Patricia Audrey Anderson est une défenseure australienne des droits de l'homme et une administratrice de la santé. Femme Alyawarre du Territoire du Nord, elle est connue internationalement en tant que défenseure de la justice sociale, plaidant pour l'amélioration de la santé, de l'éducation et de la protection des enfants aborigènes.

Biographie
Anderson a grandi dans le camp de Parap à Darwin, dans le Territoire du Nord, où elle a été confrontée à la discrimination et au racisme. Sa mère faisait partie des  "générations volées".

Dans les années 19560, elle a quitté l'Australie pour voyager et travailler au Royaume-Uni, aux Pays-Bas et en Israël.

Anderson est l'une des premiers diplômées aborigènes de l'université d'Australie-Occidentale.

Carrière
Anderson a travaillé comme secrétaire juridique pour la Commission royale Woodward sur les droits fonciers aborigènes. Au début des années 1990, elle est devenue PDG du Danila Dilba Aboriginal Health Service à Darwin. Elle a occupé les postes de présidente de la National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation et de directrice générale de l'Aboriginal Medical Services Alliance Northern Territory (AMSANT). Elle a dirigé la création du Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Aboriginal and Tropical Health en 1997, et lorsque le Cooperative Research Centre a été remboursé en 2003 sous le nom de The CRC for Aboriginal Health, elle a assumé le rôle de présidente.

Anderson s'est exprimée devant le groupe de travail des Nations unies sur les populations indigènes. Avec Rex Wild, elle a co-rédigé en 2007 le rapport Little Children Are Sacred sur la maltraitance des enfants dans le Territoire du Nord.

Elle est la présidente de l'Institut Lowitja, l'Institut national australien de recherche sur la santé des aborigènes et des insulaires du détroit de Torres. Elle a été coprésidente du conseil référendaire qui a consulté des centaines de personnes aborigènes pour délivrer l'historique déclaration d'Uluru en mai 2017.

En juin 2021, Pat Anderson a prononcé l'oraison Lowitja O'Donoghue à la Fondation Don Dunstan.

Publications

Distinctions et récompenses
 2007 : Australien senior de l'année 2007 du Territoire du Nord.
 2007 : Médaille de la santé publique Sidney Sax - Association australienne de la santé publique.
 2012 : Prix individuel de la communauté des droits de l'homme (prix commémoratif Tony Fitzgerald).
 2013 : Doctorat honorifique - Université Flinders.
 2014 : Officier de l'Ordre d'Australie pour services éminents rendus à la communauté indigène en tant que défenseur de la justice sociale.
 2015 : Lauréate, catégorie politique publique, des prix Australian Financial Review et Westpac 100 Women of Influence.
 2016 : Médaille des droits de l'homme - Commission australienne des droits de l'homme.
 2017 : Docteur en sciences médicales honoris causa - Université Edith Cowan.
 2018 : NAIDOC Lifetime Achievement Award, pour des décennies de défense des intérêts des peuples des Premières Nations.
 2018 : Doctorat honorifique en droit, Université de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, en reconnaissance de la campagne qu'elle a menée toute sa vie pour la justice sociale.
 2021 : Australienne senior de l'année de l'ACT, pour son travail en faveur de la santé des populations aborigènes.

Notes et références

Officier de l'ordre d'Australie
Droits de l'homme en Australie
Personnalité liée à la défense des droits de l'homme

Pat Anderson


Das ATP Challenger Fürth (offizieller Name: "Franken Challenge", früher "Schickedanz Open") war ein ab 1979 jährlich stattfindendes Tennisturnier in Fürth. Von 1979 bis 1985 war es ein Clubevent, 1986 gehörte es zur ITF Future Tour, ab 1987 war es Teil der ATP Challenger Tour und wurde im Freien auf Sandplatz gespielt. Im Einzel gewannen Christian Ruud, Peter Luczak und João Sousa das Turnier zweimal. Im Doppel gelang dies Rameez Junaid dreimal.

Das Turnier zählte mit 30 ununterbrochenen Austragungen zu den traditionsreichsten Challenger-Turnieren der ATP Challenger Tour. Aufgrund finanzieller Engpässe wurde das Turnier 2017 nicht mehr fortgeführt.

Liste der Sieger

Einzel

Doppel

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website
 Ergebnisarchiv der ATP

Furth

ATP Challenger Fürth


نيوتن بوث  (30 كانون الأول، 1825 - 14 تموز، 1892) سياسي أمريكي ينتمي إلى (الحزب الجمهوري) ولد في مدينة سالم في ولاية انديانا الأمريكية تخرج نيوتن بوث من جامعة أسبوري في سنة 1841 (تم تغير اسمها إلى جامعة ديبو فيما بعد) ودرس القانون في تيري هوت أصبح نيوتم بوث حاكما على ولاية كاليفورنيا الأمريكية في 8 ديسمبر، 1871 واستمر في منصبه كحاكم على ولاية كاليفورنيا الأمريكية إلى 27 فبراير، 1875 عندما استقال لانتخابه في عضوية مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي شغل بوث منصب عضو في مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي ما بين 4 مارس، 1875 إلى 3 مارس، 1881 توفي نيوتن بوث في 14 تموز - يوليو من سنة 1892 في ولاية كاليفورنيا الأمريكية.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أعضاء مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي من كاليفورنيا
أعضاء مجلس شيوخ ولاية كاليفورنيا
جمهوريون من ولاية كاليفورنيا
حكام ولايات أمريكية من الحزب الجمهوري
سياسيون أمريكيون في القرن 19
قائمة حكام ولاية كاليفورنيا
مواليد 1825
مواليد في سالم (إنديانا)
وفيات 1892
وفيات في ساكرامنتو (كاليفورنيا)
أعضاء مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي من حزب مكافحة الاحتكار

نيوتن بوث


Sur TV "l'image de merveilles" —en español: «Sur TV "la imagen de maravillas"»— es el segundo vídeo en vivo de la banda japonesa Malice Mizer. Es la publicación del especial de televisión en el que participó Malice Mizer, es un DVD recopilatorio de sus presentaciones del tour Pays de merveilles, "pays de merveilles ~Kūhaku no shunkan no naka de~" en el AKASAKA BLITZ, dos noches seguidas en el Hibiya yagai ongakudo, "deuxieme anniversaire ~Kareinaru fukkatsu geki~" y "pays de merveilles ~Kūhaku no shunkan no tobira~". A pesar de haber tenido lugar antes del concierto de merveilles l'espace este especial solo fue lanzado en el boxset La Collection "merveilles" en el año 2005. Contiene una entrevista sobre el cortometraje Verte Aile y una versión especial del PV de la canción au revoir.

El boxset alcanzó el número 64 en el ranking del Oricon Style Box Weekly Chart y se mantuvo durante una semana en la lista.

Lista de canciones

Enlaces externos
 -scape- La Collection "merveilles" Información sobre el boxset La Collection "merveilles" -L'édition Limitée-

Referencias

Videoálbumes de Malice Mizer
Videoálbumes de 2005

Sur TV "l'image de merveilles"


Westminster-kerfið er ein tegund þingræðisstjórnarfars sem felur í sér ákveðnar stjórnarfarsvenjur og reglur í störfum löggjafarþings sem á upphaf að rekja til Englands.

Það sem helst einkennir þessa gerð þingræðis er að framkvæmdavaldið (ríkisstjórn) er skipað ráðherrum sem oftast eru einnig þingmenn sem eiga sæti á löggjafarþinginu. Ríkisstjórnin situr í umboði þingsins og ber ábyrgð gagnvart því. Á þinginu sitja einnig þingmenn og flokkar sem eru í stjórnarandstöðu. Staða þjóðhöfðingja í ríkjum sem nota Westminster-kerfið er oftast aðeins táknræn en mesta valdastaðan er staða forsætisráðherra. Westminster-kerfið er nefnt eftir Westminster-höll í London þar sem báðar deildir breska þingsins sitja. Kerfinu er gjarnan stillt upp sem andstæðu við forsetaræði að Bandarískri fyrirmynd eða forsetaþingræði sem tíðkast í Frakklandi.

Westminster-kerfið þróaðist á breska þinginu á löngum tíma og byggir það að miklu leyti á óskráðum stjórnskipunarvenjum og hefðum. Utan Bretlands er kerfið helst notað í löndum sem áður voru hluti af breska heimsveldinu. T.d. í Kanada þar sem það hefur verið við lýði síðan 1848 og á Indlandi sem er fjölmennasta lýðræðisríki heims.

Munurinn á Westminster-þingræði og þingræði í öðrum löndum, t.d. á meginlandi Evrópu liggur helst í því að þingstörf í Bretlandi og öðrum löndum sem nota Westminster-kerfið eru átakakenndari en t.d. í Þýskalandi þar sem meiri áhersla er á samráð. Það kann að helgast af því að kosningakerfið sem notað er á Bretlandi leiðir til þess að oftast fær sá flokkur sem sigrar kosningar hreinan meirihluta á þingi á meðan það er venjan á meginlandi Evrópu að tveir eða fleiri flokkar þurfa að mynda samsteypustjórn. Þessi menningarmunur endurspeglast í því hvernig salarkynni þjóðþinga eru innréttuð. Í breska þinginu er bekkjaröðum stillt upp á móti hvorum öðrum þannig að stjórnarliðar sitja öðrum meginn í salnum en stjórnarandstæðingar hinu megin. Í þingræðislöndum sem ekki nota Westminster-kerfið er hins vegar algengast að raða sætum í hálfhring.

Heimildir

Tegundir stjórnarfars
Stjórnskipan

Westminster-kerfið


Norbert Dittmar (* 4. März 1943 in Bielefeld) ist ein deutscher Sprachwissenschaftler.

Leben
Nach seinem Abitur 1963 in Bielefeld studierte Dittmar von 1965 bis 1967 sowie 1969 Germanistik, Slawistik und Philosophie an der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, von 1967 bis 1968 Romanistik und Linguistik an der Universität Aix-Marseille, von 1969 bis 1970 Romanistik, Linguistik und Germanistik an der Freien Universität Berlin und von 1970 bis 1974 Linguistik, Romanistik und Philosophie an der Universität Konstanz. Er promovierte 1974 an der Universität Konstanz mit der Arbeit Soziolinguistik. Exemplarische und kritische Darstellung ihrer Theorie, Empirie und Anwendung. 1979 habilitierte er sich an der Freien Universität Berlin. 1979 wurde er dort Professor für Linguistik. Dittmar emeritierte 2008.

Forschungsschwerpunkte
Die Forschungsschwerpunkte von Dittmar sind Soziolinguistik, Grammatik, Pragmatik der gesprochenen Sprache, Zweitspracherwerb und Diskursanalyse.

Veröffentlichungen (Auswahl)

Weblinks

 Homepage an der FU Berlin

Einzelnachweise

Linguist
Hochschullehrer (Freie Universität Berlin)
Deutscher
Geboren 1943
Mann

Norbert Dittmar


Acompsosaurus es un género extinto de aetosaurio. Es conocido a partir de un esqueleto parcial hallado en el Miembro Bosque Petrificado de la formación Chinle cerca de Fort Wingate, en Nuevo México, el cual está ahora perdido. El nombre del género significa "lagarto robusto." Puede que sea un sinónimo más moderno de Stagonolepis ya que su pelvis se parece bastante a la de la especie S. robertsoni.

Referencias

Aetosauria
Fósiles de América
Fósiles del Triásico

Acompsosaurus


An Carex morrowii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Francis M.B. Boott. An Carex morrowii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 C. m. laxa
 C. m. morrowii
 C. m. temnolepis

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Carex

Carex morrowii


The 2003–04 NHL season was the 87th regular season of the National Hockey League. The Stanley Cup champions were the Tampa Bay Lightning, who won the best of seven series four games to three against the Calgary Flames.

For the fourth time in eight years, the all-time record for total shutouts in a season was shattered, as 192 shutouts were recorded. The 2003–04 regular season was also the first one (excluding the lockout-shortened 1994–95 season) since 1967–68 in which there was neither a 50-goal scorer, nor a 100-point scorer. It was also the final NHL season before the 2004–05 NHL lockout with games resuming in the fall of 2005 as part of the 2005–06 season, and the final season in which games could end in ties.

League business
The schedule of 82 games was revamped. The new format increased divisional games from five to six per team (24 total), and decreased inter-conference games to at least one per team, with three extra games (18 in total).

The alternating of jerseys was changed. For the first season since the 1969–70 season, teams would now wear their colored jerseys at home and white jerseys away.

