Hawk and Dove are a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by Steve Ditko and Steve Skeates, they appeared in Showcase #75 (June 1968) during the Silver Age of Comic Books. The duo has existed in multiple incarnations over the years across several eponymous ongoing series and miniseries, and has also appeared in a number of recurring roles and guest appearances in titles such as Teen Titans, Birds of Prey, and Brightest Day. The duo originated as teenage brothers Hank Hall as Hawk and Don Hall as Dove. Following Don's death in Crisis on Infinite Earths (1985), Dawn Granger assumed the role of Dove in Hawk & Dove #1 (October 1988). The mantle of Hawk would later be taken up by Dawn's sister Holly Granger in 2003 after Hank was killed during 1994's Zero Hour: Crisis in Time! until her death and Hank's resurrection in Blackest Night (2009). An unrelated team consisting of military cadet Sasha Martens as Hawk and rock musician Wiley Wolverman as Dove also appeared as the focus of a 1997 miniseries. The pairing of Hank and Dawn serve as the current and most commonly published incarnation of the team.

Inspired by the emerging political divides of the 1960s between pro-war hawks and pacifist doves, the central concept traditionally revolves around two young heroes with contrasting personalities and diametrically opposed ideologies who, by speaking their superheroic aliases, are transformed and granted power sets of heightened strength, speed, and agility. With Dove embodying reason and nonviolence and Hawk embodying force and aggression, the two heroes complement one another to effectively fight evil. With the introduction of Dawn Granger, it was revealed that Hawk and Dove's powers are derived from the Lords of Chaos and Order.

Though the duo's ongoing titles have all been relatively short-lived and their guest appearances in other titles sporadic, the heroes have experienced a storied and sometimes tragic history. Multiple characters have worn the respective titles of Hawk and Dove at one time or another and the legacy has experienced death, resurrection and even Hank's own descent into madness and subsequent transformation into the mass-murdering villain Monarch and later Extant.

Hank Hall, Dawn Granger, and Don Hall made their live-action debuts in the television series Titans, played by Alan Ritchson, Minka Kelly, and Elliot Knight, respectively.

Publication history

Silver and Bronze Ages
Spinning off from their Showcase debut, Hank and Don Hall received their own series titled The Hawk and the Dove. Created by plotter/artist Steve Ditko and writer Steve Skeates, with Carmine Infantino coming up with the title, Ditko plotted only the first issue and left after the second. In a 1999 interview, Skeates expressed dismay with changes that would be made to his script by Ditko and editorial, citing a tendency to neutralize Dove's abilities as a crimefighter in favor of Hawk's:

It was strange. A lot of changes would happen after I turned in a script. Quite often, my idea of what to do with the Dove was have him do brave stuff – and then it would be changed by either Dick [Giordano] or Steve into the Hawk doing that stuff. They'd say it was out of character for the Dove. They seemed to be equating Dove with wimp, wuss, coward or whatever. And I don't really think it was because they were more hawkish. I just don't think that they knew what a dove was.

Although Skeates attempted to change the direction of the series after Ditko left and artist Gil Kane joined the creative team, Skeates himself left after the fourth issue, leaving Kane to take on both writing and art responsibilities until the book's cancellation due to low sales after only the sixth issue.

The original Hawk and Dove made sporadic appearances in different DC titles throughout the 1970s and 1980s, primarily within the Teen Titans and New Teen Titans, joining the original incarnation briefly from Teen Titans #25–30 (January–October 1970), under the guidance of writers Dick Giordano and Robert Kanigher and artist Nick Cardy. Skeates also provided scripts for some of these issues they appeared in. The brothers also teamed up with Batman in The Brave and the Bold #181 (December 1981) in an out-of-continuity tale written by Alan Brennert and drawn by Jim Aparo.

The original Hawk and Dove's last appearance together was in Crisis on Infinite Earths #12 (March 1986), in which Don Hall was killed and became one of the last of a multitude of characters to meet their demise throughout the series, including the Flash, Supergirl, and dozens of others.

Modern Age
Following Dove's death, Hawk and Dove would appear together in various flashbacks, while Hawk would appear alone in occasional guest-appearances in the Teen Titans titles, including his own solo two-part story in Teen Titans Spotlight #7–8 (February-March 1987) by Mike Baron and Jackson Guice.

