John Clement Favalora (5 de dezembro de 1935) é o ex-arcebispo da Arquidiocese Católica Romana de Miami em Miami, Flórida, e agora é o arcebispo emérito. Ele serviu como bispo nas dioceses de Alexandria, Louisiana e São Petersburgo, Flórida. Ele foi nomeado o terceiro arcebispo de Miami em 3 de novembro de 1994 e serviu até junho de 2010. Favalora é um ex-membro do Conselho de Curadores da Universidade Católica da América e atua como membro do Seminário Regional St. Vincent de Paul em Boynton De praia. Ele atua como capelão estadual e membro dos Knights of Columbus na Flórida, além de ser presidente da Conferência Católica da Flórida. Ele é membro dos comitês da USCCB sobre Vida e Ministério Sacerdotal, Abuso Sexual e Questões Pró-Vida.

Educação

Favalora nasceu em New Orleans, Louisiana, onde se formou na Jesuit High School em 1954. Ele estudou para o sacerdócio no St. Joseph Seminary em St. Benedict, Louisiana; Seminário Notre Dame em Nova Orleans; em seguida, a Pontifícia Universidade Gregoriana e o Pontifício Colégio Norte-Americano de Roma, onde foi ordenado em 20 de dezembro de 1961. Antes de sua ordenação sacerdotal, obteve o diploma de bacharel em Filosofia e História.

Depois de retornar à sua diocese natal de Nova Orleans, ele obteve a certificação como professor do ensino médio da Universidade Xavier em Nova Orleans. Posteriormente, ele frequentou a Universidade Católica da América em Washington, D.C., e obteve o título de mestre em educação pela Tulane University em Nova Orleans.

Trabalho pastoral

Favalora serviu 25 anos como sacerdote da Arquidiocese de Nova Orleans, onde trabalhou como pastor, diretor de escola secundária, diretor de vocações e reitor-presidente do Seminário Notre Dame.

Ao retornar a Nova Orleans após sua ordenação, ele serviu como pastor assistente da Igreja de Santa Teresa do Menino Jesus de 1962–70. Além de suas funções em Santa Teresa, Favalora atuou como vice-reitor da Escola Preparatória St. John Vianney em 1964 e, em 1968, foi nomeado diretor. Em 1973, ele começou um período de seis anos como pastor da Igreja de Santa Ângela Merici em Metairie.

Em 1979, foi nomeado Diretor do Departamento de Vocações da Arquidiocese. A partir de 1981, ele foi nomeado Reitor / Presidente do Seminário Notre Dame, cargo que ocupou durante os cinco anos imediatamente anteriores à sua nomeação como Bispo de Alexandria, Louisiana.

Episcopado

Encontro de Favalora em Little Haiti com Joe Biden, Janet Napolitano e Jill Biden em 2010.

O Papa João Paulo II nomeou o Padre Favalora o nono Bispo de Alexandria, Louisiana em 24 de junho de 1986. Ele foi nomeado para preencher a vaga deixada uma semana antes, quando o Bispo Wiliam B. Friend foi nomeado o primeiro Bispo da recém-criada Diocese de Shreveport.

Favalora foi posteriormente consagrado e empossado como Bispo em 29 de julho de 1986 na Catedral de São Francisco Xavier. O arcebispo Pio Laghi serviu como consagrador principal com o arcebispo Philip Hannan e o bispo William Benedict Friend servindo como co-consagradores principais.

Em 14 de março de 1989, Favalora foi nomeado pelo Papa João Paulo II como o terceiro bispo de São Petersburgo, Flórida. Ele foi nomeado para suceder William Thomas Larkin, que apresentou sua carta de demissão abruptamente em 1986 ao ser diagnosticado com leucemia. O bispo Larkin, ainda elegível para servir por mais 10 anos, continuou a liderar a diocese até que o bispo Favalora foi empossado em 16 de maio de 1989. Em 3 de novembro de 1994, o Bispo Favalora recebeu sua terceira nomeação episcopal como o terceiro Arcebispo de Miami, Flórida, sucedendo ao Arcebispo Edward A. McCarthy, que se aposentou ao atingir a idade normal de aposentadoria. Ele foi empossado como arcebispo em 20 de dezembro de 1994 na Catedral de Santa Maria em Miami. O arcebispo Favalora apresentou sua renúncia em abril de 2010, oito meses antes de atingir a idade obrigatória para renúncia episcopal de setenta e cinco anos.

Favalora atuou como membro do Conselho de Curadores da The Catholic University of America e do St. Vincent de Paul Regional Seminary em Boynton Beach. Ele também serviu como capelão estadual e membro dos Knights of Columbus na Flórida, além de ser presidente da Conferência Católica da Flórida. Ele tem sido membro dos comitês da USCCB sobre Vida e Ministério Sacerdotal, Abuso Sexual e Questões Pró-Vida.

Ver também

Bispos dos Estados Unidos
Arcebispos católicos dos Estados Unidos

John Favalora


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An Disa richardiana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Lem. ngan Harry Bolus. An Disa richardiana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Disa, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Disa

Disa richardiana


USCGC Eagle (WIX-327), formerly the Horst Wessel and also known as the Barque Eagle, is a  barque used as a training cutter for future officers of the United States Coast Guard. She is one of only two active commissioned sailing vessels in the United States military today, along with  which is ported in Boston Harbor. She is the seventh Coast Guard cutter to bear the name in a line dating back to 1792, including the Revenue Cutter Eagle.

Each summer, Eagle deploys with cadets from the United States Coast Guard Academy and candidates from the Officer Candidate School for periods ranging from a week to two months. These voyages fulfill multiple roles. The primary mission is training the cadets and officer candidates, but the ship also performs a public relations role for the Coast Guard and the United States. Often, Eagle makes calls at foreign ports as a goodwill ambassador.

The ship was built as the German sail training ship Horst Wessel in 1936; it served to train German sailors in sail techniques until decommissioned at the start of World War II. The vessel was given anti-aircraft armament and re-commissioned in 1942. At the end of the war, Horst Wessel was taken by the U.S. as war reparations.

Origin as Horst Wessel

Eagle commenced its existence in Nazi Germany as Horst Wessel, a ship of the Gorch Fock class. Horst Wessel was an improvement on the original design. She was larger in dimension and her spars were all steel, unlike Gorch Focks wooden yards. SSS Horst Wessel began life as Schiff ("ship") 508 at Blohm & Voss in Hamburg, Germany in 1936. Her keel was laid on 15 February, she was launched on 13 June, completed on 16 September, and commissioned on 17 September. She was the second ship in the class to be built, following the class namesake Gorch Fock. Rudolf Hess gave the speech at her launch in the presence of Adolf Hitler, and Horst Wessel's mother christened the new ship with a bottle of champagne. The name was given in tribute to SA leader Horst Wessel, who had been accorded martyr status by the Nazi Party. He also wrote the song which came to be known as "Horst-Wessel-Lied", which was later used as the Nazi party's anthem. Shortly after work began on Horst Wessel, the Blohm & Voss shipyard laid the keel of the , which was labeled Schiff 509.

SSS Horst Wessel served as the flagship of the Kriegsmarine sail training fleet, which consisted of Gorch Fock, , and Horst Wessel. ( was also built in 1937 for the Romanian Navy, and work began on a fifth ship called Herbert Norkus, but was stopped with the outbreak of war.) Horst Wessel was commanded by Captain August Thiele, a previous Captain of Gorch Fock, and it was homeported in Kiel. In the three years before World War II, she undertook numerous training cruises in the North Atlantic waters, sailing with trainee groups consisting of both future officers and future petty officers. On 21 August 1938, Adolf Hitler visited the ship and sailed for approximately one hour before departing. Later that year, Horst Wessel and Albert Leo Schlageter undertook a four-month voyage to the Caribbean and visited St. Thomas and Venezuela. Along the way, they caught numerous sharks and turtles at sea and kept ducks enclosed on deck to provide fresh eggs.

Horst Wessel was decommissioned in 1939 with the onset of World War II, but served as a docked training ship in Stralsund for the marine branch of the Hitler Youth until her recommissioning as an active Navy sail training vessel in 1942. Numerous weapons were installed throughout the decks, including two 20 mm anti-aircraft guns on the bridge wings, two on the foredeck, and two 20 mm Flakvierling quad mounts on the waist. From late 1942 through early 1945, she sailed on numerous training deployments in the Baltic sea with cadets fresh out of basic training. On 14 November 1944, accompanied by Albert Leo Schlageter, Horst Wessel was sailing in rough weather, when, near the island of Rügen, Albert Leo Schlageter hit a mine that caused extensive damage to its starboard bow. Horst Wessel took Albert Leo Schlageter in a stern tow to keep her from running aground until larger ships could arrive the next day to assist.

In April 1945, after the last German cadet class had departed, Horst Wessel departed Rügen with a group of German refugees on board. She sailed to Flensburg where Kapitänleutnant Barthold Schnibbe surrendered to the British, and the ship ran up the Union Jack. Horst Wessel was ordered to Bremerhaven and tied to a temporary pier, and much of its equipment was stripped. At the end of World War II, the four German sailing vessels then extant were distributed to various nations as war reparations. Horst Wessel was won by the United States in a drawing of lots with the Soviet and British navies, and requested by the United States Coast Guard Academy's Superintendent. On 15 May 1946, she was commissioned by CDR Gordon McGowan into the United States Coast Guard as the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Eagle. In June 1946, a U.S. Coast Guard crew sailed her from Bremerhaven to Orangeburg, New York—through a hurricane—assisted by Kapitänleutnant Schnibbe and many of his crew who were still aboard. The German volunteer crew was disembarked at Camp Shanks and Eagle proceeded to her new home port of New London, Connecticut.

Early afloat training at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy
Training at sea on a sailing vessel has always been a part of the Coast Guard Academy curriculum. In 1877, the first cadets to enroll in the United States Revenue Cutter Service, the predecessor to the U.S. Coast Guard, undertook their training on board the Revenue Cutter James C. Dobbin. In 1878, James C. Dobbin was replaced by the Revenue Cutter Salmon P. Chase. Cadets lived on board the ships (physical classrooms were not even established on shore until 1900), took classes on board in the winters when tied to a pier in New Bedford, Massachusetts or Arundel Cove, Maryland, and sailed on training deployments during the summers. During this time, Salmon P. Chase undertook numerous voyages to Europe. From 1890 to 1894, Salmon P. Chase suspended operations as there was a surplus of graduates from the United States Naval Academy. In 1907, Salmon P. Chase was decommissioned and transferred to the Marine Hospital Service. She was replaced by the Revenue Cutter Itasca, a former Naval Academy training vessel.

