Video Cassette Recording (VCR) is an early domestic analog recording format designed by Philips. It was  the first successful consumer-level home videocassette recorder (VCR) system. Later variants included the VCR-LP and Super Video (SVR) formats.

The VCR format was introduced in 1972, just after the Sony U-matic format in 1971. Although at first glance the two might appear to have been competing formats, they were aimed at very different markets. After failing as a consumer format, U-matic was marketed as a professional television production format, whilst VCR was targeted particularly at educational but also domestic users.  Unlike some other early formats such as Cartrivision, the VCR format does record a high-quality video signal without resorting to Skip field.

Home video systems had previously been available, but they were open-reel systems (such as the Sony CV-2000) and were expensive to both buy and operate. They were also unreliable and often only recorded in black and white such as the EIAJ-1. The VCR system was easy to use and recorded in colour but was still expensive: when it was introduced in 1972 the N1500 recorder cost nearly £600 (). By comparison, a small car (the Morris Mini) could be purchased for just over £600.

The VCR format used large square cassettes with 2 co-axial reels, one on top of the other, containing half inch (12.7 mm) wide chrome dioxide magnetic tape. Three playing times were available: 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The 60-minute videocassettes proved very unreliable, suffering numerous snags and breakages due to the very thin 17μm video tape. Tapes of 45 minutes or less contained 20 μm thickness tape. The mechanically complicated recorders themselves also proved somewhat unreliable. One particularly common failing occurred should tape slack develop within the cassette; the tape from the top (takeup) spool may droop into the path of the bottom (supply) spool and become entangled in it if rewind was selected.  The cassette would then completely jam and require dismantling to clear the problem, and the tape would then be creased and damaged.

The system predated the development of the slant azimuth technique to prevent crosstalk between adjacent video tracks, so it had to use an unrecorded guard band between tracks. This required the system to run at a high tape speed of 11.26 inches per second.

The Philips VCR system brought together many advances in video recording technology to produce the first truly practical home video cassette system. The very first Philips N1500 model included all the essential elements of a domestic video cassette recorder:
 Simple loading of cassette and simple operation using "Piano Key" controls, with full auto-stop at tape ends.
 A tuner for recording off-air television programmes.
 A clock with timer for unattended recordings.
 A modulator to allow connection to a normal (for the time) television receiver without audio and video input connectors.

The Philips VCR system was marketed only in the U.K., mainland Europe, Australia and South Africa. In mid-1977, Philips announced they were considering distribution of the format in North America, and it was test marketed for several months. Because the format was initially designed only for use with the 625-line 50 Hz PAL system, VCR units had to be modified in order to work with the 60 Hz NTSC system. Unfortunately, for mechanical and electronic reasons, the tape speed had to be increased by 20%, which resulted in a 60-minute PAL tape running for 50 minutes in a NTSC machine. DuPont announced a thinner videotape formulation that would allow a 60-minute NTSC VCR tape (and roughly 70 minutes in PAL), but the tape was even less reliable than previous formulations. Ultimately, Philips abandoned any hope of trying to sell their VCR format in North America, partly because of the reliability issues, and partly because of the introduction of VHS that same year.

Variants

VCR later evolved into a related format known as VCR-LP. This exploited slant azimuth to greatly increase the recording time. Although both formats used identical VCR cassettes, the recordings were incompatible between the two systems, and few if any dual-format recorders existed. Philips N1700, released in 1977, supported the VCR-LP format.

A later even longer-playing variant, Super Video (SVR) was manufactured by Grundig exclusively. SVR was designed to exclusively use BASF- and Agfa-manufactured chrome-dioxide tape in cassettes that were identical to the earlier Philips ones, with the exception of a small actuator added to the bottom of the cassette. This meant that only the BASF/Agfa tapes would work in SVR machines, but that such tapes could also be used in the older VCR and VCR-LP machines.  Just as VCR-LP recordings are incompatible with VCR, so SVR recordings are incompatible with both VCR and VCR-LP.  The only model to be built was the Grundig SVR4004, with a few detail variations such as optional audio/video connectors, plus a rebadged ITT 240.

Cassette playing times

This chart provides an overview of playing times (in minutes) for the most common cassettes released for standard VCR, VCR-LP and SVR.

VC cassettes were originally developed for standard VCR. LVC cassettes were developed for VCR-LP, but are physically identical to VC cassettes. SVC cassettes were specifically developed for SVR.

*) LVC 180 was not recommended for use in a standard VCR machine due to a thin tape base.

**) VC and LVC cassettes do not work in a SVR machine. However, SVC cassettes may be used in VCR and VCR-LP machines.

Models

N1500 (1972)
The first Philips machine was model number N1500, after which the format is also known. This had "first generation" mechanics including magnetic braking servo systems applied to relatively large mains voltage induction motors. The outer edge of the cabinet was wooden. The power cable was detachable, but used an obscure connector for which replacements are not readily available.
The N1520 was a N1500 without TV tuner and timer, but with editing functions assemble and insert (using four video heads), 2 track linear audio (not stereo but independent mono channels) and direct AV in/out connections.

N1460 (Released 1973)
Often found in schools and colleges where a few master VCR recorders made off-air recordings and the cheaper N1460s were used for playback. In Poland, a slightly modified version was made under the name Unitra magnetowid kasetowy MTV-20.

N1501 (Released 1974)

AC Mains present all over the place inside: mains motors, mains clock etc. Slightly improved colour circuitry compared to the original N1500, also modified field blanking to reduce flyback interference on some televisions.  Cosmetic variations on the N1500, with black replacing the silver frontage and black plastic surround rather than wood.

N1502 (Released 1976)
The later model N1502 had a totally different mechanism using DC motors and more advanced electronics, and was somewhat more reliable. A later version again was still called N1502 but had further significant mechanical and electronic advances, and in particular had a worm drive for operation of the loading mechanism rather than a fragile plastic gearbox assembly.  Earlier machines had a hardwired mains cable, later ones were fitted with a standard "Figure-8" C7 power socket.

N1512 (Released 1976)
The N1512 model offered composite video input and output connectors, but was otherwise the same as the N1502.  The VCR-LP model N1700 was closely related to the later N1502 variant.  Other, rarer Philips models included stereo sound and editing capabilities.
Circuitry and internal layout was much more modular than the first generation Philips VCRs. Used quiet DC motors (First generation VCR's used hefty synchronous AC mains motors). Basically this model was the same as the Philips N1502 with an extra board for video in / out. Channel button 8 selected video in.

N1700 (Released 1977)
Superficially similar to the Philips N1502 both externally and internally. Some components were interchangeable between the two models. Slower tape-speed and a slant-azimuth recording technique (to almost eliminate cross-talk between video tracks without using tape-wasting guard-bands) made possible the longer playing time without a noticeable loss in picture quality. The mains lead was hard-wired into the machine; however later releases of the N1700 had a removable lead - this would become standard on the N1702 model. Also on later models, presumably as the company had already started production of the N1702, the internal Video Head is also sometimes labelled as N1702 instead of N1700. The price in the UK was around £700 which would be over £5,500 in 2023.  A Skantic branded clone model VCR 1209281 had the silver top design of the later N1702 model.

Denis Norden promoted this model in the industrial video "The Philips Time Machine".

N1702 (Released 1979)
Similar to the Philips model N1700, the N1702 had a lighter coloured top cover (N1702 was silver and black whilst the N1700 was grey). A 4-digit counter, a 9-day timer, separate mains lead (not hardwired in), and a test-pattern generator to aid TV tuning. Tape transport legends in slightly different position on later N1702's.

Grundig models
Grundig built a VCR4000 VCR-LP model which had microprocessor control and so treated the tapes more gently than the purely mechanical decks, and the SVR4004 (longer running SVR format) model was very similar.  Other Grundig models included the VCR3000 (believed to be VCR format) and VCR5000AV (believed to be the only dual format VCR and VCR-LP machine).

Replacement
In the late 1970s, the VCR formats were superseded altogether by Video 2000 (also known as 'Video Compact Cassette' or VCC). Due to the similar initialisms, and the fact that both were designed by Philips, the 'VCC' and 'VCR' formats  are often confused. However, the two systems are incompatible, and there are significant differences between them.  Some Video 2000 machines carry a modified version of the "VCR" logo, (such as had appeared on the N1500 and N1700 machines), adding further to this confusion.

References

External links

Total Rewind - The Virtual Museum of Vintage VCRs
Mikey's Vintage VTR Page - N1500/'VCR'
Yahoo group dedicated to N1500, N1700 and SVR format machines
Detailed look at N1500, N1700 and SVR format tapes and machines on YouTube
Video Cassette Recording (VCR) and Video Cassette Recording Long-Play (VCR-LP) at the Museum of Obsolete Media

Videotape
Discontinued media formats
Audiovisual introductions in 1972
1979 disestablishments in the Netherlands
1972 establishments in the Netherlands

Video Cassette Recording


Hrvatsko narodno kazalište u Šibeniku prvo je kazalište u Šibeniku. Osnovano je 1870. godine.

Povijest
Općina nije imala sredstva za izgradnju te su pomoć nudili mještani intelektualci, bogati zemljoposjednici i obrtnici. Općina Šibenik prihvatila je prijedlog i predala je odgovornost Društvu šibenskog kazališta netom osnovano 1864. godine. Projekt je izradio trogirski arhitekt Josip Slade.

Kazalište je u cijelosti završeno 18. siječnja 1870. kad dobiva dozvolu za rad. Otvorenje kazališta i prva predstava održani su 29. siječnja 1870. kada je izvedena predstava "Kip od mesa" Teobalda Ciconija. Kazalište je tijekom Domovinskog rata oštećeno te je 2001. obnovljeno.

Izvori

Hrvatske kazališne kuće i trupe
Građevine u Šibeniku
Kultura u Šibeniku

Hrvatsko narodno kazalište u Šibeniku


مصطفى الدرقاوي مخرج سينمائي مغربي من مواليد سنة 1944 بمدينة وجدة، له عدة أشرطة قصيرة و طويلة من بينها فيلم أحداث بدون دلالة، فيلم الدار البيضاء باي نايت، والدار البيضاء داي لايت.

وصلات خارجية

أشخاص من وجدة
صانعو أفلام أفارقة
مخرجو أفلام مغاربة
مخرجون مغاربة
مواليد 1944

مصطفى الدرقاوي


El maratón de la ciudad de Valencia, también llamado Maratón Valencia Trinidad Alfonso, es una carrera a pie de 42,195 kilómetros. Se celebra cada año desde 1981. Desde 2011 se celebraba paralelamente a la prueba una carrera 10K. Sin embargo su última edición fue la de 2019 consiguiendo el récord del mundo en dicha categoría Joshua Cheptegei, acabando la prueba con una marca oficial de 26:38.

Historia
La primera maratón que se celebró en Valencia fue el 29 de marzo de 1981.

La Historia del maratón en la ciudad no es otra que la del Maratón Popular de Valencia cuya primera edición se celebró el 29 de marzo de 1981, a la que siguieron, año tras año, 29 más hasta su trigésima celebrada en 2010. Esta historia está estrechamente ligada a la Sociedad Deportiva Correcaminos, uno de los primeros clubes deportivos que abrazaron el atletismo popular a finales de los años 70.

El nacimiento de este proyecto no se diferenciaba ni en su época ni en su objetivo a los muchos que a lo largo y ancho de la geografía mundial se ponían en marcha; a título anecdótico, el Maratón de Valencia nacía en mismo día del mismo año que el maratón de Londres: 29 de marzo de 1981. Pocos antes de esa fecha y muchos después han sumado y siguen sumando sus nombres a la larga lista de pruebas de la distancia del maratón. A lo largo de estos 30 años, los circuitos de esta carrera mítica han cambiado como lo han hecho las nacionalidades de sus vencedores y vencedoras.

El Paseo de la Alameda vio nacer tanto al primer maratón como a su trigésima edición, la última al día de hoy; los circuitos de la carrera han ido sucediéndose en busca del mejor trazado, adjetivo éste que tiene muchas y diferentes lecturas, en un intento de mejorar técnicamente el trazado y acercar los corredores al público. Los laureados han sido de muchas nacionalidades pero la memoria es selectiva y Vicente Antón y Elisenda Pucurull se han quedado para siempre en la mente y el corazón de los aficionados. La 31.ª edición inició el nuevo proyecto del Maratón Valencia, frente al cual Correcaminos se enfrentaba a una duda "hamletiana": el ser o no ser, es decir o anclarse en la cómoda continuidad de seguir organizando maratones de segunda línea o, alzándose contra todo tipo de inconvenientes, aceptar el ofrecimiento del Ayuntamiento de Valencia de asociarse con él para luchar conjuntamente por situar nuestro maratón en la galería de la gloria donde residen solamente los elegidos. La decisión ya es de todos conocida; el tiempo como juez dictará la sentencia y todos debemos andar unidos para que ella sea favorable.

El nuevo maratón nace en 2011

En 2011 surge un nuevo concepto de maratón para Valencia. Cambios en el circuito, de fecha, en la forma de comprender la prueba y venderla al exterior. Una de las novedades más visuales es la espectacular llegada a meta en una pasarela sobre las aguas de la incomparable Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias.
Siendo Divina Pastora Seguros, su principal patrocinador durante los años 2011, 2012 y 2013.
Además, el Maratón Valencia Trinidad Alfonso cuenta con un circuito idóneo (totalmente llano), la temperatura perfecta (entre 12 y 17 grados). El mes de noviembre se convierte en una época del año perfecta para la práctica de las pruebas de fondo y junto al incomparable marco que acompaña la celebración de la misma, hacen del Maratón Valencia Trinidad Alfonso una de las citas más destacadas del panorama nacional.

La Ciudad de la Artes y las Ciencias serán el centro neurálgico de una prueba que pretende ser una fiesta del deporte. Tanto la salida como la llegada, así como las actividades paralelas a la carrera, serán en este enclave arquitectónico, sin duda, uno de los más espectaculares de nuestro Siglo.

