Meredith Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Meredith Township (Kansas)
 Meredith Township (North Carolina)

Meredith Township


L'Assemblée du peuple de Corée du Nord était la législature monocamérale du Comité populaire de Corée du Nord. Il se composait de 237 députés élus lors d'une réunion des comités populaires provinciaux, municipaux et départementaux, des partis politiques et des organisations sociales de Corée du Nord qui s'est tenue du  au .

Il a tenu sa première session les  et  et sa dernière session les  et , après quoi il a été remplacé par l'Assemblée populaire suprême de la République populaire démocratique de Corée nouvellement créée.

Histoire
Le , le Comité populaire provisoire de Corée du Nord a organisé des élections pour les comités populaires de la province, de la ville et du comté, qui étaient les premières élections tenues en Corée du Nord.

Du  au , des représentants des comités populaires des provinces, des villes et des comtés de Corée du Nord, ainsi que des représentants des partis politiques et des organisations sociales, se sont réunis pour organiser l'Assemblée populaire de Corée du Nord en élisant 237 députés.

L'Assemblée populaire de Corée du Nord a tenu sa première session les  et , qui a organisé le Comité populaire de Corée du Nord avec Kim Il-sung comme président.

L'Assemblée du peuple aurait ensuite quatre sessions ordinaires supplémentaires et une session extraordinaire. Il a principalement travaillé aux préparatifs de la création de la République populaire démocratique de Corée.

Sa cinquième et dernière session ordinaire s'est tenue les 9 et 10 juillet 1948, ce qui a conduit à la mise en œuvre de la Constitution de la République populaire démocratique de Corée et à la décision d'organiser des élections pour l'Assemblée populaire suprême le .

L'Assemblée du peuple de Corée du Nord a été élue par élection indirecte par des représentants des comités populaires provinciaux, municipaux et de comté, des partis politiques et des organisations sociales de toute la Corée du Nord lors d'une réunion qui s'est tenue du  au .

Il y avait  qui ont assisté à la réunion. Les représentants des comités populaires à tous les niveaux de la réunion ont été choisis sur la base d'un représentant pour trois députés des comités populaires. Chaque parti politique et organisation sociale a envoyé cinq représentants à la réunion.

Les représentants de la réunion ont ensuite élu un comité qui examinerait les candidatures à l'Assemblée du peuple. Il s'agissait d'un comité de 15 membres composé de Kim Il-sung (en tant que président du comité populaire de Pyongyang), de six présidents du comité populaire provincial, de trois représentants de partis politiques et de quatre représentants d'organisations sociales. Ce comité a ensuite choisi 237 candidats sur la base de 1 candidat pour cinq représentants à l'assemblée. Les 237 candidats ont ensuite été élus par tous les représentants présents à la réunion.

Les 237 députés élus de l'Assemblée du peuple se composaient de 86 députés du Parti du travail de Corée du Nord, 30 députés du Parti démocrate coréen, 30 députés du Parti Chondogyo-Chong-u et 91 députés indépendants.

Pouvoirs
L'Assemblée populaire de Corée du Nord exerçait des pouvoirs législatifs et était la plus haute institution du pouvoir d'État du Comité populaire de Corée du Nord. Il a exercé au cours de son existence les pouvoirs suivants :

 Élection du président du Comité populaire de Corée du Nord.
 Élection du président de la Cour suprême.
 Élection du chef du Bureau des procureurs suprêmes.
 Décidez du commerce extérieur.
 Protéger la sécurité nationale.
 Adoptez le plan économique du peuple.
 Approuver le budget de l'État.
 Créer et modifier des zones administratives.
 Communiquer les décisions sur la mise en œuvre des amnisties.

Lorsque l'Assemblée populaire de Corée du Nord est en congé, ses pouvoirs sont exercés en son nom par le Comité permanent de l'Assemblée populaire de Corée du Nord.

Séances
L'Assemblée populaire de Corée du Nord s'est réunie en session ordinaire une fois tous les trois mois. Au total, cinq sessions ordinaires et une session extraordinaire ont été tenues pendant l'existence de l'assemblée.

Notes et références

Corée du Nord
Parlement par pays
Organe législatif par pays
Pages avec des traductions non relues

Assemblée du peuple de Corée du Nord


John Banks or Bankes may refer to:

Politics and law
Sir John Banks, 1st Baronet (1627–1699), English merchant and Member of Parliament
John Banks (American politician) (1793–1864), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
John Gray Banks (1888–1961), politician in Canada
John Banks (activist) (1915–2010), English political activist and writer
John Banks (New Zealand politician) (born 1946), New Zealand politician
Sir John Bankes (1589–1644), Attorney General and Chief Justice to King Charles I of England
John Bankes (judge) (1854–1947), English judge
John Bankes (died 1772), British politician
John Eldon Bankes (1854–1946), Welsh judge
John Garnett Banks (1889–1974), Scottish businessman and local politician
John Bankes (died 1714), Member of Parliament 1698–1714 for Corfe Castle
John W. Banks (1867–1958), justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court

Sport
John Banks (cricketer) (1903–1979), New Zealand cricketer
John Banks (motorcyclist), British motocross racer
John Banks (baseball) (?–2011), Negro league baseball player
John Banks (footballer) (1875–1947), English footballer
Johnny Banks (1861–?), American boxer

Others
John Banks (playwright) (died 1706), English playwright of the Restoration era
John Banks (East India Company officer) (1811–1857), British officer
John Thomas Banks (1816–1908), Anglo-Irish physician
John Banks (drummer) (1943–1988), drummer for The Merseybeats
John Banks (mercenary recruiter) (1945–?), British mercenary recruiter

See also
John Bancks (1709–1751), writer
Jonathan Banks (born 1947), American character actor

John Banks


L'opération Oregon était une opération du US Marine Corps qui s'est déroulée dans la rue sans joie à environ 36 km au nord-ouest de Huế, du 19 au .

Prélude
Le , la  division de l'Armée de la république du Viêt Nam (ARVN) avait tué plus de 50 soldats du  bataillon du Viet Cong dans la zone au sud de la capitale du district de Phong Điền. Le commandement ARVN a demandé aux Marines de monter une opération à  au nord de Phong Điền. Le plan d'opération prévoyait que les compagnies A et B du  soient débarquées par des hélicoptères au nord et au sud de la route 597, puis se déplacent de 4 km au sud-est pour balayer les hameaux d'Ap Phu An et d'Ap Tay Hoang qui seraient détenus par le  Bataillon Viet Cong. Le  renforcerait si l'ennemi était engagé. L'opération devait être lancée le 19 mars mais le mauvais temps a forcé un report au 20 mars.

Opération

20 mars

Le débarquement des  a été retardé de 4 heures en raison du brouillard, à 10 h 15, les hélicoptères du HMM-163 étaient au-dessus des zones d'atterrissage mais ont été accueillis par des tirs antiaériens. En raison de la faible altitude des nuages, l'appui aérien n'était pas disponible, mais les tirs d'artillerie du  Bataillon,  Marines à Phong Điền ont adouci les zones d'atterrissage et les Marines ont commencé à atterrir à 12h55. Alors que les Marines commençaient à quitter la zone de débarquement, Robin Company B s'est déplacée dans un champ de mines autour du hameau d'Ap Chinh An à 800 km de la zone de débarquement, Robin blessant 1 Marine. Les Marines ont tenté de prendre le hameau mais ont découvert que les Viet Cong avaient fortifié tout le hameau avec des bunkers et des barbelés. Les Marines se sont retirés pour permettre à l'appui aérien, à l'artillerie et à la marine de frapper les positions du Viet Cong. À 16h49, la Compagnie E a été débarquée pour renforcer les Marines mais le soir, l'attaque a été stoppée, les Marines avaient subi 9 morts et 41 blessés.

21 mars
L'artillerie de marine a bombardé les positions du Viet Cong tandis qu'un épais brouillard a retardé les frappes aériennes prévues. Les  ont capturé Ap Chinh An avec une opposition minimale car les Viet Cong avaient abandonné leurs positions pendant la nuit.  a été débarqué à Landing Zone Duck à 3 km à l'ouest de LZ Robin à 11h15 sans rencontrer de résistance. L'opération s'est poursuivie pendant les 2 jours suivants sans autres engagements.

Conséquences
L'opération Oregon s'est terminée le 23 mars, les Marines avaient subi 11 morts et 45 blessés et affirmant que les Vietcongs avaient tué 48 et capturé 8.

Notes et références

Bataille de la guerre du Viêt Nam impliquant les États-Unis

Opération Oregon


Steve Grand OBE (born 12 February 1958) is a British computer scientist and roboticist. He was the creator and lead programmer of the Creatures artificial life simulation, which he discussed in his first book Creation: Life and How to Make It, a finalist for the 2001 Aventis Prize for Science Books. He is also an Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, which he received in 2000.

Grand's project from 2001 to 2006 was the building of an artificial robot baby orangutan, with the intention of having it learn as a human baby would. This is documented in his book Growing up with Lucy.

Projects
Creatures
One of the best known projects created by Steve Grand is Creatures, an artificial life simulation, which his company Cyberlife released in 1996.

Lucy, the Android
His project from 2001 to 2005 was Lucy, a mechanical baby orangutan. Lucy was an attempt at simulating the mind of a human baby.

Sim-biosis
Grand worked on Sim-biosis, a computer simulation game in which complete artificial creatures could be built from functional, structural units. It is available on SourceForge under the name Simergy.

Grandroids
In February 2011, Grand announced a new project, Grandroids, described as "real 'alien' life forms who can live in a virtual world on your computer".

Bibliography

 Creation: Life and How to Make It (2001)
 Growing Up with Lucy (2004)
 What is the Secret of Consciousness? (2014) TEDxOporto presentation

References

External links

 Transcript of Steve's keynote speech, "Machines Like Us," given at the Applied Knowledge Research Institute's 2002 Biennial Seminar
 Steve Grand at the Creatures Wiki
 Feature article on Steve Grand's anthropoid orangutan, Lucy
 Steve Grand quotes
 Steve Grand's discussion with Johnjoe McFadden
 Cyberlife Research Limited
 Steve Grand's Machines Like Us interview
 Grandroids: Real artificial life on your PC a project by Steve Grand

1958 births
Artificial intelligence researchers
British roboticists
Creatures (video game series)
English computer scientists
Living people
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Researchers of artificial life

Steve Grand (roboticist)


වර්ණකුලසූරිය පටබැඳිගේ උෂාන්ත ජෝසෆ්  චමින්ද වාස් (1974 ජනවාරි 27 මත්තුමගල දී උපත ලැබීය) ශ්‍රී ලාංකික ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩකයෙක් වන අතර ඔහු රටෙන් මතු වුණ හොඳම වේග පන්දු යවන්නා ලෙස සලකනු ලැබේ. BBC ගුවන් විදුලි සේවයෙහි විශේෂ ටෙස්ට් තරඟ සඳහා සංඛ්‍යාලේඛනඥ සහ ලකුණු ගණන් බලන්නෙකු වන බිල් ෆ්‍රින්ඩල්ට අනුව ඔහුගේ අදහස වන්නේ චමින්ද යනු ඔහුගේ අවසන් නම වන අතර එම නිසා ඔහුගේ නමෙහි මුලකුරු WPUJC ලෙස කියවිය යුතු බවය. 2004 වර්ෂයේ දී ඔහු ICC කුසලාන සමාරම්භක උළෙලේ දී ලෝක ටෙස්ට් ශූරතා සහ එක්දින XI තරග සඳහා තෝරා ගනු ලැබීමෙන් සිය දක්ෂතා සඳහා නමක් දිනා ගත්තේය. ඔහු නැවත වතාවක් 2005 ත්‍යාග ප්‍රදානයේ දී ලෝක ටෙස්ට් XI ශූරතා තරඟය සඳහා තෝරා ගනු ලැ‍බුණි.

දිවියේ විශේෂ අවස්ථා
කොළඹ ශාන්ත ජෝසප් විද්‍යාලයේ ආදි ශිෂ්‍යයෙකු වූ ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායමට එකතු වූයේ 1994 දීය. ඔහු ඔහුගේ අන්තර්ජාතික ක්‍රිකට් දිවියේ ප්‍රථම වසරේදීම නැපියර්හිදී නවසීලන්තයට එරෙහිව ටෙස්ට් ජයක් ලබා ගැනීමට ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට උදව් විය. එය ශ්‍රී ලංකා කණ්ඩායම මව් රටෙන් පිටදී ලබාගත් ප්‍රථම ටෙස්ට් ජයග්‍රහණය විය. එහිදී වාස් ප්‍රථම ඉණිමේදී    5 - 42 ද දෙවන ඉණිමේ දී 5 – 43 ද ලබා ගත්තේය.

