The Jersey Shore (known by locals simply as the Shore) is the coastal region of the U.S. state of New Jersey. Geographically, the term encompasses about  of oceanfront bordering the Atlantic Ocean, from Perth Amboy in the north to Cape May Point in the south. The region includes Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean, Atlantic, and Cape May counties, which are in the central and southern parts of the state. Located in the center of the Northeast Megalopolis, the northern half of the shore region is part of the New York metropolitan area, while the southern half of the shore region is part of  the Philadelphia metropolitan area, also known as the Delaware Valley. The Jersey Shore hosts the highest concentration of oceanside boardwalks in the United States.

Famous for its wide beaches, many boardwalks with arcades, amusement parks, and water parks, the Jersey Shore is a popular vacation spot with residents of North Jersey, New York, Maryland, Delaware, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. Certain shore communities are also popular with visitors of the Canadian province of Quebec. Due to New Jersey's peninsular geography, both sunrise and sunset are visible over water from different points on the Jersey Shore.

Hurricane Sandy in 2012 devastated much of the northern part of the region, spawning the demolition and rebuilding of entire neighborhoods, with reinvention on a physically and financially elevated, and economically upscale level; this process of gentrification is rapidly escalating property values and transforming many communities on the Jersey Shore into a second home for the New York financial community, akin to the more established Gold Coast and Hamptons on Long Island.

Notable shore towns

The Jersey Shore is lined with over 40 different towns and communities, each with a different character, flavor, and vibe. Many towns cater extensively to summer tourists, while others are increasingly or completely full-year residential communities. The towns listed below are ordered geographically from north to south.

Middlesex County

The Amboys

Perth Amboy, along with neighboring South Amboy across the Raritan River, make up The Amboys. Perth Amboy was a resort town in the 19th century and early 20th century, located on the northern edge of the Raritan Bayshore. Since the early 1990s Perth Amboy has seen redevelopment. Small businesses have started to open up, helped by the city's designation as an urban enterprise zone. The waterfront has also seen a rebirth, with new parks, a new promenade and an expansion of the marina complementing the old Victorian homes along the bay. Local attractions include the Perth Amboy Ferry Slip and Kearny Cottage. The Raritan Yacht Club, it is one of the oldest yacht clubs in the United States. As of 2023, hundreds of millions of dollars were being invested in the redevelopment of Perth Amboy's waterfront area, in part related to its strategically-located industrial area.

Laurence Harbor (Old Bridge)

Laurence Harbor is an unincorporated community located in Old Bridge. The waterfront neighborhood looks directly upon many points in New York City, including Staten Island's South Shore; the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge; Lower Manhattan (and the Empire State Building in Midtown Manhattan on a clear night); and Brooklyn. The New Jersey Transit Railroad no longer has a station in Laurence Harbor. It had a Morgan station during most of the 1st half of the 20th century, located right across Cheesequake Creek, sometimes referred to locally as "The Front", from Laurence Harbor, dividing the community into eastern and western sections. Cliffwood Beach also borders Laurence Harbor when traveling south. Morgan is named after the 1703 family that had 645 acres (2.61 km2) here and were cousins of the infamous pirate captain Henry Morgan. Morgan is located one mile to the northwest, across the Cheesequake Creek and the Morgan Bridge on New Jersey Route 35. The Morgan Draw carries the North Jersey Coast Line.

Laurence Harbor is home to Old Bridge Waterfront Park, which consists of a new boardwalk (the old boardwalk was destroyed in the 1940–1950s) that was completed in 2002. The beachfront was redone through a joint venture by Old Bridge Township, New Jersey, and Middlesex County Parks Department. It extends approximately one mile from the Old Bridge Police substation south, to the Aberdeen Township neighborhood of Cliffwood Beach, running parallel with New Jersey Route 35. This area is very popular for fishing as three jetties extend into Raritan Bay and are in excellent condition, have been consistent well-maintained. The park's boardwalk is also popular for jogging and dog walking. At the northern parking lot of the park, there is bay beach swimming access along with a bathroom and showers.

Monmouth County

Union Beach
Union Beach is a borough situated on the North Shore of Monmouth County, on Raritan Bay. Union Beach is part of the Bayshore Regional Strategic Plan, an effort by nine municipalities in northern Monmouth County to reinvigorate the area's economy by emphasizing the traditional downtowns, dense residential neighborhoods, maritime history, and the natural beauty of the Raritan Bayshore coastline.

Keansburg
Keansburg was a popular early 20th century summertime destination for tourists from New York City, who would cross the Raritan Bay on steamboats to escape the city heat. Hurricane Donna wiped out much of the waterfront area in 1960, and a number of fires in the 1980s destroyed many of the town's main attractions, including the Dance Hall Auditorium, the Keansburg Bowling Alley, and the Casino Theater.

The Keansburg Amusement Park, founded in 1904, started a massive expansion project in 1995. Upgrades were made to the park and an adjacent water park, Runaway Rapids, was constructed

Atlantic Highlands

Atlantic Highlands, which overlooks where the Atlantic Ocean and Raritan Bay meet at Sandy Hook, contains Mount Mitchill, the highest point on the eastern seaboard south of Maine, rising  above sea level.

The Manhattan skyline can be seen from the borough's ridges and its shoreline. Pleasure, fishing, and commuter boats sail from its harbor, which was built from 1938 through 1940. It is the largest on the East Coast.

SeaStreak ferry
Atlantic Highlands is home to 715 seacraft including the high-speed SeaStreak ferry service to New York City, which was introduced in 1986. SeaStreak ferry provides high-speed commuter service for residents on the Raritan Bayshore in northern Monmouth County to Manhattan in New York City. The ferry also offers seasonal sightseeing excursions. Many Jersey Shore residents board the ferry to travel to different points across the Tri-State area and New England coastline. Many New York residents board the ferry to travel to Atlantic Highlands and Sandy Hook Beach, along with the rest of the Jersey Shore region at large.

Sandy Hook (Middletown)
Sandy Hook is a long, narrow largely undeveloped barrier spit, most of which is owned and managed by the National Park Service as a unit of the Gateway National Recreation Area. The eastern, ocean-facing shoreline consists of various public and fishing beaches and serves as a Shore gateway and popular destination for recreation in summer when seasonal SeaStreak ferries bring beachgoers. Sandy Hook's Gunnison Beach is one of the largest clothing-optional beaches on the East Coast. The northern end of the peninsula is home to the Sandy Hook Lighthouse, the Marine Academy of Science and Technology, and the restored buildings of Fort Hancock, a former United States Army base. Spread across Sandy Hook are former military installations, including four ammunition bunkers, two gun stations, and a Nike Missile Base.

Red Bank

Red Bank, overlooking the Navesink River, is a noted social and commercial destination, filled with boutiques, designer clothing stores, parks, and restaurants. The town is also considered a center of artistic activity and is home to the Monmouth County Arts Council, as well as the Count Basie Theatre, Two River Theater, and several art galleries. Various festivals held by the town, including the Red Bank Jazz & Blues Festival, draw tourists throughout the year.

Boating, sculling, sailing, and fishing are popular outdoor activities in Red Bank; in the winter, ice boats sail on the Navesink when it freezes over. The Monmouth Boat Club, Marine Park, and the slips of the Molly Pitcher Inn provide access to the river and, from there, the Atlantic Ocean.

Oceanport

Oceanport is an upper-middle-class bedroom community located on the Shrewsbury River, between Red Bank and Long Branch. It is the home of Monmouth Park Racetrack, one of the oldest thoroughbred racing tracks in the country.

The original racing track was opened by the Monmouth Park Association on July 30, 1870, in nearby Eatontown to increase summer tourism for communities along the Shore. Monmouth Park early on earned the nickname as the "Newmarket of America" due to the excellence of its racing. However, after three years of being open financial issues caused the track to close. In 1878, the track was bought by David D. Withers, George L. Lorillard, James Gordon Bennett, Jr., and George P. Wetmore. The men spent four years renovating the grounds and grandstand and reopened Monmouth Park in 1882. From 1882 to 1890, the track increased in popularity and as a result, a new racetrack was constructed next to the original. The new racetrack opened in 1890 becoming the second Monmouth Park. However, legislation proposed in 1891 and enacted in 1894 barred parimutuel betting in New Jersey, and the track closed its doors. It was not until 1946 when the New Jersey Legislature passed a bill providing for state regulation of horse racing that the current Monmouth Park opened.

Its location on the shore and as a stop on the North Jersey Coast Line makes it a popular shore destination for residents from New York and North Jersey to see thoroughbred racing. The Haskell Invitational Stakes take place annually in August.

Long Branch
Long Branch developed into a resort town in the late 18th century, with oceanside hotels, large estates, and grand theaters. It was visited by seven United States presidents, including Ulysses S. Grant, Chester A. Arthur, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, and Woodrow Wilson. All seven worshiped at the Church of the Presidents in the city, and beachside Seven Presidents Park is named for their visits. Long Branch's popularity waned in the years following World War II, with the opening of the Garden State Parkway in the mid-1950s allowing tourists to access points further south. The defining moment marking the end of this era occurred on June 8, 1987, when a large fire destroyed the town's pier and adjoining amusement park.

In 2005, Pier Village, a Victorian-inspired mixed-use community consisting of rental residences atop retail space, opened. A public grassy area called Festival Plaza is the site of regular events, including concerts, arts & crafts fairs, outdoor movies, and holiday events. Long Branch is also home to Max's Famous Hotdogs and its rival, the original WindMill Hot Dogs, located in a windmill-shaped building since 1963.

Allenhurst
The borough of Allenhurst is best known for its shoreline Residential Historic District, roughly bounded by the Atlantic Ocean, Main Street, Cedar Avenue, Hume Street, and Elberon Avenue. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 18, 2010, for its historical architectural significance. It includes 412 contributing buildings.

Asbury Park

Asbury Park developed through the 1920s and 1930s as a resort destination for the New York metro area, and it remained that way through World War II. The Paramount Theatre and Asbury Park Convention Hall, both connected to the boardwalk via a grand arcade, drew considerable tourists. The post-war era of the 1950s and 1960s saw the construction of the Garden State Parkway and the Monmouth Mall, taking visitors away from Asbury Park and its shopping areas. At the same time, the city's music scene gained prominence with artists like Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band and Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes getting their starts at venues like Asbury Lanes and The Stone Pony, the latter one of New Jersey's best-known music venues. These acts and others led to the development of a sub-genre of rock and roll known as the Jersey Shore sound.

Race riots on July 4, 1970, resulted in the destruction of various buildings across the city. A popular indoor amusement complex, Palace Amusements, was closed in 1988 and demolished in 2004, despite multiple attempts to save it. A pair of large murals on the building's side known collectively as "Tillie" became an icon of the Jersey Shore and was saved.

In the 1990s, Asbury Park emerged as a prime LGBT destination, with multiple gay bars and nightclubs, as well as the Empress Hotel, the state's first gay-oriented hotel, opening. Since the early 2000s, a burgeoning crowd of artists along with local political leaders have helped push the town through major redevelopment, which is still ongoing. Asbury Park still retains the lively music scene which made it famous, with newer music venues such as The Saint operating alongside the older stalwarts. Events like the Asbury Music Awards and the Garden State Film Festival continue to draw tourists to the city.

Ocean Grove
Ocean Grove was originally developed in 1869 as a Methodist summer camp meeting site. Today, it is an unincorporated community located within Neptune Township and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Ocean Grove is noted for its abundant examples of Victorian architecture. It is home to The Great Auditorium, a 6,250-seat indoor arena constructed out of wood in 1894 on bridge-like iron trusses laid on stone foundations. The Auditorium contains a pipe organ that is one of the 20 largest in the world. Surrounding the Auditorium are 114  tents, which are occupied from May to September, just as they have been since the town's founding. The tents adjoin to rear sheds containing a kitchen and bathroom and are stored in the sheds during the winter. They are in such demand that there is a waiting list of ten years for summer rentals. Ocean Grove was named one of the top 15 best beaches by Fodor's in 2014.

Belmar

Belmar is a popular vacation destination due to its natural and recreational resources. Its boardwalk and town offer shops, restaurants, an active arts scene, sporting events, festivals, and a variety of family-oriented activities. Belmar is also a popular party town for young adults and college students. Belmar is among the most popular surf spots on the East Coast, frequently hosting surfing events and competitions.