In 1922, Itasca was determined to be too small for the cadet corps, and was decommissioned and scrapped. She was then replaced by the three-masted barquentine Alexander Hamilton, a former Navy gunboat from the Spanish–American War. Alexander Hamilton was in service at the Coast Guard Academy until 1930; after her decommissioning in 1944, Alexander Hamiltons mainmast was returned to New London and served as the Academy's flagpole until 1954. During the 1930s, the Academy did not have a resident sailing vessel for cadet training. In 1939, the Danish Navy's sail training vessel  was in New York City to take part in the 1939 World's Fair. After World War II broke out, the ship was offered to the U.S. government and transferred to the Coast Guard Academy, where she was commissioned as USCGC Danmark and served as the cadet training ship until 26 September 1945, when she was returned to the Danish government.

Sail training during these early years of the Coast Guard Academy is remarkably similar to the program on board Eagle today. An 1886 contemporary described the training experience on board Salmon P. Chase as such:

Training at sea on board Eagle

Eagles primary mission is to develop the future officers of the U.S. Coast Guard. Since 1946, she has deployed each summer with cadets on board as part of their Academy curriculum. As soon as the cadets complete their final examinations in May of each year,  Eagle departs with roughly half of the third class cadets (the rising sophomores) and a small contingent of first class cadet cadre (rising seniors who lead the third class cadets). Six weeks later, the cadets on board rotate to other training locations while the second half of the third class cadets meet the ship and begin their training. After their five weeks on board, the third and first class cadets depart for their summer leave, and the fourth class cadets (the rising freshmen; also known as swabs) report aboard in two or three groups for one week of sail training each. Like the third class cadets, the fourth class cadets are led by a group of second class cadet cadre (the rising juniors). Eagle typically returns to New London at the end of the summer, returning the cadets to the Coast Guard Academy one or two weeks before the academic school year begins. All cadets at the Academy will normally complete a minimum of six weeks on board Eagle during their fourth and third class years, and have the opportunity to return as cadre if they chose to do so during their second and first class years. The current schedule also includes two 2-3 week voyages in the Spring and Fall with the semiannual Coast Guard Officer Candidate School classes.

Eagle has a standing permanent crew of seven officers and 50 enlisted members; on training missions, she takes on a variety of temporary crew and sails with an average complement of 12 officers, 68 crew, and up to 150 trainees. While on board, cadets and officer candidates receive a large amount of instruction from the crew. They take classes on numerous subjects that are key to life at sea, including navigation, seamanship, ship and boat maneuvering, line handling, sailing, first aid, weather patterns, damage control, engineering, career development, and more. They also stand watches in the engine room, on the bridge, on deck, in the scullery and galley, and during port calls, they assist the public by giving tours. The trainees are expected to qualify in a variety of watchstations applicable to their level of experience; for example, third class cadets complete their 'helm and lookout' qualification while upper-class cadets work to qualify in leadership positions on the bridge and in the engine room. At the same time, trainees are given a rigorous set of nautical tasks they must complete. One common training task involves the Eagle crew covering all Global Positioning System receivers on board and requiring trainees to navigate between ports using sextants, a compass, and the tools of celestial navigation.

On a normal training day, Eagle will set 'sail stations' once or twice and all cadets and crew members will take their positions on deck to set or douse sail, or conduct a sailing maneuver such as tacking or wearing. At the beginning of a deployment with a new group of trainees, these complicated maneuvers are closely managed and led by the crew, but as the trainees become more experienced and learn how to work the sails and lines, they slowly take over leadership of these and other evolutions and begin to lead themselves. The goal of the crew is to help the trainees develop and mold into a cohesive team and a group of leaders, enabling the crew to take a step back, assist where needed, and ensure all personnel are kept safe.

In March 1998 Eagle trained her first and only class of future Coast Guard enlisted members, taking on the boot camp company November-152. The members flew from the United States Coast Guard Training Center Cape May in Cape May, New Jersey to Roosevelt Roads Naval Station in Puerto Rico. After just three days of training on shore, Eagle sailed to Fort-de-France, Martinique; La Guaira, Venezuela; and Cartagena, Colombia. The future seamen and firemen then finally returned home to New London for boot camp graduation. In recent years, when able to do so, Eagle has supplemented the officer candidate deployments with future petty officers undergoing training classes at Coast Guard Training Center Yorktown to become Boatswain's mates. Additionally, since 2013, when the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) moved its Officer Candidate Training program to the Coast Guard Academy, NOAA Officer Candidates have taken part in the Spring and Fall Officer Candidate deployments.

"America's Tall Ship"

Eagles secondary mission is to represent the U.S. Coast Guard and the United States to the public and the international community. In this role, she has earned the nickname of "America's Tall Ship." During her many years of service as a Coast Guard cutter, she has traveled to harbors throughout the United States and around the world. Among her various training deployments, Eagle has participated in various Tall Ship races and events, including the Operation Sail events of 1964, 1976, 1986, 1992, 2000 and 2012. Most notably, Eagle led the parade of ships into New York Harbor during the American Bicentennial OpSail of 1976. In the summer of 1974, during the kick-off race for OpSail 1976 (from Newport, Rhode Island to Boston, Massachusetts), the participating ships encountered heavy weather and a number of other ships dropped out. Off Cape Cod, Eagle maintained a speed of  on a broad reach under sail alone for a number of hours.

In 1972, at the request of the West German government, Eagle returned to Germany for the first time since 1946 and visited the port of Kiel where she had formerly moored on numerous occasions as Horst Wessel. The visit included a five-day race against Gorch Fock II, Germany's replacement for the Gorch Fock built in 1958, and the Polish sail training vessel Dar Pomorza. Three days into the race, numerous sails onboard Eagle ripped and had to be removed, and Eagle lost the race. Eagle again returned to Germany in 1977, 1988, 1996 (her 60th anniversary), 2005, and 2011 (her 75th anniversary).

In 1975, Eagle transported the remains of Hopley Yeaton, the first Revenue Cutter Service officer commissioned by President George Washington, from Lubec, Maine to the Coast Guard Academy where he was laid to rest at the Captain Hopley Yeaton Memorial.

In 1984, under the leadership of Captain Ernst Cummings and Boatswain Richard 'Red' Shannon, Eagle took part in a tall ship's race with the Dar Pomorza, the Venezuelan ship Simón Bolívar, and the  British barque Marques. On 2 June, after the weather worsened, Captain Cummings ordered sail taken in. As the deck watch prepared to go aloft to furl sail, Eagle was hit by a squall with  winds, forcing her into a 45-50 degree heel. Boatswain Shannon ordered the rudder to 'right full' and the ship slowly righted herself.

At the personal invitation of Australian Prime Minister Robert Hawke, in September 1987, Eagle undertook a yearlong deployment to Australia from her home at the Coast Guard Academy. During this voyage Academy instructors were embarked to conduct the cadets' classes while underway. The trip involved stops at numerous Pacific islands and visits to the Australian ports of Lord Howe Island, Newcastle, Brisbane, Hobart, Sydney, and Manly, encompassing more than eight months away from her homeport of New London, Connecticut.

From 1996 to 1999, Eagle was commanded by Captain Robert J. Papp Jr., who went on to serve as the Commandant of the Coast Guard from 2010 to 2014.

In 2005, as part of the Trafalgar 200 International Fleet Review in the Solent off southern England celebrating the 200 year anniversary of Admiral Horatio Nelson's victory at the Battle of Trafalgar, Eagle was one of a number of tall ships from several nations to be reviewed by Queen Elizabeth II, along with the U.S. Navy warship . Later that summer, Eagle returned to Bremerhaven for the fifth time since World War II and received an enthusiastic welcome.

In 2010 she participated in Velas Sudamerica 2010, a historical Latin American tour by eleven tall ships to celebrate the bicentennial of the first national governments of Argentina and Chile.

In 2012, as part of the Tall Ships Challenge hosted by Tall Ships America in conjunction with Operation Sail 2012, Eagle took part in a nail-biting two-day race off the coast of Nova Scotia with a large group of tall ships from all over North America. After 32 hours of calm waters, the wind freshened and then began to blow, and Eagle won the race in a dramatic fashion.

Design

Eagle is slightly larger than her sister ship Gorch Fock. Overall Eagle displaces 1,824 tons. The hull is riveted Krupp steel four-tenths of an inch thick (10 mm). There are two full-length steel decks with a platform deck below. The raised forecastle and quarterdeck are made of quarter inch steel overlaid with  of teak, as are the weather decks.

Auxiliary propulsion was originally provided by a single Burmeister & Wain diesel with reduction gear producing  horsepower. She was refitted with a  Caterpillar D399 V16 diesel engine in 1980, and again with a  MTU 8V 4000 in 2018, providing speeds up to 17 knots (19.5 mph/31 km/h) under power.

There are two  Caterpillar generators that can be run by themselves or in parallel together. Eagle has a range of  at her cruising speed of  under diesel power. She carries a reverse osmosis system that replenishes the ship's fresh water supply at sea.

Eagle has a three-masted barque sailing rig, with two masts fully rigged with 'square sails' and one mast with only 'fore-and-aft' sails. The large sail area of the 'square sails' provide much of the power while the 'fore-and-aft' sails enable superior maneuverability. The ship has over  of running rigging and approximately  of sail area. To protect sails from chafing, Eagle uses baggywrinkle extensively. The top three yards of the fore- and main masts are moveable, and are kept lowered when not sailing to lower the ship's center of gravity. In addition, the top portion of the fore- and main masts, known as the topgallant masts, may be housed (lowered) by 13 ft when not under sail in order to sail underneath low bridges. Eagles fastest point of sail is when her yards are braced sharp (or pivoted as much as they can be) and the relative wind (the wind you feel standing on the ship as it moves) is approximately 5-10 degrees aft of the windward leech of the sail. When fully braced, Eagle can sail about 75 degrees off of the true wind. Eagles propeller shaft can also be de-clutched from the engine so the propeller can freewheel, thus lessening drag while under sail.

