater din Viena și pe scene din alte părți.

Prin anul 1946, ea și cel de-al doilea ei soț, Joseph Besch, un ofițer în Armata SUA, s-au mutat în Statele Unite ale Americii. Besch s-a lăudat că soția lui a fost "prima actriță austriacă care a fost eliberată de suspiciuni de către guvernul militar american". Ea a jucat doar ocazional ulterior, apărând mai ales pe Broadway de trei ori (Flight into Egypt, Cu C de la crimă ca Margot Wendice și Jurnalul Annei Frank).

Ultimul ei rol de film a fost în Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank (Jurnalul Annei Frank; 1959), în care ea a reluat rolul mamei Annei Frank, Edith, ceea ce a provocat controverse în unele cercuri deoarece se zvonea că Huber ar fi fost apropiată de regimul național-socialist, dar Garson Kanin, potrivit surselor, a rămas ferm.

American Heritage a scris despre încercările lui Huber de a se distanța de trecutul ei din timpul războiului:La Viena, înainte de război, ea [Huber] a refuzat să lucreze cu un actor și regizor evreu, iar în Germania în timpul războiului ea a continuat să facă filme în perioada celui de-al Treilea Reich. ... În același timp în care Anne a fost ucisă la Bergen-Belsen, Gusti era ocupată să joace într-o comedie. ... Dar Huber era o vedetă pe Broadway și [acuzațiile împotriva ei] niciodată ... nu au avut efect.

Familia
Huber a avut doi copii, Bibiana Maria (1 februarie 1942 – 7 septembrie 1996), cunoscută sub numele de "Bibi", care a devenit actriță, și Christiana Barbara (17 august 1939 – 13 august 2004) din prima ei căsătorie cu Gotfrid Köchert (22 martie 1918 – 6 noiembrie 1986), un pilot de curse austriac, care a servit în Wehrmacht în timpul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial. Cei doi copii mai mici ai lui Huber, Drea și Andrew, erau ai celui de-al doilea ei soț, Joseph Besch, un ofițer în Armata SUA, care le-a adoptat adoptat pe fiicele lui Huber din prima căsătorie și le-a dat numele său. Actrita Samantha Mathis, fiica lui Bibi, este una dintre nepoatele ei.

Sora mai mare a lui Bibi, Christiana, care a murit cu patru zile înainte de a împlini vârsta de 65 de ani, în 2004, a fost căsătorit cu T. R. MacDonald din 1960 până în 1977, când au divorțat; cuplul a avut trei copii.

Filmografie selectivă
 Dance Music (1935)
 Savoy Hotel 217 (1936)
 Land of Love (1937)
 Between the Parents (1938)
 The Girl of Last Night (1938)
 Jurnalul Annei Frank (1959)

Referințe

Legături externe

 Scurtă biografie
 Fotografii ale lui Gusti Huber

Nașteri în 1914
Decese în 1993
Actrițe austriece
Actrițe americane

Gusti Huber


Norse puede referirse a:

Norsemen u "Hombres del Norte" (no debe confundirse con los ficticios Hombres del Norte de la obra de Tolkien)
Norse Air, línea aérea.
 Northern Kentucky Norse, equipos deportivos de la Universidad del Norte de Kentucky.

Apellidos
Harold Norse (1916-2009), escritor estadounidense.

Norse


El Departamento de Transporte de Minnesota (en inglés: Minnesota Department of Transportation, Mn/DOT) es la agencia estatal gubernamental encargada en la construcción y mantenimiento de toda la infraestructura ferroviaria, carreteras estatales; así como sus federales, locales e interestatales, y transporte aéreo del estado de Minnesota. La sede de la agencia se encuentra ubicada en Saint Paul, Minnesota y su actual director es Thomas K. Sorel.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Sitio web oficial (en inglés)

Agencias estatales de Minnesota
Carreteras de Minnesota
Transporte de Minnesota
Agencias estatales de transporte de Estados Unidos

Departamento de Transporte de Minnesota


An Ronnbergia brasiliensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Edmundo Pereira ngan I.A.Penna. An Ronnbergia brasiliensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ronnbergia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ronnbergia

Ronnbergia brasiliensis


Blagojevići su naseljeno mjesto u općini Novo Goražde, Republika Srpska, BiH.

Stanovništvo

Popisi 1971. – 1991.

Popis 2013.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Naselja u Republici Srpskoj
 Novo Goražde

Blagojevići


Heinz Schneppen (* 1931 in Bocholt) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Diplomat und Historiker, der unter anderem von 1989 bis 1993 Botschafter in Paraguay sowie zuletzt zwischen 1993 und 1996 Botschafter in Tansania war.

Leben

Diplomatische Laufbahn
Schneppen begann nach dem Schulbesuch 1951 ein Studium der Geschichte, Germanistik und Philosophie an der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität zu Münster, das er an der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, der Universität Leiden und der Mount St. Mary's University in Emmitsburg (USA) fortsetzte. Nach dem Staatsexamen schloss er am 9. Dezember 1958 sein Studium mit der Promotion zum Dr. phil. an der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität zu Münster mit einer Dissertation mit dem Titel Niederländische Universitäten und deutsches Geistesleben von der Gründung der Universität Leiden bis ins späte 18. Jahrhundert ab. Im Anschluss war er zwischen 1959 und 1960 Assistent beim Zentralkomitee der deutschen Katholiken (ZdK) in Bonn sowie zwischen Februar und September 1960 Hilfsreferent im Referat IV/3 (Großbritannien, Australien, Neuseeland, Irland, Nordische Staaten) in der Abteilung IV (Ausland) des Presse- und Informationsamtes der Bundesregierung.

1960 trat Schneppen in den Auswärtigen Dienst ein und war anfangs zwischen 1960 und 1962 Pressehilfsreferent an der Botschaft im Vereinigten Königreich sowie anschließend bis 1964 Pressereferent an der Botschaft in den Niederlanden, ehe er nach seiner Rückkehr bis 1967 Referent im Referat L 4 (Pressereferat) in der Zentrale des Auswärtigen Amtes in Bonn war. Er war von 1967 bis 1970 zum Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung abgeordnet, wo er Persönlicher Referent der Chefs des Presse- und Informationsamtes, Günter Diehl und Conrad Ahlers, war. Zwischen 1970 und 1973 war er an der Botschaft in Ecuador tätig, anschließend bis 1976 an der Botschaft in Frankreich.

Schneppen kehrte 1976 in die Zentrale des Auswärtigen Amtes zurück und war dort bis 1979 stellvertretender Leiter des Referats 222 (technologische, wirtschaftliche und wissenschaftliche Fragen, Verifikation, spezifische Waffenverbote, Friedensforschung) der Unterabteilung 22 (Beauftragter der Bundesregierung für Fragen der Abrüstung und Rüstungskontrolle) in der Abteilung 2 (Politische Abteilung). Zwischen 1979 und 1984 war er Leiter des German Information Center, einer Abteilung der Botschaft Washington mit Sitz in New York City. Nach seiner Rückkehr nach Deutschland war er zunächst von 1984 bis 1985 Leiter des Referats 012 (Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Ausland und Inland) im Leitungsstab und danach zwischen 1985 und 1989 Leiter des Referats 205 (Vereinigtes Königreich, Gemeinsame Fragen des Commonwealth, Kanada, Irland, Nordische Staaten) in der Abteilung 2 (Politische Abteilung) des Auswärtigen Amtes.

1989 wurde Schneppen als Nachfolger von Richard Louis Botschafter in Paraguay und übte diese Funktion bis 1993 aus, woraufhin er durch Joachim Kausch abgelöst wurde. Zuletzt erhielt er als Nachfolger von Dietrich Venzlaff 1993 seine Akkreditierung als Botschafter in Tansania. Auf diesem Posten verblieb er bis zu seinem Eintritt in den Ruhestand 1996.

Historiker und Sachbuchautor
Nach seinem Eintritt in den Ruhestand widmete sich Schneppen überwiegend seiner Tätigkeit als Historiker und gab mehrere Sachbücher heraus. Zunächst erschienen 1999 die autobiografischen Briefe der Emily Ruete, eine omanisch-sansibarische Prinzessin, die nach der Heirat mit dem deutschen Kaufmann Rudolph Heinrich Ruete als Schriftstellerin und Lehrerin in Deutschland lebte. 2002 erschien eine Biografie des französischen Naturforschers Aimé Bonpland.

Bekanntheit erreichte er als Autor von im Berliner Metropol Verlag erschienenen Fachbüchern zu Themen zum Nationalsozialismus. In seinem 2007 erschienenen Buch Odessa und das Vierte Reich. Mythen der Zeitgeschichte befasste er sich mit der Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen, die Thema des 1972 erschienenen und 1974 verfilmten Buchs Die Akte Odessa von Frederick Forsyth war. 2009 erschien Ghettokomandant in Riga: Eduard Roschmann. Fakten und Fiktionen über den Kommandanten des Ghetto Riga, Eduard Roschmann. 2011 erschien eine Biografie des Organisators der nationalsozialistischen Gaswagenmorde, Walther Rauff.

Des Weiteren verfasste Schneppen auch Aufsätze in Fachzeitschriften wie zum Beispiel über Chalid ibn Barghasch, das Hospitali ya Ocean Road, Otto Bräutigam, der während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus sowohl im Auswärtigen Amt als auch im Reichsministerium für die besetzten Ostgebiete von Alfred Rosenberg in leitenden Positionen gearbeitet hat und in der Nachkriegszeit 1954 Leiter der Ostabteilung des Bundesaußenministeriums wurde, sowie über Franz Nüßlein, der während des Zweiten Weltkriegs im Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren eingesetzt war und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ab 1955 als Diplomat tätig wurde und dessen Nachruf in der Mitarbeiterzeitung internAA des Auswärtigen Amtes im Mai 2003 der Auslöser des Nachruf-Erlasses im Auswärtigen Amt 2003 war, aus dem sich Anfang 2005 die Nachruf-Affäre entwickelte. Hierzu verfasste er 2011 bereits einen Artikel über die Arbeit der Unabhängigen Historikerkommission des Auswärtigen Amtes.

