Ahmet Turgut Uyar (4 Ağustos 1927, Ankara - 22 Ağustos 1985, İstanbul), Türk şair. Babasının görevinden ötürü ilköğrenimi farklı şehirlerde okurken ortaöğrenimine yatılı askerî okulda okuyarak devam eden Uyar, 1948'de Kaynak dergisinin başlatmış olduğu bir şiir yarışmasında "Arz-ı Hal" adlı şiiriyle katılmış ve yarışmada ikinci olmuştur. Türkiyem adlı ikinci şiir kitabı 1952'de piyasaya sürülmüştür. Uyar'ın dil, tema, imge, anlatım biçimi, biçim/öz ilişkisi açısından büyük bir değişimi gerçekleştirdiği ilk İkinci Yeni kitabı olan Dünyanın En Güzel Arabistanı, 1959'da yayımlanmıştır. 1962'de Tütünler Islakı; 1968'de Her Pazartesiyi; 1970'te Divanı; 1974'te Toplandıları; 1982'de Kayayı Delen İnciri yayımlamıştır. 1981 yılında Toplu Şiirler adıyla o güne kadar yayımladığı eserleri ilk kez; 1984'te Büyük Saat adıyla ikinci kez toplu olarak basılmıştır.

Yaşamı
Ahmet Turgut Uyar, Fatma Hanım ile Hayri Bey'in altı çocuğundan beşincisi olarak 4 Ağustos 1927'de Ankara'da dünyaya geldi. Babası orduda harita binbaşısı olarak görev yapmıştır ve Ankara'nın ilk Latin alfabesiyle yazılan sokak levhalarını geceler boyu çalışarak yazmış bir hattattır. Annesi ise ev hanımıydı. Babasının görevinden ötürü ilköğrenimi farklı şehirlerde okurken ortaöğrenimine yatılı askerî okulda devam etmiştir. Bursa Askerî Işıklar Lisesi'nden 1946 mezun olan Uyar, bu okulda mutsuz olduğunu şu sözlerle dile getirmiştir:
"Asker okullarında hiç mutlu olmadım. Genellikle yatılı okullarda mutlu olan çocuk yoktur sanıyorum. Başkalarının, hatta somut başkalarının değil de, hiç kavrayamadığım bir otoritenin belirlediği ve çoğu zaman saçma bulduğumuz bir şeyler yaşamak..."
Yükseköğrenimini Askerî Memurlar Okulu'nda okurken annesinin isteği üzerine 1947'de Yezdan Şener ile evlenmiştir ve bu evlilikten Semiramis, Tunga ve Şeyda adlarında toplam üç çocuğu olmuştur. Bu okuldan mezun olduktan sonra "kura" ile memur olarak Posof'a atanmıştır. Daha sonra Samsun  Terme Askerlik Şubesi'ne atandı, ardından Ankara'da Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı Personel Dairesi Başkanlığı'nda üsteğmen olarak görev yaptı.
1958'de bu görevden ayrılarak Türkiye Selüloz ve Kâğıt Sanayi'nin Ankara'daki şubesinde çalışmaya başlamış ve 1967'de buradan emekli olarak İstanbul'a yerleşmiştir.

1966'da ilk eşinden boşanmıştır. İstanbul'a yerleştiğinde o dönem Yezdan Şener ile evliliklerinin bitme aşamasına gelmesinin ardından Cemal Süreya ile Tomris Uyar, şiir üzerine mektuplaşmaya başlamıştır. Bu mektuplaşmalar olumlu sonuçlanmıştır. 1969'da ise Tomris Uyar ile evlenmişlerdir. Tomris Uyar ile evliliklerinden bir erkek çocukları (Hayri Turgut Uyar) oldu. 22 Ağustos 1985'te sirozdan ölmüştür.

Edebi kariyeri
Turgut Uyar'ın şiire olan ilgisi kendi ifadesine göre çocukluk yıllarında başlamıştır. İlk şiir denemesini de ilkokul yıllarında yapmıştır:
"Güzeldir sevgilim her dakka her an / Güzeldir sözleri kaşı gözleri / Geçtiği her karış sönük topraktan / O anda fışkırır neşe özleri"
Ortaokul ve lise yıllarında ise "günde üç beş şiir, haftada on beş, günde bir roman yazmıştır." Roman yazarken sıkılan Uyar, Alain-Fournier'in Fransız edebiyatının klasiklerinden sayılan Adsız Ülkesiyle Fyodor Dostoyevski romanlarını okumasıyla roman yazmayı bırakmıştır. Şiirde ise lise son sınıfta Ömer Hayyam, Nedim, Yahya Kemal Beyatlı, Tevfik Fikret, Ahmet Haşim gibi şairleri taklit etmiştir. 1946'da ise dönemin güncel şairlerini okumuştur ve bu durumu "Sonra günümüzün şairlerini okudum da sevindim. Oh dünya varmış dedim." sözleriyle dile getirmiştir. 1947'de "Yâd" adlı şiiri Yedigünde yayımlanmıştır. 1948'de Kaynak dergisinin başlatmış olduğu bir şiir yarışmasında "Arz-ı Hal" adlı şiiriyle katılmış ve yarışmada ikinci olmuştur. 1950'de Kaynak Yayınları tarafından Arz-ı Hal ve Akşam Üzeri Türküsü adıyla ilk kitabı yayımlanmıştır. İkinci kitabı olan ve Nurullah Ataç'ın önsözünü yazdığı Türkiyem ise 1952'de piyasaya sürülmüştür.

1959'da Dünyanın En Güzel Arabistanı adlı şiir kitabı yayımlanmıştır. Bu kitaptaki şiirleri 1955-1958 yılları arasında Yenilik, Pazar Postası, Yeditepe, Seçilmiş Hikayeler Dergisi, Şairler Yaprağı gibi dergilerde yayımlanan şiirlerden oluşmaktadır. Kitap, Uyar'ın dil, tema, imge, anlatım biçimi, biçim/öz ilişkisi açısından büyük bir değişimi yansıttığı ilk İkinci Yeni kitabıdır. 1962'de Tütünler Islakı; 1968'de Her Pazartesiyi; 1970'te Divanı; 1974'te Toplandıları; 1982'de Kayayı Delen İnciri yayımlamıştır. 1981 yılında Toplu Şiirler adıyla o güne kadar yayımladığı eserleri ilk kez; 1984'te Büyük Saat adıyla ikinci kez toplu olarak basılmıştır.

Eserleri

Şiir
 1950: Arz-ı Hal
 1952: Türkiyem
 1959: Dünyanın En Güzel Arabistanı
 1962: Tütünler Islak
 1968: Her Pazartesi
 1970: Divan
 1974: Toplandılar
 1982: Kayayı Delen İncir

 Toplu şiirleri
 1981: Toplu Şiirler
 1984: Büyük Saat ISBN 978-975-08-0337-X

İnceleme
 Bir Şiirden (1984)
 Korkulu Ustalık (2009) ISBN 978-975-08-1577-5

Ödülleri

 1963: Yeditepe Şiir Armağanı, Tütünler Islak ile
 1975: Türk Dil Kurumu Çeviri Ödülü, Lucretius'tan Evrenin Yapısı çevirisi ile (Tomris Uyar'la birlikte)
 1981: Behçet Necatigil Şiir Ödülü, Kayayı Delen İncir ile
 1984: Sedat Simavi Vakfı Edebiyat Ödülü, Büyük Saat ile

Ayrıca bakınız
 MEB 100 Türk Edebiyatçısı

Notlar

Kaynakça
Genel

Özel

1927 doğumlular
Ankara doğumlu şairler
1985 yılında ölenler
Sirozdan ölenler
İstanbul ilinde hastalıktan ölenler
Aşiyan Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
20. yüzyıl Türk şairleri
İkinci Yeni şairleri
Işıklar Askerî Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
Necatigil Şiir Ödülü sahipleri
Sedat Simavi Ödülü sahipleri
Türkiye Yazarlar Sendikası

Turgut Uyar


Kazuma Watanabe (født 10. august 1986) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Japans fodboldlandshold

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Eksterne henvisninger

Japan National Football Team Database

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kazuma Watanabe


An Zea perennis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Albert Spear Hitchcock, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Robert Gatlin Reeves och Mangelsd.. An Zea perennis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Zea, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Zea

Zea perennis


Das Evangelisch-Lutherische Dekanat Kronach-Ludwigsstadt ist eines der 16 Dekanate des Kirchenkreises Bayreuth. Amtierende Dekane sind Dr. Ulrike Schorn und Dr. Markus Müller.

Geografie
Der Dekanatsbezirk umfasst den Landkreis Kronach mit Ausnahme von Mitwitz, das zum Dekanatsbezirk Michelau gehört.

Geschichte
Der überwiegende Teil des Landkreises Kronach gehörte früher zum Hochstift Bamberg und ist daher traditionell katholisch geprägt. Der Norden des Dekanatsbezirks um Ludwigsstadt ist traditionell evangelisch geprägt. Das Amt Seibelsdorf und der Ort Heinersdorf im Amt Lichtenberg gehörten ebenfalls zu Bayreuth. In der Markgrafschaft wurde 1528 die Reformation eingeführt. Die Gemeinde Steinbach am Wald gehörte früher zu Bamberg und wurde von Ludwigsstadt aus karitativ versorgt. 1953 wurde die Christuskirche eingeweiht. 1958 wurde Steinbach am Wald eine eigenständige Pfarrei. Westlich, südlich und östlich von Kronach liegen ehemals reichsritterschaftliche Ortschaften. Die Ritter von Rosenau führten in Mitwitz und Burggrub 1567 die Reformation ein. Die Freiherrn von Redwitz hatten im Raum Kronach zahlreiche Besitzungen. In ihrem Herrschaftsbereich führten sie 1544 bzw. 1557 in Weißenbrunn, 1549 in Küps, um 1550 in Unterrodach, 1552 in Burkersdorf, und 1560 in Schmölz den evangelischen Glauben ein. Im Ort Fischbach führten die Fischbacher Linie der Herren von Waldenfels im Jahr 1548 die Reformation ein. Unter den Herren von Guttenberg kam es 1600–1614 vorübergehend zur Gegenreformation.

Das Dekanat Ludwigsstadt wurde 1810, das Dekanat Kronach 1925 errichtet. Zum 1. Januar 2010 wurden beide Dekanatsbezirke fusioniert. Dadurch wurde der Bevölkerungsabnahme in der Region Rechnung getragen.

Kirchengemeinden
Zum Dekanatsbezirk Kronach-Ludwigsstadt gehören folgende 23 Kirchengemeinden, in denen 21.250 Gemeindeglieder leben:

Rennsteigregion
 Ebersdorf, St. Maria Magdalena
 Lauenstein, St. Nikolaus
 Pfarrei Langenau
 Langenau, St. Christophorus mit St. Johannis in Buchbach sowie die Gnadenkirche in Schauberg
 Kleintettau, Auferstehungskirche
 Pfarrei Ludwigsstadt
 Ludwigsstadt, St. Michael
 Steinbach an der Haide, St. Elisabeth
 Pfarrei Steinbach a. Wald
 Steinbach am Wald, Christuskirche
 Lauenhain, St. Franziskus
 Tettau, Ad Portam Coeli-Kirche

Raum Kronach
 Pfarrei Burggrub
 Burggrub, St. Laurentius (13. Jh.)
 Stockheim, Auferstehungskirche
 Pfarrei Burkersdorf
 Burkersdorf, St. Marien und Ebneth, Schlosskapelle
 Hain, Dreifaltigkeitskirche
 Fischbach, Jakobuskirche
 Kronach, Christuskirche und Gehülz, St. Michael
 Küps, St. Jakobus und St. Johannis im Gemeindeteil Johannisthal
 Pressig, Martin-Luther-Kirche
 Heinersberg-Nordhalben, Jubilate-Kirche in Grund und St. Johannis in Steinwiesen
 Schmölz, St. Laurentius und Schneckenlohe
 Seibelsdorf, Markgrafenkirche
 Unterrodach, St. Michael
 Pfarrei Weißenbrunn
 Hummendorf, Martin-Luther-Kirche
 Weißenbrunn, Dreieinigkeitskirche

Literatur

Weblinks

 Offizielle Homepage des Dekanats

Kronachludwigsstadt
Evang.luth.
Kronach
Gegründet 2010
Christentum in Kronach

Evangelisch-Lutherisches Dekanat Kronach-Ludwigsstadt


Leuconitocris tibialis é uma espécie de escaravelho da família Cerambycidae.  Foi descrito por Kolbe em 1893, originalmente sobe o género Nitocris.  Contém a variedade Leuconitocris tibialis var. holoflava.

Referências

Leuconitocris
Coleópteros descritos em 1893

Leuconitocris tibialis


الشهامة العربية هي من أوائل الجمعيات المسرحية التونسية وقد تأسست في ديسمبر/كانون الأول 1910. وفي العام الموالي ظهرت جمعية ثانية تسمى الآداب العربية. وقد اتحدت الجمعيتان بعد الحرب العالمية الأولى في جمعية جديدة سميت جمعية التمثيل العربي.
 من مؤسسي جمعية الشهامة العربية الشيخ محمد مناشو، وقد مثلت له تمثيلية بعنوان الانتقام. كما كان من مؤسسيها الشيخ محمود بورقيبة.

