Jako ya da Gri Afrika papağanı, Türkiye'deki adıyla gri papağan (Psittacus erithacus), papağangiller (Psittacidae) familyasından orta büyüklükte bir papağan türü.

Orta büyüklükte papağandır. 30–35 cm boyutlarında gri ve siyah tonlardadır. Kuyruğu kırmızı veya bordodur.

Papağan türleri içinde en çok bilinenidir. Uzmanlar tarafından da en zeki tür olarak nitelenir. Romalıların sıkça beslediği söylenir . Psittacus cinsinin günümüzdeki tek temsilcisidir.

Konuşma yeteneği oldukça gelişmiş olan jakoların iyi bir bakımla bin kelimeye kadar ezberleyebildiği ve sorulan sorulara mantıklı cevaplarla karşılık verebildiği bilinmektedir.

Batı ve Orta Afrika'nın birincil ve ikincil yağmur ormanlarının endemik türlerinden olan jako, doğada, palmiye cevizi, tohum, meyve, hatta salyangoz ile beslenir.

Esarette 80-90 yıla kadar yaşadıkları bilinmektedir. Papağan türleri arasında en taklitçi tür olarak bilinir. Bu taklitçiliği (kimi uzmanlar bunu "zeka" belirtisi olarak sunarlar), onun sevilen bir kafes kuşu olmasını kolaylaştırmış ve yaygın biçimde yetiştilmesine yol açmıştır. Ancak Jako'larda en sık görülen davranış bozukluğu olan tüy yolma eksik ilgi nedeniyle oluşmaktadır.

Alex adındaki jako, insan dışında varoluşsal soru soran ilk ve tek hayvandır.

Alt türleri
 Kongo jakosu (Psittacus erithacus erithacus) : Nominat olan bu alt tür, Timneh alt türünden daha büyüktür. Yaklaşık 33 cm dir. Parlak gri tüylü, kiraz kırmızısı kuyruklu ve kara gagalıdır. Fildişi Sahili'nin güneydoğusundan batı Kenya, kuzeybatı Tanzanya, güney Zaire ve kuzey Angola'ya uzanan coğrafyada yayılım gösterir.
 Timneh jakosu (Psittacus erithacus timneh) : Diğer alt türden daha küçüktür. Koyu kömürsü gri renkte, kestane rengi kuyruklu, alt çeneye kadarki olan bölümü parlak boynuz renklidir. Batı Afrika'da yukarı Gine ormanlarında, Sierra Leone, güney Mali'den Fildişi Sahili'ne uzanan coğrafyada yayılım gösterir. Diğer alt türe göre daha kolay "konuşturulabilir".

Gri Afrika Papağanı popülasyonu
Jako türü 2007 yılında Tehdit Altındaki Türler Listesi'ne girmiştir. Evcil hayvan ticareti başta olmak üzere bir dizi nedenle yabani yaşamdaki Gri Papağan türlerinin nüfusunda ciddi azalmalar görülmüştür.

Gri Afrika Papağanı'nın yaşadığı bölge Batı ve Orta Afrika'daki yağmur ormanlarıdır. Gri Papağanlar, barınmak için yağmur ormanlarındaki yaşlı dev ağaçlara gereksinim duymaktadır. Bu bölgelerdeki ormanların insan eliyle azaltılmasıyla, Jako'ların yaşam alanları da azaltılmaktadır.

Gri Afrika Papağanı, Nesli Tehlike Altında Olan Yabani Hayvan ve Bitki Türlerinin Uluslararası Ticaretine İlişkin İkinci Ek Sözleşmesi'nde yer alan alan listede bulunmaktadır. Bu sözleşme, uluslararası ticaretin vahşi yaşamı etkilememesi üzerine alınan önlemleri içermektedir. 1994-2003 yılları arasında gerçekleşen 350 binden fazla ihracat işlemi ile Gri Papağan en çok ihraç edilen vahşi hayvan türlerinden birisidir.

ABD'de, 1992 yılında çıkan Kuş Koruma Yasası'yla, vahşi ortamda yakalanan Gri Afrika Papağanlarının ticareti yasaklanmıştır. Avrupa Birliği de, 2007'de çıkarttığı bir yönergeyle vahşi kuş ticaretini önemli ölçüde engellemiştir.

Kaynakça

Neredeyse tehdit altında olan hayvanlar
Psittacus
Afrika kuşları
Kamerun faunası
Orta Afrika faunası
Hayvan zekâsı
1758'de tanımlanan kuşlar
Konuşan kuşlar
Afrika papağanları
Carl Linnaeus tarafından adlandırılmış taksonlar

Jako


Poker, şans, sinir hakimiyeti ve taktiğe dayalı bir iskambil oyunudur. Birçok poker oynama çeşitleri vardır; genelde en çok bilineni ve oynananı Texas Hold'em'dir. Ancak bütün oyunlarda amaç en iyi beşli seriyi yapmaktır. Strip poker, çevrimiçi poker, Çin pokeri gibi türleri mevcuttur.

Amaç
Kazanmak ve rakipte çip (oyun parası) bırakmamaktır.

Uzun vadede
 Oynanan ellerle maksimum parayı kazanmaktır.
En fazla parayı kazanıp rakiplerine kaptırmadan onların paralarını sıfırlamaktır.

Genel Bilgiler
 Oyuncu Sayısı: 2-10 kişi.
 Tür: Bahis
 Deste: 1 adet 52 kartlık deste ile oynanır.
 Tur: masada yeterli oyuncu bulunduğu sürece oynanır.
 Kart Sıralaması: A, K, Q, J, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2
 Oyun Yönü: Saat yönündedir.
 Eşli oynanmaz.

Ellerin Değerleri
Royal Renk (Royal Flush): Aynı renkteki ardışık olan en büyük beş karttır. 1=2=3=4
 AKQJ10
 AKQJ10
 AKQJ10
 AKQJ10

Sıralı Renk (Straight Flush): Aynı renkteki ardışık beş karttır. 1>2=3>4
 QJ1098
 109876
 109876
 65432

Kare (Quad): Farklı renklerdeki değerce aynı dört kart; kare as, kare dokuz, kare altı, kare iki diye adlandırılır. 1>2>3>4
 AAAA
 9999
 6666
 2222

Ful (Full House): Farklı renklerdeki aynı 3 kart ve yanında farklı renklerdeki aynı 2 kart ful olarak adlandırılır.1>2>3>4
 AAA55
 KKK77
 55599
 222AA

Renk (Flush): Aynı renkteki 5 karta denir. 1>2=3>4
 A9532
 Q8743
 Q8743
 98654

Kent (Straight): Farklı renklerdeki ardışık 5 karta denir. 1>2=3>4
 AKQJ10
 98765
 98765
 65432

Set (Three of a Kind): Farklı renklerdeki aynı 3 karta denir. 1>2>3>4
 AAA54
 KKK72
 55593
 222AK

Döper (Two Pair): Farklı renklerdeki aynı 2 kart yanında ilkinden farklı olmak üzere farklı renklerdeki aynı 2 kart daha çıkması döper olarak adlandırılır. 1>2=3>4
 AAKKJ
 QQ997
 QQ997
 3322A

Per (Pair): Farklı renklerden 2 aynı kart as per, kız per, ikili per şeklinde adlandırılır. 1>2=3>4
 AA752
 QQ987
 QQ987
 2243A

Yüksek Kart/ Beş Benzemez (High Card): Renkleri ve sayıları aynı olmayan 5 kart durumunda eldeki en yüksek karta bakılır. 1>2=3>4
 AK962
 QJ987
 QJ987
 76432

Terimler
 Kav: Oyun başlangıcında elde mevcut olması gereken paradır.
 Ganyota-mano: Mekan sahibinin aldığı oyun parası ya da yüzdeye denir.
 Tek: 1 kart istemeye denir.
 Çift kart: 2 kart istemeye denir.
 Dol/ Dol ver/ Doldur: 3 kart istemektir.
 Pot: Oyunun başında veya oyun sırasında her oyuncunun diğer oyuncuyu görerek veya artırarak ortaya koyduğu paraya denir.
 Giriş: Oyuna girmek için pot'a (ortaya) konan paradır.
 Açık: İlk bahsi yapmaya denir.
 Görmek: Oyun sırası kendine gelen oyuncunun oyuna devam etmek istemesi halinde bir önceki oyuncunun ortaya koyduğu para miktarı kadar pot'a para koyarak oyuna devam etmesidir.
 Artırmak: Sırası gelen oyuncunun oyuna devam etmek istemesi halinde bir önceki oyuncunun ortaya koyduğu para miktarı kadar, pot'a para koymasından sonra daha fazla parayı pot'a koyarak oyuna devam etmesidir.
 Maksimum bahis: Oyun başlangıcında tüm oyuncular tarafından o oyun içinde kullanılabilecek maksimumum görme veya artırma miktarıdır.
 Bop: İlk konuşma sırasında oyuncuya sıra geldiğinde hiçbir oyuncu bahis yapmamış veya artırmamış ise sırası gelen oyuncu bahis yapıp oyunu açmak istememesine rağmen oyunda kalıp sonradan herhangi bir artış olduğunda bu oyuncunun bu artışı görme veya daha da artırma seçenekleri saklı kalmak üzere söylediği sözdür.
 Pas: O tur oyuna girmeyeceğini veya o tur devam ederken oyundan çıkmak için söylenen sözdür.
 Blöf: Elinde değerli kartlar olmadığı halde yüksek bahisler öne sürerek diğer oyunculara elinde değerli kartlar olduğunda inandırmaya çalışmadır.
 Rest (All-in): Önündeki tüm parayı bahse koymaya denir.
 Rölans: Düşünmek için süre istemektir.
 İflas: Elindeki tüm parayı kaybetmektir.
 Düğme: Dağıtanı hatırlatmak için önüne konan fiştir.

Kurallar
 Tüm renklerin değeri eşittir. Ancak 5 benzemez veya eşit eller geldiğinde kupa, maça, karo, sinek sıralaması uygulanır.
 Oyun başlangıcında maksimum bahis belirlenir.
 Her turun başlangıcında kartlar dağıtılmadan oyunculara yere pot koyar.
 A; floş veya kent'te en düşük kart olarak kullanılabilir.

Kartların Dağıtılması
 Dağıtan oyuncu; desteyi karıştırdıktan sonra, sağ tarafındaki oyuncu  desteyi keser.
 Dağıtan oyuncu, kartları sol tarafındaki oyuncudan başlamak üzere yüzleri yere gelecek şekilde 1er 1er 5 kart dağıtır.
 Bir sonraki tur bir önceki tur dağıtanın solundaki oyuncu dağıtıcı olur.

Oyuna Başlama
Oyuna başlarken kartları dağıtandan sonraki kişi küçük kör bahisçi olur ve önceden belirlenen küçük kör bahsi pota koyar
küçük kör bahisçiden sonraki kişi ise büyük kör bahisçidir. bu da önceden belirlenen büyük kör bahsi pota koyar.

Büyük kör bahis, küçük kör bahsin 2 katıdır. Daha sonraki oyuncular pot girebilmek için en az büyük kör bahis miktarını koymalıdır. herkes artırmadan görürse küçük kör bahisçi pota girmek için yarım fiş daha sürebilir ya da artırabilir. büyük kör bahisçi ise fiş sürmez ya da artırabilir.

. Dört kart isteyene önce üç kart kapalı verilir, sıradaki kart yere atılır, sonra sıradaki kart kapalı şekilde dördüncü kart olarak verilir.

. Masada birden fazla floş royal varsa Asların rengine bakılır, kupa büyüktür maçadan büyüktür karodan büyüktür sinekten.

1. Konuşma
 Dağıtan oyuncunun solundaki oyuncudan başlamak üzere tüm oyuncular ellerine bakarak sırayla oyuna girip girmeyeceklerini belirtirler. Girmeyenler bunu pas diyerek belirtirler.
 Oyuna girenler ortaya bir bahis koyarak belirtirler. Bu aynı zamanda ellerindeki kartların gücünün göstergesidir.Tabii oyuncular blöf de yapıyor olabilirler.
 Bu konuşma hiçbir oyuncu artırma yapmayıncaya kadar devam eder.
 İlk konuşma sırasında sıra size gelene kadar hiç kimse artırma yapmadıysa:
 bahis diyerek maksimum bahsi aşmayan bir miktar artırma ile oyunu başlatabilirsiniz.
 bop diyerek ortaya para koymadan oyunun devam etmesini sağlayıp, daha sonraki gelişmelere göre oyuna devam edip etmeme kararı alabilirsiniz.
 Oyunculardan biri bahsi açtığında 4 seçeneğiniz vardır.
 görmek sizden önceki oyuncunun pota koyduğu kadar miktarı koyarak oyuna devam etmek.
 artırmak sizden önceki oyuncunun pota koyduğu kadar miktarı koyup üstüne daha fazla miktar koyarak oyuna devam etmek.
 pas oyundan çekilmek.
 rest bütün paranızı pota koymak.

Kart İsteme
 Bu ana kadar pas demeyen oyuncular ellerinde istemedikleri kart/lar yerine yeni kart/lar isteyebilirler.
 Oyuna giren her oyuncu maksimum 4 kart değiştirme hakkına sahiptir. Yere bırakılan ve yeni verilen kartlar yüzleri yere bakacak şekilde verilir.
 Dağıtıcı soldan başlayarak sırası ile oyuna giren oyuncuların istedikleri sayıda kartı kendilerine verir.
 Dört kart isteyene önce üç kart kapalı verilir, sıradaki kart yere atılır, sonra sıradaki kart kapalı şekilde dördüncü kart olarak verilir.
 Masada birden fazla floş royal varsa Asların rengine bakılır, kupa büyüktür maçadan büyüktür karodan büyüktür sinekten.
 Kağıtları adları, As, Rua, Dam, Vale, Onlu, dokuzlu... Üçlü, İkili diye tabir edilir.
 Genelde 4 kişi tarafından 7'liden As'a kadar 52 kağıtla, her bir oyuncu ilavesinde 6'lılar, 5'liler... gibi, desteye ilave edilerek oynanır.

