Nimrud (;  ) is an ancient Assyrian city (original Assyrian name Kalḫu, biblical name Calah) located in Iraq,  south of the city of Mosul, and  south of the village of Selamiyah (), in the Nineveh Plains in Upper Mesopotamia. It was a major Assyrian city between approximately 1350 BC and 610 BC. The city is located in a strategic position  north of the point that the river Tigris meets its tributary the Great Zab. The city covered an area of . The ruins of the city were found within  of the modern-day Assyrian village of Noomanea in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq.

The name Nimrud was recorded as the local name by Carsten Niebuhr in the mid-18th century. In the mid 19th century, biblical archaeologists proposed the Assyrian name Kalḫu (the Biblical Calah), based on a description of the travels of Nimrod in Genesis 10.

Archaeological excavations at the site began in 1845, and were conducted at intervals between then and 1879, and then from 1949 onwards. Many important pieces were discovered, with most being moved to museums in Iraq and abroad. In 2013, the UK's Arts and Humanities Research Council funded the "Nimrud Project", directed by Eleanor Robson, whose aims were to write the history of the city in ancient and modern times, to identify and record the dispersal history of artefacts from Nimrud, distributed amongst at least 76 museums worldwide (including 36 in the United States and 13 in the United Kingdom).

In 2015, the terrorist organization Islamic State announced its intention to destroy the site because of its "un-Islamic" Assyrian nature. In March 2015, the Iraqi government reported that Islamic State had used bulldozers to destroy excavated remains of the city. Several videos released by ISIL showed the work in progress. In November 2016, Iraqi forces retook the site, and later visitors also confirmed that around 90% of the excavated portion of city had been completely destroyed. The ruins of Nimrud have remained guarded by Iraqi forces ever since. Reconstruction work is in progress.

Early history

Foundation
The Assyrian king Shalmaneser I (1274–1245 BC) built up Kalḫu into a major city during the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365–1050 BC). However, the ancient city of Assur remained the capital of Assyria, as it had been since c. 2600 BC.

Capital of the Empire
The city gained fame when king Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–605 BC) made it his capital at the expense of Assur. He built a large palace and temples in the city, which had fallen into a degree of disrepair during the Bronze Age Collapse of the mid-11th to mid-10th centuries BC. Thousands of men worked to build an  wall surrounding the city and a grand palace. There were many inscriptions carved into limestone including one that said: "The palace of cedar, cypress, juniper, boxwood, mulberry, pistachio wood, and tamarisk, for my royal dwelling and for my lordly pleasure for all time, I founded therein. Beasts of the mountains and of the seas, of white limestone and alabaster I fashioned and set them up on its gates." The inscriptions also described plunder stored at the palace: "Silver, gold, lead, copper and iron, the spoil of my hand from the lands which I had brought under my sway, in great quantities I took and placed therein." The inscriptions also described great feasts he had to celebrate his conquests. However his victims were horrified by his conquests. The text also said: "Many of the captives I have taken and burned in a fire. Many I took alive; from some I cut off their hands to the wrists, from others I cut off their noses, ears and fingers; I put out the eyes of many of the soldiers. I burned their young men, women and children to death." About a conquest in another vanquished city he wrote: "I flayed the nobles as many as rebelled; and [I] spread their skins out on the piles." He wanted the city to become the grandest and most luxuriant in the empire. He created a zoo and botanical gardens in the city which also featured exotic animals, trees and flowers he had brought back from his military campaigns.

A grand opening ceremony with festivities and an opulent banquet in 864 BC is described in an inscribed stele discovered during archeological excavations. By 800 BC Nimrud had grown to 75,000 inhabitants making it the largest city in the world.

King Ashurnasirpal's son Shalmaneser III (858–823 BC) continued where his father had left off. At Nimrud he built a palace that far surpassed his father's. It was twice the size and it covered an area of about  and included more than 200 rooms. He built the monument known as the Great Ziggurat, and an associated temple.

Nimrud remained the capital of the Assyrian Empire during the reigns of Shamshi-Adad V (822–811 BC), Adad-nirari III (810–782 BC), Queen Semiramis (810–806 BC), Adad-nirari III (806–782 BC), Shalmaneser IV (782–773 BC), Ashur-dan III (772–755 BC), Ashur-nirari V (754–746 BC), Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC) and Shalmaneser V (726–723 BC). Tiglath-Pileser III in particular, conducted major building works in the city, as well as introducing Eastern Aramaic as the lingua franca of the empire, whose dialects still endure among the Christian Assyrians of the region today.

However, in 706 BC Sargon II (722–705 BC) moved the capital of the empire to Dur Sharrukin, and after his death, Sennacherib (705–681 BC) moved it to Nineveh. It remained a major city and a royal residence until the city was largely destroyed during the fall of the Assyrian Empire at the hands of an alliance of former subject peoples, including the Babylonians, Chaldeans, Medes, Persians, Scythians, and Cimmerians (between 616 BC and 599 BC).

Later geographical writings
Ruins of a similarly located Assyrian city named "Larissa" were described by Xenophon in his Anabasis in the 5th century BC.

A similar locality was described in the Middle Ages by a number of Arabic geographers including Yaqut al-Hamawi, Abu'l-Fida and Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi, using the name "Athur" (meaning Assyria) near Selamiyah.

Archaeology

Early writings and debate over name

Nimrud
The name Nimrud in connection with the site in Western writings was first used in the travelogue of Carsten Niebuhr, who was in Mosul in March 1760. Niebuhr

In 1830, traveller James Silk Buckingham wrote of "two heaps called Nimrod-Tuppé and Shah-Tuppé... The Nimrod-Tuppé has a tradition attached to it, of a palace having been built there by Nimrod".

However, the name became the cause of significant debate amongst Assyriologists in the mid-nineteenth century, with much of the discussion focusing on the identification of four Biblical cities mentioned in Genesis 10: "From that land he went to Assyria, where he built Nineveh, the city Rehoboth-Ir, Calah and Resen".

Larissa / Resen
The site was described in more detail by the British traveler Claudius James Rich in 1820, shortly before his death. Rich identified the site with the city of Larissa in Xenophon, and noted that the locals "generally believe this to have been Nimrod's own city; and one or two of the better informed with whom I conversed at Mousul said it was Al Athur or Ashur, from which the whole country was denominated."

The site of Nimrud was visited by William Francis Ainsworth in 1837. Ainsworth, like Rich, identified the site with Larissa (Λάρισσα) of Xenophon's Anabasis, concluding that Nimrud was the Biblical Resen on the basis of Bochart's identification of Larissa with Resen on etymological grounds.

Rehoboth
The site was subsequently visited by James Phillips Fletcher in 1843. Fletcher instead identified the site with Rehoboth on the basis that the city of Birtha described by Ptolemy and Ammianus Marcellinus has the same etymological meaning as Rehoboth in Hebrew.

Ashur
Sir Henry Rawlinson mentioned that the Arabic geographers referred to it as Athur. British traveler Claudius James Rich mentions, "one or two of the better informed with whom I conversed at Mosul said it was Al Athur or Ashur, from which the whole country was denominated."

Nineveh
Prior to 1850, Layard believed that the site of "Nimroud" was part of the wider region of "Nineveh" (the debate as to which excavation site represented the city of Nineveh had yet to be resolved), which also included the two mounds today identified as Nineveh-proper, and his excavation publications were thus labeled.

Calah
Henry Rawlinson identified the city with the Biblical Calah on the basis of a cuneiform reading of "Levekh" which he connected to the city following Ainsworth and Rich's connection of Xenophon's Larissa to the site.

Excavations

Initial excavations at Nimrud were conducted by Austen Henry Layard, working from 1845 to 1847 and from 1849 until 1851. Following Layard's departure, the work was handed over to Hormuzd Rassam in 1853-54 and then William Loftus in 1854–55.

After George Smith briefly worked the site in 1873 and Rassam returned there from 1877 to 1879, Nimrud was left untouched for almost 60 years.

A British School of Archaeology in Iraq team led by Max Mallowan resumed digging at Nimrud in 1949; these excavations resulted in the discovery of the 244 Nimrud Letters. The work continued until 1963 with David Oates becoming director in 1958 followed by Julian Orchard in 1963.

Subsequent work was by the Directorate of Antiquities of the Republic of Iraq (1956, 1959–60, 1969–78 and 1982–92), the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw directed by Janusz Meuszyński (1974–76), Paolo Fiorina (1987–89) with the Centro Ricerche Archeologiche e Scavi di Torino who concentrated mainly on Fort Shalmaneser, and John Curtis (1989). In 1974 to his untimely death in 1976 Janusz Meuszyński, the director of the Polish project, with the permission of the Iraqi excavation team, had the whole site documented on film—in slide film and black-and-white print film. Every relief that remained in situ, as well as the fallen, broken pieces that were distributed in the rooms across the site were photographed. Meuszyński also arranged with the architect of his project, Richard P. Sobolewski, to survey the site and record it in plan and in elevation. As a result, the entire relief compositions were reconstructed, taking into account the presumed location of the fragments that were scattered around the world.

Excavations revealed remarkable bas-reliefs, ivories, and sculptures. A statue of Ashurnasirpal II was found in an excellent state of preservation, as were colossal winged man-headed lions weighing  to  each guarding the palace entrance. The large number of inscriptions dealing with king Ashurnasirpal II provide more details about him and his reign than are known for any other ruler of this epoch. The palaces of Ashurnasirpal II, Shalmaneser III, and Tiglath-Pileser III have been located. Portions of the site have been also been identified as temples to Ninurta and Enlil, a building assigned to Nabu, the god of writing and the arts, and as extensive fortifications.

In 1988, the Iraqi Department of Antiquities discovered four queens' tombs at the site.

Artworks

Nimrud has been one of the main sources of Assyrian sculpture, including the famous palace reliefs. Layard discovered more than half a dozen pairs of colossal guardian figures guarding palace entrances and doorways. These are lamassu, statues with a male human head, the body of a lion or bull, and wings. They have heads carved in the round, but the body at the side is in relief. They weigh up to . In 1847 Layard brought two of the colossi weighing  each including one lion and one bull to London. After 18 months and several near disasters he succeeded in bringing them to the British Museum. This involved loading them onto a wheeled cart. They were lowered with a complex system of pulleys and levers operated by dozens of men. The cart was towed by 300 men. He initially tried to hook up the cart to a team of buffalo and have them haul it. However the buffalo refused to move. Then they were loaded onto a barge which required 600 goatskins and sheepskins to keep it afloat. After arriving in London a ramp was built to haul them up the steps and into the museum on rollers.

Additional  colossi were transported to Paris from Khorsabad by Paul Emile Botta in 1853. In 1928 Edward Chiera also transported a  colossus from Khorsabad to Chicago. The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York has another pair.

The Statue of Ashurnasirpal II, Stela of Shamshi-Adad V and Stela of Ashurnasirpal II are large sculptures with portraits of these monarchs, all secured for the British Museum by Layard and the British archaeologist Hormuzd Rassam. Also in the British Museum is the famous Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III, discovered by Layard in 1846. This stands six-and-a-half-feet tall and commemorates with inscriptions and 24 relief panels the king's victorious campaigns of 859–824 BC. It is shaped like a temple tower at the top, ending in three steps.

Series of the distinctive Assyrian shallow reliefs were removed from the palaces and sections are now found in several museums (see gallery below), in particular the British Museum. These show scenes of hunting, warfare, ritual and processions. The Nimrud Ivories are a large group of ivory carvings, probably mostly originally decorating furniture and other objects, that had been brought to Nimrud from several parts of the ancient Near East, and were in a palace storeroom and other locations. These are mainly in the British Museum and the National Museum of Iraq, as well as other museums. Another storeroom held the Nimrud Bowls, about 120 large bronze bowls or plates, also imported.

The "Treasure of Nimrud" unearthed in these excavations is a collection of 613 pieces of gold jewelry and precious stones. It has survived the confusions and looting after the invasion of Iraq in 2003 in a bank vault, where it had been put away for 12 years and was "rediscovered" on June 5, 2003.

