Brezany este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Žilina din regiunea Žilina. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 629 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Brezany este atestată documentar din 1393.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Brezany


Toros Dağları'nın batı uzantılarından Bey Dağları, Antalya sınırları içindedir. Bey Dağları grubu, Antalya Körfezi'nin batısında, kuzey-güney doğrultusunda körfeze paralel olarak uzanır. 600–3086 m rakımlar arasında yer alan dağlar jeolog ve coğrafya bilimciler için çok değişik olanaklar sunar.

Tekedoruğu, Bakirli Dağı, Tahtalı Dağı ve Kızlar Sivrisi önemli doruklarıdır. En yüksek doruğu 3086 m. ile Kızlar Sivrisi'dir. Dağcılar bu doruğa sedir ormanlarıyla kaplı Çamçukuru Vadisi'nden ulaşır. Vadiye en kolay ulaşım Antalya- Elmalı yolu iledir. Dağa tırmanış bir gün içerisinde tamamlanabilir.

Kemer'in batısındaki Tahtalı Dağı ilginç yamaçlarla süslüdür. Yükseltileri 2360 m'ye uzanır. Çam ve karışık ağaçlı ormanlar 2000 m'ye kadar uzanır. Tahtalı Dağı'na tırmanış Soğukpınar'dan başlar ve Akdeniz'i gören sırtlar üzerinden yapıldığında eşsiz manzaralar sunar. Soğukpınar'dan kısa bir yürüyüş ve tırmanış ile kamp alanına ulaşılır. Yıl boyu Bey Dağları'na gezi düzenlemek olanaklıdır. Ancak nisan, mayıs, haziran ayları iklimin uygunluğu ve yörenin flora zenginliğinin belirdiği dönem olması nedeniyle daha uygundur.

Alanya'dan son zamanlarda, dağ turizmi, trekking ve amatör dağcılığa elverişli gelişme başta Akdağ (2451m kuzey-doğu) ve Cebelireis Dağı (1649m Dim yöresi) olmak üzere göstermeye başlamıştır. Akdağ bakanlığımızca "Kış Sporları Turizm Merkezi" ilan edilmiştir.

Dorukları
En tanınmış dorukları şunlardır:
 Teke Doruğu
 Bakırlı Dağı
 Tahtalı Dağı
 Kızlar Sivrisi

Kızlar Sivrisi
Kızlar Sivrisi 3086 m. ile en yüksek doruğudur. Bu doruğa tırmanmak isteyen dağcılar Antalya- Elmalı yolu üzerinden Sedir ormanlarıyla kaplı Çamçukuru Vadisine ve oradanda doruğa doğru yol alırlar. Dağa tırmanış bir günde başarılabilir.

Tahtalı Dağı
Yüksekliği 2360m varan Tahtalı Dağı Kemerin batısında bulunur ve ilginç yamaçlarla süslüdür. 2000m yüksekliğine kadar Çam ve karışık ağaçlı ormanlar ile kaplıdır. Tahtalı Dağı'na tırmanmak isteyen dağcılar Soğukpınar'dan başlarlar ve Akdeniz'i gören sırtlar üzerinden tırmanarak eşsiz manzaralara tanık olurlar. Ayrıca, zirveye teleferik ile çıkılabilir.

Beydağları Miyosen Stratigrafisi
Bölgenin stratigrafisi, Uluslararası Stratigrafi Kılavuzu'ndaki Hedbers ve diğerleri (1976) tarafından belirtilmiş ilkelere uygun olarak yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Her formasyon tanımlanmış bir tip kesiti ile haritalanabilir bir birimdir (1:50.000 ölçekte). Daha önce kullanılmış adlamalara (Pisoni, 1967; Poisson, 1977; Önalan, 1980; Şenel, 1980; Tolun, 1965 ve Zaralıoğlu, 1967) olabildiğince sadık kalınmıştır. Yeni adlamalar uluslararası kurallara uyulması gereken yerlerde ve ayrıntılı çalışmaların ortaya çıkardığı yeni birimler için kullanılmıştır. Bazı durumlarda formasyonlar, grup ya da üye mertebesine çevrilmiştir. Poisson (1977)'un araştırmasından önce birçok resmi olmayan stratigrafik adlamalar, Bey Dağları ve Susuz Dağı gibi değişik bölgelerde yer alan Miyosen istifi ile ilişkili olarak, ileri sürülmüştür (Pisoni, 1967; Tolun, 1965; Zaralıoğlu, 1967). Daha yakın dönemlerde Önalan (1980) ve Şenel (1980) Miyosen istifinin değişik kısımları için çoğunlukla tip kesitleri tanımlanmayan stratigrafik adlamalar önermişlerdir. Bu çalışma sırasında yersel ve resmi olmayan stratigrafilerin deneştirilmesinin güç olacağı ortaya çıktığından, tüm Miyosen istifini kapsayan yeni bir stratigrafinin önerilmesi zorunlu olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Karakustepe Grubu adı altında toplanan tüm Miyosen istifleri içerisinde 3 formasyon ve 5 üye ayırt edilmiştir. Bu tür bir ayırım stratigrafi birimlerin sayısını azalttığı gibi, birimlerin yanal geçişlerini de göz önüne almaktadır.

Bey Dağlarında tarihi kalıntılar
Bey Dağları'nda bulunan arkeolojik kalıntıların keşfi 1997'den 2006 yılına dek Akdeniz Üniversitesi'nden Prof. Dr. Nevzat Çevik, Yrd. Doç. Dr. İsa Kızgut ve Öğrt. Gör. Süleyman Bulut'un organize ettiği uluslararası bir ekiple araştırılmıştır. 2007 yılından itibaren Yrd. Doç. Dr. İsa Kızgut başkanlığında çalışmalara devam edilmiş ve Trebenna, Neapolis, Kelbessos, Onobara, Typallia, Kithanaura, Mnara gibi pek çok antik kent ve yüzlerce antik çiftlik ve garnizon tespit edilmiş ve sırasıyla yayınlanmaktadır. Bey Dağları kalıntıları doğu Likya ve GB Pisidia kültür bölgelerini kapsar.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Türkiye'deki dağlar listesi
 Türkiye'deki yanardağlar
 Türkiye'nin dağları

Kaynakça

Türkiye'deki Önemli Kuş Alanları

Bey Dağları


Tartu (D636) foi um contratorpedeiro da classe T-53, pertencente à Marinha Nacional Francesa, que participou da Guerra de Independência Argelina e da Guerra da Lagosta, conflito envolvendo o Brasil e a França.

História
Nomeado em homenagem ao ex-capitão da Marinha Francesa, Jean-François Tartu (1751⎯1793), a embarcação começou a ser construída em Nantes no ano de 1955.

Em 1958, foi comissionada e participou da Guerra de Independência Argelina contra forças nacionalistas argelinas.

Guerra da Lagosta

Em 1961, durante a Guerra da Lagosta, o Tartu partiu para a costa do Nordeste brasileiro, visando escoltar barcos de pesca franceses que estavam pescando lagostas ilegalmente na zona econômica exclusiva brasileira. Após 1 semana de tensões e um quase confronto direto, os franceses se retiraram para o outro lado do Atlântico.

Fim de carreira
O contratorpedeiro serviu por 21 anos até ser descomissionado em dezembro de 1979. Ele foi afundado em 1998, usado como alvo em um treinamento militar.

Referências

Guerra de Independência Argelina
Conflitos em 1961
Conflitos em 1962
Marinha da França
Navios de 1955
Contratorpedeiros da Marinha Nacional Francesa

Tartu (D636)


Der Gerichtsbezirk Frohnleiten war ein dem Bezirksgericht Frohnleiten unterstehender Gerichtsbezirk im Bundesland Steiermark. Er lag im Norden des Bezirks Graz-Umgebung.

Geschichte
Der Gerichtsbezirk Frohnleiten wurde durch eine 1849 beschlossene Kundmachung der Landes-Gerichts-Einführungs-Kommission geschaffen und umfasste 13 "neue Ortsgemeinden" (in Reihenfolge der Nennung; in Klammer die enthaltenen 35 Gemeinden, "1"= wie die Ortsgem.):

Der Gerichtsbezirk Frohnleiten bildete im Zuge der Trennung der politischen von der judikativen Verwaltung
ab 1868 gemeinsam mit den Gerichtsbezirken Graz Umgebung und Voitsberg den Bezirk Graz-Umgebung.

Nachdem durch eine kaiserliche Entschließung der Gerichtsbezirk Voitsberg per 1. Oktober 1891 vom Bezirk Graz-Umgebung abgetrennt worden war, verblieben nur noch die Gerichtsbezirke Frohnleiten und Graz-Umgebung beim Bezirk Graz-Umgebung.

Nach dem Anschluss Österreichs 1939 wurde das Gericht in Amtsgericht Frohnleiten umbenannt und war nun dem Landgericht Graz nachgeordnet. 1945 erhielt es wieder den Namen Bezirksgericht.

Der Gerichtsbezirk Frohnleiten blieb bis zum Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts unverändert. Erst durch die Neuordnung der Gerichtsbezirke Graz und Graz-Umgebung übernahm der Gerichtsbezirk Frohnleiten zusätzlich die acht Gemeinden Eisbach, Gratkorn, Gratwein, Gschnaidt, Judendorf-Straßengel, Sankt Bartholomä, Sankt Oswald bei Plankenwarth und Stiwoll vom Gerichtsbezirk Graz Umgebung, wodurch sich die Größe des Gerichtsbezirkes von 408,51 km² (1991)
auf 566,69 km² vergrößerte.

Mit 1. Juli 2013 wurde der Gerichtsbezirk aufgelöst und die Gemeinden wurden dem Gerichtsbezirk Graz-West zugewiesen.

Gerichtssprengel
Der Gerichtssprengel umfasste mit den 18 Gemeinden Deutschfeistritz, Eisbach, Frohnleiten, Gratkorn, Gratwein, Großstübing, Gschnaidt, Judendorf-Straßengel, Peggau, Röthelstein, Sankt Bartholomä, Sankt Oswald bei Plankenwarth, Schrems bei Frohnleiten, Semriach, Stiwoll, Tulwitz, Tyrnau, Übelbach den nordwestlichen Teil des Bezirks Graz-Umgebung.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften: Historisches Ortslexikon. Statistische Dokumentation zur Bevölkerungs- und Siedlungsgeschichte. Steiermark. 1. Teil. Graz (Stadt), Bruck an der Mur, Deutschlandsberg, Feldbach, Frohnleiten, Graz-Umgebung, Hartberg, Judenburg, Knittelfeld. Datenbestand: 30. Juni 2011 (PDF; 1,0 MB)
 Statistik Austria: Gemeindeverzeichnis 2010

Gerichtsbezirk Frohnleiten
Frohnleiten
Frohnleiten

Gerichtsbezirk Frohnleiten


بلدية سيغورا دي تورو ، هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة قصرش والتي تقع في منطقة إكستريمادورا، غرب إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 205 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2002).

انظر أيضا
 إسبانيا

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في قصرش
بلديات قصرش

سيغورا دي تورو


The Serie B (), renamed Serie BKT for sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest division in the Italian football league system after the Serie A. It has been operating for over ninety years since the 1929–30 season. It had been organized by Lega Calcio until 2010, when the Lega Serie B was created for the 2010–11 season. Common nicknames for the league are campionato cadetto and cadetteria, since cadetto is the Italian name for junior or cadet.

History
A junior football championship was created in Italy in 1904; after seven editions of the major tournament of FIGC. It was called Second Category, and was composed of senior squads of town clubs and by youth teams of city clubs. If the first ones won the championship, they would be promoted to First Category, which consequently improved in size: the first team to reach the honour, was Pro Vercelli in 1907, which even won the scudetto in 1908. FIGC attempted many times to introduce relegations on the contrary, but the reform was really adopted only in 1921 by the secessionist CCI in its Northern League, which consisted of a First Division and a Second Division: the first teams to be relegated were AC Vicenza and FC Inter even if, after the reunion with FIGC, the regulations were changed, and Venezia was demoted instead of the Milanese club. Even if part of the same league, differently from First Division, Second Division was based on local group with proximity criteria.

Only in 1928 was the big reform conceived by FIGC president Leandro Arpinati: after a year, a new second division based on the same national format of the major tournament would be born. Serie B began in 1929 with 18 clubs and continued until World War II, after which it was divided again between the northern and the southern part of the country in the aftermath of the war. The championship became national again in 1948, and for many years in the second half of the 20th century, it was played by 20 clubs. In 2003–04, a single group of 24 teams was formed, the largest in the history of all levels of the Italian championship. After 2004, a 22-team format was introduced together with playoffs.

After Serie A split with Serie B to form Lega Serie A, Lega Serie B was reformed on 7 July 2010. The league signed a new sponsor bwin for 2010–11 and 2011–12 seasons; changed the league name from Serie B TIM to Serie Bwin. The League changed again its name in Serie B ConTe.it due to sponsorship reasons.

Serie B is the lowest division in which five clubs have ever played: Torino, Juventus, Milan, Roma and Lazio.

Competition format

Competition
During the regular season each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for 38 games. The games of the first leg (andata) and of the second leg (ritorno) are played in the same order. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss.

From the 2006–07 season to 2019–20, the Serie B champion was awarded the Ali della Vittoria (Wings of Victory) cup. The trophy was 63 cm high and weighed 5 kg. Its design represented the wings of Nike, the Greek goddess of victory, holding a cup similar to an Olympic flame. From the 2021–22 season, the Coppa Nexus replaced the previous trophy.