In 1986, Karl Kesel and Barbara Kesel began collaborating on a revival of Hawk and Dove, with the idea of creating a second Dove, who would this time be a female that would later become Dawn Granger. Karl Kesel stated:
I was inking the figure of the dead Dove on George Pérez's "Crisis" spread in The History of the DC Universe not crying tears over the death of the guy since he was pretty much a minor hero, but regretting the end of a really interesting team. I always liked Hawk and Dove. I always thought how they'd say "Hawk!" and "Dove!" and transform was really cool. Then it hit me: The mysterious voice that gave Hawk and Dove their powers could easily give the Dove powers to someone else! Maybe… a woman! I called Barbara as soon as I could. She sparked off the idea instantly and before even we knew it, we were co-writers.

The revival was approved for a five-issue miniseries, and the Kesels were joined by then-up-and-coming artist Rob Liefeld. The miniseries, shortened from its 1968 title to simply Hawk & Dove, was published in 1988–1989. The revival veered away from the duo's Silver Age political leanings and told a more straightforward superhero story with human trappings, introducing a number of supporting characters and villains that were loosely based on many of the Kesels' friends and family. Their portrayals of Hank and Dawn themselves were modeled on Barbara Kesel's brother and Karl Kesel's sister, respectively. This new direction was well received by fans and sold out, which then spurred the launch of an ongoing series with Hawk & Dove (vol. 3) in June 1989, co-written by the Kesels, with Greg Guler replacing Liefeld on art chores. The Kesels also wrote a Hawk and Dove feature in Secret Origins #43 (August 1989) that elaborated on the origin story of Hank and Don, revealing that Hawk and Dove's powers were given to them by the Lords of Chaos and Order and that Hawk and Dove themselves were Agents of Chaos and Order, respectively.

Despite its strong start, the relaunched ongoing series was eventually cancelled after 28 issues and two Annuals, with issue #28 being published in October 1991. To date, this is the longest any Hawk & Dove ongoing series has lasted.

Fictional character biography

Hank and Don Hall

Hank and Don Hall are the sons of Judge Irwin Hall. They find out that their father has many enemies when he is nearly assassinated. Hank and Don eventually follow the attacker back to his hideout and accidentally lock themselves in the closet of some criminals plotting to dispose of him. Mysterious voices echoe throughout the room, offering the boys a chance to save their father. All they have to do is call upon the powers of the Hawk and the Dove. The voices belong to a Lord of Chaos named T'Charr and a Lord of Order named Terataya (even though the Lords of Chaos and Order are eternal enemies, these two Lords had fallen in love). The Hall brothers invoke their new powers and become Hawk and Dove. The conservative Hawk (Hank) is hot-headed and reactionary, whereas the liberal Dove (Don) is more thoughtful and reasoned, but is prone to indecisiveness. Judge Irwin Hall displays a more centrist political beliefs, and firmly disapproves of vigilantism, not knowing his sons are costumed adventurers and saved him from his would-be assailants.

After their series ended, Hawk and Dove became semi-regulars in the Teen Titans, eventually joining Titans West. Writer Alan Brennert attempted to end their saga in a 1982 issue of The Brave and the Bold where 12 years later, Hank and Don Hall, then adults, are trying to cope with their 1960s values in the 1980s. After Hawk and Dove team up with Batman, the mysterious voice revokes Hank and Don's powers, deeming them still immature. This is later intentionally disregarded with a joke (where Don notes everyone says they look older) in New Teen Titans #50, when it is realized the real time aging of Hank and Don would affect the age of the Teen Titans as well.

Dove dies in 1985's Crisis on Infinite Earths while saving a young boy from the Anti-Monitor's shadow demons. One of the creatures attacks him while he is saving a kid from a falling building, and Hawk is too far away to intervene. A statue of Don is part of the memorial at Titans Tower in San Francisco. Hawk continues on his own, but without Dove to restrain him, he becomes violent to the point where many superheroes consider him nearly as much trouble as the supervillains.

Modern Age

In 1988, a new Hawk and Dove miniseries written by Karl Kesel and Barbara Kesel reintroduced the duo. This series places a woman named Dawn Granger as the Dove, replacing Don. The new Dove mysteriously receives her powers while attempting to save her mother from terrorists. At the end of the miniseries, it is revealed that Dawn received her powers the moment Don was stripped of them.