The main helm station, also known as the triple helm, is connected via mechanical shaft linkage to the steering gear located in the "captain's coffin" on the fantail along with the emergency, or "trick" wheel (also referred to as aft steering). Three turns of the main helm station equal one degree of rudder turn. That is why six persons are used to steer during heavy weather and while operating in restricted waterways. The emergency, or "trick" wheel is a single wheel that turns at a rate of one revolution to one degree of rudder turn. It thus requires more force to turn.

The ship has undergone numerous refits since she was acquired by the Coast Guard in 1946. Sometime during the 1950s, Captain Carl Bowman replaced Eagles split spanker on the mizzenmast with a single sail. During the 1980s, under Captain David Wood, the split spanker was returned as it afforded reduced weather helm and allowed the helmsman to turn away (or 'fall off') from the wind more easily.

On 27 January 1967, Eagle departed the Coast Guard Yard maintenance facility at Curtis Bay (near Baltimore, Maryland). On a foggy afternoon with little visibility, she traveled toward the Chesapeake Bay at . Shortly after 1:30 PM Eagle collided with the motor vessel Philippine Jose Abad Santos. Fortunately, nobody on either ship was injured. Eagle returned to the shipyard and underwent repairs.

On 1 July 1972, the ship was returning to her berth at the Coast Guard Academy in New London at the midpoint of her annual summer cadet training deployment when she was involved in another serious accident. Despite extensive precautions, as the ship passed below the Gold Star Memorial Bridge and a new twin bridge being built parallel to it, her foremast and mainmast caught on some safety netting slung below the new bridge that had not been fully secured. Both masts were snapped off above the crosstrees (about seven-eighths of the way up each mast), and the upper parts were left hanging from the remaining upright parts of the masts. As a result, the ship had to undergo emergency repairs. The Electric Boat facility in Groton, Connecticut was able to repair the masts in time for Eagles planned deployment to Europe; she set sail just three and a half weeks later on 24 July.

1976 brought significant changes to Eagle. The Coast Guard added their "racing stripe" and the words 'Coast Guard' to her otherwise unadorned white hull. In addition, the eagle figurehead on the bowsprit of the ship was replaced. The original eagle figurehead now resides on display in the U.S. Coast Guard Museum in Waesche Hall at the Coast Guard Academy. Finally, in 1976, Eagle received Captain Paul Welling, her first permanent Commanding Officer since Captain Barthold Schnibbe of the German Navy. Previous Commanding Officers had been drawn temporarily from officers assigned to the Academy.

By 1979, the Coast Guard had developed plans for an extensive refit at the Coast Guard Yard facility. From 1979 to 1983, Eagle visited the yard all four winters between summer deployments. During these maintenance availability periods her original 1936 Burmeister & Wain diesel engine, known affectionately as 'Elmer,' along with the generators and evaporators, were replaced by modern equipment ('Elmer' was given to the Portuguese vessel , the former Albert Leo Schlageter, to provide spare parts for her engine). This made the engine room more spacious, less noisy, and far cooler in temperature. The new engine could be controlled directly from the bridge through a pressurized air line and responded instantly, rather than after a 30-second delay common with the original engine. Additional watertight compartmentalization was also added (previously, there had been only seven). This compartmentalization included closing in cadet berthing areas, eliminating separate upper-class (fixed three-tier bunks) and lower-class (hammock) berthing and made the ship better able to accommodate male and female cadets. Crew habitability was greatly improved with the installation of new ventilation and air conditioning systems, fresh water showers, and fresh water clothes washing machines. An enclosed pilothouse was built around the exhaust funnel on the quarterdeck. Electronic equipment (e.g., radar, navigation, and radio equipment) was updated as well, and much of it was moved from the radio room into the new pilothouse. The helm station remained unsheltered and unchanged. Finally, the entire teak deck was replaced, and the steel beneath it was found to be badly corroded and had to be repaired as well. For two summers, Eagle sailed without parts of her teak deck. It was discovered that the teak deck is one of the keys to 'stiffening' the longitudinal strength of the ship.

In 2014, Eagle began a similar refit. The ship's crew temporarily shifted its administrative homeport to Baltimore and began an extensive four-year service life extension project. Each year, Eagle spent six months in the yard and six months sailing with trainees. The goal of this maintenance overhaul was for the ship to remain safe and viable as the Coast Guard's premier training vessel well into the 21st century. Significant work was conducted on the HVAC system, engine room, hull, and other systems. Its auxiliary propulsion unit was replaced in the winter of 2017–2018. After the refit was completed, Eagle returned to her traditional homeport of New London, Connecticut.

Eagle Commanding Officers

CAPT Jessica Rozzi-Ochs serves as Eagle's first female and 30th overall Commanding Officer, assuming command from CAPT Michael Turdo on 24 June, 2022. Turdo oversaw Eagle and her valuable diplomatic and training mission during the COVID-19 pandemic, limiting cruise opportunities and ports of call.

CDR Gordon P. McGowan served as the first American commanding officer of Eagle, relieving German Kapitänleutnant Berthold Schnibbe and commissioning her in the US Coast Guard as "Cutter Eagle" on May 15, 1946. McGowan and his crew of 6 USCG officers and 55 enlisted sailors would become Eagle's plankowners, responsible for making her seaworthy for trans-Atlantic passage, and deliver her to New London with a combined American and former Horst Wessel crew who volunteered to help train the American sailors in traditional rigged sailing.

Rozzi-Ochs joins a distinguished list of Eagle commanders such as ADM Robert J. Papp Jr., who went on to serve as the 24th Commandant of the Coast Guard from 2010 to 2014, and VADM James C. Irwin, who served as vice commandant from 1986 to 1988. Horst Wessel's first commander, German VADM August Thiele would go on to earn the Knight's Cross for his command of Kampfgruppe V.

In popular culture
Eagle has a significant presence in the Nantucket series of books by S. M. Stirling, in which she is visiting the island of Nantucket when a mysterious "Event" transports the entire island, including Eagle and her crew, back in time from 17 March 1998 to the year 1250 BC. Sent across the Atlantic Ocean to barter for the grain and livestock the time-lost Nantucketers need to survive through their first winter, her arrival off the south coast of Bronze Age England leads the natives to name her crew (and, by extension, the rest of the Island's population) as 'The Eagle People'. Although the Eagle described in the books is based on the real-world ship, the named crew members are all fictional.

Cruises by the USCGC Eagle
As part of its training mission, the Eagle embarks on annual cruises around the world, primarily to locations in the Americas and Europe. The following is a list of cruises conducted between 1946 and 2022.

See also
NRP Sagres, Gorch Fock I, and Mircea, sister ships to Eagle
Gorch Fock (1958), training ship of the German Navy
List of large sailing vessels
Kiel Week

References

Sources

Further reading

External links

Eagle homepage by the U.S. Coast Guard Academy

On the Wings of Eagle, 1999 video documentary on YouTube

Gorch Fock-class sailing ships
Historic American Engineering Record in Connecticut
Individual sailing vessels
Tall ships of the United States
Training ships of the United States Coast Guard
United States Coast Guard Academy
Naval academies
Three-masted ships
1936 ships
Ships built in Hamburg
Sail training ships

USCGC Eagle (WIX-327)


Diego Ramón González Morales (Santiago, Chile, 13 de marzo de 1993) es un futbolista chileno. Juega de defensa en Colchagua de la Segunda División Profesional de Chile.

Clubes

Referencias

Nacidos en Santiago de Chile
Futbolistas de Chile
Futbolistas de las inferiores del Audax Italiano La Florida
Futbolistas del Audax Italiano La Florida en los años 2010
Futbolistas del Club Social y Deportivo San Antonio Unido
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Trasandino de Los Andes
Futbolistas del Club de Deportes Pintana
Futbolistas del Club de Deportes Recoleta en los años 2010
Futbolistas del Colchagua Club de Deportes

Diego González Morales


Anton Schaaf ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Anton Schaaf (Politiker, 1688) (1688–1746), Kaiserlicher Rat, Senator und Schöff in Frankfurt am Main
 Anton Schaaf (Politiker, 1890) (1890–nach 1933), deutscher Landwirt und Politiker (Zentrum)
 Anton Schaaf (Politiker, 1962) (1962–2020), deutscher Politiker (SPD)

Anton Schaaf


Carl-Henning Wijkmark (født 21. november 1934, død 4. september 2020) var en svensk forfatter, oversætter, litteraturkritiker og samfundsdebattør. Han skrev flere romaner, teaterstykker og essaysamlinger og er oversat til adskillige sprog.

Wijkmark kom fra en akademiker-familie. Hans far var doktor i teologi, og hans mor var lærer, og han er desuden halvbror til forfatter, journalist og luxemburgske grevinde Kerstin Bernadotte. I 1957 afsluttede han sin bachelor i filosofi i Lund, og i 1967 blev han doktor i filosofi i Stockholm. Han læste desuden filosofi og litteraturvidenskab ved Ludwig-Maximilians-universitetet i München. Fra 1968-1970 arbejdede han som underviser ved Stockholms universitet og ved statens biblioteksskole. Han boede længe i Tyskland og Frankrig, hvor han arbejdede som litteraturkritiker og radio-essayist, indtil han i 1970'erne dedikerede sig helt til prosaskrivningen. Som oversætter har Wijkmark blandt andet oversat Nietzsche og Walter Benjamin.

I 1972 havde Wijkmark sin litterære debut med romanen Jægerne på Karinhall(org. Jägarna på Karinhall), der handler om et dekadent jagtselskab, der holder til stede på slottet Karinhall uden for Berlin, mens de olympiske lege afholdes i storbyen. Den tyske nazist Hermann Göring er selskabets vært, og jægerne foretager sig bl.a. spionage og afholder orgier. Wijkmark har vundet flere litteraturpriser, bl.a. Doblougprisen i 1986 og Augustprisen i 2007. Sidstnævnte fik han for sin roman Natten der kommer (org. Stundande natten), der handler om tre mænd, der er indlagt på hospitalet og venter på at dø. Andre titler, der er udkommet på dansk, er hans romaner Dræsinen (org. Dressinen, 1983) og Vi ses igen i næste drøm (org. Vi ses igen i nästa dröm, 2013). I Dræsinen stiller Wijkmark spørgsmålet om, hvad det vil sige at være et menneske. Romanen handler om en præst, der begiver sig på en rejse med tre aber for at afsløre 'the missing link' mellem aber og mennesker. I Vi ses igen i næste drøm farer en professor vild i en kælder og befinder sig pludseligt tilbage i 1920'ernes Sverige.

