Walter Magnus Runeberg  (Porvoo, -Helsinki, ) fue un escultor finlandés de habla sueca, hijo del poeta Johan Ludvig Runeberg.

Sus obras siguieron inicialmente los ideales clásicos, influido sobre todo por el escultor danés  Bertel Thorvaldsen, pero más tarde adquirieron rasgos más realistas.

Sus trabajos incluyen, entre otros, en Helsinki: una estatua de su padre J. L. Runeberg en el parque Esplanadi, la estatua de Alejandro II de Rusia en la Plaza del Senado; también la estatua de Per Brahe el joven en Raahe y en el parque Brahe de Turku (ambas de 1888).

Datos biográficos
Walter Runeberg fue el tercer hijo del poeta nacional finlandés Johan Ludvig Runeberg y de Fredrika Runeberg. Nació en Porvoo, un año después de que la familia se trasladase allí desde Helsinki. Se llamó Walter en homenaje a Walter Scott, por el que Runeberg sentía gran admiración. Después de pasar por la escuela sin muchos éxitos terminó la secundaria y se dedicó a la escultura, que era su mayor interés. Comenzó su formación artística en Helsinki, donde recibió clases de Carl Eneas Sjöstrand. Continuó su formación en la escuela de dibujo de la Sociedad de Arte de Finlandia de Turku.

Financiado por su maestro en el otoño de 1858 viajó a Copenhague para formarse en la Real Academia de las Artes de Dinamarca, bajo la tutela de Herman Wilhelm Bissen, que había sido alumno de Thorvaldsen. Walter Runeberg mostró en las obras de este periodo la misma concepción clásica del arte. Después de cuatro años en Copenhague, se trasladó a Roma, el centro de artes clásicas. Allí trabajó , exceptuando algunos años de interrupción, hasta 1876.
Runeberg regresó a Finlandia temporalmente en 1864 y se estableció como artista independiente. El trabajo más importante de este periodo es Ilmarinen forja la luna, en cuyo modelo trabajó durante casi tres años. Regresó a Roma en busca de los bloques de mármol necesarios para su trabajo.

De su estancia italiana Runeberg dijo haber aprendido de los antiguos artistas y ser inspirado por sus contemporáneos. Sus trabajos producidos en su taller de Roma con diseños clásicos son numerosos. Entre otros se incluyen : el centauro Quirón enseña a Aquiles a tirar lanzas de 1863 , los Silenos ahogados por dos sátiros de 1865 que causó sensación tras su exposición en la ciudad, Psique con Céfiro de 1872 y Psique con la lámpara y el puñal de 1876 . Mención especial requiere el grupo escultórico de mármol titulado Apolo y Marsias de 1872, que fue la primera gran estatua de mármol de Finlandia, que se financió utilizando los ingresos de la lotería.

En el otoño de 1876 se trasladó con su familia a París, donde vivió durante diecisiete años. En ese momento comenzó a tratar sus obras de una manera más realista, aunque nunca se convirtió en un verdadero realista. Siempre insistió en que el arte debe ser edificante y hermoso. La mayor parte de su tiempo en París fue ocupado con el trabajo en la estatua de su padre, que fue presentada en Helsinki el año 1885 y en su ciudad natal Porvoo el mismo año; la estatua de Per Brahe , que se dio a conocer en Turku en 1888 y en formato más pequeño en Raahe - y el Monumento del zar Alejandro II de Rusia, que fue presentado en la Plaza del Senado de Helsinki el año 1894. También hizo retratos en busto de muchos de personajes famosos de la cultura en los países escandinavos. Ejemplo de éstos son los bustos de los profesores Anders Jahan Retzius y Kilian Stobæus, en la plaza de la Universidad de Lund.

Durante el periodo comprendido entre 1893 y 1896 Walter Runeberg vivió en Copenhague y luego se trasladó a Helsinki. Vivió cuarenta años en el extranjero. Murió el 23 de diciembre de 1920 y fue uno de los escultores más destacados de su tiempo.

Obras

Entre las mejores y más conocidas obras de Walter Runeberg se incluyen las siguientes:

<small> Pulsar sobre la imagen para ampliar.</small> </center>

 Notas y referencias

 Bibliografía
 Otavan Iso Fokus, Kertovasti kuvitettu 8-osainen tietosanakirja, Osa 6, s. 3579, Otava 1974 ISBN 951-1-01236-3
 Nyström, Lars (2006). Walter Runeberg - vår första stora bildhuggare, Borgå
Walter Magnus Runeberg. En: Ulrich Thieme, Felix Becker u. a.: Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. (traducción del título al español: léxico general de los artistas visuales desde la antigüedad hasta nuestros días) Tomo XXIX, E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1935, S. 208
 Este artículo contiene información de la Meyers Konversations-Lexikon en su edición de 1888-1890.''

Enlaces externos

Entre otras:
Amor ja Bacchus lapsina, 1879
Modelo en barro de Ceres
Busto de J.L. Runeberg
Modelo para la tumba de J.L. Runebergin , 1880

 PND : 132716291
 Wikipedia-Personeninfo
 LCCN : no2008132212
 WorldCat

Escultores de Finlandia
Escultores del siglo XX
Escultores del siglo XIX
Escultores de Finlandia en Italia
Escultores de Finlandia en Francia
Escultores de Finlandia en Dinamarca
Escultores del Neoclasicismo
Escultores de temas de los mitos
Finlandeses del siglo XIX
Finlandeses del siglo XX
Nacidos en Porvoo
Fallecidos en Helsinki

Walter Runeberg


Sueña conmigo en concierto es la primera gira musical de la telenovela juvenil de Nickelodeon Latinoamérica, Sueña conmigo, donde se interpretaron temas de las bandas sonoras de la serie, en las que se incluyen canciones con versiones inéditas y otras completamente nuevas. Inició el 25 de marzo de 2011 en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, pero posteriormente fueron confirmadas nuevas funciones en otras ciudades del país mencionado.
Además, el 17 de julio del 2011 fue lanzado el DVD del show en el Teatro Gran Rex titulado como: "Sueña Conmigo en Concierto ¡En DVD!"

Historia

La obra teatral de la serie debutó en Buenos Aires, Argentina a finales de marzo donde al tener buen éxito, se realizó una función más en el mismo lugar en el mes de abril. Por los óptimos resultados, Sueña conmigo en concierto pasó a ser una gira musical interna en el país mencionado, en las que se confirmaron nuevas funciones para invierno de 2011."Sueña conmigo en concierto" vuelve en vacaciones de invierno Además, se emitió un especial del show el 22 de julio de 2011 por Nickelodeon Latinoamérica.

Lista de canciones
En la gira, se incluyeron temas de los dos álbumes de la banda sonora de la serie. Sin embargo, hay versiones inéditas de algunos temas interpretados por Agustina Quinci, Felipe Villanueva, Kalena Bojko, entre otros, y también hay otras canciones completamente nuevas, como "Picu Picu" interpretada por Valentin Villafañe, Nicolás D'Agostino y Gabriel Gallichio. Y siempre hay un hada interpretado por Vanessa Leiro y Valentín villafañe

Funciones

Eiza Gonzalez : VIVE mi sueño

Visitas

 Firma de autógrafos en Punta del Este, Uruguay en el hotel Conrad el día 2 de febrero de 2011.

Referencias

Sueña conmigo
Giras musicales de 2011

Sueña conmigo en concierto


Paul-Louis Couchoud () () a fost un filozof francez, absolvent al prestigioasei École Normale Supérieure din Paris, medic, literat și poet. El a devenit binecunoscut ca traducător de haiku în franceză și ca scriitor ce a promovat teza germană a inexistenței istorice a lui Isus Cristos.

Scrieri

Opere de bază
 L'énigme de Jésus (Mercure de France, 1923); transl. Winifred Stephens Whale, The Enigma of Jesus, (Watts, 1924)
 Le mystère de Jésus ("The Mystery of Jesus")  (F. Rieder, 1924). No English translation
 La Sagesse Juive: Extraits des livres sapientiaux ("Jewish Wisdom: Excerpts from the Wisdom books") (Payot, 1930)
 Apocalypse (Rieder, 1930); transl. Charles B. Bonner, The Book of Revelation : A Key to Christian Origins, (Watts, 1932)
 Premiers écrits du christianisme ("Early Christian Writings") by G.A. van den Bergh van Eysinga, Robert Stahl, and P.L. Couchoud (F. Rieder, 1930)
 Le problème de Jésus et les origines du christianisme ("The Problem of Jesus and the Origins of Christianity"), by Prosper Alfaric, P.L. Couchoud, Albert Bayet, (1932)
 Jésus : Le Dieu fait homme ("God made man"), (Rieder, 1937); transl. Charles B. Bonner, The Creation of Christ: An Outline of the Beginnings of Christianity (2 vol., Watts, 1939)

Alte lucrări
 Benoit de Spinoza (Thesis, Alcan, 1902; 2nd ed. 1924)
 Au fil de l'eau (Along the Waterways) ; followed by Haïkaïs: the first French haïku, 1905-1922 (re-ed., Éric Dussert; 2011)
 Sages and Poets of Asia (Calmann-Levy, 1916, 4th ed. 1923)
 Japanese Impressions, with a note on Confucius (transl. Frances Rumsey, John Lane, 1921)
 La Vérité sur Jésus: Jésus est-il un Personnage Historique ou un Personnage Légendaire? ("The Truth About Jesus: Is Jesus a Historical Figure of a Legendary Figure?"), a public debate (Conflans-Honorine, 1926)
 L'Evangile de Marc A-t-il Eté Ecrit en Latin?   ("Was the Gospel of Mark Written in Latin?" 1926). German trans. Frans-Joris Fabri, Das Markusevangelium Ist in Lateinischer Sprache Verfasst Worden  (2007); Klaus Schilling's English summary
 Jubilé Alfred Loisy (Paris 1927), by P.L. Couchoud & Alfred Firmin Loisy. Congrès d'histoire du christianisme. (Published under direction of P.-L. Couchoud, Rieder, 1928)
 La Première Edition de St Paul  ("The First Edition of St. Paul"), (1928). German trans. Frans-Joris Fabri, Die Erstausgabe der Paulusbriefe  (2001)
 "Jésus Barabbas " (by P.L. Couchoud & R. Stahl), in Premiers écrits du Christianisme (1930), pp. 139–161. German transl. Frans-Joris Fabri,  "Jesus Barabbas " (2007)
 "Le Problème de Jésus", Europe, No. 138, 15 iunie 1934, p. 268-273.
 "Jésus, Dieu ou homme?" ("Jesus: God or Man?"), (NRF, No. 312, Sept. 1, 1939, 26 p.)
 Histoire de Jésus ("History of Jesus") (PUF, 1944)
 Spinoza. Pensées et règles de vie, (J. Haumont, 1944).
 "Hymne à Déméter", transl. (1946)
 Le Dieu Jésus : essai ("The God Jesus: An Essay") (Gallimard, 1951) (excerpts online )
 Une réponse inédite à Loisy sur l'historicité de Jésus ("Response to Loisy on Jesus Historicity") (1970)