Spring Lake
Spring Lake is easily recognized by its tree lined streets, stately mansions, and seasonal cottages (of which few remain). During the Gilded Age of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, prominent members of New York City and Philadelphia high society purchased a large tract of farmland with the vision of creating a resort and religious retreat area catering to the wealthy- similar in fashion to the communities of Newport, Rhode Island, and Bar Harbor, Maine. Grand hotels and guest cottages were constructed to accommodate an anticipated influx well-to-do seasonal visitors. Notably, in 1900 many of the largest hotels were destroyed by fire, leaving way for wealthy families to construct houses for year round living. But to this day, few original structures remain; as it is now commonplace to raise lots and demolish structures in order to make way for the largest homes possible. Of those still in existence, the Martin Maloney Cottage and the Audenried Cottage serve as examples of what now remains.

Manasquan

Manasquan has an active downtown area defined by its Main Street, lined with small businesses and original Victorian houses. It is home to a historic 540-seat theatre, named after the Native American tribe that inhabited the land before European settlement. Built in 1938 as a movie house, it converted during May 1994 to a professional theatre. Over the course of the 20th century, much of the traditional neighborhood beach bungalows were demolished and replaced with dwellings to accommodate larger single families, helping turn Manasquan into a predominately year-round residential community, easing the focus on summer tourism.

The Manasquan Inlet is the northern terminus of the inland portion of the Intracoastal Waterway. It provides surfers with waves that are corralled, refracted, and enlarged by the jetty protruding out into the Atlantic Ocean.

Ocean County

Point Pleasant Beach
Point Pleasant Beach is situated on the Barnegat Peninsula, a long, narrow barrier peninsula that divides the Barnegat Bay from the Atlantic Ocean at the Manasquan Inlet, and the borough derives its name from this location. The town's boardwalk is approximately one mile long, and its central third is home to Jenkinsons' amusement park, aquarium, and arcades, as well as numerous pizza restaurants, ice cream parlors, games-of-chance, and miniature golf courses. Point Pleasant is home to the first Jersey Mike's sub shop, founded in the town in 1956.

Seaside Heights

Seaside Heights is a resort community, with a beach, an amusement-oriented boardwalk, and numerous clubs and bars making it a popular destination. During the summer, the borough attracts a crowd largely over the age of 21, drawn to a community with boardwalk entertainment and one of the few shore communities with sizable numbers of apartments. In the peak months of July and August, the town's population explodes from around 3,000 residents to between 30,000 and 65,000 people on any given day. South of the town sits Island Beach State Park, the largest reserve of an undeveloped barrier island in New Jersey and one of the largest in the United States.

Casino Pier is an amusement park situated on a pier extending over the Atlantic Ocean. The pier offers many family-friendly attractions and roller coasters, as well as an arcade, games-of-chance, and a rooftop miniature golf course. Across the street, a go-kart track, a new miniature golf course, and a waterpark, Breakwater Beach, round out the attraction list. The rest of the 2-mile (3.2 km) long boardwalk offers various arcades, attractions, souvenir shops, restaurants and food stands.

On October 29, 2012, substantial portions of the boardwalk were damaged and much of the borough was flooded as a result of Hurricane Sandy. Both Casino Pier and Funtown Pier suffered major damage, with sections of both piers torn apart by a powerful storm surge that caused many rides to collapse into the ocean. One such ride, Casino Pier's Star Jet, became a symbol of the storm's destruction as it sat upright in the Atlantic Ocean after the pier washed out below it. A portion of the rebuilt boardwalk and all of Funtown Pier were destroyed in a 2013 fire.

The community is also known as the setting of the hit MTV show Jersey Shore, as well as various editions of MTV True Life and MTV Summer Beach House.

Long Beach Island
Long Beach Island, colloquially known as LBI, is a barrier island and summer colony approximately  in length. The primary industries include tourism, fishing, and real estate. The only access point to the island by car is via the Manahawkin Bay Bridge, locally known as "The Causeway", which carries Route 72 over Manahawkin Bay. Long Beach Island is home to about 20,000 people on a year-round basis. However, the population swells significantly during the summer months and reaches about 100,000 people, including both part-time residents and tourists, who are often referred to as "shoobies". The island's close-knit communities are largely affluent and contain vacation homes for wealthy individuals who reside elsewhere in New Jersey, as well as New York, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut.

The low-density northern end of the Long Beach Island, including the communities of Barnegat Light, Loveladies, Harvey Cedars, and North Beach, are home to an assortment of high-end waterfront vacation homes. The southern end contains significantly more year-round residents and businesses, particularly in the larger boroughs of Beach Haven, Long Beach, and Surf City. Long Beach Island typically attracts a family-oriented crowd during the summertime; the island has not contained a boardwalk since the 1944 hurricane, and nightlife is limited to a few bars. Tourists generally take part in recreational activities like miniature golf, parasailing, jet skiing, and relaxing on the beaches. The island has a reputation as a base for long-range deep-sea fishing and charter boats.

Attractions include the Barnegat Lighthouse, a 165 feet (50 m) tall lighthouse overlooking the Barnegat Inlet, located in a state park at the island's northern tip. A small amusement park, Fantasy Island, serves the surrounding communities, and the original Ron Jon Surf Shop location sits at the foot of the Manahawkin Bay Bridge in Ship Bottom.

Atlantic County

Brigantine
Brigantine is an island community, the northernmost in Atlantic County. The Brigantine Lighthouse, constructed to attract tourists, is a central identifying symbol of the city. Brigantine is home to the Marine Mammal Stranding Center, the state's only rescue center for stranded marine mammals and sea turtles. It has rescued more than 3,900 whales, dolphins, seals and sea turtles since it was formed. Part of the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge is located on the northern end of the island. The town is named after the numerous shipwrecks in the area, many of which were likely brigantines.

Atlantic City

Atlantic City is a nationally renowned resort city for gambling, shopping and fine dining. In an effort at revitalizing the city, New Jersey voters in 1976 passed a referendum, approving casino gambling for Atlantic City. Today, the city is second to Las Vegas in number of casinos, yearly gaming revenue, and number of casino hotel rooms. Casinos like the Ocean Casino Resort, Borgata, Harrah's, Caesars, and Tropicana draw tourists from around the world.

The Atlantic City Boardwalk is the world's oldest boardwalk, opening on June 26, 1870. At  long, it is also the world's longest and busiest boardwalk. The boardwalk starts at Absecon Inlet and runs along the beach for 4 miles (6 km) to the city limit. An additional  miles (2 km) of the boardwalk extend into neighboring Ventnor City. Casinos and hotels front the boardwalk, as well as stores, restaurants, games, and other attractions.

Events like Thunder over the Boardwalk, as well as more traditional attractions like the Absecon Lighthouse and Lucy the Elephant, bring in additional visitors. Shopping in the city include Playground Pier, Tanger Outlets The Walk, and The Quarter at Tropicana.

Notable landmarks include Boardwalk Hall, an arena and convention center opened in 1929, and Steel Pier, an amusement park on a 1,000 foot (300 m) long pier over the Atlantic Ocean. Home of the Miss America pageant, Atlantic City has been featured in numerous films and television series, most notably as the setting of the 1980 film Atlantic City and the 2011 HBO series Boardwalk Empire. The city also served as the inspiration for the board game Monopoly.

Cape May County

Ocean City

Ocean City is home to a boardwalk fronted by several shops and amusement areas. Known as a family-oriented seaside resort, the city has prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages within its limits since its founding in 1879. Ocean City has miles of guarded beaches, a 2.5-mile boardwalk, and a downtown shopping and dining district. Gillian's Wonderland Pier and Playland's Castaway Cove are two large amusement parks located along the boardwalk, with both family and thrill rides. A water park, various arcades, miniature golf courses, and a historic entertainment hall, the Ocean City Music Pier, round out the boardwalk attractions. Corson's Inlet State Park was established by the New Jersey Legislature in 1969 to protect and preserve one of the last undeveloped tracts of land along the state's oceanfront.

The Wildwoods

The Wildwoods is used as a collective term for the four communities that have "Wildwood" as part of the municipality name — the Borough of Wildwood Crest, City of Wildwood, Borough of West Wildwood and the City of North Wildwood — together with Diamond Beach, a portion of Lower Township situated on the island. Its most notable features are its beach and  boardwalk, home to the Morey's Piers amusement complex and Raging Waters and Ocean Oasis Waterparks owned by Morey's Piers. The boardwalk features a trolley called the "Tramcar", which runs from end to end.

The Wildwoods is home to over 200 motels, built during the Doo-Wop era of the 1950s and 1960s, in an area recognized by the state of New Jersey, known as the Wildwoods Shore Resort Historic District'

The term doo-wop was coined by Cape May's Mid-Atlantic Center For The Arts in the early 1990s to describe the unique, space-age architectural style, which is also referred to as the Googie or populuxe style. The motels are unique in appearance, with Vegas-like neon signs and fantastic architecture.

Cape May

Cape May is at the southern tip of Cape May Peninsula where the Delaware Bay meets the Atlantic Ocean and is one of the country's oldest vacation resort destinations.

With a rich history, award-winning beaches, designation as a top birding location, and many Victorian structures, Cape May is a seaside resort drawing visitors from around the world. The Cape May – Lewes Ferry connects US 9 from Cape May to Lewes, Delaware.

Beaches

The following is a list of all the towns within the state of New Jersey that have a beach either along the Raritan Bay or Atlantic Ocean, listed north to south:

Most ocean beaches in New Jersey charge admission to the beaches through the use of beach tags. Ocean beaches in New Jersey that do not use beach tags include Atlantic City, Strathmere (Upper Township), North Wildwood, Wildwood, and Wildwood Crest.

Environmental issues

Climate change

The Jersey shore is expected to have increasing problems with the water supply in part due to saltwater intrusion, and also changes in weather patterns. Communities on the eastern shore are also expected to see significant change in the commercial fisheries along the coast, hurting communities dependent on fishing.

Sea level rise
The Jersey Shore is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise accelerated by climate change, and will be experiencing more sea level rise than the global average. This is in large part because of the slow down of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation which will allow sea level rise 2 feet greater than average. The region already experiences frequent flooding during king tides and storm surge, because most infrastructure was built based on 20th century standards. Several academic studies have explore various responses to the sea level rise including managed retreat, improved coastal management practices to mitigate risk, and hard structures.

Hurricane Sandy

The entirety of the Jersey Shore region was significantly damaged by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012. The devastating effect of the storm surge on property adjacent to the beach resulted in substantial cost to the reinsurance industry which has since advocated avoidance of rebuilding closely packed middle-class residences or flimsy commercial structures adjacent to the beach. The hurricane reached up to 74 mph. Hurricane Sandy's pure kinetic energy for storm surge and wave destruction potential reached a 5.8 out of 6 on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's scale. Storm surges reached 14 ft above average low tide. The Barrier Islands were especially damaged, leaving dozens of homes completely washed away. Many iconic places from "The Shore" were also damaged due to Hurricane Sandy, including the Belmar boardwalk, Casino Pier, and Funtown Pier.

Retail businesses
Unlike areas in the interior of the state, which has many big box stores and malls, small businesses are a significant portion of the economy of barrier island Jersey Shore towns. This is because small businesses can more easily adapt to the seasonal nature of business in shore towns. Stores that are located at the shore are all unique ranging from psychics and accessories at Ocean City to home-made chocolates in Long Beach Island. In addition, many shore towns deliberately stymie the entry of big box stores because they want to reduce traffic.

Property ownership
Every town along the Jersey Shore has properties owned by people who do not live in New Jersey. State resident ownership has dropped by 30% since 1989. People from out of state own about 37% of the properties in shore towns. In 10 towns, a majority of the property is owned by out of state residents. Summer tourism swells the population of towns along the shore. Some towns have fewer than 5,000 year-round residents, then explode to more than 30,000 residents during the summer. Monmouth County has the highest percentage of New Jersey resident ownership, at 88%, followed by Ocean County at 80%, 57% in Atlantic County, and only 27% in Cape May County. Avalon has the lowest percentage of state resident ownership at 27.5%, while Monmouth Beach has the highest at 92.7%.

In popular culture

Television
 The MTV reality series Jersey Shore aired from 2009 to 2012, with seasons one, three, five and six being filmed in Seaside Heights. It became a pop culture phenomenon, with classes and conferences at universities about the show, and journalists listing it as one of the most notable shows of the time. The show debuted amid controversy regarding its use of the terms "Guido/Guidette", its portrayal of Italian-Americans and allegations of perpetuating stereotypes, as well as scrutiny from locals of the cast who were not residents of the area.
 MTV also used Seaside Heights as the location of their Beach House music video block in 1998 and again in 2002, and for two episodes of True Life, in 2003 and 2004. In 2017, the revival of the Beach House music block was filmed in Loveladies and Long Beach Township on Long Beach Island.
 The HBO series The Sopranos featured multiple episodes set at the Jersey Shore, including season four's acclaimed "Whitecaps", which was filmed in Sea Bright and Asbury Park, which appeared in both season two's "Funhouse" and season three's "...To Save Us All from Satan's Power". Other locations featured in the series include Monmouth Beach, Long Branch, and the Borgata in Atlantic City.
 The 1992 Fox TV series Down the Shore, starring Louis Mandylor and Anna Gunn, was set in Belmar.
 Some episodes in season four of The Real Housewives of New Jersey took place at the Jersey Shore. The families of cast members Teresa Giudice and Melissa Gorga own houses in Toms River.
 Jersey Shore Shark Attack is a 2012 Syfy television film set on the Jersey Shore.
 The HBO series "Boardwalk Empire" was largely based on and set during the prohibition era in Atlantic City.

