Uncovered: The War on Iraq ist ein im August 2004 erschienener Dokumentarfilm von Robert Greenwald. Er handelt davon, wie Anfang der 2000er Jahre viele Massenmedien dazu gebracht wurden, Stimmung für eine Invasion im Irak zu machen, die dann ab März 2003 tatsächlich stattfand (siehe Irakkrieg).

Der Film ist eine Langfassung ("extended version") des 2003 erschienenen Films Uncovered: The Whole Truth About the Iraq War.

Interviewte Personen
(in alphabetischer Reihenfolge):

David Albright, Robert Baer, Milton Bearden, Rand Beers, Bill Christison, David Corn, Philip Coyle, John Dean, Patrick G. Eddington, Charles W. Freeman, Graham Fuller, Mel Goodman, Larry Johnson, David Kay, John Brady Kiesling, Karen Kwiatkowski, Patrick Lang, David C. MacMichael, Ray McGovern, Scott Ritter, Clare Short, Stanfield Turner, Henry Waxman, Thomas E. White, Joseph C. Wilson, Mary Ann Wright, Peter Zimmerman

Weblinks

Filmtitel 2004
US-amerikanischer Film
Dokumentarfilm
Irakkrieg im Film

Uncovered (Film)


عين المريسة وسميت كذلك نسبة إلى ينبوع ماء عذب كان يوجد عند الشاطئ ويصب في البحر حيثُ ترسوا مراكب الصيّادين.وسُمّيَ الينبوع عين المريّسة أي المرسى الصغير.

مراجع

أحياء بيروت
عيون ماء
مبان ومنشآت في بيروت
معالم لبنانية

عين المريسة


Batı yarımküre, Dünya'nın Greenwich'ten geçen Baş meridyenle ikiye bölündüğünde batıda kalan kısmıdır. Jeopolitik anlamda genellikle Amerika kıtalarını kastetmek amacıyla Yeni Dünya tabiri ile eş anlamlı olarak kullanılır.

Batı yarımküre adı, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri hükûmeti gibi bâzı kişi ve kurumlarca tüm Amerika için bir mecâz-ı mürsel olarak kullanılır.

Coğrafya
Batı Yarımküre, Amerika kıtasının yanı sıra Avrupa ve Afrika'nın batılarını, Sibirya'nin en uç noktası olan Dejnev Burnu'nu, Okyanusya'nın bazı bölgelerini ve Antarktika'nın bir kısmını kapsarken Alaska'nın güneybatısındaki Aleut Adaları'nı içermez.

Batı Yarımküre'nin merkezi Büyük Okyanus'ta, 90. batı meridyeniyle Ekvator'un kesişim noktasında, Galápagos Adaları'nın arasındadır. Oraya en yakın kara parçası,  koordinatlarında bulunan Genovesa Adası'dır.

Batı yarımküre'deki en yüksek dağ,  ile Arjantin Andları'ndaki Aconcagua'dır.

Batı Yarımküre'de bir insanın girebileceği en uzun binaysa Toronto'daki CN Tower'dır. ().

Ayrıca bakınız
 Eski Dünya
 Yeni Dünya
 Yarımküre
 Doğu yarımküre
 Güney yarımküre
 Kuzey yarımküre

Kaynakça

Batı yarımküre

Batı yarımküre


ධාන්ක් ලෙන් පිහිටා ඇත්තේ ඉන්දියාවේ ගුජරාට් හි රාජ්කොට් දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ උප්ලේතා අසල ධාන්ක් ගම්මානයේ ය. මෙම ලෙන් කැන ඇත්තේ  බටහිර ක්ෂ්ත්‍රප සමයේ චූර්ණමය වැලිගලෙහි ය. මෙම ලෙන් බෞද්ධ සහ ජෛන සංස්කෘතීන් හි ආභාසය ලබා ඇත. බෞද්ධ ලෙන්වල බෝධිසත්ත්ව රූ දක්නට ලැබෙන අතර, ජෛන ලෙනෙහි ආදිනාත්, ශාන්තිනාත් සහ පාර්ශ්වයන්ගේ ප්‍රතිමා දක්නට ලැබෙයි. මෙම ප්‍රතිමා කාථියාවාඩ් හි ආදිතම ජෛන ප්‍රතිමා ලෙස සැළකේ.

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

ඉන්දියාවේ බෞද්ධ ලෙන්
ඉන්දියාවේ බෞද්ධ ආරාම
ගුජරාටයේ ලෙන්
ඉන්දියාවේ පැරණි ජනාවාස පැවති ස්ථාන
ඉන්දියාවේ බෞද්ධ වන්දනා ස්ථාන
3වන සියවසේ ජෛන දේවස්ථාන

ධාන්ක් ලෙන්


Das Saltery Bay Ferry Terminal ist ein Fährhafen  in der kanadischen Provinz British Columbia. Er liegt an der Sunshine Coast an der Straße von Georgia, etwa 30 km südwestlich der Stadt Powell River im qathet Regional District. Der Tidenhub beträgt hier im Regelfall zwischen 1 und 5 Meter.

Der Fährhafen liegt auf der Route des Highway 101. Der Highway 101 wird in Richtung Süden ab dem Earls Cove Ferry Terminal weitergeführt.

BC Ferries (ausgeschrieben British Columbia Ferry Services Inc.), als der Hauptbetreiber der Fährverbindungen an der Westküste von British Columbia, betreibt von hier aus eine Route.

Routen
Von hier werden folgende Ziele angelaufen:
 nach Earls Cove

Weblinks
 BC Ferries: Fahrpläne

Einzelnachweise

BC Ferries
Pazifikhafen
Qathet Regional District
Hafen in British Columbia
Hafen in Nordamerika

Saltery Bay Ferry Terminal


Un étui à aiguilles, une boîte à aiguilles ou un porte-aiguilles est un petit support, souvent décoratif, pour les aiguilles à coudre. Les premiers étuis à aiguilles étaient généralement de petits récipients tubulaires en os, en bois ou en bronze avec des bouchons étanches, souvent conçus pour être suspendus à une ceinture. Les étuis à aiguilles sont généralement l'un des outils attachés à une châtelaine. Aujourd'hui, les supports à aiguilles ont des formes variées.

Histoire
Les premières aiguilles à coudre étaient des objets précieux qui se perdaient facilement. Les étuis à aiguilles étaient une nécessité pour conserver ces objets fragiles, et ils se retrouvent dans des cultures du monde entier. Des étuis à aiguilles tubulaires en bronze sont fréquemment trouvés sur les sites de l'Âge des Vikings en Europe. Des étuis à aiguilles en canne ont été trouvés dans une tombe de Cerro Azul, au Pérou, datée de 1000 à 1470 après J.-C. Des étuis à aiguilles en os, en cuir et en métal ont été trouvés dans la Londres médiévale, et des étuis à aiguilles en os ou en ivoire ont été fabriqués par les Inuits, tandis que les Lapons pouvaient en avoir en laiton ou en bois de renne. Les étuis à aiguilles en os et en ivoire étaient également populaires en Amérique au .

Les confections élaborées de travaux d'aiguille, comme le porte-aiguilles en forme de grenouille du Musée d'Art du comté de Los Angeles, sont apparues au . Les étuis à aiguilles en argent et en laiton lourdement décorés sont typiques de l'époque victorienne.

Entre 1869 et 1887, W. W. Avery & Son, une manufacture d'aiguilles anglaise, a produit une série de boîtes à aiguilles figuratives en laiton, qui sont aujourd'hui très recherchées. La domination d'Avery sur ce marché était telle que tous les étuis à aiguilles victoriens similaires en laiton sont appelés « Averys ».

Galerie

Articles connexes
Pique-aiguille
Épingle
Inscription de Szarvas (sur un étui à aiguilles)

Références

Liens externes

Confection de vêtements
Outil pour coudre
Travail avec aiguille dans le textile
Artéfact archéologique

Étui à aiguilles


Den 11. udgave af Ronde van Drenthe blev afholdt den 11. marts 2017. Det var den anden konkurrence i UCI Women's World Tour 2017. Løbet blev vundet af danske Amalie Dideriksen fra .

Hold

Danske ryttere
 Amalie Dideriksen
 Christina Siggaard
 Camilla Møllebro Pedersen
 Pernille Mathiesen

Resultater

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

2017
Cykelløb i 2017

Ronde van Drenthe for kvinder 2017


Evagrius Ponticus (græsk: Εὐάγριος ὁ Ποντικός, "Evagrius af Pontus"), også kaldet Evagrius Eneboeren (345-399 e.Kr.), var en kristen munk og asket og en af de mest indflydelsesrige teologer i slutningen fjerde århundrede kirke.

Ponticus blev kendt som en tænker, en god taler og en begavet skribent. Han forlod en lovende karriere i kirkeret, rejste til Konstantinopel og Jerusalem, hvor han i 383 blev en munk ved klostret Rufinus og Melania den Ældre. Han gik derefter til Egypten og brugte de resterende år af sit liv i Nitria og Kellia, præget af mange års askese og skriveri. Han var discipel af flere indflydelsesrige samtidige kirkeledere, herunder Basileios den Store, Gregor fra Nazianz og Makarios af Egypten. Han var lærer for andre, herunder Johannes Cassianus og Palladius.

Kirkefædre

Evagrius Ponticus


Karaköy, İstanbul'un Beyoğlu ilçesine bağlı semt. Bankaları ve iş hanlarıyla ünlü en eski ticaret merkezlerinden biridir. Eski Galata semtinin modern adıdır. Tarih boyunca bir liman ve ticaret merkezi olma özelliğiyle ön plana çıkmıştır. Boğaziçi'nin Avrupa tarafında Haliç'in ağzında yer alır. Karaköy, şehrin çok tarihsel bölgelerinden ve en eskilerinden biridir. 19. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde Osmanlı Devleti'nin finans merkezi haline gelmişti. Bugün ise, önemli bir ticaret  ve ulaşım merkezidir.

Bölge Karaköy Meydanı'ndan kendisini çevreleyen semtlere bağlanır. Güneybatıda Galata Köprüsü Karaköy'ü Eminönü'ne bağlar. Tersane Caddesi batıda Azapkapı'ya, Voyvoda Caddesi kuzeybatıda Şişhane'ye, Yüksek Kaldırım Caddesi kuzeyde Beyoğlu'na, Kemeraltı ve Necatibey Caddesi kuzeydoğuda Tophane'ye açılır. Karaköy bölgesi 19. yüzyılda, bankaların ve sigorta şirketlerinin toplanma yeriydi. Ayrıca günümüzde mekanik, elektrik, elektronik ve su tesisatı ekipmanlarının kolaylıkla bulunabileceği yerlerden biridir.

Tarihçe
Karaköy, Bizans zamanından beri bir liman alanına sahipti. Haliç'in kuzey sahili yerleşim için ayrıydı. Yaklaşık 1000 yılı civarında, Bizans İmparatoru Cenovalı tüccarlara bu bölgede yerleşme ve iş yapma iznini vermiş ve garantilemişti. Cenovalılar kendilerini ve ambarlarını korumak için dayanıklı istihkamlar yaptılar. Ceneviz duvar kalıntıları hâlâ görülebilir. Fakat Galata Kulesi onların içinde görülebilen duvarlardaki en yüksek ve en kuvvetli noktadır. 15. yüzyılda Galata bir İtalyan şehrine benziyordu.

1453'te İstanbul'un Fethi'nden sonra, bölge üç yerleşim kategorisine sahipti; Ceneviz, Venedik ve Katalan tüccarları; Ceneviz ve Osmanlı vatandaşları ile Rum, Ermeni, Gürcü ve Yahudiler. Nüfus kompozisyonu kısa zaman içinde değişti. 1478 nüfus sayımı'na göre bölgenin hemen hemen yarısı Müslüman idi.

1500 yılından itibaren, daha çok İspanyol engizisyonundan kaçan Sefarad Yahudileri buraya yerleşti. Karaköy, 1854-1856 Kırım Savaşı için savaşmaya gelen Avrupalıların ikinci akınına maruz kaldı. Savaş için gelen Büyük Britanyalı, Fransız ve İtalyan  birleşik güçlerinin akınıydı. Rıhtım eksikliği, ordunun ve askeri ekipmanlarının boşaltılmasını zorlaştırdı. Bir Fransız şirketi 1879'da Karaköy'e bir iskele yapmak istedi, ancak 1895 yılında bitirilecekti.

19. yüzyılın son on yılında Karaköy kendini bankacılık bölgesi olarak geliştirdi. Osmanlı Bankası buraya merkezini kurdu. İtalyan ve Avusturya sigorta şirketleri şube ofislerini açtılar.

20. yüzyılda ticaret aktivitelerinin artması ile liman gümrük binaları, yolcu terminali ve deniz antreposu ile genişledi. Karaköy ayrıca, iskele boyunca yer alan Yunan tavernaları ile meşhur hale geldi. Ekim Devrimi (1917) sonrası Rusya'dan kaçan binlerce Beyaz Rus bu alana geldi ve yerleşti.