Significant inscriptions
One panel of the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III has an inscription which includes the name mIa-ú-a mar mHu-um-ri-i Whilst Rawlinson originally translated this in 1850 as "Yahua, son of Hubiri", a year later reverend Edward Hincks, suggested it refers to king Jehu of Israel (2 Kings 9:2 ff. Whilst other interpretations exist, the obelisk is widely viewed by biblical archaeologists as therefore including the earliest known dedication of an Israelite. Note: all the kings of Israel were called "sons of Omri" by the Assyrians (mar means son).

A number of other artifacts considered important to Biblical history were excavated from the site, such as the Nimrud Tablet K.3751 and the Nimrud Slab. The bilingual Assyrian lion weights were important to scholarly deduction of the history of the alphabet.

Destruction

Nimrud's various monuments had faced threats from exposure to the harsh elements of the Iraqi climate. Lack of proper protective roofing meant that the ancient reliefs at the site were susceptible to erosion from wind-blown sand and strong seasonal rains.

In mid-2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) occupied the area surrounding Nimrud. ISIL destroyed other holy sites, including the Mosque of the Prophet Jonah in Mosul. In early 2015, they announced their intention to destroy many ancient artifacts, which they deemed idolatrous or otherwise un-Islamic; they subsequently destroyed thousands of books and manuscripts in Mosul's libraries. In February 2015, ISIL destroyed Akkadian monuments in the Mosul Museum, and on March 5, 2015, Iraq announced that ISIL militants had bulldozed Nimrud and its archaeological site on the basis that they were blasphemous.

A member of ISIL filmed the destruction, declaring, "These ruins that are behind me, they are idols and statues that people in the past used to worship instead of Allah. The Prophet Muhammad took down idols with his bare hands when he went into Mecca. We were ordered by our prophet to take down idols and destroy them, and the companions of the prophet did this after this time, when they conquered countries." ISIL declared an intention to destroy the restored city gates in Nineveh. ISIL went on to do demolition work at the later Parthian ruined city of Hatra. On April 12 2015, an on-line militant video purportedly showed ISIL militants hammering, bulldozing and ultimately using explosives to blow up parts of Nimrud.

Irina Bokova, the director general of UNESCO, stated "deliberate destruction of cultural heritage constitutes a war crime". The president of the Syriac League in Lebanon compared the losses at the site to the destruction of culture by the Mongol Empire. In November 2016, aerial photographs showed the systematic leveling of the Ziggurat by heavy machines. On 13 November 2016, the Iraqi Army recaptured the city from ISIL. The Joint Operations Command stated that it had raised the Iraqi flag above its buildings and also captured the Assyrian village of Numaniya, on the edge of the town. By the time Nimrud was retaken, around 90% of the excavated part of the city had been destroyed entirely. Every major structure had been damaged, the Ziggurat of Nimrud had been flattened, only a few scattered broken walls remained of the palace of Ashurnasirpal II, the Lamassu that once guarded its gates had been smashed and scattered across the landscape.

Reconstruction of the site
A renovation program started in July 2017 with the support of UNESCO. The first phase included conducting studies of the damage caused to the site, assembling an Iraqi maintenance and rehabilitation team, preservation and archiving of the city's cultural heritage in co-operation with the American Smithsonian Institution. Phase 2 was launched in October 2019 with the goal to restore the northern palace.

As of 2020, archaeologists from the Nimrud Rescue Project have carried out two seasons of work at the site, training native Iraqi archaeologists on protecting heritage and helping preserve the remains. Plans for reconstruction and tourism are in the works but will likely not be implemented within the next decade. The first major excavation works, launched in mid-October 2022 by an excavation team from the University of Pennsylvania, reported the discovery of a door sill slab with inscriptions in December.

Security post Islamic State
Following the liberation from Islamic State, the security of the ancient city is run by the ethnic Assyrian security force Nineveh Plain Protection Units.

Gallery

See also

 Cities of the ancient Near East
 Hatra
 Islamic Iconoclasm
 Nimrud lens
 Short chronology timeline

Notes

Citations

General references
 Frankfort, Henri, The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient, Pelican History of Art, 4th ed 1970, Penguin (now Yale History of Art),
 A. H. Layard, Nineveh and Its Remains, John Murray, 1849 (Vol. 1 and Vol. 2)

Further reading

 Barbara Parker, Seals and Seal Impressions from the Nimrud Excavations, Iraq, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 26–40 1962
 Barbara Parker, "Nimrud Tablets, 1956: Economic and Legal Texts from the Nabu Temple", Iraq, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 125–138, 1957
 D. J. Wiseman, "The Nabu Temple Texts from Nimrud", Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 248–250, 1968
 D. J. Wiseman, Fragments of Historical Texts from Nimrud, Iraq, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 118–124, 1964
 A. H. Layard, Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, John Murray, 1853
 A. H. Layard, The monuments of Nineveh; from drawings made on the spot, John Murray, 1849
 Claudius James Rich, Narrative of a residence in Koordistan, and on the site of ancient Nineveh. Ed. by his widow, 1836
 James Phillips Fletcher,  Narrative of a Two Years' Residence at Nineveh, Volume 2, 1850
 Muzahim Mahmoud Hussein, Nimrud: The Queens' Tombs. 2016

External links

 Metropolitan Museum: Digital Reconstruction of the Northwest Palace, Nimrud, Assyria
 Nimrud/Calah
 Kalhu / Nimrud
 Centro Ricerche Archeologiche e Scavi di Torino excavation site
 Archaeological site photographs at Oriental Institute
 More images from National Geographic
 "Treasure of Nimrud rediscovered", article from The Wall Street Journal posted to a message board
 The Secret of Nimrud - Photographs by Noreen Feeney

14th-century BC establishments
Ancient Assyrian cities
Archaeological sites in Iraq
Articles containing video clips
Buildings and structures destroyed by ISIL
Destroyed populated places
Former populated places in Iraq
Hebrew Bible cities
Nimrod
Nineveh Governorate
Populated places disestablished in the 7th century BC
Populated places established in the 2nd millennium BC

Nimrud


Ivanovo Oblast () is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It had a population of 927,828 as of the 2021 Russian Census.

Its three largest cities are Ivanovo (the administrative center), Kineshma, and Shuya. The principal center of tourism is Plyos. The Volga flows through the northern part of the oblast.

History

Early in its history, the Ivanovo region was a melting pot between different populations like Russians, Europeans, Asians, and others. Various ancient Uralian and ancient Slavic tribes inhabited the area.

Ivanovo Industrial Oblast () was established on October 1, 1929. On March 11, 1936, a part of it became the modern Ivanovo Oblast while the remainder was split off to create Yaroslavl Oblast. On 21 May 1998 Ivanovo Oblast alongside Amur, Kostroma, Voronezh Oblasts, and the Mari El Republic signed a power-sharing agreement with the federal government, granting it autonomy. This agreement would be abolished on 26 February 2002.

Geography
Ivanovo Oblast shares borders with Kostroma Oblast (N), Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (E), Vladimir Oblast (S), and Yaroslavl Oblast (W).
The climate of Ivanovo Oblast is continental, with long, cold winters, and short, warm summers. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of  in the west and  in the east. The warmest month is July with an average temperature of about . Although larger than several of Russia's republics, Ivanovo Oblast is the smallest oblast by land area in Russia.

Politics

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: the first secretary of the Ivanovo CPSU Committee (who in reality had the greatest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU has lost all power, when the head of the oblast administration, and eventually the governor, was appointed/elected alongside an elected regional parliament.

The Charter of Ivanovo Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Ivanovo Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day-to-day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter under the Constitution of Russia.

Administrative divisions

Demographics
Population:

Settlements

Vital statistics for 2022:
Births: 6,872 (7.1 per 1,000)
Deaths: 15,926 (16.4 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022):
1.37 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021):
Total — 69.02 years (male — 64.03, female — 73.86)

Ethnic composition (2010):
Russians: 95.6%
Ukrainians: 0.8%
Tatars: 0.7%
Armenians: 0.4%
Azeris: 0.3%
Others: 2.2%
54,882 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.

Religion

Christianity is the largest religion in Ivanovo Oblast. According to a 2012 survey, 46.5% of the population of Ivanovo Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 8.4% are Orthodox Christian believers who don't belong to church or are members of non-Russian Orthodox churches, 1.8% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 0.5% of the population are adherents of the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) movement, and 0.5% are Muslims. In addition, 28.1% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 12.9% is atheist, and 1.3% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.

The largest religious centre in the region is the Shartoma Monastery.

References

Notes

Sources

Администрация Ивановской области (Administration of Ivanovo Oblast). "Ивановская область. Административно-территориальное деление по состоянию на 1 января 2001 г." (Ivanovo Oblast. Administrative-Territorial Structure as of January 1, 2001). Иваново, 2001.

External links

States and territories established in 1936
1936 establishments in the Soviet Union

Ivanovo Oblast


Yamadaella grassyi, vrsta crvenih algi iz porodice Yamadaellaceae. Otkrivena je 2015 godine u Atlantiku kod Bermuda.

Izvori

Yamadaella

Yamadaella grassyi


El Antiguo Cementerio Inglés (en italiano Antico Cimitero degli Inglesi) se encuentra en Livorno, en un pequeño lote ubicado cerca de la calle de Livorno, cerca del templo y de la Iglesia de San Jorge. Este es uno de los más antiguos cementerios no-católicos en Italia.

Historia
En el , Livorno se convirtió en base británica para las rutas de patrulla naval del Mediterráneo, por lo que atrajo a una gran comunidad anglosajona que se estableció en la ciudad. Pronto los miembros de esta comunidad, formada principalmente por los anglicanos (y los no católicos en general), que necesitaban un lugar para el entierro de sus muertos: algunos historiadores creen que la fundación del cementerio fue antes de 1609, aunque las más antiguas lápidas continúan allí en torno a dar fe de los años cuarenta de ese siglo. Las investigaciones recientes indican, sin embargo, que hubo un cementerio antes de 1643, incluso fuera de la ciudad.

El cementerio fue construido fuera de las murallas de la ciudad, en un lugar llamado "Fondo Magno". Fue durante mucho tiempo el único cementerio protestante en Italia y, tal vez, de toda la zona mediterránea.

Inicialmente, el cementerio estaba desprovista de cerca, que en su lugar se añadió en los años cuarenta del  gracias a los años de contribución en forma de legado del mercader Robert Bateman. Alrededor de 1840, junto con la construcción de la adyacente Iglesia anglicana de San Jorge, se cerró con la apertura del Nuevo Cementerio Inglés al norte de la ciudad, cerca de Porta San Marco.

A pesar de su alto valor histórico, en el año 2007 se comenzó a trabajar para construir, a pocos metros de la pared del mismo cementerio, un estacionamiento de autos de varios pisos, anterioriormente era el Cine Odeon.

En 2009 un pequeño grupo de voluntarios inició un proyecto de limpieza, investigación y restauración que aún está en curso.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Cementerios de Livorno

Antiguo Cementerio Inglés


Monte Carlo Open 1980 var en tennisturnering for mænd, der blev spillet udendørs på grusbaner i Monte-Carlo Country Club i Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Frankrig i perioden 31. marts - 6. april 1980. Det var den 74. udgave af turneringen, der var en del af Grand prix-serien i tennis 1980.

Herresingletitlen blev vundet af Björn Borg, som i finalen besejrede Guillermo Vilas med 6-1, 6-0, 6-2, og som dermed vandt turneringen for andet år i træk og tredje gang i alt. Det var svenskerens 13. Grand Prix Super Series-titel og hans 56. turneringssejr som professionel i karrieren, og det var hans fjerde turneringssejr i 1980 efter at han ugen forinden havde vundet sæsonens tredje titel i Nice.

I herredoublerækken sejrede Paolo Bertolucci og Adriano Panatta efter at have vundet finalen med 6-2, 5-7, 6-3 over Vitas Gerulaitis og John McEnroe, hvorved turneringen for første gang i den åbne æra blev vundet af et italiensk par.

Præmier

Den samlede præmiesum for Monte Carlo Open 1980 androg $ 175.000, hvoraf $ 30.200 gik til vinderen af herresingletitlen.

Resultater

Herresingle

Turneringen havde deltagelse af 32 spillere.

Herredouble

Turneringen havde deltagelse af 16 par.