2001 – 02 දී බටහිර ඉන්දීය කොදෙව්වන්ට එරෙහිව ජයගත් තරඟාවලියකදී ඔහු විසින් කඩුළු 26 ක් ලබා ගන්නා ලදී. මෙයට එක් තරඟයකදී ලබාගත් කඩුළු 14 ක් ද ඇතුළත් වේ. එවැනි දක්ෂතාවක් පෙන්වා තිබෙන්නේ උප මහාද්වීපයේ වේග පන්දු යවන්නන් දෙදෙනෙකු විසින් පමණි. අනෙක් තැනැත්තා වන්නේ ඉම්රාන් ඛාන්ය. ළඟදී ඔහුව ඇෆ්‍රො ඒෂියා කුසලානයට තෝරාගත් මුත් රටට වී තිබුණු පොරොන්දුවීම් මත එයින් ඉවත් විය.

2007 ජුනි 26 ඔහු ඔහුගේ ප්‍රථම ටෙස්ට් ශතකය බංග්ලාදේශයට එරෙහිව කොළඹදී වාර්තා කරන ලදී. එහිදී ඔහු නොදැවී එම ලකුණු 100 රැස් කළ අතර එහිදී ශ්‍රී ලංකා කණ්ඩායම 577 – 6 ක්ම තිබියදී ඉණිම අත්හිටුවීය.

ටෙස්ට් ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩකයෝ
ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩකයෝ
ශ්‍රී ලාංකික ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩකයෝ
1974 උපත්

චමින්ද වාස්


بطولة آسيا لكرة القدم الخماسية 2000 أقيمت في هو شي منه في فيتنام في الفترة من 22 مايو إلى 4 يوليو وقد حقق لقبها منتخب إيران للمرة السابعة في تاريخه, كما حقق لبنان درع البطولة.

مرحلة التصفيات

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المجموعة ب

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المجموعة د

المجموعة هـ

المجموعة و

درع البطولة

المرحلة الثانية

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المجموعة الثانية

المجموعة الثالثة

المجموعة الرابعة

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المراجع

 Futsal Planet
 RSSSF

كرة قدم آسيوية داخل الصالات في 2005
الرياضة في مدينة هو تشي منه
هو تشي منه في القرن 21
بطولة آسيا لكرة القدم الخماسية
كرة القدم الفيتنامية في 2005
منافسات كرة قدم داخل الصالات دولية تستضيفها فيتنام

بطولة آسيا لكرة القدم الخماسية 2005


Güntensperger ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Nathan Güntensperger (* 1967), Schweizer Politiker (glp) und Hotelier
 Roman Güntensperger (* 1991), Schweizer Fußballspieler
 Urs Güntensperger (* 1967), Schweizer Fußballspieler
 Wendy Güntensperger (* 1993), Schweizer Schauspielerin

Güntensperger


Meiersberg er en by og kommune i det nordøstlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Am Stettiner Haff under Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald. Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald ligger i delstaten Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ved den tysk-polske grænse.

Geografi
Meiersberg er en langstrakt fortelandsby ved landevejen fra Ueckermünde mod Ferdinandshof ved vestenden af Ueckermünder Heide. Kommunen er en del af Naturpark Am Stettiner Haff. Langs den nordvestlige kommunegrænse løber den lille flod Zarow, der 8 km længere fremme løber ud i Stettiner Haff.

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger

 Byens side på amtets websted
 Statistik
 Websted for Naturpark Am Stettiner Haff

Byer i Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Kommuner i Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Amt Am Stettiner Haff
Byer i Kreis Vorpommern-Greifswald

Meiersberg


A unibrow (or jacco brow or monobrow; called synophrys in medicine) is a single eyebrow created when the two eyebrows meet in the middle above the bridge of the nose. The hair above the bridge of the nose is of the same color and thickness as the eyebrows, such that they converge to form one uninterrupted line of hair.

History
The word monobrow first appeared in print in 1968, and the adjectival form monobrowed followed in 1973, in Martin Amis' novel The Rachel Papers. The first known use of the word unibrow was in 1981.

Culture and beauty

Oman
A unibrow is considered as a sign of beauty by Baluchi Omanis. Its popularity causes women to draw a black line joining the brows as a part of their routine makeup to fake a unibrow. A study found the prevalence of synophrys to be at 11.87% in the Omani population.

Tajikistan
In Tajikistan, a unibrow is viewed as an attractive quality in both men and women. For women, it is associated with virginity and purity and, in men, virility. If there is no unibrow present, or if it is weak, it is commonplace for women to use a kohl liner or a modern kajal pen to simulate a unibrow.

Elsewhere

The unibrow has largely been seen as undesirable in the Americas and Europe, with the hairs often plucked, shaved, or waxed away.
The artist Frida Kahlo was famous for her unibrow, which she often depicted in self-portraits. Greek-Cypriot model Sophia Hadjipanteli is also known for her unibrow.

It is also the trademark of NBA player Anthony Davis, football player Marouane Fellaini and YouTuber ElectroBOOM. Famous boxer Roberto Elizondo also famously sported a unibrow during his professional boxing fighting days.

Bert, Herry Monster, and Oscar the Grouch from Sesame Street, Muppets Sam Eagle, Statler and Animal, Tim Lockwood from Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, Spanky Ham from Drawn Together, Squilliam Fancyson from SpongeBob SquarePants, Helga Pataki, and Harold Berman from Hey Arnold!, Babyball and Leto Otel from Ballmastrz: 9009, The Twins from Superjail!, Ed and Rolf from Ed, Edd n Eddy, and Baby Gerald from The Simpsons are fictional characters with a unibrow.

Medicine

Genetics
The unibrow is a genetic trait. It is associated with the PAX3 gene.

Medical conditions
A unibrow is part of normal human variation, but can also stem from developmental disorders. A unibrow is a recognized feature of Cornelia De Lange syndrome, a genetic disorder whose main features include moderate to severe learning difficulties, limb abnormalities such as oligodactyly (fewer than normal fingers or toes), and phocomelia (malformed limbs), and facial abnormalities including a long philtrum (the slight depression/line between the nose and mouth).

Other medical conditions associated with a unibrow include:
Waardenburg syndrome;
Patau syndrome;
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome;
Sanfilippo syndrome;
3p deletion syndrome;
 Chromosome Deletion Dillan 4p Syndrome (Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome);
Gorlin syndrome (Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome);
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
 Frontometaphyseal dysplasia;
 ATRX syndrome;
 Chromosome 9q34 Microdeletion Syndrome or Kleefstra syndrome.
17q12 microduplication syndrome

See also
 Glabella

References

External links

Eyebrow

Unibrow


An Eremopyrum orientale in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Hippolyte François Jaubert och Édouard Spach. An Eremopyrum orientale in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eremopyrum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Eremopyrum

Eremopyrum orientale


FC Metalosport Galați a fost un club de fotbal din România. O echipă cu acest nume a fost fondată înainte de 1981 dar ea a luat apoi numele de Oțelul Galați.

Actuala echipă a apărut în 2011, fiind fondată de Dorin Butunoiu, și a promovat în Liga a III-a în 2014. În 2015, în condițiile falimentului societății care administra echipa Oțelul Galați, asociația suporterilor acelei echipe intenționa să fondeze un nou club, și s-a discutat ideea preluării de către aceasta a echipei Metalosport, propunere care nu s-a concretizat.

Timp de trei sezoane, Metalosport a obținut clasări la jumătatea clasamentului ligii a III-a, beneficiind de finanțări ale autorităților locale. Aceasta a luat sfârșit în 2017, când echipa nu a mai putut să organizeze ultimul meci al sezonului 2016–2017 din lipsă de bani. De-a lungul verii, conducerea clubului spera să poată găsi un sponsor, sau să reușească o asociere cu Universitatea Dunărea de Jos, speranțe cu care echipa s-a înscris în ediția 2017–2018 a Ligii a III-a. Niciun sponsor nu a apărut, iar Universitatea a hotărât să pornească cu o echipă proprie, din liga a IV-a Galați.

Jucând doar cu juniorii, Metalosport a înregistrat doar înfrângeri la scor și ar fi putut termina sezonul, dar a fost exclusă în retur din cauza unei datorii neplătite.

Evoluția în Campionat

* Metalosport Galați a fost penalizată cu 12 puncte pentru neplata datoriilor, a fost exclusă din campionat și a pierdut toate meciurile din retur cu 0–3.

Evoluția în Cupa României

Palmares
 Campionat
 Liga a III-a
 Locul 5 (1): 2015-2016

 Liga a IV-a Galați
  Locul 1 (1): 2013-2014
  Locul 2 (1): 2012-2013

 Cupa României
16-imi: 2016–17
Finalist (1):2013–14 (faza pe județul Galați)

Referințe

Cluburi românești de fotbal
Fondări în 1937
Desființări în 2000
Fondări în 2011
Cluburi de fotbal din Galați

FC Metalosport Galați


متحف طهران للفن الحديث يعتبر من أرقى وأهم المتاحف الإيرانية ويقع في العاصمة إيران.
تم تأسيس المتحف عام 1977 م وتم تصميمه من قبل المهندس المعماري الإيراني كامران ديبا و يعتبر المتحف كأكثر متحف يضم أهم مجموعة من التحف والأعمال الفنية الغربية الحديثة القيمة خارج أوروبا و أمريكا الشمالية.

يضم المتحف أعمالاً مهمة لعدد من الأسماء المهمة ومنها:
 كلود مونيه
 كاميل بيساررو
 فان غوخ
 جايمس نوسر
 إدوارد فويلارد
 جولس باسكن
 أندريه دارين
 لويس فالتات
 جورجس لاوت
 فيرنارد ليجير
 بابلو بيكاسو
 ألبيرتو جياكوميتي
 ماكس إرنست
 رينيه ماجريت
 جورج كروز
 دييجو ريفيرا
 جاسبر جونز
 آندي وورهول
 جيم داين
 بيتير فيليبس
 فريتز وينتر
 جون ميرو
 ويليام تيرنبل
 ريتشارد هاميلتون
 إدغار ديجاس
 فرانتيسك كوبكا
 ماكس باكمان
 جيمس ويستلر
 إدوارد هوبر

المصادر
 متحف الفن المعاصر - تبيان

وصلات خارجية
 متحف طهران للفن الحديث

المصادر

تأسيسات سنة 1977 في إيران
عمارة إيرانية
متاحف فن حديث
متاحف فنية ومعارض في إيران
متاحف في طهران
مواقع جذب سياحي في طهران

متحف طهران للفن الحديث


El ácido fenilacético (abreviado en inglés PAA) es un compuesto orgánico que presenta dos grupo funcionales: un fenilo y un carboxilo. Es un sólido blancuzco de olor desagradable que se usa en la producción ilícita de fenilacetona (empleada en la fabricación de metanfetaminas) por lo que es objeto de controles por parte de la Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act en Estados Unidos.

Presencia
El ácido fenilacético es una auxina activa (un tipo de fitohormona predominante en frutas); sin embargo, su efecto es más leve que el del ácido indol-3-acético (otra auxina). Es un producto de la oxidación de la feniletilamina al actuar sobre ella la enzima monoaminooxidasa presente en humanos y muchos otros organismos.

Síntesis
El compuesto se puede preparar por hidrólisis de cianuro de bencilo:

Aplicaciones
El ácido fenilacético se usa en perfumería ya que presenta un olor similar a la miel en bajas concentraciones. Además, se usa en
la producción de penicilina G. Igualmente se emplea en el tratamiento de la hiperamonemia tipo II ya que reduce la cantidad de amoníaco en la sangre cuando forma la coenzima fenilacetil-CoA que reacciona enseguida con la glutamina, rica en nitrógeno para formar fenilacetilglutamina, que puede ser secretada naturalmente por el paciente.

Véase también
Ácido benzoico

Referencias

Ácidos carboxílicos
Compuestos aromáticos
Auxinas
Ácidos acéticos

Ácido fenilacético


Prosvjedi u Rumunjskoj 2017. naziv je za masovne prosvjede građana u Rumunjskoj i njezinom iseljeništvu u Europi, Sjedinjenim Državama, Kanadi i Australiji usmjerenih protiv socijaldemokratske vlade na čelu sa Sorinom Grindeanuom, koja je 18. siječnja 2017. objavila prijedlog zakona o dekriminalizaciji zlouporabe položaja koji stvara štetu manju od 47.500 dolara i pomilovanja zatvorenika s kaznama manjim od 5 godina te prepolovljavanja kazne zatvorenicima s navršenih 60 godina života, onima s terminalnim bolestima ili djecom za koju trebaju skrbiti, nevezano za njihove zločine.