Ulaşım

Karaköy, bugün uluslararası ve şehir içi yolcu trafiğinde büyük taşımacılık merkezidir. Galata Köprüsü Karaköy ile tarihî yarımadayı birbirine bağlar, köprü üzerinden geçen tramvay hattı Bağcılar-Kabataş arasında çalışır ve Karaköy istasyonu bulunur. Yeraltı füniküler hattı (Tünel) 1875 yılından beri insanları Karaköy'ün alt ucundan İstiklal Caddesi'ne taşır.

İstanbul'un tek yüzen iskelesi olan Karaköy İskelesi'nden vapurlarla Boğaziçi'nin Anadolu Yakasındaki Haydarpaşa Garı ile Kadıköy'e ulaşım sağlanır.

Karaköy Limanı'ndan feribotlar, Karadeniz limanları; Odessa, Yalta, Sivastopol, Kırım, Kezlev, Herson, Novorossisk, Köstence çalışır. Büyük lüks seyahat gemileri Akdeniz limanlarından Atina, Dubrovnik, Civitavecchia ve Venedik limanlarına seyrederler.

Ticaret
Yüzyıllardır aktif bir iş merkezi olan Karaköy, İstanbul'un en önemli ticaret merkezidir. Tersane Caddesi etrafındaki Perşembe Pazarı'nda bütün çeşitli makine parçaları ve aletler satışa sunulur. Elektrik parçaları satan dükkânlar Voyvoda Caddesi'nde yer alır. Kemeraltı Caddesi'nde çeşitli tesisat malzemeleri bulunabilir. Selanik Pasajı, Karaköy alanının alışveriş merkezidir. Dükkânlar elektronik parçalar üzerinde ihtisaslaşmışlardır. Üzerinden yoğun trafiğin geçtiği bir yeraltı çarşısı olan Karaköy Alt Geçidi, Karaköy İskelesi'ne alttan ulaşımda emniyetli bir geçiş sağlar. Karaköy, ayrıca deniz ürünleri, börek, muhallebi ve baklava yemek için popüler bir yerdir. Çeşitli küçük balık restoranları, pub ve kafeler Galata Köprüsü'nün Karaköy tarafında yer alır. Yolcu terminal binasında yer alan Liman Lokantası akşam yemeği ile meşhurdur. İstanbul'un genelevleri de Karaköy'dedir.

İlgili yerler
Karaköy'de, çeşitli eğitimsel ve dinsel yerler Latin-Katolik, Rum-Ortodoks, Ermeni ve Bulgar kiliseleri, zamanında Gürcüler tarafından da kullanılan sinagog ve Yunan, Yahudi, Fransız, İtalyan ve Avusturya okulları var olup kendi tarihsel kozmopolit karakterlerini yansıtırlar. Karaköy'de Avrupalı toplulukların bıraktığı zengin büyük tarihsel anıtlar bulunur. Bu eserler, Osmanlı döneminden beri zenginleşmektedir.

 Galata Kulesi
 Kamondo Merdivenleri, zengin bir Sefarad Yahudisi banker Abraham Camondo (1785-1873) tarafından yaptırılmış olup Barok stilinde yapılmıştır. Voyvoda Caddesi'nden tepeye, şık, 19. yüzyıl mahallelerine tırmanılır.

Müzeler
 İstanbul Modern Türkiye'nin 2004 yılından beri çağdaş sanatlara adanan ilk ve tek özel müzesi, yenilenen eski deniz antreposu No.4  de ev sahipliği yapar.
 Osmanlı Bankası
 Türkiye Yahudi Müzesi

Kiliseler
 San Petro ve Paolo Kilise'si, 1604 yılında inşa edildi.
 Sankt Georg Kilisesi, 1675-1677 de Fransız rahipleri tarafından inşa edildi ve 1908'de Avusturyalı Lazaristler tarafından restore edildi.
 Saint Michael Kilisesi
 San Francesco Kilisesi
 Santa Anna Kilisesi
 Santa Maria Kilisesi
 San Domenica Kilisesi
 San Zoni Kilisesi
 Surp Sarkis Kilisesi; 1360 civarında inşa edildi. İstanbul'daki en eski Ermeni kilisesidir.
 Surp Hisus Pırgiç Kilisesi, bir Ermeni Katolik kilisesi. 1834'te inşa edildii. 1850'den 1928 yılına kadar patrikliğe ait bir yer olarak hizmet veriyordu. (Patrikliğin Beyrut'a taşınmasına kadar.)
 Saint Benoit Kilisesi ve manastırı, okul ve dispanser. İstanbul'un en önemli ve köklü Latin Katolik kurumlarından biridir.
 Galata Bulgar Kilisesi. Erken 20. yüzyılda küçük bir kilise olarak Katolik Bulgar cemaatinin ihtiyaçları için inşa edildi.
 Haghios Nikolas Türk Ortodoks Kilisesi
 Haghios Ioannis Süryani Kilisesi

Sinagoglar
 Neve Şalom Sinagogu, 1938 yılında Yahudi okul binasından topluluğun genişlemesi üzerine dönüştürüldü.
 Tofre Begadim Sinagogu (Bugün bir sanat merkezi olarak kullanılıyor.)
 İtalyan Sinagogu
 Zülfaris Sinagogu, bugün 500. Yıl Vakfı Türk Musevileri Müzesi
 Or Hodeş Sinagogu, 1897 de Polonyalı Aşkenaz Yahudilerince yapılan Sinagog Gürcü Yahudileri tarafından kullanıldı.
 Yüksekkaldırım Aşkenaz Sinagogu, 1900 yılında mimar Gabriel Tedeschi tarafından yapıldı.

Camiler
 Arap Camii, (Arap Mosque), kare formlu minareye sahip olup İstanbul'da kiliseden camiye çevrilen en eski kilisedir. İspanyol Engizisyon'undan kaçan Arap göçmenler tarafından kullanılıyordu.
 İbrahim Paşa Camii, 16. yüzyılda Pargalı İbrahim Paşa tarafından yaptırılmıştır.
 Sokollu Camii, 1577 yılında, büyük Mimar Sinan tarafından baş vezir Sokollu Mehmet Paşa için yapılmıştır.
 Yeraltı Camii, 17. yüzyılda inşa edildi.

Eğitim
 Özel Galileo Galilei İtalyan Lisesi
 Avusturya Lisesi
 İstanbul Özel Alman Lisesi
 İtalyan Lisesi
 Saint Benoit Fransız Lisesi
 Karaköy Rum Lisesi
 Getronagan Ermeni Lisesi
 Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi

Dikkate değer kişiler
 André Chénier
 Cartier Bresson

Kaynakça
 Yelkenci (Türkçe)
  Lets Go Istanbul
 Turkey travel Planners
  Great Istanbul Museum

Dış bağlantılar
  Sihirli Tur (Türkçe)
 Karaköy İskelesi Battı
 Karaköy Çiçekçi

Beyoğlu'nun semtleri

Karaköy


Stephen Jones () este un editor și antologist britanic de horror. Este autorul mai multor cărți de studii privind filmele de  groază și fantastice. Stephen Jones este unul dintre primii editori de publicații britanice lovecraftiene.

Lucrări
Jones a editat antologii ca seriile Best New Horror, Dark Terrors, The Mammoth Book of Vampires, The Mammoth Book of Zombies, The Mammoth Book of Dracula, The Mammoth Book of Frankenstein, The Mammoth Book of Vampire Stories by Women, The Vampire Stories of R. Chetwynd-Hayes, The Conan Chronicles, 1 sau The Conan Chronicles, 2 de Robert E. Howard și Scream Quietly: The Best of Charles L. Grant. Jones a mai editat Dancing with the Dark, o colecție de povestiri despre presupuse confruntări  din viața reală ale unor scriitori cu paranormalul.

Jones a fost beneficiarul unui premiu Hugo și  mai multor premii Bram Stoker. Cartea sa Mammoth Best New Horror (1990, cu Ramsey Campbell) a câștigat Premiul World Fantasy. Volumul 22 al antologiei anuale a fost publicat în 2011.

În limba română
 Cartea ororilor, antologie în 2 volume publicată la Editura Nemira

Note

Vezi și

 Listă de editori de literatură științifico-fantastică
 Listă de autori de literatură de groază

Legături externe

 Stephen Jones at Fantastic Fiction
Podcast audio interview with Stephen Jones

Nașteri în 1953
Scriitori englezi
Oameni în viață
Scriitori englezi de literatură științifico-fantastică

Stephen Jones (autor)


NGC 197 sau HCG 7D este o galaxie spirală barată, posibil galaxie lenticulară, situată în constelația Balena, membră a grupului NGC 192 (care include galaxiile NGC 173, NGC 1967, NGC 197, NGC 201, NGC 237) și a grupului HCG 7 (care include galaxiile NGC 196, NGC 197, NGC 201). A fost descoperită în 16 octombrie 1863 de către Albert Marth.

Note

Vezi și
 NGC 196
 NGC 198

Legături externe
 NGC 197 pe spider.seds.org
 NGC 197 pe WikiSky

Galaxii lenticulare
Obiecte NGC
Constelația Balena
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1863
Obiecte astronomice descoperite de Albert Marth

NGC 197


An Eria conica in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Victor Samuel Summerhayes. An Eria conica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eria

Eria conica


The BaBar experiment, or simply BaBar, is an international collaboration of more than 500 physicists and engineers studying the subatomic world at energies of approximately ten times the rest mass of a proton (~10 GeV). Its design was motivated by the investigation of charge-parity violation. BaBar is located at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, which is operated by Stanford University for the Department of Energy in California.

Physics
BaBar was set up to understand the disparity between the matter and antimatter content of the universe by measuring Charge Parity violation. CP symmetry is a combination of Charge-conjugation symmetry (C symmetry) and Parity symmetry (P symmetry), each of which are conserved separately except in weak interactions. BaBar focuses on the study of CP violation in the B meson system. The name of the experiment is derived from the nomenclature for the B meson (symbol ) and its antiparticle (symbol , pronounced B bar). The experiment's mascot was accordingly chosen to be Babar the Elephant :).

If CP symmetry holds, the decay rate of B mesons and their antiparticles should be equal. Analysis of secondary particles produced in the BaBar detector showed this was not the case – in the summer of 2002, definitive results were published based on the analysis of 87 million / meson-pair events, clearly showing the decay rates were not equal. Consistent results were found by the Belle experiment at the KEK laboratory in Japan.

CP violation was already predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics, and well established in the neutral kaon system (/ meson pairs). The BaBar experiment has increased the accuracy to which this effect has been experimentally measured. Currently, results are consistent with the Standard Model, but further investigation of a greater variety of decay modes may reveal discrepancies in the future.

The BaBar detector is a multilayer particle detector. Its large solid angle coverage (near hermetic), vertex location with precision on the order of 10 μm (provided by a silicon vertex detector), good pion–kaon separation at multi-GeV momenta (provided by a novel Cherenkov detector), and few-percent precision electromagnetic calorimetry (CsI(Tl) scintillating crystals) allow a list of other scientific searches apart from CP violation in the B meson system. Studies of rare decays and searches for exotic particles and precision measurements of phenomena associated with mesons containing bottom and charm quarks, as well as phenomena associated with tau leptons are possible.

The BaBar detector ceased operation on 7 April 2008, but data analysis is ongoing.

Detector description

The BaBar detector is cylindrical with the interaction region at the center. In the interaction region, 9 GeV electrons collide with 3.1 GeV antielectrons (sometimes called positrons) to produce a center-of-mass collision energy of 10.58 GeV, corresponding to the (4S) resonance. The (4S) decays immediately into a pair of B mesons – half the time  and half the time . To detect the particles there are a series of subsystems arranged cylindrically around the interaction region. These subsystems are as follows, in order from inside to outside:

 Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT)
 Made from 5 layers of double-sided silicon strips, the SVT records charged particle tracks very close to the interaction region inside BaBar.

 Drift Chamber (DCH)
 Less expensive than silicon, the 40 layers of wires in this gas chamber detect charged particle tracks out to a much larger radius, providing a measurement of their momenta. In addition, the DCH also measures the energy loss of the particles as they pass through matter. See Bethe-Bloch formula.

 Detector of Internally Reflected Cherenkov Light (DIRC)
 The DIRC is composed of 144 fused silica bars which radiate and focus Cherenkov radiation to differentiate between kaons and pions.

 Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMC)
 Made from 6580 CsI crystals, the EMC identifies electrons and antielectrons, which allows for the reconstruction of the particle tracks of photons (and thus of neutral pions ()) and of "long Kaons" (), which are also electrically neutral.

 Magnet
 The Magnet produces a 1.5 T field inside the detector, which bends the tracks of charged particles allowing deduction of their momentum.