Eksterne henvisninger
 ITF - Monte Carlo 1980
 ATP Tour - Monte Carlo 1980

Noter

Monte-Carlo Masters
Grand prix-serien i tennis 1980

Monte Carlo Open 1980


Renzo Martinelli (* 1948 in Cesano Maderno) ist ein italienischer Filmregisseur.

Leben
Martinelli diplomierte an der Libera Università di Lingue e Comunicazione IULM in Fremdsprachen begann seine Tätigkeit in der Werbebranche und für zahlreiche Videoclips. 1994 legte er sein Kinodebüt vor, das das Thema Rassismus behandelte. Porzûs erzählte 1997 eine Geschichte aus dem Partisanen-Milieu; mit dem 2001 erschienenen Vajont, der ein Ereignis aus dem Italien von 1963 behandelte, verwirrte er die Kritiker, gewann aber einen italienischen "Golden Globe" und einen David di Donatello. Auch weiterhin blieb er in seinen eigenen Filmen sozialen Themen treu (Piazza delle Cinque Lune (2003), Il mercante di pietre (2006), Carnera - The Walking Mountain (2008), Barbarossa (2009)). Kritiker bemerken, seine Filme seien "als Arbeiten über Diskriminierung beinahe ideologische Manifeste". Daneben schrieb er einige Drehbücher für Kollegen.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1994: Sarahsara (Sarahsara)
 1997: Kidnapping – Ein Vater schlägt zurück (Kidnapping – La sfida) (nur Drehbuch)
 1997: Porzûs
 2001: Vajont
 2003: Der Tag, als Aldo Moro starb (Piazza delle Cinque Lune)
 2006: Stone Merchant – Händler des Todes (Il mercante di pietre)
 2008: Carnera – The Walking Mountain
 2009: Barbarossa
 2012: Die Belagerung (The Day of the Siege: September Eleven 1683)

Weblinks
 Webauftritt des Regisseurs

 Martinelli bei mymovies (italienisch)

Einzelnachweise

Filmregisseur
Drehbuchautor
Filmproduzent
Italiener
Geboren 1948
Mann

Renzo Martinelli


Mõisamaa ist ein Dorf (estnisch küla) in der Landgemeinde Kohtla (Kohtla vald). Es liegt im Kreis Ida-Viru (Ost-Wierland) im Nordosten Estlands.

Das Dorf hat sechs Einwohner (Stand 1. Januar 2010). Es liegt südlich des Stadtzentrums von Kohtla-Järve.

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Estland
Kohtla
Geographie (Toila)

Mõisamaa (Kohtla)


Jane Elizabeth Waterston (* 1843 in Inverness; † 7. Dezember 1932 in Kapstadt) war eine schottische Pädagogin und Ärztin, die im südlichen Afrika auf den Gebieten der Pädagogik, Medizin und Sozialarbeit tätig war. Ausgehend von den Erfahrungen aus der Tätigkeit an der Missionsschule in Lovedale gelang ihr ein früher Beitrag zur Gleichberechtigung von Frauen auf dem Gebiet des späteren Südafrikas.

Leben
Ihre Eltern lebten im schottischen Inverness. Der Vater, Charles Waterston, war ein Mitarbeiter der Caledonian Banking Company. Ihre Mutter hieß Agnes Webster. Jane Waterston erhielt ihre Schulausbildung durch Privatunterricht und an der Inverness Royal Academy.

Mit Hilfe der Free Church of Scotland reiste sie im Missionsauftrag nach Afrika und arbeitete ab 1866 als Lehrerin. Zusammen mit James Stewart eröffnete sie am 23. Juli 1868 an der Lovedale Mission in der Siedlung Chumie (Tyhume) bei Alice eine Internatsschule für Mädchen. Von 1868 bis 1873 war sie als Lady Superintendent of Girls' School für diese Einrichtung verantwortlich. Das Unterrichtsprogramm umfasste vorrangig praktische Arbeiten, wie allgemeine Hauswirtschaft, Nähen, Kochen und Wäschearbeiten. Bereits vor ihrem Tätigkeitsbeginn waren hier mehrere Missionarinnen mit Schulunterricht für Xhosa-Mädchen beschäftigt gewesen.

Im Jahr 1874 begab sie sich nach London und begann an der gerade eröffneten London School of Medicine for Women ein Medizinstudium. Sie zählte zu den ersten Studentinnen an dieser Schule. Den ersten Abschluss auf diesem Gebiet erhielt sie 1878 mit einem Lizenziat am King and Queen's College of Physicians of Ireland. Nach ihrem fünfjährigen Auslandsaufenthalt kehrte sie wieder nach Südafrika zurück.

In den Jahren 1879 und 1880 arbeitete Jane Waterston etwa sechs Monate lang an der Missionsstation Livingstonia, die 1877 von James Stewart gegründet worden war. Dieser Lebensabschnitt gestaltete sich für sie nicht sehr befriedigend, weil ihr die Verhältnisse vor Ort unerträglich erschienen. Deshalb ging sie erneut in die Kapkolonie nach Lovedale, gründete und übernahm dort zwischen 1880 und 1883 die Leitung der medizinischen Abteilung in dieser Missionsschule.

Im Jahr 1888 erwarb sie am Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh ein zweites Lizenziat und erhielt im gleichen Jahr den Doktorgrad der Medizin (M.D.) in Brüssel, weil das in England zu diesem Zeitpunkt nicht möglich war. Ende des Jahres 1888 kehrte sie nach Kapstadt zurück. In Anerkennung der Promotion von Brüssel bestätigte ihr 1889 die University of the Cape of Good Hope den Doktorgrad.

Seit dieser Zeit war Waterston als Medizinerin in Kapstadt tätig und die erste registrierte Ärztin mit einem britischen Medizinabschluss in Südafrika. Hier bemühte sie sich um die Verbesserung der hygienischen und medizinischen Verhältnisse für Frauen und Kinder. Diese Situation sowie ihre Auffassungen über Frauen- und Bürgerrechte erzeugten in ihrem beruflichen Umfeld gegen sie Widerstand. Trotzdem erlangte sie durch ihr medizinisches und soziales Wirken große Anerkennung.

Im Jahr 1905 wählte man sie in der British Medical Association in das Amt der Präsidentin ihrer Sektion Western Cape, das sie bis 1906 ausübte. Ihr wachsendes öffentliches Ansehen brachte ihr viele Nachfragen zur Mitarbeit in öffentlichen Gremien ein. So wurde sie zur Mitarbeit für die South African Native Affairs Commission (1903–1905) aufgefordert. Nach Gründung der Südafrikanischen Union war sie Mitglied im Cape Provincial Hospital Board, dem Krankenhausausschuss in der Kapregion. Im Jahre 1916 berief man Waterston zum Advisory Board of Valkenberg Mental Hospital, der Beratungsausschuss dieser neurologischen Klinik in Kapstadt.

Jane Waterston äußerte durch ihre Eindrücke aus den so genannten Burenkriegen öffentlich Kritik an den Buren. Diese Position hatte sich bei ihr durch die Kenntnis über Misshandlungen der schwarzen Bevölkerung in den Burenrepubliken entwickelt. Ihr gesamtes berufliches Leben war mit der Sorge um das Wohl von Afrikanern verbunden und daraus entwickelte Jane Waterston eine solidarische Haltung zu dieser Bevölkerungsgruppe. Um 1890 wandelte sich ihr bisher pädagogisch und medizinisch bestimmtes Engagement in ein zunehmend politisches geprägtes Wirken.

Verdienste und Würdigungen
Jane Waterston setzte sich für die Rechte der einheimischen Bevölkerung im südlichen Afrika ein, vorzugsweise auf dem Gebiet der Bildung und sozialen Wohlfahrt. Im hohen Alter war sie eine der meistgeehrten Frauen Südafrikas und wegen ihrer Tätigkeit als Ärztin und Sozialarbeiterin in Kapstadt zu einer nationalen Symbolfigur geworden.

 Am College of Physicians of Ireland wurde sie mit Wirkung vom 19. Oktober 1925 zum Fellow gewählt.

 Im Jahr 1929 verlieh ihr die Universität Kapstadt den Doktorgrad der Rechtswissenschaften. Die Universität würdigte damit ihren Beitrag zur Wirkung von Frauen in medizinischen und sozialen Fragen des Landes.

 Über dreißig Jahre war sie täglich mit einer schwarzen Medizintasche in den Armenvierteln Kapstadts unterwegs. Im St Monica's Maternity Hospital für farbige Frauen auf dem Signal Hill wurde eine Bronzetafel zur Erinnerung aufgestellt, die die Inschrift trägt: "In Memory of Dr Jane Waterston, Pioneer of Maternity Service in this City. A Friend of the Poor." (deutsch etwa: In Gedenken an Dr. Jane Waterston, eine Pionierin der Mütterbetreuung in dieser Stadt. Eine Freundin der Armen.).

Literatur
 Lucy Bean & Elizabeth van Heyningen (Hrsg.): The Letters of Jane Elizabeth Waterston 1866-1905. Cape Town (Van Riebeeck Society) 1983, ISBN 0-620-07375-6 (digitale Version auf Google).
 Robert H. W. Shepherd: Lovedale. South Africa. The Story of a Century 1841-1941. Lovedale (1940).
 E. van Heyningen: Jane Elizabeth Waterston - Southern Africa's first woman doctor. In: Journal of medical biography (1996) Nov., Volume 4, S. 208–213

Weblinks

 Kurzbiographie mit Bild (englisch)
 Biographie mit Abbildungen (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Brite
Schotte
Südafrikaner
Person (Kapstadt)
Pädagoge (19. Jahrhundert)
Pädagoge (20. Jahrhundert)
Mediziner (19. Jahrhundert)
Mediziner (20. Jahrhundert)
Person (Menschenrechte in Südafrika)
Frauenrechtler (Südafrika)
Person (Inverness)
Geboren 1843
Gestorben 1932
Frau

Jane Elizabeth Waterston


A Copa Itália de Voleibol Masculino de 2021–22 foi a 44.ª edição desta competição organizada pela Lega Pallavolo Serie A, consórcio de clubes filiado à Federação Italiana de Voleibol (FIPAV) que ocorreu de 16 de janeiro a 6 de março.

O Sir Safety Perugia conquistou o terceiro título da competição ao derrotar na final o Trentino Volley por 3 sets a 1. O ponteiro polonês Wilfredo León, que marcou 23 pontos na partida final, foi eleito o melhor jogador da competição.

Regulamento
Participaram do torneio as oito melhores equipes do primeiro turno do Campeonato Italiano de 2021–22. O torneio foi divido em quartas de finais, semifinais e final, com as partidas das quartas de finais sendo realizadas com mando de quadra da equipe melhor classificada no campeonato italiano.

Equipes participantes

  Lube Macerata
  Modena Volley
  Pallavolo Padova
  Powervolley Milano

  Sir Safety Perugia
  Trentino Volley
  Volley Milano
  You Energy

Resultados

Chaveamento

Quartas de finais

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Semifinais

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Final

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Premiação

Ligações externas

Copa Itália de Voleibol Masculino
2022 no voleibol
Desporto na Itália em 2022


Viktor Tomić (Auspand, 21. studenog 1907. — Rim, 7. travnja 1947.) bio je časnik Ustaške vojnice i pripadnik Ustaškog pokreta.

Životopis
Rođen je 21. studenog 1907. godine u Auspandu u Austrougarskoj. Radio je kao trgovački pomoćnik, a kasnije kao činovnik u zagrebačkom Merkuru. Vlasti Kraljevine Jugoslavije su ga proglasile vojnim bjeguncem, zbog izbjegavanja služenja redovnog vojnog roka. Nakon uhićenja, bio je osuđen na 3 godine zatvora. U Seljačkoj slozi, kulturno-prosvjetnom društvu Hrvatske seljačke stranke, isticao se po radikalnim stavovima sredinom 1930-ih godina. Zajedno sa Božidarom Cerovskim, u svojstvu članova tajne organizacije "Matija Gubec", izvode neuspješni atentat na grofa Josipa Bombellesa u Zagrebu 1940. godine.