Osim građana koji su izašli na ulice, vladin nacrt zakona kritizirali su i predsjednik Klaus Iohannis, glavni tužitelj, vrhovni sud, glavni antikorupcijski tužitelj i čelnik uprave za borbu protiv organiziranog kriminala i rumunjski diplomati diljem svijeta. Kritičari zakona žalili su se i na nedostatk transparentnosti i vladina načina ophođenja prema kojem su se zakoni donosili proglasima i nacrtima, a ne nakon javnih rasprava u parlamentu.

Istoga dana kada je vlada donijela kontroverznu odluku na ulicama Bukurešta izašlo je 5.000 građana. U sljedeća četiri dana, poput domino efekta, u više rumunjskih gradova na ulice je izašlo još 30.000 ljudi. No, nakon što je vlada, unatoč pritiscima pravosudnih tijela i predsjednika, odbila provesti javnu raspravu u nacrtu zakona, do 29. siječnja na ulicama najvećih rumunjskih gradova i ispred rumunjskih veleposlanstava u europskim gradovima prosvjedovalo je preko 90.000 ljudi, čime su ovi prosvjedi imali najveće razmjere od Rumunjske revolucije 1989. i pada Nicolaea Ceaușescua.

Izvori

Povijest Rumunjske

Prosvjedi u Rumunjskoj 2017.


El topónimo Cloverdale puede hacer referencia a varios lugares de Estados Unidos:

 Cloverdale, una ciudad en el estado de California;
 Cloverdale, un municipio en el estado de Indiana;
 Cloverdale, un pueblo en el estado anterior;
 Cloverdale, un lugar designado por el censo en el estado de Misisipi;
 Cloverdale, una villa en el estado de Ohio;
 Cloverdale, un lugar designado por el censo en el estado de Oregón;
 Cloverdale, una ciudad en el estado de Virginia.

Cloverdale


An Trichocentrum binotii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Guido Frederico João Pabst, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Ined.. An Trichocentrum binotii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Trichocentrum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Trichocentrum

Trichocentrum binotii


عبد العزيز مخيون  (25 فبراير 1946 -)، ممثل سينمائي ومخرج مسرحي، ولد في أبو حمص وتخرج في معهد الفنون المسرحية، ثم درس الموسيقى والتمثيل، التحق بفرقة التلفزيون المسرحية، وأسس مسرح الفلاحين وعمل مخرجا مسرحيا. حصل على منحة من الحكومة لدراسة المسرح في فرنسا، وهو أحد رموز حركة كفاية المعارضة، وله خمسة أبناء.

أعماله

أفلامه

مسلسلاته

 اوقات خادعة

سهرة تلفزيونية
 شق الثعبان:2002
 اللحظات الأخيرة:2000
 زهرة عباد الشمس:1998
 أغنية الموت:1973
 جمعية الرفق بالإنسان
 ألوان من الحب
 أوقات مسروقه من الزمن
 لالئ
 دموع في عيون بريئة
 الشيخ شيخة
 حبيبة

أخرى
 شوية عيال:1999 - فيلم قصير- أمين
 قيس وليلى في المدن العربية:1994 - فوازير- قيس
 عالم ورق ورق ورق:1990 - فوازير- ضيف شرف
 المشخصاتية:1971 - مسرحية
 عيون عطية:مسلسل اذاعي
 عندما يموت الخوف:مسلسل اذاعي
 خروف رؤوف:مسلسل اذاعي
 واقدساه:مسرحية
 أغرب القضايا:مسلسل اذاعي- قضية التيليغراف
 الفخ الذهبي:تمثيلية
 مريض الوهم:مسرحية- بيرالد
 غربة الحب:مسلسل اذاعي

هو وموسيقار الأجيال
يعتبر الممثل عبد العزيز مخيون هو أكثر ممثل شبيه بموسيقار الأجيال محمد عبد الوهاب
وقد قام بتأدية دوره في مسلسل أم كلثوم ومسلسل إسماعيل ياسين ومسلسل سعاد حسني.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص تعرضوا لمحاولة اغتيال
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من أبو حمص
خريجو المعهد العالي للفنون المسرحية (مصر)
ممثلو أفلام مصريون
ممثلو تلفزيون مصريون
ممثلون مصريون في القرن 20
ممثلون مصريون في القرن 21
مواليد 1362 هـ
مواليد 1365 هـ
مواليد 1946
مواليد في أبو حمص

عبد العزيز مخيون


An Isolepis wakefieldiana in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Stanley Thatcher Blake, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Karen Louise Wilson. An Isolepis wakefieldiana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Isolepis, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Isolepis

Isolepis wakefieldiana


Naomie Azaria  de son vrai nom  Naomi Azaria Hounhoui est une femme politique béninoise quatre fois ministre dans les gouvernements successifs du président Boni Yayi du   au

Biographie
Naomie Azaria entre au gouvernement Yayi le  en occupant le poste de ministre de la jeunesse et des sports. Elle quitte ce poste juste deux mois après sa prise de fonction pour devenir la nouvelle ministre de l'industrie et du commerce début . Lors du remaniement du mercredi , le président Boni Yayi la change de poste et elle devient la ministre de la famille, des affaires sociales, de la solidarité nationale, des handicapés et des personnes du troisième âge. Après avoir remercié toutes les femmes de son dernier gouvernement, Yayi Boni la maintient et la transfère le  au ministère chargé de la microfinance.

Elle quitte le gouvernement, le  et devient la nouvelle directrice du port autonome de Cotonou. Elle est limogée de ce poste à la suite de l'arrivée de Patrice Talon au pouvoir.

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Gouvernement Yayi Boni
 Marie-Laurence Sranon Sossou
 Fatouma Amadou Djibril
 Nadine Dako Tamadaho
 Céline Seignon Kandissounon

Références

Liens externes

Ministre béninoise

Naomie Azaria


Cadılar Bayramı, her sene 31 Ekim'de kutlanan, öncelikle Pagan ve sonrasında Hristiyan kökleri olmasına rağmen günümüzde seküler bir kutlama halini almış bayram. Çocukların, genellikle korkunç kostümler giyerek, kapı kapı dolaşıp şekerleme ve harçlık topladığı bir bayramdır. Diğer Cadılar Bayramı kutlamalarında yapılan etkinlikler arasında maskeli balolar, balkabağından fener oyma, korku filmi seansları ve perili olduğuna inanılan evlere düzenlenen geziler sayılabilir.

Cadılar Bayramı, başlıca Kuzey Amerika ve Britanya Adaları'nda yer alan ülke ve bölgelerde kutlanır. Bu bölgelerde çok büyük ve görkemli bir festival olan Cadılar Bayramı kutlamaları, Amerikan kültürünün etkisiyle Avrupa ve Okyanusya'da yer alan diğer Batılı ülkelerin yanı sıra Japonya, Filipinler ve Latin Amerika'da da yaygınlaşmaktadır.

Etimoloji

Cadılar Bayramı, Anglosakson dünyasında ve başlıca Batılı ülkelerde Halloween olarak adlandırılır. Bu sözcük All Hallow's Eve (Azizler Günü'nün arifesi) kavramından kısaltılarak oluşturulmuştur.

Tarihçe

Cadılar Bayramı'nın kökeni antik Britanya'da pagan Keltlerin kutladığı Samhain Festivali'dir. Keltler 1 Kasım'ı yazın bitişi, kışın başlangıcı kabul ediyorlardı. Samhain kelimesinin kökeni Eski İrlandaca sam (yaz) ve fuin (son) sözcüklerine dayanır. Bu tarihte sürüler yaylalardan dönüyor, toprak ağaları ile çiftçiler arasındaki arazi kira sözleşmeleri yenileniyordu.

Yaz sonu Keltlerde aynı zamanda evliliklerin gerçekleştiği, ölülerin kutsandığı ilahî bir dönemdi. Bu günde, ölülerin ruhlarının geçmişte yaşadıkları evleri ziyaret ettiğine inanılıyordu. Tepelerin üzerinde, evlerdeki ocakları tutuşturmak ve aynı zamanda kötü ruhları uzak tutmak için büyük ateşler yakılıyordu. İnsanlar, ortalıkta dolaştığına inandıkları ruhlara tanınmamak için maskeler takıyor, kostümler giyiyorlardı. Bu gelenekler nedeniyle Samhain festivali zamanla cadılar, goblinler, periler ve iblislerle özdeşleşti. Romalılar 1. yüzyılda Kelt topraklarını fethettiklerinde, kendi ölüm festivalleri Feralia ve hasat festivalleri Pomona'yı Samhain ile birleştirdiler.

7. yüzyılda Papa IV. Boniface 13 Mayıs'ta kutlanan Azizler Günü'nü -muhtemelen pagan festivalinin yerini alması için- 1 Kasım'a taşıdı. Azizler Günü'nün arifesi (31 Ekim) kutsal kabul edildi ve Batılı dillerdeki Halloween adı buradan geldi. Orta Çağ'ın sonlarında seküler kutlamalar ile Hristiyan bayramı kaynaştı. Avrupa'daki Reform hareketleri esnasında, özellikle Protestan Hristiyanlar arasında, Cadılar Bayramı kutlamaları neredeyse son buldu; Britanya'da ise seküler bir bayram olarak kutlanmaya devam etti.

Amerika'ya yerleşen ilk kolonilerde -pek çok bayram gibi- Cadılar Bayramı da yasaklandı. Bununla birlikte 1800'lü yıllarda, Cadılar Bayramı'ndan öğeler taşıyan bir hasat bayramı kutlanmaya başlandı. 19. yüzyılda başta İrlandalılar olmak üzere Britanya'dan Amerika'ya göçen çok sayıdaki göçmen Cadılar Bayramı kostümlerini beraberlerinde getirdiler ve Cadılar Bayramı zamanla ABD'deki başlıca çocuk bayramlarından biri haline geldi.

Kutlamalar

Cadılar Bayramı'nın sembolü gülen bir bal kabağıdır. Bal kabağının içi boşaltılarak gülen bir surat şeklinde oyulduktan sonra içinde bir mum yakılarak şeytani bir surat oluşturulmaya çalışılır. Ancak eski zamanlarda kabak yerine şalgamların oyulduğu bilinmektedir.

Evler cadılar bayramı dekorları ile süslenir, şenlik ateşleri yakılır, bazı yerlerde havai fişek atılır, Perili cazibeler ziyaret edilir.

En yaygın olarak tüketilen şekerleme, elma şekeridir. Çocuklar korkunç kıyafetler giyerek kapı kapı gezerler ve ev sahiplerine "Şaka mı, şeker mi?" diye sorarlar. Ev sahibi "Şaka!" derse çeşitli muziplikler yaparlar. Büyükler çocuklara şekerleme ikram ederler veya harçlık verirler. Bu uygulamanın kökeni geçmişte Britanya'da yoksulların kapı kapı dolaşarak "ruh keki" toplaması geleneğidir.

Yetişkinler, 31 Ekim'e en yakın hafta sonunda kıyafet baloları düzenlerler. Bu partilerde misafirler cadı, hayalet veya korku filmi karakteri gibi korkunç kostümler giyerler.

Muhafazakâr Hristiyanlar, özellikle tutucu Protestanlar, genelde Cadılar Bayramı'nı kutlamazlar ve yanlış bulurlar.

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız

 Samhain Festivali
 Azizler Günü
 Ölüler Günü

Allhallowtide
Sonbahar festivalleri
Hristiyanlık ve ölüm
Cadılar Bayramı etkinlikleri
İrlanda'da kültür
İrlanda'da folklor
Maskeli balo törenleri
Ekim'de belirli gün ve haftalar
İskoçya'da kültür
İskoçya'da folklor

Cadılar Bayramı


البنك المركزي الأوروبي  (المصرف المركزي الأوروبي) هو المصرف المركزي للاتحاد. وهو المسؤول عن تحديد الخطوط العريضة للسياسة النقدية في منطقة اليورو، واتخاذ القرارات اللازمة لتنفيذها. أنشأ في عام 1998 ومقره الرئيسي في فرانكفورت، في ألمانيا. ويوجد مبنى جديد قيد الإنشاء منذ عام 2008 في فرانكفورت يحمل اسمه، بعدما كان في برج صغير. ويطلع المهتمون بالميدان عبر تسجيلات الفيديو على تاريخ ومهام المصرف المركزي، وأجهزة سياسته النقدية كما يمكن تصفح وقراءة المعلومات المرجعية المتعلقة بارتفاع الأسعار في الوقت الراهن فضلاً عن البلاغات الصحفية.