Film
 The 2008 Academy Award-nominated film The Wrestler, directed by Darren Aronofsky and starring Mickey Rourke, Marissa Tomei and Evan Rachel Wood, contains scenes in Asbury Park.
 The 1980 French-Canadian film Atlantic City is set in the titular city and stars Susan Sarandon as a casino waitress and Burt Lancaster as an aging former gangster.
 Ocean's Eleven, the 2001 remake of the 1960 Rat Pack heist film, opens with scenes at the Trump Plaza featuring George Clooney and Bernie Mac.
 Warrior
 The Bounty Hunter
 According to Greta
 Clerks
 Greetings From The Shore
 The King of Marvin Gardens
 The Pick-up Artist
 Ragtime

Music
 The Jersey Shore is home to numerous rock and roll clubs, most famously in Asbury Park, where Bruce Springsteen honed his skills at now defunct clubs such as The Upstage and the Student Prince. He still makes periodic live appearances at The Stone Pony bar and Convention Hall, performing either as a solo act, with the E Street Band, or with other artists. Bill Haley and the Comets performed "Rock Around the Clock" for the first time live at the Hoff Brau in Wildwood.

References

External links

 Historic Jersey Shore Lighthouses
 New Jersey Shore Events, History Hotels, Dining and Articles
 17 New Jersey Shore Newspapers serving Atlantic and Cape May Counties
 Highlights New Jersey Shore Events and activities

Culture of Philadelphia
Seaside resorts in the United States
Seaside resorts in New Jersey
Geography of Atlantic County, New Jersey
Geography of Cape May County, New Jersey
Geography of Monmouth County, New Jersey
Geography of Ocean County, New Jersey
Regions of New Jersey
Tourism in New Jersey
Tourism regions of New Jersey
Tourist attractions in Atlantic County, New Jersey
Tourist attractions in Cape May County, New Jersey
Tourist attractions in Monmouth County, New Jersey
Tourist attractions in Ocean County, New Jersey

Jersey Shore


Júgóslavneska karlalandsliðið í knattspyrnu var fulltrúi Júgóslavíu í knattspyrnu og var stjórnað af knattspyrnusambandi landsins á árunum 1920 til 1992. Júgóslavar voru löngum í hópi sterkari knattspyrnuþjóða Evrópu og voru tíðir gestir í úrslitakeppnum EM og HM. Liðið hlaut tvívegis silfurverðlaun á Evrópumeistaramóti og lék tvisvar til undanúrslta á heimsmeistaramóti.

Saga
Ríkið Júgóslavía var sett á stofn í kjölfar fyrri heimsstyrjaldarinnar. Landið nefndist í fyrstu Konungsríki Serba, Króata og Slóvena og gekk síðan undir ýmsum formlegum heitum, en almennt er þó vísað til þess sem Júgóslavíu í daglegu tali. Knattspyrnusamband var stofnað árið 1919 og fékk það aukaaðild að FIFA árið 1921 og fulla aðild tveimur árum síðar. Fyrsti landsleikurinn var gegn Tékkóslóvakíu á Ólymíuleikunum í Antwerpen 1920 og endaði með 7:0 stórtapi. Tveimur árum síðar náði liðið fram hefndum gegn tékkneska liðinu og var það fyrsti sigur Júgóslava.

Júgóslavía mætti aftur til leiks á ÓL 1924 en mátti þola sömu útreiðina, 7:0 tap gegn meistaraefnum Úrúgvæ. Enn tapaði Júgóslavía í fyrstu umferð fjórum árum síðar, þá fyrir Portúgölum.

Fyrsta heimsmeistaramótið
Nafni Konungsríkis Serba, Króata og Slóvena var breytt í Júgóslavíu árið 1929 þegar konungurinn, Alexander fyrsta, tók sér tímabundið alræðisvöld í landinu. Hann átti stóran þátt í því að Júgóslavía var eitt einungis fjögurra Evrópuríkja til að senda lið á fyrstu heimsmeistarakeppnina sem fram fór í Úrúgvæ árið 1930. Lið Júgóslavíu var kornungt, meðalaldurinn innan við 22 ár og ekki talið líklegt til stórafreka. Deilur milli Serba og Króata vegna flutnings knattspyrnusambandsins frá Zagreb til Belgrað höfðu veikt liðið til mikilla muna þar sem Króatar neituðu að gefa kost á sér.

Ekki tókst að hafa fjóra fullskipaða riðla á mótinu og biðu Júgóslava því aðeins tveir mótherjar. Fyrst var leikið gegn Brasilíumönnum sem álitnir voru mun sigurstranglegri. Hið unga Balkanskagalið kom á óvart og sigraði 2:1. Í kjölfarið kom auðveldur 4:0 sigur á Bólivíu sem aldrei hafði unnið knattspyrnulandsleik.

Í undanúrslitunum tóku við heimamenn í Úrúgvæ. Mikil taugaveiklun einkenndi leik gestgjafanna í byrjun og Júgóslavar náðu forystunni á fimmtu mínútu. Eftir tuttugu mínútna leik náði lið Úrúgvæ hins vegar að jafna metin, tók svo öll völd og sigraði að lokum 6:1. Júgóslavar voru mjög ósáttir við dómgæsluna í viðureigninni og mun það samkvæmt sumum heimildum hafa ráðið því að ekkert varð úr leik um bronsverðlaun á mótinu, en aðrir telja að aldrei hafi staðið til að halda slíkan leik. Margt er á huldu um hvort bronsverðlaun hafi yfir höfuð verið veitt í keppninni og þá hvort Júgóslavar hafi fengið þau sem liðið sem tapaði fyrir endanlegum heimsmeisturum eða hvort Júgóslavía og Bandaríkin hafi verið látin deila þeim. Mörgum áratugum síðar kvað FIFA upp þann úrskurð að Bandaríkin teljist hafa hlotið 3ja sætið á þessu fyrsta heimsmeistaramóti og Júgóslavía það 4ða, þrátt fyrir mótbárur þeirra síðarnefndu.

Júgóslavar freistuðu þess að komast á HM 1934 og 1938 en féllu úr leik í forkeppninni í bæði skiptin.

Í alþýðulýðveldi (1945-1958)
Heimsstyrjöldin síðari raskaði knattspyrnuiðkun í Júgóslavíu og landið var tímabundið klofið upp. Kommúnistar komust til valda að stríðinu loknu. Ríkisstjórnir í alþýðulýðveldum Austur-Evrópu lögðu áherslu á góðan árangur á íþróttasviðinu og það var Júgóslavía engin undantekning. Áhugamannareglur Ólympíuhreyfingarinnar gáfu kommúnistaríkjunum færi á að tefla fram miklu sterkari liðum í knattspyrnukeppni leikanna en Vesturlönd höfðu færi á. Júgóslavía hlaut silfurverðlaunin á þrennum leikum í röð, 1948, 1952 og 1956, áður en liðið varð loks meistari á leikunum 1960.

Júgóslavar mættu í annað sinn til leiks á HM í Brasilíu 1950. Þar unnu þeir góða sigra á Sviss og Mexíkó en töpuðu í hreinum úrslitaleik um að komast upp úr riðlinum á móti ógnarsterku liði heimamanna.

Brasilíumenn urðu mótherjar Júgóslava í þriðja sinn í jafnmörgum keppnum á HM í Sviss 1954. Þar gerðu liðin jafntefli í framlengdum leik í Lausanne. Bæði lið komust áfram úr riðlinum en áður höfðu Júgóslavar unnið Frakka, 1:0. Í fjórðungsúrslitum máttu Júgóslavar sætta sig við tap gegn heimsmeistaraefnum Vestur-Þjóðverja með tveimur mörkum gegn engu.

Í Svíþjóð 1958 voru Júgóslavar enn taldir í hópi sterkustu liða. Í fyrsta leik gerði liðið jafntefli við Skota, sigraði þvínæst spútniklið Frakka 3:2 en gerði óvænt 3:3 jafntefli við Paragvæ í lokaleiknum og mátti sætta sig við annað sætið í riðlinum. Það reyndist dýrkeypt því mótherjarnir í fjórðungsúrslitum urðu því ekki Norður-Írar heldur ríkjandi heimsmeistarar Vestur-Þjóðverja, sem fóru með sigur af hólmi, 1:0.

Bitist um verðlaun (1960-1968)
Evrópukeppnin í knattspyrnu fór fyrst fram árið 1960. Júgóslavar þurftu að slá út Búlgari og Portúgala á leið sinni í fjögurra liða úrslitakeppni sem fram fór í Frakklandi. Þar skoruðu Júgóslavar þrjú síðustu mörkin í æsilegum 4:5 sigri á heimamönnum í öðrum undanúrslitaleiknum. Við tók úrslitaviðureign gegn Sovétmönnum sem framlengja þurfti uns sovéska liðið hafði betur, 2:1.

Sömu lið mættust tveimur árum síðar í riðlakeppni HM í Síle. Aftur höfðu Sovétmenn betur, að þessu sinni 2:0. Sigrar gegn Úrúgvæ og Kólumbíu komu Júgóslövum hins vegar í næstu umferð. Í fjórðungsúrslitum komu Júgóslavar loks fram hefndum gegn Vestur-Þjóðverjum og unnu þá 1:0 með marki undir lok leiksins.

Í undanúrslitum var austur-evrópskur slagur milli Júgóslavíu og Tékkóslóvakíu sem féll fullkomlega í skuggann af viðureign heimamanna og Brasilíu sem fram fór á sama tíma. Tékkneska liðið hafði betur, 3:1 og mætti Brasilíu í úrslitum á meðan Júgóslavar máttu sætta sig við bronsleik gegn spútnikliði Síle. Gestgjafarnir herjuðu fram 1:0 sigur með marki á lokamínútunni og hrepptu bronsverðlaunin.

Júgóslavía var fjarri góðu gamni á næstu tveimur stórmótum. Svíar slógu þá út í forkeppni EM 1964 og Frakkar gerðu það sama fyrir HM 1966. Evrópukeppnin 1968 átti hins vegar eftir að verða söguleg.

Vestur-Þjóðverjar og Júgóslavar lentu saman í forriðlinum þar sem þeir fyrrnefndu hefðu náð toppsætinu ef ekki hefði komið til óvænt jafntefli gegn Albaníu. Í fjórðungsúrslitum mættu Júgóslavar Frökkum og gerðu 1:1 jafntefli ytra en skelltu þeim svo 5:1 á heimavelli. Farseðillinn í úrslitakeppnina á Ítalíu var tryggður.

Júgóslavar skelltu ríkjandi heimsmeisturum Englendinga 1:0 í Napólí með sigurmarki í lokin. Við tók úrslitaleikur gegn heimamönnum í Rómarborg. Júgóslavar tóku forystuna en Ítalir jöfnuðu seint í leiknum. Framlenging skilaði engu og við tók nýr leikur tveimur dögum síðar þar sem vítaspyrnukeppnir höfðu ekki verið innleiddar. Þar reyndust gestgjafarnir sterkari, unnu 2:0 og Júgóslavía mátti á ný sætta sig við silfrið.

Gestgjafar á EM (1970-1980)
Strembinn forriðill með Belgum og Spánverjum þýddi að Júgóslavía komst ekki á HM 1970 í Mexíkó. Liðið sat einnig heima á EM 1972 eftir tap í úrslitaeinvígi gegn Sovétmönnum.

Spánn og Júgóslavía mættust í oddaleik í Belgíu um það hvort liðið kæmist á HM í Vestur-Þýskalandi 1974 og höfðu Júgóslavar betur, 1:0. Þegar til Þýskalands var komið gerðu Júgóslavar markalaust jafntefli í fyrsta leik gegn heimsmeisturum Brasilíumanna og unnu í næstu viðureign einn stærsta sigur í sögu HM þegar Saír var lagt að velli 9:0. Jafntefli í þriðja leik gegn Skotum, 1:1, þýddi að Júgóslavar höfnuðu í efsta sæti riðilsins og lentu því í milliriðli B. Ekki tókst Júgóslövum þó að standa undir væntingum þegar í milliriðil var komið og töpuðu öllum þremur leikjunum. Fyrst gegn heimamönnum, þá Pólverjum og loks Svíum.