Oynama (2. Konuşma)
 Kartlar değiştirildikten sonra oyuna giren oyunculardan ilkinden başlayarak bahisler yeniden başlar.
 Sizin oyunu açma veya bop hakkınız vardır. Bir başkası açtıysa siz görebilir, artırabilir veya pas geçebilirsiniz.
 Oyun daha fazla artıran olmadığında, bütün oyuncular diğer oyuncuların bahislerini gördüğünde veya herkes pas geçtiğinde (tabii ki kazanan hariç) biter.
 Oyuna giren oyunculardan bahisleri görenler kartlarını önlerine açarlar ve en değerli ele sahip olan potu kazanır.

Stratejiler
Oyunda kalmanın tek yolu pas geçmemektir. Eğer kötü bir eliniz varsa en kısa sürede pas geçmeye bakınız.
İyi bir eliniz olduğunu düşünüyorsanız yeni kartlar alarak daha da iyileştirebildiyseniz o zaman ciddi olarak oyuna dahil olmayı düşünün.
Çok iyi bir eliniz varsa bunu belli etmeyin, çünkü diğer oyuncular bunu anladığında pas geçecekler ve pottaki çok az bir parayla yetinmek zorunda kalırsınız.
Buradaki mesele herkesin daha fazla bahis yapmasını sağlamak ve daha fazla para kazanmaktır.
Bunun yolu da "iyi bir yalancı" ve "iyi bir aktör" olmaktan geçer.

Jargon
 Sözlü bir terim olmasa da, masaya hafifçe 2 kere tıklatmak bop anlamına gelir. kaybeden masaya bir kere vurarak yenildiği ele, oyuncuya saygısını belirtir.
 Eşek: İki as, iki papazdan oluşan döper.
 Sponsor olmak: İlk ele girmek fakat bahis artırılınca oyundan çıkıp yalnızca bir miktar parayı vermiş olmaktır.

Kaynakça

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri icatları
Çok oyunculu oyunlar
Zekâ oyunları
Şans oyunları
Amerikan kart oyunları

Poker


بوريس ترايكوفسكي (25 يونيو 1956 - 26 فبراير 2004)، رئيس جمهورية مقدونيا الثاني من عام 1999 إلى 2004. توفي في حادث طائرة بالقرب من موستار في البوسنة في 26 شباط - فبراير من سنة 2004.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص توفوا أثناء شغلهم لمنصب
أشخاص من بلدية ستروميتسا
حائزون على وسام القديس ميخائيل والقديس جرجس
رؤساء جمهورية مقدونيا
سياسيون توفوا أثناء شغلهم لمنصب
سياسيون مقدونيون
ضحايا حوادث طيران في البوسنة والهرسك
مسيحيون مقدونيون
مواليد 1956
ميثوديون مقدونيون
وفيات 2004
وفيات في موستار

بوريس ترايكوفسكي


Die Copa del Rey 1925 war die 23. Austragung des spanischen Fußballpokals.

Der Wettbewerb startete am 1. März und endete mit dem Finale am 10. Mai 1925 im Estadio Reina Victoria in Sevilla. Titelverteidiger des Pokalwettbewerbes war Real Unión. Den Titel gewann der FC Barcelona durch einen 2:0-Erfolg im Finale gegen Arenas Club.

Teilnehmer

Viertelfinale
Das Viertelfinale fand in vier Gruppen mit Hin- und Rückspielen statt. Die jeweiligen Gruppensieger qualifizierten sich für das Halbfinale.

Gruppe 1
Die Spiele wurden zwischen dem 1. März und 5. April ausgetragen.

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Gruppe 2
Die Spiele wurden am 15. März und 5. April ausgetragen.

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Entscheidungsspiele
Das Spiel wurde am 12. Mai in Valencia ausgetragen.

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Gruppe 3
Die Spiele wurden zwischen dem 8. März und 5. April ausgetragen.

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Gruppe 4
Die Spiele wurden zwischen dem 1. März und 12. April ausgetragen.

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Halbfinale
Die Hinspiele wurden am 19. April, die Rückspiele am 26. April 1925 ausgetragen.

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Entscheidungsspiele
Das Spiel wurde am 3. Mai in Saragossa ausgetragen.

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Finale

Weblinks
 Spielplan und Ergebnisse (linguasport.com)

1925
Fußballsaison 1925

Copa del Rey 1925


Dinçer Sümer (19 Mart 1938, İzmir - 9 Eylül 2019, İzmir), Türk tiyatro yazarı, yönetmeni, oyuncusu ve seslendirme sanatçısı.

Öğrenim yıllarında gazetecilik yaptı. Bu sırada tiyatrolarda çalıştı, sinema filmlerinde rol aldı. Şiir ve radyo oyunlarıyla edebiyata girdi. Ankara Devlet Konservatuvarı Tiyatro Yüksek Bölümü'nü bitirdi. Tiyatro üzerine Polonya, Almanya ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde araştırmalar yaptı.

Dinçer Sümer, 1961'de Devlet Tiyatroları'nda oyuncu ve yönetmen olarak çalışmaya başladı. Devlet Tiyatroları Edebi Kurulu'nda ve Tiyatro Yazarları Derneği yönetiminde bulundu. Anadolu Üniversitesi'nde dramaturg dersi öğretim görevlisi olarak görev yaptı.

Dinçer Sümer'e Türk Dil Kurumu, TRT ve TBMM gibi pek çok kurumdan sanata yaptığı katkılardan dolayı verilen ödüllerin yanı sıra, 1998 yılında da Kültür Bakanlığı tarafından Devlet Sanatçısı unvanı verilmiştir.

Cumhurbaşkanlığı Sanat Danışmanlığı da yapan Dinçer Sümer'in ''Eski Fotoğraflar'' adlı tiyatro oyunu 2008 yılında sinemaya aktarıldı. Necef Uğurlu ve Jülide Övür'ün yönetmenliğini yaptıkları filmde, Ahmet Uğurlu ve Bennu Yıldırımlar rol aldı.

İlk olarak 1976 yılında sahnelendiğinden beri Türk Tiyatrosu'nun en çok izlenen oyunlarından olan ''Eski Fotoğraflar''ı, ilk izlediğinde 20 yaşında olan Ahmet Uğurlu, bu rolü oynama hayalini 26 yıl sonra 46 yaşında gerçekleştirdiğini söyleyerek, heyecanını farklı bir bakış açısıyla ifade etmişti. Sıradan insanların trajedilerinin anlatıldığı filmde, zıt dünyaların altını çizmek istediklerini belirten Necef Uğurlu, filmin temasını; ''Her iyinin bir kötü yanı, her kötünün de bir iyi yanı vardır. Her insanın bir masum hikâyesi vardır. İnsanların hayatları yanlış kişilerle kesişebilir'' sözleriyle anlatmıştı.

Sümer, 9 Eylül 2019 tarihinde tedavi gördüğü hastanede öldü.

Kitapları
 1994 Toplu Oyunları 1, Eski Fotoğraflar / Gül Satardı Melek Hanım / Katip Çıkmazı / Maviydi Bisikletim
 1996 Aklımda Kalan Masallar
 1996 Bir Düş Müydü O İzmir
 1997 Toplu Oyunları 2, Gecenin Kulları / Memuroğlu Memur
 2003 Toplu Oyunları 3, "Ali Ayşeyi Seviyo" / Beni Dünya Kadar Sev
 2008 Toplu Oyunları 4, Sandalım Kıyıya Bağlı / Marion İle Memet

Kaynakça

1938 doğumlular
2019 yılında ölenler
İzmir doğumlu erkek oyuncular
Türk erkek tiyatro oyuncuları
Türk tiyatro yönetmenleri
Devlet Sanatçıları

Dinçer Sümer


عبد المنعم المحجوب عبد المنعم المحجوب (سنة 1963) باحث ولغوي ومفكر من ليبيا بدأ النشر مع مطلع ثمانينيات القرن الماضي، وتتنوّع إسهاماته بين الفلسفة والتاريخ واللغة والنقد الأدبي والترجمة، وله مجموعات شعرية ونصوص أدبية أخرى.

وُلد الدكتور عبد المنعم المحجوب بصرمان شرق مدينة صبراتة الأثرية غرب ليبيا عام 1963 م. درس الإدارة الصناعية بجامعة جورج براون George Brown College بتورنتو بكندا في مطلع شبابه، ثم انقطع عن التعليم لمدة ثلاث سنوات متفرغاً لدراسة اللغة العربية والقرآن، وعاد إلى الدراسة الجامعية بعد ذلك متفرغاً لدراسة الفلسفة، وحصل على ماجستير فلسفة، كلية الآداب، جامعة الحسن بالمملكة المغربية، ونال بعد ذلك دكتوراه فلسفة، عن دراسة نظرية الثقافة وفنون التواصل عام 1999م.

نظرية الجذور السومرية

يرى عبد المنعم المحجوب أنه يواصل تصحيح وهم أكاديميّ لدى علماء اللغة استمر لأكثر من مائة سنة مفاده الاعتقاد بأن اللغة السومرية التي نشأت على ضفاف الرافدين كانت لغة معزولة لم يمتد تأثيرها إلى صياغة لغات العالم وتصوراته، لكنه وبعد جهد علمي شاق دام أكثر من عشر سنوات، أصدر كتابه ما قبل اللغة.. الجذور السومرية للغة العربية واللغات الأفروآسيوية ليعارض ما ترسخ في الأذهان قائلاً أن السومرية هي الحالة الجنينية للغة العربية واللغات الأفروآسيوية، وان الكيان الأفروآسيوي (الوطن العربي) متجذّر في التاريخ إلى نحو 12 ألف سنة، وقد سعى من خلال الكتب التي أصدرها لاحقاً إلى دعم الفرضيات النظرية التي تضمنها كتابه الأم.

قام المؤلف بتتبّع واستظهار التغيرات الصوتية (الفونيطيقية) التي أصابت سلسلة الألسن الأفروآسيوية، باللجوء إلى مقارنة أساسية بين السومرية والعربية. وقد وجد أن التداخل السومري ـ الأكدي، يتجاوز في الحقيقة ما عُرف من استخدام مشترك لعدد من المفردات، شاع أنه كان نتاجاً لتمثيل اللغتين بالخط المسماري نفسه، يتجاوز ذلك إلى صلة وثيقة تتبدّى فيها المقاطع السومرية كطبقة لغوية مضمّنة Substratum في الأكدية والعربية، وقد خلص إلى أن الضمائم اللغويّة الأفروآسيوية متحدّرة من السومرية، وإن المقاطع السومرية المفردة والمثنّاة متوطّنة قارّة في الأكدية والعربية والمصريّة.. وغيرها من بقية لغات الفروع والضمائم الأفروآسيوية، ولهجاتها المحكيّة.

وقدم الباحث مئات من الأمثلة التطبيقية لإثبات فرضيته المثيرة للجدل هذه، يقول في مقدمة له بعنوان «هذه الحفريات»: «إن المنجز الاستشراقي فذّ في حدّ ذاته، وقد استغرقت الخلاصات المعروفة جيداً في الوقت الحالي، والمنتشرة بما يجعلها أقرب إلى المصنفات المدرسية، عقوداً طويلة من الجهد المضني والبحث الدؤوب بدءا من أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، عندما كانت كلّ خطوة صغيرة إلى الأمام تعدّ فتحاً علمياً صاخباً. ولكن للاستشراق إلى جانب سيرته الملحميّة هذه أوضاعاً كثيرة، وبعض هذه الأوضاع ليس صحيحاً، أما فيما يتعلق بسومر وباللغة السومرية بالذات، فإنه يبدو واقفاً رأساً على عقب». (المقدمة)

من نتائج إثبات هذه الفرضية أن تحيين النشأة التاريخية للغة العربية يجب أن يبدأ من الألف الرابعة قبل الميلاد، أي منذ أن ظهرت الكتابة المسمارية لتدوين اللغة السومرية، وأن تحيين النشأة التاريخية للعرب أنفسهم يجب أن يبدأ من 12 ألف سنة، أي منذ ظهور طلائع السومريين في بلاد ما بين النهرين بعد انحسار آخر العصور الجليدية.

ولهذه المعطاة اللغوية لدى عبد المنعم المحجوب ظلالها الفلسفية إذ يرى أن الملحمة السومرية هي التي أنتجت الحكمة الكلدانية وهي التي أنتجت مفهوم اللوغوس الذي سينقلب لاحقاً ضد الشرق بعد أن يستقرّ في اليونان ويتحوّل إلى عقل خارج التاريخ، وأن الغرب الذي يدّعي وراثة اليونان قام بتحويل الفلسفة اليونانية من نتاج للشرق إلى عدو له.