The Phoenix Coyotes moved to a new arena in Glendale, Arizona, after playing their first seven seasons at America West Arena.

Regular season
The 2003–04 season was one overhung by concern over the expiry of the NHL Collective Bargaining Agreement. It led to the cancellation of the League's games for the entirety of the next season. During the entire season, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman and NHL Players' Association (NHLPA) head Bob Goodenow waged a war of words with no agreement being signed.

On September 26, just before the season was to begin, young Atlanta Thrashers star Dany Heatley crashed his Ferrari in suburban Atlanta. The passenger, Thrashers teammate Dan Snyder, was killed. Heatley himself was badly injured and eventually charged with vehicular homicide.

Entering the season, the two Stanley Cup favorites were the Ottawa Senators in the Eastern Conference, who had won the Presidents' Trophy and come within a win of the Stanley Cup Finals the year before, and the Colorado Avalanche in the Western Conference, who, despite losing legendary goaltender Patrick Roy to retirement, added both Teemu Selanne and Paul Kariya to an already star-studded lineup. Neither of these teams, however, were as successful as expected, with Ottawa finishing fifth in their conference and Colorado finishing fourth, losing the Northwest Division title for the first time in a decade when the franchise was still known as the Quebec Nordiques.

The greatest disappointments were the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, who, despite making it to Game 7 of the Stanley Cup Finals the year prior and adding both Sergei Fedorov and Vaclav Prospal, failed to make the playoffs. The Los Angeles Kings failed to make the playoffs in large part due to a season-ending 11-game losing streak. In the East, the star-studded New York Rangers again failed to make the playoffs. The Washington Capitals, who were regarded as a contender, also stumbled early in the season and never recovered. The end of the season saw two of the most extensive housecleanings in League history, as the Rangers and Capitals traded away many of their stars and entered "rebuilding mode." The Capitals traded away Jaromir Jagr, Peter Bondra, Sergei Gonchar, Robert Lang and Anson Carter, while the Rangers moved Petr Nedved, Brian Leetch, Anson Carter and Alexei Kovalev to other NHL teams.

The most surprising teams were the Tampa Bay Lightning in the East and the San Jose Sharks in the West. The Lightning, who had a remarkable season with only 20 man-games lost to injury, finished atop the Eastern Conference, while the Sharks, who were firmly in rebuilding mode after a disastrous 28–37–9–8 campaign the last season, came second in the West and won the Pacific Division.

Two other teams that did better than expected were carried by surprising young goaltenders. The Calgary Flames ended a seven-year playoff drought backed by the solid play of Miikka Kiprusoff, and the Boston Bruins won the Northeast Division by a whisker over the Toronto Maple Leafs with the help of eventual Calder Memorial Trophy-winning goaltender Andrew Raycroft.

Goaltending was also the story of the Presidents' Trophy-winning Detroit Red Wings as the return from retirement of legend Dominik Hasek bumped Curtis Joseph to the minor leagues. At the same time, long-time back up Manny Legace recorded better numbers than both veterans and won the starting job in the playoffs.

Of note is the fact that the Nashville Predators made the playoffs for the first time in franchise history, though they were dispatched by a star-studded Detroit Red Wings team in the first round.

The regular season ended controversially, when in March 2004, the Vancouver Canucks' Todd Bertuzzi infamously attacked and severely injured the Colorado Avalanche's Steve Moore, forcing the latter eventually to retire.

Final standings
Detroit Red Wings won the Presidents' Trophy and home-ice advantage throughout the playoffs.

For rankings in conference, division leaders are automatically ranked 1–3. These three, plus the next five teams in the conference standings, earn playoff berths at the end of the season.

Eastern Conference

Western Conference

Playoffs

Bracket

Awards
The NHL Awards presentation took place in Toronto.

All-Star teams

Player statistics

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points

Leading goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; Mins = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses: OT = Overtime losses; GA = Goals allowed; SO = Shutouts; GAA = Goals against average

Coaches

Eastern Conference
Atlanta Thrashers: Bob Hartley
Boston Bruins: Mike O'Connell
Buffalo Sabres: Lindy Ruff
Carolina Hurricanes: Peter Laviolette
Florida Panthers: Rick Dudley and John Torchetti
Montreal Canadiens: Claude Julien
New Jersey Devils: Pat Burns
New York Islanders: Steve Stirling
New York Rangers: Glen Sather
Ottawa Senators: Jacques Martin
Philadelphia Flyers: Ken Hitchcock
Pittsburgh Penguins: Ed Olczyk
Tampa Bay Lightning: John Tortorella
Toronto Maple Leafs: Pat Quinn
Washington Capitals: Glen Hanlon

Western Conference
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim: Mike Babcock
Calgary Flames: Darryl Sutter
Chicago Blackhawks: Brian Sutter
Colorado Avalanche: Tony Granato
Columbus Blue Jackets: Doug MacLean
Dallas Stars: Dave Tippett
Detroit Red Wings: Dave Lewis
Edmonton Oilers: Craig MacTavish
Los Angeles Kings: Andy Murray
Minnesota Wild: Jacques Lemaire
Nashville Predators: Barry Trotz
Phoenix Coyotes: Bobby Francis and Rick Bowness
San Jose Sharks: Ron Wilson
St. Louis Blues: Joel Quenneville
Vancouver Canucks: Marc Crawford

Milestones

Debuts
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 2003–04 (listed with their first team):
Chris Kunitz, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim
Patrice Bergeron, Boston Bruins
Jason Pominville, Buffalo Sabres
Derek Roy, Buffalo Sabres
Eric Staal$, Carolina Hurricanes
Travis Moen, Chicago Blackhawks
Tuomo Ruutu, Chicago Blackhawks
Nikolai Zherdev, Columbus Blue Jackets
Niklas Kronwall, Detroit Red Wings
Dustin Brown, Los Angeles Kings
Brent Burns$, Minnesota Wild
Tomas Plekanec, Montreal Canadiens
Jordin Tootoo, Nashville Predators
Marek Zidlicky, Nashville Predators
Dominic Moore, New York Rangers
Fedor Tyutin, New York Rangers
Marc-Andre Fleury$, Pittsburgh Penguins
Ryan Kesler, Vancouver Canucks
Alexander Semin, Washington Capitals

$ - active as of the 2023-24 NHL season

Last games

The following is a list of players of note who played their last NHL game in 2003–04, listed with their team:

Valeri Bure, Dallas Stars
Shayne Corson, Dallas Stars
Vincent Damphousse, San Jose Sharks
Ron Francis, Toronto Maple Leafs
Kenny Jonsson, New York Islanders
Joé Juneau, Montreal Canadiens
Mike Keane, Vancouver Canucks
Trent Klatt, Los Angeles Kings
Igor Larionov, New Jersey Devils
 Curtis Leschyshyn, Ottawa Senators
Al MacInnis, St. Louis Blues
Mark Messier, New York Rangers (The last active player to have played in the World Hockey Association, also last player to have played in the 1970s.)
Adam Oates, Edmonton Oilers
James Patrick, Buffalo Sabres
Felix Potvin, Boston Bruins
Scott Stevens, New Jersey Devils
Steve Thomas, Detroit Red Wings
Roman Turek, New Jersey Devils

Broadcasting

Canada
This was the second season of the league's Canadian national broadcast rights deals with CBC and TSN. CBC continued to air Saturday night Hockey Night in Canada regular season games, while TSN's coverage included Wednesday Night Hockey and other selected weeknights. During the first three rounds of the Stanley Cup playoffs, TSN televised all-U.S. games while CBC aired all games involving Canadian teams. CBC then had exclusive coverage of the Stanley Cup Finals.

United States
This was the fifth and final year of the league's U.S. national broadcast rights deal with ESPN and ABC. ESPN and ESPN2 aired weeknight games throughout the regular season. ABC's coverage included the All-Star Game and five weeks worth of regional games on Saturday afternoons between January and March. During the first two rounds of the playoffs, ESPN and ESPN2 aired selected games, while ABC had Saturday regional telecasts. Each U.S. team's regional broadcaster produced local coverage of first and second round games (except for those games on ABC). ABC's weekend telecasts continued into the Conference Finals, while ESPN had the rest of the third round games. ESPN then aired the first two games of the Stanley Cup Finals before the rest of the series shifted to ABC.

In May 2004, NBC reached an agreement to broadcast a slate of regular season games and playoff games. ESPN was only willing to renew its contract for two additional years, without games on ABC, with an opt-out clause after the first year.

See also
List of Stanley Cup champions
NHL All-Star Game
NHL All-Rookie Team
2003 in sports
2004 in sports
Red Mile

References

Notes

External links
Hockey Database
NHL Official Website

1
1

2003–04 NHL season


Washington County er et county beliggende i den syd-vestlige del af den amerikanske delstat Alabama. Hovedbyen er Chatom, og på den vestlige side grænser countiet op til Mississippi. I 2010 havde countiet 17.581 indbyggere. Det blev grundlagt 4. juni 1800, og er opkaldt efter USA's 1. præsident George Washington.

Geografi
Ifølge United States Census Bureau er Washingtons totale areal på 2.820 km², hvoraf de 22 km² er vand.

Grænsende counties
 Choctaw County (nord)
 Clarke County (øst)
 Baldwin County (sydøst)
 Mobile County (syd)
 Greene County (sydvest)
 Wayne County (nordvest)

Eksterne henvisninger

 Washington Countys officielle hjemmeside

Counties i Alabama
Etableret i 1800

Washington County (Alabama)


Massonneau ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Christian Gottfried Heinrich Carl Massonneau (1801–1872), preußischer Bürgermeister und Amtmann von Billerbeck
 Louis Massonneau (1766–1848), Leiter und Konzertmeister der Hofkapelle Schwerin
 Valérie Massonneau (* 1965), französische politische Journalistin, siehe Valérie Trierweiler

Massonneau


Ian Abercrombie (Essex, Inglaterra, Reino Unido, 11 de septiembre de 1934 - Hollywood, California, Estados Unidos, 26 de enero de 2012) fue un actor inglés, conocido sobre todo por haber interpretado a Alfred Pennyworth en Aves de presa. Además, interpretó al exigente jefe de Elaine Benes, Justin Pitt, durante la sexta temporada de Seinfeld, y más tarde al mayordomo de Ian Hainsworth en Desperate Housewives.

Vida y carrera
Abercrombie comenzó su carrera teatral durante los bombardeos en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Después de varios años de trabajo en las tablas, donde obtuvo diversas medallas de bronce, plata y oro en danza escénica, se presentó en Londres, Escocia, Holanda e Irlanda. Se mudó a Estados Unidos a los 17 años, realizando su debut allí en 1955 en una producción de Stalag 17 con Jason Robards y Jules Munshin. Varias obras teatrales le siguieron en el Summer stock, regional y fuera de Broadway, seguido de una gran variedad de ofertas teatrales, desde revistas hasta Shakespeare (durante un período de bajas ofertas laborales, trabajó como asistente de un mago por 10 dólares).

En 1957 fue reclutado por el ejército y enviado a Alemania como parte de los Servicios Especiales, donde dirigió el estreno continental de Separate Tables. Ya en Estados Unidos, se fue a California para una audición sin resultados, pero comenzó una larga carrera en películas y televisión. Recibió premios por su trabajo en Sweet Prince con Keir Dullea; Teeth N'smiles, A Doll's House con Linda Purl y The Arcata Promise, junto a Anthony Hopkins. Fue aclamado por el unipersonal Jean Cocteau - A Mirror Image.

Compartió dos roles con el actor Clive Revill. Revill fue Alfred Pennyworth en los primeros episodios de Batman (1992), un papel que Abercrombie interpretó en la serie de televisión Aves de presa (2002). Revill también fue el primer actor en interpretar a Palpatine en Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back (1980). Abercrombie interpretó al personaje en la serie animada Clone Wars y en el cine, siendo el segundo actor llamado Ian en retratar a Palpatine: el primero fue Ian McDiarmid que lo interpretó en cinco de las seis películas de Star Wars, así como también en Lego Star Wars: The Video Game y Star Wars Battlefront: Elite Squadron.

Abercrombie también fue conocido por el papel de Wiseman en la película de culto Army of Darkness (1993). Fue artista invitado en series de televisión como Seinfeld, The Nanny, Wizards of Waverly Place, Airwolf, Babylon 5 y NewsRadio; además, interpretó el papel del malvado canciller Palpatine en la película Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008), repitiendo el mismo papel en la adaptación para la televisión y los dos spin-off para videojuego: Star Wars: The Clone Wars: Republic Heroes and Star Wars: The Clone Wars: Lightsaber Duels.