Júgóslavar voru ekki lengi að sleikja sárin. Þeir unnu forriðil sinn fyrir EM 1976 auðveldlega og slógu þvínæst Wales út í tveimur leikjum. Þar með var júgóslavneska liðið komið í fjögurra liða úrslitakeppni sem ákveðið var að halda í Belgrað og Zagreb í júní 1976. Útlitið var gott í undanúrslitaleiknum gegn heimsmeisturum Vestur-Þjóðverja þar sem Júgóslavar náðu tveggja marka forystu. Gestirnir jöfnuðu þó 2:2, þar sem Gerd Müller jafnaði metin og skoraði svo tvö mörk til viðbótar í framlengingu, 2:4.

Ósigurinn varð gríðarlegt áfall fyrir Júgóslava sem höfðu gert sér góðar vonir um Evrópumeistaratitil. Fáir áhorfendur sáu ástæðu til að mæta á bronsleikinn gegn Hollendingum. Sú viðureign fór einnig í framlengingu þar sem hollenska liðið vann 3:2.

Eftir vonbrigðin á heimavelli 1976 þurftu Júgóslavar að sitja heima á næstu stórmótum, HM 1978 og EM 1980. Í bæði skiptin komust Spánverjar áfram í þeirra stað.

Misjafnt gengi (1982-1988)
Júgóslövum gekk vel í forkeppni fyrir HM 1982 og hafnaði í efsta sæti á undan Ítölum sem urðu að lokum heimsmeistarar. Frammistaðan gaf tilefni til bjartsýni á Spáni þar sem liðið var talið heppið með drátt. Markalaust jafntefli í fyrsta leik gegn Norður-Írum var þó ekki í samræmi við væntingar og Júgóslavar komust í vonda stöðu eftir 2:1 tap gegn heimamönnum, þar sem dómarinn var talinn draga taum Spánverja og dæmdi m.a. fráleita vítaspyrnu. Lokaleikur riðilsins var á móti Hondúras þar sem þriggja marka hefði tryggt sæti í næstu umferð. Júgóslövum tókst hins vegar ekki að herja út nema 1:0 sigur í blálokin og þurftu því að treysta á hagstæð úrslit í leik Spánverja og Norður-Íra. Það gekk ekki eftir og Júgóslavar sátu eftir með sárt ennið.

Vonbrigðin héldu áfram á EM í Frakklandi 1984. Þar sáu Júgóslavar aldrei til sólar og töpuðu öllum þremur leikjunum, gegn Belgum, Dönum og Frökkum. Miðjuleikurinn gegn Dönum var sérlega slæmur og tapaðist 5:0.

Afleitt gengi á heimavelli í forkeppninni gerði það að verkum að Júgóslavía var aldrei nálægt því að komast á HM 1986. Englendingar höfðu svo betur í keppni við Júgóslava um laust sæti á EM í Vestur-Þýskalandi 1988.

Endalokin (1990-1992)
Júgóslavía hafði á að skipa einhverju efnilegasta landsliði heims undir lok níunda áratugarins. U-21 árs landsliðið varð heimsmeistari árið 1987, þar sem  Robert Prosinečki var valinn besti leikmaðurinn. Hið unga lið fór taplaust í gegnum forkeppni HM 1990 og skildi m.a. lið Frakka eftir í forriðlinum.

Heimsmeistaraefni Vestur-Þjóðverja reyndust of stór biti í fyrsta leik þegar til Ítalíu var komið og töpuðu Júgóslavar þar 1:4. Næsta viðureign var hörkuslagur við Kólumbíumenn sem vannst 1:0. Sameinuðu arabísku furstadæmin voru mótherjarnir í þriðja leik sem vannst 4:1 og Júgóslavar voru komnir í 16-liða úrslitin.

Þar tók við hörð viðureign gegn Spánverjum sem lauk með 1:1 jafntefli en mark frá Dragan Stojković í framlengingu skildi liðin að lokum að. Í fjórðungsúrslitum mættust stálin stinn þegar Júgóslavía og Argentína gerðu markalaust jafntefli. Grípa þurfti til vítaspyrnukeppni þar sem Diego Maradona misnotaði sína spyrnu en Argentínumenn unnu engu að síður 3:2 eftir að markvörður þeirra varði þrjár spyrnur.

Tveimur árum eldri og reynslunni ríkari voru Júgóslavar taldir til alls vísir á EM í Svíþjóð 1992. Liðið tryggði sér þátttöku í úrslitakeppninni en áður en til átti að taka braust út borgarastyrjöld í landinu sem olli því að Júgóslavía var sett í keppnisbann frá alþjóðlegum íþróttamótum. Danir tóku sæti þeirra á mótinu og fóru óvænt með sigur af hólmi.

Síðasti knattspyrnulandsleikur gömlu Júgóslavíu var 2:0 tapleikur gegn Hollendingum þann 25. mars 1992. Frá 1992 til 2006 mynduðu Serbía og Svartfjallaland ríkjaheild og kenndi landslið þeirra sig um tíma við Júgóslavíu, en það telst þó ekki sama landslið og hið fyrra.

Evrópsk knattspyrnulandslið
Karlalandslið í knattspyrnu
Aflögð landslið í knattspyrnu
Júgóslavía


Ahmet Ferit Tek (7 Mart 1878, Bursa - 25 Kasım 1971, İstanbul), Türk siyasetçi, diplomat, fikir adamı.

Türk Ocağı'nın kurucularından ve derneğin resmî kuruluşundan sonraki ilk genel başkanıdır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin ilk İçişleri Bakanı'dır. Son Osmanlı Meclisi Mebusanı'nda, TBMM 1. Dönem ve 2. Dönem'de milletvekilliği, I. ve II. İcra Vekilleri Heyeti'nde ve 1. Hükûmet ve 2. Hükûmet'te bakanlık, sonrasında diplomatlık yaptı. Fecr-i Ati döneminin kadın yazarlarından Müfide Ferit Tek'in eşi, sanat tarihçisi Emel Esin'in babasıdır.

Yaşamı

Ailesi ve öğrenim yılları
7 Mart 1878 tarihinde Bursa'da doğdu. İstanbullu bir aileye mensuptur. Babası Maliye muhasebecilerinden Mustafa Reşit Bey, büyük babası kadı Asım Efendi'dir. Annesi Bursalı İbrahim Ağa'nın kızı Hanife Leyla Hanım'dır.

Öğrenimine Darü'l-Feyz Mektebi'nde başladı. Gülhane Rüştiyesi'ni bitirdikten sonra asker olma isteği ile Kuleli Askeri İdadisi'ne girdi. Askeri eğitime 1894 yılında girdiği Harbiye Mektebi'nde devam etti. 1896 yılında piyade asteğmen rütbesi ile mezun oldu.

Bir sene Erkan-ı Harbiye sınıfında çalıştı. 1897 ve 1898 yıllarında meşrutiyetçi öğrencilere karşı soruşturma başlatılmıştı. Arkadaşı Yusuf Akçura'yı korumak istemesi sonucu tutuklandı. 102 gün Taşkışla'da mahkûm olduktan sonra İstanbul'dan Fizan'a sürüldü. 8 Eylül 1897'de İstanbul'dan ayrıldı, sürgün edilen diğer mahkûmlarla Şeref isimli vapurla yaptıkları bir haftalık yolculuktan sonra Trablusgarp'a vardı; onları Fizan'a götürecek yol parası temin edilemediğinden Trablusgarp'ta hapsedildiler. Bir yıl boyunca Trabulusgarp'ta zindanda kaldı. 1898 yılında affedildi ve rütbesi iade edildi. Trablusgarp Fırkası Erkan-ı Harbiye'sinde memuriyete başladı. Eşi Müfide Ferit Hanım ile Trablusgarp'ta bulunduğu sırada tanıştı.

Yusuf Akçura ile birlikte 1900 yılında Trablusgarp kıyılarından bir kayığa binerek Tunus'a ve oradan Paris'e kaçtılar. Fransa'da bir taraftan siyasi faaliyetlere devam ederken diğer taraftan Paris Siyasi İlimler Mektebi'ne (Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques) devam ederek, 29 Haziran 1903 tarihinde okulu yedinci olarak ve onur ödülü alarak bitirdi.

Öğrenci iken, 4 Şubat 1902 tarihinde toplanan I. Jön Türk Kongresi'ne katıldı. Paris'e gelerek Versailles Lisesi'nde öğrenime başlamış olan Müfide Ferit ile 1907'de evlendi. Bu evlilikten 1914 yılında bir kızı (Emel Esin) dünyaya geldi.

Mısır yılları ve yurda dönüşü
1903-1908 yılları arasında kesin olarak belli olmayan bir tarihte Kazan'a gitti ve arkadaşı Yusuf Akçura'yı ziyaret etti. Ziyaretinin ardından, Türkiye'ye dönemediği için Mısır'a yerleşti. Kahire'de yayınlanan Türk gazetesinde yazılar yazdı.

II. Meşrutiyet'in ilanı üzerine 1908 yılında İstanbul'a döndü. Şura-yı Ümmet Gazetesi'nde yazılar yazdı. Mekteb-i Mülkiye'de "18. Asır Siyasi Tarihi" dersleri verdi. 1913 yılında İstanbul'dan uzaklaştırılıncaya kadar bu görevini sürdürdü. Ayrıca 1909 yılında Ahmet Rıza Bey'in teklif ettiği Meclis-i Mebusan başkatipliği görevine atandı.

Siyaset Yaşamı

Meclis-i Mebusan'a Girmesi
Kütahya mebusu Saffet Paşa'nın istifası üzerine Kütahya mebusu seçilerek 18 Kasım 1909 tarihinde itibaren Meclis-i Mebusan'da mebus olarak yer aldı. Mecliste İttihat ve Terakki Fırkası'nı açıkça eleştirmesi, 1909 yılında partiden ihraç edilmesine neden oldu. 1912 seçimlerinde meclis dışında kaldı.

Millî Meşrutiyet Fırkası
5 Temmuz 1912 tarihinde Millî Meşrutiyet Fırkası'nı kurdu. Parti kuruluşunda yer alan diğer arkadaşları Yusuf Akçura, Müderris Zühdü Bey, Mehmed Ali ve Cami Beyler idi. Partinin programında şu fikirler yer alıyordu: Türkler yüzyıllardır İmparatorluğun hudutlarında çarpıştı. Kendi illerini ihmal etmek durumunda kaldılar. Türk illerinin kalbi olan Anadolu bakımsızdır. Türklerin de kendi millî kaderlerini düşünmesi saati çalmıştır.

22 Eylül 1912 tarihinde partinin yayın organı olan İfham Gazetesini yayına çıkarmaya ve "İfham Kütüphanesi" adı altında bir dizi kitap basmaya başladı. Gazetede ateşli yazılar yazdı. Yazılarında Türklük ve İslamiyet dayanışmasına büyük önem verdi. Milliyet fikri ve milliyetçilik ülküsünü gerçeklik şuuru ile dengelemeye, her türlü siyasi düşüncenin üstünde değişmez prensip olarak yerleşmesine büyük önem vermiştir.

Türk Ocağı'nın Kurulması
Türk Ocağı adlı derneğin Askeri Tıbbiyeliler arasında 1911 yılında başlayan kuruluş çalışmaları sırasında Mehmet Emin Bey (Yurdakul) başkanlığında geçici bir idare heyeti kurulmuştu. Resmî olarak 25 Mart 1912 tarihinde kurulan Türk Ocağı'nın ilk Genel Başkanı Mehmet Emin Bey oldu.

Savaş yılları
Balkan Savaşı sırasında Çatalca'daki genel karargâhta yüzbaşı rütbesiyle bir süre görev yaptı ancak Londra Antlaşması'nın imzalanması üzerine yeniden gazetesinin başına döndü. Gazete, Mahmud Şevket Paşa'nın katli hakkındaki bir haber nedeniyle 13 Haziran 1913 günü kapatıldı. Mehmet Emin, önce Sinop'a iki yıl sonra Bilecik'e sürgün edildi. Bu yıllarda en yakın arkadaşı Refik Halit (Karay) oldu. I. Dünya Savaşı, o sürgünde bulunduğu sırada patlak verdi.

İşgal yılları
Savaş sırasında bağımsızlığını kazanan Ukrayna'nın merkezi Kiev'e 1918 yılında başkonsolos tayin edildi. Bir yıl sonra ülke Bolşevik işgaline uğrayınca İstanbul'a döndü.