Wijkmark beskæftiget sig gennem flere årtier med døden som emne, og han forholdt sig stærkt kritisk over for aktiv dødshjælp. Han behandlede forskellige humanitære, politiske og sociale spørgsmål i sine værker; hans romaner er tit inspireret af omvæltninger eller krige i Tyskland, Finland, Sverige eller Algeriet, og handler ofte om, hvordan menneskers liv og skæbne påvirkes af disse.

Bibliografi
 Tyska romaner: från Thomas Mann till Günter Grass (1965)
 Fransk roman efter 1945: från Camus till Le Clézio (Bibliotekstjänst, 1968)
 Jägarna på Karinhall (Norstedt, 1972). Dansk: Jægerne på Karinhall (Møller Forlag, 2012)
 Rött och svart: kritik och presentationer 1958-76 (Cavefors, 1976)
 På flykt undan mina landsmän: ett tv-spel om Bert Brecht som flykting i Sverige 1939-1940 (Cavefors, 1976)
 Den moderna döden: från människans slutskede (Cavefors, 1978). Dansk: Den moderne død (1979)
 Dressinen (Norstedt, 1983). Dansk: Dræsinen (Møller Forlag, 2015)
 Sista dagar: roman (Norstedt, 1986)
 Litteratur och människovärde: essayer 1977-87 (Norstedt, 1988)
 Sveaborg (Norstedt, 1990)
 Omsvängningarnas år: kommentarer: Europa 1988-91 (Norstedt, 1991)
 Dacapo: roman (Norstedt, 1994)
 Du som ej finns (Norstedt, 1997)
 Den svarta väggen: roman (Norstedt, 2002)
 Tal på Övralid 6 juli 2003(Stiftelsen Övralid, 2003)
 Samtiden bakom oss: essäer och kommentarer 1992-2004 (Norstedt, 2005)
 Stundande natten (Norstedt, 2007). Dansk: Natten der kommer (Møller Forlag, 2013)
 Städernas svall (sammen med Ulf Peter Hallberg) (Norstedt, 2011)
 Vi ses igen i nästa dröm (Norstedt, 2013). Dansk: Vi ses igen i næste drøm (Møller Forlag, 2014)

Oversættelser
 Stormcentrum: modern tysk prosa (i udvalg og oversættelse af Stig Jonasson og Carl-Henning Wijkmark) (Prisma, 1964)
 Friedrich Nietzsche: Nietzsche (Prisma, 1966)
 Walter Benjamin: Bild och dialektik (Cavefors, 1969)
 Walter Benjamin: Essayer om Brecht (Cavefors, 1971)
 Lautréamont: Maldorors sånger (Les chants de Maldoror) (ill. Ragnar von Holten) (Cavefors, 1972)
 Henri Desroche: Marxismen och religionerna (Marxisme et religions) (Almqvist & Wiksell, 1973)
 Roger Vailland: 325 000 franc (325 000 francs) (oversat sammen med Marianne Wijkmark) (Prisma, 1979)
 Max Horkheimer og Theodor W. Adorno: Upplysningens dialektik: filosofiska fragment (Dialektik der Aufklärung) (oversat sammen med Lars Bjurman) (Röda bokförlaget, 1981)
 Friedrich Nietzsche: Den glada vetenskapen (Die fröhliche Wissenschaft) (Korpen, 1987)
 Walter Benjamin: Goethes "Valfrändskaperna" (Goethes Wahlverwandtschaften) (Symposion, 1995)

Priser og udmærkelser
 1986 – Doblougprisen
 1986 – Sherlock-prisen for Sista dagar
 1994 – Gun och Olof Engqvists stipendium
 2001 – Samfundet De Nios Särskilda pris
 2003 – Övralidsprisen
 2007 – Gerard Bonniers pris
 2007 – Lotten von Kraemers pris
 2007 – Augustprisen for Stundande natten
 2012 – Signe Ekblad-Eldhs pris

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Wijkmark, Carl-Henning på forfatterweb.dk
 Carl-Henning Wijkmark på norstedts.se

Debattører
Forfattere fra Sverige

Carl-Henning Wijkmark


Kostolné Kračany este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Dunajská Streda din regiunea Trnava. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.347 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Kostolné Kračany este atestată documentar din 1215.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Kostolné Kračany


Sezonul 1981-1982  este sezonul în care echipa gălățeană a retrogradat adică 1980-1981, marea majoritate a jucătorilor își caută alte echipe fiind supărați, dezamăgiți de retrogradare! dar chiar și așa are pe cine să se bazeze antrenorii Leonida Antohi și Adrian Neagu, în orice caz în special pe jucătorii locali dar și câțiva jucători aduși din alte zone ale țării, deci speranța nu moare ultima așadar, promovarea întradevăr nu va veni imediat în 1982-1983 dar cu certitudine echipa va promova în 1983-1984. Este ultima dată când se va numi echipa FCM Galați, sezonul următor va purta numele de Dunărea CSU Galați în urma unirii cu CSU Galați.

Echipă

Echipă

Transferuri

Sosiri

Plecări

'''Clasamentul după 34 de etape se prezintă astfel:

Sezoanele echipei Dunărea Galați

Sezon

Seria II

Rezultate

Rezultate

Sezon intern

Dunărea Galați în sezonul 1981-1982


is a Japanese film director known for starting the Sasori / Female Prisoner Scorpion series of 1970s exploitation films starring Meiko Kaji. Itō worked for Toei Company for most of his career. In 1972, he won a Directors Guild of Japan New Directors Citation for his first film, Female Prisoner #701: Scorpion.

He won Picture of the Year at the Japanese Academy Awards in 1985 with his film Gray Sunset, a story of a man suffering from Alzheimer's disease. This thus became Japan's entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film instead of Akira Kurosawa's Ran, which caused a slight uproar in Western media as many critics thought Ran had a real chance of winning whereas Gray Sunset was not even shortlisted. (Galbraith)

In 1995, he directed Lupin III: Farewell to Nostradamus. In 1998, he directed the World War II drama Pride: The Fateful Moment, presenting a sympathetic view of Hideki Tōjō on trial at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, attracting accusations of revisionism.

Selected filmography
Female Prisoner #701: Scorpion (1972) (女囚701号 さそり)
Female Prisoner Scorpion: Jailhouse 41 (1972) (女囚さそり 第41雑居房)
Female Prisoner Scorpion: Beast Stable (1973) (女囚さそり けもの部屋)
Inugami no tatari (1977) (犬神の悪霊)
To Trap a Kidnapper (1982) (誘拐報道)
Hakujasho (1983) (白蛇抄)
Gray Sunset (1985) (花いちもんめ)
Labyrinth of Flower Garden (1988) (花園の迷宮)
Lupin III: Farewell to Nostradamus (1995) (ルパン三世 くたばれ!ノストラダムス)
Pride: The Fateful Moment (1998) (プライド 運命の瞬間)
Independence of Japan (2020)

Notes

References
Galbraith, Stuart, IV. The Emperor and the Wolf: The Lives and Films of Akira Kurosawa and Toshiro Mifune. Faber & Faber, 2002.

JMDb Listing (Japanese)

External links

1932 births
Japanese film directors
Pink film directors
Living people

Shunya Itō


Costruzioni Automobili Riuniti war ein italienischer Hersteller von Automobilen.

Unternehmensgeschichte
Das Unternehmen aus Mailand begann 1927 mit der Produktion von Automobilen. 1929 endete die Produktion.

Fahrzeuge
Zunächst entstanden die Fahrzeuge nach einer Lizenz von Cyclecars G.A.R. 1927 kam eine geringfügig geänderte Version auf den Markt. Für den Antrieb sorgten Vierzylindermotoren von Chapuis-Dornier. Die Fahrzeuge waren als offene Viersitzer karosseriert und wurden auch als Taxis eingesetzt.

Literatur

 George Nick Georgano (Chefredakteur): The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. Volume 1: A–F. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Chicago 2001, ISBN 1-57958-293-1. (englisch)

Weblinks
 GTÜ Gesellschaft für Technische Überwachung mbH (abgerufen am 12. Februar 2012)

Ehemaliger Pkw-Hersteller (Italien)
Ehemaliges Unternehmen (Mailand)
Produzierendes Unternehmen (Mailand)
Gegründet 1927

Costruzioni Automobili Riuniti


مينيتل هي خدمة على الخط مبنية على فيديوتكس يمكن الولوج إليها عبر خطوط الهاتف. تعتبر هذه الخدمة من أنجح الخدمات على الخط التي سبقت الويب. تم إطلاقها في فرنسا عام 1982 بواسطة شركة الاتصالات والبريد الفرنسية (بالفرنسية:Poste, Téléphone et Télécommunications) التي قسمت منذ 1991 إلى فرانس تيليكوم ولا بوستيه. مكنت الخدمة مستخدميها من تنفيذ عمليات الشراء، وحجوزات القطارات، الاطلاع على أسهم البورصة، البحث في دليل الهاتف، والدردشة بطريقة مشابهة للدردشة التي تتم الآن عبر الإنترنت.

كانت مينيتل مشروعا مشتركا بين فرانس تيليكوم وبريتش تيليكوم. قبل أن تخصخص الأخيرة، قدمت في بريطانيا خدمة مماثلة، عرفت باسم بريستل. لكن كان الحساب فيها على أساس عدد الصفحات، بدلا من وقت التصفح.

مراجع

أجهزة معلوماتية
أورنج
اختراعات فرنسية
الاتصالات في فرنسا
انحلالات سنة 2012 في فرنسا
تأسيسات سنة 1978 في فرنسا
تاريخ الإنترنت
منتجات عرضت في 1980
تجارة إلكترونية في فرنسا
أنظمة التراث

مينيتل


Ribe Domkirkes indvielse er en film instrueret af Peter Elfelt. Filmen viser billeder fra den festlige indvielse d. 7. august 1904.

Handling
Ribe Domkirke blev opført ca. 1150-1250. Den undergik en gennemgribende restaurering 1882-1904 ved arkitekterne H.C. Amberg og Jacob Helms.

