Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.

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H

 Harmonic rock or harmonic rock and roll
 The condition of locomotives and cars swaying in opposite directions when traversing depressions on the roadbed. A potentially dangerous condition that can cause coupler damage, lading damage, or derailments at slower speeds.
 Head-End Power
 A scheme whereby the locomotive engine or a separate generator provides hotel power to carriages
 Headboard
 A sign attached to a locomotive to identify a named train or charter, or for other special occasions
 Headstock
 A transverse structural member located at the extreme end of a rail vehicle's underframe. The headstock supports the coupling at that end of the vehicle, and may also support buffers, in which case it may also be known as a "buffer beam".
 Heavy haul
 Heavy freight operations
 High rail
 The upper rail in a curve or superelevation, which typically experiences higher lateral loads and greater wear
 Hole
 A passing siding. Inferior trains "lay over in the hole" to let superior ones pass.
 Home signal
 See absolute signal.
 Horn blocks
 Plates lining the axlebox cut-outs in a locomotive frame to allow smooth vertical movement under control of the springs
 Hostling
 The action of shuttling a locomotive from the yard to the engine house or vice versa
 Hotbox
 An axle bearing that has become excessively hot due to friction
 Hotbox detector
 A device attached to the track that monitors passing trains for hot axles, and reports results via radio transmission (typical in the US) or a circuit to the signal box (typical in the UK). See defect detector.
 Hudson type
 A steam locomotive with a 4-6-4 wheel arrangement
 Hump
 A raised section in a rail sorting yard that allows operators to use gravity to move freight railcars into the proper position within the yard when making up trains of cars. This is faster and requires less effort than moving cars with a switching engine.
 Hunting
 Swaying motion of a railway vehicle or bogie caused by the coning action on which the directional stability of an adhesion railway depends. The truck or bogie wanders from side to side between the rails, "hunting" for the optimum location based on the forces at play.

I
 Independent brake or locomotive brake
 The braking system that applies or releases the brakes of a locomotive independently from its train
 Infill station or in-fill station
 A train station built on an existing passenger line to address demand in a location between existing stations
 Injector
 A device to force water into a steam locomotive's boiler by steam pressure
 Insulated rail joint (IRJ) or insulated block joint (IBJ)
 Rail joints incorporating insulation to isolate individual track circuits
 Interchange
 Any track or yard where rail cars are transferred from one carrier to another
 Interlocking
 An arrangement of switches and signals interconnected in a way that each movement follows the other in a proper and safe sequence
 Intermodal freight transport
 Moving goods by more than one type of vehicle, often achieved using shipping containers that are transferred among railroad flatcars, ships, airplanes, and tractor-trailer trucks
 Intermodal passenger transport
 Moving people by more than one type of vehicle
 Interoperability
 Ability of a transport network to operate trains and infrastructures to provide, accept and use services so exchanged without any substantial change in functionality or performance
 Island platform
 A railway platform that has tracks along the full lengths of both sides

J

 Jacobs Bogie
 A Bogie, or truck (American), shared between two pieces of rolling stock.  Cars joined with Jacobs bogies are semi-permanently joined in an articulated configuration.  A weight-saving feature used on lightweight passenger trains.
 Joint bar or rail joiner
 A metal plate that joins the ends of rails in jointed track
 Jointed track
 Track in which the rails are laid in lengths of around 20 m and bolted to each other end-to-end by means of fishplates or joint bars
 Journal bearing
 A bearing without rolling elements; a plain bearing
 Journal box
 The housing of a journal bearing. See also Axlebox above.
 Jubilee type
 A steam locomotive with a 4-4-4 wheel arrangement
 Junction
 A point at which two lines or separate routes diverge from each other

K
 Keeper
 A padlock or hook securing the lever of a hand-operated switch, thereby preventing the switch points from moving as rolling stock passes over them
 Kick
 To shove a car a short distance and uncouple it in motion, allowing it to roll free under gravity and/or its own inertia onto a track. Commonly practiced in bowl or hump yards to make up or break down trains or classify large numbers of cars in an expedient fashion. Differs from a flying switch in that the locomotive is pushing the car rather than pulling it when the cut is made.
 Kicker
 A freight car with a defect in its brake valve that causes the entire train's brake system to go into emergency when any application is made
 Kinematic envelope (KE)
 The outline of the space beside and above the track that must be kept clear of obstructions for the train to pass. This can be larger than the static clearance around an unmoving engine or car. See also: loading gauge and structure gauge
 Knuckle
 The articulating part of a coupler that locks automatically in its closed position to join rail cars; so named because its movement resembles that of the human finger

L
 Lead track
 A non-main track from which several others branch within a short distance, such as within a rail yard or engine terminal
 Level crossing (LC), railroad crossing, railway crossing, train crossing, or grade crossing
 A crossing on one level ("at-grade intersection")—without recourse to a bridge or tunnel—generally of a railway line by a road or path. Not to be confused with non-dead-end railways (see Rail crossing)
 Light engine
 A locomotive travelling on its own, or perhaps with just a caboose (brake van) attached
 Light rail
 A city-based rail system based on tram design standards that operates mostly in private rights-of-way separated from other traffic but sometimes, if necessary, mixed with other traffic in city streets. Light rail vehicles (LRVs) generally have a top speed of around  though mostly operating at much lower speeds, more akin to road vehicles. Light rail vehicles usually run on trackage that weighs less per foot (due to a smaller track profile) than the tracks used for main-line freight trains; thus they are "light rail" due to the smaller rails usually used.
 Link and pin
 An obsolete method of coupling rail cars, consisting of manually dropping the coupling pin into the drawbar as the cars joined. Extremely hazardous to the brakemen of its day, it was outlawed in the United States by the Railroad Safety Appliance Act of 1893.
 Local train
 A train that stops at most, if not all, stations along its route
 Lunar
 An off-white color of railway signal light, like the Moon, achieved by the use of a clear lens of very light blue, to make it distinct from a light that has a broken lens.

M
 Maglev
 A system of high speed train transportation that uses two sets of magnets: one set to repel and push the train up off the track, and another set to move the elevated train ahead, taking advantage of the lack of friction.
 Main generator
 The electric generator in a diesel-electric locomotive that is coupled directly to the prime mover and feeds electrical energy to the traction motors
 Main reservoir
 The compressed-air tank of a locomotive containing source air for the brakes and other pneumatic appliances
 Mallet
 A type of articulated locomotive designed by the Swiss mechanical engineer Anatole Mallet (pronounced "mallay"). See Compound engine.
 Manifest
 An express freight train carrying a variety of general merchandise
 Mars Light
 A nose-mounted mechanically oscillated light used to warn traffic of an approaching locomotive.  Functionally replaced by ditch lights on modern locomotives.
 Mechanical semaphore signal
 A signal in which the aspect is conveyed by moving an arm
 Meet
 In rail transport operations, a meet occurs when two trains arrive at a location and pass each other on parallel tracks, such as on a siding, usually in opposing directions. This is also sometimes referred to as a crossing of two trains.
 Mikado type
 A steam locomotive with a 2-8-2 wheel arrangement

In the U.S., milk trains ran from the countryside to cities making numerous stops at minor depots to pick up cans of fresh milk, making them a colloquial expression for a very slow train.
 In the U. K., an aggregator for transporting milk from farms to dairies, such as British Railways Milk Trains; as these trains invariably ran very early in the morning, "milk train" became a colloquialism for a particularly early train.
 Modalohr
 An inter-modal car
 Mogul type
 A steam locomotive with a 2-6-0 wheel arrangement
 Mothballed
 A track that is still serviceable but no trains are running on them.
 Mountain type
 A steam locomotive with a 4-8-2 wheel arrangement
 Mud ring
 The bottom of the water space surrounding a steam locomotive's firebox that collects solids precipitating from the water supply during the boiling process
 Multiple aspect signalling
 A system of colour-light signalling in which signals may show three or four aspects
 Multiple unit (MU)
 A self-propelled rail vehicle that can be joined with compatible others and controlled from a single driving station. The sub-classes of this type of vehicle; Diesel Multiple Unit (DMU), Diesel-Electric Multiple Unit (DEMU) and Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) are more common terms. These may also be termed railcars.
 Multiple-unit train control
The control of multiple locomotives or MUs from a single set of controls.

N

 Narrow gauge
 Railroad track where the rails are spaced less than  apart,
 Northern type
 A steam locomotive with a 4-8-4 wheel arrangement, also known in North America as "Pocono", "Niagara", "Confederation", "Greenbrier", and "Potomac"
  or run 8
 The eighth notch of a locomotive throttle control, indicating full power on the standard American diesel locomotive control scheme

O
 Open wagon (UIC)
 A form of freight hauling car for bulk goods
 Out to foul
 When equipment is placed ahead of the fouling point of a switch turnout

P

 Pacific type
 A steam locomotive with a 4-6-2 wheel arrangement
 Pannier tank
 A tank locomotive where the water tanks are mounted on the boiler in pannier-like fashion
 Pantograph
 An apparatus mounted on the roof of a rail vehicle to allow the collection of electric current from overhead lines
 Paperwork
 As a reason for delays, written instructions conveyed to a train's engineer in which the train must proceed slower than its normal speed. These instructions are either handed to the crew or recited and read back over radio.
 Pennsy
 Abbreviation for the former Pennsylvania Railroad
 Per diem (pronounced by some U.S. railroaders per die-um, not per dee-um)
 A fee paid by a rail company to the owner of a car (or wagon) for the time it spends on the company's property
 An authorized living expense payment for some workers forced away from their home terminal
 Permissive signal
 A block signal whose most restrictive indication is stop and proceed. A permissive signal is identified by the presence of a number plate affixed to the mast or supporting structure. Proceeding beyond a permissive signal at stop is allowed at restricted speed if operating conditions enable a train operator to stop before reaching any train or obstruction.
 Pilot
 A deflective shield affixed to the front of a locomotive to protect its wheels from on-track debris; archaically called a "cowcatcher" See also: Pilot (locomotive)
 An employee qualified on the operating rules and physical characteristics of a certain section of the railroad, assisting a crew member who is not so qualified See also: Railroad engineer
 Pilot engine
 The leading locomotive during a double-heading operation
 An unattached locomotive driven a specified distance in front of a special train
 Pilot man
 Where it is necessary to temporarily work a section of line as single track (for instance if the other track of a double-track line is out of use), a person (the pilot man) acts as the single track token.
 Piston
 The moving component in the cylinder of a steam engine or internal combustion engine that translates into motion the force exerted by pressurised steam or quickly-burning fuel
 Piston travel
 A specified distance that a brake piston may move from its cylinder to the brake rigging. If the travel exceeds or falls short of this distance, the equipment must be set out for repair.
 Platform screen doors
 Infrastructure used to separate the platform from train tracks.
 Pony truck
 A two-wheel truck or bogie at the front of a locomotive
 Porch
 The extended walkway at either end of a U.S. locomotive
 Porter
 An employee who performs or performed (the role has now largely become obsolete) various physical duties, chiefly but not exclusively involving lifting. Various types of porter include:
 A baggage porter assisting with luggage
 An operating porter assisting with safeworking duties
 A station porter assisting with general station duties
 A lad porter being a junior station porter
 Portion working
 The practice of coupling two or more passenger trains together over common sections of their respective routes, but otherwise operating the trains separately
 Position light signal
 A block signal in which the relative position of the lights determines the meaning
 Positive train control (PTC)
 An American system of functional requirements for monitoring and controlling train movements with the aim of increasing operational safety
 Possession
 In Britain, a period of time when one or more tracks are closed for maintenance. For the duration of the work, a person in charge of possession (PICOP) has control of the line. When work is complete the possession is relinquished and control of the line handed back to the signaller.
 Pound
 The weight (and thus the cross section) of a length of rail. A heavier rail can carry heavier loads with less distortion and less damage to the rails themselves and the roadbed.
 Power
 A locomotive or group of connected (MU'd) locomotives serving as the motive power for a train
 Power braking
 Pulling against the train brakes at the higher end of the locomotive's power output (e.g. notches five through eight on a conventional throttle). This is considered wasteful of fuel and brake shoes, and is therefore discouraged by most operating departments.
 Prairie type
 A steam locomotive with a 2-6-2 wheel arrangement
 Prime mover
 The internal combustion engine of a diesel locomotive
 Pull apart
 A rail broken from cold-related contraction
 Push pole
 A pole about  long and having a diameter of  and used in the United States between 1870 and the mid-1960s to push a freight car onto or off a siding or onto another track by being placed between a locomotive (on an adjacent track) and the freight car. The two ends of the poles were placed in receptacles called push pole pockets. The practice of using a push pole for switching was called "poling".
 Push–pull train
 A configuration for locomotive-hauled trains, allowing them to be driven from either end of the train, whether having a locomotive at each end or not. See also: Auto train. See Top and tail for train with locomotives at both front and back.