Serie B was composed of 20 teams until the 2002–03 season. It was enlarged to 24 teams for the 2003–04 season due to legal problems relating to Calcio Catania relegation. The league reverted to 22 teams for the 2004–05 season, while Serie A expanded from 18 to 20 teams.

Below is a complete record of how many teams played in each season throughout the league's history;
 18 clubs: 1929–1933
 26 clubs (in two groups): 1933–1934
 32 clubs (in two groups): 1934–1935
 18 clubs: 1935–1936
 16 clubs: 1936–1937
 17 clubs: 1937–1938
 18 clubs: 1938–1943
 60 clubs (in three groups): 1946–1947
 54 clubs (in three groups): 1947–1948
 22 clubs: 1948–1950
 21 clubs: 1950–1951
 22 clubs: 1951–1952
 18 clubs: 1952–1958
 20 clubs: 1958–1967
 21 clubs: 1967–1968
 20 clubs: 1968–2003
 24 clubs: 2003–2004
 22 clubs: 2004–2018
 19 clubs: 2018–2019
 20 clubs: 2019–present

Promotion and relegation
At the end of the season, three teams are promoted to Serie A and four teams are relegated to Serie C.

The top two teams are automatically promoted and the third place team is only automatically promoted if they are more than 14 points clear of the fourth placed team.

If the third place team is not more than 14 points clear of the fourth place team then the teams from third place to eighth place enter a play-off to decide the final promotion spot.

The play-off system has three rounds and the rules are as follows.

The preliminary round between fifth and eighth and between sixth and seventh are a single match on the ground of the best placed in the regular season . In the event of a tie at the end of normal time, extra time will be played. If the game is still tied at the end of extra time, the highest ranked team goes through, without taking a penalty shootout.

The semi-finals are a two-legged competition with a first leg at home for the teams that played in the preliminary round and a second leg at home for the third and fourth placed teams in the regular season. In the event of a tie in the aggregate result, the best-ranked team in the regular season progresses to the final, without extra time and penalties.

The final is played between the winners of the semi-finals over  two legs, the latter at the home of the best-placed team in the league. In the event of a tie, the best-placed team in the regular season is promoted to Serie A, without the need for extra time or penalties.  In the event that the two finalists have finished the regular season on equal points, the second leg includes extra time and penalties if required.

In the relegation zone, the three last-placed teams (18th, 19th and 20th) are automatically demoted to Serie C. If the 16th-placed team is 5 or more points ahead of the 17th-placed team, then the 17th-placed team becomes the 4th and final team to be demoted, otherwise, the conditions for a playoff more commonly called playout exist.

If the playout is necessary, the 16th and 17th-placed teams are paired in a two-legged series with home-field advantage in the 2nd leg going to the 16th-placed team. The team with the higher aggregate score remains in Serie B while the loser becomes the fourth team relegated to Serie C. If an aggregate tie exists at the end of regulation play of the 2nd leg, the 16th-placed team is saved, and the 17th-placed team is demoted, unless the two teams ended the season with equal points, in which case there will be extra-time and a penalty shoot-out if still tied.

Clubs

2022–23 members

Seasons in Serie B
This is the complete list of the 142 clubs that have taken part in the 91 Serie B seasons played from the 1929–30 season until the 2023–24 season.

The teams in bold compete in Serie B in the 2023–24 season. The teams in italics represent defunct teams. The year in parentheses represents the most recent year of participation at this level.

 65 seasons: Brescia (2024)
 53 seasons: Verona (2019)
 52 seasons: Modena (2024)
 48 seasons: Bari (2024)
 46 seasons: Palermo (2024)
 40 seasons: Monza (2022)
 39 seasons: Pescara (2021), Venezia (2024)
 38 seasons: Padova (2019)
 37 seasons: Vicenza (2022), Como (2024), Pisa (2024)
 35 seasons: Reggiana (2024)
 34 seasons: Catania (2015), Novara (2018), Genoa (2023)
 32 seasons: Messina (2008), Cesena (2018), Cremonese (2024)
 31 seasons:  Taranto (1993)
 30 seasons:  Salernitana (2021), Cagliari (2023), Parma (2024)
 29 seasons: Lecce (2022), Perugia (2023), Catanzaro (2024), Ternana (2024)
 28 seasons: Atalanta (2011), Spezia (2024)
 27 seasons: Livorno (2020), Ascoli (2024)
 25 seasons: Foggia (2019), Reggina (2023), Cosenza (2024)
 24 seasons: SPAL (2023)
 22 seasons: Triestina (2011), Empoli (2021)
 21 seasons: Sambenedettese (1989), Ancona (2010), Varese (2015), Alessandria (2022)
 19 seasons: Lucchese (1999), Pistoiese (2002), Avellino (2018)
 18 seasons: Udinese (1995), Piacenza (2011)
 17 seasons: Cittadella (2024), Sampdoria (2024), Treviso (2009)
 15 seasons: Crotone (2022)
 14 seasons: Legnano (1957), Mantova (2010)
 13 seasons: Pro Patria (1966), Siena (2014), Pro Vercelli (2018)
 12 seasons: Fanfulla (1954), Napoli (2007), Torino (2012), Bologna (2015), Frosinone (2023), Lecco (2024)
 11 seasons: Vigevano (1948), Lazio (1988),
 10 seasons: Marzotto (1961), Prato (1964), Chievo (2021)
 9 seasons: Rimini (2009), AlbinoLeffe (2012)
 7 seasons: Siracusa (1953), Ravenna (2001)
 6 seasons: Seregno (1935), Viareggio (1948), Brindisi (1976), Fidelis Andria (1999), Grosseto (2013), Virtus Entella (2021)
 5 seasons: Savona (1967), Campobasso (1987), Fiorentina (2004), Potenza (1968), Sassuolo (2013), Carpi (2019), Juve Stabia (2020), Trapani (2020), Benevento (2023)
 4 seasons: Monfalcone (1933), Casale (1947), Pro Sesto (1950), Pavia (1955), Barletta (1991),  Virtus Lanciano (2016), Latina (2017)
 3 seasons: Derthona (1935), Grion Pola (1935), L'Aquila (1937), Sanremese (1940), Piombino (1954), Cavese (1984), Savoia (2000), Nocerina (2012), Pordenone (2022)
 2 seasons: Fiumana (1942), Biellese (1947), Carrarese (1948), Crema (1948), Gallaratese (1948), Pro Gorizia (1948), Rieti (1948), Scafatese (1948), Suzzara (1948), Vogherese (1948), Trani (1965), Milan (1983),Casertana (1992), Licata (1990), Acireale (1995), Castel di Sangro (1998), Gubbio (2012),   Südtirol (2024)
 1 season: Molinella (1940), Maceratese (1941), M.A.T.E.R. (1943), Alba Trastevere (1947), Arsenale Taranto (1947), Forlì (1947), Mestrina (1947), Sestrese (1947), Bolzano (1948), Centese (1948), Magenta (1948), Vita Nova (1948), Roma (1952), Massese (1971), Matera (1980), Alzano Virescit (2000), Fermana (2000), Juventus (2007), Gallipoli (2010), Portogruaro (2011), Sorrento (1972), 'Feralpisalò (2024)

The Serie B–C Alta Italia post-war championship
This championship was organized by geographical criteria with only Northern Italy Serie B and the best Northern Italy Serie C teams taking part. Southern Italy Serie B teams took part to 1945–46 Serie A. For this reason, this championship is not included in the statistics.

Alessandria – Alessandria
Ausonia Spezia – La Spezia
Biellese – Biella
Casale – Casale Monferrato
Cesena – Cesena
Como – Como
Crema – Crema
Cremonese – Cremona
Cuneo – Cuneo
Fanfulla – Lodi
Forlì – Forlì
Gallaratese – Gallarate
Lecco – Lecco
Legnano – Legnano
Mantova – Mantua
Novara – Novara
Padova – Padua
Panigale – Bologna
Parma – Parma
Piacenza – Piacenza
Pro Gorizia – Gorizia
Pro Patria – Busto Arsizio
Pro Sesto – Sesto San Giovanni
Pro Vercelli – Vercelli
Reggiana – Reggio Emilia
Savona – Savona
Seregno – Seregno
Sestrese – Genoa
SPAL – Ferrara
Suzzara – Suzzara
Trento – Trento
Treviso – Treviso
Udinese – Udine
Verona – Verona
Vigevano – Vigevano
Vogherese – Voghera

Champions and promotions

a Not promoted for Serie A reduction.

b Modena and Novara were both awarded champions in 1937–38.

c Six teams were promoted in 2003–04 due to the expansion of Serie A from 18 to 20 teams.

 Club performances

Performance by clubUpdated as of 2022–23 seasonTitles by regionUpdated as of 2022–23 seasonTitles by cityUpdated as of 2022–23 seasonPromotions by regionUpdated as of 2022–23 season''

See also
 Italian football league system
 List of football clubs in Italy
 Sports league attendances

Footnotes

References

External links

  (in Italian)

2
Italy
1929 establishments in Italy
Sports leagues established in 1929
Professional sports leagues in Italy

Serie B


Clean este un limbaj de programare pur funcțional. O mare parte din perioada  dezvoltării active a limbajului s-a numit Concurrent Clean, dar acest lucru s-a schimbat la un moment dat. Clean a fost dezvoltat de un grup de cercetători de la Universitatea Radboud din Nijmegen, 1987.

Caracteristici
Limbajul Clean a apărut pentru prima dată în 1987 și se dezvoltă încă. Are în comun multe proprietăți cu Haskell: transparență referențială, înțelegere de listă, gărzi, colectare de gunoi, funcții de ordin superior, curățare și evaluare leneșă.

În Windows, un mediu de dezvoltare integrat (IDE) este inclus în distribuția Clean.

Metoda Clean de a trata stările mutabile și I/O se face printr-un sistem cu fir de execuție unic, spre deosebire de utilizarea de monade de către Haskell. Compilatorul folosește sistemul cu fir de execuție unic pentru a genera un cod mai eficient, deoarece știe că orice tip de unicitate poate fi folosit o singură dată. Prin urmare, o valoare unică poate fi modificată într-o structură de date persistentă.

Exemple
Program Hello, world!:
 module hello
 Start :: {#Char}
 Start = "Hello, world!"
Factorial:

Numerele Fibonacci:
  module fibonacci
  fib 0 = 0
  fib 1 = 1
  fib n = fib (n - 2) + fib (n - 1)
  Start = fib 7
Operator infixat:
  (^) infixr 8 :: Int Int -> Int
  (^) x 0 = 1
  (^) x n = x * x ^ (n-1)
Declarația de tip afirmă că funcția este un operator infixat asociativ drept cu prioritatea 8: aceasta indică faptul că x*x^(n-1) este echivalent cu x*(x^(n-1)) față de (x*x)^(n-1). Acest operator este predefinit în biblioteca standard StdEnv.

Cum funcționează Clean
Calculul se bazează pe rescrierea și reducerea grafului. Constantele, cum ar fi numerele, sunt grafuri, iar funcțiile sunt formule de rescriere ale grafurilor. Acest lucru, combinat cu compilarea codului sursă, face ca programele Clean care utilizează abstractizarea înaltă să funcționeze relativ repede, după cum arată testele efectuate cu The Computer Language Benchmarks Game (în ).

Compilare
 Fișierele sursă (.icl) și fișierele de definiție (.dcl) sunt traduse în Core Clean, o variantă de bază a Clean, în Clean.
 Core Clean este transformat în limbaj Clean intermediar independent de platformă (.abc), implementat în C și Clean.
 Codul ABC este convertit în cod obiect (.o) folosind C.
 Codul obiect este legat de alte fișiere în modul, iar acesta este convertit într-un executabil normal de către editorul de legături al sistemului de operare (dacă există) sau de editorul de legături dedicat al Clean din Windows.

Versiunile anterioare ale sistemului Clean au fost scrise complet în C, evitând astfel problemele de bootstrapping.

Sistemul SAPL compilează Core Clean pentru JavaScript și nu utilizează codul ABC.

Platforme
Clean este disponibil pentru Microsoft Windows, Macintosh, Solaris și Linux.

Unele biblioteci nu sunt disponibile pe toate platformele, cum ar fi ObjectIO, care este disponibil numai pe Windows și Mac. Caracteristica de a scrie dinamica fișierelor este disponibilă numai pe Windows.

Licență
Clean este licență dublă: este disponibilă în condițiile GNU LGPL și de asemenea, sub licență de proprietate. Pentru biblioteci, sistem de rulare și exemple, nu GNU LGPL, dar se aplică licența BSD simplificată.

Versus Haskell

Viteză
Un test din 2008 arată că, în majoritatea cazurilor, Clean este mai rapid decât Haskell:

După cum se poate observa, Clean întrece Haskell (GHC) în aproape toate cazurile testate. Numai combinatorii de parser sunt mai rapizi în Haskell. Folosind GHC-O obținem unele optimizări, făcând potrivirea modelului și funcțiile de ordin mai înalt mai rapid decât în Clean. În cele mai multe cazuri, cu toate acestea, Clean depășește GHC-O sau cel puțin nu este mai lent.

Diferențe sintactice
Sintaxa lui Clean este foarte asemănătoare cu cea a lui Haskell, cu unele diferențe notabile:

Comunitate
Canalul IRC: #cleanlang pe freenode

Note

Legături externe
Clean Wiki
Cloogle: Clean funcția de căutare a motorului

Limbaje de programare
Software liber

Clean (limbaj de programare)


An Dendrobium racemosum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni William Henry Nicholls, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Stephen Chapman Clemesha och Alick William Dockrill. An Dendrobium racemosum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dendrobium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Queensland. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Dendrobium

Dendrobium racemosum


A Acrostichum aureum, conhecida popularmente como samambaia-do-mangue é uma erva pteridófita da ordem Polypodiales, família Pteridaceae, e do gênero Acrostichum, nativa do Brasil .