Bir süre Damat Ferit Paşa kabinesinde Nafia Nazırı (Bayındırlık Bakanı) olarak görev yaptı ve Maliye Nezareti'ne vekalet etti. Millî Meşrutiyet Fırkası'ndaki arkadaşlarıyla Millî Türk Fırkası adında yeni bir milliyetçi siyasi parti kurdu. 12 Ocak 1920 tarihinde toplanacak Son Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı'na tekrar Kütahya mebusu olarak girmek üzere seçimlerde aday oldu, İstanbul mebusu seçildi. Birkaç ay sonra meclis, işgal güçlerinin baskısıyla kapatılınca millî mücadelenin yürütüldüğü Ankara'ya geçti.

Millî Mücadele Yılları
30 Mayıs 1920 tarihinde Ankara'ya geldi ve İstanbul mebusu olarak 1. TBMM'de yerini aldı. Birkaç ay sonra Maliye Bakanı oldu ancak bütçe görüşmelerinde çıkan bir anlaşmazlık sonucu diğer bakanlarla birlikte 16 Mayıs 1921 tarihinde istifa etti. 26 Ekim 1921 tarihinde Bakanlar Kurulu tarafından TBMM Paris temsilcisi olarak atandı, milletvekilliğinden izinli sayıldı. 1923 yılında Lozan görüşmelerine katıldı.

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin ilk İçişleri Bakanı
30 Ekim 1923 tarihinde İsmet Paşa tarafından kurulan ilk cumhuriyet kabinesinde yeni kurulmuş Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin ilk Dahiliye Vekili (İçişleri Bakanı) olarak yer aldı. Görevini, ikinci kabinede de sürdürdü. Bakanlığı sırasında Cumhuriyet tarihinin ilk Köy Kanununu oluşturdu. O devir Anadolu'da yaygın olan eşkıyaya karşı mücadeleye girerek asayişi temin edebildi. Dâhiliye Vekilliği sırasında gerçekleştirdiği diğer önemli icraatı ise Yüzellilikler listesini hazırlamış olmasıdır.

1924'te üç Ermeni zengininin kanun dışı bir şekilde ülkeye girmesine izin vermekten şüpheli bulundu ve tahkikata uğradı. Bu arada 28 Nisan 1924 tarihli gazetelerde, Ferit Bey'in Damat Ferid Paşa kabinesinde Nafia Naziri bulunduğu sırada Milli Hareket aleyhine 8 Temmüz 1919'da Refet Paşa'ya Vekiller Heyti adına çektiği bir şifreli telgrafa dair ifşaat çıktı. Ferit Bey çektiği telgrafın bir parola olduğunu iddia etti. Refet Paşa, Ferit Bey'in Samsun'un İngilizler tarafından işgaline imkan vermeye uğraştığını ve Milli Hareket'i kötülediğini gazetecilere etraflı bir şekilde anlattı. Bu ifşaat neticesinde Ferit Bey 21 Mayıs 1924'te istifa etti.

Diplomatlık Yılları
1925 yılından sonra tamamen Hariciye'nin hizmetine girdi. 6 Mayıs 1925 tarihinde Londra'ya büyükelçi olarak atandı. İngiltere'nin Ankara Büyükelcisi Sir Percy Loraine'e göre, Bolşevik yanlısıydı. Ayrıca frsatçı ve prensipsiz biri olarak tanımladığı Tek'in eşinin Londra Büyükelçiliği'ndeki başarısında büyük bir etken olduğunu söylemektedir. Yedi yıl bu görevi sürdürdükten sonra 1932'de Varşova büyükelçiliğine atandı. Bu görevine de aralıksız yedi yıl devam etti. Bu arada 1934 yılında Soyadı Kanunu'nun çıkması ile "Tek" soyadını aldı. 1939'da merkezde görevlendirildi. Son olarak 5 Aralık 1939 tarihinde Tokyo Büyükelçiliği görevinde bulundu. Yaş haddi gelince, görev süresi bir yıl uzatıldı. 1943 yılında emekliye ayrıldı. 25 Kasım 1971 tarihinde öldü.

Ahmet Ferit Tek, Fransızca ve İngilizce bilmekteydi. İstiklal Madalyası ile Lehistan Devleti Beyaz Kartal Nişanının Büyük Kordonu'na sahipti.

Eserleri
Mekteb-i Mülkiye'de ders verirken okuttuğu takrirleri "Tarih-i Siyasi" (Mekteb-i Mülkiye 1. sınıf için, 1327/1911, 276 s. taşbaskı), "Tarih-i Medeniyet" (Mekteb-i Mülkiye 3. sınıf için, 856 s. taşbaskı) adı altında basılmıştır. Her ikisi de sahalarında yazılmış ilk kitaplar arasındadır ve ders teksiri olduklarından çok az sayıda basılmışlardır.

Sinop'ta sürgün olarak bulunduğu sırada yazıp İstanbul'da yayımlattığı "Turan" (1330/1914) isimli bir de kitabı vardır.

Bunların dışında 1912 tarihinde "Kuvvet ve Siyaset Muharebesi" ile "Kanun-u Esasi-yi Vilayet" isimli iki önemli makalesi, Türk Ocakları yayın organı olan Türk Yurdu Dergisinde çıkmıştır. "Türk Ocağı" adlı makalesi 1914 tarihli Nevsal-i Milli'de yayımlanmıştır. Türk Edebiyatı Dergisinin 1973 Ekim sayısında ise "1972 Başında Dünya Umumi Siyaseti ve Türkiye" isimli yarım kalmış bir makalesi kızı Emel Esin tarafından yayımlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

 Yenal Ünal, "Ahmet Ferit Tek", Bilgeoğuz Yayınları, İstanbul, 2009.
 Necati Akder, "Seçkin Vatansever, Büyük Milliyetçi, Değerli Fikir ve Mefkûre Adamı Ahmet Ferit Üful Etti, Türk Kültürü, sayı: 110, 1971, s. 116–128.
 BAŞBAKANLIK, Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi (BCA), Bakanlar Kurulu Kararlar Kataloğu (BKKK).
 Ali Birinci, Tarihin Gölgesinde Meşahir-i Meçhuleden Birkaç Zat, Dergâh Yayınları, İstanbul, 2001.

1878 doğumlular
1971 yılında ölenler
1908-1912 Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı Kütahya üyeleri
Meclis-i Mebusan 6. dönem İstanbul mebusları
TBMM 1. dönem İstanbul milletvekilleri
TBMM 2. dönem Kütahya milletvekilleri
Türkiye'nin Birleşik Krallık büyükelçileri
Türkiye'nin Polonya büyükelçileri
Türkiye'nin Japonya büyükelçileri
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanları
Umûr-ı Nâfia nâzırları
Bursa doğumlu siyasetçiler
Sahrayıcedid Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
Kuleli Askerî Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
Mekteb-i Harbiye'de öğrenim görenler
Turancılar
Süvari subaylar

Ahmet Ferit Tek


Sister's Slam Dunk (Hangul: 언니들의 슬램덩크; RR: Eonnideurui Seullaemdeongkeu) este o emisiune din Coreea de Sud ce a fost difuzată în fiecare vineri pe programul de televiziune KBS 2TV, începând din 8 aprilie până pe 2 decembrie 2016. Distribuția primului sezon al emisiunii a fost formată în totalitate din femei. Acestea au fost: Ra Mi-ran, Kim Sook, Hong Jin-kyung, Min Hyo-rin, Jessi și Tiffany,ce trebuiau să-și  ducă la îndeplinire visurile, încadrându-se într-un buget de ₩2,196,000 sau aproximativ $2,000.

Starurile coreene au format o trupă numită  "Unnies" (Hangul:언니쓰; RR: Eonnisseu) și au lansat o melodie numită  "Shut Up" ce a fost produsă de Park Jin-young, avându-l ca și colaborator pe You Hee-yeol, în iulie 2016.

Cel de-al 2-lea sezon s-a axat mai mult pe proiectul întemeierii trupei, vis ce a aparținut lui Min Hyo-rin în primul sezon. Subiectul emisiunii urmărește evoluția noii generații a trupei  "Unnies" formată din Kang Ye-won,Han Chae-young,Hong Jin-young, Minzy, Jeon So-mi, Kim Sook și Hong Jin-kyung produsă de Kim Hyeong-seok (mentorul lui Park Jin-young). Îndeplinirea visurilor fiecărei membre au devenit proiecte secundare ale programului TV. Numele fan clubului rămâne  "DongSaengs" (aceasta însemnând frați și surori mai mici) și salutarea oficială, sugerată de Heo Kyung-hwan, este "Shoot! Shoot! Shoot!, Bună! Noi suntem Unnies!", expresie ce pune accentul pe imitarea mișcării aruncării mingii de baschet în timp ce spun "Shoot".

Conținut
Sister's Slam Dunk urmărește formatul genului de "Real Variety Show", unde conținutul acestuia este în mare parte fără scenariu. De asemenea, nu există segmente prescrise în cadrul emisiunii, concentrându-se astfel doar pe finalizarea unui singur obiectiv pe parcursul a mai multor episoade. Asemăn'ându-se cu un reality show, dar totodată cu un documentar, fiecare episod prezintă activitățile la care participă membrele trupei dar și relațiile dintre acestea.  În primul sezon, tema centrală a emisiunii este îndeplinirea visurilor fiecărei membre. Fiecare episod se concentrează pe îndeplinirea a câtorva sarcini ce vor duce la realizarea acelor vise. În ordine cronologică visurile celor 5 sunt:
Kim Sook - Să obțină permis de conducere categoria D. Subiectul central al acestor câteva episoade gravitează mai ales în jurul lui Kim Sook și a lui Jessi. Acestea învață să conducă un autobuz având ca scop final participarea la un examen pentru a putea obține permisul. La finalul examenului doar Kim Sook reușește să obțină permisul de conducere pentru autobuz.
Min Hyo-rin - Să facă parte dintr-o trupă. Pentru îndeplinirea acestui vis membrele se antrenează, atât în ceeea ce privește cântatul cât și dansul pentru a putea debuta ca și o trupă de cântărețe. Acestea formează o trupă, numită "Unnies" și cântă o melodie produsă de către Park Jin-young, fondatorul  companiei JYP Entertainment. Ultima etapă în realizarea visului este participarea la KBS Music Bank.
Jessi - Să-i îndeplinescă trei dorințe tatălui ei: să mănânce un fel de mâncare gătit de fiica lui, să meargă împreună la o plimbare cu mașina și să o vadă cântând pe șcenă. Pasul final pentru îndeplinirea visului este de a crea o nuntă falsă pentru Jessi.
Hong Jin-kyung - Să producă o emisiune care să se numească Hong Jingyeong Show. Pentru îndeplinirea acestui vis membrele emisiunii filmează un film de scurt metraj având ca etapă finală înscrierea acestuia într-un festival de film.
Mi-ran - Să construiască un restaurant, să aibă o ședință foto și să compună o colindă de Crăciun. Pentru îndeplinirea acestui vis, membrele emisiunii renovează o clădire părăsită transformând-o într-un restaurant și își antrenează vocile pentru a putea înregistra o colindă.

În sezonul 2, formatul emisiunii rămâne același, fără scenarii și urmărește activitățile membrelor de-a lungul câtorva zile. Cu toate acestea, tema centrală a emisiunii se concentreză pe continuarea proiectului ce se referă la trupa de fete "Unnies". Episoadele cuprind în conținutul lor drumul fiecărei membre către lansarea melodiei și pregătirea pentru a cânta și dansa pe scenă. Asemănător cu sezonul 1, fiecare episod documentează activitățile fetelor pentru câteva zile și felul în care interacționează una cu cealalta.

Distribuție

Sezonul 1

 Ra Mi-ran, actriță născută în 1975
 Kim Sook, comedian născută în 1975
 Hong Jin-kyung, model și prezentatoare TV născută în 1977
 Min Hyo-rin, actriță născută în 1986
 Jessi, cântăreață născută în 1988
 Tiffany, cântăreață născută în 1989 (se retrage din emisiune în august 2016 în urma unei  controverse)

Sezonul 2

 Kim Sook, comedian născută în 1975
 Hong Jin-kyung, model și prezentatoare TV născută în 1977
 Kang Ye-won, actriță născută în 1980
 Han Chae-young, actriță născută în 1980
 Hong Jin-young, cântăreață născută în 1985
 Minzy, cântăreață născută în 1994
 Jeon So-mi, cântăreață născută în 2001

Episoade

Referințe

Emisiuni de televiziune
Emisiuni din Coreea de Sud

Sister's Slam Dunk


Os Passadiços do Mondego são um conjunto de passadiços de madeira que constituem um itinerário pedestre nas margens do Rio Mondego e Ribeira do Caldeirão. Começa no arco da barragem do Caldeirão e termina junto à aldeia de Videmonte.
Caminhando em passadiços, pontes suspensas e estradões, o percurso dista cerca de 12 quilómetros e soma mais de 600 metros de desnível acumulado.