R
 Rack railway, rack-and-pinion railway, or cog railway
 A steep-grade railway with a toothed rack rail (usually between the running rails), used when adhesion is insufficient
 Railbus
 A passenger rail vehicle (typically non-articulated or rigid frame) that derived from bus propulsion and construction technology, but may evolve into larger dimensions, performance, and characteristics similar in appearance to a light DMU railcar
 Railcar
 A powered single unit or articulated passenger car, usually "railroad-derived" light DMU or EMU, with a driver's cab at one or both ends
 Rail crossing
 The opposite of a dead-end rail, i.e. a line connecting locations accessed by other railways, often associated with the overcoming of natural obstacles, such as mountain ranges. Not to be confused with a railway crossing a road (see Level crossing)
 Railfan
 A hobbyist or enthusiast of trains
 Rail grinder
 A machine used to remove irregularities in the surface of the rails that may be self-powered or part of a consist
 Rail profile
 The cross section shape of rail. There are many rail profiles, often specific to individual railroads. Rails must be periodically scanned electronically, the data inspected and analysed, then re-profiled with rail grinding machines to maintain the safe and proper rail profile. Rails that cannot be brought back to the proper rail profile are condemned and replaced.
 Rail squeal
 A screeching train-track friction sound, most commonly occurring on sharp curves or heavy braking
 Rail tractor
 A small petrol (gas) or diesel shunting (switcher) locomotive
 Railroad car
 Any railroad vehicle other than a locomotive
 Railroadiana
 Artifacts of railways around the world
 , railroad line, rail line, or train line
 A railway route connecting two or more places or other railway routes
 A railway route constructed by an organization, usually one formed for that purpose
 A railway route that has an official name (notably bestowed by engineers line references in the UK)
 A set of railway routes that are bundled for publicity purposes (e.g. a UK train operating company)
 Railway station
 A train station, a stopping point for trains, usually with passenger access
 Railway terminal
 A building for passengers at the end of a railway line
 Red
 A colour generally associated with stop, when shown by signals or flags
 Red zone
 The area between, under, or within a few feet of cars and locomotives. To enter the zone, a ground employee must obtain protection from the locomotive engineer (if a locomotive is coupled) or a blue signal (if no locomotive is coupled).
 Reefer
 A refrigerated railcar, used to transport perishable goods

 A siding used as a passing place on a main line, where slow trains may be held whilst an express passes—a simpler, but less convenient, form of the passing loop
 Reporting mark
 A two- to four-letter code, assigned by the Association of American Railroads, that is applied to equipment operating on North American railroads to identify the owner
 Rerail frog or rerailer

A metal casting incorporating a slot that allows the casting to fit over the rail near the wheel of a derailed car. The locomotive then pushes or pulls the car so that the derailed wheel runs up the rerailer and back on to the track.
 Retarder
 A device installed in a classification yard used to reduce the speed of freight cars as they are sorted into consists
 Reverser or reverser handle
 The handle that controls the directional control on a locomotive. See also Cut off.
 Ribbon rail
 Continuously welded rail
 Right-side failure
 A failure in a signalling or other safety critical system that leaves the system in a safe condition
 Roadrailer
 A highway trailer, or semi-trailer, that is specially equipped for direct use on a railroad
 Rolling stock
 In UK parlance, any railway vehicle that is not capable of moving under its own power
 In US parlance, any railroad car or locomotive
 Rookie
 See Trainee.
 Rotary
 Short for rotary snowplow, an extreme-duty railroad snowplow used mainly in the mountain ranges of the American West
  Roundhouse
 A circular or semi-circular structure used for storage and running maintenance of locomotives
 , punch box, or train-identification pushbuttons (New York City Subway)
 A box or panel adjacent to a rail line at an interlocking, with several buttons for train operators to select a desired route, which is then either communicated to a signal tower where an operator fulfills the request, or switched automatically
 Ruling gradient
 The longest or steepest grade on a division, thus setting the standard for track speeds, locomotive tonnage ratings, and train handling instructions
 Run
 The action verb for the train's movement.  The train runs across the track.
 Runaway
 A heavy train that has lost speed control while descending a steep grade, due to either brake failure or poor preparation by the crew
 Running track
 An other-than-main track, typically providing access to a yard or industry and governed by the requirements of restricted speed
 Run-round
 The practice of detaching a locomotive from its train, driving it to the other end of the train and re-attaching it, to allow the train to proceed in the direction it has just come from (e.g. when it reaches its destination and forms a service in the other direction).
 Run-through power
 Locomotives that remain attached to a manifest or unit train from their home rails over the tracks of a receiving railroad until the train reaches its final destination

S
 Saddle tank
 A tank locomotive with the water tank mounted on top of the boiler like a saddle
 Safe place
 An area within the network of an operator where evacuation of passengers can be performed, depending on current operational conditions, with a minimum of risk to the passengers (e.g. stations, refuges on the line)
 Safeworking
 In Australia, the system of rules and equipment designed to ensure the safe operation of trains
 Sandbox
 A container on locomotives and self-propelled multiple units, or trams, that run on tramways and adhesion railways. The container holds sand, which a crew can drop onto the rail to improve rail adhesion under wet, steep, or slippery rail conditions. The sandbox and operating mechanism are collectively known as sanding gear.
 Sandite
 Consists of a mixture of sand, aluminium, and a unique type of adhesive, used instead of plain sand for extreme slippery rail conditions
 Santa Fe type
 A steam locomotive with a 2-10-2 wheel arrangement, named for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway—the first railroad to use such a configuration
 Saturated locomotive
 A steam locomotive not equipped with a superheater; the steam thus remains at the same temperature as the water in the boiler
 Scale
 Solid debris distilled from boiling water in a steam locomotive. To prevent corrosion damage from scale build-up, the locomotive must undergo a boiler wash once each operating month.
 Schnabel car
 A specialized type of freight car for extra heavy and oversized loads where the car is loaded in such a way that the load forms part of the car superstructure
 Searchlight
 A signal with a single light source usually capable of displaying three different colors. An internal mechanism governs the color displayed.
 Section
 A portion of a train that may be operated independently or combined with other sections to operate as a single unit
 A portion of railway line designated for signalling or maintenance
 An interior portion of a sleeping car made up of two double seats during daytime that convert to two double berths during night-time
 Semaphore signal
 A type of signal that has a moving arm to change the indication
 Shay locomotive
 A type of geared steam locomotive built to the patents of Ephraim Shay
 Shunt
 In UK and Australian parlance, to make up and divide trains in sidings, to move trains to or from sidings, or to move trains between platforms in a station
 Shoofly
Temporary track used to avoid an obstacle that blocks movement on the normal track section
 Shuttle train
 A train, usually a passenger service, that runs back and forth, usually over a relatively short distance, such as between a junction station and a branch-line terminus.
 Side tank
 A tank locomotive with water tanks mounted each side of the boiler
 Siding
 A section of track off the main line. Sidings are often used for storing rolling stock or freight. A siding is also used as a form of rail access for warehouses and other businesses, where the siding often meets up with loading docks at rail car height. In the U.S. the term also covers the British term loop. Also, a passing track in the U.S.
 Signal
 A device that indicates the condition of the line ahead to the driver of a train
 Signal box
 A building or room that houses signal levers (usually in a frame), a control panel or a VDU-based control system
 Signal passed at danger
 The British term for the event in which a train passes a signal to stop without authorization to do so
 Signaller or signalman
 A person in charge of the signalling at a station or junction, often in a signal box
 Slippery rail
 The condition of fallen leaves or other debris lying on and clinging to a railroad track that could cause train wheel slippage, resulting in premature wheel wear and train delays
 Slow order
 A local speed restriction below the track's normal speed limit often designated by yellow and green flags. Slow orders can be imposed on a temporary basis to protect, for example, maintenance of way employees while sections of track are under repair. Widely used in areas where track is substandard and in need of repair.
 Slug
 A locomotive that contains traction motors yet lacks the diesel engine to create its own power, which is instead supplied by a connected mother locomotive
 Smokebox
 An enclosed (normally cylindrical) space attached to the end of the boiler opposite the firebox on a steam locomotive (normally the front). Supports the stack; steam pipes to and from the cylinders pass through here; contains the blastpipe where the exhaust steam is used to provide draft for the fire. In superheated locomotives, also contains the superheater header and (optionally) a front-end throttle.
 Snowplow, snow plow, snowplough, or snow plough
 A rail service vehicle used for snow removal from train tracks
 Snow shed
 A long shelter erected over a railroad track on the side of a mountain to protect the line from avalanches and drifting
 Span bolster
 The beam between two bogies
 Spike
 A bolt, pin, or nail used to hold rails, or plates connected to the rails (known as tie plates), to sleepers (ties)
 Spiral easement
 See Track transition curve. Also known as tangent lead-in.
 Spreader
 Maintenance of way equipment designed to spread or shape ballast profiles, remove snow, clean and dig ditches as well as trim embankments
 Spur line
 A very short branch line may be called a spur line.
 Self-propelled ultrasonic rail testing (SPURT) (India)
 A self-propelled rail-defect detector car
 Staff and ticket
 The Australian term for a method of safeworking involving a token
 Standard gauge
 A gauge where the rails are spaced  apart—by far the most common gauge worldwide
 Station master
 The person in charge of a station
 Steam generator
 A device generally used in passenger trains to create steam for heating. The steam generator is usually in the locomotive but may also be located in other cars.
 Steam reverser
 A reversing gear worked by a steam cylinder controlled from the cab
 Stop signal overrun
 The American term for the event in which a train passes a signal to stop without authorization to do so
 Subdivision
 In North America, the trackage area within a division covered by a single timetable
 Supercharger
 A mechanical device that boosts the pressure of engine intake air to above atmospheric level, causing an increase in power. Not to be confused with the blower used to scavenge the cylinders of a naturally aspirated two-stroke Diesel engine.
 Superelevation
 Areas on curves where the outside rail is elevated higher than the inside rail, creating a banked curve, generally allowing higher speeds and more comfort for passengers (on passenger trains).
 Superheater
 A device in a steam locomotive that raises the temperature of saturated steam substantially beyond the boiling point of water, increasing power and efficiency
 Survey
 To determine the position of constructed objects, including rail infrastructure, in relation to the earth's surface. This is accomplished by measuring angles and distances based on the principles of triangulation.
 Surveyor
 A person assigned to perform survey work
 Switchback or zig zag
 A method of climbing and descending steep gradients, where shallow-gradient track reverses direction for a while, and then reverses again to continue in the original direction
 Switchman
 A railroad worker responsible for assembling trains and switching railroad cars in a yard