Nakon toga bježi iz države i emigrira u Italiju, gdje se pridružuje ustašama. Vraća se nakon proglašenja Nezavisne Države Hrvatske 1941. godine, od srpnja iste godine brine o sigurnosti Ante Pavelića. Od početka 1942. upravnik je 4. biroa Ustaške nadzorne službe. Tijekom ljeta 1942. rukovodi operacijama na području Srijema u kojima su izvršeni masovni zločini nad srpskim stanovništvom i deportacije u logore ("Akcija Viktor Tomić"), zbog čega su njemačke vlasti uložile prosvjednu notu i tražile od vlasti NDH da Tomića smijene. Akciju sličnog tipa izveo je i na području Bjelovara od rujna do listopada 1942. godine. Nakon ukidanja UNS, kratkotrajno rukovodi sigurnosnom službu Poglavnikovog tjelesnog zdruga.

Uhićen je na jesen 1943. godine zbog pripremanja atentata na ministra Mladena Lorkovića, ali se nakon puštanja iz kućnog pritvora sklonio u Budimpeštu. Krajem godine se vratio u Zagreb i postaje načelnik izvještajnog odjeljenja Ustaške vojnice i dobija čin potpukovnika. U svibnju 1945. bježi u Austriju i skoro dvije godine provodi po logorima u Austriji i Italiji.

Na kraju je prebačen u rimski zatvor Regina Elena, koji je bio pod britanskim nadzorom. Kada je obaviješten da će biti izručen jugoslavenskim vlastima da mu se sudi za počinjene ratne zločine, izvršio je samoubojstvo 7. travnja 1947. godine prerezavši si žile na ruci.

Izvori

Literatura

Životopisi, Austrija
Dužnosnici NDH

Viktor Tomić


أحقاد خفية مسلسل درامي اجتماعي سوري، عرض على عدة قنوات، منها إم بي سي وهو بطولة : بسام كوسا ، كاريس بشار، قصي خولي، يارا صبري، باسل خياط، عارف الطويل، سلافة معمار، نسرين طافش ، محمد قنوع.

مراجع

مسلسلات تلفزيونية سورية بدأ عرضها في 2006

أحقاد خفية (مسلسل)


Chamizo ist eine Ortschaft in Uruguay.

Geographie
Chamizo befindet sich auf dem Gebiet des Departamento Florida in dessen Sektor 2 in der Cuchilla del Chamizo. Südlich erstreckt sich jenseits der vom nahegelegenen Río Santa Lucía gebildeten Grenze zum Nachbardepartamento Canelones die Cuchilla Pérez. Nächstgelegene Ansiedlungen auf Departamentogebiet sind im Westen Mendoza Chico und Fray Marcos im Osten.

Geschichte
Am 21. Oktober 1931 wurde Chamizo durch die gesetzliche Regelung des Ley No. 8.796 als Pueblo eingestuft.

Infrastruktur
Durch den Ort führt die Ruta 6, auf die hier die Ruta 94 trifft. Zudem verläuft die Eisenbahnstrecke Toledo–Rio Branco durch Chamizo.

Einwohner
Die Einwohnerzahl von Chamizo beträgt 540 (Stand: 2011), davon 270 männliche und 270 weibliche.

Quelle: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay

Söhne und Töchter von Chamizo
 Francisco Pérez (* 1934), Radrennfahrer
 Diego Torres (* 1992), Fußballspieler

Weblinks
 Stadtplan von Chamizo (PDF; 83 kB)

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Departamento Florida

Chamizo


Icing may refer to:

Science and technology
 Atmospheric icing, when water droplets freeze on objects they contact
 Icing (nautical), sea spray that freezes upon contact with ships
 Aufeis, or icing, a sheet-like mass of frozen groundwater

Sports
 Icing (ice hockey), an infraction
 Icing the kicker, a tactic in gridiron football

Other uses
 Icing (album), by Cherubs, 1992
 Icing (behavior), or ghosting, ending contact and communication without warning
 Icing (food), a sweet glaze made of sugar, usually on baked goods
 Icing (game), a drinking game and Internet meme
 Icing, a jewelry and accessories retailer owned by Claire's

See also
 Cryotherapy
 Ice
 Icing conditions, atmospheric conditions that can lead to icing on an aircraft
 Ising, a surname

Icing


A Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO) propôs um plano de proteção ao patrimônio cultural do mundo, através da Convenção sobre o Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial da Humanidade, cujo processo de implementação teve início em 1997 e foi oficializado em 2003. Esta é uma lista do Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial existente no Chile, especificamente classificada pela UNESCO visando catalogar e proteger manifestações da cultura humana no país. O Chile ratificou a convenção em 10 de dezembro de 2008, tornando suas manifestações culturais elegíveis para inclusão na lista.

A manifestação cultural Práticas e conhecimentos tradicionais do tereré na cultura de pojhá ñaná foi a primeira manifestação do Chile incluída na lista do Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial da UNESCO por ocasião da 4.ª Sessão do Comitê Intergovernamental para a Proteção do Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial da Humanidade, realizada em Abu Dhabi (Emirados Árabes Unidos) em 2009. Desde a mais recente adesão à lista, o Chile totaliza 2 manifestações culturais classificadas como Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial.

Bens imateriais
O Chile conta atualmente com as seguintes manifestações declaradas como Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial pela UNESCO:

Ver também
 Lista do Patrimônio Mundial no Chile
 Cultura do Chile

Chile
Conservação no Chile
Cultura do Chile

Lista do Património Cultural Imaterial da Humanidade no Chile


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Literatur
 Reinhold Schneider, Martina Weißenmayer: Kulturdenkmäler in Hessen: Stadt Wetzlar. Denkmaltopographie Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Herausgegeben vom Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Hessen. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1900-1, S. 420–426.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Munchholzhausen
!Munchholzhausen

Liste der Kulturdenkmäler in Münchholzhausen


Uru or URU may refer to:

Language
 Uru dialect of Central Kilimanjaro, a Bantu language of Tanzania
 Uru language, the extinct language of the Uros, an Amerindian people
 Uru of Ch'imu, an extinct language of the Uros, an Amerindian people
 Urumi language, an extinct language of the Amazon region of Brazil
 URU (Sumerogram), a relatively distinctive sign in the cuneiform sign lists
 Urú, the addition of a preceding letter to indicate eclipsis in the Irish language; see

Places
 Uruguay, IOC country code
 Üru, a village in Saare County, Estonia
 Uru, Iran, a village in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
 Uru, São Paulo, a city in Brazil
 Uru Uru Lake, a lake south of the Bolivian town of Oruro
 Uru Harbour Airport, an airport on Malaita, Solomon Islands
 Uru River (Goiás), a river of central Brazil
 Uru River (Maranhão), a river of northeastern Brazil
 Uyu River, or Uru River, a river of Myanmar
 Rafael Urdaneta University, a university in Venezuela
 Uru Shimbwe, town in Tanzania

People
 Uru people, a group of pre-Incan people who live in Peru and Bolivia
 Henare Uru (1872–1929), New Zealand Maori politician
 Hopere Uru (1868–1921), New Zealand Maori politician
 Storm Uru (born 1985), New Zealand rower
 Uru (singer), a Japanese female singer.
 Black Uhuru, Reggae Musicians

Media
 Uttarakhand Residential University, a state university in Uttarakhand, India
 Uru (comics), the fictional metal in Marvel Comics, from which Thor's hammer Mjolnir is made
 Uru (The Lion King), a fictional lioness character
 Uru: Ages Beyond Myst, a 2003 computer game
 Myst Online: Uru Live, a 2007 online version of the original game
 Uru (2017 film), a Tamil-language horror thriller film
 Uru (2023 film), a Malayalam-language drama film

Other
 Uru (boat), an ancient trading vessel
 Spot-winged wood quail, a bird from Latin America
 Mekanika Uru, a submachine gun
 Uruguayan Rugby Union

See also
 Uhuru (disambiguation)
 Urus (disambiguation)

Uru


An Systeloglossum acuminatum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Oakes Ames ngan Charles Schweinfurth. An Systeloglossum acuminatum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Systeloglossum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Systeloglossum

Systeloglossum acuminatum


Bonifacio Finetti (né le  à Gradisca d'Isonzo, et mort le  à Farra d'Isonzo) est un orientaliste et hébraïsant italien.

Biographie
Né le  à Gradisca d'Isonzo, il entra dans l'Ordre des Prêcheurs, et se consacra surtout à l'étude des langues orientales. En 1756 il mit au jour : Trattato della lingua ebraïca e dei sui affini, Venise, in-8°. C'était l'essai d'un grand ouvrage dans lequel l'auteur se proposait de montrer les caractères distinctifs de chaque langue, en indiquant leur origine et leur filiation. Sa préface donne une idée avantageuse des connaissances qu'il avait acquises sur cette matière ; et l'on doit regretter qu'il n'ait pu, faute d'encouragements, accomplir cet utile projet.

Œuvres

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Orientaliste italien
Naissance en février 1705
Décès en juin 1782
Naissance à Gradisca d'Isonzo
Dominicain italien
Décès à 77 ans

Bonifacio Finetti


Pernod-Ricard er franskt fyrirtæki sem sérhæfir sig í framleiðslu og dreifingu vína og sterkra drykkja. Pernod Ricard er leiðandi í heiminum í sínum geira og er staðsettur á bak við Diageo og á undan Bacardí-Martini. Fyrir fjárhagsárið 2019-2020 nam velta samstæðunnar 8.448 milljónum evra.

Tilvísanir

Tenglar
 Heimasíða Pernod-Ricard

Fyrirtæki
Framleiðslufyrirtæki
Frönsk fyrirtæki

Pernod Ricard


Robert Schächter (* 30. April 1958 in Wien) ist ein österreichischer Unternehmer, der an Firmen wie der Österreichischen Staatsdruckerei und der Krebsforschungsfirma Biolife Science beteiligt ist. Er hat mit seinem langjährigen Geschäftspartner Johannes Strohmayer Firmen wie die AV Digital (stellen Lautsprecher für Flughäfen, Bahnhöfe und Einkaufszentren) zu einer zweistelligen Millionenfirma aufgebaut. Diese wurde 2007 von Honeywell übernommen. Die Österreichische Staatsdruckerei steht zum Teil im Eigentum der G3 Privatstiftung, der GRT Privatstiftung und der österreichischen Staatsdruckerei Mitarbeiter-Beteiligungsstiftung. Die Firma ist börsennotiert.

Leben
Robert Schächter erwarb 1980 einen Abschluss in Maschinenbau. Im Jahr darauf arbeitete er bei Dow Chemical im Marketing und Vertrieb. 1982 absolvierte er das MBA-Programm an der Universität Wien. 1984 wurde er Geschäftsführender Gesellschafter bei Petromontan. Er studierte 1995 Executive Management in Fontainebleau. Von 1994 bis 1999 war er General Manager bei Rhône-Poulenc Österreich. Er betreute das RP Osteuropa-Geschäft und übernahm das Spin-off-Management für Rhône-Poulenc Rhodia. Er war Supervisor Rhodia SA, Paris und Koordinator Rhône-Poulenc Rorer. 1999 wurde Schächter Geschäftsführender Gesellschafter der Euro Capital Partners (ECP).

Im Jahr 2008 erhielt Robert Schächter das Goldene Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich. Dies wurde ihm von Claudia Schmied, Ministerin für Unterricht und Kultur im Bundeskanzleramt, verliehen.

Von 2004 bis 2013 war Robert Schächter Vorsitzender des Universitätsrates der Universität für angewandte Kunst. Seit 2014 ist er dort Honorarprofessor für den Lehrgang "The Art of Business" am Institut für Bildende und Mediale Kunst.

Weblinks
 Kurzbiografie und Foto von Robert Schächter Webseite von Euro Capital Partners

Einzelnachweise

Unternehmer (Österreich)
Träger des Goldenen Ehrenzeichens für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich (1952)
Person (Wien)
Österreicher
Geboren 1958
Mann

Robert Schächter


Die Indische Badmintonmeisterschaft der Saison 2008/2009 fand vom 10. bis zum 18. Februar 2009 in Indore statt. Es war die 73. Austragung der nationalen Titelkämpfe im Badminton in Indien.

