Blackwater is a rural town and locality in the Central Highlands Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , the locality of Blackwater had a population of 4,702 people.

It is a town in a significant coal mining area in Central Queensland. The name of the township was inspired by the dark colour of local waterholes.

Geography

Six major open cut coal mines and one underground dot the landscape surrounding the town and provide its main employment opportunities. The town is also situated close to the Blackdown Tableland National Park which lies to the southeast and Blackwater coal mine located south of the town. Emerald is  to the west.

Bonnie Doon is a neighbourhood in the centre of the locality () and is associated with the Bonnie Doon pastoral station established in 1893.

Rangal, a neighbourhood in the locality (), is associated with former Rangal railway station (originally called Frasers Siding), assigned by the Queensland Railways Department on 7 June 1927. It is an Aboriginal word referring to a species of Callistemon (ti tree).

History
Blackwater was established on Gangulu territory, and is named after the Blackwater Creek which apparently was first observed to flow with black water, believed to be caused by the local coal deposits.

Coal deposits were discovered there by Ludwig Leichhardt on his expedition from Moreton Bay to Port Essington (now Darwin, Northern Territory) in 1845. Leichhardt saw "beds of coal indistinguishable from those on the Hunter at Newcastle".

Blackwater Post Office opened on 19 July 1877.Blackwater Provisional School  opened on 21 November 1877 but closed sometime after September 1878. It reopened in 1883 and on 1 January 1909 became Blackwater State School.

It wasn't until over a century after Leichhardt first discovered the beds of coal at Blackwater that the town saw major coal mining development.  With the opening up of several coal mines near the town in the 1960s, Blackwater's population rapidly increased as people searching for work found employment in the town's booming mining industry.  There were 77 people living in Blackwater when the 1961 census was recorded.  This increased to almost 2,000 when the 1971 census was recorded.

Blackwater State High School opened on 30 January 1973.

By the mid-late 1970s, the population of Blackwater was more than 10,000 people. At that time the town had 3 Rugby League clubs: South Blackwater, Blackwater Devils and Blackwater Centrals.

Blackwater North State School opened on 30 January 1979.

6,760 people living in Blackwater in 1991. Since then, the population of the town has gradually waned. In the , there were still over 5,000 people living in the Blackwater community.

In the , the locality of Blackwater had a population of 4,749 people.

In the , the locality of Blackwater had a population of 4,702 people.

Approximately 100,000 workers have been employed in coal mining at Blackwater over its 50-year history. The town has provided considerable economic development for Queensland and Australia more generally.

1867 Gold Escort murders
Blackwater is located close to the site of the infamous double murder of two police constables at the hands of gold commissioner Thomas Griffin.

Griffin killed the two troopers, John Power and Patrick Cahill, on 6 November 1867 on the banks of the Mackenzie River near the present day site of Blackwater's Bedford Weir, which is located approximately 25 kilometres north of the town. The three men had been a part of a gold escort, escorting £4000 in cash from Rockhampton to the Clermont goldfields, which Griffin stole after he killed Power and Cahill.  Griffin was later convicted of the crime and hanged in Rockhampton.

A memorial to Power and Cahill was erected at the Bedford Weir in 2013. The 150th anniversary of their murders, in 2017, was commemorated in both Blackwater and Rockhampton.

1980 John Howard visit
Blackwater attracted national media attention in 1980 after violent scenes occurred outside the Capricorn Hotel on 1 August 1980, when angry striking coal miners confronted Federal Treasurer, John Howard.

Howard had arrived in Blackwater with Deputy Prime Minister, Doug Anthony, and Queensland Treasurer, Llewellyn Edwards, to negotiate with union officials in an attempt to end the protracted industrial action.  The strike by the miners was in protest against a government plan to make coal miners pay tax on housing subsidised by the mining companies.

The miners, who had been supplied with free alcohol, confronted the politicians as they left the hotel after negotiations reached a stalemate. As police officers attempted to hastily escort the politicians to the safety of waiting police vehicles, Howard was shoved, jostled, sworn at and grabbed in a headlock.  A police officer sustained a suspected broken nose, a camera operator was punched in the face and eggs were thrown.  A police vehicle was also damaged when its tail light was kicked in.

The 10-week strike ended in September 1980 when the Federal Government eventually reached an agreement with the Combined Mining Unions.

1999 Australian Story controversy
In 1999, a production crew from ABC Television's documentary series Australian Story arrived in Blackwater to film jazz musician Don Burrows' visit to the town.  Burrows had already visited Blackwater on two previous occasions. On this occasion Burrows performed a concert in the town with pianist Kevin Hunt and briefly spent time with members of Blackwater State High School's concert band. The Australian Story program, entitled "Mr Burrows goes to Blackwater" and introduced by Julie Anthony, aired on 29 July 1999.

The Blackwater community's reception to the program was mostly negative. Complaints ranged from the way Blackwater was portrayed in the program, to the way the program implied that Burrows was single-handedly responsible for the success of the high school band when in actuality he had only played a very minor role. Principal of Blackwater State High School, Jim Reay, said he was disappointed with the program, particularly by the failure of the program to acknowledge the contribution of bandmaster and music teacher John Evenhuis. It was also a sentiment shared by many local residents who felt that Evenhuis had achieved much more than Burrows regarding the success of the concert band and was more deserving of the praise which had been afforded to Burrows.

The substantial negative reaction prompted Australian Story producer John Millard to write a lengthy open letter to the Blackwater community which was published in local newspaper, the Blackwater Herald, in an attempt to explain why the program was produced the way it was.

2008 Bedford Weir fabridam failure
On 23 November 2008, a fabridam barrier at the Bedford Weir on the Mackenzie River near Blackwater suddenly failed, causing 6,000 megalitres of water to surge downstream into a popular recreational area where people were swimming. A four year old girl, Nelani Koefer, who had been paddling in shallow water, was washed away and drowned.  Her body was recovered the following day.

The Bedford Weir's operator SunWater Limited and the manufacturer of the fabridam wall, Trelleborg Engineered Systems, were held responsible for the failure. In 2013, SunWater pleaded guilty to a breach of the Workplace Health & Safety Act in the Rockhampton Industrial Magistrates Court and was fined $80,000, but no conviction was recorded.  Trelleborg Engineered Systems was also fined $80,000.

A coronial inquest was held in 2015, the findings of which were delivered on 17 March 2016.  The coroner found that the collapse had been caused by a manufacturing fault in the wall, which had been designed by Trelleborg.   The coroner advised that the walls should be removed, never to be used again.

In 2016, it was reported that Nelani Koefer's mother had filed a claim in the Rockhampton Supreme Court suing SunWater and Trelleborg for $1.48 million.

2020 COVID-19 scares
In 2020, it was feared that the Blackwater community was potentially exposed to COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia after it was confirmed on two separate occasions that there had been positive COVID-19 test results.  On both occasions it was confirmed the initial test results had been false positives.

In the first incident, it was reported on 11 April 2020 that a Rockhampton-based worker employed at BHP's BMA coal mine at Blackwater had tested positive to COVID-19.   The positive result prompted BHP to contact people who may have been in contact with the employee who had not been on site since 1 April 2020. However, several days later the Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service confirmed that the man had tested negative to COVID-19 following a secondary test and that the first test had been a false positive.

In the second incident, it was confirmed on 27 May 2020 by the Queensland Government that 30-year-old mine worker Nathan Turner had died at his Blackwater home and had subsequently tested positive to COVID-19.   At the time, Turner was believed to have been the youngest person in Australia to have died from COVID-19, a fact that generated significant national media interest.

Following the announcement, a special COVID-19 response team was dispatched to Blackwater and many of the town's residents came forward to be tested.  Blackwater's sewerage was also tested in an attempt to determine whether the virus had spread through the community. There were also fears that they may have been a link between Turner and a Rockhampton aged care nurse who had earlier travelled to Blackwater while infectious with COVID-19.

Several days after they had said that Turner had died from COVID-19, the Queensland Government revealed that the coroner had advised them that Turner did not have COVID-19 and that the initial test may have been a false positive.

The revelation that Turner did not have COVID-19 sparked anger in the Blackwater community.  It also prompted almost 10,000 people to sign a petition on Change.org demanding Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk and Chief Health Officer Jeannette Young apologise to Turner's family. Palaszczuk and Deputy Premier Steven Miles both publicly apologised to Turner's family while Young said she believed nothing could have been done differently and was confident the correct actions were taken to protect the Blackwater community following the initial positive test result.

There was also criticism that news of Turner's false positive was first revealed on social media by his partner's workplace rather than Queensland Health, who only confirmed the news several hour afterwards. The government's actions, however, received support from Turner's father who said although he didn't understand how a false positive had occurred, he understood that the potential risk required immediate action and that the public needed to be informed.

Education

Blackwater State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at Wey Street (). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 183 students with  14 teachers and 18 non-teaching staff (10 full-time equivalent).

Blackwater North State School is a government primary (Early Childhood-6) school for boys and girls at William Street (). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 397 students with  27 teachers (26 full-time equivalent) and 19 non-teaching staff (13 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program.

Blackwater State High School is a government secondary (7-12) school for boys and girls at Elm Street (). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 316 students with  36 teachers (35 full-time equivalent) and 24 non-teaching staff (17 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program.

Amenities

The Central Highlands Regional Council Library Services operates a Library in Blackwater at the Community Centre on Wey Street.

Frank Tutungi Memorial Lions Park is on the corner of the Capricorn Highway and Mackenzie Street. It is named after one of the Blackwater Lions Charter Members, Frank Tutungi, who was one of the original members of the Blackwater Lions Club and was the first from Blackwater to become a District Governor. The park displays the flags of the 37 nationalities who have lived and worked in the town.

The Blackwater branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the QCWA Hall at 1 Ardurad Road.

Blackwater Uniting Church is at 1 Coolibah Street (). It is part of the Central Queensland Presbytery.

Fossils
Discoveries in the Blackwater region include Bowengriphus, and Ebenaqua.

Notable people from Blackwater
Olympic track cyclist Anna Meares was born in Blackwater in 1983.  In 2012, a street was named after her, when Meares Street was constructed as part of a new subdivision in the centre of Blackwater.

Australian television personality, actor and comedian Josh Thomas was born in Blackwater in 1987, but moved with his family to Brisbane soon after.

Australian rugby league players PJ Marsh and David Taylor both grew up in Blackwater. They have represented various teams in the National Rugby League competition.

Wayne Denning, who established the award-winning creative agency Carbon Creative, was born in Blackwater.

See also

 Blackwater Airport
 Blackwater railway system
 Coal in Australia

References

External links

Mining towns in Queensland
Towns in Queensland
Central Highlands Region
Localities in Queensland

Blackwater, Queensland


Kemal Nehrozoğlu (23 Nisan 1940, Mardin, Türkiye), Cumhurbaşkanlığı Genel Sekreteri; İzmir, Muğla, Amasya ve Kocaeli valiliği de yapmıştır.

1961 yılında Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi'ni bitirdi. Memuriyetine, İçel il maiyet memurluğu ile başladı. Çeşitli ilçelerde kaymakamlık yaptı. Türkiye ve Orta Doğu Amme İdaresi Enstitüsü'nde Kamu Yönetimi Uzmanlık Programını bitirdi. İngiltere Leeds Üniversitesi'nde Kalkınma İdaresi Konusu'nda lisansüstü çalışma yaptı. 1978'de Konya Vali Yardımcılığı'na, 1981 yılında Muğla Valiliği'ne atanan Nehrozoğlu, 1984-89 yılları arasında merkez valiliği yaptı. 1989 - 1992 yıllarında emeklilik sonrası özel sektörde yöneticilik, bir yandan da SHP Genel Başkanı Erdal İnönü'ye danışmanlık yaptı. 1992'de Kocaeli Valiliği'ne, 1996'da da Amasya Valiliği'ne atandı. 14 Ağustos 1998'de de İzmir Valiliği'ne getirilen Kemal Nehrozoğlu, Kocaeli Üniversitesi'nden onursal doktora, çeşitli kuruluşlardan da çevre, kültürel, kültürel mirasın korunması, engelli dostu ödülleri aldı. Türk İdareciler Derneği, Türk Bilişim Vakfı, Mülkiyeliler Birliği üyesi olan Nehrozoğlu evli, 2 çocuk ve 4 torun sahibidir

2000-2007 yılları arasında Cumhurbaşkanı Ahmet Necdet Sezer'in genel sekreterliğini yaptı. TBMM XVII. Dönem Mardin milletvekili Kenan Nuri Nehrozoğlu'nun kardeşidir.