También interpretó a Ambrosio en la nominada al Óscar 'Rango, y a Ganthet en Green Lantern: The Animated Series, finalizando su carrera en el último episodio de la serie de Cartoon Network antes de su muerte.

 Fallecimiento
Abercrombie falleció en Hollywood, California el 26 de enero de 2012, de 77 años, de una falla renal. Le sobrevivió su esposa, Gladys.

 Filmografía
 Young Frankenstein (1974).
 The Prisoner of Zenda (1977).
 La isla de la fantasía (1977).
 Battlestar Galactica (1978).
 Sextette (1978).
 Journey's End (1983).
 The Ice Pirates (1984).
 Kicks (1985).
 Firewalker (1986).
 Last Resort (1986).
 Warlock (1988).
 Catacombs (1988).
 Zandalee (1991).
 Puppet Master III (1992).
 Twin Peaks (1992).
 The Public Eye (1992).
 Army of Darkness (1993).
 Addams Family Values (1993).
 Clean Slate (1994).
 Babylon 5 (1994).
 Days of our Lives (1997–2002).
 The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997).
 MouseHunt (1997).
 Jack Frost 2: Revenge of the Mutant Killer Snowman (2000).
 Birds of Prey (2002) (como Alfred Pennyworth).
 Inland Empire (2006).
 Garfield 2: A Tail of Two Kitties (2006).
 Wizards of Waverly Place (2007–2012) (como el profesor Crumbs; rol recurrente).
 Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008).
 The Next Train Home (2011).
 Rango'' (2011).

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Actores de televisión de Inglaterra
Actores de cine de Inglaterra
Personas de Essex
Fallecidos en Hollywood

Ian Abercrombie


Transalpina se poate referi la:

 Gallia Narbonensis, provincie romană
 Țara Românească, stat medieval românesc
 Transalpina, șosea care străbate Carpații Meridionali

Transalpina (dezambiguizare)


خليج أوسلو  خليج يقع جنوب شرقي النرويج، جنوب مدينة أوسلو.

مراجع

تضاريس أوسلو
جغرافيا النرويج

خليج أوسلو


Lakefield Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Lakefield Township (Luce County, Michigan)
 Lakefield Township (Saginaw County, Michigan)

Lakefield Township


An Hymenachne amplexicaulis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Edward Rudge, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck. An Hymenachne amplexicaulis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hymenachne, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Hymenachne

Hymenachne amplexicaulis


Lostprophets (stylised as lostprophets) were a Welsh rock band from Pontypridd, formed in 1997 by singer and lyricist Ian Watkins and guitarist Lee Gaze. The group was founded after their former band Fleshbind broke up. They later recruited Mike Lewis on guitars and Mike Chiplin on drums.

Lostprophets released five studio albums: The Fake Sound of Progress (2000), Start Something (2004), Liberation Transmission (2006), The Betrayed (2010), and Weapons (2012). They sold 3.5 million albums worldwide, achieving two top-ten singles on the UK Singles Chart ("Last Train Home" and "Rooftops"), a No. 1 single on the US Alternative Songs chart ("Last Train Home"), and several Kerrang! Awards and nominations.

In December 2012, Watkins was charged with multiple sexual offences against minors, infants and animals. Lostprophets cancelled all tour dates and disbanded in October 2013, before the end of Watkins's trial. Watkins pleaded guilty to several charges. In December 2013, he was sentenced to 29 years of imprisonment plus six years of extended supervision on licence. In June 2014, the remaining members joined American singer Geoff Rickly to form a new band, No Devotion.

History

Early years (1997–2000)
Lostprophets was formed by Ian Watkins and Lee Gaze in 1997 in Pontypridd, Wales, after their previous band Fleshbind disbanded. They could not find a singer, so Watkins decided he would switch from drums to be the frontman and they recruited Mike Chiplin on drums. Mike Lewis joined a few months later as bassist after the original bandmember left. Both Lewis and Watkins were also in Public Disturbance, until 1998 and 2000 respectively.

Lostprophets started out as part of the fledgling South Wales scene—playing gigs at venues across Wales including T.J.'s in Newport. From there, they went on to tour the UK circuit. The band recorded three demos during this time: Here comes the Party, Para Todas las Putas Celosas, which translates from Spanish as "For all the jealous whores", and The Fake Sound of Progress. These were produced by Stuart Richardson, who joined the band as bassist for the latter recording. Mike Lewis at this point switched to rhythm guitar. The Fake Sound of Progress also included the addition of DJ Stepzak, who would remain with the band for around a year. The first three tracks from their third demo were refined and re-recorded for the release of their debut album of the same name: the title track, "MOAC Supreme" and "Stopquote"—the latter two were renamed "A Thousand Apologies" and "Awkward", respectively. All of the EPs are out of print, and are very rare.

The band caught the attention of the two music publishers Kerrang! and Metal Hammer magazines both giving them glancing reviews. In 1999 they signed in with Independent label Visible Noise.

The Fake Sound of Progress (2000–2002)

The band's debut album The Fake Sound of Progress was released through Visible Noise in November. Recorded in less than two weeks for £4,000 the record drew on a wide range of influences. It would be re-released the following year through Columbia Records. Shortly after the completion of the album, DJ Stepzak decided he would not commit to the band and was replaced with musician Jamie Oliver, who was originally the band's photographer, but was told by the bands management that someone who wasn't part of the band or crew members couldn't join them on tour, so Oliver bought a set of turntables and quickly became the band's DJ.

The Fake Sound of Progress featured many references to 1980s pop-culture. In addition to the Duran Duran reference in the band's name, there was an image of Venger from the Dungeons & Dragons TV series on the album sleeve notes, as well as song titles like "Shinobi vs. Dragon Ninja" and "Kobrakai". The first song's title was a reference to the video games Shinobi and Bad Dudes vs. Dragon Ninja, while the second was an alternative spelling of Cobra Kai, the name of the karate dojo in the Karate Kid movies. Another reference is the use of the VF-1 Valkyrie in Battroid mode from the 1982 anime The Super Dimension Fortress Macross as part of the album illustration.

The band worked with producer Michael Barbiero to remaster the album, and this new remastered version of the album was released in November 2001. The album appears to have divided the band's existing fan base where the first accusations of selling out were levelled at the band from the underground music scene within which they achieved their first success.

During this period, Lostprophets built up a strong live following with support slots to popular acts such as Pitchshifter, Linkin Park and Deftones, as well as several headlining stints of their own. They also took part in the successful Nu-Titans tour with Defenestration among other new UK metal acts of the time. Co-headlining the 2002 Deconstruction Tour in London, supporting acts included Mighty Mighty Bosstones and the Mad Caddies. Lostprophets featured on a bill consisting of more traditionally punk oriented acts. This provoked hostility from certain members of the audience, who were upset at Lostprophets inclusion on such a bill. The band subsequently toured with Ozzfest, played at Glastonbury and the Reading and Leeds Festival. They also appeared on a number of TV shows, including Top of the Pops, CD:UK and Never Mind the Buzzcocks. They also performed as part of the 2002 NME Carling Awards tour.

Start Something (2003–2004)

After the extensive touring cycle for The Fake Sound of Progress finally ended, the band took a brief break before beginning the process of writing new material for Start Something at Frontline Studios in Caerphilly, Wales. They then entered Los Angeles's Barefoot Studio for a recording process that lasted from March until September 2003, with producer Eric Valentine. Valentine had previously produced albums for Queens of the Stone Age and Good Charlotte.

The first single released from the album was the song "Burn Burn", the music video for which began receiving heavy rotation on satellite and cable channels like MTV2, Kerrang! TV and Scuzz in the UK. The song attracted some criticism, however, as the opening bore a striking resemblance to "Mother Mary", a song from the band Far's Water and Solutions album. The band themselves even conceded in interviews that the singing pattern bore an undeniable similarity to the Adamski song "Killer".

"Burn Burn" was released on 3 November 2003, and was originally scheduled to be closely followed by the release of the album. The release of the album was delayed several times and a headlining tour of the UK, was also postponed during this time. The band rescheduled the cancelled UK shows, with the exception of their scheduled appearance at the Reading and Leeds Festivals, stating in magazine interviews that honouring those commitments would have meant leaving the recording studio while the album was only half completed.

The album's second single "Last Train Home" was released on 27 December 2003, and quickly became a smash hit worldwide. The single became the band's second single to chart in the United States, beating out fellow UK rock band The Darkness' single I Believe in a Thing Called Love (released in November 2003),  charting twelve spots higher on Billboard's Mainstream Rock charts upon release in December 2003. "Last Train Home" became the highest charting single in the United States from any UK artist released in 2003. The song further gained much popularity in the United States through radio airplay and the music video saw regular rotation on MTV, generating much anticipation for the album in America. The song would later be ranked #10 on Billboard's year-end rock charts in the United States.

The album was released in the UK on 2 February 2004, and was commercially successful, achieving number four in the UK Albums Chart and selling over 415,000 copies. The album has sold over 687,000 copies in the US alone according to Nielsen Soundscan although in a 2012 interview with Gigwise Lee Gaze stated it had sold 890,000 copies in the US. Worldwide the album has sold 2.5 million copies according to BBC Wales. The critical response from mainstream magazines was mostly positive, though the response from rock publications such as Kerrang!, Metal Hammer and Rock Sound was sometimes tepid. To promote the album, they toured North America, Europe and as part of the Big Day Out festival in Australia and New Zealand. The tour for this record culminated on 21 November 2004, at a sold-out show in Cardiff International Arena.

Liberation Transmission (2005–2007)

On 19 June 2005, founding member Mike Chiplin left the group to pursue other musical opportunities. Since then, he joined another band called The Unsung, and played with Accident Music until their split in 2011, which also featured Chris Morgan of Midasuno and former Funeral for a Friend guitarist Darran Smith. He has also opened up his own practice-studio for young people to start bands.

The remaining members began working on material for the next album. Due to the lengthy gap between The Fake Sound of Progress and Start Something, and the backlash that grew against the band because of it, the remaining band members stated in various interviews that they wanted to release their third album in early 2006. As with Start Something, the band wrote and recorded demo tracks for the album (with Ian Watkins playing the drums) in a UK recording studio before completing the album in America. Liberation Transmission was recorded in Hawaii, and saw the band work with Bob Rock. Drummer Josh Freese (of the Vandals and A Perfect Circle) recorded ten out of the twelve drum tracks for this album (Ilan Rubin recorded "Everybody's Screaming!!!" and "For All These Times Son, for All These Times").

The band returned to their roots, playing a series of small venues across South Wales. They also headlined Give It a Name, a two-day event with My Chemical Romance. These shows featured the first live appearance of then-17-year-old Ilan Rubin on drums and the live premiere of songs "Rooftops (A Liberation Broadcast)", "A Town Called Hypocrisy" and "The New Transmission". The album itself was released on 26 June 2006 (27 June in the US), and became the first Lostprophets album to reach number one on the UK Albums Chart. The album saw the band adopt a more contemporary sound with far less emphasis on screaming than previous releases (exceptions being songs "Everyday Combat" and "For All These Times Son, for All These Times").

Lostprophets began a full-fledged UK tour on 3 July 2006. As with their warm-up gigs prior to the album's release, the band selected South Wales-based support bands for this tour. The band followed this with another UK tour in November, and then followed their UK dates with a European tour in France, Germany, and several other countries. The main support for this was the Blackout. They returned to the UK for an Arena tour in April 2007, from 18 April to 22nd. The scheduled venues were: Glasgow (SECC); Manchester (MEN Arena); Birmingham (NIA) & London (Wembley Arena). Lostprophets also played at the Full Ponty festival in Wales on 26 May 2007. The support acts included Paramore and the Blackout. The album has sold over 625,000 copies worldwide.

The Betrayed (2007–2010)

Writing and recording the band's fourth studio album began in early 2007. Originally the band stated that they wanted the album released in 2007; however, due to both touring and being unhappy with the results of their work in the studio, the band did not keep to their original release plan. Despite recording an entire album's worth of material with producer John Feldmann, this work was shelved in favour of material they later recorded and produced themselves, with recording sessions for what would later be known as The Betrayed beginning in November 2008. Consequently, the album was not released until 13 January 2010, where it reached a peak of 3 on the UK Albums Chart.