Note

Bibliografie
 Arthur Drews, Die Christusmythe (1909, 4th ed. 1924); transl. C. Delisle Burns, The Christ Myth, (London 1910)
 Arthur Drews, Die Petruslegende, ein Beitrag zur Mythologie des Christentums, (1910, 2nd ed. 1924); transl. Frank Zindler, The Legend of St Peter, A Contribution to the Mythology of Christianity (1997)
 Arthur Drews, Die Christusmythe II: Die Zeugnisse für die Geschichtlichkeit Jesu (Jena, 1911); transl. Joseph McCabe The Witnesses to the Historicity of Jesus, (1912)
 Das Markusevangelium als Zeugnis gegen die Geschichtlichkeit Jesu ("The Gospel of Mark as a Witness against the Historicity of Jesus"), (Jena, 1921, 2nd ed. 1928)
 Arthur Drews, Die Leugnung der Geschichtlichkeit Jesu in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart (Karlsruhe, 1926). English summary by Klaus Schilling, The Denial of the Historicity of Jesus in Past and Present, Radikal Kritik)
  John M. Robertson, Christianity and mythology (1900, 2nd ed. 1910)
  John M. Robertson, Pagan Christs - studies in comparative hierology (1903, 1911)
 John M. Robertson, The historical Jesus, a survey of positions (1916)
 John M. Robertson, The Jesus Problem; a Restatement of the Myth Theory (1917)
 Archibald Robertson, Jesus: Myth or History? (1946) [A detailed presentation of the themes of Couchoud and other major proponents of historicity versus non-historicity debate, 1770-1940]
 Archibald Robertson, The Origins of Christianity (1954; 1962)
 Walter P. Weaver, The historical Jesus in the twentieth century, 1900-1950, (Trinity Press Int'l, 1999). See discussion of Couchoud in "The Return of the Nonhistorical Jesus" pp. 300–303
 Herbert Cutner, Jesus: God, Man Or Myth? An Examination Of The Evidence (1950). See comment on The Creation of Christ, pp. 234–235
 John J. Collins, Daniel: A Commentary on the Book of Daniel (Hermeneia, Fortress, 1994).
 John J. Collins, Peter W. Flint, Cameron VanEpps,  (2002). The book of Daniel : composition and reception (2 vol., Brill, 2002)
 R.H. Charles, 1 Enoch Transl. from the Ethiopic text, with introd. notes and indexes (Oxford Clarendon Press, 1912)
 George W.E. Nickelsburg & James C. Vanderkam, 1 Enoch 2: A Commentary on the Book of 1 Enoch, Chapters 37-82 (Fortress Press, 2001). Covers the Book of Parables (or Similitudes) 37-71, and the Book of Luminaries 72-82.
 George W.E. Nickelsburg & Michael E. Stone, Early Judaism - Texts and Documents on Faith and Piety (Fortress Press, 2009)
 James H. Charlesworth, The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha and the New Testament (CUP Archive: 1985)
 Paul Ellingworth, The Epistle to the Hebrews (New Int'l Greek Testament Commentary) (Eerdmans, 1993)
 Alan H. Jones, Independence and Exegesis. The Study of Early Christianity in the Work of Alfred Loisy (1857-1940), Charles Guignebert (1857-1939) and Maurice Goguel (1880-1955) (J.C.B. Mohr, 1983)
 Maurice Goguel, Jésus de Nazareth. Mythe ou Histoire (Payot, 1925) transl. Frederick Stephens, Jesus the Nazarene: Myth or History?  (T. Fisher Unwin, 1926); re-ed., Introd. R. Joseph Hoffmann (Prometheus, 2006)
 Charles Guignebert, Le Christianisme antique, (1921); transl. Early history of Christianity, Covering the Period from 300 B.C. to the Origin of the Papacy (1927)
 Charles Guignebert, Jésus (1933), transl. Samuel Henry Hooke, Jesus (Kegan Paul, 1935)
 Charles Guignebert, Des prophètes à Jésus. Le monde juif vers le temps de Jésus (1935); transl. S.H. Hooke,  The Jewish World In the Time of Jesus (1939)
 Alfred Loisy, L'Evangile et l'Eglise (1902/1904); transl. Christopher Home, The Gospel and the Church (Scribners, 1909; Fortress Press, 1976)
 Alfred Loisy, La Naissance du Christianisme (1933), transl. L.P. Jacks, The Birth of the Christian Religion, introd. by Gilbert Murray (G. Allen & Unwin,  1948)
 Alfred Loisy, Les Origines du Nouveau Testament (1936); transl. L.P. Jacks, The Origins of the New Testament (Allen & Unwin, 1950)
 Alfred Loisy, Histoire et mythe à propos de Jésus-Christ ("History and Myth of Jesus-Christ") (Nourry, 1938)
 Jean Guitton, Portrait de Marthe Robin, (Grasset, 1985), the case a sick female peasant, living paralyzed in a bed, labeled by the French as a "mystique", with reminiscences about Couchoud, who showed some medical curiosity in her case.
 Lettres inédites d'Anatole France à Paul-Louis Couchoud et à sa femme, (New letters of A. France to P.L. Couchoud and his wife), (Société Anatole France, 1968).

Nașteri în 1879
Decese în 1959
Filozofi francezi
Poeți francezi
Absolvenți ai École Normale Supérieure

Paul-Louis Couchoud


Die 8. Tour do Brasil Volta Ciclística de São Paulo-Internacional (dt. etwa: São Paulo-Rundfahrt) fand vom 16. bis zum 23. Oktober 2011 im brasilianischen Bundesstaat São Paulo statt. Das Rennen gehörte zur UCI America Tour 2012 und war dort in die Kategorie 2.2 eingestuft. Damit erhielten die ersten acht Fahrer der Gesamtwertung und die ersten drei jeder Etappe sowie der Träger des Gelben Trikots des Gesamtführenden nach jeder Etappe Punkte für die America-Rangliste.

Gesamtsieger des Etappenrennens wurde der Einheimische [[José Rodrigues (Radsportler)<José Rodrigues]] (Padaria Real). Er siegte mit 41 Sekunden Vorsprung auf den Zweitplatzierten Flavio Cardoso von Funvic-Pindamonhangaba. Das Podium wurde komplettiert von Cardosos Teamkollegen Tiago Fiorilli. Während des Rennens wurden der Sechste der Gesamtwertung, Elton Silva, sowie seine brasilianischen Landsmänner Flávio Reblin und Wagner Pereira Alves bei einer Dopingprobe positiv getestet. Silva wurde die Einnahme von  Amphetaminen nachgewiesen, Reblin und Pereira ein anaboles Steroid. Alle drei Fahrer wurden nachträglich für die Tour do Brasil disqualifiziert und ihre Ergebnisse aberkannt.

Teilnehmer
Am Start standen neben drei Continental Teams vor allem Amateurmannschaften aus Brasilien, aber auch aus Argentinien, Chile oder Ecuador. Europa wurde vertreten durch eine dänische Nationalmannschaft. Titelverteidiger Gregolry Panizo nahm 2011 nicht am Rennen teil.

Etappen
Die Rundfahrt startete in Marília nördlich von São Paulo und führte das Feld zuerst nach Osten, nach São Carlos. Von dort aus verlief der Weg nach Süden, bevor die Strecke sich in Sorocaba ostwärts bis zu den Campos do Jordão wandte. Dann ging der Weg zurück nach Westen in die Hauptstadt des Bundesstaates São Paulo.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Webseite

Einzelnachweise

Radrennen 2011
Straßenradrennen in Brasilien
Sportveranstaltung im Bundesstaat São Paulo
Etappenrennen

Tour do Brasil Volta Ciclística de São Paulo-Internacional 2011


Malta deltager i vinter-OL 2018 i Pyeongchang, Sydkorea i perioden 9. – 25. februar 2018.

Deltagere
Følgende atleter vil deltage i nedennævnte sportsgrene:

Medaljer

Lande ved vinter-OL 2018
2018

Malta ved vinter-OL 2018


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 Râzî, Fars simyacı, kimyager, hekim ve filozof (ö. 925)

Ölümler
 Kassia, Bizanslı başrahibe, şair, besteci ve ilahi yazarı (d. 810)
 Petronas, Bizanslı kumandan ve asilzade

865


The climate of Mumbai is an extreme version of a tropical wet and dry climate with a lengthy, practically rainless dry season and a relatively short, but extremely rainy wet season due to the Southwest Monsoon and orographic influences from the nearby Western Ghats. Some suburbs (e.g. Santacruz) are sufficiently wet to qualify as a tropical monsoon climate. Mumbai's climate can be best described as moderately hot with a high level of humidity. Its coastal nature and tropical location ensure temperatures do not fluctuate much throughout the year.

The mean annual temperature is . Average annual rainfall is  in Colaba, which represents South Mumbai and  in Santacruz, which represents central and suburban Mumbai. The mean maximum average temperatures is about  in summer and  in winter, while the average minimums are  in summer and  in winter.

Climate Change
As climate change and global warming are issues of rapidly increasing importance, the Mumbai Government launched the Mumbai Climate Action Plan to tackle climate change and extreme weather events.

Climate data for Mumbai
Sea temperature

Monthly breakdown of climate
The following is the monthly breakdown of the weather in Mumbai.

January
January is the coolest month of the year for Mumbai with mean daily minimum being 16.4 °C and mean daily maximum being 30.1 °C. The nightly lows may vary between 13 °C and 20 °C. Chilly northern winds during the day make the city seem cooler than it really is. Generally clear skies, with some smog – especially in the early morning – are the norm. The days are dry, the nights relatively humid. January is also associated with the deciduous trees in the city shedding their leaves. 26–27 January 2008 recorded a maximum temperature of 10.2 °C, which is the lowest recorded in 45 years. The lowest recorded temperature is 7.4 °C (45.3 °F) on 22 January 1962 which was the coldest day in Mumbai. Coastal areas are relatively cooler during the day, but they are warmer at night.

February
The fine January weather continues for the first fortnight of February. The mean daily minimum stays at 17.3 °C and mean daily maximum being 31.3 °C with some possibility of unseasonable showers. Smog increases. 6 February 2008 recorded a minimum temperature of 9.4 °C. Just two days later, on 8 February, the minimum temperature recorded was 8.5 °C, which was the lowest temperature Mumbai has seen since January 1962.

March
The month of March sees a mean minimum temp of 20.6 °C and mean maximum temp of 32.7 °C. During the transition from the dry to humid weather in mid March, the temperature might hit 38 to 40 °C. This high however, is due to hot dry winds from Gujarat. By mid-March the temperatures may hit 37 °C, with the lows at 24 °C. Humidity is unbearable, and smog affects the city. New leaves sprout from deciduous trees. The all-time high day temperature for March was recorded in 2018 at 41.7 °C.

April
The temperatures and humidity are still high. However, the cooling effect of the sea breezes makes its presence felt. The high temperature stays around 35.1 °C and daily lows are around 23.2 °C. Plants are in full bloom in April.

May
May is the hottest month of the year for Mumbai with the cool sea breezes providing some relief. The daily maximum hovers around 34.5 °C and the daily low is 29.1 °C.

June
June marks the beginning of the monsoon period in Mumbai. The beginning of the month is characterized by a continuation of the summer with increased humidity. The official date for the monsoon to hit the city is 10 June. This period is marked by thunderstorms and often windy conditions as the monsoon establishes itself over the city. Rainfall activity intensifies as the month goes on, leading into wettest month, July.  The max and min mean daily temperatures are measured at 31.9 °C/26.6 °C.

July

In this month the city receives the maximum amount of rain. July and August are characterized by almost non-stop rain and weeks of no sunshine. A continuous monsoon current covers the entire western coast of India during this period. Rainfall activity is less stormy and more constant with a relatively constant breeze from the West or South West. It is not uncommon for parts of the city to be waterlogged during periods of persistent heavy rain. This affects the city's public transport system often leading to long delays. During periods of severe precipitation, the city's commuter rail system is often suspended because of water logging and poor visibility.

The average maximum temperature for the month is around 29.8 °C with the average minimum at 25.5 °C. Average monthly rainfall is 919.9 mm in Santacruz and 768.5 mm in Colaba. The highest 24-hour rainfall in the history of Mumbai was recorded at the Santacruz observatory of the India Meteorological Department on 26 July 2005. On this day, a record 944 mm rainfall fell over the city, causing large scale flooding, claiming several lives and causing large scale property damage.

August
The weather in August is almost identical to July. Towards the later half of the month, rainfall activity tends to lessen. The coolest days of the monsoon season are often in August. The max temperature might drop to 29.3 °C during the day and 24.5 °C at night.

September
In September the intensity of rainfall decreases. The monsoons officially end in the 3rd week of September. September has unsettled weather. The rainfall is short and light and is not continuous. The end of the monsoon, much like the beginning can feature heavy thunderstorms associated with the withdrawal of the monsoon current from the city and surrounding areas. The mean maximum daily temperatures reach 30.1 °C while daily mean minimum  temperature stays at 24.0 °C.

October
In the month of October the mean daily maximum stays at around 32.9 °C and mean daily minimum stays at 23.1 °C making it hot during the days and relatively mild during the nights.

November
The temperature continues to drop slowly in the month of November with the mean daily minimum staying at 20.5 °C and the mean daily maximum staying around 33.4 °C. There are a few unseasonable showers.

December
The day highs hover around 32.4 °C. The nights average around 18.2 °C. Humidity is low in December.

Weather monitoring stations in Mumbai

Mumbai has two weather monitoring stations, one at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport and the other at Navy Nagar near Colaba towards the southern tip of Mumbai.

Record highest and lowest temperatures in Mumbai
The highest temperature ever recorded in Mumbai's history is , on 14 April 1952, while the lowest is , on 22 January 1962, both of which were recorded at the airport.

Cyclones in Mumbai
Sitting on the coast, Mumbai is vulnerable to cyclones, but as the cyclones in the Arabian Sea turn to the Arabian Peninsula or Gujarat, Mumbai stands less affected. Cyclones that have affected Mumbai include 1618, 1698, 1702, 1740, 1742, 1762, 1799, 1854, 1882 (Which is believed to be a hoax), 1891 1940  1948, Cyclone Phyan, Cyclone Ockhi, Cyclone Vayu, Cyclone Nisarga, and Cyclone Tauktae.

The strongest cyclone ever recorded to hit Mumbai is the 1948 Mumbai Cyclone, which hit the city on November 21, 1948. Gusts in Juhu reached 151 km/h, torrential rains lashed the city reaching 5 inches in only 24 hours. Flooding occurred due to heavy rains, the city power supply was disrupted. The cyclone left 38 people dead and 47 missing, Local transport came to a standstill

In recent times, Cyclone Tauktae battered Mumbai, reaching gusts of 114 km/h with heavy rains. The storm was catastrophic, and flight operations at Mumbai's Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport halted for hours due to the cyclone.