Finalergebnisse

Weblinks
http://tournamentsoftware.com/sport/tournament.aspx?id=A90B6FC3-D68D-48BC-800D-AC8866F47B2B

2009
Badminton 2009
Sportveranstaltung in Indore

Indische Badmintonmeisterschaft 2008/09


المجلس الدستوري للجمهورية، هي هيئة دستورية مكلفة حسب الفصل 72 من دستور تونس 1959 بالنظر «في مشاريع القوانين التي يعرضها عليه رئيس الجمهورية من حيث مطابقتها للدستور أو ملاءمتها له». أحدث المجلس الدستوري في 16 ديسمبر 1987 بعيد وصول زين العابدين بن علي إلى الحكم وكلف عبد العزيز بن ضياء برئاسته. شهد المجلس منذ إنشاءه عدة تعديلات وتغييرات على النصوص التي تحدد دوره كان آخرها القانون الأساسي عدد 52 لسنة 2004 المؤرخ في 12 جويلية 2004. كان آخر من ترأس المجلس فتحي عبد الناظر من 20 نوفمبر 1999 حتى 23 مارس 2011، وهو مستشار سابق للرئيس بن علي وعضو سابق للجنة المركزية للتجمع الدستوري الديمقراطي المنحل.

بعد الثورة، جرى إلغاء دستور 1959 في 23 مارس 2011 وحل المجلس الدستوري ليتم استبداله بالمحكمة الدستورية في دستور 2014 ثم 2022.

تركيبته

يتألف المجلس من 9 أعضاء (رئيس و8 أعضاء) كلهم يتم تعيينهم من طرف رئيس الجمهورية التونسية.

رئاسة المجلس
يباشر رئيس المجلس مهامه كامل الوقت، ولرئيس المجلس دعوة أعضاء المجلس للانعقاد وإعداد جدول الأعمال، ويعين المقرر (المكلف بكتابة التقارير)، ويدير النقاش ويختمه، يسهر على التصويت ويعلن نتائجه، وهو الآمر بالصرف بميزانيته، وبمشاركة 3 أعضاء يعد التقرير السنوي، يعوضه الأكبر سنا في المجلس؛ كما أنه عضو في اللجنة الدستورية للانتخبات الرئاسية وعمليات الاستفتاء، وهو رئيس للجنة الطعون الانتخابية.

العضوية
 اختصاص الأعضاء: قضاة-محامون-سياسيون-مختصون في القانون (اساتذة جامعيون)و يشترط أن يبلغوا 40 سنة أو أكثر.
 مدة العضوية: 9 سنوات
 ويتمتعون بالحصانة القضائية وهي استقلالية عن السلطتين التنفيذية والتشريعية

الرؤساء المتعاقبون للمجلس

 عبد العزيز بن ضياء (ديسمبر 1987 - نوفمبر 1990)
 صلاح الدين بالي (نوفمبر 1990 - أفريل 1992)
 زهير المظفر (أفريل 1992 - جانفي 1995)
 الهادي بالصادق (جانفي 1995 - نوفمبر 1999)
 فتحي عبد الناظر (نوفمبر 1999 - مارس 2011)

وصلات خارجية
 مقال عن المجلس الدستوري في وكالة تونس إفريقيا للأنباء

مراجع

سياسة تونس
محاكم تونس
محاكم دستورية

المجلس الدستوري للجمهورية (تونس)


Olga Paredes é uma arquiteta e wikipedista boliviana. No ano 2022 foi nomeada wikipedista do ano pelo cofundador de Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales, durante o evento anual Wikimania 2022. É a primeira pessoa de Bolívia em receber este que é o principal reconhecimento do Movimento Wikimedia.

É arquiteta pela Universidade Maior de San Andrés. Além de ser coordenadora do grupo Wikimedistas de Bolívia, também faz parte de Wikimujeres, Geochicas e edita em OpenStreetMap.

Pessoas da Wikipédia

Olga Paredes


ميناء طرابلس البحري هو ميناء بحري يقع في مدينة طرابلس العاصمة الليبية على ساحل البحر المتوسط وهو أكبر الموانئ الليبية في التعاملات. وبه محطة متطورة الخدمات للركاب. تبلغ مساحة الميناء الإجمالية 4,000,000 متر مربع. تديره وتقدم له الخدمات منذ العام 1986 الشركة الاشتراكية للموانئ سابقاً والاسم الجديد الآن الشركة الليبية للموانئ ومقرها بمصراتة التي تدير كافة الموانئ التجارية الليبية.

يوجد بالميناء 27 رصيفا بينها 20 رصيفا للبضائع العامة، وثلاثة أرصفة للخدمات. وتبلغ القدرة الاستيعابية السنوية للميناء 4.500.000.000 مليون طن للوردية الواحدة. كما توجد به منارة يبلغ ارتفاعها 116 قدما من مستوى سطح البحر. وتعمل ليلاً بواسطة منظومة كهربائية ذات فرق جهد 220 فولت ومزوّدة بمصباح قوة 1000 وات، ويصل مدى الإضاءة إلى 16 ميل بحري.

و يتم تشغيله بواسطة الشركة الاشتراكية للموانئ سابقا
الاسم الجديد الشركة الليبية للموانئ.

انظر أيضا
 منارة طرابلس
 حرب طرابلس

مصادر

أحياء طرابلس
أماكن مأهولة أسست في القرن 7 ق م
الحرب الأهلية الليبية (2011)
حروب البربر
عواصم الثقافة العربية
مستعمرات إيطالية سابقة
مواقع رومانية في ليبيا
موانئ ومرافئ ليبيا

ميناء طرابلس


is a district located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 36,695 and a density of 195.79 persons per square kilometer. The total area is 187.42 km2.

Towns and villages
Chikujō
Kōge
Yoshitomi

Timeline
1896 Formed by the merger of both Tsuiki and Kōge Districts.
On October 11, 2005 the villages of Shin'yoshitomi and Taihei merged to form the new town of Kōge.
On January 10, 2006 the towns of Shiida and Tsuiki merged to form the new town of Chikujō.

Districts in Fukuoka Prefecture

Chikujō District, Fukuoka


Ellerbek Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Pinneberg iline bağlı bölge. 9,10 km² yüzölçüme sahiptir. Nüfusu, 31 Mart 2010 itibarıyla 4.204 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Günther Hildebrand tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Ellerbek

Kaynakça

Ellerbek


In digital photography, computer-generated imagery, and colorimetry, a grayscale image is one in which the value of each pixel is a single sample representing only an amount of light; that is, it carries only intensity information. Grayscale images, a kind of black-and-white or gray monochrome, are composed exclusively of shades of gray. The contrast ranges from black at the weakest intensity to white at the strongest.

Grayscale images are distinct from one-bit bi-tonal black-and-white images, which, in the context of computer imaging, are images with only two colors: black and white (also called bilevel or binary images). Grayscale images have many shades of gray in between.

Grayscale images can be the result of measuring the intensity of light at each pixel according to a particular weighted combination of frequencies (or wavelengths), and in such cases they are monochromatic proper when only a single frequency (in practice, a narrow band of frequencies) is captured. The frequencies can in principle be from anywhere in the electromagnetic spectrum (e.g. infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, etc.).

A colorimetric (or more specifically photometric) grayscale image is an image that has a defined grayscale colorspace, which maps the stored numeric sample values to the achromatic channel of a standard colorspace, which itself is based on measured properties of human vision.

If the original color image has no defined colorspace, or if the grayscale image is not intended to have the same human-perceived achromatic intensity as the color image, then there is no unique mapping from such a color image to a grayscale image.

Numerical representations

The intensity of a pixel is expressed within a given range between a minimum and a maximum, inclusive. This range is represented in an abstract way as a range from 0 (or 0%) (total absence, black) and 1 (or 100%) (total presence, white), with any fractional values in between. This notation is used in academic papers, but this does not define what "black" or "white" is in terms of colorimetry. Sometimes the scale is reversed, as in printing where the numeric intensity denotes how much ink is employed in halftoning, with 0% representing the paper white (no ink) and 100% being a solid black (full ink).

In computing, although the grayscale can be computed through rational numbers, image pixels are usually quantized to store them as unsigned integers, to reduce the required storage and computation. Some early grayscale monitors can only display up to sixteen different shades, which would be stored in binary form using 4 bits. But today grayscale images intended for visual display are commonly stored with 8 bits per sampled pixel. This pixel depth allows 256 different intensities (i.e., shades of gray) to be recorded, and also simplifies computation as each pixel sample can be accessed individually as one full byte. However, if these intensities were spaced equally in proportion to the amount of physical light they represent at that pixel (called a linear encoding or scale), the differences between adjacent dark shades could be quite noticeable as banding artifacts, while many of the lighter shades would be "wasted" by encoding a lot of perceptually-indistinguishable increments. Therefore, the shades are instead typically spread out evenly on a gamma-compressed nonlinear scale, which better approximates uniform perceptual increments for both dark and light shades, usually making these 256 shades enough to avoid noticeable increments.

Technical uses (e.g. in medical imaging or remote sensing applications) often require more levels, to make full use of the sensor accuracy (typically 10 or 12 bits per sample) and to reduce rounding errors in computations. Sixteen bits per sample (65,536 levels) is often a convenient choice for such uses, as computers manage 16-bit words efficiently.  The TIFF and PNG (among other) image file formats support 16-bit grayscale natively, although browsers and many imaging programs tend to ignore the low order 8 bits of each pixel. Internally for computation and working storage, image processing software typically uses integer or floating-point numbers of size 16 or 32 bits.

Converting color to grayscale

Conversion of an arbitrary color image to grayscale is not unique in general; different weighting of the color channels effectively represent the effect of shooting black-and-white film with different-colored photographic filters on the cameras.

Colorimetric (perceptual luminance-preserving) conversion to grayscale
A common strategy is to use the principles of photometry or, more broadly, colorimetry to calculate the grayscale values (in the target grayscale colorspace) so as to have the same luminance (technically relative luminance) as the original color image (according to its colorspace).  In addition to the same (relative) luminance, this method also ensures that both images will have the same absolute luminance when displayed, as can be measured by instruments in its SI units of  candelas per square meter, in any given area of the image, given equal whitepoints.  Luminance itself is defined using a standard model of human vision, so preserving the luminance in the grayscale image also preserves other perceptual lightness measures, such as  (as in the 1976 CIE Lab color space) which is determined by the linear luminance  itself (as in the CIE 1931 XYZ color space) which we will refer to here as  to avoid any ambiguity.

To convert a color from a colorspace based on a typical gamma-compressed (nonlinear) RGB color model to a grayscale representation of its luminance, the gamma compression function must first be removed via gamma expansion (linearization) to transform the image to a linear RGB colorspace, so that the appropriate weighted sum can be applied to the linear color components () to calculate the linear luminance , which can then be gamma-compressed back again if the grayscale result is also to be encoded and stored in a typical nonlinear colorspace.

For the common sRGB color space,  gamma expansion is defined as

where  represents any of the three gamma-compressed sRGB primaries (, , and , each in range [0,1]) and  is the corresponding linear-intensity value (, , and , also in range [0,1]). Then, linear luminance is calculated as a weighted sum of the three linear-intensity values. The sRGB color space is defined in terms of the CIE 1931 linear luminance , which is given by

These three particular coefficients represent the intensity (luminance) perception of typical trichromat humans to light of the precise Rec. 709 additive primary colors (chromaticities) that are used in the definition of sRGB. Human vision is most sensitive to green, so this has the greatest coefficient value (0.7152), and least sensitive to blue, so this has the smallest coefficient (0.0722).  To encode grayscale intensity in linear RGB, each of the three color components can be set to equal the calculated linear luminance  (replacing  by the values  to get this linear grayscale), which then typically needs to be gamma compressed to get back to a conventional non-linear representation.  For sRGB, each of its three primaries is then set to the same gamma-compressed  given by the inverse of the gamma expansion above as

Because the three sRGB components are then equal, indicating that it is actually a gray image (not color), it is only necessary to store these values once, and we call this the resulting grayscale image.  This is how it will normally be stored in sRGB-compatible image formats that support a single-channel grayscale representation, such as JPEG or PNG.  Web browsers and other software that recognizes sRGB images should produce the same rendering for such a grayscale image as it would for a "color" sRGB image having the same values in all three color channels.