Veröffentlichungen

Bücher
 Niederländische Universitäten und deutsches Geistesleben, von der Gründung der Universität Leiden bis ins späte 18. Jahrhundert. Dissertation Universität Münster, 1958, Verlag Aschendorff, Münster 1960
 Emily Ruete: Briefe nach der Heimat. Herausgeber. Philo-Verlag, Bodenheim bei Mainz 1999, ISBN 3-8257-0114-X
 Aimé Bonpland: Humboldts vergessener Gefährte? Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2002.
 Sansibar und die Deutschen. Ein besonderes Verhältnis. 1844–1966. LIT Verlag, Münster 2006, ISBN 3-8258-6172-4
 Odessa und das Vierte Reich. Mythen der Zeitgeschichte. Metropol Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 3-938690-52-6
 Alexander Peter d'Erizans. "Review of Schneppen, Heinz, Odessa und das Vierte Reich: Mythen der Zeitgeschichte." H-German, H-Net Reviews. August, 2011. URL: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=32304
 Ghettokomandant in Riga: Eduard Roschmann. Fakten und Fiktionen. Metropol Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 3-938690-93-3
 Walther Rauff. Organisator der Gaswagenmorde. Eine Biografie. (Reihe Zeitgeschichten; Band 7). Metropol Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-86331-024-0

Aufsätze
 Sayyid Ḫālid b. Barġaš: Drei Tage Sultan – dreißig Jahre im Exil. In: Der Islam. Bd. 76, Heft 2 (1999), S. 299–312.
 Die Anfänge des Ocean Road Hospital in Daressalam: vom Missionshospital zum Gouvernements-Krankenhaus. In:  Sudhoffs Archiv, Band 84, Nr. 1, 2000, S. 63–88
 Nietzsche und Paraguay: Der Philosoph als Bauer? In: Nietzscheforschung, Jahrbuch der Nietzsche-Gesellschaft, Band 8, 2001, S. 249–265.
 Vom Jagdtrieb historischer Ermittler: Der Bericht der "Unabhängigen Historikerkommission" zur Vergangenheit des Auswärtigen Amtes. In: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft (ZfG), 2011, Nr. 7/8, S. 593–620.
 Streitbar und umstritten: Simon Wiesenthal retrospektiv. In: ZfG, 2011, Nr. 2, S. 101–112
 Generalkonsul a.D. Dr. Otto Bräutigam: Widerstand und Verstrickung. Eine quellenkritische Untersuchung. In: ZfG, 60. Jg., 2012, Heft 4, S. 301–330.
 Der Fall des Generalkonsuls a.D. Franz Nüßlein. Eine Rekonstruktion, In: ZfG, 2012, S. 1007–1037
 Das Nürnberger Urteil über die "verbrecherischen Organisationen" und seine Folgen. Eine kritische Bilanz. In: ZfG, 2015, Nr. 1, S. 28–67
 Mutmaßungen über Rauff. In: ZfG, 2016, Nr. 10, S. 876–882.

Weblinks

 Kurzbiografie im Bundesarchiv; abgerufen am 23. September 2016

Deutscher Botschafter in Paraguay
Deutscher Botschafter in Tansania
Historiker
Träger des Falkenordens (Kommandeur)
Sachbuchautor
Deutscher
Geboren 1931
Mann

Heinz Schneppen


التركيب الكيميائي هو مفهوم كيميائي له معان مختلفة إذا استخدم لوصف مادة كيميائية أو مزيج.

تركيب المادة

التركيب الكيميائية لمادة نقية يصف الكميات النسبية للعناصر الكيميائية المكونة للمادة. ويمكن أن يعبر عنه بالصيغة المجملة.
فالصيغة الكيميائية للماء مثلاً هي H2O، وهذا يعني أن كل جزيء مكون من ذرتي هيدروجين (H) وذرة واحدة من الأوكسجين

تركيب المزيج

يمكن تعريف التركيب الكيميائي لمزيج بأنه توزيع المادة المفردة المكونة للمزيج (تسمى المكونات). وبكلمات أخرى، يعرف بتركيز كل مكون. وبسبب وجود طرق مختلفة لتحديد تركيز المكونات، يوجد بذلك طرق مختلفة لتحديد تركيب المزيج. فيمكن مثلا التعبير عنه بالكسر المولي أو الكسر الكتلي أوالتركيز المولي أوالعيارية أو الكسر الحجمي أو .

مراجع

خصائص كيميائية
كيمياء تحليلية

تركيب كيميائي


The Eurocopter (now Airbus Helicopters) EC120 Colibri ("hummingbird") is a five-seat, single-engine, light utility helicopter. Jointly designed and developed by Eurocopter, China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation (CATIC), Harbin Aviation Industries (Group) Ltd (HAIG) and Singapore Technologies Aerospace Ltd (STAero) at Eurocopter France's Marignane facility, the EC120B was assembled by Eurocopter in France and Australia.

In China, the aircraft is produced by Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation (HAMC) as the HC120. In 2004, HAMC began local manufacturing of the HC120 at their assembly line in Harbin, in northern China. In the Chinese market, both the People's Liberation Army and multiple local police forces have purchased HC120 helicopters.

Development
The EC120 Colibri has its origins in the P120, a proposal by French helicopter manufacturer Aérospatiale that was intended to replace both their Aérospatiale Gazelle and Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama single engine helicopters. During the 1980s, Aérospatiale sought international partners with which to co-produce the P120, these included aerospace companies in China, Singapore, and Australia. In the aftermath of the Chinese Government's crackdown on the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, the exclusion of Chinese involvement in the project was speculated.

On 20 October 1992, a contract for the joint development contract of the new helicopter was signed by the three principle partners of the project, the newly formed Eurocopter, China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation (CATIC) and Singapore Aerospace Ltd (STAero). Under the joint development agreement, Eurocopter received a 61% controlling interest and technical leader in the programme, CATIC received a 24% work share and STAero received a 15% work share; CATIC designed and produced the cabin structure and fuel system, STAero produced the tail boom, access doors, and composite materials, while Eurocopter produced the dynamic assemblies, installed the avionics, electrical and hydraulic systems, and conducted the final assembly activity. Development of the rotorcraft allowed Eurocopter to extend its range to include  rotorcraft.

On 9 June 1995, the first prototype EC120 Colibri conducted its maiden flight. By February 1996, the prototype had accumulated 60 flight hours, a second prototype joined the test program later that year. In February 1997, the EC120 Colibri was formally launched at the Helicopter Association International (HAI) show in Anaheim, California; by June 1997, more than 50 orders had been received for the type. By October 1998, more than 100 orders had been received for the type, leading Eurocopter to increase the production rate from four helicopters per month to six. In 2002, Eurocopter was in the process of establishing a second assembly line for the EC120 at Australian Aerospace's facility in Brisbane, Australia.

In September 2003, Eurocopter and China Aviation Industry Corporation II (AVIC II) expanded their partnership agreement to include a co-production arrangement with AVIC II-subsidiary Harbin Aircraft Industry Group (HAIG). On 11 June 2004, a final production agreement was signed; under the agreement, CATIA and HAIG received exclusive market rights in China, and Eurocopter agreed to stop selling French-built EC120s in mainland China. In June 2014, the People's Liberation Army of China became the launch customer for the Harbin-produced HC120, reportedly placing an order for eight of the type with options for fifty more.

On 30 November 2017 Airbus Helicopters formally announced the end of the H120 program citing low delivery numbers.  Only five H120s were delivered in 2016 compared to 63 Robinson R-66s.  Airbus stated they are moving away from the lower end of the market spectrum and those helicopters are not as sophisticated as their traditional product line.

Diesel demonstrator

Within the Green Rotorcraft European Clean Sky Joint Technology Initiative environmental research program started in 2011, a H120 Technology demonstrator equipped with a HIPE AE440 high-compression aircraft diesel engine, running on jet fuel, first flew on 6 November 2015. It aimed to reduce pollutant emissions and increase fuel efficiency, nearly double the range and enhance operations in hot and high conditions.

The powerplant trialed was a liquid-cooled, dry sump lubricated 4.6-liter 90° V8 engine with an  common rail direct injection, fully machined aluminum blocks, titanium connecting rods, steel pistons and liners, one turbocharger per cylinder bank. With an air-to-air intercooler, it weighed  without gearbox and the  installed powerpack weighs . The rotors were driven via the existing transmission, the faster-turning Turbomeca Arrius turboshaft was replaced with a multiplier gearbox.

The brake specific fuel consumption was 200 g/kW⋅h. Torque oscillations were reduced through a light torsional shaft and vibrations are damped by Silent blocs. It was manufactured by Teos Powertrain Engineering—a joint venture between Mecachrome and D2T (IFPEN group)—for the mechanical design, engine main parts manufacturing, assembly and testing and Austro Engine for the dual-channel FADEC and harness, fuel system, airworthiness. Power was maintained at 2,500 m and ISA+20° and it achieved 42% a fuel consumption reduction, reducing the direct operating costs by 30% along with simpler maintenance.

Design

The EC120B Colibri is a single-engine multimission helicopter, designed for safe, simple, and cost-effective operations. It incorporates several of Eurocopter's trademarked technologies, those of prominence are the 3-bladed Speriflex main rotor head and the 8-bladed fenestron anti-torque tail rotor; these have been partially credited with contributing to the rotorcraft's noise signature, which is 6.7 decibels below International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) limits.

Airbus Helicopters has claimed that the EC120 B possesses the lowest operating cost in its class. As of 2014, the EC120 has the distinction of being the only single-engine rotorcraft to be certified to JAR/FAR 27 standards; measures incorporated to meet these standards include an energy-attenuating main structure, energy-absorbent seats for all on board, and a crash-resistant fuel system.

The aircraft features a wide, ergonomic cabin with high levels of external visibility, which can accommodate a single pilot along with four passengers in typical passenger configuration. The design of the cabin is suitable for a wide variety of civilian and parapublic missions, such as utility transport, offshore transport, training, law enforcement, casualty evacuation and corporate transport. In the casualty evacuation role, the rotorcraft can carry one pilot and one stretcher patient as well as one or two medical attendants.

In a cargo-carrying capacity, the EC120 can carry one pilot plus  of total useful load volume spread between the cabin and the  hold, which is externally accessible from the right-hand side and to the rear, as well as from the cabin in some configurations. To ease cargo operations, the cabin floor is flat and unobstructed; alternatively, a cargo sling can be installed to carry cargo of up to .