يُعتبر البنك المركزي الأوروبي المقوّم الأساسي في نظام اليورو ونظام البنوك المركزية الأوروبي، وواحدًا من مؤسسات الاتحاد الأوروبي السبع. وهو أحد أهم البنوك المركزية في العالم.

يضع مجلس إدارة البنك المركزي الأوروبي السياسة النقدية لمنطقة اليورو والاتحاد الأوروبي، ويدير احتياطي النقد الأجنبي للدول الأعضاء في الاتحاد الأوروبي، ويشارك في عمليات صرف العملات الأجنبية، كما يحدّد الأهداف النقدية الوسيطة وسعر الفائدة الرئيسي في الاتحاد الأوروبي. يطبّق المكتب التنفيذي للبنك المركزي الأوروبي سياسات وقرارات مجلس إدارة البنك، وقد يحدد سياسات البنوك المركزية الوطنية لدى تنفيذه ذلك. للبنك المركزي الأوروبي الحق الحصري في التصريح بإصدار عملات اليورو الورقية. يجوز للدول الأعضاء إصدار عملات اليورو المعدنية، إنما يجب الحصول على موافقة البنك المركزي الأوروبي مسبقًا بخصوص بالكمية. إضافةً لما تقدّم، يضطلع البنك أيضًا بإدارة نظام المدفوعات تارغيت2.

تأسس البنك المركزي الأوروبي بموجب معاهدة أمستردام في مايو 1999 لضمان استقرار الأسعار والمحافظة على ثباتها. في 1 ديسمبر 2009، دخلت معاهدة لشبونة حيز التنفيذ واكتسب البنك الطابع الرسمي بوصفه مؤسسةً للاتحاد الأوروبي. لدى إنشاء البنك المركزي الأوروبي، شملَ منطقة اليورو التي ضمّت آنذاك أحد عشر عضوًا. منذ ذلك التاريخ، انضمت اليونان في يناير 2001، وانضمت سلوفينيا في يناير 2007، وقبرص ومالطا في يناير 2008، وسلوفاكيا في يناير 2009، وإستونيا في يناير 2011، ولاتفيا في يناير 2014، وليتوانيا في يناير من العام 2015. كريستين لاغارد هي الرئيسة الحالية للبنك المركزي الأوروبي. يقع المقر الرئيسي للبنك في فرانكفورت، بألمانيا، وقبل اكتمال مقرّه الحالي، كان يقع في بناء يوروتاور.

يخضع البنك المركزي الأوروبي بصورة مباشرة لقانون الاتحاد الأوروبي. وتعود ملكية احتياطي رأس مال البنك، البالغة قيمته 11 مليار يورو، تعودُ لجميع البنوك المركزية السبع والعشرين للدول الأعضاء في الاتحاد الأوروبي بصفتهم مساهمين. في العام 1998، حُدّد المفتاح الحصصي لرأس المال الأولي بالنظر إلى عدد سكان الدول وناتج الإنتاج المحلي، ولكن بعد ذلك الحين طرأت تعديلاتٌ على مفتاح رأس المال. لا تُعدّ الأسهم في البنك المركزي الأوروبي قابلة للتحويل ولا يمكن استخدامها كضمانات.

التاريخ

السنوات الأولى للبنك المركزي الأوروبي (1998 – 2007)
يُعتبر البنك المركزي الأوروبي الخلَف الفعلي لمؤسسة النقد الأوروبية. أنشِئت مؤسسة النقد الأوروبية في بواكير المرحلة الثانية من الوحدة الاقتصادية والنقدية للاتحاد الأوروبي بهدف التعامل مع المسائل الانتقالية في حالة الدول التي اعتمدت اليورو والتحضير لتأسيس البنك المركزي الأوروبي ونظام البنوك المركزية الأوروبي. وتسلّمت مؤسسة النقد الأوروبية مهامَها عن سلفها صندوق التعاون النقدي الأوروبي.

في 1 يونيو 1998، حلّ البنك المركزي الأوروبي رسميًا محلّ مؤسسة النقد الأوروبية بموجب معاهدة الاتحاد الأوروبي (معاهدة ماستريخت)، ومع ذلك لم يمارس صلاحياته الكاملة حتى اعتماد اليورو في 1 يناير 1999، والتي تؤذن ببدء المرحلة الثالثة من الوحدة الاقتصادية والنقدية للاتحاد الأوروبي. وهكذا فإنّ البنك المركزي الأوروبي هو المؤسسة الأخيرة اللازمة للوحدة الاقتصادية والنقدية للاتحاد الأوروبي، كما هو منصوصٌ عليه في تقارير الوحدة الاقتصادية والنقدية للاتحاد الأوروبي التي كتبها بيير فيرنر والرئيس جاك ديلور. تأسس البنك الأوروبي المركزي في 1 يونيو 1998 وكان أول رئيس للبنك هو فيم دويسنبيرغ، الرئيس السابق للبنك المركزي الهولندي ومؤسسة النقد الأوروبية.

خلال فترة رئاسة دويسنبيرغ لمؤسسة النقد الأوربية (خلفًا للبلجيكي ألكسندر لامفالوسي) قبل تأسيس البنك المركزي الأوروبي مباشرة، أرادت الحكومة الفرنسية أن يكون جان كلود تريشيه، الرئيس السابق للبنك المركزي الفرنسي، أول رئيس للبنك المركزي الأوروبي. تلخّص موقف الفرنسيين بأنه نظرًا لوجود مقرّ البنك المركزي الأوروبي في ألمانيا، يجب أن يكون رئيسه فرنسيًا. وقد لقي ذلك الموقف معارضة الحكومات الألمانية والهولندية والبلجيكية التي رأت في دويسنبيرغ ضامنًا لعملة يورو قوية. نُزع فتيل الأزمة عبر اتفاق غير رسمي يتنحى بموجبه دويسنبيرغ قبل نهاية فترة رئاسته، ليحلّ محلّه تريشيه.

تقلّد تريشيه منصب الرئيس بعد دويسنبيرغ في نوفمبر 2003. حتى العام 2007، نجح البنك المركزي الأوروبي في الحفاظ على معدل التضخم متدنيًا نسبيًا إنما بنسبة أقل من 2%.

تعامُل البنك المركزي الأوروبي مع الأزمات المالية (2008 – 2014)

الاستجابة المبكرة لأزمة الدَين في منطقة اليورو
نشبت أزمة الديون الأوروبية بعد أن أفصحت الحكومة اليونانية المنتخبة الجديدة عن مستوى المديونية الحقيقي وعجز الميزانية وحذرت مؤسسات الاتحاد الأوروبي من الخطر الوشيك للإفلاس السيادي اليوناني.

ترقّبًا لإفلاس سيادي مُحتمل في منطقة اليورو، أعاد الرأي العام، والمؤسسات الدولية، والأوروبية، والمجتمع المالي عمومًا تقييم الوضع الاقتصادي والأهلية الائتمانية لبعض الدول الأعضاء في منطقة اليورو، وخصوصًا بلدان الجنوب. تبعًا لذلك، شهدتْ عائدات السندات الحكومية في العديد من دول منطقة اليورو ارتفاعًا بصورة حادة. أثار هذا حالة من الذعر الدائري في الأسواق المالية: فكلّما ارتفعت عوائد السندات اليونانية، زادت فُرَص حدوث الإفلاس، وبالتالي زادت عائدات السندات بدورها.

تردّد تريشيه في التدخل
علاوةً على ما سبق، تفاقم ذلك الذعر بسبب عجز البنك المركزي الأوروبي عن التصرّف والتدخل في أسواق السندات السيادية لسببين. أولًا، بسبب حظر الإطار القانوني للبنك المركزي الأوروبي شراء السندات السيادية (المادة 123). وهذا ما منع البنك المركزي الأوروبي من تطبيق سياسة التيسير الكمي مثلما فعل نظام الاحتياطي الفيدرالي وبنك إنجلترا مباشرة في العام 2008، وهو ما أدى دورًا مهمًا في تحقيق استقرار الأسواق.

ثانيًا، طرحَ قرار اتخذه البنك المركزي الأوروبي في العام 2005 حدًا أدنى للتصنيف الائتماني لجميع السندات السيادية في منطقة اليورو لتكون مؤهلة كضمان لعمليات السوق المفتوحة للبنك المركزي الأوروبي. ويعني ذلك أنه إذا خفضت وكالات التصنيف الخاصة تصنيف السندات السيادية إلى ما دون هذا الحد، فإن العديد من البنوك تفقد سيولتها السائلة لأنها تخسر بذلك استحقاق عمليات إعادة التمويل من البنك المركزي الأوروبي. وفقًا لما ذكره العضو السابق في مجلس إدارة البنك المركزي الأوروبي، أثاناسيوس أورفانيديس، فإن هذا التغيير في إطار ضمان السداد للبنك المركزي الأوروبي «زرَع بذور» أزمة اليورو.

في مواجهة تلك القيود التنظيمية، أحجم البنك المركزي الأوروبي في العام 2010 تحت رئاسة جان كلود تريشيه عن التدخل لتثبيت الأسواق المالية. حتى تاريخ 6 مايو 2010، ظل تريشيه ينفي رسميًا في عدة مؤتمرات صحفية إمكانية بدء البنك المركزي الأوروبي بشراء السندات السيادية، وذلك بالرغم من مواجهة اليونان، والبرتغال، وإسبانيا، وإيطاليا، موجاتٍ من خفض التصنيف الائتماني وارتفاع الفارق بين الفائدة المدينة والدائنة.

تدخلات البنك المركزي الأوروبي في السوق (2010 – 2011)
في تغيير بارز في سياسته، أعلن البنك المركزي الأوروبي في 10 مايو 2010 إطلاق «برنامج سوق الأوراق المالية» الذي تضمن الشراء التقديري للسندات السيادية في الأسواق الثانوية. بصورة استثنائية، اتخذ مجلس إدارة البنك المركزي الأوروبي القرار خلال مؤتمر هاتفي بعد ثلاثة أيام فحسب من الاجتماع الاعتيادي للبنك المركزي الأوروبي في 6 مايو (عندما كان تريشيه ما زال مصرًا على نفي إمكانية شراء السندات السيادية). برّر البنك المركزي الأوروبي اتخاذ ذلك القرار بدافع «الاستجابة للتوترات الشديدة في الأسواق المالية». كما تزامن القرار مع قرار قادة الاتحاد الأوروبي في 10 مايو وضع آلية أوروبية لتحقيق الاستقرار المالي، والتي أُريد لها أن تكون بمثابة صندوق لمكافحة الأزمات لضمان عدم وقوع منطقة اليورو في أزمة ديون سيادية في المستقبل.

مراجع

انظر أيضًا

 صندوق ثروة سيادية

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النظام الأوروبي للبنوك المركزية
بنوك أسست سنة 1998
بنوك مقرها في فرانكفورت
تأسيسات سنة 1998 في الاتحاد الأوروبي
سك العملة
منطقة اليورو
منظمات أسست في 1998
مؤسسات الاتحاد الأوروبي

البنك المركزي الأوروبي


Hellboy is a fictional superhero created by writer-artist Mike Mignola. The character first appeared in San Diego Comic-Con Comics #2 (August 1993), and has since appeared in various eponymous miniseries, one-shots and intercompany crossovers. The character has been adapted into three live-action feature films – two starring Ron Perlman in 2004 and 2008 in the title role, and one in 2019 which starred David Harbour, as well as two straight-to-DVD animated films, again starring Perlman, and three video games – Asylum Seeker, The Science of Evil, and as a playable character in Injustice 2.

A well-meaning half-Demon (or Cambion) whose true name is Anung Un Rama ("and upon his brow is set a crown of flame"), Hellboy was summoned from Hell to Earth as a baby by Nazi occultists (spawning his hatred for the Third Reich). He appeared in the ruins of an old church in the Outer Hebrides in front of a team assembled by the Allied Forces; among them, Professor Trevor Bruttenholm, who formed the United States Bureau for Paranormal Research and Defense (B.P.R.D.). In time, Hellboy grew to be a large, muscular, red-skinned ape-like man with a tail, horns (which he files off, leaving behind circular stumps on his forehead that resemble goggles), cloven hooves, and an oversized right hand made of stone (the "Right Hand of Doom"). He has been described as smelling of dry-roasted peanuts. Although a bit gruff, he shows none of the malevolence thought to be intrinsic to classical demons and has an ironic sense of humor. This is said to be because of his upbringing under Professor Bruttenholm, who raised him as a normal boy.

