Fallo histórico refere-se a fraude eleitoral perpetrada na República Dominicana por Joaquín Balaguer nas eleições de 1978, onde conseguiu alterar os resultados e assim obter a maioria do Senado e uma representação muito superior à que realmente correspondia.

Nas eleições de 1978, Joaquín Balaguer, então presidente da República Dominicana, enviou um grupo de militares às instalações da Junta Central Eleitoral com ordens precisas para interromper a contagem dos votos e alterar os resultados, nos quais pretendia se declarar o vencedor e ignorar os verdadeiros resultados.

Os Estados Unidos deram a conhecer a sua determinação de que os resultados eleitorais fossem respeitados e o repudio generalizado da intentona provocou uma crise que obrigou Balaguer a entregar o poder. No entanto, ele conseguiu alterar os resultados, obtendo a maioria do Senado e da Câmara dos Deputados, tornando quase impossíveis as ações do governo de Antonio Guzmán Fernández.

1978 na República Dominicana
Joaquín Balaguer
Política da República Dominicana
Fraude eleitoral

Fallo histórico


{{Infobox musical artist
| name             = Orange Juice
| image            =
| caption          =
| image_size       =
| background       = group_or_band
| alias            =
| occupation       =
| origin           = Bearsden, Scotland
| genre            = {{hlist|Post-punk|new wave|jangle pop<ref name="Now That's What I Call New Pop!">Harvel, Jess. "Now That's What I Call New Pop!".  Pitchfork Media. 12 September 2005.</ref>|indie pop}}
| years_active     = 1979–1985, 2008
| label            = Postcard, Polydor, Domino
| associated_acts  =
| website          =
| current_members  =
| past_members     = Edwyn CollinsJames KirkDavid McClymontSteven Daly Chris Gordon Malcolm RossZeke ManyikaClare KennyJohnny Britten Paul Heard Steve Skinner
}}

Orange Juice were a Scottish jangle pop band founded in the Glasgow suburb of Bearsden as the Nu-Sonics in 1976. They became Orange Juice in 1979, and became perhaps the most important band in the Scottish independent music scene that emerged in the post-punk era, inspired by contemporary punk bands including Subway Sect, Television, and Buzzcocks but also 1960s acts, most notably the Byrds and the Velvet Underground. Musically, the band brought together styles and genres that often appeared incongruous, for example, country, disco and punk.

The band released their first singles during 1980 and 1981 on the independent Postcard Records label founded by Alan Horne, along with fellow Scottish bands Josef K and Aztec Camera. Orange Juice's 'neo acoustic', jangly guitar sound – as evident in singles including "Blue Boy" and "Simply Thrilled Honey" – came to define 'The Postcard Sound' that directly influenced acts as diverse as the Bluebells, Haircut One Hundred and the Smiths.

Despite their association with the independent scene, the band signed to the major label Polydor Records in 1981 and recorded their first album, You Can't Hide Your Love Forever for them. However, internal tensions led to splits in the band in late 1981, with their second album, released in late 1982, showing more pop sensibilities and combining their guitar-based sound with disco influences. The band's only top 40 hit, "Rip It Up" was achieved with the aid of the synthesizer – it was the first hit to use the Roland TB-303.  "Rip It Up" reached number 8 on the UK Singles Chart in February 1983. Subsequent singles failed to chart as highly, but the band continued to be critically acclaimed, finally splitting up in January 1985 after a gig for the UK miners' strike. Their three albums have been subsequently reissued and remastered on several occasions, with a major career-spanning box set Coals to Newcastle released in 2010.

Edwyn Collins pursued a successful solo career following the band's split, whilst other members James Kirk, David McClymont, Malcolm Ross and Zeke Manyika have had lower-profile solo releases. The original line-up of the band reunited once in 2008 to be honoured for their influence on Scottish music, but the band has never reformed.

History
Origins: The Nu Sonics
Orange Juice had their origin in the Nu Sonics, formed by Edwyn Collins with college friend Alan Duncan (on bass) in 1976: the band was named after the affordable Burns nu-sonic guitar used by Collins. Two students in the year below them – Steven Daly and James Kirk, previously in punk band, The Machetes – were drafted into the band in 1977, with a fifth member, Geoff Taylor, playing drums. A first gig was held in the Silver Thread in Paisley in November 1977, with Daly on lead vocals. Daly subsequently shifted to drums, and further local gigs followed as a four-piece, including one supporting Steel Pulse at Satellite City in January 1978, alongside Johnny and the Self-Abusers, later to be known as Simple Minds. Duncan left the band after a gig at Hardgate Town Hall, leaving the remaining members to search for a new bass player.

The Postcard years
Shortly after Duncan's departure, one of Collins' colleagues in the Glasgow Parks Department, David McClymont, joined the band on bass, and the band was rechristened as Orange Juice. Collins, Kirk, McClymont and Daly's first gig as Orange Juice occurred in April 1979 in the Glasgow School of Art refectory. At another early gig at Teviot Row House at the University of Edinburgh was recorded by Malcolm Ross of Josef K, and one track from this (Kirk's "Felicity") was pressed as a flexi-disc to be distributed with a planned fanzine to be called '''Strawberry Switchblade', a name that later inspired and was adopted for a band formed by friends of the group and notably Alan Horne, the manager of Postcard Records. Horne planned the fanzine with Collins in 1979 primarily as a conduit to release Orange Juice's music. The fanzine never appeared, though some copies of the flexi were given away in the Ten Commandments fanzine run by Robert Hodgens (of the Bluebells).

Daly left shortly after the Teviot Row gig, joining local punk act Fun 4. Daly was replaced in Orange Juice by Chris Gordon on drums, but was persuaded back to record the band's debut single "Falling and Laughing" for Postcard after Gordon suffered from stage fright at a number of gigs. The debut single was recorded in December 1979 in Strathaven, with Malcolm Ross co-producing and adding guitar to both the A-side and the playful and instrumental B-side "Moscow", the latter recorded as a tentative 'theme tune' for the coming 1980 Moscow Olympics. Fewer than 1,000 copies of "Falling and Laughing" were pressed, and most included copies of the "Felicity" flexi: 200 also included a postcard of the band. The wrap-round cover and amateur packaging established Postcard's home-spun aesthetic, with the label's "Sound of Young Scotland" tagline marking it out as something of a reaction to much of the seriousness and angst of post-punk. Released in February 1980, "Falling and Laughing" was Postcard's signature tune: lyrically and musically, it celebrated the innocence of youth and was very much at odds with much contemporary independent music, combining a disco bass-line purloined from an ELO song with jangly guitars reminiscent of the Velvet Underground.

"Falling and Laughing" immediately marked out Postcard Records as a label to watch, and subsequent releases by Josef K and Aztec Camera consolidated its reputation as being at the cutting-edge of a new wave of Scottish pop. But it was Orange Juice that came to embody the "Sound of Young Scotland", with Collins' on-stage behaviour, charity-shop chic and occasional self-parody combining camp aesthetics with a subversive rejection of macho rock and roll cliché. Live, performances could be shambolic, with guitars often out of tune, and songs often aborted as drums, bass and guitar raced away from each other. Occasionally, crowds were hostile towards the band, seeing them as effeminate and anti-rock. Nonetheless, gigs in Glasgow and then Edinburgh began to attract a sizable fan-base: notable gigs with Josef K were sold as 'Postcard' nights, including the infamous 'Funky Glasgow Now' show at Glasgow Technical College in April 1980.

The band's debut single was followed by a series of well-received Postcard 7" releases: "Blue Boy", "Simply Thrilled Honey" and "Poor Old" Soul in 1980 and 1981. Selling sufficiently to appear prominently in the independent charts, these garnered considerable interest from the London-based music press, much of which appeared charmed by the band's on-stage antics. Invitations to record two sessions for Radio One DJ's John Peel followed, and, in the autumn of 1980, the band was invited on a national tour by Peel-favourites The Undertones, gaining further exposure. One of these gigs was at Rock City in Nottingham: coming on as support band, Orange Juice became the first band to play this now-legendary venue (on 11 Dec 1980).

Demos for an album on Postcard were completed in a single day at Hellfire Studios in Glasgow in 1981, with the working title Ostrich Churchyard. Seeking better distribution to get the debut album to a larger audience, Postcard approached Rough Trade Records with these demos, with Rough Trade agreeing to fund recording sessions in London in the summer of 1981, promising to distribute the debut album whilst allowing Postcard to retain artistic freedom. The album was recorded in Regent's Park Studios in London in August 1981, under the auspices of Scritti Politti producer Adam Kidron, who sought to augment the band's guitar-based sound with backing singers, horns and keyboards, emulating the sound that had made Scritti's "The "Sweetest Girl"" a modest crossover hit. Afterwards, Orange Juice took the tapes from these sessions and signed to Polydor, hastening the demise of Postcard (with a scheduled fifth Orange Juice single on Postcard, "Wan Light", failing to ever see the light of day). The Postcard Records-era history of Orange Juice is featured in the 2015 documentary film Big Gold Dream.

Debut album
Debut album You Can't Hide Your Love Forever was not released until February 1982, and received mixed reviews, with the use of backing singers and synthesizers anathema to some of the band's long-term fans. Retrospectively, however, the album is often cited as a classic of the era and a key influence on the C86 generation and beyond. By the stage the album was released, the band in any case had a new line-up: in August 1981, Josef K split up, with Collins asking guitarist Malcolm Ross to join the band, making it a five-piece. This caused some ructions, with Daly and Kirk reportedly feeling the band was losing its original sound (Daly in particularly having publicly objected to the first Polydor single "L.O.V.E... Love", a cover of the Al Green classic, released in October 1981). Collins was reported in the press as siding with Kirk and Daly before deciding to leave with Malcolm Ross and bass player David McLymont. Collins, Ross and McLymont performed as a three-piece, with stand-in drummers, on a couple of Autumn 1981 gigs before Zeke Manyika made his live debut in January 1982 at the London Venue. As such, the line-up that promoted You Can't Hide Your Love Forever on tour in early 1982 was not the line-up that recorded it: ignoring older material penned by James Kirk (e.g. "Felicity", "Wan Light", "You Old Eccentric", "Three Cheers for Our Side") the band often used dates to debut new songs that overtly more pop in style, including a cover of The Staple Singers' "I'll Take You There", future single "I Can't Help Myself" (with its telling reference to The Four Tops), and "In Spite of It All", later renamed and issued as the single "Two Hearts Together" in the summer of 1982. The latter single was released as a double A-side with "Hokoyo", a song co-written by Zeke Manyika and featuring lyrics in Shona, showing the band moving away from its original guitar-based sound and towards a more varied and eclectic musical palette.

Rip It Up and chart success
Despite increasing exposure on TV and media, both of Orange Juice's 1982 singles failed to deliver the anticipated hit. However. the album Rip It Up issued in November 1982 was to spawn the single of the same name, which reached number 8 on the UK Singles Chart in February 1983. Referencing both Chic and the Buzzcocks, the single cemented Orange Juice as one of the brightest bands in the 'new pop' scene. The single was promoted through two memorable Top of the Pops performances, including one where bass player David McClymont appeared to fall into the crowd, apparently inebriated, gaining them a ban from the programme. DJ Janice Long championed the band, commissioning two further Radio One Sessions in March 1983 (neither commercially released, and assumed missing from the BBC archive), while magazines including Smash Hits continued to showcase the band (its editor Ian Cranna becoming the band's manager). However, the follow-up single to "Rip It Up", "Flesh of My Flesh", failed to build on its success, peaking at number 41 in the spring of 1983.

Later years
New single "Place in my Heart" was scheduled for October 1983 as a teaser for an album that would come out the following month. However, both were pulled following Ross and McClymont leaving the group, citing 'musical differences': the last appearance of the four-piece Orange Juice was their open-air festival appearance at Victoria Park, Hackney 6 Aug 1984. Salvaged from the album sessions, the six-track mini-album Texas Fever, issued in March 1984, was critically feted, but failed to spawn a hit with its only single, "Bridge".

From this point Orange Juice had a core line-up of Collins and Manyika, who proceeded to record Orange Juice's final album, The Orange Juice, with Clare Kenny on bass, and with Johnny Britten on guitar and Paul Herd on bass joining the live set-up. Produced by Dennis Bovell, the album was named with reference to the third album by The Velvet Underground. Again critically acclaimed, the album's blue-eyed soul influences presaged other 1980s Scottish acts taking inspiration from this genre, including Wet Wet Wet and Hue and Cry. The album's lead single "What Presence?!" was notable for a video by Derek Jarman but also failed to break into the top 40, peaking at 47, while prophetic single "Lean Period" just crept into the top 75. The album was promoted via 'The Artisans' tour in the Autumn of 1984, with Steve Skinner replacing Britten on guitar, but by this stage venues and crowds were becoming smaller (and a final London Lyceum date in December 1984 was cancelled because of poor sales). Relations with Polydor became strained by the fact Orange Juice could not tour internationally because of Zeke Manyika's immigration status, with the release of a third single from the album vetoed as the record label focused on other acts, to Collins' vocal disapproval. At the same time, Collins' decision to release material with former schoolfriend Paul Quinn on Alan Horne's new Swampland Records label further soured the relationship with Polydor.