Throughout the earlier part of 2008, the band performed several dates, including Download Festival which they headlined on the Sunday night, V Festival and Rock am Ring and Rock im Park, as well as a small number of performances around the UK. They also headlined the NME/Radio 1 tent at 2009's Reading and Leeds Festival.

The band claimed that The Betrayed is "by far the finest, darkest and most real album" of their career. Originally, Ian Watkins stated he wanted the new album to be "nastier" and "darker" than previous efforts, with more energy and vibe than before. In a blog post, guitarist Mike Lewis suggested that Ilan Rubin (who subsequently left the band to join Nine Inch Nails) was very much a large part of the writing/recording process. Following Rubin's departure, Luke Johnson of Beat Union was officially announced as the band's new drummer in August 2009. During this time, Kerrang! published a "world exclusive" article on Lostprophets, revealing the album's title, and its release date of January 2010. In a later interview with Kerrang in early 2009, Watkins stated that the record was "the most honest album" the band has ever done, and that overall the record was "a lot grittier and sleazier", while also stating that did not mean "it won't be catchy", but that it would not be done "in such a twee way". When speaking about what the record would sound like, Jamie Oliver stated that he felt it had "the bite that Start Something had, with the song-ability of Liberation Transmission but personality of The Fake Sound of Progress".

The first single from the new album, "It's Not the End of the World, But I Can See It from Here", was aired for the first time on BBC Radio 1 on 19 August. It was subsequently released on 12 October 2009 and reached No. 16 on the Official UK chart. This was followed by "Where We Belong", which was released on 4 January 2010.

The band commenced their UK tour with support from Kids in Glass Houses, Hexes, We are the Ocean, and Sharks, in February 2010. The Doncaster date to the UK tour was cancelled and refunded, but no reason was given for the cancellation. The Port Talbot date of the tour was postponed and moved to a different venue due to a fire at the Afan Lido leisure centre. The show took place on 1 May at the Cardiff International Arena. Lostprophets confirmed that they would tour Australia. The tour took place on 27 March 2010 at The Roundhouse, NSW, Sydney. The band also played at the 2010 Reading and Leeds Festival.

Stuart Richardson commented in 2019 that "towards the end of 2009–2011 we realised Ian had a depressingly sad drug addiction. It just snuck up on us".

Weapons (2011–2012)

In early 2011, the band rented a house in Norfolk that served as their studio while composing a demo and pre-producing for a new album. The band was also featured on British rapper/producer Labrinth's album in late 2011.

In August 2011, the band went on a short UK tour, with dates in Cardiff, Bournemouth, Oxford and Norwich, as well as the two V Festival dates, and an additional appearance at the Sziget Festival in Budapest, Hungary. During this short tour, the band debuted live a new song from the upcoming album, tentatively titled "Bring 'Em Down".

The band's fifth studio album, Weapons, was released through Epic Records on 2 April 2012, leaving their long-time served record Visible Noise. Supported by a subsequent tour in the UK. Weapons was produced by Ken Andrews at NRG Recording Studios in Hollywood, California. The band released a teaser track in anticipation of their new album entitled "Better Off Dead" in January 2012, though it was confirmed the song is not an official single. The band played at Australia's Soundwave festival in February 2012 before heading back to the UK for an extensive tour in support of the new album in April and May supported by Modestep. The band's first official single of the album, "Bring 'em Down", was released on 6 February 2012, after debuting on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 show.

On 9 April, Lostprophets announced that they had signed to Fearless Records and would release Weapons in the United States on 19 June 2012. Lostprophets played in the Cardiff Motorpoint Arena on 28 April to promote their new album Weapons, and played their second studio album Start Something in its entirety. This show turned out to be a complete disaster for the band; Stuart Richardson commented in 2019 that Watkins "didn't move for the whole set" and that he "sung the wrong words". This led to the band staging an intervention with Watkins, telling him that if he didn't clean up his act he would be fired. They were extremely frustrated with him following this performance and even considered disbanding entirely as a result of it. Watkins checked into rehab during a two-month break in the band's touring.

Lostprophets played select shows in Vans Warped Tour 2012, playing from 12 July through 5 August. Watkins relapsed into drug use during this tour and missed a show, leading to the band having to perform a set with Jamie Oliver on lead vocals. Watkins' temporary absence from the tour led to Stuart Richardson having a violent altercation with him.

The band toured the UK extensively again in November 2012 to coincide with a headline performance at the Vans Warped Tour 2012 UK. They performed what would eventually become their final show at the Newport Centre, Newport, Wales on 14 November 2012.

Three videos were released from Weapons. On 3 December 2012, Watkins tweeted, "En route to the big smoke to shoot our new musical video".  When the band had previously debuted "Bring 'em down" on Zane Lowe's show in February, Watkins stated that the fourth single was to be a "power ballad". However, a finished video was never released.

Watkins's arrest and band's breakup (2012–2013)
On 19 December 2012, Watkins was charged with thirteen sexual offences against children, including the attempted rape of a one-year-old girl. Watkins originally denied the charges. The other band members posted a message on their website stating that they were "learning about the details of the investigation along with you" and concluding: "It is a difficult time for us and our families, and we want to thank our fans for their support as we seek answers." They subsequently cancelled all tour dates.

On 1 October 2013, Lostprophets announced that they were disbanding "after nearly a year of coming to terms with our heartache". The post was signed by all members of the band except Watkins. On 30 November, the members released a lengthy statement in response to Watkins pleading guilty to attempted rape and sexual assault of a child under 13, stating that they were "heartbroken, angry, and disgusted". They stated that they had been unaware of his crimes, and that though working with him had become "a constant, miserable challenge", they had "never imagined him capable of behaviour of the type he has now admitted". They urged any other victims to contact the authorities. On 18 December 2013, Watkins was sentenced to 29 years in prison, plus six years on extended licence, with a possibility of parole after serving two-thirds of his sentence.

Immediately after Watkins was sentenced, the BBC banned the entire Lostprophets back catalogue from being played on their stations.

Aftermath (2014–present)

On 25 April 2014, it was confirmed by ex-Thursday frontman Geoff Rickly that he would be working with the remaining band-members on their new project, from a record label perspective through his own label, Collect Records, as a producer and also joining them as a vocalist. Rickly regarded their new material as having influences from Joy Division, New Order and The Cure. It was announced the new band would be called No Devotion and they released their first and second singles, "Stay", and "Eyeshadow", on 1 July 2014.

In December 2015, media reported that Lostprophets had released a new single, "I Knew You Were Trouble", which was delivered to the streaming website Spotify, but the recording was actually the original version by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was subsequently removed from the site after three days.

In November 2016, it was reported that Watkins' Twitter account had become active again, new clips of music had surfaced via two SoundCloud accounts ("L'Amour La Morgue" and "Megalelz") that were reportedly attributed to him and that Lostprophets' website had been changed to a single page that described them as "The Straight Edge British Metal Band". The site domain has since become inactive. No further activity has since been spotted from Watkins' accounts.

Musical style and lyrical themes
Lostprophets were most commonly termed nu metal and alternative metal. However, a wide variety of genres have been noted in their music, with other genre-tags applied to the band including post-grunge, alternative rock, hard rock, rap rock, heavy metal, post-hardcore, pop-punk, and pop metal. Their music is termed an aggressive style of rock, blending strong driving guitars, groove and bounce, and pop elements and accessibility.

The punk side to the band's music has been noted, again specifically of the pop variety. The influence of heavy metal on their music is also noted, although this varies from song to song. Their music has been praised as powerful, combining softer melodies with an aggressive edge, with screamed vocals and catchy riffs, while some have also stated it has a derivative, formulaic or forgettable nature.

Watkins's lyrics range from sombre to aggressive, and have been described as often conveying a feeling of disillusionment with topics such as relationships or social groups, albeit frequently delivered in a rousing manner even when this is the case.

Band members

Final lineup
 Ian Watkins – lead vocals (1997–2012); keyboards, turntables (1997–1999)
 Lee Gaze – lead guitar, backing vocals (1997–2013)
 Mike Lewis – rhythm guitar (1998–2013), backing vocals (1997–2013); bass (1997–1998)
 Stuart Richardson – bass, backing vocals (1998–2013)
 Jamie Oliver – vocals, keyboards, synth, piano, turntables, samples (2000–2013)
 Luke Johnson – drums, percussion (2009–2013)

Former members
 Mike Chiplin – drums, percussion (1997–2005)
 DJ Stepzak – synth, turntables, samples (1999–2000)
 Ilan Rubin – drums, percussion (2006–2008)

Timeline

Discography

 The Fake Sound of Progress (2000)
 Start Something (2004)
 Liberation Transmission (2006)
 The Betrayed (2010)
 Weapons (2012)

Awards
Lostprophets had the most success at the Kerrang! Awards and Pop Factory Awards, winning six awards at both. Kerrang! Awards include: Best British Newcomer (2001), Best Single (2004) for the song "Last Train Home", Best Album (2006) for the album Liberation Transmission, Best British Band (2006 and 2007) and The Classic Songwriter Award (2010). Pop Factory Awards include: Best Live Act (2001 and 2006), Best Welsh Act (2004, 2005 and 2006) and Best Album (2006) for the album Liberation Transmission. They also won one award at the NME Awards for Best Metal Act (2002). Lostprophets were also nominated for seven other Kerrang! Awards.

Kerrang! awards

|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2001 || Lostprophets|| Best British Newcomer ||
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| 2004 || "Last Train Home" || Best Single ||
|-
| Start Something|| Best Album ||
|-
| Lostprophets || Best British Band ||
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| 2006 || Liberation Transmission || Best Album||
|-
| Lostprophets|| Best British Band ||
|-
| "Rooftops (A Liberation Broadcast)"|| Best Videoclip ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2007 || Lostprophets|| Best British Band ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2008 || Lostprophets|| Best British Band ||
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| 2010 || Lostprophets|| Best British Band ||
|-
| It's Not the End of the World, But I Can See It from Here|| Best Video ||
|-
| Lostprophets|| The Classic Songwriter Award ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2012 || Lostprophets|| Best British Band ||
|}

NME Awards

|-
|   2002 || Lostprophets || Best Metal Act ||
|}

Pop-Factory-Awards

|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2002 ||rowspan="5"| Lostprophets || Best Live Act ||
|-
|2004 ||rowspan="3"| Best Welsh Act ||
|-
|2005 ||
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| 2006 ||
|-
| Best Live Act ||
|-
| Liberation Transmission || Best Album ||
|}

References

External links

1997 establishments in Wales
2013 disestablishments in Wales
British alternative metal musical groups
British nu metal musical groups
British post-grunge groups
Fearless Records artists
Kerrang! Awards winners
Megaforce Records artists
Musical groups disestablished in 2013
Musical groups established in 1997
Pontypridd
Welsh alternative rock groups
Welsh hard rock musical groups
Cool Cymru

Lostprophets


Smilax canariensis es una especie de planta trepadora perteneciente a la familia  Smilacaceae, es originaria de Macaronesia.

Descripción
Smilax canariensis es un endemismo macaronésico, que vive en Canarias y en Madeira. Se trata de una planta lianoide, leñosa, con tallos espinosos y hojas alternas, ovadas, cuneiformes o truncadas en la base, con bordes no espinosos y con zarcillos que nacen de las vainas estipulares. Las flores son unisexuales y se disponen en glomérulos umbeliformes a lo largo de un eje. Los frutos son bayas que adquieren una tonalidad rojiza.

Taxonomía
Smilax canariensis fue descrita por Carl Ludwig Willdenow y publicado en Species Plantarum 4: 784, en el año 1806.
Etimología
Smilax, nombre clásico de varias plantas trepadoras volubles.

canariensis, epíteto que significa: del archipiélago canario, en su sentido más amplio.
Nombre común
Se conoce como "zarzaparrilla canaria".
Sinonimia
 Smilax divaricata Sol. ex H.C.Watson
 Smilax latifolia Sol. ex Lowe
 Smilax rubra Link

Referencias

Enlaces externos

canariensis

Smilax canariensis


باربرا Barbara فيلم رومانسي كوميدي أرجنتيني من إنتاج عام 1980، بطولة الإيطالية رافائيلا كارا.