References

Weather
Mumbai
Mumbai

Climate of Mumbai


Charles Knight (1818 - 1895) fue un briólogo y micólogo británico. Fue funcionario administrativo de la corona británica, siendo también Auditor General, en Nueva Zelanda

Eponimia
 (Agavaceae) Agave knightiana J.R.Drumm.
 (Cupressaceae) Cupressus knightiana T.A.Perry ex Gordon
 (Cupressaceae) Cupressus knightiana T.A.Perry ex Gordon
 (Cupressaceae) Cupressus knightiana Perry & Perry ex Gordon
 (Solanaceae) Nicotiana knightiana Goodsp.
 (Solanaceae) Nicotiana knightiana Goodsp.

Bibliografía utilizada
 . 1993. Index of mosses. Monografías en botánica sistemática del Missouri Botanical Garden. Editor Missouri Botanical Garden, ISBN 0915279479

Referencias

Escritores de divulgación científica
Escritores de Inglaterra del siglo XIX
Botánicos de Inglaterra del siglo XIX
Micólogos de Inglaterra del siglo XIX
Briólogos de Inglaterra del siglo XIX
Escritores en inglés del siglo XIX

Charles Knight


Karl Rauber (n. 8 august 1866, Konstanz – d. 5 august 1909, Solothurn) a fost un pictor elvețian specializat în peisaje și teme istorice și religioase.

Karl Rauber este fiul dirijorului și profesorului de muzică Theodor Rauber și fratele compozitorului Siegfried Rauber.

În 1870 familia s-a mutat întâi la Muri AG și apoi la Baden, unde Karl și-a petrecut tinerețea. După ce a vizitat expoziția națională de la Zürich, din 1883, a decis că se va face pictor. În acest scop, a urmat întâi Școala de arte aplicate din Karlsruhe, conduse de Hermann Götz, și după doi ani, în aceeași localitate, Academia de Arte Plastice. Aici a fost elev la clasa de pictură a profesorilor Ferdinand Keller, Otto Schurth și, ulterior, a profesorului Caspar Ritter.

În 1890 a intrat la atelierul profesorului Claus Meyer, pentru cursuri de măiestrie. Aici a lucrat la portrete și la picturi pe teme istorice și religioase.

În 1896, cu ocazia expoziției naționale de la Geneva, a expus în salonul elvețian lucrare "Pregătirea pentru sărbătoare".

În 1894 a candidat la un loc în atelierul profesorului Leopold von Kalckreuth, sub îndrumarea căruia s-a specializat în pictură de exterior și peisaj.

În 1895, în biserica Sf. Sebastian, ridicată de Karl Moser în Wettingen, Karl Rauber a pictat pictura murală "Cina cea de taină", cu personaje de dimensiuni colosale.

În 1896, s-a mutat la Baden unde și-a stabilit atelierul în fostul local al Armatei Salvării. Aici a lucrat multe portrete, interioare și peisaje. Din cauza unei boli cronice, în 1905 a părăsit atelierul din Baden și s-a mutat la Solothurn.

Karl Rauber a expus în mod regulat la expoziția națională a Elveției, la expozițiile Asociației Artiștilor, și la expozițiile de Crăciun ale secțiunii din Aargau ale GSMBA (Gesellschaft Schweizer Maler, Bildhauer und Architekten - Asociația pictorilor, sculptorilor și arhitecților elvețieni).

Lucrări ale sale se găsesc în muzeul din Castelul Landvogtei din Baden, la "Aargauer Kunsthaus" din Aarau și la "Bündner Kunstmuseum".

Expoziții
1966, 30.8. Expoziție comemorativă la 100 de ani de la naștere, la Landvogteischloss Baden;
1996, 15.10.–24.8., Karl Rauber, Carl Meyer-Diethelm, Johann Friedrich Hasler, Jacob Mayer-Attenhofer, Landvogteischloss Baden.

Bibliografie
Nachruf, Aargauer Tagblatt 7.8.1909;
Nachruf, Neue Zürcher Zeitung 9.8.1909;
Biographisches Lexikon des Aargaus 1803-1957, Aarau 1958;
Aargauer Almanach auf das Jahr 1975, Bd.1, S. 47, Aarau 1974;
Aargauer Kunsthaus Aarau, Sammlungskatalog Bd. 1, Aarau 1979.
Uli Münzel, Badener Künstler seit 1800, Badener Neujahrsblätter 1981, S. 58.

Note

Pictori elvețieni
Pictori din secolul al XIX-lea
Pictori din secolul al XX-lea
Nașteri în 1866
Nașteri pe 8 august
Decese în 1909
Decese pe 5 august

Karl Rauber


යාපනය පුරාවිද්‍යා කෞතුකාගාරය යාපනය නල්ලූර්හී පිහිටුවා තිබෙන කෞතුකාගාරයකි. එහි බෞද්ධ, හින්දු අාගම්වලට අයත් කෞතුක වස්තූන් රැසක් ප්‍රදර්ශනයට තබා තිබේ. එසේම කදුරුගොඩ පුරාවිද්‍යා කැණීම් වලින් සොයාගත් සමහරක් වස්තූන්ද මෙහි දැකගත හැකිවේ.

ගැලරිය

මේවාද බලන්න
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කෞතුකාගාර ලැයිස්තුව

මූලාශ්‍ර

බාහිර සබැඳි

කෞතුකාගාර - ශ්‍රී ලංකා
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කෞතුකාගාර

යාපනය පුරාවිද්‍යා කෞතුකාගාරය


o Andorinha-das-rochas-africana (nome científico: Ptyonoprogne fuligula) é uma espécie de ave passeriforme da família das andorinhas que reside na África central e meridional. Reproduz-se principalmente nas montanhas, mas também em altitudes mais baixas, especialmente em áreas rochosas e em torno das áreas urbanas, e, ao contrário da maioria das andorinhas, é frequentemente encontrado longe da água.

Predadores e parasitas
Alguns falcões têm a velocidade e agilidade para pegar andorinhas e martins em voo, entre outras podem ser caçados por espécies como o falcão peregrino, falcão Taita, Ógea-africana e eurasiano-africano de inverno. Os martins de rocha frequentemente compartilham seus locais de nidificação com pequenos andorinhões, que às vezes assumem à força os ninhos dos martins. Em 1975, um dos primeiros achados do carrapato Argas (A.) africolumbae foi em um ninho de Ptyonoprogne f. fusciventris no Quênia, naquela época o martin foi descrito sob seu sinônimo Ptyonoprogne fuligula rufigula ( Fischer & Reichenow ).

Estado de Conservação
O Ptyonoprogne tem um alcance muito grande de  população global total é desconhecida, mas a ave é descrita como geralmente comum, embora escassa no Botswana e na Namíbia. A população é considerada estável, principalmente devido à ausência de evidências de declínios ou ameaças substanciais. Seu grande alcance e números presumivelmente altos significam que a espécie não é considerado ameaçada, e é classificado como Menos preocupante, segundo dados da Lista Vermelha da IUCN.

Textos citados

Ligações externas

 Species text of the rock martin in The Atlas of Southern African Birds

Aves descritas em 1842
Espécies pouco preocupantes

Andorinha-das-rochas-africana


බෙහෙත් බොන්නත් කෙලින් කටින් ඉඳලා ඕනෑ, ඇඟ දුර්වල වුණොත් බෙහෙත් වත් අල්ලන්නේ නෑ. ඒක නිසා තමන්ගේ ශරීරයට හොඳ ආහාර පාන ව්‍යායාම වලින් සලකලා තියා ගන්න එක අපි කළ යුතු යුතුකමක්, එහෙම නේද? අද කියාදෙන්නේ ආයුෂ වැඩි කරන, මාංශ පේශී පුෂ්ටිමත් කර ශරීරයට ශක්තිය බලය ගෙන දෙන, ශරීරය කාන්තිමත් කර පැහැය ලබාදෙන, මතක ශක්තිය වැඩිකර දෙන, ලේ - මාංශ - වසා - මේදය - ඇට - ඇට මිදුළු - ශුක්‍ර යන ධාතු හත; සප්ත ධාතු, වර්ධනය කර පුද්ගලයා නිරෝගීව තබන ඖෂධීය ආහාරයක් හදා ගන්නා හැටි. හරිම සරලයි, තමන්ගේ අතේ මුදල් තියන හැටියට අවශ්‍ය බෙහෙත් ප්‍රමාණ අඩුකර හදා ගත්තාට කමක් නැහැ. දිනකට ආහාරයට ගන්නා ප්‍රමාණය නම් අඩු කරන්න එපා. දිනකට ග්‍රෑම් 60 ක් (පලමක බර) ගන්න ඕනෑ උදේට.

හදා ගන්න ඕනැ කරන ඖෂධ ජාති:

සීනි කිලෝ 1  ½ යි (ග්‍රෑම් 1500 යි - පලම් වලින් 25 යි)

එළඟිතෙල් ග්‍රෑම් 750 යි (පලම් 12 ½ යි)

මී පැණි ග්‍රෑම් 375 යි (පලම් 6 ¼ යි)

එළ කිරි ග්‍රෑම් 750 යි (පලම් 12 ½ යි - බෝතල 1 යි)

තිරිඟු පිටි (ආටා පිටි තමයි වඩාත් ගුණ) කිලෝ 1  ½ යි (පලම් 25 යි)

මේ ජාති පහම ආසියාවට අයත් ආහාර වර්ග. අද තිරිඟු වෙනත් රටවල් විසින් අයිති කර ගෙන හිටියට එය ආසියාවේ ගෝධූමය. සාමාන්‍ය තිරිඟු පිටි ගන්න එපා, ආටා පිටි ගන්න. ලුණු දාන්න එපා. වතුර කලවම් කරන්නත් එපා.

හදන්නේ මෙන්න මෙහෙමයි:

ලොකු ඇතිලියක් ලිප තබා වේලෙන්න ටිකක් තියන්න. හොඳින් තෙත ගියාම එළඟිතෙල් ටික වත් කරලා දිය වෙන්නට තියන්න. ගිතෙල් දිය වුණාම ඒකට එළ කිරි සහ මී පැණි එක් කරන්න. ගිතෙල් කිරි එක්ක කලවම් වෙන්න හොරයි. ඒත් හැඳිගාන කොට පුංචි බිඳිති වලට කැඩිලා කලවම් වෙනවා. අන්න ඒ වෙලාවට සීනි ටික දාලා දිය කරන්න. නොනවත්වාම හැඳි ගාන්න ඕනා. සීනි දිය වුණාම පිටි ටික පොඩ්ඩ පොඩ්ඩ එකතු කරන්න. ඒ ගමන් හැඳි ගාමින් රත් කරන්න. හැබැයි මද ගින්නේ. මද ගින්න කියන්නේ ලිපේ දැල්ල නගින්න බැහැ. හනසු, පොල්ලෙලි, දර වගේ දේවල් තමයි මේ වැඩේට සුදුසු. මෙහෙම උයා ගන්න ඕනා තෙත ගතිය අයින් වෙලා යනකම්. ඊට පස්සේ ලිපෙන් බාලා නිවෙන්න තියන්න. නිවුනාම කට ලොකු බෝතලයක හෝ පිඟන් මැටි බඳුනක සුළං නොවදින විදියට අහුරා තබන්න. හැමදාම උදේට ග්‍රෑම් 60 ක් විතර ආහාරයට ගන්න. සතියක් පමණ යන විට ඇඟ මැලි ගතිය පහවෙලා යනවා. වැඩ කරන්න නිරායාසයෙන්ම ඉදිරිපත් වෙනවා. අමතක වෙන ගතිය මග ඇරෙනවා. ශරීරය පාට වැටිලා පුෂ්ටිමත් වෙනවා. බර වැඩිවෙනවා කියලා තේරෙනවා නම් ලේ දන් දෙන්න. එතකොට පාලනය වෙනවා.

කාටද සුදුසු:

මේ ඖෂධය පුරුෂ කාන්තා කාටත් සුදුසුයි. ගර්භණී වුවත් කමක් නැහැ. හැබැයි සීනි වැඩිවීමේ ආබාධ වලින් පෙළෙන අයට යෝග්‍ය නැහැ. මේ ඔසුව ගත්තාම රාත්‍රීයට කාමය ප්‍රබෝධ වෙන නැඹුරුවක් තියනවා. ඒ නිසා දරුවන්ට දීම හරි නැහැ. මේ ඖෂධයේ නම නම් මේකට බර වැඩියි. නොමග යවන සුළුයි. අතිශෝක්තියයි. බලන්න රති විනෝද මෝදකය කිව්වාම කොච්චර පක්ෂග්‍රාහී ද කියලා. නමට බය වෙන්න එපා.

සටහන: මී පැණි උණු කරන ක්‍රමය ඉන්දීය ආයූර්වේදයේ එන්නේ නැහැ. එහෙත් දේශීය වෙදකමේ සහ යුනානි ක්‍රමයේ එය දකින්නට පුළුවන්. මෙම ඖෂධය සඳහන් වන්නේ "කාම කුතුහලය" නම් වෛද්‍ය ග්‍රන්ථයේ.

රති විනෝද මෝදකය


The surname Marin is of Spanish language origin. In Spanish, it is spelled Marín, with an acute accent on the í.