The band's final show was in January 1985 at a gig for the UK miners' strike, where they came on as the first act (before Aztec Camera and Everything but the Girl), announcing it was their last gig to a half-empty venue. Their final song was "Rock and Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My Life)", a cover of a Kevin Johnson song. Following the split, Manyika recorded a solo album for Polydor, who also released an Orange Juice 'greatest hits' album In a Nutshell in 1985, while Collins signed for Creation Records the same year, with his solo debut single "Don't Shilly Shally" released on the Creation-offshoot Elevation Records in 1986.

Legacy

While never enjoying prolonged commercial success, Orange Juice were to exercise considerable influence over the indie pop and indie rock scenes that followed in the UK. Most notably, commentators often noted the debt that The Smiths owed to Collins' lyrics, while a number of other later 1980s bands were to cite Orange Juice and other Postcard Records acts as an influence, with the C86 scene featuring numerous acts who either covered Orange Juice songs (e.g. The Wedding Present) or who borrowed elements of their sound (e.g. Mighty Mighty, The Chesterf!elds, The June Brides, The Bodines). Internationally, Orange Juice also inspired the neo-acoustic movement in Japan, with the band Flipper's Guitar naming their 1989 debut album after one of James Kirk's compositions, "Three Cheers for Our Side".

In the 1990s, the rejuvenated Postcard Records issued a collection of the band's early singles and in 1993 finally released the demos for the first album Ostrich Churchyard alongside a reissue of "Blue Boy", while Polydor collected the best of their major releases on a new 'best of' compilation, The Esteemed – The Very Best of Orange Juice.

In the 2000s, guitar bands including Franz Ferdinand, Hatcham Social, The Drums, and The Cribs proclaimed Orange Juice as an influence, triggering renewed interest in the band. Franz Ferdinand's label, the Domino Recording Company, responded by issuing re-releases of all four Polydor albums on vinyl and CD, with a major 6 CD/DVD collection Coals to Newcastle released in 2010.

Edwyn Collins continues to perform Orange Juice songs at his live shows. Though Malcolm Ross was initially part of Collins' live band, and Kirk, Manyika, and McLymont continue to record and perform intermittently, the band has never reformed. To date, the original line-up of the band has reunited publicly just once, in 2008, when they were honoured for their influence on Scottish music by the Nordoff Robbins musical trust.

Discography

You Can't Hide Your Love Forever (1982)
Rip It Up (1982)
The Orange Juice (1984)

References

External links

Scottish post-punk music groups
Scottish new wave musical groups
Jangle pop groups
Musical groups from Glasgow
Scottish indie pop groups
Scottish musical quartets

Orange Juice (band)


La Sonata de Primavera, del escritor español Ramón María del Valle-Inclán, es un libro publicado en 1904. Forma parte de la tetralogía de Sonatas modernistas, que tienen como protagonista al marqués de Bradomín, «alter ego» del escritor gallego, recuperando el mito donjuanesco.

Trama
En la Sonata de Primavera, la acción transcurre en Italia, cuando el marqués llega a un palacio de la ciudad ficticia de Ligura (trasunto de Roma), para entregar un mensaje del Papa a monseñor Gaetani, que moribundo, hace que sea recibido por la princesa Gaetani, cuñada del prelado y madre de cinco hermosas hijas. El marqués queda prendado de la hija mayor, María del Rosario, que está en trance de ingresar en un convento, lo que, siguiendo el mito de Miguel de Mañara provocará que él despliegue sus dotes de seductor.

En el año 2004 se estrenó una ópera basada en la novela, en el Teatro Argentino de La Plata, adaptada por Alejandro Fontenla, con música de Jorge Fontenla.

Véase también

Sonatas
Bohemia literaria española.
Escritores de España.
Literatura en español.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Adaptación para televisión y guion de Enrique Llovet, con dirección de Miguel Picazo y actuación de Manuel Sierra, Inma de Santy, Berta Riaza y Manuel Alexandre, y emitida por TVE.

Libros de 1904
Obras de Ramón María del Valle-Inclán
Novelas adaptadas a la ópera
Novelas adaptadas a la televisión

Sonata de primavera (novela)


نايف الراشد (10 فبراير 1971 -)، ممثل ومخرج ومؤلف ومنتج كويتي.

عن حياته
كانت بداية دخوله المجال الفني في عام 1986 كممثل، وكانت في أدوار صغيرة. مثل دوره في مسرحية أرض وقرض حينما قدم شخصية أحد أشقاء (قسيمة) الفنانة حياة الفهد. كذلك بعام 1995 شارك الفنانة نوال في فيديو كليب «عرفت قدري»، إلى أن بدايته الفعلية كانت في عام 2005 بعد مسلسل جبروت امرأة أيضًا مع الفنانة حياة الفهد.

قدم خلال عامي 2008 و 2009 و 2010 مسلسل شر النفوس المتكون من ثلاث مواسم عرضت في رمضان ومن ذلك انطلق إلى أدوار البطولة المطلقة واستمر بالعمل الفني كممثل ومنتج حيث أنه اتجه إلى مجال الإنتاج وأنتج عدد من المسلسلات، كما قام أيضًا بالمشاركة بها.

أعماله

من المسلسلات
 1988: مدينة الرياح.
 1989: عاد ولكن.
 1996: رجل سنة 60.
 1996: يوميات صايم.
 1997: الخوف - سهرة تلفزيونية.
 1997: اثنان على الطريق.
 2002: مصنع الرجال.
 2005: جبروت امرأة.
 2006: صاحبة الإمتياز.
 2007: الوزيرة.
 2008: مصدق نفسة.
 2008: شر النفوس.
 2009: شر النفوس 2.
 2010: شر النفوس 3.
 2013: غصن مكسور.
 2012: درب الوفا.
 2014: انتقام عزيز.
 2016: لقيت روحي.
 2019: كان خالد.
 2021: أبشر بالسعد
في عام 2007 شارك ببطولة مسلسل «للخطايا ثمن». إلا أن المسلسل منع من العرض بسبب تطرقه لمواضيع حساسة على المجتمع الكويتي.

من المسرحيات
 1986 : البمبرة.
 1987 : الدكتور صنهات.
 1988 : أرض وقرض.
 1994 : على قشر موز.
 1995 : صباح الخير يا كويت.
 1998 : لعيونك.
 2002 : حلم العملاق.
 2008 : عايلة ستايل.
 2015 : هذا أهو الكويتي.

التأليف
 2001 : مسرحية سبايدرمان - تاليف.
 2002 : مسلسل مصنع الرجال - تاليف.
 2005 : مسرحية جمعان والأمريكان - تاليف.
 2006 : مسلسل صاحبة الامتياز - قصة وسيناريو وحوار.
 2007 : مسلسل الوزيرة - قصة وسيناريو وحوار.
 2008 : مسلسل شر النفوس - تاليف.
 2009 : مسلسل شر النفوس 2 - تاليف.
 2010 : مسلسل شر النفوس 3 - قصة وسيناريو وحوار.
 2012 : مسلسل درب الوفا.
 2015 : مسرحية هذا أهو الكويتي.

إخراج
 2002 : مسرحية حلم العملاق.
 2002 : مسلسل مصنع الرجال.
 2004 : مسرحية الأكاديمية.
 2008 : مسلسل مصدق نفسة.
 2010 : مسلسل شر النفوس 3.
 2019 : مسلسل كان خالد.

الإنتاج
 2002 : مسلسل مصنع الرجال.
 2005 : مسلسل جبروت امرأة.
 2006 : مسلسل صاحبة الإمتياز.
 2007 : مسلسل الوزيرة.
 2008 : مسلسل مصدق نفسه.
 2008 : مسلسل شر النفوس.
 2009 : مسلسل أسرار القلوب.
 2009 : مسلسل شر النفوس 2.
 2010 : مسلسل شر النفوس 3.
 2016 : مسلسل لقيت روحي.

روابط خارجية

المراجع

كتاب كويتيون
مخرجون كويتيون
ممثلون كويتيون
مواليد 1971
كتاب بالعربية في القرن 20
كتاب بالعربية في القرن 21

نايف الراشد


1508 Kemi este un asteroid care intersectează orbita planetei Marte. A fost descoperit de astronomul finlandez Heikki A. Alikoski, la 21 octombrie 1938.

Caracteristici
Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă majoră egală cu 2,7699197 u.a. și de o excentricitate de 0,4171839, înclinată cu 28,73568° în raport cu ecliptica.

Denumirea asteroidului
Asteroidul poartă numele orașului finlandez Kemi și numele celui mai important râu din Finlanda Kemi / Kemijoki.

Legături externe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1938
Asteroizi de tip BCF
Asteroizi care intersectează orbita planetei Marte
Asteroizi cu nume de locuri

1508 Kemi


Tezkire, kelime anlamıyla "zikredilen, zikri geçen" anlamına gelen, kişilerin biyografisini çeşitli yönleriyle subjektif veya objektif ele alan eserlerdir. Tezkireler ilk kez İran edebiyatında ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu eserler mensur yazılmakla birlikte içinde manzum kısımların yer aldığı tezkireler de vardır. Tezkireler bugünkü edebiyat tarihlerinin ve şiir antolojilerin yerini tutmaktadır.

Türk edebiyatında tezkire yazma geleneğinin temeli Ali Şir Nevaî'nin Mecâlisü'n-Nefâis adlı eserine dayanır. Türk edebiyatının ilk tezkiresi budur. Türk edebiyatında sırasıyla 16. yüzyılda Sehi Bey, Latifî, Aşık Çelebi, Kınalızâde Hasan Çelebi, Ahdî ve Beyanî; 17. yüzyılda Sâdıkî, Riyâzî, Fâizî, Rızâ, Yümnî, Asımm ve Güftî; 18. yüzyılda Mûcib, Safâyî, Sâlim, Beliğ, Safvet, Râmiz; 19. yüzyılda da Fatin gibi belli başlı tezkire yazarları mevcuttur. Bunların dışında da yazılmış çok sayıda tezkire mevcuttur.

Tezkire klasik Türk edebiyatı şair ve yazarların şiirlerini ve hayatlarını kapsayan edebiyat antolojisi görevi gören bir kitaptır.

Anadolu sahasında yazılan ilk tezkire Sehi Bey'e ait olup Heşt Behişt (Sekiz Cennet) ismini taşımaktadır. Bunun dışında Latifi'nin tezkiresi, Ahdi'nin Gülşen-üş Şuara isimli tezkireleri de ünlüdür.

16. yüzyılda yaşayan Latifi (1491-1582) şiirleri de bulunmasına rağmen edebiyatımızda tezkiresiyle ünlü bir yazardır. Latifi tezkiresinde 310 şaire yer vermiştir. Latifi tezkiresinde şair ve sanatçıları objektif olarak değerlendirmemiştir. Latifi tezkiresi bu yönüyle edebi tenkit örneğidir. Latifi'nin 1546'da tamamlayıp I. Süeyman'a sunduğu kendi adıyla anılan tezkiresi, 1896'da Şuarâ Tezkiresi adıyla yayınlanmıştır.

Tezkiretü'ş-Şuarâ, Tezkire-i Şuarâ veya Tezkire adlarıyla anılan eserler devrin şairlerinin zaman içinde unutulup gitmelerini önlemek, hatırlanmalarına vesile olmak amacıyla yazılmış eserlerdir. İçlerinde en az yüz civarında şair bulunur ve bu yönleriyle şekil olarak günümüzdeki, yazarlar veya şairler sözlüğü gibi eserlere benzerler. Konularını şairlerin hayatları, kişilikleri, edebî faaliyetleri ve eserleri oluşturmaktadır. Tezkireler, çok ayrıntılı olmamakla beraber, biyografi eserleri olarak da kabul edilebilirler.

Tezkirelerde şairlerin hayatı hakkında bilgi verilir, kişilikleri ve eserleri üzerine değerlendirmeler yapılır ve eserlerinden örnekler verilir. Bu yönüyle edebî eleştiriler içerdiği söylenebilir. Tezkireciler bunu yaparken uslûbun sanatlı ve ahenkli olmasına da özen göstermektedir. Öyle ki, bu yönleriyle tezkireler aynı zamanda birer edebî eser niteliği taşımaktadırlar.

Şairlerin gerek tezkireye alınışlarında, gerekse eser ve şiirlerinden verilen örneklerin belirlenmesinde tezkirecinin zevk ve tercihi rol oynamaktadır.

Tezkireler çağının bir edebiyat ve kültür ürünüdür. Yazıldığı çağın sosyal, kültürel, sanatsal ortamını içerir. Aynı zamanda günümüz araştırmaları için değerli birer belge ve kaynak durumundadırlar.