المراجع
 محمد الفاضل بن عاشور، الحركة الأدبية والفكرية في تونس، الدار التونسية للنشر، تونس 1983.
 د. علي الزيدي، الزيتونيون ودورهم في الحركة الوطنية 1904-1945، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ومكتبة علاء الدين بصفاقس، 2007.

أندية وجمعيات

الشهامة العربية


Mahlzeit! Täglich Frisch! war eine Hörfunksendung auf Radio Luxemburg. Sie lief ab 1986 bis Ende April 1988 von Montag bis Freitag von 12 bis 14 Uhr. Die ständigen Moderatoren waren Inga Abel und Hugo Egon Balder.

Die "live aus Düsseldorf" vor Publikum produzierte Sendung enthielt Sketche, an denen zum Teil prominente Gäste wie Roy Black oder Andy Borg mitwirkten. Sie wurde binnen kurzer Zeit zur meistgehörten Sendung des Senders.

Es entstanden zwei Langspielplatten mit den besten Szenen aus der Sendung. Während die erste LP vor allem Sketche mit den Moderatoren enthielt, widmete sich die zweite Veröffentlichung Szenen mit verschiedenen Prominenten, die an der Sendung als Gast mitgewirkt hatten.

Weblinks
 RTL Radio Luxemburg Chronik, 1984–1987

Hörfunksendung (Deutschland)
Ersterscheinung 1986

Mahlzeit (Radio Luxemburg)


An Pycreus altus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni William Bertram Turrill, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Kaare Arnstein Lye. An Pycreus altus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pycreus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pycreus

Pycreus altus


Max Worgitzki (* 28. September 1884 in Serteggen, Kreis Goldap; † 25. November 1937 in Allenstein) war ein deutscher Politiker, Schriftsteller und Gründer des Allensteiner Theaters, der sich während der Volksabstimmung von 1920 in Ostpreußen für den Verbleib der Abstimmungsgebiete in Deutschland stark engagiert hat.

Leben
Worgitzki wurde in eine wohlhabende, deutschsprachige Familie masurischer Abstammung geboren. Der Vater war zuerst Gutspächter und dann Gründer einer Molkerei, die den Worgitzkis beachtliche Einnahmen garantierte.
In seiner Jugend interessierte sich Max Worgitzki für Medizin und wollte Arzt werden. Ein in Königsberg begonnenes Medizinstudium musste er aus gesundheitlichen Gründen nach kurzer Zeit abbrechen. Nach Kurierung unternahm er eine Reise nach Italien und begann ein Studium der Kunstgeschichte und Literatur. Dieses beendete er erfolgreich in Breslau. Im Alter von 30 Jahren übernahm er von seinem Vater die Leitung des Familiengeschäfts und führte es erfolgreich weiter. In dieser Zeit schrieb er sein erstes Theaterstück Hercus Monte, das dem gleichnamigen prussischen Freiheitskämpfer gewidmet war. 1917 wurde es in Allenstein aufgeführt. Seit 1928 amtierte er als Schriftleiter im Vorstand der Historischen Kommission für ost- und westpreußische Landesforschung.

Politische Aktivitäten
Die Niederlage Deutschlands 1918 verkraftete er nur schwer. Nachdem bekannt geworden war, dass der südliche Teil Ostpreußens (Masuren) unter Verwaltung der Entente gestellt und in zwei Abstimmungsgebiete (Allenstein und Marienwerder) unterteilt werden sollte, wurde er politisch aktiv und wehrte sich gegen eine Eingliederung in die neugegründeten Zweite Polnische Republik. Die südlichen Teile Ostpreußens wurden tatsächlich in vielen Ortschaften von masurisch- und polnischsprachigen Einwohnern bewohnt, die sich aber wegen ihres evangelischen Glaubens und sprachlicher Entfremdung lieber Ostpreußen als Polen oder Deutsche bezeichneten. Ebenfalls ist zu bemerken, dass polnisch-nationale Gruppierungen nach 1918 aktiv für die Eingliederung weiter Teile Ostpreußens tätig waren und dies zu politischen Skandalen und heftigen Straßenkämpfen, wo immer politische Proteste von beiden Seiten organisiert wurden, führte. 1920 gründete Worgitzki den Masuren- und Ermländerbund. In einem Interview für eine englische Zeitung äußerte sich Worgitzki den polnischen Forderungen skeptisch gegenüber: "Masurisch ist ein Dialekt, der mit der Sprache und Nationalität der Polen überhaupt nichts zu tun hat". Gleichzeitig forderte er eine friedliche Zusammenarbeit mit der Abstimmungskommission. Tatsache ist, dass es in dieser Zeit oft zu Ausschreitungen und Angriffen zwischen den polnischen und deutschen Organisationen gab, die wahrscheinlich von Worgitzki indirekt provoziert oder herausgefordert wurden. In polnischen Pressemitteilungen wurde er in dieser Zeit oft als preußischer "Hakatist" bezeichnet, der die deutschstämmige Bevölkerung Ostpreußens gegen die polnische Minderheit aufhetze. Zum Schluss wurde er Leiter der Allensteiner Abteilung des Ostpreußischen Heimatdienstes. In dieser Zeit war er auch Mitbegründer der Ostdeutschen Nachrichten.

Nach der Volksabstimmung
Die Politik gab Worgitzki nach der für Deutschland und Ostpreußen erfolgreichen Volksabstimmung auf und widmete sich kulturellen Tätigkeiten und seinen Privatgeschäften. Er engagierte sich für die Einrichtung eines Theaters in Allenstein, das 1925 unter dem Namen Treudank-Theater (der Name bezieht sich auf die hauptfinanzierende Stiftung Der Treudank – Dank für die Treue der deutschen Masuren) gegründet wurde. Heute trägt das Theater den Namen Teatr im. Stefana Jaracza w Olsztynie.
1922 gründete er die Landestheater Südostpreussen GmbH, deren Eigentümer und Geschäftsführer er war.
Max Worgitzki starb 1937.

Werke
Hercus Monte, Leipzig 1916
Weihnachtszauber, Allenstein 1919
Der Waffenmeister von Allenstein, Berlin 1939
Wolf der Struter, Berlin 1943
Masurische Weihnachts und Morgenfeier (Jutrzina), Allenstein 1932
Die Volksabstimmung in Ostpreußen, Berlin 1925
Die Volksabstimmung in Ostpreußen 11 Juli 1920, Berlin 1920
 mit Adolf Eichler, Wilhelm Freiherr von Gayl: Geschichte der Abstimmung in Ostpreußen. Der Kampf um Ermland und Masuren. K. F. Koehler, Leipzig 1921.
Traum im Walde, Allenstein 1922
Tatarensturm, Berlin 1939
Sturm über Masuren, Tilsit 1942
Ostpreußen, Berlin 1925
Bevölkerungs- und Nationalitätenfragen in Ostpreußen, Berlin 1928
Das Abstimmungsgebiet Masuren und Ermland, Allenstein 1919
Geschichte der Abstimmung in Ostpreußen, Leipzig 1921
Der Pfarrer von Powoda und Masurentreue, Berlin 1935

Literatur
 Stanisław Achremczyk, Plebiscyty jako metoda rozwiązywania konfliktów międzynarodowych. W 90. rocznicę plebiscytów na Warmii, Mazurach i Powiślu, Olsztyn 2010
 Wojciech Wrzesiński, Plebiscyty na Warmii, Mazurach i Powiślu w 1920 roku. Wybór źródeł, Olsztyn 1986
 Robert Traba: Zur Grenzlandmentalität in Ostpreußen in der Zwischenkriegszeit. Max Worgitzki (1884–1937). In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde Ermlands (ZGAE), 50 (2002), S. 91–99.

Weblinks
 Allenstein: Stadttheater / Landestheater Südostpreußen

Einzelnachweise

Person (Ostpreußen)
Politik (Ostpreußen)
Politik (Weimarer Republik)
Person (Masuren)
Deutscher
Geboren 1884
Gestorben 1937
Mann

Max Worgitzki


Shu Qi (Çince: 舒淇; Pinyin: Shū Qí) (d. 16 Nisan 1976)   Tayvanlı aktris. Esas adı Lin Li-hui (林立慧)'dir. Sahne adı değişik romanizasyonlarda Hsu Chi, Hsu Qi, Shu Qui ya da Shu Kei olarak yazılmıştır. Kimi zaman Batı mantığıyla önce adı sonra soyadı (Qi Shu) olarak da yazılır.

Shu Qi ilk önce erkek dergilerinde ve erotik fotoğraf sektöründe model olarak isim yapmıştır. Erotik filmlerle ünlendikten sonra önemli Hong Kong filmlerinde rol almaya başlamıştır.

Genellikle Shu Qi'nin The Transporter filmindeki Lai Kwai rolü için İngilizce öğrendiği söylenir; ancak aslında bu dili öğrenmemiş, yalnızca repliklerini ezberlemekle yetinmiştir. Son zamanlarda yaptığı yurt dışı seyahatler sayesinde İngilizcesi ilerlemiştir.

2005'te Hou Hsiao-Hsien'nin Three Times adlı filminde canlandırdığı üç değişik rolle Altın At Ödülü'nü (Golden Horse Awards) kazanmıştır.

Filmografi

 New York, I Love You (2009)
 If You Are the One (2008)
 Look for a Star (2008)
 Blood Brothers (2007)
 Forest of Death (2007)
 My Wife is a Gangster 3 (2006)
 Confession of Pain (2006)
 Home Sweet Home (2005)
 Three Times (2005)
 Seoul Raiders (2005)
 The Foliage (2004)
 The Eye 2 (2004)
 Looking for Mr. Perfect (2003)
 Haunted Office (2002)
 The Transporter (2002)
 Just One Look (2002) (cameo)
 So Close (2002)
 Women From Mars (2002)
 The Wesley's Mysterious File (2002)
 Beijing Rocks (2001)
 Love Me, Love My Money (2001)
 Visible Secret (2001)
 Millennium Mambo (2001)
 Martial Angels (2001)
 For Bad Boys Only (2000)
 My Name Is Nobody (2000)
 Dragon Heat (2000)
 Skyline Cruisers (2000)
 Flyin' Dance (2000)
 Born to Be King (2000)
 Hidden Whisper (2000)
 My Loving Trouble 7 (2000)

 Metade Fumaca (1999)
 When I Look Upon the Stars (1999)
 The Island Tales (1999)
 Iron Sister (1999)
 A Man Called Hero (1999)
 Gorgeous (1999)
 Extreme Crisis (1998)
 Another Meltdown (1998)
 Portland Street Blues (1998)
 Young & Dangerous: The Prequel (1998)
 City of Glass (1998)
 Bishonen (1998)
 Love Generation Hong Kong (1998)
 The Storm Riders (1998)
 Young and Dangerous 5 (1998)
 The Lucky Guy (1998)
 L-O-V-E... Love (1997)
 My Dad Is a Jerk (1997)
 Love Is Not a Game, But a Joke (1997)
 Those Were the Days (1997)
 Love: Amoeba Style (1997)
 The Fruit is Swelling (1997) (cameo)
 A Queer Story (1996)
 Till Death Do Us Laugh (1996)
 Street Angels (1996)
 Queer Story (1996)
 Growing Up (1996)
 Viva Erotica (1996)
 Sex & Zen II (1996)

Dış bağlantılar
 Shu Qi Online - Extensive gallery, info and media.
 ShuqiWorld.com - English Fan Website
 Fan website

 Entry at about.com
 Shu Qi Biography | Filmography
 Hsu Chi Unique Gallery

1976 doğumlular
Tayvanlı kadın sinema oyuncuları
Tayvanlı kadın şarkıcılar
Tayvanlı modeller
Yaşayan insanlar
21. yüzyıl kadın şarkıcıları

Shu Qi


Mary MacLaren (19 de enero de 1900 – 9 de noviembre de 1985) fue una actriz cinematográfica estadounidense que intervino en un total de 136 filmes entre 1916 y 1949.

Biografía
Su verdadero nombre era Mary MacDonald, nació en Pittsburgh, Pensilvania, y se educó en Greensburgh (actual Greensboro (Pensilvania)). Su hermana era la actriz Katherine MacDonald. MacLaren era sumamente atlética y pasaba gran parte de su tiempo en las playas cercanas a su casa en California. También era una experta jugadora y aficionada al tenis.

Inició su carrera teatral en el Teatro Winter Garden de la ciudad de Nueva York actuando junto a Al Jolson en The Passing Show y Dancing Around. Su trayectoria cinematográfica comenzó actuando para Universal Studios en Idle Wives, The Model's Confession, The Petal on the Current, The Unpainted Woman, Bonnie Bonnie Lassie, Rouge and Riches y otras muchas películas.

Mary MacLaren falleció en Hollywood, California, en 1985, a causa de un a enfermedad respiratoria. Tenía 85 años de edad. Fue enterrada en el Cementerio Forest Lawn Memorial Park de Glendale (California).