Kaynakça

1940 doğumlular
Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler
Yaşayan insanlar
Erdal İnönü
Ahmet Necdet Sezer
Gazi Lisesinde öğrenim görenler

Kemal Nehrozoğlu


بلدية كامبو دي مايرا/إل كامب دي مايرا  (بالفالنسية:El Camp de Mirra), هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة اليكانتي. جنوب شرق إسبانيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها 409 نسمة.

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة لقنت
بلديات لقنت

كامبو دي مايرا


Fazıl Say (, n. 14 ianuarie 1970, Ankara, Turcia) este un renumit pianist și compozitor internațional turc. Say este în Turcia, de asemenea, un binecunoscut activist pentru drepturile civile.

Biografie
Fazıl Say s-a născut pe 14 ianuarie 1970 în Ankara. Tatăl său, Ahmet Say, este un muzicolog și scriitor turc. Născut cu malformatie, cheilognathopalatoschisis, el a fost operat fiind copil. Medicul le-a recomandat părinților lui Fazıl, de a învăța să cante la un instrument de suflat, pentru a antrena astfel mușchii gurii. Părinții i-au făcut cadou mai târziu o orgă electronică, pe care a cântat simfoniile lui Mozart și Beethoven. La vârsta de cinci ani a primit lecții de pian cu un elev de-a lui Alfred Cortots. În 1985 David Levine și Aribert Reimann au condus un workshop la Ankara, unde, le-a atras atenția Fazıl. La momentul respectiv, Fazıl studia pianul și compoziție la Conservatorul de Stat. Ei l-au luat în 1987 la Robert Schumann-Hochschule din Düsseldorf, unde a studiat pianul cu David Levine. El s-a mutat în 1992 la Universität der Künste Berlin și a studiat acolo până în 1995. În acest timp, a participat la trei concursuri,  în 1994 a câștigat Young Concert Artists International Audiții în New York. Astfel a început carieră internațională a lui Say.

Ca pianist a cântat printre altele la New York Philharmonic, Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, Orchestra Concertgebouw, Philadelphia Orchestra, din Sankt Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra, BBC Philharmonic, Orchestre National de France, Wiener Symphonikern și alte orchestre importante din întreaga lume.

Discografie
 Interpretări
 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Sonate Pentru Pian (1998)
 Johann Sebastian Bach: Oeuvres se toarnă Pian (1998)
 Johann Sebastian Bach: franceză Suite nu.6 (2000)
 Gershwin (2000)
 Igor Stravinsky: Le Sacre du Printemps (2000)
 Ceaikovski: concertul pentru Pian nr.1 în si bemol minor, op.2 (2001)
 Diverse: Introducerea (2002)
 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Sonate Pentru Pian (2002)
 Fazıl Say: Pământ Negru (2003)
 Fazıl Say: Concertul Pentru Pian 2 (2003)
 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Concerte pentru Pian nr. 12, 21 si 23 (2005)
 Ludwig van Beethoven: Sonate pentru Pian (2005)
 Joseph Haydn: Sonate Pentru Pian Nr. 10, 31, 35, 37, 43 (2007)
 Fazıl Say: Singer (DVD, 2008)
 Fazıl Say 1001 de Nopți în Harem (2009)
 Lucrări pentru vioară și pian de Beethoven, Ravel, Bartók & Say (2009)
 Fazıl Say: Pământ Negru (CD/DVD, 2009)
 Poze (Mussorgsky, Janacek, Prokofiev; CD/DVD, 2011)
 Beethoven: Concertul pentru pian Nr. 3, sonate pentru pian nr. 14 și 32 (2014)
 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Complet Sonate Pentru Pian, 6 Cd-Uri (2016)
 Compilatii
 Romeo & Julia Vol. 2 (împreună cu alți artiști, 2001)
 Fazıl Say – 4cd Capbox (2007)
 Cel Mai Bun (2008)
 Fazıl Say: Pământ Negru (CD/DVD, 2009)
 Alte
 Fazıl Say – Alla Turca (DVD, 2008)

Premii
 2000: Diapason d ' or
 2001: ECHO Klassik , precum și Jahrespreis der Deutschen Schallplattenkritik pentru un Bösendorfer pentru 4 mâini de Stravinsky Le sacre du printemps (publicat pentru prima dată 2000 de Warner Music Group).
 2008: Bremer Musikfest-Preis
 2009: cu Patricia Kopatchinskaja: ECHO Klassik
 2013: Rheingau Musikpreis
 2013: ECHO Klassik premiul special pentru Istanbul Simfonie
 2016: Internationaler Beethovenpreis

Note

Legături externe

 de Fazıl Say în Catalogul Bibliotecii Naționale a Germaniei (Informații despre Fazıl Say • PICA • Căutare pe site-ul Apper)
 Site-ul de fazıl say
 Fazıl say pentru Warner Classics
 Biografie și lucrează la muzică editura Schott Music
 Timp insula II Fazil say "Istanbul Symphony" – muzică de Vis. În: Labkultur.tv 21. Martie 2010. (În limba germană interviu video cu fazıl say.)

Nașteri în 1970
Pianiști clasici
Turci în viață

Fazıl Say


تقع قصبة غيلان على الضفة اليمنى لوادي الحلق بطنجة، المغرب. وتقع على الطريق المؤدية إلى مالاباطا شرق المدينة العتيقة. تم بناؤها حوالي 1664 م، ويرتبط اسمها باسم الخضر غيلان قائد حركة الجهاد الإسلامي ضد الاستعمار الإنجليزي الذي احتل مدينة طنجة ما بين 1662م و1684 م. تتوفر القلعة على جهاز دفاعي محكم، عبارة عن سورين رباعيا الأضلاع محصنين ببرجين نصف دائريين وبارزين، تتوسطهما باب عمرانية ضخمة.

طنجة
مواقع أثرية في المغرب

قصبة غيلان


Creemore () is a former village, now part of Clearview Township, located in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. It lies approximately  north of Toronto, 40 minutes west of Barrie, and 20 minutes south of Collingwood and Georgian Bay. It sits on the eastern boundary of the Niagara Escarpment.

Creemore purportedly has North America's smallest jail. Coboconk and Tweed make similar claims of their jails.

History
The settlement of Creemore began in 1842 and by the turn of the century it was a thriving village of about 800 people with a vibrant business community.

In 1993, the amalgamation of Sunnidale, Nottawasaga, Village of Creemore and Town of Stayner took place and it became Clearview Township.

Before explorers arrived in the early 17th century, indigenous people lived in the general area of Creemore. Some of these native tribes included: Petun, Wyandot (Wendat), Iroquois, and Algonquin. Soon, early white explorers arrived to trade with these native tribes. Along with the arrival of the explorers, English civilization was soon imported into the area that we now know as Creemore.

French explorer Samuel de Champlain first visited the Creemore area in 1616 to promote trade with the Petun, a First Nations tribe. He was the first to write a description of the area: "The country is full of hill-slopes and little level stretches, which make it a pleasant country."

Creemore's name and town origins have strong Irish roots – the name is derived from the Irish "cron mor," which means "big heart" and it was the village's founder, Irish entrepreneur Edward Webster who coined the name in the year 1845. He paid tribute to his family by naming the original streets after them: Elizabeth (for his wife and daughter), Francis and Wellington (for his sons), and Alice and William (for his parents).

Historical signs are scattered around Creemore that explain more about the town's history. If you ever visit Creemore, it is advised that you read the signs if you are interested in the historical features of Creemore.

In Creemore, there are many historical sites that are quite interesting to look at.

Some of these sites include:
Four old churches there were constructed sometime before the 20th century
An old school that was constructed in the early 20th century - was no longer used as an educational site by 2013
Old bridge at the south end of Collingwood Street that was constructed in the 20th century - was revived in 2016 with new materials, with the shape and style of the bridge still remaining the same.

Economy

Creemore has a vibrant small business community and is the home to Creemore Springs Brewery. The microbrewery was acquired by Molson on April 22, 2005.
Each year the Copper Kettle festival attracts thousands, closing the entire main street with activities and antique automobile displays, bands, Farm animals and many other attractions for young and old.

References

Communities in Simcoe County
Former villages in Ontario

Creemore


Pinger ist der führende US-amerikanische Anbieter kostenloser SMS und siebtgrößter Mobilfunkbetreiber in den USA. Pinger wurde im Jahr 2005 von dem Duo Greg Woock CEO und Joe Sipher (Produkt- und Marketingchef) gegründet, ehemaligen Führungskräften von Palm.

Am 27. Februar 2012 wurde auf der Branchenmesse Mobile World in Barcelona von Pinger die Einführung einer App bekannt gegeben, mit dem Nutzer auch umsonst in öffentliche Netze telefonieren können. Der Dienst, den Pinger als "das erste kostenlose internationale Kommunikationsnetzwerk der Welt" bezeichnet, soll vorerst iOS-Smartphones von Apple sowie Android-Smartphones zur Verfügung stehen.

Deutschland ist das erste Land nach den USA, in welchem die kostenlose Telefonie ermöglicht werden soll. Später im Laufe des Jahres 2012 sollen noch Frankreich und Italien hinzukommen sowie acht weitere Länder. Das Angebot wird vorrangig durch Werbeeinnahmen finanziert. Aber auch T-Venture, ein Tochterunternehmen der Deutschen Telekom will sich mit 7,5 Millionen US-Dollar (5,6 Millionen Euro) an Pinger beteiligen.

Weblinks

 Offizielle Website

Einzelnachweise

Instant Messenger
Instant-Messaging-Protokoll
Chat-Dienst
Android-Software
IOS-Software

Pinger (Unternehmen)


Die Initiative für besseren Nahverkehr (IfbN) war eine Bürgerinitiative, die sich ab 1982 für die Verbesserung des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs in der ostwestfälischen Stadt Bielefeld und der umgebenden Region Ostwestfalen-Lippe eingesetzt hat. Die Initiative bekam für ihre Arbeit 1987 den Umweltpreis der Stadt Bielefeld.

Geschichte
Die IfbN gründete sich 1982 in Bielefeld. Auslöser der Bürgerinitiative war die Stilllegung der Straßenbahnlinie 1 in der Alfred-Bozi-Straße im Rahmen der neuen Stadtbahn Bielefeld. Die Mitglieder beeinflussten in der Folge nachhaltig die Nahverkehrskonzepte im Raum Ostwestfalen-Lippe. Den Bau des Stadtbahn-Tunnels in Bielefeld konnte die Initiative nicht verhindern, trotzdem fand eine konstruktive Zusammenarbeit mit den Bielefelder Stadtwerken – später moBiel – statt. Der Verlauf der Linie 4 (Universitätslinie) geht auf Vorschläge der IfbN zurück, ebenso ist die heute praktizierte Farbkennung der Bielefelder Stadtbahnlinien ein Vorschlag der Initiative gewesen.

Nachhaltig hat die IfbN die Entwicklung im modernen Öffentlichen Regionalverkehr beeinflusst. In einem Konzept für eine Regionalbahn Ostwestfalen-Lippe (ROL), das auf einem Nahverkehrskongress in Bielefeld vorgestellt wurde, nahm die Initiative zahlreiche später umgesetzte Konzepte vorweg. So setzten sich die Mitglieder für den Erhalt des "Haller Willem" ein, wie die Bahnstrecke Osnabrück–Brackwede auch genannt wird. Dazu gründeten sie mit weiteren Aktiven 1991 die "Initiative Haller Willem". Mit Erfolg, seit 2006 verkehren dort wieder Züge.