Şair tezkiresi yazma geleneği XV. yüzyılda Çağatay sahasında Ali Şir Nevaî tarafından kaleme alınan Mecalisü'n-Nefâis ile Anadolu sahasında ise Sehi Bey'in yazdığı Heşt Behişt ile başlayarak, asırlarca kesintiye uğramadan devam etmiştir. Sehi Bey'in yazdığı Heşt Behişt adlı tezkireyi sırasıyla Latifî' nin kendi adıyla yazdığı Latifî tezkiresi; Ahdî'nin Gülşen-i Şu'ara; Aşık Çelebi'nin Meşa'irü'ş-Şu'ara; Hasan Çelebi'nin Kınalızade Tezkiresi; Beyanî'nin yine kendi adıyla anılan Beyanî Tezkiresi; Riyazî'nin Riyazü'ş-Şu'ara ; Kafzade Faizî'nin Zübdetü'l-Eş'ar ; Rıza'nın Rıza Tezkiresi ; Yümnî'nin Yümnî Tezkiresi ; Asım'ın Zeyl-i Zübdetü'l-Eş'ar; Güftî'nin Teşrifatü'ş-Şu'ara; Mücîb'in kendi adıyla anılan Mücîb Tezkiresi; Safayî'nin yine kendi adıyla anılan Safayî Tezkiresi; Salim'in Salim tezkiresi ; Belîğ'in Nuhbetü'l-Asar li-Zeyli Zübdeti'l-Eş'ar; Ramiz'in Adab-ı Zürefa; Silahdar'ın kendi adıyla anılan Silahdar Tezkiresi; Safvet'in Nuhbetü'l-Asar min Fera'idi'l-Eş'ar; Tevfik'in Mecmu'atü't-Teracim; Es'ad'ın Bağce-i Safa-enduz; Arif Hikmet'in Tezkire'si ve Fatin'in Hatimetü'l-Eş'ar adlı eserleri izler.

Cumhuriyet döneminde bu tezkireler üzerinde birçok çalışmalar yapılmış, bazı tezkireler latinize edilerek basılmıştır. Bunlardan bazıları şunlardır:

Sehi Bey Tezkiresi, Heşt Behişt, Sehi Bey, Mustafa İsen,

Lâtifi, Tezkiretü'ş-şuarâ ve Tabsıratü'n-nuzamâ, Abdüllatif Çelebi Latifi, 993/1585, Rıdvan Canım,

Tezkiretü'ş-şuara, Kınalızade Hasan Çelebi, 1016/1607 ; İbrahim Kutluk. Tezkiretü'ş-şuara, Mustafa b. Carullah Beyani ; İbrahim Kutluk. Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara 1997
Nuhbetü'l Âsâr li-Zeyli Zübdeti'l-Eş'âr, İsmail Beliğ, Abdulkerim Abdulkadiroğlu

Tezkire-i Şafayi (Nuhbetü'l-aşar min feva'idi'l-eş'ar), Mustafa Şafayi Efendi, Pervin Çapan,
Tezkire-i Şuarâ-yı Mevleviye, Esrar Dede, İlhan Genç,

Tezkire-i Mucip, Kudret Altun,

Tezkiretü'ş-Şu'ara Salim Efendi, Mirzazade Salim Mehmed Emin Efendi, 1156/1743 ; Adnan İnce.

Bazı Tezkireler
 Riyazi - Riyazü'ş Şuara
 Faizi - Zübtedü'l-Eşar (Şairler Tezkiresi)
 (MİRZADE MEHMED EFENDİ)Salim - Salim Tezkiresi
 (Pir Ahmed) Aşık Çelebi - Meşairü'ş Şuara(Şairlerin Duyuları)
 (Ali) Güfti - Teşrifatü'ş Şuara
 (Davud) Fatin - Haitmetül-Eşar (Fatih Tezkiresi)
 Hasan Çelebi - Sakiname
 Ahdi - Gülşen-i Şuara

Tezkire


Lanthionine is a nonproteinogenic amino acid with the chemical formula (HOOC-CH(NH2)-CH2-S-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH). It is typically formed by a cysteine residue and a dehydrated serine residue. Despite its name, lanthionine does not contain the element lanthanum.

Background

In 1941, lanthionine was first isolated by treating wool with sodium carbonate.  It was found to be a sulfur-containing amino acid; accordingly it was given the name lanthionine [wool (Latin: Lana), sulfur (Greek: theîon)]. Lanthionine was first synthesized by alkylation of cysteine with β-chloroalanine.  Lanthionines are found widely in nature.  They have been isolated from human hair, lactalbumin, and feathers.  Lanthionines have also been found in bacterial cell walls and are the components of a group of gene-encoded peptide antibiotics called lantibiotics, which includes nisin (a food preservative), subtilin, epidermin (effective against Staphylococcus and Streptococcus), and ancovenin (an enzyme inhibitor).

Preparation

A variety of syntheses of lanthionine have been published including sulfur extrusion from cystine, ring opening of serine β-lactone, and hetero-conjugate addition of cysteine to dehydroalanine.  The sulfur extrusion method is, however, the only pathway for lanthionine that has been employed in the total synthesis of a lantibiotic.

Biosynthesis of the lanthionine bridge in peptidic natural products can be accomplished through a number of different pathways. For example, the lanthionine bridges in the antibiotic nisin are the result of a dedicated dehydratase (NisB) and a dedicated cyclase (NisC).

References

Alpha-Amino acids
Sulfur amino acids
Thioethers
Non-proteinogenic amino acids

Lanthionine


Marea Libiei (în , în ) este porțiunea Mării Mediterane aflată la nord de coasta africană a anticei Libia, adică a provinciilor Cirenaica și Marmarica (coasta a ceea ce este acum partea de est a Libiei și vestul Egiptului, între Tobruk și Alexandria). Această denumire a fost folosită de geografii antici pentru a descrie sudul Mediteranei, dar termenul este de asemenea folosit de către scriitorii de călătorie și cartografii moderni. Țărmul sudic al insulei Creta care mărginește Marea Libiei conține Munții Asterousia și Câmpia Mesara; această zonă reprezintă locul unor importante așezări omenești din Epoca Bronzului printre care se află și siturile Kommos, Hagia Triada și Phaistos.

În afară de Creta, celelalte insule din Marea Libiei sunt Gavdos, Gavdopoula, Koufonisi și Chrysi.

Marea Libiei este mărginită la est de Marea Levantului, la nord de Marea Ionică și la vest de Strâmtoarea Siciliei.

Referințe

Vezi și
 Golful Sidra

Cioturi legate de geografia Greciei
Cioturi legate de geografia Libiei
Marea Mediterană

Marea Libiei


أوزوالد هو ملك نورثمبريا بين عامي 604 – 642 م، وهو أحد أبناء الملك إثلفريث، وكان قد طرد من البلاد بعد أن حكم إدوين رغم انه كان ابن آخا أخت إدوبن، ويظهر انه أمضى بعض وقته في المنفى في أيونا حيت تعلم فيها مبادئ وتعاليم المسيحية.

في عام 634 هزم وقتل الملك البريطاني كيدوالا في مكان سماه بيد دنيسزبرن هيفنفيلث والتي عرفت مع منطقة سانت أوزوالدز كوكلاو قربر تشولرفورد في نورث ثمبرلاند، وبهذا انتقم لأخيه إينفريث الذي خلف إدوين في برنيسيا ، فوحد اوزوالد ديرا وبرنيسيا مجددا وزاد من مكانة المملكة بنفس المكانة التي كانت عليها أيام إدوين، ويصنفهما بيد كاثنان من الملوك الأنكلوساكسون السبعة العظام، وكان تحالفه القوي مع الكنيسة السلتية هو أهم ما ميز عهده.

في عام 635 أرسل رسالة شيوخ اسكتلندا يطلب فيها إرسال أسقف، وعند وصول أيدان كتلبية لطلبه وضع أوزوالد مجلسه في جزيرة لينديسفارن قرب المدينة الملكية بارنبورو، وكذلك فقد أكمل كاتدرائية القديس بطرس في يورك والتي ابتدأها باولينوس تحت حكم إدوين، وقال بيد أن اوزوالد قد حكم شعوبا ومناطق في بريطانيا تتكلم أربع لغات وهم البريطانيون والبكتيون والاسكتلنديين والإنكليز.

ربما كانت علاقاته مع إدوين هي ما ساعدته في توحيد ديرا وبرنيسيا، وخلال سنوات حكمه الأولى كان داعما لملك الساكسون الغربيين كينغيلز الذي تزوج ابنته، وفي عام 642 هزم وقتل في مكان يدعى مازرفيلد (على الأغلب هو أوزويستري في شروبشاير) عندما تقاتل مع بيندا ملك مرسيا

مراجع

أنجلوسكسونيون قتلوا في معركة
شخصيات في أعمال جيفري مونماوث
قديسون أنجليكانيون
قديسون مسيحيون في القرن 7
قديسون ملوك مسيحيون
قديسون نورثمبريون
محاربون أنجلوساكسون
ملكيون إنجليز في القرن 7
ملوك إنجلترا
ملوك قتلوا في عمليات قتالية
ملوك قديسون في الكنيسة الرومانية الكاثوليكية
مواليد 604
مواليد في ديرا (مملكة)
وثنيون تحولوا إلى المسيحية
وفيات عقد 640

أوزوالد


The Nye Committee, officially known as the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, was a United States Senate committee (April 12, 1934 – February 24, 1936), chaired by U.S. Senator Gerald Nye (R-ND). The committee investigated the financial and banking interests that underlay the United States' involvement in World War I and the operations and profits of the industrial and commercial firms supplying munitions to the Allies and to the United States. It was a significant factor in public and political support for American neutrality in the early stages of World War II.

Background
During the 1920s and 1930s, dozens of books and articles appeared about the high cost of war, and some argued that financiers and arms manufacturers had maneuvered the United States into entering World War I. One of the best-known was Smedley D. Butler, a retired Marine Corps general who had become a spokesman for left-wing anti-war elements.  Historian Charles Callan Tansill's America Goes To War (1938) exploited the Nye Committee's voluminous report of testimony and evidence to develop and confirm the heavy influence exercised by Wall Street finance (notably J.P. Morgan) and the armaments industry (notably Du Pont) in the process that led to American intervention.

The push for the appointment of Senator Gerald Nye (R-ND) to the chairmanship of this committee came from Senator George Norris (R-NE). According to peace activist Dorothy Detzer, Norris said, "Nye's young, he has inexhaustible energy, and he has courage.  Those are all important boons. He may be rash in his judgments at times, but it's the rashness of enthusiasm."  Norris proposed Nye as "...the only one out of the 96 whom he deemed to have the competence, independence and stature for the task."

Organization
The committee was established on April 12, 1934.  There were seven members: Nye, the committee chair; and Senators Homer T. Bone (D-WA), James P. Pope (D-ID), Bennett Champ Clark (D-MO), Walter F. George (D-GA), W. Warren Barbour (R-NJ), and Arthur H. Vandenberg (R-MI).

Stephen Rauschenbusch, son of Christian Social Gospel activist Walter Rauschenbusch, was appointed lead counsel for the Committee; his assisting counsel included Robert Wolforth, Josephine Burns and Alger Hiss. John T. Flynn "played a major role in the course of the investigation" as a member of the committee's Advisory Council of experts. Burns and Rauschenbush, who met on the committee, married soon after and co-authored a book that recounts salient testimony gathered by the investigation, War Madness (Washington, D.C., National Home Library Association, 1937).  Alger Hiss served as a legal assistant (counsel) to the committee from July 1934 to August 1935. Most famously, Hiss "badgered" DuPont officials and questioned and cross-examined Bernard Baruch on March 29, 1935.  About their testimony, Dorothy Detzer (Appointment On The Hill, p. 169) reports:  "The four solemn Du Pont brothers," averred that "the corporation's profits of 400% during the First World War seemed only the good fruit of sound business."

Process
The Nye Committee conducted 93 hearings and questioned more than 200 witnesses.  The first hearings were in September 1934 and the final hearings in February 1936. The hearings covered four topics:
 The munitions industry
 Bidding on Government contracts in the shipbuilding industry
 War profits
 The background leading up to U.S. entry into World War I.

The committee documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war. It found that bankers had pressured Wilson to intervene in the war in order to protect their loans abroad. Also, the arms industry was at fault for price-fixing and held excessive influence on American foreign policy leading up to and during World War I.

According to the United States Senate website:

In her memoir, Appointment On The Hill (p. 169), Dorothy Detzer, an intimate eye-witness to the Committee's processes, summarizes:  "The long exhaustive investigation ... produced a sordid report of intrigues and bribery; of collusion and excessive profits; of war scares artificially fostered and [disarmament] conferences deliberately wrecked."  The "recommendations, accompanying the committee's reports to the Senate, were presented in a series of interlocking legislative measures ... The Neutrality Bill, providing for an embargo on arms and loans to nations at war, was the only legislation even partially enacted into law.  But even it was crippled by its 'half-measure' provisions. (p. 171).

Results
Nye created headlines by drawing connections between the wartime profits of the banking and munitions industries to America's involvement in the World War. Many Americans felt betrayed and questioned that the war had been an epic battle between the forces of good (democracy) and evil (autocracy), as it had been depicted in pro-war propaganda. This investigation of these "merchants of death" helped to bolster sentiments favoring neutrality, non-interventionism, disarmament, and taking the profits out of weapons procurements.

The committee reported that between 1915 and January 1917, the United States lent Germany $27 million. In the same period, it lent to Britain and its allies $2.3 billion. These loans were made during wartime: July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918.

