Conversation au café est une peinture à l'huile sur bois de Giovanni Boldini, peintre italien installé à Paris ; l'œuvre, une peinture à l'huile sur panneau de bois de ,  datable d'environ 1879, est conservée dans une collection privée.

Contexte
En s'installant à Paris en 1871, Boldini a la chance de rejoindre une métropole vivante, moderne et frénétique, animée par une effervescence de la vie : dans ces années-là, en effet, la Ville lumière veut laisser derrière elle la guerre franco-allemande de 1870 et s'est donc emplie de théâtres, de musées, de restaurants et de cafés à la mode. Les cafés - lieux fréquentés par l'« élite » artistique et littéraire française, où de nouvelles idées et théories esthétiques sont discutées avec ferveur - sont globalement l'un des thèmes favoris des impressionnistes, qui les identifient comme un excellent prétexte pour dépeindre la « tranche de vie » contemporaine, sans abandonner les vues urbaines extérieures. Les impressionnistes eux-mêmes, lorsque le soleil s'est couché et qu'il est donc impossible de peindre, ont d'ailleurs l'habitude de se réunir dans un café (d'abord le café Guerbois, puis le café de la Nouvelle Athènes) pour discuter de leurs expérimentations picturales.

Arrivé au cœur de la modernité, Boldini se consacre également à la représentation du café, donnant naissance à des tableaux comme cette Conversation au café, aujourd'hui conservée dans une collection privée. C'est un tableau très intéressant non seulement d'un point de vue artistique mais aussi en ce qui concerne les événements de l'existence du peintre, romantiquement lié à deux jolies femmes françaises : Berthe et la comtesse Gabrielle de Rasty. Berthe, non la célèbre modèle d'Édouard Manet, correspond à une typologie féminine candide, dénuée de malice, au point que Stile Arte parle d'un « mon petit chou » ou, encore, d'« une ancienne écolière soudainement projetée dans le monde » et d'« une petite fille-ange aux yeux bleus ». La comtesse Gabrielle de Rasty, quant à elle, est pleinement consciente de sa propre corporéité au sens le plus charnel du terme et l'exhibe avec audace, faisant preuve d'une sensualité coquette et impertinente.

Description
Assises à la terrasse d'un café parisien, deux femmes en pleine conversation commentent une scène qui a lieu en dehors du cadre. Elles affichent toutes deux des toilettes raffinées : Berthe porte une robe dite « princesse », d'une seule venue de l'encolure à l'ourlet, complétée par une veste en velours noir, Gabrielle un long manteau gris brun bordé de fourrure.

Analyse
Dans ce petit panneau, Boldini s'amuse à réunir, bien que dans un espace fictif comme l'espace pictural, deux mondes séduisants et opposés. Les deux femmes, qui sont des incarnations radicalement différentes du topos féminin : Gabrielle de Rasty, à droite, domine la conversation et lâche un regard qui intrigue et envoûte l'observateur, le conquérant devant le visage et la sensualité charnelle du corps ; Berthe, au contraire, feint le désintérêt et, cédant à un malaise instinctif, tourne son regard vers sa gauche, vers un événement qui se déroule hors de l'espace pictural. Ainsi se dessine un contraste palpable, tant d'un point de vue pictural qu'érotique, entre ces deux types féminins si éloignés l'un de l'autre. D'autres analyses ont vu dans la femme à droite, Berthe, la muse des premiers tableaux parisiens de Boldini. Dans ce cas, comme un couple antithétique, la blonde et la brune incarnent le passé et l'avenir sentimental et professionnel du peintre.

Boldini lui-même, en revanche, approfondit cette divergence dans de nombreuses autres œuvres : Berthe Morisot, sera toujours l'incarnation de la « jeune femme romantique qui, à travers la connaissance du libertin, s'engagera dans une voie d'exploration corporelle qui la conduira au-delà de ses propres présupposés virginaux ». Boldini jouera de la sensualité troublante de Gabrielle de Rasty dans des œuvres torrides à saveur libertine, totalement dépourvues de barrières moralisatrices.

Boldini prend ses distances avec la gamme chromatique de sa production destinée au marchand Goupil. La palette de gris et de noirs reflète ses réflexions sur la peinture hollandaise et annonce son changement de style de la décennie suivante. Sa touche rapide ne l'empêche pas d'accorder aux détails un soin particulier, notamment dans la description de l'intérieur du café, avec ses trois personnages qui semblent eux aussi s'adonner aux joies du commérage.

Références

Bibliographie
 .

Articles connexes
 Liste d'œuvres de Giovanni Boldini

Tableau de Giovanni Boldini
Tableau réalisé en 1879
Café dans la peinture
Chien dans la peinture
Paris dans la peinture
Œuvre de Giovanni Boldini dans une collection privée

Conversation au café


Barret Eugene "Barry" Hansen (født 2. april 1941) er en amerikansk dj, skuespiller, og komiker.

Diskografi
Der er blevet udgivet en række opsamlingsalbums af Dr. Demento, inklusive:
 Dr. Demento's Delights (1975)
 Dr. Demento's Dementia Royale (1980)
 Dr. Demento's Mementos (1982)
 Dr. Demento Presents the Greatest Novelty Records of All Time Volume I: The 1940s (and Before) (1985)
 Dr. Demento Presents the Greatest Novelty Records of All Time, Volume II: The 1950s (1985)
 Dr. Demento Presents the Greatest Novelty Records of All Time, Volume III: The 1960s (1985)
 Dr. Demento Presents the Greatest Novelty Records of All Time, Volume IV: The 1970s (1985)
 Dr. Demento Presents the Greatest Novelty Records of All Time, Volume V: The 1980s (1985)
 Dr. Demento Presents the Greatest Novelty Records of All Time, Volume VI: Christmas (1985)
 Dr. Demento Presents the Greatest Novelty CD of All Time (1988)
 Dr. Demento Presents the Greatest Christmas Novelty CD of All Time (1989)
 Dr. Demento 20th Anniversary Collection (1991)
 Dr. Demento: Holidays In Dementia (1995)
 Dr. Demento's Country Corn (1995)
 Dr. Demento 25th Anniversary Collection (1996)
 Dr. Demento 2000! 30th Anniversary Collection (2001)
 Dr. Demento's Hits From Outer Space (2003)
 Dr. Demento Interviews, The (2013)
 Dr. Demento Covered in Punk (2018)

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

Personer fra Minneapolis
Skuespillere fra Minnesota

Dr. Demento


Radium Springs, Novi Meksiko
Radium Springs, Georgia
Radium Hot Springs, Nacionalni park Kootenay

Radium Springs


Atlas banka je crnogorska poslovna banka osnovana 2002. godine te je jedna od najvećih u zemlji. Osim u zemlji, banka posluje i u inozemstvu i to u Beogradu, Prištini, Moskvi i Limassolu.

Banka je članica Fonda za zaštitu depozita dok je 2017. godine potpisan inicijalni ugovor s kineskom kartičnom tvrtkom China UnionPay (Union Pay International).

Kontroverze
Tijekom srpnja 2015. započeo je spor između Atlas banke i arapske tvrtke Kaspia Property Holdings koja je tada aktivirala bankarsku garanciju u vrijednosti od 12,5 milijuna eura koje je banka odbila isplatiti. Tamošnji Trgovački sud je prvotno odbio tužbeni zahtjev kao neosnovan. Kompanija sa sjedištem u Dubaiju nije odustala tako da je novom prvostupanjskom presudom odlučeno da banka mora isplatiti garanciju.

Bivši službenici bankovne poslovnice u Kolašinu podizali su kredite u ime sugrađana a taj skandal datira još iz 2006. godine. Tada su podnjete prve kaznene prijave a apsurd je tim veći jer je kolašinsko tužiteljstvo tada odbacilo tužbe zbog navodne zastarjelosti. Slučaj je pokrenut nakon što je utvrđeno da su službenici kolašinske poslovnice podigli kredite u ime 370 sugrađana u ukupnom iznosu od preko 1,5 milijuna eura.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Službene web stranice banke

Banke u Crnoj Gori

Atlas banka


Sezonul 2005-2006  este al doilea sezon în liga a II-a, după ce echipa s-a reîntors din liga a III-a. Antrenor este doar Nicolae Burcea fiindcă Viorel Ion s-a reîntors acasă la el adică la Gloria Buzău, echipa era foarte aproape sezonul trecut anterior să obțină promovarea în liga I dar nu s-a putut face asta în nici un fel, deci echipa rămâne în liga a II-a obligatoriu.

Echipă

Echipă

Transferuri

Sosiri

Plecări

Clasamentul după 30 de etape se prezintă astfel:

Sezon

Seria II

Rezultate

Sezon intern

Sezoanele echipei Dunărea Galați

Dunărea Galați în sezonul 2005-2006


Triticinae, subtribus trava u potporodici Pooideae dio tribusa Triticeae. Postoji nekoliko rodova. Ime je došlo po rodu Triticum.

Rodovi
 Aegilops L.
 × Aegilotriticum P. Fourn.
 Dasypyrum (Coss. & Durieu) T. Durand
 Thinopyrum Á. Löve
 × Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus
 Triticum L.

Izvori

Triticeae

Triticinae


Tilidin, vrsta psihoaktivne droge. Uvršten je u Hrvatskoj na temelju Zakona o suzbijanju zlouporabe droga na Popis droga, psihotropnih tvari i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga te tvari koje se mogu uporabiti za izradu droga, pod Popis droga i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga, pod Droge sukladno Popisu 1. Jedinstvene konvencije UN-a o drogama iz 1961. godine. Kemijsko ime je (±)-etil-trans-2-(dimetilamino)-1-fenil-3-cikloheksen-1-karboksilat.

Izvori

Psihoaktivne droge

Tilidin


Le MFK Tyumen (en ) et un club de futsal russe fondé en 1999 et basé à Tioumen.

Histoire

Champion de Russie en titre, le MFK Tyumen participe pour la première fois à la Ligue des champions en 2019-2020 et termine à la quatrième place.

En Ligue des champions 2021-2022, le MFK accueille et remporte le groupe A du Tour élite début décembre. Il remporte trois succès face à ACCS (5-2), Viten Orsha (3-2) puis Kairat Almaty (3-2), et se qualifie pour le Final four pour la deuxième fois en autant de participation.

Palmarès

Titres et trophées

 Championnat de Russie (1)
 Champion : 2019
 Finaliste : 2010 et 2021
  : 2013 et 2018

Bilan par saison

Personnalités

Joueurs notables

En 2013, le brésilien Ferrão est élu meilleur jeune du monde aux Prix FutsalPlanet alors qu'il est joueur du MFK.

Entre 2015 et 2019, l'international serbe Miodrag Aksentijević garde les buts de l'équipe.

Effectif 2021-2022

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes

Tyumen
Club sportif fondé en 1999
Sport à Tioumen

MFK Tyumen


Brodmann area 45 (BA45), is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. It is situated on the lateral surface, inferior to BA9 and adjacent to BA46.

This area in humans occupies the triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus (H) and, surrounding the anterior horizontal limb of the lateral sulcus (H), a portion of the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus (H). Bounded caudally by the anterior ascending limb of the lateral sulcus (H), it borders on the insula in the depth of the lateral sulcus.

In terms of cytoarchitecture, it is bounded caudally by the opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 44 (BA44)), rostrodorsally by the middle frontal area 46 (BA46), and ventrally by the orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 47 BA47).

Functions
The left-hemisphere Brodmann area 44 and Brodmann area 45 make up Broca's area, a region that is active in semantic tasks, such as semantic decision tasks (determining whether a word represents an abstract or a concrete entity) and generation tasks (generating a verb associated with a noun).

The precise role of BA45 in semantic tasks remains controversial. For some researchers, its role would be to subserve semantic retrieval or semantic working memory processes. Under this view, BA44 and BA45 would together guide recovery of semantic information and evaluate the recovered information with regard to the criterion appropriate to a given context. A slightly modified account of this view is that activation of BA45 is needed only under controlled semantic retrieval, when strong stimulus-stimulus associations are absent. For other researchers, BA45's role is not restricted to semantics per se, but to all activities that require task-relevant representations from among competing representations.
Lesions of the BA45 lead to the characteristic findings of expressive aphasia in individuals who are left hemispheric dominant.