Distribuição geográfica
A espécie possui distribuição neotropical e ocorrências confirmadas em quatro regiões brasileiras, ausente apenas na região Centro-Oeste. A samambaia-do-mangue está distribuída nos seguintes estados brasileiros:

 Norte (Amapá, Pará);

 Nordeste (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe);

 Sudeste (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo);

 Sul (Paraná, Santa Catarina) .

Domínios fitogeográficos
De acordo com a composição paisagística do ambiente, é encontrada na Mata Atlântica .

Tipo de vegetação
Dentro da Mata Atlântica, a Acrostichum aureum pode ser encontrada em ambientes de manguezal, restinga e próxima à vegetações aquáticas .

Características morfológicas
A samambaia-do-mangue é conhecida por ser uma planta terrestre, cujas frondes (folhas) podem chegar a até 2 metros de comprimento . Possui rizoma(s) curto(s), pecíolo(s) sulcado(s), ou seja, com textura arranhada e com/espinho(s). Em relação às estruturas reprodutivas, possui esporângio do tipo leptosporângio com pedicelo e ânulo (estrutura semelhante à um anel membranoso) vertical/sem/indúsio. Possui também paráfises com muitos lobo(s) e esporo com aspecto grosseiramente triangular (trilete) esbranquiçado a(s) amarelado e tuberculado(s) .

Habitat e hábito
São encontradas geralmente onde o solo permanece menos úmido, como em manguezais . São muito comuns também em regiões de borda interna, em transições do mangue-mata, onde o solo é menos úmido e, normalmente, onde o extrato arbóreo é menos denso ou até inexistente. Por conta de estar presente também em áreas impactadas, a samambaia-do-mangue se mostra dominante e de fácil estabilização em um local .

Seu hábito pode ser tanto herbáceo quanto arbóreo .

Estado de conservação
De acordo com a Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), a espécie se encontra pouco preocupante quanto à ameaça de sofrer com o declínio populacional. Além de ser uma espécie comum e de contar com um rápido crescimento, ou seja, pode dispersar seus esporos e se manter em um ecossitema facilmente, a espécie consegue se manter bem em um local, podendo ainda necessitar de poucos cuidados e tratamentos para que seu desenvolvimetno atinja o sucesso .

Importância
Além de serem reservatórios de alimento e espaços para reprodução de anfíbios, as samambaias mantém a umidade no interior da floresta, absorvendo água pelas raízes e distribuindo-a gradualmente ao solo e ar. Por conta de sua grande dispersão e concentração, a taxa de filtração do ar é muito intensa .

Desafios
Assim como outras espécies de samambaias, a samambaia-do-mangue está sujeita à exploração e ao comércio ilegal. Embora esteja presente em áreas de mangue, por estarem em regiões de Mata Atlântica - bioma historicamente explorado -, tornam-se vulneráveis à extração com manejo inadequado .

Flora do Brasil
Frutos do Brasil
Samambaia

Acrostichum aureum


Mary Sean Young (d. 20 Kasım 1959, Kentucky), Amerikalı oyuncudur.

Filmografi

Dış bağlantılar

 Resmi Sitesi
 SinemaTürk Sayfası

1959 doğumlular
Louisville, Kentucky doğumlular
Kentucky doğumlu oyuncular
20. yüzyılda Amerikalı kadın oyuncular
21. yüzyılda Amerikalı kadın oyuncular
Amerikalı kadın sinema oyuncuları
Amerikalı kadın dizi oyuncuları

Yaşayan insanlar
En Kötü Yardımcı Kadın Oyuncu Altın Ahududu Ödülü sahipleri

Sean Young


Lukas Decker (* 7. Juli 1988) ist ein deutscher Unternehmer und ehemaliger Kinderdarsteller.

Leben
Decker wurde am 7. Juli 1988 geboren. Er spielte von 2002 bis 2004 in der deutschen Kinderserie Die Pfefferkörner die Rolle des Paul Hansen. Außerdem hatte er 2004 eine Gastrolle in der Serie Großstadtrevier, Folge Barkassenkrieg.

Er ist Mitgründer und Geschäftsführer der Firma Coindrum, die ihren Sitz in Irland hat.

Filmografie
 2003–2005: Die Pfefferkörner (Fernsehserie, 18 Episoden)
 2004: Großstadtrevier (Fernsehserie, Episode 18x12)

Weblinks

 Lukas Decker auf Pfefferkoerner.de, abgerufen am 15. Februar 2012
 Lukas Decker auf tvspielfilm.de, abgerufen am 23. November 2014

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Deutscher
Geboren 1988
Mann

Lukas Decker


Haywood Lee Highsmith Jr. (Baltimore, 9 de dezembro de 1996) é um jogador norte-americano de basquete profissional que atualmente joga no Miami Heat da National Basketball Association (NBA).

Depois de não ser selecionado no draft da NBA de 2018, Highsmith começou sua carreira profissional no Delaware Blue Coats da G-League em 2018. No final da temporada de 2018-19, Highsmith fez sua estreia na NBA no Philadelphia 76ers.

Início da vida e carreira universitária
Originalmente de Baltimore, Highsmith se formou na Archbishop Curley High School em 2014. Seu treinador no ensino médio, Brian Hubbard, disse ao The Baltimore Sun que Highsmith tinha pouco interesse das universidades da Divisão I da NCAA.

Após o ensino médio, Highsmith frequentou a Wheeling Jesuit University e jogou quatro temporadas pela equipe. Ele se tornou titular da equipe no final de sua temporada de calouro. Ele teve médias de 14,5 pontos e 9,4 rebotes em seu segundo ano e foi nomeado para a Primeira-Equipe da Mountain East Conference (MEC). Em sua terceira temporada, Highsmith teve médias de 15,3 pontos e 10,8 rebotes e foi nomeado para a Segunda-Equipe da MEC. Em sua última temporada, Highsmith teve médias de 22,0 pontos e 12,6 rebotes e ganhou os prêmio de Jogador do Ano do MEC e MVP do Torneio do MEC. Nacionalmente, ele foi nomeado o Jogador Nacional do Ano pela Associação dos Comissários da Divisão II.

Carreira profissional

Philadelphia 76ers (2018–2020)
Depois de não ser selecionado no draft da NBA de 2018, Highsmith assinou com o Delaware Blue Coats da G-League. Em 21 jogos, ele teve média de 13,7 pontos.

Highsmith assinou um contrato de mão dupla com o Philadelphia 76ers em 8 de janeiro de 2019. Sob os termos do acordo, ele dividiu o tempo entre os 76ers e os Blue Coats. No mesmo dia, Highsmith fez sua estreia na NBA e marcou três pontos em cinco minutos da vitória por 132-115 sobre o Washington Wizards.

Highsmith terminou sua primeira temporada profissional com médias de 1,8 pontos e 1,0 rebotes em cinco jogos na NBA e 12,2 pontos, 6,8 rebotes, 2,5 assistências e 1,2 roubos de bola em 46 jogos da G-League (42 como titular).

Em 24 de junho de 2019, os 76ers dispensaram Highsmith.

Após um contrato de 10 dias com o Phoenix Suns fracassar, Highsmith retornou aos 76ers para assinar um contrato de 10 dias.

Highsmith voltou ao Delaware Blue Coats para a temporada de 2019-20. Em 31 de dezembro, Highsmith registrou 20 pontos, oito rebotes, uma assistência e um roubo de bola na derrota para o Maine Red Claws. Nessa temporada, ele teve médias de 10,8 pontos e 6,9 rebotes.

Crailsheim Merlins (2020–2021)
Em 4 de setembro de 2020, Highsmith assinou com o Crailsheim Merlins da Liga Alemã. Em 23 jogos, ele teve médias de 7,9 pontos, 4,4 rebotes e 1,4 assistências.

Temporada de 2021–22
Em 27 de julho de 2021, Highsmith assinou com Vanoli Cremona da Liga Italiana com uma opção de saída da NBA. Como uma oferta do Philadelphia 76ers chegou, ele decidiu se retirar do Cremona e retornar aos EUA. Em 30 de setembro, ele assinou e foi dispensado pelos 76ers.

Highsmith voltou aos Blue Coats em 2021 e teve médias de 14,0 pontos, 5,0 rebotes e 1,9 assistências.

Em 30 de dezembro de 2021, Highsmith assinou um contrato de 10 dias com o Miami Heat.

Em 9 de janeiro de 2022, Highsmith foi re-adquirido pelo Delaware Blue Coats.

Em 15 de fevereiro de 2022, Highsmith assinou um contrato de 10 dias com o Miami Heat. Dez dias depois, ele assinou um segundo contrato de 10 dias. Após o término desse contrato, ele assinou um contrato até o fim da temporada com o Heat.

Estatísticas da carreira

NBA

Temporada regular

Playoffs

G-League

Fonte:

Basquetebolistas do Philadelphia 76ers
Basquetebolistas do Miami Heat
Pessoas vivas
Nascidos em 1996
Basquetebolistas de Maryland

Haywood Highsmith


Kaplin bir hareketi diğer bir ekipmana iletmek için kullanılan makina parçası. Bu hareketi iletme esnasında mekanik titreşimleri ortadan kaldırmak için kaplin lastiği denilen titreşim sönümleyici bir malzeme kullanılmak zorundadır. Kullanılmadığı takdirde ortaya çıkacak mekanik titreşimler makinaya zarar verebilir ve kulağa hoş gelmeyen sesler üretebilir. Kaplinler iki parçalı veya üç parçalı, üreten firmaya göre çok parçalı da olabilirler (örneğin şaftlar gibi).

Kullanımı
Makinalarda emniyetli hareket iletiminde önemli bir görevi olan; sistem içerisinden belki en basit, takıldığı makinaya göre de en ucuz eleman gibi görünen kaplinler; seçiminde, montajında dikkatli davranılmadığında üretimin en pahalı elemanı haline gelir. Monte edildiği makinanın sık durmasına sebep olur. Tüm makinalı çalışmalarda (özellikle endüstriyel) üretim zincirindeki bir halkanın aksaması tüm sistemi durduracağından, kaplinlerin seçimi montajı ve kontrolleri son derece önemlidir. Burada yapılan hatalar nedeniyle işletmelerde üretim kesintileri olur, kayıplar artar. Genel anlamda irtibat elemanlarının görevi, güç kaynağı olan motor veya döndüren eleman ile döndürülen eleman arasında irtibat sağlamak ve bu şekilde hareketi iletmektir. Mekanik irtibat elemanları olarak pratikte kaplinler ve kavramalar kullanılmaktadır. Kaplinlerde bağlantı, mekanik bağ ile gerçekleştirilir. Bu nedenle iki mil arasındaki irtibatı sağlamak veya kesmek, mekanik bağlantı elemanının takılıp sökülmesi ile yapılır; bu da ancak döndüren mil dururken mümkündür. Kavramalarda ise irtibat, mekanik veya fiziksel bir olaya (genellikle sürtünme olayına) dayanmaktadır; şöyle ki döndüren mil döndüğü halde istenildiği zaman irtibat sağlanabilir veya kesilebilir. Kaplinlere çözülemeyen kavramalar ve kavramalara çözülebilen kaplinler de denir.

Çeşitleri
Herhangi bir düzgünsüzlüğü karşılamayan kaplinlere rijit, karşılayanlara ise esnek kaplinler denir. Esneklik kinematik bir irtibat vasıtası ile sağlandığı durumda kaplinlere, kinematik bağlı veya mafsallı, elastik bir eleman vasıtasıyla sağlandığı takdirde elastik, sıvı ile elde edildiği takdirde hidrolik, manyetik alanla elde edildiği takdirde manyetik kaplin denir.

Kaplin çeşitleri, sistem ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda çok farklı tiplerde imal edilmektedirler.  Bizim başlıca bildiğimiz ve piyasada yaygın olarak kullanılan kaplinler; tam flex dişli, yarım flex dişli, rijit, tambur, elastik, yaprak yaylı, spindle ve tork sınırlayıcı kaplinlerdir.

Makine elemanları

Kaplin


FK Glasinac (Fudbalski klub Glasinac; Glasinac Sokolac; Glasinac, srpski Фудбалски клуб Гласинац) je bio nogometni klub iz Sokolca, Istočno Sarajevo, Republika Srpska, Bosna i Hercegovina.

O klubu
FK Glasinac je osnovan 1936. godine, Do početka Drugog svjetskog rata klub se bazirao na radu s mladima i razvoju nogometa na području Romanije. Zbog ratnih zbivanja, klub ne djeluje od 1941. do 1945. godine, te se po završetku rata obnavlja.
Klub s ligaškim natjecanjima počinje 1949. godine u okviru Podsaveza sarajevske regije. Uoči rata u BiH, klub je član Regionalne lige BiH – Jug. Zbog izbijanja rata, klub ne djeluje od proljeća 1992. do travnja 1993. godine. Klub od sezone 1995./96. sudjeluje u Prvoj ligi RS, gdje je često pri vrhu. U sezonama 2002./03. i 2003./04. je član Premijer lige BiH, a potom ispada u 1. ligu RS, a od 2007. i u Drugu ligu RS.
Klub se gasi u ljeto 2011. godine. Kao sljednik "Glasinca" osnovan je novi klub – "OFK Glasinac 2011".

Uspjesi
 Prva liga RS – Istok
 doprvak: 1995./96.
 Druga liga RS – Jug
 prvak: 2007./08.