História
O concurso para a construção foi publicado em Diário da República no dia 28 de maio de 2018 pelo, à altura, presidente de Câmara Municipal da Guarda, Álvaro Amaro.

Abriram ao público no dia 6 de Novembro de 2022 numa cerimónia que contou com a presença da Ministra da Coesão Territorial, Ana Abrunhosa .

Estiveram encerrados no dia 9 de Abril de 2023, dia de Páscoa, devido a um incêndio que deflagrou na União de Freguesias de Mizarela, Pero Soares e Vila Soeiro e que foi extinto antes de se aproximar da infraestrutura.

Rio Mondego
Trilhos e rotas de caminhada de Portugal

Passadiços do Mondego


Jackson C. McDonald né en 1956 en Floride, est un ancien diplomate américain et un officier de carrière du service extérieur américain.

Carrière
Il a été ambassadeur en Guinée de 2004 à 2007. De 2001 à 2004, il a été ambassadeur des États-Unis en république de Gambie .

Biographie et étude
McDonald née en Floride aux États-Unis, a étudié à la Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service de l'université de Georgetown, à l'Institut d'études politiques de Paris connu sous le nom de Sciences Po et à l'École nationale d'administration de Paris.

Carrière
Il a commencé sa carrière dans le service extérieur américain en 1980 en tant que troisième secrétaire et vice-consul à l'ambassade américaine à Dacca, au Bangladesh. De 1982 à 1984, il a été agent de pays pour le Bangladesh au département d'État américain.

En 1984, il s'est porté volontaire à l'ambassade américaine à Beyrouth, au Liban, où il a occupé le poste de deuxième secrétaire aux affaires politiques pendant deux ans.

Après une année de formation en langue russe, McDonald a été premier secrétaire aux affaires politiques à l'ambassade américaine à Moscou, en Union soviétique, de 1990 à 1991. Début 1992, il s'est porté volontaire pour ouvrir l'ambassade américaine à Almaty, au Kazakhstan, où il a d'abord été chargé d'affaires puis chef de mission adjoint jusqu'en 1994. De 1994 à 1997, McDonald a été consul général à Marseille, en France, avec une double accréditation auprès de la Principauté de Monaco .

Diplômé du Senior Seminar du département d'État américain en 1998, il a été nommé chef de mission adjoint à l'ambassade américaine à Abidjan, en Côte d'Ivoire . En octobre 2001, il a prêté serment en tant qu'ambassadeur des États-Unis en république de Gambie, poste qu'il a occupé jusqu'en mai 2004 avant d'être nommé à son poste d'ambassadeur en Guinée.

De 2007 à 2009, McDonald a été conseiller principal pour les négociations et les accords de sécurité au département d'État américain à Washington. À ce titre, il a été le négociateur en chef du gouvernement américain pour les accords politico-militaires avec des gouvernements étrangers afin de soutenir le stationnement et le déploiement de personnel militaire américain à l'étranger. De 2009 à 2010, il a occupé la chaire du département d'État à la faculté du National Defense Intelligence College, avant d'être nommé tout premier conseiller en politique étrangère du commandant du US Cyber Command.

En 2011, McDonald a pris sa retraite du service extérieur américain et a poursuivi son intérêt de toute une vie pour les affaires étrangères en tant que consultant. Il est vice-président exécutif de Jefferson Waterman International, une société internationale de conseil politique et commercial à Washington, DC.

Reconnaissance
McDonald a reçu six fois le Superior Honor Award du département d'État américain ainsi que le Presidential Performance Award.

Il est officier (honoraire) de l'Ordre national de la République de Gambie.

Liens externes

 Département d'État des États-Unis : Biographie de Jackson McDonald

Naissance en 1956
Élève de l'Institut d'études politiques de Paris
Personnalité liée à la Floride

Jackson McDonald


Stephan Franz Lajos (ou Ludwig ) Haynald (3 de outubro de 1816, em Szécsény - 3 de julho de 1891, em Kalocsa ) foi um arcebispo húngaro de Kalocsa-Bács , naturalista e cardeal .

Vida
Tendo completado seus estudos nas escolas secundárias, ingressou no Emericianum em Pozsony (Presburg) em 1830, permanecendo lá por um ano. Estudou filosofia em Nagyszombat (Tyrnau) em 1831, teologia em Viena em 1833; entrou ordens sagradas em 15 de outubro de 1839, e recebeu o grau de Doutor em Teologia em 1841.

Após um breve período de trabalho pastoral, tornou-se professor de teologia no seminário de Esztergom em 1842. O príncipe-primaz József Kopácsy o nomeou secretário em 1846, mas antes de assumir as funções desse cargo, despachou no exterior para estudar a formação de pastores e administração eclesiástica. Haynald provavelmente foi o primeiro húngaro a estudar tais assuntos em países estrangeiros. Ele passou a maior parte do tempo que passou em sua missão em Paris.

Em seu retorno, foi nomeado chanceler-diretor do príncipe-primaz, no início de 1848. Quando o parlamento húngaro proclamou a independência da Hungria em 14 de abril de 1849, Haynald recusou-se a publicar esta declaração. A consequência foi que ele perdeu sua posição, após o que retornou à sua cidade natal Szécsény. No final da Guerra Revolucionária, ele foi restituído ao seu cargo; em 15 de setembro de 1851, foi nomeado coadjutor do bispo da Transilvânia , Nicholas Kovács , a quem sucedeu em 15 de outubro de 1852.

Com a publicação do diploma de outubro, em 1860, Haynald tornou-se um dos defensores da união da Transilvânia com a Hungria. Suas opiniões políticas e suas atividades o levaram a entrar em conflito com o governo vienense. O conde Francis Nádasdy , chefe da Chancelaria da Transilvânia, acusou Haynald de deslealdade. Haynald foi a Viena e apresentou um memorial no qual expôs suas opiniões políticas. Apesar disso, as dissensões entre o governo e Haynald continuaram e resultaram na renúncia de Haynald em 1864.

O Papa Pio IX o convocou a Roma e o nomeou arcebispo titular de Cartago .

Até 1867 esteve em Roma como membro da Congregação para os Assuntos Eclesiásticos Extraordinários . Após a restauração da constituição húngara, Haynald foi nomeado Arcebispo de Kalocsa-Bács, em 1867, por instância do Barão Joseph Eötvös .

Ele desempenhou um papel importante no Concílio Vaticano I de 1870, sendo, com George Strossmayer, bispo de Diakovár, um dos principais opositores do dogma da infalibilidade papal, embora tenha se submetido ao decreto do concílio. O Papa Leão XIII fez de Haynald um cardeal em 12 de maio de 1879.  O Papa Leão deu-lhe seu galero vermelho e designou-lhe a igreja titular de Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri em 22 de setembro.

Como bispo e arcebispo, visava principalmente manter a disciplina eclesiástica e elevar o padrão de estudos nas escolas públicas. Seus legados somaram quase cinco milhões de florins . Ainda jovem padre dedicou-se à botânica e fez uma grande coleção de plantas e de livros, que posteriormente passou a pertencer ao Museu Nacional Húngaro . A Academia Húngara de Ciências fez dele um membro honorário.

A abreviatura de autor padrão Haynald é usada para indicar essa pessoa como autor ao citar um nome botânico .

Cardeais nomeados pelo papa Leão XIII

Lajos Haynald


La Honorable Convención Nacional de la Unión Cívica Radical es la autoridad superior de la Unión Cívica Radical que se encarga de proclamar la fórmula presidencial del partido, dictar y modificar la carta orgánica, elaborar el programa de gobierno, dictar las normas internas y de elección de autoridades del partido, pronunciarse sobre las actividades de los grupos internos del radicalismo y de regular el financiamiento del partido, entre otras cuestiones. Está constituida por delegados de las distintas provincias argentinas y de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Actualmente su presidente es Gastón Manes.

Atribuciones

El Comité Nacional está obligado a hacer cumplir las resoluciones de
la Convención Nacional. A su vez, la Convención Nacional tiene las
siguientes atribuciones designadas por la Carta Orgánica del
partido:
 Elaborar y sancionar el programa del partido para cada período presidencial y las reformas que en su oportunidad sean necesarias.
 Dictar la Carta Orgánica Nacional y sancionar las modificaciones conducentes.
 Sancionar las normas reglamentarias de las elecciones de autoridades nacionales del partido.
 Considerar los informes anuales del Comité Nacional, de la Juventud Radical, de Franja Morada, la Organización de Trabajadores Radicales, los bloques parlamentarios nacionales y de cada uno de sus integrantes y pronunciarse sobre los mismos.
 Dictar las normas reglamentarias del ejercicio de los derechos de iniciativa, revocatoria y referéndum de los afiliados en aquellas cuestiones que por su naturaleza corresponden a las autoridades nacionales del partido.
 Reglamentar la formación del tesoro del partido en el orden nacional de acuerdo con las disposiciones de la presente Carta Orgánica y de las normas de financiamiento de los partidos políticos.
 Establecer las infracciones y sanciones para castigar los actos de inconducta partidaria y disponer amnistías.
 Decidir la intervención a distritos, cuando alguna situación de grave anomalía institucional o política afecte el normal funcionamiento partidario en ese ámbito o cuando las autoridades locales desconozcan o no cumplan las resoluciones de los órganos centrales en materias de competencia nacional, resintiendo en forma grave la unidad partidaria.
 Ratificar, modificar o anular intervenciones a distritos realizadas por el Comité Nacional.
 Decidir la conformación en el orden nacional de coaliciones políticas o alianzas con finalidad electoral, exponiendo los fundamentos que las justifiquen, así como sus términos y alcances.
 Designar la Junta Electoral partidaria para la elección de los candidatos a Presidente y Vicepresidente de la Nación o designar a quienes integrarán ese cuerpo en nombre y representación de partido, cuando se conforme una alianza electoral.

Constitución

Se encuentra constituida por delegados de todas las provincias y de la
capital federal llamados convencionales. Cada convencional tiene un
periodo de 4 años (con posibilidad de reelección) y son elegidos por
el voto directo, secreto y obligatorio de los afiliados. Cada
provincia tiene un número de convencionales proporcionales a la
representación que tenga cada una en el Congreso Nacional, debiendo
acordarse representación a las minorías que alcancen el veinticinco
por ciento de los votos válidos emitidos. Se contempla también un cupo
femenino que debe ser igual al establecido en el Congreso Nacional.
Por sus características, la Convención Nacional se divide internamente
en dos entes internos:

Plenario de Convencionales

Es el encargado de aplicar la gran mayoría de las atribuciones de la
Convención. Se reúne una vez por año en condiciones normales, aunque
puede auto-convocarse o ser convocada por la Mesa Directiva en
cualquier momento del año. Se trata de una reunión de todos los
convencionales nacionales que deben legislar sobre las áreas en las
que la Convención Nacional tiene competencia, pudiendo aprobar,
modificar o rechazar cualquier normativa vigente o sugerida por un
convencional. Es por lo tanto el órgano encargado de modificar la
Carta Orgánica. El Comité Nacional y los bloques parlamentariaos
nacionales estarán representados, respectivamente, en la Convención
Nacional por delegaciones de siete miembros. Si bien la sede oficial
de la Convención Nacional es la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, el plenario
puede reunirse en cualquier parte del país, y de hecho así suele
hacerlo, ya que por lo general cada año lo hace en una ciudad
distinta.

Mesa Directiva

La Mesa Directiva es la máxima autoridad dentro de la propia
Convención y tiene a su cargo la representación de la misma durante el
receso del Plenario de Convencionales, así como también las tareas
administrativas. Se encuentra constituida por un presidente, dos
vicepresidentes y cuatro secretarios. El Presidente de la Mesa
Directiva de la Convención Nacional tiene bajo su cargo la convocatoria a elecciones
internas para definir candidatos presidenciales, la publicación de la
Carta Orgánica y sus modificaciones, la publicación de documentos
oficiales del partido, la formación y conservación de la biblioteca de
historia y doctrina partidaria. Además podrá designar una Comisión
Federal (consultiva y no vinculante) que podrá expedirse sobre los
temas incluidos en el Orden del Día de la convocatoria del plenario,
siguiendo el orden establecido en el mismo.

Referencias

Unión Cívica Radical


La iglesia de Santiago el Real es la iglesia de origen más antiguo de la ciudad de Logroño. Los historiadores Albia de Castro y José Gómez sostienen que Santiago predicó por la zona (asocian la actual Logroño con la Juliobriga romana), y que su discípulo Arcadio, fundó en el mismo lugar el primer templo cristiano del poblado.
Es probable que su origen se remonte a esta cripta de los primeros años de la cristianización de la zona. En el año 844, tras la Batalla de Clavijo, se amplía construyendo encima en estilo románico que es destruido casi por completo en un incendio.
Entre los años 1513 y 1527 se realiza la obra de la iglesia actual y entre 1570 y 1573 se construye la torre.

