Mein Gott, hilf mir, diese tödliche Liebe zu überleben (også ; , ; dansk: "Min Gud, hjælp mig med at overleve denne dødelige kærlighed"; på engelsk omtalt som Fraternal Kiss), er et graffitimaleri på Berlinmuren af Dmitri Vrubel, et af de mest kendte graffitimalerier på Berlinmuren. Maleriet er skabt i 1990, og viser Leonid Bresjnev og Erich Honecker i en broderlig omfavning, der gengiver et fotografi, der fangede øjeblikket i 1979 under 30-års jubilæet for grundlæggelsen af DDR.

Fotografiet
Fotografiet, som graffitimaleriet er bygget på, blev taget af Régis Bossu i Østberlin den 7. oktober 1979. Leonid Brezhnev besøgte Østtyskland på det tidspunkt for at fejre landets grundlæggelse som kommunistisk nation. Den 5. oktober 1979 underskrev Østtyskland og Sovjetunionen en 10-års aftale om gensidig samarbejde.

I øjeblikket holder Corbis Corporation rettighederne til fotografiet.

Maleriet
Dmitri Vrubel producerede værket i 1990. Sammen med en række andre værker i samme sektion, fortsatte værket med at være udstillet efter at muren blev taget ned. Hærværk og atmosfæriske forhold har dog gradvist ledt til værkets forringelse. Vægmaleriet blev i marts 2009, sammen med en række andre værker, fjernet fra muren så de originale kunstnere kunne genskabe værkerne med mere holdbare malinger. Vrubel blev kommisioneret til at genskabe værket. Han donerede sit honorar på 3000 euro til et socialt kunstprojekt i Berlin-bydelen Marzahn.

Der er en anelse forskel i stilen fra det originale 1990-værk og det genskabte værk fra 2009, og Vrubel har indrømmet tekniske fejl på det originale værk på grund af uerfarenhed ved metoden. Hovedbuskabet på værket ændrede sig dog ikke, selvom berlinerne i dag vil opfatte værket anderledes eller "dårligere". Den største forskel fra det originale og genskabte værk er brugen af linjer og farver, som er blevet forbedret i den genskabte version, og derved giver værket et mere realistisk udtryk.

Fotografen Bossu (hvis fotografi danner baggrund for værket) og kunstneren Vrubel mødtes i 2009 og blev fotograferet sammen den 16. juni med reproduktioner af deres værker.

Kilder og henvisninger

Graffiti
Berlin


Vicente Segrelles (født 9. september 1940 i Barcelona) er en spansk tegneserietegner bedst kendt for fantasyserien El Mercenarin (Øgleridderen). Segrelles letgenkendelige stil placerer sig i fantasygenrens fotorealistiske tradition. Tegningerne i serien er alle oliebaserede, og den lettere sepiamættede farvelægning bidrager til en mørk og mytisk stemning, men også et lettere stift stilistisk udtryk. Serien er på 14 bind, og i Segrelles middelalderunivers støder man på mystiske drageryttere, golde bjerglandskaber og maleriske vold.

Serien blev første gang udgivet af Interpresse i 1983.

Vincent Segrelles var ligeledes forsideillustrator for det italienske science fiction-magasin Urania fra 1988 til 1991.

Tegneserietegnere
Personer fra Barcelona

Vicente Segrelles


Eggs Benedict is a common American breakfast or brunch dish, consisting of two halves of an English muffin, each topped with Canadian bacon, a poached egg, and hollandaise sauce. It was popularized in New York City.

Origin and history
There are conflicting accounts as to the origin of eggs Benedict.

Delmonico's in Lower Manhattan says on its menu that "Eggs Benedict was first created in our ovens in 1860." One of its former chefs, Charles Ranhofer, also published the recipe for Eggs à la Benedick in 1894.

In an interview recorded in the "Talk of the Town" column of The New Yorker in 1942, the year before his death, Lemuel Benedict, a retired Wall Street stock broker, said that he had wandered into the Waldorf Hotel in 1894 and, hoping to find a cure for his morning hangover, ordered "buttered toast, poached eggs, crisp bacon, and a hooker of hollandaise". Oscar Tschirky, the maître d'hôtel, was so impressed with the dish that he put it on the breakfast and luncheon menus but substituted ham for the bacon and a toasted English muffin for the toast.

A later claim to the creation of eggs Benedict was circuitously made by Edward P. Montgomery on behalf of Commodore E. C. Benedict. In 1967 Montgomery wrote a letter to then The New York Times food columnist Craig Claiborne, which included a recipe he said he had received through his uncle, a friend of the commodore. Commodore Benedict's recipe—by way of Montgomery—varies greatly from Ranhofer's version, particularly in the hollandaise sauce preparation—calling for the addition of a "hot, hard-cooked egg and ham mixture".