Research findings

Asymmetry and language dominance

A strong correlation has been found between speech-language and the anatomically asymmetric pars triangularis.  Foundas, et al. showed that language function can be localized to one region of the brain, as Paul Broca had done before them, but they also supported the idea that one side of the brain is more involved with language than the other.  The human brain has two hemispheres, and each one looks similar to the other; that is, it looks like one hemisphere is a mirror image of the other. However, Foundas, et al. found that the pars triangularis in Broca's area is actually larger than the same region in the right side of the brain.  This "leftward asymmetry" corresponded both in form and function, which means that the part of the brain that is active during language processing is larger.  In almost all the test subjects, this was the left side.  In fact, the only subject tested that had right-hemispheric language dominance was found to have a rightward asymmetry of the pars triangularis.

Certain other researchers, however, have found no volumetric asymmetries in the pars triangularis. They have challenged previous findings that pars triangularis asymmetry exists and have suggested that inconsistencies in previous findings may be due to great variability in inter-individual pars triangularis morphology.  That is, these regions tend to vary in size and shape much more than other areas of the brain, such as deep cortical nuclei.  Furthermore, while these researcher found statistically significant asymmetries in the pars opercularis and the planum temporale, they found no correlations between asymmetries of these brain regions with that of the pars triangularis.

Connections in inferior frontal gyrus

At least one study demonstrated a high degree of connectivity between the three subregions of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG).  By stimulating one region of the IFG and measuring the response in distinct regions, these researchers were able to demonstrate the existence of numerous pathways between the pars triangularis and pars opercularis.  Also, stimulation of one region of the pars triangularis elicited a response in distinct regions of the pars triangularis, illustrating the presence of networks within the subgyral region.

Additionally, The pars triangularis was implicated in semantic processing of language.  By measuring the response of the brain by electroencephalography as it responded to different sentence types (those with or without semantic errors), Maess et al. demonstrated a time-lag in the comprehension of erroneous sentences. To understand this one would only need to imagine a person being told something they did not understand.  They would pause and take a moment to process the information. Furthermore, these researchers demonstrated a characteristic processing pattern called an "N400", which refers to a negativity that appears in the pars triangularis about 400 ms after the syntactic mismatch is presented. However, the pars triangularis is likely to be only part of the network generating the N400 response in EEG since the magnetic counterpart N400m measured using MEG has been consistently localized to the superior temporal cortex.

Prefrontal cortex and the cognitive control of memory

Pars triangularis has been shown to have a role in cognitive control of memory.  There are more ways than one to remember something.  When a person remembers, (s)he retrieves information from storage in a memory center of the brain.  This information may be the muscle contraction sequence for shoe-tying, the face of a loved one, or anything in between.  When someone remembers something automatically, without concentrating on it and without trying, it is called "bottom-up" processing.  But sometimes, people really have to struggle to remember something.  A student taking a test and trying to remember the answer to a question is concentrating their attention on retrieving the memory.  The student is exhibiting cognitive control over their memory.  This type of processing is directed, in part, by the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC).   Pars triangularis is found in this region.

When reading aloud, people must decode written language to decipher its pronunciation.  This processing takes place in Broca's area.  The reader might use previous knowledge of a word in order to correctly vocalize it, or the reader might use knowledge of systematic letter combinations, which represent corresponding phonemes.  Scientists can learn about what the brain is doing while people process language by looking at what it does with errors in language.  As above, scientists can investigate the extra processing that occurs when people are challenged with a problem.  In this case, scientists took advantage of the way pseudo-words and exception words by examining the brain as it interprets these problematic words.
When people process language, they use different parts of Broca's area for different things. Pars triangularis is involved in a specific type of language processing.  Specifically, pars triangularis becomes activated when people read exception words, which are words with atypical spelling-to-sound relationships.  For example, "have" is an exception word because it is pronounced with a short "a", which is contrary to grammatical rules of pronunciation.  The "e" at the end of the word should lead to the pronunciation of the long "a" sound, as in "cave" or "rave".  Because we are so familiar with the word "have", we are able to remember its pronunciation, and we don't have to think through the rules each time we read it. Pars triangularis helps us do that.

When trying to retrieve information in a top-down fashion, some kind of control mechanism is necessary.  Recalling that top-down retrieval depends on conscious control, it is easy to see that there must be some way to exclude irrelevant data from the retrieval.  In order to home in on the desired information, some selection must occur.  This selection is thought to occur post-retrieval in the mid-VLPFC, which corresponds generally to the location of pars triangularis.  The theory here is that information is retrieved by certain regions of the left VLPFC, and then it is selected for relevance in another region.  This is called the "two part" model of memory retrieval.

Almost every person in the world has learned at least one language.  Also, almost everyone that has learned a language has learned it at a young age.  Some people are multilingual.  Some of these multilingual have learned second or third languages in concert with their first, at a young age, and some have learned other languages in their adulthood.  Studies on different subsets of monolinguals and multilinguals have revealed some interesting findings.

By looking at the similarities between the first and second language and what they do to the brain, these researchers found that brain activation looked very different depending on which language the test subjects were processing.  They found that pars triangularis activation changes during processing of these different languages, which is understandable considering the known role of pars triangularis in language.

There is a difference between the processing patterns of primary and secondary languages in processing of passive sentences.  These are sentences using some form of the verb "be" with a verb in the past participle form.  For example, "He is ruined" is a passive sentence because the verb "ruin" is in the past participle form and used with "is", which is a form of the verb "be".  This study shows that processing this sentence, late bilinguals used their pars triangularis much more than their counterparts.  This result implies certain things about the way language is learned.  For example, It has been suggested that the reason people often have such difficulty learning foreign languages during adulthood is that their brains are trying to code language information in a region of the brain that is not dedicated to understanding language.  According to this view, this is the reason native speakers are able to speak so quickly while their late-bilingual counterparts are forced to stutter as they struggle to process grammatical rules.

Cortical dynamics of word recognition

There is a theory that pars triangularis is especially involved in semantic processing of language, as opposed to phonological processing.  That is, pars triangularis is thought to be more involved in deciphering the meaning of words rather than trying to decide what the word is based on the sound that goes into the ear.  This study got data that supported this theory.  Furthermore, these researchers saw evidence for parallel semantic processing, which occurs when the brain multitasks.  When their subjects were undergoing experimentation, they were presented with consonant strings, pseudo-words, and words, and the delay between stimulus and brain activity was about the same for phonological and semantic processing, even though the two seemed to occur in slightly different regions.

In the study "Semantic Encoding and Retrieval in the Left Inferior Prefrontal Cortex: A Functional magnetic resonance imaging Study of Task Difficulty and Process Specificity", researchers found that pars triangularis (as well as some of its neighbors) increased its activity during semantic encoding, regardless of difficulty of the word being processed.  This is consistent with the theory that pars triangularis is involved in semantic processing more than phonological processing.  Furthermore, they found that these semantic encoding decisions resulted in less involvement of pars triangularis with repetition of the used words.  It may seem intuitive that practice would make the brain better at recognizing the words as they reappeared, but there is something else to be learned from this result, as well.  That pars triangularis activity went down with repetition also signifies the movement of the task of recognizing the word from the conscious to the passive.  This is called repetition priming, and it occurs independent of intention.  This idea, when paired with theories about pt's involvement in conscious retrieval of memory, serves to illustrate the complexity of the brain and its functions.  These results together imply the possibility that similar mechanics are required for encoding and retrieving information.  Another point of interest was that decreased pars triangularis activation with repetition did not occur with redundant presentation of nonsemantically processed words.

On Broca, brain, and binding: a new framework

A person is highly interconnected with other regions of the brain, especially those in the left frontal language network.  Though its function seems to be distinct from its neighbors, this high degree of connectivity supports the idea that language can be integrated into many of the seemingly unrelated thought processes we have.  This is not a difficult idea to imagine.  For instance, attempting to remember the name of a brand new acquaintance can be challenging, and it often demands the attention of the person doing the remembering.  In this example, a person is trying to comprehend sound as a part of language, place the word they just heard in the category "names", while associating it also as a tag for the face they just saw, simultaneously committing all of these pieces of data to memory.  In this view, it hardly seems far-fetched that the roles of pars triangularis in language processing, semantic comprehension, and conscious control of memory are unrelated.  In fact, it would be unlikely for pars triangularis not to have multiple roles in the brain, especially considering its high degree of connectivity, both within the left frontal language center, and to other regions.

Schizophrenia and Broca area

Schizophrenia is a poorly understood disease with complicated symptoms. In an effort to find a cause for this problem, these researchers looked at the brains of schizophrenic patients.  It had been shown previously that abnormal gyrification, asymmetry, complexity, and variability occur in patients with schizophrenia.  These investigators presented data showing that pt, specifically was highly distorted in schizophrenic patients compared with demographically matched normal subjects.  They asserted that Broca's area is an especially plastic region of the brain in that its morphology can change dramatically from childhood to adulthood.  This makes sense when considering the special ability of children to easily learn language, but it also means that the involvement of Broca's area is limited with respect to memory and recall; children do not seem to be unable to consciously search their memories.  Furthermore, investigators took volumetric measurements of the grey and white matter of the brains of their test subjects and compared those measurements to their normal control subjects.  They found that schizophrenic patients had dramatically reduced white matter.

As the brain develops, connectivity of different regions changes dramatically.  Researchers found that there is a discrepancy in the way white matter and grey matter develop in schizophrenic patients.  People with schizophrenia tend to have an absence of white matter expansion.

Heuristic and analytic reasoning

Transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the left BA45 facilitated incongruent reasoning performance and impaired congruent reasoning performance, suggesting that the left BA45 is a component of a belief-based heuristic system.  The right BA45 involvement in blocking the heuristic system is inferred from the blocking of the left homologue and resulting facilitation of logical-analytic reasoning performance.

Images

See also
 Brodmann area
 List of regions in the human brain

References

External links

45
Frontal lobe

Brodmann area 45


El  es un festival de música realizado en Japón enfocado a la escena Visual kei. Su primera versión se realizó el año 2009 durante dos días en el Makuhari Messe Hall donde participaron más de 50 bandas y como invitado especial Marilyn Manson. Su segunda versión se realizó el 23 de octubre de 2011 en el Saitama Super Arena.

V-Rock Festival '09
La primera versión del festival se realizó el 24 y 25 de octubre de 2009 en el Makuhari Messe Hall ubicado en la ciudad de Chiba, al este-sudeste de Tokio.

Artistas por fecha

24 de octubre
 Abingdon Boys School
 Alice Nine
 Ali Project
 Angelo
 アヲイ
 Bounty
 Breakerz
 D
 D'ERLANGER
 D'espairsRay
 Doremidan
 Irokui.
 jealkb
 Kra
 La'cryma Christi
 Marilyn Manson
 Megamasso
 Moi dix Mois
 Ninjaman Japan
 Penicillin
 Plastic Tree
 Sex Machineguns
 Sohodolls
 SuG
 Toon-Factory
 uBuGoe
 Velvet
 ViVid

25 de octubre
 &
 Aoi.
 Aural Vampire
 Ayabie
 Cascade
 DaizyStripper
 ダウト
 DuelJewel
 Exist † trace
 The Gazette
 Granrodeo
 Hangry&Angry
 heidi.
 Inoran
 Kagrra,
 LM.C
 Loveless
 Lovex
 lynch.
 Matenrou Opera
 Merry
 Negative
 -OZ-
 Sadie
 Screw
 Takamiy
 Anna Tsuchiya
 the Underneath
 【 Vani;lla】
 Versailles
 ヴィドール

V-Rock Festival '11
La segunda versión se realizó el 23 de octubre de 2011 en el Saitama Super Arena ubicado en la capital de la Prefectura de Saitama en Japón. Los primeros anuncios se venían haciendo desde mayo a través de la página oficial del evento, hasta que el 23 de mayo se reveló la fecha y el lugar donde se realizaría sin dar a conocer aun detalles de las bandas invitadas.

Artistas
 Administrator
 ALI PROJECT
 Black Veil Brides
 Born
 DaizyStripper
 Dead End
 DNR
 D=Out
 Eins:Vier
 girugamesh
 Golden Bomber
 Hero
 Kyary Pamyu Pamyu
 La' royque de zavy (cali≠gari)
 LM.C
 Lolita23q
 lynch.
 Matenrou Opera
 Michael Monroe
 Mix Speaker's, Inc.
 Mucc
 Piko
 Screw
 Sophia
 SuG
 Versailles
 vistlip
 ViViD
 YELLOW FRIED CHICKENz
 Jin-Machine
 Seremedy
 umbrella

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página web oficial

Visual kei
Festivales de rock de Japón

V-Rock Festival


In the branch of mathematics known as topology, the specialization (or canonical) preorder is a natural preorder on the set of the points of a topological space. For most spaces that are considered in practice, namely for all those that satisfy the T0 separation axiom, this preorder is even a partial order (called the specialization order). On the other hand, for T1 spaces the order becomes trivial and is of little interest.