Hellboy works for the B.P.R.D., an international non-governmental agency, and for himself against dark forces including Nazis and witches, in a series of tales that have their roots in folklore, pulp magazines, vintage adventure, Lovecraftian horror and horror fiction. In earlier stories, he is identified as the "World's Greatest Paranormal Investigator".

Fictional character biography
Hellboy, or "Anung Un Rama" as he was called, was conceived on October 5, 1574, the day his birth-mother, Sarah Hughes, a human woman, was on her deathbed. In life, Sarah was a witch who gained her powers from being a consort of the archdemon Azzael, an Archduke of Hell and Hellboy's "biological" father. Taking Sarah's body to hell when she attempted to repent on her deathbed within a church in East Bromwich, England, Azzael burned her away so their child would be born, and chopped off the newborn's right hand to replace it with the "Right Hand of Doom", a relic tied to the Ogdru Jahad. When the other princes of Hell learned of his actions, Azzael sent his half-demon child away while he was stripped of his powers and imprisoned in ice (like Lucifer in Dante's Divine Comedy).

The child is eventually summoned to Earth in the final months of World War II by the "Mad Monk" Grigori Rasputin on Tarmagant Island, off the coast of Scotland, having been commissioned by the Nazis to change the tide of a losing war ("Project Ragna Rok"). As a direct result of this rite, the child appears on Earth in a fireball at what remains of the ruined Bromwich Church on December 23, 1944. Proving not to be a devil, in the traditional sense, but a devil-like creature, the child was dubbed "Hellboy" by Professor Trevor "Broom" Bruttenholm.

Taken by the United States Armed Forces to an Air Force base in New Mexico, Hellboy is raised by Professor Bruttenholm in a normal Catholic home environment, and the United States Army where he is introduced to the Bureau for Paranormal Research and Defense (BPRD), a private organization dedicated to combating occult threats. Due to the success of his first mission in 1952, Hellboy is granted "honorary human" status by the United Nations and becomes a member of the BPRD as the "world's greatest paranormal investigator". As such, Hellboy interacts regularly with humans, primarily law enforcement officials, the military, Catholic clergy, and various "scholars of the weird", most of whom are not presented as overtly reacting to his strange appearance.

As an adult, having matured physically within the years yet aging slowly mentally with a teenage mind, Hellboy becomes the primary agent for the BPRD, alongside other human and quasi-human agents that include Kate Corrigan, a professor of folklore at New York University; Abe Sapien, an amphibian humanoid (Ichthyo sapiens); and Liz Sherman, a young pyrokinetic. Things change dramatically for Hellboy during the events of Seed of Destruction when he searches for Professor Bruttenholm after he disappears during an expedition in the Arctic. He finds his adopted father only to witness his death at the hands of a Lovecraftian frog monster. The search takes Hellboy, Abe, and Liz to the Cavendish Hall mansion, which is a trap established by Rasputin to lure Hellboy into an embrace of his own "destiny", with the assistance of Sadu-Hem; one of the spawn of the Ogdru Jahad. Controlled by the spirit of one of the ancestral Cavendish men, Abe impales Rasputin. Liz's firestorm then incinerates Rasputin's body alongside Sadu-Hem's and destroys Cavendish Hall. Soon after, during a visit to Bromwich Church, Hellboy gets a glimpse of his conception 300+ years ago and learns he has two human half-siblings; a nun and a priest whose spirits haunt the church after their deaths, attempting to stop Azzael from claiming Sarah.

During the events of Hellboy: Wake the Devil, Hellboy's journey of self-discovery leads him to Romania to investigate the theft of an ancient box containing the corpse of Vladimir Giurescu, a Napoleonic officer who was, in fact, a vampire before he was "killed" on the order of a fearful Adolf Hitler. The culprit of the theft is revealed to be Ilsa Haupstein, one of the surviving members of Project Ragna Rok, who was revived from suspended animation and then aided in Giurescu's resurrection. Finding Castle Giurescu after splitting up with the other search groups, Hellboy learns that the source of Giurescu's rebirth is the ancient goddess Hecate. Though Hellboy destroys Hecate's original body, he faces her again after Rasputin unintentionally provides her with Ilsa's iron-maiden encased body. Hecate swallows Hellboy, but he returns to his own reality after he denounces the dark purpose he was born to perform.

Hellboy later learns that Liz is dying after losing her powers when she accidentally revived a homunculus while searching another location for Giurescu, finding Roger in the events of Hellboy: Almost Colossus as he convinces the homunculus to save Liz's life. Following the events of Hellboy: The Right Hand of Doom, gaining insight about his stone hand and being referenced as a harbinger of the Apocalypse, Hellboy is accompanied by Abe to hunt down the warlock Igor Bromhead in Box Full of Evil. But it turned out to be a trap conducted by Bromhead and the demon Ualac to capture Hellboy, using his True Name, Anung Un Rama, to restrain him, so that the latter can claim Hellboy's normally invisible Crown of the Apocalypse to increase their power. But this act, however, proves to be counter-productive, as it allows Hellboy to no longer be controlled by his true name, Anung Un Rama (as one of the translations of this name is, lit. "and upon his brow is set a crown of flame"; with the theft of his crown, the name is no longer accurate), and he kills Ualac's mortal body before the demon and the crown is taken to Hell by the archdemon, Astaroth, who is later revealed to be Hellboy's paternal uncle.

In the aftermath of Hellboy: Conqueror Worm, assisted by the ghost of Lobster Johnson, Roger, and Abe, a disillusioned Hellboy resigns from the Bureau before it later gains new agents in Johann Kraus, the spirit of a German medium kept in a containment suit; and Captain Ben Daimio, a US Marine Commando that became an Olmec were-jaguar. From there, Hellboy decides to find out the truth of his existence once and for all. But, as revealed in Hellboy: Strange Places, Hellboy ends up being stranded on an island where he inadvertently resurrected an ancient mystic who gained knowledge of the secret history of the creation of Ogdru Jahad and the Right Hand of Doom.

6 years later, as Hellboy: Darkness Calls opens, Hellboy's search takes him to England where he finds himself in the middle of a power vacuum caused by Bromhead incapacitating Hecate in Italy. Refusing to serve the witches as their king, Hellboy ends up in the dimension of Baba Yaga, a witch whom he encountered in the past and happens to be an ally of Rasputin's. Managing to defeat Baba Yaga's champion Koshchei, Hellboy returns to his reality and is led to Bromhead after he became monstrous and in agony from his attempt to take Hecate's powers for his own. Hellboy gives Bromhead a merciful death before returning to England during the events of Hellboy: The Wild Hunt where he encounters Alice Monaghan, a young woman he saved as a baby from a fairy named Gruagach who has revived the lunatic sorceress Nimue to fill the void left by Hecate.

During that time, Hellboy encounters the spirit of Morgana le Fay who reveals to Hellboy both the names of his parents and that Sarah Hughes was her descendant, which names Hellboy as the last living heir to Arthur Pendragon and the rightful king of England. But as he also learns from Astaroth that he is destined to kill Satan and become the new King of Hell, Hellboy is reluctant to wield Excalibur (which in his hands becomes a flaming sword) and the army of undead British nobility amassed to face Nimue's army. Therefore, enlisting Baba Yaga's assistance with his eye as payment for the injury he did to her in their first meeting, Hellboy decides to face Nimue one-on-one in the events of Hellboy: The Storm and the Fury. But in the aftermath of his battle with Nimue, who was possessed by Ogdru Jahad at the time, Hellboy is killed by the witch in her final moments. As revealed in Hellboy in Hell, Hellboy ends up trapped in Hell, where he encounters what's left of his demonic kin and the souls of the damned, and ultimately comes to terms with the destiny he has been shrugging off his whole life. Hellboy later returns in the mini-series BPRD: The Devil You Know, revived and joining Liz and Abe in the final arc of the series. After defeating Rasputin again, he and Hecate see the fall of the Ogdru Jahad and get back the Right Hand of Doom from the Osiris Club, killing them. Despite their efforts, however, Ragnarok is fulfilled and most of humanity is destroyed.  In the end, Hellboy and Hecate fuse together to create a new world on Earth.

Powers and abilities
Afforded by his demonic heritage as well as extensive physical training and bodybuilding, Hellboy possesses superhuman strength that exceeds the 1-ton base limit, endurance, a degree of resistance to injury, and a healing factor that allows him to heal quickly from virtually all bodily injuries as well as renders him immune to all diseases. He also has the innate ability to comprehend ancient and magical languages. The extent of his strength is unclear, but he has torn down a large tree and hurled it at an opponent and has lifted massive stones. He has also picked up and thrown opponents weighing at least four to five hundred pounds. Hellboy has a high degree of resilience to injury. He can withstand powerful blows that would severely injure or kill a human. He survived being shot many times in the chest with an MG 42 machine gun before destroying it. He has survived being impaled through the chest with a sword, severe werewolf mauling, being beaten unconscious with heavy iron tongs, falling from extreme heights, being crushed by boulders, and more. In the film version, it is stated that Hellboy is immune to all forms of fire and burns, including Liz Sherman's flames, and electrocution. Despite his ability to quickly recover from seemingly mortal wounds, he is far from invulnerable and can be injured or bloodied by conventional weapons. Curiously in certain instances, the spilling of Hellboy's blood causes lilies to sprout - a supernatural indicator of his true good nature. This unique property comes into play even at the culmination of Ragnarok, where Hecate spills Hellboy's blood onto the incinerated Earth to breathe life back into it. It is revealed to Baba Yaga by the dead Russian nobility that Hellboy may not be slain even through supernatural means and that he appears to be as deathless as her warrior, Koschei the Deathless. In the films, Hellboy has shown skill in necromancy, animating a man's dead body so that it could give him directions. This also happened in the 2019 reboot, where Hellboy is able to raise an entire army of the dead after embracing his power as Anung Un Rama.

Hellboy ages quite differently from human beings. In the story Pancakes he is now two-years old but appears to be somewhere between 6 and 10 in human years old. In Nature of the Beast, set in 1954, the ten-year-old Hellboy appears fully grown. His rapid physical maturation is in contrast to his actual rate of aging, however, which seems to be much slower than humans. Throughout the sixty-year span of time depicted in the comics, he does not age beyond the plateau of physical maturity. This mystical aging process is similar to the other demons and supernatural beings that populate Hellboy's world. The lifespan of a demon (or half-demon, as Hellboy's mother was human) is left undefined within the comics and seems to range from decades to many thousands of years. In the films, Hellboy's aging process is described by BRPD as "reverse dog years".

In addition to his natural physical abilities, Hellboy carries a variety of items in his utility belt and jacket that can be used against various supernatural forces. He has been known to carry holy relics, horseshoes, various herbs, and hand grenades. Though he commonly carries an oversized revolver, which in the Guillermo del Toro films was named the "Good Samaritan", and which was forged from the recycled iron from a church bell; Hellboy freely admits, however, to being a lousy shot with it, and often favors fighting hand-to-hand, preferring to use short-ranged physical weapons like swords, spears, and his massive stone fist over firearms. Hellboy's lack of formal combat training and education is compensated for by his decades of experience as a paranormal investigator, though encounters with unfamiliar threats have often forced him to resort to improvisation and using his wits.

Right Hand of Doom
As revealed in Strange Places, Hellboy's right hand was originally the right hand of Anum, one of the Watcher angels that watched over the burgeoning Earth and created the Ogdru Jahad. After sealing the Ogdru Jahad away, Anum was destroyed by his fellow spirits. Only his right hand remained intact as it was kept and preserved by the Hyperboreans, the first race of man. The Right Hand of Doom eventually ended up in the possession of Azzael before he grafted it onto the newborn Hellboy.