Variations

Many variations of eggs Benedict exist, involving replacing any component except the egg:
 Avocado toast eggs Benedict – substitutes toast in place of the muffin and adds sliced avocado.
 California eggs Benedict – adds sliced Hass avocado. Variations may include sliced tomato instead of Canadian bacon.
 Eggs Atlantic – substitutes salmon which may be smoked, in place of Canadian bacon.
 Eggs Balmoral – substitutes haggis in place of Canadian bacon.
 Eggs Blackstone – substitutes streaky bacon in place of Canadian bacon and adds a tomato slice.
 Eggs Blanchard – substitutes béchamel sauce in place of Hollandaise.
 Eggs Chesapeake (crab eggs Benedict, crab cakes Benedict) – substitutes a Maryland blue crab cake in place of Canadian bacon.
 Eggs Cochon (eggs cochon de lait) – substitutes pork "debris" (slow roasted pork shredded in its own juices) in place of Canadian bacon, buttermilk biscuit in place of the English muffin. Served in New Orleans restaurants.
 Eggs Florentine – adds spinach, sometimes substituted in place of the Canadian bacon. Older versions of eggs Florentine add spinach to poached or shirred eggs.
 Eggs Hebridean – a Scottish variety, substitutes black pudding in place of the Canadian bacon.
 Eggs Hussarde – substitutes Holland rusks in place of the English muffin and adds Bordelaise sauce.
 Eggs Mornay – substitutes Mornay sauce in place of the Hollandaise.
Eggs Neptune – substitutes crab meat in place of Canadian bacon.
 Eggs Omar (steak Benedict) – substitutes a small steak in place of Canadian bacon and sometimes replaces the Hollandaise with béarnaise.
Eggs Trivette – adds Creole mustard to the Hollandaise and a topping of crayfish.
 Eggs Woodhouse – includes two eggs and artichoke hearts, creamed spinach, bechamel sauce, Iberico ham, black truffle and beluga caviar. The recipe is featured in the book How To Archer, inspired by the television series Archer on FXX.
 Eggs Zenedict – adds toasted scone and peameal bacon smothered in sundried tomato Hollandaise. A specialty of restaurants in the defunct Canadian retail chain Zellers.
 Huevos Benedictos – adds sliced avocado or Mexican chorizo, topped with salsa (such as  or ) and Hollandaise sauce.
 Irish Benedict – substitutes corned beef or Irish bacon in place of Canadian bacon.
 New Jersey Benedict – substitutes Taylor pork roll in place of Canadian bacon.

See also

 List of breakfast foods
 List of brunch foods
 List of egg dishes
 List of foods named after people
 List of regional dishes of the United States

Notes

References

External links

"Was He the Eggman?" An account in The New York Times about Lemuel Benedict and the efforts of Jack Benedict, the son of Lemuel's first cousin, to promote Lemuel's story. Article includes link to an audio slide show.

Egg dishes
American breakfast foods
American cuisine

Eggs Benedict


The III Corps () was a corps of the Finnish Army during the Continuation War, where Finland fought alongside Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union. Formed from the peacetime V Corps and subordinated to the German Army High Command Norway, III Corps fought initially in northern Finland on the flank of the German XXXVI Corps, participating in the Finno-German Operation Arctic Fox. In February 1944, it was moved to the Karelian Isthmus just prior to the launch of the Soviet Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive. Following the Moscow Armistice, III Corps took overall command of the Finnish forces participating in the Lapland War, the removal of German forces from northern Finland.

Mobilization and pre-war plans

While the exact details of the Finno-German planning preceding the Continuation War remain unclear, it is known that on 25 May 1941 Finnish officers participated in negotiations with the Germans in Salzburg regarding plans for a future war with the Soviet Union. According to the plans proposed by the Germans, the Finns would be in charge of operations in the southeast of Finland and east of Lake Ladoga, with overall command of both Finnish and German troops in the area falling under the Finnish commander-in-chief, Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim. In turn, the Finns would subordinate the peacetime V Corps to the headquarters of the German Army of Norway. During follow-up negotiations in Berlin on 26 May, the Finnish general Erik Heinrichs stated that the Army of Norway could expect a Finnish contribution of two divisions, but emphasized that the Finnish forces concentrated in the Salla region would be needed in the south as soon as possible. Forward elements of the German troops began arriving in Finland on 1 June, and further talks followed in Helsinki over the period 3 to 6 June. The participants agreed that the southern border of the Army of Norway's area of operations would be on the line Oulu–Oulujärvi–Lentiira–Belomorsk.

The Finnish mobilization began on 10 June 1941 under the pretext of "additional exercises" (). The Military Districts of Perä-Pohjola and Pohjois-Pohjanmaa called up the 3rd and 6th Divisions, which concentrated in the area between Kajaani and Savukoski under the command of the peacetime V Corps. As arranged in the previous month's discussions, the corps, led by Major General Hjalmar Siilasvuo, was formally subordinated to the headquarters of the German Army of Norway on 15 June. On 18 June, the corps was re-designated as III Corps.

In Northern Finland, 1941–1944

Before the start of the hostilities, the 6th Division was transferred from the III Corps to the German XXXVI Corps. The German plans called for the III Corps, now consisting only of the 3rd Division, to cover the right (southern) flank of the Army of Norway. It was to advance first to the Ukhta–Kestenga line and this movement was to be followed by a continued advance to the Murmansk railroad and Kem. III Corps would be to the south of the German XXXVI Corps, with the unit areas of responsibility defined by the line Kuusamo–Oulanka–Chupa. III Corps thus secured the southern flank of Operation Silver Fox, targeting the capture of Murmansk. Siilasvuo divided the remaining forces of the III Corps into two formations. Group F, consisting of the main body of the 3rd Division, attacked east from Suomussalmi; its initial objective was Voknavolok, from where it was expected to continue towards Ukhta. Group J, formed around one regiment from the 3rd Division, attacked towards , with a follow-on objective of Kestenga. III Corps was ordered to launch its attack on 1 July, at 02:30.