The specialization order is often considered in applications in computer science, where T0 spaces occur in denotational semantics. The specialization order is also important for identifying suitable topologies on partially ordered sets, as is done in order theory.

Definition and motivation

Consider any topological space X. The specialization preorder ≤ on X relates two points of X when one lies in the closure of the other. However, various authors disagree on which 'direction' the order should go. What is agreed is that if

x is contained in cl{y},

(where cl{y} denotes the closure of the singleton set {y}, i.e. the intersection of all closed sets containing  {y}), we say that x is a specialization of y and that y is a generalization of x; this is commonly written y ⤳ x.

Unfortunately, the property "x is a specialization of y" is alternatively written as "x ≤ y" and as "y ≤ x" by various authors (see, respectively,  and ).

Both definitions have intuitive justifications: in the case of the former, we have

x ≤ y if and only if cl{x} ⊆ cl{y}.

However, in the case where our space X is the prime spectrum Spec R of a commutative ring R (which is the motivational situation in applications related to algebraic geometry), then under our second definition of the order, we have

y ≤ x if and only if y ⊆ x as prime ideals of the ring R.

For the sake of consistency, for the remainder of this article we will take the first definition, that "x is a specialization of y" be written as x ≤ y. We then see,

x ≤ y if and only if x is contained in all closed sets that contain y.
x ≤ y if and only if y is contained in all open sets that contain x.

These restatements help to explain why one speaks of a "specialization": y is more general than x, since it is contained in more open sets. This is particularly intuitive if one views closed sets as properties that a point x may or may not have. The more closed sets contain a point, the more properties the point has, and the more special it is. The usage is consistent with the classical logical notions of genus and species; and also with the traditional use of generic points in algebraic geometry, in which closed points are the most specific, while a generic point of a space is one contained in every nonempty open subset. Specialization as an idea is applied also in valuation theory.

The intuition of upper elements being more specific is typically found in domain theory, a branch of order theory that has ample applications in computer science.

Upper and lower sets

Let X be a topological space and let ≤ be the specialization preorder on X. Every open set is an upper set with respect to ≤ and every closed set is a lower set. The converses are not generally true. In fact, a topological space is an Alexandrov-discrete space if and only if every upper set is also open (or equivalently every lower set is also closed).

Let A be a subset of X. The smallest upper set containing A is denoted ↑A
and the smallest lower set containing A is denoted ↓A. In case A = {x} is a singleton one uses the notation ↑x and ↓x. For x ∈ X one has:

↑x = {y ∈ X : x ≤ y} = ∩{open sets containing x}.
↓x = {y ∈ X : y ≤ x} = ∩{closed sets containing x} = cl{x}.

The lower set ↓x is always closed; however, the upper set ↑x need not be open or closed. The closed points of a topological space X are precisely the minimal elements of X with respect to ≤.

Examples

 In the Sierpinski space {0,1} with open sets {∅, {1}, {0,1}} the specialization order is the natural one (0 ≤ 0, 0 ≤ 1, and 1 ≤ 1).
 If p, q are elements of Spec(R) (the spectrum of a commutative ring R) then p ≤ q if and only if q ⊆ p (as prime ideals). Thus the closed points of Spec(R) are precisely the maximal ideals.

Important properties

As suggested by the name, the specialization preorder is a preorder, i.e. it is reflexive and transitive.

The equivalence relation determined by the specialization preorder is just that of topological indistinguishability. That is, x and y are topologically indistinguishable if and only if  x ≤ y and  y ≤ x. Therefore, the antisymmetry of ≤ is precisely the T0 separation axiom: if x and y are indistinguishable then x = y. In this case it is justified to speak of the specialization order.

On the other hand, the symmetry of specialization preorder is equivalent to the R0 separation axiom: x ≤ y if and only if x and y are topologically indistinguishable. It follows that if the underlying topology is T1, then the specialization order is discrete, i.e. one has x ≤ y if and only if x = y. Hence, the specialization order is of little interest for T1 topologies, especially for all Hausdorff spaces.

Any continuous function  between two topological spaces is monotone with respect to the specialization preorders of these spaces:  implies   The converse, however, is not true in general. In the language of category theory, we then have a functor from the category of topological spaces to the category of preordered sets that assigns a topological space its specialization preorder. This functor has a left adjoint, which places the Alexandrov topology on a preordered set.

There are spaces that are more specific than T0 spaces for which this order is interesting: the sober spaces. Their relationship to the specialization order is more subtle:

For any sober space X with specialization order ≤, we have
 (X, ≤) is a directed complete partial order, i.e. every directed subset S of (X, ≤) has a supremum sup S,
 for every directed subset S of (X, ≤) and every open set O, if sup S is in O, then S and O have non-empty intersection.

One may describe the second property by saying that open sets are inaccessible by directed suprema. A topology is order consistent with respect to a certain order ≤ if it induces ≤ as its specialization order and it has the above property of inaccessibility with respect to (existing) suprema of directed sets in ≤.

Topologies on orders

The specialization order yields a tool to obtain a preorder from every topology. It is natural to ask for the converse too: Is every preorder obtained as a specialization preorder of some topology?

Indeed, the answer to this question is positive and there are in general many topologies on a set X that induce a given order ≤ as their specialization order. The Alexandroff topology of the order ≤ plays a special role: it is the finest topology that induces ≤. The other extreme, the coarsest topology that induces ≤, is the upper topology, the least topology within which all complements of sets ↓x (for some x in X) are open.

There are also interesting topologies in between these two extremes. The finest sober topology that is order consistent in the above sense for a given order ≤ is the Scott topology. The upper topology however is still the coarsest sober order-consistent topology. In fact, its open sets are even inaccessible by any suprema. Hence any sober space with specialization order ≤ is finer than the upper topology and coarser than the Scott topology. Yet, such a space may fail to exist, that is, there exist partial orders for which there is no sober order-consistent topology. Especially, the Scott topology is not necessarily sober.

References

 M.M. Bonsangue, Topological Duality in Semantics, volume 8 of Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 1998. Revised version of author's Ph.D. thesis. Available online, see especially Chapter 5, that explains the motivations from the viewpoint of denotational semantics in computer science. See also the author's homepage.

Order theory
Topology

Specialization (pre)order


Um tipi (também tepee e teepee) é uma tenda cônica, originalmente feita de peles de animais como o bisonte, e paus de madeira. O tipi era utilizado pelos povos indígenas nômades dos Estados Unidos das Grandes Planícies mas também têm sido construídos e habitados em outras partes geográficas, como é o caso dos Timucuas na Flórida. O tipi é durável, e durante o inverno proporciona abrigo e conforto, é fresco durante o verão, e seu interior permanece seco em caso de chuvas. As mulheres eram quem armavam e transladavam as moradias, escolhiam a localização e organizavam a disposição do povoado. Elas eram as proprietárias das tendas que estavam desenhadas cuidadosamente para poderem ser facilmente desmontadas e transladadas. Todo o povoado podia ser montado em uma hora. Esta transportabilidade era importante nas Grandes Planícies por causa de seu estilo nômade de vida.

Os indígenas dos Estados Unidos estão estereotipicamente unidos aos tipis, ainda que em outras áreas culturais do país, os indígenas costumavam construir suas moradias de um modo muito diferente.

Referências

Habitações

Tipi (habitação)


Hans Andreas Limi (født 26. september 1960 i Skien) er en norsk politiker (FrP). Han er medlem af Bærum kommunestyre siden 2011, leder i Akershus Fremskrittsparti siden 2012 og valgt ind i Stortinget fra Akershus siden 2013.

Limi har været medlem af Fremskrittspartiet siden 1979. Han var generalsekretær i Fremskrittspartiets Ungdom 1984–1986, kontorchef i Fremskrittspartiet 1986–1988 og derefter generalsekretær i partiet 1988–1994. Limi var medlem af Skien bystyre og formandskab 1984–1987. Han var medlem af Oslo bystyre fra 1988, men fik permission fra hvervet i 1989. Han overtog finansbyrådet i Oslo efter Sverre Frich jr. i april 1991 og sad året ud. Limi har også siddet i Kringkastingsrådet.

Efter eksamen ved Telemark Handelsgymnasium i 1979, studerede han bedriftsøkonomi ved Bedriftsøkonomisk Institut. Limi trak sig fra stillingen som generalsekretær i Fremskrittspartiet i maj 1994, og gik i stedet over i en stillingen som ejendomschef i Olav Thon-gruppen. Han har siden været udviklingsdirektør i Steen & Strøm AS, etableringsdirektør i ICA Norge AS og daglig leder i eget konsulentselskab.

Limi er siden 1984 gift med partikollega Vibeke Limi.

Stortingskomiteer
2013–2017 medlem i Finanskomiteen

Referencer

Stortingsrepræsentanter

Hans Andreas Limi


Grimizna jela (lat. Abies amabilis), vrsta drveta, jela iz porodice borovki. Rasprostranjena je po sjevernoameričkoj pacifičkoj obali od Aljaske do sjeverozapadne Kalifornije, gdje je poznata kao pacifička srebrna jela.

To je vazdazelena četinjača, fanerofit koji naraste od 30 do 45 metara visine, iznimno do 72 metra. Drvo joj je mekano pa se koristi za izradu papira i jeftinog građevnog drveta, i često kao ukrasna božična jelka.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Jela

Grimizna jela


Grammitidoideae, potporodica papratnjača, dio porodice Polypodiaceae. Saastoji se od 33 roda.

Ova vrste rasprostranjene su na višim nadmorskim visinama u Starom i Novom svijetu. Ova je skupina prethodno tretirana kao zasebna porodica, Grammitidaceae.

Rodovi

 Terpsichore A. R. Sm. (16 spp.)
 Parrisia Shalisko & Sundue (2 spp.)
 Adenophorus Gaudich (10 spp.)
 Lomaphlebia J. Sm. (2 spp.)
 Grammitis Sw. (30 spp.)
 Cochlidium Kaulf. (17 spp.)
 Leucotrichum Labiak (6 spp.)
 Alansmia M. Kessler, Moguel, Sundue & Labiak (24 spp.)
 Luisma Murillo & A. R. Sm. (1 sp.)
 Enterosora Baker (29 spp.)
 Ceradenia L. E. Bishop (76 spp.)
 Ascogrammitis Sundue (18 spp.)
 Mycopteris Sundue (18 spp.)
 Galactodenia Sundue & Labiak (5 spp.)
 Melpomene A. R. Sm. & R. C. Moran (30 spp.)
 Stenogrammitis Labiak (25 spp.)
 Lellingeria A. R. Sm. & R. C. Moran (52 spp.)
 Moranopteris R. Y. Hirai & J. Prado (32 spp.)
 Ctenopterella Parris (21 spp.)
 Grammitis sensu lato, part 1 (6 spp.)
 Chrysogrammitis Parris (2 spp.)
 Notogrammitis Parris (12 spp.)
 Grammitis sensu lato, part 2 (5 spp.)
 Archigrammitis Parris (7 spp.)
 Micropolypodium Hayata (3 spp.)
 Prosaptia C. Presl (70 spp.)
 Oreogrammitis Copel. (195 spp.)
 Dasygrammitis Parris (8 spp.)
 Scleroglossum Alderw. (10 spp.)
 Tomophyllum (E. Fourn.) Parris (37 spp.)
 Xiphopterella Parris (14 spp.)
 Calymmodon C. Presl (60 spp.)
 Acrosorus Copel. (9 spp.)

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Osladovke

Grammitidoideae


An Carex cenantha in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Andrey Evgenievich Kozhevnikov. An Carex cenantha in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex cenantha


AFC sjever je jedna od četiri divizije AFC konferencije u nacionalnoj ligi američkog nogometa NFL. Članovi divizije su Baltimore Ravensi, Cincinnati Bengalsi, Cleveland Brownsi i Pittsburgh Steelersi. Divizija postoji u trenutnom obliku od sezone 2002., kada je nakon ulaska u ligu Houston Texansa ukupan broj momčadi porastao na 32, koje su tada raspodijeljene na ukupno osam divizija po četiri momčadi, po četiri divizije u svakoj konferenciji.