النشاط الثقافي

تميز عبد المنعم المحجوب بنشاطه الثقافي منذ 1984، متمثلاً في مساهماته الفكرية والأدبية ومشاركته في الفعاليات التي أقامتها المؤسسات والمراكز العلمية الليبية والعربية:
 أسّس صحيفة الجديد الثقافية ورأس تحريرها (طرابلس، 1986 - 1988).
 أسس ورأس تحرير مجلة فضاءات الشهرية للفكر والثقافة والنقد الصادرة عن دار الأصالة والمعاصرة برعاية المركز العالمي لدراسات وأبحاث الكتاب الأخضر (2002 – 2010).
 منسق حلقة اللسانيات الأفروآسيوية (2005 – 2010).
 رئيس لجنة إدارة دار الأصالة والمعاصرة للنشر (2005 – 2010).
 مستشار تحرير صحيفة الشورى (2011).
 مستشار عام جمعية الفكر الدستوري (2011 – مستمر).
 رئيس تحرير مجلة لسان العرب (2012 - مستمر).
 مستشار تحرير مجلة شؤون دولية (2013 - مستمر).

الجوائز

 حصل على جائزة الدولة (2010) بترشيح من مجمع اللغة العربية الليبي عن كتابه ما قبل اللغة.. الجذور السومرية للغة العربية واللغات الأفروآسيوية.
 منحته جمعية الفكر الدستوري (2012) وسام الوطن تقديراً لما بذله من نشاط لنشر ثقافة الديمقراطية والعمل السياسي السلمي ونبذ العنف واحترامه لثقافات المكونات الاجتماعية الليبية ودفاعه القوي على الانتماء العربي القومي.

المؤلفات

له العديد من المؤلفات في الفلسفة واللغة والتاريخ والأدب، منها:

أولاً الدراسات
 الراهنية والتأويل (2): سؤال الكيان، كتاب المستقل، القاهرة، ط1، أبريل 2015.
 قراءات في السلم والحرب، كتاب المستقل، القاهرة، ط1، يناير 2015.
 أصوات بابل، قراءة جديدة في اللغات العاربة، دار تانيت (المغرب العربي)، ط1، 2014.
 كتاب التبو.. الهوية، اللغة، والتاريخ المجهول، دار تانيت (المغرب العربي)، ط1، 2013.
 فتنة الورّاق.. من تراث نقد الفكر الديني في القرن الثالث الهجري، مركز ليبيا الوطن، طرابلس، 2013.
 معجم تانيت، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، ط1، 2013.
 ما قبل اللغة.. الجذور السومرية للغة العربية واللغات الأفروآسيوية، دار الكتب العلمية – بيروت، ط2، 2013. ودار تانيت (المغرب العربي)، ط1، 2008.
 رحلة حنّون.. والطواف حول الأرجاء الليبية وراء أعمدة هرقل، دار تانيت (المغرب العربي)، ط1، 2012.
 الكتاب الأرجواني.. تأملات في تاريخ قرطاج الثقافي، دار الفارابي، بيروت، ط1، 2010.
 ممكنات الديمقراطية في ظل التنوع الإثني والثقافي في إفريقيا، دار الأصالة والمعاصرة، طرابلس، ط1، 2010.
 كانط.. من أجل سلام أبدي.. مسودة فلسفية، ترجمة صدرت عن دار الأصالة والمعاصرة، طرابلس، ط1، 2010.
 القصور الديمقراطي، سلسلة كتاب فضاءات، طرابلس، 2005.
 راهنيّة التأويل (1): ورثة اللوغوس، المركز العالمي لدراسات وأبحاث الكتاب الأخضر، طرابلس، ط1، 2004.
 ما وراء الغرب.. بصدد الذات والآخر والثقافة، سلسلة كتاب فضاءات، طرابلس، 2003.
 مجتمع لا دولة، المنشأة العامة للنشر والتوزيع، طرابلس، ط1، 1987.
كما يعمل منذ 2010 على إعداد كتاب التجريد، وهو معجم لغوي تأثيلي شامل، ويعدّ تطبيقاً لنظريته اللغوية التي ضمّنها كتابه «ما قبل اللغة».

ثانياً باللغة الإنجليزية
 Uncharted Ethnicities - Tebu People: Their Identity, Language, and Lost History. Tebu Studies Centre, Tripoli, 2014.

ثالثاً إصدارات مشتركة
 التحركات البشرية والهجرات اليمانية إلى الشام وشرق وشمال إفريقيا قبل الإسلام وبعد ظهوره. مع د. علي فهمي خشيم، د. محمد علي مسعود، وآخرين، المركز العالمي لدراسات وأبحاث الكتاب الأخضر، طرابلس. جامعة محمد الخامس، الرباط، المغرب. مركز الدراسات الاستراتيجية، دمشق، ط1، 2001.
 شعرية النظر، (مع الفنان التشكيلي علي الزويك) مركز ليبيا الوطن، طرابلس، 2013.

رابعاً كتب صدرت عنه
 عبد المنعم المحجوب.. السومري الأخير، حوار معه أجراه وليد الزريبي، الشركة التونسية للطباعة والنشر، تونس، ط1، 2009.
 متن التضاد.. جدل الظاهر والمضمر في كتاب الوهم للشاعر عبد المنعم المحجوب، تأليف: محمد الزيات، مجلس الثقافة العام، طرابلس، ط1، 2008.

مراجع

شعراء ليبيون
فلاسفة ليبيون
لغويون
لغويون ليبيون
مواليد 1382 هـ
مواليد 1963
مؤرخون ليبيون
نقاد

لغويون عرب في القرن 21

عبد المنعم المحجوب


The Senegal thick-knee (Burhinus senegalensis) is a stone-curlew, a group of waders in the family Burhinidae. Their vernacular scientific name refers to the prominent joints in the long yellow or greenish legs.

Range
It is a resident breeder in Africa between the Sahara and the equator, and in the Nile valley.

Description

Senegal thick-knees are medium-large waders with strong black and yellow black bills, large yellow eyes — which give them a reptilian appearance — and cryptic plumage. They are similar but slightly smaller than the Eurasian stone-curlew, which winters in Africa. The long dark bill, single black bar on the folded wing, and darker cheek stripe are distinctions from the European species. Senegal thick-knee is striking in flight, with a broad white wing bar.

Habits and food

This species has a preference for dry open habitats with some bare ground, preferably near water. It lays two blotchy light brown eggs on a ground scrape. It is most active at dawn and dusk. The song is a loud pi-pi-pi-pi-pi-pi-pi.

Food is insects, crustaceans and other invertebrates. It will also take other small prey.

References

Further reading
The field characters of this species and its separation from Eurasian stone-curlew are described in:
 Shirihai, Hadoram (1994) Field characters of Senegal Thick-knee British Birds 87(4):183-186

External links
 Senegal thick-knee videos, photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection
 https://www.flickr.com/photos/likifumei/542653503

Senegal thick-knee
Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa
Senegal thick-knee
Taxa named by William John Swainson

Senegal thick-knee


Hahnenberg ist ein Gemeindeteil des Marktes Weiltingen im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geografie
Der Weiler liegt am Weihergraben, der ein rechter Zufluss in die Wörnitz ist. Im Nordwesten grenzt das Waldgebiet Hundsmarkt an, im Südosten der Hahnenschlag. 0,5 km nordöstlich erhebt sich der Lämmerberg (). Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Bosacker (0,9 km südöstlich) bzw. nach Veitsweiler (0,9 km nördlich).

Geschichte
Die Fraisch über Hahnenberg war umstritten. Sie wurde sowohl vom ansbachischen Oberamt Wassertrüdingen als auch vom oettingen-spielbergischen Oberamt Aufkirchen beansprucht. Gegen Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts gab es in Hahnenberg 5 Anwesen (1 Söldengut, 2 halbe Köblergüter, 2 Gnadenhäuser), die allesamt das württembergische Oberamt Weiltingen als Grundherrn hatten.

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt wurde Hahnenberg dem 1811 gebildeten Steuerdistrikt und Ruralgemeinde Veitsweiler zugewiesen. Am 1. Mai 1978 wurde diese im Zuge der Gebietsreform in Bayern nach Weiltingen eingegliedert.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Veit (Veitsweiler) gepfarrt. Die Katholiken sind nach St. Margareta (Wilburgstetten) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Weiltingen)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Weiler in Mittelfranken

Hahnenberg (Weiltingen)


كَرْكَر مدينة تقع في ولاية المهدية بالساحل التونسي، على بعد 35  من مدينة سوسة، على الطريق الوطنية رقم 1 بين مدينتي مساكن والجم.

أعلام
 صابر بن فرج

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في تونس
بلديات تونس
مدن ولاية المهدية
أماكن مأهولة في ولاية المهدية

كركر (تونس)


İstanbul, tarihî yarımada'da kalan eski İstanbul yedi tepe üzerine kurulmuştur ve "yedi tepeli şehir" olarak bilinmektedir. Şehir bu unvanı, bilinçli bir şekilde Roma'nın yedi tepesini takip ederek yedi tepe üzerine inşa edilmiş olan Bizans Konstantinopolis'inden miras almıştır.

İstanbul'un yedi tepesi

Yedi tepe İstanbul Surları içinde tarihî yarımadada yer alır. İlk tepe, ikincil ve tersiyer jeolojik devirlerinde Haliç vadisi ve Boğaziçi  açılırken ortaya çıkmıştır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve erken Bizans İmparatorluğu dönemlerinde her tepenin üstünde abidesel dini binalar yükselmiştir (Bizans'da kiliseler, Osmanlı'da Selatin camileri).

Birinci tepe
Bizantion antik şehri kurulmuştur, Sarayburnu ile başlar ve Ayasofya, Sultanahmet Camii ve Topkapı Sarayının bulunduğu alanları kapsar.

İkinci tepe
Nuruosmaniye Camii, Kapalıçarşı ve Çemberlitaş Sütunu bulunur. Bu tepe, doğu Eminönü'de Bâb-ı Âli'den itibaren uzanan oldukça derin bir vadi ile ikiye ayrılmıştır.

Üçüncü tepe
Günümüzde İstanbul Üniversitesi ana binaları bulunur. Güneyde Bayezid Camii, kuzeyde Süleymaniye Camii bulunur. Tepenin güney yamaçlarında Kumkapı ve Langa bulunur.

Dördüncü tepe
Önce Havariyyun Kilisesi sonra Fatih Camii inşa edilmiştir, etekleri kuzeyde Haliç'e keskin, güneyde ise Aksaray'a daha yumuşak eğimle iner.

Beşinci tepe
Yavuz Selim Camii bulunur. Beşinci ve altıncı tepeler, batıda Haliç kıyısındaki Balat'a uzanan bir vadi ile ayrılır.

Altıncı tepe
Edirnekapı ve Ayvansaray bulunur. Yumuşak eğimli etekleri, savunma surlarının dışına taşar.

Yedinci tepe
Bizans zamanında Xērolophos (), ya da "Kurutepe" olarak bilinir. Aksaray'dan Theodosius Surları ve Marmara Denizi'ne uzanır. Bu geniş tepenin zirveleri Topkapı, Aksaray ve Yedikule'de üçgen yapar.

Kaynakça

Tepe

İstanbul'un yedi tepesi


Abruvã (Abruwan) era uma vila do Período Sassânida situada no distrito rural de Daste e Barim na divisão administrativa de Ardaxir-Cuarrá, no sudoeste de Pérsis. Sua localização exata é incerta, mas presume-se que esteja situada entre Firuzabade e Tavaz. Pode ser a cidade costeira homônima que sofreu notavelmente com os ataques árabes durante o início do reinado de  . É notável por ser o berço de Mir-Narses, o ministro (grão-framadar) dos xainxás  ,  ,   e  . Lá Mir-Narses construiu vários edifícios, incluindo templos de fogo. Um dos templos foi nomeado Mir-Narsiã, e ainda foi aceso no . Também fundou quatro aldeias no bairro de Abruvã, onde foram construídos templos de fogo ao longo de cada jardim de palmeiras, oliveiras e ciprestes. As fundações serviram como propriedade hereditária dos descendentes de Mir-Narses até o .

Bibliografia

Cidades do Império Sassânida
Pérsis
Cidades do Califado Ortodoxo
Cidades do Califado Omíada
Cidades do Califado Abássida
Cidades do Império Safárida

Abruvã


කච්චතිව් යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට අයත් දූපතකි .එය යාපනයේ උතුරු දෙසින් පිහිටා ඇත.

මූලාශ්‍ර

යාපනය දිස්ත්‍රික්කය
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට අයත් දූපත්

කච්චතීවු


Force Five is an American adaptation of five different anime television series. In the United States, this series was primarily shown only in New England, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, though it did make brief appearances in other markets, such as Texas and Northern California on KICU-TV 36. It was also shown in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on CFMT channel 47 and in Asia on Star Plus during the 1990s. It was produced by Jim Terry and his company American Way, and it consisted of five imported Japanese giant robot serials (originally produced in the mid-1970s by Toei Animation) in response to the popularity of the Shogun Warriors toy collection. Mattel was one of the sponsors of the series.

In an anthology style, the five shows were broadcast simultaneously with one episode of each serial assigned a specific weekday. Additionally, all of the shows were edited into two-hour movies and marketed on video tape by Family Home Entertainment. In the UK, Krypton Force released several of these programmes but under different series titles.

Force Five series
Force Five consisted of the following five series:

Originally, Great Mazinger was meant to be among the five shows, but at the last minute was swapped out for Starzinger.