It soon become apparent that III Corps was the only corps-level unit of the Army of Norway making significant progress, and the corps was reinforced with parts of SS Division Nord on 21 July. On 30 July, Adolf Hitler approved a modification to the Germans plans: operations of the two German corps of the Army of Norway were largely halted, and German reinforcements were allocated to support the attack of the III Corps. The main objective of the III Corps was to be the Murmansk railroad in the area of Loukhi. By end of July, SS Division Nord had been subordinated to III Corps in totality. As Siilasvuo did not trust the German officers to lead Finnish forces following their failures in the Salla region, the bulk of the combat strength of SS Division Nord was subordinated to Group J, the Finnish force consisting of a single regiment while the staff of the Division was subordinated into the III Corps HQ. This resulted in tension between the various commanders, as the officers of SS Division Nord viewed the subordination as a humiliation.

By 2 August, Group F had reached the Soviet defensive lines north of Ukhta, but failed to take the town due to strong resistance by the Soviet 54th Division. Renewed attempts in September fared no better. Group J had taken up positions  east of Kestenga after being pushed back by the Soviet 88th Division which had recently arrived in the area. General Siilasvuo reported to Generaloberst Nikolaus von Falkenhorst that III Corps was unable to reach Loukhi, with both sides settling for stationary warfare in the sector. On 14 August, Group J was renamed Division J and Group F as 3rd Division. On the same date, Hitler ordered the attack on Ukhta to be halted, and for Division J, including SS-Division Nord, to go on the defensive. Concurrently with these changes, SS Division Nord was de-subordinated from Division J and was given its own sector alongside Division J's as part of the III Corps's northern group.

By 6 October the situation at the front had improved to a point where von Falkenhorst and Siilasvuo discussed continuing the III Corps's advance towards Loukhi. Due to Hitler's August order, the plan was phrased as III Corp improving its positions. To this end, on 16 October, von Falkenhorst approved a plan to capture "a crossing of a railway and a highway  east of Kestenga", indicating the real purpose of the operation was to cut the Murmansk railroad. The Finnish high command was informed about the operation on 25 October, but nobody informed the German high command, Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW). The operation began on 30 October, with III Corps encircling a Soviet regiment in the first two days. On 9 October, the Army of Norway reported to OKW that two regiments of the Soviet 88th Rifle Division had been virtually destroyed, but Finnish intelligence indicated that Soviets were reinforcing the area with the 186th Rifle Division from Murmansk.

On 5 November, Siilasvuo was informed by the Finnish high command that the attack should be halted for political reasons, and that no additional Finnish reinforcements would be forthcoming despite Siilasvuo's wishes. The United States of America had given the Finnish government a note demanding the attack be stopped. This had caused Finnish President Risto Ryti to express his concern over the operation to Mannerheim. By 11 November, Siilasvuo was actively slowing down the attack by ordering construction of further field fortifications. On the same date, the headquarters of the German Army of Norway received a message from OKW, demanding an explanation for the III Corps's attack. The message also reiterated a previous order for the whole Army of Norway sector to go to a defensive posture. On 17 November, Siilasvuo gave a written order to halt the attack. By December, the fighting in the area had calmed down.

In early 1942, the German forces in northern Finland and Norway were reorganized with the creation of the German Lapland Army (soon renamed the 20th Mountain Army) which took over Army of Norway's responsibilities in northern Finland. As part of this reorganization, III Corps was transferred to the Lapland Army. On 4 July, III Corps was formally transferred back to Finnish command, where it was directly subordinated to the Finnish commander-in-chief Mannerheim, with the German XVIII Corps taking responsibility for the Kestenga area the previous day. The area of Ukhta remained a Finnish responsibility until 22 March 1944, when it was handed to the 20th Mountain Army.

Karelian Isthmus, 1944

In March 1942, Finnish defenses had been reorganized under three large formations named Kannas Group, Maaselkä Group and Aunus Group. After the end of the siege of Leningrad in January 1944, the Finnish high command prepared for a Soviet offensive. As part of these preparations, the Kannas Group, responsible for the Karelian Isthmus (), was split into two corps-level formations on 4 March. The western side of the isthmus became the responsibility of the IV Corps, with the eastern side of the isthmus being handed to the III Corps, the headquarters of which was moved to the area from northern Finland. Following this reorganization, on 6 July, III Corps consisted of the 15th Division, the 19th Brigade and some assets from the 18th Division that mostly acted as part of the commander-in-chief's reserve. The 3rd Division, previously part of the III Corps and recently freed from its frontal duties in the Ukhta area, was subordinated directly to the commander-in-chief as reserve.

On 9 June 1944, the Soviet Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive started with a preparatory attack against the sector of the IV Corps. The main thrust of the offensive, on the Karelian Isthmus, hit the IV Corps sector on 10 June and quickly breached the Finnish main defensive line. By 11 June, IV Corps had been pushed sufficiently far back that the flank of III Corps was endangered. Even after IV Corps had reached the secondary VT-line on 12 June, III Corps was still holding to its part of the original main defensive line. On 13 June, to protect the flank of the corps, the 18th Division was released from the reserve and subordinated to III Corps. Concurrently, preparations were started for a future retreat to the VT-line. By 14 June, the situation of the 15th Division was becoming increasingly untenable, and III Corps was given permission to retreat to the VT-line. The retreat began on the night of 14–15 June, and the bulk of III Corps had reached the secondary defensive line by the end of June 15, with the exception of some forces on the left-most flank on the shore of Lake Ladoga.