According to Airbus Helicopters, the EC120B integrates a high level of advanced technology to make the rotorcraft easier and safer to fly, as well as to reduce costs. A particular emphasis was placed on allowing end-customers to perform as much of the maintenance tasks themselves. The primary instrument panel is the twin-screen vehicle and engine multifunction display (VEMD) which provides control and monitoring of various aspects of the rotorcraft, such as the fenestron tail rotor and key engine parameters; the VEMD decreases overall pilot workload for greater safety. In a baseline configuration, flight controls are installed only on the right-hand side, dual controls or left-hand only flight controls can be optionally installed. Third parties have offered their own avionics suites for the EC120, adding functionality such as an autopilot.

In addition to various civil roles, the EC120 has also been used by several military operators to conduct training, observation and light utility missions. Airbus Helicopter has promoted the type in a training capacity due to features such as positive control response, performance computation systems, modern instrumentation for ease of use, overall compact size, and a high level of cabin visibility.

A wide range of optional equipment can be installed upon the EC120 B, this includes a wire strike protection system, air conditioning, sand filter, skis, windshield wipers, electrical external mirrors, a cargo sling, emergency flotation gear, forward looking infrared (FLIR) cameras, and external spotlights. For corporate customers, the EC120 can be equipped with a Stylence interior, offering a luxurious interior with leather upholstery, in-flight office and telecommunications facilities, along with reduced noise and vibration levels via additional insulation.

Operational history

The first EC120B was delivered in 1998. By 2008, Eurocopter had already delivered more than 550 Colibris to various customers.

In 2004, the United States Department of Homeland Security U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) selected the EC120B to meet its Light Sign Cutter requirement, a program potentially involving 55 aircraft with a total value of US$75 million in then-year dollars. In 2006, the CBP ordered 15 EC120B helicopters, with a further five aircraft since ordered.

The Spanish Air and Space Force (SASF) has procured a number of EC120s, which are used as rotary-wing trainers at the Armilla AFB. In 2003, the SPAF formed an aerobatic display team, the Patrulla ASPA, which use the type; a typical display involves five EC120s performing complex manoeuvers in addition to formation flight.

In January 2008, the French Defense Ministry selected the EC120 as the French Army's new lead-in rotary-wing trainer to replace the Aérospatiale Gazelle. 36 EC120 Bs equipped with Sagem avionics shall be operated through a 22-year public-private partnership (PPP) with operator Hélidax. On 12 October 2010, the final EC120 was delivered to Hélidax.

Since 2011, a number of EC120s have been operated by the traffic police of Kurdistan, Iraq. As of 2014, the crews are trained to undertake surveillance and rescue missions.

Variants

P120L prototype before type redesignation to EC120 Colibri.

 : Standard designation.
 HC120: Chinese-built variant of the EC120.

Operators

Civil operators

The EC120 is used by both private individuals and companies, helicopter charter and training organisations as well as law enforcement and government use.

Westpac Life Saver Rescue Helicopter Service

Federal Highway Police

Calgary Police Service
Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Edmonton Police Service
York Regional Police 2002-2023
Winnipeg Police Service

Bundespolizei

State Border Guard

Spanish National Police

San Jose Police Department
Santa Clara County Sheriff's Office
Baltimore Police Department
Austin Police Department
Albuquerque Police Department
Sacramento County Sheriff's Department

• Kurdistan Regional Government Traffic Police

Military operators

Chinese Army Ground Force

 Hélidax (Army Aviation Training)

Indonesian Army
Indonesian Navy
Indonesian Air Force

Royal Malaysian Air Force

Myanmar Air Force

Republic of Singapore Air Force

 Spanish Air and Space Force

Specifications (EC120 B)

See also

References

External links

 Official Eurocopter EC120 B Website
 EC120 webpage
 UK-CAA & JAA Type Certificate Data Sheet
 Harbin Aviation Industries producer of the HC120
 EC120 productionlist details about and productionlist of the EC120 and HC120

1990s international civil utility aircraft
Airbus Helicopters aircraft
Harbin aircraft
1990s French helicopters
1990s Chinese helicopters
Fantail helicopters
Single-turbine helicopters
Aircraft first flown in 1995

Eurocopter EC120 Colibri


An Trikeraia pappiformis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Yi Li Keng, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Pung Pen Chao Kuo och Shen g Lian Lu. An Trikeraia pappiformis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Trikeraia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Trikeraia

Trikeraia pappiformis


An Philodendron inaequilaterum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Frederik Michael Liebmann. An Philodendron inaequilaterum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Philodendron, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Philodendron

Philodendron inaequilaterum


An Cynosurus elegans in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni René Louiche Desfontaines. An Cynosurus elegans in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cynosurus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cynosurus

Cynosurus elegans


Mom Luang Pin Malakul (, * 24. Oktober 1903 in Bangkok; † 5. Oktober 1995 ebenda) war ein thailändischer Pädagoge, Schriftsteller und Politiker.

Leben

Ausbildung
Pin wurde am 24. Oktober 1903 als sechstes Kind von Mom Rajawongse Pia Malakul und Than Phuying Sa-ngiam Malakul geboren. Er hatte 12 weitere Geschwister.
Mit fast sieben Jahren kam er 1910 an die Jungenschule Suan-Kulab-Wittayalai-Schule (Thai: . 1910 kam er ans Vajiravudh-Internat (Thai: ), Vajiravudh College, damals: Royal Pages School). Am 7. März 1922 erreichte er London, wo er Pali und Sanskrit an der University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies studierte. In England freundete er sich mit weiteren thailändischen Austauschstudenten an, unter anderem mit Prinz Dulbhakara Worawan, Visuddhi Krairiksh und Phanom Thephasdin, die er schon aus seiner Zeit an der Royal Page School kannte. 1924 wurde Pin am Brasenose College der University of Oxford angenommen, wo er seine Oriental Studies 1928 mit dem Bachelor of Arts abschloss. Anschließend wurde er für Pädagogik, ebenfalls in Oxford, angenommen, dort erhielt er am 15. Oktober 1931 sein Master of Arts.

Karriere
Nach seiner Rückkehr 1931 aus Europa wurde Pin Lehrer für Mathematik, Thai und Englisch an der Chulalongkorn University.

Im Jahr 1946 wurde Pin Staatssekretär des Bildungsministeriums. LM Pin war von 1957 bis 1969 Erziehungsminister und von September 1957 bis Oktober 1958 zugleich Kultusminister. Später war er Vorstandsmitglied der UNESCO.

Für sein schriftstellerisches Werk wurde er 1987 zum Nationalkünstler ernannt.

Privates
Am 7. März 1932 heiratete Pin Dussadeemala Krairiksh, die Tochter von Chao Phraya Mahithon (Lo Krairiksh) und Than Phuying Klip Mahithon.

Ehrungen (Auswahl)
 1962: Großes Verdienstkreuz mit Stern und Schulterband der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Literatur
 Malakul, Pin (1989–) (2006): อัตชีวประวัติของหม่อมหลวงปิ่น มาลากุล, Bangkok: Thepnimit Press (Thai).

Weblinks

 Teacher with vision (PDF; 157 kB)
 A TRIBUTE TO THE MEMORY OF MOM LUANG PIN MALAKUL (PDF; 17 kB)
 http://www.culture.go.th/subculture3/images/M_images/mom%20luang%20pin%20malakul.pdf
 http://iacr.swu.ac.th/upload/research/download/39-5144-0.pdf

Politiker (Thailand)
Minister (Thailand)
Autor
Träger des Großen Bundesverdienstkreuzes mit Stern und Schulterband
Träger des Ordens von Chula Chom Klao
Thailänder
Geboren 1903
Gestorben 1995
Mann

Pin Malakul


Los testigos es una película chilena, filmada en blanco y negro, estrenada en 1971, dirigida por Charles Elsesser. Cuenta con las destacadas actuaciones de Nelson Villagra y Marcelo Gaete.
Nace de una crónica de Guillermo Sáez, que da el argumento principal a la obra de Elsesser.

Argumento
El problema de la vivienda en la década de 1960 fue un problema que se veía agravado por la especulación y la urgencia de dar solución a miles de inmigrados desde el campo a la ciudad. De eso es de lo que trata la película, de la especulación y del abuso, del fraude en que muchas veces se vieron estafados los pobladores por especuladores que prometían dar una solución, pero que a la larga su única finalidad era sacar provecho de las necesidades de los más marginados.

Un grupo de pobladores deposita sus esperanzas en tres loteadores, los que van dilatando la entrega de los terrenos adquiridos con los ahorros de los pobladores, que exigen la determinación de los sitios que le corresponden a cada uno. En una riña, un poblador es asesinado por un loteador, por lo que la justicia pide a los demás pobladores que asistan como testigos para llevar a cabo el juicio, los cuales, sin embargo, se muestran reticentes y desconfiados de asistir a la instancia legal para enjuiciar al asesino, principalmente en el temor de perder su participación en el loteo, pero también por no creer en que la justicia pueda serles favorables.

Es una película contingente a una problemática de Chile en los años 1960, una sociedad donde los conflictos sociales afloran en cada lugar y donde el cine chileno se transformó en una herramienta más en la denuncia de los abusos e injusticias.

Elenco
 Nelson Villagra como Ramón
 Jaime Vadell como Domingo
 Mireya Kulchewsky
 Marcelo Gaete
 Leonardo Perucci
 Luis Chacón
 Luis Alarcón
 Marcelo Romo
 Susana Cendoya
 Mario Montilles
 Mario Rebolledo
 Tennyson Ferrada
 Elena Moreno
 Rafael Benavente
 Fernando Gallardo
 María Valle
 Guillermo Bruce

Referencias

Fuentes
 CineChile.cl Reseña de la película Los testigos.
 CineChile.cl Los estrenos de 1971 (Crítica).

Películas de 1971
Películas en blanco y negro de Chile

Los testigos (película de 1971)


Nnamdi Okwu Kanu, né le 25 septembre 1967 à Isiama Afara dans l'État d'Abia au Nigeria, est un militant politique britannico-nigérian qui milite pour la sécession et l'indépendance du Biafra vis-à-vis du Nigeria. Il est le chef du Peuple indigène du Biafra (IPOB), qu'il a fondé en 2014. L'objectif principal de l'IPOB est de restaurer l'État séparatiste du Biafra qui existait dans la région orientale du Nigeria pendant la guerre civile nigériane de 1967-1970.