 Instrumented Flux Return (IFR)
 The IFR is designed to return the flux of the 1.5 T magnet, so it is mostly iron but there is also instrumentation to detect muons and long kaons. The IFR is broken into 6 sextants and two endcaps. Each of the sextants has empty spaces which held the 19 layers of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC), which were replaced in 2004 and 2006 with Limited Streamer Tubes (LST) interleaved with brass. The brass is there to add mass for the interaction length since the LST modules are so much less massive than the RPCs. The LST system is designed to measure all three cylindrical coordinates of a track: which individual tube was hit gives the φ coordinate, which layer the hit was in gives the ρ coordinate, and finally the z-planes atop the LSTs measure the z coordinate.

Notable events

On 9 October 2005, BaBar recorded a record luminosity just over  delivered by the PEP-II positron-electron collider.  This represents 330% of the luminosity that PEP-II was designed to deliver, and was produced along with a world record for stored current in an electron storage ring at 1.73 A, paired with a record 2.94 A of positrons. "For the BaBar experiment, higher luminosity means generating more collisions per second, which translates into more accurate results and the ability to find physics effects they otherwise couldn't see."

In 2008, BaBar physicists detected the lowest energy particle in the bottomonium quark family, ηb. Spokesperson Hassan Jawahery said: "These results were highly sought after for over 30 years and will have an important impact on our understanding of the strong interactions."

In May 2012 BaBar reported that their recently analyzed data may suggest deviations from predictions of the Standard Model of particle physics. The experiments see two particle decays,  and , happen more often than the Standard Model predicts. In this type of decay, a B meson decays into a D or D* meson, a tau-lepton and an antineutrino.
While the significance of the excess (3.4 sigma) is not enough to claim a break from the Standard Model, the results are a potential sign of something amiss and are likely to impact existing theories. In 2015 results from LHCb and the Belle experiment strengthen the evidence (to 3.9 sigma) of possible physics beyond the Standard Model in these decay processes, but still not at the gold standard 5 sigma level of significance.

Data record

See also
B-factory
B-Bbar oscillation

Notes

External links

 Official BaBar Website
 BaBar Public Home Page
 Report of 2001 announcement about detection of CP violation
 YouTube Video of the BaBar Control Room April 30, 2007
Record for BaBar Experiment on INSPIRE-HEP

Particle experiments
B physics

BaBar experiment


Kahuna je havajska riječ koja se prevodi kao "svećenik", "vrač", "čarobnjak" ili "šaman". Na drevnim Havajima, kahune su bili klasa ljudi između podanika i plemića te su obavljali razne zadatke za plemiće. Podanici su radili i za kahune i za plemiće.

Prema jednom izvoru, kahune se mogu podijeliti na deset tipova:
Kuhikuhi puʻuone — vrač koji pronalazi dobra mjesta za gradnju hramova
Kilokilo — prorok
Hoʻounāunā — vrač koji izaziva bolesti
ʻAnāʻanā — vrač koji molitvom može ubiti
Nānāuli — vrač koji proučava znakove u prirodi
Hoʻopiʻopiʻo — vrač koji izaziva ozljede
Hoʻokomokomo — vrač koji šalje duhove da zaposjednu žrtve
Poʻi ʻUhane — vrač koji hvata duhove
Lapaʻau — vrač-liječnik
Oneoneihonua — svećenik koji prinosi ljudske žrtve

Kahuna koji je svladao sve vještine postaje kahuna nui — "veliki kahuna". Vrač Hewahewa, koji je služio kralju Kamehamehi I., bio je poznati veliki kahuna.

Izvori

Makana Risser Chai (2005). Na Mo'olelo Lomilomi: The Traditions of Hawaiian Massage and Healing. str. 34, 177–178. .

Havaji

Kahuna


James Mark Burnett (born 17 July 1960) is a television producer and author who is the former Chairman of MGM Worldwide Television Group. He created and produced the reality shows Survivor, The Apprentice, The Voice, and Shark Tank (which has been nominated for six NAACP Image Awards).

Burnett-produced TV series have been nominated for a total of 151 Emmys. He has personally won twelve Emmy Awards, five Producers Guild of America Awards, ten Critics' Choice Television Awards, and nine People's Choice Awards. As of 2022, Burnett is the executive producer of five current network television shows, as well as several cable series. For five consecutive years, Burnett has been included in the Variety500, an index of the 500 most influential business leaders shaping the global media industry.

Under Burnett's leadership, MGM has expanded its cable TV business through the acquisitions of Evolution Media (e.g., Botched, Real Housewives of Beverly Hills, Real Housewives of Orange County) and Big Fish Entertainment (Live PD, Black Ink Crew).

Burnett additionally produced the Christian media series The Bible and A.D. The Bible Continues, as well as the feature films Son of God, Little Boy, Woodlawn, and Ben-Hur.

Burnett has authored ten books: Survivor: The Ultimate Game, Survivor II: The Field Guide, The Survivor Manuel, Dare to Succeed, Jump In – The Alternate Survivor, A Story of God and All of Us Reflections, A Story of Christmas and All of Us, A Story of God and All of Us – The Bible Companion,Son of God and A Story of Easter and All of Us.

Early life
Burnett was born on 17 July 1960 in London, the only child of Archie and Jean Burnett, both Ford Motors factory workers, and was raised in Dagenham, Essex. His father was a Roman Catholic and his mother was a Presbyterian; it is not known in which denomination he was raised. At the age of 17, he enlisted in the British Army, and became a Section Commander in the Parachute Regiment. From 1978 to 1982 he served with the 3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment in C Company and saw action during the Falklands War and Northern Ireland. After his service, he initially planned to go to Central America and work as a "weapons and tactics adviser".

Early career
In October 1982, Burnett immigrated to the United States, where his friend Nick Hill, who had emigrated from the UK earlier, was working as a nanny and chauffeur. Hill knew of an open position for a live-in nanny with the Jaeger family in affluent Beverly Hills. Despite having no experience as a nanny, Burnett went on the interview. The Jaegers, realizing the advantage of having a nanny and security at the same time, hired him. After a year of working for the Jaegers, he moved on to another family in Malibu, California, taking care of two boys for $250 a week. He was eventually given a position in the insurance office owned by the boys' father. Two years later, Burnett rented a portion of a fence at Venice Beach in Los Angeles, and sold T-shirts for $18 each during weekends. Realizing he made more money selling T-shirts, he left his insurance job.

In 1991, Burnett and four others joined a French adventure competition, the Raid Gauloises. Afterward, Burnett saw a business opportunity in holding similar competitions. He purchased the format rights and brought a similar competition, Eco-Challenge, to America. Eco-Challenge launched Burnett's career as a television producer.

Productions

Burnett first produced the expedition race show Eco-Challenge in 1995. This led to the hit reality show Survivor which premiered in the summer of 2000, and was the most watched summer series since Sonny and Cher. Survivor was named the Number 1 reality series of all time by Entertainment Weekly in 2009.

In 2004, NBC premiered The Apprentice, a reality television series in which contestants competed for a job under real estate magnate and later US President Donald Trump.

Burnett has produced several other television franchises including: Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?, Shark Tank, The Voice, Beat Shazam, Coupled and TKO: Total Knock Out. He has maintained a strong presence in award show franchises, having produced the MTV Movie Awards (2007–2011), the annual People's Choice Awards (2010–2017), the Spike Video Game Awards (2011 & 2012) and the 2011 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards.

Burnett has produced more than 3,200 hours of television programming which regularly airs in more than 70 countries. Past shows include Celebrity Apprentice (NBC), Bully Beatdown, Combat Missions, The Contender, The Contender Asia, Expedition Africa, Expedition Impossible, How'd You Get So Rich?, Martha Stewart, My Dad Is Better than Your Dad, On the Lot (a collaboration with Steven Spielberg), Pirate Master, The Restaurant, Rock Star, Sarah Palin's Alaska, Stars Earn Stripes, Starmaker, Toughest Cowboy and Wedding Day.

As well as his ongoing productions, Burnett and his wife, actress Roma Downey, produced The Bible, a ten-hour History Channel drama based upon stories of the Bible. The Bible became the No. 1 new series on cable TV in 2013 and was the No. 1 series in Canada, Spain and Portugal. In total, with subsequent airings, The Bible was seen by more than 100 million viewers.

After the success of The Bible, Burnett and Downey started developing more faith-based scripted series. A.D. The Bible Continues premiered on NBC on Easter Sunday 2015, and The Dovekeepers miniseries aired on CBS in Spring 2015.

In September 2014, MGM acquired a 55 percent interest in One Three Media and LightWorkers Media. The two companies were consolidated into a new film and television company, United Artists Media Group, which was then acquired fully by MGM in 2015.

In December 2015, Burnett was named president of MGM Television and Digital Group, signing a five-year deal. Burnett's appointment was set up to occur simultaneously with the closing of MGM's acquisition of the remaining 45 percent of Hearst's, Burnett's and Roma Downey's interests in United Artists Media Group (UAMG), which would be absorbed under the MGM Television Group umbrella. MGM Television would now have numerous unscripted and scripted television shows airing on network and cable or in production, including: The Voice (NBC); Survivor (CBS); Shark Tank (ABC); Beyond the Tank (ABC); Celebrity Apprentice (NBC); Fargo (FX); Vikings (HISTORY); Teen Wolf (MTV); 500 Questions (ABC); The People's Choice Awards (CBS); LIGHT TV, Lucha Underground (El Rey Network) and America's Greatest Makers (INTEL/Turner). In June 2018, MGM appointed Burnett as Chairman of MGM Worldwide Television.

As of 2022, Burnett is the executive producer of five network television shows: Generation Gap (ABC), Beat Shazam (FOX), Shark Tank (ABC), Survivor (CBS) and The Voice (NBC). Burnett is also the executive producer of the cable series Lucha Underground (The El Rey Network) and The Contender (EPIX). In 2017, Burnett had timeslot winning shows on six nights out of seven. Moreover, as Chairman of MGM Worldwide Television, he oversees scripted television shows including, Fargo (FX), The Handmaid's Tale (Hulu), Vikings and Vikings: Valhalla (Netflix).

Personal life
Burnett's first wife was Kym Gold, but that marriage only lasted about a year.  Before that marriage ended he met Dianne J. Burnett (née Valentine) and they married in 1992; they have two sons together, James and Cameron. In 2014, Cameron survived a neuroendocrine tumor at the age of 17, had brain surgery and had to learn to walk again. He  was awarded the 2015 Courage Award at the Visionary Ball which raises money each year for UCLA's Department of Neurosurgery.

The couple filed for legal separation in September 2002, and a judgment for legal separation was granted in December 2003; they divorced in 2006. In January 2004, Burnett began dating Roma Downey. In November 2006, while the two were vacationing with their children in Zihuatanejo, Mexico, he proposed to her. They wed on 28 April 2007 in their Malibu home. The ceremony was officiated by Downey's former co-star, Della Reese.

Awards, honors and affiliations
In 2004, Time called Burnett one of the Most Influential People in the World Today. Burnett was also named "Philanthropist of the Year" by the Reality Cares Foundation. He has won both Brandweek's "Marketer of the Year Award", the prestigious Rose d'Or Frapa Format Award, the Brandon Tartikoff Legacy Award and the Norman Lear Award from the Producers Guild of America.

Burnett served for two years on the board of directors for the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. In November 2007, Burnett was elected into the Broadcast & Cable Hall of Fame and in 2008, it was announced that he would be honoured with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. On 8 July 2009, Burnett received a star at 6664 Hollywood Blvd. In June 2011, Burnett was elected into the Producers Guild of America Council Board of Delegates and currently serves on the Producers Council. He is an ambassador for Operation Smile.

In 2013, the ten-hour mini-series The Bible received the Parents Television Council 2013 Seal of Approval. Shark Tank, The Voice and Survivor were all nominated for Critics Choice Awards, at which the Voice won for Best Reality Series – Competition. The three shows were nominated for the Television Critics Association Awards, at which Shark Tank won for Outstanding Achievement in Reality Programming.

In 2013, The Voice, Shark Tank and The Bible were nominated for Primetime Emmy Awards; The Voice won for Outstanding Reality – Competition Program. The Voice and Shark Tank were nominated at the 2015 Critics' Choice Television Awards, at which Shark Tank won for Best Reality Series.

In 2014, Burnett was named the "Number 1 Reality Producer" on The Hollywood Reporter Reality Power List.

In 2014, Burnett and his wife Roma Downey were recipients of the Anti-Defamation League's Entertainment Industry Award. He and Downey are heavily involved with philanthropic organizations Operation Smile and Compassion International. In 2015, they partnered with the Institute for Global Engagement to launch the Cradle Fund (TCF). TCF is focused on raising $25 million to help Middle Eastern minorities displaced by ISIS to return to a home where they can practice their faith without fear. As of 2019, they have helped more than 10,000 displaced Christian refugees to relocate.