As the hand which created and bound the Ogdru Jahad, it is also the key that will "loose and command" them; in other words, it is a catalyst that will bring about Ragnarok. The comic books themselves never mention how the Right Hand of Doom would actually perform these tasks; they only explain this is the case and someone or something intends to do it, with or without Hellboy's consent. The film shows it working as a key: being turned twice in a special obelisk secured by Rasputin would release the Ogdru Jahad. Astaroth and others also told of how the Hand contains the power to awaken the great Army of Hell, an army powerful enough to shatter the boundaries between Heaven, Hell and Earth for the wielder to rule all of Creation. This prophecy had never come to pass thanks to Hellboy's consistent refusal to embrace his destiny. It is made clear it is not necessary for the arm to be attached to Hellboy to perform its duties. It has been suggested if Hellboy dies while the Hand is attached to him, it would become useless. He has, therefore, concluded the only way to prevent its falling into the wrong hands is to keep and protect it.

Concept and creation
Hellboy originated in 1991 with a drawing Mike Mignola did for a Great Salt Lake Comic-Con promotional pamphlet of a demon with the name "Hell Boy" written on his belt. Mignola had initially no intention of doing anything serious with the concept, but eventually decided he liked the name.

Later, Mignola became interested in doing a creator-owned comic, as he felt it made more sense to create his own characters for the stories he wanted to tell, rather than trying to shoehorn existing characters into these stories. Mignola elaborated, "The kinds of stories I wanted to do I had in mind before I created Hellboy. It's not like I created Hellboy and said, 'Hey, now what does this guy do?' I knew the kinds of stories I wanted to do, but just needed a main guy." He initially created Hellboy as part of a team of five, but scrapped this idea when he realized he could not think of any team names that he liked.

Much like other American comic book superheroes, such as Batman, Wolverine, Iron Man, Daredevil, and Spawn, Hellboy is constantly tormented by the knowledge of his past. One example being in Wake the Devil where he describes his mindset since the aftermath of Seed of Destruction by saying, "I like not knowing. I've gotten by for fifty-two years without knowing. I sleep good not knowing."

Publication history

Before Hellboy was published independently at Dark Horse Comics, the concept was initially pitched to a board of directors for DC Comics, who loved it, but did not like the idea of it involving "Hell".

The early stories were conceived and drawn by Mignola with a script written by John Byrne and some later stories have been crafted by creators other than Mignola, including Christopher Golden, Guy Davis, Ryan Sook, and Duncan Fegredo. The increasing commitments from the Hellboy franchise meant that 2008 one-shot In the Chapel of Moloch was the first Hellboy comic Mignola had provided the script and art for since The Island in 2005.

Issues
Hellboy has an internal numbering on the inside cover of its issues. Below are the stories listed by their internal numbering for the comics.

Issues: Hellboy in Hell
Hellboy in Hell is a finished series with its own numbering.

Issues: Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.
Hellboy and the B.P.R.D. is an ongoing series of miniseries.

Original Graphic Novels: Hellboy
Special stories were created for hardcover original graphic novels.

One-shots
 Hellboy Winter Special (2016)
 Hellboy Winter Special 2017
 Hellboy Winter Special 2018
 Hellboy Winter Special (2019)
 Hellboy – Krampusnacht
 Hellboy vs. Lobster Johnson – The Ring of Death

Trade paperbacks: Hellboy
All in-continuity Hellboy comics are collected in trade paperbacks.

Trade paperbacks: Hellboy in Hell
All Hellboy in Hell comics are collected in trade paperbacks.

Trade paperbacks: Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.
All Hellboy and the B.P.R.D. comics are collected in trade paperbacks.

Library editions
These editions collect the stories in the size they were originally drawn.

Omnibus editions
These editions collect the complete Hellboy series in chronological order.

Other trade paperbacks
 Hellboy: Weird Tales, Volume 1 (February 2003) – Cover by Mike Mignola. Collects Hellboy: Weird Tales #1–4. .
 Hellboy: Weird Tales, Volume 2 (October 2004) – Cover by Mike Mignola. Collects Hellboy: Weird Tales #5–8. .
 Hellboy Junior (January 2004) – Written by Mike Mignola, Bill Wray, et al. Collects Hellboy Junior Halloween Special, Hellboy Junior #1–2, plus original material. .
 Ghost/Hellboy Special (June 1997) – Written by Mike Mignola. Collects Ghost/Hellboy #1–2. .
 Savage Dragon/Hellboy (2002) – Cover by Mike Mignola. Collects Savage Dragon #34–35.
 The Art of Hellboy (March 2003) – Written by Mike Mignola. Dark Horse Books. .
 Hellboy: The Companion (May 2008) – Written by Steve Weiner, Jason Hall. Dark Horse Books. .
 Hellboy: Masks and Monsters (October 2010) – Written by Mike Mignola, James Robinson, Scott Benefiel, Jasen Rodriguez. Collects Batman/Hellboy/Starman #1–2, Ghost/Hellboy #1–2. Dark Horse Books. .

Other appearances
Beyond the Hellboy comic and its associated spinoffs, Hellboy has made appearances in other publications:

Great Salt Lake Comic-Con pamphlet
The character name "Hell Boy" was included in a drawing by Mike Mignola of a demon character in a black and white illustration, with the later recognized name appearing on the demon's belt buckle. This image, accompanied by a short biography of Mike Mignola and his latest creation, appeared in the pamphlet in 1991. It is the first published mention of the later recognized name. This image was reprinted in The Art of Hellboy. This image was also used to create the "First Hellboy" statue by Mondo Tees, in both black and white and full color.

Dime Press
A prototype incarnation of Hellboy appeared on the cover of Dime Press #4 (Glamour International Production, 1993), an obscure Italian fanzine, with "Hellboy©Mignola 93" written at the bottom of the cover. The cover, illustrated by Mignola and by the Italian artist Nicola Mari, shows Hellboy in the act of attacking a "diabolic" version of the Italian SF comic book character Nathan Never (with bat wings and pointed tail). Mari at the time was one of the artists that worked on Nathan Never, and the first two years of the life of this comic were the main topic of the fanzine. With the exception of the cover, there is no other mention of Hellboy within the fanzine. The character shown was still in a draft stage, and although close to the final design of Hellboy, it had gray skin and an outfit not common to the character.

San Diego Comic-Con Comics
Mike Mignola's Hellboy by Mike Mignola and John Byrne featured the character's first full appearance, and was a four-page black-and-white story that had an approximately 1,500 book print run. It was published by Dark Horse Comics in San Diego Comic-Con Comics #2 (August 1993) for distribution at the San Diego Comic-Con convention held in San Diego, California. It was also reprinted in The Comic's Buyers Guide #1069, along with an interview with creator Mike Mignola.

Hellboy travels to an American ghost town, where he encounters a mangy mutt that transforms into Anubis, the Ancient Egyptian god of mummification.

The story was collected in the trade paperback Hellboy: Seed of Destruction.

Next Men
Hellboy makes a guest appearance in John Byrne's Next Men #21 (Dark Horse Comics, December 1993); this is the first American appearance in a full-color cameo.

Comics Buyer's Guide
Mike Mignola's Hellboy: World's Greatest Paranormal Investigator by Mike Mignola and John Byrne featured the character's next solo appearance. It was published by Dark Horse Comics in a special four-page mini-comic for distribution in Comics Buyer's Guide #1,070 (May 20, 1994).

In the story Hellboy battles with the disembodied head of Nazi scientist Herman von Klempt and his puppet henchman Brutus the Gorilla to rescue a captive girl from the doctor's transference of nutrient fluids process.

The story was collected in the trade paperback Hellboy: Seed of Destruction.

Celebrate Diversity
Hi, My Name is Hellboy by Mike Mignola was a one-page panel ad that related the character's fictional origins. It was published by Diamond Comic Distributors in catalog supplement Celebrate Diversity collector's edition (October 1994). The ad was collected in the trade paperback The Art of Hellboy.

The Dark Horse Book of...
The Dark Horse Book of... was the banner title given to a series of four one-shot hardcover comic book horror anthologies produced annually by Dark Horse Comics between 2004 and 2007. Each issue contained a Hellboy story — "Dr. Carp's Experiment" (2004), "The Troll Witch" (2005), "The Ghoul" (2006), and "The Hydra and The Lion" (2007). All four stories were collected into the trade paperback Hellboy: The Troll Witch and Others in 2007. The Dark Horse Book of... series itself was collected into The Dark Horse Book of Horror in 2017.

Hellboy: The First 20 Years was published on 1 April 2014.

In other media

Live-action films

Hellboy (2004)

The film was directed and co-written by Guillermo del Toro and starred Ron Perlman as Hellboy (the favorite of both del Toro and Mignola for the role), Selma Blair as Liz Sherman, Rupert Evans as FBI Special Agent John Myers (a character created for the film), John Hurt as Professor Trevor Bruttenholm, Doug Jones as Abe Sapien (voiced by an uncredited David Hyde Pierce), Karel Roden as Grigori Rasputin, and Jeffrey Tambor as FBI Senior Special Agent Tom Manning. The film depicts Hellboy as living at the BPRD with a dozen cats and limited access to the outside world, and considered an urban legend by the general populace.

Hellboy II: The Golden Army (2008)

A sequel, Hellboy II: The Golden Army, was shot in Budapest by Guillermo del Toro and released in 2008, with Perlman and Blair returning. Jones also returned as Abe Sapien (undubbed this time), and also in two other roles: The Angel of Death and The Chamberlain. Revolution Studios had planned on making the film (which Columbia Pictures was to distribute), but the studio went out of business before filming. Universal Studios then picked it up. The plot is a shift to more folklore rather than action, with heavy European overtones. The character of Johann Kraus was added to the team, voiced by Seth MacFarlane. The character Roger the Homunculus was not, but he was written into the plot as a very prominent character in early drafts of the script. The character of Agent Myers from the first film does not return, his absence being explained by Liz remarking that Hellboy had him transferred to Antarctica out of jealousy. Hellboy also reveals himself to the outside world in this film, and Liz is revealed to be pregnant with his children, twins. On November 11, 2008, Hellboy II: The Golden Army was released on DVD.

Cancelled third film

A sequel for Hellboy II: The Golden Army was in development in 2009, entitled Hellboy III: Dark Worlds. Guillermo del Toro was slated to return as the film's director and writer. Ron Perlman, Doug Jones, Seth MacFarlane, Selma Blair and Jeffrey Tambor were set to reprise their roles. In the sequel, Hellboy would live his normal life as a father for his two newborn twins with Liz Sherman, but also has to face an extremely powerful enemy who wishes to rule and bring the darkness upon Earth. In 2017, it was announced that the sequel was canceled due to the difficulty of funding the film, and a reboot would happen instead.

However, in July 2019, Perlman said that he would still love to finish the trilogy with del Toro, ignoring the reboot and that he thought it could happen if financing could be found.

Hellboy (2019)

In May 2017, Mignola announced Millennium Media's plans for an R-rated reboot, at the time titled Hellboy: Rise of the Blood Queen, with David Harbour as  the titular character and Neil Marshall directing from a script by Andrew Cosby, Christopher Golden and Mignola. The film draws inspiration from Darkness Calls, The Wild Hunt, The Storm and the Fury, and Hellboy in Mexico. The film, later retitled as Hellboy, was released on April 12, 2019 to negative reviews. It grossed $55.1 million against a $50 million production budget, with several media outlets declaring it a box office bomb. In 2022, Marshall decried the film, calling it the "worst profession experience" of his life due to creative control being taken from him by the producers and that the script was not salvageable, concluding that "there's nothing of me in that movie."

Hellboy: The Crooked Man (TBA)

In February 2023, Millennium Media announced plans for another reboot titled Hellboy: The Crooked Man, the first in a potential series of films. Brian Taylor is to direct from a script by Mignola and Golden, based on the 2008 comic of the same name, with Jack Kesy as Hellboy.

Animated films

On November 9, 2005, IDT Entertainment issued a press release announcing that the company had licensed the rights to develop "animated content for television and home entertainment" based on the Hellboy comic. Ron Perlman (Hellboy), Selma Blair (Liz Sherman), Doug Jones (Abe Sapien) and John Hurt (Professor Trevor "Broom" Bruttenholm) have all voiced their respective characters. Actress Peri Gilpin joined the cast as Professor Kate Corrigan.

The first two 75-minute animated films, Sword of Storms and Blood and Iron, were aired on Cartoon Network before being released on DVD. The first one aired on October 28, 2006, and the second aired on March 17, 2007.

Both stories have much more in common with the comic book Hellboy rather than the film — Abe Sapien is not psychic, for example, and the artwork and color palette is derived more from Mignola's original artwork. The DVD of Sword of Storms was released on February 6, 2007; it contains documentary material, commentary, and a Hellboy comic, "Phantom Limbs". Blood and Iron similarly contains a comic called "The Yearning".