Because of these facts Senator Nye, many war critics, and members of the American public concluded that the US entered the war for reasons of profit, not policy — because it was in the interest of American finance banks and investors for the Allies not to lose so that they would be able to pay interest and principal on their loans. The committee's findings did not achieve the aim of nationalization of the arms industry, but gave momentum to the non-interventionist movement, sparked the passage of the Neutrality Acts of the 1930s in 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1939, and encouraged Charles Lindbergh and other anti-Semites, who believed that the lenders were mostly Jewish. and that Jews were one of the principal groups advocating for U.S. intervention in Europe.

In its final report, the Nye Committee also identified the Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay as a key example of complicity between debt financiers, arms makers, and militaries. The Committee described the dynamic:

See also
 Merchants of death
Military-industrial complex

References

Further reading

 Nye Committee hearings (Munitions industry, naval shipbuilding: Preliminary report of the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry):
 1934 September 5–6
 1934 September 10–12
 1934 December 6–7, 10
 1934 December 17–18
 1935 June
 1935 June 15–19
 1935 July 25-August 20
 .
 .
 Coulter, Matthew Ware. The Senate Munitions Inquiry of the 1930s: Beyond the Merchants of Death (Praeger, 1997).
 Detzer, Dorothy. Appointment on the Hill (New York, Henry Holt, 1948) online.
 .
 .
.
.
.

1934 establishments in Washington, D.C.
1936 disestablishments in Washington, D.C.
73rd United States Congress
Defunct committees of the United States Senate
Non-interventionism
United States in World War I

Nye Committee


Vanessa (1868) este o pictură de John Everett Millais aflată în Sudley House, Liverpool. Este un portret fantezist care o descrie pe  prietena apropiată și corespondenta a lui Jonathan Swift Esther Vanhomrigh (1688-1723), care era cunoscut prin acea poreclă pe care Swift a inventat-o pentru ea.

Vanessa reprezintă o îndepărtare majoră în arta lui Millais, pentru că abandonează pentru prima dată pe deplin finisajul detaliat care încă era observat în Waking and Sleeping, expus în anul precedent. Influențat de opera lui Diego Velázquez și a lui Joshua Reynolds, Millais a pictat cu linii ale pensulelor dramatice și vizibile, în culori vii, creând ceea ce a fost descris ca o mânuire "aproape vag modernă" a vopselei.

Esther Vanhomrigh este cunoscută sub numele de "Vanessa lui Swift" din cauza numelui fictiv pe care i l-a dat atunci când aceasta a publicat corespondența lor. Portretul este complet imaginar. Nu există nici o imagine a lui Esther Vanhomrigh și se cunosc foarte puține despre aspectul ei real, deși se spunea că "nu era o frumusețe". Ține în mână o scrisoare, probabil scrisă către sau venind de la Swift. Expresia ei tristă este legată de natura bogată a legăturii lor, care a fost ruptă de legătura lui Swift cu o altă femeie, Esther Johnson, pe care a numit-o "Stella", cu care s-ar fi căsătorit în secret. Vanessa a murit curând după aceea. Millais a pictat, de asemenea, o lucrare-însoțitoare care o reprezintă pe Stella.

Pictura face parte din renașterea secolului al XVIII-lea în arta britanică, când a apărut un interes revigorat pentru lucrările lui Reynolds și Gainsborough.

Note

Picturi din 1868
John Everett Millais

Vanessa (pictură)


Logistics automation is the application of computer software or automated machinery to improve the efficiency of logistics operations.  Typically this refers to operations within a warehouse or distribution center, with broader tasks undertaken by supply chain engineering systems and enterprise resource planning systems.

Logistics automation systems can powerfully complement the facilities provided by these higher level computer systems. The focus on an individual node within a wider logistics network allows systems to be highly tailored to the requirements of that node.

Components

Logistics automation systems comprise a variety of hardware and software components:

 Fixed machinery
 Automated storage and retrieval systems, including:
 Cranes serve a rack of locations, allowing many levels of stock to be stacked vertically, and allowing for higher storage densities and better space utilization than alternatives.
 In systems produced by Amazon Robotics, automated guided vehicles move items to a human picker.
 Conveyors: Containers can enter automated conveyors in one area of the warehouse and, either through hard-coded rules or data input, be moved to a selected destination.
 Vertical carousels based on the paternoster lift system or using space optimization, similar to vending machines, but on a larger scale.
 Sortation systems: similar to conveyors but typically with higher capacity and able to divert containers more quickly.  Typically used to distribute high volumes of small cartons to a large set of locations.
 Industrial robots: four- to six-axis industrial robots, e.g. palleting robots, are used for palleting, depalleting, packaging, commissioning and order picking.
 Typically all of these will automatically identify and track containers using barcodes or, increasingly, RFID tags.
 Motion check weighers may be used to reject cases or individual products that are under or over their specified weight.  They are often used in kitting conveyor lines to ensure all pieces belonging in the kit are present.
Mobile technology
Radio data terminals: these are handheld or truck-mounted terminals which connect by radio to logistics automation software and provide instructions to operators moving throughout the warehouse.  Many also have barcode scanners to allow identification of containers more quickly and accurately than manual keyboard entry.
 Software
 Integration software: this provides overall control of the automation machinery and allows cranes to be connected to conveyors for seamless stock movements.
 Operational control software: provides low-level decision-making, such as where to store incoming containers, and where to retrieve them when requested.
 Business control software: provides higher-level functionality, such as identification of incoming deliveries/stock, scheduling order fulfillment, and assignment of stock to outgoing trailers.

Benefits of logistics automation
A typical warehouse or distribution center will receive stock of a variety of products from suppliers and store these until the receipt of orders from customers, whether individual buyers (e.g. mail order), retail branches (e.g. chain stores), or other companies (e.g. wholesalers).  A logistics automation system may provide the following:

 Automated goods in processes: Incoming goods can be marked with barcodes and the automation system notified of the expected stock.  On arrival, the goods can be scanned and thereby identified, and taken via conveyors, sortation systems, and automated cranes into an automatically assigned storage location.
 Automated Goods Retrieval for Orders: On receipt of orders, the automation system is able to immediately locate goods and retrieve them to a pick-face location.
 Automated dispatch processing: Combining knowledge of all orders placed at the warehouse the automation system can assign picked goods into dispatch units and then into outbound loads.  Sortation systems and conveyors can then move these onto the outgoing trailers.
 If needed, repackaging to ensure proper protection for further distribution or to change the package format for specific retailers/customers.

A complete warehouse automation system can drastically reduce the workforce required to run a facility, with human input required only for a few tasks, such as picking units of product from a bulk packed case.  Even here, assistance can be provided with equipment such as pick-to-light units.  Smaller systems may only be required to handle part of the process.  Examples include automated storage and retrieval systems, which simply use cranes to store and retrieve identified cases or pallets, typically into a high-bay storage system which would be unfeasible to access using fork-lift trucks or any other means. The use of Automatic Guided Vehicles maximizes the output compared to humans since they can do repetitive tasks for long hours and with least to no supervision. An AGV is built and programmed for precision and accuracy thereby reducing the chances of errors in a warehouse, especially when dealing with fragile goods.

Automation software
Software or cloud-based SaaS solutions are used for logistics automation which helps the supply chain industry in automating the workflow as well as management of the system. There are  few generalized software available in the new market in the said topology. This is because there is no rule to generalize the system as well as work flow even though the practice is more or less the same. Most of the commercial companies do use one or the other of the custom solutions.

But there are various software solutions that are being used within the departments of logistics. There are a few departments in Logistics, namely: Conventional Department, Container Department, Warehouse, Marine Engineering, Heavy Haulage, etc.

Software used in these departments

 Conventional department : CVT software / CTMS software.
 Container Trucking: CTMS software
 Warehouse : WMS/WCS

Improving Effectiveness of Logistics Management

 Logistical Network
 Information
 Transportation
 Sound Inventory Management
 Warehousing, Materials Handling & Packaging

See also

Automation
Autonomous logistics
Material handling equipment
Self-driving truck
Automated storage and retrieval system
Automated guided vehicle

References

 Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009,

Freight transport
Automation
Packaging machinery

Logistics automation


Damascene may refer to:
 Topics directly associated with the city of Damascus in Syria:
 A native or inhabitant of Damascus
 Damascus Arabic, the local dialect of Damascus
 Damascus steel, developed for swordmaking
 "Damascene moment", the religious conversion of Paul
 Animal breeds:
 Damascene (pigeon)
 Damascus goat
 John of Damascus (c. 676-749), Syrian Christian monk and priest
 Materials technologies evoking the visual texture of Damascus steel:
Damascening, of inlaying different metals into one another
Damask, a reversible figured fabric

Damascene


Glikirani hemoglobin (kratica GHB) je hemoglobin u organizmu koji je dio crvenih krvnih stanica eritrocita. Ugrađuje se u eritrocite u trenutku njihovog stvaranja.  Postupno na sebe poput brojnih bjelančevina na se vezuju glukozu. To se zbiva u uvjetima dugotrajne hiperglikemije. Vezavši se za molekulu hemoglobina u stanici eritrocita, glukoza se više ne odvaja. Glikacija hemoglobina A1 tijekom života eritrocita (120 dana) daje glikirane podjedinice hemoglobin HbA1a, HbA1b, HBA1c unutar eritrocita. HbA1c povećano se stvara npr. kod šećerne bolesti (diabetes mellitus), pa je određivanje HbA1c indeks za kontrolu glukoze u krvi kroz dulje vremensko razdoblje. Povećana količina spoja glukoze-hemoglobina može se pripisati povišenoj razini glukoze u krvi u trenutku stvaranja eritrocita, a to je u prosjeku prije 60 dana. očekivane vrijednosti u normalnim okolnostima. Očekivane vrijednosti u normalnim okolnostima su za glukozu natašte: 4,2 do 6,4 μmol/L, te za HbA1c : 4,0 do 6,2 % .

Glikirani hemoglobin A1c predstavlja klinički normativ kroz koji se procjenjuje djelotvornost terapije i rizik pojave komplikacija šećerne bolesti. Kod odraslih šećeraša, preporučuje se težiti ciljnoj vrijednosti glikiranog hemoglobina <7%. Dokazano je da snižavanje vrijednosti HbA1c na manje od 7% smanjuje pojavu mikrovaskularnih komplikacija šećerne bolesti. Postigne li se taj postotak odmah nakon postavljanja dijagnoze omogućuje se dugoročno smanjenje pojave makrovaskularnih komplikacija.

Nalaz HbA1c dobar je pokazatelj prosječne razine glukoze u posljednja tri mjeseca zato što se eritrociti nakon tri mjeseca od nastanka raspadnu te ih zamjenjuju novi, dok hemoglobin iz eritrocita glikiran prije pet ili šest mjeseci više neće postojati. Ali, nalaz može prevariti kod pretjerane sklonosti hipoglikemijama i hiperglikemijama, odnosno prosječna vrijednost GUK može biti dobra i time i nalaz HbA1c. U zbilji su tada prevelike oscilacije razine glukoze u krvi što je štetno za organizam i ne smatra se dobrim pokazateljem regulacije šećerne bolesti.

Nije rijetko slučajno otkrivanje inačica hemoglobina tijekom mjerenja HbA1c. Dvijesu publikacije izvijestile različite zaključke o točnosti određivanja vrijednosti HbA1c metodom kapilarne elektroforeze u prisutnosti hemoglobina J-Baltimore (HbJ).

Još uvijek se često rabi od struke napušteni naziv glikozilirani hemoglobin.

Izvori

Bjelančevine

Glikirani hemoglobin


Lækre til vi dør er en kortfilm instrueret af Marie Grahtø Sørensen efter manuskript af Eini Carina Grønvold, Marie Grahtø Sørensen.

Handling
Slyngveninderne Kimmi, Sally og Nancy gemmer sig på deres gymnasium efter lukketid for at feste. Kimmi er vampyr og forelsket i Sally, men hvad er »rigtig sex« og hvor går begærets grænser? Det bliver en nat med sne i gymnastiksalen, blod der løber og drømmen om at være Lækre til vi dør!

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2013

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Lækre til vi dør


Der Satellitenstartplatz Sohae ( / Sŏhae Wisŏng Palsajang, auch bekannt als Tongch'ang-dong-Raketenstartgelände 동창동 미사일 발사장, Pongdong-ri oder Tongch'ang-ri) ist ein Raketenstartplatz in Nordkorea und liegt 15 km südlich von Cholsan in der Provinz P'yŏngan-pukto etwa 50 km südlich der chinesischen Grenze.

Der Startplatz war im Ausland nur von Satellitenbildern bekannt, seit in den 1990er Jahren der Bau begonnen wurde. Erst als die nordkoreanischen Behörden im März 2012 den Start eines Satelliten ankündigten, wurde dabei auch die Existenz und der Name des neuen Startplatzes bekannt gegeben.

Bis dahin hatte man nur die Möglichkeit, von Satellitenbildern auf die Anlagen des Komplexes zu schließen. Anfang April 2012 erhielten ausländische Journalisten jedoch die Möglichkeit, das Startzentrum zu besichtigen, worauf manche bisherigen Annahmen revidiert werden mussten.

Von Sohae aus sind Starts in südlicher Richtung über das Meer möglich, ohne dass in der ersten Phase bewohnte Gebiete oder Nachbarländer überflogen werden. Ausgebrannte Raketenstufen können ins Meer fallen. Somit sind Satellitenbahnen mit hoher Bahnneigung möglich, wie sie für Erdbeobachtungssatelliten üblich sind.