Biographie
Kanu est né le 25 septembre 1967 à Isiama Afara Ukwu, Umuahia, dans l'État d'Abia dans le territoire revendiqué par la République du Biafra, quelques mois après que celle-ci eut déclaré son indépendance du Nigeria. Son père, Eze Israel Okwu Kanu (JP), et sa mère, Ugoeze Nnenne Kanu, étaient des monarques traditionnels nigérians. Il a fréquenté l'école primaire Library Avenue et est allé au Government College Umuahia pour ses études secondaires. Il a étudié à l'Université du Nigeria à Nsukka, et s'est installé au Royaume-Uni avant d'obtenir son diplôme.

Premiers pas dans l'activisme
Kanu a commencé son activisme pour la liberté du Biafra en tant que directeur de Radio Biafra et présentateur de la sensibilisation au Biafra sous la direction de Ralph Uwazuruike, leader du Mouvement pour l'actualisation de l'État souverain du Biafra (MASSOB), qui a déclaré lors d'une réunion à Kaduna, au Nigeria, le 12 juin 2014, qu'il avait remis Radio Biafra à Nnamdi Kanu, leader de l'IPOB, mais que Kanu l'avait déçu. Radio Biafra a toutefois été créée par le défunt gouvernement biafrais en 1967 dans le but de défendre la cause biafraise. Kanu était une figure relativement obscure jusqu'en 2009, date à laquelle il a lancé Radio Biafra, une station qui appelait à la création d'un État indépendant pour le peuple igbo et qui diffusait au Nigeria depuis Londres. En 2014, il a fondé l'IPOB le 5 septembre 2015, Nnamdi Kanu était un orateur invité au Congrès mondial igbo qui s'est tenu à Los Angeles, où il a déclaré à son auditoire "nous avons besoin de fusils et nous avons besoin de balles".

Incarcération

Arrestation
Le 18 octobre 2015, il a été rapporté que Kanu avait été arrêté dans l'État de Lagos par la police secrète du Nigeria, le Department of State Services (DSS). Kanu avait déclaré à ses avocats que le 14 octobre 2015, il avait été arrêté par les agents du gouvernement fédéral du Nigeria, le State Security Service (SSS), dans sa chambre d'hôtel du Golden Tulip Essential Hotel Ikeja, dans l'État de Lagos. Dans un point de presse, les avocats ont déclaré qu'entre le 14 et le 17 octobre 2015, on ignorait où se trouvait leur client jusqu'au 18 octobre 2015, lorsque les médias ont annoncé la nouvelle de son arrestation et de sa détention par le SSS à Abuja. La nouvelle de l'arrestation de Kanu a suscité des manifestations dans les États de Delta, Enugu, Rivers, Cross River, Abia, Imo, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa et Anambra.

Détention
Le 19 octobre 2015, il a été rapporté que Nnamdi Kanu avait été libéré sous caution après une mise en accusation secrète au Magistrate Court, Wuse 11. Cependant, la libération sous caution semblait " controversée " et certains ont affirmé que le DSS avait annoncé la libération sous caution uniquement " pour calmer le peuple en colère du Biafra ".

Juridiction de la Cour
Le Magistrate Court 1 siégeant à Abuja le 18 novembre 2015 a ordonné au Département des services de l'État (DSS) de produire Kanu au tribunal le 23 novembre 2015. Cependant, il a été rapporté que le Département des services de l'État (DSS) a obtenu une " ordonnance secrète du tribunal pour détenir Nnamdi Kanu ". L'avocat de Kanu, Vincent Obetta, a déclaré lors d'une interview qu'au tribunal, le procureur lui a remis un document contenant une décision de justice autorisant le Département des services de l'État (DSS) à détenir Kanu pendant les trois prochains mois pour "conclure ce qu'ils ont dit être une enquête sur le terrorisme et le financement du terrorisme".

Procès judiciaire
Kanu a finalement été mis en examen le 23 novembre 2015 devant un tribunal de première instance d'Abuja pour la première fois pour des accusations de "conspiration criminelle, intimidation et appartenance à une organisation illégale " par le Département des services de l'État (DSS) du Nigeria. Ces accusations sont contraires aux "sections 97, 97B et 397" du code pénal nigérian. Le premier magistrat S. Usman avait, lors du dernier ajournement, reproché au Département des services de l'État (DSS) de ne pas avoir présenté Kanu au tribunal les deux fois consécutives où l'affaire a été portée devant la cour. Pendant ce temps, les partisans de Kanu ont pris d'assaut la capitale du Nigeria, Abuja, dans des bus de luxe pour manifester pacifiquement en faveur de leur leader, qui a été mis en accusation par le gouvernement fédéral devant le tribunal de première instance de Wuse Zone 2, à Abuja, le 23 novembre 2015. Les manifestants pro-Biafra, munis de pancartes, ont chanté et dansé devant les locaux du tribunal pendant l'audience. Les manifestants portaient des T-shirts et des casquettes avec des inscriptions comme "Biafra Now or Never", "Buhari Release Kanu For Us", "On Biafra We Stand". D'autres manifestations de membres de l'IPOB, au nombre de plus de , ont simultanément bloqué la circulation des véhicules dans la ville économique clé du sud-est, Onitsha. Il en a été de même pour plus de  à Aba, dans l'État d'Abia, le même jour.

Kanu, par l'intermédiaire de son avocat, a déposé une requête demandant aux autorités fédérales de le transférer de la garde du Département des services de l'État (DSS) à la prison. Son avocat, Obetta, a insisté sur le fait que le transfert de son client en prison lui permettrait d'avoir facilement accès à son équipe juridique.

Alors qu'il était au tribunal, le Département des services de l'État (DSS) a demandé au tribunal de première instance de Wuse Zone 2 d'interrompre le procès de Nnamdi Kanu en vertu de l'article 108(1) de la loi de 2015 sur l'administration de la justice pénale. Idakwo a ajouté que le Département des services de l'État (DSS) avait obtenu une ordonnance de la Haute Cour fédérale d'Abuja, datée du 10 novembre, pour détenir l'accusé pendant 90 jours. Obetta a prié la cour de ne pas abandonner l'affaire car l'accusation n'a présenté aucune information de la part du Procureur général de la Fédération du Nigéria qui avait l'autorité pour approuver une telle mesure. Obetta a également déclaré à la cour que " le DSS a violé l'ordonnance de la cour qui a accordé une libération sous caution qui était perfectible mais non accordée, ajoutant que l'accusé était sous la garde du Département des services de l'État (DSS) depuis son arrestation ". Le magistrat de la cour, Usman Shuaibu, après avoir écouté les deux avocats, a ajourné l'affaire jusqu'au  décembre 2015 pour qu'il soit statué

Libération et disparition
Le 20 octobre 2015, Vanguard a annoncé que Kanu avait été libéré sous caution. Cependant, des sources médiatiques soutenant les objectifs de l'IPOB ont qualifié la libération sous caution de "controversée" et ont affirmé que le DSS l'avait annoncée uniquement "pour calmer le peuple en colère du Biafra". Kanu a finalement été libéré sous caution par la juge Binta Nyako pour des raisons de santé.

Kanu a disparu de la vue du public après que sa maison a été perquisitionnée par l'armée nigériane, en septembre 2017, un événement qui a conduit à la mort de 28 membres de l'IPOB. N'ayant pas été vu en public pendant plus d'un an, il y a eu de larges spéculations concernant son lieu de résidence, les membres de l'IPOB accusant le gouvernement Buhari de l'avoir enlevé. Cependant, en octobre 2018, des photographies et des vidéos non attribuées, le situant apparemment en Israël, ont largement circulé sur les médias sociaux, ce qui a ensuite été confirmé par les médias grand public.

Bien qu'il ait refait surface, son emplacement exact et son lieu de vie ont continué à rester flous au cours des années suivantes.

En octobre 2022, Nnamdi Kanu est acquitté par une cour d'appel d'abuja.

Poursuite du militantisme
Lors d'une interview en juin 2017, Kanu a demandé des balles et des fusils à un groupe de Nigérians basés aux États-Unis pour se défendre contre les attaques incessantes des bergers fulanis contre les Igbos, qui se produisaient actuellement sur les terres du Biafra.

La stratégie prononcée de Kanu a été l'application de la désobéissance civile pour faire valoir sa demande de liberté pour son peuple. Dans diverses émissions radiodiffusées, Nnamdi Kanu a déclaré que son adoption des formes de désobéissance civile de Martin Luther King Jr. et du Mahatma Gandhi conduira à la "restauration du Biafra". Dans une interview accordée à Newsweek, Nnamdi Kanu a exprimé sa foi dans les enseignements de Martin Luther King Jr. et du Mahatma Gandhi : "J'espère que ce que nous recherchons peut être accompli de manière pacifique. Je suis un partisan de la résistance passive. Gandhi et Martin Luther King s'y sont essayés avec de très bons effets, alors pourquoi cela ne fonctionnerait-il pas dans notre cas ?"

Avant l'élection présidentielle de 2019, l'IPOB avait menacé de boycotter le scrutin. Selon le leader de l'IPOB, Nnamdi Kanu, "Il [le boycott] est une approche à plusieurs facettes. C'est de la désobéissance civile, de la résistance passive, c'est l'expression de notre ressentiment envers le Nigeria et ce qu'il représente". Sa position sur le boycott des élections a été largement critiquée par les politiciens nigérians locaux qui soutenaient le contraire. À la veille de l'élection, Nnamdi Kanu a levé sa position de boycott et a exhorté les Biafrais à participer à l'élection, après quoi il a qualifié sa condition de "signée, scellée et livrée". Son changement a été reçu dans différents milieux comme étant ouvert à l'appel et aux opinions des autres.

Références

Naissance en septembre 1967
Militant nigérian
Naissance dans l'État d'Abia
Personnalité britannique du judaïsme
Personnalité liée au Biafra

Nnamdi Kanu


Dereli, Zonguldak ilinin Çaycuma ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1928 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Zonguldak il merkezine 51 km, Çaycuma ilçe merkezine 6 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Çaycuma belde ve köyleri

Dereli, Çaycuma


Hit-Monkey est un personnage de fiction de l'univers Marvel Comics. Il s'agit d'un macaque qui a acquis, par l'observation d'un tueur à gages humain, des compétences particulièrement développées en matière de combat et d'élimination.