This Dove, while considerably more aggressive and self-confident than Don, also has greater-than-average strength and dexterity, faster-than-human speed and expanded mental capabilities. Dove fights mostly defensively, preferring to out-think and remain in control of her opponent. She also heals quickly and cannot revert to Dawn if her wounds or some other condition would be fatal to Dawn. They manage to hold their own against the Lords of Chaos' creation called Kestrel.

Set in Washington, D.C. (where the duo attend Georgetown University), the series introduces several supporting characters, including Hank's girlfriend, Ren Takamori, and friends Kyle Spenser and Donna Cabot. They also work with police Captain Brian "Sal" Arsala, who develops a mutual admiration for Dawn. It also introduces Kestrel, an evil spell created by M'Shulla and Barter, owner of Barter Trading: Exotic Goods and Services.

Hawk and Dove are lured to the mystical land of Druspa Tau – the home of the Lords of Chaos and Order – by Kestrel. It is all an effort of M'Shulla to seek out that world's Lords of Order. They are eventually discovered – Terataya, Lord of Order, and T'Charr, Lord of Chaos – in the form of a combined being called Unity. After M'Shulla and Kestrel are defeated (Hawk absorbs Kestrel and effectively destroys him), T'Charr and Terataya reveal they created Hawk and Dove to prove to the other Lords of Chaos and Order that the two forces could work together (and also because they were in love) and then convince Hawk and Dove to absorb the essence of their respective creators. This merging enhances their powers: Dove gains the ability to fly and is stronger and bulletproof; and Hawk gains superstrength and is nearly invulnerable.

Hawk's fall and redemption: Armageddon 2001, Zero Hour: Crisis in Time! and JSA
In 1991, in an editorial error concerning the miniseries Armageddon 2001, word leaked out that the central time-travelling villain of the piece (known as Monarch) was actually Captain Atom. Monarch had originally been conceived as a future identity of Captain Atom (post-psychotic break). Waverider even "checks" Hawk's future in Hawk and Dove Annual #2. This issue has them fighting Monarch, eliminating them as possible candidates. In a last-ditch effort to provide a "surprise twist", DC changed the storyline.

Sales of Hawk and Dove had dipped and the series was slotted for cancellation, so Monarch's identity was revealed as the future Hank Hall. in a fight against the heroes, Monarch murders Dawn, causing Hank to suffer a psychotic break, kill Monarch and assume his villainous identity. He briefly becomes a recurring foe for Captain Atom before absorbing Waverider's time-travel powers, subsequently changing his form and name to Extant in Zero Hour: Crisis in Time!.

As Extant, Hawk murders several members of the Justice Society of America; during a rematch, however, the Atom Smasher uses the New God Metron's Mobius Chair to transfer Hall onto a doomed plane in place of the Atom Smasher's mother; the plane explodes due to the terrorist actions of Kobra. Despite his crimes and the lives taken by him, a statue of him is present in the Titans Tower memorial in San Francisco.

Sasha Martens and Wiley Wolverman

Another version of Hawk (Sasha Martens) and Dove (Wiley Wolverman) appear in a five-issue miniseries in 1997, written by Mike Baron. In this version, completely unrelated to the concept of the Lords of Chaos and Order, the duo's conflicting personalities manifest as "military brat" and "slacker dude", respectively. They gain large bird wings and a telepathic link by receiving experimental medical treatments as children. Following the miniseries, the new Hawk and Dove make a handful of cameo appearances in Titans-related books, once protecting the town of Woodstock, New York, during a worldwide crisis.

Holly and Dawn Granger
In 2003, JSA #45–50 tell of a mysterious woman in a coma who is taken into the care of the Justice Society. Initially thought to be the comatose body of Hector Hall's missing wife, Hippolyta Trevor, the woman is revealed to be none other than the presumed-dead Dawn Granger. Dawn's "death" is revealed to be a hoax orchestrated by the villain Mordru, who turns out to have caused Hank's insanity that set him down the path to becoming Monarch (and later Extant).

Dawn later gains a new partner when her estranged and aggressive British sister Holly Granger is granted the mystical powers of Chaos as the third Hawk. Holly's first appearance is in Teen Titans (vol. 3) #22–23, joining her sister and many other former Titans against Dr. Light. The duo later re-teams with the Titans to rescue Raven's "soul self" from their old nemesis Kestrel.