Richard Anthony "Cheech" Marin (born July 13, 1946) is a Mexican American comedian, actor, musician, and activist. He gained recognition as part of the comedy act Cheech & Chong during the 1970s and early 1980s with Tommy Chong and as Don Johnson's partner, Insp. Joe Dominguez, on Nash Bridges. He has also voiced characters in several Disney films, including Oliver & Company, The Lion King, the Cars series, Coco and Beverly Hills Chihuahua.

Marin's trademark is his characters' strong Chicano accents, although Marin himself is not fluent in Spanish.

Early life
Marin was born on July 13, 1946, in South Los Angeles, California, to Mexican parents Elsa (née Meza) (1923–2010), a secretary, and Oscar Marin (1922–2015), a police officer for the LAPD. Marin was born with a cleft lip, which was surgically repaired. Marin identifies as Chicano; he speaks some Spanish and often uses it in his movies, but he is not fluent.

Marin's nickname "Cheech" is short for "chicharron", fried pork rind, which is a popular snack and ingredient in Latin American cuisine. In a 2017 NPR interview, Marin attributed the nickname to his uncle: "I came home from the hospital, I was like a couple of days old or something, my uncle came over and he looked in the crib and he said [in Spanish], 'Ay, parece un chicharrón.' Looks like a little chicharrón, you know?"

In 1955, Marin and his family moved to Granada Hills, California, and he attended primary school at St. John Baptist de la Salle Catholic School. Marin then went to high school at Bishop Alemany High School, during which he started to attend folk music events at the Ash Grove on Melrose Avenue as a teenager. Afterwards, he studied at California State University, Northridge (then known as San Fernando Valley State College), where he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa. During his second semester at CSUN, he worked almost full-time at Nordskog Industries in Van Nuys, while enrolled more than full-time as a college student. It was also during this time that he was socially introduced to marijuana through his fraternity, a key feature in his later film career, in addition to becoming acquainted with Timothy Leary at a local Students for a Democratic Society event, who would become a lifelong friend. Graduating CSUN as an English major in 1968, soon after he auditioned to sing for Frank Zappa's band, The Mothers of Invention. Not being offered the gig during his audition, a day later Marin moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, in order to evade the draft during the Vietnam War. Marin met his future comedic partner, Tommy Chong, in Calgary, Alberta.

Career

Comedy albums and films

As a part of the highly successful comedy duo Cheech & Chong, Marin participated in a number of comedy albums and feature film comedies in the 1970s and 1980s.  Tommy Chong directed four of their films while co-writing and starring in all seven with Marin.

Later films and television work
After Cheech & Chong disbanded in 1985, Marin starred in a number of films as a solo actor, most notably Born in East L.A., which was also his directorial debut, The Shrimp on the Barbie, Tin Cup, and Once Upon a Time in Mexico. He made a cameo appearance as a dockworker in Ghostbusters II. In 2004 he made his second appearance as a policeman, as "Officer Salino" in the film adaptation of John Grisham's holiday novel Skipping Christmas, under the title Christmas with the Kranks, starring Tim Allen and Jamie Lee Curtis. Marin appeared in the Fox sitcom Married... with Children as the voice of the Bundy's Briard dog, Buck; he voiced the character in three episodes: Look Who's Barking, Change for a Buck and Assault and Batteries.

Marin made the transition to full-time television work when he co-starred on the short-lived The Golden Girls spin-off The Golden Palace (1992–1993), and later with Don Johnson, Jaime P. Gomez, and Yasmine Bleeth in the police show Nash Bridges (1996–2001), in which they played San Francisco police-detective partners.  In recent years he has been active in playing supporting roles in films and performing voice overs for animated features. After appearing in a supporting role in Judging Amy, playing an independently wealthy landscape designer, Marin starred in the CBS sitcom Rob, with Rob Schneider.

Marin is a frequent collaborator of the director Robert Rodriguez, who has worked with Marin seven times; the last two installments of the Mexico trilogy, the Spy Kids trilogy, From Dusk Till Dawn and Machete. He provided his voice for several Disney animated films, most notably Tito the Chihuahua in Oliver & Company (1988), Banzai the hyena in The Lion King (1994), and Ramone in Cars (2006) and its sequels Cars 2 (2011) and Cars 3 (2017). He also played Pancho in The Cisco Kid (1994), and reprised the Banzai role in the video game Kingdom Hearts II.

Cheech appears in several episodes of AMC's Lodge 49 as El Confidente, a member of Lodge 55 in Mexico.

Children's music albums and related works
Marin has released two best-selling albums in the children's music genre, My Name is Cheech, the School Bus Driver (1992) and My Name is Cheech, The School Bus Driver "Coast to Coast" (1997).  Both albums were released bilingually. In July 2007, the book Cheech the School Bus Driver was released, written by Marin, illustrated by Orlando L. Ramirez, and published by HarperCollins.

In 2005, Marin lent his voice to the animated children's series Dora the Explorer. He appeared in the episode "A Crown for King Juan el Bobo", as the Puerto Rican folk hero Juan Bobo.

Additional television appearances
In late 2006, Marin participated in Simon Cowell's Celebrity Duets, having sung with Peter Frampton, Randy Travis, Clint Black, Aaron Neville, and Al Jarreau.  He was the fourth to be eliminated.

Marin had a recurring role in the hit television series Lost, playing David Reyes, Hurley's father.

He was a co-host for WWE Raw on March 1, 2010, with his comedy partner Tommy Chong, in Oklahoma City.

Marin also sings on the hidden track "Earache My Eye" on Korn's album Follow the Leader. It is a cover of an original song by Cheech and Chong. The song is performed by a fictional singer named Alice Bowie, played by Marin, whose appearance consists of a tutu, a Disney mouse ear hat, nipple tassels, an eye mask and dress socks. This character is featured on the cover of Cheech and Chong's Wedding Album and the end of the duo's first film, Up In Smoke.

In 2009, he appeared in the Hallmark Channel movie Expecting a Miracle.

On March 18, 2010, Marin beat journalist Anderson Cooper and actress Aisha Tyler on Celebrity Jeopardy!'''s Million Dollar Celebrity Invitational. Cooper admitted he was "crushed" by Marin. Marin also won his semifinal round early May but lost in the May 6–7 final to Michael McKean. He had previously won the first Celebrity Jeopardy! tournament in 1992.

In January 2012, he was one of eight celebrities participating in the Food Network reality series Rachael vs. Guy: Celebrity Cook-Off. He was eliminated in the third week of the competition.

The Cheech Marin Center for Chicano Art, Culture & Industry
Marin is an avid collector of Chicano art and started his collection in the 1980s. Two national touring exhibitions have featured works from his private collection. He feels that it's important to "use his celebrity status to call attention to what he saw as an under-appreciated and under-represented style of art". In collaboration with the city of Riverside, California, and the Riverside Art Museum, Marin established The Cheech Marin Center for Chicano Art, Culture & Industry, in the City of Riverside, which opened June 18, 2022. Marin will be donating his collection of over 700 pieces of Chicano art, the largest collection of such art in the world. The center will provide a location for the presentation and study of Chicano art, and is expected to draw international attention.

Other interests
He is an avid golfer, although he initially disliked the sport until he co-starred in the golf-themed comedy Tin Cup. Marin also practices horse archery on a special course built on his private land.

On April 19, 2018, Cheech (as part of GLE Brands Inc) signed an agreement with Heritage Cannabis Holdings Corporation (CSE: CANN) to have exclusive rights to use cannabis and cannabis-related products utilizing the Private Stash brand throughout Canada for a period of 2 years, with the agreement automatically renewing for an additional year upon achieving various milestones.

In 2019, he was featured in The Little Mermaid: An Immersive Live-to-Film Concert Experience playing the role of Chef Louis at the Hollywood Bowl.

Personal life
Marin was married in 1975 to Darlene Morley, who co-produced Cheech & Chong's The Corsican Brothers and also played minor roles in earlier Cheech & Chong films under the name Rikki Marin.  The couple had one child and divorced in 1984. Marin married artist Patti Heid in 1986; they had two children and have since divorced. Marin married his longtime girlfriend, Russian pianist Natasha Marin, on August 8, 2009, in a sunset ceremony at their home.

Marin resides in Malibu, California.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video gamesAnimated Storybook: The Lion King (1994) - Banzai (voice)Blazing Dragons (1996) - Sir George / Guido the Pizza Chef / Loudmouth GuardKingdom Hearts II (2006) - Banzai (voice)Cars (2006) - RamoneCars Mater-National Championship (2007) - RamoneCars Race-O-Rama (2009) - RamoneCars 2 (2011) - RamoneKinect Rush: A Disney-Pixar Adventure (2012) - RamoneDisney Infinity (2013) - RamoneCars: Fast as Lightning (2014) - Ramone

Theme park attractionsIt's Tough to Be a Bug! (1998) - ChilicRadiator Springs Racers (2012) - Ramone

Discography
 Cheech and Chong (1971)
 Big Bambu (1972)
 Los Cochinos (1973), won Best Comedy Recording at the 16th Annual Grammy Awards
 Cheech & Chong's Wedding Album (1974)
 Sleeping Beauty (1976)
 Up in Smoke (1978)
 Let's Make a New Dope Deal (1980)
 Get Out Of My Room (1985)My Name Is Cheech the School Bus Driver (Released October 27, 1992)
 Follow the Leader'' (1998)

Books

References

External links

1946 births
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American art collectors
American cannabis activists
American male actors of Mexican descent
American male comedians
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American male screenwriters
American male video game actors
California State University, Northridge alumni
Comedians from California
Disney people
Grammy Award winners
Hispanic and Latino American male actors
Living people
Male actors from Los Angeles
Screenwriters from California
Art museum people
Bishop Alemany High School alumni

Cheech Marin


الأميرة اولغا هي أميرة روسيا الكييفية. بدأت تحكم في سنة 945 بعد موت زوجها إيغور.

سيرتها وابان حكمها
تولت الأميرة أولغا زمام السلطة في كييف بعد اغتيال زوجها إيغور بن روريك عام 945 وصيةً على ابنها سفياتوسلاف الوريث الشرعي البالغ من العمر 3 سنوات. ولم يهتم سفياتوسلاف لدى بلوغه سن الرشد بتسيير شؤون الدولة في كييف، حيث ظل منشغلاً بحملات عسكرية خارج البلاد. لذلك بقي الحكم الفعلي في يد الأميرة أولغا.

لم يعرف أحد من اين تنحدر الأميرة أولغا، كما لم يعرف تاريخ ولادتها. ويقول بعض الأسفار التاريخية ان الأمير إيغور عثر عن زوجته أولغا في مدينة بسكوف (شمال غرب روسيا). فيما تشير بعض المصادر البلغارية انه جاء بزوجته اولغا من مدينة بليسكوف البلغارية. في حين ان اسمها يدل على أصلها الإسكندينافي.

اتصف حكم اولغا بانتقامها من افراد قبيلة الدريفليان لقتلهم زوجها ايغور.

وتذكر أسفار الازمنة الغابرة الروسية ان أولغا انتقمت من الدريفليان 4 مرات، حين أمرت أولا بدفن سفرائهم أحياءً، وثانياً بحرق رجلين منهم في نار الحمام كانا يعتزمان الزواج منها، وثالثاً بحرق عاصمتهم مدينة اسكوروستين. ويعتبر نظام جنى الضرائب الذي طبقته الأميرة اولغا من أبرز انجازات حكمها.

ويعتقد المؤرخ الروسي البارز سيرجي سولوفيوف (القرن التاسع عشر) ان آثار نشاطها الإداري والاقتصادي لم تتجل في امارتي نوفغورود وكييف فحسب، بل وفي كافة الإمارات الروسية الأخرى.

توفيت الأميرة اولغا عام 969.

تبنيها للمسيحية
واشتهرت اولغا بكونها أميرة حكيمة اعتنقت عام 955 المسيحية. وتم تعميدها في القسطنطينية وحملت اسم «يلينا» المسيحي، الامر الذي أثر فيما بعد على خيار حفيدها فلاديمير الذي تقبل المذهب الشرقي الأرثوذكسي للدين المسيحي وقام في عهده بتعميد الشعب الروسي كله وباعتناقه الأرثوذكسية.

حب امبراطور اليونان لها
كانت الأميرة اولغا ارملة ووقع امبراطور اليونان بحبها كثيرا وطلب منها الزواج ولكنها لم تعجب بالإمبراطور وتحبه ولم ترغب بالبقاء والعيش في اليونان، فهي تريد العودة لروسيا لذلك كانت تحتال عليه فقالت له «انا سوف اتزوجك بعد ان أصبح مسيحية اولا لأنك مسيحي وانا لا ازال وثنية» وكان الإمبراطور أحد اباء المعمدين لذلك قالت له «انا ساكون جدا سعيدة ان تزوجتك وأصبحت زوجتك لكن أنت بمثابة ابي الذي عمدني وأنت لا تستطيع أخذ اختك كزوجة لك» وبذلك لم يستطع الزواج منها رغم حبه الكبير لها.