Pregled plasmana

Poznati igrači

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Sokolac
 OFK Glasinac 2011 Sokolac

Vanjske poveznice
 slavicnet.com/sokolac, FK Glasinac
 sportdc.net, Glasinac
 srbijasport.net, Glasinac
 soccerway.com, FK Glasinac Sokolac
 foot.dk, Glasinac Sokolac
 transfermarkt.com, FK Glasinac Sokolac
 globalsportsarchive.com, OFK Glasinac 2011 Sokolac
 sportsport.ba, FK Glasinac 2011

Izvori
 [https://web.archive.org/web/20110727152231/http://www.opstinasokolac.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=39&Itemid=48 opstinasokolac.org, FK GLASINAC SOKOLAC'], objavljeno 1. veljače 2007., wayback arhiva
 Milan Đorđić: Enciklopedija fudbalskih klubova Republike Srpske'', Zvornik, 2011., , str. 242-243

 foot.dk, Glasinac Sokolac, 1. liga RS

Glasinac
Glasinac

FK Glasinac Sokolac


Diese Liste gibt den Fortschreibungsstand vom 2. Oktober 2014 wieder und enthält 77 Baudenkmäler.

Ensembles

Ensemble Altstadt Stadtsteinach

Stadtsteinach () wurde als Wirtschaftszentrum des Frankenwald-Rodungsgebietes im 11./12. Jahrhundert auf einer Erhebung am Zusammenfluss von Steinach und Zaubach gegründet. Spätestens Anfang des 14. Jahrhunderts wurde die Siedlung als bambergischer Amtssitz zur Stadt erhoben und befestigt. Der Altort besitzt bis heute innerhalb der Stadtmauer drei Schwerpunkte: Den Marktplatz in der Mitte, der Kirchenumgriff im Süden und das Amtsschloss im Norden. Die Hauptstraße und die Kulmbacher Straße führen auf den erhöht gelegenen, nahezu quadratischen Marktplatz. Dieser ist von meist traufständigen Wohn- und Geschäftshäusern umstanden. In der Nähe der neubarocken Pfarrkirche, die, obwohl abseits positioniert, mit ihrem Turm stark in den Marktplatz einwirkt, sind das Pfarrhaus mit Pfarrgarten, das Benefiziatenhaus und das Schulhaus angeordnet. Im Bereich der ehemaligen Fronveste des 16. Jahrhunderts, von der sich Teile erhalten haben, befinden sich das Kastenamt und das Amtsgericht des 18. Jahrhunderts sowie das dazugehörige Amtsgefängnis der Gründerzeit. Der Marktplatz und die platzartig aufgeweitete Straßeneinmündung vor dem Amtsschloss werden durch Brunnen des 18. Jahrhunderts zusätzlich als städtebauliche Schwerpunkte aufgewertet. Aktennummer: E-4-77-156-1.

Stadtbefestigung
Von der ehemaligen Stadtmauer aus Brockenquaderwerk sind Fragmente vorhanden. Bei Kulmbacher Straße 3 ist ein Rundturm mit sandsteingerahmten Schlüsselscharten, im Kern 13./14. Jahrhundert erhalten. nordwestlich schließt daran ein Zwingerbereich mit innerer und äußerer Mauer an. Nördlich davon ist noch ein längerer Mauerabschnitt bei Forstamtsstraße 4 erhalten. Bei Kirchplatz 2 ist ein ausgebauter Rundturm vorhanden. Aktennummer: D-4-77-156-1.

Baudenkmäler nach Gemeindeteilen

Stadtsteinach

|}

Deckenreuth

|}

Eisenberg

|}

Hammermühle

|}

Oberzaubach

|}

Schwand

|}

Unterzaubach

|}

Vogtendorf

|}

Vorderreuth

|}

Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Stadtsteinach

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

!
Stadtsteinach
Baudenkmaler Stadtsteinach

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Stadtsteinach


Fílanefjur (fræðiheiti: Macroscelidea) eru ættbálkur spendýra sem eiga búsvæði í Afríku.

Heimildaskrá

Spendýr

Fílanefjur


Qazvin Province (, Ostān-e Qazvīn)  is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital. The province was created in 1993 out of part of Tehran province. At the time of the National Census of 2006, the population of the province was 1,127,734 in 294,305 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,201,565 inhabitants living in 352,472 households, of whom 68.05% lived in cities and 31.95% in villages. By the time of the most recent census in 2016, the population had risen to 1,273,761 people in 397,165 households.

The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

The majority of people in the northeast of the province, in Alamut, are Mazandarani or Gilaks who speak a dialect of the Mazandarani or Gilaki language. However, other sources claim that the majority of people in Alamut are 'Tats'.

History

Qazvin was the location of a former capital of the Persian Empire and contains over 2000 architectural and archeological sites. It is a provincial capital today that has been a cultural center of mass throughout history.

Archeological findings in the Qazvin plain reveal the existence of urban agricultural settlements as far back as 7000 BC. The name "Qazvin" or "Kasbin" is derived from Cas, an ancient tribe that lived south of the Caspian Sea millennia ago. The Caspian Sea itself in fact derives its name from the same origin. Qazvin geographically connects Tehran, Isfahan, and the Persian Gulf to the Caspian seacoast and Asia Minor, hence its strategic location throughout the ages.

Qazvin has been a hotbed of historical developments in Iranian history. In the early years of the Islamic era Qazvin served as a base for the Arab forces. Destroyed by Genghis Khan (13th century), the Safavid monarchs made Qazvin the capital of the Safavid empire in 1548 only to have it moved to Isfahan in 1598. During the Qajar dynasty and contemporary period, Qazvin has always been one of the most important governmental centers due to its proximity to Tehran. Abbas Mirza, a Crown Prince and Minister of Commerce, was also the governor of Qazvin.

Qazvin is situated close to Alamut, where the famous Hasan-i Sabbah, founder of the secret Ismaili order of the Assassins, operated from.

Qazvin is where the coup d'état of General Reza Khan, with his Russian-trained Cossack brigade, was launched from – which led to the founding of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1921.

1962 Buin Zahra earthquake killed 12.225 people.

Geography

The province covers 15821 km2 between 48–45 to 50–50 east of Greenwich Meridian of longitude and 35–37 to 36–45 north latitude of the equator. The province is bounded on the north by Mazandaran and Gilan, on the west by Hamedan and Zanjan, on the south by Markazi and on the east by Tehran Provinces.

The famous mountains of the province are those of Siälän, Shäh Alborz, Khashchäl, Sephidkouh, Shojä e din, Alehtareh, Rämand, Ägh dägh, Kharaghän, Saridagh, Soltan pïr, and Siähkouh, in which Siälän with a height of 4175m and Shäh Alborz which is 4056m are the highest. All are part of the central chain of Alborz. The lowest point of the province is in Tärom e Soflä.

Climate
The climate of the province in the northern parts is cold and snowy in winters and temperate in summers. In the southern parts the climate is mild with comparatively cold winters and warm summers.

Administrative divisions

Cities

According to the 2016 census, 952,149 people (nearly 75% of the population of Qazvin province) live in the following cities: Abgarm 6,336, Abyek 60,107, Alvand 93,836, Ardak 5,043, Avaj 5,142, Bidestan 18,060, Buin Zahra 20,823, Danesfahan 9,434, Eqbaliyeh 55,066, Esfarvarin 12,371, Khak-e Ali 3,148, Khorramdasht 6,554, Kuhin 1,411, Mahmudabad Nemuneh 21,982, Moallem Kalayeh 2,223, Mohammadiyeh 90,513, Narjeh 5,604, Qazvin 402,748, Razmian 1,253, Sagzabad 5,492, Shal 15,290, Sharifiyeh 20,347, Sirdan 805, Takestan 80,299, and Ziaabad 8,262.

Main sights

Qazvin contains several archeological excavations dating back 9000 years ago. There are also 23 castles from the Ismaili Assassins nearby as well. And in the middle of the city, there lies the ruins of Meimoon Ghal'eh, one of several Sassanid edifices in the area.

Qazvin contains few buildings from the Safavi era when it was capital of Persia. Perhaps the most famous of the surviving edifices is the Ali Qapu mansion, today a museum in central Qazvin.

Historical mosques
After Islam, the abundant attendance of mystics (ascetics), as well as the prevalence of tradition (Hadith), religious jurisprudence (Fegh´h), and philosophy in Qazvin, led to the emergence of many mosques and religious schools among which the most magnificent ones are:
Jame e Atigh Mosque: One of the oldest mosques in Iran constructed by the orders of Harun al-Rashid in 807AD. In spite of the devastating Mongol invasion, this mosque still stands today in its full glory.
Heidarieh Mosque: Renovated by Amir Khomär-täsh after the earthquake of 1119 AD, the history of construction of this mosque goes back to pre-Islam, where it was a fire temple.
Masjed Al-nabi (Soltani Mosque): With an area of 14000 m2, this mosque is one of the most glorious mosques of antiquity, built in the Safavid period.
Sanjideh Mosque: Another mosque of Qazvin dating back to pre-Islamic Iran; a former fire temple. Its present-day form is attributed to the Seljukian era.
Panjeh Ali Mosque: A former place of worship for royal harem members in the Safavid period.
Peighambarieh School-Mosque: Founded 1644 according to inscription.
Peighambarieh Shrine: Where four Jewish saints who foretold the coming of Christ, are buried.
Molla Verdikhani School-Mosque: founded in 1648.
Salehieh School-Mosque: founded in 1845.
Sheikhol Islam School-Mosque: renovated in 1903.
Eltefatieh School: Dating back to the Il-Khanid period.
Sardar School- Mosque: Made by two brothers Hossein Khan and Hassan Khan Sardar in 1815, as a fulfillment of their promise if they came back victorious from a battle against the Russians.

Churches and Russian architecture
Qazvin contains three buildings built by the Russians in the late 19th/early 20th century. Among these is the current Mayor's office (former Ballet Hall), a water reservoir, and the Cantor church where a Russian pilot is buried.

According to explorers Pietro Della Valle, Jean Baptist Tavenier, Johannes Chardin, and others, there have been many Christians of various sects living in Qazvin for centuries. Qazvin is the location of the Saint Hripsime church, and it is also where four Jewish prophets gave tidings of the arrival of Jesus Christ. Their tomb is now a popular shrine called Peighambariyeh.

Castles and forts
These are castles and fortifications left over mostly from the Isma'ili movement of the Middle Ages:
Alamout Castle
Lambesar Castle
Shirkouh Castle
Qez Qaleh Castle
Shemiran Castle
Meimoon Ghal'eh
Barajin Qaleh

Tombs, shrines and mausoleums

Another grand attraction in Qazvin Province, is the tombs of two Saljuki era princes, Aboo Saeed Bijar son of Sad and Aboo Mansoor Iltai son of Takin, that are located in two separate towers known as the Kharaghan twin towers. Constructed in 1067, these are the first monuments in Islamic Architecture which include a non-conic two-layered dome.

Both towers were severely damaged by a devastating earthquake in March 2003.

Some popular shrines and Mausoleums in Qazvin province are:
Imamzadeh Hossein
Peighambarieh (where 4 Jewish prophets are buried)
Imamzadeh Ismail
Ameneh Khatoon
Zobeideh Khatoon (that has also a unique traditional water reservoir)
Imamzadeh Abazar
Imamzadeh Abdollah and Imamzadeh Fazlollah in Farsajin
Imamzadeh Vali in Ziaabad
Imamzadeh Kamal in Heydarieh
Imamzadeh Ali in Shekarnab
Haft Sandoogh Pilgrimage Place
Tombs of Hassan Abad and Shahkouh
Soltan Veis
Mausoleum of Pir e Takestan
Kafar Gonbad
Hamdollah Mostowfi's Tomb
Imam Ahmad Ghazali's Tomb
Molla Khalila's Tomb
Shahid Sales' Tomb
Raeesol Mojahedin's Tomb

Traditional reservoirs
In the old days, Qazvin was nicknamed the 'city of water reservoirs'. Of the 100 or so water reservoirs of Qazvin, only 10 remain today, all protected by the Provincial Cultural Heritage Organization. See: List of famous ab anbars of Qazvin

Bazaars and caravanserais
Qazvin has some fine examples of centuries old Bazaars and caravanserais:
Sa'd-ol-Saltaneh Complex
Qeisarieh
Saray e Vazir
Saray e Razavi (Shah)
Saray e Hadj Reza
Sadieh Bazaar
Shah Abbasi Caravanserai of Avaj
Shah Abbasi Caravanserai of Mohammad Abad
Hajib Shah Abbasi Caravanserai (Keikhosro)

The traditional gardens of qazvin

Qazvin modern towers

Residential towers like Ponak (536 units), Sky (Aseman, 300 units) 17 levels, Elahieh and Bademestan (440 units) with 17 levels.