La iglesia consta de una única nave en salón, sin columnas y de amplias dimensiones: 42m de longitud desde el ábside hasta la entrada del coro, 15m de achura con una altura de 24m desde las claves más altas. Está distribuida con cuatro pares de contrafuertes de sección rectangular en el exterior y octogonal en el interior, y suben unos 15m, donde continúan en forma de arco formando una bóveda estrellada. Entre los contrafuertes podemos encontrar capillas rematas con un arco apuntado y una pequeña bóveda.

Tiene incoado expediente como Bien de Interés Cultural en la categoría de Monumento desde el 28 de mayo de 1981.

La iglesia primitiva

Ya desde la prehistoria, había por la zona múltiples cuevas usadas como vivienda, que más tarde se usaron con otros fines. Las de Logroño recibieron el nombre de «excuevas». El templo se origina en una de esas cuevas como un lugar de reunión y refugio fuera de la urbe para los primeros cristianos, y más tarde, cuando el culto cristiano se dejó de perseguir gracias al decreto de Constantino se alzó una humilde iglesia que sería destruida en un incendio en 1500.

Se cuenta, aunque sin corroborar, que fue erigida por el obispo Arcadio en el lugar en el que predicó el apóstol Santiago. Más tarde, en el año 844, en la época de la Batalla de Clavijo, se amplía.

Bajo el ábside del templo actual hay una pequeña cripta con muros que ocultan enterramientos (la legislación romana prohibía enterrar cuerpos en el recinto de la ciudad). Fue cubierta con una bóveda de crucería al reconstruir la iglesia superior, constituyendo una muestra de respeto al haber, no solo conservado, sino arreglado el recinto, lo que lleva a pensar que podría tratarse de la iglesia original y realmente la primera iglesia de la ciudad de Logroño.

La iglesia actual

La iglesia actual se comienza inmediatamente tras el incendio de la anterior, en  1500 y finaliza en 1527, acabando su única nave central, de 20m de anchura, y el crucero, y en las siguientes décadas se añaden tres tramos más y la sacristía.

La portada, renacentista, es encargada a Juan Raón y realizada entre 1669 y 1672. Son de Juan de Amezqueta el Santiago Peregrino, los jarrones y los escudos, y el Santiago Matamoros de un autor flamenco desconocido y data de 1737. En un principio todo el conjunto estaba al aire libre, pero se construyó la arcada de ladrillo y yeso imitando la sillería para protegerlos de la intemperie.

En 1667 se encarga también a Juan Raón la sustitución del coro alto por uno bajo con trascoro, se inicia la obra y se rompen los muros del oeste, pero no se continua. Aun así se construye el coro bajo. De la sillería se encarga Martín de Lizarazo y de la reja, en 1676, el cerrajero Sebastián de Medina, autor también de la del monasterio de San Millán. En 1766 se realizan las conchas en las esquinas que enmarcan el coro y en 1773 Esteban de San Juan hace el órgano. Del  son también la sacristía la sala capitular.

La torre
Es de planta cuadrada, de 8m cada lado, y de una altura de 40m. Está dividida por molduras en cinco secciones, teniendo en la última en cada lado dos vanos para las campanas acabados en arcos semicirculares.

La construcción se comienza en 1570, a manos de Martín y Juan Landerrain, y es finalizada por el hijo de Juan, Martín de Landerrain tras la muerte de estos en 1573. En 1778 el arquitecto Juan Antonio Oteiza y Santos Balsameda cambia el chapitel de madera por uno octogonal de ladrillo emulando a las torres de Santa María de la Redonda, pero en 1902 el arquitecto Luis Barrón decide desmontarlo, ya que su peso (300 toneladas) estaba desestabilizando la torre y provocó de hecho la gran grieta del lado occidental de la torre.

El retablo

Aunque los hubo anteriores el retablo actual fue encargado a Mateo Zabalia, pero este muere sin poder acabarlo en 1653, por lo que se contrata a Francisco de Ureta para finalizar los relieves del banco, pero tampoco puedo, así que finalmente contratan a Diego Jiménez «El Joven» en 1656 para que los acabe.
Este consta de tres pisos con cinco calles y ático rematado en arco.

En el primer piso tenemos a Santiago a caballo, San Pedro, San Pablo y Santiago decapitado.

En el segundo, en la izquierda, San Isidoro y San Juan Bautista, a la derecha, San Jerónimo con el arca que contiene los restos de Santiago, y en el centro una imagen gótica de Santiago Peregrino, gótica, del .

En el tercer piso, la Batalla de Clavijo, Santiago el Menor, la Asunción, San Felipe y la aparición de la Virgen del Pilar a Santiago.

En el ático, San Antonio Abad, Santa Tecla, y en el centro una crucifixión con San Juan y la Virgen a los pies.

El retablo permaneció en madera limpia hasta que en 1740, Don Manuel de Samaniego y Jaca, arzobispo de Burgos lo doró y estofó corriendo con los gastos.
En 2001 se baja el crucifijo del ático y se coloca en la capilla de la derecha del coro. Es un Cristo románico (s. XIII aunque posibemente pintado en el XV) con la curiosidad de tener dos llagas laterales.

A la izquierda del retablo encontramos un relicario barroco del  de José de San Juan, y a la derecha, en un hueco que cierra una verja se puede leer a los pies de dos escudos de la ciudad una inscripción tallada en caracteres romanos: «ESTE ES EL ARCHIBO DE STA MVI NOBLE Y MVI LEAL CIVDAD DE LOGROÑO» ya que hasta 1572 se realizaban en este lugar las reuniones del Concejo logroñés.

La Virgen de la Esperanza

La imagen de la Virgen de la Esperanza, patrona y alcaldesa mayor de Logroño, fue colocada en parte baja del retablo en la reforma realizada en los años 1966-1967. Es una figura gótica del s.XIV bien conservada, de estilo sedente. Sonríe y mantiene al niño sentado mirando al frente. La tradición cuenta que se le encomendó la ciudad durante el sitio de la ciudad en 1521 por el ejército francés.

Cada año sale en procesión el 11 de junio, acompañando al patrón San Bernabé en sus fiestas y durante las realizadas en su honor, el 18 de diciembre.

Capillas y coro

Destaca la capilla de Santa Elena, en cargada a Juan Raón por la familia Espinosa en 1666, se encuentra a la derecha del retablo. En 1939 se abrió un acceso a la sacristía a través de ella. Y la de Santa Catalina con los sepulcros de Diego de la Estrella y María de Cabredo esculpidos por Juan de Anchieta bajo dos arcos.

El coro fue ideado originariamente por Juan Raón. Hubo que derribar el anterior coro alto. Las obras se acabaron en 1668 y fueron llevadas a cabo por Martín de Soloa y Vicente de Arresse. El cerramiento, de 1676, es obra de Sebastián de Medina.

Véase también
 Iglesia de Santa María de Palacio (Logroño)
 Iglesia de San Bartolomé (Logroño)
 Anexo:Bienes de Interés Cultural de La Rioja (España)

Referencias

 Carlos Álvarez González, Folleto del taller ¿Conoces Logroño? 2002-2003, Universidad Popular de Logroño. DL: LR-484-2002
 Rugo de Seya, Las parroquias de Logroño Volumen 2 de Temas y Autores Riojanos, pág 89-97, Wilsen, 1989, Facsímil de la edición de Logroño de 1941. ISBN 84-85918-45-2
 Cofradía de la Virgen de La Esperanza
 Módulo de Promoción y desarrollo de la escuela taller «Puente de Piedra», Guía de las parroquias antiguas de Logroño, 1992, Ayuntamiento de Logroño, ISBN 84-8537549-1

Logroño
Logroño
Logroño
Bienes de interés cultural de La Rioja
Edificios y estructuras de Logroño
Monumentos del Camino de Santiago
Arquitectura de 1527
España en 1527
Elementos asociados con el Camino de Santiago (Unesco) en La Rioja
Real Logronzzo

Iglesia de Santiago el Real (Logroño)


Ballerinaskørt er et skørt, der når ned til midten af læggen eller umiddelbart over anklen. Det bæres typisk som kostume under ballet. Den er normal fremstillet af mange lag tekstil. I 1950'erne blev det også populært som en del af en casual beklædning.

Ballerinaskørter har længe været en populær længde til formelle kjoler særligt for unge kvinder. Blandt de mest berømte bærere af et ballerinaskørt er den russiske balletdanser Anna Pavlova. De tidlige ballerinaskørter var tunge, klodsede og uhåndterlige, og de begrænsede danserne bevægelser en del. I begyndelsen af 1900-tallet blev skørtet gjort kortere, så de kun gik til knæet for at gøre det nemmere at bevæge sig i.

Ballerinaskørter bliver typisk lavet af fem til 12 lag af tylstof.

Se også
 Tutu

Referencer

Strutskørter

Ballerinaskørt


مطار القدس الدولي  أو كما تشيع تسميته مطار قلنديا، هو مطار إقليمي غير مستخدم حاليًا، يقع بين مدينتي القدس ورام الله قرب بلدة قلنديا. بدأ تأسيسه عام 1920 وافتتح عام 1924 وكان أول مطار للانتداب البريطاني في فلسطين.

استخدمت الخطوط الملكية الأردنية المطار وبدأت برحلات تجارية يومية من وإلى المطار قبل عام 1967 أثناء الإدارة الأردنية للضفة الغربية. بعد الاحتلال الإسرائيلي للضفة الغربية، سيطرت إسرائيل على المطار. وقامت بضمه إليها عام 1981 بموجب قانون القدس. بعد ذلك، قامت أركيا والخطوط الجوية الإسرائيلية بتشغيل رحلات تجارية يومية من وإلى المطار بين عامي 1967 و2001، وأطلقت عليه اسم «مطار عطروت» عندما أغلق المطار أمام حركة المدنيين بعد اندلاع الانتفاضة الفلسطينية الثانية في عام 2000.

يظهر المطار أحيانًا برمزين مختلفين من منظمة الطيران المدني الدولي. تستخدم منظمة الطيران المدني الدولي الرمز (LL) للمطارات في إسرائيل، و(OJ) هو الرمز الخاص بالأردن.

التاريخ

كان مطار قلنديا المطار الوحيد في الفترة 1924 إلى 1927 في عهد الانتداب البريطاني على فلسطين. استخدمته السلطات العسكرية البريطانية وضيوفهم البارزين المتوجهين إلى القدس. في عام 1931، صادرت سلطات الانتداب البريطاني 200 دونمًا لتوسعة مطار قلنديا من أراضٍ استولى عليها مستعمرون يهود أنشئوا مستوطنة عطروت حيث هدمت منازل واقتلعت بساتين، وألحقت ضررًا بنمو المستعمرة. في عام 1936، تم فتح المطار للرحلات الجوية المنتظمة. [10]

نتيجة أحداث الحرب العربية الإسرائيلية في عام 1948، حاصر الجيش الأردني عطروت، ولاحقًا قررت قيادة عصابة الهاجاناه الصهيونية إخلاء مقاتليها في 17 مايو 1948. دمر الجيش الأردني المستوطنة وسيطر على المطار، وحول أرضها إلى امتداد لمطار قلنديا الدولي. استمرت السيادة الأردنية على المطار حتى عام 1967 وكانت منظمة الطيران المدني الدولي ترمز له بـ (OJJR).

بعد حرب الأيام الستة عام 1967، استولى الاحتلال الإسرائيلي على مطار قلنديا الدولي كحال بقية الضفة الغربية. وتم ضم المنطقة إلى بلدية القدس الكبرى، وتم تطوير منطقة صناعية قرب المطار، كما أُعيد تسمية المطار باسم مطار عطروت الدولي، وتم إعطاؤه الرمز (LLJR) من منظمة الطيران المدني الدولي.

خلال فترة سبعينيات وثمانينيات القرن العشرين، طورت سلطات الاحتلال الإسرائيلي المطار، ولكن سلطات الطيران الدولية، أخذت بعين الاعتبار أن المطار يقع ضمن أراضٍ احتلتها إسرائيل عام 1967 ولم تسمح بهبوط الرحلات الدولية فيه. لذلك اقتصر استخدام المطار على الرحلات الداخلية والمستأجرة.

خلال الانتفاضة الفلسطينية الثانية، أُغلق المطار نتيجة تعرضه لعمليات فدائية فلسطينية بسبب قربه من مدينة رام الله في أكتوبر 2000، وبحلول يوليو 2001 سُلم رسميًا إلى الجيش الإسرائيلي.