T
 Tamping machine
 Generally, a locomotive used in track maintenance and equipped with track lifting facilities, and paddles that push ballast beneath a rail track to assure its level and cant
 Tank car
  A type of rolling stock designed to transport liquid and gaseous commodities
 Tank locomotive or Tank engine
 A steam locomotive that carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks rather than in a separate tender.
 Team track
 In North America, A spur or siding for loading freight, often used by firms not having their own direct rail access
 Tender
 A specialized rail car attached to a steam locomotive to carry its fuel and water supplies, sometimes along with tools and flagging equipment
 Terminal railroad (or terminal railway)
 A company in the United States that owns no cars of its own and transports only the railroad cars of other companies around a specific terminal station
 Texas type
 A steam locomotive with a 2-10-4 wheel arrangement
 Third rail
 An electrified rail that runs along the tracks, giving power to trains. Used mostly in subways and rapid transit systems.
 Through coach
 A passenger coach that is disconnected from one train and attached to another before continuing on with its journey, thus avoiding the need for passengers themselves to switch trains
 Through platform
 The standard platform and track arrangement at a station. The train pulls alongside the platform, arriving from one end of the station, and may pass out the other end of the station by continuing along the same track
 Tie plate
 A plate bolted to sleepers to hold the rails in place
 Trailer on flat car (TOFC)
 Intermodal freight transport
 Token
 A physical object given to a locomotive driver to authorize use of a particular stretch of single track
 Track bed or trackbed
 The foundation of rail tracks
 Track bulletin
 In North America, a form used by railroad employees that shows the locations of slow orders, maintenance of way work locations, and other conditions affecting the track and movement of trains
 Track circuit
 An electrical circuit that detects the presence of locomotives or cars (as their wheelsets electrically bond the rails) in a block of track, and provides real-time input to signaling logic
 Track transition curve
 The gradual application of superelevation and tighter curve radius, calculated with reference to the anticipated line speed and the final curve radius, on the approach to a bend. Also known as the transition spiral and spiral easement.
 Track Warrant Control
 Control of train movements by "track warrants" which are sets of instructions issued to a train crew authorizing specific train movements.
 Trackside objects
 See Wayobjects.
 Traction current pylon
 Traction motor
 A large electric motor that powers the driving wheels of an electric or diesel-electric locomotive
 Tractive effort
 The pulling or pushing force exerted by a locomotive or other vehicle
 Trailing
 A turnout where both legs merge in the direction of travel—the opposite of facing
 Train bell
 In North American practice, the warning bell on a locomotive or any autonomous railway vehicle
 Train coupler
 The mechanical interface that links vehicles so a driver can operate them together. The coupler can be a purely mechanical device such as a screw coupler or bar coupler. Alternatively the coupler can also incorporate electrical or pneumatic connections.
 Train horn
 The warning horn in a locomotive or in a control car
 Trainman
 In North America, an employee assigned to train service, such as a conductor, brakeman, or switchman
 Train inauguration
 The automated process of train bus configuration that includes detecting all bus nodes and their orientation, assigning the numbers to particular bus nodes and collecting their properties.
 Train operation and management
 In Europe, the procedures and related equipment enabling a coherent operation of the different structural subsystem, both during normal and degraded operation, including in particular train driving, traffic planning and management
 , terminal manager, or road manager
 In North America, an employee who supervises operations over a given territory
 Train order
 The process whereby signallers or dispatchers can change the order or timing of trains to maximise overall train service performance in real time
 Train set
 A toy train with its tracks, buildings, etc.
 Trainset
 A group of rolling stock that is permanently or semi-permanently coupled together to form a unified set of equipment. Trainsets are most often used in passenger train configurations.
 Tram
 A city-based rail system that typically shares its operational space with other vehicles and often runs on, across, or down the center of city streets
 Tram-train
 Trams that are designed to run both on the tracks of a city-based rail system and on the existing railway networks. Tram-trains' dual-voltage capability makes it possible to operate at lower speeds on city streets and at over  on main line tracks allowing travel in an extended geographical area without changing the method of transport.
 Treadle
 A mechanical or electrical device for detecting the presence of a rail vehicle with pin-point accuracy, unlike a track circuit, which provides detection over an arbitrary distances
 Turnout or points
 A switch
 Turntable
 A section of track that rotates to let locomotives and rolling stock turn around or access several engine maintenance sidings in a small area

U
 Unit train
 A train in which all cars (wagons) carry the same commodity and are shipped from the same origin to the same destination, without being split up or stored en route
 Underbridge
 In the parlance of rail transport in the United Kingdom, an 'underbridge' is a bridge that allows a roadway to cross  the course of a railway line, in contrast to an overbridge, or overpass, that crosses  the railway.

V
 Vactrain
 A proposed design for very-high-speed rail transportation.
 Vacuum brake
 A continuous train brake that is fail-safe in operation. It is powered by a vacuum from the locomotive but the application is actually by atmospheric pressure when the vacuum is released. Primarily used historically in Britain and in countries influenced by British practice. Now largely superseded by the air brake.
 Valve gear
 The linkage mechanism that operates the valve for a driving cylinder, to alternately admit steam to the cylinder and then exhaust it when the piston's stroke is nearly complete

W

Y

Z

See also

 Glossary of Australian railway terms
 Glossary of New Zealand railway terms
 Glossary of North American railway terms
 Glossary of United Kingdom railway terms
 Passenger rail terminology

References

Further reading
 Canadian National Railways: Linguistic Services. Freight Car Inspection & Maintenance: English-French Vocabulary = Surveillance et entretien des wagons: vocabulaire anglais-français. Montréal: Canadian National Railways, 1973. Without ISBN or SBN

External links

 British Railways compared to American Railroads

Locomotive classification systems
Rail transport
Rail technologies
Wikipedia glossaries using description lists

Glossary of rail transport terms


Isla Credit (en inglés: Credit Island) es una isla en el río Misisipí en el lado sur oeste de Davenport, estado de Iowa en la zona de «Quad Cities». Su nombre se deriva del uso de la isla como un puesto de comercio de los indígenas. El crédito podía ser obtenido con la promesa de cueros y pieles que se entregaban en un momento posterior. Fue inscrita en el Registro de Propiedades Históricas de Davenport el 3 de febrero de 1999.
Hoy en día, la isla es un parque de la comunidad de 420 acres (1,7 kilómetros cuadrados) bajo la jurisdicción de los Parques de Davenport. Cuenta con un campo de golf, béisbol, de rugby, fútbol, y los campos de softbol, pesca, refugios de pícnic, un sendero para bicicletas y es el escenario de muchos eventos públicos.

Véase también
 Geografía de América del Norte
 Anexo:Islas de los Estados Unidos

Referencias

Archipiélagos e islas de Iowa
Islas fluviales de Estados Unidos
Río Misisipi

Isla Credit


Boğaziçi, Çorum ilinin Alaca ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında Hışır olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 55 km, Alaca ilçe merkezine 5 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Alaca belde ve köyleri

Boğaziçi, Alaca


Christian Rubi (* 14. Februar 1897 in Grindelwald; † 17. Oktober 1985 in Interlaken) war ein Schweizer Bergführer, Skirennfahrer, Skilehrer und Politiker (SP).

Biografie
Rubi besuchte die Lehrerausbildung in Hofwil, war zunächst Primarlehrer in Fuhren in der Gemeinde Gadmen und von 1923 bis 1939 Primarlehrer in Wengen. Er absolvierte die Bergführer-Ausbildung, schloss sich dem Skiclub Wengen an und begann Ende der 1920er-Jahre, als bereits über 30-Jähriger, zusammen mit Ernst Gertsch, dem «Vater des Lauberhornrennens», mit intensivem Abfahrts- und Slalom-Training. 1929 war er Gründer und später Leiter der Skischule Wengen. Beim ersten Lauberhornrennen im Jahre 1930 gewann er vor den favorisierten Engländern die Abfahrt. Im Slalom wurde er Siebter und in der Kombination Vierter. Bei den FIS-Rennen 1931 in Mürren, später zu den ersten Alpinen Skiweltmeisterschaften erkoren, belegte er in der nicht zum offiziellen Meisterschaftsprogramm gehörenden «langen Abfahrt» den 13. Platz. Als Bergführer unternahm Rubi Erstbegehungen in den Berner und Walliser Alpen. 1936 gehörte er neben seinem Bruder Adolf Rubi, der ebenfalls Skisportler und Bergführer war, sowie Hans Schlunegger und Arnold Glatthard dem Rettungsteam der bei einem Erstbesteigungsversuch der Eiger-Nordwand verunglückten Bergsteiger Toni Kurz, Andreas Hinterstoißer, Willy Angerer und Edi Rainer an.

Der Sieg am Lauberhorn blieb Rubis grösster Erfolg als aktiver Skirennfahrer, in der Folge machte er sich als Skilehrer einen grossen Namen. Er war 1934 Mitbegründer des Schweizerischen Skischulverbandes (SSSV) und bis 1965, über zweieinhalb Jahrzehnte, dessen Technischer Leiter. Sein 1937 erschienenes Taschenbuch «Der leichte Skilauf» war lange Zeit das Standardlehrwerk für den Skilauf in der Schweiz.

Daneben war Rubi auch ein engagierter Politiker. Er gehörte der Sozialdemokratischen Partei der Schweiz an, war von 1933 bis 1940 Gemeinderat in Lauterbrunnen, von 1938 bis 1953 Mitglied im Grossen Rat des Kantons Bern und von 1954 bis 1958 Nationalrat. Zudem war er von 1947 bis 1965 Präsident der Eidgenössischen Kommission für Bergbahnen und von 1948 bis 1960 sowie von 1966 bis 1975 Präsident des Elektrizitätswerks Lauterbrunnen. Sein Sohn Fred Rubi wurde ebenfalls ein bekannter Skirennfahrer und Politiker.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Alpiner Skirennläufer (Schweiz)
Bergführer (Schweiz)
Nationalrat (Bern)
Grossrat (Bern)
Kommunalpolitiker (Kanton Bern)
SP-Mitglied (Schweiz)
Schweizer
Geboren 1897
Gestorben 1985
Mann
Teilnehmer einer Alpinen Skiweltmeisterschaft

Christian Rubi


Delridge est un district de West Seattle, dans la ville de Seattle, dans l'État de Washington aux États-Unis.

Il s'étend le long de Delridge Way, une artère qui suit le versant est de la vallée du , des environs de sa source jusqu'au West Seattle Bridge enjambant la Duwamish River.

Quartier de Seattle

Delridge


Vers les étoiles () est une série télévisée américaine de science-fiction en huit épisodes d'environ  créée et co-écrite par Holden Miller et Daniel C. Connolly pour Amazon Studios et Legendary Television, et mise en ligne le  sur Prime Video. La série a été tournée dans l'Illinois.
La série a été annulée par Prime Video après une seule saison faute d'audience suffisante et ce malgré un accueil favorable de la critique.

Synopsis
Un vieux couple, les York, cache un secret dans sa cave : une porte d'acier qui donne sur… une autre planète. Dans la pièce où ils admirent le paysage étrange, se trouve une autre porte, qu'ils n'osent ouvrir…

Distribution
 J. K. Simmons  : Franklin York
 Sissy Spacek  : Irene York
 Chai Hansen  : Jude
   : Byron
 Julieta Zylberberg  : Stella
 Rocío Hernández  : Toni
 Kiah McKirnan  : Denise
 Beth Lacke  : Chandra
 Stephen Louis Grush  : Nick
 Cass Buggé  : Jeanine
 Sonya Walger  : Hannah
 Sandra Marquez  :

 et DSD

Épisodes
 Vers les étoiles ()
  ()
 L'Auxiliaire de vie ()
 Whisly-bière ()
 Leçons de conduite ()
 Cher Franklin ()
 Plongée dans le lac ()
 Compensation ()

 Source des titres en français
 Source des titres originaux

Notes et références

Liens externes

Série télévisée créée en 2022
Série télévisée américaine des années 2020
Série télévisée de Prime Video
Série télévisée de science-fiction
Série télévisée en anglais

Vers les étoiles (série télévisée)


Helga Schmid est une diplomate allemande.  Depuis 2021, elle est secrétaire générale de l'Organisation pour la sécurité et la coopération en Europe (OSCE). Auparavant, elle a notamment été secrétaire générale du Service européen pour l'action extérieure (SEAE).

Biographie
Elle a d'abord rejoint la diplomatie en tant que secrétaire privée adjointe du vice-ministre allemand des Affaires étrangères, chargée des affaires européennes (1990-1991). Depuis lors, elle a occupé plusieurs postes diplomatiques importants au cours de sa carrière. Elle est conseillère politique du ministre des Affaires étrangères Klaus Kinkel et chef de cabinet du ministre des Affaires étrangères Joschka Fischer ; et juste avant sa nomination au poste de secrétaire générale de l'OSCE, elle est secrétaire générale du Service européen pour l'action extérieure. De 2011 à 2016, elle y est secrétaire générale adjointe. Avant cela, elle est directrice de l'unité de planification de la politique et d'alerte rapide (unité politique) du Haut représentant pour la PESC au secrétariat général du Conseil de l'Union européenne à Bruxelles.

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en décembre 1960
Naissance à Dachau
Diplomate allemand du XXe siècle
Diplomate allemand du XXIe siècle
Diplomate allemande
Secrétaire général de l'OSCE
Étudiant de l'université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich

Helga Schmid


FK Dinamo Moskva nogometni je klub iz Moskve, Rusija. Trenutno se natječe u Ruskoj Premijer ligi.

Povijest
Klub je osnovan 18. travnja 1923. godine. Igrao je značajnu ulogu u Sovjetskom Savezu. Prvak je bio jedanaest puta, dok je kup SSSR-a osvajao šest puta. U sezoni 1971/72. je igrao finale Kupa pobjednika kupova protiv Rangersa. Poražen je s 3:2.

Uspjesi

Domaći uspjesi
Prva liga SSSR:
 Prvak (11): 1936., 1937., 1940., 1945., 1949., 1954., 1955., 1957., 1959., 1963., 1976.

Ruska Premijer liga:
 Finalist (1): 1994.

Kup SSSR:
 Prvak (6): 1937., 1953., 1967., 1970., 1977., 1984.

Kup Rusije:
 Prvak (1): 1994./95.

Kup SSSR:
 Prvak (1): 1977.

Europski uspjesi
UEFA Kup pobjednika kupova:
 Finalist (1): 1971./72.

Vanjske poveznice

 Službena stranica

Dinamo
Nogomet u Moskvi

FK Dinamo Moskva


Krister Nordin, né le  à Stockholm en Suède, est un footballeur suédois qui évolue au poste de milieu central.