El maratón más rápido en suelo español
El 17 de noviembre de 2013, el Maratón Valencia se convirtió en el más rápido de la historia en suelo español. Félix Kipkemoi Keny, que figuraba entre los favoritos pero no era, a priori, el corredor más en forma de los participantes, completó unos últimos 10 kilómetros soberbios para firmar un registro de 2.07:14,  unos 16 segundos más rápido que la anterior plusmarca en territorio nacional que poseía el maratón de Barcelona. En mujeres, la etíope Azalach Maresha ha batido el récord del circuito valenciano con 2.27:01, otro registro de categoría internacional y uno de los más veloces jamás registrado en España.

En la edición de 2019, celebrada el día 1 de diciembre, el etíope Kinde Atanaw Alayew, bate el récord de la prueba con una marca de 2h03:51 en su debut en una maratón. Esta marca convierte a Valencia en la cuarta ciudad más rápida del mundo en la distancia, solo por detrás de Berlín, Londres y Dubái.
En esta misma edición, la atleta etíope Roza Dereje Bekele bate el récord femenino en Valencia, con una marca de 2:18:30.

Etiqueta de Oro de la IAAF
Desde enero de 2016, el Maratón Valencia Trinidad Alfonso tiene en su poder la distinción Gold Label otorgada por la IAAF como reconocimiento a la prueba y es el primer maratón en recibir dicha distinción en España.

Etiqueta Platino de la IAAF
Para la edición de 2020, la World Athletics, antigua IAAF, le otorga la recién estrenada distinción Platinum Label como reconocimiento a la prueba, siendo el primer y único maratón en recibir dicha distinción en España. Únicamente una docena de carreras en el mundo van a poseer esta máxima distinción platino en 2020

Palmarés

Top 5 por tiempo

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Opiniones sobre la Maratón de Valencia

Valencia
Eventos deportivos en Valencia

Guía y Calendario de Maratones España y Portugal

Maratón de Valencia


La chapelle Notre-Dame de Méguillaume est une chapelle romane située à Chênedouit, commune déléguée au sein de la commune nouvelle de Putanges-le-Lac du département de l'Orne en région Normandie.

Localisation
La chapelle est située au lieu-dit Le Jardin, dans le village de Méguillaume, paroisse rattachée à celle de Chênedouit en 1822.

Historique
Datée de la fin du  siècle, remaniée au  avec l'ajout d'un clocher, puis au  siècle avec la reconstruction du clocher, et le réaménagement intérieur. Elle possède encore sa charpente à chevrons formant fermes, ses principaux percements et des décors peints du  siècle, rares dans cette région où la majorité des églises ont été rebâties au  siècle.

Les décors peints du  siècle, ont été mis au jour en août 2013. La restauration de l'église est prévue fin 2015. Cette église était autrefois dédiée à Saint-Sébastien.

L'édifice est inscrit au titre des monuments historiques depuis le .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des monuments historiques de l'Orne

Liens externes

 Chapelle Notre-Dame de Méguillaume

Église monument historique dans l'Orne
Monument historique inscrit en 2021
Patrimoine du XVIe siècle
Meguillaume, Notre-Dame
Meguillaume

Chapelle Notre-Dame de Méguillaume


La Coupe des Pays-Bas de football 2000-2001, nommée la KNVB beker, est la  édition de la Coupe des Pays-Bas. La finale se joue le 24 mai 2001 au stade De Kuip à Rotterdam.

Le club vainqueur de la coupe est qualifié pour le premier tour de la Coupe UEFA 2001-2002.

Finale
Le FC Twente gagne la finale contre le PSV Eindhoven et remporte son deuxième titre. La rencontre s'achève sur le score de 0 à 0 après la prolongation. Lors de la séance des tirs au but, après trois tirs pour chaque équipe le PSV mène 3 à 1, John de Jong rate le pénalty qui aurait pu donner la victoire au PSV, mais les tireurs suivants de Twente marquent et les deux tireurs du PSV ratent également. Twente l'emporte 4 à 3.

Notes et références

Lien externe
 tous les résultats de la Coupe 2000-01 sur rsssf.com

2000-2001
Pays-Bas
Football
Football


ඉස්ලාම් දහමට අනුව දෙවියන් යනු සත්‍ය වූ ශ්‍රේෂඨ වු පුද්ගලයා වන අතර, සර්වබලධාරි ලෝකයේ මැවුම්කාරයන් සහ ලෝකය පවත්වා ගැනීම හා නියම කිරීම සම්බන්ධයෙන් අගතැන් පත් වු ද විශ්වයේම විනිශ්චයකාර බලවේගය ද වේ. ඉස්ලාම් දහමට අනුව දෙවියන්ට ඒකිය භාවයක් ලබා දේ. හෙතෙම අසමසම, ඒකීය, සර්ව අනුකම්පා සහගත හා සර්වඥ වේ. ඉස්ලාම් සම්ප්‍රදායට අනුව දෙවියන්ට නාම 99 ක් ඇති අතර සැම නාමයකින්ම උන්වහන්සේ සතු විශේෂ ලක්ෂණයක් ගැන කියවේ. මේ සියළු නාමයන් ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨ වු අල්ලාහ් වෙනුවෙන් යෙදේ. මේ නාමයන් 99 අතරින් වඩාත් ප්‍රචලිත නාමය වනුයේ සර්ව අනුකම්පා සහගත සහ සර්ව මෛත්‍රි සහගත යන නාමයන්ය.

කුරානයට අනුව දෙවියන් වහන්සේ අනුකම්පා සහගත වේ. විශ්වය මැවීම හා සැකසිම එලෙස දෙවියන් විසින් අනුකම්පා සහගතව කරන ලද්දක් සේ සැලකේ. එම නිසා සියලු සත්ත්වයන් ඔහුගේ ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨත්වය උදෙසා යාඥා කරමින් දෙවියන්ගේ ඒකීයත්වය උදෙසා සාක්ෂි දැරිය යුතුය. ඉස්ලාමික ඉගැන්වීම් අනුව දෙවියන් සැමතැනම සිටින අතර කිසිම ස්ථානයක දෙවියන් උපත ලබා නැත. කුරානට අනුව කිසිම දර්ශනයකට ඔහු ගෝචර නොවේ. ඔහුගේ දර්ශනයට සැවොම ගෝචර වේ. ඔහු සියලු දේ හා බැදුණත් ඔහුගේ බලය තේරුම් ගැනීමට අපහසුය.

ඉස්ලාම් දහමට අනුව දෙවියන් මහෝත්තම හා ස්වෛරි වන අතර කුරානයට අනුව මිනිසාගේ කිරීටක ධමනියට වඩා මිනිසාට ළංවේ. හෙතෙම අසරණ බවට පත්වු ඔහුගේ උපකාර ලැබිය යුතු අය වෙනුවෙන් ප්‍රතිචාර දක්වයි. ඒ සියල්ලට වඩා ඔහු මනුෂ්‍යත්වය නිසි මාර්ගයේ ගෙනියයි.

ඉස්ලාම් දහමට අනුව අනෙකුත්  අබ්‍රාහ්මික ලබ්ධිකයින් විසින්ද නමස්කාර කරනු ලබනුයේ තමන් විසින් වදින දෙවියන්ටම ය. මෙයට කිතුණුවන් හා යුදෙව්වන් ද අයත් වේ.

ඉස්ලාම් ධර්මයෙහි දෙවියන්වහන්සේගේ උපලක්ෂණ

ශුද්ධ වූ අල් කුර් - ආනයේ දෙවියන්‍වහන්සේගේ උපලක්ෂණ හඳුන්වනු ලබන්නේ 'දෙවියන්වහන්සේගේ විචිත්‍රවත් නාමයන්' ලෙසයි. ගර්හාඩ් බොවරින්ට අනුව ඒවා සම්ප්‍රදායානුකූලව ගණනය කළවිට  99 ක් වන අතර, එයට අල්ලාහ් ගේ උත්තරීතරම නාමය වන අල් ඉස්ම් අල් - අසාම් ද අයත් වේ. අල් කුර් - ආනයේ විවරණ සාහිත්‍යයේ දේව නාමයන් ලැයිස්තුගත කිරීමේ කුර් - ආන ප්‍රකාශය 17:110 දෙවියන් වහ්නසේ අමතන්න, එසේත් නැතිනම් අනුකම්පා සහගත වූවෝ අමතන්න, ඔබ කා හට ඇමතුවද, විචිත්‍රවත්ම නාමයන් හිමිවන්නේ ඔහුටය ලෙස දැක්විය හැක. තවද 59:22:24 හි ද දෙවියන්වහන්සේගේ ගෞරව නාම දොළසකට වැඩියෙන් අඩංගු වේ. දෙවියන්වහන්සේගේ විචිත්‍රවත් නාමයට පහත දැක්වෙන දේ ඇතුළත් වේ.

-	අතිශයින්ම කරුණාහරිත

-	අතිශයින්ම  අනුකම්පා සහගත

-	නිරතුරුවම කමා කරන්නා

-	නිරතුරුවම සපයන්නා

-	ලෝකයන්ගේ අධිපති සහ පෝෂකයා

-	ස්වයං යැපෙන්නා (සියලුම ජිවින් පෝෂණය සඳහා යැපෙන්නේ ඔහු මතය)

-	සර්වකාලීන අධිපති (සදා නොමැරෙන්නා)

-	උත්තරීතරව ප්‍රඥාවන්තයා

ඉස්ලාමීය දේව ධර්මය දෙවියන්වහන්සේගේ උපලක්ෂණ සහ දිව්‍ය හරය යන දෙක අතර පැහැදිලි වෙනසක් පෙන්වා දෙයි.

ඉස්ලාම් හි දෙවියන් හා ආගම් අතර සැසඳීමක්

ඉස්ලාම් දෙවියන් හට සහකරුවන් හෝ මිත්‍රයන් නොසිටියේය. එමෙන්ම දෙවියන් සහ (Jinn) අතර ඥාතීත්වයක් නොතිබුණු බව ද පැවසේ. එය ඉස්ලාමයට පෙර අරාබි සංකල්පය හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම අතර ඇති වෙනසකි. ඉස්ලාමයට පෙර අශිෂ්ට අරාබිවරුන් විශ්වාස කළේ අන්ධ, බලවත්, අනුකම්පා රහිත, සිහිසන් නැති මිනිසුන්ට පාලනයක් නොමැති බලවේගයක් පිළිබඳවය. මෙම සංකල්පය ඉස්ලාමිය මතය වු "බලවත් නමුදු දුරදර්ශි හා අනුකම්පා සහිත දෙවියකුගෙත් "ප්‍රතිස්ථාපනයට හේතු විය.

ඉස්ලාම් හි දෙවියන් සහ යුදෙව් ආගමේ දෙවියන්

මොහම්මද් (Mohammad) සහ ඔහුගේ පිරිවරද අදහන්නේ යුදෙව්වන් අදහන දෙවියන්ම බව මුස්ලිම්වරුන්ගේ විශ්වාසයයි. Fromis edoodo peters විසින් කුරානයේ දැක්වෙන බවට පෙන්වා දෙන්නේද, ඉතිහාසඥයන් ස්ථිර කරනුයේද ඉහත සඳහන් කාරණයමයි. (කුරානය 29:46). මොහු  කුරානයේ අල්ලා (Allan) මැවුම්කාර දෙවියන් වන  Abraham සමඟ සම්මුතියට එක් වු දෙවියන්ට සමානය.  Peters පවසන්නේ කුරානයේ  Allan නිරූපණය කෙරෙන්නේ  Jahweb ට වඩා බලවත් හා වෙනස් අයුරිනි. තවද Allan විශ්වයේ දෙවියන් බවට ද, Yahweh දෙවියන්ව ආදි හිබෲ ජාතිකයන් අදහන බව ද සැලකේ. Encyclopedia Britannica  අනුව, කුරානයේ දෙවියන් "Loves those who do good" සහ තවද කුරානයේ දෙවියා සහ මිනිසා අතර අනෝන්‍ය සෙනෙහසක් ඇති බව ද සැලකේ. නමුදු Judeo-Christia ශික්ෂාපදය වනුයේ "love god with all thy heart" ය. මෙය ඉස්ලාම් ආගමේ කිසිදු තැනකට අදාල නැත. ඉස්ලාම් ආගමේ අවධාරණය යොමු වි ඇත්තේ දෙවියන්ගේ අචින්ත්‍ය ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨත්වය පිළිබඳවය. ඉස්ලාම්හි සාරය වනුයේ "surrender to Allah"යන්නය. (අල්ලාට යටත්වනු)

ඉස්ලාම් හි දෙවියන් සහ ක්‍රිස්තියානි ආගමේ දෙවියන්

ඉස්ලාම් ආගමේ, ක්‍රිස්තියානු ආගමේ එන දෙවියන් යනු එක් සාරයක සිටින පුද්ගලයන් තිදෙනෙකුය යන මතය ප්‍රබල ලෙස ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කෙරේ. ඉස්ලාම් ආගමේ දෙවියන් යන සංකල්පය තුළ දෙවියන් හා මැවීම් අතර අතරමැදියන් නැත. දෙවියන් සෑම තැනම සිටින බව ද නමුදු එක් ශරීරයකවත් ඔහු නොමැති බව ද පැවසේ.

ප්‍රථම හා දෙවන ධර්ම යුද්ධයේදි ඉස්ලාම් ආගම මිත්‍යාදෘෂ්ටික බවට බාහිර ක්‍රිස්තියානුවන් ප්‍රත්‍යක්ෂ කර ගත්හ. ඔවුන් මොහම්මද්(Mohammad) දුටුවේ අමනුෂ්‍යයෙක් හා ව්‍යාජ දෙවියකු වශයෙනි. ක්‍රිස්තියානි ආගමේ සම්ප්‍රදායික ඇදහිල්ල වුයේ මොහම්මද්(Mohammad) ගේ දෙවියන් සත්‍ය දෙවියන්ට සමාන වු බවයි.