Sjedišta momčadi divizije AFC istok su Owings Mills, Maryland (Baltimore Ravens), Cincinnati, Ohio (Cincinnati Bengals),  Cleveland, Ohio (Cleveland Browns) i Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh Steelers).

Pobjednici divizije AFC sjever od 2002. do 2020. godine

Izvori

National Football League

AFC sjever


La Moldavie participe aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022 à Pékin en Chine du 9 au . Il s'agit de sa huitième participation à des Jeux d'hiver.

Athlètes engagés

La délégation compte une équipe de biathlon et une lugeuse.

Résultats

Biathlon

En se basant sur les résultats individuels des coupes du monde de biathlon 2020-2021 et 2021-2022, le comité s'est vu attribuer deux quotas masculins et deux quotas féminins, sans pour autant pouvoir aligner une équipe en relais mixte.

Luge

Doina Descalui est la première femme moldave à participer à la course de luge aux Jeux Olympiques. Elle est entrainée par Bogdan Macovei, lugeur qui a connu trois olympiades.

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Moldavie aux Jeux de Pékin 2022 sur le site du CIO

Moldavie
2022
2022 en Moldavie

Moldavie aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022


Asociația națională Lithuanian Gay League (LGL) (Liga Lituaniană Gay) pentru drepturile persoanelor LGBT+ este singura organizație non-guvernamentală din Lituania care reprezintă exclusiv interesele comunității locale LGBT+. Asociația LGL este unul dintre cele mai stabile și mature organizații în sectorul civic în țară, fiind înființată în data de 3 decembrie 1993. Principiul de bază, care caracterizează activitățile asociației, este independența față de orice interese politice sau financiare, cu scopul de a obține includerea și integrarea socială a comunității locale LGBT+ din Lituania în mod efectiv. Bazată pe expertiza acumulată în decurs de 20 ani din existență a organizației în domeniul advocacy-ului, a creșterii gradului de conștientizare și a construirii comunității, LGL se luptă pentru un progres consistent în domeniul drepturilor omului pentru persoanele LGBT+.

În momentul de față, echipa LGL este formată din 5 membri ai consiliului de administrație, 7 membri ai personalului, 2 voluntari internaționali (participând în activitățile organizației în cadrul Serviciului European de Voluntariat) și mai mult de 20 de voluntari locali și internaționali. Echipa LGL este vibrantă, dinamică, energetică și întotdeauna deschisă la membri, idei și proiecte noi. Trebuie subliniat că nu doar membrii comunității LGBT+ participă în activitățile organizației.

Biroul asociației LGL este în Vilnius, str. Pylimo nr. 21. Acesta este locul în care echipa LGL implementează diferite proiecte, organizează întâlniri și invită în mod constant membrii comunității locale LGBT+ și susținătorii lor la diverse evenimente. Biroul LGL oferă spațiu și pentru singurul Centru LGBT+ din țară. Centrul LGBT+ găzduiește o bibliotecă în legătură cu activitățile organizației, oferă acces gratuit la internet și oamenii sunt mereu bineveniți să vină la o ceașcă de cafea sau ceai. Centrul LGBT+ este deschis pentru toți vizitatorii binevoitori care vor să afle mai mult despre activitățile organizației și despre situația drepturilor LGBT+ din Lituania.

Asociația LGL este o organizație membră al Forumului Național de Egalitate și Diversitate (NEDF) și al Coaliției pentru Drepturile Omului (HRC). LGL face parte și din cooperații internaționale în cadrul organizațiilor-umbrelă, precum ILGA(Asociația Internațională a Gay-lor și a Lesbienilor), IGLYO, EPOA (Asociația Organizatorilor Europeni de Pride) și TGEU(Rețeaua Europeană Transgender). Obiectivele strategice al LGL pot fi realizate numai prin poziționarea problemelor legate de drepturile LGBT+ în discursul general despre drepturile omului. Așadar, LGL susține diverse inițiative în mod activ la nivel național și internațional.

Activități
Activitățile principale ale organizației sunt: 1. supravegherea implementării obligațiilor internaționale acceptate voluntar de către Republica Lituaniei în legătură cu drepturile omului ale persoanelor LGBT+, 2. oprirea inițiativelor legislative homofobe, bifobe și transfobe, și promovarea adoptării legilor și politicilor care să se adreseze probemelor persoanelor LGBT+, 3. eliminarea discriminării instituționale față de persoanele LGBT+. Însă, egalitatea juridică formală nu se traduce automat în îmbunătățirea calității vieții. Deschiderea, sentimentul de apartenență comunitară și identificarea unor scopuri concrete reprezintă cheia succesului în împuternicirea persoanelor LGBT+ din Lituania.

LGL lucrează în mai multe domenii care influențează viețile persoanelor LGBT din Lituania. LGL incearcă să protejeze dreptul la libertatea de exprimare, în ciuda legii împotriva propagandei homosexuale, prin căi juridice, dezvoltarea campanilor pentru creșterea gradului de conștientizare și completarea discursului public cu informații pozitive în legătură cu persoanele LGBT. Dreptul la libertatea de asociere pașnică este exercitat prin organizarea evenimentelor la scală mare cu scopul creșterii gradului de conștientizare, precum evenimentul anual Rainbow Days și festivalul Baltic Pride (se desfășoară o dată la trei ani). Angajarea comunității este asigurată prin dezvoltarea segmentului voluntariatului în cadrul activităților organizației și prin organizarea de diferite conferințe, seminarii, workshop-uri și alte evenimente culturale pentru membrii comunității locale. Strategiile preventive împotriva infracțiunilor homofobe și transfobe inspirate de ură sunt aplicate prin monitorizarea și documentarea incidentelor săvârșite din ură, prin formarea poliției și prin creșterea gradului de conștientizare în comunitate cu scopul de a încuraja la raportarea infracțiunilor inspirate de ură. În final, avocatura este implementată prin prezentarea de raporturi paralele față de mecanismul internațional pentru protejarea drepturilor omului, prin publicarea buletinelor informative al organizației (mai mult de 6,000 de abonați internaționali) și prin participarea la activitățile rețelei regionale LGBT+.

Istoric
Puțin după restabilirea independenței, Lituania a decriminalizat relația sexuală consensuală între doi bărbați. Înaintea modificării codului penal în 1993, astfel de relații au fost pedepsite cu condamndare la închisoare cu mai mulți ani. Însă, în ciuda progresului, "homosexualii în Lituania trăiau încă în "underground", incapabili să fie ei înșiși, stigmatizați de către media că răspândesc SIDA", așa cum amintesc liderii mișcării naționale pentru drepturile LGBT+, Vladimir Simonko și Eduardas Platovas. Pentru a combate o astfel de discriminare, V. Simonko și E.Platovas au deschis clubul "Amsterdam" în Vilnius, în 1993, și au publicat ziarul "Amsterdam" în 1994. În aprilie 1994, cei doi au organizat prima conferință est-europeană ILGA în orașul lituanian Palanga. Acest eveniment a avut o significație majoră fiind prima conferință de acest gen găzduit într-o țară fost sovietică. În 1995, Simonko și Platovas au înființat oficial Liga Lituaniană Gay . De atunci, LGL este singura organizație din țară care luptă exclusiv pentru promovarea drepturilor LGBT+.

Note

Legături externe
 Official Lithuanian Gay League website (EN)
 National Equality and Diversity Forum
Organizații LGBT

Lithuanian Gay League


Os Voluntários da Fé (, literalmente 'guerreiros da jiade') era uma instituição militar do Reino Nacérida de Granada, composta por soldados recrutados de zenetas berberes que foram exilados do Império Merínida do Magrebe Ocidental (atual Marrocos), para defender o reino contra os reinos cristãos da Península Ibérica.

Muitos deles se voluntariaram porque viam a defesa dos muçulmanos como seu dever religioso. Embora os voluntários norte-africanos apareçam na Península Ibérica já no  sob o termo guzate, o recrutamento foi expandido durante os últimos anos de  , e foram institucionalizados e expandidos por seu filho  . Com o tempo, os voluntários eclipsaram as tropas indígenas de Granada e se tornaram sua principal força militar, chegando a  no final do governo de Maomé II. Seu líder, o xeique alguzate, ocupava uma posição influente na política do reino, assim como comandantes regionais dos guzates nomeados nas principais cidades como Guadix, Ronda e Málaga.

História e função

Os Voluntários nacéridas têm sua origem na relação complexa entre o Reino Nacérida e o Império Merínida que governou o Norte da África de Fez: muitos estavam insatisfeitos ou eram facções rebeldes merínidas, muitas vezes lideradas por um membro dissidente da dinastia reinante, que buscou refúgio em Granada após sua derrota. Embora a estrutura do exército nacérida ainda não esteja clara, é provável que cada grupo de Voluntários mantivesse sua identidade e liderança separada, continuando a servir sob o mesmo príncipe e sua família que os trouxe do Norte da África. A sede principal dos Voluntários estava localizada em Fuengirola.

Para os sultões merínidas, esta foi uma válvula de escape útil, livrando-os de elementos potencialmente problemáticos e rivais pelo trono, mas também permitindo que o regime merínida continuasse a se retratar como um defensor dos muçulmanos do Alandalus e continuador das tradições da jiade de seus predecessores almóada e almorávida. Para os próprios voluntários, e especialmente seus líderes, o serviço nacérida representou um refúgio seguro, especialmente dada a disposição dos sultões de lhes conceder uma autonomia considerável e uma chance de reunir forças e fazer contatos para renovar suas tentativas de derrubar o sultão em Fez. Finalmente, os sultões nacéridas se beneficiaram consideravelmente da infusão de força militar, mas também usaram a presença das facções merínidas rivais e a ameaça de permitir que retornassem ao norte da África para exercer pressão sobre os sultões em Fez.

Como os Voluntários rapidamente se tornaram grandes corretores de poder no Reino Nacérida, o xeique alguzate frequentemente se tornava um fazedor de reis. Como resultado,  (r. 1354-1359, 1362-1391) suprimiu o cargo durante seu segundo reinado, em algum momento entre 1369 e 1374. A partir desse ponto, os Voluntários estavam sob o comando direto do sultão, e perderam sua autonomia anterior e poder político.

Etimologia

O nome árabe al-ghuzat al-mujahidin significa "guerreiros da jiade". O nome "Voluntários da Fé" origina-se da frase usada na tradução francesa do  do Barão de Slane do Kitāb al-ʿibar de ibne Caldune que discute este grupo militar. A frase é usada por historiadores até os tempos modernos.

Notas

Bibliografia

Reino Nacérida
Império Merínida

Voluntários da Fé


201308 Hansgrade este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
201308 Hansgrade este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Trebur de Mike Kretlow. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,10 ua, o excentricitate de 0,13 și o înclinație de 2,1° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 201001-202000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2002
Centura de asteroizi

201308 Hansgrade


Lâle Devri, (Osmanlı Türkçesi: لاله دورى) Osmanlı Devleti'nde, 1718 yılında Avusturya ile imzalanan Pasarofça Antlaşması ile başlayıp, 1730 yılındaki Patrona Halil İsyanı ile sona eren dönemdir. Bu dönemin padişahı III. Ahmet, sadrazamı Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Paşa'dır.

İsimlendirme
Lale Devri, "zevk ve sefâ" devri olarak bilinir. Adını, O dönemde İstanbul'da yetiştirilen ve zamanla ünü dünyaya yayılan lale çiçeklerinden alması, çok sonradan olmuştur. Bu dönem Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun hiçbir devrinde Lale Devri olarak anılmamıştır. Yahya Kemal; samimi arkadaşı Ahmet Refik Altınay ile bir sohbeti sırasında, III. Ahmed'in Vezir-i Azamı Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Paşa ile beraber 1718-1730 yılları arasında yaptıkları, Osmanlı İmparatorluğundaki yaşam biçimini değiştirme etkinliklerini Lale Devri olarak tanımlar. Ahmet Refik de bu dönemi anlatan kitabına "Lale Devri" (istanbul 1331/1913 Muhtar Halit Kitabhanesi) ismini verir ve bir süre sonra bu dönem Lale Devri olarak anılmaya başlar

Döneme ait eserler
Sultan III. Ahmet, sadrazam Damat İbrahim Paşa ile uyum içerisinde çalışmış ve bu sırada yaşanan Lâle Devri'nde sanat ve toplumsal hayata özgün bir anlayış getirmiştir. Sultan III. Ahmet, Topkapı Sarayı ile Yeni Câmii'de birer kütüphane, Ayasofya'da Bâb-ı Humâyun'un karşısında Türk sanat şaheserlerinden sayılan Sultan III. Ahmet Çeşmesi ve İstanbul'un su ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla da "Deryayi Sim" adlı bir su bendi inşa ettirmiştir. Bunlardan başka Üsküdar Yeni Vâlide Câmii, Çorlulu Ali Paşa Medresesi, Damat İbrahim Paşa Camii ve Külliyesi, İstanbul'da Yeni Postane arkasında Daarül Hadis ve Sebil, Ortaköy Camii önündeki çeşme, Üsküdar Şemsi Paşa'da Hüsrev Ağa Camii önündeki çeşme ve Çubuklu Camii yanındaki Mesire Çeşmesi gibi eserler de yine bu dönemde yapılmıştır.