قصة الفيلم: باربرا نجمة إيطالية تأتي إلى الأرجنتين في جولة، وتقع في غرام مصور فوتوغرافي أرجنتيني اسمه ماورو.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أفلام أرجنتينية
أفلام إنتاج 1980
أفلام باللغة الإسبانية
أفلام باللغة الإسبانية في عقد 1980
أفلام تقع أحداثها في بوينس آيرس
أفلام دراما كوميدية إنتاج عقد 1980
أفلام درامية 1980
أفلام كوميديا درامية 1980
أفلام كوميديا درامية أرجنتينية
أفلام كوميدية 1980
أفلام مصورة في بيونس آيرس
أفلام أرجنتينية في عقد 1980

باربرا (فيلم أرجنتيني)


Hrvatski kup u kuglanju za muškarce u sezoni 2016./17. je osvojio "Mertojak" iz Splita.
Kup je igran na proljeće 2017. godine a prethodili su mu kupovi po županijskim i regionalnim savezima.

Rezultati

Osmina završnice

Četvrtzavršnica

Završni turnir
Igrano 3. i 4. lipnja 2017. u Rijeci u kuglani "SRC Mlaka".

Povezani članci
 Kup Hrvatske u kuglanju za muškarce
 Hrvatska kuglačka liga za muškarce 2016./17.

Vanjske poveznice
 kuglanje.hr, Hrvatski kuglački savez
 kuglacki-savez-os.hr, Kuglački savez Osječko-baranjske županije

Izvori
 kuglanje.hr, Bilten , pristupljeno 1. travnja 2019.
 kuglacki-savez-os.hr, Rezultati, pristupljeno 1. travnja 2019.
 kuglanje.hr, EKIPNI KUP REPUBLIKE HRVATSKE za 2016./2017. godinu - MUŠKARCI , preuzeto 1. travnja 2019.
 kuglacki-savez-os.hr, Kup Republike Hrvatske - 2017. - muškarci, preuzeto 1. travnja 2019.

2016-17 kup M

Kup Hrvatske u kuglanju za muškarce 2016./17.


Isaac Tutumlu Lopez (* 5. Juli 1985 in Barcelona) ist ein spanisch-türkischer Autorennfahrer mit kurdischer Abstammung. Er tritt 2012 im Porsche Supercup an.

Karriere
Tutumlu begann seine Motorsportkarriere 2002 im Kartsport, in dem er bis 2006 aktiv war. 2007 wechselte er in den Tourenwagensport und wurde 30. der spanischen MitJet Series. 2008 gewann er die Catalunya Touring Car Championship. 2009 nahm er nur an einzelnen Rennen teil. Er wurde Achter in der Super-GT-Wertung der spanischen GT-Meisterschaft. Außerdem startete er in der International GT Open sowie im deutschen Porsche Carrera Cup und absolvierte fünf Gaststarts im Porsche Supercup. Nach einer einjährigen Pause nahm Tutumlu 2011 erneut an einigen Rennserien teil. Unter anderem startete er für Campos Racing zu sechs Rennen der Superstars Series. Ein elfter Platz war seine beste Platzierung. Wie 2009 absolvierte er erneut Gaststarts im Porsche Supercup.

2012 wechselte Tutumlu zunächst in die Tourenwagen-Weltmeisterschaft (WTCC) zu Proteam Racing. Nach dem vierten Rennwochenende, an dem er trotz Meldung wegen eines Totalschadens am Auto nicht teilnahm, verließ Tutumlu die WTCC. Laut eigenen Aussagen hatte er bei jeder Veranstaltung technische Probleme. Ein elfter Platz war sein bestes Resultat. Tutumlu kehrte anschließend in den Porsche Supercup zurück, wo er zum zweiten Rennwochenende in die Serie einstieg.

Persönliches
Tutumlu hat kurdische Vorfahren. Sein Vater stammt aus der südostanatolischen Stadt Diyarbakir und seine Mutter ist Spanierin.

Er startet überwiegend als Isaac Tutumlu mit spanischer Lizenz. In den Porsche-Markenpokalen trat er 2009 als Isaac Tutumlu Lopez mit türkischer Lizenz an.

Karrierestationen

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website von Isaac Tutumlu (englisch, russisch, spanisch)
 Karrierestatistik von Isaac Tutumlu (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Rennfahrer (Spanien)
Rennfahrer (Türkei)
Sportler (Barcelona)
Spanier
Türke
Kurde
Geboren 1985
Mann

Isaac Tutumlu


Sophrone III d'Alexandrie est un  patriarche melkite d'Alexandrie vers  1137 à 1171

Contexte
Sophrone III succède peut-être à un certain Théodose II dont on ne sait rien. Il est présent à Constantinople lors du couronnement de l'Empereur byzantin Manuel Comnène. Selon Jean Cinnamus, en 1161 il est également parmi les prélats qui assistent au mariage du même souverain avec Marie d'Antioche.

Notes et références

Bibliographie

Patriarche orthodoxe d'Alexandrie du XIIe siècle

Sophrone III d'Alexandrie


An Scuticaria bahiensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni K.L.Davies ngan Stpiczynska. An Scuticaria bahiensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Scuticaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Scuticaria (Orchidaceae)

Scuticaria bahiensis


Martinija (lat. Martynia),  biljni rod iz porodice martinijevki. Dvije vrste u njemu su M. annua iz Srednje i Antila i M. palmeri s poluotoka California. M. annua uvezena je i u neke tropske države Afrike i Azije.

Biljka je ljekovita, a u Indiji gdje se naturalizirala tradicionalni iscjelitelji koriste je u liječenju epilepsije, upale grla, opekotina, svrbeža, tuberkuloze i drugih bolesti.

M. annua sadrži alkaloide, tanine, saponine, glikozide, flavonoide, antocijanine, aminokiseline, steroide i fenole.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Martynia annua L. lucidcentral.org

Martinijevke

Martinija


Vea es una cadena de supermercados argentina, originaria de la Provincia de Mendoza.

Dueños y orientación en el mercado
Es propiedad de la empresa chilena Cencosud, que además es dueña de hipermercados Jumbo y supermercados Disco. A diferencia de estas dos últimas, que se orientan a la calidad de servicio, Vea se centra en ofrecer precios bajos.

Distribución y presencia
Posee 183 tiendas ubicadas en todo el ámbito de la Argentina, a excepción de las provincias de Formosa, La Pampa, Misiones, Santa Cruz y Tierra del Fuego.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web oficial
 Cencosud

Supermercados de Argentina
Cencosud
Tiendas de descuento
Empresas de la provincia de Mendoza

Vea (supermercado)


Battle of the Bastards er det niende afsnit af sjette sæson i serien Game of Thrones, hvor Jon Snow og Sansa Stark står overfor Ramsay Bolton i Winterfell. Daenerys Targaryen går til modangreb på sine fjender. Theon og Yara ankommer i Meereen.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger
Seriens danske websted

Episoder af Game of Thrones

Battle of the Bastards


جمع سكاني}}
الوفرة منطقة تقع في أقصى جنوب محافظة الأحمدي في الكويت. وهي منطقة زراعية وتمتاز بالمياه الجوفية الفوارة وهي جنوب دولة الكويت وهي على خط الحدود الكويتية السعودية. الوفرة بالإضافة للعبدلي تعتبران الركائز الأساسية للمحصول الزراعي المحلي لدولة الكويت. و تنقسم إلى اثنتين الوفرة السكنية و الوفرة الزراعية و السكنية إلى اثنين أيضا الوفرة القائم.

وبها 370 وحدة منها 346 وحدة سكنية بمساحة 600 م2 و 24 وحدة سكنية بمساحة 400 م2 ذات موقع مميز، و تم توزيعها في شهر مارس من العام 2015 و بناءها من قبل العديد الموزع عليهم.

اما خدمات الوفرة القائم تشتمل على 7 مدارس و 2 مسجد و سوق مركزي و مركز صحي و مركز شرطة و فرع غاز.

والقسم الآخر هي توسعة الوفرة و قد بدء توزيعها في آخر اسبوع من شهر مارس وانتهى توزيعها بالإسبوع الثاني من شهر أبريل من العام 2015 لكنها لم تسلم فعليا حتى شهر مارس من العام 2017 لعدم الانتهاء من بنيتها التحتية، وبها 2426 وحدة سكنية بمساحة 600 م2 و 12 مدرسة و 16 مسجد ومركز ضاحية ومجمع حكومي ومركز إطفاء و 9 مجموعة محلات ومخفر شرطة ومركز صحي وفرع غاز، وبسبب عدم بدء عمل الخدمات السكنية في الوفرة القائم وتوسعة الوفرة يجتمع أهاليها من حين إلى آخر لعقد اجتماعات لحل ما لم يكتمل في منطقة الوفرة السكنية، و هي آخر توزيع بمساحة 600 م2 من وزارة الإسكان.

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في الكويت
الزراعة في آسيا

الوفرة


Dresorul de țestoase  (în ) este o pictură realizată de Osman Hamdi Bey în două versiuni în anii 1906 și 1907. A fost vândută în anul 2004 pentru suma de 3,5 milioane de dolari și este expusă în prezent la Muzeul Pera din Istanbul.

În Dresorul de țestoase, Osman Hamdi Bey satirizează încercările lente și ineficiente de reformare a Imperiului Otoman, prin încercările unui personaj istoric anacronic de a dresa niște broaște țestoase. Pictura înfățișează un bărbat în vârstă îmbrăcat în haine tradiționale religioase otomane, costum care precede introducerea fezului și răspândirea stilului de îmbrăcăminte vestic odată cu reformele Tanzimatului de la mijlocul secolului al XIX-lea. Dresorul are un flaut tradițional cu care încearcă să le "dreseze" pe broaștele țestoase aflate la picioarele lui.

Context istoric
Osman Hamdi Bey a creat pictura într-un moment de mari tulburări politice și sociale din Imperiul Otoman. Reformele introduse de către sultanul Abdul-Hamid al II-lea fie s-au dovedit ineficiente, fie au dus la creșterea tulburărilor. Imperiul Otoman, care mai cuprindea părți ale Peninsulei Balcanice, părți din Africa de Nord, din Anatolia și Levant și o mare parte din Peninsula Arabică, se afla la intrarea în secolul al XX-lea sub amenințări serioase atât din cauza creșterii mișcărilor naționaliste de pe teritoriul său, cât și a incursiunilor puterilor străine care, în cele din urmă, au împărțit imperiul între ele în perioada de după Primul Război Mondial.

Deși nu s-a văzut la momentul respectiv sau nu s-a înțeles în acele timpuri, pictura a avut o mai mare importanță în următoarele decenii, precedând Revoluția Junilor Turci din 1908, care a dus la sfârșitul conducerii autocrate a sultanului (înlocuit de regimul celor Trei Pași după Lovitura de stat otomană din 1913) și a pregătit scena pentru intrarea imperiului în Primul Război Mondial de partea Puterilor Centrale și pentru împărțirea sa ulterioară.

Picturi din 1907

Dresorul de țestoase


Aderus armipes é uma espécie de inseto besouro da família Aderidae. Foi descrita cientificamente por Léon Fairmaire em 1896.

Distribuição geográfica
Habita na Índia.

Referências

armipes
Coleópteros da Índia
Insetos descritos em 1896
Espécies descritas por Léon Fairmaire

Aderus armipes


Sirija
 Quneitra, razoreni grad na Golanskoj visoravni
 Quneitra (nahija)
 Quneitra (okrug)
 Quneitra (pokrajina)

Quneitra (razdvojba)


Sorhagenia rhamniella ist ein Schmetterling (Nachtfalter) aus der Familie der Chrysopeleiidae.

Merkmale
Die Falter erreichen eine Flügelspannweite von 9 bis 11 Millimeter. Der Kopf ist bräunlich grau und hellgrau gesprenkelt. Der Thorax ist bräunlich grau und hat an der Seite hinten zwei Schuppenbüschel. Die Vorderflügel sind bräunlich grau und unmittelbar an der Basis dunkel graubraun. Es sind vier dunkelbraune Schuppenbüschel angelegt, das erste befindet sich zwischen der Analfalte und dem Flügelinnenrand bei 1/4 der Vorderflügellänge. Das zweite ist am größten und liegt oberhalb der Analfalte in der Flügelmitte. Die Schuppen sind hier teilweise grau oder haben graue Spitzen. Das dritte Büschel liegt zwischen Analfalte und Flügelinnenrand etwas außerhalb der Flügelmitte. Das vierte Büschel befindet sich oberhalb des Innenwinkels bei 3/4 der Vorderflügellänge. Bei 3/4 der Vorderflügellänge befindet sich eine ockerbraune, undeutliche, knieförmige Binde. Ein großer undeutlicher hellgrauer Fleck reicht vom ersten Drittel des Vorderflügels bis zum zweiten und dritten Schuppenbüschel. Er reicht nicht bis zur Costalader. Der Apex ist mit einer Reihe kleiner dunkelbrauner Schuppenbüschel versehen. Die Hinterflügel sind dunkelgrau.