Luma coding in video systems

For images in color spaces such as Y'UV and its relatives, which are used in standard color TV and video systems such as PAL, SECAM, and NTSC, a nonlinear luma component  is calculated directly from gamma-compressed primary intensities as a weighted sum, which, although not a perfect representation of the colorimetric luminance, can be calculated more quickly without the gamma expansion and compression used in photometric/colorimetric calculations. In the Y'UV and Y'IQ models used by PAL and NTSC, the rec601 luma  component is computed as

where we use the prime to distinguish these nonlinear values from the sRGB nonlinear values (discussed above) which use a somewhat different gamma compression formula, and from the linear RGB components.  The ITU-R BT.709 standard used for HDTV developed by the ATSC uses different color coefficients, computing the luma component as

Although these are numerically the same coefficients used in sRGB above, the effect is different  because here they are being applied directly to gamma-compressed values rather than to the linearized values.  The ITU-R BT.2100 standard for HDR television uses yet different coefficients, computing the luma component as

Normally these colorspaces are transformed back to nonlinear R'G'B' before rendering for viewing.  To the extent that enough precision remains, they can then be rendered accurately.

But if the luma component Y' itself is instead used directly as a grayscale representation of the color image, luminance is not preserved: two colors can have the same luma  but different CIE linear luminance  (and thus different nonlinear  as defined above) and therefore appear darker or lighter to a typical human than the original color.  Similarly, two colors having the same luminance  (and thus the same ) will in general have different luma by either of the  luma definitions above.

Grayscale as single channels of multichannel color images

Color images are often built of several stacked color channels, each of them representing value levels of the given channel. For example, RGB images are composed of three independent channels for red, green and blue primary color components; CMYK images have four channels for cyan, magenta, yellow and black ink plates, etc.

Here is an example of color channel splitting of a full RGB color image. The column at left shows the isolated color channels in natural colors, while at right there are their grayscale equivalences:

The reverse is also possible: to build a full-color image from their separate grayscale channels. By mangling channels, using offsets, rotating and other manipulations, artistic effects can be achieved instead of accurately reproducing the original image.

See also
 Channel (digital image)
 Halftone
 Duotone
 False-color
 Sepia tone
 Cyanotype
 Morphological image processing
 Mezzotint
 List of monochrome and RGB color formats – Monochrome palettes section
 List of software palettes – Color gradient palettes and false color palettes sections
 Achromatopsia, total color blindness, in which vision is limited to a grayscale
 Zone System

References

Imaging
Color depths
Shades of gray

Grayscale


Istanbul Park er et tyrkisk motorsportsanlæg beliggende ved landsbyen Akfırat, på den østlige og asiatiske side af Istanbul. Fra åbningen i 2005 til og med 2011 blev Tyrkiets Grand Prix i Formel 1-serien kørt her.

I 2007 blev Istanbul Park af Formel 1-chefen Bernie Ecclestone kaldt for "verdens bedste racerbane".

Historie

Første spadestik til anlægget blev taget i 2004, og er designet af den tyske arkitekt Hermann Tilke. Banen er placeret nord for Motorvej 4, tæt på Sabiha Gökçen International Airport, og er omgivet af bakker og skov. De samlede omkostninger ved byggeriet var 1,8 milliarder kroner.

Formel 1
Det første Formel 1 grand prix i Tyrkiet, Tyrkiets Grand Prix, blev kørt 21. august 2005, med finnen Kimi Räikkönen som vinder. Ud af de syv Formel 1-løb som er kørt på banen, har Felipe Massa vundet de tre.

I 2012 afviste den tyrkiske premierminister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, at staten skulle være med til at finansiere løbet i 2012-sæsonen, og de tyrkiske arrangører manglede derfor 75 millioner kr., ud af de 125 millioner som det kostede at være arrangør af et grand prix. En af årsagerne var blandt andet, at løbene de foregående år ikke havde haft den forventede interesse fra tilskuere. Dette var selvom der var lavet en længerevarende aftale mellem Formula One Group og banen.

Vindere af Formel 1 i Istanbul

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Intercity Istanbul Parks officielle hjemmeside

Formel 1-baner
Park
Motorsportsanlæg i Tyrkiet
Etableret i 2005

Istanbul Park


Eine Frage der Ehre (Originaltitel: Una questione d'onore) ist ein Film von Luigi Zampa aus dem Jahr 1966. Der Film spielt auf Sardinien zu einer Zeit, da die Blutrache noch nicht völlig geächtet war. Die Premiere fand im Wettbewerb bei der Berlinale 1966 statt. Deutschsprachige Alternativtitel sind Ehrensache und Sardische Blutrache.

Handlung
Der sardische Tagelöhner Efesio Mulas hat ein Problem. Seine Verlobte Domenicangela wird nach drei Jahren, die sie wegen Körperverletzung im Gefängnis abgesessen hat, aufgrund einer Amnestie entlassen. Sie hatte ihn damals mit einer Sichel angegriffen, weil er ihre Gefühle für ihn abgewiesen hat. Efesio interessierte sich nicht für das magere, unscheinbare Mädchen. Ihre vier Brüder haben daraufhin, um die Ehre des Mädchens zu schützen, beschlossen, dass Efesio und Domenicangela verlobt sind. Seit diesem Zeitpunkt überwachen sie ihn und verhindern jeden Kontakt zu anderen Frauen.

Domenicangela hat sich während der Jahre im Gefängnis zu einer sehr attraktiven Frau entwickelt. Als sie nach der Haft mit dem Schiff am Hafen ankommt, ist Efesio von ihr bezaubert. Sie lässt ihn jetzt schmoren, willigt aber nach einer Weile doch in die Heirat ein.

In diesem sardischen Dorf gibt es eine uralte Vendetta zwischen den Familien Sanna und Porcu. Als der Familienvorstand der Sannas, ebenfalls durch die Amnestie freigekommen, ermordet wird und einige Indizien auf Efesio als Täter hindeuten, muss dieser am Tag seiner Hochzeit fliehen. Don Leandro Sanna verhilft ihm zur Flucht nach Mailand.

Nachdem der Bruder von Don Leandro Sanna einen Porcu tötet, bekommt es Don Leandro mit der Angst zu tun und reist nach Mailand, um Efisio mit dem Mord an Egidio Porcu zu beauftragen. Efisio willigt ein, weil er sich in Mailand einsam fühlt und er seine Frau sehnsüchtig wiedersehen möchte. Den Mord an Egidio Porcu begeht aber ein Unbekannter, da Efisio nur seine Frau im Kopf hat und jetzt endlich mit ihr die "Hochzeitsnacht" nachholen kann.

In Abwesenheit wird Efisio mangels Beweisen freigesprochen und so kann er offiziell in sein Dorf zurückkehren. Bei der Ankunft erfährt er, dass Domenicangela schwanger ist. Da niemand von seinem heimlichen Besuch erfahren darf, hält man sie für eine Ehebrecherin. Don Leandro hat ihn in der Hand und versucht, Efisio dazu zu bringen, seine Frau zu töten, um jeglichen Verdacht gegen ihn aus der Welt zu schaffen. Efisio versucht jedoch, den wahren Mörder zu finden. Als er ihn aufgetan hat, wird auch dieser erschossen. So bleibt Efisio kein anderer Ausweg, als seine Frau zu töten. Als Mann, der seine Ehre gerächt hat, wird er mit dem Schiff in ein Gefängnis auf dem italienischen Festland gebracht.

Kritik

Weblinks

 Eine Frage der Ehre auf filmtv.it (italienisch)

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 1966
Italienischer Film
Filmdrama

Eine Frage der Ehre (1966)


Octotropideae es una tribu de plantas pertenecientes a la familia Rubiaceae.

Géneros
Según wikispecies
Feretia - Fernelia - Flagenium - Hypobathrum - Kraussia - Lemyrea - Octotropis - Paragenipa - Polysphaeria - Pouchetia - Ramosmania

Según NCBI:Canephora - Feretia - Fernelia - Hypobathrum - Kraussia - Paragenipa - Polysphaeria - Pouchetia - Ramosmania - Xantonnea

Referencias

Octotropideae


En rulletekst er en præsentation i slutningen af en film eller et tv-program, hvor bidragydere krediteres.

I film krediteres ofte skuespillere først. Skuespillernes navne listes så op i henhold til enten størrelsen på rollerne, når rollen indtræder i filmen eller bare i alfabetisk orden. Videre følger teknisk personale, skaberne af programmet og andre bidragydere.

Typiske krediteringer i en rulletekst
Instruktør
Producer
Manuskriptforfatter
Lydtekniker
Klipper

Film

Rulletekst


سرعة الكهرباء يطلق مصطلح على الحركة البطيئة نسبيا للإلكترونات الحرة أو الأيونات خلال موصل كهربائي في وجود مجال كهربائي، كما تعرّف أيضا بسرعة الانجراف. جرت العادة أن تخلط الأمور بين سرعة الكهرباء وسرعة الموجة الكهرومغنطيسية والتي لها خصائص الضوء. الموجة الكهرومغنطيسية هي المسؤولة عن نقل المعلومات أو البيانات، وليس حركة الالكترونات.

تتحرك الالكترونات الحرة في موصل ليس به مجال كهربائي بشكل عشوائي عادة اعتمادا على كمية الحرارة المكتسبة. عند تسليط جهد كهربائي ذا تيار مستمر على طرفي الموصل فسوف تزداد حركية الالكترونات وسرعتها بشكل يتناسب طرديا مع شدة المجال المسلط كما أنها تأخذ اتجاها موحدا. في الظروف العادية تكون هذه السرعات بحدود بضعة مليمترات في الثانية الواحدة. أما عند تسليط جهد ذا تيار متناوب فإن الالكترونات تظل متذبذبة عادة في ذهابا وإيابا وقد لاتجد الفرصة لإكمال الحركة على طول الموصل (اعتمادا على كل من شدة المجال الكهربائي وتردده). في الأحوال الطبيعية تتراوح سرعة الكهرباء بين بضعة ميليمترات في الثانية وبضعة مليمترات في اليوم إلا أنها تزداد مع زيادة كثافة التيار المار في الموصل وقد تصل إلى آلاف الكيلومترات في الثانية في حالة الموصلات الفائقة.

بالمقابل، تنتشر الموجة الكهرومغنطيسية حول الموصل بسرعة فائقة، اعتمادا على ثابت عازلية المادة. تكون هذه السرعة في الفراغ مساوية لسرعة الضوء في الفراغ (والهواء تقريبا)، لكنها تتأثر بوجود المواد العازلة، فمثلا عندما لايكون الموصل النحاسي مغلفا بمادة عازلة (أي أنه مكشوف) فإن سرعة موجته الكهرومغنطيسية تكون حوالي 96% من سرعة الضوء، بينما تنخفض في الكابل المحوري إلى 66% من سرعة الضوء تقريبا.

سرعة الكهرباء يطلق مصطلح على الحركة البطيئة نسبيا للإلكترونات الحرة أو الأيونات خلال موصل كهربائي في وجود مجال كهربائي، كما تعرّف أيضا بسرعة الانجراف. جرت العادة أن تخلط الأمور بين سرعة الكهرباء وسرعة الموجة الكهرومغنطيسية والتي لها خصائص الضوء. الموجة الكهرومغنطيسية هي المسؤولة عن نقل المعلومات أو البيانات، وليس حركة الالكترونات.

تتحرك الالكترونات الحرة في موصل ليس به مجال كهربائي بشكل عشوائي عادة اعتمادا على كمية الحرارة المكتسبة. عند تسليط جهد كهربائي ذا تيار مستمر على طرفي الموصل فسوف تزداد حركية الالكترونات وسرعتها بشكل يتناسب طرديا مع شدة المجال المسلط كما أنها تأخذ اتجاها موحدا. في الظروف العادية تكون هذه السرعات بحدود بضعة مليمترات في الثانية الواحدة. أما عند تسليط جهد ذا تيار متناوب فإن الالكترونات تظل متذبذبة عادة في ذهابا وإيابا وقد لاتجد الفرصة لإكمال الحركة على طول الموصل (اعتمادا على كل من شدة المجال الكهربائي وتردده). في الأحوال الطبيعية تتراوح سرعة الكهرباء بين بضعة ميليمترات في الثانية وبضعة مليمترات في اليوم إلا أنها تزداد مع زيادة كثافة التيار المار في الموصل وقد تصل إلى آلاف الكيلومترات في الثانية في حالة الموصلات الفائقة.