Pope Innocent XI ගේ  Ludaica Marriacci පවසන්නේ, මොහම්මද්(Mohammad) සහ ඔහුගේ පිරිවර (සාධාර්මික) දෙවියන් හා ඔහුගේ උපලක්ෂණ පිළිබඳව සත්‍ය හා යෝග්‍ය මත දරා සිටි බවත්  දරමින් සිටින බවත්ය. තවද ඔහු පවසන්නේ  මොහම්මද්(Mohammad) දෙවියන් සත්‍ය දෙවියන්ට වඩා වෙනස් බව සිතනා පුද්ගලයන්ගේ වැරදි පෙන්වා දිමට ගතවන කාලය, නිකරුනේ කාලය නාස්ති කිරීමක් ලෙසය.

පැරණි තෙස්තමේන්තුවේ දෙවියන්ගේ සෙනෙහස පිළිබඳව ද සඳහන්ව ඇත. තම තෙස්තමේන්තුවේ ප්‍රධාන තේමාව වනුයේ දෙවියන්ගේ සෙනෙහස Jeasus තුළින් එවීමයි. ඉස්ලාම් ආගමේ දෙවියන්ගේ සෙනෙහස පිළිඹිඹු වන්නේ දෙවියන්ගේ සංඥා අනුව මිනිසුන්ට සැප පහසුව විසීමට පෘථිවිය නිර්මාණය කිරීමෙනි.  මුස්ලිම්වරුනගේ සම්මත යාතිකාව වනුයේ "දෙවියන් කරුණාවන්ත සහ දෙවියන් අනුකම්පාසහගත" බවය. දෙවියන් ආමන්ත්‍රණය කරනා අලංකාර නම් දෙකක් වනුයේ "බෝහෝ සෙනෙහවත්" සහ "සත්‍ය(constant) දෙන්නා" (wahhab) ය.William Montgomery Watts පවසන්නේ  ක්‍රිස්තියානු ආගම විසින් දෙවියන්ගේ සක්‍රීය භූමිකාවට වඩා වැඩි අවධාණයක් ලබා දෙන බවය. මෙහිදී දෙවියන් යනු නැතිවු බැටළුවන් පසුපස ගොස් ඔවුන් මුදවා ගන්නා එඩේරයෙකු ලෙස ද පෙන්වා දි තිබේ. ඉස්ලාම් ආගමේදි නොමඟ යන්නවුන්ට දි ඇති අපේක්ෂාවන් අවමවේ. වොට්ස්ට අනුව ඉස්ලාම් ආගමේදි දෙවියන් සෑම ජනයාටම අවස්ථාවක් ලබා දී ඇත්තේ උසස් සාර්ථකත්වයක් සඵල කරගැනීමටය. මෙම අවස්ථාව සලසා දී ඇත්තේ පණිවිඩකරුවන් හෝ ශාස්තෘවරුන් ජනයා වෙත එවීමෙනි. ඉස්ලාම් ආගමේ සඳහන් පරිදි  මොහම්මද්(Muhammad) ගේ මැදිහත්විමෙන් මරණ දවස මනාප ලෙස බාර ගැනීමට ජනයාට හැකි බවට මතයක් ඇත. කෙසේ වුවද පව්කරන්නා මෙම ජිවිතයේම තම පව් වලට දඬුවම් ලබන අතර එසේ නොවුවහොත් සිමිත කාලයක් නරකාදියේ දුක් විදිමට සිදුවේ.

ඉස්ලාම් දහමෙහි දෙවියන්


An Eriocaulon abyssinicum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ferdinand von Hochstetter. An Eriocaulon abyssinicum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eriocaulon, ngan familia nga Eriocaulaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eriocaulon

Eriocaulon abyssinicum


Sylvain van Hee, né le  à Mouscron (Belgique) et décédé le  à Woluwe-Saint-Pierre (Bruxelles),  est un prêtre jésuite belge, missionnaire au Congo et évêque (vicaire apostolique) du Kwango de 1928 à 1936.

Biographie
Après des études secondaires au collège épiscopal de Menin, le jeune Sylvain entre dans la Compagnie de Jésus le 23 septembre 1894 et fait son noviciat à Tronchiennes.
Il étudie ensuite la rhétorique à Roehampton (Angleterre) et la philosophie (1898-1901) à Louvain. Après avoir enseigné l'anglais et le néerlandais pendant cinq ans au collège de Mons, il fait les études de théologie (1906-1910) préparatoire au sacerdoce et est ordonné prêtre le , à Louvain. Sa formation spirituelle et intellectuelle se termine avec le Troisième An à Linz en Autriche.

Missionnaire au Congo belge
Le père Van Hee est envoyé au Congo belge où il est assigné à la mission de Kwango : il y arrive le 20 septembre 1911. En poste à Sanda, il entreprend avec beaucoup de détermination son apprentissage dans la vie missionnaire, visitant à cheval tous les villages de la région environnante.

En 1913, après quelque mois passé à la station missionnaire de Kimpako il  est envoyé à la mission de Lemfu. En 1915, il ouvre un nouveau centre missionnaire à Leverville (aujourd'hui Lusanga), où les Lever Brothers' viennent d'établir une usine d'extraction d'huile de palme. Van Hee comprend l'importance économique de l'implantation des « Huileries du Congo belge » et de ce que cela peut apporter au développement de la région.

Tout en supervisant la construction des bâtiments missionnaires (maison des pères, école et chapelle), il parcourt la campagne pour entrer en contact avec ses habitants et les évangéliser. Profitant d'un passage en Belgique, il se rend même en Angleterre pour y rencontrer Lord William H. Lever, propriétaire de la puissante multinationale des 'Lever Brothers' et s'assurer de sa collaboration pour la fondation d'une école professionnelle. En 1924, il obtient et reçoit la collaboration des Sœurs de Sainte-Marie de Namur, qui s'occupent de la population féminine de la mission.

Vicaire apostolique du Kwango
Remarqué comme excellent organisateur le père van Hee est nommé en 1928 'vicaire apostolique de Kwango' avec résidence à Kisantu, succédant au 'Préfet apostolique' Stanislas de Vos. Premier 'vicaire-évêque' il reçoit l'ordination épiscopale des mains de  Van Roey le  de la même année, dans l'église du collège Saint-Michel, à Bruxelles, avec siège titulaire à Possala.
Dès son retour au Congo (19 janvier 1929), il se consacre à l'extension et l'amélioration de l'enseignement scolaire. Comme beaucoup de missionnaires il est persuadé qu'à l'évangélisation est intimement liée la scolarisation, sans laquelle aucun développement n'est vraiment possible.

Cependant le territoire est extrêmement vaste et les fondations de postes missionnaires se multiplient. Aussi est-il amené à piloter la division de son vicariat. Cette division est officialisée en 1931 par la Congrégation de la 'Propaganda Fide'. La partie qui lui est assignée s'appellera le vicariat de Kwango, tandis que l'autre - le vicariat de Kisantu - était confiée à Mgr Alphonse Verwimp.

D'abord installé à Wombali, à l'embouchure du Kwango, il doit remonter à Bandundu (5 km en amont) lorsqu'un ouragan détruisit partiellement cette station missionnaire. La présence de Leverville dans son diocèse et des plantations des « Huileries du Congo belge » employant un grand nombre de personnel le rend particulièrement sensible à l'exploitation de travailleurs. Il a laissé plusieurs écrits à ce sujet et intervient quand nécessaire. Il fut membre d'une commission gouvernementale d'études pour la réforme des méthodes de recrutements.

Démission et retour en Belgique
De faible constitution physique,  van Hee est rapidement usé par le climat, le poids des responsabilités et l'anxiété liée à certaines tensions. Contraint de rentrer en Belgique (4 octobre 1935), il démissionne le , à 61 ans, et passe ses vingt-cinq dernières années au collège Saint-Michel (Bruxelles), où il rend des services pastoraux.

Mgr Sylvain van Hee meurt à Woluwe-Saint-Pierre (Bruxelles) le 25 mars 1960.

Écrits
 Travail et civilisation, dans Revue Missionnaire, vol. 33 (1931), pp. 102-115.
 Rapport sur la mission des PP. Jésuites au Congo, dans Congo, vol.11 (1930), pp.310-319.

Bibliographie
 Anicet N'Teba Mbengi, La mission de la Compagnie de Jésus au Kwilu : contribution à la transformation d'une région congolaise (1901-1954), Rome, Pontificia Università Gregoriana, 2010, 575pp.

Liens externes

Naissance en janvier 1875
Naissance à Mouscron
Décès en mars 1960
Jésuite belge
Missionnaire catholique belge
Évêque belge d'un diocèse étranger
Évêque catholique belge du XXe siècle
Missionnaire catholique belge au Congo belge
Décès à Bruxelles
Décès à 85 ans

Sylvain van Hee


عبد العزيز حمادة، لاعب كرة قدم كويتي سابق، ومدرب كرة قدم كويتي حالي.

مسيرته الكروية

بدأ مسيرته الكروية مع نادي الشباب الكويتي في موسم 1984/1985، وظل معهم حتى موسم 1994/1995، وفي أول موسم له مع نادي السالمية استطاع أن يكون ثاني هدافي الدوري، وقد سجل من نادي السالمية طوال مسيرته الكروية أكثر من 50 هدف، وقد أقيم حفل اعتزاله فيمارس 2001 في مباراة نادي السالمية ونادي العربي الكويتي التي أقيمت في الأسبوع الثالث من الدوري الكويتي تحت رعاية عبد العزيز مبارك الحساوي.

شارك مع منتخب الكويت لكرة القدم في بطولة العرب في عام 1988 في الأردن، ولعب ضمن صفوف منتخب الشباب في بطولة إنجلترا في عام 1987.

مسيرته التدريبية

بدأ بالعمل كمدرب في نادي السالمية في موسم 1999/2000، وكان مساعدا للمدرب، وبعدها استلم تدريب فريق تحت 16 سنة في النادي، 2000/2001 مساعد مدرب فريق 19 سنة، 2001/2002 مساعد مدرب الفريق الأول، 2002/2003 مدرب فريق 19 سنة, 2003/2004 مساعد الفرق الأول, 2004/2006 مساعد مدرب منتخب البراعم منتخب الكويت.، وفي موسم 2006/2007 انتقل إلى نادي القادسية الكويتي وعمل كمساعد للمدرب محمد إبراهيم، واستمر في عمله في موسم 2007/2008 بقيادة المدرب البرتغالي خوسيه أنتونيو غاريدو، 2008/2009 مساعد مدرب منتخب الكويت الأول لغاية الآن.

إنجازاته

إنجازاته كلاعب

 الدوري الكويتي مرتين.
 ثاني الهدافين في الدوري 1994/1995.
 هداف بطولة اندية الخليج 1998/1999 المقامة في جدة.

إنجازاته كمدرب

 الدوري العام 1999/2000
 كأس ولي العهد 2000/2001
 كأس الأمير 2001/2002
 كأس الأمير 2006/2007 والوصول الي دور قبل النهائي الآسيوي لابطال الدوري مع القادسية.
 كأس الاتحاد الكويتي 2007/2008
 المركز الثاني بطولة اندية الخليج مق القادسية 2006/2007.
 ثاني الدوري الكويتي 2007/2008
 المركز الثاني كأس ولي العهد 2007/2008.
 كأس غرب آسيا مع المنتخب الكويتي الأولمبي 2011\2010
 كأس الخليج 20 مع المنتخب الكويت 2011\2010

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم كويتيون
مدربو كرة قدم كويتيون
لاعبو نادي الشباب (الكويت)
لاعبو نادي السالمية

عبد العزيز حمادة


Anti-German () is the generic name applied to a variety of theoretical and political tendencies within the left mainly in Germany and Austria. The Anti-Germans form one of the main camps within the broader Antifa movement, alongside the Anti-Zionist anti-imperialists, after the two currents split between the 1990s and the early 2000s as a result of their diverging views on Israel. The anti-Germans are a fringe movement within the German left: In 2006 Deutsche Welle estimated the number of anti-Germans to be between 500 and 3,000.
The basic standpoint of the anti-Germans includes opposition to German nationalism, a critique of mainstream left anti-capitalist views, which are thought to be simplistic and structurally antisemitic, and a critique of antisemitism, which is considered to be deeply rooted in German cultural history. As a result of this analysis of antisemitism, support for Israel and opposition to Anti-Zionism is a primary unifying factor of the anti-German movement. The critical theory of Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer is often cited by anti-German theorists.

The term does not generally refer to any one specific radical left tendency, but rather a wide variety of distinct currents, ranging from the so-called "hardcore" anti-Germans such as the quarterly journal Bahamas to "softcore" anti-Germans such as the radical left journal Phase 2. Some anti-German ideas have also exerted an influence on the broader radical leftist milieu, such as the monthly magazine konkret and the weekly newspaper Jungle World.

Emergence
The rapid collapse of the German Democratic Republic and the looming reunification of Germany triggered a major crisis within the German Left. The Anti-German tendency first developed in a discussion group known as the Radical Left, which consisted of elements of the German Green Party, Trotskyists, members of the Communist League (Kommunistischer Bund), the journal konkret, and members of Autonome, Libertarian and Anarchist groups, who rejected plans by other segments of Leftist political organisations to join a governing coalition. This circle adopted a position developed by the Kommunistischer Bund, a decidedly pessimistic analysis with regard to the potential for revolutionary change in Germany. Known as the "Fascisation" analysis, this theory held that due to the particularity of German history and development, the endemic crisis of capitalism would lead to a move towards the far right and to a new Fascism.

During an internal debate, representatives of the majority tendency said that the minority current, due to its bleak analysis and unwavering pessimism, might as well just emigrate to the Bahamas. The minority tendency, in an ironic gesture, thus named their discussion organ Bahamas. In 2007 Haaretz described Bahamas as "the leading publication of the hardcore pro-Israel, anti-German communist movement." The phrase Nie wieder Deutschland ("Germany, Never Again"), which became a central anti-German slogan, originated in demonstrations against reunification, the largest of which attracted a crowd of approximately 10,000 people. This early alliance dissipated shortly after the process of reunification was complete.