Tejarat tower with 28 levels

Qazvin shopping complexes

City Star in Khayam street

Ferdosi in Ferdosi street

Iranian in Adl street

Qazvin hypermarket

Proma Hypermarket

Bridges
 Naderi
 Molasadra
 Ertebatat
 Persian Gulf (Khalij Fars)
 Abotorabi
 Nasr
 Motahari
 Imam Ali
 Rajaei

Famous parks
 Mashahir in Shahrdai Street
 Barajin
 Melat
 Afarinesh

Famous hotels
 Alborz
 Iran
 Marmar
 Ghods
 Noizar

City gates and other edifices
During the 9th century AD seven gates made entrance to the city possible. In Qajar period there existed nine gates surrounding the city which were connected to each other through a wall around the city. These gates (darvāzeh in Persian) were:

Panbeh Riseh
Sheikh Abad
Rasht
Maghlävak
Khandaghbar
Shahzadeh Hossein
Mossala
Tehran
Räh e Koushk

Due to 20th century hasty urban expansion, only the last two gates remain standing. Other popular attractions of Qazvin province include:
Chehel Sotun Museum-Palace
Hosseinieh Aminiha, a fine example of Traditional Persian residential architecture indigenous to Qazvin.
Shah Abbasi Bridge
Safa Traditional Bath
Qajar Traditional Bath

Notable people

Ali Akbar Dehkhoda: Prominent linguist and author of Iran's first modern Persian dictionary, was originally from Qazvin.
Obeid Zakani
Hamdollah Mostowfi: The great Il-Khanid historian and writer (1281–1349) and author of The Selected History (Tarikh Gozideh), Nezhatol Qoloub and Zafar Nameh. The turquoise conic dome and its inscription in Sols calligraphy in which Mostowfi's family tree and his works are introduced are the features that distinguish the tomb from other historical monuments of Qazvin.
Táhirih

Economy

Agriculture

13,000 km2 are under cultivation in the province, covering 12% of the cultivable lands of the country. These are fed by numerous subterranean canals, deep and semi-deep wells, and a large irrigating canal which originates from The Sangbän dam in Taleghän and Ziärän. The agricultural produce of the land is grape, hazelnut, pistachio, almond, walnut, olive, apple, wheat, barley, sugar beet, pomegranate, fig, and cereals. Animal husbandry, and aquatic and poultry breeding are developed throughout the province.

Industries
In recent decades, Qazvin has become a developing pole of the country, primarily due to its preferable location. Qazvin today is a center of textile trade, including cotton, silk and velvet, in addition to leather. It is on the railroad line and the highway between Tehran and Tabriz.

Qazvin has one of the largest power plants feeding electricity into Iran's national power grid, the Shahid Raja'i facility, which provides 7% of the country's electricity.

Colleges and universities
Imam Khomeini International University
 Islamic Azad University of Takestan
 Islamic Azad University of Qazvin
 Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
 Shahid Babaee Technical Institute

See also

 Dineh Kuh

References

External links
 Qazvin Information Network

Provinces of Iran
1993 establishments in Iran

Qazvin province


رابح محمد لطفي جمعة، (1928 - 2003م)، كاتب وأديب وشاعر مصري راحل وهو ابن محمد لطفي جمعة. ولد عام 1928 في القاهرة. حصل على ليسانس الحقوق عام 1951. عين بالنيابة العامة، وتدرج في وظائف القضاء إلى أن وصل إلى نائب رئيس محكمة النقض، ثم نائب رئيس المحكمة الدستورية العليا، وبعد أن أحيل للتقاعد عين مستشاراً بالمحكمة العليا للقيم حتى 1991.

بدأ قول الشعر في سن مبكرة، ونشر العديد من قصائده في الدوريات العربية مثل الأهرام، والزمان، ومنبر الشرق، والمقتطف، كما نشر العشرات من مقالاته ودراساته في الأدب والنقد واللغة في العربي (الكويتية) والفيصل، والمجلة العربية، والمنهل، والدارة، (السعودية) والفكر والشعر ( التونسيتين)، والدوحة، والمأثورات الشعبية (القطريتين)، والشعر(القاهرية). له من الإيناء لطفي.

دواوينه الشعرية
له أربعة دواوين شعرية جاهزة للطبع وهي:
 صديقة القمر
 أغاني الشباك
 بلادي
 خطب الليل
 وديوان شعر منثور بعنوان: أشعار بلا أجنحة.

مؤلفاته
 العدوان الثلاثي،
 حالة الأمن في عهد الملك عبد العزيز، إصدارات دارة الملك عبد العزيز، ط1، 1982م، 24×17 سم، 327 صفحة.
 محمد لطفي جمعة، سلسلة الأعلام، الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب، القاهرة، ط1، 1975م، 13.5 * 20سم، 203 صفحة.
 محمد لطفي جمعة وهؤلاء الأعلام، مطبعة الوزان، القاهرة، 1991م.

جوائز حصل عليها
حصل على المركز الأول في مسابقة جريدة الزمان 1951 وفي مسابقة نادي الطائف الأدبي 1986، وجائزة عبد العزيز سعود البابطين للإبداع الشعري في فرع أحسن قصيدة 1991.

مراجع

حقوقيون مصريون
شعراء وشاعرات مصريون
مواليد 1928
وفيات 2003

رابح لطفي جمعة


La Epoka (en Ladino, La Época) era un periódico en idioma judeoespañol publicado en Salónica, Imperio Otomano (hoy Grecia) de fines del  a principios del . Su director jefe era Saadi Levi Ashkenazi. El periódico circuló desde 1875 hasta el año 1912, con artículos relacionados con la vida de la comunidad judía de Salónica, el desarrollo económico del Imperio Otomano y era conocido por su posición crítica frente a la administración del imperio. Originalmente publicado con una frecuencia semanal, al tiempo aumentó su frecuencia a dos veces por semana, luego a tres y finalmente se convirtió en un diario. En la primavera de 1912 cambió su nombre a "Nueva Epoka", siendo editado por J. Aseo.

Referencias

Periódicos en judeoespañol
Periódicos desaparecidos
Publicaciones fundadas en 1875
Publicaciones desaparecidas en 1912

La Epoka


Rumeli Feneri ya da resmî adıyla Türkeli Feneri, İstanbul'un Avrupa yakasında İstanbul Boğazı'nın Karadeniz'le birleştiği kuzey ucunda yer alan deniz feneridir. Karşısındaki Anadolu Feneri'nden 2 deniz mili uzaktadır. Bu iki feneri birleştiren çizgi İstanbul Limanı'nın kuzey sınırını oluşturmaktadır  Fenerin bulunduğu köy de aynı isimle (Rumelifeneri) adlandırılır.

Eskiçağlarda buradaki yerleşmenin adının Panion olduğu yönünde güçlü kanıtlar bulunduğu ileri sürülmektedir.

Kırım savaşı sırasında Fransız ve İngiliz gemilerinin Boğaz'ın ve Karadeniz'in girişlerini görebilmeleri için yapılmasına karar verilen fener 15 Mayıs 1856'da Fransızlar tarafından karşı sahildeki fenerle beraber kule kısmı yapılarak işletilmeye başlanmış. 1933'te Fransızlara verilen 100 senelik işletme imtiyazı iptal edilmiş ve tamamen Türklere geçmiştir.

Deniz yüzeyinden 58 metre yüksekte olan kule 30 metre boyundadır. Fener kulesi üç kademede inşa edilmiş olup lambası ilkin gazyağı ardından asetilen ile çalışmıştır. Günümüzde elektrik enerjisi ile aydınlanan fenere bütan gazı ile yedeği alınmaktadır. Fener beyaz ışığı ile 18 deniz mili uzaktan görülebilir.

Fenerin içinde Sarı Saltuk Dede'nin bir türbesi vardır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 http://www.sihirlitur.com/gezi/rumeli_feneri/index.html
 Video için http://www.sihirlitur.com/gezi/rumeli_feneri/yorum.html

İstanbul'daki deniz fenerleri
Sarıyer'deki altyapı

Rumeli Feneri


Johnny Leartice Robinson (July 25, 1952 – February 4, 2004) was an American criminal executed by the State of Florida for the 1985 murder of Beverly St. George.

Background, case and execution

Robinson had faced several criminal charges before being arrested for murder; he was convicted of several previous rapes and was on parole for a rape conviction in Maryland at the time of Beverly St. George's murder. On August 11, 1985, Robinson and 16-year-old Clinton Fields were travelling from along I-95 in Florida when they came upon St. George's car, which had broken down along the highway.

Robinson took St. George to a nearby cemetery where Robinson claimed that the two had consensual sex on the hood of a car. Prosecutors contended that she was sexually assaulted. St. George was shot twice, but Robinson claimed that the gun "accidentally" fired, hitting her in the face, and that he then shot her again to make sure she was dead, claiming "How do you tell someone I accidentally shot a white woman?" Clinton Fields, Robinson's co-defendant, testified at trial that Robinson abducted St. George at gunpoint and had planned to kill her.

Robinson and Fields were arrested several days later following another rape and robbery. Based largely upon Fields' testimony, Robinson was convicted and sentenced to death in June 1986; Fields was sentenced to life in prison. On appeal, Robinson's death sentence was overturned by the Florida Supreme Court; his attorneys contended that questions and statements made by prosecutors amounted to racial bias against Robinson. A second sentencing hearing in 1989 restored the death sentence.

During further appeals, Robinson's defense lawyers continued to contend that Robinson was the victim of racial discrimination, that he was abused as a child, and that Fields, with an IQ of 50, was coerced by prosecutors into giving false testimony. (Fields did recant his trial testimony in January 2004.) Final appeals to the United States Supreme Court challenged the process of lethal injection as cruel and unusual punishment.

Robinson was scheduled to be executed at 6:00 p.m. on February 4, 2004, but less than 15 minutes before the scheduled time, the United States Supreme Court contacted the Florida governor's office, asking the state to briefly halt the execution; the court returned their decision about an hour later, refusing, on a vote of 5–4, to halt the execution.

Robinson's final meal prior to his execution was fried chicken gizzards, french fries, smoked sausage, and butter pecan ice cream. His final words before being executed by lethal injection were: "Yep... Later!" Robinson was pronounced dead at Florida State Prison in Raiford at 7:34 p.m. on February 4, 2004. His execution was the 895th carried out in the United States since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976, and the 58th in Florida.

See also
 Capital punishment in Florida
 Capital punishment in the United States
 List of people executed in Florida
 List of people executed in the United States in 2004

General references
 Johnny L. Robinson. The Clark County Prosecuting Attorney. Retrieved on 2007-11-13.
 Inmate Release Information Detail - Inmate 102767. Florida Department of Corrections. Retrieved on 2007-11-14.

1952 births
2004 deaths
21st-century executions by Florida
1985 murders in the United States
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
American people executed for murder
American people convicted of rape
American people convicted of robbery
American people convicted of kidnapping
Executed African-American people
Hoboes
People executed by Florida by lethal injection
People convicted of murder by Florida
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Florida
21st-century executions of American people
21st-century African-American people

Johnny Leartice Robinson


The Advertiser is a daily tabloid format newspaper based in the city of Adelaide, South Australia. First published as a broadsheet named The South Australian Advertiser on 12 July 1858, it is currently a tabloid printed from Monday to Saturday. The Advertiser came under the ownership of Keith Murdoch in the 1950s, and the full ownership of Rupert Murdoch in 1987. It is a publication of Advertiser Newspapers Pty Ltd (ADV), a subsidiary of News Corp Australia, itself a subsidiary of News Corp. Through much of the 20th century, The Advertiser was Adelaide's morning broadsheet, The News the afternoon tabloid, with The Sunday Mail covering weekend sport, and Messenger Newspapers community news. The head office was relocated from a former premises in King William Street, to a new News Corp office complex, known as Keith Murdoch House at 31 Waymouth Street.

History

The South Australian Advertiser
An early major daily colonial newspaper, The Adelaide Times, ceased publication on 9 May 1858. Shortly afterwards, Reverend John Henry Barrow, a former editor of the South Australian Register founded the morning newspaper The South Australian Advertiser and a companion weekly The South Australian Weekly Chronicle. The original owners were Barrow and Charles Henry Goode, and the first issues were published on 12 July 1858 and 17 July 1858 respectively. It initially consisted of four pages, each of seven columns, and cost 4 pence.

In 1863 the company started an afternoon newspaper The Express as a competitor to The Telegraph, an afternoon/evening daily paper independent of both The Advertiser and the South Australian Register. The company was then re-formed, effective 9 September 1864, with additional shareholders Philip Henry Burden, John Baker, Captain Scott, James Counsell, Thomas Graves and others. Burden, secretary of the company, died in 1864, and Barrow, whose wife had died in 1856, married his widow in 1865, thus owning together a quarter of the company. In December 1866, the syndicate bought the now defunct The Telegraph (by this time renamed The Daily Telegraph with a morning edition and a weekend Weekly Mail) at auction, and incorporated it with The Express to form The Express and Telegraph.

In 1871, when the shareholders were Barrow, Goode, Robert Stuckey, Thomas Graves, William Parkin, Thomas King, James Counsell, and George Williams Chinner, the partnership was dissolved and the business was carried on by Barrow and King. J. H. Barrow died on 22 August 1874, and Thomas King ran the papers for himself and Mrs. Barrow for about five years. In 1879 a new firm was created, consisting of Thomas King, Fred Burden (son of P. H. Burden and adopted son of J. H. Barrow), and John Langdon Bonython. In July 1884, Thomas King dropped out, and the firm of Burden & Bonython was formed to run the paper.

The Advertiser

On 1 April 1889, the main publication was re-branded with an abbreviated title, The Advertiser. In December 1891, Burden retired, and sold his share of the company to Bonython, who, from 1894 to 1929, became the sole proprietor of The Advertiser. As well as being a talented newspaper editor, he also supported the movement towards the Federation of Australia. Later, in 1923, after a run of 60 years, The Express was stopped just as its renamed rival, The News, was starting. On 12 January 1929, The Mail announced that Bonython had sold The Advertiser for £1,250,000 to a group of Melbourne financiers The Herald and Weekly Times, an external media company, now had the controlling stake, but Bonython still retained a 48.7% interest. Bonython then retired from his newspapers in 1929, after 65 years' service, and his son, John Lavington Bonython, became editor. In February 1931, in the wake of the Great Depression, The Advertiser took over and shut down its ailing competitors, The Register (published 1836-1931), The Chronicle (Register's Saturday sister publication), and The Observer (published 1843-1931), briefly renaming itself for seven months as The Advertiser and Register.