Awards

Special Awards
2004: Brandweek Marketer of the Year Award
2004: Reality Cares Foundation 'Philanthropist of the Year'
2004: 'Brandon Tartikoff Legacy Award'
2004: Time Magazine: 'Time 100: 100 Most Influential People in the World Today'
2005: Rose d'Or Frapa Format Award
2009: Producers Guild of America 'Norman Lear Award'
2009: Hollywood Walk of Fame Star: 'Excellence in Television'
2010: Producers Guild of America 'Lifetime Achievement Award in Television'
2013: TV Guide Magazine 'Producer of the Year'
2013: The Dove Foundation Recognition of 'Son of God'
2014: Anti-Defamation League 'Entertainment Award'

Nominations and wins
As reflected in the following chart, Burnett has been nominated for many television industry awards between 1999 and 2018, including Emmy Awards, Critics Choice Awards, Producers Guild of America Awards, People's Choice Awards, and more.

Published works
Mark Burnett; Martin Dugard (2000). Survivor: the Ultimate Game. New York: TV Books, L. L. C. .

See also
 List of television producers

References

External links

 SWINDLE Magazine Interview with Mark Burnett
 Corporate page

1960 births
American evangelicals
American reality television producers
Television producers from California
British Army personnel of the Falklands War
British Christians
British emigrants to the United States
British expatriates in the United States
British Parachute Regiment soldiers
Businesspeople from California
Businesspeople from London
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Living people
People from Dagenham
People from Malibu, California

Mark Burnett


Morten Wetche Frendrup (født 7. april 2001) er en dansk fodboldspiller, der spiller for den italienske Serie A klub Genoa.

Klubkarriere
Frendrup startede sin karriere i Tuse IF Fodbold, inden han skiftede til Holbæk B&I. Som U/14-spiller skiftede han til Brøndby IF.

Brøndby IF
Frendrup startede først på klubbens U/14-hold. Han var med til at vinde pokalturneringne i U/15-rækken over FC Nordsjælland den 11. maj 2016 med en 1-0-sejr, hvor han startede inde. Da han blev U/17-spiller, var han anfører for klubbens hold i U/17 Ligaen. I 2016-17-sæsonen blev Brøndby IF nummer to i rækken, som blev vundet af AGF.

Han var i sommeren 2017 med førsteholdstruppen på træningslejr til Østrig sammen med Masterclass-talenterne Christian Enemark og Andreas Bruus i en alder af 16 år. Han skrev i december 2017 under på en forlængelse af sin kontrakt frem til sommeren 2020.

Han fik sin debut i Superligaen den 11. februar 2018 i en alder af 16 år og 310 dage, da han blev skiftet ind i det 85. minut i stedet for Hany Mukhtar i en 1-3-sejr ude over Lyngby Boldklub. Han blev dermed den yngste debutant i Superligaen nogensinde for Brøndby IF, 37 dage yngre end den næstyngste debutant Magnus Warming. To runder senere, den 25. februar 2018, blev han skiftet ind i det 66. minut i stedet for Simon Tibbling i en kamp, som Brøndby IF vandt 6-1 hjemme over FC Helsingør.

Den 15. marts 2018 skrev Frendrup under på sin første fuldtidsprofessionelle seniorkontrakt. Det bevirkede, at parterne havde papir på hinanden frem til 2021, samt at han blev fast indlemmet i klubbens førsteholdstrup fra sommeren 2018.

Frendrups spillersang, som synges af Brøndby IF's fans er skrevet på melodien til "Speedy Gonzales" originalt udgivet med David Dante, som sanger.

Titler
Superligaen 2020-21 med Brøndby IF.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Danmark
Fodboldspillere fra Holbæk B&IF
Fodboldspillere fra Brøndby IF

Morten Frendrup


Vali Boghean () este un compozitor, muzician și instrumentist din Republica Moldova.

Copilărie
Vali Boghean este al 13-lea copil în familie. Primele cunoștinte despre muzică Valentin le ia de la tatăl său, care toată viața a cântat la baian pe la nunți și cumătrii.
La vârsta de 8 ani Valentin este înscris la Școala de muzică din orășelul Cornești în clasa de pian. Doi ani mai târziu începe a studia trompeta. La 13 ani cântă în orchestra de instrumente populare de la Centrul de Creație al copiilor din orașul Ungheni.

Activitate

Aghelia
În 1992, șapte din frații Boghean (cinci frați și două surori) înființează formația de muzică ușoară "Aghelia". Denumirea este aleasă în cinstea fratelui mai mare dispărut în circumstanțe suspicioase în armată în perioada sovietică. Trupa a devenit în scurt timp foarte populară atât în Ungheni cât și în republică. A urmat invitații la concerte în orașul Iași (România), unde formația care interpreta deosebit stilul Folk rock.

X-band
Revenit la Ungheni, după un timp, Valentin Boghean începe în modul cel mai serios să studieze și să interpreteze muzica jazz, avându-i ca profesori pe Pavel Căpățină și Ion Lincovschi. în 1999 însușește un nou instrument muzical - Saxofonul. În 2000 inființează, împreună cu Pavel Capațină și Ion Lincovschi formația de jazz-rock "X-Band", unde Valentin se impune ca un adevărat improvizator la Saxofon, dar și ca solist vocal.

Spre finele anului, formația "X-Band" din Ungheni, unde Valentin este în postură de lider instrumentist, se clasează pe locul I la Festivalul-concurs republican "Armoniile Toamnei", organizat de Centrul Național de Creație Populară, iar o lună mai târziu aceeași formație este nominalizată ca cea mai bună formație de muzică ușoară în cadrul Festivalului internațional de muzică "Steaua Chișinăului".

Trigon
În anii 2001 - 2003 a participat la mai multe festivale de muzică populară de unde s-a întors cu premii în compartimentul instrumente muzicale ( Festivalul Lăutarii Moldovei la Edineț, Festivalul de muzică populară din Năsăud – România, Festivalul folcoric Maria Tănase – România).

În anul 2003, Valentin este invitat de Anatol Ștefăneț, liderul formației "Trigon", să participe ca instrumentist în cadrul proiectului "SeaZONE", care avea drept scop imprimarea unui disc de muzică etno-jazz "Autumn Visit". Acest proiect a fost realizat în cele din urmă și cu participarea nemijlocită a chitaristului din Crimeea, Enver İzmaylov. După această colaborare, Valentin a devenit membru a Trigonului până în 2007.

A urmat o colaborare cu formația de etno-jazz georgiană The Shin, precum și cu Transbalcanica. În 2014 Vali Boghean a început din nou să colaboreze cu Trigonul și o face și în prezent.

Boghean Band
În 2009 Vali Boghean și-a înființat propria lui formație Vali Boghean Band, împreună cu Valeriu Cașcaval, Sandu Daraban și Oleg Lașcu. Mai tarziu s-au alaturat Gari Tverdohleb, Valentin Schirca, Gheorghe Postoronca și Radu Talambuță, Bogdan Turcan.  Componența trupei s-a modifcat de-a lungul timpului, au mai colobarat și Vitalie Țurcanu, Sandu Focșa.
Muzica lui Boghean Band conține improvizații originale și este dificil de definit ca un gen specific, fiind o fuziune a Jazzului Balcanic, a Ethno-Estului European, a Folclorului, a Muzicii Orientale, a țiganilor, a elementelor clasice, toate combinate într-un mod modern. Acest buchet muzical creează cele mai variate sentimente, creând o atmosferă în care toată lumea se poate găsi.

Toți membrii sunt muzicieni cu experiență vastă din multe proiecte naționale și internaționale.

În decembrie 2010, Vali și trupa sa au susținut primul concert  la Teatrul de Opera și Balet în colaborare cu Victor Socaciu.
În prezent, trupa este formată din șase instrumentisti fondatori, dar în diferite concerte  ei colaborează împreună cu alți șase, astfel trupa unește în total 12 instrumentiști talentați și sunt apreciați atit acasă, cât și peste hotare.

Colaborări
Făcând parte din trupa Trigon, Valentin a mai coloborat între timp cu formația georgiană de etno-jazz The Shin și cu formația Transbalcanica, împreuna cu Marcel Ștefănet.

Alte colaborări
Adriana Rusu, Ana Barbu și Natalia Barbu,  Silvia Grigore, Geta Voinovan, Victor Buruiană, Valentin Dînga, Valeriu Cordineanu, Mircea Guțu, orchestra "Lăutarii" dirijor Nicolae Botgros, orchestra "Folclor" dirijor P.Neamțu, orchestra "Mugurel" dirijor I.Dascal, orchestra "Fluieraș" dirijor S.Ciuhrii.

Performanțe artistice
 1997 - locul II  în cadrul Festivalului "Galbenă Gutuie"
 2001 - Trofeul Festivalului "Lăutarii Moldovenești", Edineț;
 2002 - laureat al Festivalului de muzică folclorică "Maria Drăgan", Nisporeni
 2001 - laureat al Festivalului de Muzică folclorică "Pe malul Dunării" Giurgiu, România
 2001 - locul II la Festivalul "Maria Tănase" Craiova, România;
 2005 - locul I la Festivalul  Folcloric "De Ispas la Năsăud", Bistrița-Năsăud, România
 2005 - Trofeul  ediției I a Festivalului "Nicolae Sulac", Chișinău
 2006 - Trofeul Festivalului "Festivalul Mamaia - 2006", secția folclor, Mamaia - România
 2013 – Tofeul "Potcoava de Aur" muzică ușoară, ediția a VIII-a

Discografie
 2003 – Autumn visit cu Trigon, Polidisc Records (Moldova)
 2004 – Seven steps cu Trigon, MAVR Company (Moldova)
 2005 – Transbalkanica cu Transbalkanica, Media PRO (România)
 2011 – Doar ea Boghean Band, Independent Label (Moldova)

Teatru și film
 12 Scaune (2012) în regia lui Petru Hadârcă
 Hronicul Găinarilor (2014) în regia lui Petru Hadârcă
 Pepe ciorap lung (2015) în regia lui Petru Hadârcă
 Aveți ceva de declarat? (2016) în regia lui Petru Hadârcă
 Seceta Roșie (2017) în regia lui Petru Hadârcă
 Scurtmetrajul animat Dji Death Sails pentru Simpals Animation Studio

Legături externe

Referințe

Cântăreți moldoveni
Compozitori moldoveni
Nașteri în 1977
Moldoveni în viață
Etno-Jazz
Nașteri pe 21 septembrie

Vali Boghean


Tschuja (russisch ) steht für:
 Flüsse im asiatischen Teil Russlands:
 Tschuja (Katun), Nebenfluss des Katun im Altai
 Tschuja (Lena), Nebenfluss der Lena in Ostsibirien
 Tschuja (Maja), Nebenfluss der Maja in Ostsibirien
 Tschuja (Ort), Dorf in der Oblast Irkutsk (Russland)

Tschuja


Leif Åke Zern (* 6. Juli 1939) ist ein schwedischer Schriftsteller und Theaterkritiker.

Leben
Von 1964 bis 1966 arbeitete Zern für die Zeitung Stockholms-Tidningen und von 1982 bis 1993 als Leiter der Kulturredaktion für die Zeitung Expressen. Bei der Zeitung Dagens Nyheter war er von 1968 bis 1982 Theaterkritiker und setzt dort diese Tätigkeit seit 1993 wieder fort.

Zern veröffentlichte Bücher über William Shakespeare und den Regisseur Ingmar Bergman (Se Bergman). Über viele Jahre verfolgte und kommentierte er die europäische Gegenwartsdramatik. 2006 erschien in deutscher Übersetzung das Buch Das leuchtende Dunkle über den Schriftsteller Jon Fosse, den er seit dessen Anfängen Mitte der neunziger Jahre kennt.

Heute wohnt Zern in Uppsala.

Werke (Auswahl)
 Omvänd kikare, 1963
 Don Quijote: ett skådespel om liberalismens omöjlighet (zusammen mit Ronny Ambjörnsson), 1971
 Älskaren och mördaren: Shakespeare och den andra spelplatsen, 1984
 Venus armar: essäer, 1989
 Se Bergman, 1993
 Das leuchtende Dunkle: Zu Jon Fosses Dramatik (schwedisch: Det lysande mörkret : Jon Fosses dramatik), 2006, ISBN 978-3-9808231-7-3

Weblinks

 Kurzbiografie bei Nationalencyklopedin (schwedisch), abgerufen am 20. März 2012

Einzelnachweise

Träger der Litteris et Artibus
Autor
Schwede
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Schwedisch)
Theaterkritiker
Geboren 1939
Mann

Leif Zern


Lili Sandu (n. 28 mai 1979, Tulcea) este o actriță și cântăreață română. Cariera lui Lili Sandu a început în anul 1995, a avut primul contact cu scena prin intermediul Școlii Vedetelor, după care a colaborat cu trupa Trinity, împreună cu Ileana Lazariuc. Lili a avut o scurtă carieră solo până în anul 2009, iar apoi a plecat în SUA pentru a deveni actriță.