Der erste Start von Sohae erfolgte am 12. April 2012 (nach Ortszeit 13. April) mit einer Rakete vom Typ Unha-3, die aber zwei Minuten nach dem Start in etwa 70 km Höhe zerbrach oder explodierte. Die Trümmer erreichten eine Gipfelhöhe von ca. 151 km und fielen ins Meer zwischen der Volksrepublik China und Südkorea. Der nächste Startversuch war erfolgreich, als am 12. Dezember 2012 der Erdbeobachtungssatellit Kwangmyongsong 3-2 in die Erdumlaufbahn gebracht wurde. In den Jahren 2014 und 2015 wurden die Starteinrichtungen erweitert. Ein weiterer Start einer Unha-3 erfolgte am 7. Februar 2016.

Siehe auch
 National Aerospace Development Administration

Einzelnachweise

Raketenstartplatz (Raumfahrt)
Raumfahrt (Nordkorea)
Nordkoreanisches Raketenprogramm
Verkehrsbauwerk in Nordkorea
P'yŏngan-pukto

Satellitenstartplatz Sohae


LL Pegasi (AFGL 3068) est une étoile variable de type Mira entourée d'une nébuleuse en forme de spirale, IRAS 23166+1655, considérée comme une protonébuleuse planétaire. C'est un système binaire qui comprend une étoile carbonée extrême. La paire est cachée par le nuage de poussière éjecté de l'étoile de carbone et n'est visible qu'en lumière infrarouge.

Variabilité
LL Pegasi n'est pas visible aux longueurs d'onde visuelles. Sa luminosité est fortement variable aux longueurs d'onde infrarouges. Elle est classée comme variable Mira et a une période d'environ 696 jours.

Nébuleuse
La nébuleuse présente une forme inhabituelle de spirale d'Archimède. On pense que la forme est engendrée par l'interaction entre le compagnon stellaire et l'étoile carbonée, comme cela a été vu dans d'autres systèmes binaires, mais pas avec une forme géométrique aussi précise. La distance entre les bras spiraux et leur taux d'expansion est cohérent avec les estimations de la période orbitale de 810 ans de la paire basée sur leur séparation angulaire apparente.

Galerie

Notes et références

Liens externes

Objet du catalogue 2MASS
Étoile variable de type Mira
Étoile de type spectral C
Constellation de Pégase
Objet du catalogue IRAS
Protonébuleuse planétaire

LL Pegasi


Le racisme anti-asiatique est une forme d'hostilité raciste envers les personnes asiatiques.

Aux États-Unis

Organisations anti-racistes américaines :
 .

En France

Organisations anti-racistes françaises :
 Association des jeunes Chinois de France ;
 Conseil représentatif des associations asiatiques de France.

Articles connexes

 Péril jaune

Racisme anti-asiatique


Ampelocissus, biljni rod iz porodice lozovki smješten u tribus Viteae, dio potporodice Vitoideae. Postoji devedesetak (92) vrsta u tropskoj i suptropskoj Africi, Aziji, Australiji, te u Meksiku i Srednjoj Americi

Vrste

 Ampelocissus abyssinica (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus acapulcensis (Kunth) Planch.
 Ampelocissus acetosa (F.Muell.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus aculeata (Span.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus africana (Lour.) Merr.
 Ampelocissus amentacea Ridl.
 Ampelocissus angolensis (Baker) Planch.
 Ampelocissus arachnoidea (Hassk.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus araneosa (Dalzell) Gamble
 Ampelocissus artemisiifolia Planch.
 Ampelocissus ascendiflora Latiff
 Ampelocissus asekii J.Wen, Kiapranis & Lovave
 Ampelocissus banaensis Gagnep.
 Ampelocissus barbata (Wall.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus birii P.Singh & B.V.Shetty
 Ampelocissus bombycina (Baker) Planch.
 Ampelocissus borneensis Merr.
 Ampelocissus botryostachys Planch.
 Ampelocissus butoensis C.L.Li
 Ampelocissus capillaris (Ridl.) Merr.
 Ampelocissus cardiospermoides Planch.
 Ampelocissus celebica Suess.
 Ampelocissus changensis Craib
 Ampelocissus cinnamomea (Wall.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus complanata Latiff
 Ampelocissus concinna (Baker) Planch.
 Ampelocissus debilis Ridl.
 Ampelocissus dekindtiana Gilg
 Ampelocissus dichrothrix (Miq.) Suess.
 Ampelocissus dissecta (Baker) Planch.
 Ampelocissus divaricata (Wall. ex M.A.Lawson) Planch.
 Ampelocissus dolichobotrys Quisumb. & Merr.
 Ampelocissus edulis (De Wild.) Gilg & M.Brandt
 Ampelocissus elegans Gagnep.
 Ampelocissus elephantina Planch.
 Ampelocissus erdvendbergiana Planch.
 Ampelocissus filipes Planch.
 Ampelocissus floccosa (Ridl.) Galet
 Ampelocissus frutescens Jackes
 Ampelocissus gardineri (F.M.Bailey) Jackes
 Ampelocissus gracilipes Stapf
 Ampelocissus gracilis (Wall.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus harmandii Planch.
 Ampelocissus helferi (M.A.Lawson) Planch.
 Ampelocissus hoabinhensis C.L.Li
 Ampelocissus humulifolia Gagnep.
 Ampelocissus imperialis (Miq.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus indica (L.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus iomalla Gilg & M.Brandt
 Ampelocissus javalensis (Seem.) W.D.Stevens & A.Pool
 Ampelocissus korthalsii Planch.
 Ampelocissus latifolia (Roxb.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus leonensis (Hook.f.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus leptotricha Diels
 Ampelocissus lowii (Hook.f.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus macrocirrha Gilg & M.Brandt
 Ampelocissus madulidii Latiff
 Ampelocissus martini Planch.
 Ampelocissus mesoamericana Lombardi
 Ampelocissus mottleyi (Hook.f.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus muelleriana Planch.
 Ampelocissus multifoliola Merr.
 Ampelocissus multiloba Gilg & M.Brandt
 Ampelocissus multistriata (Baker) Planch.
 Ampelocissus nitida (M.A.Lawson) Planch.
 Ampelocissus obtusata (Welw. ex Baker) Planch.
 Ampelocissus ochracea (Teijsm. & Binn.) Merr.
 Ampelocissus pauciflora Merr.
 Ampelocissus pedicellata Merr.
 Ampelocissus phoenicantha Alston
 Ampelocissus poggei Gilg & M.Brandt
 Ampelocissus polystachya (Wall. ex M.A.Lawson) Planch.
 Ampelocissus polythyrsa (Miq.) Gagnep.
 Ampelocissus pterisanthella (Ridl.) Merr.
 Ampelocissus racemifera (Jack) Planch.
 Ampelocissus robinsonii Planch.
 Ampelocissus rubiginosa Lauterb.
 Ampelocissus rubriflora Gagnep.
 Ampelocissus rugosa (Wall.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus sapinii (De Wild.) Gilg & M.Brandt
 Ampelocissus sarcocephala (Schweinf. ex Oliv.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus schimperiana (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus sikkimensis (M.A.Lawson) Planch.
 Ampelocissus spicifer (Griff.) Planch.
 Ampelocissus tenuis Merr.
 Ampelocissus thyrsiflora (Blume) Planch.
 Ampelocissus tomentosa (Roth) Planch.
 Ampelocissus trichoclada Quisumb. & Merr.
 Ampelocissus verschuerenii De Wild.
 Ampelocissus wightiana B.V.Shetty & Par.Singh
 Ampelocissus winkleri Lauterb.
 Ampelocissus xizangensis C.L.Li

Sinonimi
 Botria Lour.
 Nothocissus (Miq.) Latiff
 Pareira Lour. ex Gomes Mach.

Izvori

Lozolike
Flora Laosa

Ampelocissus


Massenhausen ist ein Ortsteil von Straufhain im Landkreis Hildburghausen in Thüringen.

Lage
Massenhausen liegt östlich von Eishausen direkt an der Grenze zu Bayern. Eine Ortsverbindungsstraße von Eishausen verbindet den Weiler verkehrsmäßig. Die Südlage der Vorgebirgslandschaft bedingt eine klimatisch verbesserte Lage. Die Gemarkung des Weilers ist stark kupiert.

Geschichte
Am 18. März 1195 wurde der Ort als "Massenhusin" erstmals indirekt durch das gleichnamige Rittergeschlecht in einer Urkunde erwähnt. Bis 1317 war das Dorf Stammsitz der Herren von Massenhausen. Die Besitzer des Rittergutes wechselten in folgenden Jahrhunderten öfters. Aus dem Gut ging in den 1920er ein Gestüt hervor, dessen letzten Eigentümer, die Familie Butler, 1945 enteignet wurde.

Nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges war die Landesgrenze zu Bayern eine Grenze der sowjetischen Besatzungszone und wurde 1946 geschlossen. Ab 1952 begann die DDR damit, die innerdeutsche Grenze mit Sperranlagen zu versehen, um die Flucht ihrer Bürger in die Bundesrepublik zu verhindern. Massenhausen lag fortan im sogenannten Schutzstreifen der DDR-Grenze und durfte von Bundesbürgern bis 1989 gar nicht und durch DDR-Bürger von außerhalb des Sperrgebietes nur noch mit besonderer Genehmigung betreten werden. Unter anderem wurden die Gebäude des Gestüts in den 1980er Jahren im Rahmen von Grenzsicherungsmaßnahmen gesprengt.

Im Jahr 1949 hatte Massenhausen 103 Einwohner, 1989 waren nur noch 12. Im Jahr 2020 lebten 31 Personen in dem Ort.

Literatur

 Paul Lehfeldt, Georg Voß: Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler Thüringens, Herzogthum Sachsen-Meiningen, II. Band, Kreis Hildburghausen. Verlag Gustav Fischer, Jena 1904, S. 79.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 https://www.facebook.com/TourismusvereinHeldburgerLandeV

Ort im Landkreis Hildburghausen
Geographie (Straufhain)
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Hildburghausen)
Ersterwähnung 1195
Gemeindeauflösung 1993

Massenhausen (Straufhain)


Mustafa Kamil Zorti (kısaca MKZ de denir), Şükrü Yavuz'un eski Cumhurbaşkanı Kenan Evren'i eleştiren yazılarda kullandığı takma isimdir.

Yazar, Kenan Evren'nin Cumhurbaşkanlığı döneminde Limon dergisi'nde bu takma isimle yazılar yazmış; daha sonra bu yazıları Netekim adlı bir kitapta toplamıştır. Kitap Papirüs Yayınevi tarafından basılmış olup döneme ait eleştirileri komik bir dille ifade etmektedir. Kısa sürede popüler kitaplar arasına girmiştir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Akşam Gazetesi

Türk yazarlar
Resim aranan yazarlar

Mustafa Kamil Zorti


Die Todesursachenstatistik ist eine weltweit erhobene amtliche Statistik über die Ursachen aller Todesfälle. Sie wird nach den Empfehlungen der Weltgesundheitsorganisation durchgeführt. In der Statistik werden die Grundkrankheiten oder Grundursachen wie Unfälle, aber nicht die Folgekrankheiten, Komplikationen oder die unmittelbar den Tod auslösenden Krankheiten gezählt.

Grundlage der Statistik ist die vollständige Auswertung der ärztlichen Todesbescheinigungen und der dort angegebenen Todesursachen. Sie dient der Beschreibung der Gesundheit der Bevölkerung sowie der Erforschung der Ursachen vorzeitiger Todesfälle und erlaubt Schlüsse zur Verbesserung von präventiven und kurativen Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Lebenserwartung und -qualität. Die Todesursachenstatistik hat also eine wichtige Lenkungsfunktion für die medizinische Forschung.

Rechtliche Grundlagen und Organisation in einzelnen Ländern

Deutschland
Rechtliche Grundlage der Todesursachenstatistik ist das Gesetz über die Statistik der Bevölkerungsbewegung und die Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes (Bevölkerungsstatistikgesetz – BevStatG). Die Todesursachen werden in den Ländern meist von den Gesundheitsämtern erhoben, vom Statistischen Bundesamt zusammengetragen und veröffentlicht. Die Todesursachenstatistik wird in Deutschland seit 1905 erhoben, erste Aufzeichnungen stammen aus dem Jahr 1877.

2020 wurde am Universitätsklinikum Aachen das Deutsche Register für COVID-19-Autopsien (DeRegCOVID) aufgebaut, das dabei mit dem Institut für Medizinische Informatik und dem Center for Translational & Clinical Research (CTC-A) kooperiert.

Schweiz
Basierend auf dem Zivilgesetzbuch (ZGB), der Zivilstandsverordnung, dem Bundesstatistikgesetz (BStatG) und der Erhebungsverordnung erfasst das Bundesamt für Statistik die Todesursachen bei den Ärzten. Die Statistik wird seit 1876 geführt. Die ältesten städtischen, regionalen oder kantonalen Aufzeichnungen reichen bis 1790 zurück.