معرض صور

مراجع

مراجع
تاريخ أوكرانيا - عمار علي الصافي
التاريخ الأوكراني - محمد عامر المصري
روسيا اليوم

أسرة روريك
أمراء في خقانات روس القرن 10
أميرات كييف
تاريخ أوكرانيا
حاكمات في القرن 10
حكام القرن 10 في أوروبا
حكام كييف روس
سياسيات أوكرانيات
فارانجيون
قديسات مسيحيات في العصور الوسطى
قديسون أوكرانيون
قديسون روس
قديسون مسيحيون في القرن 10
قديسون ملوك مسيحيون
ملوك أرثوذكس
ملوك قديسون في الكنيسة الرومانية الكاثوليكية
مواليد في بسكوف
نساء في حروب القرون الوسطى في أوروبا
وثنيون تحولوا إلى المسيحية
وصيات على العرش
وفيات 969
وفيات في كييف

أولغا (أميرة)


Una Operación Negra (del inglés: Black Operation, o también Black Ops en plural) es una operación encubierta o clandestina llevada a cabo por una agencia gubernamental, una unidad militar o una organización paramilitar; entre las que también pueden estar incluidas las actividades de grupos o compañías privadas. Las principales características de una operación negra es que es secreta y generalmente no es atribuible a la organización que la ejecuta.

Las operaciones negras generalmente comprenden actividades que son a menudo categorizadas como sumamente clandestinas y estandarizadas fuera del protocolo militar o incluso en contra de la ley. Un elemento fundamental en la realización de una operación negra es que se lleva a cabo con gran secreto, en muchos casos no existen registros oficiales de la operación.

Una sola actividad de este tipo puede denominarse operación de bolsa negra. Este término se utiliza principalmente para hacer referencia a entradas subrepticias encubiertas o clandestinas en ciertas estructuras para obtener información para operaciones de inteligencia humana. Estas operaciones han sido llevadas a cabo por el FBI, la CIA, el KGB, el Mossad, el MI6 y el MI5, el ASIS, el COMANF, el DGSE, el AISE, el CNI, el MSS, el R&AW, el DGFI, el SVR, el FSB, la 25ª Brigada de Comando de Kuwait, el ISI y los servicios de inteligencia exterior de otros países.

La principal diferencia entre una operación negra y una que es meramente secreta es que la primera implica un grado significativo de engaño. Algunas veces las operaciones negras se hacen bajo los auspicios de una operación de falsa bandera, con el fin de ocultar a quién está detrás de dicha operación o para que parezca que alguna otra diferente entidad u organización es la responsable de la misma.

Etimología

El término Negro puede utilizarse como término genérico para cualquier actividad gubernamental oculta o secreta. Por ejemplo, en Estados Unidos algunas actividades realizadas por las agencias de inteligencia y los militares están financiadas por un "presupuesto negro" clasificado, cuyos detalles, y a veces incluso el total, están ocultos al público en general y a la mayor parte de la supervisión del Congreso.

Referencias

Espionaje
Operaciones militares

Operación negra


Dana 23. svibnja 1971. godine Aviogenexov let 130 raspao se pri "tvrdom slijetanju" na pisti zračne luke na otoku Krku. Bio je to međunarodni čarter putnički let od zračne luke Gatwick u Londonu do zračne luke Rijeka u Hrvatskoj. Tupoljev Tu-134A koji je opsluživao let pretrpio je strukturni kvar tijekom slijetanja. Zrakoplov se prevrnuo i zapalio, usmrtivši 78 ljudi. Pad je postao prva nesreća Tupoljeva Tu-134 od ulaska u službu putničkog prometa. Do tog vremena bila je to najveća zrakoplovna katastrofa u Jugoslaviji.

Britanske vlasti pomagale su u istrazi i utvrdile da je posada mogla doživjeti optičku varku zbog obilnih kiša, te su zato mislili da je pista bliža nego što je bila. To je moglo uzrokovati prerano spuštanje.

Zrakoplov
Zrakoplov kojemu se dogodila nesreća imao je serijski broj 1351205. U trenutku pada skupio je ukupno samo 111 sati leta. Avion je uvezen u Jugoslaviju 23. travnja 1971. godine, a potvrda o plovidbenosti izdana je 27. travnja. Dobio je repnu oznaku YU-AHZ i ime Skopje.

Putnici i posada
Na letu 130 bilo je 76 putnika i 7 članova posade. Let je prevozio britanske turiste koji su putovali na odmor u Rijeku i okolna mjesta. Sedamdeset i dva putnika bili su britanski turisti, dok su ostali bili jugoslavenski. Među putnicima je bio i hrvatski pjesnik Josip Pupačić koji je putovao sa suprugom i kćerkom; sve troje stradali su u nesreći.

Kapetan leta bio je 41-godišnji Miloš Markićević. Imao je IFR ocjenu i 9.230 sati leta, od čega 138 na Tupoljevu Tu-134A. Kopilot je bio 34-godišnji Stevan Mandić. Imao je 2.300 sati leta, s 899 sati u ovom tipu. Pripravnik Viktor Tomić imao je 99 sati leta. Nadzirao ga je 39-godišnji inženjer leta Ivan Čavajda, koji je prikupio 7.500 sati leta, od čega 1.373 na Tu-134. Kabinsku posadu činile su stjuardese Alma Svoboda, Mira Miše i Mirjana Janković.

Nesreća
Zrakoplov je poletio iz Gatwicka u 16:33 GMT. Let je tekao normalno do prilaza zračnoj luci Rijeka. Posada je slijedila ILS s malo povećanom brzinom. Četiri kilometra od praga piste, na nadmorskoj visini od oko 300 metara (980 ft), zrakoplov je upao u jaku kišu. Posada je odmah aktivirala brisače vjetrobrana. Pedeset sekundi prije dodira, zrakoplov se podigao prema gore i nagnuo udesno.

Zbog izazovnih uvjeta, posada se nije mogla vratiti ILS pristupu, već je uspjela izravnati zrakoplov s pistom. Međutim, zrakoplov je ostao iznad odgovarajuće putanje klizanja, dok je posada pokušavala smanjiti brzinu kormilom visine i smanjenjem potiska. Na 800 m od piste, snaga je smanjena na prazan hod, a kormilo visine je upravljalo prema dolje kako bi snizili putanju prilaza. Zrakoplov je potom ušao u postupno strmi kut spuštanja. Zbog vjerojatne optičke varke, posada je mislila da su bliže pisti i na većoj nadmorskoj visini nego što su zapravo bili. Zrakoplov je udario u zemlju brzinom od 140 čvorova (260 km/h). Desno krilo se odvojilo, a zrakoplov se zatim preokrenuo i planuo.

Svi putnici i posada preživjeli su početni udar. Tada je započeo požar u lijevom krilu i repu. Gusti dim odmah je ušao u kabinu. Uspaničeni putnici potom su se pokušali evakuirati iz goruće olupine. Imali su poteškoća zbog nedostatka vidljivosti; opskrba električnom energijom prekinuta je odmah nakon udara, a gusti dim i mrak pogoršali su stvari.

Jednoj skupini putnika naređeno je da vidi može li se netko evakuirati kroz stražnji dio aviona, dok je drugoj naloženo provjeriti prednji dio kabine. Obje su skupine shvatile da se vrata straga i sprijeda ne mogu otvoriti zbog jačine udarca. Kako se vatra pojačavala, putnici su sjekirom pokušali razbiti prozore kabine. To je pogoršalo situaciju, jer je to omogućilo ulazak zraka u kabinu, pojačavajući vatru. Kabinska posada samo je mogla premjestiti putnike prema prednjem dijelu trupa.

Tada su se piloti i oba inženjera leta izvukli iz kokpita kroz netaknuti prozor kopilota i pokušali otvoriti prednja izlazna vrata s desne strane. Međutim, ona nisu popuštala.

Spasilačke službe stigle su nekoliko minuta nakon pada. Njihove pokušaje gašenja plamena omeli su kišni uvjeti koji su isprali pjenu za zagušivanje vatre. Snažni vjetrovi pogoršali su situaciju. Vjetar je također puhao u smjeru od repa do nosa, dodatno usporavajući akciju spašavanja.

Kabinska posada i putnici uspjeli su djelomično otvoriti prednja servisna vrata, ali do tada je dim bio pregust, a većina putnika i kabinske posade podlegla je trovanju ugljičnim monoksidom. Jedan putnik (jedini koji je preživio), Ranko Sarajčić, uspio se evakuirati kroz otvor u stražnjem dijelu aviona. Sarajčić je rekao drugima da ga slijede. Međutim, zbog panike, nitko nije. Dvanaest minuta nakon pada, vatra u kabini došla je do opreme za kisik u prednjem dijelu zrakoplova, što je izazvalo masivnu eksploziju. Svi putnici koji su još uvijek bili živi ubijeni su stvorenom buktinjom.

Prema istražiteljima, najmanje 30% mrtvih pronađeno je s još uvijek vezanim pojasevima.

Istraga
Na mjestu pada, ubrzo su pronađeni snimači leta MRSP-12, koji su 24. svibnja otvoreni i pronađeni preplavljeni vodom, ali magnetske trake u njima nisu bile oštećene.

Nesreću je istraživao britanski ogranak za istraživanje zračnih nesreća (AAIB). Izvještaj je objavljen 1. prosinca 1973. godine. Otkrio je, dok je let 130 letio kroz kišu, da je lom svjetlosti na vjetrobranskom staklu kokpita uzrokovao iluziju zbog koje se pista činila bližom nego što je zapravo bila. To je moglo navesti posadu da pomisli da je pista za 60 metara niža nego što je zapravo bila. Iluzija je uzrokovala da posada spusti nos, te smanji snagu kako bi letjeli u praznom hodu kada se zrakoplov nalazio na 800 metara od piste. Spuštanje nosa dovelo je zrakoplov do brzine od 310 km/h. Kako je zrakoplov došao u dodir s tlom brzinom od 260 km/h, raspao se i planuo.

AAIB je izdao preporuku da piloti proučavaju iluzije koje bi se mogle susresti tijekom slijetanja po jakoj kiši.

Izvori

 1971
Zrakoplovstvo u Hrvatskoj

Zrakoplovna nesreća na Krku 1971.


The Collegium Musicum was one of several types of musical societies that arose in German and German-Swiss cities and towns during the Reformation and thrived into the mid-18th century.

Generally, while societies such as the  (chorale) cultivated vocal music for church performance and the convivium musicum discussed musical philosophy over a banquet, the collegia musica performed both vocal and instrumental music for pleasure; they focused on instrumental music as it rose in stature during the Baroque era.  Though closed amateur societies in concept, collegia frequently included professionals to fill out the music and admitted non-members to performances.  Moreover, they often provided music for church, state, and academic occasions and gained the patronage of leading citizens.  From the 1660s, their functions largely constituted the beginnings of public concert life in Germany.

Leipzig

Leipzig collegia musica, consisting mostly of university students, enjoyed a succession of particularly illustrious directors, including Johann Kuhnau (1688), refounded by Telemann (1702), and Bach (1729–1737), who composed several concertos and dramme per musica for weekly performances at Café Zimmermann, Gottfried Zimmerman's coffeehouse, and for "extraordinary" concerts.  Telemann went on to promote professional concerts by Frankfurt and Hamburg collegia in the late 1720s, thus fostering the emergence of public subscription concerts in Germany.  With the Moravian emigration, American collegia sprang up beginning in 1744 in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, and the Carolinas.

In 1909, Hugo Riemann refounded the Leipzig collegium within the university, initiating a widespread modern trend in German and American universities to foster the performance of early music on original instruments or replicas.  The term collegium musicum has thus come to be associated in large measure with university ensembles that perform early music, though from a historical perspective, the term need not imply any restriction in repertory.

Other cities
Although the  became the most famous, due to its association with Bach, other cities had similar institutions. The Collegium Musicum (Hamburg) was an amateur musical ensemble founded in Hamburg in the 17th century by Matthias Weckmann, as a complement to the professional Hamburger Ratsmusik.