Selección de su filmografía

 Shoes (1916)
 The Unpainted Woman (1919)
 The Petal on the Current (1919)
 Bonnie Bonnie Lassie (1919)
 The Three Musketeers (1921)
 The Wild Goose (1921)
 Across the Continent (1922)
 Under the Red Robe (1923)
 On the Banks of the Wabash (1923)
 The Uninvited Guest (1924)
 Westward Ho (1935)
 The New Frontier (1935)
 King of the Pecos (1936)
 What Becomes of the Children? (1936)
 Prairie Pioneers (1941)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Actrices de cine de Estados Unidos
Actrices de Pensilvania
Actrices de cine mudo de Estados Unidos
Nacidos en Pittsburgh

Mary MacLaren


Mudvayne is an American heavy metal band formed in Peoria, Illinois in 1996. Known for their sonic experimentation, face and body paint, masks and uniforms, the band has sold over six million records worldwide, including nearly three million in the United States. The group consists of guitarist Greg Tribbett, drummer Matthew McDonough, lead vocalist Chad Gray, and bassist Ryan Martinie. The band became popular in the late-1990s Peoria, Illinois underground music scene, and found success with the single "Dig" from their debut album L.D. 50 (2000). After releasing four more albums and touring relentlessly for nearly a decade, Mudvayne went on hiatus in 2010. They reunited in 2021 and continue to perform live.

History

Early days, Kill, I Oughtta and L.D. 50 (1996–2001)
Mudvayne, formed in 1996 in Peoria, Illinois, originally consisted of lead singer Chad Gray, bassist Shawn Barclay, guitarist Greg Tribbett and drummer Matthew McDonough. The band's lineup finalized when Gray, who was earning $40,000 a year in a factory, quit his day job to become its singer. In 1997, Mudvayne financed its debut EP, Kill, I Oughtta.

During the EP's recording Barclay was replaced by Ryan Martinie, former bassist for the progressive rock band Broken Altar. After self-distributing Kill, I Oughtta, Mudvayne adopted stage names and face paint.

Chuck Toler managed the band as they recorded their 2000 debut album L.D. 50. For the album, Mudvayne experimented with a ragged, dissonant sound; a sound collage, prepared for the album, was used as a series of interludes. L.D. 50 was produced by the band and Garth Richardson, with executive production by Slipknot member Shawn Crahan and Slipknot manager Steve Richards.

L.D. 50 peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart and No. 85 on the Billboard 200. The singles "Dig" and "Death Blooms" peaked at No. 33 and No. 32 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. Although the album was praised, some critics found the band hard to take seriously.

To promote L.D. 50, Mudvayne played on the Tattoo the Earth tour with Nothingface, Slayer, Slipknot and Sevendust. Nothingface guitarist Tom Maxwell became friends with Mudvayne vocalist Chad Gray, and they explored the possibility of a supergroup. The following year, Nothingface again toured with Mudvayne; although plans for a supergroup continued, they were put on hold due to scheduling conflicts. Gray and Maxwell had discussed five names for the group, and Mudvayne guitarist Greg Tribbett approached Maxwell "out of the blue" to join it. Although Nothingface drummer Tommy Sickles played on the group's demo, the search for another drummer began.

The End of All Things to Come and Lost and Found (2002–2005)
In 2002, Mudvayne released The End of All Things to Come, which the band considers its "black album" due to its largely-black artwork. Isolation inspired the album's songs. During its mixing, Gray and McDonough stopped at Bob's Big Boy and Gray remembered overhearing someone "say something like, ' ... and he's got to cut his own eye out'". When he asked McDonough if he heard the conversation McDonough said he hadn't, and Gray thought it was someone discussing a scene from a screenplay.

The album expanded on L.D. 50, with a wider range of riffs, tempos, moods and vocals. Because of this experimentation, Entertainment Weekly called this album more "user-friendly" than its predecessor and it was one of 2002's most acclaimed heavy-metal albums, it was eventually certified Gold by the RIAA in 2003. The music video for the single "Not Falling" demonstrated Mudvayne's change in appearance from L.D. 50, with the musicians transformed into veined creatures with white, egg-colored bug eyes. In 2003, Mudvayne participated in the Summer Sanitarium Tour, headlined by Metallica, and in September, Chad Gray appeared on V Shape Mind's debut studio album Cul-De-Sac.

In January 2004, the band began work on its third album, produced by Dave Fortman. As for the previous album, Mudvayne withdrew to write songs; they moved into a house, writing the album in four months before recording began after the Summer Sanitarium tour ended. In February, Gray and Martinie expressed an interest in appearing on Within The Mind – In Homage to the Musical Legacy of Chuck Schuldiner, a tribute to the founder of the metal band Death, but the album was never produced.

In 2005, Chad Gray established independent record label Bullygoat Records and Bloodsimple's debut album, A Cruel World (with a guest appearance by Gray), appeared in March. On April 12, Mudvayne released Lost and Found. The album's first single, "Happy?", featured complex guitar work and Gray described "Choices" as "the eight-minute opus".

In August, former Mudvayne bassist Shawn Barclay released his band Sprung's debut album, mastered by King's X guitarist Ty Tabor. That month, rumors spread that Bullygoat Records would release We Pay Our Debt Sometimes: A Tribute to Alice in Chains, with performances by Mudvayne, Cold, Audioslave, Breaking Benjamin, Static-X and the surviving members of Alice in Chains. A spokesperson for Alice in Chains told the press that the band was unaware of any tribute album, and Mudvayne's manager said that reports of the album were only rumors.

In September, the band met with director Darren Lynn Bousman, whose film Saw II was in production and would include "Forget to Remember" from Lost and Found. Bousman showed them a scene of a man cutting his eye out of his skull to retrieve a key. When Gray told Bousman about the conversation at Bob's Big Boy two years earlier, Bousman said he holds his production meetings at the restaurant and Saw II was based on a screenplay he wrote years earlier. Gray appeared briefly in the film, and the music video for "Forget to Remember" contained clips from Saw II.

The New Game and Mudvayne (2006–2009)
In 2006, Gray, Tribbett and Tom Maxwell were joined by former Pantera and Damageplan drummer Vinnie Paul for the supergroup Hellyeah. On March 8, when Mudvayne and Korn performed at the KBPI Birthday Bash in Denver, Thornton waitress Nicole LaScalia was injured during Mudvayne's set. Two years later, LaScalia filed a lawsuit against radio station owner Clear Channel Broadcasting, concert promoter Live Nation, the University of Denver and members of Mudvayne and Korn. During the summer, Gray, Tribbett, Maxwell and Paul recorded an album as Hellyeah. After a tour with Sevendust, Mudvayne released the 2007 retrospective By the People, for the People (compiled from selections chosen by fans on the band's website). The album debuted at number 51 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, selling about 22,000 copies in its first week.

After Gray and Tribbett returned from touring with Hellyeah, Mudvayne began recording The New Game with Dave Fortman. After the album's 2008 release, Fortman told MTV that it would be followed in six months by another full-length record.

For its self-titled fifth album, Mudvayne hoped to create a "white album", describing its cover art. The album, printed with blacklight paint, was only visible under a black light (a light whose wavelength is primarily ultraviolet). Mudvayne was recorded in the summer of 2008 and released in 2009.

Hiatus (2010–2021)
In 2010, Mudvayne again paused to allow Gray and Tribbett to tour with Hellyeah, and, because of the supergroup's album releases, the band would be on hiatus until at least 2014. With Hellyeah, Tribbett has recorded three albums: Hellyeah, Stampede and Band of Brothers. Gray has contributed to an additional fourth, fifth and sixth albums, Blood for Blood, Unden!able and Welcome Home. In 2012, Ryan Martinie toured with Korn as a temporary replacement for bassist Reginald Arvizu, who remained at home during his wife's pregnancy. The following year, Martinie played bass on Kurai's debut EP, Breaking the Broken, In 2014, Tribbett left Hellyeah.

Reunion (2021–present)
On April 19, 2021, Mudvayne announced that they had reunited and would play their first shows in 12 years in the fall, which included festival appearances at Inkcarceration Music & Tattoo in Mansfield, Aftershock in Sacramento and Welcome to Rockville in Florida; concert promoter and festival organizer Danny Wimmer stated that these would be the band's only live appearances for 2021. The band were previously scheduled to also appear at Louder Than Life in Louisville, before the performance was canceled on September 21 due to Gray and some staff members contracting COVID-19. The members of Mudvayne have reportedly discussed the possibility of new material. The band's reunion resumed in the summer of 2022 with appearances at Upheaval Festival in Grand Rapids and Rock Fest in Cadott, followed by their first US tour in 13 years, which saw Mudvayne co-headline the Freaks on Parade tour with Rob Zombie. The tour's stop in Tampa made headlines when during one show, Gray fell off the stage while performing the song "Not Falling". Gray himself noted the irony, and joked it was "amazing" and "unbelievable".

Musical style and influences

Mudvayne is noted for its musical complexity, complex meters and polyrhythms. The band's music contains what McDonough calls "number symbolism", where certain riffs correspond to lyrical themes. Mudvayne has incorporated elements of death metal, jazz, jazz fusion, progressive rock, speed metal, thrash metal and world music.

Mudvayne's influences include Tool, Pantera, King Crimson, Genesis, Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Carcass, Deicide, Emperor, Miles Davis, Black Sabbath, Rush, Metallica, Slayer, Korn, and Deftones. Mudvayne have repeatedly expressed admiration for Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey, and were influenced by the film during the recording of L.D. 50.

Although Mudvayne has described its style as "math rock" and "math metal", drummer Matthew McDonough said in 2009: "I honestly don't know what 'math metal' is. I made a joke early on in Mudvayne's career that we used an abacus in writing. It seems I should be careful making jokes in interviews. I don't really see Mudvayne as an innovator in anything." Music critics and journalists have categorized the band as alternative metal, nu metal, experimental metal, extreme metal, hard rock, heavy metal, math metal, groove metal, neo-progressive metal, neo-progressive rock, progressive rock, and progressive metal. Eli Enis of Revolver magazine wrote that the band "wriggled between nu-metal, alt-metal, prog and hard rock in a way that remains completely unrivaled to this day. No one else has or ever will sound quite like them."

Appearance

Although Mudvayne was known for its appearance, Gray described its aesthetic as "music first, visuals second". When L.D. 50 was released, the band performed in horror film-style makeup. Epic Records initially promoted Mudvayne without focusing on its members; early promotional materials featured a logo instead of photos of the band, but its appearance and music videos publicized L.D. 50. The members of Mudvayne were originally known by the stage names Kud, sPaG, Ryknow and Gurrg. At the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards (where they won the MTV2 Award for "Dig"), the band appeared in white suits with bloody bullet-hole makeup on their foreheads. After 2002, Mudvayne changed makeup styles (from multicolored face paint to extraterrestrials) for promotional photos and changed their stage names to Chüd, Güüg, Rü-D, and Spüg, though they would continue to perform in the horror-style makeup live. According to the band, the extravagant makeup added a visual aspect to their music and set them apart from other metal bands. From 2003 up until their dissolution, Mudvayne largely abandoned the use of makeup to avoid image comparisons with the band Slipknot. With their 2021 reunion, they began wearing makeup again when performing live.

Band members

Current members
 Greg Tribbett – guitars, backing vocals , lead vocals
 Matthew McDonough – drums, keyboards
 Chad Gray – lead vocals
 Ryan Martinie – bass
Touring members
 Marcus Rafferty – guitars, backing vocals

Former members
 Shawn Barclay – bass

Timeline

Discography

Studio albums
L.D. 50 (2000)
The End of All Things to Come (2002)
Lost and Found (2005)
The New Game (2008)
Mudvayne (2009)

Awards and nominations
MTV Video Music Awards

|-
| 2001 || "Dig" || MTV2 Award ||

Grammy Awards

|-
| 2006 || "Determined" || Best Metal Performance ||

References

Bibliography

External links

 Mudvayne on Facebook
 Mudvayne on MySpace
 Mudvayne on Twitter

1996 establishments in Illinois
American alternative metal musical groups
American nu metal musical groups
American progressive metal musical groups
Epic Records artists
Heavy metal musical groups from Illinois
Musical groups established in 1996
Musical groups disestablished in 2010
Musical groups reestablished in 2021
American musical quartets
Culture of Peoria, Illinois
Progressive rock musical groups from Illinois
Hard rock musical groups from Illinois
Rock music groups from Illinois

Mudvayne


2. Deutsche Volleyball-Bundesliga Süd 2011/12 steht für:
* 2. Deutsche Volleyball-Bundesliga Süd 2011/12 (Frauen)
 2. Deutsche Volleyball-Bundesliga Süd 2011/12 (Männer)


Alexandre Delettre (Gonesse, 25 de outubro de 1997) é um ciclista profissional francês membro da equipa Cofidis de categoria UCI WorldTeam.

Biografia
Em 2017 obteve sua primeira vitória na categoria amador. Ao ano seguinte, ganhou três vezes. Depois decidiu unir-se a VC Villefranche Beaujolais (DN1) em 2019, para ter um calendário de corridas mais extenso. Bom rematador, contribuiu à vitória final de seu clube na Copa da França DN1 com uma vitória no Grand Prix de Cherves e dois pódios. Também ocupa o sétimo lugar no campeonato da França sub-23, baixo as cores de seu comité regional. Desde agosto, foi um dos três ciclistas selecionados pela Delko Marseille Provence para unir à equipa como stagiaire. Desde a sua primeira corrida, distinguiu-se no camisola sul com um quarto posto em Polynormande , rodada da Copa da França profissional.