Genèse

Créé par le scénariste Daniel Way et le dessinateur Dalibor Talajić, Hit-Monkey fait sa première apparition dans Hit-Monkey 1 en avril 2010, sous forme d'un one shot numérique, sur Marvel Digital Comics Unlimited. Le comics est publié en version papier une semaine plus tard et, à partir du même mois, le personnage apparaît dans un arc narratif s'étalant sur les numéros 19 à 21 de Deadpool volume 4.

Série télévisée d'animation

Hit-Monkey fait l'objet de sa propre série télévisée d'animation américaine homonyme, intitulée elle aussi Hit-Monkey.

La série, destinée à un public adulte, est créée par Will Speck et Josh Gordon pour le service de streaming Hulu. Elle met en vedette Ally Maki, Olivia Munn, Nobi Nakanishi, Fred Tatasciore, George Takei et Jason Sudeikis. Hit-Monkey a été annoncée en février 2019, dans le cadre d'un groupe de séries basées sur des personnages Marvel, et est sortie sur Hulu le 17 novembre 2021.

Éditions papier

 Deadpool, Volume 4: Monkey Business (regroupe Hit-Monkey One-Shot et Deadpool (vol. 4) 19-22, 120 pages, Marvel Comics, juillet 2010 )
 Hit-Monkey: Year of the Monkey (regroupe Hit-Monkey 1-3 et Hit-Monkey one-shot, 96 pages, Marvel Comics, 4 janvier 2010 )
 Hit-Monkey by Daniel Way: Bullets & Bananas (regroupe Hit-Monkey 1-3, Hit-Monkey One-Shot, Deadpool (vol. 4) 19-21, 168 pages, Marvel Comics, 29 octobre 2019 )

Notes et références

Super-héros Marvel
One shot Marvel
Série de comics Marvel
Album de bande dessinée sorti en 2010

Hit-Monkey


Olaylar
 17 Ocak – Aziz Petrus Tahtı (Bernini tarafından tasarlanan Cathedra Petri ), Roma'daki Aziz Petrus Bazilikası'ndaki sunağın üzerine yerleştirildi.
 1 Şubat – Birleşik İngiliz ve İskoç kraliyet mahkemesi, Büyük Londra Vebası yatışırken Londra'ya geri döndü.
 2 Eylül – Londra'nın eski kısmını tamamen yok eden Büyük Londra Yangını başladı
 4 Eylül – Babür İmparatoru Evrengzib, Compagnie des Indes Orientales'e Surat limanında ticaret yapma yetkisi verdi.
 16 Eylül – İstanbul'da Sabetay Sevi'nin dinden çıkması başladı.
 10 Ekim – Büyük Londra Yangını'ndan bir ay sonra Londra kiliselerinde bir "aşağılanma ve oruç günü" düzenlendi.
 26 Ekim – İran Şahı II. Abbas, 24 yıllık saltanatının ardından halefini belirlemeden 34 yaşında öldü. 18 yaşındaki oğlu Sam Mirza, altı gün sonra yeni Safevi hanedanı imparatoru olarak taç giydi.
 27 Ekim – Büyük Londra Yangını'nı başlattığına dair yanlış bir itirafta bulunan Fransız Robert Hubert (yangın başladıktan iki gün sonrasına kadar İngiltere'ye gelmemiş olmasına rağmen) ifadelerine dayanarak idam edildi.
 22 Aralık – XIV.Louis tarafından kurulan Fransız Bilimler Akademisi ilk kez toplandı.
 Fransız Bilimler Akademisi kuruldu.
 Lund Üniversitesi, İsveç'in Lund şehrinde kurulmuştur.

Doğumlar
 6 Eylül – Rusya Çarı V. İvan (ö. 1696)
 12 Kasım – Mary Astell, İngiliz feminist filozof ve yazar (ö. 1731)
 22 Aralık – Guru Gobind Singh, Sihizm'in 10. Gurusu, sosyal reformcu, şair ve devrimci (ö. 1708)
 Stephen Gray
 Francis Hauksbee

Ölümler
 20 Ocak – Anne d'Autriche, XIII. Louis'in kraliçesi ve naibi (d. 1601)
 22 Ocak – Şah Cihan, Hindistan'ın Babür İmparatorluğu hükümdarı (d. 1592)
 26 Ağustos – Frans Hals, Hollandalı ressam (d. 1580)
 30 Ağustos - Benedikt Carpzov, Alman ceza hukukçusu ve cadı bilimci (d. 1595)
 23 Eylül – François Mansart, Fransız mimar (d. 1598)
 28 Eylül - Robert Hubert
 22 Aralık – Guercino, İtalyan ressam (d. 1591)

Kaynakça

1666


Isla Nonnenwerth (en alemán: Insel Nonnenwerth) es una isla cerca de Bad Honnef en el río Rin, administrativamente parte de Remagen en el estado federado de Renania-Palatinado en Alemania.

La isla es conocida principalmente como el sitio donde se localiza un convento benedictino, más tarde, un convento franciscano.

Había un convento de monjas benedictinas desde que fue fundado en 1126 por el arzobispo Federico I de Colonia. En 1465 se unió al movimiento de reforma de la Congregación Bursfelde, pero fue severamente dañado en 1477 durante las hostilidades con Borgoña. También sufrió mucho por la incursión de tropas suecas en 1632, durante la Guerra de los Treinta Años.

En 1854 los edificios fueron adquiridos por los franciscanos para un convento. Durante la Primera Guerra Mundial las hermanas empezaron a dedicarse a la enseñanza de niñas y fundaron una escuela secundaria, institución que sigue en funcionamiento.

Véase también
 Geografía de Alemania
 Geografía de Europa

Referencias

 Claudia Euskirchen: Kloster Nonnenwerth. Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Landschaftsschutz, Neuss 2000 (Rheinische Kunststätten; 447) ISBN 3-88094-856-9
 Maria Paula: Geschichte der Insel Nonnenwerth. J. Habbel, Regensburg 1904.

Islas del río Rin
Islas fluviales de Alemania
Archipiélagos e islas de Renania del Norte-Westfalia

Nonnenwerth


George Mary Searle (June 27, 1839 – July 7, 1918) was an American astronomer and Catholic priest.

Biography

He discovered the asteroid 55 Pandora in 1858. He also discovered six galaxies. In later life he became a member of the Paulist order and taught at The Catholic University of America.

In 1905, Searle published his idea for a possible reform of the Gregorian Calendar. The plan was to have every new year beginning on Sunday, in order to achieve a perennial calendar. In common years the new calendar would have 52 weeks exactly, or 364 days, with February shortened to 27 days. In leap years, there would be 53 weeks, or 371 days. The extra week would be added as a holiday week, between April and May. Leap years would occur every fifth year, except for years divisible by 50, and except for one other 5th year in 400. The result would be a calendar with 20,871 weeks in 400 years, equal to the Gregorian Calendar.

In 1916, he wrote a book denouncing the Christian Science of Mary Baker Eddy.

Publications

 Plain Facts for Fair Minds: An Appeal to Candor and Common Sense (1900)
 Talks for the Times: Indifferentism, Revelation, the Catholic Church and Science, the Friend of True Progress, the Purpose of Life (1912)
 Why the Catholic Church Cannot Accept Socialism (1913)
 The Truth About Christian Science (1916)

See also
 List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics
 Leap week calendar

References

 The Catholic Encyclopedia and Its Makers (1917), p. 157; archive.org.
 George M. Searle, C.S.P., "A Possible Calendar," The Catholic World, A Monthly Magazine of General Literature and Science (Nov. 1 1905), p. 239.

External links
 A Possible Calendar

1839 births
1918 deaths
American astronomers
American Roman Catholic priests
Catholic University of America faculty
Critics of Christian Science

Discoverers of asteroids
Catholic clergy scientists
Recipients of the Lalande Prize

George Mary Searle


Norio Sugiyama  (jap. , Sugiyama Norio; * 3. März 1930 in der Präfektur Shizuoka; † 27. Februar 2012) war ein japanischer Politiker der Liberaldemokratischen Partei (LDP) und langjähriges Mitglied des Abgeordnetenhauses, dem Unterhaus des nationalen Parlaments.

Leben
Sugiyama besuchte die präfekturbetriebene Susono-Oberschule und übernahm im Anschluss den Familienbetrieb in der Milchwirtschaft. Er war Mitglied im Gemeinderat der Stadt Shimizu, dann Präfekturparlamentsabgeordneter in Shizuoka.

Bei der Shūgiin-Wahl 1983 wurde er als Kandidat der LDP erstmals zum Abgeordneten in das Unterhaus gewählt und gehörte diesem nach fünf Wiederwahlen bis 2003 an, zunächst für den Wahlkreis Shizuoka 2, nach der Wahlrechtsreform für den Verhältniswahlblock Tōkai. In der LDP schloss er sich der Ex-Takeshita-Faktion unter Shin Kanemaru an. Nachdem dieser wegen des Sagawa-Kyūbin-Skandals in die Kritik geriet, unterstützte er die Wahl von Ichirō Ozawa zum Faktionsvorsitzenden, der jedoch Keizō Obuchi unterlag und mit Tsutomu Hata eine eigene Faktion begründete. Diese verließ 1993 die LDP und gründete die Erneuerungspartei (Shinseitō), der sich auch Sugiyama anschloss. Nach deren Auflösung wurde er 1994 Mitglied der Neuen Fortschrittspartei (Shinshintō), in der neben dem Vorsitzenden Toshiki Kaifu auch Ozawa als Generalsekretär und Hata als stellvertretender Vorsitzender wiederum Führungspositionen einnahmen.

1996 kehrte er zur LDP zurück und schloss sich dort der Miyazawa-Faktion an. Zunächst war er 1996 für kurze Zeit Vorsitzender des Unterhausausschusses für Umwelt, ehe er zwischen 1996 und 1997 Vorsitzender des Unterhausausschusses für Verkehr war. Als es 2000 zur sogenannten "Katō-Rebellion" von Kōichi Katō gegen den Parteivorsitzenden-Premierminister Yoshirō Mori kam, stimmte Sugiyama gegen Katōs Misstrauensvotum gegen Mori.