Ebenso arbeitete man eng mit der Interessengemeinschaft 105 zusammen, die sich für den Erhalt der Bahnstrecke Bünde–Bassum und damit der Direktverbindung zwischen den Großstädten Bremen und Bielefeld starkmachte.

Bestandteile des ROL-Konzeptes waren unter anderem der Einsatz von modernen Nahverkehrstriebwagen (Typ Bombardier Talent), moderne Hochbahnsteige, Taktfahrplan (möglichst jede Stunde), Spätverkehr, attraktive Namen der Regionalbahnstrecken (nach dem Vorbild der damaligen Fernverkehrszüge), moderne Stellwerke. Zahlreiche Komponenten wurden letztlich bundesweit umgesetzt.

Wirkung der Initiative für besseren Nahverkehr
Die Initiative für besseren Nahverkehr war der Vordenker der die Entwicklung im modernen Öffentlichen Regionalverkehr beeinflusste. Während in den Amtsstuben eher das Denken von überdimensionierten Straßenbau herrschte, sammelte sich hier ein fachkundiges Publikum, das sich für den Nahverkehr in allen Formen einsetzte. Beteiligt war die Initiative an der Wiedereröffnung und Ausbau des Straßenbahnnetzes in Bielefeld. In einem Konzept für eine Regionalbahn Ostwestfalen-Lippe (ROL), das auf einem Nahverkehrskongress in Bielefeld vorgestellt wurde, nahm die Initiative zahlreiche später umgesetzte Konzepte vorweg.

Auszeichnungen
Als Anerkennung ihrer Arbeit erhielt die IfbN 1987 den Umweltpreis der Stadt Bielefeld. Eckehard Frenz, Mitglied der Initiative, erhielt im Rahmen eines Neujahrsempfangs von Bundespräsidenten Roman Herzog eine Anerkennung für seine bürgerliches Engagement.

Veröffentlichungen

Literatur
 Nachruf Eckehard Frenz (PDF; 110 kB) veröffentlicht von der Kreistagsfraktion der Grünen in Gütersloh 2012

 Uli Burmeister, IfbN: Regionalbahn : Schienen zwischen Stadt u. Land. Art d'Ameublement, Bielefeld 1989, ohne ISBN.
 Uli Burmeister, IfbN: Konzeption für eine Regionalbahn Ostwestfalen-Lippe. Initiative für besseren Nahverkehr, Bielefeld 1987, ohne ISBN.
 Frenz, Eckehard: Planung alternativ: Stadtbahnlinie 4 in Bielefeld. In: Verkehrszeichen. Jahrgang 3, Heft 1/1987, , S. 20–24
 Frenz, Eckehard: Schienen zwischen Stadt und Land – ein Bericht vom Nahverkehrstag '88. In: Verkehrszeichen. Jahrgang 4, Heft 4/1988, , S. 24–29

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website BahnRadRouten
 Offizielle Website IG Haller Willem

Einzelnachweise

Bürgerinitiative
Verkehr (Bielefeld)
Verkehr (Ostwestfalen-Lippe)
Gegründet 1982
Nahverkehr

Initiative für besseren Nahverkehr


Antonina Skorobogattjenko (  ; født 14. februar 1999 i Volgograd, Rusland) er en kvindelig russisk håndboldspiller som spiller for CSKA Moskva og Ruslands kvindehåndboldlandshold.

Hun var med til at vinde OL-sølv i håndbold for , ved Sommer-OL 2020 i Tokyo, efter finalenederlag mod , med cifrene 25–30.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Håndboldspillere fra Rusland
Håndboldspillere fra CSKA Moskva (kvindehåndbold)
Håndboldspillere ved sommer-OL 2020
Medaljevindere ved sommer-OL 2020
Personer fra Volgograd

Antonina Skorobogattjenko


Sascha Oliver Martin (* 18. September 1970 in Hamburg) ist ein deutscher TV-Moderator, Autor und Medientrainer.

Sascha Oliver Martin wurde als Sohn des Werbemanagers Horst Martin und der Künstlerin Monika Martin geboren. Er hat einen Bruder. Nach der 12. Klasse trat er mit 17 Jahren sein erstes Fernsehpraktikum bei RTL plus an. Ab Oktober 1988 absolvierte er in Hamburg bei dem damals frisch gegründeten Sender OK Radio zuerst ein Praktikum, danach ein Redaktionsvolontariat.

Radio
Während seines Praktikums bei OK Radio moderierte Martin mit Ollie Weiberg seine erste Sendung. Mit Weiberg trat er auch unter dem Pseudonym "Engineer SOM" in den "OK Radio Dancecharts" auf, die Weiberg moderierte. Später moderierte Martin mit Andreas Heineke mehrere Jahre die Call-in-Sendung "Wish you what". Seine optische Ähnlichkeit mit Dieter Bohlen brachte ihm den Spitznamen "(der echte) Dieter" ein.

Ab 1992 war Martin für die Aus- und Fortbildung der Moderatoren zuständig. Am 1. Januar 1993 wurde er offiziell Programming Manager des Senders und damit für Formatentwicklung und Training der Moderatoren zuständig. Ende 1992 verließ Martin den Sender. Bis zu seinem Vertragsbeginn bei RTL Nord Live schrieb und produzierte Sascha Oliver Martin mehrere Euro-Dance- und Schlagertitel. Er gab jedoch bis heute keinen der Titel zur Veröffentlichung frei.

Zum Radio kehrte Martin später zwischenzeitlich – von Oktober 2005 bis März 2007 – zurück, als er den auf den Kanarischen Inseln Teneriffa, La Palma, El Hierro und La Gomera ausstrahlenden Sender Radio CLM als Programmchef leitete.

Fernsehen
Ab dem 1. Juli 1994 arbeitete Martin als News Anchorman bei RTL Nord Live. Als Redakteur verfasste er die Nachrichten und präsentierte sie in der gleichnamigen täglichen Sendung. Parallel erhielt Martin bereits ein Angebot von dem in der Gründung befindlichen Lokalsender Hamburg 1 für eine tägliche Personalitysendung.

Zum 1. Januar 1995 wechselte Martin zu Hamburg 1. Dort bereitete er u. a. mit seinem Produzenten Ollie Weiberg die Sendung "Dieter live" vor, die – in Anlehnung an die in Hamburg noch bekannte Radiosendung – in den ersten Wochen "Dieter – immer noch echt" hieß. Mit dem Start des Senders am 3. Mai 1995 begann auch die täglich rund 100-minütige Sendung mit Musikgästen, Zuschauern, Anrufern und einem von den Zuschauern direkt anwählbaren Faxgerät mit Endlospapier auf dem Schreibtisch. Noch im ersten Jahr begrüßte Martin Gäste wie Blümchen und Tic Tac Toe, später folgten Gäste von Gottlieb Wendehals über Scooter bis Sarah Connor. Martins 1995 geborener Rottweiler Anton wuchs vor den Augen der Zuschauer auf und hatte eigene Fans und sogar eine Autogrammkarte mit Pfotenabdruck. Nach ca. 1500 Live-Personality-Shows und ca. 300 "Best-of-Sendungen" orientierte sich Martin im Jahr 2001 neu und moderierte zeitweise das Frühstücksfernsehen "Hamburg am Morgen", bevor er den Sender verließ. Im Hamburger Abendblatt (28. März 2012) erklärte Hamburg-1-Geschäftsführer Michael Schmidt, von 1995 bis 2000 sei "Dieter live" das erfolgreichste Format des Senders gewesen.

Von 2008 bis 2010 arbeitete Martin als Chefredakteur und Chefmoderator des Regionalsenders Rhein-Main TV in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe. Dort moderierte Martin auch wöchentlich das Nachrichtenmagazin "rheinmain aktuell" sowie verschiedene weitere Formate. Seitdem ist er selbstständiger Medientrainer in Köln und arbeitet weiterhin als freier Moderator für verschiedene Sender. Auch in Hamburg moderierte Martin noch 2012 einzelne Sendungen für Hamburg 1. Seit 2021 moderiert er die Nachrichten bei Wirtschaft TV.

Dozententätigkeit und Seminare
Nachdem Martin bereits 1993 im Rahmen seiner Tätigkeit als Programming Manager Moderatoren ausbildete, gründete er 2001 seine Hamburger Moderatorenschule. Im Rahmen von Coaching und Seminaren bildete er anfangs ausschließlich TV-Moderatoren aus, später auch Branchenfremde, die öffentlich auftraten.

Seit 2007 arbeitet Martin mit mehreren Dunkelrestaurants zusammen und führt gemeinsam mit seinem Seminarpartner Ralf Mechlinski Seminare in den Bereichen Teambuilding, Achtsamkeit und Ernährung Seminare durch.

2008 absolvierte Martin eine Ausbildung zum "Fitness- und Gesundheitstrainer B-Lizenz" bei der Deutschen Trainer Akademie in Köln. Es folgten Fortbildungen und Zusatzlizenzen in Sporternährung, Immunfitness und Ernährungsberatung. Diese Elemente bindet Martin auch in das Coaching von öffentlich auftretenden Personen ein.

Seit dem Wintersemester 2011 ist Martin außerdem als Dozent für die Fächer Rhetorik und Medienpräsenz an der WAM Medienakademie Dortmund beschäftigt. Schwerpunkte sind, für fortgeschrittene Semester der Studiengänge Marketingwissenschaft und Moderation, praktische Rhetorik in Rede und Berufsalltag sowie Eigenmarketing.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Homepage
 Video: Danksagung Regiostar

Einzelnachweise

Person (Medien, Hamburg)
Fernsehmoderator (Deutschland)
Talkmaster
Deutscher
Geboren 1970
Mann

Sascha Oliver Martin


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Drienčany enthält die neun nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützten Objekte in der Gemeinde Drienčany im Okres Rimavská Sobota.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

!
Driencany


Eleonora Giulia Amalia Duse ( , ; 3 October 185821 April 1924), often known simply as Duse, was an Italian actress, rated by many as the greatest of her time. She performed in many countries, notably in the plays of Gabriele d'Annunzio and Henrik Ibsen. Duse achieved a unique power of conviction and verity on the stage through intense absorption in the character, "eliminating the self" as she put it, and letting the qualities emerge from within, not imposed through artifice.

Life and career
Duse was born in Vigevano, Lombardy, Austrian Empire in 1858 to Alessandro Vincenzo Duse (1820–1892) and Angelica Cappelletto (1833–1906). Lombardy would be taken from Austrian control the year after her birth by forces under the Kingdom of Sardinia, and would form part of the new Kingdom of Italy when she was about 3. Venice and some surrounding areas would remain part of the Austrian Empire until she was about 8.

Both her father and her grandfather, Luigi, were actors from Chioggia, near Venice, and she joined the troupe at age four. Due to poverty, she initially worked continually, traveling from city to city with whichever troupe her family was currently engaged. She came to fame in Italian versions of roles made famous by Sarah Bernhardt, such as La Dame aux camélias.

She gained her first major success in Europe, then toured South America, Russia and the United States in 1893; beginning the tours as a virtual unknown but leaving in her wake a general recognition of her genius. While she made her career and fame performing in the theatrical "warhorses" of her day, she is remembered for her association with the plays of Gabriele d'Annunzio and Henrik Ibsen.

In 1879, while in Naples, she met journalist Martino Cafiero, and became involved in a love affair with him. However, less than a year later, while she was in mid-pregnancy, he left her. The baby did not survive birth, and shortly thereafter Cafiero died as well. Duse then joined Cesare Rossi's theater company, and met actor Tebaldo Checchi (pseudonym of Tebaldo Marchetti). The two married in 1881. By 1882, the couple had one daughter, Enrichetta Angelica, but separated after Duse became involved with another actor, Flavio Andò.

By this time, her career was in full swing and her popularity was high in 1885. She travelled on tour to South America, and upon her return a year later she formed her own company, meaning that she would assume the additional responsibilities of both manager and director.

Between 1887 and 1894, she had an affair with the Italian poet Arrigo Boito, perhaps best remembered as Verdi's librettist. Their relationship was carried out in a highly clandestine manner, presumably because of Boito's many aristocratic friends and acquaintances. (Despite this, their voluminous correspondence over the years survives.) In later years the two remained on good terms until his death in 1918.