Alexandre finalmente converte-se em ciclista profissional a partir de 2021 com a equipa DELKO. Para seu primeiro dia de corrida no pelotão profissional, escapou-se na primeira etapa do Étoile de Bessèges. Ao dia seguinte, voltou a escapar-se para defender sua camisola de melhor escalador.

Palmarés
 Ainda não tem conseguido vitórias como profissional.

Resultados em Grandes Voltas

—: Não participa
Ab.: Abandona

Equipas
  Delko Marseille Provence (stagiaire) (08.2019-12.2019)
  DELKO (2021)
  Cofidis (2022-)

Referências

Ligações externas

Ciclistas da França

Alexandre Delettre


Împăratul ghețurilor este un roman de Ana-Maria Negrilă, apărut în 2006 la Editura Diasfera. În 2018, apare ediția a doua la editura Crux Publishing, iar în 2019, ediția în limba maghiară, la editura Metropolis Media, Ungaria.

Rezumat

Într-un viitor îndepărtat, Pământul trece printr-o nouă glaciațiune, iar supraviețuitorii trebuie să reclădească civilizația umană înfruntând condiții extreme. În orașul ridicat deasupra permafrostului, tânăra pre-văzătoare Sich încearcă să ducă o viață liniștită printre cărți, ferindu-se de intrigile Consiliului, de conflictele dintre corporații și de abuzurile forțelor de ordine Ospitaliere. Dar când un vârtej apărut brusc, parcă dintr-o altă dimensiune, amenință să distrugă metropola, Sich este forțată să colaboreze cu autoritățile pentru a desluși misterul: cine provoacă acest cataclism natural și, mai ales, cum poate fi oprit?
A sosit o noua glaciațiune, iar orașele, izolate unele de altele, sunt prinse în ghețuri peste care numai vânătorii nomazi mai au curajul să se aventureze. Pentru tânara Sich, viata oricum nu a fost niciodată prea ușoara, căci parintii ei, clarvazatori din organizatia Viitaz, au fost făcuti să dispară de sinistra politie secretă a Ospitalierilor. Acum, când trecutul ei pare să fi fost definitiv lăsat în urmă, un vartej enorm distruge cladiri, câutand parcă să-i dea de urmă tinerei. Și dacă tornada ar fi controlată de o persoană cu puteri supranaturale? În războiul secret dintre concernuri și facțiuni, Sich e singura care poate găsi sursa vârtejului înainte ca orașul să fie devastat.

Opinii critice

"Romanul Împăratul ghețurilor, apărut la editura Crux Publishing, sub semnătura scriitoarei Ana-Maria Negrilă, care face dovadă unui nemărginite puteri imaginative, plămădește o lume aparte, cu o intrigă sufocantă, susținută de un ritm alert în care factorul imprevizibil joacă un rol primordial."
Împăratul ghețurilor face parte din "științifico-fantasticul parapsihologic (cu influențe "bio" și "eco")"
"În Orașul ascuns, proză scurtă, și Împăratul ghețurilor, roman (Diasfera, București, 2005, respectiv, 2006), Ana-Maria Negrilă face separat două lucruri pe care le va aduce împreună în Regatul Sufletelor Pierdute (Crux Publishing, București, 2016). În primul volum se concentrează asupra posibilităților narative ale unui spațiu virtual grefat pe unul real (Bucureștiul fiind baza de pornire), avînd cartografia și arhitectura ca arte secrete; în cel de-al doilea volum introduce în sf-ul românesc primul personaj-narator feminin, tînăra războinică Sich. Autoarea răspunde golurilor sesizate în fantastica noastră și, după cum am mai spus, nu ezită să le umple ea însăși ori să capaciteze colegi de breaslă să își îndrepte eforturile către acest scop (v. grupul KULT)."
Împăratul ghețurilor este un roman cyberpunk. "Pe lângă elementele de înaltă tehnologie și viață josnică specifice acestei convenții literare, Ana-Maria Negrilă a inclus și elemente de satiră social-politică, antropologie, ezoterism. Nu am fost deloc surprins când, la mai multe luni după publicare, Împăratul ghețurilor a fost distins cu Premiul Vladimir Colin."

Note

Bibliografie
 Teme religioase în SF https://fantastica.ro/teme-religioase-in-sf/
 SF-ul romanesc după 2000 https://www.caietesilvane.ro/articole/515/SF-ul-romanesc-dup-259-2000.html
 Universul Împăratului ghețurilor http://egophobia.ro/?p=12214
 Lansare Împăratul ghețurilor https://bookhub.ro/crux-publishing-va-invita-la-final-frontier-2018-sa-pornim-intr-o-aventura-in-lumi-necunoscute-2/
 Împăratul ghețurilor la târgul Final Frontier 2018 http://lauracaltea.ro/evenimente/crux-publishing-va-invita-la-final-frontier-2018-sa-pornim-intr-o-aventura-in-lumi-necunoscute
 Prezentare Împăratul ghețurilor https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnP21Vdpkuk
 Observatorul cultural https://www.observatorcultural.ro/articol/fantasy-science-fiction-douamiistii-4/
 Recenzie bibliocarti https://bibliocarti.com/imparatul-gheturilor-de-ana-maria-negrila-recenzie/
 Recenzie booknation https://booknation.ro/recenzie-imparatul-gheturilor-de-ana-maria-negrila/
 Recenzie antologiianalogii https://analogiiantologii.com/2018/07/08/imparatul-gheturilor/

Legături externe
  Împăratul ghețurilor pe Goodreads
 Pagină produs Crux Publishing

Romane din 2006
Romane românești
Romane științifico-fantastice românești

Împăratul ghețurilor


A geocentric orbit, Earth-centered orbit, or Earth orbit involves any object orbiting Earth, such as the Moon or artificial satellites. In 1997, NASA estimated there were approximately 2,465 artificial satellite payloads orbiting Earth and 6,216 pieces of space debris as tracked by the Goddard Space Flight Center. More than 16,291 objects previously launched have undergone orbital decay and entered Earth's atmosphere.

A spacecraft enters orbit when its centripetal acceleration due to gravity is less than or equal to the centrifugal acceleration due to the horizontal component of its velocity. For a low Earth orbit, this velocity is about ; by contrast, the fastest crewed airplane speed ever achieved (excluding speeds achieved by deorbiting spacecraft) was  in 1967 by the North American X-15. The energy required to reach Earth orbital velocity at an altitude of  is about 36 MJ/kg, which is six times the energy needed merely to climb to the corresponding altitude.

Spacecraft with a perigee below about  are subject to drag from the Earth's atmosphere, which decreases the orbital altitude. The rate of orbital decay depends on the satellite's cross-sectional area and mass, as well as variations in the air density of the upper atmosphere. Below about , decay becomes more rapid with lifetimes measured in days. Once a satellite descends to , it has only hours before it vaporizes in the atmosphere. The escape velocity required to pull free of Earth's gravitational field altogether and move into interplanetary space is about .

List of terms and concepts

Altitude as used here, the height of an object above the average surface of the Earth's oceans.
Analemma a term in astronomy used to describe the plot of the positions of the Sun on the celestial sphere throughout one year. Closely resembles a figure-eight.
Apogee is the farthest point that a satellite or celestial body can go from Earth, at which the  orbital velocity will be at its minimum.
Eccentricity a measure of how much an orbit deviates from a perfect circle. Eccentricity is strictly defined for all circular and elliptical orbits, and parabolic and hyperbolic trajectories.
Equatorial plane as used here, an imaginary plane extending from the equator on the Earth to the celestial sphere.
Escape velocity as used here, the minimum velocity an object without propulsion needs to have to move away indefinitely from the Earth. An object at this velocity will enter a parabolic trajectory; above this velocity it will enter a hyperbolic trajectory.
Impulse the integral of a force over the time during which it acts. Measured in (N·sec or lb * sec).
Inclination the angle between a reference plane and another plane or axis. In the sense discussed here the reference plane is the Earth's equatorial plane.
Orbital arc an imaginary arc in the sky as seen from any given location on the surface of the Earth.
Orbital characteristics the six parameters of the Keplerian elements needed to specify that orbit uniquely.
Orbital period as defined here, time it takes a satellite to make one full orbit around the Earth.
Perigee is the nearest approach point of a satellite or celestial body from Earth, at which the orbital velocity will be at its maximum.
Sidereal day the time it takes for a celestial object to rotate 360°. For the Earth this is: 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4.091 seconds.
Solar time as used here, the local time as measured by a sundial.
Velocity an object's speed in a particular direction. Since velocity is defined as a vector, both speed and direction are required to define it.

Types
The following is a list of different geocentric orbit classifications.

Altitude classifications

 Low Earth orbit (LEO)  Geocentric orbits ranging in altitude from 160 kilometers (100 statute miles) to  above mean sea level. At 160 km, one revolution takes approximately 90 minutes, and the circular orbital speed is .
 Medium Earth orbit (MEO)  Geocentric orbits with altitudes at apogee ranging between  and that of the geosynchronous orbit at .
 Geosynchronous orbit (GEO)  Geocentric circular orbit with an altitude of .  The period of the orbit equals one sidereal day, coinciding with the rotation period of the Earth. The speed is approximately .
 High Earth orbit (HEO)  Geocentric orbits with altitudes at apogee higher than that of the geosynchronous orbit. A special case of high Earth orbit is the highly elliptical orbit, where altitude at perigee is less than .

Inclination classifications
 Inclined orbit  An orbit whose inclination in reference to the equatorial plane is not 0.
 Polar orbit  A satellite that passes above or nearly above both poles of the planet on each revolution. Therefore it has an inclination of (or very close to) 90 degrees.
 Polar Sun synchronous orbit  A nearly polar orbit that passes the equator at the same local time on every pass. Useful for image-taking satellites because shadows will be the same on every pass.

Eccentricity classifications
 Circular orbit  An orbit that has an eccentricity of 0 and whose path traces a circle.
 Elliptic orbit  An orbit with an eccentricity greater than 0 and less than 1 whose orbit traces the path of an ellipse.
 Hohmann transfer orbit  An orbital maneuver that moves a spacecraft from one circular orbit to another using two engine impulses. This maneuver was named after Walter Hohmann.
 Geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO)  A geocentric-elliptic orbit where the perigee is at the altitude of a low Earth Orbit (LEO) and the apogee at the altitude of a geosynchronous orbit.
 Highly elliptical orbit (HEO)  Geocentric orbit with apogee above 35,786 km and low perigee (about 1,000 km) that result in long dwell times near apogee.
 Molniya orbit  A highly elliptical orbit with inclination of 63.4° and orbital period of ½ of a sidereal day (roughly 12 hours). Such a satellite spends most of its time over a designated area of the Earth.
 Tundra orbit  A highly elliptical orbit with inclination of 63.4° and orbital period of one sidereal day (roughly 24 hours). Such a satellite spends most of its time over a designated area of the Earth.
 Hyperbolic trajectory  An "orbit" with eccentricity greater than 1. The object's velocity reaches some value in excess of the escape velocity, therefore it will escape the gravitational pull of the Earth and continue to travel infinitely with a velocity (relative to Earth) decelerating to some finite value, known as the hyperbolic excess velocity.
 Escape Trajectory  This trajectory must be used to launch an interplanetary probe away from Earth, because the excess over escape velocity is what changes its heliocentric orbit from that of Earth.
 Capture Trajectory  This is the mirror image of the escape trajectory; an object traveling with sufficient speed, not aimed directly at Earth, will move toward it and accelerate. In the absence of a decelerating engine impulse to put it into orbit, it will follow the escape trajectory after periapsis.
 Parabolic trajectory  An "orbit" with eccentricity exactly equal to 1. The object's velocity equals the escape velocity, therefore it will escape the gravitational pull of the Earth and continue to travel with a velocity (relative to Earth) decelerating to 0. A spacecraft launched from Earth with this velocity would travel some distance away from it, but follow it around the Sun in the same heliocentric orbit. It is possible, but not likely that an object approaching Earth could follow a parabolic capture trajectory, but speed and direction would have to be precise.

Directional classifications
 Prograde orbit  an orbit in which the projection of the object onto the equatorial plane revolves about the Earth in the same direction as the rotation of the Earth.
 Retrograde orbit  an orbit in which the projection of the object onto the equatorial plane revolves about the Earth in the direction opposite that of the rotation of the Earth.

Geosynchronous classifications
 Semi-synchronous orbit (SSO)  An orbit with an altitude of approximately  and an orbital period of approximately 12 hours
 Geosynchronous orbit (GEO)  Orbits with an altitude of approximately . Such a satellite would trace an analemma (figure 8) in the sky.
 Geostationary orbit (GSO)  A geosynchronous orbit with an inclination of zero. To an observer on the ground this satellite would appear as a fixed point in the sky.
 Clarke orbit  Another name for a geostationary orbit. Named after the writer Arthur C. Clarke.
 Earth orbital libration points  The libration points for objects orbiting Earth are at 105 degrees west and 75 degrees east. More than 160 satellites are gathered at these two points.
 Supersynchronous orbit  A disposal / storage orbit above GSO/GEO. Satellites will drift west.
 Subsynchronous orbit  A drift orbit close to but below GSO/GEO. Satellites will drift east.
 Graveyard orbit, disposal orbit, junk orbit  An orbit a few hundred kilometers above geosynchronous that satellites are moved into at the end of their operation.