In the Day of Vengeance limited series, the Spectre attacks and apparently destroys T'Charr and Terataya (who apparently were temporarily no longer dead), leaving Hawk and Dove supposedly powerless. Despite this, however, Hawk and Dove are shown during a worldwide prison break, being contacted telepathically by J'onn J'onzz. Both are in costume and Dove is carrying Hawk while flying, possibly implying that T'Charr and Terataya were somehow restored to life after Earth entered the Tenth Age of Magic.

Hawk and Dove also appeared in Countdown to Mystery, in which Dawn Granger is one of a number of heroes possessed by Eclipso. In Teen Titans (vol. 3) #34 (post-Infinite Crisis), Holly and Dawn are shown in Titans Tower sometime during the previous year, with dialogue from Hawk implying that they were at the time members of the Teen Titans. Their association with the team was temporary, though they resurface in the Titans East Special as part of a new team organized by Cyborg. The sisters are both shot by energy beams from Trigon and are left for dead. Later events show that despite being badly injured, they survived the experience.

Blackest Night

In Blackest Night #2, multiple black power rings attempt to reanimate the body of Don Hall, only to be prevented from disturbing his grave by an invisible barrier. As they collide with the barrier, the rings' typical command ("rise") is interrupted; the rings instead respond "Don Hall of Earth at peace". This is the first depiction of the black power rings failing to recruit a member for the Black Lantern Corps. Though Don rejects the black rings, his brother Hank's corpse accepts his with humor: "Same old, same old, huh, bro? Hawk's got to do all the dirty work himself".

In Blackest Night: Titans #1, Hank lures Holly and Dawn to a library with a trail of dead hawks and doves, then kills Holly by ripping out her heart. A black power ring then claims Holly's body and the two Black Lantern Hawks assault and torment Dawn. Eventually Dove goes to Titans Tower for help, only to find it under attack by more Black Lantern Titans. Holly and Hank catch up to her and resume their attack. When Holly attempts to rip out Dawn's heart, a blast of white energy radiates from her body, severing the connection between Holly and the ring. Dawn then turns the light on the other Black Lanterns, destroying all but Terra, Tempest and Hank. The effort causes Dawn to pass out. While unconscious, she has a vision of Don, who tells her that she can save Hank and should not give up on him.

Dawn and the Titans join the Justice League in battling the Black Lanterns at Coast City. She is able to destroy Black Lanterns with her very presence. The Flash (Barry Allen) witnesses Dawn's fight with the undead army and realizes that she possesses the "white light of creation" as mentioned by Indigo-1 (a member from the Indigo Tribe), a power believed to be created by the combined seven powers of the emotional spectrum. During the battle, Dove's white energies are pulled into the Black Lanterns' central power battery, under the control of the being trapped inside: the being is eventually revealed to be the villainous Anti-Monitor. Dove aids the seven Corps members to defeat the cosmic entity before resuming their battle with the Black Lantern Corps. In the aftermath of the final battle, Hank is brought back to life by the power of the white light. A memorial statue is created for Holly at Titans Tower.

Brightest Day

Hank and Dawn encounter Deadman shortly after the events of Blackest Night. They have him, in their own particular ways, try to resurrect Don and Holly, but to no avail; the voice guiding Deadman simply indicates death no longer holds the same meaning. The three are transported to Silver City, New Mexico, where they find the White Lantern power battery in a crater. When Deadman asks the white battery why they were all brought back to life, the Entity tells them that it is dying and requires a successor. The Entity also tells Hawk to save Dawn from Captain Boomerang (although the fact that it also told Boomerang to attack Dawn in the first place suggests a larger plan at play). When asking why Dove needs to be protected, the Entity said they all need protection.

Dove and Deadman travel together for a time, first to Atlantis and then Gotham City, in a search for a candidate to replace the Entity. They believe the Resurrection Man and Batman to be possible candidates, and Deadman tries to give the ring to Batman, but the ring rejects him and returns to Deadman, who is suddenly shot to death. But the ring brings him back to life and, upon doing so, both he and Dawn realize they are in love (she is the reason he embraces life and accepts the ring's offer). Deadman has since moved into Dove's apartment.