In 1895 she met Gabriele d'Annunzio (1863–1938), who was five years her junior, and the two became involved romantically as well as collaborating professionally. Gabriele d'Annunzio wrote four plays for her. In contrast to her relations with Boito, her association with d'Annunzio was widely recognized. When d'Annunzio gave the lead for the premiere of the play  to Sarah Bernhardt instead of Duse, there was a furious fight, and Duse ended her affair with him.

In contrast to Bernhardt's outgoing personality, which thrived on publicity, Duse was introverted and private, rarely giving interviews. She found public appearances to be a distraction, and once remarked to a journalist that away from the stage, "I do not exist". Bernhardt and Duse were unspoken rivals for many years. Comparisons of Duse to Bernhardt with regard to their acting talent were common, with warring factions arguing over their relative merits. Those who thought Duse the greater artist included George Bernard Shaw, who saw both actresses in London within the span of a few days, in the same play. Shaw gave his nod to Duse and defended his choice in an adamant oratory quoted by biographer Frances Winwar. Dame Ellen Terry, who knew them both, observed, "How futile it is to make comparisons! Better far to thank heaven for both these women."

In 1896, Duse completed a triumphant tour of the United States; in Washington President Grover Cleveland and his wife attended every performance. Mrs. Cleveland shocked Washington society by giving, in Duse's honor, the first-ever White House tea held for an actress. In 1909, Duse retired from acting.

Personal life
Around the time of Duse's retirement, she met and became involved in an affair with Italian feminist Lina Poletti, a former lover of writer Sibilla Aleramo. The two lived together in Florence, Italy, for two years before ending the relationship. She is reported to have had a relationship with Russian count and painter Alexander Wolkoff and lived in his palace in Venice, now known as Palazzo Barbaro Wolkoff.

Acting philosophy

Duse was cryptic regarding her acting style. She claimed not to have a technique of any sort, and scorned at efforts to put her art into a science. What is known is that she had a highly heterodox, almost religious philosophy of acting, seeking to "eliminate the self" and become the characters she portrayed. It is a common misconception that her acting was purely intuitive and spontaneous, in reality she labored over her craft.

Duse wore little makeup but, "made herself up morally. In other words, she allowed the inner compulsions, grief and joys of her characters to use her body as their medium for expression, often to the detriment of her health."

According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, "her art depended on intense naturalness rather than stage effect, sympathetic force and poignant intellectuality rather than the theatrical emotionalism of the French tradition."

Over the course of her career, Duse became well-known and respected for her assistance to young actors and actresses during the early stages of their careers. Among diverse artistic geniuses who acknowledged being inspired by Duse are modern dance pioneer Martha Graham and Imagist poetry pioneer Amy Lowell. She was great friends with actress Eva Le Gallienne, who wrote her biography.

Later life

Duse suffered from ill health (largely pulmonary) throughout most of her adult life, and the many years of touring had taken their toll. She retired from acting in 1909, but returned to the stage in 1921 in a series of engagements in both Europe and America.

During this interval, in 1916, she made one film, Cenere ("Ashes"), prints of which still survive. She was very disappointed in her work in the film, and later wrote to the French singer Yvette Guilbert with the request not to see "that stupid thing, because you'll find nothing, or almost nothing, of me in that film." There was also a certain amount of professional correspondence between Duse and D. W. Griffith, though ultimately nothing came of this.

On 30 July 1923, Duse became the first woman (and Italian) to be featured on the cover of the nascent magazine Time.

Death
Duse died of pneumonia at the age of 65 in Pittsburgh in Suite 524 of the Hotel Schenley while on the eastward return leg of a tour of the United States. (The Hotel Schenley is now the William Pitt Union at the University of Pittsburgh.) A bronze plaque in the lobby commemorates her death. After being moved to New York City, where she lay in state for four days before her funeral service, her body was returned to Italy (where another service was performed).

She is buried in Asolo – where she had made her home for the last four years of her life – at the cemetery of Sant' Anna. Her daughter Enrichetta donated some of her mother's items to the state in 1933. These items are preserved in Asolo in the Museo Civico. In 1968 her granddaughter Eleonora Ilaria Bullough (aka Mary of St Mark as a Dominican nun) donated the last items to the Giorgio Cini Foundation in Venice.

Duse was the subject of the 1947 biographical film Eleonora Duse.

Gallery

References
Notes

Bibliography

 Marquise Sofia McQuaide de Bonis (1885-?) as "Jeanne Bordeux":  Also ,

 Published in America as

External links

Heroines of the Modern Stage p. 171 by Forrest Izard c.1915

 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eleonora-Duse
 https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Duse,+Eleon%C3%B2ra.html
 https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/eleonora-duse_(Dizionario-Biografico)
 http://www.enciclopediadelledonne.it/biografie/eleonora-duse/

1858 births
1924 deaths
19th-century Italian actresses
20th-century Italian actresses
19th-century Italian LGBT people
20th-century Italian LGBT people
People from Vigevano
Bisexual actresses
Italian stage actresses
Italian bisexual people
Italian LGBT actors
Italian silent film actresses
Deaths from pneumonia in Pennsylvania

Eleonora Duse


Ovo je popis krajnjih geografskih točaka Europske unije: točaka koje se nalaze sjevernije, južnije, istočnije ili zapadnije od bilo koje druge lokacije.

Europska unija
 Sjever: Nuorgam, Finska (70° 5' 30" N)
 Jug: El Pinar del Hierro, Španjolska (27° 42′ 05″ S).
 Zapad: otočić Monchique, Azorski otoci, Portugal (31° 16′ 30″ W)
 Istok: Rizokarpaso, Cipar de jure (34° 36' E) ili rt Greco, Ayia Napa, Cipar de facto (34° 5' E)

S prekomorskim područjima

 Sjever: Nuorgam, Finska
 Jug: Pointe de Langevin, Saint-Joseph, Réunion, Francuska (21° 23′ 20″ J)
 Zapad: Pointe du Canonnier, Saint-Martin, Francuska (63° 08′ W)
 Istok: Pointe des Cascades, Sainte-Rose, Réunion, Francuska (55° 50′ 11″ istočno)

Valja uzeti u obzir da većina prekomorskih teritorija zemalja članica EU nije dio Europske unije, pa stoga ne ulaze u popis.

Kopneni dio Europske unije
Ovaj popis uključuje samo kontinentalnu Europu, tj. kopno država članica EU i isključuje otoke i otočne zemlje poput Cipra, Malte ili Irske.

 Sjever: Nuorgam, Finska
 Jug: Punta de Tarifa, Španjolska (36° 0'15" S)
 Zapad: Cabo da Roca, Portugal (9° 30' W)
 Istok: Virmajärvi, Finska (31° 35′ E)
 Kombinirane krajnje točke: Rezovo, Bugarska (41° 58′ 59" S, 28° 1′ 46" E), krajnja jugoistočna točka Europske unije u kontinentalnoj Europi.

Schengenski prostor

 Sjever: Knivskjellodden, Norveška (71° 11′ 8"S)
 Jug: La Restinga, Kanarski otoci, Španjolska (27° 38′ N)
 Zapad: otočić Monchique, Azorski otoci, Portugal (31° 16′ 30″ W)
 Istok: Virmajärvi, Finska (31° 35′ E)

Visine

 Najviši vrh EU je Mont Blanc u Grajskim Alpama, 4 810,45 metara nadmorske visine.
 Najniža umjetno stvorena točka EU je Tagebau Hambach, 293 m ispod razine mora, Niederzier, Sjeverna Rajna-Vestfalija.
 Najniža prirodna točka EU Étang de Lavalduc u jugoistočnoj Francuskoj, 10 m ispod razine mora.

Izvori

Vidi još
Geografija Europske unije

Europska unija

Krajnje geografske točke Europske unije


Edmund Esbern Johannes Joensen (Oyri, Eysturoy, 19 de septiembre de 1944) es un empresario y político feroés afiliado al Partido Unionista. Fue primer ministro de las Islas Feroe entre 1994 y 1998.

Biografía
Edmund Joensen nació en el pequeño poblado de Oyri, en la isla Eysturoy, en 1944, siendo hijo de Poul y Hansina Joensen (nacida Samuelsen). Su padre era oriundo de Oyri y su madre de Haldarsvík. Desde 1959 entró a trabajar en la empresa naviera O.C. Joensen, donde continuó hasta 1994, llegando a alcanzar el puesto de director. En 1969 contribuyó en la creación de una empresa dedicada a la piscicultura, en la que continuó hasta 1990. Fue también miembro del comité de representantes de la cooperativa Føroya Fiskasøla de 1987 a 1994.

Edmund Joensen está casado con Edfríð Joensen (nacida Johannesen), y vive en Oyrarbakki.

Carrera política
Comenzó su carrera política como concejal del municipio de Sundini entre 1970 y 1980. Fue elegido miembro del Løgting por primera vez en 1988 como representante de Eysturoy por el Partido Unionista, y desde entonces ha sido reelegido. Fue el líder parlamentario de su partido de 1990 a 1994, y presidente del mismo durante 11 años, entre 1990 y 2001. En las elecciones parlamentarias de 1994, el Partido Unionista recibió un fuerte apoyo y Joensen inició su primer mandato como primer ministro, a la cabeza de una coalición con el Partido de la Igualdad, el Partido del Autogobierno y el Verkamannafylkingin. En un principio se buscaba una alianza con el Partido Popular y los partidos de centro, pero las negociaciones se vinieron abajo al discutirse el posible ingreso de las Islas Feroe a la Unión Europea.

Siendo primer ministro de las Islas Feroe, Joensen fue también miembro del Folketing (parlamento danés), donde era representado por su suplente. Joenssen fue la cabeza de un gobierno que tuvo que tomar enérgicas medidas económicas para enfrentar la crisis financiera feroesa de 1989-1995. El déficit presupuestario de 1994 fue estimado en 250 millones de coronas, y el gobierno decidió que no debería superar los 300 millones para 1995. Aunque Joensen quiso aliviar la carga fiscal para mejorar la economía de la gente, consideró que no era posible. La colaboración con el Partido de la Igualdad terminó en junio de 1996, cuando el Partido Popular sustituyó a los socialdemócratas en la coalición del segundo gobierno de Joensen.

En 1998 perdió su escaño en el Folketing, y poco tiempo después convocó repentinamente a elecciones parlamentarias, algo que levantó gran atención y confusión en las Feroe. En las elecciones de 1998, el Partido Unionista y sus aliados sufrieron un revés, y Joensen dejó el cargo de primer ministro, regresando de esta manera al Løgting como líder parlamentario de su partido.

De 2002 a 2008 Joensen fue presidente del Løgting. En 2007 fue de nuevo miembro del Folketing, donde se alió al partido Venstre, asegurando la mayoría para el primer ministro Anders Fogh Rasmussen. No obstante, Joensen declaró que se abstendría de votar en asuntos de política interna de Dinamarca.

Reconocimientos
Fue nombrado caballero de la Orden de Dannebrog en 1995, y caballero de primera clase en 1997. El 20 de junio de 2005 fue nombrado comandante de la misma orden.

Referencias

Primeros ministros de las Islas Feroe

Edmund Joensen


Ouarzazate (; , ; ; ), nicknamed the door of the desert, is a city and capital of Ouarzazate Province in the region of Drâa-Tafilalet, south-central Morocco. Ouarzazate is at an elevation of  in the middle of a bare plateau south of the High Atlas Mountains, with a desert to the city's south.

Berber-speakers make up the majority of the town's inhabitants, who were responsible for the creation of many of the prominent kasbahs (locally referred to as: iɣeṛman). Ouarzazate is a primary tourist destination in Morocco during the holidays, as well as a starting point for excursions into and across the Draa Valley and the desert. Aït Benhaddou (a fortified village) west of the city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Ouarzazate area is a noted film-making location, with Morocco's biggest studios inviting many international companies to work here. Films such as Lawrence of Arabia (1962), The Man Who Would Be King (1975), The Living Daylights (1987), The Last Temptation of Christ (1988), The Mummy (1999), Gladiator (2000), Kingdom of Heaven (2005), Kundun (1997), Legionnaire (1998), Hanna (2011), The Hills Have Eyes (2006), and Salmon Fishing in the Yemen (2011) were shot here, as was part of the TV series Game of Thrones.