External links
 Absolute Anime profile Force Five Television show

1980 American television series debuts
1985 American television series endings
1980s American animated television series
1980s American anthology television series
American children's animated anthology television series
English-language television shows
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Mecha anime and manga
American television series based on Japanese television series

Force Five


الكيت كات هو حي شعبي بحي شمال الجيزة، بمدينة الجيزة ، القاهرة الكبرى. تعتبر من أهم مناطق امبابة وهي البوابة إليها وبها الميادن وأهم جوامع امبابة وهو جامع خالد ابن الوليد وهناك شارع مراد الذي يقع خلف المسجد وهو من أهم الشوارع وبه الكثير من المحلات المختلفة مثل محلات الصاغة والباعة والمقاهي ويمتد حتى يصل إلى شارع الحرية ومساكن عزيز عزت
ويعتبر من أهم شوارع الكيت كات شارع السلام وهو العمودي على شارع مراد ويصل بين ميدان الكيت كات وحتى منطقة ترعة السواحل،
وفي الميدان هناك نادى ناصر الرياضي ومكتبة خالد بن الوليد ومبنى وزارة الثقافة والبنك الأهلي وبنك مصر.

عرف أهالي الكيت كات بمرؤتهم ووطنيتهم منذ أيام الفرنسين وحتى الأيام الحديثة.

مناطق حي شمال الجيزة

الكيت كات (حي)


Joshua Giddey (Melbourne, 10 de outubro de 2002) é um jogador australiano de basquete profissional que atualmente joga no Oklahoma City Thunder da National Basketball Association (NBA).

Após jogar profissionalmente pelo Adelaide 36ers da NBL, ele foi selecionado pelo OKC como a 6º escolha geral no draft da NBA de 2021.

No dia 2 de janeiro de 2022, ele se tornou o jogador mais jovem da história a anotar um triplo-duplo na NBA com 17 pontos, 14 assistências e 13 rebotes. Com apenas 19 anos e 84 dias, o jogador superou a marca de LaMelo Ball que tinha 19 anos e 140 dias.

Início da vida e carreira

Giddey cresceu em Yarraville e frequentou o St Kevin's College em Melbourne do 7º ao 10º ano, antes de emergir como uma das principais perspectivas de basquete da Austrália no NBA Global Academy, um centro de treinamento do Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) em Canberra. Ele frequentou o UC Senior Secondary College Lake Ginninderra juntamente com seu treinamento em tempo integral no AIS.

No Campeonato Australiano Sub-18 em abril de 2019, Giddey teve médias de 20 pontos, 8,3 rebotes e seis assistências, levando o VIC Metro ao título. Em janeiro de 2020, Giddey ajudou a NBA Global Academy a vencer o Torneio Junior Ciutat de L'Hospitalet em Barcelona, onde ganhou o prêmio de MVP. No mês seguinte, no All-Star Weekend em Chicago, ele participou do Basketball Without Borders e foi nomeado um All-Star do acampamento.

Carreira profissional

Adelaide 36ers (2020–2021)
Em 12 de março de 2020, Giddey foi contratado pelo Adelaide 36ers da National Basketball League (NBL) como parte do programa Next Stars da liga para desenvolver perspectivas de draft da NBA e ele se tornou o primeiro jogador australiano a fazer parte do programa. Giddey recusou ofertas de vários programas da Divisão I da NCAA.

Em 26 de abril de 2021, ele registrou 12 pontos, 10 rebotes e 10 assistências em uma derrota por 93-77 para o New Zealand Breakers, tornando-se o australiano mais jovem da história da NBL a registrar um triplo-duplo. Em 1º de maio, ele teve 15 pontos, 13 assistências e 11 rebotes em uma vitória por 101-79 contra o Brisbane Bullets e se tornou o primeiro australiano a registrar um triplo-duplo em jogos consecutivos. Em 9 de maio, ele teve um terceiro triplo-duplo com 11 pontos, 12 assistências e 10 rebotes em uma vitória por 97-88 sobre o Sydney Kings.

Giddey foi liberado da lista de jogadores ativos em 17 de maio para se preparar para o draft da NBA de 2021 e terminou a temporada com médias de 10,9 pontos, 7,3 rebotes e 7,6 assistências em 28 jogos. Ele ganhou o Prêmio de Novato do Ano da NBL.

Oklahoma City Thunder (2021–Presente)
Em 29 de julho, ele foi selecionado pelo Oklahoma City Thunder como a sexta escolha geral do draft da NBA de 2021. Em 8 de agosto, Giddey assinou um contrato de 4 anos e US$27.2 milhões com o Thunder. Nesse mesmo dia, ele sofreu uma lesão no tornozelo e foi descartado pelo resto da Summer League como medida de precaução.

Em 20 de outubro, Giddey fez sua estreia na NBA e registrou quatro pontos, 10 rebotes e três assistências na derrota por 107-86 para o Utah Jazz. Em 27 de outubro, ele registrou seu primeiro duplo-duplo com 18 pontos e 10 assistências na vitória por 123-115 sobre o Los Angeles Lakers e se tornou o terceiro jogador mais jovem a registrar pelo menos 10 assistências em um jogo, atrás apenas de LeBron James. Giddey foi nomeado o Novato do Mês da Conferência Oeste pelos jogos disputados em outubro/novembro.

Em 26 de dezembro de 2021, Giddey se tornou o segundo jogador na história da NBA, depois de Norm Van Lier, a registrar um duplo-duplo sem pontos, ao compilar dez assistências e dez rebotes na vitória por 117-112 sobre o New Orleans Pelicans. Giddey foi nomeado o Novato do Mês da Conferência Oeste pelos jogos disputados em dezembro. Em 2 de janeiro de 2022, ele se tornou o jogador mais jovem a registrar um triplo-duplo com 17 pontos, 14 assistências e 13 rebotes em uma derrota por 95-86 para o Dallas Mavericks, superando o recorde anterior estabelecido por LaMelo Ball. Giddey foi nomeado o Novato do Mês da Conferência Oeste pelos jogos disputados em janeiro e fevereiro, ganhando o prêmio quatro vezes consecutivas.

Em 27 de março, Giddey foi descartado pelo restante da temporada devido a dores no quadril e terminou a temporada com médias de 12,5 pontos, 7,8 rebotes e 7,6 assistências. Ele foi o único novato a somar pelo menos 500 pontos, 400 rebotes e 300 assistências.

Em 10 de janeiro de 2023, em um jogo contra o Miami Heat, Giddey se juntou a Luka Dončić, Ben Simmons e Grant Hill como os únicos jogadores na história da NBA a registrar pelo menos 1.000 pontos, 700 rebotes e 500 assistências em seus primeiros 100 jogos na carreira. Em 12 de abril, durante o Play-In, Giddey registrou 31 pontos, 10 assistências e nove rebotes na vitória por 123–118 sobre o New Orleans Pelicans.

Carreira na seleção

Seleção júnior
Giddey representou a Seleção Australiana no Campeonato da Oceania Sub-17 de 2019 na Nova Caledônia. Ele teve médias de 16,4 pontos, 7,4 rebotes e cinco assistências e foi nomeado para o All-Star Five depois de levar sua equipe a uma medalha de ouro. Na final contra a Nova Zelândia, ele registrou 25 pontos, oito rebotes, seis assistências e cinco roubos de bola em uma vitória por 85-56.

Seleção Sênior
Em 23 de fevereiro de 2020, Giddey fez sua estreia pela Seleção Australiana durante a qualificação para o Campeonato Asiático de 2021. Ele registrou 11 pontos, seis assistências e três rebotes em 11 minutos, ajudando a Austrália a derrotar Hong Kong por 115-52. Giddey se tornou o jogador mais jovem a jogar pela equipe principal desde Ben Simmons em 2013.

Giddey foi um dos últimos cortados da lista do time que foi para as Olimpíadas de 2020 em Tóquio e foi selecionado como um dos três jogadores de emergência.

Estatísticas da carreira

NBA

NBL

Vida pessoal
O pai de Giddey, Warrick, jogava basquete profissionalmente e jogou muito tempo no Melbourne Tigers na Austrália. Sua mãe, Kim, jogou pelos Tigers na Liga de Basquete Feminino. A irmã de Giddey, Hannah, jogou pelo Oral Roberts por dois anos e, em seguida, jogou a temporada de 2022-23 pela Southern Nazarene University em Bethany, Oklahoma.

Naturais de Melbourne
Basquetebolistas do Oklahoma City Thunder
Nascidos em 2002
Basquetebolistas da Austrália

Josh Giddey


Kodein (metilmorfin), afyondan elde edilen ve analjezik, antitussif ve antidiyareik özellikleri olan bir opioiddir. Kodein sülfat ve kodein fosfat olarak pazarlanmaktadır. Avrupa'da ise daha çok klorhidratı (kodein hidroklorid) olarak pazarlanır. Molekül DSÖ'nün Temel İlaçlar Listesi'nde yer almaktadır.

Kodein ham afyonda en fazla %0,5 oranında bulunur. Doğal olarak elde edilen kodein ilaç sanayiinde yeterli olmadığı için morfinin o-metillendirilmesiyle elde edilir. Morfinin metillendirilmesi ilk defa Grimaux tarafından metil iyodür (CH3I) ile yapılmıştır. Reaktif olarak CH3I, dimetil sülfat, diazometan ve trimetilfenil amonyum klorür denenmiş, en etkili reaktifin trimetilfenil amonyum klorür olduğu bulunmuştur. Bunu elde etmek için dimetil anilin otoklavda mutlak alkollü ortamda metil klorür (CH3Cl) ile 100-120 oC'de metillendirilir.

Morfinden daha zayıf bir narkotik olup alışkanlık yapma derecesi de azdır. Bu yüzden çok kullanılan bir uyuşturucudur. Ağrı dindirme etkisi aspirinden çok yüksektir. Analjezik etkisi morfine göre daha azdır. Ancak iyi bir öksürük dindiricidir. Uyuşturma etkisi 2-3 saat kadardır. Öksürük azaltma etkisi de olup, astımlı kimseler için tehlikelidir. Kodeinin alışkanlık yapma derecesi daha az olmakla beraber, morfin ve eroin alanlar bunları bulamadıklarında kodeine başvururlar. Kodeinin toksik etkisi de nispeten azdır. Tıpta kullanılış sebebi, merkezi sinir sistemi ni etkileyerek öksürük refleksini ortadan kaldırma tesiridir. Bu yüzden bazı kuru öksürüklerde, doktorun lüzum görmesiyle geçici olarak kullanılabilir. Diğer ağrı kesicilere katılarak daha kuvvetli etki elde etmek için de kullanılmaktadır.

Kodeinde 5,6,9,13 ve 14 numaralı karbonlar asimetriktir. Alkoldeki %2'lik çözeltisi polarize ışığı sola çevirir.

[α]D = –135o

Alkenler
Alkaloidler
Uyuşturucu maddeler
Fransız icatları
Opioidler
Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ana ilaçları

Kodein


Nepal var et argentinsk thrash metal-band, dannet i Buenos Aires i 1984 og opløst i 2001.

Diskografi
1993: Raza de traidores
1995: Ideología
1997: Manifiesto

Fodnoter

Se også
 Rock en español

Rockgrupper fra Argentina
Musikgrupper fra 1984
Musikgrupper opløst i 2001
Thrash metal-grupper

Nepal (band)


Leerdam (población: 21.050 en 2004) es una ciudad y municipio en el oeste de Holanda, en la provincia de Holanda Meridional.

El municipio cubre un área de 34.32 km² (13.25 millas²) de las cuales 0.53 km² (0.20 millas²) es agua. Se compone de la ciudad de Leerdam, los pueblos rurales de Kedichem, Schoonrewoerd y Oosterwijk. La frontera sur de la ciudad está formada por el río Linge.

Historia
Leerdam tuvo los derechos de ciudad en 1407. El pequeño río Linge, define la atmósfera y el tono del paisaje. Hace varios siglos atrás, Leerdam formó una parte del dominio Vijfheerenlanden, antes de que fuera elevado a la categoría de condado en 1498. La rica historia de Leerdam puede ser encontrada en edificios históricos como el Grote Kerk (Gran Iglesia), el Hofje van mevrouw van Aerden, y el Oude Raadhuis.

Referencias

 leerdam.nl

Vijfheerenlanden
Antiguos municipios de la provincia de Holanda Meridional
Localidades de Utrecht
Ciudades de los Países Bajos

Leerdam


سيررا مادري  هي إحدى مدن مقاطعة لوس أنجليس، كاليفورنيا. تم إعطاءها لقب مدينة في 2 فبراير، 1907.

التركيبة السكانية
حدّد مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بيانات التركيبة السكانية لسيررا مادري في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.

تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان سيررا مادري 10,578 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 4,756 أسرة وعدد العائلات 2,740 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 4,923 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 85.81% من البيض و1.14% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.35% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و5.60% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.10% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و3.02% من الأعراق الأخرى و3.98% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و9.96% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 4,756 أسرة كانت نسبة 24.8% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 47.4% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 7.7% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 2.5% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 42.4% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 35% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 9.7% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.20، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 2.87.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 42.6 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 18.9% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 4.9% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 30.6% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 29.3% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 15.1% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 90.0 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 87.0 ذكر.

بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في المدينة 65,900 دولارًا، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 79,588 دولارًا. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 61,635 دولارًا مقابل 42,527 دولارًا للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالمدينة 41,104 دولارًا. وكانت نسبة 1.9% من العائلات ونسبة 3.7% من السكان تحت خط الفقر، وكان من هؤلاء نسبة 2.4% تحت سن الثامنة عشر ونسبة 1.7% في الخامسة والستين من العمر وما فوق.

تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان سيررا مادري 10,917 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 4,837 أسرة وعدد العائلات 2,872 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 5,113 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 82.14% من البيض و1.84% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.40% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و7.65% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.08% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و3.57% من الأعراق الأخرى و4.31% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و14.91% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 4,837 أسرة كانت نسبة 24.9% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 47.4% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 9.1% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 2.9% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 40.6% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 33% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 12.2% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.26، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 2.89.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 46.6 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 19.2% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 4.9% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 23.1% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 35.4% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 17.4% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 47.3% ذكور و52.7% إناث.

المناخ
يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة لسيررا مادري:

أعلام
 كين هانسون
 كاثرين تيرني
 جون ك. جايلز
 ماكس ويست
 روبرت ميتشيل

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1907
تأسيسات سنة 1907 في كاليفورنيا
مدن كاليفورنيا
مدن لوس أنجلوس (كاليفورنيا)

سيررا مادري (كاليفورنيا)


Kristjánshöfn eða Christianshavn er hverfi í innri bæ Kaupmannahafnar milli eyjanna Sjálands og Amager. Smábátar og skurðir eru áberandi þar. Íbúar eru rúmlega 10.000.

Hverfið var stofnað á 17. öld af Kristjáni 4. danakonungi og ætlað að styrkja varnir borgarinnar og sem sjálfstætt svæði kaupmanna. Innblástur var fenginn af síkjasvæði Amsterdam og var hollenskur verkfræðingur fenginn til að hanna svæðið. Landfyllingar voru gerðar á grunnu sendnu svæði. Í dag er stórt svæði virkisveggja Kristjánshafnar almenningsgarður.

Meðal þekktra kennileita er Frelsarakirkjan, óperuhúsið og fríríkið Kristjanía.

Heimild

Kaupmannahöfn

Kristjánshöfn


es un videojuego de simulación de citas desarrollado y publicado por Konami. Es el segundo título de la serie Tokimeki Memorial.

Tokimeki Memorial 2 fue publicado para PlayStation en 1999. Llegó en 5 CD, con gráficos y una actuaciones de voz sin igual y un novedoso "Emotional Voice System (EVS)", por el cual las chicas podían pronunciar el nombre del jugador. En realidad, sólo Hikari Hinamoto y Asou Kasumi tienen la capacidad de utilizar el EVS en el juego real. Los datos EVS de las demás chicas venían en CD que fueron lanzados con la revista de Tokimeki Memorial 2 llamada "Hibikino Watcher". Cada una de las tres primeras revistas de vino con un CD que contenía los datos de tres de las chicas (las chicas elegidas en cada CD eran también las tres chicas en la portada de la revista correspondiente). Todas las chicas del juego disponen de datos del EVS con la excepción de Maeka Kudanshita, que siempre se refiere al protagonista como "Shounen" (que en japonés significa muchacho). El juego en sí fue un gran éxito en Japón. Su jugabilidad sigue el mismo patrón que la primera parte, pero con menor énfasis en las "bombas" y un mayor énfasis en resolver los retos únicos específicos de cada machacha. Como resultado de ello, se tiene que idear una estrategia diferente para cada partida.

El juego y EVS Append Disc fue lanzado en Japón para PlayStation Store el 25 de noviembre de 2009, exactamente diez años después de la fecha de lanzamiento del juego original. También se había publicado una versión para teléfonos móviles en 2007.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Página web oficial (en japonés)

Videojuegos para PlayStation
Videojuegos para teléfonos móviles
Videojuegos de PlayStation Network
Videojuegos de simulación de citas
Videojuegos de 1999
Videojuegos de Konami
Videojuegos de Tokimeki Memorial
Tokimeki Memorial
Secuelas de videojuegos
Videojuegos exclusivos de Japón
Videojuegos de 2001

Tokimeki Memorial 2


The Peterborough Petes are a junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League. The team has played at the Peterborough Memorial Centre in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, since 1956, and is the oldest continuously operating team in the league.

History
The Petes were born on October 1, 1956, when the Kitchener Canucks relocated to Peterborough after the 1955–56 season. They also became a sponsored junior team for the Montreal Canadiens of the NHL. The Petes played their first game on November 4, 1956, and won their first game on November 8, 1956.

The Petes have produced a record number of National Hockey League players, including Hall of Famers Steve Yzerman, Bob Gainey, Larry Murphy, Scotty Bowman, Wayne Gretzky and Roger Neilson. The Petes have graduated the most players to the NHL of all current OHL teams with a total of 248.

The Petes have won the OHL Championship ten times, which is the second-most in OHL history behind the Oshawa Generals who have 13 and the most in the postwar era. The franchise's most recent OHL Championship was in 2023 with a six game victory over the London Knights. They won the Memorial Cup once, in 1979.

TPT Petes
The team was sponsored by Toronto-Peterborough Transport (TPT) from 1956 to 1966. Scotty Bowman was brought in to coach by the Montreal Canadiens organization from the Ottawa-Hull Canadiens junior team, and led the team to a second-place finish in 1959. Peterborough defeated the Barrie Flyers, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters and Toronto St. Michael's Majors in the playoffs to win their first OHA championship. Bowman and the TPT Petes went on to reach the Memorial Cup for the first time that year but fell to the Winnipeg Braves. The TPT Petes claimed their first Hamilton Spectator Trophy during the 1965-66 season, but were eliminated from the playoffs.

Roger Neilson era (1966–1976)
The team became known as the Peterborough Petes Hockey Club in 1966–67, which was also the beginning of Roger Neilson's tenure as coach. The Petes wore the TPT logo on their sweaters until 1974–75, when their colours were changed to maroon and white and a new "Petes" logo was adopted.

Neilson led his team to seven consecutive winning seasons from 1968 to 1975, also finishing first overall in 1970–71, winning the J. Ross Robertson Cup in 1972, and were runners-up in 1973 and 1974. In the 1972 Memorial Cup, the Petes lost a close 2–1 game in the finals to the Cornwall Royals.

Neilson left behind a winning legacy in Peterborough and set the standard for coaches to come. Neilson was the first coach to use videotape analysis as a teaching method, leading to the nickname "Captain Video," and also the first to use microphone headsets to communicate with his assistant coaches.

Neilson also pushed the envelope causing several rules to be rewritten. During one Petes game, his team was up one goal, but was down two men in a five on three situation for the last minute of the game. Realizing that more penalties could not be called under the existing rules, Neilson put too many men on the ice every ten seconds. The referees stopped the play and a faceoff was held relieving pressure on the defence. After this display the rule was changed so that a call for too many men on the ice in a 5 on 3 situation now leads to a penalty shot.

Neilson also discovered that if he put a defenceman in net instead of a goalie during a penalty shot, the defenceman could rush the attacker and greatly reduce the chances of a goal.  Today the rule states that a team must use a goalie in net for a penalty shot, and that the goalie may not leave the crease until the attacking player touches the puck.

Neilson was promoted for the 1976–77 season, coaching the Dallas Black Hawks in the former Central Hockey League.

Three seasons, three titles
The Peterborough Petes won three consecutive OHL championships in 1978, 1979 and 1980. Gary Green coached the first two championships followed up by Mike Keenan in 1980. The Petes won the Hamilton Spectator Trophy two consecutive times in 1979 and 1980. Peterborough's success also continued into the Memorial Cup, reaching the championship game all three years, and winning the national junior title in 1979.

Many future NHL stars played for Petes in these three years. Those of note are: Keith Acton, Bob Atwell, Keith Crowder, Ken Ellacott, Doug Evans, Dave Fenyves, Tom Fergus, Larry Floyd, Mark Kirton,
Rick LaFerriere, Steve Larmer, Larry Murphy, Mark Reeds, Stuart Smith, Steve Smith, Bill Gardner, Tim Trimper and Jim Wiemer.

Dick Todd era (1982–1993)
Dick Todd started with the Petes as a trainer in the 1970s and was with the team through their three Memorial Cups. As a coach he led the team to two more Memorial Cup tournaments—in 1989 in Saskatoon, and in 1993 in Sault Ste. Marie. During Todd's time as coach, the Petes won six division titles and had the best overall winning percentage in the OHL. Todd was awarded the Matt Leyden Trophy as OHL Coach of the Year in 1987–88.

Memorial Cup 1996
The Peterborough Petes celebrated their 40th anniversary in 1996. The Petes won the J. Ross Robertson Cup defeating the Guelph Storm in the finals, then and also played at home while hosting the Memorial Cup tournament in 1996. The club achieved a 100% sellout each tournament game, and lost in the final that year to the Granby Prédateurs.

50th anniversary

Todd returned as head coach of the Petes in 2004. Todd's second season back behind the Petes bench, was the 50th anniversary of the Peterborough Petes founding. They are the oldest continuously operating franchise in the Ontario Hockey League (the rival Oshawa Generals date to 1937 but were inactive from 1953 to 1962).

The Petes celebrated their 50th anniversary in grand style, winning the J. Ross Robertson Cup on May 11, 2006, in a four-game sweep of the London Knights. Peterborough travelled to Moncton, New Brunswick, to play in the 2006 Memorial Cup, losing the third place tiebreaker game to the Vancouver Giants. Todd retired for good a few weeks after the Petes returned from Moncton.

60th anniversary
The 2015–16 season marked the 60th in franchise history.

Rob Wilson era (2018–present)
Under Rob Wilson, The franchise has made three playoff appearances. In 2023, the franchise won their tenth OHL championship over the London Knights and their tenth trip to the Memorial Cup

Championships

Memorial Cup
1959 Finalist vs. Winnipeg Braves
1972 Finalist vs. Cornwall Royals
1978 Finalist vs. New Westminster Bruins
1979 Champions vs. Brandon Wheat Kings
1980 Finalist vs. Cornwall Royals
1989 3rd place in Saskatoon, SK
1993 Finalist vs. S.S. Marie Greyhounds
1996 Finalist vs. Granby Prédateurs
2006 4th Place in Moncton, NB
2023 3rd place in Kamloops, BC

George Richardson Memorial Trophy
1959 Champions vs. Ottawa-Hull Canadiens

Hamilton Spectator Trophy First overall in the OHL regular season standings.
1965–1966 58 points
1970–1971 90 points
1978–1979 95 points
1979–1980 95 points
1985–1986 92 points
1991–1992 89 points
1992–1993 97 points
Bobby Orr TrophyEastern Conference Champions.
2005 Finalist vs. Ottawa 67's
2006 Champions vs. Barrie Colts
2017 Finalist vs. Mississauga Steelheads
2023 Champions vs. North Bay Battalion

J. Ross Robertson Cup Ontario Hockey League Champions
1959 Champions vs. St. Michael's Majors
1972 Champions vs. Ottawa 67's
1973 Finalist vs. Toronto Marlboros
1974 Finalist vs. St. Catharines Black Hawks
1978 Champions vs. Hamilton Fincups
1979 Champions vs. Niagara Falls Flyers
1980 Champions vs. Windsor Spitfires
1985 Finalist vs. S.S. Marie Greyhounds
1988 Finalist vs. Windsor Compuware Spitfires
1989 Champions vs. Niagara Falls Thunder
1993 Champions vs. S.S. Marie Greyhounds
1996 Champions vs. Guelph Storm
2006 Champions vs. London Knights
2023 Champions vs. London Knights

Leyden Trophy First overall in the Eastern Division regular season standings.
1978–79, 1979–80, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1991–92, 1992–93, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2016–17

Coaches
Three coaches of the Peterborough Petes are members of the Hockey Hall of Fame. Scotty Bowman won 9 Stanley Cups in his career, and lead the Petes to the Memorial Cup finals in 1959. Roger Neilson coached 1,000 regular season games in the NHL, and led the Petes to the 1972 Memorial Cup finals. Ted "Teeder" Kennedy played 14 years for the Toronto Maple Leafs.

Gary Green was awarded the Matt Leyden Trophy as OHL Coach of the Year in 1978–79, leading the Petes to their only Memorial Cup championship.

Dick Todd recorded 500 career victories faster than any other coach in Major Junior A hockey history, accomplishing the milestone in just 813 games. Todd was awarded the Matt Leyden Trophy as OHL Coach of the Year in 1987–88.

List of coaches with multiple seasons in parentheses.
1956–57 — Calum MacKay
1957–58 — Ted Kennedy
1958–61 — Scotty Bowman (3)
1961–62 — Neil Burke
1962–65 — Frank Mario (3)
1965–66 — Roger Bedard (2)
1966–67 — R. Bedard & R. Neilson
1967–76 — Roger Neilson (10)
1976–77 — Garry Young
1977–79 — Gary Green (2)
1979–80 — Mike Keenan
1980–81 — Dave Dryden (2)
1981–82 — D. Dryden & D. Todd
1982–93 — Dick Todd (14)
1993–96 — Dave MacQueen (3)
1996–97 — Brian Drumm (2)
1997–98 — B. Drumm & Jeff Twohey
1998–04 — Rick Allain (6)
2004–05 — Dick Todd (14)
2005–08 — Vince Malette (2)
2008–10 — Ken McRae
2010–12 — Mike Pelino (2+)
2012–18 — Jody Hull (4+)
2018 — Andrew Verner (interim)
2018–present — Rob Wilson

Players
The Peterborough Petes have 152 alumni who have played in the National Hockey League. Seven Hockey Hall of Fame inductees played junior hockey for the Petes: Bob Gainey, Larry Murphy, Steve Yzerman and Chris Pronger and coaches Scotty Bowman and Roger Nielson.

The Petes have not retired any numbers, but they have banners hanging from the ceiling honouring past Petes including Bob Gainey, Steve Yzerman, Mickey Redmond, Larry Murphy, Dick Todd, Roger Neilson, Scotty Bowman and Colin Campbell.