Biografie
În 1998 a luat locul III la Festivalul de muzică ușoară "Mamaia '98", secțiunea interpretare, iar în anul 2000 a devenit componentă a trupei Trinity. În 2005 își începe cariera muzicală sub numele de "Lil'Lee", single-ul său de debut "Aproape de tine", tot in acelasi an a jucat în telenovelele Numai iubirea, difuzată pe Acasă TV și Păcatele Evei. În anul 2007 a lansat videoclipul piesei "Jump". Tot în același an, Lili lansează primul albumul "Under my soul", care cuprinde  cuprinde 12 piese în limba engleză, creații ale unor compozitori și textieri francezi: Nicky Baker, Didier Atlan, Bruno Linck, Michael Giorgi, Cedric Sheitan Ratanga.

În anul 2008 Lili Sandu și-a continuat cariera cu rolul său din telenovela "Doctori de mame" cât și cu noul single "Hot sound maker"

În anul 2014 ea a fost co-prezentatoarea emisiunii Dansează printre stele difuzată pe Antena 1 alături de Victor Slav.

În anul 2016 până în 2017 ea a fost V Reporter emisiunea Vocea României difuzată pe PRO TV alături de Pavel Bartoș.

În anul 2017 a participat la Uite Cine Dansează difuzat de PRO TV cu Iulian Țurcanu a fost eliminat pe 27 martie 2017.

În anul 2018 a participat la Exatlon România difuzat de Kanal D România în echipa Faimoșii a fost eliminat în episodul 20 a patra eliminare.

În anul 2019, Lili Sandu a devenit prezentatoarea emisiunii FanArena ,show difuzat de Kanal D România. Pentru diferite emisiuni ea a colaborat cu PRO TV.

În anul 2022, Lili Sandu este prezentatoarea emisiunii Vorbește Lumea, show difuzat de PRO TV alături cu Bogdan Ciudoiu și Andrei Lăcătuș (Șurubel).

Filmografie
 (2005) Păcatele Evei
 (2006) Daria, iubirea mea
 (2007) Inimă de țigan
 (2008) Îngerașii
 (2009) State de România

Referințe

Legături externe
 Lili Sandu la CineMagia

Nașteri în 1979
Cântărețe române
Actrițe române de televiziune
Tulceni
Artiști români în viață
Concurenți ai emisiunii Dansez pentru tine

Lili Sandu


Weymouth and Portland was a local government district and borough in Dorset, England from 1974 to 2019. It consisted of the resort of Weymouth and the Isle of Portland, and includes the areas of Wyke Regis, Preston, Melcombe Regis, Upwey, Broadwey, Southill, Nottington, Westham, Radipole, Chiswell, Castletown, Fortuneswell, Weston, Southwell and Easton; the latter six being on the Isle of Portland.

In Portland Harbour is the Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy, where the sailing events at the 2012 Olympics took place. The main reason that the resort was chosen to be an Olympic venue was that the Sailing Academy had only recently been built, so no new venue would need to be provided. Weymouth and Portland's waters have also been credited by the Royal Yachting Association as the best in Northern Europe.

Weymouth and Portland have been twinned with the town of Holzwickede in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, since 1986, and the French town of Louviers, in the department of Eure in Normandy, since 1959.

Politics
The district of Weymouth and Portland was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, which merged the borough of Weymouth and Melcombe Regis and the nearby Portland urban district. The district was divided into 15 wards for elections—12 of those in Weymouth, and three in Portland. Elections took place in a four-year cycle; one third of the councillors in all but three wards retire or seek re-election in years one, two and three, and county council elections were held in year four. In its final term the District Council was a multi-party administration under the leadership of the Conservatives.

Weymouth and Portland and Purbeck districts were in the South Dorset parliamentary constituency, created in 1885. The constituency elects one Member of Parliament. The current MP for South Dorset is Richard Drax, a member of the Conservative Party, who was voted in during the 2010 General Election, beating the incumbent Labour MP Jim Knight. Weymouth and Portland, the rest of the south west, and Gibraltar were in the South West England constituency of the European Parliament.

The borough and its council was abolished on 1 April 2019 and, together with the other 4 districts outside the greater Bournemouth area, formed a new Dorset unitary authority. At the same time, a town council serving only Weymouth and its suburbs was formed, called Weymouth Town Council.

See also

 Weymouth and Portland Borough Council elections
 List of churches in Weymouth and Portland

References

Former non-metropolitan districts of Dorset
Former boroughs in England
2019 disestablishments in England

Weymouth and Portland


Snemanden er en britisk spillefilm instrueret af Tomas Alfredson og cinematografi af Dion Beebe og baseret på romanen Snemanden af Jo Nesbø.

Medvirkende
 Michael Fassbender som Harry Hole
 Rebecca Ferguson som Katrine Bratt
 Charlotte Gainsbourg som Rakel
 J.K. Simmons som Arve Støp
 Chloë Sevigny som Sylvia Ottersen
 Ronan Vibert som Gunnar Hagen
 James D'Arcy som Filip Becker
 Jamie Clayton som Edda
 Toby Jones som Gert Rafto
 David Dencik som Idar Vetlesen
 Jakob Oftebro som Skarre
 Jonas Karlsson som Mathias Lund-Helgeson

Eksterne henvisninger

Britiske film fra 2017
Thrillerfilm fra Storbritannien
Film baseret på bøger

Snemanden (film fra 2017)


Johnstown est un village américain situé dans le comté de Licking, dans l'Ohio. Selon le recensement de 2020, sa population est de .

Liens externes

Village dans l'Ohio
Comté de Licking

Johnstown (Ohio)


László Szabó (šahist), mađarski šahovski velemajstor
László Szabó (glumac)
László Szabó (šahovski dužnosnik)

László Szabó


نورث توناواندا  هي مدينةفي ولاية نيويورك الأمريكية. يبلغ عدد سكانها حسب تعداد سنة 2000: 33,262 نسمة. ويبلغ عددهم حسب تقدير 2007 حوالي:31,411 نسمة.

التركيبة السكانية
حدّد مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بيانات التركيبة السكانية لنورث توناواندا في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.

تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان نورث توناواندا 33,262 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 13,671 أسرة وعدد العائلات 8,987 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 14,425 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 97.86% من البيض و0.29% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.34% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و0.53% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.01% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و0.29% من الأعراق الأخرى و0.68% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و1.09% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 13,671 أسرة كانت نسبة 31.9% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 50.8% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 11.1% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 3.8% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 34.3% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 29.5% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 12.8% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.43، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.03.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 38.4 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 23.7% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 8.6% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 28.9% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 23% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 15.4% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 94.8 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 90.8 ذكر.

بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في المدينة 39,154 دولارًا، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 50,219 دولارًا. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 36,551 دولارًا مقابل 25,129 دولارًا للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالمدينة 19,264 دولارًا. وكانت نسبة 5.4% من العائلات ونسبة 7.2% من السكان تحت خط الفقر، وكان من هؤلاء نسبة 9.4% تحت سن الثامنة عشر ونسبة 6.1% في الخامسة والستين من العمر وما فوق.

تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان نورث توناواندا 31,568 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 14,004 أسرة وعدد العائلات 8,357 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 14,757 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 96.47% من البيض و0.80% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.38% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و0.74% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.03% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و0.28% من الأعراق الأخرى و1.30% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و1.69% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 14,004 أسرة كانت نسبة 24.9% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 43.8% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 11.3% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 4.5% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 40.3% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 34.1% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 12.5% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.24، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 2.89.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 42.4 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 19.4% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 9.3% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 24.9% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 30.8% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 15.7% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 48.8% ذكور و51.2% إناث.

أعلام
 جيم بريتون
 سيندي برادلي
 دون سميث
 بيتر بوس
 جيمس راند جونيور

مراجع

مدن ولاية نيويورك
مدن في مقاطعة نياغرا (نيويورك)

نورث توناواندا (نيويورك)


Primorsko-goranska zonska nogometna liga, također kao i Zonska liga Međuopćinskog nogometnog saveza Rijeka je bila liga petog stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1981./82.
Sudjelovalo je ukupno 14 klubova, a prvak je bio klub "Crikvenica".

Ljestvica

 ljestvica bez jedne utakmice

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Povezani članci
 Regionalna liga Rijeka – Pula 1981./82.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 Petar Pavlić: Crikvenička nogometna kronika : naših '90 let, Crikvenica, 2009., UDK: 796.332(497.5), str. 117., 228.
 Vladimir Jugo i dr.: Nogometni klub Halubjan, Viškovo : srebrni jubilej, Viškovo, 1996., , str. 76–77.
 kvarnerski.com, SAMO NA KVARNERSKOM: NOGOMET RIJEKE i OKOLICE dio 1. (1945-1991), objavljeno 25. srpnja 2013., pristupljeno 27. kolovoza 2021.

1981-82 1 zonska Primorsko-goranska
Primorsko-goranska
1981-82 Primorsko-goranska

Primorsko-goranska zonska nogometna liga 1981./82.


Almachius Vincent Rweyongeza (Bushagara-Kamacumu, Tanzânia, 1 de janeiro de 1956) é um ministro tanzaniano e bispo católico romano de Kayanga.

Almachius Vincent Rweyongeza recebeu o Sacramento da Ordem em 6 de dezembro de 1981 para a Diocese de Bukoba.

Em 14 de agosto de 2008, o Papa Bento XVI o nomeou ao Bispo de Kayanga. O arcebispo de Dar es Salaam, cardeal Polycarp Pengo, consagrou-o bispo em 6 de novembro do mesmo ano; Os co-consagradores foram o Bispo de Rulenge-Ngara, Severine Niwemugizi, e o Bispo de Bukoba, Nestorius Timanywa.

Ver também

Bispos católicos da Tanzânia

Almachius Vincent Rweyongeza


الفرقة 36 هي فرقة مدرعة إسرائيلية تشكلت عام 1954 وهي تتبع القيادة الشمالية للجيش الإسرائيلي، تعد الفرقة المدرعة 36 أكبر تشكيلات العسكرية العاملة في الجيش الإسرائيلي.

 الفرقة المدرعة 36
 اللواء المدرع 188
 اللواء المدرع 7
 لواء المشاة الأول "جولاني"
 لواء مدرع (احتياط)
 اللواء 609 مشاة (احتياط)
 فوج المدفعية 212
 كتيبة المدفعية 334
 كتيبة المدفعية 405
 كتيبة المدفعية 411
 كتيبة إشارة

القيادة الشمالية للجيش الإسرائيلي
فرق إسرائيل
وحدات وتشكيلات عسكرية إسرائيلية

الفرقة 36 (إسرائيل)


Treat People with Kindness est une chanson du chanteur anglais Harry Styles sortie initialement le  sur l'album Fine Line sous les labels Columbia Records et Erskine.

La chanson est d'abord sortie le 13 décembre 2019 dans l'album sous les labels Columbia et Erskine Records et inclus les chœurs du groupe new yorkais Lucius. La chanson fut ensuite sortie en tant que sixième single de l'album Fine Line le , accompagnée d'un clip vidéo réalisé sous la direction de Gabe et Ben Turner et en présence de l'actrice Phoebe Waller-Bridge. Dans une interview avec Music Week, Harry Styles explique s'être inspiré de David Bowie pour cette chanson, la présentant comme étant un "hommage".

Contexte
Styles s'est inspiré pour écrire la chanson après avoir adopté la phrase comme slogan pour sa première tournée. Elle est écrite pendant la fin des sessions d'enregistrement de l'album avec le producteur Jeff Bhasker et le compositeur Ilsey Jober.

Les chanteuses du groupe Lucius, Jess Wolfe et Holly Laessig, sont invitées au studio pour travailler avec Styles sur une autre chanson ; pendant leurs sessions, le chanteur anglais leur demande de chanter sur l'enregistrement instrumental et il enregistre sa voix. Comme l'a noté le groupe, la voix des femmes est un élément central de la chanson ; dans une interview indépendante accordée au Los Angeles Times, le duo déclare avoir demandé à Styles d'être crédité en tant qu'artiste principal.

Clip
Le clip est réalisé par Gabe et Ben Turner, qui ont déjà travaillé avec Harry Styles. Il est sorti le  et met en scène l'actrice et scénariste Phoebe Waller-Bridge.

Turner explique que c'est Harry Styles qui a personnellement demandé à l'actrice d'apparaître dans le clip. Turner explique aussi que le style de danse présent dans le clip est inspiré par la scène de danse de Nicholas Brothers dans Stormy Weather, un film de 1943. Le chorégraphe Paul Roberts explique qu'il s'est également inspiré de Fred Astaire et Gene Kelly.