The situation on the western Karelian Isthmus continued to deteriorate, and on 16 June Mannerheim ordered the 18th Division to be moved to the Vyborg region to act as his reserve as soon as possible. Given the rapid Soviet advance to the west, the III Corps continued to be in danger of being cut off. In the following days, the corps conducted a series of delaying actions, eventually taking defensive positions along Vuoksi, on the VKT-line. By 20 June, III Corps had created a defensive line consisting of two divisions and a brigade. The front stabilized along the Vuoksi for the rest of the war, and Soviet forces failed to break the VKT-line on the III Corps sector despite several attempts.

After the Continuation War

A ceasefire was agreed in September 1944 between the Soviet Union and Finland, which led to the Moscow Armistice. One of the terms of the armistice required Finland to ensure to ensure the removal of any German forces remaining in Finland. In practice, this meant that unless the German 20th Mountain Army Corps voluntarily retreated from Finland by mid-September, Finnish forces would have to evict them by force. Initially, Germans fell back towards Norway in unofficial cooperation with the Finnish forces. However, following the failure of Operation Tanne Ost, where the German's attempted capture Gogland from Finnish defenders on 14–15 September, as well as a general cessation of any voluntary movement towards Norway, Finno-German cooperation completely broke down.

During the resulting Lapland War, III Corps was moved to northern Finland where it took overall command of all the Finnish forces participating in the fighting against the Germans. The resulting formation consisted of the 3rd, 6th, 11th, 15th divisions, the Armored Division and two brigades. Over the next months, the III Corps slowly pushed the Germans out of Lapland.

As the Finnish Army completed its demobilization by early December, as mandated by the Moscow Armistice, the forces under III Corps were reduced from a peak strength of 75,000 to approximately 12,000 men. On 5 December the corps was re-designated 1st Division, which remained under Siilasvuo's command. As the veterans of the Continuation War were demobilized and replaced by fresh conscripts, this latter part of the Lapland War became known in Finland as the "Children's Crusade". The final stages of the war saw the Germans only occupy a minor area of land in the Karesuvanto region, and the Finnish forces in the area were eventually reduced to a task force consisting of 700 men. The final German forces left Finland on 27 April 1945, signaling the end to the Lapland War.

See also
 Finnish III Corps (Winter War)
 List of Finnish corps in the Continuation War

Notes

References

Continuation War
Military units and formations of Finland in World War II

Finnish III Corps (Continuation War)


El I Campeonato Sudamericano de Voleibol Femenino Sub-16 se celebró del 22 al 25 de noviembre de 2011 en Canelones, Uruguay.

Equipos participantes

Primera fase

Resultados

Fase final

Final 5° y 7° puesto

Resultados

Final 1° y 3° puesto

Resultados

Clasificación general

Campeón
Brasil1º Título

Distinciones individuales

Most Valuable Player
  Drussyla Costa (BRA)

Mejor Ataque
  Ángela Leyva (PER)

Mejor Bloqueo
  Amanda Brock (BRA)

Mejor Servicio
  Rosa Valiente (PER)

Mejor Armadora
  Leidy Manuela Vargas (COL)

Mejor Recepción
  Irene Veracio (ARG)

Mejor Defensa
  Violeta Delgado (PER)

Mejor Líbero
  Luiza Imbuzero (BRA)

Referencias

2011
Voleibol en 2011
Voleibol en Uruguay
Voleibol
Deporte en Canelones
Deporte en Uruguay en 2011
Ciudad de Canelones

Campeonato Sudamericano de Voleibol Femenino Sub-16 de 2011


An Dactylodenia raetica in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Parox, Hans R. Reinhard ngan Willi Jürgen Schrenk. An Dactylodenia raetica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dactylodenia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dactylodenia

Dactylodenia raetica


«La pequeña edad de hielo» es el segundo sencillo del álbum de estudio Absolutamente de Fangoria.

El sencillo fue publicado el 2 de junio de 2009

Video musical

El videoclip de "La pequeña edad de hielo" está basado en la película de Fernando Fernán Gómez "Viaje a ninguna parte", en que un grupo de artistas va viajando de pueblo en pueblo. Se continúa con la estética blanco y negro del sencillo anterior, y en el que se muestran planos de Fangoria viajando en una camioneta para más tarde mostrar a Alaska cantando con un fondo de luces donde se lee "FANGORIA". Aparecen Alaska, Nacho, Topacio Fresh, Andy Lamoure y uno de los gemelos bailarines.

Incluido en
A continuación se muestran los álbumes y formatos oficiales en los que "La pequeña edad de hielo" ha sido incluida.

 2009, CD Absolutamente - (Warner Music)
 2009, LP Absolutamente - (Warner Music)
 2009, CD Maxisingle La pequeña edad de hielo (versión álbum y "Distressor Mix") - (Warner Music)
 2009, CD/DVD Completamente (CD 1, versión álbum; CD2, "Distressor Mix"; DVD, Videoclip y Versión grabada en directo en el FIB 2009) - (DRO)
 2010, CD El paso trascendental del vodevil a la astracanada (CD 2, Vodevil) - (Warner Bros. Records)
 2010, CD/DVD El paso trascendental del vodevil a la astracanada, Edición de Lujo 3 CD y DVD (CD 2, Vodevil; DVD, Videoclip) - (Warner Bros. Records)
 2011, CD/DVD Operación Vodevil (Versión grabada en directo) - (Warner Bros. Records)

Versiones oficiales
A continuación se enlistan las versiones oficiales de la canción:

 Álbum Versión - (3:45)
 Distressor Mix - (7:13)
 Versión editada de El paso trascendental del vodevil a la astracanada - (3:26)
 Versión grabada en directo para "Televisivamente", DVD de Completamente - (4:10)
 Versión grabada en directo para Operación Vodevil - (3:55)

Enlaces externos
 Sitio Web oficial Fangoria
 Carátula del sencillo
 Letra de la canción

Sencillos de Fangoria
Sencillos de 2009
Sencillos de pop
Canciones en español
Canciones de España de 2009

La pequeña edad de hielo


Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) "isotype") that has been found only in mammals. IgE is synthesised by plasma cells. Monomers of IgE consist of two heavy chains (ε chain) and two light chains, with the ε chain containing four Ig-like constant domains (Cε1–Cε4). IgE is thought to be an important part of the immune response against infection by certain parasitic worms, including Schistosoma mansoni, Trichinella spiralis, and Fasciola hepatica. IgE is also utilized during immune defense against certain protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum. IgE may have evolved as a defense to protect against venoms.