The nearby Ouarzazate solar power station, co-funded by the Arab League, was connected to the Moroccan power grid in February 2016.

Etymology
Its name comes from a Berber phrase meaning "without noise" or "without confusion".

History
For a long time, Ouarzazate was a small crossing point for African traders on their way to northern Morocco and Europe. In the 16th century, Sheikh Abu al-'Abaas Ahmed bin Abdellah al-Wizkiti al-Warzazi, emir of the qasba of Ouarzazate and father of Lalla Masuda, helped establish Saadi control over the Sous-Dra'a region.

During the French period, Ouarzazate expanded considerably as a garrison town, administrative centre and customs post. It is home to the Kasbah Taourirt, which was the kasbah of the former caïd and later owned by T'hami El Glaoui. The Krupp field gun which secured Glaoui power is displayed outside the kasbah today.

The area is also known for its Ouazguita carpets with geometric designs of red-orange on black background.

Climate
Ouarzazate has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). The city is hot and dry in summer, but can be very cold in winter, with icy winds coming from the High Atlas Mountains.

Film studios

Atlas Studios is one of the largest movie studios in the world,  in terms of land area. Movies were shot here including The Living Daylights, Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cleopatra, Lawrence of Arabia, The Man Who Would Be King, The Mummy, Kingdom of Heaven, Gladiator, and Babel. It was also the location of an episode of the television series The Amazing Race 10 and Game of Thrones (Season 3). Prison Break Season 5 was filmed here.

Another large studio in Ouarzazate is CLA Studios.

Sights nearby
The kasbah-town of Aït Benhaddou is nearby. Many excursions through the valley of the Draa River into the Sahara start from the city. These include trips to Zagora, an oasis town surrounded by palm tree plantations and a departure point for camel trains to Timbuktu, a journey that would take about 52 days. These days the border to Algeria is closed, stopping the Timbuktu route.

The city was part of the route of the 2006 and 2007 Dakar Rally.

Many sights can be visited within the city, but also, a wide list of interesting attractions can be found around Ouarzazate.

Sights around Ouarzazate

 Megdaz
 Bou Tharar
 Tifoultoute Kasbah
 Fint Oasis
 Jbel Adad Petroglyphs
 Iguernan Nature Reserve
 Ksar Ait Benhaddou
 Ounila Valley
 Skoura Oasis
 Stork's Kasbah
 CLA Studios
 Atlas Film Studios
 The Abandoned "Hills Have Eyes" movie set
 Tizgui Waterfall
 Al Mansour Dahbi Dam
 Gazelle Animal Natural Reserve of Bouljir
 Cinema Museum (Musée du Cinema)

Mapping
Detailed maps are hard to obtain in Morocco. The French IGN mapping at a 1:100,000 scale has been reproduced by the Moroccan Division de la carte. These maps are often out of date and obtained with special permission in Rabat. Soviet mapping on a 1:200,000 scale is available on the Internet, but these are generally outdated and show the names of places in Cyrillic letters.

A new series of maps are available, including the

Notable people

Ayoub El Amloud, professional footballer
Romain Saiss, professional footballer

Gallery

See also
 Tizi n'Tichka – mountain pass that connects Ouarzazate and Marrakesh
 List of movies shot in Morocco
 Ouarzazate Airport
 Ouarzazate solar power station

Notes

References

External links

 Definitely Ouarzazate (facilities for filmmakers)
 Ouarzazate Film Commission
 Cinema Museum of Ouarzazate
 Movies shot in Ouarzazate at IMDb

Populated places in Ouarzazate Province
Ouarzazate

Ouarzazate


La Primera División de las Islas Cook es la máxima categoría de fútbol de Islas Cook. Se fundó en 1950, siendo una de las ligas de fútbol más antiguas de Oceanía y su organización está a cargo de la Asociación de Fútbol de Islas Cook.

El campeón clasifica a la fase preliminar de la Liga de Campeones de la OFC.

Historia
La primera temporada de la Primera División fue en 1950 y su primer campeón fue el Titikaveka FC.

Equipos participantes

Temporada 2023

Palmarés

Títulos por club

Segunda división
1985: Titikaveka FC
1986: Titikaveka FC
1987–96: Desconocido
1997: Air Raro FC
1998–99: Titikaveka FC
2000: Takuvaine FC
2001–03: Desconocido
2004: Takuvaine FC
2005: Takuvaine FC
2006: Takuvaine FC

Títulos por club

Clasificación histórica
Tabla histórica de la Primera División de las Islas Cook desde 2009 con resultados conocidos hasta la terminada temporada 2022.

Véase también
 Copa Islas Cook
 Selección de fútbol de las Islas Cook

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Lista de campeones
 Soccerway

Primera División de las Islas Cook


Macarisia es un género de árboles tropicales con dos especies pertenecientes a la familia Rhizophoraceae.

Taxonomía
Macarisia fue descrito por Louis Marie Aubert Du Petit-Thouars y publicado en Histoire des Végétaux Recueillis dans les Isles Australes d'Afrique 49, en el año 1806. La especie tipo es: Macarisia pyramidata Thouars.

Especies
A continuación se brinda un listado de las especies del género Macarisia aceptadas hasta febrero de 2012, ordenadas alfabéticamente. Para cada una se indica el nombre binomial seguido del autor, abreviado según las convenciones y usos:
Macarisia lanceolata Baill.
Macarisia pyramidata Thouars

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Rhizophoraceae

Macarisia


L'Open de Grande-Bretagne 2022 est un tournoi de snooker classé comptant pour la saison 2022-2023.

L'épreuve se tient du  au  à la Marshall Arena de Milton Keynes, en Angleterre. Elle est organisée par la WPBSA.

Déroulement

Contexte avant le tournoi
Le tournoi a fait son retour au calendrier en 2021 après dix-sept années d'absence. Le tenant du titre est Mark Williams, il s'était imposé l'an passé contre Gary Wilson 6-4 en finale.

Le tirage au sort est maintenu, il est effectué entre chaque tours, de sorte que les têtes de série peuvent s'affronter dès leurs premiers matchs. Le format de jeu a été rallongé par rapport à l'édition précédente, avec des premiers tours disputés au meilleur des sept manches et une finale disputée au meilleur des dix-neuf manches.

Faits marquants
Lors des  de finales, Mark Selby réalise son quatrième break maximum en carrière, réussissant notamment un empochage avec une double bande en poche centrale.

Ryan Day remporte son quatrième tournoi classé en carrière en dominant Mark Allen en finale, sur le score de 10 manches à 7. Le Gallois n'était pourtant pas donné favori, mais il est resté au contact d'Allen durant toute la partie (il n'y a jamais eu plus d'une manche d'écart jusqu'à 6-7), puis il a gagné les quatre dernières manches. Il qualifie cette victoire comme étant la plus belle de sa carrière et empoche son meilleur gain avec .

Mark Allen, dont la transformation physique était très visible après qu'il a perdu plus de 25 kilos cet été, a tout de même réalisé une semaine impressionnante en éliminant notamment Judd Trump et Mark Selby. Il a déjà les yeux rivés sur l'Open d'Irlande du Nord pour y défendre son titre national.

Dotation
La répartition des prix est la suivante :
 Vainqueur :
 Finaliste :
 Demi-finalistes :
 Quart de finalistes :
  de finalistes :
  de finalistes :
  de finalistes :
 Meilleur break :
Dotation totale :

Qualifications
Ces matchs ont lieu du 9 au 14 août 2022 au Robin Park Arena and Sports Centre de Wigan, en Angleterre, hormis les matchs des seize têtes de série qui se déroulent à la Marshall Arena de Milton Keynes le 26 septembre 2022. Ils sont tous disputés au meilleur des sept manches.

Tableau principal

de finale
Les matchs sont disputés au meilleur des sept manches.

  Jamie Jones 4–1  Elliot Slessor
  Zhao Xintong 4–1  Stuart Bingham
  Ding Junhui 4–1  Joe Perry
  Zhang Jiankang 3–4  Jak Jones
  David Gilbert 3–4  Lyu Haotian
  Mark Selby 4–1  Mark Joyce
  Jordan Brown 4–1  Ng On-yee
  Craig Steadman 4–3  Ben Mertens
  Jack Lisowski 4–2  Mitchell Mann
  John Higgins 3–4  Yuan Sijun
  Graeme Dott 4–1  Anthony McGill
  David Grace 2–4  Xu Si
  Dean Young 0–4  Judd Trump
  Li Hang 1–4  Mark Allen
  Andy Lee 0–4  Yan Bingtao
  Gerard Greene 1–4  Ryan Day

  Lu Ning 4–1  Zhou Yuelong
  Ben Woollaston 4–1  Mark Williams
  Tian Pengfei 1–4  Jimmy Robertson
  Robbie Williams 4–1  Lukas Kleckers
  Anthony Hamilton 4–1  Jamie Clarke
  Kyren Wilson 1–4  Barry Hawkins
  Noppon Saengkham 4–0  Fraser Patrick
  Chen Zifan 3–4  Ross Muir
  John Astley w/d–w/o  Chang Bingyu
  Thepchaiya Un-Nooh 2–4  Matthew Stevens
  Xiao Guodong 4–1  Peter Lines
  Alexander Ursenbacher 1–4  Joe O'Connor
  Dylan Emery 2–4  Cao Yupeng
  Gary Wilson 4–0  Zhang Anda
  Zhao Jianbo 4–1  Ian Burns
  Steven Hallworth 4–0  Hammad Miah

de finale
Les matchs sont disputés au meilleur des sept manches.

  Ding Junhui 2–4  Robbie Williams
  Zhao Jianbo 1–4  Yuan Sijun
  Ben Woollaston 4–1  Jak Jones
  Barry Hawkins 3–4  Steven Hallworth
  Yan Bingtao 3–4  Jordan Brown
  Anthony Hamilton 4–3  Joe O'Connor
  Gary Wilson 2–4  Mark Allen
  Xu Si 0–4  Judd Trump

  Jamie Jones 4–1  Chang Bingyu
  Graeme Dott 4–3  Xiao Guodong
  Craig Steadman 2–4  Matthew Stevens
  Mark Selby 4–2  Cao Yupeng
  Ross Muir 0–4  Lyu Haotian
  Lu Ning 1–4  Jack Lisowski
  Jimmy Robertson 1–4  Ryan Day
  Zhao Xintong 1–4  Noppon Saengkham

de finale
Les matchs sont disputés au meilleur des sept manches.
  Mark Selby 4–1  Jack Lisowski
  Anthony Hamilton 3–4  Yuan Sijun
  Jamie Jones 4–2  Ben Woollaston
  Robbie Williams 4–3  Steven Hallworth
  Mark Allen 4–3  Judd Trump
  Graeme Dott 2–4  Ryan Day
  Noppon Saengkham 4–0  Jordan Brown
  Lyu Haotian 4–1  Matthew Stevens

Quarts de finale
Les matchs sont disputés au meilleur des neuf manches.
  Mark Selby 3–5  Mark Allen
  Noppon Saengkham 5–3  Jamie Jones
  Ryan Day 5–4  Yuan Sijun
  Robbie Williams 5–1  Lyu Haotian

Demi-finales
Les matchs sont disputés au meilleur des onze manches.
  Mark Allen 6–1  Noppon Saengkham
  Ryan Day 6–5  Robbie Williams