Distinctions

Classements

Références

Chanson de 2019
Single musical sorti en 2021
Chanson interprétée par Harry Styles
Chanson écrite par Harry Styles
Single publié par Columbia Records

Treat People with Kindness


Asesinatos S.L. (título original The Assassination Bureau, Ltd), es una novela, comenzada por Jack London y terminada después de su muerte por Robert L. Fish. Fue publicada en 1963.

Reseña
La historia sigue a Ivan Dragomiloff, quien, en un giro del destino, se encuentra enfrentándose contra la agencia secreta de asesinatos que el mismo fundó.
La novela está basada en una idea que London compró al autor Sinclair Lewis (Elmer Gantry) a principios de 1910. London escribió 20.000 palabras para antes de que terminara ese mismo año, pero sin acabarla, diciendo que él no pudo encontrar un camino lógico para concluirla. Murió en 1916, dejando inconcluso el libro.

La novela nos muestra a una organización secreta, Asesinatos S.L., dedicada al asesinato de personas malvadas o corruptas, por ejemplo, jefes de policías, legisladores y políticos. La organización DEBE estar convencida, sin lugar a dudas, que la persona es realmente malvada y que merece ser asesinada.

En 1963, el escritor de misterio Robert L. Fish completó la novela basándose en el manuscrito inacabado y con notas adicionales de London y un esquema final realizado por la esposa de London, Charmian, poco antes de su muerte en 1955.

Primera Frase
"Era un hombre guapo, con grandes ojos de líquido negro, una tez oliva que fue colocada sobre una piel clara, limpia, y una textura de excesiva suavidad y con una mata de cabello negro rizado que invita a acariciar - en corto, el tipo de un hombre que a las mujeres les gusta mirar y también, el tipo de un hombre que conoce muy bien este incitante cualidad de su aspecto."

Adaptación
En 1969, Asesinatos S.L. fue llevada al cine, protagonizada por Diana Rigg, Oliver Reed, Telly Savalas y Curt Jurgens. Dirigida por Basil Dearden, la película fue nominada para un Premio Globo de oro en 1970 para mejor película extranjera de habla inglesa y Rigg fue nominada una Golden Laurel en 1970 como Nueva Cara Femenina. Considerando que la novela de London transcurre en los Estados Unidos, la película está ambientada en Europa en el siglo XX.

Novelas de 1963
Novelas policíacas
Novelas de Jack London
Novelas publicadas póstumamente
Novelas estadounidenses adaptadas al cine
Novelas inacabadas
Vigilantes ficticios

Asesinatos S.L.


Ragnar Nurkse () a fost un economist și autor de politici economice de origine estonă, specialist în domeniul finanțelor internaționale și al dezvoltării economice.

Biografie
Ragnar Nurkse s-a născut în satul Käru, aflat atunci în Gubernia Livonia din Imperiul Rus (acum în comuna Käru, comitatul Rapla, Estonia), ca fiul unui tată eston care a evoluat de la meseria de tăietor de lemne până la cea de administrator de moșie și al unei mame suedezo-estone. Părinții lui au emigrat în Canada în anul 1928.

După ce a urmat școala primară în limba rusă, Nurkse a studiat la Școala Catedralei din Tallinn, cel mai prestigios liceu în limba germană din oraș, pe care l-a absolvit cu onoruri în 1928. Și-a continuat studiile la Facultatea de Drept și Economie din cadrul Universității din Tartu între 1926 și 1928 și apoi la Facultatea de Economie a Universității din Edinburgh. A absolvit cu licență în economie, sub conducerea profesorului Sir Frederick Ogilvie, în 1932. El a obținut o bursă Carnegie pentru a studia la Universitatea din Viena din 1932 până în 1934.

Nurkse a lucrat la Departamentul Financiar și la Serviciul de Informații Economice ale Ligii Națiunilor din 1934 până în 1945. El a fost analist financiar și a fost în mare parte responsabil pentru publicarea studiilor monetare anuale. El a fost, de asemenea, implicat în elaborarea studiilor The Review of World Trade și World Economic Surveys și a raportului Delegației de cercetare a Depresiunilor Economice intitulat "Tranziția de la economia de război la economia de pace".

În 1945 Nurkse a acceptat numirea ca profesor la Universitatea Columbia din New York. A fost lector invitat la Universitatea Columbia din 1945 până în 1946, apoi a fost membru al Institutului pentru Studii Avansate de la Princeton, New Jersey, din 1946 până în 1947, și a revenit la Columbia ca profesor asociat de economie în 1947. În 1949 a fost promovat la rangul de profesor de economie, o poziție pe care a deținut-o aproape până la moartea sa, în 1959. Nurkse a petrecut un an sabatic (1954-1955) la Colegiul Nuffield din cadrul Universității din Oxford și în 1958-1959, încă un an sabatic în care a studiat dezvoltarea economică la Universitatea din Geneva și a ținut prelegeri în întreaga lume.

În 1958 Ragnar Nurkse a acceptat postul de profesor de economie și de director al Secției de Finanțe Internaționale la Universitatea Princeton. Cu toate acestea, înainte de a putea prelua aceste posturi, Nurske a murit subit la vârsta de 52 de ani, atunci când a revenit la Geneva în primăvara anului 1959.

Cu ocazia aniversării a 100 de ani de la nașterea sa, pe 5 octombrie 2007, Poșta Estonă a emis un timbru comemorativ în onoarea lui Nurkse. Un mare monument de piatră cu o placă comemorativă a fost dezvelit, de asemenea, în fața casei în care s-a născut în Käru. El a fost, de asemenea, onorat anterior, în anul 2007, prin inaugurarea unei serii de prelegeri organizate de Banca Estoniei și printr-o conferință internațională organizată de Universitatea Tehnologică din Tallinn în cadrul programului de Guvernare Tehnologică. Un post de profesor de economie la Universitatea Columbia îi poartă numele.

Lucrări
Nurkse este unul dintre părinții fondatori ai disciplinei universitare Economia dezvoltării. Împreună cu Paul Rosenstein-Rodan și Kurt Mandelbaum, el a promovat "teoria big push", a subliniat rolul economiilor și a formării capitalului în dezvoltarea economică,și a susținut că țările sărace au rămas sărace din cauza unui cerc vicios al sărăciei. Printre lucrările sale majore sunt International Currency Experience: Lessons of the Interwar Period (1944), textul Acordului de la Bretton Woods, Conditions of International Monetary Equilibrium (1945) și Problems of Capital Formation in Underdeveloped Countries (1953).

Viața particulară
Ragnar Nurkse s-a căsătorit cu Harriet Berger din Englewood, New Jersey în 1946, iar soții au avut doi fii. Unul dintre ei este poetul Dennis Nurkse.

Note

Bibliografie
 Nurkse, Ragnar. Trade and Development. Rainer Kattel, Jan A. Kregel and Erik S. Reinert, eds. London – New York: Anthem, 2009. () Collection of all key works by Nurkse.
 Nurkse, Ragnar (1944). International Currency Experience: Lessons of the Interwar Period. Geneva: League of Nations.
 Kattel, Rainer, Jan A. Kregel and Erik S. Reinert, eds. Ragnar Nurkse (1907–2007): Classical Development Economics and its Relevance for Today. London – New York: Anthem, 2009. ()
 Kukk, Kalev (2004). (Re)discovering Ragnar Nurkse . Kroon & Economy No. 1, 2004.

Legături externe
 Hans-Heinrich Bass: Ragnar Nurkse's Development Theory: Influences and Perceptions. In: R. Kattel, J. A. Kregel, E. S. Reinert (Hrsg.): Ragnar Nurkse (1907–2007). Classical Development Economics and its Relevance for Today. London: Anthem Press, S. 183–202. (PDF; 94 kB)
 Ragnar Nurkse Papers at Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University

Nașteri în 1907
Decese în 1959
Economiști din secolul al XX-lea
Economiști americani
Economiști estoni

Ragnar Nurkse


The term amphibolic () is used to describe a biochemical pathway that involves both catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is a degradative phase of metabolism in which large molecules are converted into smaller and simpler molecules, which involves two types of reactions. First, hydrolysis reactions, in which catabolism is the breaking apart of molecules into smaller molecules to release energy. Examples of catabolic reactions are digestion and cellular respiration, where sugars and fats are broken down for energy. Breaking down a protein into amino acids, or a triglyceride into fatty acids, or a disaccharide into monosaccharides are all hydrolysis or catabolic reactions. Second, oxidation reactions involve the removal of hydrogens and electrons from an organic molecule. Anabolism is the biosynthesis phase of metabolism in which smaller simple precursors are converted to large and complex molecules of the cell. Anabolism has two classes of reactions. The first are dehydration synthesis reactions; these involve the joining of smaller molecules together to form larger, more complex molecules. These include the formation of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. The second are reduction reactions, in which hydrogens and electrons are added to a molecule.  Whenever that is done, molecules gain energy.

The term amphibolic was proposed by B. Davis in 1961 to emphasise the dual metabolic role of such pathways. These pathways are considered to be central metabolic pathways which provide, from catabolic sequences, the intermediates which form the substrate of the metabolic processes.

Reactions exist as amphibolic pathway
All the reactions associated with synthesis of biomolecule converge into the following pathway, viz., glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain, exist as an amphibolic pathway, meaning that they can function anabolically as well as catabolically.

Other important amphibolic pathways are the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway and the Entner–Doudoroff pathway.

Embden-Meyerhoff

The Embeden–Meyerhof pathway and the Krebs cycle are the centre of metabolism in nearly all bacteria and eukaryotes. They provide not only energy but also precursors for biosynthesis of macromolecules that make up living systems.

Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) is a good example of an amphibolic pathway because it functions in both the degradative (carbohydrate, protein, and fatty acid) and biosynthetic processes. The citric acid cycle occurs on the cytosol of bacteria and within the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. It provides electrons to the electron transport chain which is used to drive the production of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation. Intermediates in the citric acid cycle, such as oxaloacetate, are used to synthesize macromolecule constituents such as amino acids, e.g. glutamate and aspartate.

The first reaction of the cycle, in which oxaloacetate (a four-carbon compound) condenses with acetate (a two-carbon compound) to form citrate (a six-carbon compound) is typically anabolic. The next few reactions, which are intramolecular rearrangements, produce isocitrate. The following two reactions, namely the conversion of D-isocitrate to α-Ketoglutarate followed by its conversion to succinyl-CoA, are typically catabolic. Carbon dioxide is lost in each step and succinate (a four-carbon compound) is produced.

There is an interesting and critical difference in the coenzymes used in catabolic and anabolic pathways; in catabolism NAD+ serves as an oxidizing agent when it is reduced to NADH. Whereas in anabolism the coenzyme NADPH serves as the reducing agent and is converted to its oxidized form NADP+.

Citric acid cycle has two modes that play two roles, the first being energy production produced by the oxidative mode, as the acetyl group of acetyl-coA is fully oxidized to CO2.  This produces most of the ATP in the metabolism of aerobic heterotrophic metabolism, as this energy conversion in the membrane structure (cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria and mitochondria in eukaryotes) by oxidative phosphorylation by moving electron from donor (NADH and FADH2) to the acceptor O2. Every cycle give 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, CO2 and GTP. The second role is biosynthetic, as citric acid cycle regenerate oxaloacetate when cycle intermediates are removed for biosynthesis.

Pentose phosphate pathway
The pentose phosphate pathway gets its name because it involves several intermediates that are phosphorylated five-carbon sugars (pentoses). This pathway provides monomers for many metabolic pathways by transforming glucose into the four-carbon sugar erythrose and the five-carbon sugar ribose; these are important monomers in many metabolic pathways. Many of the reactants in this pathway are similar to those in glycolysis, and both occur in cytosol. The ribose-5-phosphate can be transported into the nucleic acid metabolism, producing the basis of DNA and RNA monomers, the nucleotides. In meristematic cells, large amounts of DNA must be produced during the S-phase of a short cell cycle; this pathway is an extremely important part of the metabolism of these cells. In these cells, the pentose phosphate pathway is active and shifted in favor of ribose production.

Entner-Doudoroff pathway
The Entner-Doudoroff pathway is a glycolytic pathway that is considered the second pathway used for carbohydrates used by certain microbes. In this process, glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized through 6-phosphogluconate to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, with the concomitant reduction of NADP. By conventional glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate oxidation to pyruvate, one NAD is reduced and a net one ATP is formed. In that pathway, for every glucose molecule there is an "investment" of one ATP molecule and a yield of two ATP and two pyruvate molecules and one NADH. The difference between the glycolytic used by humans and this pathway is that the latter requires one ATP to yield two ATP and two pyruvates as a net of only one NADPH produced and one ATP result (from substrate-level phosphorylation), and the former requires two ATP molecules to yield four ATP and two pyruvate molecules per glucose as a net of two ATP molecules.