Modern ensembles
Various modern ensembles have taken the name, including:
 Cambridge University Collegium Musicum
 The Collegium Musicum of University of Heidelberg
 The Collegium musicum Bonn of University of Bonn
 The Collegium Musicum of Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
 The Collegium Musicum of London
 Collegium Musicum Jamaica
 The Collegium Musicum of the Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester
 The Harvard-Radcliffe Collegium Musicum
 The Collegium Musicum of Columbia University
 The Collegium Musicum of Duke University
 The Collegium Musicum of the University of Arizona
 The Collegium Musicum of Moravian College
Collegium Musicum of Muhlenberg College
 The Collegium Musicum of the University of Notre Dame
 Collegium Musicum 90, an English baroque orchestra
 Collegium Musicum Basle, Switzerland
 Collegium Musicum Bergen, Bergen, Norway
 Collegium Musicum Den Haag, The Netherlands
 L.S.K.O. Collegium Musicum Leiden, The Netherlands
 Rutgers Collegium Musicum
 Collegium Musicum Oberliniense
 The Collegium Musicum of Reed College
 Collegium Musicum of St. Olaf College
 Collegium Musicum of Rowan University
 Collegium Musicum, a Slovak art rock band formed by Marián Varga
 The Collegium Musicum of Colorado College
 Collegium Musicum of Luther College
 Collegium Musicum Hong Kong
 Collegium Musicum de Buenos Aires
 Collegium Musicum Cabell Midland High School
 The Yale Collegium Musicum (founded by Paul Hindemith)
 The University of Toronto Collegium Musicum (directed by Ivars Taurins)
 Collegium Musicum Lviv (Ukraine)
 Collegium Musicum of University of Calgary
 Collegium Musicum of University of Connecticut
 Collegium Musicum of Warsaw University
 Collegium Musicum of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
 Collegium Musicum of Kiel University

References

External links
 Collegium Musicum of London
 Harvard-Radcliffe Collegium Musicum
 Collegium Musicum of Columbia University
 Collegium Musicum of the University of Notre Dame
 Collegium Musicum of Leiden, the Netherlands
 Collegium Musicum Den Haag, The Netherlands
 Collegium Musicum Basel, Switzerland
 Rutgers Collegium Musicum
 Collegium Musicum of Saint Olaf College
 Collegium Musicum of the University of Texas at Austin
 Chiemgau Collegia Musica
 Collegium Musicum Hong Kong
 Collegium Musicum of University of Calgary
 Collegium Musicum of the University of Connecticut
 Collegium Musicum of Warsaw University
 Collegium musicum Bonn
 Collegium Musicum de Buenos Aires

Baroque music
Mixed early music groups

Collegium Musicum


Darius Maskoliūnas (* 6. Januar 1971 in Jonava, Litauische SSR) ist ein litauischer Politiker von Vilnius und ehemaliger Basketballtrainer.

Leben
1989 machte er Abitur an der Mittelschule Jonava. 2010 absolvierte er das Studium der öffentlichen Verwaltung an der Mykolo Romerio universitetas. Er arbeitete bei SVC als Projektentwicklungsleiter und als Präsident von Kauno krepšinio mėgėjų lyga, der Basketballamateurliga. Von 2007 war er Assistent des Trainers von Kauno "Žalgiris" und von Dezember 2009 (nach dem Rücktritt von Gintaras Krapikas) bis Mai 2010 Chefcoach von "Žalgiris". Im August 2010 wurde er Chefcoach von Kauno "KK Kaunas" und im Oktober 2010 Assistent von Aleksandar Trifunović bei Vilniaus "Lietuvos rytas". Im April 2011 wurde der Chefcoach von Vilniaus komanda. Im August 2011 war er Assistent von Džikić.

Er ist Mitglied von Liberalų ir centro sąjunga, ab 2010 Mitglied der Bewegung "TAIP" (Tėvynės atgimimas ir perspektyva), von 2007 bis 2011 und von 2011 bis 2015 mit Artūro Zuoko ir Vilniaus koalicija Mitglied im Stadtrat Vilnius.

Er ist verheiratet und hat zwei Kinder.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Politiker (Vilnius)
Litauischer Meister (Basketball)
Polnischer Meister (Basketball)
Basketballspieler (Žalgiris Kaunas)
Basketballnationalspieler (Litauen)
Basketballtrainer (BC Rytas)
Sportler (Rajongemeinde Jonava)
Olympiateilnehmer (Litauen)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2000
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
LCS-Mitglied
TAIP-Mitglied
Litauer
Geboren 1971
Mann

Darius Maskoliūnas


مدينة سيئون مركز مديريات الوادي والصحراء بحضرموت ومركز مديرية سيئون. تقع في منتصف وادي حضرموت على بعد 360 كيلو متر تقريباً عن عاصمة المحافظة ومركزها مدينة المكلا عبر الطريق الغربي. تقع في الجانب الغربي للوادي، وتبعد عن مدينة شبام (12 ميلاً)، وتبعد عن مدينة تريم (22 ميلاً).

تعود تسمية مدينة سيئون إلى امرأة اسمها سيئون كانت تملك استراحة ومقهى تستقبل بهما المسافرين، بعد ذلك سميت المنطقة باسمها تكريما لها. أصبحت مدينة سيئون من أكبر مناطق حضرموت الداخل وتتمتع بوسائل ترفيه كثيرة أيضا يوجد بها سوق كبير يفد إليها الناس من الخارج أبرز القرى المجاورة لها: مريمة -حوطة سلطانة - الغرفة - مدودة والأربعةالعروض - تاربة .

يوجد بها مطار دولي يسمى مطار سيئون حضرموت الدولي، كما يوجد في سيئون أكبر قصر بني من الطين والحجارة وهو قصر سيئون (الكثيري) الذي بني قبل أكثر من 100 عام.

الجغرافيا
تبلغ مساحة مديرية سيئون حوالي (804) كيلو متر مربع وتقع المديرية في الجزء الأوسط من محافظة حضرموت ووادي حضرموت على خط طول 48.46 درجة شرق غرينتش وخط عرض 15.57 درجة شمال خط الاستواء ويحدها من الجنوب هضبة وادي حضرموت الجنوبية ومن الشمال القف وهضبة وادي حضرموت الشمالية ومن الشرق مديريتي ساه وتريم ومن الغرب مديرية شبام. وتبعد مديرية سيئون عن عاصمة المحافظة المكلا بـ 320 كيلومتر.
وبالحديث عن التضاريس فإنه المديرية تتكون من سطح سهلي منبسط نسبيا ويشكل جزء من وادي حضرموت وتحيط بها سلاسل جبلية من الجهتين الشمالية والجنوبية والتي تؤدي إلى الهضبتين الشمالية والجنوبية، كما تخترق وتتخلل هذه السلاسل الجبلية عدد من الأودية الفرعية لوادي حضرموت أهمها في الجهة الجنوبية وادي شحوح وجثمه ووادي بن سلمان بتاربة وفي الجهة الشمالية وادي مدر ببور.

السكان
يقدر عدد سكان المديرية بـ (111728) نسمة وفقاً للإسقاطات السكانية لعام 2004م على أساس معدل النمو السنوي للسكان 4.33% لمحافظة حضرموت وتصل الكثافة السكانية بحوالي 139 نسمة/ كيلو متر مربع، وتتركز التجمعات السكنية في المدينة وضواحيها ومناطق تاربة وتريس والغرفة ووبور ومدوده ويشكل سكان المناطق الحضرية نسبة (47,4)% والمناطق الريفية (52,6%). وعموماً يشكل سكان المديرية نسبة 10,9% من إجمالي سكان المحافظة و14.3% من سكان الوادي والصحراء.

المناخ
كما أن المناخ مداري يتسم بارتفاع درجة الحرارة صيفاً (26- 42 درجة مئوية) ومعتدل شتاءً (6 – 28 درجة مئوية). والأمطار فيها نادرة وتهطل عادةً ابتداءً من منتصف فصل الربيع حتى فصل الخريف.

التاريخ والسلطنة الكثيرية
ربما أن أقدم ذكر لمدينة سيئون هو ما جـاء فـي مطلع القرن الرابع الميلادي حيث يذكر لنا النقش الموسوم بـ (Ir. 37)، الذي يعود إلى عهد الملك «ذمار على يهبر ملك سبأ وذي ريدان وحضـرمـوت ويمنـات» الذي حكم في مطلع القرن الرابع الميلادي أن قـوات سبئيـة اجتاحـت «وادي حضرموت» وحاصرت «شبام» و«رطغتم» و«سيئون» و«مريمة» ثم «عراهل» و«تريم»، وقد هدمت ستين ألف عمود كانت تحمل العنب، ويعطينا هذا النقش معلومات هامة إذ أن مدينة سيئون قد كانت قائمة في القرن الرابع الميلادي، وكانت لها أسوار وأبراج دفاعية وهذا يجعلنا نقول إنها قد ظهرت قبل ذلك بعدة قرون، أما تهديم السبئيين لأعمدة العنب فيؤكد أن منطقة حضرموت كانت تعيش في رخاء اقتصادي لانتشار زراعة العنب في مساحات واسعة في ظل ظروف مناخية متغيرة تماماً عن ما هو سائد في ظروفنا الراهنة.

أما عن تاريخ مدينة سيئون في الفترة الإسلامية فقد ظهرت كقرية في عهد الخلفاء الراشدين، وكانت تتبع إدارياً مدينة تريم، وظل الأمر كذلك في عهد الدولة الأموية، وفي سنة (129هـ) تحولت إدارياً إلى تبعية مدينة شبام التي كانت في حينها عاصمة للأباضيين، وهكذا ظلت تارة تابعة لشبام وتارة تابعة لتريم، وكانت تقوم فيها في بعـض السنين ثورات حيث حكمها في سنـة (593 هجرية) بنو حـارثة، ولكن لم تحتل مكانتها إلا فـي سـنـة (922 هجرية) عندما أصبحت عاصمة للوادي في عهد بدر أبي طويرق (922-977 هجرية) حيث وجدت وحدة إدارية أو بمعنى آخر سلطنة امتدت من عين با معبد غرباً إلى مدينة ظفار شرقاً، وفي القرن الثاني عشر الهجري تغلبت يافع على مدن حضرموت واستولى أل كثير على سيئون وقامت فيها الدولة الكثيرية وأعلنت في (1273هـ) عاصمة الدولة الكثيرية، وكان حصنها المعروف بالحصن الدويل (قصرالكثيري) مقراً للسلطان الكثيري «غالب بن محسن الكثيري»، وبعد الاستقلال من الاستعمار البريطاني انتهت الدولة الكثيرية، وأصبحت مدينة سيئون عاصمة المديرية الجنوبية في المحافظة الخامسة حضرموت.

العمارة

أما عن تطورها المعماري فهو كالتالي: كانت في القرن السابع الهجري قرية صغيرة محصورة في ناحية شهارة ـ السحيل ثم تتطورت بعد ذلك لتشمل مبانٍ أخرى، وقد أقيم حولها سور في عهد السلطان بدر أبي طويرق في سنة (922هـ)، وقد ظل هذا السور إلى سنة (1347 هـجرية).
أما بالنسبة للمباني فقد كانت في القرن السابع الهجري محصورة في شهارة ـ السحيل حـتى القرن الثامن الهجري، وقد خطت مقبرة المدينة في القرن السابع خارج المدينة في الناحية الشرقية، وجـاء «طه بن عمر» واقتطع أرضاً بعيدة عن المدينة وأسس فيها مسجداً (مسجد طه) وكان لا يوجد أي أثر للعمران، ثم اقتطع الأرض إلى (جثمة) مما يدل على أنه لا توجد أية مبانٍ حتى جثمة، وكان العمران محصوراً في شهارة ـ السيل ثم في الوسط (ساحة حنبل)، أما في القرن العاشر الهجري فقد تطورت المدينة على إثر اتخاذها عاصمة للسلطنة الكثيرية في عهد بدر أبي طويرق (922-977هـ) وفي سنة (1120هـ) اختط عـلي بن عبد الله السقاف قطعة أرض في الناحية القبلية وبنى بها مسجداً وكانت أرضاً صحراء، وكان جامع المدينة في القرن العاشر الهجري هو مسجد (عبد الله باكثير) لا تـزيـد مساحته عن (50×60 قدماً)، وتطورت العمران في سنة (1310هـ)، وعندما اختط أبوبكر بن سالم الصبان قطعة أرض صحراوية في وادي جثمة وبنى بها مسجداً، وكان آخر بيت هو بيته في اتجاه وادي جثمة واختط هادي بن حسن السقاف داره والزاوية في سنة (1327هـ)، وبنى جامع سيئون في القرن التاسع الهجري عقب تطور المدينة ليستوعب ذلك التطور، وفي القرن الرابع عشر أعيد بناء مسجد طه كجامع لصلاة الجمعة وأصبحت في سيئون أربعة مساجد تؤدى فيها الجمعة هي:
مسجد الجامع مسجد طه مسجد القرن مسجد باسالم.
وأقدمها مسجد الجامع بسيؤن وكان المسجد الوحيد تقام فيه صلاه الجمعة،

معالم المدينة
توجد في سيئون العديد من المعالم قديمة، أبرزها الآتي:

قصر متحف سيئون
يقع الحصن الدويل القصر الكثيري وسط مدينة سيئون تقريباً، وهو من أبرز معالم المدينة وحضرموت قاطبة، ويعتبر واحداً من أروع التحف المعمارية الطينية.
أقيم هذا القصر على ربوة ترتفع عن مستوى سطح الأرض المجاورة قرابة (35 متراً) مما جعله يشرف على سوق المدينة ومركز نشاطها التجاري.

بدأ ظهور هذا الحصن كمقر للسلطان في عهد السلطان بدر بن عبد الله بن جعفر الكثيري المشهور بـ – أبي طويرق – (922-977هـ)، وذلك يعني أن هذا الحصن كان موجوداً من قبل ظهور السلطان أبي طويرق الذي اتخذ الحصن كمقر سلطاني وأضاف له مسجداً، وإلى جانب بنائه للمسجد قام بتجديد الحصن، والسلطان أبو طويرق الذي برز في فترة صراعات دامية كانت تكتنف معظم أراضي حضرموت استطاع أن يحتل معظم تلك الأراضي، ومن ضمنها الشحر.