Later as the "dark avatar" made his presence known, Hawk and Dove are transported to the Star City forest by the Entity, where it tells them that they must protect the forest and withstand the ultimate savior, Alec Holland. Within the forest, Captain Boomerang finds Dawn and throws a boomerang at her. Hawk fails to catch it, but Deadman succeeds, dying in the process. Hawk is left to knock Captain Boomerang unconscious. After the Dark Avatar is defeated, the Entity reveals to them that the boomerang was part of a plan to free Hawk from his role as an avatar of war from the Lords of Chaos: his act of saving Dawn would have broken their power over Hawk and allow him to be true to himself. Dawn is heartbroken. She and Boston Brand share an emotional farewell as Brand resumes his duties as "Deadman".

Around this same time period, Dawn and Hank are recruited into the Birds of Prey by Zinda Blake while in Gotham to stop some teenaged supervillains. Immediately after their meeting with Zinda, the two are called in by Oracle to rescue the Black Canary and the Huntress from a villainess calling herself the White Canary. Dove also appears as part of Wonder Woman's all-female super team in Wonder Woman #600.

The New 52
In 2011, DC relaunched this title as part of their company-wide reboot of their 52 major titles. It was released on 7 September, written by Sterling Gates and art by Rob Liefeld.

In this new series, Hawk and Dove are Hank Hall and Dawn Granger, who resume their superhero activities in Washington, D.C., with assistance from Deadman. They encounter Condor and Swan, a new pair of supervillains who possess superpowers similar to theirs. Hawk and Dove fight Condor and Swan after they try to kill President Barack Obama and Hank's father. Swan escapes, but Hawk and Dove manage to defeat Condor, who is revealed to be an old unnamed man.

During the first issue, the origins of Hawk and Dove are recounted – Don and Hank were Dove and Hawk for at least two years, until three years before the start of the series, when Don perished during the "worst crisis the world has ever seen" (referencing Don's death in the original canon in the Crisis) and Dawn became the next avatar almost immediately. This is later retconned in the Titans Hunt miniseries, where it is revealed that Hank and Don were members of the original Teen Titans, and that Don was killed during a battle between the team and Mister Twister.

It is also said that Dawn had a connection to Don, known only to herself and Deadman, but unknown to Hank. The Hawk and Dove series was cancelled after issue #8 (released on 4 April 2012).

In the new continuity, Dawn Granger has a tenuous romantic relationship with Deadman and has appeared in the team comic Justice League Dark; their attempt fails miserably, as while Deadman insists to carry on their relationship using borrowed bodies, Dove shows disdain and repulsion to the idea.

In the Watchmen sequel Doomsday Clock, Hawk and Dove are shown on TV being arrested by the Rocket Red Brigade for interfering with the Russian police.

In the pages of Dark Nights: Death Metal, Don Hall is revealed to be entombed in the Valhalla Cemetery. Batman later revived him and Holly Granger with a Black Lantern Ring.

Powers and abilities

Dove
Dove possesses an ability known as danger sense transformation. When in the presence of danger, whether to herself or others, Dawn Granger can call out the word "Dove" and transform into Dove. She does not need to be aware of danger, meaning she transforms if she says the word while unknowingly being in danger. However, the transformation requires actual danger, so if Dawn says "Dove" without danger being present, she would not transform.

The transformation wears off a short time after any danger has passed, unless Dove is seriously injured. She will remain as Dove until the injuries are sufficiently healed. Hank once searched the warehouse district to find a criminal hideout, having to say "Hawk" before entering each warehouse. On high magic worlds, Dawn can remain as Dove for extended periods regardless of whether danger is present.

The transformation changes Granger into a minor force of Order and she gains avian characteristics, which are hidden under her costume. If the costume receives sufficient damage, it can reveal part of her true form, which shines with the golden glowing light of Order. Within realms of higher magic, Dove can easily remove the costume and show her true form.

Dove is also hypervigilant; her natural aptitudes are enhanced, such as her ability to judge people which allows her to "read" people and objects, and know how they will behave. In addition to flight, she also has enhanced agility, can withstand physical punishment, heal quickly and her perceptions are heightened to their fullest extent.