After the initial release, some stores included exclusive giveaways with copies of the Hellboy Animated: Blood and Iron DVD:
 Best Buy: A 7" Hellboy figure
 Walmart: An 80-page digest titled The Judgment Bell
 Transworld: A 64-page Hellboy Digest
 Infinity: A Lobster Johnson magnet
 Circuit City – A Hellboy "Bust-Up"

A "Hellboy 2 Pak" limited edition DVD set was released July 1, 2008, that contained both films and a 7" figure.

A third animated Hellboy film, The Phantom Claw, has been put on hold. Tad Stones, director and writer of the direct-to-video films, says the film will star Lobster Johnson and will have some familiar characters, but Abe and Liz will not be in the film (at least not as main characters).

Novels and anthologies
Christopher Golden has written several novels about the character, the first two of which, The Lost Army and The Bones of Giants, are part of the official Hellboy story canon. The events of both these novels are listed in the comic's official timeline featured in Hellboy: The Companion. In particular, the Golden-penned character of Anastasia Bransfield was also described in the companion, despite having never actually appeared in a comic.

 Hellboy: The Lost Army (written by Christopher Golden, cover and other illustrations by Mike Mignola, 1997)
 Hellboy: Odd Jobs (by editor Christopher Golden, writers include Stephen R. Bissette, Greg Rucka, Nancy A. Collins, and Poppy Z. Brite; with an introduction by Mike Mignola. Milwaukie: Dark Horse Comics, Inc., , December 1999)
 Hellboy: The Bones of Giants (written by Christopher Golden, cover and other illustrations by Mike Mignola, 2001)
 Hellboy: Odder Jobs (by editor Christopher Golden, writers include Frank Darabont, Guillermo del Toro, Charles de Lint, Graham Joyce, Sharyn McCrumb, James Cambias, and Richard Dean Starr, October 2004)
 Hellboy: On Earth As It Is In Hell (written by Brian Hodge, cover by Mike Mignola, September 2005)
 Hellboy: Unnatural Selection (written by Tim Lebbon, cover by Mike Mignola, March 2006)
 Hellboy: The God Machine (written by Thomas E. Sniegoski, cover by Mike Mignola, July 2006)
 Hellboy: The Dragon Pool (written by Christopher Golden, cover by Mike Mignola, March 2007)
 Hellboy: Emerald Hell (written by Tom Piccirilli, cover by Mike Mignola, February 2008)
 Hellboy: The All-Seeing Eye (written by Mark Morris, cover by Mike Mignola, October 2008)
 Hellboy: Oddest Jobs (by editor Christopher Golden, writers include Joe R. Lansdale, China Miéville, Barbara Hambly, Ken Bruen, Amber Benson, and Tad Williams, July 2008)
 Hellboy: The Fire Wolves (written by Tim Lebbon, cover by Mike Mignola, April 2009)
 Hellboy: The Ice Wolves (written by Mark Chadbourn, cover by Duncan Fegredo, September 2009)
 Hellboy: An Assortment of Horrors (2017)

Video games
A Hellboy video game called Hellboy: Dogs of the Night, developed by Cryo Interactive, was released in 2000 for Microsoft Windows. It was ported to PlayStation as Hellboy: Asylum Seeker with David Gasman voicing Hellboy.

On April 6, 2005, Hellboy director Guillermo del Toro announced on his official site that he had made a deal with the developer Konami to create a new Hellboy video game based on the film version of the character and his world, featuring new monsters, new villains, and a new storyline. Herman von Klempt and his war ape Kriegaffe #10 were slated to make appearances. On May 9, 2006, it was revealed that the Hellboy game would appear in the summer of 2007, on PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and PlayStation Portable. The game was released in North America on June 24, 2008 with the name Hellboy: The Science of Evil with Ron Perlman reprising his role. It is developed by Krome Studios, and published by Konami Digital Entertainment, Inc. As well as single-player campaign where the player gets to play as Hellboy the game also features co-op play, featuring the characters Abe Sapien and Liz Sherman. Two additional levels and Lobster Johnson as a playable character (voiced by Bruce Campbell) as DLC were developed but were unreleased.

A Hellboy video game called Hellboy II: The Golden Army – Tooth Fairy Terror was released for the iPhone by Tuesday Creative on January 14, 2009.

Hellboy is a playable DLC character in Injustice 2, voiced by Bruce Barker, as part of the "Fighter Pack 2". The character was released for download on Tuesday, November 14, 2017. He is brought to the Injustice universe by Brainiac who decides to add him to his collection as he is fascinated by Hellboy's human-like mind and personality despite being a demon. In his ending, Hellboy escapes from Brainiac's collection and defeats him. As a result, he is asked to assist in rounding up local supervillains before eventually returning to the B.P.R.D. but finds his work there unfulfilling and ends up retiring to Africa.

Hellboy appeared as a playable character in Brawlhalla.

A Hellboy roguelike video game, titled Hellboy: Web of Wyrd, is currently in the works by developer Upstream Arcade. It is scheduled for a release on Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S. Lance Reddick voices the title character and it was one of his final productions prior to his death.

Tabletop games
In 2002, Hellboy Sourcebook and Roleplaying Game was published by Steve Jackson Games using their GURPS role-playing system, in both softcover and hardback.

Mantic Games released a Hellboy: The Board Game in 2019, after a successful crowdfunding campaign.

In 2020, Mantic Games followed up the boardgame with another Hellboy Kickstarter campaign, this time for a new Hellboy roleplaying game, using D&D 5E as a base for the game rules. The roleplaying game is aiming for a March 2021 release.

Awards
The miniseries Hellboy: Conqueror Worm won a 2002 Eisner Award for "Best Limited Series", while The Art of Hellboy won an Eisner in 2004 for "Best Comics-Related Book". Mignola won a 2000 Harvey Award for "Best Artist", based on Hellboy: Box Full of Evil. Hellboy: Darkness Calls won a 2007 Eagle Award for "Favourite Colour Comicbook – American".

The character Hellboy was nominated for "Favourite Comics Character" at the 2004 and 2005 Eagle Awards. Other Eagle Award nominations include "Favourite Comics Story published during 2007" for Hellboy: Darkness Calls, and "Favourite Comics Hero".

The comics writer Alan Moore listed Hellboy on his recommendations page, particularly Wake the Devil (Vol. 2), calling it "the skillful cutting and the setting of the stone that we can see Mignola's sharp contemporary sensibilities at work".

In March 2009, Hellboy won two categories in the fan voted Project Fanboy Awards for 2008: "Best Indy Hero" and "Best Indy Character".

In 2011, Hellboy was ranked 25th of the Top 100 Comic Book Heroes by IGN.

Merchandise
On May 22, 2017, Dark Horse Comics, XXX Distillery LLC, and Prestige Imports LLC officially released Hellboy Hell Water Cinnamon Whiskey, a small batch, naturally-flavored whiskey.

See also
 The Amazing Screw-On Head, another comic book from Dark Horse written and drawn by Mike Mignola.

References

 Mignola on Hellboy's Extended Universe. Comic Book Resources. March 3, 2008.
 NYCC: Hellboy Dominates 2008

External links

 Hellboy Zone. Dark Horse Comics.
 Hellboy at Don Markstein's Toonopedia.

 Hellboy videogame at the Konami website

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Hellboy


Ransomware este un software rău intenționat care, după ce se instalează pe dispozitivul victimei (calculator, smartphone), criptează datele victimei ținându-le "ostatice" sau șantajează victima, pe care o amenință că îi va publica datele dacă aceasta nu plătește o "răscumpărare" (în ). De cele mai multe ori, ransomware-ul păcălește victima, spunându-i că s-a găsit activitate ilegală pe dispozitiv și că trebuie să plătească o sumă de bani. În cele mai multe cazuri, când victima a plătit suma solicitată, victima nu a scăpat de ransomware. Ransomware-ul WannaCry infectează dispozitivele pe baza vulnerabilității pe care o prezintă SMBv1. Dacă calculatorul are activat SMBv2 sau SMBv3, Wanna Cry nu poate ataca.

Exemple de ransomware

Wanna Cry
 Petya
Bad Rabbit
 GoldenEye
 Dharma
CERBER
Locky
CryptoLocker
SamSam
Fusob
Reventon
TeslaCrypt
Shade
CTB-Locker
Lortok
TorrentLocker
Cryakl
CryptoWall
Svpeng
Onion
Pletor
Small
FBI MoneyPak

Vezi și

 Înșelăciune electronică

Note

 Wanna Cry și Petya pe Playtech
 GoldenEye pe Ziarul Financiar

Atacuri criptografice
Fraude financiare
Securitate informatică
Software rău intenționat
Tipuri de software rău intenționat
Atacuri cibernetice

Ransomware


Alimata Bara é uma comerciante de Beguédo, um pequeno vilarejo no leste de Burquina Fasso, na África Ocidental. Ela é uma das muitas "esposas solteiras" que se casaram com homens que trabalham no exterior (os chamados migrantes econômicos) e os veem poucas vezes em décadas. Ao contrário de outras esposas, ela abriu um pequeno comércio de carvão e vende parte da colheita da fazenda de sua família, conseguindo sobreviver, já que seu marido envia pouco dinheiro de tempos em tempos.

Vida pessoal
Em 2009, aos 17 anos, Alimata Bara se casou com Saada, um "italiano", apelido dos homens migrantes econômicos que foram trabalhar na Itália. Os dois se conheceram no mercado, conversaram, ele levou grãos de café para os pais dela e os dois se casaram 10 dias depois. Alimata Bara e seu marido acreditavam que ela se juntaria a ele no exterior e, dessa forma, escaparia das dificuldades da vida rural em seu país. Contudo, logo após o casamento, Saada perdeu o emprego por conta da crise econômica e da mudança na política migratória da Europa, onde os imigrantes são impedidos de entrar. Hoje ele trabalha em uma fazenda de batatas, onde provavelmente cumpre uma jornada extremamente longa e recebe muito pouco por isso.

Assim Saada não levou Alimata Bara para a Itália e ele mesmo voltou a Beguédo apenas duas vezes desde o casamento. O casal passou menos de seis meses juntos entre 2009 e 2015. Alimata Bara é uma das muitas "esposas solteiras" da cidade: passou a viver com os sogros (como é o costume local), cuida da filha Omayma (que tinha 6 anos em 2015) e do filho Obaidou (que tinha três anos e só tinha visto o pai uma vez na vida) e espera seu marido retornar. Ela também cuida dos pais de Saada (que são idosos), trabalha na roça e cozinha; ou seja, ela é a provedora e cuidadora da família, o centro da casa.

Até mesmo a esperança de que, mesmo sem ter seu marido ao seu lado, ele poderia lhe dar uma vida boa não se cumpriu. Com o dinheiro que ganhou no exterior, Saada construiu uma pequena casa de um cômodo para Alimata, mas só consegue enviar 80 reais (cotação de 2015) de tempos em tempos. Felizmente, ela consegue sobreviver porque abriu uma pequena venda de carvão e porque vende parte da colheita.

Alimata nunca ficou esperando o dinheiro que seu marido mandaria da Itália. Durante a gravidez de sua filha, ela vendia verduras no mercado, mesmo que os pés inchassem por ficar no sol o dia todo, e que seu marido a mandasse ficar em casa. Com esse trabalho, ela economizou o suficiente para depois do nascimento da filha Omayma, comprar alguns sacos de carvão para negociar. Os lucros que ela obteve com a venda dos sacos de carvão, ela reinvestiu no pequeno negócio e agora tem um estoque de 30 sacos de carvão, que ela guarda e vende em um pequeno abrigo construído pelo marido em frente à sua casa. Além disso, quando tem tempo, Alimata vai de bicicleta ajudar sua mãe a cultivar a terra ond eplantam quiabo, painço, cebola e amendoim.

Ela faz piada com sua situação, já que cinco anos de boas colheitas de amendoim não renderiam o dinheiro para uma passagem de avião. Ela desistiu de ir morar com ele na Itália e só quer que ele volte. Os dois costumam conversar por Skype quando Alimata vai a um pequeno cibercafé localizado em Beguedo.