Bei der Shūgiin-Wahl 2003, als er die unter Jun'ichirō Koizumi neu eingeführte Altersgrenze von 73 für eine LDP-Kandidatur in einem Verhältniswahlblock überschritt, verzichtete er auf eine erneute Kandidatur für ein Mandat im Unterhaus und zog sich weitgehend aus der Politik zurück.

Weblinks
 杉山憲夫氏が死去 元衆院議員 (28. Februar 2012)

Mitglied des Shūgiin
Mitglied des Parlaments der Präfektur Shizuoka
LDP-Mitglied (Japan)
Japaner
Geboren 1930
Gestorben 2012
Mann

Norio Sugiyama


Esperantobroen (polsk: Most Esperanto) er en 78 m lang fodgængerbro i Bydgoszcz, Polen. Broen er opkaldt efter det  internationale hjælpesprog esperanto. Broen blev indviet den 27. oktober 2012 på 125-årsdagen for sproget.

Broer i Polen
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Polen

Esperantobroen


Brosimum rubescens est une espèce d'arbre néotropical appartenant à la famille des Moraceae.

Il est connu dans les Guyanes sous les noms de Satiné rubané, Bois d'arc, Bois de lettre, Bois satiné, Lettre rubané, Lettre ravané, Lettres rouges, Satiné gris, Satiné rubané (Créole/Français), Pairi seine (Palikur), Siton-paya (Paramaka), Ndokali, Weti paya (Aluku), Satijnhout (Hollandais), Doekaliballi ibiberoebaria (Arawak).

Au Venezuela, on le nomme Cajimán, Guanacaste, Marima, Palo de Brasil (Espagnol), Fuiyu, Wadimashu (Yekwana), Wãrãke duthæ (Piaroa), Wishoguatemosi (Yanomami).

Ailleurs, il est connu sous les noms de Amapa rana, Falso pao brasil, Pau rainha, Conduru, Muirapiranga (Portugais du Brésil), Satine, Satine rubane, Satine rouge, Siton paya (Français), Satinwood (Guyana), Legno satino, Ferolia (Italien), Palo de oro (Espagnol), Doekaliballi, Satijnhout, Satinwood, Bloodwood (Anglais).

Description
Brosimum rubescens est un arbre de la canopée, ou émergent, généralement monoïque, atteignant  de haut, pour  de diamètre, et produisant un latex blanc.
Les rameaux feuillés, épais de , sont anguleux, et couverts d'une pubescence éparse à dense, de couleur jaunâtre à grisâtre.
Le bois parfait est de couleur rouge foncé plus ou moins veiné de noir et très lourd (densité : 0.95-1.05).

Le limbe mesure , est coriace à subcoriace, de forme elliptique à étroitement elliptique, lancéolée ou obovale à étroitement obovale (souvent plus larges à l'extrémité inférieure), avec un apex court à longuement acuminé, la base aiguë à obtuse, les marges entières.
La face adaxiale (au-dessus) est glabre, avec la nervure primaire presque plane.
La face abaxiale (en dessous) est glabre à légèrement pubescent, généralement à poils pluricellulaires à tête oblongoïde, avec des aréoles peu poilues, parfois avec une pubescence dense sur la nervure primaire légèrement saillantes à planes.
On compte 10-22 paires de nervures secondaires.
La nervation tertiaire est réticulée (non parallèle).
Les stipules sont fusionnées, connées, entièrement amplexicaules, longues de , presque glabres à pubérulentes à subveloutées apprimées, en forme d'éventail, sans nervation proéminente.
Le pétiole est long de , avec le périderme persistant au séchage (épiderme non desquamé).

Les inflorescences sont généralement bisexuées : 1(-3) fleurs femelles et des fleurs mâles peu nombreuses à nombreuses.
Elles sont de forme (sub)globuleuses, subturbinées à hémisphériques, mesurent  de diamètre, avec un réceptacle pubérulent, et un pédoncule pubérulent, long de .

Les fleurs staminées (mâles) ont un périanthe ± réduit, pubérulent, haut de  de haut, et sont en 3-5 parties, avec 1-3 petites étamines (le filet long de , et les anthères mesurant , avec un connectif large et renflé).

Les fleurs pistillées (femelles) comportent style pubérulent, long d'environ , un stigmate long de , et quelques dizaines de bractées pubérulentes jaunâtres à blanches, de  de diamètre.

Les infructescences sont (sub)globuleuses, atteignant  de diamètre, généralement à 1 fruit, devenant rougeâtre à maturité.

L'espèce varie dans l'indumentum, la longueur des stipules et les caractères des inflorescences (dimensions, nombre de fleurs et bractées), mais reste plutôt homogène dans la région des Guyanes, et du bassin amazonien inférieur, mais diffère dans le bassin supérieur de l'Amazone.

Répartition
Brosimum rubescens est répandu en Amérique du sud tropicale depuis le Panama, jusqu'au Brésil (bassin amazonien jusque près de Rio de Janeiro) en passant par la Colombie, le Venezuela (Bolívar, Amazonas), le Guyana, le Suriname, la Guyane, l'Équateur, le Pérou, et la Bolivie.

Écologie
Brosimum rubescens croît dans les forêts hautes sempervirentes de terre ferme (non inondées), et au Venezuela autour de . On le rencontre au Suriname dans les forêts de l'intérieur et la pourtour des savanes.

En Guyane, Brosimum rubescens fleurit en septembre, et fructifie en novembre.

La phénologie reproductive, la production et la disponibilité des graines de Brosimum rubescens a été étudiée au Brésil.
La floraison a lieu en fin de saison sèche et la fructification en début de saison des pluies.
Ses graines sont fortement prédatées par des Scolytidae, des Curculionidae et dans une moindre mesure par des vertébrés frugivores.
Les fruits de Brosimum rubescens sont consommés par les singes capucins, les perroquets et les insectes.

La classification taxonomique de Brosimum rubescens a été révisée en 2020

À l'est du Mato Grosso (Brésil), dans la zone de transition entre le Cerrado et l'Amazonie, on trouve des forêts monodominées par Brosimum rubescens, qui ont été étudiées sous divers aspects :
 sa structure et sa dynamique de régénaration,
 sa phytosociologie selon la région,
 la pluie de graines,
 le développement et la répartition des semis de Brosimum rubescens seon la luminosité,
 sa biomasse, son cycle biogéochimique,

Utilisation
Brosimum rubescens produit une gomme abondante, servant pour calfater la coque des embarcations. Ses fruits sont comestibles.

Le bois de Brosimum rubescens est un bois précieux, à l'aubier blanc, dur et compact, deux fois plus étendu que le cœur, qui est d'un beau rouge panaché de jaune, résistant naturellement aux termites et aux champignons.
Ses propriétés mécaniques ont été étudiées.
On l'utilise pour fabriquer des arcs traditionnels, des caractères d'imprimerie d'où ses noms de Bois d'arc et Bois de lettre.
Il est recommandé pour l'ébénisterie (meubles de luxe), la marqueterie (placage tranché), le tournage, les escaliers intérieurs, les lambris intérieur, la lutherie, la sculpture, la charpente lourde, les boiseries, les manches d'outils (bois résilient) et les utilisations haut de gamme.
NB : sa sciure et ses poussières peuvent provoquer des allergies ou une salivation intense.

On a étudié la variation de la capacité d'imprégnation du bois de Brosimum rubescens au traitement CCA.

Brosimum rubescens est utilisé dans la médecine traditionnelle péruvienne sous le nom de Palo de sangre. On en a extrait des substances originales dérivées de chalcone et de prényl-coumarine, que l'on a nommées palodesangren A-E, et qui présentent un puissant effet inhibiteur sur la liaison entre la 5α-dihydrotestostérone et un récepteur aux androgènes

Les extraits de Brosimum rubescens présenteraient une activité antipaludique.

Brosimum rubescens est aussi utilisé dans la pharmacopée Xavántes.

L'extraits de sciure de bois de Brosimum rubescens Taub. (qui contient des coumarines) présente des propriétés antifongiques, et a été utilisé avec succès pour lutter contre anthracnose sur les manguiers et les papayers causée par Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. en Colombie.

Les analyses chimiques de l'aubier et du duramen de Brosimum rubescens indiquent un teneur élevée du bois en xanthilethine, en triterpènes 3β-acétoxy-oléan-12-ène-28-al et β-sitostérol.

Protologue

En 1775, le botaniste Aublet propose pour Ferolia guianensis (synonyme de Brosimum rubescens), le protologue suivant :

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des plantes décrites par Fusée-Aublet

Liens externes

Espèce d'Angiospermes (nom scientifique)
Moraceae
Plante décrite par Aublet
Artisanat du bois

Brosimum rubescens


Uvariopsis, biljni rod porodice Annonaceae raširen po tropskoj Africi. Postoji 19 priznatih vrsta grmova i drveća rasprostranjenih po tropskoj Africi. Najnovioja vrsta otkrivena je i opisana 2022 godine i imenovana po glumcu Leonardu DiCapriu.

Vrste
 Uvariopsis bakeriana (Hutch. & Dalziel) Robyns & Ghesq.
 Uvariopsis bisexualis Verdc.
 Uvariopsis citrata Couvreur & Niang.
 Uvariopsis congensis Robyns & Ghesq.
 Uvariopsis congolana (De Wild.) R.E.Fr.
 Uvariopsis dicaprio Cheek & Gosline
 Uvariopsis dioica (Diels) Robyns & Ghesq.
 Uvariopsis globiflora Keay
 Uvariopsis guineensis Keay
 Uvariopsis korupensis Gereau & Kenfack
 Uvariopsis letestui Pellegr.
 Uvariopsis lovettiana Couvreur & Q.Luke
 Uvariopsis noldeae Exell & Mendonça
 Uvariopsis sessiliflora (Mildbr. & Diels) Robyns & Ghesq.
 Uvariopsis solheidii (De Wild.) Robyns & Ghesq.
 Uvariopsis submontana Kenfack, Gosline & Gereau
 Uvariopsis tripetala (Baker f.) G.E.Schatz
 Uvariopsis vanderystii Robyns & Ghesq.
 Uvariopsis zenkeri Engl.