Biographie

En club
Né à Stockholm en Suède, Krister Nordin est formé par le Djurgårdens IF, où il fait ses débuts en professionnel en 1987, où il découvre l'Allsvenskan, l'élite du football suédois. Il remporte avec cette équipe un titre, la coupe de Suède, en 1989-1990.

En 1992, Nordin rejoint l'AIK Solna. Il joue son premier match de championnat le , lors d'une victoire face au Västra Frölunda IF (2-0 score final). Il s'y impose comme un joueur clé de l'équipe. Il remporte notamment le championnat de Suède à deux reprises en 1992 et 1998 et trois fois la coupe de Suède en 1995-1996, 1996-1997 et 1998-1999. Avec l'AIK il joue également la Ligue des champions, et marque notamment un but dans cette compétition, le  contre l'Arsenal FC. Son équipe s'incline toutefois ce jour-là par trois buts à un.

En , il signe en faveur du club danois du Brøndby IF. Sa première saison est difficile mais il s'impose ensuite, étant élu meilleur joueur du club lors de la suivante, où il est sacré Championnat du Danemark en 2001-2002. Joueur rugueux récoltant beaucoup de cartons jaunes, il n'en est pas moins un joueur clé de l'équipe sous les ordres du coach norvégien Åge Hareide.

En sélection
Krister Nordin joue deux matchs avec l'équipe de Suède espoirs en 1990.

Palmarès

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur suédois
Joueur du Djurgårdens IF
Joueur de l'AIK Solna
Joueur du Brøndby IF
Naissance en février 1968
Naissance à Stockholm

Krister Nordin


السقف الأخضر  سقف يُغطي سطح المبنى جزئيا أو كليا بالنباتات والتربة أو بمحاصيل. تزرع في غشاء لمنع تسرب المياه. قد يشمل ذلك أيضا طبقات اضافية كصرف المياه ونظام الري، السطوح التي يوجد عليها نباتات موجودة في أواني لا تعتبر عموما كسقف أخضر.أحد أقدم الأسقف الأمريكية في التاريخ هو الوجود في أعلى مركز روكفلر في مانهاتن، بُني في عام 1936.هذا السقف وضع كزينة دائمة ضمن مشروع يهدف إلى رفاهية عمال المركز، وبقي حتى يومنا هذا، رمم في عام 1986.

تاريخ
تصنع الأسقف الخضراء الحديثة من نظام طبقات مدورس بعناية ويوضع فوق السطوح لدعم نمو البيئة والحياة النباتية، وهي ظاهرة جديدة نسبياً.على أي حال، الأسقف الخضراء أو الأسقف العشبية موجودة في شمالي إسكندنافيا منذ عقود. بدأ التيار الحديث لهذه الأسقف عندما طُورت الأسقف الخضراء في ألمانيا ستينيات القرن الماضي، ومن ذلك الوقت انتشرت في بقية البلدان.قُدر بأن حوالي 10% من كل الأسقف في ألمانيا قد أصبحت خضراء.

حلول بيئية
يمثل السقف الأخضر حلولا ممتازة لتحسين البيئة، قادرة ليس فقط لخلق أماكن جديدة يمكن استخدامها بل وإعادة تأهيل المناطق الحضرية،
وأيضا الحد من احتياجات الطاقة للمباني، والتخفيف من آثار الملوثات وترويض العوامل المناخية (مثل تدفق المياه عاصفة والعواصف).

تعتبر الأسقف من مصادر زيادة الحرارة داخل المباني وذلك بسبب امتصاصها للحرارة ونقلها للداخل. نظرا لمسطحها الكبير نسبيا مقارنة بالواجهات في المباني متوسطة وقليلة الارتفاع ولتعرضها لأشعة الشمس شبه العمودية والمباشرة أثناء النهار. ولذلك يجب توفير الحماية من حرارة الإشعاع وخصوصا في الصيف.

وقد وجد أن إحدى الطرق التقليدية في الشرق الأوسط وهي تغطية السقف بطبقة من الطين تكون فعالة بدرجة كبيرة. فعند تغطية سقف خرساني سمكه 10 سنتيمتر بغطاء من طين سمكه 10 سم يمكن تقليل درجة الحرارة على السطح السفلي للسقف بمقدار 10 درجات مئوية، ويمكن زيادة هذا التأثير بزرع الطين بالعشب الأخضر الذي يعمل على تبريد الهواء فوق السقف وزيادة الرطوبة فوق سطح الخرسانة مما يعمل على زيادة عمرها بمنع التشقق الناتج عن التغييرات الكبيرة في درجات الحرارة. وهناك طرق عديدة لعزل الأسقف، ومنها
 بناء مظلات تعمل على تقليل كمية الحرارة الواصلة إلى السقف بنحو 70% ومن النوافذ بحوالي 30 %.
 تخزين القش أو التبن في أكياس على السقف، بحيث تعمل كعازل.
 زراعة الأسطح Roof garden للتقليل من استهلاك الطاقة حيث تقوم النباتات بعزل السقف، كما تعمل على تقليل التلوث (الكربون) بالهواء، كما وتسهم في تنقيته من الغبار، بالإضافة إلى أنها تمتص الضجيج وتوفر بيئة هادئة وتستفيد من مياه الأمطار في ري مكوناتها.

الكلفة المادية
يكلف تصميم وتركيب نظام سقف أخضر شامل $108–248/متر2 ($10–23/قدم2) بينما يكلف نظام سقف أخضر كثيف $355–2368/متر2 ($33–220/قدم2)،على أي حال، بما أن معظم المواد المستخدمة لصناعة السقف الأخضر يمكن تعويضها لذلك تقدر عادة كلفة استبدال سقف أخضر بثلث الكلفة الأولية للتركيب.

مراجع

أبنية مستدامة
أسقف
أنواع الحدائق
تصميم المناظر الطبيعية
تنسيق الحدائق المستدامة
زراعة حضرية
علم المياه والتخطيط المديني
عمارة مستدامة
ملحقات الحدائق
هندسة بيئية

سقف أخضر


WinRAR, Windows için Shareware dosya arşivleme ve veri sıkıştırma yazılımıdır. Eugene Roshal tarafından geliştirilen yazılım 1995 yılında piyasaya sürüldü ve dünyanın en popüler dosya sıkıştırma yazılımları arasındadır.

Geliştiriciler
Şimdiki geliştirici Eugene Roshal'ın arkasında Alexander Roshal, yazılımın geliştirilmesinde katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Özellikler
 Metin, ses, grafik, 32-bit ve 64-bit Intel uygulamaları için geliştirilmiş sıkıştırma algoritmaları.
 RAR (WinRAR temel sıkıştırma formatı) ve ZIP arşivlerini oluşturabilir. CAB, ARJ, LZH, ACE, 7-Zip, TAR, GZip, UUE, BZ2, JAR, ISO, Z arşivlerini açması.
 Varsayılan veya değiştirilebilir özelleştirilebilir SFX modüllerini kullanarak kendi açılan arşivlerin (çoklu cilt dâhil) oluşturulması.
 Katı arşivleme.
 Çok ciltli arşivlerin eksik parçalarını yeniden yapılandırmaya izin veren kurtarma ciltleri.
 Dosya adlarında Unicode ve NTFS desteği.
 İsteğe bağlı 128 bitlik AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) ile arşiv şifreleme.
 Çeşitli temalarla arayüzünü değiştirme olanağı.
 Aralarında Türkçenin de bulunduğu birçok dili destekleme özelliği.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 WinRAR Web Sitesi

1995 yazılımları
Veri sıkıştırma

WinRAR


Systemer til Medicinsk gasforsyning på hospitaler, og lignende sundhedsfaciliteter, anvendes til  at levere specialiserede gasser og gasblandinger til konkrete brugssteder i anlægget. Disse gasser er typisk ilt, lattergas, kvælstof, kuldioxid og medicinsk luft. Sådanne systemer overvåges ofte af CTS-alarmsystemer. Forskelligt medicinsk udstyr forbindes til forsyningssystemet på de kliniske afsnit, via gasudtag. Medicinske gasser sidestilles med andre lægemidler med hensyn til dokumentationskrav og krav til markedsføringstilladelser.

Ilt

 Ilt (O2, oxygen) kan anvendes til patienter med behov for supplerende ilt i indåndingsluften via en maske. Normalt forsynes iltsystemet af en størrre central beholder med flydende ilt, der fordampes inden det ledes ind i iltforsyningen. Dette kaldes en vakuumisoleret fordamper. Trykket er normalt omkring 345-380 kPa (50-55 PSI). I faciliteter med en lav patientkapacitet leveres ilt normalt direkte fra en eller flere højtrykscylindre. I områder hvor fordampningssystemer eller højtrykscylindre ikke er egnede, kan ilt udtages fra atmosfærisk luft ved hjælp af en iltkoncentrator, men produktion af ilt på denne måde er stadig en relativ ny teknologi.

Medicinsk luft

Medicinsk luft (atmosfærisk trykluft) leveres af en speciel luftkompressor, gennem en form for tørretumbler der opretholder det korrekte dugpunkt, og distribueres herfra til brugsstedet. I mindre anlæg kan medicinsk luft også leveres via højtryksflasker. Trykket opretholdes omkring 345-380 kPa (50-55 psi).

Dinitrogenoxid

Dinitrogenoxid (lattergas, N2O, kvælstofforilte) leveres til forskellige kirurgiske afsnit for sin bedøvende effekt under præ-operative procedurer. Den leveres til hospitalet i højtryksflasker. Systemtrykket er omkring 345 kPa (50 psi).

Kvælstof

Kvælstof (nitrogen, N₂) anvendes typisk til at drive pneumatisk kirurgiudstyr til brug under forskellige indgreb, og leveres i højtryksflasker. Trykket ligger omkring 1,2 MPa (175 psi).

Instrumentluft
Ligesom nitrogen anvendes instrumentluft til at drive kirurgisk udstyr. Det genereres på stedet af en luftkompressor (svarer til en medicinsk luftkompressor) snarere end højtrykflasker. Tidlige luftkompressorer kunne ikke tilbyde den renhed der kræves for at drive kirurgisk udstyr. Dette har ændret sig, og instrumentluft er blevet et udbredt alternativ til kvælstof. Som med kvælstof, er trykket omkring 1,2 MPa (175 psi).

Kuldioxid
Kuldioxid (CO2) bruges typisk til insufflation under operationen, og også ved laserkirurgi. Systemtrykket holdes ved ca. 345 kPa (50 psi). Det kan også anvendes til visse luftvejslidelser.

Medicinsk vakuum

Medicinsk vakuum på et hospital anvendes i sugeudstyr og til evakueringsprocedurer, det leveres af vakuumpumpesystemer som udsuger til atmosfæren. Vakuumet vil være forskelligt hen over rørledningen, men er generelt omkring -75 kPa (-22 Hg).

Udsugningssystemer (WAGD/AGSS)

Waste Anaesthetic Gas Disposal (WAGD), eller Anaesthetic Gas Scavenging System (AGSS) er udsugningssystemer til bortskaffelse af anden gas anvendt til behandling, såsom anæstesi, således at personale eller andre der ikke er under behandling ikke udsættes for gassen. Selv om funktuonen er stort set den samme som et medicinsk vakuumsystem, kræver nogle bygningsreglementer at anæstesigasser opsamles separat. Udsugningssystemer behøver ikke at være så kraftig som vakuumsystemer, hvis tryk kan holdes omkring -50 til -65 kPa (-15 til -19 inHg).

Gasudtag
Hver type gasudtag er farvekodet og er konstrueret så de søger at forhindre forveksling mellem gasserne.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9170:-1:ed-2:v1:en
 https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18082:ed-1:v1:en

Se også
 Pin Index Safety System

Medicinsk udstyr
Gasser

Medicinsk gasforsyning


Sarah Parker (born August 23, 1942) is an American judge who served as the chief justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court from February 2006 until August 2014.

Education and career
Born in Charlotte, North Carolina, Parker attended Meredith College, graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with an Education degree and served with the Peace Corps in Turkey from 1964 to 1966 before returning to Chapel Hill to earn a J.D. degree (1969). After working in private law practice for 15 years, Parker was named by Governor Jim Hunt to the North Carolina Court of Appeals in late 1984. Voters elected and re-elected her to that Court in 1986 and 1990.

Parker was elected by the people to the state's Supreme Court in November 1992. After she lost a bid for re-election to a full term in 1994, she was reappointed to another seat by Hunt. She was elected to a regular 8-year term on the court in 1996. In 2004, Parker was elected to another eight-year term on the court, defeating John M. Tyson in the statewide judicial elections.