Hvor er vi
00.00 - 00.43 - Ribe Domkirkes sydside

00.43 - 01.09 - Ribe Domkirkes indgang på vestgavlen

Se filmen
Film Centralen / Danmark på film https://filmcentralen.dk/museum/danmark-paa-film/klip/genindvielsen-af-ribe-domkirke<

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1904

Domkirkes indvielse
Stumfilm fra Danmark

Ribe Domkirkes indvielse


Reis (uneori scris Rais) a fost un rang militar turc asemănător cu cel al unui căpitan naval, care era de obicei adăugat la numele ofițerului ca un epitet. De exemplu:

Piri "Reis"
Turgut "Reis"
Uluç Ali "Reis"
Seydi Ali "Reis"

Rangul "Reis Pașa" se referă la un amiral, în timp ce "Kapudan Pașa" (tradus ca "Marele Amiral"; literal "Căpitan Pașă") reprezintă titlul comandantului-șef al flotei otomane.

Imperiul Otoman
Cuvinte și expresii în limba turcă
Istoria Turciei

Reis (rang militar)


Frelsi til sölu er breiðskífa með Íslenska tónlistarmanninnum Bubba Morthens sem kom út 13. nóvember 1986. Myndin á umslagi plötunnar er mynd af Bubba í Bláa lóninu sem Bjarni Friðriksson, fyrrverandi hljóðmaður Egósins, tók. Umslaginu fylgdi mannréttindaryfirlýsing Sameinuðu þjóðanna og brot úr blaðinu Fantasíu þar sem að Jóhannes Sveinsson Kjarval andmælti hvalveiðum. Haustið 1987 var platan búinn að seljast í um 17.000 eintökum.

Lagalisti
Plata eitt: A-hlið

 Serbinn
 Sló Sló
 Sex að morgni
 Er nauðsynlegt að skjóta þá
 Maðurinn í speglinum

Plata eitt: B-hlið

 Augun mín
 Gaukur í klukku
 Evrópa er fallin
 Stikkfrí
 Land til sölu

Með geisladiskaútgáfu plötunnar sem kom út 6. júní 1987 bættust eftirfarandi lög við:

 Blindsker
 Leyndarmál frægðarinnar
 Þjóðlag
 Skyttan
Síðan bættust eftirfarandi lög við upprunalegu plötunna:

 Skyttan (úr kvikmyndinni Skytturnar)
 Skapar fegurðin hamingjuna (af 12" plötu)
 Búgí-vúgí elskhuginn (af 12" plötu)
 Vítisengill á Davidson (Hjátaka)
 Whale song (af Serbian Flower)
 President song (af Serbian Flower)
 Six o'clock in the morning (af Serbian Flower)
 Serbian Flower (af Serbian Flower)
 Paranoia (af Serbian Flower)

Bubbi Morthens
Hljómplötur gefnar út árið 1986

Frelsi til sölu


Bokholt-Hanredder er en by og en kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Rantzau under Kreis Pinneberg. Kreis Pinneberg ligger i den sydlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Bokholt-Hanredder ligger nordvest for Hamborg, og består af landsbyerne Bokholt, Hanredder, Offenau og Voßloch.
Kommunen ligger ved landevejen L 75, mellem Elmshorn og Barmstedt.

Jernbanen Elmshorn-Barmstedt-Bad Oldesloe går gennem kommunen.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens websted
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2014 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Pinneberg

Bokholt-Hanredder


Alexandra Cadanțu (Bucarest, 3 de mayo de 1990) es una jugadora profesional de tenis rumana, que juega sobre todo el circuito femenino ITF. El 6 de enero de 2014 alcanzó su ranking individual WTA más alto, el puesto No. 59. Su ranking más alto en dobles ha sido 101. Empezó a jugar a los 3 años de edad y es entrenada por Bogdan Popovici.

Títulos WTA (1; 0+1)

Individuales (0)

Finalista en individuales (1)

Dobles (1)

Finalista en dobles (2)

Títulos WTA 125s (0; 0+0)

Individual (0)

Finalista (1)

Enlaces externos

Tenistas femeninas de Rumania
Nacidos en Bucarest

Alexandra Cadanțu


In mathematics, the axiom of dependent choice, denoted by , is a weak form of the axiom of choice () that is still sufficient to develop most of real analysis. It was introduced by Paul Bernays in a 1942 article that explores which set-theoretic axioms are needed to develop analysis.

Formal statement
A homogeneous relation  on  is called a total relation if for every  there exists some  such that  is true.

The axiom of dependent choice can be stated as follows:
For every nonempty set  and every total relation   on  there exists a sequence  in  such that
 for all

In fact, x0 may be taken to be any desired element of X. (To see this, apply the axiom as stated above to the set of finite sequences that start with x0 and in which subsequent terms are in relation , together with the total relation on this set of the second sequence being obtained from the first by appending a single term.)

If the set  above is restricted to be the set of all real numbers, then the resulting axiom is denoted by

Use
Even without such an axiom, for any , one can use ordinary mathematical induction to form the first  terms of such a sequence.
The axiom of dependent choice says that we can form a whole (countably infinite) sequence this way.

The axiom  is the fragment of  that is required to show the existence of a sequence constructed by transfinite recursion of countable length, if it is necessary to make a choice at each step and if some of those choices cannot be made independently of previous choices.

Equivalent statements
Over  (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory without the axiom of choice),  is equivalent to the Baire category theorem for complete metric spaces.

It is also equivalent over  to the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem.

 is also equivalent over  to the statement that every pruned tree with  levels has a branch (proof below).

Furthermore,  is equivalent to a weakened form of Zorn's lemma; specifically  is equivalent to the statement that any partial order such that every well-ordered chain is finite and bounded, must have a maximal element.

Relation with other axioms
Unlike full ,  is insufficient to prove (given ) that there is a non-measurable set of real numbers, or that there is a set of real numbers without the property of Baire or without the perfect set property. This follows because the Solovay model satisfies , and every set of real numbers in this model is Lebesgue measurable, has the Baire property and has the perfect set property.

The axiom of dependent choice implies the axiom of countable choice and is strictly stronger.

It is possible to generalize the axiom to produce transfinite sequences. If these are allowed to be arbitrarily long, then it becomes equivalent to the full axiom of choice.

Notes

References

Axiom of choice

Axiom of dependent choice


العصر الحجري الحديث أو النيوليت أحد العصور الزمنية وفق نظام التقسيم الثلاثي، وتختلف التحديدات الزمنية للعصور حسب البيئات الطبيعية، إلا أن أهم ميزة للعصر الحجري الحديث هو ما اصطلح على تسميته ثورة زراعية، أو الثورة النيوليتية، في منطقة الشرق الأوسط.

تقسيمات العصر الحجري الحديث

•المرحلة الأولى: العصر الحجري الحديث ما قبل الفخاري، يرمز له (Pre- Pottery Neolithic (P.P.N وتقع بين 8300- 6000 قبل الميلاد، مثل موقع بسطة (معان). وتقسم مرحلة العصر الحجري الحديث ما قبل الفخاري إلى مرحلتين

 العصر الحجري الحديث ما قبل الفخاري «أ» (Pre- Pottery Neolithic A(P.P.N.A يؤرخ ما بين 8300- 7600 قبل الميلاد.
 العصر الحجري الحديث ما قبل الفخاري "ب" (Pre- Pottery Neolithic B (P.P.N.B يؤرخ ما بين 7600- 6000 قبل الميلاد

•المرحلة الثانية: العصر الحجري الحديث الفخاري، يرمز له (Pottery Neolithic (P.N يؤرخ ما بين 6000- 4000 قبل الميلاد مثل خربة الذريح في الأردن.

كما أن هناك تقسيمات فرعية لكل من هذه الفترات متعلقة بتفاصيل محلية، تختلف من منطقة إلى أخرى باختلاف المظاهر الحضارية لكل عصر من العصورن وخاص في السمة الأساسية لهذا العصر وهي الزراعة.

لمحة تاريخية عن العصر الحجري الحديث

مع نهاية الألف التاسع قبل الميلاد دخلت بلاد الشام في عصر الزراعة الحقيقي، وذلك في العصر الحجري الحديث، وتعد مرحلة العصر الحجري الحديث ما قبل الفخاري "أ" المرحلة الأكثر أهمية وذلك عند دراسة الزراعة والتدجين والتطور المعماري والديني.

العصر الحجري الحديث ما قبل الفخاري «أ»

حيث لوحظ خلال هذه الفترة ظهور التجمعات السكنية الكبيرة والتي تميزت بقلة أعدادها، وقد نشأت الفرى الزراعية الأولى على أنقاض القرى السابقة أو في مواقع جديدة، كما هو الواقع في بسطة (معان) أو موقعي المربيط ووادي الفلاح في سوريا واللذان قاما على أنقاض القرى النطوفية.

و هنالك مواقع قامت في مناطق جديدة كموقع الشيخ حسن وموقع جرف الأحمر في سوريا أيضا.

العمارة

و ظهر في هذه الفترة نمط المنازل الدائرية الشكل، وقد ظهر نمط البيوت المستطلية والمتلاصقة مع بعضها ولكن البيوت الدائرية هي الأكثر انتشارا، كما أن عدد أفراد الأسرة أصبح أكثر من السابق، ويعزى العلماء ذلك إلى ظهور النمط الاقتصادي الجديد والذي تمثل بالزراعة، فكان لأبد من تعاون سكان القرى الزراعية وتكاتفهم مع بعضهم للعمل في هذا المجال، وقد مارس أنسان هذه المرحلة الفنة ن ذات الأشكال الهندسية والتي ظهرت في موفع المربيط في سوريا، وأيضا صنع أنسان هنا التماثيل الطينية النسانية وخاصة الأنثوية منها، وسيرد الحديث عنها بشكل مفصل فيما بعد.

الأدوات الحجرية

أما الأدوات الحجرية فقد صنع الأنسان هذا العصر رؤوس السهام وادوات الصيد وخاصة رؤوس النبال، وتم أنتاج النصال والمناجل وهي الأدوات الخاصة بالزراعة، وتم صقل الحجر والعظام والتي يعتقد أنها ذات صلة بمعتقد جنائزي أو ديني.

الزراعة

أما الزراعة فقد تم اختيار الأراضي الخصبة والرطبة ومناطق الجبلية وعلى المصاطب النهرية وقرب المصادر المائية، وقد زرع أنسان هذه المرحلة القمح والشعير والذي ظهر لأول مرة في مواقع الأراضي الفلسطينية.

العصر الحجري الحديث ما قبل الفخاري «ب»
فقد اتقنت المجتمعات والقرى الزراعية في هذه المرحلة الزراعة، بطريقه أفضل من السابقة، وقد مارست هذه المجتمعات التدجين المتطور، ولكن هذا التطور اختلف في مناطق بلاد الشام، ففي سوريا مثلا بقي التطور مستمرا بين مجتمعات ما قبل الفخار«أ» وعصر ما قبل الفخار «ب»، وقد عزى مجموعه من الباحثين هذا التطور الجديد في الزراعة والتدجين لجماعات بشريه جديدة.