Award winners

CHL Player of the Year
1989–90 – Mike Ricci

CHL Defenceman of the Year
1992–93 – Chris Pronger

CHL Top Draft Prospect Award
2005–06 – Jordan Staal

CHL Rookie of the Year
2009–10 – Matt Puempel

CHL Sportsman of the Year
2019-20 – Nicholas Robertson

George Parsons Trophy Most Sportsmanlike at the Memorial Cup
1978 – Mark Kirton
1979 – Chris Halyk
1993 – Jason Dawe
1994 – Jeff Smith
1996 – Mike Williams

Hap Emms Memorial Trophy Outstanding Goaltender at the Memorial Cup
1978 – Ken Ellacott
1980 – Rick LaFerriere

Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy Memorial Cup MVP
1996 – Cameron Mann

Red Tilson Trophy Most Outstanding Player
1959–60 – Wayne Connelly
1964–65 – Andre Lacroix
1965–66 – Andre Lacroix
1966–67 – Mickey Redmond
1989–90 – Mike Ricci

Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy Scoring Champion
1965–66 – Andre Lacroix

Jim Mahon Memorial Trophy Top scoring right winger
1995–96 – Cameron Mann

Max Kaminsky Trophy Most Outstanding Defenceman
1969–70 – Ron Plumb
1973–74 – Jim Turkiewicz
1978–79 – Greg Theberge
1979–80 – Larry Murphy
1985–86 – Terry Carkner
1992–93 – Chris Pronger

Wayne Gretzky 99 Award OHL Playoffs MVP
2005–06 – Daniel Ryder
2022-23 - Michael Simpson

Emms Family Award Rookie of the Year
1989–90 – Chris Longo
2009–10 – Matt Puempel

Leo Lalonde Memorial Trophy Overage Player of the Year
1996–97 – Zac Bierk

OHL Goaltender of the Year
1996–97 – Zac Bierk

Dave Pinkney Trophy Lowest Team GAA
1958–59 – Jacques Caron
1962–63 – Chuck Goddard
1969–70 – John Garrett
1970–71 – John Garrett
1974–75 – Greg Millen
1979–80 – Rick LaFerriere & Terry Wright
1985–86 – Kay Whitmore & Ron Tugnutt
1987–88 – John Tanner & Todd Bojcun
1988–89 – John Tanner & Todd Bojcun
1992–93 – Chad Lang & Ryan Douglas

F. W. "Dinty" Moore Trophy Best Rookie GAA
1977–78 – Ken Ellacott
1981–82 – Shawn Kilroy
1984–85 – Ron Tugnutt
1987–88 – Todd Bojcun

Dan Snyder Memorial Trophy Humanitarian of the Year
1993–94 – Brent Tully
1996–97 – Mike Martone
2004–05 – Jeff MacDougald
2010–11 – Jack Walchessen
2011–12 – Andrew D'Agostini

William Hanley Trophy Most Sportsmanlike Player
1965–66 – Andre Lacroix
1966–67 – Mickey Redmond
1974–75 – Doug Jarvis
1984–85 – Scott Tottle
1989–90 – Mike Ricci
2009–10 – Ryan Spooner
2019-20 – Nicholas Robertson

Bobby Smith Trophy Scholastic Player of the Year
1983–84 – Scott Tottle

Ivan Tennant Memorial Award Top Academic High School Player
2010–11 – Andrew D'Agostini

NHL alumni
Players in bold are members of the Hockey Hall of Fame.

Season-by-season results

Regular season
Legend: OL = Overtime loss, SL = Shootout loss

Playoffs
1956–57 Out of playoffs.
1957–58 Lost to Hamilton Tiger-Cubs 7 points to 3 in quarter-finals.
1958–59 Defeated Barrie Flyers 8 points to 4 in quarter-finals. Defeated Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters 8 points to 2 in semi-finals. Defeated Toronto St. Michael's Majors 9 points to 7 in finals. OHA CHAMPIONS Defeated Ottawa-Hull Canadiens in Richardson Trophy playoffs. Lost to Winnipeg Braves in Memorial Cup finals.
1959–60 Defeated Barrie Flyers 8 points to 4 in quarter-finals. Lost to St. Catharines Teepees 9 points to 3 in semi-finals.
1960–61 Lost to Hamilton Red Wings 8 points to 2 in quarter-finals.
1961–62 Out of playoffs.
1962–63 Lost to Montreal Junior Canadiens 9 points to 3 in quarter-finals.
1963–64 Lost to Montreal Junior Canadiens 8 points to 2 in quarter-finals.
1964–65 Defeated St. Catharines Black Hawks 8 points to 2 in quarter-finals. Lost to Toronto Marlboros 9 points to 7 in semi-finals.
1965–66 Lost to Toronto Marlboros 8 points to 4 in quarter-finals.
1966–67 Lost to Hamilton Red Wings 8 points to 4 in quarter-finals.
1967–68 Lost to Niagara Falls Flyers 8 points to 2 in quarter-finals.
1968–69 Defeated London Knights 8 points to 4 in quarter-finals. Lost to Montreal Junior Canadiens 8 points to 0 in semi-finals.
1969–70 Lost to London Knights 8 points to 4 in quarter-finals.
1970–71 Lost to Toronto Marlboros 8 points to 0 in quarter-finals.
1971–72 Defeated St. Catharines Black Hawks 8 points to 2 in quarter-finals. Defeated Toronto Marlboros 8 points to 2 in semi-finals. Defeated Ottawa 67's 8 points to 0 in finals. OHA CHAMPIONS Lost in Memorial Cup final to Cornwall Royals.
1972–73 Defeated Oshawa Generals 8 points to 0 in quarter-finals. Defeated London Knights 9 points to 5 in semi-finals. Lost to Toronto Marlboros 8 points to 6 in finals.
1973–74 Defeated Ottawa 67's 9 points to 5 in quarter-finals. Defeated Kitchener Rangers 8 points to 4 in semi-finals. Lost to St. Catharines Black Hawks 9 points to 1 in finals.
1974–75 Defeated Oshawa Generals 8 points to 2 in quarter-finals. Lost to Hamilton Fincups 8 points to 4 in semi-finals.
1975–76 Out of playoffs.
1976–77 Lost to S.S. Marie Greyhounds 3 games to 1 in first round.
1977–78 Defeated Oshawa Generals 9 points to 3 in quarter-finals. Defeated Ottawa 67's 9 points to 7 in semi-finals. Defeated Hamilton Fincups 8 points to 6 in finals. OHL CHAMPIONS Finished Memorial Cup round-robin in first place, earned berth in finals. Lost to New Westminster Bruins 7–4 in the championship game.
1978–79 Defeated Kingston Canadians 9 points to 5 in quarter-finals. Defeated Sudbury Wolves 8 points to 2 in semi-finals. Defeated Niagara Falls Flyers 8 points to 6 in finals. OHL CHAMPIONS Finished Memorial Cup round-robin in a three way tie, advancing to the finals on goals for/against. Defeated Brandon Wheat Kings 2–1 in OT in the championship game. MEMORIAL CUP CHAMPIONS
1979–80 Defeated Sudbury Wolves 4 games to 3 in quarter-finals. Defeated Ottawa 67's 4 games to 0 in semi-finals. Defeated Windsor Spitfires 4 games to 0 in finals. OHL CHAMPIONS Finished Memorial Cup round-robin in first place, earned berth in finals. Lost to Cornwall Royals 3–2 in OT in the championship game.
1980–81 Lost to Oshawa Generals 3 games to 2 in division quarter-finals.
1981–82 Defeated Kingston Canadians 6 points to 2 in first round. Lost to Oshawa Generals 8 points to 2 in quarter-finals.
1982–83 Earned first round bye. 2nd place in Leyden. Lost to Oshawa Generals 8 points to 0 in quarter-finals.
1983–84 Defeated Cornwall Royals 6 points to 0 in first round. Lost to Toronto Marlboros 8 points to 2 in quarter-finals.
1984–85 Defeated Ottawa 67's 9 points to 1 in first round. Earned bye through quarter-finals. 1st place in Leyden. Defeated Belleville Bulls 9 points to 1 in semi-finals. Lost to S.S.Marie Greyhounds 9 points to 5 in finals.
1985–86 Defeated Toronto Marlboros 8 points to 0 in first round. Finished tired for first in round-robin vs. Belleville & Kingston with 4 points. Lost to Belleville Bulls 9 points to 7 in semi-finals.
1986–87 Earned bye through 1st round. 2nd place in Leyden. Defeated Ottawa 67's 4 games to 2 in quarter-finals. Lost to Oshawa Generals 4 games to 2 in semi-finals.
1987–88 Defeated Toronto Marlboros 4 games to 0 in first round. Earned bye through quarter-finals. 1st place in Leyden. Defeated Ottawa 67's 4 games to 0 in semi-finals. Lost to Windsor Compuware Spitfires 4 games to 0 in finals.
1988–89 Defeated Belleville Bulls 4 games to 1 in first round. Earned bye through quarter-finals. 1st place in Leyden. Defeated Cornwall Royals 4 games to 2 in semi-finals. Defeated Niagara Falls Thunder 4 games to 2 in finals. OHL CHAMPIONS Finished Memorial Cup round-robin in third place. Lost to Swift Current Broncos 6–2 in the semi-final game.
1989–90 Defeated Ottawa 67's 4 games to 0 in first round. Defeated Belleville Bulls 4 games to 0 in quarter-finals. Lost to Oshawa Generals 4 games to 0 in semi-finals.
1990–91 Lost to North Bay Centennials 4 games to 0 in first round.
1991–92 Earned bye through first round. 1st place in Leyden. Defeated Ottawa 67's 4 games to 1 in quarter-finals. Lost to North Bay Centennials 4 games to 1 in semi-finals.
1992–93 Lost to S.S.Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 0 in super-series. Earned first round bye. Defeated Sudbury Wolves 4 games to 3 in quarter-finals. Defeated Kingston Frontenacs 4 games to 1 in semi-finals. Defeated S.S.Marie Greyhounds 4 games to 1 in finals. OHL CHAMPIONS Finished Memorial Cup round-robin in second place. Defeated Laval Titan 3–1 in the semi-final game. Lost to S.S.Marie Greyhounds 4–2 in the championship game.
1993–94 Lost to Ottawa 67's 4 games to 3 in division quarter-finals.
1994–95 Defeated Oshawa Generals 4 games to 3 in division quarter-finals. Lost to Detroit Jr. Red Wings 4 games to 0 in quarter-finals.
1995–96 Defeated Kingston Frontenacs 4 games to 1 in division quarter-finals. Defeated Sarnia Sting 4 games to 2 in quarter-finals. Defeated Detroit Jr. Red Wings 4 games to 1 in semi-finals. Defeated Guelph Storm 4 games to 3 in finals. OHL CHAMPIONS Finished Memorial Cup round-robin in third place. Defeated Brandon Wheat Kings 4–3 in the semi-final game. Lost to Granby Prédateurs 4–0 in the championship game.
1996–97 Defeated Kingston Frontenacs 4 games to 1 in division quarter-finals. Lost to Oshawa Generals 4 games to 2 in quarter-finals.
1997–98 Lost to Belleville Bulls 4 games to 0 in division quarter-finals.
1998–99 Lost to Oshawa Generals 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
1999–2000 Lost to Belleville Bulls 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
2000–01 Lost to St. Michael's Majors 4 games to 3 in conference quarter-finals.
2001–02 Lost to Ottawa 67's 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals.
2002–03 Lost to Oshawa Generals 4 games to 3 in conference quarter-finals.
2003–04 Out of playoffs.
2004–05 Defeated Belleville Bulls 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.  Defeated St. Michael's Majors 4 games to 1 in conference semi-finals. Lost to Ottawa 67's 4 games to 0 in conference finals.
2005–06 Defeated Ottawa 67's 4 games to 2 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated Sudbury Wolves 4 games to 0 in conference semi-finals. Defeated Barrie Colts 4 games to 1 in conference finals. Defeated London Knights 4 games to 0 in finals. OHL CHAMPIONS Finished Memorial Cup round-robin tied for third place. Lost to Vancouver Giants 6–0 in tie-breaker game.
2006–07 Out of playoffs.
2007–08 Lost to Belleville Bulls 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
2008–09 Lost to Brampton Battalion 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
2009–10 Lost to Mississauga Majors 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
2010–11 Out of playoffs.
2011–12 Out of playoffs.
2012–13 Out of playoffs.
2013–14 Defeated Kingston Frontenacs 4 games to 3 in conference quarter-finals.  Lost to Oshawa Generals 4 games to 0 in conference semi-finals.
2014–15 Lost to Oshawa Generals 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
2015–16 Lost to North Bay Battalion 4 games to 3 in conference quarter-finals.
2016–17 Defeated Niagara IceDogs 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.  Defeated Kingston Frontenacs 4 games to 0 in conference semi-finals. Lost to Mississauga Steelheads 4 games to 0 in conference finals.
2017–18 Out of playoffs.
2018–19 Lost to Oshawa Generals 4 games to 1 in conference quarter-finals.
2019–20 Playoffs cancelled due to Covid-19 Pandemic.
2020–21 Season and playoffs cancelled due to Covid-19 Pandemic.
2021–22 Lost to Hamilton Bulldogs 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals.
2022–23 Defeated Sudbury Wolves 4 games to 0 in conference quarter-finals. Defeated Ottawa 67's 4 games to 2 in conference semi-finals. Defeated North Bay Battalion 4 games to 3 in conference finals. Defeated London Knights 4 games to 2 in finals. OHL CHAMPIONS Finished Memorial Cup round-robin tied for third place. Lost to Seattle Thunderbirds 4–1 in the semi-final game.