Special classifications
 Sun-synchronous orbit  An orbit which combines altitude and inclination in such a way that the satellite passes over any given point of the planet's surface at the same local solar time. Such an orbit can place a satellite in constant sunlight and is useful for imaging, spy, and weather satellites.
 Moon orbit  The orbital characteristics of Earth's Moon. Average altitude of , elliptical–inclined orbit.

Non-geocentric classifications
 Horseshoe orbit  An orbit that appears to a ground observer to be orbiting a planet but is actually in co-orbit with it. See asteroids 3753 (Cruithne) and 2002 AA29.
  Sub-orbital flight  A launch where a spacecraft approaches the height of orbit but lacks the velocity to sustain it.

See also

 Earth's orbit
 List of orbits
 Orbital mechanics
 Celestial sphere
 Heliocentric orbit
 Areosynchronous orbit
 Areostationary orbit
 Escape velocity
 Satellite
 Satellite watching
 Space station

References

External links
Orbital speed
Medium Earth Orbit
NASA.gov
More Moons Around Earth? Its Not So Loony (archived 21 February 2010)
Near-Earth asteroid 3753 Cruithne – Earth's curious companion
Earth coorbital asteroid 2002 AA29

Geocentric orbit


ශ්‍රී ලංකාවෙන් පක්ෂීන් විශේෂ 482ක් වාර්ථා වී ඇති අතර ඉන් විශේෂ 210ක් අභිජනන නේවාසිකයන් වෙති.

ගෝත්‍රය ගැලිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය ඇන්සෙරිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය ටර්නිසිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය පිසිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය බසේරොටිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය යුපපිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය ට්‍රෝගොනිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය කොරසයිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය කුකුලිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය සිටාසිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය ඇපොඩිෆෝම්ස්

බස්සන්

ගෝත්‍රය කැප්‍රිමල්ජිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය කොලුම්බිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය ගෘයිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය චැරාඩ්‍රයිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය ඇසිපිට්‍රිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය ෆැල්කනිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය පොඩිසිපෙඩිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය ෆෙතොන්ටිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය පෙලිකනිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය ෆිනීකොප්ටෙරිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය සිකොනිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය ප්‍රොසේලරිෆෝම්ස්

ගෝත්‍රය පැසෙරිෆෝම්ස්

මූලාශ්‍ර

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කුරුල්ලෝ

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කුරුළු නාමාවලිය


Huell Burnley Howser (October 18, 1945 – January 7, 2013) was an American television personality, actor, producer, writer, singer, and voice artist, best known for hosting, producing, and writing California's Gold and his human interest show Visiting... with Huell Howser, produced by KCET in Los Angeles for California PBS stations. The archive of his video chronicles offers an enhanced understanding of the history, culture, and people of California. He also voiced the Backson in Winnie the Pooh (2011).

Early life
Howser was born in Gallatin, Tennessee, on October 18, 1945, to Harold Chamberlain and Jewell Havens (Burnley) Howser. Howser's first name is a portmanteau of his parents' given names, Harold and Jewell, as Howser explained in the California's Gold episode "Smartsville."

Howser graduated from the University School of Nashville in 1963, then studied history and political science at the University of Tennessee, where he served as student body president.

Career
After serving in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve and on the staff of U.S. Senator Howard Baker, Howser began his television career at WSMV-TV in Nashville, Tennessee, where he produced shows focused on human interest stories, such as Happy Features and The Happy World of Huell Howser. Howser was also a television personality working for the University of Tennessee.

After working in New York City as the host of WCBS-TV's Real Life show, Howser moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1981 to work as a reporter for KCBS-TV. During 1982 and 1983, he served as weekend host and correspondent for Entertainment Tonight. In 1983, he joined KCET (then a PBS affiliate) as host and producer of Videolog, a series of brief human-interest segments running less than 10 minutes each, that aired in between the station's shorter programs to fill up air time. "Videolog" eventually became one of the more popular programs on KCET, and in 1990, the show was expanded to half hour-long episodes. Included in Videolog was lint artist Slater Barron among other topics relevant to Los Angeles and adjacent communities.

California's Gold

In 1991, after spending his vacation driving across the Golden State and visiting with all 13 PBS stations in California, California's Gold premiered in April of that year. California's Gold highlights small towns, landmarks, events, or places of interest throughout California that are not well known to the general public. Howser conducted informal, often impromptu, interviews with locals involved with the sites he visited. He also produced California's Communities, California's Golden Fairs, Downtown, California's Water, California's Green, California's Golden Coast, California's Golden Parks, Road Trip, Visiting... with Huell Howser, California Missions, Palm Springs, Our Neighborhoods, The Bench, and various specials.

Visiting... with Huell Howser

Visiting... with Huell Howser was a weekly PBS series hosted by Howser that originally aired from 1991 until his retirement in 2012 that focused on "the diverse people, places, and events that make southern California such a unique community." , KCET, and other Southern California PBS continue to rerun this popular series. Episodes can be viewed on demand on the Chapman University, and PBS affiliates' websites.

Other work

Articles written by Howser appeared in Westways, the magazine of the Automobile Club of Southern California.

In 1997, he featured prominently as himself alongside Tracey Ullman in character as Ruby Romaine in the Tracey Takes On... episode "Hollywood."

Howser spearheaded an unsuccessful effort to stop the demolition of buildings designed by Paul Williams at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard.

He appeared in Who Killed the Electric Car? (2006) in his capacity as a reporter, witnessing the demolition and shredding of a Honda EV Plus.

In 2011, Howser voiced the Backson in the post-credits scene of Walt Disney Animation Studios' feature film Winnie the Pooh.

Personal life
Howser lived in the historic El Royale apartments in Los Angeles, California, in an apartment which had previously been home to character actor William Frawley. Howser also had homes in Palm Springs and Twentynine Palms.

On June 29, 2015, Howser's Twentynine Palms home became available for rentals and weddings.

Howser mentioned that he was a Methodist during his episode covering the Nevada County Fair on California's Golden Fairs.

Volcano House
In 2003, Howser purchased the  Volcano House, situated on a volcanic cinder cone just outside Barstow in Newberry Springs, along with  of desert and a man-made lake. In 2010, Howser put the unusual residence on the market for $650,000.

In June 2012, The Panther, a student-run newspaper for Chapman University, announced that Howser had donated the Volcano House to the school. On September 3, 2015, Chapman University sold the Volcano House for $750,000.

Retirement and death
On November 27, 2012, The Sacramento Bee reported that Howser was retiring from making new shows, amid speculation in the television community that he was seriously ill.

On January 7, 2013, Howser died at his Palm Springs home, at the age of 67. He had been battling cancer for several years and his death certificate listed metastatic prostate cancer as the cause. Howser's body was cremated and his ashes were scattered at sea off the coast of Los Angeles County.

On January 15, 2013, a memorial was held for Howser, who said before his death that he did not want a funeral as he did not want attention.

Legacy

Howser donated his videotaped collection of California's Gold episodes, as well as those of his other series, to Chapman University in 2011. He also donated his personal papers, and a large collection of books on California history to the university. The school established the Huell Howser Archives, which, when completed, will offer the public free access to the entire digitized collection of his life's work. The archives can be accessed at Chapman University as well as on the internet. He also gave his extensive art collection, which consists mostly of "found-object" art collected during his travels, to the university, and endowed the California's Gold Scholarship Fund. Upon his death he bequeathed his remaining two homes to the university, the proceeds from the sale of which will be added to the scholarship fund.

Testimonials to Howser's unique contribution to the celebration of California history and culture were acknowledged in numerous media sources upon word of his death. Gustavo Arellano, then-editor of the OC Weekly, called Howser "the greatest Californian since Hiram Johnson," noting that for Howser, "California was the ultimate temple of the American dream." Such an assessment reflects the high regard in which many Californians hold Howser's achievement of a very media-savvy and unabashedly enthusiastic promotion of their state's heritage.

In 2015, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to him.

In popular culture
Howser's enthusiastic style as host of his various travel shows led to him being impersonated and lampooned by comedians and radio personalities, such as Adam Carolla, Dana Gould, Ralph Garman, and James Adomian.

Matt Groening has stated he is a fan of Howser and featured him in two episodes of The Simpsons: "There's Something About Marrying," in which a character named Howell Huser (voiced by Dan Castellaneta) falls off a turnip truck, and "O Brother, Where Bart Thou?," in which the real Howser presents a program similar to Marc Summers' Unwrapped television program titled Under the Wrapper. Howser received a voice credit for the episode. The Simpsons episode "A Test Before Trying" commemorated his death with a quick cartoon memorial shot at the end of the episode, stating: "In Memory of Huell Howser, Friend of the Simpsons and a friend of California."

Filmography

References

Further reading

External links

 Huell Howser Archives at Chapman University
 Visiting with Huell Howser, from KCET

 Interactive map of places Huell visited
 Huell Howser – California's Dreamer, from the KVIE website
 Lunch With Huell Q&A with Huell Howser by Aaron Proctor in the Pasadena Weekly August 20, 2008.

 In Memory of Huell Howser

1945 births
2013 deaths
American male voice actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
Television personalities from California
Male actors from Tennessee
People from Gallatin, Tennessee
Male actors from Palm Springs, California
Travel broadcasters
United States Marines
University of Tennessee alumni
American Methodists
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from prostate cancer
California culture

Huell Howser


Mes rendez-vous avec Leo ou Mes rendez-vous avec Léo () est une comédie dramatique britannique réalisée par Sophie Hyde, sur un scénario de Katy Brand, sortie en 2022.

Synopsis

Nancy Stokes (Emma Thompson) est enseignante de religion à la retraite. Veuve depuis deux ans, elle n'a jamais connu une vie sexuelle épanouie. Elle décide alors de s'offrir les services d'un escort-boy. Elle réserve une chambre d'hôtel pour y accueillir le jeune Leo Grande. Elle est nerveuse, complexée par son corps et son âge, culpabilisée à l'idée de recourir aux services d'un travailleur du sexe. Lorsqu'elle était enseignante, elle donnait régulièrement à ses élèves des sujets de dissertation portant sur l'éthique de la prostitution. Leo Grande essaie de la mettre à l'aise.

Nancy est curieuse de la vie de Leo. Ce dernier lui dit que sa mère ne sait pas quelle profession il exerce, et qu'elle croit qu'il travaille sur une plate-forme pétrolière offshore. Nancy a pour sa part des relations difficiles avec ses propres enfants. Elle n'a eu que son mari comme partenaire sexuel, avec des pratiques sexuelles très routinières, avec des préliminaires très limités, sans jamais dévier de la position du missionnaire, et jamais de sexe oral que son mari jugeait humiliant.

Nancy se rappelle un souvenir de jeunesse: lors de vacances en Grèce, elle s'était sentie très attirée par un employé de l'hôtel. Un soir, celui-ci avait commencé à l'embrasser et à la caresser, avant d'être interrompu par une arrivée inopinée, et elle avait quitté l'hôtel le lendemain. Elle se détend, et Leo peut la caresser et l'embrasser.

Pour leur second rendez-vous, Nancy a préparé une liste de pratiques sexuelles qu'elle voudrait essayer, en commençant par la fellation et le cunnilingus. Elle reçoit des appels téléphoniques répétés de sa fille, ce qui la perturbe. Nancy a l'impression que sa maternité l'a empêchée de mener la vie qu'elle aurait souhaitée. Leo l'aide à se relaxer avec de la danse et un massage, lui parle de ses autres clientes et de leurs besoins très divers. Nancy finit par lui faire une fellation.

Pour leur troisième rendez-vous, Nancy a encore réservé la même chambre d'hôtel. Elle teste cette fois le cunnilingus, avec plaisir mais sans éprouver d'orgasme. Elle avoue à Leo qu'elle a fait des recherches sur Internet et découvert sa véritable identité, car Leo Grande est un pseudonyme. Tout comme Nancy Stokes, d'ailleurs. Leo est furieux et lui dit qu'elle ne doit plus jamais faire appel à ses services. Nancy souhaite toujours établir une relation plus personnelle avec lui, mais il refuse. Dans un accès de colère, il lui dit que sa mère l'a renié quand il avait 15 ans et qu'elle dit à tout le monde qu'il est mort.

Il y a tout de même un quatrième rendez-vous, et ils se retrouvent cette fois dans le café de l'hôtel. Elle remercie Leo pour ses services et lui dit qu'elle l'a recommandé à des amies. Leo dit à Nancy qu'il a avoué à son frère quelle était sa véritable profession, mais que ce dernier s'en doutait. Il lui dit aussi que sa mère l'a renié après l'avoir surpris en train d'avoir des relations sexuelles avec plusieurs amis.

La serveuse, Becky, s'avère être une ancienne élève de Nancy, dont le véritable nom est Susan Robinson. Elle raconte à Leo qu'une fois, Nancy/Susan avait pris à part les filles de sa classe pour leur reprocher de porter des jupes trop courtes, en leur disant qu'elles s'habillaient comme des "trainées". Nancy est très gênée qu'on lui rappelle cet incident. Elle s'excuse auprès de Becky, et lui explique quelle est sa véritable relation avec Leo, à la grande stupéfaction de Becky.