Chief Justice
On January 19, 2006, Governor Mike Easley announced that he was appointing Parker Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, to replace the retiring I. Beverly Lake. Parker took the oath of office on February 6, becoming the third female Chief Justice of North Carolina's highest court, after Susie Sharp and Rhoda Billings.

At the time of her appointment, former justice Robert F. Orr, a Republican and executive director of the N.C. Institute for Constitutional Law, was quoted in the Charlotte Observer calling Parker "probably one of the more conservative justices that has been on the court in a good long while.... She's going to be reluctant to go out on a limb.... My sense is that you would find very few cases that were close to the line where she favored criminal defendants."
Parker calls herself a moderate conservative. "I tend to stick very closely to precedent and the intent of the legislature as expressed in the language of the statute," she said in that article.

Parker decided to run for a full term as chief justice in the November 2006 election. Although judicial races in North Carolina were non-partisan at the time, Parker was backed by the North Carolina Democratic Party.

On November 7, 2006, Parker was elected Chief Justice by a 2-to-1 margin over Judge Rusty Duke. She was inducted into the North Carolina Women's Hall of Fame in 2011.

Parker stepped down from the court on August 31, 2014, after she reached the state's mandatory retirement age for judges. Governor Pat McCrory appointed Mark Martin, the court's senior Associate Justice, to replace her through the 2014 election.

See also
List of female state supreme court justices

References

 "Notable Former Volunteers / Government". Peace Corps official site. Accessed January 5, 2007.

External links
Official Campaign Site
Official North Carolina Supreme Court biography of Justice Parker
North Carolina Supreme Court official page
News & Observer "Under the Dome" Profile

1942 births
Living people
North Carolina Court of Appeals judges
Chief Justices of the North Carolina Supreme Court
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Education alumni
Meredith College alumni
Women chief justices of state supreme courts in the United States
University of North Carolina School of Law alumni
20th-century American women judges
20th-century American judges
21st-century American women judges
21st-century American judges

Sarah Parker


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| logo =
| image =
| caption =  සුදු පැහති අයි පෑඩ් 2
| developer = Apple Inc.
| manufacturer = Foxconn
| slogan = "Thinner. Lighter. Faster. Facetime. Smart Covers. 10 hour battery."
| family = iPad
| type = Tablet computer
| model id = 2,2
| generation =
| releasedate =
{{Collapsible list
 |framestyle=border:none; padding:0;
 |title=March 11, 2011
 |1=United States
}}{{Collapsible list
 |framestyle=border:none; padding:0;
 |title=March 25, 2011
 |1=Australia
 |2=Austria
 |3=Belgium
 |4=Canada
 |5=Czech Republic
 |6=Denmark
 |7=Finland
 |8=France
 |10=Germany
 |11=Greece
 |12=Iceland
 |13=Italy
 |14=Ireland
 |15=Hungary
 |16=Luxembourg
 |17=Mexico
 |18=Netherlands
 |19=New Zealand
 |20=Norway
 |21=Poland
 |22=Portugal
 |23=Spain
 |24=Sweden
 |25=Switzerland
 |26=United Kingdom
}}{{Collapsible list
|framestyle=border:none; padding:0;
 |title=April 29, 2011
 |1=Japan
 |2=Hong Kong
 |3=India
 |4=Israel
 |5=
Macau
 |6=
Malaysia
 |7=
Philippines
 |8=
Singapore
 |10=
South Africa
 |11=
South Korea
 |12=
Turkey
 |13=
United Arab Emirates
}}
| lifespan =
| නවතා දැමු  = 32 GB, 64 GB (7 March 2012)
| unitssold =
| unitsshipped =
| media =
| os = Original OS: iOS 4.3Current OS: 6.1.3Released
| power = Internal rechargeable non-removable  lithium-ion polymer battery
| soc = Apple A5
| cpu = 1 GHz dual-core ARM Cortex-A9
| storage = 16 GB (32 GB and 64 GB discontinued) (Flash memory)
| memory = 512 MB DDR2 (1066 Mbit/s RAM)
| display =  4:3 aspect ratio at 132 ppi
Resolution: 1024×768 px (XGA) (1080p – video out via Apple Digital AV Adapter; support simultaneous charging)
| graphics = PowerVR SGX543MP267 MPolygon/s2 GPixel/s fill rate
| sound = Frequency response: 20 Hz to 20,000 HzAudio Formats: HE-AAC (V1 and V2), AAC (8 to 320 kbit/s), Protected AAC (from iTunes Store), MP3 (8 to 320 kbit/s), MP3 VBR, Audible (formats 2, 3 & 4, AEA, AAX, and AAX+), Apple Lossless, AIFF, and WAV; support 5.1 Dolby Digital Surround pass-through
| input = Multi-touch touch screen, headset controls, proximity and ambient light sensors, three-axis gyroscope, microphone, magnetometer, accelerometer, assisted GPS + cellular (3G model only), micro-SIM card tray (3G-GSM model only)
| controllers =
| camera = Front: Video recording, VGA up to 30 frame/s with audio, VGA-quality still camera, 0.3 MP.Back: Video recording, 1280x720 up to 30 frame/s with audio, 960×720 still camera with 5× digital zoom, 0.7 MP.
| touchpad =
| connectivity = Wi-Fi (802.11 a/b/g/n) Bluetooth 2.1 + EDRWi-Fi + 3G GSM model also includes: UMTS/HSDPA
| service = iTunes Store, App Store, iBookstore, Game Center, Photo Booth, iCloud
| dimensions =  (height) (width) (depth)
| weight = Wi-Fi model: Wi-Fi + 3G model (GSM): Wi-Fi + 3G model (CDMA):
| compatibility =
| predecessor = iPad (1st generation)
| successor = iPad (3rd generation)
| related = iPad, iPhone, iPod touch (Comparison)
| website = http://www.apple.com/ipad/
}}

අයි පාඩ් 2 යනු අයි පෑඩ් පවුලේ දෙවන විස්මිත නිර්මානය වන මෙය අමෙරිකා ඈපල් සමගමේ අනගි ඉපයුමකි.මෙම පරිගනකය ශබ්ද සහ රුපමය ක්රියාවලි සදහා නිමවා අති මෙය අන්තර්ජාල,සිනමාව,ඉගෙනිම,පොත්පත් කියවීම සදහා ඉතා ඉහල ක්රම වලින් සමන්විතයි.අයි පාඩ් 2 ව ඩුවෙල් ඈපල් ප්රොසෙසරයකින් සමන්විත වන අතර සදහාපෑය 10 ක ප්රදනයකින් යුක්තයි.ඉදිරිපස කැමරාව සදහා විශේෂ ව්ජීඑ එකකින් යුක්තවන අතර එමගින් මුහුනට මුහුන සංවාද පහසුකම් සපයා ඇත.

මෙම උපකරනය නොයෙක් ආකරයෙන් වෙළදපොලට පැමිනේ.16,32,64 GB වලින් සහ wifi පමනක්,wifi සමග දුරකතන පහසුකම සහිතව ලබාගත හැක.එනමුත් කලු සහ සුදු යන ඉදිරි පස රාමු වර්ග දෙකෙන්ම පැමිණියත් අයි පාඩ් 3 හිදි මෙම සියල්ලකගේ එකමුතුවක් ලෙස පැමීනීමට නියමිතයි.

2012 මාර්තු 2 දින වෙළදපලට නිකුත් වු මෙය වෙළද කටයුතු ආරම්භ කලේ 11 වන දින සිටයි.2012 මාර්තු 2 දින වෙළදපලට නිකුත් වු මෙය වෙළද කටයුතු ආරම්භ කලේ 11 වන දින සිට ඇමරිකා එක්සත් ජනපදයදීය.තවත් ශාන්තිකර,දකුනු ඇමෙරිකනු සහ යුරොපා රටවල් 25 කට මාර්තු 11 දිනත් අප්රිකානු රටවල් සහ යුරොපා රටවල් 11 කට මාර්තු 25 දිනත්,මැයි 6 දින දකුනු අප්රිකනු රටවලටත් සහ යුරොපා රටවල් 3 කටත් මැයි 27 දින ආසියානු රටවලටත් අයි පෑඩ් 2 නිකුත් කරනු ලැබුවා.මෙම උපකරනය වෙලඳපලට නිකුත් කල පලමු මසයේදි මිලියන 2.4-2.6 අතර පිරිවටුමක් ලබාගත් අතර 2011 අග වනවිට මිලියන 11.2 ක උපකරන විකිනී තිබින.

අතීතය

ඇපල් සමාගම සියලුම මධය ආයතන සදහා 2011 පෙබරවරි 11 දින අරාධනාපත් යවනලදි.2011 මාර්තු 11 දින ඇපල් සමගමේ ප්රධානියා වන ස්ටීව් ජොබ්ස් විසින් මෙම උපකරනය නිකුත් කරන ලද අතර තමාගේ ශාරීරික තත්වය මත තමා නිවාඩු ලබා ගන්නා බවත් ඔහු පැවසීය.ඉන්පසු අයි පෑඩ් 1 කටයුතු සියලුම ගනුදෙනු නතර කරන ලද අතර විකිනීම පවා තහනම් කරන ලදි.

මෙම උපකරනය විකිනීම සදහා මාර්තු 11 දින ප.ව 5 ට ඇමරිකානු ජනපදයේ ආයතන සදහා විවත වූ අතර අනෙක් රටවල් වල අන්තර්ජාලය හරහා මිලදී ගැනීමට ගිය ගනුදෙනු කරුවන්ට ප්‍රමාද දොෂ අති වන ලදී.

මාර්තු 25 දින රටවල් 25 කට මෙම උපකරනය හදුන්වාදුන් අතර එවා වනුයේ ඔස්ට්‍රේලියාව,ඔස්ට්යාව,බෙල්ජියම,කැනඩාව,චෙක් ජනපදය,ඩෙන්මර්කය,ෆින්ලන්තය,ප්‍රන්සය,ජර්මනිය,ග්‍රීසිය,අයිස් ලන්තය,ඉතාලිය,අයර්ලන්තය,හන්ගෙරියව,ලක්ස්මීබර්ග්,මෙක්සිකො,අයර්ලන්තය,නවසීලන්තය,නොර්වේ,පොලන්තය ,පෘතුගලාලය,ස්පානය,ස්ව්ඩනය,ස්විඩ්ස්ලන්තය,සහ මහා බ්‍රිතානය එ අතර වේ.

ජපානය සදහා නිකුත් කිරීමට මාර්තු 25 දින සුදානම් කෙරුනත් මාර්තු 11 දින සිදුවු සුනාමි ව්‍යසනය නිසා කල් දැමින.එමෙන්ම අයි පැඩ් නිශ්පාදනය පවා මෙ හේතුව නිසා ආඩල වන ලදි.එ කේසෙද යත් ටොෂිබා සමාගම නිපදවු පරිගනක මතක ජිපය අයි පෑඩ් 2 අනිවාර්ය දෙයක් වු බැවිනි.මෙහි ප්‍රතිපලය වුයේ ඇපල් සමගාමේ උපකරන සදහා අප්‍රල් මසය නිශ්පාදන උනතා මාසයක් බවට පත් වීමයි.

අයි පෑඩ් 2 අනතුරුව අනෙක් ආසියතික රටවල් වන දකුනු කොරියාව,සිංගප්පුරුව,මැලෙසියාව යන රටවල් සහ ජපානයටත් මෙම උපකරනය නිකුත් කල අතර එය සිදු වුයේ අප්‍රල් 25 දිනයි.මැයි 6,27 දිනවල අනෙක් ආසියතික  රටවල් සදහා ද  නිකුත් කරන ලදි.

ගුණාංග

මෘදුකාංගය
අයි පෑඩ් 2 ප්‍රථම නිකුතු වෙදී අයි ඔස් පරිගනක පද්ධතිය සමග පැමිනි අතර ෆෙස් ටයිම් මෘදුකාංගය ද එහි සමන්විත විය.එමෙන්ම අයි ෆොන් 5 සමහරක් මෘදුකාංගයද ඔක්තොන්බර් 12 2011 දින අයි පෑඩ් 2 සමග මුසු කරන ලදි.
එහිදී නව කොටස් වන 200 ක් මුසු කරන ලදි

අයි පෑඩ් 2 නොයෙකුත් අකාරයේ  මෘදුකාංගය වලින් පැමිනෙන අතර
ඉ මෙල්,වීඩ්යො,රූපරාමු සදහා නොයෙකුත් මෘදුකාංගය නොමිලේ සපයනු ලබයි.ඉමෙන්ම මෘදුකාංගය 65000 භාගත කල හැකි පරිදි සකස් කර ඇත.ඇප් ස්ටොර් හිදි නොයෙකුත් මෘදුකාංග ලබාගත හැකි නමුදු මෘදුකාංග වල මිල එකිනෙකට වෙනස් වේ.විඩියො ගෙම්ස් පහසුවෙන් ලබාගත හැකි වන පරිදි සකසා ඇති මෙම උපකරනය දුරකතන පහසුකම් ලබාදී නොමැත.එසේ උවත් wifi  තාක්ශනය හරහා දුරකතන පහසු කම් සදහා මෘදුකාංග ලබා දි ඇත.