Uniforms and logos
From 1956 to 1974, the Petes wore the red, white & blue colours of the Montreal Canadiens. In 1974–75, the club changed to the maroon & white colours they wear today. In January 2000, a new '3rd' jersey was introduced, that used the maroon background, with white, black & gold trim.

For the 2005–06 season, the Petes unveiled a 50th anniversary jersey that has a black background with maroon & gold trim. During January in the 2006–07 season, the Petes wore throwback jerseys for the TPT Petes.

Arena

The Peterborough Memorial Centre was constructed in 1956, and named in honour of the many war veterans who came from the region. It was built at the east of the fairground and horse track at the corner of Landsdowne and George streets.

The original design included a large stage at the south end of the arena, with an oversized portrait of Queen Elizabeth II above. The seats were all wooden and painted yellow, green and mauve. The Memorial Centre hosted the Memorial Cup tournament in 1996. The arena has a capacity of 4,329 for hockey, and an additional 1,000 for concerts.

In 2003, the Memorial Centre was renovated adding 24 luxury box suites, improved concessions, a licensed restaurant, new seats, boards, scoreboard and the addition of air conditioning. The renovated arena hosted the 2004 OHL All-Star Classic.

Canadian Football Hall of Fame inductee John Badham briefly served as the public address announcer for Peterborough Petes home games.

Broadcasting
The games can be heard on local radio station Extra 90.5 or watched on YourTV channel 700HD 10SD. Petes games can be watched on YourTV with Pete Dalliday (play by play), Scott Arnold (analyst) and Dan Malta (host).

See also
List of ice hockey teams in Ontario

References

External links
www.gopetesgo.com Official web site
Ontario Hockey League  Official web site
Canadian Hockey League Official web site

Ontario Hockey League teams
Ice hockey clubs established in 1956
Petes, Peterborough
1956 establishments in Ontario

Peterborough Petes


Nadvršje (eng. headroom), razlika između vrha zvučnoga zapisa i najviše vrijednosti koja se može postići bez šišanja. Snimanje pri -6 dB ispod najviše vrijednosti dobro je odmjereno jer ne odlazi predaleko od šumnoga poda, a ostavlja dostatno nadvršja za moguće učinke koji će poglasniti zvuk. Smanjenje nadvršja prouzročuje DC odmak.

Izvori

Obrada zvuka

Nadvršje


CTV 2 is a Canadian English-language television system owned by the Bell Media subsidiary of BCE Inc. The system consists of four terrestrial owned-and-operated television stations (O&Os) in Ontario, one in British Columbia and two regional cable television channels, one in Atlantic Canada and the other in Alberta (the latter formerly being the provincial educational channel in that province under the name Access Alberta).

The CTV 2 system began in 1995 as NewNet, which was originated from the station CKVR-TV, owned by CHUM Limited, who disaffiliated from the CBC and modeled its format aimed at younger viewers after its Citytv station, CITY-TV in Toronto. The NewNet system expanded with the acquisition of four Baton Broadcasting stations in Southern Ontario, followed by the launch of CIVI-TV in Vancouver Island. NewNet was rebranded to A-Channel in 2005 after acquiring the assets of Craig Media. In 2007, CHUM Limited was acquired by CTVglobemedia; to comply with Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) ownership limits, the Citytv stations were sold to Rogers Media, while the non-Citytv stations were relaunched as A in 2008 then again as CTV Two in 2011 with two former Astral Media stations in British Columbia joining the system in 2015.

CTV 2 provides complementary programming to Bell Media's larger CTV network, though since the late 2010s it has increasingly aired repeats in primetime, with only a handful of first-run programs apart from late-night talk shows (simulcast from NBC) and stations' local newscasts. It operates primarily in markets that overlap with the service area of an existing CTV station. CTV 2 broadcast covers all provinces in Canada except Quebec, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan.

History

Beginning as NewNet

The system began to develop in 1995, at CKVR-TV in Barrie, Ontario. In September of that year, owner CHUM Limited dropped CKVR's longtime affiliation with CBC Television and relaunched it as an independent station with a more youthful image in order to generate interest from viewers in the neighbouring Toronto market, where CKVR had long been available on basic cable. This included adopting a news format similar to the CityPulse newscasts on sister station CITY-TV, replacing its various classic television shows with more contemporary series, and picking up a package of games for the Toronto Raptors, Toronto's then-new NBA franchise. The resulting station became known as "The New VR".

The experiment was successful enough that CHUM replicated CKVR's format on stations it had acquired from Baton Broadcasting in 1997, namely CHRO in Pembroke, CFPL-TV in London, CKNX-TV in Wingham, and CHWI-TV in Windsor. Most of these stations were also former CBC affiliates, and in markets where CKVR's sister station, CITY-TV, was already or subsequently became available on basic cable. CIVI-DT in Victoria, British Columbia was added into the system at its launch in October 2001.

CHUM informally referred to these stations as the "NewNet". That name was never used on-air on any of these stations; rather it served as a common identifier for the stations to advertising buyers (it was also used on news vehicles in Southwestern Ontario). On-air, each station was known as "The New XX", with XX representing the last two letters of the station's callsign (e.g., "The New WI" for CHWI, "The New RO" for CHRO, "The New PL" for CFPL, etc.)

A-Channel

On March 15, 2005, CHUM announced that the NewNet stations would be relaunched as A-Channel by that fall. The rebrand took place on August 2, 2005, the same date that the former A-Channel stations in Winnipeg, Edmonton and Calgary, recently acquired by CHUM from Craig Media, were relaunched as Citytv. The change reflected a shift towards a more traditional broadcasting model at these stations.

On July 12, 2006, Bell Globemedia announced a friendly takeover bid to buy CHUM Limited. The company initially intended to keep CHUM's Citytv system, while divesting the A-Channel and Access stations in order for the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to approve the acquisition.

On April 9, 2007, Rogers Communications announced an agreement to purchase the A-Channel stations, along with the CBC Television affiliate in Brandon, Manitoba (CKX-TV) and several cable channels being put up for sale as part of the CTV transaction. The CRTC announced its approval of the purchase of CHUM Limited by what was now known as CTVglobemedia, on June 8 of the same year, but added a condition that CTVgm must sell off CHUM's Citytv stations to another buyer. At the same time, it was permitted to keep the A-Channel stations, in effect cancelling the planned sale of A-Channel to Rogers.

On June 22, 2007, CTVglobemedia finalized its purchase of the CHUM Limited stations, while the Citytv stations were sold to Rogers. The company initially intended to keep the A-Channel stations' branding and programming independent from the CTV Television Network. However, as with the relationship between Global and E!, CTV radically adjusted A-Channel's announced schedule over the summer of 2007 to make room for several series that could not be accommodated on the main network's fall schedule. Notably, A-Channel picked up CTV's rights to 30 Rock, Scrubs, Two and a Half Men, The Big Bang Theory and Jeff Ltd. In October, CTV also moved Dirty Sexy Money and Big Shots, both of which had originally premiered on the main network, to A-Channel.

Later in the fall, CTV also replaced A-Channel's daily entertainment newscast, Star! Daily, with MTV e2 and strip reruns of Degrassi: The Next Generation, although new episodes of that series continued to air on CTV.

On July 26, 2007, CTVglobemedia named Richard Gray the head of news for the A-Channel stations and CKX-TV. Gray would report to the CTVgm corporate group, not CTV News, to preserve independent news presentation and management. Gray began to oversee the news departments for CKVR, CHRO, CFPL, CKNX, CHWI, CIVI and CKX.

Shortly after CTV took control of A-Channel and most of the other assets owned by CHUM, media analysts began to speculate that the A-Channel stations would be renamed in 2008. Viewer surveys in 2007 and 2008 suggested that the names "Much TV" and "CHUM TV" were under consideration.

A
At its fall upfronts presentation on June 2, 2008, CTV announced that it would reformat the A-Channel stations with a new look and new logo, becoming known as simply "A" (originally stylized as "'A'", then as "/A\" to mimic the visual style of its logo). In anticipation of the format change, A-Channel's press materials began using the "A" name that same month, and on-air personalities began referring to the local newscasts as A News instead of A-Channel News.

The on-air relaunch from A-Channel to A took place on August 11, 2008. On that same date, Atlantic Canada's Atlantic Satellite Network also joined the A television system as A Atlantic, and began to carry the entire A program lineup. In addition, Alberta's Access also adopted a new A-styled logo and began to feature the A lineup in certain prime time hours.

Financial problems
On February 25, 2009, CTV announced that, given what it saw as ongoing structural problems facing the conventional television sector in Canada and the current global economic crisis, it would not seek to renew the licences of Wheatley's CHWI-TV (and its rebroadcaster in Windsor) and Wingham's CKNX-TV. The stations were not expected to be converted to rebroadcasters of London's A station (CFPL) upon the expirations of their existing licences in August 2009; however, CTV had said news coverage for both areas would be provided by CFPL and CKCO. In addition, CTV also announced on February 19, 2009, that it would not apply to renew the licence of Brandon's CKX-TV beyond its August 31, 2009 expiration.

CTV announced further cuts on March 3, 2009. The A Morning programs produced separately at CKVR and CFPL were cancelled outright effective March 4 and were replaced by repeats of the previous evening's newscasts, while CIVI replaced its A Morning show with a simulcast of CTVglobemedia's Victoria-based radio station CFAX (1070 AM), although those stations retain their evening newscasts. On the other hand, CHRO saw its A Morning program expanded from three hours daily to four hours daily, and launched a two-hour Saturday edition of A Morning, while cancelling its evening newscasts (which trailed those of CTV network station CJOH-TV). In all, 118 people, or 23% of all A employees, were laid off. No cuts were announced for A Atlantic, which is already tightly integrated with CTV Atlantic.

On April 30, 2009, Shaw Communications announced that it would purchase CKX, CKNX, and CHWI for a dollar each, pending approval by the CRTC. However, it was reported on June 30, 2009, that Shaw had backed out of the deal and declined to complete the purchase, putting the stations' futures in serious doubt.

On July 8, 2009, CTV announced that it would keep CHWI open after the CRTC announced policy changes to increase funding for small-market television stations, and following lobbying efforts by the Windsor City Council, local Members of Provincial Parliament Sandra Pupatello and Dwight Duncan, and federal Members of Parliament Brian Masse and Joe Comartin to keep the only local privately owned television station in Windsor on air. In the same announcement, CTV indicated its intention to file an application with the CRTC to convert CKNX into a rebroadcaster of CFPL once that station shut down on August 31. On July 16, CTV announced that it would sell CKX-TV to Bluepoint Investment Corporation for a dollar. The deal was expected to close by December 31, 2009, pending CRTC approval; however, it was rejected on October 1, prompting the station to cease operations the following day.

CTV Two/CTV 2
On September 10, 2010, Bell Canada announced it re-acquire the assets of CTVglobemedia and the A system for $3.2 billion. The overall deal was approved by the CRTC on March 7, 2011 and was finalized on April 1, 2011 when it was relaunched as Bell Media.

On May 30, 2011, Bell Media (in conjunction with its contractor, the Troika Design Group) announced that it would extend the CTV brand to the A television system, for the start of the 2011-12 television season. As such, A was relaunched as CTV Two on August 29, 2011, with local newscasts in most markets rebranded from A News to CTV News, and the morning shows produced in Ottawa and Atlantic Canada becoming CTV Morning Live, ending nearly three years of the "A" brand. Additionally, an HD feed for the system launched on August 31, 2011.

As part of the relaunch, Bell expanded the system's coverage area. Alberta's provincial education channel Access (which had aired a limited amount of A programming) was renamed CTV Two Alberta and began carrying the full CTV Two primetime lineup excluding local CTV News programming. On June 17, 2011, Bell also filed an application with the CRTC and Industry Canada to establish additional repeaters for CKVR-DT to expand its signal farther into the Golden Horseshoe area; on UHF 42 in Fonthill, serving Niagara Falls, Fort Erie and St. Catharines, and a repeater on UHF 35 on CHCH-DT's Tower, serving Hamilton, Oakville, Haldimand County, Caledonia, Brantford, Milton and Cambridge. These applications were later approved by the CRTC.

On October 28, 2015, the CRTC made public an application by Bell to disaffiliate CJDC-TV and CFTK-TV from CBC Television effective February 22. Bell and the CBC agreed to an early termination of the affiliation agreements on October 5. Programming from CTV Two began on the date of disaffiliation from CBC.

Beginning the 2018-19 television season, the network re-branded as "CTV 2" under CTV's new brand identity.

Programming

Aside from a few key genres, such as movies and local news, the types of programming carried by CTV Two has varied significantly over its history.

As NewNet, the system mainly carried programs from what were then the two U.S. "netlets" (The WB and UPN), movies, a few syndicated series, and lower-rated offerings from the U.S. "big four" networks. Certain programs were timeshifted from their original airings on Citytv.

Throughout most of the network's existence, CTV Two has aired NBC's The Tonight Show and Late Night since the mid–1990s under hosts Jay Leno, Conan O'Brien, Jimmy Fallon and Seth Meyers. However, Late Night with Seth Meyers aired on CTV for the first two years of its run, but switched places with The Late Late Show with James Corden (which aired on CTV Two since its March 2015 debut) in February 2016.