Bei den Männchen ist der Uncus kurz und am Apex stumpf. Die Valven sind einschließlich des Cucullus und der Ampulla gleich lang. Die Ampulla ist keulenförmig, der Sacculus verjüngt sich distal und ist deutlich länger als Cucullus und Ampulla. Die Costa ist mit einem quadratischen und stark sklerotisierten Fortsatz versehen. Die Juxta ist trapezförmig, das Vinculum ist quadratisch. Der Aedeagus ist kurz und hat einen verdickten Coecum penis, der sich distal allmählich verjüngt.

Bei den Weibchen ist der distale Rand des Ostiums gebogen. Die seitlichen Vorwölbungen der Genitalplatte sind an der Basis schmal und weiten sich distal stark. Sie sind an der breitesten Stelle mit einem Grat versehen. Das Antrum weitet sich leicht in Richtung Ductus bursae. Der Ductus bursae ist parallelwandig und mehr als doppelt so lang wie das Antrum. Das Corpus bursae ist rund, die Signa haben in der Mitte einen kräftigen Dorn.

Die Raupen sind weißlich, der Kopf und das Nackenschild sind bräunlich. Ein grauer, durchscheinender Fleck befindet sich an Mesonotum und Epinotum.

Ähnliche Arten
Ähnliche Arten sind Sorhagenia reconditella, Sorhagenia lophyrella, Sorhagenia janiszewskae, Sorhagenia fibigeri und Sorhagenia taurensis. Die Unterscheidungsmerkmale dieser Arten zu Sorhagenia rhamaniella werden in den jeweiligen Artartikeln behandelt.

Verbreitung
Sorhagenia rhamniella ist in Europa, Kleinasien und Zentralasien verbreitet.

Biologie
Die Raupen entwickeln sich an Faulbaum (Frangula alnus), Purgier-Kreuzdorn (Rhamnus cathartica) und Alpen-Kreuzdorn (Rhamnus alpina). Sie leben von Anfang Mai bis Juni in einem lockeren Gespinst zwischen den Blüten und fressen an den Blüten und Samenkapseln. Seltener werden auch junge Blätter gefressen.  fand die Raupen auch an jungen Trieben und zusammengesponnenen Blättern. Die Raupen verpuppen sich in einem hellgelben Kokon auf Geröll, selten zwischen Blättern. Die Art bildet eine Generation im Jahr. Die Falter fliegen von Mitte April bis Mitte August.

Systematik
Es sind folgende Synonyme bekannt:

 Elachista rhamniella , 1839
 Anacampsis asperipunctella , 1851
 Blastodacna rhamniella

Belege

Weblinks
 Lepiforum e. V. Erstbeschreibung, Taxonomie und Fotos
 Guide to the moths of Great Britain and Ireland. Fotos (englisch)

Chrysopeleiidae
Chrysopeleiidae (Familie)

Sorhagenia rhamniella


17807 Ericpearce este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
17807 Ericpearce este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Stația Anderson Mesa în cadrul programului LONEOS. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,72 ua, o excentricitate de 0,13 și o înclinație de 18,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 17001-18000
 Centura de asteroizi

Note

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1998
Centura de asteroizi

17807 Ericpearce


Tui, İspanya'nın kuzeybatısında bulunan Galiçya özerk bölgesinin Pontevedra eyaletine bağlı bulunan belediyesi. 2005 yılı sayımına göre nüfusu; 16.680 kişidir.

İspanya-Portekiz sınırı
Pontevedra belediyeleri

Tui (kent)


خليهن ولد الرشيد، (مواليد نوفمبر 1951، العيون) هو سياسي مغربي، يشغل حاليا منصب رئيس المجلس الملكي الاستشاري للشؤون الصحراوية الذي عينه فيه الملك محمد السادس.

سيرة ذاتية
تابع خليهن ولد الرشيد الذي ينحدر من أسرة كبيرة من قبيلة الركيبات الصحراوية دراساته العليا في مدريد قبل أن يقرر المغرب إطلاق المسيرة الخضراء في نوفمبر 1975 التي أدت إلى استرجاع الأقاليم الجنوبية. وكان خليهن ولد الرشيد أحد المساعدين المقربين من الملك الحسن الثاني خلال الاستعدادات الإستراتيجية والسياسية والدبلوماسية والأمنية للمسيرة. وقد انسحبت إسبانيا من الأقاليم الصحراوية في عام 1975. عندما أعلن خليهن ولد الرشيد ولاءه لملك المغرب، كلفه عاهل البلاد بحشد الجهود للمصادقة على اتفاق مدريد في الأمم المتحدة.

وفي عهد الحسن الثاني، تم تعيين خليهن ولد الرشيد وزيرا للشؤون الصحراوية في عام 1977 إلى عام 1995 على عهد حكومة العمراني الثالثة. وفي عام 1977، انتخب نائبا برلمانيا عن مدينة العيون، وأصبح عضوا في اللجنة والمجلس التنفيذي التابعين لحزب التجمع الوطني للأحرار الذي غادره مطلع عام 1981 للمشاركة في تأسيس الحزب الوطني الديمقراطي. وشغل خليهن ولد الرشيد كذلك منصب رئيس المجلس البلدي لمدينة العيون منذ عام 1983. كما قاد عدة بعثات دبلوماسية ملكية إلى الأمم المتحدة ومنظمة دول عدم الانحياز ومنظمة الوحدة الأفريقية.
وفي عام 2000، كلفه الملك محمد السادس بالمشاركة في المفاوضات التي قادها جيمس بيكر في لندن وبرلين. وفي 25 مارس 2006، عينه عاهل البلاد رئيسا المجلس الملكي الاستشاري للشؤون الصحراوية

الأسرة
شقيقه مولاي حمدي ولد الرشيد يشغل منصب رئيس بلدية مدينة العيون منذ نجاحه في الانتخابات الجماعية عام 2009.

مراجع

انظر أيضا
المملكة المغربية.

ببليوغرافيا
"الشخصيات الخمسين التي تصنع المغرب: خليهن. 57 سنة، رئيس المجلس الملكي الاستشاري للشؤون الصحراوية"، جون أفريك عدد 2545-2546 من 18-31 أكتوبر 2009، ص .36

رابط خارجي
 الموقع الرسمي للمجلس الملكي الاستشاري للشؤون الصحراوية.

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء برلمان المغرب
سياسيو حزب التجمع الوطني للأحرار
سياسيون مغاربة
مواليد 1371 هـ
مواليد 1951
مواليد في العيون (مدينة)

خليهن ولد الرشيد


An Anadelphia liebigiana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Hildemar Wolfgang Scholz. An Anadelphia liebigiana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Anadelphia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Anadelphia

Anadelphia liebigiana


Ruralna cjelina Zaraće, ruralna cjelina u sklopu sela Zaraća (Zoraća), područje Grada Hvara.

Povijest
Zaraće, zbijeno selo smješteno na blagoj osojnoj padini, od 15. stoljeća naziva se suburbijem Hvara i jedini je hvarski suburbij koji je ostao u svom prvotnom organizacijskom obliku - nema crkvu, groblje, središnji javni prostor. Objekti javne namjene su bunar s naplovom, zgrada škole i lambik za preradu lavande. Stambeno-gospodarske kuće su zidane grubo obrađenim kamenom obilno povezanim vapnenim mortom, kamenu ploču kao izvorni pokrov vremenom je zamijenila kupa kanalica i utoreni crijep. Gospodarske prizemnice su se koristile kao staje, konobe ili za krušne peći, a njihovi dvostrešni ili jednostrešni krovovi pokriveni su kamenom pločom. Sačuvani su tijesci za grožđe i masline i brojne gustirne.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-4637 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - kulturno-povijesna cjelina, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "kulturno-povijesna cjelina".

Izvori

Zaštićene ruralne cjeline u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Hvar

Zaraće (ruralna cjelina)


Mubareć ili mubarek (koji je sretan, blagoslovljen, onaj koji je beskrajno dobre i plemenite naravi, sretno!, čestitam!;  ← arap. mubāräk), pojam u islamu. U osnovi značenje riječi mubareć (mubarek) jest razvijanje, povećavanje, sreća, blagodat, blagostanje i od istog su korijena riječi tebrik i tebareke. U Kuranu važni pojmovi oslovljeni su riječju mubarek, dajući im na važnosti i težini. Prvo je dova za povećanje i sreću, a drugo je lijepo Alahovo ime, smatrati svetim, uzvišenim. Davajući nečemu obilježje mubareća znači posvjedočiti da je u tome Alahov blagoslov te da je Alahovom voljom drugačije od ostalog. Mubarećem se naziva ono što s malo daje mnogo, više od očekivana. Najčešće se riječ prevodi blagoslovom ali riječ je šireg značenja od riječi blagoslovljen/a. Mubarekom su u Kuranu imenovani drvo masline, Ćaba, Isa, voda, planina Sinaj, islamski pozdrav, noć u kojoj je počelo objavljivanje Kurana.

Izvori

Islam

Mubareć


Campanula parryi er tegund af klukkuætt (Campanulaceae), ættuð frá NV og Mið-Bandaríkjunum.

Tilvísanir

Bláklukkur

Campanula parryi


Beowulf es un sistema de cómputo paralelo basado en clusters de ordenadores personales conectados a través de redes informáticas estándar, sin el uso de equipos desarrollados específicamente para la computación paralela.

Fue desarrollado por primera vez en 1994 por Donald Becker y Thomas Sterling en la NASA, agruparon 16 procesadores Intel DX4 de 100 MHz, los interconectaron con tecnología Ethernet a 10 Mbps, en equipo viejos con Linux instalado como sistema operativo, pero más tarde se continuó el desarrollo una comunidad internacional interesados en la computación científica.

Un cluster Beowulf es por lo general un grupo de computadoras compatibles con IBM, que utiliza software de código abierto. Para que un grupo de computadoras pueda ser considerado un "Beowulf" deben cumplir ciertos requisitos como, contar con un monitor y un teclado.

Breve Historia del origen de los Clusters- Beowulf
En 1994 bajo el patrocinio del proyecto ESS del Centro de la Excelencia en Ciencias de los Datos y de la Información del Espacio (CESDIS), Thomas Sterling y Don Becker crearon el primer cluster Beowulf con fines de investigación, bajo el patrocinio del Proyecto Earth and Space Sciences construyeron un cluster de 16 procesadores DX4, conectados por un canal Ethernet a 10 Mbps, al que llamaron Beowulf. En ese tiempo, los procesadores eran demasiado rápidos para las tarjetas de red y los equipos de comunicación. En busca de una solución a este problema, Becker modificó los controladores de las tarjetas Ethernet para el sistema operativo Linux, con el fin de crear uno que permitiera distribuir el tráfico de la red en dos o más tarjetas, con la finalidad de balancear el sistema. Migrar a otros protocolos de red más eficientes, implicaba costos muy elevados. Proporcionar a los usuarios sistemas consistentes, básicamente, en componentes que se tienen a disposición o que pueden conseguirse fácilmente en el mercado cibernético abriendo la posibilidad de satisfacer las necesidades de cómputo paralelo, tuvo un gran éxito, que la idea se propagó rápidamente a través de la NASA y los grupos académico y científico. La aceptación inmediata dio origen al proyecto Beowulf.

En aquella época fue necesario realizar este proceso porque se contaba con una red de 10 Mbps y un protocolo de comunicación Ethernet. Migrar a otros protocolos de red más eficientes, implicaba costos muy elevados. Afortunadamente contamos en la actualidad con equipos de comunicación rápidos y económicos, con una aceptación de protocolos más eficaces, tales como el Fast Ethernet.

Gracias a estas configuraciones, las universidades con recursos limitados y sin acceso a una supercomputadora, encontraron una excelente opción de acceso al cómputo de alto rendimiento, para trabajar problemas científicos complejos que utilizan programas o códigos paralelos. Esto se debe a que hoy en día se puede contar con diferentes componentes computacionales a precios accesibles, que pueden ser ensamblados perfectamente para dar origen a un cluster. Además, el desarrollo del software libre nos permite contar con sistemas operativos, tales como LINUX, compiladores GNU, herramientas de programación y bibliotecas tipo MPI y PVM, capaces de funcionar en diversas plataformas de computadoras, eliminando así la dependencia con el hardware, en caso de existir.