Finale

Centuries

Tableau principal

 147, 123, 117, 110, 109, 103  Mark Selby
 143, 133, 133, 126, 126, 105, 105, 100  Mark Allen
 143, 110  Andy Hicks
 143  David Grace
 141, 131  Lyu Haotian
 139, 110  Graeme Dott
 139, 130, 109, 100  Judd Trump
 139, 125, 125  Jamie Jones
 138, 135, 126, 102  Anthony Hamilton
 137  Gary Wilson
 134, 120, 102  Barry Hawkins
 134, 112  Jordan Brown
 134  Robbie Williams
 132, 132  John Higgins
 132, 119, 111  Jack Lisowski
 128, 112, 101  Zhao Xintong
 124, 103  Ryan Day
 119  Xiao Guodong
 117, 101  Yan Bingtao
 117  Ben Mertens
 116, 113, 102  Noppon Saengkham
 113  Yuan Sijun
 112  Shaun Murphy
 108  Steven Hallworth
 104  Matthew Stevens
 103  David Gilbert
 101  Craig Steadman

Qualifications

 130, 107  Li Hang
 130  Steven Hallworth
 130  Ben Woollaston
 129  Ian Burns
 128  Ding Junhui
 128  Ross Muir
 127  Joe O'Connor
 122  Matthew Selt
 121  John Astley
 111, 110  Lukas Kleckers
 109, 104  Noppon Saengkham
 109, 103  Julien Leclercq
 105  Zhao Jianbo
 103  Elliot Slessor
 102  Pang Junxu
 101  Ashley Hugill
 100  Chang Bingyu
 100  David Gilbert
 100  Anthony Hamilton
 100  Louis Heathcote
 100  Andrew Pagett

Références

Voir aussi
 Open de Grande-Bretagne 2021
 Open de Grande-Bretagne

Articles connexes
 Snooker
 Glossaire du billard
 Classement mondial de snooker

Snooker en 2022

Open de Grande-Bretagne de snooker 2022


Das perfekte Model (alemán, el modelo perfecto) es un reality show de televisión de la cadena alemana VOX con los dos supermodelos Eva Padberg y Karolína Kurková. Hay un concurso entre los concursantes y los miembros del jurado para encontrar el modelo perfecto. Solo los 20 mejores modelos consiguen la fasa del Coaching, 10 por el equipo de Eva Padberg y 10 por el equipo de Karolína Kurková. Los candidatos encuentran famosos del mundo de moda. Cada semana un o dos modelos de ambos equipos salen el concurso. Después del fase del Coaching sigue el fase del Busisness. En ese fase encuentran los modelos de ambos equipos de nuevo y luchan por trabajo de modelo durante la Fashion Week Berlín.

Jurado

Candidatos
Equipo Eva Padberg

Equipo Karolína Kurková

El Casting
Semana 1+2

El Coaching
Semana 3

Semana 4

Semana 5

El Business
Semana 6

Trabajos de Modelo

Semana 7

Trabajos de Modelo

El Final
Semana 7

Los criterios de evaluación
Las candidatas evaluadan por medio de 10 criterios ("Perfect 10"). Los modelos que clasifican reciben una pulsera con símbolos de los criterios que han aprobado.
Los criterios son:

 aspecto
 cuerpo / medidas
 variabilidad
 nivel de reconocimiento
 charm / carisma
 fuerza de voluntad
 estilo de andar
 posing
 condición física
 profesionalidad

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Sitio web oficial en VOX.de
 Videos oficiales en VOXnow.de
 Artículo de periódico en Frankfurter Rundschau

Reality shows
Series Top Model
Televisión de Alemania

Das perfekte Model


Sátão  belediyesi, Portekiz'in Centro bölgesine bağlı Dão-Lafões altbölgesinin belediyelerinden biridir.

Bucaklar
Belediyede 12 bucak (Por.: freguesia) yer almaktadır.

 Águas Boas
 Avelal
 Decermilo
 Ferreira de Aves
 Forles
 Mioma
 Rio de Moinhos
 Romãs
 São Miguel de Vila Boa
 Sátão
 Silvã de Cima
 Vila Longa

Dış bağlantılar
 Fotografias do Sátão

Dão-Lafões
Portekiz'in belediyeleri

Sátão


An Guadua paraguayana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Johann es Christoph Christian Döll. An Guadua paraguayana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Guadua, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Guadua

Guadua paraguayana


Le Renvoi relatif à Upper Churchill Water Rights Reversion Act  est un avis rendu par la Cour suprême du Canada en 1984 concernant une loi terre-neuvienne qui vise à annuler un contrat de vente d'énergie hydroélectrique à bas prix conclu avec la société d'État québécoise Hydro-Québec.

Les faits
En vertu d'une loi de la province de Terre-Neuve, la Churchill Falls (Labrador) Corporation (CFLCo) a développé des générateurs hydroélectriques à Churchill Falls, au Labrador. En 1969, l'entreprise, contrôlée par la British Newfoundland Development Corporation (BRINCO) a conclu une entente avec Hydro-Québec, un service public appartenant au gouvernement du Québec, pour vendre une grande majorité de l'électricité produite par les chutes Churchill à un faible prix fixe taux pour les 65 prochaines années.

Après avoir racheté les actions de BRINCO en 1974, le gouvernement de Terre-Neuve a commencé à explorer des moyens d'obtenir une plus grande partie de l'électricité produite à partir des chutes. En 1980, la législature a adopté l'Upper Churchill Water Rights Reversion Act, qui a restauré la propriété des chutes au gouvernement provincial, a abrogé la loi qui accordait le terrain à la CF(L)Co, a exproprié les actifs de l'entreprise, y compris la participation d'Hydro-Québec dans la coentreprise.

La province a soumis un renvoi à la Cour d'appel de Terre-Neuve, qui a déterminé que la loi est intra vires ou dans les pouvoirs de la province.

Avis de la Cour suprême
La Cour a déclaré que la Loi est ultra vires des compétences législatives la province et l'a donc invalidée. En effectuant une analyse du caractère véritable de la législation en examinant l'objet et l'effet de la Loi, la Cour a conclu que la Loi constituait de la législation déguisée. C'est-à-dire que la forme de la Loi semble traiter d'une question valable mais, en substance, traite en réalité d'une question qui ne relève pas de sa compétence. Le caractère véritable de la Loi, sa caractéristique ou son objet dominant, était d'entraver le droit d'Hydro-Québec conféré par l'entente avec Churchill Falls Corp de recevoir de l'électricité de l'autre côté de la frontière provinciale.

Notes et références

Lien externe
Texte intégral du renvoi

Bibliographie
Smith, Philip (1975), Brinco: The story of Churchill Falls, Toronto: McClelland and Stewart,

Arrêt de la Cour suprême du Canada
Histoire d'Hydro-Québec
Droit constitutionnel au Canada


Buckinghamshire
 (/ ˈbʌkɪŋəmʃər, -ʃɪər /) (kratica Bucks) tradicionalna je nemetropolitanska, ceremonijalna i matična grofovija koja je uređena kao unitarna uprava i nalazi se u sjevernom dijelu Jugoistočne Engleske.
Grofovija graniči s Velikim Londonom na jugoistoku, Berkshirom na jugu, Oxfordshirom na zapadu, Northamptonshirom na sjeveru, Bedfordshirom na sjeveroistoku i Hertfordshirom na istoku.
Gradovi kao što su High Wycombe, Amersham i Chesham na istoku i jugoistoku grofovije dijelovi su londonskog prigradskog pojasa, čineći ih nekim od najgušće naseljenih dijelova grofovije.
Administrativni centar je Aylesbury, i udaljen oko 60 kilometara sjeverozapadno od Londona.

Etimologija toponima

Ime Buckinghamshire podrijetlom je anglosaksonsko i znači Buccov dom (Bucca's home). Buccov dom odnosi se na Buckingham (grad na sjeveru grofovije) + scire (okrug), a ime je dobio po anglosaksonskom zemljoposjedniku. Grofovija nosi taj naziv otprilike od 12. stoljeća; međutim, ona postoji još od vremena poddiobe kraljevstva Mercie (585. – 919.) godine.

Grb Buckinghamshira

Na grbu Buckinghamshira prikazan je bijeli labud s vojvodskim koronetom oko vrata koji je privezan teškim zlatnim lancem. Ovaj je labud bio oznaka drevne obitelji De Bohn i Giffards koji su bili grofovi od Buckinghama, a zatim obitelji Staford koji su bili prve vojvode od Buckinghama. Ove dvije posljednje obitelji posjedovale su važan dvorac u Buckinghamu.
Iznad labuda nalazi se zlatna vrpca s križem Whiteleafa (Whiteleaf Cross) u sredini, dok je na grebenu prikazano drvo bukve. Bukove šume Chiltern Hillsa možda su najpoznatija značajka grofovije jer po njima je grofovija i poznata. Kruna koja okružuje deblo stabla izrazito je saska kruna i aludira na činjenicu da su Sasi bili prvi doseljenici u većem dijelu grofovije.
Jelen (the buck) s lijeve strane štita nagovještava aluziju na ime grofovije, ali životinja nema veze s imenom Buckingham jer je isto izvedeno od imena saksonske obitelji. Na desnoj strani je slobodni divlji labud, kakav se može vidjeti na Temzi; oslobođen je stega zlatnog vijenca i lanca.

Povijest

Prapovijest

Neka naselja u Buckinghamshireu potječu iz perioda prije dolska anglosaksonaca. Na primjer, Aylesbury postoji od najmanje 1500. pr. n. e. Neka mjesta još uvijek nose svoja imena iz britskog jezika (Penn, Wendover) ili imaju ime izvedeno iz mješavine britskog i anglosaksonskog jezika (Brill, Chetwode, Great Brickhill).

Rimski period

Rimski utjecaj u Buckinghamshiru najočitiji je na rimskim cestama koje su prolazile preko grofovije. Krečući od istoka prema zapadu kroz Buckinghamshire, Watling Street i Akeman Street bili su važni trgovački putovi koji su povezivali London s ostalim dijelovima rimskog carstva u Britaniji.  Icknield Way drevna je staza koja vodi od istočne engleske grofovije Norfolk do zapadne grofovije Wiltshire, a koristili su je Rimljani kao liniju obrane i slijedi litice krede koje uključuju brežuljke Berkshira (Berkshire Downs) i brda Chilterna (Chiltern Hills).

Anglo-Saski period

Doseljenici germanskih plemena Angla i Sasa vjerojatno su imali najveći utjecaj na Buckinghamshire. Oni nisu samo dali ime grofoviji i mnogim gradovima u njoj, nego je i moderna geografija grofovije slična onoj iz anglosaskog perioda. Jedna od velikih bitaka spomenuta u anglosaskoj kronici vodila se između Cerdica od Wessexa i Brita u Chearsleyu. U kasnoj fazi anglosaskog razdoblja u Brillu je izgrađena kraljevska palača. Veliki prosperitet grofovije spomenut je i u Knjizi Sudnjeg dana; knjizi imovinskog popisa iz 1086. godine.

Normanski period

Vilim I. Osvajač koji je bio prvi kralj Engleske iz normanske dinastije i koja je vlada Engleskom od (1066. – 1154.), pripojio je većinu vlastelinstava sebi i svojoj obitelji. Vilimov polubrat, biskup Odo iz Bayeuxa, kojemu je Vilim I. dao titulu grofa, postao je najveći zemljoposjednik, tako da je u razdoblju 1067. – 1076. stekao posjede po cijeloj Engleskoj, uključujući velike dijelove zemlje koja se nalazila u grofoviji Buckinghamshire, a u tome su periodu mnoga stara lovišta postala kraljevo vlasništvo.
Radi spora vodećih feudalaca od kojih se izdvajaju grof Odo, polubrat kralja Vilima Osvajača na jednoj i Lanfranca (1005./1010.) - 24. svibnja 1089.), nadbiskupa od Canterburyja, 1076. godine došlo do suđenja u Penendenu Heathu nakon kojega su stvarnim zemljoposjednicima potvrđena prednormanska prava i privilegije.
Jedna od starih tradicija Buckinghamshira je uzgajanje labudova za kraljeve, o čemu svjedoči i grb grofovije.

Period Henrika VIII.