2010 ඔක්තොම්බර් 19 එනම් අයි පොන් 5 නිකුතුවෙන් සතියකට පසු අයි ඔස් 6 සියලුම අයි උපකරන වලට ලබා දෙන ලදි.එය නව උපාංග වලින් සමන්විත අය නව කොටස් 200 කින් යුක්තයි.එහිදි ඇපල් මැප්ස් මෘදුකාංගය ලැබී තිබින.අයි පෑඩ් 2 හිදි නවතම වෙනස් කම් කිහිපයක් එහිදි සිදුවිය.

දෘඪාංග

අයි පෑඩ් 2 දෘඪාංග ගත් කල 512ම්බ් රැම් එකකින් විශේෂිත පවර් එකකින් ඉදිරිපස සහ පිටුපස කැමරාවකින් හෙඩ් සෙට් කොන්ට්‍රල් එකකින් විශෙෂිත ලයිට් සෙන්සරයකින් ශබ්ද වාහිනිය, චුම්භකමානයකින් ත්වරනමනයකින් 9.7 ටච් රෑපරාමුවකින් සමන්විත් ව ඇත.

අයි පෑඩ් 2 පැය 10ක් බලය ඇති 25 වට් බැටරියකින් සමන්විත වන අතර යුස්බ් මාර්ගයෙන් චාර්ච් කල යුතුය.එමෙන්ම බැටරිය 2.5 මිමි පලල වේ.එය සමාන්‍ය එකකට වඩා 59% කින් කුඩා වේ.

ටයිම් ලයින්

තව බලන්න

 iPad accessories
 E-book reader
 Comparison of tablet computers

References

External links
 iPad subsite at Apple

අයි පෑඩ් 2


Stefan Mitrović (em sérvio: Стефан Митровић; Kruševac, 15 de agosto de 2002) é um futebolista sérvio que atua como ponta, meia e ala. Atualmente, joga pelo Estrela Vermelha.

Carreira

Início
Nascido em Kruševac, no estado da República Federal da Jugoslávia na época (atual Sérvia), Mitrović mudou-se para a cidade de Hamilton no Canadá, quando tinha apenas seis meses de idade.

Atuou pelas categorias de base de cinco times de Ontario: Hamilton Serbians, Givova Academy, Hamilton United, Empire Niagara Academy eToronto FC.

Hamilton City
Antes de ingressar no Hamilton City, fez testes para tentar entrar em times da Canadian Premier League, mas não foi aprovado em nenhum club. Em 2018, foi aprovado e entrou no Hamilton City da Canadian Soccer League (Liga semiprofissional Canadense) sobre o comando do técnico sérvio Saša Vuković.

Radnički Niš
Sua estreia como jogador profissional deu-se em 23 de novembro de 2019 pelo Radnički Niš, entrando aos 88 minutos no lugar de Nikola Čumić na derrota por 2–0 para o Estrela Vermelha. Mitrović iniciou como titular pela primeira em 30 de maio de 2020, num empate de 1–1 com o Napredak Kruševac, e marcou seu primeiro gol pelo clube em 8 de junho na vitória por 4–3 sobre o Radnik Surdulica. Em 11 de março de 2022, foi anunciada a extensão de seu contrato por mais dois anos.

Estrela Vermelha
Em 18 de julho de 2022, Mitrović foi anunciado como novo reforço do Red Star Belgrade pelo valor de 500,000 euros da cláusula contratual de seu acordo com o Radnički Niš. Suas boas atuações atuando como ala na temporada chamaram a atenção do Barcelona.

Estilo de jogo
Apsear de ser destro, Mitrović atua pelo lado esquerdo como ponta e ala, podendo também atuar meia. Suas virtudes destacadas são seu um contra um contra, boa finalização, bom cruzamento e bom uso do pé esquerdo.

Seleção Sérvia

Sub-20 e Sub-21
Elegível para defender tanto o Canadá como a Sérvia, em junho de 2020 foi contatado pela Federação Canadense para representar o Sub-20 do país, enquanto aguadava os trâmites para adquirir seu passaporte sérvio.

Em agosto de 2021, Mitrović foi convocado ao Sub-20 numa partida amistosa contra a Itália. Em novembro de 2021, Mitrović aceitou uma convite ao Sub-21 em 16 de novembro para a partida contra a Ucrânia, tendo feito um gol na derrota derrota 2–1. Em dezembro de 2021, Mitrović chegou a aceitar um convite para treinar com a Seleção Canadense principal no início de 2022, porém os treinos foram cancelados por causa das precauções com a COVID-19.

Principal
Mitrović foi convocado para a Seleção Principal da Sérvia e estreou em 24 de setembro de 2022, na vitória por 4–1 sobre a Suécia em jogo da Liga das Nações da UEFA.

Títulos

Estrela Vermelha

 Campeonato Sérvio: 2022–23
 Copa da Sérvia: 2022–23

Ligações externas

Naturais de Kruševac
Futebolistas da Sérvia e Montenegro
Futebolistas da Sérvia
Futebolistas do Radnički Niš
Futebolistas do Estrela Vermelha de Belgrado
Jogadores da Seleção Sérvia de Futebol
Pessoas com dupla nacionalidade

Stefan Mitrović (futebolista)


Adolfo Giuntoli (né le  à Turin et mort le  à Rapallo) est un footballeur italien qui évoluait au poste de milieu de terrain.

Biographie

Carrière en club

Adolfo Giuntoli est joueur du Torino FC, de Vigevanesi et de l'US Alexandrie durant sa carrière.

Il dispute au total 35 matchs en première division italienne pour aucun but marqué.

Carrière en sélection
Il fait partie de l'équipe nationale italienne médaillée d'or aux Jeux olympiques de 1936. Il ne dispute aucun match durant le tournoi.

Palmarès

En sélection
 Italie
 Jeux olympiques (1) :
  Or : 1936.

Références

Liens externes

Footballeur italien
Champion olympique de football
Champion olympique italien
Joueur du Torino FC
Joueur du Vigevano Calcio
Joueur de l'Alessandria Calcio
Naissance à Turin
Naissance en mai 1913
Décès en juin 1981
Décès à 68 ans
Décès à Rapallo

Adolfo Giuntoli


7324 Carret este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
7324 Carret este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Harvard College Observatory. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,42 ua, o excentricitate de 0,23 și o înclinație de 10,1° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 7001-8000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1981
Centura de asteroizi

7324 Carret


The Latin Brothers est un orchestre de salsa colombien. Il a été fondé par Julio Ernesto Estrada "Fruko" en 1974 en tant que "projet parallèle" de Fruko y sus Tesos.

Actuellement, le groupe est dirigé par Julio Estrada López "Fruko Jr".

Origines

L'arrivée triomphale dans l'orchestre de Fruko y sus Tesos de Joe Arroyo et Wilson Manyoma (Wilson Saoko), qui se sont imposés en tant que chanteurs solistes au sein du groupe, a conduit au départ de , à la suite de quoi Fruko et les frères Fuentes, propriétaires du label Discos Fuentes,  ont pris la décision de créer un nouvel orchestre où 'Piper Pimienta' serait le chanteur leader, et ils lui ont donné le nom de The Latin Brothers.

En 1974 paraît le premier album de l'orchestre The Latin Brothers, avec la voix principale de celui qui a imposé les premiers succès de l'orchestre, Píper Pimienta Díaz.

Actuellement, The Latin Brothers est dirigé par le Julio Estrada López 'Fruko Jr.' fils de Julio Ernesto Estrada 'Fruko', membre, arrangeur et producteur d'orchestres renommés tels que Sonora Carruseles, La Sonora Dinamita, Banda la Bocana, Fruko y sus Tesos, entre autres.

Parmi les musiciens qui ont fait partie des deux orchestres se trouve Fruko lui-même, qui a participé à des enregistrements de Fruko y sus Tesos, The Latin Brothers, La Sonora Dinamita, Los Tupamaros, Gabriel Romero, Los Líderes, Los Bestiales, KV33, Bocana, Afrosound, entre autres; Il continue également à collaborer en tant que producteur et instrumentiste dans diverses productions musicales.

Le Cubain Alfredo de La Fé nominé pour deux Grammy Awards en 1980 et violoniste de l'année de 1977 à 1981 aux Latin New York Awards, est un autre des musiciens célèbres qui ont travaillé avec The Latin Brothers, ainsi que les chanteurs Will Pertuz et Yorthley Rivas, qui ont également enregistré pour Cariaco, Piper Pimienta qui a interprété son célèbre hit "Las caleñas son como las Flores" et Joseíto Martínez qui avec la chanson "Sobre las olas" a réalisé un hit d'importance internationale pour The Latin Brothers, entre autres.

Aujourd'hui, The Latin Brothers est fier d'avoir été la plate-forme idéale pour propulser divers chanteurs et instrumentistes vers la célébrité; L'un de ces musiciens est Gustavo García "Pantera", un tromboniste qui faisait partie de la formation originale de Fruko y sus Tesos et Latin Brothers .

Chanteurs
Ont notamment chanté avec The Latin Brothers :

Discographie

Liens externes

Groupe colombien de salsa

The Latin Brothers


Sweeply sem hét áður Spectaflow er fyrirtæki sem þróar hugbúnaðarlausnir fyrir hótel- og gistimarkaðinn.

Sagan
Stofnendur Sweeply eru Pétur Orri Sæmundsen, Erlendur Steinn Guðnason og Frans Veigar Garðarsson.

Árið 2022 fékk Sweeply 260 milljóna fjármögnun frá Frumtaki og Nýsköpunarsjóði atvinnulífsins.

Sweeply er í notkun á yfir 100 hótelum og gististöðum í sex löndum. Nú þegar hafa náðst samningar við tvö íslensk og fimm erlend hótelbókunarkerfi sem munu dreifa lausninni.

Árið 2023 fékk Sweeply Íslensku vefverðlaunin í flokknum fyrirtækjavefur ársins – lítil fyrirtæki.

Tilvísanir

Ytri hlekkir
 Sweeply

Sweeply


Yasmine Amhis est une physicienne franco-algérienne, née en 1982 à Alger.

Biographie
Yasmine Sara Amhis est née à Alger (Algérie) en 1982. Elle est la petite-fille de la poétesse et femme de lettres algérienne Djoher Amhis-Ouksel.

Études
Après avoir  passé son baccalauréat en Algérie, Yasmine Amhis poursuit dès 1999 des études universitaires en France. À la suite de l'obtention de son mastère 2 à l'Université Paris-Sud à Orsay, Yasmine Amhis obtient en 2006 une bourse de thèse qui lui permet de travailler sur l'expérience LHCb dans le laboratoire  IJCLab Orsay sous la direction de Marie-Hélène Schune et Jacques Lefrançois. Elle passe son habilitation à diriger les recherches en 2020 sur les études de baryons beaux dans LHCb.

Carrière scientifique
Son doctorat achevé, elle s'expatrie en Suisse avec un contrat postdoctoral de trois ans à l'École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne. En 2012, Yasmine Amhis réussit le concours d'entrée du CNRS et est affectée dans le laboratoire où elle a effectué sa  thèse. Son parcours universitaire remarqué est édité par Campus France, France Alumni, en 2017. En avril 2022, elle est élue  au poste de  coordinatrice de la physique de l'expérience LHCb du CERN.

Travaux
Yasmine Amhis a consacré l'entièreté de sa recherche aux thématiques liées aux baryons beaux dans l'expérience LHCb, illustré par des articles de revue rédigés en 2017 et en 2022. Ces travaux sont couronnés en 2016 par le prix Jacques-Herbrand décerné par l'Académie des sciences. Reconnue pour son engagement et son expertise dans l'expérience LHCb, elle est élue en avril 2022 à un poste clé et stratégique : coordinatrice de la physique d'une collaboration de plus de 1000 scientifiques. Elle participe aussi aux travaux de la collaboration HFLAV.

Engagements

Développement des sciences en Afrique
Yasmine Amhis, originaire d'Algérie et attachée au développement des sciences dans son pays et son continent d'origine, s'engage dans le projet de « Stratégie africaine pour la physique fondamentale et appliquée » (ASFAP) fondé en 2020 par, entre autres, Fairouz Malek et   . Elle a coordonné le groupe chargé de la stratégie en physique des particules et astroparticules jusqu'en 2022.