Arquitectura
El Cluster Beowulf posee una arquitectura basada en multicomputadoras o memoria distribuida, lo cual puede ser utilizado para la computación paralela. Normalmente se tiene un nodo maestro y uno o más nodos esclavos, pero también existe la posibilidad de que se tenga más de un nodo maestro, y otros nodos dedicados a diversas tareas específicas. Los nodos son configurados y controlados por el nodo maestro, por lo que hacen solamente lo que éste le indique, la comunicación es por medio de una red Ethernet, Fast-Ethernet, Giga-Ethernet u otra. Y la topología de red que se recomienda es un bus o estrella.

Al tener memoria distribuida, se tienen espacios físicos y virtuales para cada procesador, cada uno puede acceder a su memoria local, pero no a las memorias de otros procesadores, de esta forma los cambios que cada uno realice en su memoria local no tienen efecto sobre la memoria de otro procesador. Si un procesador debe acceder a un dato localizado en la memoria de otro procesador, estos se tendrían que comunicar vía mensaje a través de la red de interconexión.

Las direcciones de memoria de un procesador no se mapean al resto de procesadores, de modo que no existe el direccionamiento global. Cuando un proceso necesita acceder a los datos de otro, suele ser tarea del programador definir explícitamente cómo y cuándo se comunicaran. Otra tarea importante del programador es lograr la sincronización.

Esto dificulta la programación de estos sistemas. Sin embargo, se tiene la ventaja de que son más económicos a la hora de montar que los multiprocesadores, porque las  multicomputadoras se pueden construir conectando procesadores a través de una red de interconexión estándar, sin necesidad de ser a la medida.

Está construido con componentes de hardware comunes en el mercado, similar a cualquier PC capaz de ejecutar Linux, adaptadores de Ethernet y switches estándares. Como no contiene elementos especiales, es totalmente reproducible. Una de las diferencias principales entre Beowulf y un cluster de estaciones de trabajo (COW, cluster of workstation) es el hecho de que Beowulf se comporta más como una sola máquina que como muchas ocasiones de trabajo conectadas.
Las máquinas grandes de Beowulf pueden tener más de un nodo maestro, y otros nodos dedicados a diversas tareas específicas, como, por ejemplo, consolas o estaciones de supervisión. En la mayoría de los casos los nodos esclavos de un sistema Beowulf son estaciones simples. Los nodos son configurados y controlados por el nodo maestro, y hace solamente lo que éste les indique.

1. Hardware:
Escalabilidad del hardware (también denominada "escalamiento vertical"). Se basa en la utilización de un gran equipo cuya capacidad se aumenta a medida que lo exige la carga de trabajo existente.

2. Software:
Escalabilidad del software (también denominada "escalamiento horizontal"). Se basa, en la utilización de un cluster compuesto de varios equipos de mediana potencia que funcionan en conjunto de forma muy parecida a como lo hacen las unidades de disco que se implementa en arreglo por medio de un RAID (arreglo redundante de discos de bajo costo). Del mismo modo que se añaden discos RAID para aumentar su rendimiento, se pueden añadir nodos a un cluster para aumentar también su rendimiento.

Implementación
Actualmente el Clúster Beowulf se construye típicamente con varias computadoras estándar, conocidas como nodos, las cuales están conectadas a través de una red de alta velocidad como lo es Ethernet o InfiniBand y están regidas por un nodo maestro. Los nodos del clúster trabajan juntos para llevar a cabo tareas de computación intensiva utilizando técnicas de procesamiento paralelo y distribuido, mientras que el software de código abierto utilizado en el Clúster Beowulf, como lo es sistema operativo Linux y la biblioteca de MPI (Interfaz de paso de mensajes), permiten una mayor flexibilidad y capacidad de personalización.

La implementación de un Clúster Beowulf implica la construcción física del clúster y la configuración de su software y redes. A continuación, se presentan los pasos típicos para la implementación de un Clúster Beowulf:

 Seleccionar el hardware: El Cluster Beowulf se construye típicamente con varias computadoras estándar de bajo costo. Los nodos esclavos y el nodo maestro del clúster deben ser idénticos en términos de hardware y software para garantizar la compatibilidad y la coherencia.

 Configurar la red: La red de alta velocidad utilizada en el Cluster Beowulf, como Ethernet, debe configurarse para permitir la comunicación entre los nodos del cluster. La red debe ser de alta velocidad y baja latencia para garantizar un rendimiento óptimo.

 Instalar el sistema operativo: El sistema operativo Linux es una opción común para el Cluster Beowulf debido a su capacidad de personalización y flexibilidad. Cada nodo del cluster debe tener el mismo sistema operativo y las mismas bibliotecas para garantizar la compatibilidad.

 Configurar el software de clúster: Se deben instalar y configurar las bibliotecas de MPI y otros programas de software de clúster para permitir la comunicación y la coordinación entre los nodos del clúster.

 Configurar la gestión de recursos: El software de gestión de recursos, como OpenPBS o LSF, se utiliza para asignar tareas y recursos de manera eficiente en el clúster.

 Pruebas y ajustes: Una vez que se ha implementado el Clúster Beowulf, se deben realizar pruebas para asegurarse de que funcione correctamente y se debe ajustar la configuración según sea necesario para optimizar el rendimiento.

Aplicaciones de los Clusters-Beowulf

Actualmente están presentes en varias áreas de la ciencia y en la iniciativa privada. Su demanda está asociada básicamente a programas o aplicaciones que requieren enormes recursos computacionales. Debido a su gran popularidad en los últimos años, son excelentes herramientas de apoyo para grupos de investigación que requieren cómputo paralelo de alto rendimiento
Dentro de las aplicaciones más comunes se encuentran: las simulaciones numéricas, el cómputo y la visualización científica, la animación por computadora y como herramienta para optimizar el tiempo de render en el desarrollo de películas, los servidores Web, las bases de datos, el análisis numérico y la enseñanza.

Los clusters-Beowulf juegan un papel importante en la disminución del tiempo de búsqueda en bases de datos de servidores tipo Yahoo o en compañías bancarias, donde se manejan grandes volúmenes de datos.
 Simulaciones y análisis numérico.
 Servidores Web.
 Animación por computadora.
 Optimizar tiempo.
 Desarrollo de películas.
 Visualización científica.
 Bases de datos.

Beneficios del Cluster Beowulf

 Rentable: Se construyen a partir de hardware barato y común en el mercado, por lo que son reproducibles y se facilita el mantenimiento.
 Tecnología: Al utilizar componentes del mercado común, es fácil emplear las nuevas tecnologías de software y de hardware.
 Escalabilidad: Se refiere a cuando aumenta el procesamiento, porque el rendimiento y el tamaño puede ser fácilmente ampliado añadiendo más nodos.
 Disponibilidad: Cada nodo es una máquina individual, por lo que al fallar un nodo no afecta a otros.

Sistema Operativo

En la actualidad hay una serie de distribuciones de Linux, y al menos una BSD, que están diseñados para la construcción de clusters Beowulf. Estos incluyen:

 MOSIX
 ClusterKnoppix, basado en Knoppix
 Kerrighed
 Rocks Cluster Distribution
 Scyld
 DragonFly BSD
 Quantian, un live DVD con aplicaciones científicas, basada en Knoppix y ClusterKnoppix

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio Cluster Beowulf (inglés)

Software para Unix

Cluster Beowulf


بطولة آسيا تحت 17 سنة لكرة القدم 1994

المتأهلون

 المجموعة 1 :
 المجموعة 2 :
 المجموعة 3 :
 المجموعة 4 :
 المجموعة 5 :
 المجموعة 6 :
 المجموعة 7 :
 المجموعة 8 :
 المجموعة 9 :
 المستضيف:

مرحلة المجموعات
أقيمت جميع المباريات في ملعب العربي, في الدوحة, قطر

المجموعة أ

3 سبتمبر

4 سبتمبر

5 سبتمبر

6 سبتمبر

8 سبتمبر

9 سبتمبر

10 سبتمبر

11 سبتمبر

12 سبتمبر

المجموعة ب

4 سبتمبر

5 سبتمبر

6 سبتمبر

7 سبتمبر

8 سبتمبر

9 سبتمبر

10 سبتمبر

11 سبتمبر

12 سبتمبر

المرحلة النهائية

نصف النهائي
15 سبتمبر

تحديد المركز الثالث
17 سبتمبر

النهائي
17 سبتمبر

البطل

المنتخبات المتأهلة إلى كأس العالم للشباب تحت 17 سنة 1999

 لعبت البحرين ضد أستراليا (صاحبة المركز الأول في بطولة أوقيانوسيا للناشئين تحت 17 سنة 1999) المقامة في نيوزيلندا.

خروج المغلوب
14 أغسطس كانبرا, أستراليا

27 أغسطس المنامة, البحرين

 تأهل منتخب أستراليا بمجموع 3-1.

المرجع
 rsssf.com

أحداث سبتمبر 1998 الرياضية في آسيا
أحداث سبتمبر 1998 الرياضية
بطولة آسيا تحت 16 سنة لكرة القدم
كرة القدم الآسيوية في 1998
كرة القدم القطرية في 1998-99
كرة قدم الشباب في 1998
منافسات كرة قدم دولية استضافتها قطر
بطولة آسيا للناشئين تحت 16 سنة 1998

بطولة آسيا تحت 17 سنة لكرة القدم 1998


Paraguaipoa (en idioma wayúu Pala'aipo'u que significa "tierra frente al mar") ubicada en el extremo norte del Estado Zulia, al occidente del país suramericano de Venezuela. Es parte de la Península de la Guajira y es administrada a nivel municipal como parte de la parroquia Guajira del municipio Guajira (antes conocido como Municipio Páez), encontrándose a 32 kilómetros de la capital municipal la ciudad de Sinamaica. En la localidad habitan entre otros indígenas de las etnias Wayúu, Añu y los arijunas que es el nombre que le dan las comunidades indígenas a los que no pertenecen a sus etnias. En 1875 el presidente de Venezuela traslada la capital del Territorio Federal Guajira a esta localidad.

Véase también
 Geografía de Venezuela
 Golfo de Venezuela

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Mapa de localización

Paraguaipoa


Zameioscirpus, biljni rod opisan tek 2003 godine. Pripada porodici šiljovki, dio je reda travolike.

Postoje tri priznate vrste raširene u Južnoj Americi u Boliviji, Peruu, Čileu i Argentini., od kojih su dvije vrste u njega prebačene iz drugih rodova, dok je najnovija i posljednja vrsta Z. muticus opisana tek 2004 godine.

Vrste
 Zameioscirpus atacamensis (Phil.) Dhooge & Goetgh.
 Zameioscirpus gaimardioides (É.Desv.) Dhooge & Goetgh.
 Zameioscirpus muticus Dhooge & Goetgh.

Izvori

Šiljovke

Zameioscirpus


Vadakkke Koottala Narayanankutty Nair, commonly known as V.K.N. (7 April 1929 – 25 January 2004), was a prominent Malayalam writer, noted mainly for his highbrow satire. He wrote novels, short stories and political commentaries. His works are noted for their multi-layered humour, trenchant criticism of the socio-political classes and ability to twist the meanings of words contextually and lend a touch of magic to his language.

Biography
A native of Kerala in south India, V.K.N. was born on 7 April 1929 in Thiruvilwamala in Trichur district (now Thrissur). (C. P. Nair, one of his close friends, tells that V.K.N's correct date of birth is 7 April 1929.) After completing his matriculation, he joined the Malabar Devaswom Board and worked there for 9 years. Like a number of modern Malayalam writers such as O. V. Vijayan, V.K.N. spent many years in New Delhi (from 1959 to 1969) as an English journalist. The experiences he gained during these years, which coincided with the nascent post-independent India, are reflected in his book, Pitamahan (The Great Grandfather). V.K.N.'s first story Parajithan was published in the October 1953 issue of Mathrubhumi Weekly.

Personal life

V.K.N was married to Vedavathi Amma. They had a son Balachandran & a daughter Ranjana.

Literary life

VKN's entry into Malayalam literature was in 1950s. Like for many others, his first love had been poetry. Though, before long, he gave it up, he kept up this adolescent infatuation all through his life. And he could quote from the Megasandesha or the Ramayanam chambu as quickly and effortlessly as he could from a new generation poet. This textual proficiency did not confine to poetry or literature alone. It was generic. Anything from under the sun, from contemporary politics to primitive occultism, from modern astrophysics to Chanakya's Arthashastra, or from Das Kapital to Kamasutra, was a narrative device for him, which he brought into play in his stories and novels.