IgE also has an essential role in type I hypersensitivity, which manifests in various allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, most types of sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, and specific types of chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis. IgE also plays a pivotal role in responses to allergens, such as: anaphylactic reactions to drugs, bee stings, and antigen preparations used in desensitization immunotherapy.

Although IgE is typically the least abundant isotype—blood serum IgE levels in a normal ("non-atopic") individual are only 0.05% of the Ig concentration, compared to 75% for the IgGs at 10 mg/ml, and are the isotypes responsible for most of the classical adaptive immune response—it is capable of triggering anaphylaxis, one of the most rapid and severe immunological reactions.

Discovery
IgE was simultaneously discovered in 1966 and 1967 by two independent groups: Kimishige Ishizaka and his wife Teruko Ishizaka at the Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital in Denver, Colorado, and by Gunnar Johansson and  in Uppsala, Sweden. Their joint paper was published in April 1969.

Receptors
IgE primes the IgE-mediated allergic response by binding to Fc receptors found on the surface of mast cells and basophils. Fc receptors are also found on eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages and platelets in humans. There are two types of Fcε receptors:
 FcεRI (type I Fcε receptor), the high-affinity IgE receptor
 FcεRII (type II Fcε receptor), also known as CD23, the low-affinity IgE receptor

IgE can upregulate the expression of both types of Fcε receptors. FcεRI is expressed on mast cells, basophils, and the antigen-presenting dendritic cells in both mice and humans. Binding of antigens to IgE already bound by the FcεRI on mast cells causes cross-linking of the bound IgE and the aggregation of the underlying FcεRI, leading to degranulation (the release of mediators) and the secretion of several types of type 2 cytokines like interleukin (IL)-3 and stem cell factor (SCF), which both help the mast cells survive and accumulate in tissue, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33, which in turn activate group 2-innate lymphoid cells (ILC2 or natural helper cells). Basophils share a common haemopoietic progenitor with mast cells; upon the cross-linking of their surface bound IgE by antigens, also release type 2 cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-13, and other inflammatory mediators. The low-affinity receptor (FcεRII) is always expressed on B cells; but IL-4 can induce its expression on the surfaces of macrophages, eosinophils, platelets, and some T cells.

Function

Parasite hypothesis
The IgE isotype has co-evolved with basophils and mast cells in the defence against parasites like helminths (like Schistosoma) but may be also effective in bacterial infections.
Epidemiological research shows that IgE level is increased when infected by Schistosoma mansoni, Necator americanus, and nematodes in humans. It is most likely beneficial in removal of hookworms from the lung.

Toxin hypothesis of allergic disease
In 1981 Margie Profet suggested that allergic reactions have evolved as a last line of defense to protect against venoms. Although controversial at the time, new work supports some of Profet's thoughts on the adaptive role of allergies as a defense against noxious toxins.

In 2013 it emerged that IgE-antibodies play an essential role in acquired resistance to honey bee and Russell's viper venoms. The authors concluded that "a small dose of bee venom conferred immunity to a much larger, fatal dose" and "this kind of venom-specific, IgE-associated, adaptive immune response developed, at least in evolutionary terms, to protect the host against potentially toxic amounts of venom, such as would happen if the animal encountered a whole nest of bees, or in the event of a snakebite". The major allergen of bee venom (phospholipase A2) induces a Th2 immune responses, associated with production of IgE antibodies, which may "increase the resistance of mice to challenge with potentially lethal doses".

Cancer
Although it is not yet well understood, IgE may play an important role in the immune system's recognition of cancer, in which the stimulation of a strong cytotoxic response against cells displaying only small amounts of early cancer markers would be beneficial. If this were the case, anti-IgE treatments such as omalizumab (for allergies) might have some undesirable side effects. However, a recent study, which was performed based on pooled analysis using comprehensive data from 67 phase I to IV clinical trials of omalizumab in various indications, concluded that a causal relationship between omalizumab therapy and malignancy is unlikely.

Role in disease
Atopic individuals can have up to ten times the normal level of IgE in their blood (as do sufferers of hyper-IgE syndrome). However, this may not be a requirement for symptoms to occur as has been seen in asthmatics with normal IgE levels in their blood—recent research has shown that IgE production can occur locally in the nasal mucosa.

IgE that can specifically recognise an allergen (typically this is a protein, such as dust mite Der p 1, cat Fel d 1, grass or ragweed pollen, etc.) has a unique long-lived interaction with its high-affinity receptor FcεRI so that basophils and mast cells, capable of mediating inflammatory reactions, become "primed", ready to release chemicals like histamine, leukotrienes, and certain interleukins. These chemicals cause many of the symptoms we associate with allergy, such as airway constriction in asthma, local inflammation in eczema, increased mucus secretion in allergic rhinitis, and increased vascular permeability, it is presumed, to allow other immune cells to gain access to tissues, but which can lead to a potentially fatal drop in blood pressure as in anaphylaxis.