As A-Channel, the system shifted towards a more traditional mix, including game shows and more traditional U.S. sitcoms and dramas. Some of the American shows aired during this era included Supernanny, America's Funniest Home Videos, Smallville, The Ellen DeGeneres Show and Wheel of Fortune, as well as Tonight and Late Night. Notable Canadian shows include Degrassi: The Next Generation and CityLine. A few original productions, such as 11 Somerset and Charlie Jade, have aired on A-Channel. The drama series Missing was carried over from the former Craig Media-owned A-Channel (now Citytv) stations. Following the acquisition by CTVglobemedia, CTV would occasionally bump one of its programs over to A-Channel to make room for a different show; during the summer, A-Channel would often carry repeats of CTV series, freeing up CTV to carry original programming.

For several seasons, CHRO-TV also produced and broadcast 20 regular-season games per year of the National Hockey League's Ottawa Senators. These games were generally seen on Thursday nights and were usually among CHRO's most popular programmes. These games have been reassigned to the team's cable home, Sportsnet, as of the 2008–09 season. Although CHRO no longer airs the games themselves, the station still produces and airs a post-game show.

There may be some confusion about the system's launch date due to a celebration of "50 years of local news" held by local CTV and A-Channel stations in April 2008. Neither the system nor any local CTV-owned station launched in 1958, although some of the stations that later joined CTV launched earlier in the decade. The celebration was not timed to any particular anniversary but rather to a CRTC review of regulations for local television stations also held that month.

As A, the network's primetime schedule was revamped again, positioning A as the cutting-edge counterpart to the main CTV network. Most of the schedule consisted of anticipated new series such as Eleventh Hour and Fringe, and critically acclaimed or high-buzz (but lower-rated) sophomore series such as Gossip Girl, Mad Men, Private Practice, and Pushing Daisies, although a few older holdovers such as AFV and America's Next Top Model (previously on Citytv) remained in primetime. Talk shows such as Ellen, Tonight, and Late Night remain, while Wheel, which moved to CBC Television, was replaced by TMZ.

As part of its relaunch as CTV Two, the primetime schedule focused on highly anticipated new series, including results shows for The X Factor (the performance shows aired on CTV), Up All Night, and Man Up!. Additionally, CSI: Miami, Criminal Minds and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit also moved to CTV Two.

Since its acquisition by CTVglobemedia (now Bell Media), the network would also serve as an alternate outlet for CTV programming in the event of scheduling conflicts with other programming, major breaking news, and special events such CTV's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics. Conversely, in markets where CTV Two is not available, some CTV affiliates may sometimes carry some CTV Two programming, although this is rare.

CTV 2 stations

Notes:
1) This list includes stations affiliated with CTV 2 under the system's previous NewNet, A-Channel and A branding;
2) Italicized channel numbers indicate a digital channel allocated for future use by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission.
3) Non-Italicized channel numbers indicate the RF channel in current use for digital (ATSC) transmission as allocated by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission.

Owned-and-operated stations

Secondary carriers
These stations are also owned and operated by Bell Media and carry most CTV 2 programming, but are locally branded.

See also

 2007 Canada broadcast TV realignment

References

External links

History of CTV Two – Canadian Communications Foundation

Bell Media networks
Canadian television systems

CTV 2


Bornhöved, Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Segeberg iline bağlı bir yerleşim yeri. 14,35 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 31 Mart 2010 itibarıyla 3.422 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Helga Hauschildt tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-bornhoeved.de

Kaynakça

Segeberg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Bornhöved


High Sierra is a 1941 American film noir directed by Raoul Walsh, written by William R. Burnett and John Huston from the novel by Burnett, and starring Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart. Its plot follows a career criminal who becomes involved in a jewel heist in a resort town in California's Sierra Nevada, along with a young former taxi dancer (Lupino).

Parts of the film were shot on location at Whitney Portal, halfway up Mount Whitney.

The screenplay was co-written by John Huston, Bogart's friend and drinking partner, adapted from the novel by William R. Burnett (also known for, among others, Little Caesar and Scarface). The film cemented a strong personal and professional connection between Bogart and Huston, and provided the breakthrough in Bogart's career, transforming him from supporting player to leading man. The film's success also led to a breakthrough for Huston, providing him with the leverage he needed to make the transition from screenwriter to director, which he made later that year with his adaptation of The Maltese Falcon (1941), starring Bogart.

The film contains extensive location shooting, especially in the climactic final scenes, as the authorities pursue Bogart's character, gangster Roy Earle, from Lone Pine to the foot of the mountains.

Plot
An aging gangster, Big Mac, is planning a robbery at a fashionable resort hotel in the resort town of Tropico Springs in the Sierra Nevada. He wants the heist led by convicted bank robber Roy Earle, whose recent release from an Indiana prison was engineered by Big Mac bribing the governor. Roy drives cross-country to an abandoned logging camp in the mountains to meet with the three men who will assist him in the heist: Louis Mendoza works as a clerk in the hotel, while Red and Babe are living at the camp. Babe has brought along his girlfriend Marie Garson, a dance hall performer from Los Angeles.

Deriding Marie's involvement, Roy at first insists she return to Los Angeles, but after some discussion he agrees to let her stay. At the camp, Algernon, a handyman, introduces Roy to Pard, a small dog to whom he takes a liking and Roy decides to adopt the dog. Meanwhile, Marie falls in love with Roy, but he does not share her feelings. In Tropico Springs, Roy witnesses a minor car accident involving Ma and Pa Goodhue and their granddaughter Velma, a young woman with a clubfoot who walks with a limp. Swiftly enamored with Velma, Roy pays for corrective surgery to allow her to walk normally, despite her grandfather's warning that Velma is engaged. While she is recovering, Roy asks Velma to marry him, but she refuses, explaining that she is devoted to her fiancé back East.

The group execute the heist at the hotel, but it goes awry when they are interrupted by a security guard. Roy makes his getaway with Marie and a stash of jewelry from the hotel safe, but Mendoza, Red, and Babe are involved in a car accident in which Red and Babe die. Mendoza is captured by the police who question him. Roy and Marie drive to Los Angeles with the jewels, only to find that Big Mac has died of a heart attack and that Jake Kranmer, an ex-policeman, has taken over the operation. Kranmer tries to force Roy to give him the jewels, but a defiant Roy shoots him dead.

Back in Los Angeles, Roy visits Velma, having promised her he would come to see her when she is able to walk. He then meets with a fence who is to pay for the stolen jewels, but the man tells Roy he cannot pay him the $30,000 immediately. While the fence holds onto the jewels, Roy gives Marie an engagement ring. He and Marie go into hiding at a hotel, but they panic when Roy's name and face make newspaper headlines, and the stories mention both Marie and even the dog's name "Pard", based on what Mendoza has told the police.

Deciding that he would be safer on his own, Roy sends Marie and Pard to Las Vegas by bus. He returns to Los Angeles to get paid for the jewelry. Figuring on collecting immediately, he has given all his ready cash to Marie. When his car runs low on gas, Roy risks a small town stickup and is immediately recognized. Roy is pursued by police back into the mountains, where he is forced to abandon his car and flee on foot. Marie hears a news broadcast about the chase. She is then interrogated by investigators, who try to persuade her to lure Roy out of hiding. She refuses, knowing that Roy would rather die than return to prison. The police force her to accompany them on their search in the mountains. Meanwhile, Roy hides out behind a large rock on the mountainside.

At dawn, Pard escapes the police encampment and locates Roy, who is suddenly distracted by the dog's barking. Assuming Marie has found him, Roy runs out onto a precipice, calling her name, and is killed by a sharpshooter. Marie watches in horror from below as Roy's body topples down the mountainside. Followed by officers, Marie rushes to Roy's body, as does Pard, who lies down next to him. As Marie is escorted away with Pard, she takes small comfort in knowing that Roy will not be returning to prison.

Cast

 Ida Lupino as Marie Garson
 Humphrey Bogart as Roy Earle/Roy Collins
 Alan Curtis as Babe Kozak
 Arthur Kennedy as Red Hattery
 Joan Leslie as Velma
 Henry Hull as "Doc" Banton
 Henry Travers as Pa Goodhue
 Jerome Cowan as Healy
 Minna Gombell as Mrs. Baughman
 Barton MacLane as Jake Kranmer
 Donald MacBride as Big Mac
 Willie Best as Algernon
 Zero as Pard

Uncredited:
 Elisabeth Risdon as Ma Goodhue
 Cornel Wilde as Louis Mendoza
 Paul Harvey as Mr. Baughman
 Isabel Jewell as Blonde
 Spencer Charters as Ed
 George Meeker as Pfiffer
 Robert Strange as Art
 John Eldredge as Lon Preiser
 Sam Hayes as Announcer
 Eddie Acuff as Bus Driver

Themes
Luke Goodsell, writing for Senses of Cinema, writes that High Sierra presents its heist narrative as "something of a grasp for the fabled new America. Here, the Old West has been replaced by health spas and diets and a clean-living California; not coincidentally, a land that flourished in tandem with the aspirational illusion of Hollywood."

Production
George Raft was intended to play Roy Earle, but Bogart, who took a great interest in playing the role, managed to talk Raft out of accepting it. Walsh tried to persuade Raft otherwise but Raft did not want his character to die at the end of the film. Filmink said Raft "turned down High Sierra because it was another gangster  part, despite the excellent source material and Raoul Walsh directing (admittedly Paul Muni rejected the role first for the same reason… but Muni was a proper actor, well established in a variety of parts and Raft wasn't)."

Bogart had to persuade director Walsh to hire him for the role, because Walsh envisioned Bogart as a supporting player rather than a leading man, although writer John Huston saw potential in Bogart that others in the studio did not perceive. Ida Lupino had receive good publicity in connection with her performance in They Drive By Night, and this caused producer Mark Hellinger to suggest to executive producer Hal Wallis that Lupino be billed over Bogart, who to that point had only starred in "B" movies; in later releases of the film, Bogart got top billing.  Bogart's portrayal of Roy Earle in High Sierra made him a star, and changed the way Warner Bros. saw him.

Pard, the dog of Bogart's character was erroneously believed by some to be canine actor Terry (Toto from The Wizard of Oz).

In the final scene, Buster Wiles, a stunt performer, plays Roy's corpse. His hand is filled with biscuits to encourage Pard to lick Roy's hand.

Many key shots of the movie were filmed on location in the Sierra Nevada, including Big Bear Lake and Lake Arrowhead in California. In a climactic scene, Bogart's character slid  down a mountainside to his just reward. His stunt double, Wiles, bounced a few times going down the mountain and wanted another take to do better. "Forget it," said Raoul Walsh. "It's good enough for the 25-cent customers." Special effects were by Byron Haskin and H.  F. Koenekamp.

Release

Box office
High Sierra opened theatrically in Los Angeles on January 23, 1941. According to Warner Bros. records, the film made $1,063,000 in the U.S. ($ million in  terms) and $426,000 ($ million in  terms) in other markets.

Critical response
Critic Bosley Crowther liked the acting in the picture, and wrote "As gangster pictures go, this one has everything—speed, excitement, suspense, and that ennobling suggestion of futility, which makes for irony and pity. Mr. Bogart plays the leading role with a perfection of hard-boiled vitality, and Ida Lupino, Arthur Kennedy, Alan Curtis, and a newcomer named Joan Leslie handle lesser roles effectively. Especially, is Miss Lupino impressive as the adoring moll. As gangster pictures go—if they do—it's a perfect epilogue. Count on the old guard and Warners: they die but never surrender."

Time reviewed the film when released as having "less of realistic savagery than of the quaint, nostalgic atmosphere of costume drama." The reviewer noted, "What makes High Sierra something more than a Grade B melodrama is its sensitive delineation of gangster Earle's character. Superbly played by Actor Bogart, Earle is a complex human being, a farmer boy who turned mobster, a gunman with a string of murders on his record who still is shocked when newsmen call him "Mad-Dog" Earle. He is kind to the mongrel dog (Zero) that travels with him, befriends a taxi dancer (Ida Lupino) who becomes his moll, and goes out of his way to help a crippled girl (Joan Leslie). All Roy Earle wants is freedom. He finds it for good on a lonely peak in the mountains."

Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a critic score of 91%, based on 22 reviews.

Home media
Warner Home Video released High Sierra on DVD in November 2003. On October 12, 2021, The Criterion Collection released a new edition of the film on Blu-ray and DVD.

Adaptations
 A radio play on two broadcasts of The Screen Guild Theater, first on January 4, 1942, with Humphrey Bogart and Claire Trevor, and the second on April 17, 1944, with Bogart and Ida Lupino
 The Western Colorado Territory (1949), starring Joel McCrea and Virginia Mayo, and also directed by Raoul Walsh, was also based on  W. R. Burnett's novel.
 I Died a Thousand Times (1955), starring Jack Palance and Shelley Winters, directed by Stuart Heisler was based on Burnett's novel as well.

See also
 Joshua Tree

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

Streaming audio
 High Sierra on Screen Guild Theater: April 17, 1944

1941 films
1941 crime drama films
American black-and-white films
American crime drama films
American heist films
1940s English-language films
Film noir
Films about organized crime in the United States
Films based on American novels
Films based on crime novels
Films based on works by W. R. Burnett
Films directed by Raoul Walsh
Films scored by Adolph Deutsch
Films set in Palm Springs, California
Films shot in California
Films with screenplays by John Huston
Warner Bros. films
1940s American films

High Sierra (film)


La Comarque du Río Mula est une comarque de la région de Murcie (Espagne) formée par les communes d'Albudeite, Mula, Campos del Río et Pliego. Elle est située au centre de la région.
Le chef-lieu est Mula. La comarque est traversée par le .

Communes

Liens externes
 Site officiel de Albudeite
 Site officiel de Campos del Río
 Site officiel de Mula
 Site officiel de Pliego

Rio Mula

Comarque du Río Mula