Dinastija Anjou-Plantagenet koja je vladala Engleskom od 1154. do 1485. također je izdašno koristila bogatstvo zemlje.
Dolaskom dinastije Tudor koja je Engleskom vladala od 1485. do 1603. daljnji događaji su išli u korist krune a posebno u vrijeme raspuštanja samostana (Dissolution of the Monasteries), što je bio je skup administrativnih i pravnih procesa uvedenih između 1536. i 1541. godine kojima je Henrik VIII. rasformirao sve samostane i opatije u Engleskoj, Walesu i Irskoj, uzrokom čega je bila eksproprijacija crkvenih prihoda te raspolaganje njihovom imovinom, pa je gotovo trećina grofovije postala osobno vlasništvo kralja Henrika VIII. Također je Henrik VIII. dodijelio status glavnog grada Buckinghamshira Aylesburyju umjesto dotadašnjeg Buckinghama jer je navodno Ana Boleyn posjedovala imanje u istom gradu. Kaže se da je kralj Henrik VIII. učinio Aylesbury glavnim gradom grofovije radije nego Buckingham, jer je tamo bio redoviti posjetitelj udvarajući se Ani.

Moderno doba

Engleski građanski rat

U engleskom građanskom ratu (1642. – 1649.) Buckinghamshire je uglavnom bio u rukama Parlamentarista. Njihov heroj John Hampden, (oko lipnja 1595. – 24. lipnja 1643.) koji je bio engleski zemljoposjednik i političar čije se protivljenje proizvoljnim porezima koje je nametnuo Karlo I. učinilo nacionalnim herojem, bio je iz Buckinghamshirea i pomogao je obraniti Aylesbury u bitci koja se odigrala 1. studenoga 1642. godine, kada su se rojalističke snage pod zapovjedništvom princa Ruperta (17. prosinca 1619. – 29. studenoga 1682.) borile protiv parlamentarističkog garnizona Aylesburyja na Holmanovom mostu nekoliko kilometara sjeverno od Aylesburyja.
Neka mjesta na zapadu grofovije (npr. Brill i Boarstall) bila su u stalnom sukobu zbog jednake udaljenosti od parlamentarističkog Aylesburyja i rojalističkog Oxforda. Mnoga od tih mjesta u sukobu su učinkovito izbrisana s karte, ali su kasnije obnovljena. Na sjeveru grofovije Stony Stratford bio je rojalistički, a Newport Pagnell parlamentaristički: linija "razdvajanja" između strana odjekivala je kroz Danegeld 700 godina ranije.

Industrijska revolucija

Industrijska revolucija i izgradnja željezničke pruge potpuno su promijenili krajolik u pojedinim dijelovima grofovije. Wolverton koji je na sjeveru grofovije a danas je dio grada Milton Keynesa, postao je nacionalno središte za izgradnju vagona, dok se proizvodnja namještaja i proizvodnja papira smjestila na jugu. U središtu grofovije razvilo se čipkarstvo koje je brzo raslo jer je nudilo posao ženama i djeci siromašnih obitelji. Buckingham još uvijek ima dobre željezničke veze s Londonom, Birminghamom i Manchesterom, a izrada namještaja i dalje je jedna od glavnih grana privrede na jugu grofovije.

Viktorijanski period

U ranom viktorijanskom dobu, u periodu od 1832. do 1866. godine, došlo je do izbijanja četiri epidemije kolere, čije žarište je bilo u prenapućenom Londonu koji je uslijed nekontroliranog useljavanja, čak i za to vrijeme, imao krajnje necivilizirane higijenske i sanitarne uvjete. Pored toga poljoprivreda je patila od ozbiljnih propadanja usjeva što je uzrokovalo masovnu glad. To je natjeralo mnoge stanovnike da napuste Buckinghamshire i nastane se u okolnim gradovima, pa su pojedini zemljoposjednici iskoristili priliku da dođu do jeftinijeg zemljišta koje je ostalo u ponudi.
U to vrijeme u Buckinghamshire dolazi obitelj Rothschild, jedna od najutjecajnijih obitelji u zemlji, gdje je stekla ogrmne posjede a među najznačajnijim se mogu izdvojiti:

Ascott House – u blizini sela Ascott,
Aston Clinton House – u povijesnom mjestu Aston Clinton,
Eythrope – seosko imanje u župi Waddesdon,
Halton House – ladanjska kuća na brdima Chiltern iznad sela Halton,
Mentmore Towers – ladanjska vila u selu Mentmore,
Waddesdon Manor u selu Waddesdon koja je u vlasništvu National Trust-a, a njom upravlja Rothschild Foundation.

20. stoljeće

U 20. stoljeću sjever i jug grofovije doživjeli su urbanizaciju kao prirodni slijed događaja nakon industrijalizacije grofovije, a to je rezultiralo razvojem gradova kao što su Milton Keynes i Slough.
Oba grada su, zajedno s okolnim područjima, od 1997. postala unitarne uprave i administrativno se razlikuju od područja koje kontrolira Vijeće Buckinghamshira (Buckinghamshire Council). Milton Keynes je ostao u granicama ceremonijalne grofije Buckinghamshire, dok je Slough 1974. premješten u susjednu grofoviju Berkshire.
Danas Buckinghamshire mnogi smatraju idiličnim ruralnim krajolikom edvardijanske fantastike, a kolokvijalno je nazivanju Lisnati Bucks. Ovakvu točku gledišta zaslužuje veći dio područja koje je klasificirano kao Zeleni pojas, što je dovelo do toga da su mnogi dijelovi grofovije vrlo popularni među posjetiocima iz Londonu, što je zauzvrat dovelo do povećanja općih troškova života za lokalno stanovništvo.

Istaknuti ljudi

Buckinghamshire je rodno mjesto i / ili posljednje počivalište nekoliko značajnih pojedinaca. Sveta Osgyth
 rođena je u Quarrendonu, a pokopana je u Aylesburyju 700. godine, dok je otprilike u isto vrijeme sv. Rumwold bio pokopan u Buckinghamu. U srednjovjekovnom razdoblju kroničar iz 13. stoljeća, Roger od Wendovera bio je, kao što i samo ime govori, iz Wendovera.
Tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata određeni broj europskih političara i državnika prognan je u Englesku. Mnogi od njih nastanili su se u Bucksu radi blizine Londona. Predsjednik Čehoslovačke Edvard Beneš koji je vodio čehoslovačku Vladu u egzilu, živio je u Aston Abbottsu s obitelji, dok su neki od njegovih dužnosnika bili smješteni u obližnjim selima Addingtonu i Wingraveu. U međuvremenu je vojskovođa Władysław Sikorski kao premijer Poljske Vlade u egzilu, živio u Iveru, a albanski kralj Ahmed I. Zogu u Friethu. Mnogo ranije, francuski kralj Luj XVIII. živio je u emigraciji u kući Hartwell od 1809. do 1814. godine.

Galerija

Izvori

Engleske grofovije

Buckinghamshire (grofovija)


Afturelding er þáttaröð fra 2023 eftir Hafsteinn Gunnar Sigurðsson og Halldór Laxness Halldórsson. Í þáttunum leikur Ingvar E. Sigurðsson útbrunna handboltastjörnu frá níunda áratugnum sem tekur við þjálfun kvennaliðs Aftureldingar eftir að hafa verið í óreglu í mörg ár. Í öðrum aðalhlutverkum eru Svandís Dóra Einarsdóttir og Saga Garðarsdóttir.

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 Jóhann Sigurðarson sem Rúrik, meðstjórnandi Aftureldingar
 Halldóra Geirharðsdóttir sem María, formaður Handknattleikssambands Íslands
 Nína Dögg Filippusdóttir sem Stella, meðstjórnandi Aftureldingar
 María Thelma Smáradóttir sem leikmaður Aftureldingar
 Vala Kristín Eiríksdóttir sem dóttir Skarphéðins
 Vilhelm Neto sem Jesper
 Jörundur Ragnarsson sem Hannes

Tilvísanir

Tenglar

Íslenskir sjónvarpsþættir

Afturelding (sjónvarpsþættir)


كاموف كا-60  (بالإنجليزية: Kamov Ka-60 ) هي مروحية عسكرية روسية وتعرف أيضا بالأسماء أوركا أو كاساتكا، وصنعت أول طائرة منها في 24 ديسمبر 1998.

التصميم والتطوير

صنع من تلك المروحية نحو 200 مروحية تستعمل في روسيا في الأغراض العسكرية والبوليس ووزارة الداخلية. وقد صممت كاموف كا-60 لكي تخلف المروحية ميل-مي-8 0 ، بغرض الاستخدام في الاستطلاع ونقل الجنود والتشويش الإلكتروني وللقيام بعمليات خاصة بالنسبة للنقل الخفيف. وقد صنع من ذلك الطراز عدة مروحيات معدلة للبيع خارج روسيا، ويقوم مصنع أولان-أودا بتصنيع المروحية.

مواصفات طائرة
 الطاقم : أثنان
 الطول: 60و15 متر
 الاتساع: 50و13 متر الارتفاع: 20و4 متر
 الحمولة: 16 من الجنود وعتادهم .

معرض الصور

مراجع

طائرات كاموف
طائرات نقل عسكرية سوفيتية وروسية 1990–1999
مروحيات بدوار خلفي مدمج مع الذيل
مروحيات ثنائية التوربينات
مروحيات عسكرية

كاموف كا-60


Les élections cantonales genevoises de 2018 ont eu lieu le 15 avril et le 6 mai 2018 afin de renouveler pour cinq ans les membres du Grand Conseil  et du Conseil d'État du canton suisse de Genève.

Mode de scrutin

Parlement cantonal
Le Grand Conseil exerce le pouvoir législatif. Il est composé de 100 députés élus directement au suffrage universel par le corps électoral au scrutin proportionnel ; la loi prévoit depuis 1912 un seuil électoral (appelé quorum) fixé à 7 %. Le mandat des députés dure 5 ans depuis l'instauration de la nouvelle Constitution du canton en 2013. Il était auparavant de 4 ans (3 ans jusqu'en 1957). Il est renouvelable indéfiniment, bien qu'en pratique des règles internes au sein de certains partis limitent la possibilité de se représenter au-delà d'un certain nombre de mandats.

Organe exécutif
Le Conseil d'État est lui aussi élu pour cinq ans. Depuis 2013 la majorité absolue est nécessaire pour être élu au premier tour du Conseil d'État, alors qu'un tiers des suffrages suffisait auparavant.

Contrairement à la majorité des cantons suisses, le gouvernement n'est pas élu sur une liste de candidats, mais sur un bulletin unique avec des cases à cocher. Ce système introduit en 2013 réduit l'impact des alliances et incite les électeurs à voter pour sept candidats au lieu des seuls candidats qui figureraient sur leur liste de prédilection.

Résultats

Grand Conseil

Conseil d'État

Articles connexes

 2e législature du Grand Conseil du canton de Genève
 Politique dans le canton de Genève
 Élections en Suisse

Notes et références

Notes

Références

2018 en Suisse
Politique dans le canton de Genève
Genève
Politique en avril 2018
Politique en mai 2018
Élection en Suisse

Élections cantonales genevoises de 2018


Den 2. Store Syrte-episode udspillede sig den 4. januar 1989 i Store Syrte da to F-14 Tomcats fra United States Navy skød to libyske MiG-23 Floggere som angiveligt forsøgte at engagere dem, som det var sket under en lignende episode under en anden episode i 1981.

Historie

Baggrund
I 1973 proklamerede Libyen at store dele af Store Syrte som sit territorialfarvand og offentliggjorde efterfølgende en "dødslinje" hvor enhver der krydsede denne linje kunne risikere militære konsekvenser. Forholdet mellem Libyen og USA var spændt efter USA beskyldte Libyen for at bygge en fabrik til fremstillingen af kemiske kampstoffer nær byen Rabta. Dette fik USA til at sende hangarskibet USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) til området. Et andet hangarskib USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71) forberedte sig også på sejle ind i Store Syrte.