العمارة

أما العمارة هذه المرحلة فقد اعتبرت السمة العامة لهذا العصر في بلاد الشام ذلك من خلال تطور البناء وظهور البيوت المعقدة التنظيم ومؤلفه من مجموعات من الوحدات السكنية المتصله ببعضها والمقسمه إلى غرف للنوم ومخازن ومواقد للنيران، وبعض هذه البيوت كانت مستقله ويعتقد بانها قد سكنت من قبل اسر كامله متقاربة مع بعضها وتنتمي إلى نفس القبيلة.

الزراعة

اما الحبوب التي زرعها إنسان هذا العصر فقد زرع القمح والشعير والبازيلاء والحمص والعدس والحمص وجمع اشجار اللوزيات والتين البري والجوز، وقد استخدم الإنسان الاخشاب للبناء وكوقود.

يمكن القول انها ان التجارة راجت في بلاد الشام وبلاد الاناضول مما يؤكد صح ذلك ما تم العثور عليه في مواقع هذه الفترة من حجر الاوبسيديان والذي مصدره بلاد الاناضول وهذا دليل على ان الإنسان هذا العصر كان إنسان متحرك ومنفتح على العالم الذي حوله وليس منعزل، وأنما دل فيدل على وجود المواصلات (مثل ركوب الدواب أو حتى السفر على الاقدام) بحثا عن موارد وخامات أخرى غير التي بين يديه، وبذلك يتطلع على ثقافات الغير ويتصل بها ومن المؤكد أن يتأثر بها أيضا.
وتميز إنسان هذه المرحلة في موقع عين غزال بصناعته للفخار، حيث تم العثور على اواني وكسر فخارية، وأو ما يسمى بالعجينة البيضاء.

الصناعة

أما الصناعة فقد تطور تقنية صنع الأدوات الحجريه كأدوات صيد، ورؤوس النبال والمثاقب والمقشط واصبحت مهدبة الشكل، كما تطورت الأدوات الزراعية كالمناجل والرحى والاجران والأدوات العظميه المنوعه كالإبر والمخارز، وربما يشير إلى تطور في صناعة الملابس والنسيج.

يسمي الدارسين عصر الحجري الحديث ما قبل الفخاري «ب» بعصر «الثورة الإنتاجيه الأولى» يؤرخ إلى ما بين 7600 – 6000 قبل الميلاد.

المميزات العامة العصر الحجري الحديث ما قبل الفخاري

1.مارست المجتمعات أو القرى في هذه المرحلة الزراعة والتدجين.

2.ظهرت تقنيات جديده في طَرق الحجر واستخرجت نصال طويله من نوى كبيره تشبه في شكلها السفينة أطلق عليها الباحثون اسم (Navi-form).

3.تكاثر إنتاج رؤوس النبال الطويلة ذات الساق ومنها أنواع أطلق عليها «نبال العمق».

4.انتشر بشكل واسع تشذيب الأدوات الحجريه من خلال الضغط، وطبق هذا التشذيب بشكل كثيف على رؤوس النبال، وانتشرت البلاطات المصقوله والمصنوعه من الأحجار الخضراء.

5.اما العمارة فقد ظهرت البيوت الكبيرة المستطيله المؤلفه من عددة غرف وذات الأرضيات الصلبة المضغوطه والمطليه بالكلس، وأصبحت المنازل أقوى وأكبر وأفضل تنظيما.

6.اما بالنسبة للفكر الديني بالأضافه للمعتقدات الدينية من المراحل السابقة وهي عبادة الربة الام والثور المقدس، ظهرت عقيده جديدة وهي عبادة الجماجم أو (عبادة الأجداد) وهذه الجماجم قد اخرجت من القبور ووضعت في ارضيات السكن وعلى قواعد صلبه.

العصر الحجري الحديث الفخاري

تبدأ التغيرات منذ نهاية المرحلة الأخيرة من العصر الحجري الحديث ما قبل الفخاري «ب» أي في منتصف الألف السابع وذلك ما بين 6600- 6000 قبل الميلاد، وكان أهم هذه التحولات هو الانتشار المكاني والجغرافي للمستوطنات، فقد خرجت هذه القرى إلى مناطق جديدة تربتها جيدة من أجل زراعة الحبوب، وقد هجرت بعض القرى السابقة كموقع المربيط في سوريا والشيخ حسن وانتقل الناس جنوبا إلى مناطق أقل أمطارا فنشأت في موقع أبو هريرة (السوية العليا)، وبقرص في حوض الفرات والكوم في البادية السورية، كذلك موقع تل الأسود وتل الغريفة في حوض دمشقن وقد قامت مستوطنات جديدة كتل الرماد ورأس شمرا على الساحل السوري وموقع اللبوة في منطقة البقاع اللبناني ومجموعة أخرى من المواقع في جنوبي بلاد الشام

يبدو أن السبب الرئيسي في هذا التحول سببه الجفاف الذي حل بالمنطقة، فجعل الحياة مستحيلة في الأراضي السابقة، ولذلك انتقل الأنسان من المناطق السابقة إلى مواقع أخرى مع أن بعض المواقع حافظت على استمرارية الاستيطان البشري فيها.

نقل الأنسان معه مهاراته الخاصة في الزراعة والتدجين مع أضافة تتطورات عامة على هذه المواضيع السابقة للتتناسب مع الظروف البيئية والاقتصادية الجديدة، كمعرفتهم للري الصناعي (الزراعة المروية) بدلا من الزراعة البعلية، وهذا يدل على وجود سلطة سياسية تدير هذه التقنية الجديدة.
أما العمارة فقد ظهر تنظيم معماري للقرى والذي تمثل في البيوت الخاصة بالسكن وقد استخدام الجص والملاط في الأرضيات وزودت البيوت بالمواقد لأغراض الطبخ والتدفئة، وقد اعتبرت قرية بقرص مثالا على التطورات السابقة الذكر، وجاء مثال مشابه لهذا الموقع من جنوب الأردن كموقع البسطة فقد كشف الموقع عن وجود ارضيات كلسية، وقد بنيت وفق مخطط محكم على شكل شبكة، ومر أسفل البلاطات الحجرية أقنية مائية.

من مواقع المهمة في هذه الفترة أيضا موقع عين غزال في الأردن والذي يعد من أكبر مواقع العصر الحجري الحديث، حيث كانت القرية مسورة وشوارعها مبلطة.

أما تدجين الحيوان في هذه المرحلة من العصر الحجري الحديث الفخاري، فقد توسع الأنسان في هذه الفترة بتدجين الحيوانات فدجن الأبقار والماعز، واستفاد من لحمها وحليبها وجلودها، بالأضافة إلى الزراعة القمح والشعير والتي يطلق عليها في الوقت الحالي اسم الزراعة المختلطة وذلك لأنها تجمع ما بين الزراعة وتدجين الحيوانات.
و يمكن هنا اعتبار السمة البارزة في هذه المرحلة الا وهي صناعة الفخار التي طغت على الصناعات الأخرى ولكن مع استمرارية صناعة الأدوات العظمية والحجرية وغيرها من الأدوات التي لا غنى عنها، وكانت معظم الفخار الذي صنع هنا عبارة عن أواني كبية الأحجام كصحون والقصعات. وقد أصبح الناس هنا أكثر تنظيما من السابق، وقد تبلورت لديهم السلطة الدينية والاجتماعية، وذلك بعد ازدياد إعداد السكان ونماء حاجاتهم الروحية والمادية.

قائمة المصادر والمراجع

 كفافي، زيدان. 1990؛ الأردن في العصور الحجرية، مؤسسة آل البيت: عمان.
 محيسن، سلطان. 1994؛ بلاد الشام في عصور ما قبل التاريخ، دار الأبجدية: دمشق.
 محيسن، سلطان. 2001؛ عصور ما قبل التاريخ، جامعة دمشق: سوريا.
 ميلارت، جيمس. 1990؛ أقدم الحضارات في الشرق الأدنى، (ترجمة) محمد طلب، دار دمشق: دمشق.
 النمري، غسان. 2002؛ عمان في العصر الحجري الحديث التحليل البنائي لمنحوتات عين غزال، أمانة عمان: عمان.

مراجع

آثار الهلال الخصيب
العصر الحجري الحديث
تاريخ الأردن
تاريخ سوريا
تاريخ فلسطين

العصر الحجري الحديث في بلاد الشام


Der Oberrothhof besteht aus zwei Gehöften  und zählt zu Schleid im Wartburgkreis in Thüringen.

Lage
Der Ortsteil Oberrothhof befindet sich an der hessisch-thüringischen Grenze im Biosphärenreservat Rhön in einem nach Westen offenen und nach Osten mit Wald begrenzten Gelände.  Der Roßberg mit   ist der höchste Berg bei Schleid.
Die geographische Höhe des Ortes beträgt .

Geschichte
Am 4. Oktober 1309 wurde der Hof erstmals urkundlich erwähnt.
In der Feldflur neben dem nördlichen Gehöft erkennt man noch die Anlage von Feldsteifen aus der spätmittelalterlichen Phase der Besiedlung. Der Hof befindet sich dicht unter der Waldkante und am Rande des mäßig steil ansteigenden Hanges. Der Ortsname verweist auf eine Gruppe von Gehöften, die vermutlich gleichzeitig im Nahbereich (3 km Luftlinie) der fuldischen Amtsburg Rockenstuhl entstanden und dieser Burg als Wirtschaftshöfe dienten.

Trivia
Einen kuriosen Fund machte die Freiwillige Feuerwehr Motzlar Anfang Mai 2009 bei einem Einsatz am Löschwasserteich Oberrothof. Ein ausgewachsener Biber hatte sich am Teichrand eingefunden – laut Auskunft der Naturschutzbehörde das erste Belegexemplar im Wartburgkreis. Ob das scheue Tier aus Hessen oder von der bei Meiningen ansässigen Population abstammt, sollten genetische Tests belegen. Die Untersuchungen ergaben einen Nachweis als europäischen Biber, der wohl aus der südhessischen Region eingewandert war. Der Biber wurde einige Tage später wieder am Ulsterufer in Freiheit gesetzt.