وفي عام (1125هـ)، جدد عمر بن جعفر الكثيري عمارة الحصن، وفي عام (1272هـ) وصل غالب بن محسن الكثيري إلى سيئون واتخذها عاصمة له، واتخذ الحصن الدويل مـقـراً لحكمه وقام بتجديد عمارته وتوسعاته ثم أكمل عمارته ابنه المنصور بن غالب في حدود عام (1345هـ)، كما واصل حفيده علي بن منصور بن غالب بن محسن الكثيري طلاء الحصن بالنورة، وإضافة بعض الزيادات وتمهيد (العقر) وهي الطلعة التي تصعد إلى الحصن، وبناء السدة والغرفة الكبيرة في الواجهة وما حولها، وذلك بين عامي (1355-1357هـ)، ولا يزال على ذلك الحال حتى الآن، حيث استغل مؤخراً جزء منه كمتحف افتتح عام (1983م) وتشمل قاعاته: الآثار القديمة التي جمعت من مواقع متفرقة من وادي حضرموت إلى جانب تلك الآثار التي استخرجت من حفريات موقع ريبون، وهناك قاعة خاصة بالموروث الشعبي وأخرى خاصة بالوثائق القديمة منها الخاصة بالدولة الكثيرية التي اتخذت في فترة من فتراتها المتأخرة سيئون عاصمة لها، كما خصص جزء من القصر كإدارة لفرع وزارة الثقافة، وبني في واجهة القصر الجنوبية الشرقية مسرح مفتوح في عام (1982م) يتسع لأكثر من (5000 مشاهد).

ملعب سيئون الأولمبي
يعد ملعب سيئون الأولمبي في سيئون أحد أكبر الملاعب في اليمن وأكبرها في حضرموت ويتسع إلى أكثر من 35 ألف متفرج.

قارة العر
وفيها حصن قديم ورد ذكره في عام (616هـ) عندما جاء ذكره لدى المؤرخين أن السلطان عبد الله بن راشد القحطاني سجن وقتل فيه، ثم جدد هذا الحصن عام (855هـ) في عهد السلطان بدر بن عبد الله بن علي الكثيري، الذي اتخذه كسجن للسلاطين.

حصن الفلس
حصن قديم ورد ذكره في بادئ الأمر عند المؤرخين في عام (603 هـ).
ويقدر عمر هذا الحصن بـ (400) سنة وأنة بني في عهد السلطان بدر بوطويرق أو الفترة التي تلية.
ويقع على تلة في وسط حي القرن بمدينة سيئون وكان بمثابة حصن عسكري متقدم تلتقي عند أطرافه من الجنوب والشمال الغربي امتدادات سور مدينة سيئون التاريخي.

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في محافظة حضرموت
مدن محافظة حضرموت

سيئون


අන්තර්ජාතික පාපන්දු සම්මේලනය පොදුවේ හඳුන්වනු ලබන්නේ එහි මුල් අකුරුවල එකතුවෙනි. මෙය පාපන්දු ක්‍රීඩාව පාලනය කරනු ලබන අන්තර් ජාතික ආයතනයයි. එහි ප්‍රධාන කාර්යාලය ස්විට්සර්ලන්තයේ සුරිච්හි පිහිටා ඇත. එහි වර්තමාන සභාපතිවරයා වන්නේ ජෝශප් බ්ලැටර්ය. මෙහි වගකීම වන්නේ ප්‍රධාන පෙළේ පාපන්දු ක්‍රීඩා තරඟ සංවිධානය සහ එම කටයුතු පාලනය කිරීමයි. 1930 වර්ෂයේ සිට ආරම්භ කරන ලද ලෝක පාපන්දු කුසලානය සංවිධානය මේ අතරින් කැපී පෙනේ.

මෙහි සාමාජිකත්වය දරන සංගම් 208 ක් වේ. මෙය එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ සාමාජිකත්වයට වඩා 16 කින් වැඩි සංඛ්‍යාවක් වන අතර අන්තර්ජාතික ඔලිම්පික් කමිටුවේ සාමාජිකත්වයට වඩා තුනකින්  වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයකි.

ආශ්‍රිත

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA

ෆීෆා


An agonist is a chemical that activates a receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an antagonist blocks the action of the agonist, while an inverse agonist causes an action opposite to that of the agonist.

Etymology
From the Greek αγωνιστής (agōnistēs), contestant; champion; rival < αγων (agōn), contest, combat; exertion, struggle < αγω (agō), I lead, lead towards, conduct; drive

Types of agonists

Receptors can be activated by either endogenous agonists (such as hormones and neurotransmitters) or exogenous agonists (such as drugs), resulting in a biological response. A physiological agonist is a substance that creates the same bodily responses but does not bind to the same receptor.

 An endogenous agonist for a particular receptor is a compound naturally produced by the body that binds to and activates that receptor. For example, the endogenous agonist for serotonin receptors is serotonin, and the endogenous agonist for dopamine receptors is dopamine.
 Full agonists bind to and activate a receptor with the maximum response that an agonist can elicit at the receptor. One example of a drug that can act as a full agonist is isoproterenol, which mimics the action of adrenaline at β adrenoreceptors. Another example is morphine, which mimics the actions of endorphins at μ-opioid receptors throughout the central nervous system. However, a drug can act as a full agonist in some tissues and as a partial agonist in other tissues, depending upon the relative numbers of receptors and differences in receptor coupling.
 A co-agonist works with other co-agonists to produce the desired effect together. NMDA receptor activation requires the binding of both glutamate, glycine and D-serine co-agonists. Calcium can also act as a co-agonist at the IP3 receptor.
 A selective agonist is selective for a specific type of receptor. E.g. buspirone is a selective agonist for serotonin 5-HT1A.
 Partial agonists (such as buspirone, aripiprazole, buprenorphine, or norclozapine) also bind and activate a given receptor, but have only partial efficacy at the receptor relative to a full agonist, even at maximal receptor occupancy. Agents like buprenorphine are used to treat opiate dependence for this reason, as they produce milder effects on the opioid receptor with lower dependence and abuse potential.
 An inverse agonist is an agent that binds to the same receptor binding-site as an agonist for that receptor and inhibits the constitutive activity of the receptor. Inverse agonists exert the opposite pharmacological effect of a receptor agonist, not merely an absence of the agonist effect as seen with an antagonist. An example is the cannabinoid inverse agonist rimonabant.
 A superagonist is a term used by some to identify a compound that is capable of producing a greater response than the endogenous agonist for the target receptor. It might be argued that the endogenous agonist is simply a partial agonist in that tissue.
 An irreversible agonist is a type of agonist that binds permanently to a receptor through the formation of covalent bonds.
 A biased agonist is an agent that binds to a receptor without affecting the same signal transduction pathway. Oliceridine is a µ-opioid receptor agonist that has been described to be functionally selective towards G protein and away from β-arrestin2 pathways.

New findings that broaden the conventional definition of pharmacology demonstrate that ligands can concurrently behave as agonist and antagonists at the same receptor, depending on effector pathways or tissue type. Terms that describe this phenomenon are "functional selectivity", "protean agonism", or selective receptor modulators.

Mechanism of action
As mentioned above, agonists have the potential to bind in different locations and in different ways depending on the type of agonist and the type of receptor. The process of binding is unique to the receptor-agonist relationship, but binding induces a conformational change and activates the receptor. This conformational change is often the result of small changes in charge or changes in protein folding when the agonist is bound. Two examples that demonstrate this process are the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and NMDA receptor and their respective agonists.

For the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is a G protein-coupled receptor(GPCR), the endogenous agonist is acetylcholine. The binding of this neurotransmitter causes the conformational changes that propagate a signal into the cell. The conformational changes are the primary effect of the agonist, and are related to the agonist's binding affinity and agonist efficacy. Other agonists that bind to this receptor will fall under one of the different categories of agonist mentioned above based on their specific binding affinity and efficacy.

The NMDA receptor is an example of an alternate mechanism of action, as the NMDA receptor requires co-agonists for activation. Rather than simply requiring a single specific agonist, the NMDA receptor requires both the endogenous agonists, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and glycine. These co-agonists are both required to induce the conformational change needed for the NMDA receptor to allow flow through the ion channel, in this case calcium. An aspect demonstrated by the NMDA receptor is that the mechanism or response of agonists can be blocked by a variety of chemical and biological factors. NMDA receptors specifically are blocked by a magnesium ion unless the cell is also experiencing depolarization.

These differences show that agonists have unique mechanisms of action depending on the receptor activated and the response needed. The goal and process remains generally consistent however, with the primary mechanism of action requiring the binding of the agonist and the subsequent changes in conformation to cause the desired response at the receptor. This response as discussed above can vary from allowing flow of ions to activating a GPCR and transmitting a signal into the cell.

Activity

Potency
Potency is the amount of agonist needed to elicit a desired response. The potency of an agonist is inversely related to its EC50 value. The EC50 can be measured for a given agonist by determining the concentration of agonist needed to elicit half of the maximum biological response of the agonist. The EC50 value is useful for comparing the potency of drugs with similar efficacies producing physiologically similar effects.  The smaller the EC50 value, the greater the potency of the agonist, the lower the concentration of drug that is required to elicit the maximum biological response.

Therapeutic index
When a drug is used therapeutically, it is important to understand the margin of safety that exists between the dose needed for the desired effect and the dose that produces unwanted and possibly dangerous side-effects (measured by the TD50, the dose that produces toxicity in 50% of individuals). This relationship, termed the therapeutic index, is defined as the ratio TD50:ED50. In general, the narrower this margin, the more likely it is that the drug will produce unwanted effects. The therapeutic index emphasizes the importance of the margin of safety, as distinct from the potency, in determining the usefulness of a drug.

See also
 Allosteric modulator
 Dose response curve
 Excitatory postsynaptic potential
 Functional selectivity
 Intrinsic activity
 Inverse agonist
 Mixed agonist/antagonist
 Receptor antagonist
 Receptor theory

References

Medical terminology
Pharmacodynamics
Physiology
Receptor agonists
Medicinal chemistry

Agonist


فابيو غالانتي  (مواليد 20 نوفمبر 1973 في مونتيتشاتيني تيرمي - إيطاليا) لاعب كرة قدم إيطالي يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى ليفورنو الإيطالي منذ 2004 في مركز قلب الدفاع .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو إمبولي
لاعبو إنتر ميلان
لاعبو تورينو
لاعبو جنوى
لاعبو كرة قدم إيطاليون
لاعبو كرة قدم إيطاليون أولمبيون
لاعبو كرة قدم في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1996
لاعبو كرة قدم من توسكانا
لاعبو منتخب إيطاليا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إيطاليا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو نادي ليفورنو
لاعبون فائزون بكأس الاتحاد الأوروبي
مواليد 1973

فابيو غالانتي


Meðalfellsvatn er 2,0 ferkílómetra stöðuvatn í Kjósarhreppi. Við vatnið eru híbýli og sumarbústaðir. Silungsveiði er í vatninu.

Kjósarhreppur
Stöðuvötn á Íslandi

Meðalfellsvatn


Dami Aminu, dont le nom d'artiste est Minz, est un producteur et musicien de Lagos, au Nigeria.

Biographie

Discographie

 Talk

 Story
 Odoyewu

 Skin

 Beautiful

 Nasty

 Gyal

 234

 Wo Wo
 Zizi

Notes & références

Musicien nigérian

Minz


este o locuțiune latină seculară care semnifică "Avem un papă". Ea este pronunțată de către cardinalul protodiacon la ieșirea dintr-un conclav, de la balconul central al Bazilicii Sfântul Petru de la Vatican, pentru a anunța orașului și lumii întregi (în ) identitatea noului ales precum și numele pe care acesta și l-a asumat.

Formula în întregime
{| class="wikitable centre"
!scope="col"|Formula în latină!!Traducerea în română
|----
| [prenumele celui ales], [numele de familie a celui ales], [numele sub care va domni cel ales]|Vă anunț o mare bucurie:avem un papă.Foarte eminentul și foarte cuviosul domn,domnul [prenumele celui ales],cardinal al sfintei Biserici Romane [numele de familie al celui ales],care și-a luat numele de [numele sub care va domni cel ales].
|----
|}

Textul este inspirat parțial de Evanghelia după Luca (2: 10-11), care conține cuvintele îngerului care anunță păstorilor nașterea lui Mesia: "Nu vă fie teamă, căci iată, vă aduc o veste bună, de mare bucurie pentru întregul popor: În orașul lui David vi s-a născut astăzi un Mântuitor; el este Hristos Domnul".Trebuie remarcat faptul că în Vulgata, traducerea în latină a Bibliei, realizată de Sfântul Ieronim (aproximativ în anul 382), cuvintele folosite sunt "evangelizo vobis gaudium magnum," în timp ce cuvântul "annuntio" a fost folosit în traducerile anterioare.

Variante
Pentru alegerile din secolul al XIX-lea, cel puțin până la Grigore al XVI-lea, formularea este "magnum gaudium" (conform, de exemplu, lui Stendhal).