Slaget

Om morgenen den 4. januar 1989 lå Kennedy-hangarskibsgruppen 70 sømil nord for Libyen med en gruppe A-6 Intrudere i luften eskorteret af to par F-14A på øvelse syd for Kreta og et E-2C AWACS-fly på en opklaringsmission. Senere den morgen patruljerede to F-14 syd for hangarskibsgruppen. Besætningerne var blevet grundigt instrueret inden patruljen grundet de store spændinger landene imellem og man kunne forvente en form for provokationer eller fjendtligheder fra Libyen.

Klokken 11:50, informerede flyvelederen om bord på AWACS-flyet patruljen om at to grupper af to libyske MiG-23'ere var lettet fra Al Bumbah flyvestationen nær Tobruk. De to sydligste Tomcats blev dirigeret mod den forreste MiG-23-gruppe der lå cirka 27 sømil foran den anden gruppe. Da de to Tomcats fik radarkontakt med libyerne var de 72 sømil væk og lå i 3.000 meters højde med kurs direkte mod de to Tomcats. Amerikanerne drejede af for at vise at de ikke var i færd med at engagere libyerne. De to Floggere ændrede umiddelbart efter deres kurs så de igen havde kurs direkte mod de amerikanske kampfly og de to grupper nærmede sig hinanden med 1.600 km/t. Amerikanerne dykkede ned til 900 meter for at få et rent radarbillede af de libyske kampfly mens de selv blev sværere at se i baggrundsstøjen fra havet. Amerikanerne forsøgte at dreje væk fra libyerne yderligere fire gange og hver gang ændrede libyerne kurs for at fortsætte mod dem.

Klokken 11:59 armerede man i den forreste Tomcat sine AIM-9 Sidewinder og AIM-7 Sparrow missiler. Man havde fra flyvelederens side givet de to fly bemyndigelse til at bruge sine missiler hvis man følte sig truet og man ikke behøvede at vente på at libyerne skød først.

Klokken 12:01 meddelte den forreste Tomcat at libyerne endnu engang havde drejet imod ham efter han havde forsøgt at dreje af for femte gang og de nu var 20 sømil fra hianden og igen styrede lige mod hinanden. Kort efter meddelte han at flyets missiler nu var afsikrede. På en afstand af 14 sømil affyrede våbenofficeren det første AIM-7M Sparrow. Missilet virkede dog ikke efter hensigten på grund af en betjeningsfejl. På en afstand af 10 sømil affyrede han endnu et Sparrow-missil, det gik heller ikke på målet.

Floggerne accelererede og fortsatte med at nærme sig amerikanerne. Da libyerne nåede ind på 6 sømils afstand splittede de to amerikanske fly sig op og det ene forsøgte at manøvrere sig om bag de libyske fly mens det andet tiltrakte sig deres opmærksomhed. Den anden Tomcat affyrede sit første Sparrow-missil på en afstand af 6 sømil og traf den ene Flogger som styrtede. I mellemtiden var den første Tomcat kommet i position bag det andet libyske fly og affyrede et Sidewinder-missil på en afstand af 1,5 sømil hvorved det andet libyske fly blev skudt ned og de to Tomcats vente tilbage til hangarskibsgruppen. Det lykkedes for de to libyske piloter at skyde sig ud af flyene med deres katapultsæder og lande i vandet, men det lykkedes ikke det libyske luftvåben at redde dem.

Efter slaget

Det vides ikke hvorfor de to libyske fly opførte sig som de gjorde eller hvorfor libyerne ikke forsøgte at redde piloterne. Den efterfølgende dag beskyldte libyerne USA for at angribe to ubevæbnede rekognosceringsfly, men billedemateriale fra de amerikanske fly påviste at de libyske fly havde været bevæbnet med AA-7 Apex missiler. Afhængig af versionen kan missilet enten være udstyret med en semi-aktiv radarsøger eller et infrarødt søgehoved.

Flyenes skæbne
National Air and Space Museum anmodede om at U.S. Navy afleverede 159610 til Udvar-Hazy nær Dulles International Airport. 159610 var en F-14A-model og efter hjemkomst blev flyet ombygget til F-14D-specifikationerne og fungerede primært som et angrebsfly. Den 30. september 2006 blev flyets udstilling åbnet.

I august 2015 var 159437 stadig ved Aircraft Maintenance and Restoration Group (AMARG) i nærheden af Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. Dette fly er et af syv F-14 ved området der afventer mulig afhænding til et museum.

Se også
 Store Syrte-episoden (1981) – En anden episode mellem amerikanske F-14 og libyske kampfly
 Hainan-episoden – En lignende episode mellem USA og Kina.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
Kort beskrivelse af episoden
time.com: 16. januar, 1989  historien med detaljerne omkring tidspunkter og radioudsendelser.
Luft-es listen
VF-32 fotogalleri
Lydoptagelse af episoden
videooptagelse fra episoden

Konflikter
Libyens historie
Amerikanske krige
Flyulykker og -hændelser i 1989

Store Syrte-episoden (1989)


باري جيمس مارشال  (ولد في كالغورلي بولاية أستراليا الغربية بأستراليا في 30 سبتمبر 1951). طبيب أسترالي يعمل أستاذاً للميكروبيولوجيا السريرية بجامعة أستراليا الغربية. حصل على  جائزة نوبل في الطب سنة 2005 مناصفة مع مواطنه روبن وارن وذلك لدورهما في إعادة اكتشاف بكتيريا بكتيريا الملوية البوابية (هليكوباكتر بيلوراي)  ودورها في إحداث التهابات وقرح المعدة.

مولده ونشأته

ولد مارشال في كالغورلي بولاية أستراليا الغربية ثم انتقلت أسرته للعيش في كارنارفون ، وفي السابعة من عمره انتقل مع أسرته إلى مدينة بيرث. التحق بجامعة أستراليا الغربية حيث حصل على درجة البكالوريوس في الطب والجراحة سنة 1975.

تدرجه التعليمي والأكاديمي

في سنة 1979 عين مارشال طبيباً مسجلاً بقسم الأمراض الباطنة بمستشفى بيرث الملكي، وهناك التقى سنة 1981 (أثناء فترة زمالته في الأمراض الباطنة بالمستشفى) عالم الأمراض روبن وارن (شريكه في جائزة نوبل) والذي كان اهتمامه البحثي منصباً على دراسة التهاب المعدة ، ومن ثم بدأ الاثنان في دراسة الارتباط بين وجود بكتيريا الملوية البوابية وبين الإصابة بالتهاب المعدة. وفي العام التالي (1982) تمكنا من استزراع بكتيريا الهليكوباكتر بايلوري وربطا بين هذه البكتيريا وبين قرحة المعدة والإتنى عشر وسرطان المعدة رغم معارضة الكثير من الأطباء الذين استبعدوا إمكانية أن تعيش أي بكتيريا في الوسط الحمضي للمعدة. وعن تلك المعارضة قال مارشال سنة 1998: «كان الجميع يقفون ضدي، ولكني كنت أعرف أنني على صواب».
وبعد فشله في إصابة صغار الخنازير معملياً بهذه البكتيريا سنة 1984، قام مارشال بمخاطرة حيث ابتلع طبق بتري يحتوي على البكتيريا مما أصابه بالتهاب المعدة ونشرت تلك التجربة في المجلة الطبية الأسترالية سنة 1985.

أجرى مارشال هذا البحث في مستشفى فريمانتل، ثم بدأ في إجراء تجاربه بمستشفى بيرث الملكي (1985-1986) ثم في جامعة فرجينيا بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية (من سنة 1986 وحتى اليوم) قبل أن يعود إلى أستراليا مع احتفاظه بموقعه في جامعة فرجينيا.

من التكريمات والجوائز التي حصل عليها

 جائزة وارن ألبرت  (مناصفة مع روبن وارن) (1994)
 جائزة الجمعية الطبية الأسترالية (مناصفة مع روبن وارن) (1995)
 جائزة ألبرت لاسكر (1995)
 جائزة غيردنر Gairdner Award ـ (1996)
 جائزة بول إرليخ (مناصفة مع روبن وارن)
 جائزة د. هاينكن الطبية  (هولندا) (1998)
 ميدالية فلوري (كانبرا) (1998)
 ميدالية بوكانان من الجمعية الملكية (1998)
 وسام بنجامين فرنكلن (1999)
 جائزة كيو للعلوم الطبية (2002)
 ميدالية المئوية الأسترالية  ـ (2003)
 جائزة نوبل في الطب أو علم وظائف الأعضاء مناصفة مع روبن وارن (2005)

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أستراليون حازوا جائزة نوبل
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من بيرث (أستراليا الغربية)
أشخاص من كالغورلي
أطباء القرن 20
أطباء أستراليون
أعضاء الأكاديمية الوطنية للطب
أعضاء أجانب في الأكاديمية الوطنية الأمريكية للعلوم
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة أستراليا الغربية
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة فيرجينيا مدرسة الطب
حاصلون على جائزة كيو للعلوم الطبية
حائزون على جائزة لاسكر-دبغي للأبحاث الطبية السريرية
حائزون على جائزة نوبل في الطب
حائزون على جائزة هينيكن
خريجو جامعة أستراليا الغربية
خريجو جامعة فيرجينيا
زملاء الأكاديمية الأسترالية للعلوم
زملاء الجمعية الملكية
علماء أحياء أستراليون
علماء أحياء دقيقة
علماء أحياء مجهريون أستراليون
علماء من أستراليا الغربية
مواليد 1951
مواليد في كالغورلي
حاصلون ميدالية بينجامين فرانكلين

باري مارشال


Die Hikawa Maru (jap. ) ist ein japanisches Linienschiff für Passagiere und Fracht, das in der Werft von Yokohama für Nippon Yūsen gebaut wurde. Der Stapellauf fand am 30. September 1929 statt. Am 13. Mai 1930 lief die Hikawa Maru zu ihrer Jungfernfahrt von Kōbe nach Seattle aus. Sie ist eines von drei Schwesterschiffen, die nach wichtigen Shintō-Schreinen benannt wurden. Der Hikawa-Schrein liegt in Saitama. Die anderen Schwesterschiffe Heian Maru und Hie Maru wurden im Zweiten Weltkrieg zerstört.

Die Hikawa Maru war bekannt für die hohe Qualität der Bordküche und ihre Ausstattung im Art-déco-Stil. Zu den bekanntesten Passagieren, die mit ihr gereist sind, gehörten Charlie Chaplin und Kanō Jigorō, der Begründer der Kampfsportart Judo. Letzterer verstarb am 4. Mai 1938 an Bord auf der Heimreise nach Japan.  Vor dem Eintritt Japans in den Zweiten Weltkrieg reisten jüdische Flüchtlinge mit der Hikawa Maru auf der Flucht vor der nationalsozialistischen Verfolgung via Japan nach Kanada und in die USA.

Nach Japans Kriegseintritt wurde die Hikawa Maru als Hospitalschiff eingesetzt, was dazu führte, dass sie die alliierten Angriffe auf die japanische Handelsflotte überstand. Nach Kriegsende wurde sie von den USA bis 1947 für Truppentransporte verwendet. Danach wurde die Hikawa Maru an Japan zurückgegeben und beförderte Fracht zwischen Japan und den USA. 1954 wurde sie außer Dienst gestellt, danach jedoch nach einem Umbau wieder als Passagierschiff auf der Route über den Pazifik eingesetzt. Rückläufige Passagierzahlen aufgrund des zunehmenden Flugverkehrs führten 1960 schließlich zur Einstellung des Liniendienstes. 1961 machte die Hikawa Maru als schwimmende Jugendherberge und Museum dauerhaft in Yokohama fest. Als das Museum im Dezember 2006 geschlossen wurde, war die Zukunft der Hikawa Maru unsicher. Jedoch begann im August 2007 eine Renovierung durch Nippon Yūsen und am 25. April 2008 wurde das Schiff wieder der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht. Zugleich wurde die Hikawa Maru in NYK Hikawamaru umbenannt, der Name am Schiff blieb dabei aber unverändert.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur

Weblinks

Motorschiff
Passagierschiff (Japan)
Museumsschiff (Japan)
Schiff im Stil des Art déco
Verkehr (Yokohama)
Museum in der Präfektur Kanagawa
Organisation (Yokohama)

Hikawa Maru