Mediation scientifique et artistique
Yasmine Amhis a du goût et du talent pour transmettre les sciences au public. Violoncelliste, élève au Conservatoire à rayonnement départemental (CRD) de Paris-Saclay, dans la classe de Thalie Michalakakos, elle propose de faire se rencontrer la physique des particules et la musique. Autour d'extraits d'œuvres musicales et de vidéos en 3D, Yasmine Amhis s'associe avec le quatuor DoniSSi (en résidence au CRD Paris-Saclay) pour mettre en valeur le contexte orcéen si spécifique de la recherche scientifique avec le concept du temps chez les musiciens et les compositeurs. Elle participe aussi à  organisée par la société française de physique et à des articles de vulgarisation scientifique dans des magazines de science.

Publications scientifiques
Yasmine Amhis est l'autrice ou la co-autrice de plus de 600 articles, dont la plupart dans le cadre de l'expérience LHCb. Parmi l'ensemble de ces articles, 14 ont été cités plus de 500 fois.

Distinctions
Ses travaux sont couronnés en 2016 par le prix Jacques-Herbrand décerné par l'Académie des sciences.

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles liés

 Physique des particules
 LHCb

Liens externes

Physicienne française
Physicienne algérienne
Physicien des particules
Lauréat de prix scientifique
Étudiant de l'université Paris-Sud
Naissance en 1982
Naissance à Alger

Yasmine Amhis


Glulx is a 32-bit portable virtual machine intended for writing and playing interactive fiction. It was designed by Andrew Plotkin to relieve some of the restrictions in the venerable Z-machine format. For example, the Z-machine provides native support for 16-bit integers, while Glulx natively supports 32-bit integers.

Versions and popularity
The Inform compiler, starting with version 6.30, can produce either Z-machine or Glulx story files. A Spanish interactive fiction development system called Superglús also uses Glulx.

Glulx continues to trail the Z-machine in popularity despite being a virtual machine more suited for contemporary computing hardware and as accessible to developers. This is partly because interpreters are more scarce than on the Z-machine. The most popular interpreter for Glulx is Andrew Plotkin's Glulxe. Glulxe uses the Glk API for input and output.

File and email extensions
The MIME type for Glulx is "application/x-glulx".
Glulx files have the file extension .ulx, but they are commonly archived in Blorb packages. For Blorb packages containing a Glulx work, accepted file extensions are .gblorb, .glb, .blorb and .blb. The former two extensions are intended to make it easy for interpreters to figure out which type of game is inside the Blorb file.

References

External links
 The Glulx specification
 Glulx games at "Baf's Guide"
 Interpreters that can run Glulx games

Text adventure game engines
Virtual machines

Glulx


Sleeping Giant or The Sleeping Giant may refer to:

Geology
 Elk Mountain (Routt County, Colorado), known locally as The Sleeping Giant), a mountain near Steamboat Springs, Colorado, USA
 Sleeping Giant (Connecticut), a traprock mountain ridge in Hamden, Connecticut, USA
 Sleeping Giant (Kauai), a mountain ridge on the island of Kauai near Kapaa, Hawaii, USA
 Sleeping Giant mountain and ridge in Montana in the USA, part of  Sleeping Giant Wilderness Study Area
 Sleeping Giant (Ontario), a formation of mesas on Sibley Peninsula, Ontario, Canada
 The Sleeping Giant (Abercraf), local name for hill called Cribarth, Powys, Wales
 The Sleeping Giant, a hill near the village of Kinloch Rannoch in Perth and Kinross, Scotland
 The Sleeping Giant, a rock formation in the Nausori Highlands, Fiji

Titled works
 Sleeping Giant (film) (2015), a Canadian film
 The Sleeping Giant (album), by rapper Sunny Boy
 "The Sleeping Giant", an episode of the animated television series The Care Bears
 "Sleeping Giant", a song by Mastodon from the album Blood Mountain
 "Sleeping Giant", a song by Flobots from the album Noenemies
 "Sleeping Giant", a song by Dream Theater from the album A View from the Top of the World
 Sleeping Giant, a mixtape by Tajai
 Sleeping Giants, the debut novel of Sylvain Neuvel about the discovery and development of alien artifacts and technology on Earth
 Sleeping Giants, an album by the American hard rock band Heaven Below
 Sleeping Giants, an album by the American musician David Ellefson
 "Sleeping Giant," a 1948 children's story about the Connecticut mountain, by Eleanor Estes

Other uses
 Sleeping Giant (band), American Christian metal band
 Isoroku Yamamoto's sleeping giant quote regarding the attack on Pearl Harbor
 Sleeping Giants, an internet activism initiative

Sleeping Giant


මහව දුම්රිය මංසන්ධිය මහව නගරයේ ඇති දුම්රිය ස්ථානයයි. මෙය ශ්‍රී ලංකා දුම්රිය දෙපාර්තුමේන්තුව යටතේ ක්‍රියාත්මක වෙ.මෙය උතුරු මාර්ගයේ දුම්රිය පොලක් වන අතර මදකලු මාර්ගයටද සම්බන්දවේ.

 කොළඹ කොටුව සිට කිලෝ මීටර් 136.68 (සැතපුම් 84.93) ක්, පොල්ගහවෙල සිට කිලෝමීටර් 65 ක් (40 සැතපුම්) සහ මුහුදු මට්ටමේ සිට අඩි 92.07 (අඩි 302.1) කින් පිහිටා ඇත1903 දී උතුරු දුම්රිය මාර්ගය කුරුණෑගල සිට අනුරාධපුර දක්වා දීර්ඝ කරන ලදී. මඩකලපුව දුම්රිය මාර්ගය නිම කිරීමෙන් පසු 1926 දී එම ස්ථානය මාරු මධ්යස්ථානයක් බවට පත් විය.

අඛණ්ඩතාව

References

ශ්‍රී ලංකාව
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දුම්රිය ගමනාගමනය

මහව දුම්රිය මංසන්ධිය


An Telipogon pulcher in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Telipogon pulcher in nahilalakip ha genus nga Telipogon, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Telipogon

Telipogon pulcher


Itália participou dos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022, realizados em Pequim, na China.

Foi a 24.ª aparição do país em Olimpíadas de Inverno, ou seja, em todas as edições dos Jogos de Inverno. Foi representado por 119 atletas, sendo 72 homens e 47 mulheres.

Competidores

Medalhas
Estes foram os medalhistas desta edição:

Desempenho

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Ligações externas

Italia
2022
Desporto na Itália em 2022

Itália nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022


Salam Fayyad (în arabă: سلام فياض, născut la 2 aprilie 1951 la Deir al-Ghusun, Cisiordania, pe atunci în Iordania) este un economist și politician arab palestinian, care a îndeplinit funcția de prim ministru al Autorității Naționale Palestiniene în iunie 2007 - iunie 2013. Între ianuarie 2013 - iunie 2013 a fost prim ministru al Statului Palestina, proclamat unilateral fără a se negocia un acord definitiv cu țara vecină, Israelul. Fayyad a fost și ministrul de finanțe al Autorității Palestiniene în anii 2002-2005 și 2007-2012. Fayad posedă și diploma de inginer constructor.

Între 2002-2005 Dr.ing.Fayyad a fost numit ministru de finanțe în timpul președinției lui Yasser Arafat, în guvernele prezidate de Yasser Arafat, Mahmud Abbas și Ahmed Kurey.
Fayyad a demisionat din guvern în noiembrie 2005 pentru a conduce lista noului partid "A Treia Cale" (alături de Hanan Ashrawi și Yasser Abed Rabbo) în alegerile legislative din 2006. Partidul său nu a avut succes in alegeri, câștigând doar 2.41% din voturi și trimițând în parlament numai doi deputați: Ashrawi și Fayyad însuși. La 17 martie 2007 Fayyad a revenit în guvern ca ministru de finanțe in guvernul de uniune format de organizațiile Fatah și Hamas
La 15 iunie 2007 când Hamas a preluat unilateral controlul asupra Fâșiei Gaza, presedintele Mahmud Abbas l-a demis pe liderul Hamasului, Ismail Haniye din funcția de prim-ministru și l-a numit în loc pe Fayyad ca șef al guvernului de urgență națională. Noul guvern palestinian a fost un cabinet de tehnocrați, necuprinzând membri ai Fatah și ai Hamasului.Numirea lui Fayyad nu a fost confirmată de Consiliul Legislativ Palestinian.

În iunie 2013 Fayyad a fost demis de Abbas și înlocuit la 2 iunie 2013 cu Rami Hamdallah.

Salam Fayyad s-a născut în anul 1952 în satul Dair al-Ghassun lângă Tulkarm, în Cisiordania, pe atunci anexată Regatului Iordaniei.
În anul 1975 Fayyad a terminat studii de  inginer constructor la Universitatea Americană din Beirut.
Apoi în anul 1980 el a terminat titlul de master în științe economice la Universitatea Saint Edward din Austin, Texas, apoi în 1986 doctoratul în științe economice la Universitatea Texas din Austin, unde a fost elevul lui Edward A.Barnett. Mai apoi a lucrat la Banca de rezerve de la Saint Louis și a predat ca conferențiar la Universitatea Yarmuk din Iordania
În anul 1987-1995 a fost angajat la Banca Mondială la Washington D.C. Între anii 1995-2001 a lucrat la Ierusalim ca reprezentant rezident al Fondului Monetar Internațional în Teritoriile Palestiniene și a supravegheat reformele financiare din Autoritatea Națională Palestiniană. În anul 2001-2002 a fost director regional al filialei Băncii Arabe în Cisiordania.

În anul 2002 ca tehnocrat a fost numit ministru de finanțe al A.N.P. Sub conducerea  sa au fost inițiate în teritoriile administrate de Autoritatea Națională Palestiniană reforme financiare profunde și s-au luat măsuri contra corupției, ceea ce i-a procurat lui Fayyad o recunoaștere internațională.

Salam Fayyad este căsătorit cu Kalut și are trei fii. El locuiește în Ierusalimul de est și posedă și cetățenia americană.

Legături externe

Planul Fayyad: o Palestină democratică și capitalistă pe saitul Ynet din Israel, reportaj de Ali Waked, 25/8/2009 (în ebraică)
, în Haaretz reportaj de Barak Ravid 27.03.2007 Salam Fayyad - everyone's favorite palestinian
Salam Fayyad Palestinian Prime Minister resigns, reportaj din NY Times 13 aprilie 2013 de Isabel Kurshner și Jodi Rudoren

Politicieni palestinieni
Economiști
Prim-miniștri ai Palestinei

Salam Fayyad


John Owen (8 April 1827 – 24 November 1901) was an English vicar and amateur chess master. He ranked among the world's top ten chess players for certain periods of the 1860s. He was a major figure in English chess from the mid 1850s to the 1890s.

Biography
Owen was born in Marchington, and obtained his early schooling at Repton School, Derbyshire. In 1850 he graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, and received his M.A. from Cambridge three years later. He was ordained by the Church of England in 1851, and served as Vicar of Hooton, Cheshire from 1862 to his retirement in 1900.

In 1858 he won a chess game against the young American master Paul Morphy, the world's best player, who was then touring Europe. This led to a match between the two. Despite being given odds of pawn and the move (meaning he started the game with an extra pawn and always moved first), Owen lost the match 6–1, never winning a game.

His performance in the very strong 1862 London tournament, the first international round-robin event (in which each participant plays every other) was more impressive. He finished third, ahead of future world champion Wilhelm Steinitz, and was the only player to win against the eventual tournament winner, Adolf Anderssen. Louis Paulsen placed second. This result was arguably Owen's top lifetime chess achievement.

Owen continued to play frequently and often successfully in British tournaments into the 1890s, and performed strongly in several matches against top British players, who were essentially chess professionals. He never competed outside the British Isles. He died in Twickenham.

Legacy

Owen is the eponym of Owen's Defence, a chess opening characterised by the moves 1.e4 b6. Owen was the first strong player to play this frequently, including in his victory over Morphy.

References

External links
 Chess games of John Owen
 Biography by Stephen Mann, using archive information

1827 births
1901 deaths
English chess players
People from the Borough of East Staffordshire
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
People educated at Repton School
19th-century chess players

John Owen (chess player)


Salvarsan eller arsfenamin var et af de første antibakterielle lægemidler, der blev lanceret. Det var den tyske læge Paul Ehrlich, som opdagede det i 1910. Det arsen-baserede middel virkede især godt mod syfilis og nogle få andre sygdomme.