Regulation
The cell determines whether the amphibolic pathway will function as an anabolic or catabolic pathway by enzyme–mediated regulation at a transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. As many reactions in amphibolic pathways are freely reversible or can be bypassed, irreversible steps that facilitate their dual function are necessary. The pathway uses a different enzyme for each direction for the irreversible step in the pathway, allowing independent regulation of catabolism and anabolism. Due their inherent duality, amphibolic pathways represent the regulation modes of both anabolic by its negative feedback end product and catabolic by feedback by energy indicator sequences.

References

Metabolism

Amphibolic


Andrónico Paleólogo (en griego: Ανδρόνικος Παλαιολόγος; serbio: Андроник Палеолог) (Monemvasía, 1404 - Tesalónica, 4 de marzo de 1429) fue un príncipe bizantino y el último gobernador bizantino de Tesalónica con el título de déspota desde 1408 hasta 1423. Fue el hijo del emperador bizantino Manuel II Paleólogo y de la princesa serbia Helena Dragaš. Debido al sitio otomano de Tesalónica y la gran hambruna en la ciudad, Andrónico se la entregó a los venecianos en 1423, después de lo cual se retiró del poder y se convirtió en un monje.

Biografía

Andrónico Paleólogo fue un hijo del emperador bizantino Manuel II Paleólogo y su esposa Helena Dragaš. Su abuelo materno fue el príncipe serbio Constantino Dragaš. Sus hermanos, incluidos los emperadores Juan VIII Paleólogo y Constantino XI Paleólogo, así como Teodoro II Paleólogo, Demetrio Paleólogo y Tomás Paleólogo, que gobernaron como déspotas de Morea.

Durante su infancia Andrónico sobrevivió a la enfermedad que mató a sus hermanos Miguel y Constantino. Nunca se recuperó en su totalidad, siguió siendo un hombre de mala salud durante el resto de su vida. Cuando tenía sólo cinco años su padre lo convirtió en déspota y lo nombró representante imperial en Tesalónica, donde sucedió a su fallecido primo Juan VII Paleólogo. Como aún era menor de edad, durante los primeros años de su gobierno allí hasta 1415/1416, estuvo bajo la tutela del general Demetrio Láscaris Leontares.

Cuando en 1421 su hermano Juan VIII Paleólogo fue nombrado coemperador por su padre Manuel II Paleólogo, el Imperio bizantino estaba en conflicto con el Imperio otomano, y por este motivo entre 1422 y 1423 los otomanos sitiaron Constantinopla y Tesalónica. Bajo el asedio Andrónico perdió las esperanzas de victoria contra los otomanos y comenzó las negociaciones diplomáticas, porque la ciudad fue anexada a la República de Venecia, ya que Andrónico sentía que los venecianos podrían proteger la segunda ciudad más grande del Imperio bizantino. En ese momento Andrónico no pensó en el orgullo del Imperio bizantino, pero pensó que la gente de Tesalónica sería masacrada por los turcos cuando estos entraran en la ciudad, y pensó que lo mejor sería entregar la ciudad a los venecianos. Después de largas negociaciones, la ciudad fue vendida por 50.000 ducados. Las tropas venecianas entraron en la ciudad el 14 de septiembre de 1423, contra los deseos de la población, pero Andrónico lo había hecho por su propio bien. Andrónico había contribuido sin saberlo al estallido de la primera de una serie de guerras entre la República de Venecia y el Imperio otomano. Los otomanos conquistaron Tesalónica en 1430.

Andrónico se convirtió en monje menos de un año después de haberse entregado Tesalónica a Venecia. Pasó el resto de su vida en un monasterio, muriendo el 4 de marzo de 1429. Anteriormente, sólo había tenido un hijo, llamado Juan, y su progenie terminó con su bisnieta llamada Sofía Paleóloga casada con Giorgio Trasci caballero de Koroni.

Referencias

Fallecidos en Salónica
Gobernantes bizantinos de Tesalónica
Dinastía de los Paleólogos
Monacato ortodoxo
Guerras otomano-bizantinas
Déspotas
Monjes cristianos del siglo XV

Andrónico Paleólogo


Das Trio Soli Sono ist ein Querflötenensemble mit dem Instrumentarium von Piccolo bis Bassflöte. Das Ensemble widmet sich der Interpretation und Aufführung der Flötentrios vom Barock bis hin zur Neuen Musik mit Schwerpunkt auf Originalliteratur. Neben den konventionellen Konzerten entwickelte das Trio musikalisch-szenische Darstellungen mit Kostümen, literarisch-musikalische Performances mit Schauspielern und Erzählern sowie Joint Venture-Projekte mit anderen Musikern und Ensembles, auch aus den Bereichen Jazz und Improvisierte Musik.

Biografie
Das Trio Soli Sono wurde 1992 von Natalie Becker, Johanna Daske und Olaf Futyma gegründet und ist bis heute in unveränderter Besetzung geblieben.
Die erste Tournee führte das neugegründete Ensemble nach Polen. Seitdem konzertierte Trio Soli Sono in vielen Ländern Europas, in Südamerika und Südostasien. Die Konzertreisen begleiteten Interpretationskurse sowie Workshops über zeitgenössische Spieltechniken und Trioliteratur, die u. a. von Mitgliedern des NationalSymphonieorchesters Quito, des National Symphonieorchesters La Paz und Schülern und Studenten des Franz-Liszt-Konservatoriums La Paz besucht wurden. Das Ensemble wurde zu Musikfestivals wie Warschauer Herbst, Musica Polonica Nova Breslau, Europäisches Flötenfestival Frankfurt a. M., Düsseldorfer Altstadtherbst, Rheinisches Musikfest, Musikbiennale Rotterdam, Neue Musik Tage Lüneburg eingeladen. Als deutsche Kulturrepräsentanten spielten die drei Flötisten auf Einladung der Deutschen Botschaften in Paris (Aachen-Tag in Paris), Jakarta (Tag der Deutschen Einheit), Quito und La Paz.

Im Jahr 2011 wurde Trio Soli Sono für das Eröffnungskonzert der Konzertreihe Kontem Ucha in die Artur-Rubinstein-Philharmonie, Łódź in Polen eingeladen. Bei internationalen Kammermusikwettbewerben in Italien war das Trio Preisträger beim "Premio Rovere d'Oro" und wurde beim "Franz Schubert-Musikwettbewerb" ausgezeichnet. Das Ensemble spielte CDs überwiegend mit Ersteinspielungen ein: "Musik für drei Flöten", "von bach bis african groove" bei LUX und "Medusa" bei DUX. Live-Auftritte, Interviews und Aufnahmen des Trios wurden von Fernseh- und Rundfunkanstalten wie WDR, Sender Freies Berlin, Deutschlandradio Kultur, Polskie Radio II, Red Uno La Paz und Radio Quito gesendet.

Trio Soli Sono inspirierte viele Komponisten Werke für diese Besetzung zu schreiben. Einige Kompositionen entstanden in enger Zusammenarbeit mit dem Ensemble und wurden ihm gewidmet. Das Trio kann heute auf fast 40 Uraufführungen zurückblicken und hat damit zur Erweiterung des Repertoires für drei Flöten beigetragen.

Schwerpunkte
 die Etablierung des Flötentrios als gängige Kammermusikbesetzung auf der Konzertbühne und die Verbreitung der originalen Flötentrioliteratur
 der intensive Dialog mit Komponisten der Gegenwart und die Erweiterung der Literatur für diese Besetzung
 die Entwicklung und Pflege von Konzertformen mit Einbezug von mehreren Kunstsparten
 die Transparenz und Erfahrbarkeit der neuen Tonsprachen

Diskografie
 Medusa - Musik von Witold Szalonek (DUX 0880 / BR 1010), 2011
 von bach bis african groove - Musik von C.Ph. Bach, A. Reicha, F. Kuhlau, A. Dvorak, G. Fauré, F. Graef (tribord studio berlin / Lux - LC 01052), 2004/2010
 Warsaw Autumn International Festival of Contemporary Music - Poseidon und Medusa Musik von Witold Szalonek (Accord Warschau), 2001
 Alte Welt von Albrecht Zummach - Musik von Albrecht Zummach (phonus musikproduktion - LC 10737), 2001
 Musik für drei Flöten - Musik von H. Grabner, A. Tcherepnin, H. Tomasi,W. Szalonek, J.M. Damase, L. Zempléni, M. Daske (tribord studio berlin), 1997

Komponisten
Zusammenarbeit mit Klarenz Barlow, Martin Daske, Violeta Dinescu, Etienne Delmas, Helmut W. Erdmann, Jacquelin Fontyn, Friedemann Graef, Heribert Leuchter, Rainer Rubbert, Juan Maria Solare, Gottfried Stein, Witold Szalonek und Albrecht Zummach.

Uraufführungen
 Martin Daske: Foliant 32 für 1–3 Flöten (2011), UA: 4. Oktober 2011
 Gottfried Stein (* 1932): 4 Stenogramme für drei Flöten, zwei Altflöten, Bassflöte (2010), UA: 1. Oktober 2010
 Gottfried Stein (* 1932): Orpheo basso für zwei Flöten, zwei Altflöten, Bass- und Kontrabassflöte (2010), UA: 1. Oktober 2010
 Heribert Leuchter (* 1954): Flinder für zwei Piccoli, drei Flöten, Alt- und Bassflöte, Kontrabassflöte (2010), UA: 1. Oktober 2010
 Alina Blonska: Für Alma für Flöte, Altflöte, Bassflöte (2006), UA: 7. Oktober 2008
 Etienne Delmas: Viscaches für zwei Flöten, Bassflöte (2008), UA: 7. Oktober 2008
 Joanna Stepalska-Spix: Wir für Piccolo, Flöte, Altflöte (2004) UA: 7. Oktober 2008
 Frank Zabel: Echoes of Light für zwei Flöten, Altflöte (2006), UA: 7. Oktober 2008
 Jürgen Sturm (* 1954): Romantik, Lady Shave, Rhinolofos, Freitag der 13., Der verutschte Wolf, Graslied, Die Macht des Wartens, Hejo, Walzer für Anirathak, Emm-Punkt für drei Flöten (Piccolo, Flöte, Altflöte, Bassflöte), Gesang, E-Gitarre, E-Bass, Schlagzeug, UA: 8. November 2007
 Jacquelin Fontyn: Eolus drei Flöten (Piccolo, Altflöte, Bassflöte), (2005), UA: 5. Februar 2006
 Olga Magidenko: Ein Edelstein in einer einfachen Fassung Nr. 1, op. 66 für Flöte (Piccolo), Bassflöte (2000), UA: 7. Februar 2006
 Ludger Singer: Reisetrio für drei Flöten (Piccolo, Altflöte), (2003), UA: 19. März 2006
 Jörg Wette: Metropolis für drei Flöten, Klarinette, Streicher, Klavier (1993), UA: 14. Juni 2003
 Jörg Wette: Klangbrücken für drei Flöten, Klarinette, Trompete, Streicher, Harfe, Orgel (2003), UA: 14. Juni 2003
 Rainer Rubbert: Contraerea celesta für drei Flöten (2002), UA: 29. November 2003
 Witold Szalonek: Medusas Traum von Pegasus für Flöte, Bassflöte (2001), UA: 20. Februar 2002
 Klarenz Barlow: Otodeblu für Flöte, Altflöte, Bassflöte (1990), UA: 12. April 2002
 Friedemann Graef: Die Spurensuche für Flöte, Altflöte, Bassflöte (2002), UA: 17. September 2002
 Jan Bus: Tanz ! für drei Flöten (Piccolo), (2001), UA: 27. Februar 2001
 Witold Szalonek: Poseidon und Medusa für zwei Piccoli (Altflöte, Crotales), Bassflöte (2001), UA: 25. September 2001
 Albrecht Zummach: Alte Welt für zwei Flöten (Piccoli), Bassflöte, Sänger, Tuba, Klanghölzer, Tuba, Harfe (2001), UA: 19. November 2001
 Martin Daske: readings für Altflöte, Bassflöte, Tonband (2000), UA: 26. Dezember 2000
 Etienne Delmas: Vigognes für drei Flöten (2000), UA: 26. Dezember 2000
 Juan Maria Solare: Seis Bagatellas für drei Flöten (1987), Europäische Erstaufführung: 26. Dezember 2000
 Friedemann Graef: Cirrus-Altostratus für drei Flöten (1996), UA: 14. Juni 1998
 Piotr Moss: Form XII für drei Flöten (1998), UA: 14. Juni 1998
 Rudolf Borlói: Trio für drei Flöten (1996), UA: 15. September 1996
 Martin Daske: trifluodem für zwei Flöten, Altflöte (1995), UA: 14. März 1995
 Witold Szalonek: Haupt der Medusa für drei Flöten (1992), UA: 30. April 1994

Projekte
 Medusa -Trilogie von Witold Szalonek: musikalisch-szenische Performance für drei kostümierte Flötisten/innen (Piccolo, Flöte, Altflöte, Bassflöte, Crotales) mit/ohne Erzählerin
 Army Potens: musikerzählerische Performance über Karl den Großen für drei Flöten (Piccolo, Flöte, Altflöte, Bassflöte), Schlagzeug, hohen Tenor und Erzählerin Kompositionen von A. Blonska, G. Fauré, R. Delanoff, A. Reicha
 Novembersturm: Joint Venture Projekt mit Trio Soli Sono (Piccolo, Flöte, Altflöte, Bassflöte) und Sturm-Jazzquartett (Gesang, Gitarre, E-Bass, Percussion, Glockenspiel) Kompositionen von Jürgen Sturm
 Flötenfusion: Joint Venture Projekt mit Trio Soli Sono/Arcadie-Quartett/Gast mit Werken für sechs bis acht Flöten (Piccolo, Flöte, Altflöte, Bassflöte, Kontrabassflöte) Kompositionen von V. Dinescu, H. Leuchter, W. Offermans, G. Stein, R. Najfar
 Mobiles Konzert: Bespielung von räumlich verteilten Bildern, Skulpturen oder Gegenständen im Rahmen von Ausstellungen oder Konzerten mit darauf abgestimmten Werken vom Barock bis zur Moderne oder Improvisationen.