Os migrantes econômicos
Segundo Mahamadou Zongo, sociólogo e professor da Universidade de Ouagadougou, nessa região de Beguédo, "quem não migrou é considerado alguém que não tem os olhos abertos. A migração é considerada formativa, constituindo-se quase como uma iniciação agir para passar da adolescência à maioridade". Mas esse é um fenômeno continental: os homens deixam suas famílias e migram para países vizinhos ou para a Europa em busca de melhores empregos, ficando por lá por anos ou décadas. "As mulheres [...] são responsáveis por ficar em casa cuidando da roça e dos filhos. Elas são abandonadas por seus pais, maridos e filhos por anos, até décadas. [...] E as esposas, mães, filhas, geralmente donas de casa, vivem como sombras, rondando o único espaço da cidade".

Antigamente, os casamentos em áreas rurais como Beguédo eram planejados durante meses. Antes do casamento, o pretendente devia trabalhar na fazenda dos futuros sogros para demonstrar que era confiável e que poderia ser um bom marido e suprir as necessidades de sua família. Mas agora, com tantos homens migrantes econômicos, é comum que eles escolham suas esposas em uma de suas viagens de férias e logo retornem para a Europa.

Os homens prometem retornar para casa regularmente ou mesmo levar suas esposas para o exterior quando se estabelecerem financeiramente por lá. Mas isso só foi real para os homens que migraram antes da crise econômica da Europa, quando os países aceitavam imigrantes. Os mais jovens não vivem a mesma experiência: passam-se 5 ou 6 anos entre o casamento e o primeiro retorno dos maridos. A diferença de contexto também pode ser constatada pelas ruas da cidade de Beguedo: Casas simples (dos "novos italianos") são ladeadas por casas grandes (dos "velhos italianos"). Um dos "velhos italianos" passou décadas trabalhando na Europa, enviava cerca de 160 reais para a família mensalmente, e conseguiu voltar para casa várias vezes e ajudar a cuidar dos sete filhos. Os "italianos" constroem casas em Beguedo pensando em ter para onde voltar quando estiverem velhos.

Mais da metade das mulheres com filhos que vivem em Beguédo estão nessa situação. Como a maior parte dos habitantes da cidade é da tribo Bissa que é muçulmana, alguns dos homens decidem se casar uma segunda vez e abandonam suas primeiras esposas, que passam a depender financeiramente dos filhos. Para se precaver de tal situação, algumas esposas guardam parte do pouco que recebem de seus maridos em poupanças pessoais, sem contar a eles. Outros homens levam suas novas esposas italianas para Beguedo e tratam suas esposas africanas como se fossem irmãs ou primas.

Por toda essa situação, alguns chamam Beguédo de "a pequena Itália".

Muitas dessas mulheres se arrependem de ter abandonado a escola tão cedo para se casar, pois poderiam ter se formado em uma profissão e não precisariam viver nessas condições.

Reconhecimento
Alimata Bara foi nomeada uma das 100 Mulheres mais inspiradoras do mundo pela BBC na lista de 100 Mulheres de 2015.

Veja também

 100 Mulheres (BBC)
 Mulheres na categoria BBC 100 Mulheres

Burquina Fasso
Pessoas na lista BBC 100 Mulheres de 2015

Alimata Bara


دفاتر الصحراء هو منبر إعلامي مستقل من أرض الساقية الحمراء ووادي الذهب، تأسس في مارس 2004، وقد أعطى حيزاً كبيراً في نشاطاته لتغطية انتفاضة الاستقلال السلمية التي اندلعت بمدينة العيون عاصمة الساقية الحمراء ووادي الذهب في 21 مايو 2005.

انطلق موقع دفاتر الصحراء سنة 2004 بإمكانيات جد متواضعة ليتحول بعد ذلك سنة 2005 إلى موقع إخباري مختص في تغطية أخبار انتفاضة الاستقلال التي وبنجاحها نجح معها هذا الموقع إلى درجة أنه لم يكن بالإمكان استيعاب عدد الزيارات الكثيرة في بعض الأحيان بل وقامت الحكومة المغربية في سبتمبر 2005 بحجبه رسمياً داخل تراب المملكة المغربية وتراب الساقية الحمراء ووادي الذهب.

المصادر

الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية

دفاتر الصحراء


The Original Soupman was a chain of soup restaurants originally run by Iranian-American soup vendor Ali "Al" Yeganeh (), modeled after Yeganeh's original restaurant Soup Kitchen International, which was a well-known soup restaurant at 259-A West 55th Street (between Broadway and 8th Avenue), in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The restaurant was known for its strict rules amongst its customers.

The 55th Street location, which began operating in 1984, was closed in 2004, with the windows soaped over. Yeganeh kept the lease on the shop while he looked to expand into a broader market. This led to the formation of the Original Soup Man chain and eventually led to the reopening of the Soup Kitchen International location in 2010 under the name "Original Soup Man", like all of Yeganeh's other restaurants.

In 2017, the chief financial officer of The Original Soupman was indicted for income tax evasion, and the chain went into bankruptcy, which led to all of its stores being closed.  Later in 2017, the chain emerged from bankruptcy under new ownership, and it re-opened in the original location in late 2018, going by its former name The Original Soup Kitchen. Although Yeganeh is not involved with the day-to-day operations anymore, he still owns the brand name and is in charge of the soup recipes.

Original restaurant

In a profile of Yeganeh and Soup Kitchen International published in The New Yorker in 1989, both the small restaurant's popularity and Yeganeh's obsessive focus on his customers' behavior were noted. Yeganeh was quoted in the article as saying "I tell you, I hate to work with the public. They treat me like a slave. My philosophy is: The customer is always wrong and I'm always right." Yeganeh explained his strict philosophy about customer behavior by noting that, "Whoever follows [my rules] I treat very well. My regular customers don't say anything. They are very intelligent and well educated. They know I'm just trying to move the line."  However, the writer noted that customers who stalled or complained would be bypassed, and quoted one person in line as advising others, "Just don't talk. Do what he says."

Fame via Seinfeld
Yeganeh was the inspiration for the "Soup Nazi" character in the eponymous episode of the NBC television sitcom Seinfeld, which first aired on November 2, 1995. In this episode, Yeganeh, fictionalized as "Yev Kassem", was portrayed as the tyrannical purveyor of his soups, making all of his customers follow a strict set of rules if they wish to successfully procure a bowl of one of his coveted soups. Kassem was portrayed by Larry Thomas, who made two appearances in the series. For the original episode, Thomas was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series in 1996.

According to writer Spike Feresten, Jerry Seinfeld and several members of the production team went to Soup Kitchen International for lunch weeks after "The Soup Nazi" aired, despite Feresten warning Seinfeld that Yeganeh was now well aware of the episode and was not pleased with the attention it had brought him. Upon recognizing Seinfeld, Yeganeh "did a triple take" and then went into a profanity-filled rant about how the show had "ruined" his business, demanding an apology. Seinfeld allegedly gave what Feresten describes as "the most sarcastic apology I've ever seen anyone give", upon which Yeganeh ejected them from the restaurant, shouting "No soup for you!" in the process.

Franchises

After reopening, "The Original Soup Man" opened franchises in various cities throughout the United States and Canada, including four in Manhattan. The soups were made in Yeganeh's industrial kitchen in Linden, New Jersey. Yeganeh licensed his recipes, name, and likeness to the company. Franchises were provided with some 45 soup varieties in  bags available in rotation. Chains participating in subfranchising the soups included Ranch One and Cold Stone Creamery. On March 3, 2008, the first Original Soup Man franchise on a college campus was opened in the Russell House University Union at the University of South Carolina. This venue closed near the end of spring 2011.

Reportedly, the strictness popularized by the original location need not necessarily be followed by the franchisees, but Yeganeh banned any Soup Nazi references by franchises and their staff while on the job and has strongly encouraged his franchise owners to avoid references to Seinfeld in their promotions. (However, his marketing contains at least two Seinfeld references, the phrase "Soup for you!" and a mention of the show on the back of his packaged soup offerings.) At the time, Yeganeh accepted media inquiries, but his "media rules" forbade mention of "the 'N' word" (Nazi), personal questions, or follow-up questions. Interviews were conducted only via e-mail.

Despite Yeganeh's contempt for the Soup Nazi character, it was announced on July 22, 2015 that Soupman, Inc. licensed the image of actor Larry Thomas, who portrayed the "Soup Nazi" character on Seinfeld, to promote Yeganeh's soups across America.

Grocery store offerings
Soup Kitchen International Inc., "The Original Soupman," and Yeganeh announced on April 22, 2005, that a retail line of "heat-n-serve" soups would be available in May at select grocery stores. There were five different variations available made by SoBe Beverages and supervised by Al Yeganeh. The soups were packaged in 15 oz. 'Grab-N-Go' clear packages. Since its launch in May 2005, "The Original Soupman" line of soups has been sold in 14 states and over 7,000 grocery stores across the United States and Canada.

Bankruptcy and relaunch
In May 2017, Robert Bertrand, the chief financial officer of The Original Soupman, was arrested and charged with income tax evasion for failure to pay the company's Medicare, Social Security, and federal income taxes dating back to 2010. Less than two months later, the chain filed for bankruptcy. All of the company's assets, including its licenses from Yeganeh and its license of the image of Larry Thomas, were sold in a bankruptcy sale in September 2017 to a company called Gallant Brands, headed by Joseph Hagan. All of the company's physical locations were closed at that time, most of its major customers were lost, and the company only continued to operate its grocery store sales business.

In April 2018, Bertrand pled guilty and was sentenced to nine months in prison; his defense was that his actions were intended to keep the company afloat. Around that time, The Original Soupman was able to re-enter New York City's public schools lunch program after some modifications to the recipes, then to expand sales to delis and supermarkets in the New York City area, and finally, in December 2018, it opened its first post-bankruptcy physical location in a Times Square kiosk. As of September 2023, it does not have a web presence.

Other popular culture
The "Soup Nazi" character in Seinfeld was not the first time that Yeganeh was referenced in film. According to Nora Ephron's DVD commentary, the first pop culture reference to Yeganeh (though not by name) occurs in the 1993 movie Sleepless in Seattle, which Ephron co-wrote and directed. In the film, a magazine writer discusses a potential story: "This man sells the greatest soup you have ever eaten, and he is the meanest man in America. I feel very strongly about this, Becky; it's not just about the soup."

References

Brand name soups
Companies based in Monmouth County, New Jersey
Eatontown, New Jersey
Midtown Manhattan
Restaurants in Manhattan

The Original Soupman


Jamal Harris Bhuyan (født 10. april 1990) er en danskfødt bangladeshisk fodboldspiller, der spiller som midtbane.

International karriere
Han spiller for Bangladeshs fodboldlandshold. Den 31. august 2012 fik han sin debut for A-landsholdet i en kamp imod Nepals fodboldlandshold, hvor han blev den første spiller, der debuterede på A-landsholdet uden at være bosiddende i landet.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Danmark
Fodboldspillere fra Hellerup IK
Fodboldspillere fra Avedøre IF

Jamal Bhuyan


Walter Percy Sladen ( - ) est un biologiste anglais spécialisé dans les étoiles de mer.

Biographie
Fils d'un riche marchand de cuir, Sladen est né près de Halifax, dans le Yorkshire. Il fait ses études à la Hipperholme Grammar School et au Marlborough College, mais ne reçoit aucune formation universitaire. Jeune homme, il s'intéresse à l'histoire naturelle comme passe-temps, mais devient rapidement fasciné par les échinodermes. En 1876, il devient membre de la Linnean Society of London et, l'année suivante de la Zoological Society of London. En 1877 il publie son premier article, dans lequel il divise le genre de nénuphar Poteriocrinus en quatre; de son vivant, Sladen gagne une réputation de "séparateur" en raison de sa propension à déclarer que les spécimens appartiennent à de nouveaux genres ou espèces. Vers la fin de cette année, il entame une longue et fructueuse collaboration avec Duncan qui aboutit à la publication d'une quinzaine d'articles co-écrits, dont beaucoup sur les fossiles, sur une période de douze ans.

Après sa mort, la femme de Sladen souhaite préserver la mémoire de son mari en faisant don de sa grande collection d'échinodermes au Royal Albert Memorial Museum d'Exeter et en créant la Percy Sladen Memorial Trust, administrée par la Linnean Society pour soutenir la recherche scientifique.

Le poisson-hachette Argyropelecus sladeni porte son nom.

Références

Liens externes

Élève de Marlborough College
Membre de la Linnean Society of London
Membre de la Société zoologique de Londres
Membre de la Société géologique de Londres
Zoologiste britannique
Naissance en juin 1849
Décès en juin 1900

Percy Sladen


La Rioja:

 La Rioja eyaleti, Arjantin
 La Rioja, Arjantin
 La Rioja (İspanya)

La Rioja