Dönemin belki de en gözde eseri olan Sâdâbâd Kasrı günümüze kadar gelememiş, bize yıkıntıdan fazla bir şey kalmamıştır.

Yenilikler
 Paris, Londra ve Viyana gibi Avrupa başkentlerine geçici elçilik heyetleri yollanmış, böylelikle Avrupa'yı daha yakından tanıma imkânı sağlanmıştır.
 Said Efendi ve İbrahim Müteferrika Avrupa'dan matbaayı getirmişlerdir.
 İlk kez çiçek hastalığına karşı aşı uygulanmıştır.
 İstanbul'daki yangınları önlemek için yeniçerilerden Tulumbacılar adı verilen bir itfaiye ocağı kurulmuştur.
 Çini atölyeleri açılmıştır.
 Kağıt fabrikası açılmıştır.
 Lale Devri'nde sanat alanında görülen en önemli kişi Levnî'dir. Asıl adı Abdülcelil Çelebi olan Levnî döneminin en büyük nakkaşıdır.
 Lale Devri'nde, Türk tarihinde bir ilk olarak İbrahim Müteferrika önderliğinde Çeviri Konseyi açılmıştır. Türk tarihinde çeviri çalışmalarındaki ilk enstitüleşme olarak bu konsey görülür.

Lâle Devrinde sanat
Nedim, Lâle Devri İstanbul'unun tasvirini aşağıdaki mısralarla yapmıştır:

Dönemin sonu

Halkın büyük bir kısmı zor durumdayken İstanbul'da bazı devlet büyüklerinin rahat bir yaşam sürdürmeleri, eğlenceye düşkünlükleri huzursuzluklara sebep oluyordu. İran savaşı sırasında Sultân'ın, kaleleri para karşılığı sattığı söylentisi üzerine, halktan Sultân'ın sefere çıkması isteği gelmişti. III. Ahmet, göstermelik bir sefer alayı düzenledi. Akşam olunca kayıklarla saraya geri döndü. Bu durumun anlaşılması bardağı taşıran son damla oldu. İsyanın lideri Arnavut asıllı bir yeniçeri olan Patrona Halil aynı zamanda Beyazıt Hamamı'nda tellaklık yapıyordu. Asilerin isteği üzerine Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Paşa idam edilerek cesedi isyancılara teslim edildi. Padişah III. Ahmed tahttan indirildi ve yerine I. Mahmud getirildi.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Lale çılgınlığı
 Osmanlı Devleti Tarihi Zaman Çizelgesi

Kaynakça

III. Ahmed

Lâle Devri


Bernardo de Palacios fue un cronista español de principios del , nacido en Burgos.

Ingresó muy joven en la orden de la Merced, de la que fue presentado y escribió una Historia de la ciudad de Burgos, de sus familias y de su santa iglesia.

Referencias

Cronistas de España
Nacidos en Burgos

Bernardo de Palacios


Assyrian International News Agency, kratica AINA, na hrvatskom "Asirska međunarodna novinska agencija". Ova novinska agencija je privatno financirana i neovisna novinska agencija i pronosi vijesti i raščlanbe o i u svezi s Asircima. Osnovali su ju Peter BetBasoo i Firas Jatou 1995. godine.

Izvori

Novinske agencije
Asirci

Assyrian International News Agency


Amati Kraslice est un fabricant d'instruments à vent et de percussion, de pièces détachées et d'accessoires.  Situé en République tchèque, leurs produits comprennent des clarinettes, flûtes, bassons et contrebassons , saxophones, trompettes, cornets, bugles, saxhorns alto et baryton, mellophones, euphoniums, trombones, tubas, cors et clairons. Le siège de la manufacture est à Kraslice.

L'investisseur britannique Geneva Instruments annonce en 2016 qu'il était devenu le nouveau propriétaire de la société tchèque d'instruments de musique Amati-Denak.

En 2021, en raison de l'approche non rentable de ce  propriétaire, Amati-Denak s'est retrouvée au bord de la faillite et un nouveau propriétaire l'a transformé en coopérative.

Histoire

Avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Kraslice (alors nommée  ) était une ville majoritairement germanophone, qui était néanmoins sous contrôle tchécoslovaque, avec le reste des Sudètes, depuis le Traité de Saint-Germain de 1919.
Kraslice abritait 59 fabricants d'instruments de musique avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, parmi lesquels Hüller & Co, Bohland & Fuchs, A.K. Hüttl et Julius Keilwerth. Pendant la guerre, une grande partie de la capacité de fabrication a été convertie à l'usage de guerre, et d'autres ont dû arrêter la production.

Après la guerre, le gouvernement nouvellement restauré du Président Edvard Beneš vise à faire de l'État tchécoslovaque un État entièrement slave et entreprend une expulsion à grande échelle des Allemands de souche. La plupart de la population germanophone de Graslitz est expulsée vers l'Allemagne, et la ville a été rebaptisée Kraslice. Certains des fabricants d'instruments expulsés poursuivront leurs activités dans d'autres endroits, comme le Musikwinkel d'Allemagne.

Pendant ce temps, les fabricants d'instruments de musique restants à Kraslice (désormais majoritairement d'origine tchèque) se sont organisés en une coopérative de fabricants d'instruments de musique. La coopérative créée en septembre 1945 a été nommée Amati, d'après la célèbre famille de luthiers italiens Amati. En 1948, elle a été nationalisée par le régime communiste nouvellement élu, à l'instar de tous les autres secteurs manufacturiers et agricoles.

Amati a été privatisée en 1993 et est maintenant l'un des plus grands fabricants d'instruments en Europe. Le nom de l'entreprise est complété par l'acronyme Denak (Dechové nástroje Kraslice = instruments à vent Kraslice).
L'entreprise possède les marques Amati, Stowasser et , qui étaient elles-mêmes des entreprises indépendantes. Amati compte actuellement environ 200 employés. L'usine principale de la société est située à Kraslice, dans l'ouest de la République tchèque. La deuxième usine est située à Hradec Králové. Amati propose des visites guidées au cours desquelles les visiteurs peuvent voir comment les instruments sont fabriqués, des premières étapes à la fin .

Jusqu'en 2021, l'entreprise était majoritairement détenue par la société britannique Geneva BrassWind, le reste appartenant à l'entrepreneur Jiří Štípek. En 2019, l'entreprise a réalisé un chiffre d'affaires équivalent à 4 millions d'euros.
À l'automne 2019, Amati Denak a déposé son bilan. Elle était alors endettée à hauteur de l'équivalent de 7,3 millions d'euros. Au printemps 2020, la procédure d'insolvabilité a été ouverte et le site de production de Hradec Králové a été fermé.

En 2021, l'entreprise a été reprise, après une vente aux enchères publique, par l'entrepreneur Roman Staněk et sa société RIQ Investments pour l'équivalent d'un million d'euros. La valeur de l'entreprise avait été estimée à un niveau bien plus élevé. Staněk a investi plus de 100 millions de couronnes dans l'entreprise et l'a transformée en coopérative sous le nom d'Amati Kraslice. Alors que l'entreprise comptait environ 1800 employés dans les années 1980, ils étaient une soixantaine après le rachat par Staněk et une bonne centaine au milieu de l'année 2023.

En 1994, le président tchèque Václav Havel offre à son homologue américain, Bill Clinton, un saxophone ténor Amati sur lequel ce dernier a joué au Reduta, un club de jazz de Prague.

Instruments de musique
Amati-Denak fabrique des instruments de musique à vent, des étuis, des supports et autres accessoires.

Amati fabrique des clarinettes avec les systèmes de clétage Oehler et Boehm dans divers modèles de la petite clarinette en mi bémol à la clarinette basse en si bémol descendant à lut grave.

Distribution
Amati Kraslice distribue ses produits sur les continents européen, américain, asiatique, africain et australien.

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Site web de la marque V. F. Červený & Synové

Entreprise de facture d'instruments à vent
Entreprise de facture instrumentale ayant son siège en Tchéquie
Entreprise fondée en 1945
Facteur de clarinettes

Amati Kraslice


Latin abecesindeki "Z"'ye eşdeğer Kiril Abecesi harfi. (З : Büyük Harf. з : Küçük Harf)

Örneğin;

Rusça :

Зимбабве : Zimbabve (Zimbabve : tr)

звезда : zvezda (Yıldız : tr)

здравствулте : zdravstvulte

З

З


(12399) Bartolini es un asteroide perteneciente al cinturón de asteroides descubierto por Luciano Tesi y Andrea Boattini desde el Observatorio Astronómico de las Montañas de Pistoia, en San Marcello Pistoiese, Italia, el 19 de julio de 1995.

Designación y nombre
Bartolini recibió al principio la designación de .
Posteriormente, en 2000, se nombró en honor del astrofísico italiano Corrado Bartolini.

Características orbitales
Bartolini orbita a una distancia media del Sol de 2,295 ua, pudiendo alejarse hasta 2,416 ua y acercarse hasta 2,175 ua. Su excentricidad es 0,05253 y la inclinación orbital 1,288 grados. Emplea 1270 días en completar una órbita alrededor del Sol. El movimiento de Bartolini sobre el fondo estelar es de 0,2834 grados por día.

Características físicas
La magnitud absoluta de Bartolini es 15.

Véase también
 Lista de asteroides del (12301) al (12400)
 Cuerpo menor del sistema solar

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Asteroides del cinturón principal
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos por Luciano Tesi
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos por Andrea Boattini
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos desde el Observatorio Astronómico de las Montañas de Pistoia
Objetos astronómicos descubiertos en 1995
Wikiproyecto:Asteroides/Artículos de asteroides

(12399) Bartolini


එහි බොහෝ අසල්වැසියන්ගේ කාන්තා අයිතිවාසිකම් හා සැලකීමේදී සවුදි අරාබියෙහි කාන්තා අයිතිවාසිකම් සීමිත වෙයි.

සවුදි අරාබියාවෙහි කාන්තා අයිතිවාසිකම්


Vinylacetat er en organisk forbindelse med den kemiske formel CH3C(O)OCHCH2. Det er esteren af vinylalkohol og eddikesyre. Ved standardbetingelser er vinylacetat en farveløs væske med en stikkende lugt. Det anvendes som monomer i produktionen af polyvinylacetat, som er en vigtig industriel polymer.

Eddikesyreestere
Monomerer

Vinylacetat


Keisuke Minegishi (født 12. september 1991) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Azul Claro Numazu.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Keisuke Minegishi


172315 Changqiaoxiaoxue este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
172315 Changqiaoxiaoxue este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul Palomar în cadrul programului NEAT. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,73 ua, o excentricitate de 0,07 și o înclinație de 15,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 172001-173000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2002
Centura de asteroizi

172315 Changqiaoxiaoxue


Wikiloc é um site premium, lançado em 2006, contendo trilhas de GPS e waypoints que os membros enviaram. Este mashup mostra as rotas em quadros mostrando o Google Maps (com a possibilidade de mostrar as camadas do World Relief Map (maps-for-free.com), OpenStreetMap, o OpenCycleMap relacionado, USGS Imagery Topo Base Map e USGS Topo Base Map). O serviço também está disponível no Google Earth. Existem aplicativos móveis para Android e iPhone. O produto tem mais de 4,5 milhões de membros, é oferecido em vários idiomas e tem mais de 11,6 milhões de pistas de dezenas de atividades (caminhadas, ciclismo, vela, cavalgadas, condução, parapente, etc.) em) em muitos países e territórios. Wikiloc começou como uma referência online mundial para caminhadas. Além disso, fotografias no Wikiloc permitiram a análise de conteúdo automatizada para caracterizar a paisagem no Parque Natural do Delta do Ebro, Espanha.