Literatur
 Flöte aktuell: "Zur Geschichte des Querflötenensembles" - Theobald Böhm und das 20. Jahrhundert (Weinzierl/Wächter), 1/2008
 freie ensembles für neue musik in deutschland - Studie des Instituts für kulturelle Innovationsforschung an der Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg (Reinhard Flender), Schott 2007
 International Music Directory: 2. Ausgabe, K.G. Saur Verlag, 2006/2007, ISBN 3-598-11707-8
 Kürschners Musiker-Handbuch: 5. Ausgabe, K.G. Saur Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-598-24212-3

Weblink
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Trio Soli Sono


වායුගෝලයක් යනු,  ග්‍රහලෝකයක් හෝ වෙනත් ද්‍රව්‍යමය වස්තුවක් හෝ වටා පවතින වායු ස්තරයක් වන අතර,  එම වස්තුවෙහි ගුරුත්වය විසින් එසේ රඳවා ගනු ලබයි. වායුගෝලයක් රඳවා ගනු ලැබිය හැකි වීමේ හැකියාව ඉහළින් පවතින්නේ  එය මත දැරෙන ගුරුත්වජ බලය විශාල නම් හා වායුගෝලයෙහි උෂ්ණත්වය අඩු නම් වෙයි.

ආශ්‍රිත

 Atmometer (evaporimeter)
 Atmospheric pressure
 International Standard Atmosphere
 Kármán
 Sky

මූලාශ්‍ර

භාහිර සබැඳි

වායු
ග්‍රහලෝකවේදය

වායුගෝලය


مجمع اللغة العربية (بالعبرية: האקדמיה ללשון הערבית) هو مؤسسة عليا لعلوم وأبحاث اللغة العربية في إسرائيل، وهو منظمة مستقلة تدير شؤونها بصورة مستقلة استقلالاً تاماً. وقد تم تأسيسه في شهر ديسمبر عام 2007. سلطاته وأعماله نظمت بقانون المؤسسة العليا للغة العربية الذي تم سنه في شهر مارس عام 2007، وهي مشابهة بدرجة كبيرة لسلطات وأعمال مجمع اللغة العبرية.
الرئيس الأول للمجمع المنتخب هو الأستاذ الدكتور محمود غنايم، أستاذ الأدب العربي الحديث في جامعة تل أبيب والكلية العربية للتربية في حيفا. ويضم المجمع حاليًا واحدًا وعشرين عضوًا مع الرئيس منهم ثلاثة أعضاء فخريون وعضو مستشار. الأعضاء الأوائل قام وزير العلوم والثقافة والرياضة بتعيينهم بمرسوم وزاري. ويحق للمجمع انتخاب أعضاء آخرين ليصل عددهم إلى ثلاثة وعشرين عضوًا.

أعضاء المجمع حاليًا
 أ.د. محمود غنايم - رئيس المجمع
 د. محمود أبو فنة
 د. شلومو ألون
 د. حبيب بولس
 د. كوثر جابر
 أ.د. سليمان جبران
 د. إليانور حداد - نائبة الرئيس
 د. رقية زيدان
 أ. خولة السعدي
 أ.د. ساسون سوميخ
 د. موسى شواربة
 د. إبراهيم طه
 د. نبيه القاسم
 د. نزيه قسيس
 د. مصطفى كبها
 د. محمود كيال
 د. فاروق مواسي

 الأعضاء الفخريون
 أ. حنا إبراهيم
 أ. حنا أبو حنا
 أ. سامي ميخائيل

 عضو مستشار:
 أ. جميل غنايم

أهداف المجمع
حسب القانون
 دراسة اللغة العربية بفتراتها وفروعها المختلفة.
 العمل بمجالات الصرف ، النحو ، الثروة اللغوية ، اللفظ ، النسخ وكتابة اللغة العربية ، ويشمل التجديدات اللغوية والملاءمة لعصر التقنية والحوسبة المتقدمة.
 تحرير قواميس عامة وخاصة.
 بحث الثقافة العربية، ويشمل مجالي الأدب والشعر.
 إقامة علاقات وتبادل معرفة مع مجمع اللغة العبرية ومع معاهد بحوث اللغة العربية والعبرية في إسرائيل والعالم.
 تعاون مع وزارة التربية والتعليم ومع معاهد التعليم العالي وإعطاء مشورة في مجال عملها.
 نشر تقارير وأبحاث وتنظيم مؤتمرات حول مجال عملها.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 موقع مجمع اللغة العربية في حيفا

اللغة العربية
تأسيسات سنة 2007 في إسرائيل
حيفا
منظمات أسست في 2007
منظمات مقرها في حيفا

مجمع اللغة العربية في حيفا


القصص المصورة عبر الوب أو الوب كومكس هي كاريكاترات الإنترنت ويتم نشرها على شبكة الإنترنت وغالبا تكون حصرية وتوفر سهولة الوصول إلى الجمهور وأفكارهم، قد ينشر بعضها في الكتب والمجلات ولكنها تحفظ في أرشيف الإنترنت.

بالنسبة لهذه الكاريكاتيرات يمكن طبعها ونشرها وتأليفها من قبل أي شخص، ويبلغ عددها حاليا على الوب ما يقارب 18000 وب كومكس، وقد تتضمن العديد من المجالات مثل قطاع الكارتون التقليدي والروايات الغرافيكية، وتغطي العديد من المواضيع، وهي لا تسبب الاكتفاء الذاتي المادي لمن أراد رسم هذه الكاريكاترات إلا القليل منها.

معلومات عن الوب كومكس

هناك العديد من الفروق بين الوب كومكس والكاريكاترات الموجودة في الصحف والجرائد.

لقد أحدثت الوب كومكس نقلة نوعية في عالم الكاريكاترات وقد تؤثر على الكاريكاترات في الصحف والمجلات ويسمح للرسامين أن يستفيدوا من قدرات الوب النادرة في نشر كاريكاتراتهم، سكوت مكلود كان أول من روج لفكرة الوب كومكس وهناك الكثير من الكتب والرسامين التي تناولت هذا الموضوع من الكاريكاترات مثل مايك كروهليك، جيري هوليكنز، اريك ملكن، تيم بكلي والكثير من الرسامين الذين اختصوا بهذا المجال.

العمل في هذا المجال

هناك بعض المحترفين في هذه المهنة والتي يتخذونها كمهنة رئيسية لهم هذا المجموعة المحترفة من رسامي الوب كومكس تتضمن بعض الرسامين مثل : ريش بروليو، تارول هنت، جيمس كوشالكا، راندال مونورو، تيم بكلي وغيرهم. معظم هؤلاء الرسامين بدأو العمل كهواية أو تسلية، لكنهم نجحوا في هذا المجال ويستطيعون العيش بلا تبرعات أو هبات. انظر إلى مثال على الوب كومكس للفنان تيم بكلي.

هناك العديد من الطرق لكسب المال في هذا المجال مثل الإعلان والترويج عن طريق بعض المواقع مثل باي بال وغيرها من الطرق، وقد ظهرت شركات مختصة مثل Modern Tales.

جوائز هذا المجال

 Eagle Awards عام 2000
 Ignatz Awards عام 2001
 Eisner Awards عام 2005
 Shuster Awards عام 2007 وهذه الجائزة خاصة بالرساميين الكنديين
 Web Cartoonists' Choice Awards التي تقام سنويا منذ عام 2001
 The Clickburg Webcomic Awards الذي تم البدء فيه عام 2005 في
Stripdagen Haarlem comic festival الذي يكرم الرساميين في هولندا وبلجيكا ولكسمبورغ

الوب الكومكس غير الإنجليزية

كان لا بد من أن تنتشر الوب كومكس خارج الدول الناطقة بالإنجليزية كأمريكا وبريطانيا، فعلى سبيل المثال انتشرت بعض الوب كومكس الألمانية عام 2000 على يد الرسام الألماني Joscha Sauer وقد قام هذا الرسام بالعديد من الأعمال حيث قام بنشر كارتون الفكاهة السوداء اليومية وبذلك أصبحت أعمله معروفة في كل ألمانيا، حتى عرضت عليه شركة Carlsen Verlag عقد حيث يظهر له كتاب سنوي تظهر فيه كاريكاتراته، والتي تضمن توفير دخل جيد له.

المصادر والمراجع

طالع أيضا
 إكس كي سي دي

إعلام جديد
ثقافة الإنترنت
فن الانترنت
فن الوسائط الجديد
فن رقمي
قصص مصورة
وسائط متعددة
ويب

ويب كومكس


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Tramvaiul 35 din București era o linie de tramvai a STB care începea din Depoul Militari, situat în cartierul bucureștean cu același nume, și se termina la stația Gara Basarab. Traseul tramvaiului avea 21 de stații.

Anterior construcției Pasajului Basarab, linia 35 conecta zona Depoului Militari cu Șoseaua Panduri și avea o lungime de 18 km. În anul 2003, cu tramvaiele 35 circulau în medie 100.000 de călători/zi.

Linia de tramvai 35 a apărut oficial în anul 1981 la data de 1 mai, odată cu reclasificarea liniilor Întrepinderii de Transport București, fiind anterior denumită 25 barat. După desființarea liniilor de tramvai de pe Bulevardul Păcii în anul 1986, aceasta circulă pe traseul actual, pe Bulevardul Timișoara.

Traseu și stații

Descrierea traseului
Tramvaiele liniei 35 porneau din stația "Depoul Militari", situată în fața depoului STB, și circulau pe străzile "Preciziei" și "Valea Cascadelor". În apropierea stației CFR Cotroceni, linia traversează la nivel calea ferată București Nord–Filaret–Progresul, acum desființată. Traseul tramvaiului 35 continua apoi pe Bulevardul Timișoara, cea mai lungă secțiune dreaptă a liniei, având 10 stații. Pe toată porțiunea de la Depoul Militari și până la stația "Bulevardul Vasile Milea", ultima de pe Bulevardul Timișoara, tramvaiul 35 avea traseu și stații comune cu tramvaiele 8 și 25.

Tramvaiele liniei 35 circulau apoi pe Bulevardul Vasile Milea până la stația "Pod Grozăvești", de unde traseul continua pe Șoseaua Orhideelor (situată la partea inferioară a Pasajului Basarab) până la stația terminus "Gara Basarab". De-a lungul Bulevardului Vasile Milea, tramvaiul 35 avea traseu și stații comune cu tramvaiele 10 și 11.

La ambele capete ale traseului există bucle de întoarcere care permit tramvaielor să-și continue circulația în sens invers.

Schema traseului

Exploatarea liniei
Linia 35 era exploatată de Societatea de Transport București. Ea era parcursă de tramvaie în circa 40 de minute.

Reabilitarea liniei
În noiembrie 2002, STB a solicitat de la Primăria Municipiului București o autorizație de construire pentru reabilitarea liniei 35 pe străzile "Preciziei", "Valea Cascadelor", precum și pe Bulevardul Timișoara până la Bulevardul General Vasile Milea, iar lucrările au debutat în 2003 și s-au extins și în 2004. Pe anumite porțiuni traseul a fost separat de traficul rutier, au fost reabilitate stațiile și înlocuite șinele cu unele sudate. Prin reabilitare se intenționa creșterea vitezei de circulație a tramvaielor de la 12 km/h la 22 km/h.

Începând cu 25 mai 2021, linia de tramvai 35 este suspendată deoarece au început lucrările de reabilitare a liniei de tramvai de pe Bulevardul Vasile Milea.

Materialul rulant
Pe această linie circulă tramvaie Tatra T4, Bucur V2A-T/V2S-T și tramvaie V3A-93.

Referințe

Legături externe
Harta liniei 35 pe distanta.ro

Tramvaiul din București
București

Linia 35 de tramvai din București