Development in the 1990s

The notion of a revival of German nationalism and racism as a result of the reunification seemed to confirm itself over the course of the 1990s, as shown by such events as the Rostock-Lichtenhagen riots and a murderous attack on a Turkish family in the West German town of Solingen. This wave of anti-immigrant violence led to tightening of Germany's hitherto liberal asylum laws.

As a result of these conflicts, through the 1990s, small groups and circles associated with Anti-German ideas began to emerge throughout Germany, refining their ideological positions by dissenting from prevailing opinions within the German Left. These positions became particularly prominent within "Anti-fascist" groups. The Gulf War in 1990 consolidated the Anti-German position around a new issue, specifically criticism of the broader Left's failure to side with Israel against rocket attacks launched into civilian areas by the regime of Saddam Hussein. Leading left-wing writers such as Eike Geisel and  criticised the German peace movement for failing to appreciate the threat posed by Ba'athism to left-wing movements through the Middle East, in particular around the Iraqi regime's use of poison gas.

The outbreak of the Second Intifada provided another focal point for the emerging Anti-German movement. While other left-wing analysis identified Israel as an aggressor to the point they were perceived by the Anti-German movement as supporting Islamist groups such as Hamas, the Anti-German camp called for unconditional solidarity with Israel, explicitly Jews and other non-Arab groups native to the region against pan-Arabist ideology. This resulted in leading Anti-German publications including Konkret and Bahamas to draw links between the antisemitism of Islamist groups and the antisemitism of the Nazis, as both groups upheld the extermination of the Jews as central to their politics. This break with other left-wing positions was further intensified by the September 11 attacks on America, with Anti-Germans strongly criticising other leftist positions that claimed that Al-Qaeda's assault on the United States was motivated by anti-imperialist or anti-capitalist resistance against American hegemony, instead claiming that Al-Qaeda and their attacks represented a modern form of fascism that needed to be stringently opposed.

In 1995, the fiftieth anniversary of the bombing of Dresden, anti-Germans praised the bombing on the grounds that so many of the city's civilians had supported Nazism. Kyle James points to this as an example of a shift towards support for the United States that became more pronounced after 9/11. Similar demonstrations are annually held, the slogans "Bomber Harris, do it again!" and "Deutsche Täter sind keine Opfer!" ("German perpetrators are no victims!") have become common.

The 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia was also a focus of opposition for the anti-Germans, as for most of the radical left. Many anti-Germans condemned the war as a repetition of the political constellation of forces during the Second World War, with the Serbs in the role of victim of German imperialism. Some anti-Germans thus issued a call for "unconditional" support for the regime of Slobodan Milošević. The reasons the German government gave to legitimize the war – from an anti-German perspective – marked a turning point in the discourse of governmental history-policy. The war was not justified "despite but because of Auschwitz". This judgment is often combined with the analysis of the genesis of a new national self as the "Aufarbeitungsweltmeister" or "Weltmeister der Vergangenheitsbewältigung" (world champion in dealing with and mastering one's own past evil deeds).

Later Anti-German focal points included the Stop The Bomb Coalition, active in both Germany and Austria, to maintain sanctions against Iranian attempts to obtain nuclear weapons.

Criticisms
The Antideutsche movement in Germany and Austria has been accused of targeting left-wing German Jews and Austrian Jews. According to Haaretz writer Ofri Ilany, "Incensed Germans, some of them descendants of Nazis, don't hesitate to attack Jewish and Israeli left-wingers" and "besmirch Jews" and violate their freedom of expression "under the banner of the struggle against anti-Semitism." Left-wing Austrian-Jewish activist Isabel Frey said that "Jews are fetishized in this pseudo-tolerant way and assumed to have unified interests" by the political mainstream in Austria and Germany. According to Frey, "Jewish leftists are being accused of antisemitism by non-Jewish leftists. To me, these accusations are a way of denigrating our Jewish identities, of saying that we're the "wrong kind" of Jew. I keep asking myself, are these accusations themselves a kind of antisemitism?" Michael Sappir, an Israeli-born German-Jewish anti-Zionist activist affiliated with Jewish-Israeli descent in Leipzig, has said in +972 Magazine that the experience of being an anti-Zionist Jewish leftist in Germany can be disempowering and "very isolating" because the German left is often associated with the Antideutsch movement. According to Sappir, Jewish leftists and other pro-Palestinian voices are marginalized in part because "Antideutsch groups have managed to bully them into silence" and that Jewish leftists "felt very insulted by the idea of calling this struggle 'antisemitic'".

See also

 Henryk Broder
 Egotronic
 Eike Geisel
 Matthias Küntzel
 Andrei Markovits
 Moishe Postone
 Anti-Zionism
 Anti-Japaneseism
 White guilt
 I Apologize campaign
 German collective guilt
 Anti-Palestinianism
 Haavara Agreement

Primary sources
 Harald Bergdorf and Rudolf van Hüllen. Linksextrem – Deutschlands unterschätzte Gefahr? Zwischen Brandanschlag und Bundestagsmandat. Schöningh, Paderborn and others (2011), .

References

Further reading
 "The Anti-Germans" - The Pro-Israel German Left , Simon Erlanger, Jewish Political Studies Review, 2009
 Who are the anti-germans?, Ça Ira, Freiburg May 2007
 The World Turned Upside Down, Mute magazine, 2005
 Statement by the anti-German group sinistra!, Copyriot
 'Jubelperser' for Israel - an article about the Anti-German BAK Shalom within the German party The Left, Jerusalem Post, 2009
 "A Defence: Why We (the anti-Germans) Are Pro Israel"
 Die Antideutsche Ideologie, Robert Kurz, 2003

External links
 Anti-German for Dummies
 Assaf Uni: The good men of Leipzig, Haaretz, January 3, 2007
 Interview with Thomas Becker, a contributor to Bahamas
  Homepage of the group "Initiative Sozialistisches Forum"
  Homepage of the group "Café Critique"

Anarchism in Austria
Anarchism in Germany
Anti-Arabism in Europe

Anti-capitalism
Anti-fascism
Communism in Austria
Communism in Germany
Islamophobia in Germany
Opposition to Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions
Socialism in Austria
Socialism in Germany

Anti-Germans (political current)


3-2-1 Contact is an American science educational television show produced by the Children's Television Workshop (CTW, now known as Sesame Workshop). It aired on PBS from 1980 to 1988 and later ran on Noggin (a joint venture between the CTW and Nickelodeon) from 1999 to 2003. The show teaches scientific principles and their applications. Edward G. Atkins, who was responsible for much of the scientific content of the show, felt that the TV program would not replace a classroom but would encourage viewers to ask questions about the scientific purpose of things.

History

Initial conception
3-2-1 Contact was the brainchild of Samuel Y. Gibbon Jr., who had been the executive producer of the original The Electric Company for the CTW from 1971 to 1977. (Gibbon had left the CTW before Contacts production officially began, though he was still credited as "Senior Consultant".) The show was based on the original concept of The Curiosity Show, an Australian science-based children's educational TV show that had been running since 1972. That program was hosted by Australian scientists Rob Morrison and Deane Hutton, who were consultants to The Children's Television Workshop in the early planning stages of what became 3-2-1 Contact. CTW wanted to make a version using American scientists as presenters, but PBS did not think that middle-aged scientists would engage a young audience (despite the popularity of the format in Australia) and insisted that any science show be hosted/presented by young people. CTW eventually reworked the concept into 3-2-1 Contact.

Seasons production
The first season of 65 programs began airing January 14, 1980, on select PBS member stations; it featured a cast of three college students who socialized and discussed science in an on-campus room known as "the workshop". The show also used brief segments at the beginning of the show featuring a celebrity and/or famous character making a brief scientific statement. Some of the celebrities and/or characters that appeared included Robert Guillaume for "Food/Fuel" week; Sarah Jessica Parker, then performing in the Broadway musical Annie for "Hot/Cold" week; cast members of Eight is Enough for "Crowded/Uncrowded" week; Donny Most and Ron Palillo for "Fast/Slow" week; Billy Barty and Carl Weathers for "Big/Small" week; Tim O'Connor and Felix Silla (and the voice of by Mel Blanc) from Buck Rogers in the 25th Century for "Near/Far" week; Gene Wilder for "Communication" week, Arte Johnson, reprising a character fom Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In for "Growth/Decay" week; Sha Na Na members Jon 'Bowzer' Bauman and Screamin' Scott Simon for "Noisy/Quiet" week; Rita Moreno (who was part of The Electric Company cast for its entire run) for "Forces" week; the Harlem Globetrotters' Meadowlark Lemon and the cast of The White Shadow for "Order/Disorder" week; and Larry Wilcox of CHiPs for "Surfaces" week. The segment ended with a brief visual film similar to the Scanimate animations used on The Electric Company showcasing the big words of the week and their role in science. This season came to an end on April 11, 1980, and continued in reruns (or removed entirely from scheduling on some stations) for the following three years, as funding for additional episodes was not yet sufficient.

When production finally resumed for the second season, which premiered on October 17, 1983, the show presented a more realistic appearance, as the new cast convened in a suburban basement (these segments were shot at Reeves Teletape, which also housed Sesame Street at the time). The celebrity segments were discontinued and the science topic was introduced by a computer cursor which typed out the week's topic and subtopic of the day, replacing the visual films used in the first season. This cast continued until October 18, 1985. Ozzie Alfonso was Contacts new director and Al Hyslop its executive producer.

When the fifth season began on September 22, 1986, a third cast was introduced. However, unlike the previous casts, they did not meet in any specific setting; instead, they appeared in various taped and filmed segments. The show ended after seven seasons and 225 episodes on November 18, 1988, with reruns airing until September 27, 1992. Reruns resumed the next year on commercial television, with All American Television handling syndication.

A frequent segment of the show was The Bloodhound Gang, a series about a group of young detectives who used science to solve crimes. Episodes of the series needed to be run in regular sequence for understandable viewing, as many Bloodhound Gang mysteries were cut among two or three Contact episodes.

International and school versions

For a time in the mid-1980s, the program was co-produced with the French television network FR3 and featured several new French cast members in addition to the American cast. From 1982 to 1983 the program was aired in Spain with dubbed-over versions of the American original broadcasts, and some local add-ons with four Spanish cast members: Sonia Martínez, Luis Bollain, Fernando Rueda, and Marifé Rodríguez. Another Spanish version of the broadcast was aired from 1990 to 1992.

It was reported in 1984 that 3-2-1 Contact had an audience of over 7 million viewers and was broadcast in 26 countries including West Germany, France, Italy, and Spain making their own dubbed-over versions.

From September 1, 1991, to May 1, 1992, an edited version titled 3-2-1 Classroom Contact was produced, specifically for in-school viewing. It was hosted by either Stephanie Yu, Z. Wright, or both and used previously aired segments from the past series.

Broadcasters wanted children and schools to record and replay the episodes without being afraid of infringement of copyright violations.

Hosts

 Liz Moses as Lisa (1980)
 Leon W. Grant as Marc (1980)
 Ginny Ortiz as Trini (1980)
 Liz Gorcey as Jackie (field segments, 1983)
 Kelly Pino as Kathy (1983–85)
 Frank Gomez as Miguel (1983–86)
 Benjamin H. Carlin as Paco (1983–86)
 Judy Leak as Robin (1983–86)
 Manny Mendiola as Diego (1985–86)
 Tannis Vallely as Mary (1985–86)
 Candida Romero as Monique (1986)
 Abigael Maryan as Chantal (1986)
 Ericka Pazcoguin as Maggie (1986–87)And as themselves:
 Mary Lopez (1986)
 David Drach (1986–87)
 David Quinn (1986–88)
 Debra Allison Shapiro (1986–88)
 Todd A. Rolle (1986–88)
 Hopey Fitzpatrick (1987–88)
 Stephanie Yu (1987–88)
 Z. Wright (1987–88)
 Dennis Weaver (1987–88)

Episodes
Season 1 (1980)
Noisy/Quiet: Production & Processing of Sound (January 14, 1980)
Noisy/Quiet: The Ear (January 15, 1980)
Noisy/Quiet: How People & Animals Use Sound (January 16, 1980)
Noisy/Quiet: Music (January 17, 1980)
Noisy/Quiet: Range of Vibrations (January 18, 1980)
Hot/Cold: People's Temperatures (January 21, 1980)
Hot/Cold: Animal and Plant Adaptations (January 22, 1980)
Hot/Cold: How Hot or Cold Can (January 23, 1980)
Hot/Cold: Heat and Work (January 24, 1980)
Hot Cold: Temperatures on Earth/In Space (January 25, 1980)
Fast/Slow: Speed Up, Slow Down (January 28, 1980)
Fast/Slow: Rhythms of Nature (January 29, 1980)
Fast/Slow: Lifetimes (January 30, 1980)
Fast/Slow: Speed and Racing (January 31, 1980)
Fast/Slow: Time and Time Again (February 1, 1980)
Food/Fuel: Animal Food (February 4, 1980)
Food/Fuel: Human Food (February 5, 1980)
Food/Fuel: Growing and Processing Food (February 6, 1980)
Food/Fuel: Fueling Machines (February 7, 1980)
Food/Fuel: The Sun Makes Everything Go (February 8, 1980)
Crowded/Uncrowded: Human Crowding (February 11, 1980)
Crowded/Uncrowded: Optimum Populations in Nature (February 12, 1980)
Crowded/Uncrowded: Contrasts in Densities of Materials (February 13, 1980)
Crowded/Uncrowded: Liquids & Solids (February 14, 1980)
Crowded/Uncrowded: Human Survival/Controlling Densities (February 15, 1980)
Light/Dark: The Sun (February 18, 1980)
Light/Dark: Adaptation of Plants/Animals (February 19, 1980)
Light/Dark: Electromagnetic Spectrum (February 20, 1980)
Light/Dark: The Eye (February 21, 1980)
Light/Dark: Light Sources (February 22, 1980)
Big/Small: Animal Sizes/Scaling (February 25, 1980)
Big/Small: Animal Habitats (February 26, 1980)
Big/Small: Dinosaurs (February 27, 1980)
Big/Small: Volume & Efficiency (February 28, 1980)
Big/Small: How Big is Big? (February 29, 1980)
Near/Far: Seeing Isn't Always (March 3, 1980)
Near/Far: Mapping and Navigating Near Home (March 4, 1980)
Near/Far: Mapping and Navigating Over Earth (March 5, 1980)
Near/Far: Space Travel (March 6, 1980)
Near/Far: Knowing Where You Are (March 7, 1980)
Growth/Decay: Sex and Seeds (March 10, 1980)
Growth/Decay: Human Growth (March 11, 1980)
Growth/Decay: Decay (March 12, 1980)
Growth/Decay: Human Cultures/Land Forms (March 13, 1980)
Growth/Decay: Cycles Upon Cycles (March 14, 1980)
Communication: Human Communication (March 17, 1980)
Communication: Animal Communication (March 18, 1980)
Communication: Machinery of Communication (March 19, 1980)
Communication with Other Species (March 20, 1980)
Communication: Feedback (March 21, 1980)
Forces and Motion (March 24, 1980)
Forces and Fields (March 25, 1980)
Forces: Buoyancy and Gravity (March 26, 1980)
Forces and Machines (March 27, 1980)
Forces: A Spectacle of Forces (March 28, 1980)
Order/Disorder: Regular Patterns (March 31, 1980)
Order/Disorder: The Body – An Ordered System (April 1, 1980)
Order/Disorder: Social Order (April 2, 1980)
Order/Disorder: Disordered (April 3, 1980)
Order/Disorder: Sum of Its Parts (April 4, 1980)
Surfaces: Protection (April 7, 1980)
Surfaces: Shapes and Functions at the Surface (April 8, 1980)
Surfaces: Surface Tension and Bubbles (April 9, 1980)
Surfaces: Surface of the Earth (April 10, 1980)
Surfaces: The Atmosphere—Skin of the Earth (April 11, 1980)