News Corp Australia
On the death of Keith Murdoch in 1952, ownership of The News and The Mail passed to his son Rupert Murdoch via News Limited. Following the handover, and in response to suggestions of external influences from Victoria made by competing newspaper The Mail, the Chairman of The Advertiser's board published its policy in The Advertiser as follows:
"It is the same today as when the late Sir Langdon Bonython was in sole control. It is based upon a profound pride and belief in South Australia, and the system of private enterprise which has made this State what it is."

On 24 October 1953 the company launched the Sunday Advertiser in direct competition to News Limited's The Mail, but failed to outreach its rival, though no doubt affecting its profitability. It ceased publication five years or so later, after which the by then renamed Sunday Mail advertised itself as a joint publication of Advertiser Newspapers and News Ltd., and incorporated many of the Sunday Advertiser regular features. It had also introduced colour graphics on the comics page (rather primitive by today's standards), but this was dropped shortly after joint publication commenced.

In addition, The Messenger, published since 1951 was partially purchased in 1962, and fully owned by 1983. When Murdoch acquired The Herald and Weekly Times in 1987, he also acquired the remaining 48.7% share of The Advertiser. He sold The News in 1987, and it was closed in 1992. Murdoch then changed the format of The Advertiser from a broadsheet to a tabloid in November 1997, and the masthead and content font and layout was modernised in September 2009.

Circulation
The Advertiser is available for purchase throughout South Australia and some towns and regions in New South Wales, Victoria and the Northern Territory located near or adjacent to the South Australia state border such as Broken Hill, Mildura, Nhill and Alice Springs. According to The Advertiser'''s website, the newspaper is read by over 580,000 people each weekday, and by more than 740,000 people each Saturday. Circulation figures reported in May 2016 by Roy Morgan Research showed a continuing decline in readership, of 324,000 on weekdays, and 371,000 on Saturdays.The Advertisers website, adelaidenow.com.au, was rated by third-party web analytics providers Alexa and SimilarWeb as, respectively, the 268th and 313rd most visited website in Australia, as of August 2015. SimilarWeb rates the site as the 29th most visited news website in Australia, attracting almost 1.8 million visitors per month. In 2015, along with other News Corp websites, The Advertisers website adopted a paywall with non-subscribers being locked out of "premium" content.

Notable personnel
Personnel at The Advertiser include:

 Sir John Langdon Bonython, editor
 Sir John Lavington Bonython, management
 Michael Atchison , cartoonist
 Natalie von Bertouch
 Nick Cater
 Alfred Thomas Chandler
 Annabel Crabb
 Tanya Denver
 Sidney Downer
 Brady Haran
 Andrew Kirkpatrick
 Pat Oliphant
 Tory Shepherd
 Frederick Samuel Wallis

Digitisation
The National Library of Australia has digitised, by OCR, photographically archived copies of the following newspapers, accessible through Trove:The South Australian Advertiser – 12 July 1858 Vol. I No. 1 to 30 March 1889 (Vol XXXXI No. 9,500)The Adelaide Express 2 December 1863 (Vol 1. No. 3) to 29 December 1866 (Vol. IV No. 923)Express and Telegraph from 2 January 1867 (Vol. IV, No. 925) to 3 November 1922 (Vol LIX No. 17,780)The Advertiser – 1 April 1889 (Vol. XXXI No. 9,501) to 20 February 1931 (LXXIII No. 22,579)The Advertiser and The Register – The Advertiser'' – 1 October 1931 (Vol. LXXIV No. 22,769) to 31 December 1954 (Vol. 97 No. 30,019)

See also

 List of newspapers in Australia

References

External links
 Official site

Newspapers established in 1858
News Corp Australia
1858 establishments in Australia
Newspapers published in Adelaide
Daily newspapers published in Australia
Newspapers on Trove

The Advertiser (Adelaide)


Kestel Barajı, İzmir, Bergama kenti yakınındaki Kestel Çayı üzerinde sulama amacıyla 1983-1988 yılları arasında inşa edilmiş baraj. Toprak gövde dolgu tipi olan barajın gövde hacmi 838.000 m³, su yatağından yüksekliği 65,00 m, normal su kotunda göl hacmi 37,40 hm³, normal su kotunda göl alanı 2,40 km²'dir. Baraj 4.077 hektarlık bir alana sulama hizmeti vermektedir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Türkiye'deki barajlar listesi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

İzmir ilindeki barajlar
Bergama'daki yapılar
1988'de tamamlanan altyapı

Kestel Barajı


Collegelaan (în ) este o stație fantomă a premetroului din Antwerpen, care face parte din rețeaua de tramvai din Antwerpen. Stația este situată în estul orașului, în districtul Borgerhout, sub strada Collegelaan, la intersecția cu Steenenbrug.

Istoric
Stația a fost construită în cadrul Tunelului Rozenpijp, iar lucrările au debutat în 1979 și sunt, din 1989, puse în conservare. Contrar celorlalte stații de pe Reuzenpijp, a căror construcție a început în 1978, șantierul pentru Collegelaan a debutat un an mai târziu, pentru că Maatschappij voor het Intercommunaal Vervoer te Antwerpen (în ) (MVIA) nu vedea niciun avantaj prin amplasarea unei stații în acel loc. Pentru riverani și elevii frecventatului colegiu Xaverius a fost prevăzută construirea stației Morckhoven. După presiunile venite din partea locuitorilor și a colegiului Xaverius și după succesul stației de tramvai de suprafață "Joe English", planurile MIVA au fost revizuite. Construcția stației Morckhoven a fost abandonată și s-au început lucrările la Collegelaan, pentru acest lucru fiind necesară spargerea tubului de tunel deja construit. Proiectul prevedea ca stația să fie deservită de tramvaiul , dar construcția a fost oprită în 1981. Collegelaan are o intrare de la suprafață, dar aceasta a fost blocată de De Lijn cu porți metalice pentru a împiedica accesul curioșilor.

Caracteristici
Stația Collegelaan este situată în apropierea Inelului de ocolire a Antwerpenului și este cea mai adâncă dintre stațiile din Antwerpen, deoarece tunelul subtraversează inelul, care în acel loc se află în debleu. Ea este construită după același model ca și altele de pe tronsonul Reuzenpijp: la nivelul -1 se află sala pentru bilete, la nivelul -2 se găsește peronul spre centrul orașului, în timp ce peronul spre Morckhoven și ieșirea din tunel este la nivelul -3, la 23 de metri adâncime față de nivelul străzii. Peroanele au 36 de metri lungime.

Planuri de viitor
Începând de sâmbătă, 18 aprilie 2015, tunelul Reuzenpijp a fost pus în exploatare și este deservit de tramvaiele liniei , care circulă prin stația Collegelaan fără să oprească, dar încetinind în timp ce o traversează. Stația este desemnată ca ieșire de urgență în cadrul proiectului LIVAN I RVP 6.

Nu este prevăzută nicio dată de deschidere.

Note

Vezi și
Premetroul din Antwerpen

Imagini

Stații fantomă ale premetroului din Antwerpen

Collegelaan (stație de premetrou din Antwerpen)


Ostiano ist eine norditalienische Gemeinde (comune) mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) in der Provinz Cremona in der Lombardei. Die Gemeinde liegt etwa 22 Kilometer nordöstlich von Cremona am Oglio. Ostiano grenzt unmittelbar an die Provinz Brescia und ist Teil des Parco dell'Oglio Sud.

Persönlichkeiten
 Bartolomeo Manfredi (1582–1622), Maler, wohl in Ostiano (oder Mantua) geboren

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Ort in der Lombardei

Ostiano


Bismillah je zajednički naziv za izraz U ime Boga, Milostivog, Samilosnog, arapski بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم, Bismillahi ar-Rahman ar-Rahim, što je konsekracijski izraz (izraz posvećenja) u islamu. S ovim izrazom započinju sve sure u Kuranu osim sure devet, a također i svaki značajni muslimanski spis. Ar-Rahman i ar-Rahim su prema islamskoj teologiji, dva najznačajnija Alahova imena.

Vidi još
 99 Alahovih imena
 Islam
 Sufizam
 Ta'awwudh

Literatura
 Reza Shah-Kazemi, My Mercy Encompasses All: The Koran's Teachings on Compassion, Peace and Love (2007),

Islam

Bismillah


.bw Botsvana için internet ülke kodu üst seviye alan adıdır.

Botsvana
Bw

.bw


Macbeth is a 1990 album by Slovenian avant-garde music group Laibach. It consists of music composed and performed by Laibach for a 1987 production of the William Shakespeare play  Macbeth by Wilfried Minks at Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg, Germany in 1987. It is the second Laibach album consisting of music written for a play, after their 1986 album Baptism.

Track listing
 "Preludium"
 "Agnus Dei (Acropolis)"
 "Wutach Schlucht"
 "Die Zeit"
 "Ohne Geld"
 "U.S.A."
 "10.5.1941"
 "Expectans Expectavos"
 "Coincidentia Oppositorum"
 "Wolfis"
 "Agnus Dei (Exil und Tod)"

References

1990 albums
Laibach (band) albums
Mute Records albums
Works based on Macbeth
1990 soundtrack albums

Macbeth (album)


La Ford Fiesta Mk5 est la cinquième génération de la Ford Fiesta construite en Europe entre avril 2002 et 2008. Cette cinquième génération a continué d'être construite au Mexique jusqu'en 2010 et au Brésil jusqu'en 2014. La plupart des moteurs ont été repris de la Fiesta précédente. Cette génération est devenue la génération de Ford Fiesta la plus vendue à ce jour. Ce fut la première Fiesta à être vendue en Asie et en Australasie, où elle a remplacé la Ford Festiva basée sur une Kia.

Histoire

Le , la toute nouvelle voiture de cinquième génération a été dévoilée. La production à l'usine d'Almussafes a commencé le . La plupart des moteurs ont été repris de la Fiesta précédente, mais rebaptisés «Duratec», car le nom «Zetec» était désormais uniquement utilisé pour les modèles plus sportifs. Le précédent moteur à tige de poussée de 1,3 L était initialement disponible au Royaume-Uni, mais il a rapidement été remplacé par un moteur RoCam de 1,3 L, tous deux sous le nom de Duratec 8v.

Les niveaux de finition initialement disponibles étaient Finesse, LX, Zetec et Ghia, avec des variantes en édition limitée peu après. La cinquième génération a également été la première Fiesta à être équipée de série d'un système de freinage antiblocage et d'airbags pour passagers. Cette génération est devenue la génération de Ford Fiesta la plus vendue à ce jour.

Les moteurs disponibles comprennent des moteurs essences de 1,25 L, 1,3 L, 1,4 L, 1,6 L et 2,0 L, ainsi qu'un moteur Diesel Duratorq TDCi à  et à rampe commune de 1,6 litre construit en co-entreprise avec PSA.

Les Fiesta vendues en Asie et en Australasie étaient les LX 1,6 /, Zetec 1,6  et Ghia 1,6 . Elles ont remplacée la Festiva basée sur une Kia, c'était la première fois que la Fiesta était commercialisée dans ces régions. Au Brésil et en Argentine, une version berline à malle de la Fiesta a été introduite fin 2004. Un modèle berline à malle similaire, appelé «Ikon» et avec une face avant différente, est sorti en Inde fin 2005. Cette génération de Fiesta était ergonomiquement et mécaniquement plus avancée que n'importe quelle génération précédente. Le lifting de 2005 est venu avec un extérieur amélioré.

Commercialisation

Amérique du Sud
Au Brésil, les options de moteur incluent également les moteurs Flex 8v de 1.0 L et Flex 8v de 1.6 L, appelés Rocam, qui fonctionnent à l'éthanol, à l'essence ou à un mélange des deux. Le nom de code interne de ce modèle est B256 () et B257 (). Dans d'autres pays du Marché commun du Sud, la Fiesta est équipée d'un moteur Zetec SOHC de 1,6 L et  () avec le choix entre une transmission automatique à  ou une transmission manuelle à . Un moteur Diesel de 1,4 L et  ( est également disponible. Pour le marché colombien, le moteur Rocam 8v de 1,0 L était vendu avec un compresseur, produisant  (). Cela a été abandonné en 2009 et remplacé par la Mark VI importée du Mexique. Au Chili, le modèle est importé depuis le Mexique car le modèle du Marché commun du Sud ne répond pas aux exigences du pays.

La Fiesta du marché sud-américain a été relooké début 2007 en tant que modèle de 2008, avec de nouveaux phares rectangulaires et une nouvelle calandre. Début 2010, la Fiesta a été relookée en tant que modèle de 2011, avec de nouveaux phares et une nouvelle calandre, très similaires à ceux de la Fiesta Mark VI disponibles sur d'autres marchés à travers le monde, mais en conservant toutes les autres caractéristiques à peu près les mêmes que dans le modèle précédent. Son nom varie d'un pays à l'autre, appelé «Fiesta One» en Argentine, «Fiesta Move» au Venezuela et «Fiesta Rocam» au Brésil.

Mexique
Cette génération était vendue au Mexique jusqu'en 2010, date à laquelle elle a été remplacée par l'Ikon Hatch (une Ford Figo importée d'Inde et toujours basée sur la Fiesta de cinquième génération). Ce nouveau modèle a coïncidé avec le lifting de 2010 et le changement de nom, passant de Fiesta Sedan à Ikon. Depuis l'arrêt de l'Ikon en 2012, l'Ikon Hatch est vendue aux côtés de la Fiesta de sixième génération.