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Wartburgkreis
Schleid (Rhön)
Ersterwähnung 1309

Oberrothhof


NGC 6529 je jedan do danas nepotvrđen objekt u zviježđu Strijelcu. Sva promatranja poslije nisu na tom položaju uočila nikoji objekt.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

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   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 6529
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 6529 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
   DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 6500 - 6549

6529

NGC 6529


Ernest Roze (París, 14 de junio de 1833 - Chatou, 25 de mayo de 1900) fue un poeta, naturalista, pteridólogo, briólogo, micólogo, y algólogo francés.

Algunas publicaciones
 . 1900. Le Puccinia chrysanthemi, cause de la rouille du Chrysanthemum indicum L. Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 16: 88-93
 ---------------. 1897. Les espèces du genre Amylotrogus, parasites de la fécule. Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 13: 76-89
 ---------------. 1896. Sur une nouvelle bactériacée de la pomme de terre. 6 pp.
 ---------------. 1894. L'introduction du Tabac en France par Jean Nicot. 6 pp.
 ---------------. 1888. Recherches biologiques sur l'Azolla filiculoides Lam.. Mémoires Publiés par la Sociéte Philomathique a l'occasion du Centenaire de sa fondation 1788-1888. Editor	Gáuthier Villars et Fils.
 ---------------, . 1880. Le mousseron des haies, champignon comestible des environs de Poitiers. 5 pp.
 ---------------. 1873a. Des Myxomycètes et de leur place dans le système. Editor impr. de L. Martinet, 7 pp.
 ---------------. 1873b. De la fécondation chez les cryptogames supérieurs et en particulier chez les sphaignes. Editor Impr. de L. Martinet
 ---------------, . 1862. Bryologie parisienne, récit de trois excursions aux environs de Beauvais. Editor Impr. de Martinet, 4 pp.
 ---------------, . 1861. Note sur quelques Mousses rares ou nouvelles, recemment trouvees aux moirons de Paris. Bull. Soe. Bot. vii. : 433-434

Libros
 . 1976. Charles de L'Escluse, d'Arras, le propagateur de la pomme de terre au XVIe siècle: sa biographie et sa correspondance. Edición reimpresa de Landré & Meesters, 109 pp.
 ---------------. 1900. L'"Uredo chrysanthemi", parasite du "Chrysanthemum indicum" L., et le "Puccinia chrysanthemi", cause de la rouille du "Chrysanthemum indicum" L.. Editor Impr. de L. Declume, 20 pp.
 ---------------. 1899. Le petit traité des champignons comestibles et pernicieux de la Hongrie: décrits au XVIe siècle, par Charles de l'Escluze, d'Arras. Edición reimpresa de Impr. et Lithographie L. Declume, 56 pp.
 ---------------. 1898. Histoire de La Pomme de Terre. Edición reimpresa de Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2010. 482 pp. ISBN 1-160-66957-0
 ---------------. 1889. La flore d'Étampes en 1747 d'après Descurain et Guettard. 12 pp.
 ---------------. 1888a. Le jardin des plantes en 1636. 10 pp.
 . 1888b. Atlas des champignons comestibles et vénéneux de la France et des pays circonvoisins... Editor O. Doin, 265 pp.
 . 1876. Essai d'une nouvelle classification des agaricinées et catalogue des agaricinées observées aux environs de Paris. Editor impr. de Martinet, 17 pp.
 ---------------, . 1872. Sur deux nouveaux types génériques pour les familles des Saprolégniées et des Péronosporées. Volumen 2, N.º 5 de Bibliothèque de l'École des hautes études: Section des sciences naturelles. 20 pp.
 . 1867. Les fougères, choix des espèces les plus remarquables pour la décoration des serres, parcs, jardins et salons, précd́é de leur histoire botanique & horticole. Editor	J. Rothschild, 242 pp. texto en línea
 . 1864. Recherches sur les anthérozoides des cryptogames. 24 pp.
 ---------------. 1855. Fleurs de printemps: premiéres poésies. Editor Librairie de Nolet, 96 pp.

Premios y reconocimientos
 Miembro de la Société Botanique de France, y su presidente en 1891
 Legión de Honor, Comendador al Mérito Agrícola, y Director de Instrucción Pública

Eponimia

Género de hongos
 (Cortinariaceae) Rozites (Pers.) P.Karst.

Véase también
 Anexo:Presidentes de la Sociedad Botánica de Francia

Referencias

Botánicos de Francia del siglo XIX
Micólogos de Francia del siglo XIX
Escritores en francés
Société Botanique de France
Pteridólogos de Francia del siglo XIX
Algólogos de Francia del siglo XIX
Briólogos de Francia del siglo XIX
Poetas de Francia del siglo XIX
Caballeros de la Legión de Honor
Nacidos en París

Ernest Roze


Luka Voino-Iasenețki, cunoscut și ca Sfântul Luca al Crimeii, născut Valentin Feliksovici Voino-Iasenețki (în ; ), a fost un chirurg rus, fondator al chirurgiei septice, scriitor religios, episcop al Bisericii Ortodoxe Ruse și arhiepiscop de Simferopol și Crimeea începând din mai 1946. A fost laureat al Premiului Stalin pentru medicină în 1946.

Biografie
Valentin Voino-Iasenețki s-a născut în familia unor credincioși ortodocși, dar, potrivit memoriilor sale, nu a primit o educație religioasă din partea părinților. El a deprins învățăturile lui Hristos prin citirea cu asiduitate a Noului Testament. A intrat prin concurs la Academia de Arte din Kiev, dar a abandonat-o pentru a urma studii de medicină la Universitatea din Kiev. A lucrat o perioadă ca medic chirurg și anestezist în mai multe spitale din Rusia. A realizat un număr mare și variat de intervenții chirurgicale și s-a remarcat îndeosebi în chirurgia oftalmologică, efectuând transplanturi de cornee în cazuri de trahom. A studiat timp de mulți ani anestezia regională și a încercat tratamentul nevralgiei de trigemen cu anestezie locală. A efectuat numeroase operații chirurgicale în timpul Primului Război Mondial.

În 1916 s-a mutat la Tașkent, crezând că tuberculoza de care suferea soția sa se va ameliora acolo datorită climei calde. Soția sa a murit la Tașkent în octombrie 1919. După înființarea Universității din Tașkent, medicul Valentin Voino-Iasenețki a fost numit profesor universitar de anatomie și chirurgie și a condus una dintre cele mai vestite clinici chirurgicale din Asia Centrală. A publicat mai multe studii de medicină; principala sa lucrare este Eseuri de chirurgie septică (în ), care este considerată încă o carte de referință și un manual pentru chirurgi. Apariția acestei lucrări a avut o mare importanță în anii următori Primului Război Mondial, când antibioticele nu apăruseră încă sau nu erau accesibile în Uniunea Sovietică.

Medicul Voino-Iasenețki era o persoană religioasă și se ruga Maicii Domnului înaintea fiecărei operații. În februarie 1921, în plină perioadă de persecuție religioasă, când preoții și episcopii erau întemnițați, exilați sau împușcați, el a fost hirotonit preot și apoi tuns în monahism cu numele Luca. Atârnase o icoană în sala de operații și ținea cursuri îmbrăcat în haine preoțești și cu o cruce la gât. Primele conflicte cu autoritățile comuniste au avut loc atunci când reprezentanții noului regim au interzis prezența icoanelor în spitale. Ieromonahul Luca a fost hirotonit episcop de Tașkent și Turkestan la 31 mai 1923, în timpul patriarhului Tihon al Moscovei. Autoritățile comuniste au dispus concedierea lui de la universitate și apoi arestarea lui.

În perioada sovietică a fost supus represiunilor politice și a fost de mai multe ori anchetat și arestat până la declanșarea Războiului Ruso-German. A trăit 11 ani în exil în diferite locuri de pe teritoriul Uniunii Sovietice. A fost deportat inițial în ținutul Turuhansk și adus înapoi după mai multe intervenții, apoi, în 1930, a fost condamnat la 3 ani de exil pentru o presupusă instigare la crimă și deportat la Arhanghelsk după ce un fost coleg, medicul și profesorul universitar Ivan Mihailovski, s-a sinucis într-o criză de nebunie. În această perioadă episcopul Luca și-a continuat activitatea de medic, vindecând gratuit un număr mare de bolnavi și, potrivit lui Alexandr Soljenițîn, chiar și pe unii activiști comuniști. În 1933 a călătorit la Leningrad pentru a se opera de o tumoră, iar primul secretar local Serghei Kirov a încercat să-l convingă să renunțe la rangul bisericesc, oferindu-i conducerea unui institut medical. Episcopul Luca a refuzat și s-a întors în 1934 la Tașkent, de unde a fost deportat pentru a treia oară în ținutul Krasnoiarsk. Încă de la începutul Marelui Război pentru Apărarea Patriei a lucrat în diferite spitale militare din Siberia, unde a efectuat numeroase operații, aplicând propria metodă de tratament a rănilor purulente și salvând viețile a mii de militari sovietici.

În anul 1942 situația Bisericii Ortodoxe Ruse s-a îmbunătățit, iar autoritățile sovietice i-au permis episcopului Luca să-și desfășoare activitatea de ierarh. A îndeplinit funcțiile de arhiepiscop de Krasnoiarsk și Enisei (1942-1944) și arhiepiscop de Tambov și Miciurinsk (1944-1946). În 1946 a fost numit în rangul de arhiepiscop de Simferopol și Crimeea, militând în următorii 15 ani pentru redeschiderea bisericilor și încetarea persecuției religioase. Episcopul Luca a trăit o viață întreagă în condiții modeste, dăruindu-și toate câștigurile săracilor sau orfanilor de război. Starea precară de sănătate l-a împiedicat să mai opereze, iar în 1956 a orbit complet. A murit la 11 iunie 1961, la vârsta de 84 de ani, iar mormântul său a devenit curând un loc de pelerinaj pentru credincioși.

Canonizarea și cinstirea lui
Sinodul Bisericii Ortodoxe din Ucraina (aflată în jurisdicția Bisericii Ortodoxe Ruse) a recunoscut evlavia populară a credincioșilor față de arhiepiscopul Luca și a propus în 1995 canonizarea lui ca sfânt. Pe 17 martie 1996 rămășițele pământești ale arhiepiscopului Luca au fost deshumate, în cadrul unei ceremonii la care au participat mai multe mii de persoane, și, potrivit unor martori, răspândeau o mireasmă plăcută, iar inima lui a fost găsită neputrezită. Trei zile mai târziu, pe 20 martie 1996, moaștele sale au fost mutate în Catedrala "Sf. Treime" din Simferopol. Arhiepiscopul Luca al Crimeii a fost canonizat de Biserica Ortodoxă Rusă la 25 mai 1996. Ziua sa de prăznuire este 29 mai/11 iunie (calendarul iulian [vechi]/calendarul gregorian [nou]).