It was in the 1960s that VKN came to prominence as a writer. But, by then he had left Kerala for New Delhi, where he spent about 10 years as a journalist. The New Delhi of the 1960s had a defining role in modern Malayalam literature. It was the group of young writers who happened to come together on various professional engagements in the country's capital that made Malayalam literature, fiction in particular, what it is today. Prominent among whom were O.V. Vijayan, M. Mukundan, George Varghese Kakkanadan and M. P. Narayana Pillai. VKN "landed" in this circle. These writers used to meet regularly to thrash out literature, politics or whatever else was the topic of the day – a preparation that capacitated them to accomplish new heights in writing.

As might be expected, VKN became an unfailing member of that collective. Those interactions, evidently, helped him be conversant with the latest developments in literature and consummate his style that is full of vim and vigour. Also, it could be that it was from those gatherings that he picked out many of his prototypical characters, especially the quick-witted, but hard-up "hero", Payyan (The Guy) of his seminal work, Payyan Kathakal (The Stories of Payyan), who made inroads into the higher echelons of power and wealth using nothing but his sharp intelligence and winning demeanour.

The Delhi life in 1960s had significantly contributed to framing VKN's social outlook as well. The institutionalisation of unscrupulous political manipulations, power brokerage, corruption and the murky dealings in the corridors of power; all that to which he became a silent, nonetheless alert, head-on witness deepened his distrust of the entire social and political order. And, what he did was to make them materials for a laugh that begot another laugh, which finally spread across our body, mind and intellect. For that reason, he was labelled "humorist".
He called his novels "Pennpada", "Manchal" and "Pithamahan" "historical satires", a new genre he created.

VKN's important works are Pithamahan (The Great Grandfather), Arohanam, which literally means "The Ascend" but "Bovine Bugles" in the author's own translation, Adhikaram (The Power), Payyan Kathakal (The Stories of Payyan), Sir Chathuleecock, Kavi (The Saffron), Chathans, and Chitrakeralam (Kerala Pictures). "Humour", in none of these works, did mean just a laugh. Certainly, he made use of all that is available in the repertoire of humour: irony, satire, parody and burlesque. But, be it about the misuse of power, the abuse of female body, the libertinism of the affluent, or about the fate of the poor of the day; his narration was historically and politically many-voiced. Nothing escaped his keen-eyed scrutiny by which he puzzled readers as to how they should take it; laugh, cry or get agitated. His humour, in substance, was a lamentation on human fallacies. And, just like that, a resistance to authoritarianism of all sorts. He dispassionately chronicled the transition of society from one phase to another. And "laughed" because, like his favourite character Payyan, "he could not cry".

Positions held

Death
He died on 25 January 2004 at his residence in Thiruvilwamala. He was 74.  He was ailing for some time. The last rites were performed at Pambadi on the banks of the Bharathappuzha.

Works

Novels
Arohanam (V.K.N. himself translated this work into English with the title Bovine Bugles)
Pithamahan
Adhikaram
Anantharam
Asuravani
Penpada
Kaavi
General Chathans
Manchal
Syndicate
Orazhcha

Collections of short stories
Payyan Kathakal
Sir Chathuvinte Ruling
Hajyaru
Mananchira Test
V. K. N. Kathakal
Ambathu Kathakal
Oru Nooru Mini Kathakal
Ayyaayiravum Kooppum
Naanuaru
Payyan
Kaalaghattathile Payyan
Mandahasam
Cleopatra
Payyante Samaram
Payyante Rajavu
Mangalapuram Pootham
Kozhi
prathal

Awards

1969:  Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award – Arohanam
1978:  M. P. Paul Award – overall contributions for Malayalam literature
1982:  Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award – Payyan Kathakal
1987:  Religious Harmony Award (instituted by the Organisation of Understanding and Fraternity, New Delhi
1997:  Muttathu Varkey Award – Pitamahan

References

Further reading
 Ravi Sankar S. Nair, Haasyattinre Rastantram (The Chemistry of Humour). Kerala Bhasha Institute, 2011. (A critical study of V.K.N.)
 Mathrubhumi Books Journal. Mathrubhumi, January–February 2014. (Special issue on VKN)

1929 births
2004 deaths
People from Thrissur district
Indian male novelists
Indian male short story writers
20th-century Indian translators
Malayalam-language writers
Malayalam novelists
Malayalam short story writers
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Malayalam
Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award
20th-century Indian novelists
Novelists from Kerala
20th-century Indian short story writers
20th-century Indian male writers

V. K. N.


qui signifie ami des filles est un magazine japonais publié par Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha de février 1908 à juin 1955. Il présente les premiers types images qui seront celles des shōjo. Parmi les artistes qui y travaillent on trouve Takuboku Ishikawa, Katsuji Matsumoto, Jun'ichi Nakahara et Akiko Yosano.

Références

Magazine shōjo
Revue littéraire au Japon
Titre de presse créé en 1908
Titre de presse disparu en 1955

Shōjo no tomo


කුරුණෑගල, ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වයඹ පලාතේ පිහිටි දිස්ත්‍රික්කයකි. භූමි ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිලෝ මීටර 4816 කි. දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ සම්පූර්ණ ජනගහණය ( 2011දි ) 1,610,299 ක් විය.

ජාතිය අනුව ජනගහන තොරතුරු ( 2011 )
 සිංහල 1,471,399
ශ්‍රී ලංකා දෙමළ 18,763
ඉන්දියානු දෙමළ 3,582
ශ්‍රී ලංකා යෝනක 113,560
මැලේ 1083
බර්ගර් 711
ශ්‍රී ලංකා චෙට්ටි 92
භාරත 28
වෙනත් 1,141
එකතුව 1,610,299

ඉතිහාසය
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පිහිටා තිබු රාජධානි හතරක්ම පැවතියේ කුරුණෑගල දිස්ත්‍රික්කය තුලය පඩුවස්නුවර, දඹදෙණිය, යාපහුව, කුරුණෑගල එම රාජධානින්ය.

භූගෝලීය පසුබිම

වෙනත්

දේශගුණය

   මධ්‍ය වාර්ෂික වර්ෂාපතනය       - මිලි මීටර්. 900 – 2200
   අවම සාමාන්‍ය උෂ්නත්වය   - සෙ. අංශක 27.2
   උපරිම සාමාන්‍ය උෂ්නත්වය - සෙ. අංශක 29.7

ආර්ථිකය
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවෙි වැඩිම පොල් හා වී වගාබිම් ප්‍රමාණය පිහිටා ඇත්තේ කුරුණෑගල දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේයි.තේ හා රබර් වැනි වාණිජ බෝග සුලු වශයෙන් වගාකරයි.එනිසාම කෘෂිකාර්මික වශයෙන් යහපත් ආර්ථිකයක් සහිතයි.
පන්නල,පොල්ගහවෙල වැනි කාර්මික නගර පිහිටුවා ඇත.

පරිපාලන ව්‍යුහය

ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාස
කුරුණෑගල දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාස ගණන 30 කි. එනම්

 අලව්ව ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 අඹන්පොළ ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 බමුණුකොටුව ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 බිංගිරිය ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 ඇහැටුවැව ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 ගල්ගමුව ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 ගනේවත්ත ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 ගිරිබාව ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 ඉබ්බාගමුව ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 කටුපොත ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 කොබෙයිගනේ ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 කොටවෙහෙර ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 කුලියාපිටිය නැගෙනහිර ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 කුලියාපිටිය බටහිර ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 කුරුණෑගල ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 මහව ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 මල්ලවපිටිය ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 මාස්පොත ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 මාවතගම ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 නාරම්මල ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 නිකවැරටිය ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 පඩුවස්නුවර ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 පන්නල ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 පොල්ගහවෙල ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 පොල්පිතිගම ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 රස්නායකපුර ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 රිදිගම ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 උඩුබැද්දාව ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 වාරියපොල ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 වීරඹුගෙදර ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය

කුරුණෑගල දිස්ත්‍රික්කය තුල පිහිටා ඇති නගර

මහ නගර සභා
 කුරුණෑගල

නගර සභා
 කුලියාපිටිය

වෙනත් නගර
 නාරම්මල
 වාරියපොල
 නිකවැරටිය
 පන්නල
 ගල්ගමුව
 පොල්ගහවෙල
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 හිරිපිටිය
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 දඹදෙණිය
 මැල්සිරිපුර
 හෙට්ටිපොල
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 මාවතගම
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 පහමුනේ
 පන්නව
 ඇතව
 අවුල‍ේගම

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
 කුරුණෑගල මැතිවරණ දිස්ත්‍රික්කය
 ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පරිපාලන දිස්ත්‍රික්ක
 ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පළාත්

මූලාශ්‍ර
www.kurunegala.dist.gov.lk
ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජනලේඛන හා සංඛ්‍යාලේඛන දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය
කුරුණෑගල පරිපාලන දිස්ත්‍රික්කය

කුරුණෑගල පරිපාලන දිස්ත්‍රික්කය


In ancient Greece, the moriai (plural of moria) were olive trees considered to be the property of the state because of their religious significance.

Overview
From Attic Orators, vol. I. p. 289: Throughout Attica, besides the olives which were private property (ἴδιαι ἐλαῖαι, Lys. or. 7 § 10) there were others which, whether on public or on private lands, were considered as the property of the State. They were called "moriae" (μορίαι), the legend being that they had been propagated (μεμορημέναι) from the original olive which Athena herself had caused to spring up on the Acropolis. This theory was convenient for their conservation as State property, since, by giving them a sacred character, it placed them directly under the care of the Areiopagus, which caused them to be visited once a month by Inspectors (ἐπιμεληταί, Lys. or. 7 § 29), and once a year by special Commissioners (γνώμονες, ib. § 25). To uproot a moria was an offence punishable by banishment and confiscation of goods (ib. § 41).From Moriai: Sacred Arboriculture in Athens:Athena's gift to her protégés was the olive she planted on the sacred rock of the Acropolis. From this primordial olive twelve new trees were transplanted in the sanctuary of the hero Akademos and comprised a sacred grove. These trees, we are told by our ancient sources, were called moriai. The etymology remains obscure, but the most compelling explanation is the connection of the word moria with the stem μερ, which bears the meaning "to be part of"; the moriai were part of Athena's property.

Mythical origin of moria (olive) trees in ancient Greece

Contest for Attica (Athens)
According to Greek mythology, upon his establishment of the newly founded city (polis) of Attica, king Cecrops desired to appoint a patron deity and protector over his new city. Poseidon (Olympic god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses) and Athena (Olympic goddess of wisdom, craft, and war) both desired to lay claim to the ancient Greek city. Appearing before king Cecrops and a gathering of the people of Attica on the Acropolis, it was decided that a contest between the two powerful Olympians would be held. Whoever could bestow the more useful gift to the people of Attica would be declared patron deity and have the city named in his/her honor. Poseidon was the first to present his gift; striking a rock with a powerful blow of his trident, a spring of salt water burst through. Athena came next; as she thrust her spear into the ground of the Acropolis, she knelt down and planted an olive branch in the hole, which quickly grew into Greece's very first moria (olive) tree. King Cecrops and the people of Attica deliberated the usefulness of the gifts. Poseidon's spring made of salt water was not suitable for drinking or much else, yet Athena's precious gift proved to be suitable for an abundance of purposes. Athena was hailed winner of the competition and was crowned patron goddess and protector of the city (polis) of Attica, whose people adopted the name Athens in her honor.  From Olive Oil Times, Laura Aitken-Burt writes:
The Athenians chose Athena's gift and the olive tree has remained a central part of Greek life ever since for all of its profound qualities. The leaves have been used to crown the heads of victorious athletes, generals and kings, the wood used to construct houses and boats, the oil used to give fuel to lamps, rubbed into the toned, muscled bodies of lithe athletes, added to all food dishes and the olives themselves—a staple in the Mediterranean diet and a valuable export throughout antiquity and today. Even the iconic Athenian tetradrachm coins had the leaves of the olive branch peeping to the left of Athena's owl.

References

Trees
Ancient Athens
Economy of ancient Greece
Ancient Greek law

Moria (tree)


Lake Valley ist der Name folgender geografischen Objekte in den Vereinigten Staaten:

Orte:
 Lake Valley (Kalifornien)
 Lake Valley (Sierra County)
 Lake Valley (San Juan County)
 Lake Valley (Oklahoma)

Seen:
 Lake Valley (Nevada), im Lincoln und White Pine County

Lake Valley