Season 2 (1983)
Flight: Flying Animals (October 17, 1983)
Flight: Air Resistance (October 18, 1983)
Flight: Lift (October 19, 1983)
Flight: Thrust (October 20, 1983)
Flight: Acceleration (October 21, 1983)
Sports: Training Analysis (October 24, 1983)
Sports: Time, Rate, Measurement (October 25, 1983)
Sports: Energy Transfer (October 26, 1983)
Sports: Impact Analysis (October 27, 1983)
Sports: Coordination (October 28, 1983)
Survival: Breathing (October 31, 1983)
Survival: Temperature (November 1, 1983)
Survival: Protection (November 2, 1983)
Survival: Energy (November 3, 1983)
Survival: Teamwork (November 4, 1983)
Babies: The Code of Life (November 7, 1983)
Babies: Growth and Development (November 8, 1983)
Babies: Behavior (November 9, 1983)
Babies: Colonization (November 10, 1983)
Babies: Change (November 11, 1983)
Building: Materials (November 14, 1983)
Building: One of a Kind (November 15, 1983)
Building: Standard Parts (November 16, 1983)
Building: Modular (November 17, 1983)
Building: Communication (November 18, 1983)
Shapes in Nature (November 21, 1983)
Shapes and Gravity (November 22, 1983)
Shapes: Streamlining (November 23, 1983)
Shapes: Form and Function (November 24, 1983)
Shapes: Clues (November 25, 1983)
Water: 3 Phases – Gas, Liquid, Solid (November 28, 1983)
Water: Medium for Life (November 29, 1983)
Water and People (November 30, 1983)
Water: Distribution (December 1, 1983)
Water in the Body (December 2, 1983)
Senses: Taste and Smell (December 5, 1983)
Senses: Sight (December 6, 1983)
Senses: Hearing (December 7, 1983)
Senses: Touch (December 8, 1983)
Senses: Special Sensors (December 9, 1983)

Season 3 (1984)
Space: Weightless (October 22, 1984)
Space: Getting There (October 23, 1984)
Space: Living There (October 24, 1984)
Space: Working There (October 25, 1984)
Space: Anybody Out There? (October 26, 1984)
Measurement: How Long? How Far? (October 29, 1984)
Measurement: What's the Area? What's the Volume? (October 30, 1984)
Measurement: How Many? How Much? (October 31, 1984)
Measurement: How Heavy? How Dense? (November 1, 1984)
Measurement: How Fast? How Slow? (November 2, 1984)
Earth is Change (November 5, 1984)
Earth: Maps (November 6, 1984)
Earth: Climate (November 7, 1984)
Earth: Flora and Fauna (November 8, 1984)
Earth: Building Models (November 9, 1984)
Electricity: What is It? (November 12, 1984)
Electricity and Magnetism (November 13, 1984)
Electricity: Where Do We Get It? (November 14, 1984)
Electricity Runs in a Circuit (November 15, 1984)
Electricity: You Are Electric (November 16, 1984)

Season 4 (1985)
"Tropics: Rubber" (September 23, 1985)
"Tropics: Metals" (September 24, 1985)
"Tropics: Rice" (September 25, 1985)
"Tropics: Working Animals – Monkeys and Elephants" (September 26, 1985)
"Tropics: Endangered Animals" (September 27, 1985)
"Light: From the Sun; To Your Eyes" (September 30, 1985)
"Light: Color" (October 1, 1985)
"Light: Eyes" (October 2, 1985)
"Light: How Animals See" (October 3, 1985)
"Light: Bending and Bouncing" (October 4, 1985)
"Farms: Sheep and Pigs – Selective Breeding" (October 7, 1985)
"Farms: Plants and Pigs – Plant Production" (October 8, 1985)
"Farms: Hybrids" (October 9, 1985)
"Farms: Cows and Pigs – Animal Products" (October 10, 1985)
"Farms: Chickens and Pigs – Animal Production" (October 11, 1985)
"Stuff: Metals" (October 14, 1985)
"Stuff: Clay" (October 15, 1985)
"Stuff: Shaping It" (October 16, 1985)
"Stuff: Feathers and Rubber" (October 17, 1985)
"Stuff: Using It" (October 18, 1985)

Season 5 (1986)
"Signals: Lingo" (September 22, 1986)
"Signals: Talking Birds, Talking Rooms" (September 23, 1986)
"Signals: Looking for Visual Clues" (September 24, 1986)
"Signals: Getting Them Around" (September 25, 1986)
"Signals: Cracking Codes" (September 26, 1986)
"Oceans: On the Sea" (September 29, 1986)
"Oceans: In the Sea" (September 30, 1986)
"Oceans: From the Sea" (October 1, 1986)
"Oceans: By the Sea" (October 2, 1986)
"Oceans: Of the Sea" (October 3, 1986)
"Motion: What's Up?" (October 6, 1986)
"Motion: Bones" (October 7, 1986)
"Motion: Smashing" (October 8, 1986)
"Motion: Getting a Grip" (October 9, 1986)
"Motion: Heave Ho!" (October 10, 1986)
"Eating: Tooth Detectives" (October 13, 1986)
"Eating: Picky Eaters" (October 14, 1986)
"Eating: Zoo Food" (October 15, 1986)
"Eating: Down the Hatch" (October 16, 1986)
"Eating: Leftovers" (October 17, 1986)

Season 6 (1987)
Japan: Precious Oysters, Rare Salamanders (October 12, 1987)
Japan: Landslide! (October 13, 1987)
Japan: Paper and Kites (October 14, 1987)
Japan: Earthquake! (October 15, 1987)
Japan: Judo and Computers (October 16, 1987)
Detectives: Skin and Bone Detectives (October 19, 1987)
Detectives: Tool and Trash Detectives (October 20, 1987)
Detectives: Wildlife Detectives (October 21, 1987)
Detectives: Dinosaur Detectives (October 22, 1987)
Detectives: Pattern Detectives (October 23, 1987)
Architecture: Raising the Big Top (October 26, 1987)
Architecture: Home (October 27, 1987)
Architecture: Stack It Up (October 28, 1987)
Architecture: Made to Fit (October 29, 1987)
Architecture: Light But Strong (October 30, 1987)
Mammals: Rats and Bats (November 2, 1987)
Mammals: Keeping Warm (November 3, 1987)
Mammals: Live Birth, Warm Milk (November 4, 1987)
Mammals at Play (November 5, 1987)
Big Mammals: The High Cost of Living (November 6, 1987)
Modeling: Things on Wheels (November 9, 1987)
Modeling: Through Ice and Air (November 10, 1987)
Modeling: The Earth (November 11, 1987)
Modeling: Knees and Small Things (November 12, 1987)
Modeling: Spaces (November 13, 1987)
In the Air: Finding Your Way (November 16, 1987)
In the Air: Drifting with the Wind (November 17, 1987)
In the Air: Born to Fly (November 18, 1987)
In the Air: Fat Things That Fly (November 19, 1987)
In the Air: Unbelievable Flying Objects (November 20, 1987)

Season 7 (1988)
Antarctica: Getting There (October 10, 1988)
Antarctica: Getting Around (October 11, 1988)
Antarctica: Life On The Edge (October 12, 1988)
Antarctica: Life Under The Ice (October 13, 1988)
Antarctica: The Desert Continent (October 14, 1988)
Your Body: Twins (October 17, 1988)
Your Body: Having a Baby (October 18, 1988)
Your Body: Sleep (October 19, 1988)
Your Body: Spinning (October 20, 1988)
Your Body: Your Health (October 21, 1988)
Australia: Platypus & Echidna (October 24, 1988)
Australia: Moths & Beetles (October 25, 1988)
Australia: Emu & Kookaburra (October 26, 1988)
Australia: Koalas (October 27, 1988)
Australia: Kangaroos (October 28, 1988)
Structures: Bubble, Bubble (October 31, 1988)
Structures: Pipes and Reeds (November 1, 1988)
Structures: Chaos and Computers (November 2, 1988)
Structures: Running Robots (November 3, 1988)
Structures: Suspended in Air (November 4, 1988)
Greece: The Journey Begins (November 7, 1988)
Greece: Under The Ash (November 8, 1988)
Greece: Before History (November 9, 1988)
Greece: Sheep & Cheese (November 10, 1988)
Greece: The Parthenon (November 11, 1988)
Island: Parrot Fish (November 14, 1988)
Island: Lizards (November 15, 1988)
Island: Coral (November 16, 1988)
Island: Flamingos (November 17, 1988)
Island: Conch (November 18, 1988)

3-2-1 Contact Extra
I Have AIDS: A Teenager's Story (April 8, 1989)
The Rotten Truth (January 15, 1990)
You Can't Grow Home Again (September 2, 1990)
Down the Drain (January 14, 1991)
Bottom of the Barrel (February 18, 1991)
Secrets of the Code (August 3, 1991)
A Popular Little Planet (April 22, 1992)
Get Busy: How Kids Can Save the Planet (April 22, 1992)
What Kids Want to Know...About Sex and Growing Up (May 13, 1992)
Brainstorm: The Truth About Your Brain on Drugs (December 14, 1992)

Magazine
Three months before the show premiered, a print magazine of the same name that also focused on science was released. In 1985, the magazine absorbed some of the content of sibling publication Enter (which went out of print that same year), including reader submissions of computer programs written in the BASIC computer language as well as reviews of popular computer programs. The Enter section also contained a new feature called "The Slipped Disk Show", in which a fictional disc jockey answered computer-related questions submitted by readers.

In 1987, the magazine began featuring content from another CTW production, Square One Television. Such content frequently took the form of a two-page comic strip, often parodying a popular show or movie of the time, with a math-related question at the end.

The Bloodhound Gang mysteries also made the leap to the magazine, but they were subsequently replaced with a series entitled The Time Team in September 1990. These stories found teenage characters Sean Nolan and Jenny Lopez traveling to different time periods in the past and future. Their surroundings and personal encounters were described with great detail, educating readers as to the customs of various cultures throughout history, and – on trips to the future – often pushing present day hot-button issues. For example, a 1993 story saw the duo traveling to what appeared to be a prehistoric forest, but near the end, they found a Brazil flag, a newspaper clipping from 1995, and a bulldozer at work: this was in fact a Brazilian rainforest being levelled.

In 1996, The Time Team was replaced by a comic serial, Cosmic Crew''', which focused on the adventures of a group of teenagers and their robot butler in space. Their first story arc (which ran for more than a year) had them trying to figure out a series of riddles relating to places in the solar system in order to claim a treasure (which turned out to be a scholarship fund). Another story arc had a delinquent (who had been a villain in the first arc) join them in order to chase down a gang of other delinquents. Despite being effectively replaced, a few Time Team stories were run whenever there were gaps between installments of Cosmic Crew.

Many of the magazine's cover stories involved current events, such as 1990s oil fires in the Middle East. In addition, the magazine offered a games section in which most of the games were related to the stories in the issue.

In 1996, CTW presumably concluded that faithful readers from the late 1980s and early 1990s had long since moved on, and the magazine began to reprint non-time-sensitive stories from years past. For example, a 1991 article on the geography of the Galápagos Islands – a subject relatively unchanging due to the islands' well-enforced ecologically protected status – could very well re-appear in an identical format a half a decade later.

Under Children's Television Workshop (now known as Sesame Workshop), the magazine later became Contact Kids'', removing the original reference to the television show. Production of the magazine was suspended indefinitely in 2001.

References

External links

1980 American television series debuts
1988 American television series endings
1980s American children's television series
American children's education television series
Children's magazines published in the United States
English-language television shows
PBS Kids shows
PBS original programming
Science education television series
Television series by Sesame Workshop
Television shows filmed in New York (state)

3-2-1 Contact


An Aloe branddraaiensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Groenew.. An Aloe branddraaiensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aloe, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Aloe

Aloe branddraaiensis


Dominic Inglot (London,  6. ožujka 1986.) britanski je tenisač i član Britanske Davis Cup reprezentacije. Uglavnom nastupa u parovima, u kojima je nastupio u 16 završnica i osvojio 7 ATP turnira. Zbog svog snažnog servisa nazivan je i Dom the Bomb.