بالمقابل، تنتشر الموجة الكهرومغنطيسية حول الموصل بسرعة فائقة، اعتمادا على ثابت عازلية المادة. تكون هذه السرعة في الفراغ مساوية لسرعة الضوء في الفراغ (والهواء تقريبا)، لكنها تتأثر بوجود المواد العازلة، فمثلا عندما لايكون الموصل النحاسي مغلفا بمادة عازلة (أي أنه مكشوف) فإن سرعة موجته الكهرومغنطيسية تكون حوالي 96% من سرعة الضوء، بينما تنخفض في الكابل المحوري إلى 66% من سرعة الضوء تقريبا.

الصيغة الرياضية
تعطى سرعة الكهرباء (الالكترونات الحرة أو الأيونات) في موصل بالعلاقة:

حيث:
 شدة التيار المار في الموصل (أمبير)
 سرعة الكهرباء (متر\ثانية)
 عدد حاملات الشحنة في وحدة الحجوم (متر مكعب-1)
 شحنة الإلكترون (1.602176487 × 10-19 كولوم)
 نصف قطر الموصل (بالمتر)
 مساحة المقطع العرضي للموصل (بالمتر المربع)

سبب سرعة استجابة الكهرباء الفائقة
قد يتساءل البعض عن السبب الذي يجعلنا نرى أن سرعة الكهرباء عالية جدا عندما نلاحظ أن المصباح وباقي الأجهزة الكهربائية تستجيب بمجرد غلق الدائرة الكهربائية. لتوضيح هذا السبب يمكن سرد مثال آخر في الطبيعة وهو الماء. عندما يكون أنبوب الماء مملوءاً ومتروكا بشكل عمودي نلاحظ أنه مهما كان بعد فتحته عن الصنبور فإن الماء يتدفق من الفوهة مباشرة بمجرد فتح هذا الصنبور. السبب هو أن جزيئات الماء كانت موجودة مسبقاً وتشغر الفراغ الموجود في الأنبوب وبالتالي بمجرد فتح الصنبور فإن طاقة الحركة وكمية التحرك في أحد أطراف الأنبوب (عند الصنبور) تنتقل بشكل دفعة أو صدمة من جزيء أو ذرة إلى أخرى على طول الأنبوب بسرعة أعلى بكثير من حركة الماء نفسه، الأمر الذي يجعلنا نرى تدفقه لحظيا في الطرف الآخر.

كذلك الحال بالنسبة للإلكترونات أو حاملات الشحنة التي تكون موجودة أصلا في الموصل وكل مانفعله هو التسبب بدفعها من طرف لكي تنتقل الطاقة الحركية وكمية التصادم من الكترون إلى آخر بسرعة هائلة تكون نتيجتها استجابة كهربائية على طول الموصل.

المصادر

إنظر أيضا
 سرعة الانسياق
 سرعة الضوء

كهرباء
كهرومغناطيسية

سرعة الكهرباء


Holo Pacha el-Abed (en  / Hawlū Bāšā al-ʿĀbid ; en  ou ), né en 1824 et mort en 1895, est un administrateur syrien sous le règne du sultan ottoman Abdülaziz. Il descendait des bédouins syriens mawālī. Il « est nommé qâim maqâm de la Békaa, puis mutasarrif de plusieurs districts de la Damascène, avant de devenir président du Conseil administratif de la wilâya de Damas en 1890. » Il est le père d'Ahmed Izzet Pacha el-Abed et le grand-père de Mohammed Ali Bey el-Abed.

Références

Naissance en 1824
Décès en 1895

Holo Pacha el-Abed


جمال عبد الرحيم مؤلف موسيقي مصري وهو أول من درس التأليف أكاديمياً في أوروبا، وهو مؤسس قسم التأليف الموسيقي بالمعهد العالى الموسيقى "الكونسيرفتوار" في مصر.

حياته

ولد جمال عبد الرحيم بالقاهرة عام 1924م لوالد عاشق للموسيقى العربية، وكان والده يعزف على عدة الآت شرقية واخترع فلوت لعزف ارباع الاصوات، من هنا بدات صله جمال عبد الرحيم بالبيانو منذ صغره، فعلم نفسه العزف الغربي، وعندما ألتحق بجامعة القاهرة بكلية الآداب لدراسة التاريخ اتيحت له فرصه لدراسة العزف على البيانو الهارمونيكا، وبعد تخرجه وحصوله على ليسانس الآداب عام 1945م سافر في بعثه إلى ألمانيا لدراسة التاليف الموسيقى بها بأكاديمية فرايبورغ من العام 1951م وحتى 1957م.

وبعد عودته اشتغل بالتدريس في الكونسرفتوار منذ انشائه، ثم اسس أول قسم لتدريس التاليف الموسيقى في العالم العربي وراسه حتى عام 1985 وتخرج على يديه منه عدد كبير من المؤلفين المصريين والعرب من الجيل الثالث والرابع كان من أهمهم:أحمد الصعيدي، جمال سلامة، راجح داوود، مونا عنيم، ود.محمد عبد الوهاب عبد الفتاح.

فلسفته الموسيقية

كان جمال عبد الرحيم يكرس مجهوده في البحث عن أسلوب موسيقي تندمج فيه عناصر التراث المصري بشقيه الشعبي والتقليدي مع عناصر منتقاة من الموسيقى الغربية المعاصرة، حيث استنبط لنفسه أسلوبا خاصا وفق بين جوهر الموسيقى العربية وبين التاليف الغربي المعاصر، وتوصل لاندماج فنى رفيع بين جوهر الموسيقى المصرية التقليدية والشعبية وبين بعض تقنيات موسيقى القرن العشرين وأسلوبه يعتمد على الالحان المقامية بأبعادها المميزة (التانيه الزائده في فصيله الحجاز والرابعه الناقصه في الصبا بأنواعه) وتتميز أعماله بابتكار وخيال تلوينى باهر، وهو أول من استخدم الات الإيقاع الغربي الحديثة مثل الفبرافون والماريمبا وغيرها في مصر جنبا إلى جنب مع الآت الإيقاع الشعبية المصرية مثل البندير والدربكه والدف كعناصر تلوينية شيقة.

أعماله

كتب جمال عبد الرحيم العديد من مؤلفات موسيقى الحجرة والكورال والأوركسترا والباليه والموسيقى تصويرية ونال الكثير من الجوائز والأوسمة منها جائزة جمال عبد الناصر ووسام العلوم والفنون وجائزة الدولة في التأليف الموسيقي عن موسيقى «موال من مصر» عام 1973م، كما ترجمت العديد من مؤلفاته إلى اللغات الأوروبية، ونشرت عنه دور النشر الغربية والعربية.

من أهم أعماله في مجال موسيقى الحجرة «ثنائية الفيولينة والتشيللو»، وفي مجال الابداع الاوركسترالى «روندو بلدى» وباليه "حسن ونعيمة"، وبالية ازوريس عام 1984م والذي يحكى أسطورة ايزيس واوزوريس الفرعونية.

وقد وصفت موسيقاه بانها النظير الموسيقى لما حققه حسن فتحي في العمارة المصرية، وكتب عنه الناقد الالمانى شتوكنشمنت «ان موسيقاه اندماج عضوى بين روح الشرق وتكنيك الغرب يمثل خطوه ابعد من بارتوك»

وقد اصدرت هيئه فولبرايت الأمريكية المصرية كتابا تذكاريا عنه عام 1993م، كما ترجمت بعض أعماله الغنائية وقدمت في سويسرا وسجلت على اسطوانة أوركسترا الأوبرا الغنائية «الصحوة» وهي من أشعار صلاح عبد الصبور وتأليف جمال عبد الرحيم.

وقد أقيمت في العام 2005 احتفالية بدار الأوبرا المصرية لذكرى مرور 80 عاما على ميلاد المؤلف الموسيقي جمال عبد الحيم قدمت فيها عدد من أعماله.

وفاته
توفي المؤلف الموسيقي جمال عبد الرحيم في العام 1988م، وقد كان متزوج من المؤرخة الموسيقية الراحلة د. سمحة الخولي، أنجب منها بنتًا واحدة هي عازفة الفيولينة بسمة عبد الرحيم، وهي متزوجة من عازف التشللو كامل صلاح الدين.

انظر أيضًا
 كامل الرمالي

روابط خارجية

مراجع

 منتدى سماعي للطرب

أشخاص من القاهرة
خريجو جامعة القاهرة
خريجو جامعة فرايبورغ للموسيقى
عازفو بيانو
عازفو بيانو كلاسيكيون ذكور
عازفو بيانو كلاسيكيون في القرن 20
عازفو بيانو كلاسيكيون مصريون
عازفو بيانو مصريون
مصريون حائزون على وسام العلوم والفنون
مغتربون مصريون في ألمانيا
ملحنون كلاسيكيون
ملحنون مصريون
مواليد 1924
موسيقيون ذكور في القرن 20
موسيقيون ذكور مصريون في القرن 20
موسيقيون مصريون
موسيقيون من القاهرة
مؤلفون موسيقيون في القرن ال20
مؤلفون موسيقيون مصريون
وفيات 1409 هـ
وفيات 1988

جمال عبد الرحيم


ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ මහාචාර්ය උපුල් සොන්නාදර   (ඉංග්‍රීසි: Upul Sonnadara) යනු  පීඨාධිපති විද්‍යා පීඨය කොළඹ විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය, සභාපති (නවීන තාක්ෂණය) ආතර් සී. ක්ලාක් ආයතනය මොරටුව, භෞතික විද්‍යාව පිළිබඳ ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ මහාචාර්ය කොළඹ විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය.

මොහු කොළඹ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය, පිට්ස්බර්ග් විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය ඇමරිකානු එක්සත් ජනපදයහි උපාධිදරයෙකි.

උපුල් සොන්නාදර  කොළඹ නාලන්දා විද්‍යාලයයේ ආදි සිසුවෙකි.

ආශ්‍රිත

 කොළඹ නාලන්දා විද්‍යාලයයේ ආදි සිසු මහාචාර්ය වරුන්

චරිත කතා
ශ්‍රී ලාංකිකයෝ
ශ්‍රී ලාංකික බෞද්ධයෝ
ලාංකික සිංහලයෝ
ආදි නාලන්දියයෝ
මහාචාර්යවරු - ශ්‍රී ලංකා

උපුල් සොන්නාදර


Le féroce d'avocat est un mets à base d'avocats écrasés, de morue salée préparée en chiquetaille, de piment et de divers autres ingrédients.

Mise en bouche traditionnelle de la cuisine antillaise (en particulier en Martinique), le féroce d'avocat est surtout servi en apéritif ou en entrée.

Origine
Le nom du plat découle du piment omniprésent dans le goût du mets.

Ce plat était traditionnellement réalisé en Martinique pour le petit déjeuner dans certaines familles.

Variante
Le féroce d'avocat, bien que la recette traditionnelle soit élaborée avec de la morue, peut être fait avec du thon ou encore du crabe.

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Cuisine antillaise

Spécialité à base de morue
Cuisine antillaise

Féroce d'avocat


Candelariodon es un género extinto de terápsidos ("reptiles" mamiferoides) cinodontos que vivió en el Triásico Medio (Ladiniense) en lo que ahora es Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Candelariodon se conoce por una mandíbula parcial con algunos dientes completos. Se encontró en la Formación Santa María. Fue nombrada oficialmente por Téo Veiga De Oliveira, Cesar Leandro Schultz, Marina Bento Soares y Carlos Nunes Rodrigues en 2011 y la especie tipo es Candelariodon barberenai.

Referencias

Cynodontia
Sinápsidos del Triásico

Candelariodon


Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri bayrağı,  Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri devletinin resmi bayrağı.

21 Aralık 1971 yılında kabul edilmiştir. Bayrak ilk olarak 1916 yılında Osmanlı Devleti'ne karşı başlatılan Arap İsyanı bayrağı'ndan etkilenerek tasarlanmıştır ve Pan-Arap renkleri adı verilen kırmızı, yeşil, beyaz ve siyah renklerden oluşur. Ticaret ve yük gemileri kırmızı zeminin sol üst kısmında devletin bayrağı bulunan bir diğer simgeyi takarlar.