Inde
Sur le marché indien, Ford produisait la Ford Ikon (basée sur le modèle Mark IV) et la Fiesta de cinquième génération (avec une carrosserie tricorps à quatre portes uniquement) en parallèle pour le marché des berlines jusqu'en avril 2011. La Fiesta était commercialisée en Inde depuis septembre 2005, soit avec un moteur essence Duratec de 1,6 litre (également en version sportive, à savoir le Duratec S de 1,6 L) soit avec un moteur Diesel TDCi de 1,4 L. La carrosserie était spécifique au marché indien, non liée à la Mark V berline à malle vendue en Amérique latine. La voiture s'est bien vendue dès le début, avec plus des deux tiers des ventes initiales êtant le modèle Diesel plus économique. En 2010, la Ford Figo a été ajoutée à la gamme, une berline à hayon basée sur le modèle Mark V.

La production de la Ford Ikon a été interrompue lorsque les exigences d'émission Bharat IV sont entrées en vigueur pour les zones métropolitaines. Ford a ensuite annoncé le lancement de la Fiesta Mark VI à un prix inférieur et avec de nouvelles fonctionnalités, notamment des doubles coussins gonflables, alignant la Fiesta avec ses concurrentes telles que l'Honda City, le Suzuki SX4, la Volkswagen Vento et la Hyundai Verna. En juillet, Ford a présenté la Fiesta de sixième génération, commercialisée en Inde avec uniquement une carrosserie berline à malle.

Classic
À l'époque de l'introduction de la Mark VI, en avril 2011, le nom de la Mark V a été changé en «Ford Fiesta Classic».

Après environ un an sur le marché sous le nom de Ford Fiesta Classic, la version restructurée a abandonné la partie «Fiesta» et est simplement devenue la Ford Classic en juillet 2012. Cela a coïncidé avec une baisse des prix et l'introduction d'une nouvelle variante appelée «Titanium». Elle est proposée avec un moteur essence Duratec de 1,6 litre ou avec un moteur Diesel TDCi de 1,4 L. La version essence propose  () tandis que le Diesel a  ().

Japon
La Fiesta était brièvement vendue de 2004 à 2007, partageant sa plate-forme avec la Mazda Demio. Le seul style de carrosserie était la berline , avec le moteur de 1,6 litre et la finition GLX, la Fiesta ST n'étant proposée qu'en 2005. La Fiesta Sportizm était vendue au Japon et était limitée à . Le modèle est basé sur la GHIA de 1,6 litre et il est équipé de kits carrosserie sportifs, d'un aileron arrière et de l'écusson «Sportizm» à l'extérieur et sur les tapis de sol. La Sportizm n'était vendue que dans la couleur "Colorado Red".

Fiesta ST/RX4
La Fiesta ST/XR4 était le modèle de performance de cette Fiesta. Elle comprend un moteur essence Duratec de 2,0 L et  () sous sa forme standard, avec une vitesse de pointe de  (). La Fiesta ST est également dotée de jantes en alliage de  (), freins à disque sur toutes les roues, pare-chocs avant et arrière différents, jupes latérales, poignées et bandes de protection couleur carrosserie, sièges en cuir partiel ou, en supplément optionnel, des sièges en cuir chauffants et un logo ST sur les dossiers des sièges avant et sur le volant.

En Australie, la Fiesta ST était vendue sous le nom de Fiesta XR4. Pour rester en ligne avec tous les modèles sportifs de Ford vendus en Australie, elle a reçue le badge «XR», au lieu du badge «ST» utilisé en Europe.

Le véhicule a été dévoilé au Salon de l'automobile de Genève 2004.

Fiesta RallyeConcept
Il s'agit d'un concept car britannique  conçu par Ford RallyeSport et Ford Design Europe, conçu pour le rallye Super 1600. Le moteur Duratec de 1,6 L était évalué à  (). Elle comprend un échappement Arvin Meritor quatre-deux-un, une boîte séquentielle Hewland à , des suspensions avant à jambes de force MacPherson et suspensions arrière à poutres torsadées et jantes en magnésium à  avec pneus Pirelli P-Zero de .

La voiture a été dévoilée au salon de l'auto de Birmingham.

Concept Fiesta RS
Il s'agit d'un concept car basé sur la Fiesta RallyeConcept de 2002. Elle comprend de nombreuses fonctionnalités de la Fiesta RallyeConcept telles que les évents de refroidissement dans le pare-chocs avant, bas de caisse latéraux épais, étriers de frein à revêtement céramique blanc, embouts d'échappement et un grand aileron arrière. Elle comprend également des jantes en alliage de 18 pouces avec des pneus à profil bas, passages de roues allongés et suspension abaissée et raidie. Le moteur est évalué à plus de  ().

Lifting
En novembre 2005, une version révisée de la Fiesta de cinquième génération a été lancée pour l'année modèle 2006, également connue sous le nom de Mk5.5. Les changements extérieurs comprennent de nouveaux pare-chocs et une nouvelle calandre, nouveaux phares, nouveaux feux arrière, rétroviseurs extérieurs redessinés et moulures latérales plus épaisses, avec poignées, rétroviseurs et moulures latérales couleur carrosserie sur certains modèles. De nouvelles couleurs extérieures vibrantes ont été ajoutées, 'Tango Red', 'Amethyst', 'Sublime' et 'Apple'.

À l'intérieur, la refonte s'est concentrée sur l'amélioration de la sensation de qualité et d'espace. Cela comprenait un nouveau carénage, avec des instrumentations «analogiques» plus faciles à lire, et une section supérieure du tableau de bord au toucher doux, à la suite des critiques de la texture originale dure et bon marché. Le lifting comprenait également une gamme de nouvelles technologies de «grandes voitures», y compris la commande vocale, Bluetooth, un ordinateur de bord, Contrôle Électronique et Automatique de la Température (CÉAT), essuie-glaces à capteur de pluie, phares automatiques, rétroviseurs extérieurs rabattables électriquement et connectivité MP3. Au Royaume-Uni, ces nouvelles fonctionnalités ont été rendues publiques par le biais d'une campagne publicitaire télévisée nommé «Clever Fiesta, Stupid Dogbot» («Fiesta intelligente, robot-chien stupide» en français) et du microsite de Ford. Au Royaume-Uni, la voiture était initialement disponible dans les niveaux de finition Studio, Style, Style Climate, Zetec, Zetec Climate, Zetec S, ST et Ghia. Ce fut la dernière Fiesta vendue avec le niveau de finition Ghia.

Les changements ont eu un effet immédiat sur les ventes. Après des années de ventes inférieures à celles de la Corsa de Vauxhall, entre autres, en février 2006, Ford a annoncé que les ventes du mois précédent avaient augmenté de 25 % par rapport à janvier 2005 avec le modèle précédent. De plus, la Fiesta a remporté le titre de la citadine la plus populaire de Grande-Bretagne en 2006 et 2007, pour la première fois depuis 2001.

Éditions limitées
La Zetec S "Anniversary" était une édition limitée à 400 voitures basée sur la Zetec S et comprenait une carrosserie Radian Yellow, toit en damier, rétroviseurs et poignée de porte noirs, verre tinté, jantes en alliage de 16 po (41 cm), becquet de toit noir, sièges sport, garniture en cuir, une alarme et une prise pour iPod.

La voiture a été mise en vente au Royaume-Uni en mars 2007 pour 12 595 £. Malgré son nom, la Ford Fiesta avait en réalité 31 ans lorsque le modèle anniversaire est sorti.

La Zetec S "Celebration" était une édition limitée (400 voitures) basée sur la Zetec S et comprenait une carrosserie Celebration Green, autocollant de toit en damier, numéro d'identification unique, plaques de seuil et tapis en damier, intérieur tout en cuir "Ebony Haze", verre d'intimité, rétroviseurs extérieurs, moulures latérales, becquet de toit et poignée du hayon Panther Black, jantes en alliage de 16 po (41 cm), climatisation, un ordinateur de bord, vitres électriques, lecteur CD avec prise pour connexion de musique portable, sièges avant sport et suspension sport abaissée.

La voiture a été mise en vente au Royaume-Uni pour 12 595 £.

La Zetec S Red était une édition limitée (500 voitures) basée sur la Zetec S et comprenait une carrosserie Colorado Red, autocollant de toit en damier, verre d'intimité foncé sur les vitres arrière, rétroviseurs extérieurs, poignées de porte, moulures latérales, becquet de toit et poignée du hayon Panther Black; Pare-brise chauffant Quickclear, sièges en cuir Ebony, jantes en alliage de 16 po (41 cm), climatisation et rétroviseurs extérieurs chauffants et à commande électrique.

La voiture a été mise en vente au Royaume-Uni pour 13 000 £.

Mise à niveau par Mountune Performance pour la Fiesta ST
En 2008, Ford a proposé des options Mountune Performance pour les véhicules Fiesta ST, disponibles chez les concessionnaires Ford britanniques spécialisés à partir de mars 2008. Ceux-ci étaient développés par Roush Technologies Ltd, propriétaire de la marque de sport automobile Mountune Racing. Le Mountune Performance Stage 1 (1 435 £) comprend un catalyseur à haut débit et un collecteur tubulaire, ainsi qu'un réétalonnage du moteur pour produire 165 PS (121 kW; 163 ch). La finition Mountune Performance Stage 2 (1 838 £) ajoute de nouveaux arbres à cames et de nouveaux ressorts de soupape à la finition de base pour fournir 185 PS (136 kW; 182 ch).

La ST 500 était un modèle en production limitée (500 véhicules) de la Fiesta ST. Elle comprend des jantes en alliage noir de 17 po (43 cm) et à 11 rayons, étriers de frein rouges et garniture intérieure en fibre de carbone. L'intérieur comprend également un système audio Sony et des sièges chauffants en cuir Ebony. Le véhicule coûtait 15 000 £.

Zetec Blue
En novembre 2007, Ford a annoncé l'édition spéciale 'Zetec Blue', présentée en tant que 'chant du cygne' pour la Mk5 du Royaume-Uni. La Zetec Blue était disponible en 3 ou 5 portes, avec un choix de moteurs essence de 1.25 L et 1.4 L et diesel TDCi de 1.4 L. Les prix commençaient à 9 995 £; entre les modèles Style Climate et Zetec Climate existants. La garniture des sièges était un dérivé unique du bleu «Kyoto» présenté dans la Style Climate, et tandis que la Zetec Blue ne comportait pas de calandre chromée; le modèle a par ailleurs été spécifié comme le modèle Zetec Climate, ajoutant en plus ; Jantes alliage 16" à 7 branches, système audio CD Sony avec télécommandes et haut-parleurs haut de gamme et contour, évent et guêtres bleus coordonnés. Pour stimuler les ventes finales avant l'introduction de la Mk6, les spécifications de la Zetec Blue ont augmenté à l'été 2008, avec l'inclusion du Bluetooth et commande vocale, et de la finition Technology (phares automatiques, essuie-glaces à capteur de pluie, rétroviseurs extérieurs rabattables électriquement) de série, qui a été promu jusqu'au 30 septembre 2008.

Références

Automobile des années 2000
Fiesta

Ford Fiesta V


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Mga kasarigan

Galeottiella

Galeottiella sarcoglossa


داء المُبَيِّضَات أو السفاد  هو عدوى فطرية يسببها فطر المبيضة البيضاء بشكل خاص أو أي من فطور عائلة جنس المبيضات السفيديات، تسبب هذه الفطور عدوى مختلفة تتراوح ما بين عدوى سطحية مقتصرة على الجلد إلى عدوى مجموعية تهدد حياة المصاب. فقد يحدث وجود المبيضات في الدم  لدى المرضى ممن لديهم عوز مناعي كمرضى الإيدز والسرطان ومن خضعوا لعمليات نقل أعضاء.

توجد خمائر المبيضات على سطح الجلد والأغشية المخاطية بشكل طبيعي ويحد جهاز المناعة من نموها غير المنظم الذي قد يسبب الداء، كما أن بكتيريا النبيت الموجودة على سطح الجسم تمنع انتشار مبيضة البيضاء، تسبب العدوى السطحية للمبيضات الالتهاب في الجلد والأغشية المخاطية المصابة، وهي عدوى شائعة لدى البشر  خاصة لدى النساء حيث تصيب المهبل على وجه الخصوص. تصنف عدوى المبيضات بشكل عام على أنها عدوى انتهازية إلا أنها قد تحدث كجزء من متلأزمات مختلفة في أسبابها ومآلها.

الأعراض والصورة السريرية
معظم حالات عدوى المبيضات محصورة حيث تصيب الجلد والأغشية المخاطية، وتنحصر أعراضها على الحكة والاحمرار، بالرغم من أن الأعرض قد تكون شديدة وقاتلة لدى فئة معينة من المرضى (المصابين بالعوز المناعي)، تصيب العدوى لدى المعوزين مناعيا كلاً من التجويف الفموي والبلعوم والمريء والجهاز الهضمي والمجاري البولية بالإضافة للأعضاء التناسلية، كما يمكن أن تتفاقم إلى حد وجود المبيضات في الدم أو القلب أو الدماغ.

يمكن أن يظهر داء المبيضات لدى النساء في المهبل بعد التداوي (الخاطئ أو المستمر لفترة طويلة) بالمضادات الحيوية. وعادة مايزول بعد وقف التداوي بفترة قصيرة.

يظهر عادةً مرض القلاع عند الأطفال الرضع. لا تعتبر هذه الحالة غير طبيعية عند الرضع ما لم تستمر لفترة أطول من بضعة أسابيع.

التشخيص

يعتمد المختصون أحد الطريقتين الآتيتين في تشخيص داء المبيضات، الطريقتان هما:
 الزرع.
 الفحص الميكروسكوبي للعينة.