O Wikiloc não paga seus contribuidores. Ele cobra dos usuários o download de trilhas e waypoints do site. Também proíbe downloads em massa ou re-hospedagem dos dados.

Tecnologia
Wikiloc roda em Linux, com um gerenciador de banco de dados PostgreSQL com PostGIS para suporte geográfico, software Apache, Hibernate, GEOS, GDAL, PROJ.4, e com algum Python para pré-processamento e manutenção.

Prêmios
Wikiloc ganhou os seguintes prêmios:

 Vencedor do Changemakers / National Geographic 2009 Geotourism Challenge
 Vencedor do concurso de mashup do Google Maps em 2006
 Vencedor do prêmio Iniciativa/Empresa da Sociedade Geográfica Espanhola em 2013

Referências

Ligações externas

 Wikiloc, how a hobby grows into a Google darling (The Next Web, 1 September 2008)
 How to create your routes Wikiloc (Camera Battery Blog, via Internet Archive)
 GPS community sites: Wikiloc, EveryTrail (Ogle Earth, November 30, 2006)
 Wikiloc - free web site to discover, post and share GPS data (GPS Information.net Forum, November 9, 2006)
 Jordi Ramot, fundador de Wikiloc: "Las comunidades de viajeros serán cada vez más influyentes en cómo viajamos" (Ideal, 14 February 2010 -in Spanish-)
 Entrevista a Jordi L. Ramot, creador de Wikiloc (Aire Libre y Tecnología, 20 July 2008 -in Spanish-)

Wikis
Software de planejamento de rotas móveis
Programas para iOS
Google Maps
GPS
Crowdsourcing
Programas para Android
Mapeamento colaborativo

Wikiloc


Enrique García Álvarez (Sama de Langreo, 1896-Valencia, 24 de enero de 1971) fue un actor español.

Biografía y carrera
Enrique García Álvarez nació en la parroquia asturiana de Sama de Langreo en 1896, siendo hijo de José Álvarez Fernández y Generosa García González.

Comenzó su carrera artística en 1922. En 1938, cercano el final de la Guerra Civil Española, huyó a Francia, hacia París, donde le socorrió la solidaridad masónica de Maurice Chevalier, con la que pudo alcanzar México, donde se estableció. Vivió exiliado en México hasta su retorno a su pueblo natal.

Debutó en el cine en México en 1940. En su etapa mexicana trabajó con Mario Moreno Cantinflas y Luis Buñuel. Fundó la revista La Voz del Actor y recibió el premio Diosa de Plata (de Periodistas Cinematográficos de México, Pecime) por su papel en El ángel exterminador de Luis Buñuel.

Vida personal y muerte
Estuvo casado con Carmen Collado y murió de un infarto de miocardio sufrido el 24 de enero de 1971 en Valencia, ciudad natal de su mujer, donde ella se estaba recuperando de una operación ocular.

Filmografía selecta
 Jesús de Nazareth (1942)
 El padre Morelos (1943)
 El mártir del calvario (1952)
 El ángel exterminador (1962)
 Días de otoño (1963)
 Hasta el viento tiene miedo (1968)
 Simón del desierto (1969)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en el concejo de Langreo
Fallecidos en Valencia
Actores de Asturias
Fallecidos por infarto agudo de miocardio
Actores de cine de México
Actores de la Época de oro del cine mexicano
Exiliados del franquismo en México

Enrique García Álvarez (actor)


ඔන් ද ඔරිජින් ඔෆ් ස්පීෂීස් (අර්ථය: "ජීවි විශේෂයන්ගේ සම්භවය පිළිබඳ") යනු 1859 නොවැම්බර් 24 වැනිදා පළ වූ, චාල්ස් ඩාවින් විසින් රචිත විද්‍යාත්මක කෘතියකි. මෙහි සම්පූර්ණ නම ඔන් ද ඔරිජින් ඔෆ් ස්පීෂීස් බයි මීන්ස් ඔෆ් නැචුරල් සිලෙක්ෂන්, ඕ ද ප්‍රිසවේෂන් ඔෆ් ෆේවර්ඩ් රේසස් ඉන් ද ස්ට්‍රග්ල් ෆෝ ලයිෆ් වන අතර මෙය පරිණාමික ජීව විද්‍යාවේ මූලිකම පදනම ලෙස සැළකේ. ඩාවින් සිය කෘතිය හරහා ජීවී ගහනයන් ස්වභාවික වරණය නම් ක්‍රියාවලියක් හරහා පරම්පරා ගණනාවක් තිස්සේ පරිණාමය වන බවට විද්‍යාත්මක න්‍යායක් ඉදිරිපත් කළේය. ජෛවවිවිධත්වය ඇතිවූයේ ගසක අතු බෙදී යන ආකාරයට සිදු වූ පරිණාමය නිසා බවත් සෑම ජීවියෙකුටම පොදු සම්භවයක් ඇති බවටත් මෙම ග්‍රන්ථය මගින් සාක්ෂි සපයන ලදී. තවද, ඩාවින් 1830 දශකයේ බීගල් ගවේශනයේදී සොයාගත් සාක්ෂි සහ ඉන් පසුව ඔහු සිදු කළ පර්‍යේෂණ සහ අත් හදා බැලීම් වලින් කළ සොයාගැනීම් ද සිය ග්‍රන්ථයෙහි ඇතුලත් කළේය.

ඔන් ද ඔරිජින් ඔෆ් ස්පීෂීස්


Garrison Dam is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Missouri River in central North Dakota, U.S.
Constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers from 1947 to 1953, at over  in length, the dam is the fifth-largest earthen dam in the world. The reservoir impounded by the dam is Lake Sakakawea, which extends to Williston and the confluence with the Yellowstone River, near the Montana border.

Location
Garrison Dam is located between Riverdale and Pick City, and named after the town of Garrison, directly north of the dam, across the reservoir. The dam is approximately midway between Bismarck and Minot, about  west of U.S. Highway 83.

History

The dam was part of a flood control and hydroelectric power generation project named the Pick-Sloan Project along the river, after the two plan developers, Col. Lewis A. Pick and William Glenn Sloan. Local communities in the area had resisted having the dam built at other locations on the river where they would be affected.

In order to construct the dam, the US government needed to purchase  of bottomlands in the Fort Berthold Reservation that would be flooded by the creation of Lake Sakakawea. These lands were owned by the Three Affiliated Tribes, and the territory "had been their home for perhaps more than a millennium".

Threatened by confiscation under eminent domain, the tribes protested. A complete block of Garrison Dam power was denied because it would violate the 1935 Rural Electrification Act. The tribes gained remuneration, but lost 94% of their agricultural land in 1947, when they were forced to accept $5,105,625. This amount was increased to $7.5 million in 1949, but it did not fully compensate them for the loss of their important farmlands, homes, towns, and graves. They had cultivated the bottomlands and were able to be largely self-sufficient.

The final settlement legislation denied the tribes' right to use the reservoir shoreline for traditional grazing, hunting, fishing or other purposes, including irrigation development and royalty rights on all subsurface minerals within the reservoir area. About 1,700 residents were forcibly relocated, some to New Town, North Dakota at the northern end of the reservation.

Thus construction of Garrison Dam almost totally destroyed the traditional way of life for the Three Affiliated Tribes and made them much more dependent on the federal government. In addition, the size the lake, and the lack of bridges to cross it for decades, disrupted traditional relations among the peoples. It created new divisions among the segments on the reservation Construction on the $300-million dam project began in 1947, and its embankment was enclosed in April 1953. The dam was dedicated by President Eisenhower two months later. The Corps of Engineers completed earthwork in the fall of 1954.

Garrison Dam is one of six Missouri River Main stem dams operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District. The dam upstream of Garrison Dam is Fort Peck Dam (near Fort Peck, Montana). The dams downstream of Garrison Dam are: Oahe Dam (near Pierre, South Dakota), Big Bend Dam (near Fort Thompson, South Dakota), Fort Randall Dam (near Pickstown, South Dakota), and Gavins Point Dam (near Yankton, South Dakota). These six mainstem dams impound these Missouri River reservoirs with a total combined water storage capacity of approximately  and approximately  of water surface area.

In June 2011, in response to the 2011 Missouri River Floods, the dam was releasing more than  , which greatly exceeded its previous record release of  set in 1997. The first use of the emergency spillway due to flooding started on June 1, 2011, at 8:00am.

Energy generation
Hydropower turbines at Garrison Dam have an electric power generating nameplate capacity of 583.3 MW. Average production of 257 MW serves several hundred thousand customers.

Fishing
The Garrison Dam National Fish Hatchery is the world's largest walleye and northern pike producing facility and also works to restore endangered species, such as the pallid sturgeon.

See also
Lake Sakakawea
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Riverdale, North Dakota
Lake Audubon
List of dams and reservoirs in North Dakota

References

External links

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - Garrison Project
North Dakota State Historical Societyl - Finding Aid - The Garrison Dam and Lake Sakakawea
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service  - Garrison Dam National Fish Hatchery
Historic American Engineering Record documentation, all filed under Riverdale, McLean County, ND:

Dams in North Dakota
Buildings and structures in McLean County, North Dakota
Buildings and structures in Mercer County, North Dakota
Dams on the Missouri River
Earth-filled dams
Historic American Engineering Record in North Dakota
United States Army Corps of Engineers dams
Dams completed in 1953
Forcibly depopulated communities in the United States
Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation

Garrison Dam


Minte-mă frumos în Centrul Vechi este un film românesc din 2016 regizat de Iura Luncașu. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Pavel Ulici, Nicoleta Hâncu, Marius Damian.

Prezentare

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2016 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 2016
Filme regizate de Iura Luncașu
Filme de comedie românești

Minte-mă frumos în Centrul Vechi


Heyrði ég í hamrinum (eða Heyrða ég í hamarinn) er gömul íslensk þula sem komst snemma á blað miðað við aðrar þulur. Elsta uppskriftin að þulunni má finna í pappírshandriti sem skrifað var á árunum 1777 til 1778 (Lbs. 852 4to II, bls. 93). Þulan er fræg einkum fyrir það að ættartölu Óðins, frægasta guðs í norrænni goðafræði, hefur verið bætt aftan við hana.

Íslensk þjóðlög hafa varðveist við þessa þulu og eru þær laglínur m.a. varðveittar inná vefslóð Ísmús.

Þulur

Heyrði ég í hamrinum


Putresceina sau tetrametilendiamina este o diamină cu un miros foarte neplăcut, ce are formula chimică NH2(CH2)4NH2 (1,4-diaminobutan sau butandiamină). Se obține prin descompunerea aminoacizilor (în special ornitină) atât în organismele vii (în cantități mici), cât și în cadavre. Împreună cu cadaverina, este responsabilă pentru mirosul specific materiilor aflate în procesul de putrefacție, dar contribuie și la alte mirosuri patologice.

Obținere biochimică

Vezi și
 Cadaverină
 Trimetilamină

Referințe

Diamine

Putresceină


Cinepak, Radius Inc tarafından geliştirilen bir görüntü çözücüdür, 1x (150 kilobayt/saniye) CD-ROM hızı oranında çalışabilmek için üretilmiştir.

QuickTime'ın ve Microsoft Video for Windows'un eski sürümlerinin ilk çözücüsüydü, fakat daha sonra yerini Sorenson Video, Intel Indeo, ve en çok da MPEG-4 biçimine kaptırdı. Yine de Cinepak ile kodlanmış filmler birçok çalıcı tarafından hala destekleniyor.

Cinepak temeli vektör miktarı ölçmeye (ing. vector quantization) dayanır, genellikle yavaş işlemciye sahip bilgisayarda kullanılır.

Görüntü çözücüler

Cinepak


ඡායාරෑපකරණය අභ්‍යන්තරය

රෑපයක්

නාභිය දුර ඡයාරූපකරණයේ සංයුතියට බලපාන අයුරු නාභිය දුර වෙනස් කරමින් ප්‍රධාන වස්තුවේ සිට කැමරාවට ඇති දුර වනෙස් කිරමෙන් ප්‍රධාන වස්තුවක එම ප්‍රමාණයේම තබාගෙන අනෙක් වස්තුවේ විවිධ ප්‍රමාණය ලබාගත හැක.