Antibiotika

Salvarsan


Cele mai vechi forme de viață de pe Pământ sunt niște microorganisme fosilizate găsite în fisuri hidrotermale. Cea mai timpurie perioadă când primele forme de viață au apărut pe Pământ este încă un subiect de cercetare intensă. Au putut apărea mai devreme decât s-a crezut până acum, adică cu mai mult de 3.77 miliarde de ani în urmă, posibil și mai vechi de atât, cu 4.28 miliarde de ani în urmă, nu cu mult timp după ce oceanele planetare s-au format, adică cu 4.41 miliarde de ani în urmă și nu cu mult timp după ce Pământul s-a format cu aproximativ 4.54 miliarde de ani în urmă. Cele mai vechi dovezi directe ale existenței vieții pe Pământ sunt niște fosile ale unor microorganisme premineralizate într-o rocă din Australia, Pilbara Craton care datează de acum 3.465 miliarde de ani în urmă.

Privire de ansamblu
O formă de viață este o entitate sau o ființă care este vie.
În prezent, Pământul rămâne singurul loc din universul observabil cunoscut să adăpostească forme de viață.

Unele estimări cu privire la numărul de specii existente actual pe Pământ variază de la 10 milioane la 14 milioane , din care aproximativ 1,2 milioane au fost documentate și peste 86 la sută nu au fost încă descrise. Cu toate acestea, în Mai 2016 un raport științific estimează că pe Pământ există aproximativ 1 trilion de specii, dintre care doar o miime au fost documentate. Numărul total de perechi de baze ale ADN-ului (acid dezoxiribonucleic) care ajută la formarea lanțului ADN, este de 5.0 x 1037, cu o greutate de 50 miliarde de tone. În comparație, masa totală a biosferei a fost estimată a fi la fel de mult ca 4 miliarde de tone de carbon. În iulie 2016, oamenii de știință au raportat identificarea unui set de 355 de gene de la Ultimul Strămoș Comun (LUCA) a tuturor organismelor vii de pe Pământ.

Biosfera Pământului include solul, izvoare termale, rocă până la 19 km (12 mile ) sau mai adânc, în cele mai adânci părți ale oceanului și cel puțin 64 km (40 mile)  în atmosferă. În anumite condiții de testare, anumite forme de viață au fost observate a prospera în imediata vecinătate a spațiului, în imponderabilitatea și vidul din spațiu. . Forme de viață par să prospere în groapa marianelor, cel mai adânc loc din oceanele Pământului, ajungând la o adâncime de . Alți cercetători au raportat studii legate de forme de viață care prosperă în interiorul rocilor la peste  , sub fundul mării la peste  adâncime de pe coasta din nord-vestul Statelor Unite, precum și la  sub fundul mării, în Japonia. În August 2014, oamenii de știință au confirmat existența unor forme de viață care trăiesc la  sub gheața din Antarctica.

Potrivit unui cercetător, "puteți găsi microbi peste tot — sunt extrem de adaptabili la condiții, și pot supraviețui oriunde s-ar afla."

Primele forme de viață
Dovezile fosile ajută la informarea studiilor cu privire la originea vieții. Vârsta Pământului este de aproximativ 4.54 miliarde de ani; cele mai vechi dovezi de necontestat ale vieții pe Pământ datează cu cel puțin 3,5 miliarde de ani în urmă.

Există dovezi că viața a început mult mai devreme.

În 2017, microorganisme fosilizate, sau microfosile, au fost descoperite în fisurile hidrotermale din Nuvvuagittuq Centura din Quebec, Canada, care pot fi la fel de vechi ca 4,28 miliarde de ani, așadar cea mai veche dovadă a existenții vieții pe Pământ, sugerând "o aproape instantanee apariție a vieții", după formarea oceanelor acum 4.41 miliarde de ani în urmă, și nu mult timp după formarea Pământului cu 4.54 miliarde de ani în urmă.

"Urme de viață" au fost găsite în rocile din Australia de Vest, care datează de acum 4.1 miliarde de ani.

Dovezi ale grafitului biologic, și, eventual, stromatolite, au fost găsite în rocile sedimentare din sud-vestul Groenlandei.

În luna Mai 2017, dovezi ale vieții pe pământ ar fi fost găsite într-o adunare de sedimente care este adesea găsită în apropierea izvoarelor termale și gheizerelor, și alte depozite de minerale legate, descoperite în Pilbara Craton din Australia de Vest. Acest lucru completează publicarea din Noiembrie 2013 în urma descoperirii a unui "preș" de microbi rezultat în urma activității acestora din vestul Australiei vechi de 3.48 miliarde de ani.

În Noiembrie 2017, un studiu realizat de Universitatea din Edinburgh, a sugerat că viața pe Pământ își poate avea originea de la particulele biologice aduse de praful cosmic.

În Decembrie 2017, un raport științific a declarat că rocile vechi de 3.465 miliarde de ani din Australia, Pilbara Craton, ar fi conținut  cândva microorganisme, cele mai vechi dovezi de existență a vieții pe Pământ.

În Ianuarie 2018, un studiu a constatat că meteoriții vechi de 4.5 miliarde de ani care au fost găsiți pe Pământ conțineau apă sub formă lichidă și substanțe organice complexe care au putut fi ingredientele pentru viață.

Potrivit biologului Stephen Blair Hedges, "Dacă viața a apărut relativ repede pe Pământ, atunci acesta ar putea fi comună în univers."

Galerie

Note

Legături externe
 Biota (Taxonomicon)
 Viața (Systema Naturae 2000)
 Vitae (BioLib)

Evoluție biologică
Copacul vieții

Cele mai timpurii forme de viață


Carlos José Tissera (Río Cuarto, Argentina, 10 de setembro de 1951) é Bispo de Quilmes, Argentina.

Carlos José Tissera estudou filosofia no seminário de Córdoba e teologia na Pontifícia Universidade Católica da Argentina em Buenos Aires. Tissera foi ordenado sacerdote em 7 de abril de 1978 pelo Bispo de Río Cuarto, Moisés Julio Blanchoud. Em 1978 tornou-se vice-pároco no Santuário de Señor de la Buena Muerte em Reducción, e em 1981 mudou-se para a paróquia de Adelia María. De 1983 a 1992, Tissera foi Superior e Espiritual no seminário de Rio Cuarto, e de 1992 a 2004 foi pároco da Igreja Catedral da Diocese de Villa de la Concepción del Río Cuarto.

O Papa João Paulo II o nomeou quarto bispo de São Francisco em 2004. Foi ordenado bispo em 6 de fevereiro de 2005 na Igreja de San Francisco Solan por Ramón Artemio Staffolani, Bispo de Río Cuarto; Os co-consagradores foram o arcebispo de Salta, Moisés Julio Blanchoud, e o bispo auxiliar de Buenos Aires, Mario Aurelio Poli.

Em 12 de outubro de 2011, o Papa Bento XVI o nomeou ao Bispo de Quilmes.

É membro da comissão para os ministérios da Conferência Episcopal Argentina CEA e vice-delegado da região Pastoral Centro.

Ver também

Bispos católicos da Argentina

Carlos José Tissera


Pál Gönczy (Gönczy Pál; * 26. Dezember 1817 in Hajdúszoboszló; † 10. Januar 1892 in Karácsond) war ein ungarischer Pädagoge und Reformer des ungarischen Volksschulwesens.

Leben
Gönczy wurde 1867 von József Eötvös als Sektionsrat ins Unterrichtsministerium berufen, wo er das ungarische Volksschulwesen grundlegend reformierte. Er gab u. a. Lehrbücher, Atlanten, Globen, Wandtafeln und Berechnungstabellen für den Unterricht heraus, die für einige Jahrzehnte zum festen Bestandteil des Volksschulunterrichts gehörten.

Literatur
 Imre Juhász: Gönczy Pál, a reformer pedagógus. Debrecen: A Déri Múzeum baráti köre 1969. (Mit deutscher Zusammenfassung.)

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Ungar
Geboren 1817
Gestorben 1892
Mann

Pál Gönczy


Marcus Beresford ( - ) est un militaire irlandais et député.

Biographie
Il est un fils de l'archevêque de Tuam, William Beresford, par sa femme Elizabeth, sœur de John FitzGibbon (1er comte de Clare). Il fait ses études au Trinity College de Dublin .

Beresford commence sa carrière militaire lorsqu'il est nommé enseigne dans le  régiment d'infanterie le 26 octobre 1786. Il est promu lieutenant le 30 juin 1787 puis capitaine au  régiment d'infanterie, commandant plus tard une compagnie indépendante.

Le 31 octobre 1793, il est promu premier major au  régiment d'infanterie (Trench 's) et le 26 novembre 1794, lieutenant-colonel au  régiment d'infanterie (Sir Vere Hunt's). Il est nommé lieutenant-général de l'Irish Ordnance en 1800 et promu colonel à part entière le  janvier 1801.

Il représente St Canice à la Chambre des communes irlandaise de 1790 à 1794 et Swords de 1798 jusqu'à l'Acte d'Union de 1800. Le 22 juin 1802, il est breveté au grade local de général de brigade dans les îles sous le Vent.

Les garnisons des Antilles sont tristement célèbres pour la mortalité due aux maladies tropicales, telles que le paludisme et la fièvre jaune. En conséquence, Beresford rédige un testament le 23 novembre 1802 à la Barbade. Cela s'est avéré être une sage précaution, car il y est décédé le 6 janvier . Il meurt célibataire, avant son père, qui est créé baron Decies en 1812 et remplacé par le jeune frère de Marcus, John, en 1819.

Références

Étudiant de Trinity College (Dublin)
Décès en janvier 1803
Naissance en juin 1764
Militaire irlandais du XVIIIe siècle
Décès à 38 ans

Marcus Beresford (1764-1803)


Stéphane Boury (né le  à Limoges (Haute Vienne) est un coureur cycliste français, actif dans les années 1980 et 1990.

Biographie

Carrière cycliste
Stéphane Boury prend sa première licence au sein de l'UV Limousine. Champion régional en catégorie cadets et juniors, il poursuit sa progression chez les élites, avant d'intégrer le Bataillon de Joinville en 1988 pour son service militaire. Lors de cette saison, il s'impose sur une étape de la Route de France. Il est ensuite membre de l'US Créteil puis de l'ASPTT Paris. Il termine notamment deuxième du Ruban granitier breton en 1992, intercalé entre deux coureurs de la sélection russe : Evgueni Berzin et Vladislav Bobrik. En 1993, il rejoint le club du Vendée U. Il brille une nouvelle fois sur le Ruban granitier breton, où il remporte une étape et termine deuxième du classement général, à quelques secondes du vainqueur final Dominique Bozzi. Champion de France Clm/equipe(85 km/ 50,4 de moyenne) en 1994 avec Emmanuel Hubert, Didier Faivre Pierret, JY Mancais.

Il fait son retour à Paris en 1994, puis court au Cycle Poitevin en 1995. Sélectionné en équipe de France amateurs, il se classe huitième de la Course de la Paix. Il est recruté par l'UC Châteauroux en 1997. Figurant parmi les meilleurs amateurs français, il se distingue en obtenant de nombreuses victoires, dont le Tour du Loir-et-Cher. Il se retire finalement des compétitions en 2000, à 32 ans, sans être passé professionnel.

Reconversion professionnelle
Une fois sa carrière sportive terminée, il est embauché par Amaury Sport Organisation le 1er/02/2001. Il est actuellement Commissaire Général,

responsable des sites d'arrivées d'étape du Tour de France.

Palmarès

 1984
 Champion du Limousin cadets
 1985
 Champion du Limousin juniors
 1986
 Champion du Limousin juniors
 1987
  du championnat du Limousin
 1988
  de la Route de France
  du championnat du Limousin
 1990
  du Tour de Corrèze
  du Circuit boussaquin
 1991
  de Tercé-Tercé
 1992
  du Ruban granitier breton
  du Tour du Loir-et-Cher
  du Ruban granitier breton
  du Tour du Canton de Dun-le-Palestel
  de la Route d'Or du Poitou
 1993
  du Ruban granitier breton
  du championnat des Pays de la Loire
  du Circuit du Bocage vendéen
  du championnat de France du contre-la-montre par équipes

 1994
  Champion de France du contre-la-montre par équipes
  du Tour du Loir-et-Cher
 1995
  du Grand Prix de Buxerolles
  du championnat du Poitou-Charentes
 1997
 Circuit berrichon :
 Classement général

 Tour du Loir-et-Cher :
 Classement général
  (contre-la-montre)
  et  (contre-la-montre) étapes du Tour de Corrèze
  du Tour du Béarn (contre-la-montre)
 Paris-Épernay
  du Tour de la Dordogne
  du Tour de Corrèze
  du championnat de l'Orléanais
 1998
  du championnat de l'Orléanais
 1999
 Circuit des monts du Livradois
 Grand Prix des Grattons

Notes et références

Liens externes

Coureur cycliste français
Naissance en février 1968
Naissance dans la Côte-d'Or

Stéphane Boury