Österreich
In Österreich wird die Todesursachenstatistik von Statistik Austria erhoben und veröffentlicht.

Europäische Union
Eurostat trägt die nationalen Statistiken zusammen und veröffentlicht die Ergebnisse auf seiner Webseite.

Weblinks
 WHO: Mortality and Global Health Estimates
 Health for all database
 Informationen zur Todesursachenstatistik auf der Seite der Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes
Todesursachen in Deutschland bei destatis
 Todesursachen in der Schweiz und Analysen
 Todesursachen bei Statistik Austria

Einzelnachweise

Epidemiologie
Amtliche Statistik

Todesursachenstatistik


Krunoslav Kosta Bralić (Polje (Travnik, BiH), 30. srpnja 1863. — Rim, 27. studenoga 1901.), hrvatski vjerski pisac iz BiH, franjevački visoki dužnosnik.

Životopis
Rodio se u Polju kod Travnika, a osnovnu završio u Docu kod Travnika. U Gučoj Gori završio je srednju školu. U istom je mjestu stupio u franjevce 1877. i učio filozofiju. U Pesci i Assisiju je učio bogosloviju u Pesci i Assisiju. Položio je ispite iz filozofije i teologije te je postao generalni lektor (predavač s najvišom kvalifikacijom). U Assisiju, Petrićevcu i Livnu predavao je teologiju, a nakon 1893. je u Rimu isto predavao međunarodnomu franjevačkom učilištu Antonianum (1893. – 1901.). U međuvremenu je od 1897. generalni definitor Franjevačkog reda. Godine 1898. odlikovan je počasnim naslovom lektora jubilata. Pisao za listove: Glasnik jugoslavenskih franjevaca, Franjevački glasnik, La Palestra del Clero te ostalim listovima i političkim dnevnicima. U zasebno objavljenim knjigama bavio se međuodnosom kršćanskih crkava (Skromni nazori o sjedinjenju crkava Rimo-katoličke i Grko-iztočne) i tzv. redovničkim pravom (Jurisprudentia canonico-regularis) i užasnom položaju kršćana pod turskom vlašću odnosno muslimanskim okrutnostima (Monografia storica sulle crudelta mussulmane in Bosnia-Erzegovina). U djelu o sjedinjenju Crkava raščlanjujući prošle i tekuće situacije katoličanstva i pravoslavlja, nije se bavio malim dogmatskim razlikama, nego je vidio teškoće sjedinjenja u mentalitetu Istoka i Zapada u povijesnom i šire društvenom kontekstu videći. Shizmu niječe, i mišljenja je da su dva ista oblika i jedinstvo je moguće u bitnim stvarima, a da bi se jedinstvo postiglo, mora se odbaciti metodu prisjedinjenja i pristupiti jedinstvu sa znanstvenom i moralnom odgovornošću.

Izvori

Bosanskohercegovački franjevci

Krunoslav Kosta Bralić


Onthophagus poeophagus é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Kabakov em 1979.

Referências

Ligações externas

poeophagus
Coleópteros descritos em 1979

Onthophagus poeophagus


A galactoside is a glycoside containing galactose. The H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by an organic moiety.

Depending on whether the glycosidic bond lies "above" or "below" the plane of the galactose molecule, galactosides are classified as α-galactosides or β-galactosides.

A β-galactoside is a type of galactoside in which the glycosidic bond lies above the plane of the galactose residue.  The most commonly recognized and used β-galactoside in biochemistry is lactose.  However, other chemicals, such as ONPG, are known, but these are typically synthesized for biochemical assays.

Galactosides play significant roles in metabolic processes of many organisms and are hydrolyzed by a class of enzymes called galactosidases and are classified according to what type of glycosidic linkage on the galactoside they will break. For example, enzymes that hydrolyze the β-galactoside glycosidic bond are called β-galactosidases, while those that hydrolyze the α-galactoside glycosidic bond are known as α-galactosidases.

References

Galactoside


Franjo Marija od Križa Jordan (njem. Franziskus Maria vom Kreuze Jordan, rodnim imenom Johann Baptist Jordan; Gurtweil, Baden-Württemberg, 16. lipnja 1848. – Tafers, 8. rujna 1918.), rimokatolički svećenik, osnivač Družbe božanskog Spasitelja (lat. Societas Divini Salvatoris, tzv. salvatorijanaca) i Družbe sestara božanskog Spasitelja te blaženik Katoličke Crkve.

Životopis
Franjo Marija od Križa Jordan rođen je u Gurtweilu u okrugu Waldshut na granici između Njemačke i Švicarske. Zaređen je za svećenika 1878. te je otišao u Rim na studije orijentalnih jezika. Pastoralno je djelovao po Bliskom istoku, a nakon povratka u Rim osnovao je zajednicu redovnika i laika.

Kardinal Angelo De Donatis, generalni vikar rimske biskupije, proglasio ga je blaženim 15. svibnja 2021. u bazilici sv. Ivana Lateranskog.

Čudo
Mladi brazilski bračni par, koji je 2014. godine u Jundiaiu očekivao prinovu u obitelji, nekoliko je liječnika i stručnjaka obavijestilo da će njihovo dijete bolovati od neizlječive bolesti kostiju (koštane displazije). Kao članovi skupine laičkih salvatorijanaca, roditelji su tada počeli moliti za zagovor i pomoć časnoga Božjega sluge Franje Jordana te su pozvali i ostale članove salvatorijanske zajednice da im se u molitvama pridruže. Dana 8. rujna 2014., na godišnjicu smrti oca Franje Jordana, rodilo im se potpuno zdravo dijete. Nakon uspješno završenih potrebnih kanonskih postupaka, papa Franjo je to čudesno ozdravljenje proglasio Božjim djelom po zagovoru oca Franje Jordana.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Sestrinski projekti

Mrežna mjesta
Laudato.hr – Postani velik pred Bogom
 Pater Franziskus Jordan
 Joachim Schäfer: Franziskus Maria vom Kreuz Jordan, u: Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon

Njemački katolički svećenici
Njemački blaženici
Njemački katolički redovnici

Franjo Marija od Križa Jordan


Uliana Veaceslavovna Donskova (în ) (n. 24 august 1992, Kamensk-Șahtinski, Rusia) este o sportivă care a reprezentat Rusia la competiții de gimnastică ritmică. A fost câștigătoarea Jocurilor Olimpice din 2012 la individual compus, în 2011 câștigătoarea medaliei de argint la Campionatul Mondial de Gimnastică Ritmică, în 2010 câștigătoarea medaliei de bronz la Campionatul Mondial de Gimnastică Ritmică, în 2012 câștigătoarea medaliei de aur la Campionatul European de Gimnastică Ritmică și în 2010 câștigătoarea medaliei de aur la Campionatul European de Gimnastică Ritmică.

Cariera

Donskova a început să facă gimnastică la vârsta de cinci ani. Și-a început activitatea prin competițiile echipei Rusiei în 2008. A participat la primul ei Campionat Mondial pe data de 12 august 2009, în Japonia, în Mie. Acolo, împreună cu un alt grup sportiv rus, a primit medalia de aur și două medalii de bronz. A reprezentat din nou echipa Rusiei la Campionatul European de la Bremen, dar și în 2010 și 2011 la Campionatele Mondiale.

A câștigat medalia de aur la jocurile Olimpice de Vară din 2012 la categoria gimnastică ritmică la individual compus, împreună cu alți membri ai echipei (Ksenia Dudkina, Anastasia Blizniuk, Alina Makarenko, Anastasia Nazarenko, Karolina Sevastianova).

A fost a 4-a victorie consecutivă, în echipă, a Rusiei în cadrul  Olimpice de Vară din 2000. Donskova a afirmat că: "nu aveam nici cea mai mică idee că am participat de patru ori la rând." Atunci când i s-a cerut să explice secretul succesului Rusiei la gimnastica ritmică, ea a adăugat: "Ne-am născut ca gimnaste ritmice." Timp de șase luni, până la Jocurile Olimpice, gimnastele ruse au mâncat doar hrișcă. Donskova s-a retras din competiții și gimnastică, după Jocurile Olimpice din 2012.

Pe 25 iunie 2014, Donskova s-a căsătorit cu fostul jucător de hochei pe gheață al echipei ȚSKA Moscova, Ruben Begunts. Cei doi au avut primul lor copil, care s-a născut în august 2015.

Biografie
Donskova este studentă la Universitatea Națională de Stat de Cultură, Fizică, Sport și Sănătate, Lesgaft, Saint Petersburg, Rusia.

Rezultate la Jocurile olimpice

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1992
Gimnaști la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2012
Oameni în viață
Medaliați la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2012
Medaliați olimpici cu aur ruși

Uliana Donskova


Afşar, Antalya ilinin Elmalı ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin adı 24 Oğuz boyundan biri olan Avşarlardan gelmektedir.

Coğrafya
Antalya iline 146 km, Elmalı ilçesine 36 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus
Afşar mahallesinin Nüfusu Toplam 275'tir (2020 sayısı). Bu nüfusun 147'si erkek, 128'si kadındır.

Kaynakça

 https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Genel Mahalle Listesi, T.C.İçişleri Bakanlığı, Mart 2020.

Dış bağlantılar

Elmalı'nın mahalleleri

Afşar, Elmalı


Savuka fue un grupo musical sudafricano formado por Johnny Clegg en 1986, después de separarse de su primer grupo llamado Juluka en 1985; el percusionista y bailarín Dudu Zulu en tanto, fue asesinado durante el Apartheid en 1992. Algunos de sus sencillos más conocidos son "Asimbonanga", "Third World Child", "The Crossing", "Dela", y "Cruel Crazy Beautiful World"; cabe indicar que respecto a The Crossing (del álbum Heat, Dust and Dreams), éste fue dedicado a Dudu.

Discografía seleccionada

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Discografía de Johnny Clegg & Savuka

Artistas de Capitol Records
Grupos de música de Sudáfrica
Grupos de rock de Sudáfrica
Grupos de pop rock de Sudáfrica
Grupos de world music
Grupos de música de los años 1980
Grupos de música de los años 1990
Grupos de música formados en 1985
Grupos de música formados en los años 1980
Intérpretes número uno de Los 40 Principales de España

Savuka


Unter dem Namen Squeezebox wurden bis 2012 eine Reihe von Netzwerk-Musikplayern der Firma Logitech vertrieben. Ursprünglich entwickelt wurden die Player bei der Firma SlimDevices, welche dann durch Logitech übernommen wurde.
Ab der Version 3 können unter anderem auch eine Reihe von populären Musikdienstleistern wie Pandora, Slacker (Musikdienst), Napster, SomaFM, Mediafly, Live365, Rhapsody, Last.fm, Spotify, Deezer und Sirius genutzt werden.
Sowohl die Serversoftware als auch große Teile der Firmware der Player sind unter Open-Source-Lizenz veröffentlicht und können vom Nutzer entsprechend erweitert werden.
Auch gibt es reine Software-Player, die auf Computern oder mobilen Endgeräten (Telefon oder Touchpad) Musik abspielen können.

Es bestehen zwei verschiedene Betriebsmodi der Box:
 In Verbindung mit einem von Logitech bereitgestellten Internetserver ohne einen im eigenen Netzwerk betriebenen Server
 In Verbindung mit einem im Netzwerk auf einem PC oder NAS installierten Logitech Media Server

Squeezebox Versionen

SliMP3 (2001)
Die erste Generation der Squeezebox benötigt einen Logitech Media Server zum Betrieb. Es wird nur das MP3-Format unterstützt. Andere Formate werden zur Laufzeit auf dem Logitech Media Server in MP3 konvertiert und an den Player übertragen. Die Netzwerkanbindung erfolgt via fester Ethernet-Verbindung.

Squeezebox (November 2003)
Die zweite Generation des Players, auch SB1 genannt, benutzt das gleiche Display wie der SliMP3, wurde jedoch um einige Fähigkeiten erweitert:
 Wiedergabe unkomprimierter PCM-/WAV-/AIFF-Streams
 802.11b WLAN
 Kopfhörerausgang
 Digitale SPDIF-, Cinch- und TOSLINK-Ausgänge
Er benötigt wie auch der SliMP3 einen eigenen Logitech Media Server zum Betrieb.

Squeezebox2 (April 2005)
Die dritte Generation der Squeezebox unterstützt nun auch FLAC, WMA, Ogg hat ein erweitertes 320 × 32-Pixel-Display und 802.11g-WLAN-Unterstützung.

Squeezebox Classic (SB3) (November 2005)
Die SB3 ist der Squeezebox2 hardwareseitig sehr ähnlich. Ist aber in einem moderneren Gehäuse untergebracht und kommt mit einer neuen Fernbedienung.

Transporter (September 2006)
Der Transporter ist ein auf Audiophile abgestimmtes Modell im 19"-Rackgehäuse. Im Vergleich zur Squeezebox Classic werden auch Sampleraten bis 96 kHz unterstützt, es kommt ein zweites erweitertes Display zum Einsatz und die Bedienung kann auch über ein Drehrad in der Mitte der Front (Transnav) erfolgen. Die Audiofähigkeiten wurden außerdem durch den Einsatz hochwertiger DA-Wandler aufgewertet. Für den professionellen Betrieb weist das Modell außerdem entsprechende AES/EBU- und XLR-Anschlüsse auf.