Prenumele de botez al(e) celui ales sunt anunțate în limba latină, declinate la acuzativ (de exemplu:  pentru Albino;  pentru Karol;  pentru Joseph;  pentru Jorge Mario) întrucât ele sunt apoziții ale substantivului , complement de obiect direct al verbului . Numele de familie este anunțat în forma din limba de origine, nedeclinabil (Luciani; Wojtyła; Ratzinger; Bergoglio).

Numele noului papă este uneori la acuzativ, iar alteori la genitiv. În primul caz este considerat ca apoziție a complementului direct , la acuzativ, în al doilea caz este considerat drept atribut al substantivului .Ambele construcții au un sens perfect echivalent.

Numeralul care urmează după substantiv este uneori enunțat, alteori este omis.

Ascultând înregistrările cu habemus papam după 1939, se constată că numele au fost enunțate, după cum urmează:
  (acuzativ fără numeral) pentru Pius al XII-lea;
  (genitiv) pentru Ioan al XXIII-lea;
  (acuzativ) pentru Paul al VI-lea;
  (genitiv) pentru Ioan Paul I;
  (genitiv fără numeral) pentru Ioan Paul al II-lea;
  (genitiv) pentru Benedict al XVI-lea;
  (acuzativ fără numeral) pentru Francisc.

Anunțul din 2005 pronunțat de cardinalul chilian Jorge Medina Estévez, la 19 aprilie 2005, în urma alegerii papei Benedict al XVI-lea a fost foarte solemn. Anunțul a fost precedat de o formulă de salut în cinci limbi:  (italiană);  (spaniolă); Bien chers frères et sœurs (franceză);  (germană);  (engleză). Apoi protodiaconul a făcut să dureze un suspans, marcând pauze lungi între două propoziții, și o pauză scurtă înainte de anunțul prenumelui, apoi al numelui celui ales. Durata totală a luării cuvântului cardinalului a fost de 2 minute și 22 de secunde.

Anunțul din 2013 din 13 martie 2013, în urma alegerii papei Francisc, a fost mult mai scurt. Anunțul a fost cel clasic, însă fără salutările în mai multe limbi. Cardinalul protodiacon francez Jean-Louis Tauran nu a marcat decât pauze scurte între propoziții și niciuna înainte de enunțul prenumelor și al numelui celui ales. Luarea sa de cuvânt nu a durat în total decât 32 de secunde.

 Note

Bibliografie
 Noul Testament (1992), Tradus și adnotat de Pr. Dr. Emil Pascal, A patra ediție, neschimbată, de la  la  de exemplare, Éditions du Dialogue, Société d'éditions internationales, Paris ISBN 2-85316-007-6

Legături externe
Ultimele Habemus papam'' de la Pius al XII-lea la Francisc în video din arhive:
  din 2013 pentru alegerea papei Francisc
  din 2005 pentru alegerea papei Benedict al XVI-lea.
  din 1978 pentru alegerea papei Ioan Paul al II-lea.
  din 1978 pentru alegerea papei Ioan Paul I.
  din 1963 pentru alegerea papei Paul al VI-lea.
  din 1958 pentru alegerea papei Ioan al XXIII-lea.
  din 1939 pentru alegerea papei Pius al XII-lea

Vezi și
 Colegiul cardinalilor
 Conclav
 Cardinal protodiacon

Cuvinte și expresii în limba latină
Conclave papale

Habemus papam


Kristina Bernadette Cojuangco Aquino (born February 14, 1971), professionally known as Kris Aquino (), is a Filipino television host, actress and producer. She notably starred as Princess Intan in the acclaimed Crazy Rich Asians and is a recipient of 42 PMPC Star Awards for Television, 10 Golden Screen Awards and a FAMAS Award.

Dubbed as Philippine's "Queen of All Media", Aquino has hosted numerous talk shows and game shows, starred in several films and television series, and currently making waves in the social media platform. She is the youngest daughter of the late Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. and the late President Corazon Aquino, who served as the 11th President of the Philippines. Her brother Benigno Aquino III served as the 15th President of the Philippines from 2010 until 2016.

Her debut film appearance was in Pido Dida: Sabay Tayo and was also known for her roles in horror films Feng Shui and Sukob, which was the highest-grossing Filipino film of 2004 and 2006 respectively. She is also widely known as a top celebrity product endorser and a philanthropist who advocates for lupus awareness, children's rights, LGBT rights, culture and art appreciation, freedom of expression, and democratic reforms.

Early life and education
Kristina Bernadette Cojuangco Aquino was born in Quezon City, Philippines, to Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino and Benigno Aquino Jr. who was, at the time, a senator of the Ferdinand Marcos regime. The youngest of five children, her siblings are Maria Elena "Ballsy" Aquino-Cruz, Aurora Corazon "Pinky" Aquino-Abellada, former Philippine President Benigno S. Aquino III, and Victoria Elisa "Viel" Aquino-Dee. She is the cousin of actress and equestrienne Mikee Cojuangco, and the niece of former Philippine Olympic Committee president Jose "Peping" Cojuangco, Jr. When she was a baby, her father was arrested and jailed; her mother raised Aquino and her siblings.

During the 1978 parliamentary elections when her jailed father was a candidate, the seven-year-old Aquino was a stand-in for him at campaign rallies. She was featured on the front page of The New York Times and on the cover of Time Magazine. Aquino spent most of her elementary school days in the United States, where the Aquino family was in exile. When she was 12 years old, her father was assassinated on the tarmac of Manila International Airport. Kris Aquino returned to the Philippines and attended rallies against the Marcos regime.

After the Philippine Revolution of 1986, which removed Ferdinand Marcos from his 21-year regime, the teenage Aquino began guesting stints on television dramas and comedies, as well as talk shows. She made her film debut with actor-comedian Rene Requiestas in Pido Dida, which was a blockbuster hit. Aquino had a commercially steady career, and managed to score an acting nomination for The Fatima Buen Story. She starred in a film based on a true-to-life murder, the Vizconde massacre. Its financial success and numerous starring appearances in crime films of the same vein, earned her the nickname "Massacre Queen" by newspaper critics.

Aquino finished her elementary school education at the Poveda Learning Center (now Saint Pedro Poveda College) in Quezon City. She went to high school at the Colegio San Agustin-Makati, where she was batchmates with Pinky Webb and Karen Davila.

Career

Television
Aquino shifted her sights to a television career as a showbiz talk show host with the launching of the talk show Kris. It was produced by Viva Television on the People's Television Network. It was on GMA Network's showbiz oriented talk show Startalk, which she co-hosted with Boy Abunda and Lolit Solis, that her hosting skills attracted attention.

She later joined ABS-CBN as a contract artist and was launched in morning talk show Today with Kris Aquino. Following are showbiz-oriented talk show The Buzz alongside Boy Abunda and game show Game KNB?. From 2002 to 2004, she hosted the talk show Morning Girls with Kris and Korina with known broadcast journalist Korina Sanchez.

In 2007, Aquino took a showbiz break leaving The Buzz and the reformatted Pilipinas, Game Ka Na Ba? where she was replaced by Edu Manzano, when she gave birth to her second son.

Aquino also hosted the Philippine franchise of Deal or No Deal, which is part of ABS-CBN's primetime lineup, where she also appeared on the US version as part of a Deal or No Deal "around the world" event which hosted by Howie Mandel in May 2008.

She also hosted Boy & Kris, a morning talk show that replaced Homeboy, together with Boy Abunda, Be Bench, a model search show together with Piolo Pascual,  another TV franchise, Wheel of Fortune, which replaced Kapamilya, Deal or No Deal and marks her return on The Buzz in 2014.

In 2011, Aquino hosted Kris TV, a lifestyle-magazine talk show which airs weekday mornings on ABS-CBN.
The show ran from June 2011 to April 2016 prior to Aquino officially leaving her home network for 20 years.

Also in 2011, she hosted the Filipino version of The Price is Right.

Film
Aquino began her film career with Regal Films, one of the oldest film companies in the Philippines, appearing in  Pido Dida: Sabay Tayo (1990), and its sequals with comedian Rene Requiestas. It earned her first box office queen award. She later shifted to dramatisations of true crime, including The Vizconde Massacre Story, Myrna Diones Story, Elsa Castillo-Ang Katotohanan, and Humanda Ka Mayor.

She won her first supporting actress award in 2002 for Mano Po, for her portrayal of a weak-willed and submissive scion of a wealthy Filipino-Chinese clan. In the 2004 film  So... Happy Together she played opposite Eric Quizon.

Other films include: Feng Shui, a Star Cinema production that featured Chinese influences and omen. Feng Shui, which was made during the wave of "Asian-style horror" flicks that spread throughout the continent after 2002's. The Ring made P137 million. It was the highest grossing Filipino movie of 2004, and the second most successful movie overall that year, next to Spider-Man 2, which earned more than P225 million. In 2006, Sukob, another horror thriller, became the highest grossing Filipino film of all time surpassing Ang Tanging Ina and Anak. She also starred alongside Vice Ganda and Ai-Ai delas Alas in Sisterakas, a 2012 Metro Manila Film Festival entry.

In 2018, she played Princess Intan in Crazy Rich Asians.

Illness
Aquino's health has detoriated by 2022. Aquino was diagnosed with chronic spontaneous urticaria in 2018 after undergoing tests in Singapore out of concern that she might be suffering from lupus. In May 2022, Aquino disclosed that she has a life-threatening condition but dispelled rumors that she was "dying" and confined in an intensive care unit. She has also stated to have autoimmune thyroiditis and vasculitis.

In June 2022, she disclosed her eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis diagnosis, adding that she is going to reside in the United States to receive treatment for her condition.

As of October 2023, Aquino is living in Orange County, California.https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/celebrities/kris-aquino-update-autoimmune-condition-relationship-october-2023/

Personal life
Aquino had a live-in relationship with actor Phillip Salvador and had their first son in 1994.

In 2003, her relationship with comedian Joey Marquez was highly publicized after their breakup in which Aquino exposed Marquez on contracting her with STD.

Aquino was married to PBA professional player James Yap in a civil marriage ceremony on July 10, 2005, and announced the following year that she was pregnant, following a controversy in 2006 on Yap's infidelity.

In April 2007, Aquino gave birth to her second son, James Carlos "Bimby" Aquino Yap, Jr., in Makati.

In 2010, Aquino announced that she had separated from Yap, citing personal reasons, and stated she was seeking an annulment. It was in February 2012 that their marriage was declared null and void.

Aquino was amidst another public scandal in 2018 making death verbal threats via telephone to her former business manager, Nicko Falcis as their business relationship gradually ended. This was after her filing numerous cases against Falcis, majority of which got dismissed and are now under mediation. Currently, Aquino has no business partner nor business manager.

In October 2021, Aquino announced her engagement to former politician Mel Senen Sarmiento. But in January 2022, Aquino said via Instagram that both she and Sarmiento agreed to call it off.

Business ventures
Aside from her TV and movie career, Aquino owns and manages several businesses. She co-owns Lena Restaurant and Sencillo, a Mexican restaurant, as well as Roberto Antonio, an upscale flower shop with business partner Boy Abunda.

She founded a boutique and agency in partnership with Abunda and other personalities including Nonon del Carmen and Agnes Maranan. The boutique and agency was named MAD (an acronym for their surnames). She co-owns Sierra Madre Water. Aquino also owns numerous fast food store franchises such as Jollibee and Chowking and owns Nacho Bimby (aka Potato Corner) - a company that's under her youngest son's namesake.

She is also executive editor of a bi-monthly magazine called K! The Kris Aquino Magazine. In December 2009, Aquino showcased her home collection called K Everyday. In partnership with ABS-CBN Licensing, K Everyday features cooking, kitchen-wares, plastic, and stationery collections.

Filmography

Production company

In 2013, Aquino established a film and television production company, and film distributor called Kris Aquino Productions (or K Productions).

It is managed by Star Cinema, the country's largest motion picture company, which has produced most of the highest grossing Filipino films of all time. Its debut film was Instant Mommy starring Eugene Domingo. She produced her son's debut movie, My Little Bossings, in 2013.

Starting in 2010, she had already begun co-producing Star Cinema films in which she starred, including Dalaw (2010), Segunda Mano (2011), and Sisterakas (2012).

In 2015, Aquino started producing vlogs on her own website, featuring specifically cooking and travel vlogs.

Theatrical feature films

Accolades

References

Notes

External links

1971 births
Living people
Kris Aquino
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
Cojuangco family
Filipino child actresses
Filipino film actresses
Filipino television talk show hosts
Filipino game show hosts
Filipino television actresses
20th-century Filipino actresses
21st-century Filipino actresses
21st-century Roman Catholics
Children of presidents of the Philippines
Deal or No Deal
ABS-CBN personalities
Radio Philippines Network personalities
GMA Network personalities
Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation personalities
TV5 (Philippine TV network) personalities
Viva Artists Agency
Philippine Daily Inquirer people
The Philippine Star people
Filipino women comedians
Actresses from Quezon City
Comedians from Quezon City

Kris Aquino