Za Davis Cup reprezentaciju prvi je put zaigrao 2014. godine, kada je u paru s Collinom Flemingom pobijedio američku braću Bryan. Igrao je završnicu kupa 2015. godine protiv Belgije. Kao član pobjedničke ekipe te godine dobio je BBC-ijevu nagradu za momčad godine.

Životopis
Rođen je u Londonu u obitelji kao stariji sin Elizabeth i Andreija Inglota, bivšeg poljskog nogometaša. Ima mlađeg brata Alexa. Tenisom se počeo baviti za pohađanja Srednje škole sv. Benedikta u rodnom Londonu, i kasnije na Sveučilištu Virginia u SAD-u. U srednjoj je školi također igrao odbojku i bio kapetan momčadi.

Glumio je u filmu Wimbeldon iz 2004. godine. Govori engleski i poljski jezik.

Izvori

Britanski tenisači

Dominic Inglot


Nemesia qarthadasht est une espèce d'araignées mygalomorphes de la famille des Nemesiidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce est endémique d'Espagne. Elle se rencontre en Murcie, en Andalousie dans la province d'Almería et en Pays valencien dans la province d'Alicante.

Description
Le mâle holotype mesure  et la femelle paratype , les mâles mesurent de  à  et les femelles de  à

Étymologie
Son nom d'espèce lui a été donné en référence au lieu de sa découverte, Qart Hadasht.

Publication originale
 Calvo, 2021 : « Nemesia qarthadasht sp. n., especie nueva de Nemesia Audouin, 1826 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Nemesiidae) de la Península Ibérica. » Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, , .

Liens externes

Notes et références

Nemesiidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique d'Espagne

Nemesia qarthadasht


Divizia Hamza (în ) este un grup rebel cantonat în nord-vestul Siriei, afiliat Armatei Siriene Libere (ASL), ulterior Armatei Siriene Libere pro-turce, antrenat și echipat de Statele Unite și Turcia ca parte a Programului de Antrenare și Echipare în Siria (PAES).

Istoric
Divizia Hamza a fost inițial înființată în 2013, sub numele de Brigada Hamza, în sudul Guvernoratului Al-Hasaka.

Pe 23 aprilie 2016, 5 grupări ASL din orașul Marea, situat în nordul Guvernoratului Alep, Brigada Hamza, Brigada Dhi Qar, Brigada Tunetul Nordului, Brigada de Rezistență din Marea și Brigada de Operațiuni Speciale, s-au contopit în Divizia Hamza pe baza "interesului de unitate", cu intenția de a lupta împotriva "crimelor și terorii" Statului Islamic și guvernului sirian. Sub comanda Lt. Saif Abu Bakr, dezertor din Armata Siriei, facțiunile au primit sprijin militar de la Coaliția internațională împotriva Statului Islamic.

În iunie 2016, Brigada Tunetul Nordului a primit rachete BGM-71 TOW de la coaliția internațională. În aceeași lună, o grupare turkmenă siriană intitulată Brigada Samarkand, după numele orașului din Uzbekistan, s-a alăturat Diviziei Hamza.

În timpul intervenției militare turce în Războiul Civil Sirian, la sfârșitul lunii august 2016, Divizia Hamza a devenit unul din primele grupuri ale ASL care a intrat în Jarabulus dinspre Karkamıș și a capturat ulterior orașul. Saif Abu Bakr s-a aflat printre cei care au însoțit tancurile turce care au intrat în Jarabulus în dimineața primei zile a operațiunii, ocupând apoi centrul după-amiaza. Ulterior, Abu Bakr s-a adresat într-un discurs locuitorilor din Jarabulus.

Pe 18 octombrie 2016, Brigada Tunetul Nordului, parte a Diviziei Hamza, a emis un ultimatum adresat YPG și Armatei Revoluționarilor, avertizând cele două grupări să părăsească Tell Rifaat în maximum 48 de ore, brigada urmând apoi să atace orașul. Totuși, amenințarea nu a fost dusă la îndeplinire.

Pe 24 septembrie 2017, Divizia Hamza a anunțat deschiderea unei academii militare în orașul al-Bab. Conform lui Abdullah Halawa, comandantul militar al grupării, 2.200 de luptători vor urma două luni de antrenament în academie, cu scopul formării unei "Armate Naționale Siriene" în nordul Siriei.

Conform afirmațiilor proprii, gruparea dispune de 2.200 de oameni înarmați, însă o cifră mai aproape de realitate, avansată în februarie 2017, estima numărul lor la circa 900.

Note

Legături externe
Canalul YouTube al Diviziei Hamza
Contul Twitter al Diviziei Hamza

Armata Siriană Liberă
Fondări în 2013
Facțiuni antiguvernamentale ale Războiului Civil Sirian

Divizia Hamza (Alep)


Biserica de lemn Berevoiești este un monument istoric aflat pe teritoriul orașului Vălenii de Munte. În Repertoriul Arheologic Național, monumentul apare cu codul 131826.03.

Descriere
I. Biserica  de lemn "Sfântul Spiridon" Berevoești se află în localitatea Vălenii de Munte, județul Prahova, pe strada Berevoești, nr. 50, de la care și-a luat numele. Ea a fost mult timp o filială a bisericii Nica Filip. În prezent are statut de parohie, purtând hramul Sfântului Ierarh Spiridon. Jurisdicțional aparține de Arhiepiscopia Bucureștilor și se află pe Lista monumentelor istorice, vol. II, publicată în Monitorul Oficial al României nr. 646 bis/iulie 2004, cod PH-m-A-16832. În sprijinul acestei afirmații stă inscripția existentă pe una din crucile de poartă din perimetrul bisericii, pe care scrie: "S-au ridicat această sfântă cruce în zilele lui Nicolae vodă, de robii lui Dumnezeu Constantin, Dobra, Rada, Bogoslav, Tudora, Dumitru, Musa, Dragomir, Șerban, Maria, Voica, Lazăr la 25 octombrie 7235", adică anul 1726. O altă mențiune a acestui lăcaș de cult este pomelnicul bisericii întocmit de preotul Marcu, care are înregistrări începând cu 3 august 1811. Primul hram al bisericii a fost "Adormirea Maicii Domnului", conform informațiilor din catagrafiile vechi ale lăcașurilor de cult întocmite pentru târgul Vălenii de Munte. În cuprinsul statisticii din anul 1832 s-a notat faptul că moșia bisericii aparținea moșnenilor, preoți fiind atunci popa Marcu și popa Tănase. Este pomenit și țârcovnicul Ioniță, fiul preotului Toma. În catagrafia din 1833 biserica e menționată ca una "din zid".  Se pare că biserica de lemn a fost mai jos, spre albia râului, pe locul actual fiind ridicată o biserică din zid și de lemn. În preajma anului 1840, moșnenii – stăpânitori ai moșiei Berevoești, rămânând fără biserică, au adoptat un procedeu obișnuit, acela de a cumpăra și a remonta o biserică de lemn în locul celei dispărute.

ARHITECTURA
Planul bisericii  este de tip navă cu un turn-clopotniță octogonal, situat deasupra pronaosului. Biserica urmărește împărțirea specifică cultului ortodox:  altar, naos, pronaos și pridvor. Valoarea de patrimoniu a bisericii este dată de faptul că este o construcție tipică din lemn, de pe Valea Teleajenului, specifică zonei, cu structura pereților din bârne orizontale din stejar, cioplite manual și ornamentate în coadă de rândunică. Ea este o dovadă vie a felului în care se realizau construcțiile în secolele XVII-XIX, principalul material folosit fiind lemnul.

PICTURA
Pictura e realizată în tehnica ulei, în stil realist de Gh. Cepoiu, ucenic al pictorului  Gh. Tattarescu, în jurul anului 1920. Pictorul Gh. Cepoiu nu a reușit să decoreze cu pictură întreg ansamblul, rezumându-se doar la altar și partea superioară a altarului (sursa: preotul paroh al bisericii). Cu toate că pictura este acoperită cu depuneri aderente, se poate lectura programul iconografic ce respectă în mare parte tradiția.

"COMORILE" BISERICII
Biserica deține o colecție de cărți, cruci, obiecte de cult și icoane vechi. Crucea sculptată în lemn, îmbrăcată în argint, cu icoana Răstignirea Domnului pe o față, iar pe verso icoana Botezul Domnului este datată 1.09.1853, iar altă cruce nedatată este pictată pe ambele fețe cu icoana  Răstignirea Domnului, având postament cu patru picioare, în interior aflându-se o cutiuță pentru Sfânta Împărtășanie. În clopotniță a fost păstrat un tablou datat 1897, cu numele eroilor din Văleni căzuți în Războiul de Independență. Are cinci nume de eroi înconjurate de lauri, drapelul românesc și un vultur. Cea mai veche carte este un Catavasier în chirilică, apărut, se pare, înainte de 1693. Au fost inventariate cărțile care cuprind Mineie (mineiul este o carte liturgică sau bisericească din ritul bizantin ce conține slujbele sărbătorilor cu dată fixă pentru fiecare lună  a anului bisericesc) din luna ianuarie până în noiembrie, datând din anul 1831, realizate la Tipografia Mănăstirii Neamț, în timpul Mitropolitului Veniamin. O altă colecție  de Mineie din ianuarie până în august este realizată la Tipografia Cărților Bisericești, București, 1893. La aceeași tipografie a fost tipărit un Apostol ce datează din anul 1899, iar o Evanghelie a fost tipărită la Tipografia Sfintei Episcopii a Buzăului, în mai 1836.  Biserica mai deține și o Psaltire cu tipar chirilic ce datează din anul 1841și un Molitfelnic în slavona veche din anul 1836, tipărit la Tipografia Episcopiei Buzăului, în timpul lui Dimitrie Ghica Voievod. O icoană a Maicii Domnului cu Pruncul este datată 1773 și se afla în stare de conservare rea, dar a fost recondiționată, iar o altă icoană – Punerea în mormânt a Domnului, datată 1851 se află în stare bună de conservare. În biserică se păstrează papucul Sfântului Spiridon care își schimbă aspectul an de an, întrucât este singurul sfânt care umblă.

Valoarea arhitecturală de patrimoniu a bisericii este completată de valoarea fragmentelor de pictură originală restaurată în calota naosului și de tipăriturile vechi prin care este atestată dimensiunea  culturală și religioasă a existenței poporului român. Ctitorii bisericii "Sfântul Spiridon" - Berevoești se află înmormântați în biserica din localitatea Berevoești – Argeș. Numele Berevoești se leagă de transhumanță și înaintașii acestei familii s-au stabilit aici, ca urmare a retragerii oierilor spre munte, din cauza înăspririi legilor date împotriva românilor, iar numele lor a reprezentat prima denumire a orașului Vălenii de Munte. Aici, pe drumul oilor, s-au așezat ciobanii, considerând terenul zonă de stabilitate. Mai târziu, oierii au ridicat o biserică, iar așezarea s-a extins și numele s-a schimbat în Săcuieni, de la românii sosiți din Transilvania, adică din Secuime! Într-un hrisov dat de Mircea cel Mare la 1409, pentru o întărire de pământuri, sunt amintiți "… Stan și Radul din Berevoești".  Prin extinderea așezării mai în vale, numele s-a schimbat în Vălenii de Munte. Un alt adevăr este că în jurul localității s-au dezvoltat și alte așezări care au preluat numele satelor de lângă comuna Berevoești. Numele localităților Bughea de Jos, Bughea de Sus, Slănic și Nucșoara este același, atât în județul Prahova, în apropierea orașului Vălenii de Munte, cât și în județul Argeș, în comuna Berevoești. Localitatea Berevoești este reședință a comunei, formată prin comasarea în anul 1968, a fostelor sate Berevoești-Pământeni și Berevoești-Ungureni. În apropierea orașului Vălenii de Munte, în drumul spre localitatea Cheia, se află localități cu denumiri similare, Măneciu-Pământeni și Măneciu-Ungureni.  Un alt element comun este faptul că la biserica din comuna  Berevoești se află un fragment din papucul Sfântului Spiridon, iar la biserica "Sfântul Spiridon" din strada Berevoești, Vălenii de  Munte, se află papucul Sfântului.

În istoria bisericii a existat o perioadă mare (din 1980 până în 2004) în care nu s-au mai oficiat slujbe, cu excepția datei de 12 decembrie, când era hramul bisericii.  Ca urmare, biserica a intrat  într-o stare de degradare accentuată, fiind necesară atât consolidarea ei, cât și conservarea – restaurarea picturii și completarea cu pictură în zonele lipsite de ea. Asupra clădirii, în 2007, s-au  executat lucrări de consolidare a infrastructurii, ocazie cu care au fost înlocuite bârnele inferioare putrezite și reparată paianta pronaosului. În 2005 au fost refăcute tencuielile exterioare. Mobilierul a fost achiziționat în anul 2009.

În urma săpăturilor efectuate, s-au găsit fragmente de ceramică și oseminte care au fost preluate de Muzeul de Arheologie Prahova, în vederea cercetării antropologice. Când se vor restitui, vor fi depuse într-un osuar. Pentru conservarea clopotniței, a acoperișului din lemn al bisericii și al gardului, este necesară ungerea lor cu ulei ars an de an. De asemenea, este necesară înlocuirea unor părți mari din acoperiș, acolo unde șița s-a deteriorat sau a căzut.

Note

 Biserici de lemn din Prahova
Monumente istorice din județul Prahova

Biserica de lemn din Vălenii de Munte


Raoul-Roger Ballet fue un pintor y escultor francés, de la corriente abstracta; nacido el año 1904 en Aix-en-Provence y fallecido el 2004 a los 99 años.

Vida y obras
Realizó esculturas en madera, en talla directa, abordando temas mitológicos. En la pintura fue seguidor de la abstracción. Entre 1929 y 1932, expuso en París en el Salón de Otoño, en el de la Sociedad nacional de las bellas artes y en el de los Independientes .