Izvori

Annonaceae

Uvariopsis


El lago Conguillío se ubica en Chile. Se originó como un estancamiento de aguas producido por las contantes erupciones del volcán, las aguas provenientes del deshielo del volcán Llaima y la Sierra Nevada generaron con los años un lago de grandes proporciones, llegando a las 753 a 800 ha. debido a que no tiene ríos torrentosos como afluentes, el lago se mantiene calmo y con aguas cristalinas que permiten observar el fondo y los troncos de los antiguos árboles que en su momento quedaron bajo las aguas. el desagüe es producido de forma subterránea, purificando las aguas y dejando en el periodo estival grandes playas aptas para el baño.

Toponimia
Conguillio proviene de "Ko-nqilliu" que en lengua mapuche significa "Piñones en el agua" o "Entre Piñones" basándose en que abundan las araucarias y la existencia del lago.

Historia
Estudios realizados en los últimos años en el lago y sus alrededores dieron pistas sobre la existencia de vida prehispánica, existiendo asentamientos humanos, herramientas de piedra y vasijas de arcilla y barro, entendiendo que el pueblo Pehuenche vivía en la zona, alimentándose principalmente de los piñones (frutos de la araucaria), y la caza de animales. en el periodo de colonización se asentaron grupos de colonos europeos en las cercanías por la abundancia de praderas para el pastado de los animales, y así también fue como el estado chileno propone la creación de una Reserva Forestal Conguillio y luego el actual parque nacional Conguillío.

Clima
De acuerdo a la clasificación de Koeppen el lago Conguillío posee clima, TEMPLADO-CALIDO CON MENOS DE CUATRO MESES SECOS: En el área de la precordillera, las temperaturas promedios fluctúan entre los 15.1C en el mes más cálido, enero y 6.0C en junio y julio, los meses más fríos. Desde mayo a octubre las mínimas medias son inferiores a 3C, cifra que implica la ocurrencia de frecuentes heladas. Las precipitaciones oscilan entre los 1.500 a 2.500 mm al año. La humedad relativa es baja.

Flora y Fauna
En el lago principalmente existe una mayor cantidad de flora con árboles y plantas nativas de la zona de la Araucanía, entre los comunes están los Árboles:

La fauna del lago no es muy variada debido a que este no tiene un acceso directo como un río y por lo mismo está aislado de las especiaes nativas de la zona, en el existen peces introducidos como truchas arcoíris, salmones, truchas, entre otras especies.

Véase también
 Anexo:Cuencas hidrográficas de Chile

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Enciclopedia de la Flora Chilena, Flora nativa presente en el parque nacional Conguillío
 Página del Gobierno de Chile sobre el parque Conguillio .

Conguillio
Conguillío

Lago Conguillío


Una grúa pórtico para contenedores es una infraestructura de grandes dimensiones que sirve para la carga y descarga de contenedores en las terminales de contenedores de los puertos y estaciones ferroviarias, que consiste en:
 una estructura en forma de pórtico con cuatro columnas y dos vigas (con voladizo) en la parte superior,
 un sistema de rieles, en las vigas,
 una grúa implantada en un carrito que se desliza por los rieles.

Funcionamiento

La grúa pórtico realiza el traslado de los contenedores entre el muelle y el buque portacontenedores y permite que los trabajos de carga se realicen de forma rápida y eficiente. El puente ha de ser manejado de forma manual y no automática según la ley.

El operario que maneja la grúa se sienta en una cabina suspendida de la parte superior del pórtico; cuando el pórtico está a la altura del buque, maniobra para que la grúa con el spreader se desplace y descienda hasta el contenedor que se quiere cargar o descargar, acciona los twistlocks para bloquearlos, iza el contenedor y lo deposita en el muelle.

Cuando ya están en tierra, los contenedores se colocan sobre otro medio de transporte (generalmente un camión portacontenedores) o bien se apilan. Para el transporte dentro de la terminal de carga se utilizan las ya mencionadas carretillas pórtico, reach stackers o sistemas automáticos de transporte (automated guided vehicle o AGV, automated lift vehicle o ALV).

Tamaños
Generalmente, las grúas pórtico para contenedores son clasificadas según su capacidad de carga y el tamaño de los buques que son capaces de cargar y descargar.

Panamax
Una grúa Panamax puede cargar y descargar completamente un buque portacontenedores de clase Panamax, es decir capaz de pasar por el Canal de Panamá (57,91 metros; de 12 a 13 contenedores de anchura).

Post-Panamax
Una grúa "Post-Panamax" puede cargar y descargar completamente de buques demasiado anchos para pasar por el Canal de Panamá, generalmente con una anchura de 18 contenedores. Estas grúas tienen un peso aproximado de 800 a 900 toneladas.

Super-Post-Panamax
Las mayores grúas pórtico para contenedores son clasificadas como "Super-Post-Panamax", usadas para descargar los mayores buques portacontenedores (con 22 o más contenedores de anchura) y su peso varía entre las 1600 y 2000 toneladas.

Tamaños menores
También son utilizadas grúas pórtico más pequeñas, como las carretillas pórtico (en inglés, [w:en:straddle carrier straddle carrier]) en el interior de las terminales de carga. Además, las grúas pórtico de menor tamaño son usadas usualmente en instalaciones ferroviarias de carga y descarga para transferir contenedores desde los vagones a camiones ya que permiten tener los vehículos a cargar y descargar bajo su vano.  También pueden ser encontradas en los cambiadores de ancho, donde transfieren contenedores entre los trenes de anchos diferentes.

Véase también
 Sidelifter

Referencias

Bibliografía
Brinkmann, B.: Seehäfen – Planung und Entwurf. Springer, Berlín, Nueva York 2005

Infraestructuras de transporte
Puertos
Transporte de mercancías
Grúas

Grúa pórtico para contenedores


Styrelsen for Vand- og Naturforvaltning (SVANA) var en statslig myndighed på vand- og naturområdet. SVANA hørte under Miljø- og Fødevareministeriet.

SVANA opstod den 1. juli 2016, da Naturstyrelsen blev delt i to styrelser. Naturstyrelsen forvalter fortsat Miljø- og Fødevareministeriets skov- og naturarealer. Naturstyrelsen gennemfører også naturprojekter, og har opgaver med friluftsliv og jagt.

SVANA stod for overvågning af vand og natur og for grundvandskortlægning. Styrelsen havde også ansvaret for jagt- og vildtforvaltningen - herunder udstedelse af jagttegn.

SVANA administrerede tilskud til skov-, vådområde- og vandløbsprojekter.

Styrelsen blev pr. 1. februar 2017 lukket og opgaverne flyttet til Miljøstyrelsen.

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger
 SVANA's webside

Danske styrelser
Naturbeskyttelse i Danmark
Etableret i 2016
Miljøpolitik
Ophørt i 2017

Styrelsen for Vand- og Naturforvaltning


An Stylochaeton crassispathus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Josef Bogner. An Stylochaeton crassispathus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Stylochaeton, ngan familia nga Araceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nadudultan.

Mabibilngan ini ha Tanzania. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Stylochaeton

Stylochaeton crassispathus


Tábua Portekiz'de aynı adı taşıyan Tábua belediyesine bağlı olan, 24,61 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 3.035 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Tábua (bucak)


Lumby est une communauté située dans la province de la Colombie-Britannique, dans la Chaîne Monashee.

Notes et références

Municipalité en Colombie-Britannique

Lumby


This is a list of aviation-related events from 1926:

Events
 Award of the Harmon Trophy begins. A set of three trophies is awarded annually to the worlds outstanding aviator, aviatrix (female aviator), and aeronaut (balloon or dirigible aviator) for the year, and a fourth trophy (the National Trophy) is awarded to the outstanding aviator for the year in each of the 21 member countries of the International League of Aviators.
 Fiat acquires the Società Anonima Aeronautica Ansaldo aircraft manufacturing subsidiary from the Gio. Ansaldo & C. shipbuilding company and combines it with its own Società Italiana Aviazione subsidiary to form a new Società Anonima Aeronautica d'Italia subsidiary for the design and production of aircraft.
 The first known reforestation of land by aircraft is carried by airplanes operating from Wheeler Field on Oahu in the Territory of Hawaii.
 Harold Frederick Pitcairn founds the Pitcairn Aircraft Company. It later will become the Autogiro Company of America.
 Summer 1926 – A Lieutenant Jira of Czechoslovakia flies Avia B.9.11 L-BONG  from Prague to Paris and back at an average speed of , a notable achievement at the time for an aircraft of the B.9s class.

January
 January 6 – Deutsche Luft Hansa is formed by the merger of Deutscher Aero Lloyd and Junkers Luftverkehr.
 January 22 – A Spanish four-man crew led by Spanish Air Force Major Ramón Franco – the brother of future Spanish dictator Francisco Franco – and including Captain Julio Ruiz de Alda Miqueleiz takes off from the Rio Tinto at Palos de Moguer, Spain, to begin a seven-stop flight to Buenos Aires in the Dornier Do J Wal ("Whale") flying boat Plus Ultra ("Farther Still"). After flying low past the Christopher Columbus Monument in Huelva, Spain, they make an uneventful 806-mile (1,298-km) flight to their first stop at Las Palmas in the Canary Islands.
 January 26 – Ramón Franco and his crew complete the second leg of their Spain-to-Buenos Aires flight, flying  from Las Palmas in the Canary Islands to Porto Praia in the Cape Verde Islands in 9 hours 50 minutes.
 January 30 – Ramón Franco and his crew complete the third and longest leg of their Spain-to-Buenos Aires flight, flying  from Barrera de Inferno in the Cape Verde Islands to Fernando de Noronha in 12 hours at an altitude of . It is the second-longest nonstop flight in history – exceeded only by a 1,890-mile North Atlantic Ocean crossing in a Vickers Vimy on 14-15 June 1919 by John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown – and they become the first aviators to cross the South Atlantic Ocean using only one aircraft. Rough weather forces them to spend the night on their flying boat Plus Ultra before they can dock at Fernando de Noronha.
 January 31 – Forced to throw their gear and luggage overboard to remain airborne after an in-flight engine failure, Ramón Franco and his crew complete the fourth leg of their Spain-to-Buenos Aires flight, flying  from Fernando de Noronha to Recife, Brazil, where they receive a hero's welcome.