Leo et Nancy se retrouvent ensuite dans la chambre où ils essaient plusieurs positions, sans que Nancy n'obtienne un orgasme. Leo veut alors recourir à un sex-toy, et alors qu'il est en train de le chercher, Nancy se masturbe et éprouve son premier orgasme. Elle remercie Leo, et lui dit qu'elle n'aura plus besoin de ses services désormais. Restée seule dans la chambre, elle se contemple nue dans le miroir.

Fiche technique
 Titre original :
 Réalisation : Sophie Hyde
 Scénario : Katy Brand
 Musique : Stephen Rennicks
 Costumes : Sian Jenkins
 Photographie et montage : Bryan Mason
 Production : Debbie Gray et Adrian Politowski
 Sociétés de production : Genesius Pictures et Align
 Sociétés de distribution : Lionsgate (Royaume-Uni) ; Hulu / Searchlight Pictures (États-Unis) ; Wild Bunch Distribution (France)
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : anglais
 Format : couleur — 2,00:1
 Genre : comédie dramatique
 Durée : 97 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 États-Unis :  (Festival du film de Sundance) ;  (en VOD sur Hulu)
 Royaume-Uni :
 France :
Classififation :
France : Tout public lors de sa sortie en salles mais déconseillé aux moins de 12 ans à la télévision.

Distribution

 Emma Thompson  : Nancy Stokes/Susan Robinson
 Daryl McCormack  : Leo Grande/Connor
 Isabella Laughland : Becky
 Les Mabaleka : le livreur
 Charlotte Ware : une serveuse
 Carina Lopes : une serveuse

Accueil critique
Le site Allociné attribue au film une note moyenne de 3,2/5 à partir de l'interprétation de 23 critiques. de presse. Sur le site Rotten Tomatoes, le film obtient un tomatometer de 93% basé sur 218 critiques.

Distinctions

Récompenses

Nominations

 Golden Globes 2023 : meilleure actrice dans un film musical ou une comédie pour Emma Thompson

Sélections

 Berlinale 2022 : hors compétition

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Good Luck to You, Leo Grande, site du Festival du film de Sundance

Film britannique sorti en 2022
Comédie dramatique britannique
Film en anglais
Film sur la prostitution masculine
Film sur la prostitution au Royaume-Uni
Film d'Hulu
Film classé R aux États-Unis
Film interdit aux moins de 15 ans au Royaume-Uni
Film tous publics en France
Film nommé aux BAFTA Awards

Mes rendez-vous avec Leo


An Lepanthes amplectens in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carlyle August Luer ngan Johan Hermans. An Lepanthes amplectens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Lepanthes, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Costa Rica. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Lepanthes

Lepanthes amplectens


Ivan Pavlovici Ciuvelev (în , ) a fost un actor sovietic, ce a primit titlul de Artist emerit al RSFSR (1935).

Biografie
Ivan Pavlovici Ciuvelev s-a născut în anul 1897 la Moscova. În anii 1909-1919 a studiat pictura și sculptura la Școala de desen tehnic Stroganov.

Începând din 1921 a lucrat la studioul A. P. Zonov ca actor și decorator-scenograf, apoi la atelierul teatral N.M. Foregger, la teatrul de cameră, la teatrul "Bluza Albastră" și la Teatrul V.E. Meyerhold.

A murit la 31 decembrie 1942.

Filmografie
 1927 - Konets Sankt-Peterburga
 1928 - Belyy oryol
 1928 - Zemlya v plenu
 1928 - Khuti tsuti
 1930 - Orașe și ani - Andrei Starțov
 1930 - Spyashchaya krasavitsa
 1931 - Tommi - Vaska
 1931 - Chelovek iz tyurmy
 1932 - Zhenshchina
 1934 - Iudushka Golovlyov
 1934 - Groza - Tikhon Kabanov
 1935 - Krestyane - Kostya
 1935 - Zolotye ogni - Lyosha
 1936 - Deti kapitana Granta - Ayerton
 1936 - Ya lyublyu - Ostap
 1937 - Za sovetskuyu rodinu - Artu
 1938 - Zangezur - Nikita
 1938 - Volga
 1939 - V lyudyakh - Sitanev
 1939 - Minin i Pozharskiy - Vaska

Premii și onoruri
 Artist emerit al RSFSR (1935)

Legături externe
 Ivan Ciuvelev pe site-ul "Enciclopedia cinematografiei"

Nașteri în 1897
Decese pe 31 decembrie
Decese în 1942
Actori din secolul al XX-lea
Actori ruși
Actori sovietici
Biografi

Ivan Ciuvelev


Süperpozisyon prensibi, lineer cebirde ve mekanikte "bir lineer sistemde sistemin lineer çözüm kombinasyonları, aynı lineer sistemin çözümüdür" şeklinde ifade edilen prensiptir. Süperpozisyon prensibine göre vektör alanlarında belli bir yer ve zamanda iki veya daha fazla vektör bir noktaya etkiyorsa vektörlerin meydana getirdiği yer değiştirmelerinin aritmetik toplamı toplam yer değiştirmeye eşittir.

Kaynakça

Lineer cebir
Dinamik

Süperpozisyon prensibi (matematik)


Zachary is a male given name, a variant of Zechariah – the name of several Biblical characters.

People
Pope Zachary (679–752), Pope of the Catholic Church from 741 to 752
Zachary of Vienne (died 106), bishop of Vienne (France), martyr and Roman Catholic saint
Zachary Abel (born 1980), American actor
Zachary Aston-Reese (born 1994), American ice hockey player
Zachary Babington (1690–1745), High Sheriff of Staffordshire and barrister
Zak Bagans (born 1977), American television host, author, documentary filmmaker and paranormal investigator
 Zachary James Baker, stage name Zacky Vengeance, rhythm guitarist for American rock band Avenged Sevenfold
Zachary Bayly (military officer) (1841–1916), South African colonial military commander
Zachary Bayly (planter) (1721–1769), planter and politician in Jamaica
Zachary Bell (born 1982), Canadian racing cyclist
Zachary Bennett (born 1980), Canadian actor and musician
Zachary Blount (born 1977), American biologist
Zachary Borovay, multi-media designer
Zachary Boyd (1585–1653), Scottish religious writer
Zachary Braiterman, American philosopher
Zachary Brault-Guillard (born 1998), Canadian soccer player
Zachary Breaux (1960–1997), American jazz guitarist
Zachary Breganski, Canadian soccer player
Zachary Brooke (theologian) (1716–1788), English clergyman and academic
Zachary Brooke (historian) (1883–1946), British medieval historian and writer
Zachary Browne (born 1985), American actor
Zachary Bruenger (born 1990), American stock car racing driver
Zachery Ty Bryan (born 1981), American actor
Zachary Burns (born 1996), American rower
Zachary Cairncross (born 1989), Australian footballer
Zachary Carrettin (born 1972), American musician, conductor, and music educator
Zachary Carter (born 1999), American football player
Zachary Catazaro (born 1989), American ballet dancer
Zachary Adam Chesser (born 1989), American convert to Islam who pleaded guilty to aiding a terrorist organization
Zachary Clay (born 1995), Canadian artistic gymnast
Zachary Cooke-Collis (1754–1834), Irish archdeacon
Zachary Cradock (1633–1695)
Zachary Taylor Davis (1872–1946), American architect
Zachary DeVille (born 1993), Guamanian footballer
Zachary Donohue (born 1991), American ice dancer
Zac Efron (born 1987), American actor and singer
Zachary Fisher (1910–1999), Jewish American philanthropist and real estate developer
Zachary Gordon (born 1998), American actor
Zachary Gramlich, American politician
Zachary Gray, a member of the Canadian indie rock band The Zolas
Zack Hample (born 1977), Major League baseball collector
Zac Hanson (born 1985), American musician, member of band Hanson
Zachary "Zach" Hyman (born 1992), Canadian NHL ice hockey player
Zachary D. Kaufman (born 1979), professor
Zachary Knighton (born 1978), American actor
Zachary Lansdowne (1888–1925), US Navy officer and early naval aviator
Zachary Lemnios (born 1954), American scientist, inventor and former US government Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering
Zachary Levi (born 1980), American actor, director, and singer
Zachary Alakaʻi Lum, Kānaka Maoli musician, composer, and hula dancer
Zachary Macaulay (1768–1838), Scottish abolitionist
Zachary "Zack" Merrick, (born 1988), bassist for All Time Low
Zachary Mudge (1770–1852), British Royal Navy admiral
Zachary Pearce (1690–1774), Anglican bishop and writer
Zachary Quinto (born 1977), American actor and producer
Zachary Smith Reynolds (1911–1932), American amateur aviator and youngest child of R. J. Reynolds, founder of the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
Zachary Rhyner (born 1986), U.S. Air Force Combat Controller and Air Force Cross recipient
Zachary Richard (born 1950), American Cajun singer-songwriter and poet
Zachary Scott (1914–1965), American actor
Zachary Cole Smith (born 1984), singer and frontman of DIIV
Zachary T. Space (born 1961), American lawyer and politician
Zachary Stevens (born 1966), American heavy metal and rock singer
Zachary Swain (born 1977), American drummer
Zachary Taylor (1784–1850), 12th President of the United States and US Army major general
Zachary Taylor (Tennessee politician) (1849–1921), U.S. Representative from Tennessee
Zachary Taylor (baseball) (1850–1917), American first baseman in the National Association for the 1874 Baltimore Canaries
Zachary Test (born 1989), American rugby union player
Zachary Turner (2002–2003), one-year-old murdered by his mother
Zachary "Zack" Weiss (born 1992), American Major League Baseball player
Zachary Wohlman (1988–2021), American boxer
Zachary Wyatt (born 1984), former member of the Missouri House of Representatives and only openly gay American Republican legislator

Characters
 Zachary Hale Comstock, primary antagonist of the video game BioShock Infinite
 Zachary "Zach" Dempsey, a character in the novel and Netflix series 13 Reasons Why
 Zachary "Owl Man" Dowling in the Zom-B novel series
 Zachary Gray in the young adult novels of Madeleine L'Engle
 Zackary Marker, the Cardcaptors name for the Cardcaptor Sakura character Takashi Yamazaki, voiced by Andrew Francis
 Zachary "Zack" Morris in the sitcoms Good Morning, Miss Bliss and the Saved by the Bell series
 Dr. Zachary Smith in the 1960s TV show Lost in Space
 Zachary "Zack" Taylor in the Power Rangers universe
 Zachary Zatara in the DC Comics universe

See also
 Zacharie
 Zachery
 Zechariah (given name)
 Zack (personal name)
 Zak (given name)
 Zackary

English masculine given names
Masculine given names
English-language masculine given names

Zachary


المحرة ، مدينة وبلدية تابعة لدائرة الشلالة بولاية البيض الجزائرية.

أصل التسمية
تقع بلدية المحرة في الجنوب العربي لولاية البيض يحدها من الشمال بلدية توسمولين وبلدية الكاف الأحمر ومن الجنوب بلدية بوسمغون بلدية الشلالة وبلدية الأبيض سيد الشيخ وكذا بلدية اربوات ومن الشرق بلدية البيض وبلدية عين العراك ومن الغرب ولاية النعامة (بلدية المشرية بلدية النعامة وبلدية عسلة)تمتاز بارضي خصبة وسهبية وهي منطقة رعوية تتوفر على نبتات عديدة منها الدرين، الحلفاء والاشجار البطم وكذا نبتات علفية للمواشي مثل القطفة والسدر تبعد بلدية المحرة عن الولاية بحوالي 80كلم تابعة إداريا لدائرة الشلالة يبلغ عدد سكانها بحوالي 12157 نسمة أغلبهم بدورحل لديها 3 قرى ثنوية وهي قرية الدغيمة بها حوالي 900 نسمة تبعد بحوالي 15كلم عن التجمع الرئيسي نشاط سكنها الفلاحة، قرية الخضر بها حوالي 700نسمة تبعد عن مقر البلدية حوالي 20كلم نشاط سكانها تربية المواشي، قرية بن هجام بها حوالي 600نسمة تبعد عن مقر البلدية حوالي 20كلم نشاط سكانها تربية المواشي اما سكان التجمع الرئيسي يمتاز سكانها بالعمل اليومي وتربية المواشي، اما باقي السكان الرحل البدو فهي النسبة الأكثر يمتاز نشاطهم بتربية المواشي لها مواد مائية هائلة بها ضاية الويين التي يتوافد لها أكثر من 100 نوع من الطيور المهاجرة سنويا

الموقع
تقع بلدية المحرة في غرب ولاية البيض، يحدها كل من:
 شمالا: بلدية الكاف الأحمر بلدية توسمولين بلدية الرقاصة
 جنوبا: بلدية بوسمغون، بلدية الأبيض سيد الشيخ بلدية الشلالة، بلدية اربوات
 شرقا: بلدية البيض، بلدية عين العرك
 غربا: ولاية النعامة (بلدية المشرية، بلدية النعامة، بلدية عسلة)

التضاريس
منطقة بها جبال

التاريخ
كانت في الحقبة الاستعمارية منطقة مستهدفة حيت شهدت معركة تزينة في مقاومة الشيخ بوعمامة وقدمت هذه المنطقة أكثر من 40 فارس سقطو في هذه المعركة وفي حرب التحرير قدمت حوالي 93 شهيد

أحياء وقرى البلدية
تضم البلدية قرى ريفية:
 المحرة
 الدغيمة
 الخضر.
 * بن هجام

النشاط الرياضي

كان أول تأسيس لنادي رياضي هاوي سنة 1986
تمت مشاركة في البطولة الولائية سنة 2001/2002/2003/2004/2008/2012/2013
تمت المشاركة في جل المنسبات الرياضية رغم انها لا توجد بها مرافق رياضية
تمت المشاركة في السباق الولائي سنة 2011 حازت علي المرتبة الأولى في صنف اواسط
المشاركة في نصف المرطون 2013

الاقتصاد
الاقتصاد الذي تمتاز به البلدية هو تربية المواشي ولها رابع سوق اسبوعية على مستوي الولاية وتتوفر بها المادة اولية مثل الصوف وبيع السمن الحيوني (الدهان) وبيع البان (مثل الكليلة) لها توزيع محصول وفير من الترفاس.