Trabajó pintando frescos en el castillo de Celon del siglo XV, localizado muy cerca de Argenton.

Falleció a los 99 años en 2004.

Notas y referencias

Bibliografía
 Está incluido en el diccionario de pintores, escultores, dibujantes y grabadores Bénézit.

Enlaces externos

Escultores de Francia del siglo XX
Escultores de Provenza-Alpes-Costa Azul
Pintores de Francia del siglo XX
Pintores abstractos
Nacidos en Aix-en-Provence

Raoul Roger Ballet


Borstel in der Kuhle ist ein Ortsteil der Gemeinde Bispingen in der Lüneburger Heide im Landkreis Heidekreis in Niedersachsen.

Geografie
Die Borsteler Kuhlen bezeichnen eine tief zerklüftete Landschaft östlich von Borstel, die von Gletschern der Eiszeit hier geformt wurde. Die sogenannte "Borsteler Schweiz" bietet besonders reizvolle Heidelandschaften.

Durch den Ort fließt die Brunau, ein 10,3 km langer Nebenfluss der Luhe.

Geschichte
Der Name des Dorfes Borstel leitet sich von "bûrstal" ab, was etwa Hausstelle oder Bauernstelle bedeutet.

Erste urkundliche Erwähnung von Borstel findet sich im Jahr 1193, jedoch ist eine wesentlich ältere Besiedlung durch viele Fundstellen von bronzezeitlichen Grabhügeln in der Umgebung des Ortes als gesichert anzunehmen.

Am 1. März 1974 wurde Borstel in der Kuhle in die Gemeinde Bispingen eingegliedert.

Politik
Ortsvorsteher von Borstel ist Jürgen Fiedler.

Kultur und Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Östlich von Borstel in der Kuhle findet sich ein von Gletschern der Eiszeit zu einer zerklüfteten Berg- und Tallandschaft geformtes Gebiet. Die so entstandene reizvolle Heidefläche nennt sich auch die Borsteler Schweiz.
 In dem Wäldchen oberhalb des Kuhlengebietes befindet sich das Kulturdenkmal eines urgeschichtlichen Grabhügels aus der älteren Bronzezeit zwischen 2000 und 1600 v. Chr., welches mindestens drei Bestattungen enthält.

Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur
Trotz der landwirtschaftlichen Prägung von Borstel existieren von den ursprünglich sieben nur noch zwei bäuerliche Betriebe.

Eine Biogasanlage produziert im Ort alternative Energie. Auf dem Gebiet des Ortes Borstel befinden sich zudem die Autobahnraststätte Brunautal-Ost sowie die Skianlage "Snowdome".

Der Ort, in dem es keine Straßennamen gibt, liegt an der L 212, die von Bispingen (Kernbereich) nach Garstedt und Wulfsen führt. Die A 7 verläuft westlich in zwei Kilometer Entfernung.

Weblinks

 Borstel auf der Webseite von Bispingen

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Landkreis Heidekreis
Ort in der Lüneburger Heide
Ortschaft von Bispingen
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Heidekreis)
Ersterwähnung 1193
Gemeindeauflösung 1974

Borstel in der Kuhle


Brucella este un gen de bacterii Gram-negative, a cărui denumire provine de la numele microbiologului David Bruce (1855–1931). Speciile de Brucella sunt agentul etiologic al bolii denumite bruceloză, care este o antropozoonoză.

Caracteristici
Speciile de Brucella sunt bacterii mici (0,5 - 0,7 µm lățime și 0,6 - 1,5 µm lungime), fără capsulă și imobile. Se prezintă sub formă de cocobacil și sunt facultativ intracelulare.

Note

Bacterii Gram-negative

Brucella


Walter Irving McCoy (* 8. Dezember 1859 in Troy, New York; † 17. Juli 1933 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) war ein US-amerikanischer Jurist und Politiker. Zwischen 1911 und 1914 vertrat er den Bundesstaat New Jersey im US-Repräsentantenhaus; anschließend wurde er Bundesrichter.

Werdegang
Walter McCoy besuchte die öffentlichen Schulen seiner Heimat sowie die Troy Academy. Danach absolvierte er die Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire und das Princeton College. Anschließend studierte er bis 1882 an der Harvard University. Nach einem anschließenden Jurastudium an dieser Universität und seiner 1886 erfolgten Zulassung als Rechtsanwalt begann er in New York City in seinem Beruf zu arbeiten. Zwischen 1893 und 1910 war er als Sachverwalter für die Gemeinde South Orange tätig. Politisch wurde er Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei. In den Jahren 1904 und 1908 war er Delegierter zu den jeweiligen Democratic National Conventions. Außerdem fungierte er im Essex County als stellvertretender Parteivorsitzender.

Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 1910 wurde McCoy im achten Wahlbezirk von New Jersey in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington, D.C. gewählt, wo er am 4. März 1911 die Nachfolge von William H. Wiley antrat. Nach einer Wiederwahl konnte er bis zu seinem Rücktritt am 3. Oktober 1914 im Kongress verbleiben. Ab 1913 vertrat er als Nachfolger von Eugene F. Kinkead den neunten Distrikt seines Staates. Während seiner Zeit im Kongress wurden der 16. und der 17. Verfassungszusatz ratifiziert.

McCoys Rücktritt erfolgte, nachdem er von Präsident Woodrow Wilson zum Richter am Obersten Gerichtshof des Bundesdistrikts ernannt worden war, wo er die Nachfolge von Job Barnard antrat. Von 1918 bis zum Eintritt in den Ruhestand am 8. Dezember 1929 führte er den Vorsitz an diesem Gericht. Bis 1932 lebte Walter McCoy weiterhin in der Bundeshauptstadt; danach zog er nach Cambridge in Massachusetts, wo er am 17. Juli 1933 verstarb.

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für New Jersey
Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei (Vereinigte Staaten)
Richter (United States District Court)
Rechtsanwalt (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1859
Gestorben 1933
Mann

Walter I. McCoy


Güzelvatan, Samsun ilinin Salıpazarı ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 66 km., Salıpazarı ilçesine 26 km. uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 Güzelvatanlıyız Köy Sitesi

Salıpazarı'nın mahalleleri

Güzelvatan, Salıpazarı


Pascal Oliver Nouma (d. 6 Ocak 1972), Kamerun asıllı eski Fransız futbolcudur. Futbola Fransa'da başlayan futbolcu başta Paris Saint-Germain ile kazandığı UEFA Kupa Galipleri Kupası olmak üzere büyük başarılar kazandı. Beşiktaş'ta geçirdiği iki başarılı sezon ile takım tarihine geçen futbolcu, takımının 100. yıl şampiyonluğundan kısa süre önce Fenerbahçe derbisinde yaptığı hareketten dolayı aldığı yedi ay ceza sonrası Beşiktaş ile yollarını ayırdı. Futbol kariyerini İskoçya'da sonlandıran futbolcu, Türkiye ile bağlarını koparmadı ve farklı televizyon programlarında ve filmlerde rol aldı.

Kariyeri

İlk yılları
Kamerun asıllı olan Nouma, futbol kariyerine Paris Saint-Germain'in genç takımında başladı. 1988'de Genç takımla şampiyon olurken, 24 maçta 28 gol attı. 1989-92 arasında PSG'de çok fazla forma şansı bulamadı. 4 Şubat 1990'da Lille ile oynanan lig maçında 44. dakikada oyuna girdi. Takımla görebildiği en büyük başarı, son sezonundaki lig üçüncülüğü oldu. Sadece iki maçta 90 dakika forma giyebildi.

Nouma aynı zamanda genç takımda da forma giyiyordu. 1989'da Gambardella Kupası'nda PSG Genç takımı ikinci olurken, 6 maçta 5 gol atmıştı. 1991'de bu kupayı kazandılar.

Futbolcu, daha sonra Lille ve Caen'de futbol oynadı. 9 Ocak 1992'de ilk golünü Lille forması ile Caen'e penaltıdan kaydetti. Caen'de geçirdiği sezonda ise gol sayısını yediye çıkararak dikkat çekti. O sezon takımın en golcüsü oldu.

Paris Saint-Germain'de ikinci sezonu
1994 yılında tekrar Paris'e döndü. 2 sezon oynadığı PSG'de ilk sezonda bir Coupe de France, bir Coupe de la Ligue, bir Trophée des Champions gördü. Fransa Kupası final maçında 90. dakikada, Lig Kupası final maçında ise 60. dakikada oyuna girdi. Şampiyonlar Ligi'nde yarı finale kaldılar ve Milan'a elendiler.

Sonraki sezona ise 1995 Fransa Süper Kupası'nı kazanarak başladılar. Normal sürede bir gol atan Nouma, penaltılara kalan maçta penaltısını da atmıştı. Sezon sonunda ise dört puan farkla Ligue 1 ikincisi oldular. Ayrıca UEFA Kupa Galipleri Kupası'nın da sahibi oldular. Bu kupa hala PSG'nin tarihindeki en önemli Avrupa Kupası'dır. Nouma, bu turnuvada sekiz maçta üç gol attı. Ancak kupa finalinde yedeklerde oturdu.

Burada da önceki kulüplerinde olduğu gibi oynadığı maçlarda başarılı olmasına rağmen disiplinden uzak yapısı ve istikrarsız olması nedeniyle 1996'da Strasbourg'a transfer oldu.

RC Strasbourg
RC Strasbourg ile ilk sezonunda Fransa Lig Kupası'nı kazandı. Takım tarihinde ilk kez bu kupayı penaltılarla kazanırken, Nouma da ilk penaltı vuruşunu gole çevirdi. O sezon David Zitelli ile beraber takımın gol yollarında etki gösterdi. Ligde ilk sezonunda 14 gol attı. 26 Nisan 1997'de Montpellier HSC'i 4-1 yendikleri maçta takımının bütün gollerini attı.

1997-98 sezonunda ise Gérald Baticle ile takımın en golcü ismiydi. Ligde 8 gol kaydetti.

RC Lens
Daha sonraki durağı 1998 yılının şampiyon RC Lens oldu. Bu sayede Lens ile UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi gruplarında mücadele etti ve altı maçta da forma giydi. Ligde ise 8 maçta gol attı. Sezonun en büyük başarısı Fransa Lig Kupası oldu ve 1999 Fransa Lig Kupası finalinde de forma şansı buldu. Bir sonraki sezon Lens'de oynadığı futbol ile takımını UEFA Kupası yarı finaline kadar çıkaran oyunculardan biri oldu. 11 kupa maçında 6 gol kaydetti. Bunlardan birini yarı final ikinci maçında Arsenal'ye attı. Ligde ise yine 8 gol attı.

Beşiktaş'ta ilk sezonu
2000 yılında Beşiktaş'a transfer oldu. 26 Temmuz 2000'de Levski Sofya ile oynanan Şampiyonlar Ligi ön eleme maçında ilk kez Beşiktaş formasını giyen futbolcu, maçın tek golünü kaydedip Beşiktaş için ilk golünü attı. Ligdeki ilk golünü ise ikinci hafta Antalyaspor'a kaydetti. Nouma'nın ilk sezonu çok başarılı geçti. 24 maçta 18 gol atan futbolcu, Antalyaspor'a bir de hat-trick yaptı. Şampiyonlar Ligi'nde ise 7 maçta 4 gol atan futbolcunun gollerinden biri Beşiktaş'ın Barcelona'yı evinde 3-0 yendiği maçta atıldı.

Öte yandan Nouma, Beşiktaş'ta yarattığı sansasyonlarla da dikkat çekti. 2000-01 sezonunda Şampiyonlar Ligi'nde Marcus Münch ile tartışan Leeds United'lı Danny Mills'e tokat attı ve aldığı sarı karttan sonra teknik direktör Nevio Scala tarafından oyundan alındı. Ancak futbolcu bu maçtan sonra 4 maç oynamama cezası da aldı. Ayrıca Türkiye Kupası yarı finali uzatmalarında Gençlerbirliği ile oynanan maçta kırmızı kart gördü. Ligde de Galatasaray'a 2-0 yenildikleri derbide kırmızı kart gördü. Ayrıca ligde 10 maçta sarı kart gördü.

Marsilya
Sezon sonunda Türkiye'den ayrılan Nouma Fransa'ya geri döndü. 2001-02 sezonunda eski takımı PSG'nin ezeli rakibi Marseille'ya geçti. Ancak eski sezonlarından uzak bir görünüm sergileyen futbolcu 11 maçta sadece 1 golle buluştu.

Beşiktaş'ta ikinci sezonu
Sonraki sezon Beşiktaş'a geri döndü. Beşiktaş'a geri döndüğü 2002-03 sezonundaki ilk maçında İstanbulspor karşılaşmasında 70. dakikada oyuna girdi ve 72. dakikada sarı kart gördü. Beşiktaş 75. dakikada gol attıktan sonra Nouma, rakip takımdan Selçuk Şahin ile sözlü atışmaya girince, 5 dakika içinde 2. sarı kartını görüp, oyundan atıldı. İlk maçlarında oyuna sonradan dahil olan forvet, Kasım-Aralık aylarında oynanan maçlarda sahaya ilk 11'de çıktı. Ligin ikinci yarısının başında tekrar kulübeye dönse de sonlara doğru bir kez daha ilk 11 oyuncusu oldu ve bu dönemde ligdeki gol sayısını arttırdı. Beşiktaş ile UEFA Kupası'nda çeyrek final gördü. Türkiye Kupası'nda da çeyrek finalde Gençlerbirliği'ne elendi. O mücadelede maç boyunca küfürleştiği Tomasz Zdebel'e kafa atıp, kırmızı kartın yanında 3 maç oynamama cezası da aldı.

20 Nisan 2003 günü oynanan Fenerbahçe maçı kendi kariyeri için dönüm noktası oldu. Takımı şampiyonluğa giderken bu maçta Fenerbahçe'ye attığı gol sonrası tribünlere yaptığı Tombala hareketi kamuoyunda tepkiyle karşılandı. Beşiktaş Yönetim Kurulu baskılara dayanamayarak ligin bitimine birkaç hafta kala sözleşmesini feshetti ve şampiyonluk kutlamalarına katılmasına dahi izin verilmedi. Bu hareketi ile ayrıca Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu'ndan 7 ay men cezası aldı.