Sfântul Sinod al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române a hotărât în ședința de lucru din 28-29 septembrie 2012 includerea din anul 2013 a Sfântului Ierarh Luca, Arhiepiscopul Crimeii în calendarul creștin ortodox român, cu ziua de prăznuire la 11 iunie, considerându-l un "model de ierarh și medic creștin care se bucură deja de cinstire deosebită în multe Biserici Ortodoxe".

În prezent, moaștele Sf. Luca se află în Catedrala Sfintei Treimi din Simferopol, dar unele părticele au fost răspândite în alte biserici ortodoxe din întreaga lume: mănăstirile Sagmata și Dovra din Grecia, capela Spitalului Clinic de Urgență Floreasca și Biserica Șerban Vodă din București etc. Credincioșii ortodocși din întreaga lume manifestă evlavie față de Sfântul Luca și sunt consemnate numeroase minuni atribuite mijlocirii sale.

Galerie

Note

Bibliografie
 Arhideaconul Vasili Marușceak, The Blessed Surgeon: The Life of Saint Luke of Simferopol, Divine Ascent Press, 2002
 Arhimandritul Nektarios Antonopoulos, Saint Luke of Simferopol and Crimea I Embraced Martyrdom: An Autobiography, Porphyra Publications, 2013
 Alexandr Soljenițîn, Arhipelagul Gulag, vol. II, cap. 10 (În loc de politici), Ed. Univers, București, 2008, pp. 236-237; traducere de Ion Covaci.

Nașteri în 1877
Decese în 1961
Laureați ai Premiului Stalin
Inventatori ruși
Chirurgi ruși
Sfinți ortodocși ruși
Doctori fără de arginți
Eponime ale asteroizilor
Victime ale regimului comunist

Luka Voino-Iasenețki


Ayşe Melike Demirağ (d. 3 Haziran 1956, İstanbul), Türk şarkıcı ve oyuncudur.

1970'li yıllarda seslendirdiği politik şarkıları ile tanınır. Arkadaş (1974)  filmindeki rolü ile ünlendi. Bu filmde seslendirdiği Arkadaş adlı şarkı, dönemin en sevilen şarkıları arasına girmişti.

Hayatı
1956 yılında İstanbul'da doğdu. Annesi caz şarkıcısı Rüçhan Çamay, babası film yapımcısı Turgut Demirağ'dır. Melike Demirağ, Üsküdar Türk Kız Koleji'nden mezun oldu. 1971 yılında babasının yönetmenliğini yaptığı Üç Kızgın Cengaver başlıklı film ile sinema oyunculuğuna adım attı. 1974 yılında, 18 yaşındayken Yılmaz Güney'in yönettiği Arkadaş adlı filmde Yılmaz Güney ile başrolü paylaştı. Film ile aynı adı taşıyan ve Şanar Yurdatapan bestesi Arkadaş adlı şarkıyı da seslendirdi. Arkadaş, dönemin en sevilen şarkıları arasına girdi. Film çalışması sırasında tanıştığı Şanar Yurdatapan ile 28 Aralık 1976'da evlendi. Bu evlilikten Zeynep Ferah (1979) ve Can (1989) adında iki çocuğu oldu.

Demirağ'ın ünü, Merhaba (1975), Hadi Canım Sen De (1975), Ağlamak Ayıp Değil (1976), Ninni (1976), Pervane ile Işık (1977) adlı şarkıların 45'likleriyle arttı. 1978 yılında senaryosunu Yılmaz Güney'in yazdığı Sürü adlı filmde Berivan rolünü canlandırarak Tarık Akan ile başrolü paylaştı.  Bu filmdeki oyunculuğu, 1980 askeri darbesi nedeniyle yapılamayan 17. Altın Portakal Film Festivali'nin 31 yıl sonra  2011 Antalya Altın Portakal Film Festivali sırasında yapılan ödül töreninde en iyi kadın oyuncu ödülü ile ödüllendirildi.

Esmeray, İskender Doğan ve Kerem Yılmazer ile birlikte oluşturdukları Grup Sextet ile 1978 yılında "İnsanız Biz adlı şarkıyı seslendirdikleri  Eurovision yarışması Türkiye elemelerinde ikinci oldu. 1980 askerî darbesinden sonra siyasi görüşleri nedeniyle yurt dışına çıktı ve 11 yıl ailesi ile Almanya'da yaşadı.  Meksika, ABD, Avustralya başta olmak üzere çeşitli ülkelerde konserler verdi. 12 Eylül sonrasında yapılan "yurda dön" çağrısına uymamış olmaları sebebiyle 1983'te resmi gazetede yayımlanan karar ile eşi Şanar Yurdatapan ile Türk vatandaşlığından çıkarılanlar arasındaydı.

Almanya'da iken Şanar Yurdatapan ile birlikte hazırladığı İstanbul'da Olmak: Anadolu başlıklı albümün İstanbul'da Olmak başlıklı şarkı, çeşitli sebeplerle ülkesine dönemeyen kişilerin duygularını ifade eden bir şarkı olarak popüler oldu. Albüm, siyasî göçmenlerin yurtdışında yaptıkları kültür ve sanat eserlerinin Türkiye'ye sokulması, yasaklanması ve çoğaltılmasının yasak olduğu gerekçesiyle Türkiye'de yasaklandı. Bu yasak, 1989 yılının aralık ayında kalktı. Türkiye'ye dönmeye karar veren Demirağ, Türkiye'ye gelebilmek için Alman vatandaşlığına geçti ve Alman pasaportu ile 24 Aralık 1991'de Türkiye'ye döndü.1992'de yurttaşlığı iade edildi.

Türkiye'ye döndükten sonra Şanar Yurdatapan'dan boşanan sanatçı, klip yönetmeni Orhan Çetin'le evlenmiş ve ayrılmıştır.

Sanatçı, 2009 yılında Geri Dönüşüm adlı albümünü yayımladı. Albüm, 2020 yılında dijital platformlarda yer aldı.

Diskografisi

45'likleri
 1974: Arkadaş / İsimsiz Kahramanlar
 1975: Hadi Canım Sen De / Merhaba
 1975: Ninni / Ağlamak Ayıp Değil
 1976: Ne Olmuş Sana / Pışşık
 1977: Aşk Bestesi / Hani
 1977: Elele / Niçin
 1977: İnsanız Biz / Vur Şu Sazın Tellerine

Albümleri
 1977: Merhaba Arkadaş
 1977: Güneş Yine Doğacak
 1978: Yeter Artık
 1979: 79 Yılında
 1980: Makina Yiyor Beni
 1982: Demir Parmaklıklar Arkasındaki Türkiye'den Özgürlük Şarkıları
 1985: Bu Memleket Bizim
 1989: İstanbul'da Olmak: Anadolu
 1991: Hariçten Gazel (Alışamadım)
 1992: Merhaba Arkadaş
 1993: Kim Kime Dum Duma
 1994: Melike Demirağ 94 Yılında
 1997: Ruhlar Şehri
 2009: Geri Dönüşüm

Filmografisi
 1971: Üç Kızgın Cengaver
 1974: Arkadaş
 1978: Sürü
 2001: Yedi Tepe İstanbul (TV dizisi)
 2001: Şöhret Sandalı (TV dizisi)
 2003: Gönderilmemiş Mektuplar (TV dizisi)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Yaşayan insanlar
1956 doğumlular
İstanbul doğumlu kadın oyuncular
1970'lerin şarkıcıları
1980'lerin şarkıcıları
1990'ların şarkıcıları
Türk kadın sinema oyuncuları
Türk kadın dizi oyuncuları
Türk vejetaryenler
Türk kadın pop şarkıcıları
2000'lerin şarkıcıları

Melike Demirağ


Das Tennis-Dameneinzel der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2000 wurde vom 19. bis 27. September im NSW Tennis Centre ausgetragen.

Titelverteidigerin war Lindsay Davenport. Das Finale bestritten Venus Williams und Jelena Dementjewa, das Williams in zwei Sätzen gewann.

Setzliste

Zeichenerklärung

Ergebnisse

Viertelfinale, Halbfinale, Finale

Obere Hälfte

Obere Hälfte 1

Obere Hälfte 2

Obere Hälfte 3

Obere Hälfte 4

Untere Hälfte

Untere Hälfte 1

Untere Hälfte 2

Untere Hälfte 3

Untere Hälfte 4

Weblinks
 Draw auf ITFtennis.com (englisch)

Tennis-Dameneinzel
2000
Tennisturnier in Sydney
Tennisturnier 2000

Olympische Sommerspiele 2000/Tennis/Dameneinzel


Ensemble Felix er et kammerensemble baseret i københavnsområdet.

Ensemblet består af 5 strygere og 5 blæsere, og kalder sig en sinfonietta, fordi det med den besætning hævder at kunne spille store dele af den klassiske musik i miniatureformat, én musiker pr. stemme.

Ensemblet er opstået i 2002 og har siden afholdt op til ca. 9 koncerter om året hvoraf nogle dog med samme program. Det samarbejder med forskellige dirigenter, solister og kor, og opfører f.eks. i foråret 2017 Bachs Matthæus-passion i uddrag og Mozarts Rekviem.

Kilde
Ensemblets netsted

Kammerensembler fra Danmark

Ensemble Felix


Zićir, zikir, zikr ( tur. zikir ← arap. ḍikr, pobožno izgovaranje, invokacija Božje imena), jezično znači spominjati, sjećati se, ne biti u stanju gafleta, klanjati namaz i činiti dovu. U nazivlju sufija zikr podrazumijeva spominjanje Alaha određenim riječima ili rečenicama. S obzirom na to da se u islamu smatra da zikr oslobađa čovjeka od lažnih ljubavi a smješta u srce ljubav prema Alahu te da sve lijepe osobine dolaze do izražaja posredstvom zikra, zikr je zapovijeđen Kuranom i sunnetom i Alahovi dostovi ga stavljaju na prvo mjesto odmah iza teobe.

Izvori

Islam

Zićir