IgE is known to be elevated in various autoimmune disorders such as SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriasis, and is theorized to be of pathogenetic importance in SLE and RA by eliciting a hypersensitivity reaction.

Regulation of IgE levels through control of B cell differentiation to antibody-secreting plasma cells is thought to involve the "low-affinity" receptor FcεRII, or CD23. CD23 may also allow facilitated antigen presentation, an IgE-dependent mechanism whereby B cells expressing CD23 are able to present allergen to (and stimulate) specific T helper cells, causing the perpetuation of a Th2 response, one of the hallmarks of which is the production of more antibodies.

Role in diagnosis
Diagnosis of allergy is most often done by reviewing a person's medical history and finding a positive result for the presence of allergen specific IgE when conducting a skin or blood test. Specific IgE testing is the proven test for allergy detection; evidence does not show that indiscriminate IgE testing or testing for immunoglobulin G (IgG) can support allergy diagnosis.

Drugs targeting the IgE pathway
Currently, allergic diseases and asthma are usually treated with one or more of the following drugs: (1) antihistamines and antileukotrienes, which antagonize the inflammatory mediators histamine and leukotrienes, (2) local or systemic (oral or injectable) corticosteroids, which suppress a broad spectrum of inflammatory mechanisms, (3) short or long-acting bronchodilators, which relax smooth muscle of constricted airway in asthma, or (4) mast cell stabilizers, which inhibit the degranulation of mast cells that is normally triggered by IgE-binding at FcεRI. Long-term uses of systemic corticosteroids are known to cause many serious side effects and are advisable to avoid, if alternative therapies are available.

IgE, the IgE synthesis pathway, and the IgE-mediated allergic/inflammatory pathway are all important targets in intervening with the pathological processes of allergy, asthma, and other IgE-mediated diseases. The B lymphocyte differentiation and maturation pathway that eventually generate IgE-secreting plasma cells go through the intermediate steps of IgE-expressing B lymphoblasts and involves the interaction with IgE-expressing memory B cells. Tanox, a biotech company based in Houston, Texas, proposed in 1987 that by targeting membrane-bound IgE (mIgE) on B lymphoblast and memory B cells, those cells can be lysed or down-regulated, thus achieving the inhibition of the production of antigen-specific IgE and hence a shift of immune balance toward non-IgE mechanisms. Two approaches targeting the IgE pathway were evolved and both are in active development. In the first approach, the anti-IgE antibody drug omalizumab (trade name Xolair) recognises IgE not bound to its receptors and is used to neutralise or mop-up existing IgE and prevent it from binding to the receptors on mast cells and basophils. Xolair has been approved in many countries for treating severe, persistent allergic asthma. It has also been approved in March 2014 in the European Union and the U. S. for treating chronic spontaneous urticaria, which cannot be adequately treated with H1-antihistamines. In the second approach, antibodies specific for a domain of 52 amino acid residues, referred to as CεmX or M1' (M1 prime), present only on human mIgE on B cells and not on free, soluble IgE, have been prepared and are under clinical development for the treatment of allergy and asthma. An anti-M1' humanized antibody, quilizumab, is in phase IIb clinical trial.

In 2002, researchers at the Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics determined the structure of IgE. Understanding of this structure (which is atypical of other isotypes in that it is highly bent and asymmetric) and of the interaction of IgE with receptor FcεRI will enable development of a new generation of allergy drugs that seek to interfere with the IgE-receptor interaction. It may be possible to design treatments cheaper than monoclonal antibodies (for instance, small molecule drugs) that use a similar approach to inhibit binding of IgE to its receptor.

References

Glycoproteins
Antibodies

Immunoglobulin E


A lifebuoy is a life-saving buoy designed to be thrown to a person in water to provide buoyancy and prevent drowning. Some modern lifebuoys are fitted with one or more seawater-activated lights to aid rescue at night.

Other names
Other names for "lifebuoy" include:
 life preserver
 life ring,
 lifering
 lifesaver
 ring buoy
 donut
 safety wheel
 Perry buoy
 Kisbee ring

Description

The lifebuoy is usually a ring- or horseshoe-shaped personal flotation device with a connecting line allowing the casualty to be pulled to the rescuer in a boat. They are carried by ships and boats and located beside bodies of water and swimming pools. To prevent vandalism, they are protected by fines (up to £5,000 in the United Kingdom) or imprisonment.

In the United States, Coast Guard approved lifebuoys are considered Type IV personal flotation devices. At least one Type IV PFD is required on all vessels 26 feet or more in length.

In the UK the Royal Life Saving Society considers lifebuoys unsuitable for use in swimming pools because throwing one into a busy pool could injure the casualty or other pool users. In these locations, lifebuoys have been superseded by devices such as the torpedo buoy, a low-drag device developed to be towed by lifeguards to those in danger.

Leonardo da Vinci sketched a concept for a safety wheel, as well as for buoyant shoes and balancing sticks for walking on water.

Gallery

See also

References

External links

Rescue equipment
Buoyancy devices

Lifebuoy


Oktay Pop (* 30. März 1988 in İzmit) ist ein türkischer Fußballspieler, der für Hatayspor spielt.

Karriere
Oktay Pop begann mit dem Vereinsfußball in der Jugendabteilung von Kocaelispor und stieg hier im Sommer 2005 mit einem Profivertrag in den Profikader auf. Er debütierte in einem Zweitligaspiel am 6. November 2005 gegen Mardinspor. Er spielte zweieinhalb Jahre sporadisch für die Profimannschaft und war eher Ersatzspieler. Für die Rückrunde der Saison 2007/08 spielte er als Leihgabe beim Drittligisten Lüleburgazspor.