ඡයාරූප කාචයක් අනනතයට යාමු කළ විට එහි පසුපස නිශ්පන්ද ලක්ෂ්‍යය නාභීය තෂ්යේදී සේයා පඨලයන් වෙනස් වේ. කැමරාවෙන් ඉතා ඇත පිහිටන වස්තු තියුණු ප්‍රතිබිම්බ කිරය මත සාදයි. ඇතැම් විට ඡයාරෑප ශිල්පීන් ප්‍රතිබිම්බ තලප නාභීය තලප ලෙසද හදුන්වයි. වස්තුව අන්තයේ ඇතිවට මේවා සමපාත වේත නමුත් කුඩා වස්තු දුරවල් සදහා නාභිය තලය ස්ථායි වේ. දුර ඇති වස්තුවක ප්‍රතිබිම්බයේ විශාලනය කාචයේ නාභීයු දර මගින් තීරණය කෙරේ.

කාචයේ නාභිය දුර  , ඉදිරිපස නිශ්පන්ධ ලක්ෂ්‍යයේ සිට වස්තුවට දුර  , පසුපස නිශ්පන්ද ලක්ෂ්‍යයේ සිට ප්‍රතිබ්මබයට දුර  ද නම් ,

 අඩුවන විට  ද වැඩි විය යුතුයත උදාහරණයක් ලෙස නාභිදුර 50mm වු සාමාන්‍ය 35mm කැමරාවක් සලකමු අන්තයේ අති වස්තුවක් නාභිගත කිරීම සදහා පසුපස නිශ්පන්ධ ලක්ෂ්‍ය   = 50mm ස්ථානගත කල යුතුය. නමුත් එක මීටරයක් අැතින් ඇති වස්තුවක් නාභිගත කිරීම සදහා කාචය 2.6 mm ක් ප්‍රතිබිම්භ තලයෙන් ඉවතට ගෙන යායුතු වේ. මේ අනුව   = 52.6mm නාභිය දුර සාමාන්‍යයෙන් මිලිමීටර් වලින් සටහන් කරන අතර ඇතැම් පැරණි කැමරා වල වමය සෙන්ටිමිටර් හෝ අගල් වලින්ද දක්නට ලැබේ. කැමරාව හසුකරගත හැකි පරාසය නාභිය දුරත් සේයා පඨලයේ ප්‍රමාණයත් අතර අනුපාතය මත රදා පවතී.

කාචයේ දුර සේයා පඨලයේ හෝ සංවේදකයේ විකර්ශනයේ සදිගට සාමානනම් එය සාමාන්‍ය කාචයක් ලෙස හදුන්වනු ලැබේ. මෙවැනි කාදයක දැකිය හැකි කෝණය 530 ක් පමණ වන අතර මෙවැනි කාචයක නාභිය දුර 50mm පමණ වේ. මීට වඩා දිගු නාභි දුරක් ඇති කාදච ටෙලිෆෝටෝ කාච ලෙස හැදින්වෙන අතර මේවායේ නාභි දුර 85 mm පමණ වේ

35 mm සව්මනයේ ප්‍රසිද්ධ හේතුකොට ගෙන සමාන්‍යයෙන් කැමරා කාච පද්ධතියක වාභිය දුර 35 mm අවක නාභිය දුරට සාපේෂ්ව ප්‍රකාශ කරනු ලබයි. 35 mmසමක නාභිය දුර භාවිතය සංඛ්‍යාංක කැමරාවටද පොදු කරැණකි.

ඡායාරූපකරණය

ඡායාරූපකරණය අභ්‍යන්තර


Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, popularno poznat i samo po inicijalima KK (rođen 17. prosinca 1948. u Ballıci, Tunceli) je turski ekonomist, službenik i socijaldemokratski političar. Od 2010. godine je predsjednik Republikanske narodne stranke (CHP) i glavni vođa opozicije u Turskoj. Od 2002. do 2015. godine bio je zastupnik u Turskom parlamentu za Istanbul i njegovu drugu gradsku izbornu jedinicu. U lipnju 2015. godine ponovo je izabran za zastupnika u Turskom parlamentu za Izmir, za drugu gradsku izbornu jedinicu, a na toj dužnosti je ostao do 2023. godine.

Kılıçdaroğlu, koji je diplomirao na Fakultetu ekonomskih i trgovinskih znanosti u Ankari 1971. godine, obavljao je dužnost generalnog ravnatelja Socijalnog osiguranja (SSK) od 1992. do 1996. i od 1997. do 1999. godine, prije nego što je ušao u aktivnu politiku. Učlanio se u CHP 2002. godine i prvi put je izabran u Turski parlament na izborima iste godine, kao zastupnik druge istanbulske izborne jedinice. Na izborima 2007. godine ponovo je izabran kao zastupnik CHP-a, a tada je preuzeo i dužnost zamjenika predsjednika CHP-ove zastupničke grupe. Na lokalnim izborima 2009. godine, bio je kandidat za gradonačelnika Istanbula, ali je izgubio protiv kandidata Stranke pravde i razvoja Kadira Topbaşa, osvojivši samo 37% glasova.

Nakon što je 2010. Deniz Baykal podnio ostavku na mjesto predsjednika partije zbog umiješanosti u skandal, Kılıçdaroğlu je izabran za predsjednika CHP-a na 33. redovnoj skupštini CHP-a. Na izborima 2011. godine, CHP je povećao svoj udio glasova za 5,11%. Nakon što je kandidat CHP-a i Nacionalnog pokreta MHP-a Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu izgubio predsjedničke izbore 2014. godine, povećale su se kritike upućene Kılıçdaroğluu u stranci. Kılıçdaroğlu je ponovno izabran za predsjednika stranke na skupštinama održanim 2014., 2016. i 2018. godine te je uveo CHP u veliku koaliciju Millet İttifakı (Nacionalna alijansa). CHP je zadržao status glavne opozicijske stranke na predsjedničkim i parlamentarnim izborima 2018. godine. Na lokalnim izborima 2019. godine, stranka je pobijedila protiv vladajuće AK partije u glavnom gradu Ankari sa kandidatom Mansurom Yavaşom, nakon 17 godina vladavine AK partije. Pobjedu su odnijeli i u najvećem gradu Turske, Istanbulu, s kandidatom Ekremom İmamoğluom. Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu postao je nakon toga predsjednički kandidat Millet İttifakı za izbore 2023. godine.

Reference

Turski političari

Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu


17543 Sosva este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
17543 Sosva este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Caussols de Eric Walter Elst. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,23 ua, o excentricitate de 0,10 și o înclinație de 18,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 17001-18000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1993
Centura de asteroizi

17543 Sosva


Roberto Devereux (in full , ; "Robert Devereux, or the Earl of Essex") is a , or tragic opera, by Gaetano Donizetti. Salvadore Cammarano wrote the Italian libretto after François Ancelot's tragedy  (1829), and based as well on the  (1787) by Jacques Lescène des Maisons. Devereux was the subject of at least two other French plays, both titled : one by Thomas Corneille and one by Gauthier de Costes, seigneur de la Calprenède.

The opera is loosely based on the life of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, an influential member of the court of Queen Elizabeth I of England. The plot of Roberto Devereux was hardly original, mainly derived from Felice Romani's libretto  of 1833, originally set by Saverio Mercadante. Romani's widow charged Cammarano with plagiarism; the practice of stealing plots was very common between rival Italian opera houses.

It is one of a number of operas by Donizetti which deal with the Tudor period of English history and which include Anna Bolena (about Anne Boleyn), Maria Stuarda (about Mary, Queen of Scots) and . The lead female characters – Anne Boleyn, Mary Stuart and Elizabeth herself – have been referred to as the "Three Donizetti Queens." They became popular in the 1970s, when the American soprano Beverly Sills promoted them as a series at New York City Opera.

It has been said that, "although the plot plays fast and loose with history, the opera carries its own brand of dramatic conviction".

Origin
The contract for a new opera seria for the Teatro San Carlo in Naples was concluded in spring 1837. The generation of Roberto Devereux was overshadowed by serious crises in the life of the composer. During the previous year, Donizetti had lost both his parents and then his wife Virginia Vaselli delivered a stillborn baby. In June 1837, another child died during birth. On 30 July, his wife died at the age of 28. Rehearsals for the premiere began at the end of August 1837; most of the score had to be written in the month following his wife's death. Additionally, a cholera epidemic delayed again the start of rehearsals.

Salvatore Cammarano's libretto is very truthful to Jacques-François Ancelot's tragedy, a romantic rewrite of the material already dealt with by Pierre Corneille and La Calprenède in France, to which he added individual touches from Lescènes's Historie.

Performance history
19th century

Roberto Devereux was first performed on 28 October 1837 at the Teatro di San Carlo, Naples. Within a few years, the opera's success had caused it to be performed in most European cities including Paris on 27 December 1838, for which he wrote an overture which quoted, anachronistically, "God Save the Queen"; London on 24 June 1841; Rome in 1849; Palermo in 1857; in Pavia in 1859 and 1860; and in Naples on 18 December 1865. Also, it was given in New York on 15 January 1849, but it would appear that after 1882, no further performances were given during the 19th century.

20th century and beyond

The beginning of the 20th century revivals of Roberto Devereux started at the San Carlo in Naples in 1964, the revival starring Leyla Gencer. Montserrat Caballé appeared in a combination of concert performances and staged productions between December 1965 and 1978. Roberto Devereux was first performed by the New York City Opera in October 1970 as the first part of the "Three Queens" trilogy, starring Placido Domingo and Beverly Sills. It was performed on a regular basis in European houses during the 1980s and in concert versions by the Opera Orchestra of New York in January 1991 (with Vladimir Chernov), the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, in July 2002, and Washington Concert Opera in 2004.

In 2005 the Bavarian State Opera's Munich production starring Edita Gruberová was recorded on DVD by Deutsche Grammophon.

In 2009, performances were given by the Dallas Opera, the Las Palmas Opera, the Opera Holland Park Festival, while 2010 saw productions in Mannheim and Rome as well as by the Minnesota Opera and again Munich's Bavarian State Opera plus its first performance in Quebec in November of that year at the Opéra de Montréal. Welsh National Opera presented this opera (along with the other two "Three Queens" operas) in succession over three evenings beginning in October 2013.

After having debuted the role of Elisabetta at the Opéra de Marseille in 2011, Mariella Devia sang the opera in concert at Maggio Musicale Fiorentino on 18 May 2014 and with the Opera Orchestra of New York (OONY) on 5 June 2014. In 2015 she performed it onstage at the Teatro Real de Madrid and resumed it again in 2016 at the Teatro Carlo Felice of Genoa.

The Metropolitan Opera New York performed a new production of the piece in 2016, starring Sondra Radvanovsky, who also appeared the same season at the Met in the title roles of Donizetti's Anna Bolena and Maria Stuarda.

Roles

Synopsis
Place: London, England
Time: 1601, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I

Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, favorite of Queen Elisabeth, has been removed from office as Governor of Ireland because, acting on his own initiative, he has agreed to a ceasefire with the rebels. Following an attempted uprising, he is awaiting his trial for high treason in London.

Act 1
Scene 1: The Great Hall at Westminster

Sara, Duchess of Nottingham, is trying in vain to hide her tears from the eyes of the Court, as she reads the sad story of Fair Rosamond, the unfortunate lover of King Henry II of England, and therein recognizes a very similar situation to her own. She is in love with Robert Devereux, her husband's closest friend. The Ladies of the court express concern, but she replies that she is happy, while privately revealing her sadness (All'afflitto è dolce il pianto). Elizabeth enters and states that, at the insistence of Nottingham, she has agreed to see Robert once again, now that he has returned from Ireland accused of treason (Duchessa... Alle fervide preci). The Queen is willing to release him without charges if she can be sure of his continued loyalty. To Sara's gradual dismay, the Queen reveals her love for Robert (L'amor suo mi fe' beata). Cecil enters and announces that Parliament is waiting for an answer from the Queen regarding the charges against Robert, since it considers her too lenient towards him, but she refuses to sign the death warrant proposed by the Royal Council.

Robert enters and, in a conversation overheard by the increasingly distraught Sara, Elizabeth declares her love for him. Now alone together, Elizabeth promises Robert that the ring she once gave him will always be the pledge of his safety should he ever return it to her. The dream of bygone happy days is shattered by an inappropriate comment by Robert, who assumes that Elizabeth knows the secret of his love for Sara. The Queen, increasingly jealous, demands that Robert name the woman he loves. He denies that he loves anyone (Nascondi, frena i palpiti), and then the Queen leaves.

Nottingham, Robert's friend and supporter, enters and the two men discuss Robert's situation and Nottingham's concerns about his wife's behaviour after he has observed her embroidering a blue shawl (Forse in quel cor sensibile, Qui ribelle ognun ti chiama). The two men are interrupted by Cecil demanding that Nottingham attend a meeting of the Peers of the Realm.