الفلاحة
تمتاز قرية الدغيمة العتيقة ببساتينها الخضراء وبيد عاملة في الفلاحة ولها اكتفاء ذاتي في الخضر وبعض الفواكه رغم نقص المياه بها

الصناعة
توجد فيها صنة تقليدية مثل صناعة الحلفاء وصنعة الخيمة الحمراء وصنعو الصوف مثل الافرشة والزرابي

وصلات أخرى

وصلات داخلية
 دائرة الشلالة
 ولاية البيض

وصلات خارجية
 إذاعة البيض الجهوية: الموقع الرسمي.
 الموقع الرسمي لولاية البيض.
 متوسطة ابن خلدون (البيض).

المصادر

بلديات ولاية البيض

المحرة


Amandas 2 verdener er en dokumentarbørnefilm instrueret af Anders Gustafsson efter manuskript af Ole Tornbjerg og Anders Gustafsson.

Handling
Amanda er 11 år. Hendes forældre er skilt. Derfor har hun to familier, to verdener, som hun skifter imellem hver uge. Amanda har det godt med begge sine forældre, og de har det okay med hinanden, men alligevel er det ikke nemt at være delebarn. Amanda tænker meget på, dengang mor og far var sammen, og på hvorfor de ikke længere er en familie. Og tit kan hun ikke sove, fordi hun bekymrer sig om, hvordan andre har det. Denne dokumentarfilm følger Amanda tæt i ni måneder i en tid med store forandringer: Begge forældre har fået nye kærester, og Amanda har fået nye søskende. Og begge forældre skal flytte med deres nye familier. Amanda bliver nødt til at forholde sig til forandringerne i sine to verdener og gøre sig fri fra kravet om at skulle gøre alle glade hele tiden.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Børnefilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2007
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Amandas 2 verdener


Victor Henri Rochefort, Marqués de Rochefort-Luçay (30 de enero de 1830 – 30 de junio de 1913) fue un periodista, político y autor teatral francés, nacido en París.

Vida
Su padre, Edmond Rochefort, fue un noble empobrecido legitimista, que había adquirido cierta reputación como escritor de vodeviles, con el nombre de Edmond Rochefort. Su madre, por el contrario, era de ideas republicanas. Después de sus experiencias como estudiante de medicina, empleado en el Ayuntamiento de París, dramaturgo y periodista, se incorporó a la plantilla de Le Figaro en 1863, pero una serie de artículos, publicados más tarde como Les Français de la décadence (3 vols., 1866 a 1868), llevó a un enfrentamiento con las autoridades francesas, y después de la intervención del Gobierno fue destituido de Le Figaro (1868).

En colaboración con diferentes dramaturgos, había escrito mientras tanto una larga serie de vodeviles de éxito, que comenzaron con Monsieur bien mis en el Folies Dramatiques en 1856. Al abandonar Le Figaro, Rochefort decidió crear un periódico de su propiedad, La Lanterne. El periódico fue intervenido en su undécima aparición, y en agosto de 1868 Rochefort fue condenado a un año de prisión y multa de 10.000 francos.

Posteriormente publicó su trabajo en Bruselas, desde donde fue introducido de contrabando en Francia. Impreso en francés, inglés, español, italiano y alemán, que fue la ronda de Europa. Después de un segundo juicio, huyó a Bélgica. Una serie de duelos, de los cuales el más famoso fue un con Paul de Cassagnac a propósito de un artículo sobre Juana de Arco, mantuvieron a Rochefort en el ojo público.

En 1869, después de dos candidaturas sin éxito, fue elegido miembro de la Cámara de Diputados por la primera circunscripción de París. Fue arrestado en la frontera, solo para ser casi de inmediato puesto en libertad, y de inmediato tomó posesión de su escaño.

Renovó sus ataques contra el Imperio, desde de un nuevo periódico, La Marseillaise, órgano de las reuniones políticas dispuestas por él mismo en La Villette. El personal fue nombrado con los votos de sus miembros, e incluyó a Victor Noir y Paschal Grousset. Los violentos artículos de este periódico condujeron al duelo que resultó en la muerte de Victor Noir a manos del príncipe Pierre-Napoléon Bonaparte. El periódico fue incautado y Rochefort y Grousset fueron enviados a prisión durante seis meses.

La revolución de septiembre y el advenimiento de la Tercera República Francesa fueron la señal para su liberación. Formó parte del Gobierno de Defensa Nacional, encabezado por el general Louis Jules Trochu, gobernador militar de París, pero esta breve asociación con las fuerzas de la ley y el orden se rompió pronto debido a su simpatía expresada abiertamente con los Comuneros. El 11 de mayo de 1871, huyó disfrazado de París. Una semana antes había renunciado junto a un puñado de diputados de la Asamblea Nacional en lugar de tolerar la desmembración de Francia. Detenido en Meaux por el Gobierno de Versalles, fue detenido durante un tiempo en la cárcel con una enfermedad nerviosa antes de que fuera condenado por la legislación militar a cadena perpetua.

A pesar de los esfuerzos realizados por Victor Hugo en su nombre, fue trasladado a Nueva Caledonia. En 1874, escapó a bordo de un barco americano hacia San Francisco. Vivió en Londres y Ginebra, hasta que la amnistía general de 1880 permitió su regreso a Francia. En Ginebra, reanudó la publicación de La Lanterne, y en los artículos periodísticos aparecía constantemente su nombre.

Cuando finalmente en 1880 la amnistía general permitió su regreso a París, fundó L'Intransigeant (El intransigente), de interés radical y socialista. Por un corto tiempo entre 1885-1886 accedió a la Cámara de Diputados, pero encontró una gran oportunidad al año siguiente para inflamar la opinión pública en la agitación boulangista. Fue condenado a reclusión en una fortaleza en agosto de 1889, al mismo tiempo que el General Boulanger, a quien había seguido al exilio. Continuó su polémica desde Londres, y después del suicidio del general Boulanger atacó con gran violencia en una serie de artículos a Jean Antoine Ernest Constans, ministro del Interior en el gabinete Freycinet, lo que llevó a una interpelación en la cámara legislativa en un ambiente de desorden y excitación salvaje.

El escándalo financiero de la fallida construcción del Canal de Panamá de Ferdinand de Lesseps le proporcionó otra nueva polémica, creando en Le Figaro, la sensación de que se había encontrado a Georges Clemenceau en la mesa del financiero Cornelius Herz. En 1895 regresó a París, dos años antes del estallido del caso Dreyfus, que le volvió a poner en el candelero, alineándose en el bando anti-Dreyfusistas junto a Édouard Drumont y Hubert-Joseph Henry, teniendo una participación destacada en la organización de la campaña de prensa. Posteriormente, fue director de La Patrie (La Patria).

Vida personal
Henri tuvo una larga relación con la editora y traductora Anna-Catherine Strebinger. Henri y Anna-Catherine se casaron en mayo de 1878. Anna-Catherine es un lugar destacado como Catherine en las memorias de Wanda von Sacher Masoch "Confesiones de ma Vie". Catherine hizo traducciones de muchas de las obras de Leopold Von Sacher Masoch. En el libro de Wanda, ella describe la relación de Catalina con Enrique como abierta, con Catherine abiertamente teniendo muchos amantes.

Obras
Además de sus obras y artículos en las revistas Rochefort publicó varios trabajos independientes, entre los que destacan:
 Les Petits Mystères de l'Hôtel des Ventes (1862), a collection of his art criticisms
 Les Dépravés (Geneva, 1882)
 Les Naufrageurs (1876)
 L'Évadé (1883)
 Napoléon dernier (3 vols., 1884)
 Les Aventures de ma vie (5 vols., 1896)

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Roger Lawrence Williams, Henri Rochefort, el príncipe de la prensa amarilla, Scribner, 1966.
 ¿Quién es quién 1914, p. xxiii
 El Mundo Inexistente: Una historia real de Dreamers, intrigantes, anarquistas y la policía secreta de Alex Butterworth (Pantheon Books, 2010).
 Este artículo incorpora el texto de una publicación ahora en el dominio público: Chisholm, Hugo, ed (1911). Enciclopedia Británica (11 ª ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Enlaces externos

Políticos de Francia del siglo XIX
Comuna de París
Nacidos en París

Henri Rochefort


Teokracija
Theocracy (glazbeni sastav)
Theocracy (album) sastava Theocracy
Theocracy (videoigra)

Theocracy


Múlaþing er sveitarfélag á Austurlandi sem varð til árið 2020 við sameiningu Borgarfjarðarhrepps, Djúpavogshrepps, Fljótsdalshéraðs og Seyðisfjarðarkaupstaðar.

Það er næststærsta sveitarfélag landsins; 10.671 ferkílómetrar að flatarmáli sem er rúm 10% af flatarmáli Íslands.

Kosið var um sameiningu sveitarfélaganna 26. október 2019 og Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson samgöngu- og sveitarstjórnarráðherra staðfesti sameininguna 14. febrúar 2020. Nafnakönnun vegna nýs nafns á sveitarfélaginu fór fram 27. júní 2020 og varð Múlaþing hlutskarpast. Sveitarstjórn samþykkti svo nafnið formlega 14. október 2020.

Úrslit sameiningarkosninga

Tilvísanir

Tenglar

 Heimasíða Múlaþings

Múlaþing


Merinsky oder Měřínský ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Jaro Merinsky (1895–1978), österreichischer Bauingenieur
 Zdeněk Měřínský (1948–2016), tschechischer Archäologe

Merinsky


În sezonul 2016–2017, FC Steaua București a fost angajată în competițiile Ligii I, Cupei României și în competițiile europene inter-cluburi. Sezonul a debutat pe , când echipa a câștigat Cupa Ligii 2015-2016, în finala competiției din anul precedent, amânată din cauza Euro 2016. Pe parcursul sezonului, în martie 2017, FC Steaua și-a schimbat numele în FCSB din cauza unui litigiu comercial cu Clubul Sportiv al Armatei, deținătorul brandului Steaua.

Campionat
În campionat, meciul din prima etapă, cu CSM Politehnica Iași, a fost amânat pentru 31 august, deoarece ambele echipe trebuia să joace în acea perioadă partide în competițiile europene Steaua în turul 3 preliminar al UEFA Champions League, iar Politehnica cu Hajduk Split în turul 2 preliminar al UEFA Europa League. A început campionatul în forță, din primele cinci meciuri câștigându-le pe toate, mai puțin unul, Eternul derby cu rivala FC Dinamo București, terminat la egalitate, 1–1. Înainte de debutul echipei naționale în preliminariile Campionatului Mondial din 2018, Steaua a disputat și partida-restanță cu Politehnica Iași, terminată și ea la egalitate, 1–1; la acest semieșec a contribuit și faptul că mulți din jucătorii Stelei erau plecați la loturile naționale, și antrenorul Reghecampf a fost obligat să alinieze o garnitură cu rezerve și juniori, doi dintre cei 14 jucători care au intrat pe teren de la început și pe parcursul meciului fiind debutanți în liga I. Chiar și așa, după aceste șase etape disputate, Steaua se afla pe primul loc în clasament.

Competiții europene
În competițiile europene, deși pentru prima oară după mai mulți ani nu a fost cap de serie în turul 3 preliminar, a reușit să elimine echipa mai bine cotată, Sparta Praga, cu scorul general 3–1, toate golurile Stelei fiind înscrise de Nicușor Stanciu. Această victorie i-a asigurat calificarea în faza grupelor unei competiții europene, deoarece în eventualitatea unei înfrângeri în play-offul Champions League, echipa se califica direct în grupele Europa League. Tragerea la sorți a play-offului Champions' League i-a adus Stelei cel mai puternic și mai dificil adversar, Manchester City FC, care a învins-o cu 6–0 la general (5–0 la București și 1–0 la Manchester). La tragerea la sorți pentru grupele UEFA Europa League, Steaua s-a aflat în urna a doua și a fost repartizată într-o grupă cu Villarreal CF, Osmanlıspor și FC Zürich.