Transporter SE
Der Transporter SE ist eine abgewandelte Version des Transporters ohne großes Bediendrehrad in der Mitte der Front. Die sonstigen Daten entsprechen dem Transporter.

Squeezebox Duet (Januar 2008)
Die Squeezebox Duet führt ein neues Bedienkonzept mit einer abgesetzten intelligenten Fernbedienung ein – den Squeezebox Controller. Die Squeezebox selber, in dem Fall der Squeezebox Receiver, besitzt kein eigenes Display.

Über den Squeezebox Controller war ein komfortables Navigieren durch die Musiksammlung möglich. Auch besaß er eigene Wiedergabemöglichkeiten mit einem integrierten Kopfhöreranschluss. Der Squeezebox Receiver stellte als eigenständiges Gerät den Anschluss zur Stereoanlage sicher. Er kann auch alleine betrieben werden und etwa über den Logitech Media Server gesteuert werden.

Inzwischen ist der Squeezebox Controller durch die Einführung von Smartphoneapps, die dessen Aufgabe übernehmen können, obsolet und die Produktion der Duet wurde eingestellt.

Squeezebox Boom (August 2008)
Die Squeezebox Boom erweitert die Squeezeboxreihe um ein mit eigenen Stereolautsprechern bestücktes Modell. Es beinhaltet einen DSP und einen hochwertigen digitalen Verstärker.

Squeezebox Radio (September 2009)
Das Squeezebox Radio entspricht der Mono-Konfiguration der Squeezebox Boom mit einem kleinen 2,4"-Farbdisplay. Für das Squeezebox Radio ist ein Zubehörkit erhältlich, welches eine Fernbedienung und einen Akkupack enthält, mit dem es auch ohne Netzanschluss betrieben werden kann. Das nachfolgende Gerät wurde mit geänderter Firmware und integriertem Akkupack 2012 unter dem Namen UE Smart Radio vorgestellt.

Squeezebox Touch (April 2010)
Die Squeezebox Touch ist der funktionelle Nachfolger der Squeezebox 3.
Erweiterte Fähigkeiten gegenüber der Squeezebox 3 sind unter anderem:
 4,3"-Farb-Touchscreen
 Möglichkeit des Abspielens direkt von einer Speicherkarte oder USB-Festplatte. Die Squeezebox Touch fungiert damit als eigener Server
 Unterstützung von Audio-Sampleraten bis 96 kHz

Squeezebox Software Player

SoftSqueeze
SoftSqueeze ist ein Software-Player, der in Java programmiert wurde und damit auf jedem Rechner läuft. Somit ist dieser Player eine Ergänzung zu den Hardware-Playern.

SqueezePlay
SqueezePlay ist die Desktop-Version der Squeezebox-Controller-Software. Es liefert den Audio-Player mit ähnlichem Look & Feel wie das Squeezebox User Interface. SqueezePlay läuft auf Mac, Windows and Linux. Es ist der Nachfolger von SoftSqueeze und basiert auf der SqueezeOS-Software-Plattform.

SqueezePlayer (Android)
SqueezePlayer ist ein Squeezebox-Software-Player für das Android-Betriebssystem.

Squeezecast (iOS)
Squeezecast ist ein Squeezebox-Software-Player für das Apple-iOS-Betriebssystem.

Kritik / Weiterentwicklung
Die Squeezebox-Reihe wird vielfach wegen ihrer fehlenden nativen UPNP/DLNA-Unterstützung kritisiert (ein laufender Logitech Media Server im Netzwerk kann diese jedoch über den Umweg des Servers bereitstellen). Besonders positiv fallen dagegen die Squeezeboxen aufgrund ihrer guten Audioqualität und des quelloffenen Systems, welches durch zahlreiche Software-Plugins erweitert werden kann, auf. Nach der Produktionseinstellung der Original Squeezebox-Hardware wird die Software durch eine aktive Community weiterhin gepflegt und ist für Microsoft Windows, Debian und Mac OS X, sowie für den Raspberry Pi und verschiedene NAS-Hardware kostenlos verfügbar. Während im Zuge der Aufgabe der Firmwareentwicklung durch Logitech mehrere Jahre lang keine Fortentwicklung der Firmware erfolgt war hat die Fortentwicklung der Firmware zwischenzeitlich die Community übernommen und seit Dezember 2020 werden in regelmäßigen Abständen Firmware-Updates für den Squeezebox Controller, das Squeezebox Radio und die Squeezebox Touch veröffentlicht. Die fehlende Verfügbarkeit neuer Original-Hardware wird durch Software-Player kompensiert, verbreitet ist insbesondere die Nutzung eines Raspberry Pi als Squeezebox-Client. Daneben gibt es seit 2021 auch wieder eine Produktion von Squeezebox kompatibler Hardware auf Basis von ESP32-Controllerboards.

Hardwarevergleich

Weblinks
 Squeezebox-Wiki
 mysqueezebox.com (auch SqueezeNetwork.com) service

Einzelnachweise

Internetradio
Streaming
Audio-Wiedergabegerät

Squeezebox


Húsadalur er en dal i bygden Sørvágur på øen Vágar i Færøerne. Navnet kan oversættes til husdalen. I dag findes der ingen huse i dalen, men navnet antyder, at det har boet folk. Elven Kirkjuá flyder igennem Húsadalur.

Der findes en dam i Húsadalur, som forsyner Sørvágs kommuna med drikkevand.

Dale på Færøerne
Vágar

Húsadalur (Færøerne)


Fehmarn Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Ostholstein iline bağlı kent. 185,45 km² yüzölçüme sahiptir. Nüfusu 4 Ocak 2006 itibarıyla yaklaşık 13036 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Otto-Uwe Schmiedt tarafından yürütülmektedir. Limanı ve yeldeğirmenleri ile ünlüdür.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.stadtfehmarn.de

Ayrıca bakınız
 Baltık Denizi'ndeki adaların listesi

Ostholstein iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri
Schleswig-Holstein'deki kasabalar

Fehmarn


Platon (n. Platon Antoniou; ) este un fotograf britanic care a fotografiat numeroși președinți și personalități de renume mondial. Fotografia făcută lui Vladimir Putin a fost pe coperta revistei Time în 2007.

Născut la Londra în 1968, a fost crescut în Grecia de către mama sa engleză și tatăl grec. A urmat Școala de Artă din Saint Martin și Colegiul Regal de Artă, unde unul dintre profesorii și mentorii săi a fost John Hinde (fotograf).
După ce a lucrat timp de câțiva ani la British Vogue, Platon a fost invitat la New York să lucreze pentru regretatul John Kennedy Jr. și revista sa politică "George".

Imprimând portrete pentru o serie de publicații internaționale, inclusiv Rolling Stone, revista New York Times, Vanity Fair, Esquire, GQ și revista Sunday Times. Platon a dezvoltat o relație specială cu revista Time, producând peste 20 de coperte pentru ei. În 2007, realzează fotografia (la acel moment) premierului rus Vladimir Putin ce a fost desemnat ca omul anului de către revista Time. Această imagine a fost premiată la Premiul World Press Photo.

În 2008, el a semnat un contract de termen lung cu New Yorker. În calitate de fotograf al publicației, a realizat câteva eseuri fotografice pe scară largă, dintre care două au câștigat premiile ASME în 2009 și 2010. Portofoliul New Yorker al lui Platon sa concentrat pe teme precum Militarii din SUA, portretele liderilor mondiali și Mișcarea drepturilor civile.

În 2009, Platon a colaborat cu Human Rights Watch pentru ai ajuta săi susțină pe cei care luptă pentru egalitate și dreptate în țările suprimate de forțele politice. Aceste proiecte au subliniat apărătorii drepturilor omului din Birmania, precum și liderii revoluției egiptene. În urma acoperirii sale cu Birmania, Platon la fotografiato pe Aung San Suu Kyi pentru coperta "Time" câteva zile după eliberarea ei din arest la domiciliu. În 2011, Platon a fost onorat cu premiul Peabody pentru colaborarea cu revista New Yorker și Human Rights Watch pe tema "Societatea Civilă a Rusiei"

Platon a publicat patru cărți cu lucrările sale:

 REPUBLICA PLATONĂ [Phaidon Press, 2004], o retrospectivă a lucrării sale timpurii;
 POWER [Chronicle, 2011], sute de portrete ale celor mai puternici lideri ai lumii;
 CHINA: PRIN STICLA LUMII, [Muzeul Metropolitan de Art.ă, 2015],
 SERVICE [Prestel, 2016], dedicat bărbaților și femeilor din Forțele Armate a Statelor Unite, rănilor lor fizice și psihologice , valorilor extraordinare și emoțiilor aprinse care îi înconjoară față de cei pe care îi slujesc.

Activitatea lui Platon a fost expusă într-o mulțime de galerii și muzee, atât în țară, cât și în străinătate. A expus la New York la Galeria Matthew Marks și la galeria Howard Greenberg, precum și la nivel internațional la Colette Gallery din Paris, Franța. Societatea Istorică din New York a expus un spectacol solo al fotografiilor de drepturi civile ale lui Platon, care rămân ca parte a colecției permanente a muzeului. Fotografiile lui Platon de asemenea au devenit parte a expozițiilor permanente în Muzeul de artă fotografică din Florida, Muzeul de artă fotografică din Tampa și Muzeul de fotografie Westlicht din Viena, Austria și Scoția National Portrait Gallery din Edinburgh.

În 2013, Platon a înființat o fundație non-profit numită Portofoliul Poporului. Fundația aspiră să creeze un limbaj vizual care să rupă barierele, să extindă demnitatea, să lupte împotriva discriminării și să îndemne publicul să susțină drepturile omului în întreaga lume. El activează drept Director Creativ la "Large" (Centrul pentru Drepturile Civile și Drepturile Omului din Atlanta).

Platon este în prezent membru în Consiliul de Arte și Cultură la Forumul Economic Mondial și servește drept steward pentru Inițiativa de Creștere Economică și Incluziune Socială.

Note

Nașteri în 1968
Fotografi englezi
Fotografi greci
Oameni în viață

Platon (fotograf)


Hans Hansen (født 4. januar 1939 på Frederiksberg) er en dansk forfatter.

Han voksede op på Frederiksberg og tog lærereksamen ved Marselisborg Seminarium i Aarhus i 1963.

Han debuterede med en novellesamling, men han huskes især for sine efterfølgende børne- og ungdomsudgivelser. Især ungdomsromanen Vil du se min smukke navle? fik stor succes. Han har sidenhen været manuskriptforfatter på en lang række film og tv-produktioner.

Ud over sit formandskab hos Dansk Forfatterforening (fra 1985 til 1988) har han også været formand for Dansk Kunstnerråd samt i en kort periode for Selskabet for Børnelitteratur. Fra 1988 til 1997 var han ansat som filmkonsulent ved Det Danske Filminstitut, og siden 1997 har Hansen virket som producer for filmselskabet Zentropa.

Hans Hansen er aktiv i Alternativet, hvor han er bestyrelsesmedlem i Lokalforening Halsnæs. Ved kommunalvalget i 2017 var han opstillet til byrådet i Halsnæs Kommune, men blev ikke valgt ind.

Kilder
 Biografi på Litteratursiden.dk

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dansksprogede forfattere fra Danmark
Personer fra Frederiksberg
Lærere fra Danmark
Politikere fra Alternativet
Danskere i 1900-tallet
Danskere i 2000-tallet
Foreningsformænd fra Danmark
Børnebogsforfattere fra Danmark
Romanforfattere fra Danmark
Mandlige forfattere i det 20. århundrede

Hans Hansen (dansk forfatter)


Mirina (en griego antiguo Μυρίνα) es una antigua ciudad griega de Misia, situada en la costa occidental de la actual Turquía, a 37 km al suroeste de Pérgamo.

Geografía
Mirina era una ciudad de los eolios situada a orillas del Golfo Elaítico, a unos 40 estadios al suroeste de Grinio. Se cree que su emplazamiento fue ocupado por la moderna ciudad de Sandarlik en la desembocadura del Koca Çay.

Se desarrolló al norte del antiguo estuario del río llamado Píticos en la antigüedad (actual Güzelhisa). La ciudad ocupaba la llanura de Kalabassary (actual Karadut), encaramada en las pendientes de tres colinas. Las dos primeras están sitas al noroeste, la Kato-Tepe (actual Oteki-Tepe) y la Epano-Tepe (actual Berki-Tepe). La tercera se encuentra al sur y se llama monte Divlit.

Disfrutaba de una situación privilegiada, puesto que se encontraba a una treintena de kilómetros de Esmirna y de Pérgamo. Además, estaba muy cerca de las polis de Cime, Egas y Grinio.

Mirina estaba bien comunicada con sus vecinos más próximos y también estaba en contacto con el resto de Asia Menor mediante unos sistemas de comunicaciones que se sucedieron en la Antigüedad. Hubo, antes de la dominación romana, un camino interior que la unía a la vía que conducía de Éfeso a Focea. Roma estableció a partir de 129 a. C. una red viaria. Mirina se halló entonces en una vía que partía de Éfeso y terminaba en Císico, pasando por las ciudades de Esmirna y de Pérgamo.