Bunların yanında bayrakta bulunan renklerin taşıdığı simgesel değerler şöyledir,

Tasarım
Ulusal bayrağın renk tonları ve oran ölçüleri aşağıdaki gibidir.

Tarihi bayraklar

Emirlik bayrakları

Günümüz bayrakları

Ayrıca bakınız
 Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri arması

Kaynakça
https://www.fotw.info/flags/ae.html

Dış bağlantılar
 First raising of the flag on 2 December, 1971 (photo)

Bayrak
Ulusal bayraklar
Asya bayrakları

Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri bayrağı


Melicope knudsenii, es una especie de arbusto pertreneciente a la familia de las rutáceas. Es un endemismo de Hawái. Se encuentra en los bosques lluviosos dominados por Acacia koa, Metrosideros polymorpha, y Dicranopteris linearis en Kauai. Las plantas asociadas incluyen a Syzygium sandwicensis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Myrsine lessertiana, Ilex anomala, Alphitonia ponderosa, Zanthoxylum dipetalum, Kadua terminalis, Pleomele aurea,
Bobea spp., Tetraplasandra waimeae, Xylosma hawaiiense, Eurya sandwicensis, Psychotria mariniana, Melicope anisata, Melicope barbigera, Pouteria sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, y
Dianella sandwicensis. Está tratada en peligro de extinción por la pérdida de hábitat.

Descripción
Es un árbol que puede alcanzar los 10 metros de altura. Lleva grandes inflorescencias que contienen hasta 200 flores cada una.

Este árbol es muy raro hoy en día, sólo existe en las islas de Kauai y Maui en pequeñas cantidades. Para 2008 había tres plantas en Kauai. Una encuesta de 1999 informó de un solo individuo salvaje que quedaba en Maui, y un árbol cultivado en un jardín botánico. Este último es utilizado en la producción de semillas, que son recogidas. Las plántulas se plantaron en el hábitat apropiado.

Taxonomía
Melicope knudsenii fue descrita por (Hillebr.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone y publicado en Taxon 38: 121, en el año 1989.
Sinonimia
Pelea knudsenii Hillebr.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

knudsenii

Melicope knudsenii


Eskibedil, Sakarya ilinin Akyazı ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Eski ismi Bedil olup çok eski bir Macır mahallesi olduğu Osmanlı arsivlerinde geçer.

Coğrafya
Sakarya il merkezine 20 km, Akyazı ilçesine 8 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Kaynakça

Akyazı'nın mahalleleri

Eskibedil, Akyazı


Campingrådet var en privat dansk paraplyorganisation for campingplads-ejere og brugere. Den blev grundlagt som forening i 1989, af de kommercielle aktører i campingbranchen.
Den 1 januar 1990 trak foreningen Campingrådet sig ud af Friluftsrådet som siden 1942 havde taget sig af alle campingrelaterede spørgsmål. Dermed lykkedes det igennem mange år at overbevise både befolkningen og politikerne at den private forening var et officielt offentligt organ, hvad det dog aldrig var. . Foreningens bestyrelse blev valgt, så den altid bestod af et overtal af repræsentanter for campingpladsejernes interesser. Dette foregik i henhold til foreningens vedtægter. Foreningen Campingrådet blev den 3 november 2017 sat under konkursbehandling af Sø- og Handelsretten Statstidende dekret S03112017-238.

Campingpas
Ordet "Campingpas" er et dansk ord som foreningen Campingrådet har opfundet.
Denne betegnelse blev siden misbrugt, så mange i Danmark troede at der var et offentligt krav om køb af et bestemt kort for at få lov til at campere.
At man skulle købe et bestemt kort og at kun dette kunne accepteres, blev afgjort ulovligt (overtrædelse af danske og EU-konkurrencelove) i 2017 af Konkurrencerådet, hvilket afstedkom foreningen Campingrådets konkurs. I 2018 stadfæstede Konkurrenceankenævnet afgørelsen med en kendelse, og sendte sagen videre til SØIK (Bagmandspolitiet) Sagen endte med en bøde som blev godkedt af kurator på kr. 400.000,- til Campingrådet. Sagen afstedkom også en bøde til DK-Camp på kr. 300.000,-

I Danmark begynder man i 1920'erne at samle og organisere det frie lejrliv, i Lejr-sportsklubber.
Selve ordningen med Lejrpas/campingpas, blev etableret og administreret af Danmarks Naturfredningsforening, senere under navnet 'Lejerpladsudvalget' frem til 1955.
I 1942 overdrages administrationen af Lejrpasset til Friluftsrådet og dets medlemsorganisationer, som administrerer ordningen frem til 1990.

Oprindeligt fandtes der lejrpas (som var gratis). Disse lejrpas blev udstedt af lejrpladsen, så man havde styr på hvem der kom ind på pladserne. Dette kunne så afstedkomme at hvis man ikke opførte sig ordentligt kunne lejrpasset inddrages og man kunne så ikke længere campere på denne forenings lejrplads.

Med campingreglementet fra år 2000 var det ikke længere lovligt for nye campingpladser at forbeholde adgang til campingpladsen for egne medlemmer. Derudover ønskede de kommercielle campingpladser at være mere internationale og kaldte nu lejrpasset for et "campingpas" og krævede samtidig at man skulle købe det for at kunne overnatte på en campingplads.

Grønne nummerplader
Der var tidligere et ønske om at campingpladser ikke skulle udvikle sig til "Trailerparker" som man ser i USA og Holland. For at dette ikke skulle ske blev disse store mobilhomes forbudt og skulle fjernes. I den forbindelse skulle man kunne identificere disse vogne.

Foreningen Campingrådet fandt så på, at man kunne betale for at få denne identifikation, ved at købe grønne nummerplader.

Ordet "grønne nummerplader" er et ord som foreningen Campingrådet har opfundet.

I forbindelse med kommunernes tilsyn af Campingpladser, skal alle beboelsesenheder kunne identificeres. Det er kommunen der bestemmer hvordan dette skal gøres. Kommunen må ikke kræve at ejeren af beboelsesenheden skal betale for denne identifikation, da det i så fald er en pålæggelse af skat. Kun folketinget må opkræve skat.

På en dansk campingplads, skal campingpladsejeren kunne identificere den enkelte campingvogn overfor kommunen:

A: Registreret med nummerplade i henhold til lov om registreringsafgift eller.
B: En plade af pap, papir, metal, plastic eller andet materiale påført numre &/ tal.

I campingreglementet er der intet krav til campisten om at kunne identificere sin vogn.

Hvis man er tvivl om hvordan identifikation skal være udført, skal man bede om en udskrift af kommunens bestemmelse i henhold til Campingreglementes §18 stk.2

Klassificering af pladser
Der findes ingen officiel klassificering af campingpladser i Danmark.
Alle kan selv bestemme hvorvidt de ønsker færre eller flere stjerner.
Der er også campingpladser i Danmark som ikke ønsker at have stjerner som en del af deres markedsføring.

Medlemmer
I september 2016 bestod Campingrådet af følgende medlemmer som har stemmeret:
 AutoCamperRådet
 Back to Nature - Camping med naturen i centrum
 Camping Branchen
 Cyklistforbundet
 Dansk Camping Union
 Dansk Caravan Klub
 DK-Camp
 DK Camping Club
 Dansk Cykelturisme
 Dansk Naturist Union
 Dansk Turismefremme
 FDM

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Campingrådets officielle websted
 Kritisk information om Campingrådet

Foreninger fra Danmark
Etableret i 1989
Rådet

Campingrådet


Point of View International (POV) er et dansk netmedie, der finansieres af abonnementssalg, frivillig læserstøtte, statslig mediestøtte og artikler betalt af private virksomheder.

Historie
Point of View International blev stiftet 1. februar 2016 af Annegrethe Rasmussen, Morten Bay og Signe Wenneberg. Mediet blev drevet igennem et interessentskab, der blev opløst med udgangen af 2017 og erstattet af en frivillig forening.

Indhold
POV udgiver artikler hvor journalister, eksperter og en lang række frivillige bidrager med redigerede artikler om de emner, der har deres interesse. Der er en gruppe faste skribenter tilknyttet, ligesom gæsteskribenter også bidrager. POV er tilmeldt Pressenævnet, men alle skribenter skriver i eget navn. Den ansvarshavende chefredaktør er ansvarlig overfor Pressenævnet.

Udbredelse
Point of View International udkommer dagligt på sin hjemmeside, og indlæggene deles på en tilknyttet Facebookside, der pr. 1. august 2020 har godt 55.000 følgere. Mediet har 300.000 sidevisninger om måneden. Desuden udgiver Point of View International Ugebrevet POV Weekend - et digitalt nyhedsmagasin, man kan tilmelde sig og som udkommer hver fredag. POV udgives også på Instagram, Twitter og LinkedIn.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Netaviser fra Danmark
Etableret i 2016

Point of View International


عنتر ولبلب هو فيلم مصري.

اسم الفيلم
كان اسم الفيلم في بداية عرضه (شمشون ولبلب) وبعد أسابيع قليلة من بداية عرضه تم سحبه من دور السينما دون سبب معروف، ثم عاد ليعرض بعدها بستة أشهر باسم (عنتر ولبلب)، وربما لاحظ الكثيرون أن اسم (عنتر) ينطق مع جميع الممثلين بنفس الصوت، وبصوت يخالف صوت الممثلين فعملية التوليف الصوتى به واضحة جداً، فقد تعرَّض الفيلم لعملية مونتاج لشريط الصوت شملت معظمه لحذف اسم (شمشون)، كلما ورد على لسان إحدى الشخصيات واستبداله باسم (عنتر) بصوت يختلف في نبراته وطبقته ودرجة تطابقه مع حركة الشفاه عن أصوات الممثلين الذين يرد الصوت على ألسنتهم، ومن بينهم أصحاب أصوات مميَّزة مثل عبد الوارث عسر، وشكوكو، وهو ما أثار شكوكاً في أن سبب سحب الفيلم من دور العرض لم يكن يتعلَّق فقط بتناوله للصراع الوطنى في مصر، بين المطالبين بتوقُّف المفاوضات، وبجلاء الإنجليز عن مصر، وهى الشعارات التي كانت سائدة آنذاك بين صفوف الحركة الوطنية المصرية، والتي ارتفعت بقوة خلال المد الوطنى الذي أعقب إلغاء معاهدة 1936، لكنها كانت تتعلَّق كذلك بإطلاق اسم (شمشون)، وهو أحد قضاة بنى إسرائيل وتصويره في صورة الرجل الشرير الذي يغتصب أرض غيره، ويفسد حياة أصحاب الأرض الأصليين، وهو ما يعنى أن الفيلم- باسمه الأصلى- كان يحاول أن يربط بين القضية الوطنية المصرية، والقضية الوطنية الفلسطينية، وأن يوجِّه للنشطاء على الصعيدين المصرى والفلسطينى رسالة خلاصتها: (أن الضعف ليس مبرراً للنكوص عن استرداد الحقوق، وأننا إذا لم نكن نملك القوة، فباستطاعتنا أن نستخدم الذكاء); لذلك تم تغيير التسمية من قاضى إسرائيل (شمشون) إلى بطل العرب (عنتر).

ملخص الأحداث

تقوم أحداث الفيلم في قالب كوميدى حيث يحاول عنتر أخذ محبوبة لبلب ويتزوجها فيقف له لبلب ويعقدا رهانا تكون حيثياته كالتالى:

أن يصفع لبلب عنتر كل يوم على الوجه لمده سبع أيام واذا تأخر ذهبت محبوبته لعنتر ويساعد عنتر عبد الوارث عسر والد العروس.

ولكن لبلب يستطيع في النهاية أن ينتصر ويضرب السبع صفعات.

الممثلون
 محمود شكوكو في دور لبلب
 سراج منير في دور عنتر
 عبد الوارث عسر في دور المعلم رضوان
 عبد الفتاح القصري في دور المعلم عقلة
 حورية حسن في دور لوزة
 ببا إبراهيم في دور زوجة عنتر

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أفلام عبد الوارث عسر
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1952
أفلام مصرية بالأبيض والأسود
أفلام محمود شكوكو
أفلام سراج منير
أفلام عبد الفتاح القصري

عنتر ولبلب (فيلم)