Lot
Acesta este lotul la data de 2 septembrie 2016

Transferuri

Jucatori care au plecat de la Steaua in iarna anului 2017

Jucători dați sub formă de împrumut

Jucători care au venit la Steaua în vara anului 2016

Jucători care au plecat de la Steaua în vara anului 2016

Note

Sezoane FC Steaua București

FCSB în sezonul 2016–17


ලෙනවර රජ මහා විහාරය අකරවිට
අවිස්සාවේල්ල කොලඹ මර්ගයේ කොස්ගම-ශලාව යුධ හමුදා කඳවුර අසලින් වන අකරවිට මාර්ගයේ කිලෝ මීටර දෙකක් පමන ගිය විට හමුවන සුන්දර කඳුගැටයක් මත මෙම විහාරය පිහිටා ඇත. විශාල ධර්ම ශාලාවක් අසලින් වැටී ඇති පියගැට සියයක පෙලක් ඔස්සේ ඉහලට ගිය විට විහාර මළුවට පීවිසෙන්නට හැකිය. එසේ විහාර මළුවට පිවිසීමේදී මෑතක දී ඉදිකරන ලද වාහල්කඩින්ද විහාරස්ථානයේ විසිතුරු බව තවද වැඩිකරන අතර හමුවන බෝධිමළුවේ ඔබ්බෙන් වන නයි පෙනයක හැඩය ගත් විශාල ගල් ලෙනක විහාරය ඉදිකර ඇත. මෙම ලෙනෙහි කටාරම්ද කොටා තිබෙනු දැකිය හැකිය.

විහාර ගෙය තුල රියන් 10 ක පමන සැතපෙන පිලිමයකි. එම පිලිමයෙහි හිස පැත්තෙන් අඩි දහයක පමන හිටි පිලිමයක්ද වේ. පාමුල දෙසින්ද අඩි හයක පමන සමාධි බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමාවක්ද වේ. මීට අමතරව විෂ්ණු ප්‍රතිමාවක්ද වේ. බුදුන් වහන්සේ දෙව්ලොවින් සංකස්ස පුරයට වැඩම කිරීමද නෙලා ඇත. ප්‍රතිසංස්කරනය කර ඇති මුත් නුවර යුගයේ ලක්ෂන දැකිය හැකි බවට ඉතිහාසය හදාරන්නන් මේවා පැහැදිලි කරයි. බිත්ති මත මහරහතන් වහන්සේලාගේ සිතුවම් ඇඳ වියන අලංකාර මෝස්තරවලින් හැඩ කොට ඇත. විහාරගෙය කෙලවර පංචමහා දේවාලද ඉදිකර ඇත. ඝංථාකර අඩි 30 පමන උසැති චෛත්‍ය මෙම බිමෙහි වන සුන්දරත්වය තවත් වැඩිකරවන සුලුය.

විහාර ගෙය අසලින් ඉහලට නැගීමේදි අතීත භික්ෂූන් වහන්සේලා පරිහරනය කල කටාරම් කෙටූ හා කටාරම් නොකෙටූ ගල් ලෙන් හමුවන අතර එම ගල් තලාව මත ස්වාභාවිකව නිමවූ පොකුනු පහක් පමණ දැකිය හැකිය. ප්‍රමානයෙන් විශාල නොවුනද මෙම පොකුණු එකිනෙක උමං මගින් සම්බන්ද කර ඇති ගැබුරින් වැඩි ඒවා හැටියට හදාරන්නන් පෙන්වා දෙනා අතර ඔවුන් පෙන්වාදෙන්නේ පායන කාල වලදී වුවත් භික්ෂූන් වහන්සේලාට අවශ්‍ය ජලය ලබා දෙන්නට මෙවා උපකර වෙන්නට ඇති බවයි. මෙම ගල්තලාවේ මුදුනත හේවිසිගල ලෙසට නම් වන අතර විහාරයේ ආගමික වතාවත් වලදී ගල මුදුනේ සිට හේවිසි වැයීමේදී හේවාගම් කෝරලයේ මෙන්ම සියනෑ කෝරලයද  ආවරනය වන විශාල ප්‍රමානයකට තේවා හඬ ඇසෙන්නට ඇති බවට උපකල්පනය කල හැක. හදාරන්නන් වැඩි දුරටත් පවසන්නේ මෙම ලෙන් විහාරය අනුරාධපුර යුගයේ වලගම්බා රජ දවස දක්වා ඉතිහාසයක් ඇති බවට මතවාද පවතින මුත් ඒවා සදහා පැහැදිලි ශාක්ෂි නොමැති බවයි. කෝට්ටේ, සීතාවක මෙන්ම නුවර යුගවලදී මෙම පුන්‍ය භූමිය හොඳ දියුනු තත්වයක තිබෙන්නට ඇති බවටයි විස්වාසය වන්නේ,

මෙම විහාරස්ථානය අසලම ලෙනදොර ඇත්ගාලද පිහිටා ඇති අතර ගලර්වතය ස්වාභාවිකවම දෙපලුව එක් දෙසකින් පහසුවෙන් අලියෙකුට රිංගායමටය හැකිවන ලෙසට හා අනෙක් කෙරවලදී කො‍ටුවන ස්වභාවයක් ගන්න බව දැකිය හැකිය. අතීතයේ සිටම අලි ඇතුන් මෙම ගාලට කො‍ටුකර ගත් බවට ජනප්‍රවාද පවතින අතර සීතාවක ඇත් හමුදාවට අවශ්‍ය අලි ඇතුන් මෙම ස්ථානයෙන්ද අල්ලා ගන්නට ඇත.

අකරවිට රජ මහා විහාරය


The electric rays are a group of rays, flattened cartilaginous fish with enlarged pectoral fins, composing the order Torpediniformes . They are known for being capable of producing an electric discharge, ranging from 8 to 220 volts, depending on species, used to stun prey and for defense. There are 69 species in four families.

Perhaps the best known members are those of the genus Torpedo. The torpedo undersea weapon is named after it. The name comes from the Latin , 'to be stiffened or paralyzed', from the effect on someone who touches the fish.

Description

Electric rays have a rounded pectoral disc with two moderately large rounded-angular (not pointed or hooked) dorsal fins (reduced in some Narcinidae), and a stout muscular tail with a well-developed caudal fin. The body is thick and flabby, with soft loose skin with no dermal denticles or thorns. A pair of kidney-shaped electric organs are at the base of the pectoral fins. The snout is broad, large in the Narcinidae, but reduced in all other families. The mouth, nostrils, and five pairs of gill slits are underneath the disc.

Electric rays are found from shallow coastal waters down to at least  deep. They are sluggish and slow-moving, propelling themselves with their tails, not by using their pectoral fins as other rays do. They feed on invertebrates and small fish. They lie in wait for prey below the sand or other substrate, using their electricity to stun and capture it.

Relationship to humans

History of research

The electrogenic properties of electric rays have been known since antiquity, although their nature was not understood. The ancient Greeks used electric rays to numb the pain of childbirth and operations. In his dialogue Meno, Plato has the character Meno accuse Socrates of "stunning" people with his puzzling questions, in a manner similar to the way the torpedo fish stuns with electricity. Scribonius Largus, a Roman physician, recorded the use of torpedo fish for treatment of headaches and gout in his Compositiones Medicae of 46 AD.

In the 1770s the electric organs of the torpedo ray were the subject of Royal Society papers by John Walsh, and John Hunter. These appear to have influenced the thinking of Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta – the founders of electrophysiology and electrochemistry.
Henry Cavendish proposed that electric rays use electricity; he built an artificial ray consisting of fish shaped Leyden jars to successfully mimic their behaviour in 1773.

In folklore

The torpedo fish, or electric ray, appears continuously in premodern natural histories as a magical creature, and its ability to numb fishermen without seeming to touch them was a significant source of evidence for the belief in occult qualities in nature during the ages before the discovery of electricity as an explanatory mode.

Bioelectricity

The electric rays have specialised electric organs. Many species of rays and skates outside the family have electric organs in the tail; however, the electric ray has two large kidney-shaped electric organs on each side of its head, where current passes from the lower to the upper surface of the body. The nerves that signal the organ to discharge branch repeatedly, then attach to the lower side of each plaque in the batteries. These are composed of hexagonal columns, closely packed in a honeycomb formation. Each column consists of 500 to more than 1000 plaques of modified striated muscle, adapted from the branchial (gill arch) muscles. In marine fish, these batteries are connected as a parallel circuit, whereas freshwater batteries are arranged in series. This allows freshwater rays to transmit discharges of higher voltage, as freshwater cannot conduct electricity as well as saltwater. With such a battery, an electric ray may electrocute larger prey with a voltage of between 8 volts in some narcinids to 220 volts in Torpedo nobiliana, the Atlantic torpedo.

Systematics
The 60 or so species of electric rays are grouped into 12 genera and two families. The Narkinae are sometimes elevated to a family, the Narkidae. The torpedinids feed on large prey, which are stunned using their electric organs and swallowed whole, while the narcinids specialize on small prey on or in the bottom substrate. Both groups use electricity for defense, but it is unclear whether the narcinids use electricity in feeding.

 Family Narcinidae (numbfishes)
 Subfamily Narcininae
 Genus Benthobatis
 Genus Diplobatis
 Genus Discopyge
 Genus Narcine
 Subfamily Narkinae (sleeper rays)
 Genus Crassinarke
 Genus Electrolux
 Genus Heteronarce
 Genus Narke
 Genus Temera
 Genus Typhlonarke
 Family Hypnidae (coffin rays)
 Subfamily Hypninae (coffin rays)
 Genus Hypnos
 Family Torpedinidae (torpedo electric rays)
 Subfamily Torpedininae
 Genus Tetronarce
 Genus Torpedo

See also
 Endangered rays
 Electric fish

References

Electroreceptive animals

Rays
Electric fish
Extant Eocene first appearances
Taxa named by Fernando de Buen y Lozano

Electric ray


Alfabetul aramaic a fost adaptat din alfabetul fenician în secolul al VIII-lea î.Hr și a fost folosit pentru a scrie limba aramaică până în jurul anului 600 d.Hr. Toate literele reprezintă consoane, dintre care unele sunt folosite și ca matres lectionis pentru a indica vocalele lungi.

Alfabetul aramaic este semnificativ din punct de vedere istoric, de vreme ce aproape toate sistemele moderne de scriere din Orientul Mijlociu, precum și numeroase sisteme de scriere non-chineze din Asia Centrală și de Est derivă din acesta. Acest lucru se datorează faptului că limba aramaică a fost folosită pe scară largă ca lingua franca și limbă oficială în Imperiul Neo-Asirian și Noul Imperiu Babilonian, precum și în succesorul acestora, Imperiul Ahemenid. Dintre scrierile aflate în uz și astăzi, alfabetul ebraic este cel mai apropiat de scrierea aramaică imperială din secolul al V-lea î.Hr., având un inventar al literelor identic, dar și forme aproape identice ale literelor. Alfabetul aramaic a fost, de asemenea, un predecesor al alfabetului nabatean și, ulterior, al alfabetului arab.

Limbi scrise în alfabetul aramaic
Aramaica, o limbă semitică, a fost lingua franca în mare parte din Orientul Apropiat din secolul al VII-lea î.Hr. până în secolul al VII-lea d.Hr., când a fost înlocuită de arabă. Aramaica clasică sau imperială a fost principala limba vorbită în imperiile babilonian si persan ahemenid și s-a răspândit până în Grecia și Valea Indului. După ce Alexandru cel Mare a cucerit Imperiul Persan, aramaica a încetat să mai fie limba oficială a oricărui stat major, deși a continuat să fie vorbită la scară largă. În această perioadă, aramaica s-a divizat în dialectele vestice și estice.

Aramaica a fost dupa secolul al  VI-lea î.e.n. principala limbă a evreilor și apare și în unele manuscrise de la Marea Moartă. Ea este limba Talmudului babilonian și a celui Ierusalimic, a Cabalei și a unor rugăciuni și imnuri religioase iudaice însemnate. Este încă folosită ca limbă liturgică de către comunități creștine orientale din Siria, Liban și Irak și este vorbită de un număr mic de creștini din Irak, Turcia, Iran, Armenia, Georgia,  Siria.precum si de un numar mic de evrei originari din Kurdistan și care traiesc în Israel.

Astăzi, aramaica biblică, dialectele neo-aramaice evreiești și aramaica din Talmud sunt scrise în actualul alfabet ebraic, de fapt cel arameic pătrat, în timp ce alfabetul siriac este folosit pentru a scrie limba siriacă și dialectele neo-aramaice creștine, iar alfabetul mandaic este folosit pentru limba mandaică.

Litere

Note

Bibliografie
 Byrne, Ryan. "Middle Aramaic Scripts." Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier. (2006)
 Daniels, Peter T., et al. eds. The World's Writing Systems. Oxford. (1996)
 Coulmas, Florian. The Writing Systems of the World. Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford. (1989)
 Rudder, Joshua.  Learn to Write Aramaic: A Step-by-Step Approach to the Historical & Modern Scripts. n.p.: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011. 220 pp. . Includes a wide variety of Aramaic scripts.
 Ancient Hebrew and Aramaic on Coins, reading and transliterating Proto-Hebrew, online edition (Judaea Coin Archive).

Legături externe

 Comparison of Aramaic to related alphabets
 Omniglot entry

Limbi aramaice
Sisteme de scriere învechite

Alfabetul aramaic