قدمت إسرائيل المطار في قمة كامب ديفيد 2000 على أنه ضمن المنطقة الإسرائيلية في القدس. لكن الوفد الفلسطيني، رفض ذلك حيث اعتبره كمطار وطني للفلسطينيين. اقترح يوسي بيلين أن يتم استخدام المطار بشكل مشترك كجزء من تقاسم القدس الشامل بين إسرائيل والسلطة الفلسطينية، مستشهدًا بالنموذج الناجح لمطار جنيف الدولي، الذي تستخدمه سويسرا وفرنسا.

في فبراير 2012 حولت إسرائيل المطار إلى منطقة صناعية.

في عام 2020، قدمت وزارة الإسكان الإسرائيلية مخططًا لبلدية القدس تقضي ببناء حي استيطاني ضخم على أراضي المطار وبلدة قلنديا يشمل 9,000 وحدة سكنية ومبان تجارية وأخرى صناعية، بالإضافة إلى فندق ضخم سيتخذ من قاعة الاستقبال والمغادرة في «المطار» مركزًا له.

السينما
تطرق فيلم حرب الزومبي العالمية إلى المطار حيث صوره كمطار إسرائيلي رئيسي مدافع عن وباء الزومبي. في الواقع تم تصوير جميع المشاهد الإسرائيلية الواردة في الفيلم في مالطا.

المراجع

النقل في القدس
تأسيسات سنة 1920 في الانتداب البريطاني على فلسطين
تأسيسات سنة 1924 في الانتداب البريطاني على فلسطين
مبان ومنشآت في القدس
القدس الدولي
مطارات في الضفة الغربية
مطارات لها تاريخ
مطارات مهجورة
مطارات سابقة في إسرائيل

مطار القدس الدولي


An auditor is a person or a firm appointed by a company to execute an audit. To act as an auditor, a person should be certified by the regulatory authority of accounting and auditing or possess certain specified qualifications. Generally, to act as an external auditor of the company, a person should have a certificate of practice from the regulatory authority.

Types of auditors
 External auditor/ Statutory auditor is an independent firm engaged by the client subject to the audit, to express an opinion on whether the company's financial statements are free of material misstatements, whether due to fraud or error.  For publicly traded companies, external auditors may also be required to express an opinion over the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting. External auditors may also be engaged to perform other agreed-upon procedures, related or unrelated to financial statements. Most importantly, external auditors, though engaged and paid by the company being audited, should be regarded as independent.
 Internal Auditors are employed by the organizations they audit. They work for government agencies (federal, state and local); for publicly traded companies; and for non-profit companies across all industries. The internationally recognised standard setting body for the profession is the Institute of Internal Auditors - IIA (www.theiia.org). The IIA has defined internal auditing as follows: "Internal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization's operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes".

References

External links

Auditing
Accountancy occupations

Auditor


Haçmaz - (Azerice: Xaçmaz rayonu, Lezgice: Муьшкуьр район), Azerbaycan'da rayon. Merkezi Haçmaz şehridir.

Coğrafya

Haçmaz Rayonu, Azerbaycanın kuzeyinde yer almaktadır.

Ekonomi
Haçmaz'da ziraat önemlidir. Meyve, sebze ve tahıl yetiştirilir. Turizm potansiyeli güçlüdür. Hazar denizinin kıyısında ve Rusya  ile sınırı bulunmaktadır.

Not

Azerbaycan'ın en uç noktaları

Haçmaz (rayon)


En telecomunicaciones, un enlace de datos (en inglés: data link) es el medio de conexión entre dos lugares con el propósito de transmitir y recibir información. Puede hacer referencia a un conjunto de componentes electrónicos, que consisten en un transmisor y un receptor (dos piezas de un equipo terminal de datos) y el circuito de telecomunicación de datos de interconexión. Esto se rige por un protocolo de enlace que permite que los datos digitales puedan ser transferidos desde una fuente de datos a un receptor de datos.

Existen al menos tres configuraciones básicas para un enlace de datos:
Símplex, todas las comunicaciones se realizan en una única dirección.
Semidúplex, las comunicaciones se realizan en ambas direcciones, pero no al mismo tiempo.
Dúplex, las comunicaciones se realizan en ambas direcciones simultáneamente.

Véase también
 Telecomunicación
 Ordenador
 Equipo terminal de datos

Datos informáticos
Telecomunicaciones

Enlace de datos


Mai jos este o listă de obiecte artificiale care au părăsit Sistemul Solar. Toate aceste obiecte sunt sonde spatiale lansate de NASA.

Sonde de explorare planetară

Pioneer 10 – Lansată în 1972, a zburat pe lângă Jupiter în 1973. Contactul a fost pierdut în ianuarie 2003 iar nava se îndreaptă în direcția Aldebaran (aflat la 65 de ani lumină depărtare) în constelația Taurul.
Pioneer 11 – Lansată în 1973, a zburat pe lângă Jupiter în 1974 și Saturn în 1979. Contactul a fost pierdut în noiembrie 1995. Nava se îndreaptă spre constelația Vulturul, la nord-vest de constelația Săgetătorul. Cu excepția unui incident, Pioneer 11 va trece în apropierea uneia dintre stelele din constelație în aproximativ 4 milioane de ani.
Voyager 2 – Lansată în august 1977, a zburat pe lângă Jupiter în 1979, Saturn în 1981, Uranus în 1986 și Neptun în 1989. Nava a părăsit heliosfera și a intrat în spațiul interstelar la 5 noiembrie 2018. Voyager 2 este încă activă. Nu se îndreaptă spre nici o stea anume, deși în aproximativ 40.000 de ani ar trebui să treacă la 1,7 ani-lumină de steaua Ross 248. Dacă nu este deranjată timp de 296.000 de ani, ar trebui să treacă pe lângă steaua Sirius la o distanță de 4,3 ani-lumină.
Voyager 1 – Lansată în septembrie 1977, a zburat pe lângă Jupiter în 1979 și Saturn în 1980, făcând o abordare specială de apropiere de satelitul lui Saturn, Titan. Nava a trecut de heliopauză la 25 august 2012 și a intrat în spațiul interstelar.  Voyager 1 este încă activă. Se îndreaptă spre o întâlnire cu steaua AC +79 3888, care se află la 17,6 ani-lumină de Pământ, în aproximativ 40.000 de ani.
New Horizons – Lansată în 2006, a zburat pe lângă Jupiter în 2007 și Pluto la 14 iulie 2015. A zburat pe lângă obiectul 486958 Arrokoth din centura Kuiper la 1 ianuarie 2019, ca parte a Kuiper Belt Extended Mission (KEM). New Horizons este încă activă.

Distanța și viteza față de Soare
Tabelul de mai jos este aranjat pornind de la cea mai îndepărtată sondă de Soare. Pentru comparație, distanța medie a lui Pluto (axa semi-majoră) este de aproximativ 40 AU.

Sursa: Heavens Above și JPL

Viteza de evadare solară este o funcție a distanței (r) de la centrul Soarelui, dată de:

unde produsul G Msun este parametrul gravitațional heliocentric. Viteza inițială necesară pentru a scăpa de Soare de la suprafața sa este de 618 km/s, și coboară până la 42,1 km/s la distanța Pământului de Soare (1 AU) și 4,21 km/s la o distanță de 100 AU.

Note

Legături externe
Spacecraft escaping the Solar System in heavens-above.com
NASA = Explaining planetary gravity assists

Obiecte artificiale
Nave spațiale care au părăsit sistemul solar
Sonde spațiale

Lista obiectelor artificiale care au părăsit sistemul solar


Georg Christof Reinhart (auch: Georges Reinhart; * 21. März 1838 in Worms; † 30. April 1899 ebenda) war ein Lederfabrikant und großherzoglich hessischer Kommerzienrat in Worms.

Leben und Wirken
Er war der Sohn der aus Mainz nach Worms verzogenen Eheleute Nikolaus Andreas Reinhart I. (1809–1871) und Maria Elisabeth, geb. Schmitt (1810–1868). Der Vater, ein Gerber, erwarb 1836 die Gerberei Daniel Löb in Worms und gründete 1840 gemeinsam mit dem ebenfalls aus Mainz stammenden Johann Baptist Doerr (1811–1892) eine Lacklederfabrik, die zu einem der bedeutendsten Industriebetriebe der Stadt aufstieg. Sie firmierte unter der Bezeichnung "Doerr & Reinhart" und war die erste von katholischen Unternehmern gegründete bzw. betriebene Fabrik in Worms.

Als der Vater 1871 starb, trat Georg Christof Reinhart in der Lederfabrik seine Nachfolge an.
Er wurde dabei unterstützt vom Mitbegründer Johann Baptist Doerr, von dessen Sohn Fritz Doerr sowie von seinem eigenen Bruder Nikolaus Andreas Reinhart II.  (1841–1910), der jedoch seit 1878 auch gleichzeitig Abgeordneter in der 2. Kammer des Hessischen Landtages war. Seine Schwester Anna Reinhart (1836–1901) hatte 1853 den Firmen-Mitgründer Johann Baptist Doerr geheiratet, wodurch sich die Fabrik ausschließlich im Familienbesitz befand. Sie war auch Inhaberin des seltenen Verdienstkreuzes für Frauen und Jungfrauen 1870/71.

Die Firma  "Doerr & Reinhart" bewies ein großes Verantwortungsbewusstsein um das Wohlergehen ihrer Arbeitskräfte. Vorbildlich waren die frühzeitige Einrichtung einer firmeneigenen Konsumanstalt, einer Brotbäckerei und einer Speiseanstalt sowie einer Medikamenten-Kasse, die 1884 in eine Betriebskrankenkasse umgewandelt wurde. 1889 rief die Werksleitung einen Arbeiterausschuss ins Leben und ließ kostengünstige Arbeiterhäuser errichten. 1880 beschäftigte der Betrieb bereits 700 Arbeiter.

Familie
Georg Christof Reinhart, welchem der Titel eines großherzoglichen Kommerzienrates verliehen wurde, war mit Anna Clara Josepha Hundhausen (1843–1926) verheiratet, Tochter des Notars Ludwig Hundhausen in Gau-Algesheim und dessen Frau Susanna Anna Valckenberg, einer Enkeltochter des früheren Wormser Bürgermeisters Peter Joseph Valckenberg (1764–1837).

Reinharts Schwager (Bruder seiner Frau) war der katholische Priester und Mainzer Theologieprofessor Ludwig Joseph Hundhausen (1835–1900).

Das Paar hatte 6 Kinder:
 Nikolaus Ludwig Reinhart (1871–1947), Mitinhaber der Firma, verheiratet mit Caroline geb. Fech (1877–1947)
 Ludwig Reinhart (1877–1925), Mitinhaber der Firma
 Georg Nikolaus Reinhart (1880–1956), Direktor der Siemens-Schuckertwerke
 Susanna Reinhart (1867–1952), verheiratet mit Georg Perschke, Offizier (1861–1905)
 Elisabeth Anna Maria Reinhart (1868–1942), verheiratet seit 1889 mit dem späteren hessischen Innenminister Fritz Albert Johann Eduard Adolf von Hombergk zu Vach (1857–1935)
 Julie Sophie Marie Reinhart (1871–1954), verheiratet seit 1895 mit Friedrich von Wachter, preußischer Generalmajor (1857–1926)

Georg Christof Reinhart und seine Gattin Anna geb. Hundhausen wurden auf dem Wormser Hauptfriedhof Hochheimer Höhe beigesetzt, wo sich ihr aufwändiges Granitgrabmal, in dezidiert katholischen Schmuckformen (Kruzifix, IHS- sowie PX-Monogramm), erhalten hat.

Literatur
 Gedenkblätter zur Jubelfeier des 50jährigen Bestehens des Hauses Doerr & Reinhart in Worms: 1840 - 1890, Kranzbühler, Worms, 1890; Digitalisat
 Die Lederwerke Doerr & Reinhart, Worms: Ein geschichtlicher Rückblick, 1926; Findhinweis
 Martina Rommel: Die Wormser und ihre Stadt, 1750-1875: Demographische, soziale und konfessionelle Aspekte des Wandels von der Ackerbürger- zur Fabrikarbeiterstadt, Hessische Historische Kommission, 1996, Seite 83, ISBN 3884431994.

Weblinks

 Datenseite zur Firma Doerr & Reinhart, Worms
 Genealogische Webseite zur Familie Valckenberg, mit genauer Auflistung der Familienverhältnisse von Georg Christof Reinhart

Einzelnachweise

Industrieller
Person (Worms)
Deutscher
Geboren 1838
Gestorben 1899
Mann

Georg Christof Reinhart