الفحص الميكروسكوبي للعينة
يتم فحص المسحة المأخوذة (العينة) تحت الميكروسكوب البؤري بعد معالجتها بمحلول هيدروكسيد البوتاسيوم 10% وتثبيتها على الشريحة. يقوم محلول هيدروكسيد البوتاسيوم بتحليل خلايا الجلد تاركا خلايا المبيضة مما يسمح برؤية الخيطان الكاذبة النامية من خلايا الخميرة بوضوح، وهو المشهد المميز للمبيضة.

الزراعة
يتم أخذ مسحة من المنطقة المصابة بداء المبيضات، ويتم دهنها على طبق الزرع ويحضن على حرارة 37 درجة مئوية لعدة أيام، ويكن من لون وشكل طريقة نمو المستعمرات أن تساعد على التعرف على الكائن الحي الموجود في المنطقة المصابة. هذه الطريقة أقل استعمالاً من الفحص الميكروسكوبي نظراً إلى أنها تستغرق وقتاً طويلاً كما أنها حساسة جداً ويمكن للعينة أن تتلوث مما يجعلها غير مفيدة في التشخيص.

العلاج بالأدوية
يمكن للتداوي (الخاطئ أو المستمر لفترة طويلة) بالمضادات الحيوية أن يساهم في حدوث داء المبيضات لدى الأشخاص الأصحاء. وعادة مايزول المرض تلقائياً بعد وقف التداوي بفترة قصيرة. وتستخدم عادة الأدوية المضادة للفطور في علاج داء المبيضات. وأهم الأدوية المضادة للفطور المستخدمة:
 الكلوتريمازول الموضعي clotrimazole
 نيستاتين موضعي nystatin
 فلوكونازول موضعي fluconazole
 كيتوكونازول ketoconazole

ورد أن التداوي بجرعة واحدة من الفلوكونازول 150 ملغ كانت شافيه لـ90 % من الحالات.

العلاج بالأعشاب الطبيعية

يفضل بعض الأطباء علاج داء المبيضات غير الحاد أو البسيط بالنباتات التي أثبتت فاعليتها وكذلك عن طريق حميه تسمى حمية الكانديدا حيث ويعتبر الفطر المعروف باسم «كانديدا البيكانس» Candida Albicans أشهر أنواع الفطريات التي تصيب جسم الإنسان بكثير من المشكلات الصحية.

اختبار كشف الإصابة بالمنزل

عند الاستيقاظ من النوم في الصباح قم مباشره بالبصق داخل كأس ماء واتركه لمدة 10 دقائق
بعدها يلاحظ ترسب طبقة سحابية في القاع ونزول مثل الأسلاك من قمة الكأس

نظام غذائي
يشمل النظام الغذائي قائمة بالأغذية الممنوعة والأخرى المسموح بها.

الأغذية الممنوعة
السكر الأبيض والبني - العصائر المحلاة بالسكر - العسل الأسود - عسل النحل - شراب الذرة - شراب الأرز - دبس التمر - الفاكهة المجففة (المجمدة والمعبأة) - عصائر الفاكهة (المعلبة) - الكحوليات والمشروبات المخمرة - خميرة الخباز وخميرة البيرة - الخبز والمعجنات والبسكويت والكيك والحلوى والـ«دونتس» - الخل الأحمر والأبيض - الأطعمة المحتوية على الخل مثل المخللات، الخضراوات المخللة، المايونيز، الكاتشاب، متبلات السلاطة المعدة تجاريا، صلصة الصويا، صلصة الباربكيو، الخردل، الخردل المحتوي على الخل - الحليب المركز (مسحوق الحليب) - الفطر (فطر عيش الغراب) - الفول السوداني - زبد الفول السوداني - الفستق الأخضر - الجبن المعتق والمعفن والمعالج مثل جبن الروكفورت والجبنة الزرقاء وجبن الشيدر - الأطعمة المصنعة والمعلبة - الوجبات الجاهزة المحتوية على السكر والدقيق المكرر - اللحوم المعالجة صناعيا والمدخنة مثل السجق (النقانق) والسلامى - المحليات الصناعية - .

الأغذية المسموح بها

- شاي الأعشاب، خاصة شاي القرنفل.

- العصائر الطازجة.

- الخضراوات الورقية الخضراء مثل السبانخ والجرجير (لاحتوائها على «بيتا كاروتين» وفيتامين «سي»).

- الكرنب، البروكلي، القرنبيط، اللفت، ملفوف بروكسل (لاحتوائها على مواد كبريتية).

- حساء الخضراوات الطازج المعد في المنزل.

- الفاكهة الطازجة.

- الأرز البني/ الدقيق البني (الخالي من الغلوتين).

- الكيك المصنوع من الأرز (كيك الأرز).

- الكيك المصنوع من الشوفان (كيك الشوفان) - نخالة الشوفان.

- الخبز والمعجنات المعدة في المنزل باستخدام دقيق الحبوب الكاملة مع البيكنغ باودر أو الصودا.

- البقول (المجففة) مثل العدس والفول والبازلاء والحمص.

- لبن الصويا.

- الزبادي المدعم بالخمائر الطبيعية.

- الزبادي المحتوي على البكتريا الحية، المحفوظ في الثلاجة بعيدا عن الضوء.

- الجبن قليل اللاكتوز مثل جبن الموتزاريلا.

- المكسرات الطازجة والبذور النيئة (لاحتوائها على فيتامين إي E).

- زيت بذر الكتان أو زيت الزيتون (عصرة البكر الباردة) Extravirgin oils.

- البصل والثوم (لاحتوائها على مواد مضادة للفطريات).

- اللحوم والأسماك الطازجة.

- الأطعمة العضوية، الطبيعية، غير المصنعة.

ويضاف إلى هذه الأغذية ما يلي

- الأغذية الغنية بعنصر الزنك مثل اللحوم الحمراء والمحار البحري والمكسرات والبذور (يلعب الزنك دورا مهما في زيادة مناعة الجسم والوقاية من الالتهابات الفطرية).

- الأغذية الغنية بفيتامين «سي» C مثل الحمضيات والتوت والفراولة والفلفل الأحمر والأخضر (يلعب فيتامين «سي» دورا مهما في رفع كفاءة الجهاز المناعي والوقاية من الالتهابات).

- الأغذية الغنية بعنصر الحديد مثل اللحوم الحمراء والأسماك والبيض والمكسرات والخضراوات الورقية الخضراء (يساعد الحديد على التئام الالتهابات الفطرية ومنع تكرارها).

- الأغذية المعززة بالخمائر الطبيعية مثل الزبادي وبعض عصائر الفاكهة (إعادة التوازن الطبيعي بين البكتريا النافعة والفطريات مما يؤدي إلى منع نشاط وتكاثر الفطريات)

المكملات الغذائية

أما المكملات الغذائية المسموح بها، فتشمل:

- مستخلص بذور «غروب فروت» Grapefruit Seeds Extract (مضاد للفطريات، يساعد على استعادة التوازن الطبيعي بين البكتريا النافعة والفطريات، يستخدم على هيئة نقط بالفم أو غرغرة لعلاج فطريات الفم والحلق).

- حمض الكابريليك (مادة حمضية تستخرج من جوز الهند، مضادة للفطريات، تستخدم تحت الإشراف الطبي الدقيق).

- مكملات زيت الثوم Garlic Oil (مضاد للفطريات، ينصح بتناوله بصفة منتظمة لرفع مناعة الجسم والتغلب على الالتهابات الفطرية والفيروسية والبكتيرية).

- مكملات بروبيوتيك Probiotics المحتوية على بكتريا لاكتوباسيلس أو بفيدوبكتريوم.

- المكملات الغذائية المحتوية على الحديد والزنك وفيتامين «سي».

- المكملات الغذائية المحتوية على مستخلص عشب (اشينيشيا Echinicea) الذي يساعد على رفع كفاءة الجهاز المناعي الخليوي المضاد للفطريات.

مراجع

أمراض الأبقار
أمراض الأغنام والماعز
أمراض الخيل
أمراض الطيور
أمراض فطرية
أمراض فطرية حيوانية
حالات جلدية مرتبطة بفطريات

داء المبيضات


A prova dos 100 metros masculino do Campeonato da Europa de Atletismo de 2022 foi disputada nos dias 15 e 16 de agosto de 2022, no Estádio Olímpico de Munique, em Munique na Alemanha.

Recordes
Antes desta competição, os recordes mundiais e do campeonato nesta prova eram os seguintes:

Os seguintes recordes foram estabelecidos durante esta competição:

Medalhistas

Cronograma
Todos os horários são locais (UTC+2).

Resultados

Bateria
Qualificação: 3 atletas de cada bateria (Q) mais os 1 melhores qualificados (q). Os 14 atletas mais bem posicionados se classificaram diretamente para as semifinais.

Vento:
Bateria 1: +0.7 m/s, Bateria 2: 0.0 m/s, Bateria 3: +0.1 m/s

Semifinal
Qualificação: 2 atletas de cada bateria (Q) mais os  2 melhores qualificados (q). Os 14 mais bem classificados se juntaram aos 10 atletas classificados na fase anterior.

Vento:
Bateria 1: 0,0 m / s, Bateria 2: +0,2 m / s, Bateria 3: +0,2 m / s

Final
A final ocorreu no dia 16 de agosto às 22:15.

Vento: -0,1 m / s

Ligações externas

Site da Associação Europeia de Atletismo

Campeonato da Europa de Atletismo de 2022

Campeonato da Europa de Atletismo de 2022 - 100 m masculino


Kraljevina Poljska (polj. Królestwo Polskie, lat. Regnum Poloniae) bila je država u srednjoj Europi nastala krunidbom kralja Boleslava I. Hrabrog.

Bilješke

Vidi još

 Poljsko-Litavska Unija
 Popis poljskih vladara
 Tri podjele Poljske

Povijest Poljske

Kraljevina Poljska


قد تشير كلمة «كلية الآداب» إلى :

كلية الآداب هي إحدى كليات العلوم الإنسانية بالجامعات مثل :

صفحات توضيح
قوائم

كلية الآداب (توضيح)


ඩිජිටල් ඡායාරූප විකසක ක්‍රියාවලීන් භාවිතයට පැමිණීමට පෙර ඡායාරූප කඩදාසි මඟින් හැඟවුණු එකම අර්ථය වූයේ ආලෝක සංවේදක රසායන ද්‍රව්‍ය ගැල්වූ කඩදාසි ගණනයි.

වර්තමානයේ ඡායාරූප කඩදාසි (photo paper) ලෙස හැඳින්වෙන කඩදාසි බොහෝ විට ඉන්ක්ජෙට් හෝ ලේසර් මුද්‍රණ යන්ත්‍රවල භාවිතය සඳහා විශේෂයෙන් සකස් කළ කඩදාසි වන අතර ඒවා ඩිජිටල් මුද්‍රණයන් ලබා ගැනීම සඳහා භාවිත කෙරේ. මෙම ලිපියේදී අවධානය යොමු කෙරෙනුයේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික ඡායාරූප කඩදාසි සම්බන්ධවය.

ඡායාරූප කඩදාසි සමඟ ඡායා පටලයක් සෘජුව ස්පර්ශ කර වීම (ස්පර්ශ මුද්‍රණය) මඟින් හෝ විශාලකයක් භාවිතයෙන් (විශාලනය) පාලිත ආකාරයට ආලෝකයට නිරාවරණය කළ හැකිය. මේ ඔස්සේ අදෘශ්‍යමාන රූපයක් නිර්මාණය කෙරෙන අතර අනතුරුව මෙම ඡායාරූප කඩදාසි රසායනික ද්‍රව භාවිතයෙන් දෘශ්‍ය රූපයක් ලැබෙන පරිදි විකසනය කරනු ලැබේ.

ඡායාරූපකරණය

ඡායාරූප මුද්‍රණය-ඡායාරූප කඩදාසි


Kawhi Anthony Leonard (født 29. juni 1991) er en amerikansk professionel basketballspiller, som spiller for NBA-holdet Los Angeles Clippers. Han har vundet Defensive Player of the Year to gange i sin karriere.

Karriere
Leonard blev draftet til NBA i 2011 af Indiana Pacers, der dog øjeblikkeligt efterfølgende tradede ham til San Antonio Spurs. Inden draften havde han spillet college-basketball for San Diego State Universitys hold SDSU Aztecs.

Leonard spillede sine første syv år i NBA hos Spurs, og var her med til at vinde ligaens mesterskab i 2014 efter finalesejr på 4-1 i kampe over Miami Heat. Leonard blev efterfølgende kåret til NBA Finals MVP efter at have leveret et gennemsnit på 18 point og seks rebounds over de fem kampe. Året forinden havde Spurs og Leonard også nået finalen mod Heat, der dette år dog vandt finaleserien i syv kampe. I løbet af sin tid hos Spurs blev Leonard to gange, i 2016 og 2017, udtaget til NBA's All-Star-kamp, og han blev desuden to gange, i 2015 og 2016 kåret til ligaens bedste forsvarsspiller.

I sommeren 2018 tradede Spurs Leonard til Toronto Raptors. Hans første sæson i klubben blev meget succesfuld, da han var med til at føre klubben frem til sit første NBA-mesterskab nogensinde, efter en finalesejr i seks kampe over de regerende mestre fra Golden State Warriors. Endnu engang blev Leonard kåret til Finals MVP.

NBA-klubber
 2011-2018: San Antonio Spurs
 2018-2019: Toronto Raptors
 2019-: Los Angeles Clippers

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Personer fra Los Angeles
Basketballspillere fra USA
Basketballspillere fra San Antonio Spurs
Basketballspillere fra Toronto Raptors
Basketballspillere fra Los Angeles Clippers

Kawhi Leonard