Beşiktaş'ta iki ayrı sezonda oynadığı 43 lig maçında 22 gole imzasını attı. Topladığı kartlarla da Türkiye'ye gelmiş en agresif yabancı futbolcular arasında yer aldı.

Son yılları
Beşiktaş'tan sonra Katar takımı Al Khor'da bir sezon oynadı. Ligde yedi gol kaydetti. 2004-05 sezonunda İskoç takımı Livingston FC ile sözleşme imzaladı. Ancak sadece 2 maç oynadı. Daha sonra futbolu bıraktı.

Millî takım kariyeri
Caen de oynarken, 1993 Akdeniz Oyunları'nda Fransa millî futbol takımına seçildi. Zinedine Zidane ve Lilian Thuram gibi isimlerle oynadığı turnuvada yarı finalde Türkiye'ye elendiler.

Özel hayatı
Pascal Nouma, saha içindeki davranışlarının yanı sıra, futbol dışı hareketleriyle de dikkat çeken bir figür oldu. Lens'te forma giyerken, UEFA Kupası'nda Vitesse'yi eledikleri maç sonrası, iç çamaşırıyla dolaşmasıyla manşetlere çıkmıştı. Nouma'nın en çok konuşulan hareketi Fenerbahçe'ye attığı golden sonra yaptığı hareket olmuştu. Aynı sezon Kupa'daki Gençlerbirliği maçında

Türkiye kariyerinde eski hocası Nevio Scala ile kavgası, antrenman sırasında tesis duvarına tuvaletini yapması ve gece hayatıyla konuşuldu. Nouma'nın Türkiye kariyerini bitiren olay Fenerbahçe'ye attığı golden sonra elini şortuna sokarak yaptığı gol sevinci oldu. Nouma, menajer Sinan Engin'in antrenmanlarda yaptığı hareketi taklit ettiğini söylemişti. Futbolu bıraktıktan sonra Türkiye'de kopamayan Nouma, Dünyayı Kurtaran Adam'ın Oğlu filminde oynadı. Ayrıca Acun Ilıcalı'nın hazırladığı Devler Ligi turnuvasında da top koşturdu. Daha Sonra da Yok Böyle Dansta 2. oldu. Yine aynı sene Acun Ilıcalı'nın hazırlayıp sunduğu Survivor yarışmasında Nihat Doğan'la olan tartışmasından dolayı elenmek zorunda kaldı.

Nouma'nın eski eşi Celine'den Noah ve Marin isimli 1 kız 1 erkek çocuğu var.

Ayrıca Metro FM'de Kadir Çöpdemir ile Aragaz programını yapmaktadır.

Pascal Nouma Temmuz 2012'de Beşiktaş Kongre üyesi olmuştur. 2017'de Mustafa Topaloğlu ile beraber "DİDİ" reklamlarında oynadı.

 Filmografisi
 Katıldığı yarışmalar
 Yok Böyle Dans (işitme engelliler yararına yapılmıştır.)
 Devler Ligi
 Yok Böyle Dans
 Survivor Ünlüler-Gönüllüler
 Survivor All-Star
 O Ses Türkiye Yılbaşı Özel
 Ben Bilmem Eşim Bilir

 Katıldığı TV programları
 Elin Oğlu

 Oynadığı filmler
 Dünyayı Kurtaran Adam'ın Oğlu (2006)
 Koğuş Akademisi (2013)
 Delisin Delisin (2014)
 Takım: Mahalle Aşkına (2015)
 Aşkın Saati: 19.03 (2023)

 Oynadığı diziler
 Ayrılsak da Beraberiz (1999)
 Yerden Yüksek (2010)
 Poyraz Karayel (2015)
 Şevkat Yerimdar (2017)

 Oynadığı reklamlar
 Rexona (2012)
 Nobir (2015)
 Didi (2017)

 Başarılar
 Paris Saint-Germain Genç (1 Kupa)
 Gambardella Kupası (1): 1991, Final (1): 1989

 Paris Saint-Germain (4 Kupa)
 UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi Yarı finali (1): 1995
 UEFA Kupa Galipleri Kupası (1): 1996
 Ligue 1 İkinci (1): 1996
 Coupe de France (1):1995
 Coupe de la Ligue (1): 1995
 Trophée des Champions (1): 1995

 Strasbourg (1 Kupa)
 Coupe de la Ligue (1): 1996

 Lens (1 Kupa)
 UEFA Kupası Yarı finali (1): 2000
 Coupe de la Ligue (1): 1999

Beşiktaş (2 Kupa)
 Süper Lig (1): 2003
 Atatürk Kupası (1): 2000

 Bireysel
 Beşiktaş'ta bir sezonunda resmi maçlarda en çok gol atan 3.yabancı futbolcu. (2000-01 Sezonu, 22 gol) (Rekor 26 gol ile Mario Gomez'e ait)
 Beşiktaş tarihinde Süper Lig'de bir sezonunda en çok gol atan 3.yabancı futbolcu. (2000-01 Sezonu, 18 gol)' (Demba Ba ile birlikte)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

1972 doğumlular
Seine-Saint-Denis doğumlular
Île-de-France doğumlu sporcular
Fransız futbolcular
Yaşayan insanlar
Süper Lig futbolcuları
Ligue 1 futbolcuları
Fransız televizyon sunucuları
Beşiktaş JK yabancı futbolcuları
Forvet futbolcular
Fransız erkek oyuncular
Fransız gurbetçi futbolcular
Türkiye'deki gurbetçi futbolcular
Türkiye'deki Fransız gurbetçiler
İskoçya'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
İskoçya'daki Fransız gurbetçiler
Katar'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
Katar'daki Fransız gurbetçiler
Paris Saint-Germain FC futbolcuları
Lille OSC futbolcuları
SM Caen futbolcuları
RC Strasbourg futbolcuları
RC Lens futbolcuları
Olympique de Marseille futbolcuları
Scottish Premier League futbolcuları
Kamerun asıllı Fransızlar
Survivor yarışmacıları

Pascal Nouma


Die katholische Pfarrkirche St. Peter und Paul ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Kirchengebäude in Bad Driburg, einer Stadt im Kreis Höxter (Nordrhein-Westfalen).

Geschichte und Architektur
Die Pfarrei wurde um 1258 gegründet, zumindest eine Vorgängerkirche ist bezeugt. Im Dreißigjährigen Krieg wurde die Kirche wiederholt geplündert und fiel 1636 einer großen Feuersbrunst zum Opfer. Der Turm stürzte ein. Die Kirche wurde bis 1676 renoviert. Der Kirchturm und das verfallene nördliche Seitenschiff wurden wieder aufgebaut. Die Kirche erhielt eine barocke Ausstattung. 1823 wurde das südliche Seitenschiff abgerissen und dann erheblich vergrößert als dreijochige Anlage errichtet. 70 Jahre später befand sich die Pfarrkirche in einem schlechten baulichen Zustand. Der Regierungspräsident verfügte wegen Baufälligkeit die Schließung. Ein größerer Neubau an gleicher Stelle wurde geplant.

Die neugotische Hallenkirche wurde von 1895 bis 1896 unter der Leitung von Arnold Güldenpfennig aus Sandsteinquadern gemauert. Beratend zur Seite standen Pater Stephan Beissel und Carl Schäfer. Sie ist mit abgewalmten Quersatteldächern gedeckt. Das Gebäude wurde mit einem ausladenden Querhaus und rechteckigen Chorflankenkapellen ausgestattet. Der Turm mit einer Galerie und  aufgesetzten Ecktürmchen steht an der Westseite. Im lichten Innenraum ruhen Kreuzrippengewölbe auf Rundpfeilern. Die Farbfenster wurden von 1896 bis 1898 von der Kölner Glasmalereiwerkstätte Schneiders & Schmolz angefertigt. Die Ausmalung erfolgte 1909 durch Eduard Goldkuhle. Die Ornamentbahnen wurden 1990 überwiegend ersetzt. Das Gebäude wurde 2008/09 umfassend renoviert. Dazu gehörte die Freilegung und Auffrischung der 100 Jahre zuvor vollendeten Ausmalung.

Ausstattung

Die bauzeitliche Holzausstattung stammt geschlossen aus der Wiedenbrücker Schule.
 Die Altäre, neugotische Schnitzretabel mit Gesprenge, wurden mit Ausnahme des Marienaltars, von Becker und Brockhinke gebaut. Die Reliefs und Figuren stammen von Anton Mormann, sie wurden 2005 gereinigt. Die Stipites wurden vor 1960 verkleinert.
 Der Hochaltar mit Klapptafeln zeigt innen einen Christuszyklus und außen Figuren der Heiligen Bonifatius, Elisabeth, Liborius, Theresia, Petrus und Paulus.
 Der Marienaltar von Heinrich Schweppenstedde wurde mit einer Mondsichelmadonna von Franz Georg Goldkuhle ausgestattet.
 Auf dem Kreuzaltar ist eine Kreuzigung zwischen dem Ungläubigen Thomas und Christi Himmelfahrt dargestellt.
 Eine Pietà aus Stein
 Josephs Tod aus Stein
 Der Taufstein vom 13. Jahrhundert ist noch von der Vorgängerkirche. Er hat die Form eines Pokals, mit einem Fuß in Form eines umgedrehten Würfelkapitells.
 Die Kreuzwegreliefs aus Terrakotta wurde 1867 gebrannt.
 Kanzel, Orgelbühne und -Gehäuse runden die Ausstattung ab.

Orgel
Die ursprüngliche Orgel mit 27 Registern wurde 1898 von Eggert aus Paderborn eingebaut. Bei Umbauten im Jahr 1989 wurde sie auf das originale Klangbild zurückgeführt. Das Instrument hat mechanische Schleifladen bei 31 Registern auf zwei Manualen und Pedal.

 Koppeln: II/I, I/P, II/P

Glocken
1946–1947 wurden Gussstahlglocken in Sekundschlagtonrippe im Turm eingebaut. Diese waren von mäßiger Klangqualität. Aus technischen und musikalischen Gründen erfolgte 2020–21 der Austausch des Geläutes. Neben fünf neu gegossenen Bronzeglocken kamen auch vier gebrauchte Bronzeglocken aus St. Johannes Baptist in  St. Johannes Baptist Leopoldshöhe Kreis Lippe bei Bielefeld zur Verwendung.

Literatur
 Ursula Quednau (Bearb.): Dehio-Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Band II: Westfalen. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / München 2011, ISBN 978-3-422-03114-2, S. 52.

Weblinks

 pr-bad-driburg.de, Geschichte der Kirche (abgerufen am 18. November 2020)

Einzelnachweise

Bad Driburg
Peter Und Paul
Bad Driburg, Peter Und Paul
Bad Driburg, Peter Und Paul
Bad Driburg, Peter Und Paul
Bad Driburg, St. Peter und Paul
Bauwerk in Bad Driburg
Denkmal des Monats in Westfalen-Lippe
Bad Driburg
Religion (Bad Driburg)
Arnold Güldenpfennig

St. Peter und Paul (Bad Driburg)


An Scindapsus officinalis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni William Roxburgh, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Heinrich Wilhelm Schott. An Scindapsus officinalis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Scindapsus, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Scindapsus

Scindapsus officinalis


La tangara o tangará arcoíris, tángara regia o saíra arcoíris (Tangara seledon) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Thraupidae, perteneciente al numeroso género Tangara. Es nativa del sureste de América del Sur.

Distribución y hábitat
Se distribuye por el litoral sureste y sur de Brasil, desde Bahía hasta Río Grande do Sul, hacia el oeste hasta el sur de Mato Grosso do Sul, este de Paraguay y noreste de Argentina (Misiones).

Esta especie es considerada bastante común en sus hábitats naturales: el dosel y los bordes de la mata atlántica y otros bosques húmedos y zonas adyacentes, hasta los 1300 m de altitud. Se le encuentra también en claros arbolados o con arbustos y en huertos y parques de la región.

Descripción

Mide 13,5 cm de longitud y pesa 18 g. Presenta la corona, mejillas y barbilla azul turquesa; la nuca y los lados del cuello son amarillos a verdosos brillantes; la parte superior del dorso y la garganta negras; el lomo y la grupa anaranjados; el pecho y el vientre azul turquesa, con flancos y crissum color verde brillante; las coberteras de las alas son azul violáceo y las plumas de vuelo negras ampliamente bordeadas de verde. La hembra presenta un plumaje más opaco.

Alimentación
Se alimenta de frutas y también de insectos.

Reproducción
Llega a la madurez sexual al año de edad. Construye un nido en forma de cuenco, en el cual la hembra pone de dos a cuatro huevos; los pichones nacen 15 a 17 días después.

Sistemática

Descripción original
La especie T. seledon fue descrita por primera vez por el naturalista alemán Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller en 1776 bajo el nombre científico Tanagra seledon; su localidad tipo es: «Cayena, error, enmendado para Río de Janeiro, Brasil».

Etimología
El nombre genérico femenino Tangara deriva de la palabra en el idioma tupí «tangará», que significa «bailarín» y era utilizado originalmente para designar una variedad de aves de colorido brillante; y el nombre de la especie «seledon» deriva del francés  «céladon»: verde claro.

Taxonomía
Los amplios estudios filogenéticos recientes demuestran que la presente especie es hermana de Tangara fastuosa y que el par formado por ambas se integra a un clado monofilético con Tangara cyanoventris, T. cyanocephala y T. desmaresti. Es monotípica.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Videos, fotos y sonidos de Tangara seledon en eBird.
 Sonidos y mapa de distribución de Tangara seledon en xeno-canto.
 Fotos y sonidos de  Tangara seledon en Wikiaves.

seledon
Aves de América del Sur
Animales descritos en 1776
Taxones descritos por Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller

Tangara seledon