Scene 2: Sara's Apartments at Nottingham House

Sara is alone when Robert enters, declaring her to be faithless because she has married Nottingham while he was in Ireland. She defends herself saying that it was the Queen's idea and that she was forced to do her bidding. At the same time, seeing the ring on Robert's finger, she assumes it to be a love token from the Queen, and tells him that they must never see each other again, giving him the blue shawl as a love token. In a final duet (Dacchè tornasti, ahi misera) each declares love for the other and they accept that they must say goodbye. Robert makes plans to escape.

Act 2
The Great Hall at Westminster

The Queen approaches Cecil to find out what has been decided. Cecil declares that the sentence is death. The Queen, asking Raleigh why the whole process took so long, learns that Robert had a shawl in his possession which he resisted giving over. It is handed to her. Nottingham enters and pleads for Robert's life (Non venni mai si mesto), insisting that he is innocent, but the Queen continues to describe how she knows that Robert has been unfaithful and, when he is brought in, confronts him, showing him the scarf. Nottingham sees it as well and recognizes it. Furious, he declares that he will have vengeance; while at the same time, Elizabeth offers Robert his freedom if he reveals the name of her rival. He refuses and she signs the death warrant, announcing that a cannon shot will be heard as the axe falls. Nottingham fumes that the axe is not a suitable punishment.

Act 3
Scene 1: Sara's Apartments

Alone, Sara receives Robert's ring along with a letter from him. In it, he tells her to take the ring to Elizabeth and beg for mercy. Before she can leave, Nottingham arrives and reads the letter (Non sai che un nume vindice). Although she protests her innocence, he prevents her from leaving. They both hear the funeral march for Robert as he is led to the Tower, and Nottingham leaves to exact his revenge on Robert. She faints.

Scene 2: The Tower of London

In his cell, Robert ponders as to why it appears that his ring has not been received by the Queen. But he refuses to betray Sara (Come uno spirto angelico... Bagnato il sen di lagrime), and when Cecil arrives at the door of the cell, it is not to free Robert but to take him to his execution. He is led away.

Scene 3: The Great Hall at Westminster

Elizabeth is mournful about the pending death of her lover and wonders why Sara is not there to give her comfort (Vivi ingrato, a lei d'accanto). Cecil announces that Robert is on his way to the block, and Sara arrives disheveled. She gives Elizabeth the ring along with confessing her guilt at being the Queen's rival. In vain, the Queen tries to stop the execution, but they hear the cannon announcing Robert's death. After Nottingham has arrived, Elizabeth demands to know why he prevented the ring from being brought to her. He replies: "Blood I wanted, and blood I got!" Elizabeth is haunted by the headless corpse of Robert, and longs for her own death, announcing that James VI of Scotland (son of Mary Queen of Scots) will be king. Alone, she kisses Robert's ring.

Music
Although not frequently performed today, it contains some of Donizetti's best vocal writing, some of it "first rate" (the end of act 1's duet between Roberto and Sara beginning with "" (Since you returned, ah miserable me!)), while the brief second act is "superb." The opera is raw and emotional; it is a powerful vehicle for the soprano. Some of the highlights include the act 1 duet between Elizabeth and Robert, "" (Hide and check your wild beating / oh my unhappy heart). The final scene is one of the most dramatic and difficult in bel canto opera. As Elizabeth is going mad with the death of her lover, "" (That spilled blood / rises to heaven) pushes romantic opera to the limits of melodic expression and has been described as "mak(ing) a powerful end to one of Donizetti's finest and most affecting operas." The final bars contain six high As, one high B-flat and one high B natural, sometimes interpolated as an alt D natural.

List of main arias and musical numbers

Act 1
 Sara- Romanza: "All'afflitto è dolce il pianto" : "To one who is sad, weeping is sweet".
 Elisabeth: "Duchessa... Alle fervide preci" : "Duchess... To your husband's eager requests".
 Elisabeth- Cavatina: "L'amor suo mi fe' beata" : "His love was a blessing to me"
 Robert: "Nascondi, frena i palpiti" : "Hide and check your wild beating"
 Nottingham- Cavatina: "Forse in quel cor sensibile... Qui ribelle ognun ti chiama" : "Perhaps in that sensitive heart... Here everyone calls you traitor"
 Sara and Robert- Duetto: "Da che tornasti, ahi misera" : "Since you returned, ah miserable me!"

Act 2
 Nottingham and Elisabeth- Duettino: "Non venni mai si mesto" : "Never had I come so saddened"
 Elisabeth, Nottingham and Robert- Terzetto: "Ecco l'indegno" : "Here is the unworthy one!"

Act 3
 Sara and Nottigham- Duetto: "Non sai che un nume vindice": "Don`t you know that betrayed husbands"
 Robert- Aria: "Come uno spirto angelico.. Bagnato il sen di lagrime" : "Like an angelic spirit.. With my breast bathed in tears"
 Elisabeth- Aria finale: "Vivi, ingrato, a lei d'accanto.. Quel sangue versato.." : "Live, ungrateful man at her side.. That spilled blood.."

Recordings

References
Notes

Cited sources
Ashbrook William and Sarah Hibberd (2001), in Holden, Amanda (Ed.), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam.
Osborne, Charles (1994), The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini, Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press.
Rudel, Anthony J. (1969), "Three Queens, One Soprano" booklet accompanying the 1969 Deutsche Grammophon recording

Other sources
Allitt, John Stewart (1991), Donizetti: in the light of Romanticism and the teaching of Johann Simon Mayr, Shaftesbury: Element Books, Ltd (UK); Rockport, MA: Element, Inc.(USA)
Ashbrook, William (1992), Donizetti and His Operas, Cambridge University Press, 1982,
Ashbrook, William (1998), "Roberto Devereux" in Stanley Sadie (Ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. Three, pp. 1359–1360. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc.
Black, John (1982), Donizetti's Operas in Naples, 1822–1848. London: The Donizetti Society.
Loewenberg, Alfred (1970). Annals of Opera, 1597–1940, 2nd edition. Rowman and Littlefield
Sadie, Stanley, (Ed.); John Tyrell (Exec. Ed.) (2004), The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 2nd edition. London: Macmillan.  (hardcover).   (eBook).
 Weinstock, Herbert (1963), Donizetti and the World of Opera in Italy, Paris, and Vienna in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century, New York: Pantheon Books.
 Roberto Devereux: A Queen's tragic love affair, Norbert Miller from Dahlhaus : "Enzyklopädie des Musiktheaters". Booklet of ROBERTO DEVEREUX opera, CD DDD NIGHTINGALE CLASSICS AG, Edition 1994: NC070563-2

External links

 Donizetti Society (London) website
 Libretto (Italian)

Operas by Gaetano Donizetti
Italian-language operas
1837 operas
Operas
Operas set in England
Operas about Elizabeth I
Opera world premieres at the Teatro San Carlo
Operas based on plays

Roberto Devereux


Valentin Ionuț Costache ()

Cariera

Costache a început cariera în orașul natal, la CSȘ Videle. În 2014, a ajuns la juniorii lui Dinamo București. S-a remarcat la echipa de juniori a lui Dinamo în martie 2015 când a adus victoria echipei într-un meci contra rivalei Steaua, A fost convocat de mai multe ori la naționala U17, dar nu s-a putut impune acolo, fiind preferat ca titular Ianis Hagi.

A debutat la echipa mare a lui Dinamo în Liga I în decembrie 2015, în meciul terminat la egalitate 1-1 cu CFR Cluj, și apoi, după pauza de iarnă, a jucat titular în meciul câștigat la 14 februarie 2016 cu 1-0 pe teren propriu cu FC Botoșani, când a și înscris unicul gol al meciului și a primit un cartonaș galben pentru că a ieșit de pe teren în timp ce își sărbătorea reușita, iar Gazeta Sporturilor i-a acordat cea mai mare notă, 7, dintre jucătorii de pe teren, la egalitate cu coechipierul său, croatul Antun Palić. Meciurile repetate i-au crescut cota, și a fost transferat la CFR Cluj în toamna lui 2017 pentru 800.000 de euro. Acolo nu s-a impus ca titular, jucând mai mult pe finalurile de meci și fiind trimis de câteva ori și la echipa a doua.

La 16 iunie 2022, a semnat un contract pentru două sezoane cu posibilitate de prelungire pentru încă unul cu Rapid București.

Palmares
CFR Cluj
 Liga I (4): 2017–18, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22
 Supercupa României (2): 2018, 2020

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1998
Fotbaliști români
Fotbaliști ai FC Dinamo București
Fotbaliști ai CFR Cluj
Fotbaliști ai FC Rapid București

Valentin Costache


Katie McLaughlin (Dana Point, 9 de julho de 1997) é uma nadadora estadunidense, medalhista olímpica.

Carreira

Formada pela Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley, McLaughlin conquistou a medalha de prata nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 em Tóquio na prova de revezamento 4×200 m livre feminino, ao lado de Allison Schmitt, Paige Madden, Brooke Forde e Bella Sims, com a marca de 7:40.73.

Nadadores olímpicos dos Estados Unidos
Nadadores nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas olímpicos da natação

Katie McLaughlin


Julian Gilbey (* 1. Mai 1979 in England) ist ein britischer Filmregisseur, Drehbuchautor, Filmeditor, Kameramann und Schauspieler.

Leben

Karriere
2002 schrieb Gilbey das Drehbuch für seinen Action-Thriller Reckoning Day, wo er auch Regie führte und den Filmschnitt vornahm. In dem Film spielt neben Julian auch sein Bruder Will mit. Vier Jahre später schrieb er mit seinem Bruder den nächsten Thriller. Bei Rollin' with the Nines führte er ebenfalls wieder Regie und agierte wieder als Editor. 2007 kam es zu dem Action-Krimi Footsoldier. Hier führte Julian Gilbey Regie und war als Editor tätig. Und wie gewohnt schrieb er mit Will das Drehbuch für den Film. Zuletzt drehten die beiden Brüder den Thriller A Lonely Place to Die – Todesfalle Highlands.

Des Weiteren war Gilbey als Editor bei den Filmen Rise of the Footsoldier Featurette, Boogie Woogie und Doghouse tätig.

Privates
Gilbeys Urgroßvater Nigel Bruce war ebenfalls ein Schauspieler. Er hat einen jüngeren Bruder namens Will, der wie er ein Filmregisseur, Drehbuchautor, Editor, Kameramann und Schauspieler ist. Die beiden drehten schon mehrere Filme zusammen wie A Lonely Place to Die – Todesfalle Highlands, Rollin' with the Nines und Rise of the Footsoldier.

Filmografie (Auswahl)

Filme als Regisseur und Drehbuchautor
 2002: Reckoning Day
 2006: Rollin' with the Nines
 2007: Footsoldier (Rise of the Footsoldier)
 2011: A Lonely Place to Die – Todesfalle Highlands (A Lonely Place to Die)

Filme als Editor
 2002: Reckoning Day
 2006: Rollin' with the Nines
 2007: Rise of the Footsoldier Featurette
 2007: Footsoldier (Rise of the Footsoldier)
 2009: Boogie Woogie
 2009: Doghouse
 2011: A Lonely Place to Die – Todesfalle Highlands (A Lonely Place to Die)
 2017: Rise of the Footsoldier III – Die Pat Tate Story

Filme als Darsteller und Kameramann
 2002: Reckoning Day

Auszeichnungen
 2005 Raindance Film Festival: Best UK Feature (Rollin' with The Nines)
 2007 British Academy Film Award: nominiert für Rollin' with The Nines
 2011 Chicago International Film Festival: Silver Hugo (A Lonely Place to Die – Todesfalle Highlands)
 2011 Toronto After Dark Film Festival: Special Award für den besten Action-Film (A Lonely Place to Die – Todesfalle Highlands)
 2011 Toronto After Dark Film Festival: Special Award in der Kategorie der spannendste Film (A Lonely Place to Die – Todesfalle Highlands)
 2011 ActionFest: Beste Regie (A Lonely Place to Die – Todesfalle Highlands)
 2011 ActionFest: Bester Film (A Lonely Place to Die – Todesfalle Highlands)

Weblinks

 Interview von Julian Gilbey

Einzelnachweise

Filmregisseur
Drehbuchautor
Filmeditor
Kameramann
Filmschauspieler
Brite
Geboren 1979
Mann

Julian Gilbey