Los límites territoriales de Mirina son difíciles de determinar. Se han hallado mojones que marcaban las fronteras de la ciudad y que datan del fin del periodo helenístico.

En fin, en lo que concierne a la ciudad propiamente dicha, quedan pocos restos. Los únicos elementos visibles son un trozo de muro bizantina (o de época romana tardía) en la colina de Epano-Tepe, un malecón y restos de muelles. También hay grandes losas de granito dispuestas en forma de abanico en la playa. Al oeste de Epano-Tepe se ha encontrado una cisterna probablemente del siglo III a. C. y restos de muros, cuyos cimientos se remontan a época romana o bizantina. G.E. Bean interpreta la depresión que forma la vertiente occidental de Epano-Tepe como el emplazamiento del teatro. Dominique Kassab no confirma esta hipótesis, pero sostiene igualmente que la ciudad había tenido un teatro.

Pottier y Reinach describieron una colina que se asemejaba a una acrópolis, con restos de antiguas fortificaciones, y una muralla de mampostería poligonal de calidad variable.

El vestigio más importante es la necrópolis situada en la laderas de Epano-Tepe y del monte Divlit.

La polis
Μύρινα, ἡ figura como el topónimo en Heródoto y Jenofonte. El gentilicio según las inscripciones era Μυριναΐος/Mirianios. Como polis en el sentido urbano se refieren a ella Pseudo-Escílax, en el , y Heródoto, en el , en un pasaje, con probable connotación territorial, y en el sentido político en otro pasaje el historiador de Halicarnaso. Jenofonte lo usa en ambos sentidos en Helénicas.

Historia

La mitología griega atribuye su fundación a Mirino, antes de que fueran fundadas las otras ciudades eolias. Otra leyenda relata que Mirina, reina de las amazonas la fundó y le dio su nombre. Para Heródoto y Veleyo Patérculo los fundadores fueron eolios llegados de Beocia y de Tesalia, quienes habrían colonizado la costa occidental de Asia Menor y fundado doce ciudades entre las que se encontraba Mirina. Eusebio de Cesarea recoge una tradición que remonta dicha fundación al año 1046 a. C.

Según Plinio el Viejo era apodada Sebastópolis.

Estuvo bajo el dominio de Creso, rey de Lidia, después del de Ciro II, Gran Rey aqueménida.

Jenofonte relata que durante la guerra fratricida entre Ciro el Joven y Artajerjes II, este último entregó Mirina a Góngilo, un eretrio que había sido desterrado de su ciudad nativa por favorecer los intereses del Imperio aqueménida.

Perteneció a la Liga de Delos, a la que tributaba anualmente un talento  (Esmirna aportaba doce). Está atestiguado que en 425/424 a. C. pagaba este phoros (impuesto).

La ciudad acuñó monedas de plata en el siglo IV a. C., y de bronce en el IV y III a. C.

En 218 a. C., Atalo I conquistó Eólida y Mirina pasó a pertenecer al Reino de Pérgamo. Las relaciones que mantuvieron Pérgamo y Mirina fueron importantes; se puede citar por ejemplo el hecho de que Eumenes II eligiera a un mirineo para anunciar al mundo griego la primera celebración de las Nikeforias trienales de 181 a. C. Por otra parte, Pérgamo alcanzó una gran prosperidad después de la Paz de Apamea en 188 a. C., y por ende las ciudades que estaban bajo su dominio, como Mirina.

Fue ocupada por el rey macedonio Filipo V, pero los romanos le compelieron a evacuarla, y la declararon plaza libre.<ref>Tito Livio, Historia de Roma desde su fundación XXXIII.30, Polibio, Historias XVIII.27</ref>

Dos veces sufrió fuertes terremotos, la primera vez durante el reinado de Tiberio, a causa del cual recibió una condonación de sus deudas. El segundo seísmo se produjo durante el reinado de Trajano. Fue reconstruida después de las dos catástrofes, y continuó existiendo.

Sobre sus recursos económicos poco se sabe. Su tráfico marítimo y fluvial estaba poco desarrollado. La única actividad bien conocida era la producción de terracotas. La ciudad también se beneficiaría de las industrias de la lana de Egas y de la ostricultura. El santuario de Grinio debía ser también una fuente de ingresos no despreciable, sumado a los ingresos que reportaba el tránsito de peregrinos por la vía romana construida en el siglo II a. C. que atravesaba Mirina hacia este santuario, además de los provenientes del albergue situado entre Esmirna y Pérgamo. A partir de dicho siglo la acuñación de moneda y la actividad de coroplastia de lujo son signos de su enriquecimiento.

 Excavaciones arqueológicas
 Historia de las excavaciones

En 1870, fue descubierta accidentalmente una necrópolis de época helenística y romana, en una colina vecina a la localidad. Los primeros materiales fueron entregados a la Escuela Francesa de Atenas, lo que explica la presencia de un gran número de objetos en el Museo del Louvre. Cuatro campañas arqueológicas, llevada a cabo entre 1880 y 1882 respectivamente por Edmond Pottier, Salomon Reinach y Alphonse Veyrier, permitieron catalogar 5000 tumbas y excavar 350. Se trata, en general de tumbas individuales, en las que se han hallado urnas cinerarias. Las sepulturas han proporcionado una gran cantidad de objetos: monedas, espejos y sobre todo figurillas de terracota que rivalizan con la de Tanagra.

La mayor parte de los descubrimientos ha sido repartida entre el Museo del Louvre, el Museo arqueológico de Estambul y la Escuela Francesa de Atenas .

Las excavaciones emprendidas por Ekrem Akurgal, del Departamento de Antigüedades turcas, han permitido completar las colecciones de terracotas.

 Necrópolis

Solo ha sido explorada en parte. La zona se extiende por las vertientes de la colina Epano-Tepe y del monte Divlit, y por la llanura que las separa. Data de los periodos helenístico y romano, es decir entre los siglos III y I a. C.

Es probable que exista o haya existido una necrópolis anterior, puesto que se han encontrado objetos de periodos precedentes. Tres fosas estaban llenas de sarcófagos rotos, amontonados, que parecen provenir de sepulturas más antiguas. Tres lecitos de figuras negras han sido hallados. Fragmentos de estelas con un estilo de escritura del , tienden a probar que la necrópolis tiene un pasado aún más antiguo.

Salomon Reinach y Pottier Edmond estiman que han identificado unas 5000 tumbas. No hay una orientación predominante. Las sepulturas están dispuestas en grupos de veinte a sesenta, y ninguna está aislada.

Las tumbas están talladas en el suelo, que es de toba. En su mayoría son de forma cuadrada o redonda, también hay cámaras funerarias. Hay otras formas más raras de entierro: el hoyo puede estar pavimentado con piedras talladas, los muertos tienen o sarcófagos de piedra o de terracota.

Algunas tumbas estaban cubiertas de placas. Además, se han encontrado 63 estelas que llevan el nombre del difunto.

Hay dos formas de enterramiento en Mirina, la inhumación, que es el más común, y la cremación, que podría tener lugar en el propio hoyo, como en la tumba B. Salomon Reinach y Edmond Pottier emiten la hipótesis de que a veces el cuerpo no era completamente cremado, ya que la cabeza u otros miembros habrían sido apartados.

De las 5000 tumbas abiertas, únicamente 300 contenían objetos. En la mayoría, son ofrendas muy modestas: pequeños vasos de arcilla, espejos, estrígiles, monedas de bronce, frascos de vidrio, etc. La identidad de algunos difuntos está indicada en placas de bronce. Hay objetos de mayor valor como figurillas de terracota o de bronce y algunas joyas.

La mayoría de las estatuillas están. Esos destrozos datan de la Antigüedad y fueron hechos intencionadamente.

La cantidad de terracotas encontradas en Mirina es muy importante: en las colecciones del Louvre se eleva a unas 1700 figurillas.

 Habitantes notables
 Agatías, poeta e historiador bizantino.

 Referencias

 Bibliografía
 Dominique Kassab, Statuettes en terre cuite de Myrina, Bibliothèque de l'Institut français d'études anatoliennes d'Istanbul, 1988. ISBN 2-7200-1063-4.
 Géraldine Vieuille, Etude iconographique des figurines ailées en terre cuite de la nécropole de Myrina à l'époque hélénistique, mémoire de maitrise Nanterre UPX, réalisé sous la direction de Mme Michèle Daumas, 1995.

Enlaces externos

 Fouilles dans la nécropole de Myrina. Topographie de Myrina (Excavaciones en la necrópolis de Mirina. Topografía de Mirina) (en francés)

Colonias griegas de Eólida
Yacimientos arqueológicos de Turquía
Ciudades de la Antigua Roma en Turquía
Provincia de Esmirna
Puertos de la Antigua Grecia
Miembros de la Liga de Delos

Mirina (Misia)


Juan Arcocha (Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, 7 de noviembre de 1927-París, 7 de mayo de 2010) fue un destacado intelectual cubano.  Abogado, escritor, periodista, traductor e intérprete. Escribió numerosas novelas que han sido traducidas a varios idiomas.

Biografía

Nació en la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba el 7 de noviembre de 1927.

Realizó estudios de Derecho graduándose de abogado, oficio que nunca ejerció, además estudió periodismo e idiomas, por lo que a raíz del derrocamiento de la dictadura de Fulgencio Batista, fue nombrado corresponsal en Moscú del diario cubano "Revolución" y luego Agregado de Prensa de la Embajada de Cuba en París.

Desde  el 20 de febrero al 15 de marzo de 1960 sirvió de intérprete a los intelectuales franceses Jean Paul Sartre y Simone de Beauvoir, en ocasión de la primera visita de ambos a Cuba.

El libro de memorias colectivas La Habana 1952-1961 El final de un mundo, el principio de una ilusión, coordinado por el escritor cubano de origen hebreo-polaco Jacobo Machover,  incluye un capítulo sobre este viaje de los intelectuales franceses a Cuba en 1960, en el que Juan Arcocha expresa que el viaje de Jean Paul Sartre a La Habana difundió por el mundo la imagen de una revolución alegre;  sin embargo, no se dio cuenta el ilustre francés, que «eran los cubanos y no la revolución quien bailaba».

En Moscú fue consultor del cineasta soviético Serguéi Nikoláievich Kólosov para la filmación de la película "La Novela Cubana" en 1962.

Durante su estancia en la URSS se casa con la investigadora y traductora ucraniana de origen judío Zoia Barash, con quien se traslada a vivir a Cuba.  El matrimonio duró sólo unos meses.

En el propio año 1962 se publicó en Cuba su novela "Los muertos andan solos" la que tuvo una buena acogida  por el público.  Una novela  álgida, a  contracorriente de  los reglamentos implantados en la literatura cubana. El uso y abuso en esta novela de las llamadas "malas palabras" levantó ronchas y  desde entonces fue silenciado y convertido en un indeseado, nunca más fue publicada una obra suya.

En los años 1963 y 1964 impartió clases de idioma francés, en el Instituto Preuniversitario Especial "Raúl Cepero Bonilla" en el barrio habanero de La Víbora.

Decepcionado por el rumbo que tomó esa revolución en la cual había creído fervientemente, al implantarse sobre él una especie de cuarentena, abandonó Cuba en 1966 para establecerse en París. Fue a raíz del llamado  Caso Padilla, y en solidaridad con quien fuera su amigo, que rompe definitivamente con el régimen cubano en 1971.

En Europa por su condición de políglota, trabajó muchos años como traductor e intérprete en numerosas conferencias de organismos internacionales, entre ellos la ONU, la UNESCO y la FAO.

Arcocha murió en la mañana del viernes 7 de mayo de 2010 en París. Deja una vasta y poca estudiada obra literaria de gran éxito, traducida a varios idiomas.

La Colección de Herencia Cubana (Cuban Heritage Collection) de la Universidad de Miami posee una compilación de documentos de Juan Arcocha, que contiene borradores de trabajo en español, francés e inglés, en un  número considerable de manuscritos y notas de libros.

Obras publicadas

 Los muertos andan solos – Ediciones R, 1962 (único libro publicado en Cuba en vida del autor)
 A candle in the wind – L. Stuart , 1.967.
 Por cuenta propia –  Plaza & Janés, 1970.
 La bala perdida – Plaza & Janés, 1973.
 Fidel Castro en rompecabezas – Ed. ERRE, 1973.
 Operación viceversa – Ed. ERRE, 1976.
 Tatiana y los hombres abundantes – Argos Vergara, 1982. (Verbum, 2007)
 La conversación – Linden Lane Press, 1983.
 Tatiana et les hommes abondants. Broché, 2004
 El tiburón vegetariano – Editorial Verbum, S.L., 2010.
 Los baños de canela – Ediciones Universal 1988. (Letras Cubanas, 2010. Publicado en Cuba tras la muerte del autor)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Juan Arcocha. Biografía
 "Tres lecturas cubanas"
 "El no, no existe"
 "La política del sentido común"

Arcocha, Juan
Arcocha, Juan
Arcocha, Juan
Arcocha, Juan
Arcocha, Juan
Arcocha, Juan
Arcocha, Juan
Corresponsales y enviados especiales de Cuba
Nacidos en Santiago de Cuba
Fallecidos en París]

Juan Arcocha