Zur Saison 2008/09 wechselte er zum Drittligisten Mardinspor und spielte hier zwei Spielzeiten durchgängig als Stammspieler.

Zur Saison 2010/11 wechselte er dann samt Ablöse zu Elazığspor und feierte mit diesem Verein zum Saisonende die Meisterschaft der TFF 2. Lig und damit den direkten Aufstieg in die TFF 1. Lig. Auch die Saison 2011/12 etablierte er sich sofort als Leistungsträger seines Teams. Am vorletzten Spieltag schaffte man den sicheren Aufstieg in die Süper Lig.

Zur Saison 2012/13 wechselte er auf Leihbasis zum Zweitligisten TKİ Tavşanlı Linyitspor. Nach Ablauf der Leihfrist kehrte er wieder zu Elazığspor zurück. Jedoch kam er hier aufgrund einer Verletzung nicht mehr zum Einsatz.

In der Winterpause 2013/14 unterschrieb er bis zum Saisonende bei Denizlispor. Als er nach sechs Kurzeinsätzen die Anforderungen nicht erfüllen konnte, wechselte er nach der Saison zurück zu seinem ehemaligen Verein Elazığspor. Aufgrund ausstehender Gehälter aus seiner ersten Zeit bei Elazığspor, verließ er den Verein sofort wieder. Daraufhin unterschrieb Pop beim Drittligisten Hatayspor.

Erfolge
Elazığspor
 Aufstieg in die TFF 1. Lig: 2010/11
 Meister der TFF 2. Lig: 2010/11
 Aufstieg in die Süper Lig: 2011/12

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (Denizlispor)
Fußballspieler (Elazığspor)
Fußballspieler (Hatayspor)
Fußballspieler (Kocaelispor)
Fußballspieler (Lüleburgazspor)
Fußballspieler (Mardinspor)
Fußballspieler (TKİ Tavşanlı Linyitspor)
Türke
Geboren 1988
Mann

Oktay Pop


Sehore (en hindi: सीहोर ) es una localidad de la India, centro administrativo del distrito de Sehore en el estado de Madhya Pradesh.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 499  a 47 km de la capital estatal, Bhopal, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 108 502 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Madhya Pradesh

Sehore


El XIII Campeonato Mundial Junior de Atletismo se desarrolló entre el 19 y 25 de julio de 2010 en la ciudad de Moncton, Canadá. La sede del evento fue el Estadio de Moncton.

Resultados

Masculino

Femenino

Medallero

Referencias

Campeonatos mundiales junior de atletismo
Atletismo en 2010
Atletismo en Canadá
Competiciones deportivas mundiales celebradas en Canadá

Campeonato Mundial Junior de Atletismo de 2010


William James Kempling (-) est un homme politique canadien de l'Ontario. Il est député fédéral Progressiste-conservateur de la circonscription ontarienne de Halton—Wentworth de 1972 à 1979 et de Burlington de 1979 à 1993.

Biographie
Né à Grimsby en Ontario, Kempling participe à Seconde Guerre mondiale en tant que lieutenant de la Royal Air Force stationné en Birmanie. Alors en mission, son avion est abattue et il est fait prisonnier par les Japonais. S'ayant échappé du camp, il est secouru par des soldats Gurkhas qui le ramènent en territoire contrôlé par les Alliés.

Résultats électoraux

Références
William James Kempling, député - Bibliothèque du Parlement

Naissance en février 1921
Naissance à Grimsby (Ontario)
Député fédéral canadien provenant de l'Ontario
Député du Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada
Décès en mai 1996
Décès à 75 ans

Bill Kempling


A B.1.617.1 é uma variante do vírus SARS-CoV-2 em humanos, vírus responsável pela COVID-19. A variante apelidada de variante Kappa pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, teve sua primeira detecção realizada na Índia no final de dezembro de 2020. Em março de 2021, a variante representava mais que a metade das infecções que estavam ocorrendo na Índia, assim sendo colocada como uma variante de interesse pela OMS.

Mutações
A variante Kappa tem três alterações notáveis nas sequências de aminoácidos, todas elas no código da proteína spike do vírus.

As três substituições notáveis são: L452R, E484Q, P681R

 L452R . A substituição na posição 452, uma substituição de leucina por arginina. Essa troca confere uma afinidade mais forte da proteína spike para o receptor ACE2, juntamente com uma capacidade de reconhecimento diminuída do sistema imunológico.
 E484Q . A substituição na posição 484, uma substituição de ácido glutâmico por glutamina. Essa alteração confere à variante maior potencial de ligação à enzima conversora de angiotensina 2, bem como melhor capacidade de evadir o sistema imunológico do hospedeiro.
 P681R . A substituição na posição 681, uma substituição de prolina por arginina.

O Centro Europeu para Prevenção e Controle de Doenças (ECDC) também lista uma quarta mutação de pico de interesse:

 D614G . Esta é uma substituição na posição 614, uma substituição de ácido aspártico por glicina. Outras variantes que possuem a mutação D614G incluem as variantes Beta e Delta, e a mutação está associada a um aumento da infecciosidade.

As duas outras mutações que podem ser encontradas mais perto de qualquer extremidade da região do pico são T95I e Q1071H.

História

Detecção internacional
A variante Kappa foi identificada pela primeira vez na Índia em dezembro de 2020.