February
 February 4 – Spanish Air Force Major Ramón Franco, copilot/navigator Captain Julio Ruiz de Alda Miqueleiz, and their crew complete the fifth leg of their Spain–to–Buenos Aires flight in the Dornier Do J Wal ("Whale") flying boat Plus Ultra ("Farther Still"), flying  from Recife, Brazil] to Rio de Janeiro in 12 hours 16 minutes. Franco is at the controls for the entire flight. So many boats meet them that they have difficulty landing in Guanabara Bay without colliding with one.
 February 9 – Ramón Franco and his crew complete the sixth leg of their Spain-to-Buenos Aires flight, flying  from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Montevideo, Uruguay, in 12 hours 5 minutes.
 February 10 – Ramón Franco and his crew complete their Spain-to-Buenos Aires flight, flying the journey's seventh leg, a  flight from Montevideo, Uruguay, to Buenos Aires where they receive another welcome by exuberant crowds. Over 20 days, they have completed the 6,300-mile (10,145-km) trip from Spain in just under 51 hours of flying time, a considerable achievement for the time. Franco's plans to fly back to Spain in Plus Ultra via Chile, Mexico, Cuba, and the Azores will be cancelled when the Government of Spain opts to present the plane to the Government of Argentina as a gift. Plus Ultras crew instead will return to Spain aboard the Argentine Navy protected cruiser Buenos Aires as Spanish national heroes.
 February 12 – Straying  off course while flying a Curtiss Carrier Pigeon for the United States Post Office on the overnight airmail delivery route from Chicago to New York City, pioneering American pilot Art Smith dies when he crashes into a grove of trees near Montpelier, Ohio. He is the second U.S. overnight mail service pilot to die on duty.

March
 March 1 – Four Royal Air Force Fairey IIIDs begin a long-distance flight, taking them from Cairo to Cape Town and then on to Lee-on-Solent, England, where they will arrive on June 2.
 March 16 – Robert Goddard launches the first liquid-fuelled rocket near Auburn, Massachusetts.
 March 24 – The Cierva Autogiro Company is founded in the United Kingdom.

April
 April 1 – The Italian airline Società Italiana Servizi Aerei begins operations linking Trieste, Venice, Pavia, and Turin with CANT 10 flying boats.
 April 6 – Varney Speed Lines begins operations in the U.S. It will later become Continental Airlines.
 April 7 – The Italian airline Società Anonima Navigazione Aerea (SANA) begins fight operations, offering flying boat service on the Genoa–Rome–Naples–Palermo route.
 April 10 – Three United States Army Air Service aircraft take photographs of an eruption of Mauna Loa volcano on the island of Hawaii, providing valuable scientific information.
 April 17 – Western Air Express (the future Western Airlines) begins operations with a contract mail flight from Salt Lake City, Utah, to Los Angeles, using a Douglas M-2. The airline will begin passenger services a month later.
 April 30 – Bessie Coleman, the first licensed African-American female pilot, is killed along with mechanic William Wills, who was piloting the plane, after they crash as a result of a wrench that Wills accidentally left loose getting stuck in the control gears.

May
 May 1 – Deutsche Luft Hansa begins the first night passenger airline service, with domestic flights in Germany between Berlin and Königsberg employing Junkers G 24 aircraft.
 May 4 – The Stinson Aircraft Corporation is incorporated.
 May 6 – Flying a Blackburn Dart, Flight Lieutenant Gerald Boyce makes the first night deck landing in history, landing aboard the British aircraft carrier  off the south coast of England.
 May 9 – Richard Byrd and Floyd Bennett make the first flight over the North Pole in a Fokker VIIa-3m.
 May 11–14 - Roald Amundsen makes the first airship flight over the North Pole. The Norge leaves Spitzbergen and arrives in Teller, Alaska, three days later.
 May 20 – The Air Commerce Act becomes law in the United States. It creates an Aeronautics Branch within the United States Department of Commerce, vesting that entity with regulatory powers to ensure civil air safety, including testing and licensing pilots, issuing certificates to guarantee the airworthiness of aircraft, making and enforcing safety rules, certifying aircraft, establishing airways, operating and maintaining aids to air navigation, and investigating accidents and incidents in aviation. It also directs that airways in the United States be charted for the first time, and assigns the responsibility to chart them to the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.

June
 June 20 – The United States Coast Guard opens the first permanent Coast Guard Air Stations.
 June 26 – Flying a Potez 28, Ludovic Arrachart and his brother Paul depart Paris. By the time a broken fuel pipe forces them to land at RAF Shaibah near Basra, Iraq, 26 hours 30 minutes later, they will have set a new world aviation nonstop distance record of .
 June 30 – Alan Cobham sets out on a round trip from England to Australia in a de Havilland DH.50. He will arrive back in London on October 1 and receive a knighthood for his accomplishment.

July
 July 2
 The United States Army Air Service becomes the United States Army Air Corps.
 In accordance with the redesignation of its parent service, the Air Service Tactical School at Langley Field in Virginia is renamed the Air Corps Tactical School.
 July 24 – Two Deutsche Luft Hansa Junkers G.24s leave Berlin to make a round-trip to Beijing. They will return on September 26.
 July 26 – During United States Navy experiments with the operation of seaplanes from a submarine equipped with an aircraft hangar, the submarine  carries out for the first time a full cycle of surfacing, removing the disassembled seaplane from its hangar, assembling it, launching it, retrieving it, disassembling it, stowing in its hangar, and submerging, on the Thames River at New London, Connecticut.

August
 August 18 – Flying in bad weather on a scheduled passenger flight from Paris-Le Bourget Airport outside Paris to Croydon Airport in London with 15 people aboard, the Air Union Blériot 155 F-AIEB Wilbur Wright strikes the roof of a barn and crashes into haystacks near Hurst, Kent, south of Lympne Airport, killing its two crew members and two of its 13 passengers.

September
 September 10–17 – The Daily Mail sponsors the third and final light airplane trials at Lympne Aerodrome in Lympne, England. A Hawker Cygnet flown by George Bulman wins. Flying an Avro 581 Avian, Bert Hinkler takes second place in three of the six trials before withdrawing with magneto problems.
 September 21 – Hoping to win the Orteig Prize, French World War I ace René Fonck attempts to take off from Roosevelt Field on Long Island in a severely overloaded Sikorsky S-35 for a nonstop transatlantic flight to Paris. The aircraft loses a wheel on takeoff, fails to gain lift, cartwheels off a bluff, and bursts into flames, killing two of its crew. Fonck survives.
 September 26 – The French aviators Dieudonné Costes and René de Vitrolles fly  from Paris to Assuan, Egypt, in an attempt to break the world distance record.

October
 October 2 – During a scheduled passenger flight from Paris-Le Bourget Airport outside Paris to Croydon Airport in London, the Air Union Blériot 155 F-AICQ Clément Ader experiences an in-flight engine fire and attempts an emergency landing at Leigh, Kent. It crashes and is consumed by fire, killing all seven people on board.
 October 21 – The British airship R.33 makes further parasite fighter tests, releasing two Gloster Grebes from .
 October 22 – Curtiss F6C Hawk fighters of the United States Navys Fighter Squadron 2 (VF-2) surprise U.S. Navy capital ships sortieing from San Pedro Harbor in California with a simulated dive-bombing attack, diving almost vertically from . It generally is considered the birth of modern dive bombing.
 October 28 – The French aviators Dieudonné Costes and J. Rignot break the world distance record, flying  from Paris to Jask, Persia, as a part of  Paris–India–Paris flight.

November
 November 6 – Italo Balbo becomes Italy′s Secretary of State for Air.
 November 13 – The 1926 Schneider Trophy race is flown at Hampton Roads, Virginia. Mario de Bernardi of Italy wins in a Macchi M.39 at , a new world speed record.
 November 15 – T. Neville Stack and B. S. Leete leave England in an attempt to reach India by air in a de Havilland DH.60. They will arrive in Karachi on January 8, 1927.
 November 17 – Mario de Bernardi breaks his four-day-old world speed record, reaching  in the same Macchi M.39 at Hampton Roads, Virginia, USA.

December
 December 22 – Bert Hinkler and John F. Leeming, flying an Avro 585 Gosport biplane G-EBPH, successfully land on and take off from the summit of Helvellyn in England.

First flights
 Avro 571 Buffalo
 Boulton Paul Sidestrand
 Cierva C.8
 Fairchild 71
 Farman F.150
 Junkers A 32
 Junkers A 35
 Junkers G 31
 Latécoère 26
 Levasseur PL.4
 Pitcairn PA-2 Sesquiwing
 Pitcairn PA-3 Orowing
 Potez 28
 Westland Westbury
 Wright-Bellanca WB-2
 c. 1926 – Mitsubishi 2MB1
 Spring 1926 – Westland Racer

January
 January 12 – Polikarpov DI-1
 January 25 – Stinson Detroiter

February
 Latécoère 25
 February 19 – Dornier N/Kawasaki Ka 87

March
 Armstrong Whitworth Argosy G-EBLF

April
 April 24 - Handley Page Harrow (HP.31)

May
 May 5 – Wright XF3W Apache
 May 7 – Blériot 127

June
 ca. June – Saunders A.3 Valkyrie
 June 11 – Ford 4-AT Trimotor
 June 14 – Fairchild FC-1, prototype of the Fairchild FC-2
 June 17 – Junkers W 33
 June 19 – Blackburn Iris
 June 26
Avro 566 Avenger
Avro Tutor

July
 Latécoère 21
 July 6 – Macchi M.39

August
 August 9 – Focke-Wulf GL 18

September
 Avro 581, prototype of the Avro Avian
 De Havilland DH.66 Hercules G-EBMW

October
 October 25 - Spartan C3
 October 27 - Blériot 165

November
 Saunders A.4 Medina G-EBMG
 November 3 – Boeing XF2B-1

Entered service
 Levasseur PL.2 with French Naval Aviation aboard the aircraft carrier Béarn

May
 Farman F.170 Jabiru with Société Générale des Transports Aériens

June
 Breguet 19 B.2 bomber variant with the 11e Régiment d'Aviation de Bombardement of the French Armys Aéronautique Militaire
 June 16 – Armstrong Whitworth Argosy G-EBLO with Imperial Airways

August
 Lioré et Olivier 21 with Air Union

September
 Martin T3M with the United States Navy

December
 SABCA S.2 with SABENA

Retirements
 Grigorovich M-24 by Soviet Naval Aviation

March
 Avro 549 Aldershot by No. 99 Squadron, Royal Air Force

References

 Taylor, H.A. Fairey Aircraft since 1915. London:Putnam, 1988. .

Aviation by year

1926 in aviation