Em 11 de maio de 2021, a Atualização Epidemiológica Semanal da OMS relatou 34 países com detecções da subvariante; no entanto, em 25 de maio de 2021, o número de países subiu para 41. Desde 19 de O primeiro parâmetro é necessário, mas foi fornecido incorretamente! de 2021, o Reino Unido detectou um total de 418 casos confirmados da variante SARS-CoV-2 Kappa. Em 6 de junho de 2021, um grupo de 60 casos identificados na cidade australiana de Melbourne foram associados à variante Kappa. De acordo com o GISAID em julho de 2021, a Índia apresentou mais amostras genéticas da variante Kappa do que qualquer outro país.

Transmissão da comunitária
Um relatório técnico do Public Health England, de 22 de abril de 2021, relatou que 119 casos da subvariante foram identificados na Inglaterra, com uma concentração de casos na área de Londres e nas regiões Noroeste e Leste da Inglaterra. Dos 119 casos, 94 tinham uma ligação estabelecida com viagens, 22 casos ainda estavam sob investigação, mas os 3 casos restantes foram identificados como não tendo qualquer ligação conhecida com viagens.

Em 2 de junho, o Guardian relatou que pelo menos 1 em cada 10 dos casos no surto no estado australiano de Victoria foram devido ao contato com estranhos e que a transmissão na comunidade estava envolvida com grupos da variante Kappa. No entanto, o especialista em doenças infecciosas, Professor Greg Dore, disse que a variante Kappa estava se comportando "da mesma forma que vimos antes" em relação a outras variantes na Austrália.

Eficácia da vacina

As vacinas são eficazes contra a variante Kappa, embora em menor grau do que a cepa original. Um estudo conduzido pela Oxford University em junho de 2021 disse que a vacina oxford-astrazeneca e as vacinas pfizer BioNTech foram eficazes contra as variantes delta e Kappa, sugerindo que as vacinas atuais oferecem proteção contra as variantes Kappa e delta, embora com ligeiras reduções na neutralização. A covaxin também foi considerada eficaz contra a variante Lappa b1617.1 (variante mutante dupla), assim como para outras variantes. A vacina covida da Moderna também foi considerada eficaz contra a variante Kappa, com uma redução de 3,3-3,4 vezes na neutralização.

Ver também

 Variantes de SARS-CoV-2

Pandemia de COVID-19 na Índia
Variantes do SARS-CoV-2

B.1.617.1


Bilocate is a dark Oriental metal band from Amman, Jordan, founded in 2002 by Ramzi Essayed, Waseem Essayed and Hani Al Abbadi. The band's style combines doom metal, death metal and black metal with Oriental elements.

History
The band was founded by the brothers Ramzi and Waseem Essayed and their friend Hani Al Abadi, and got started when they were joined by guitarist Baha' Farah, and later by guitarist Rami Haikal. Their first full-length album, Dysphoria, was released in the winter of 2005, and received significant airplay on the local governmental radio station Jordan FM, with a 5-hour show being dedicated to the band and the album on October 27. They released a music video for "2nd War in Heaven." A second video, for "Days of Joy," was produced by Jacknife Video Productions. Bilocate added a new drummer, Ahmad Kloob, in late 2006, and started preparing for a new album.

In July 2008, Sudden Death Syndrome was released, mixed and mastered by Jens Bogren (Opeth, Bloodbath, Katatonia, Paradise Lost, and others). The album received positive reviews from magazines and websites such as  Decibel and Blabbermouth.net. The album was self-released and is now distributed in the United States via The Omega Order, the distribution arm of The End Records. In December 2008, Terrorizer reviewed Sudden Death Syndrome, calling it "a tasteful and sophisticated piece of work that determinedly puts the Jordanian metal scene on the map." The album has led to extensive coverage for the band in the West in the heavy metal media online as well as in print, such as interviews with Terrorizer  and Metal Hammer; the latter praised their "rich, doomy sound" and called Sudden Death Syndrome a "stunning, heartfelt metal album." Metal Storm nominated the album for its Best Doom Metal Album Award; Bilocate's album finished in sixth place (of ten).

Heavy metal music is still controversial in Jordan, as suggested in a brief interview with Terrorizer, December 2008, in which Rami Haikal said, "We have even been told to dissolve the band and to stop publishing our music by any means." In an interview with Metal Hammer, Waseem Essayed said, "We are facing a lot of pressure and a huge rejection from security, religious authorities, and the community." The UAE newspaper The National reported in October 2008, in a series of articles called "Young in the Muslim World," that a Bilocate concert in Jordan was canceled by authorities, "citing unspecified 'security reasons.'"

Band members

Current members
Ramzi Essayed - vocals (2003–present)
Hani Al Abadi - bass (2003–present)
Waseem Essayed - keyboards
Baha Farah - guitars (lead) (2003–present)
Rami Haikal - guitars (rhythm) (2003–present)
Ahmed Kloub - drums (2006–present)

Past members
Ibrahim Al Qaisi - drums (2006)

Session members
Ala' Faraj - guitars (2008–present)

Discography

Albums
 Dysphoria (2005)
 Sudden Death Syndrome (2008)
 Summoning the Bygones (2012)

EP's, Demos and Singles
 Dysphoria (Demo, 2003)

References

Doom metal musical groups
Death metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 2002
Jordanian heavy metal musical groups
2002 establishments in Jordan

Bilocate


Eiji Hanayama (født 21. august 1977) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Urawa Reds og Gamba Osaka.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Eiji Hanayama