Due to her connection with Terataya, on high magic worlds her powers are enhanced. She can concentrate her radiance into a blinding beam of light. She also possesses the White Light of Creation. It is unknown whether this power is an extension of her radiance ability, but during the Blackest Night crisis, Dove was able to channel this particular force and destroy Black Lanterns along with blocking a Black Lantern's aura-reading power. How and why Dawn was chosen for this power, or whether it has anything to do with her link to Terataya, remains unknown.

As seen in the pages of Blackest Night, Don Hall is impervious to black power rings. In an interview with IGN, Geoff Johns provides an explanation behind Dove's immunity to the black power rings: "You'll learn more about this as we go forward. But really it speaks to the nature of Don Hall. He can't be desecrated by the likes of these things. He's untouchable in death and at total peace more than any other being in the universe". Reflecting on the limitations of the rings, Johns goes on to state that, even though magic is a "joke" to the black power rings, Don is quite the opposite.

Hawk
Hawk possesses a "danger sense transformation" which allows him to change into a super-human with the powers of superstrength, unlimited stamina, enhanced speed, enhanced agility, enhanced durability, enhanced body density and healing factor.

His partner Dove suppresses his violent nature and without her presence Hawk's rage becomes boundless.

While he was a member of the Black Lantern Corps, Hawk wielded a black power ring which allowed him to generate black energy constructs. He was also able to perceive emotional auras.

Enemies
Outside of the enemies they fought with the Teen Titans, each of the Hawk and Dove incarnations had their own enemies:

 Condor – The evil counterpart of Hawk. Condor's identity is an unnamed elderly man who was a 200 year old cannibalistic serial killer of Avatars.

 D'Khan – A priest that is secretly the ancient Dragon of D'Yak.

 Hunter – A supervillain that worked for the "D'Yak" and had hunted Hawk and Dove.

 Kestrel – A formless supervillain created by M'Shulla and Gorrum of the Lords of Chaos to either subvert Hawk to the forces of evil or kill him. Powers are possession, dimensional travel and strength.

 Necromancer – A powerful sorceress who tried unlocking unlimited magical power with the circle of totems.

 Shellshock – A mysterious woman who can blow up anything by saying its name.

 Sudden Death – A beach bum-themed metahuman named Dwayne Wainwright with incredible strength, stamina, and an ability to generate explosions of massive force. He would later join the Suicide Squad.
 A loose adaptation of Wainwright was featured in the HBOMax / DC Universe show Titans, played by Bas Reitsma. In the flashbacks of episode "Hawk and Dove", a non-powered Dwayne was arrested April 23, 2009, by the police of Washington, D.C. for uploading pornographic pictures of a ten-year-old in a local coffee shop. He denied the accusations and was released on the same day. The following night, on their very first operation, Hawk and Dove beat him up to force him to confess his crimes and record all of it with a camera.

 Swan – The evil counterpart of Dove and killer of Ospery to gain power as an Avatar. Swan's identity is Rachel Felps, who was later killed for her power by Condor.

 Unity – Dr. Arsala is the daughter of Hank and Dawn from an alternate future who used the Gem of Order to become Unity.

Collected editions
 Hawk and Dove (collects Hawk and Dove (vol. 2) #1–5), November 1993,
 Hawk and Dove:  Ghosts & Demons (new edition also collects Hawk and Dove (vol. 2) #1–5), March 2012,
 DC Comics Presents: Brightest Day Vol. 3 (collects Teen Titans (vol. 3) #27–28; Legends of the DC Universe #26–27), February 2011 – features Hawk (Holly) and Dove (Dawn), alongside the Teen Titans, fighting Kestrel.
 Hawk and Dove: First Strikes (collects Hawk and Dove (vol. 5) #1–8), August 2012,
 Teen Titans: The Silver Age Omnibus (collects Showcase #75, Hawk and Dove #1–6, Teen Titans #21), November 2016,

Other versions

The Dark Knight Strikes Again
Hank Hall and Don Hall appear in The Dark Knight Strikes Again. The Hall brothers try to take up the tights again in their old age, but do not return to action, due to their constant arguments.

Dark Multiverse
Dark Multiverse variants are seen in the form of a deceased Hank and Holly Granger.

In other media

Television
 Hank and Don Hall / Hawk and Dove appear in Justice League Unlimited, voiced by Fred Savage and Jason Hervey respectively. This version of the duo are members of the Justice League who possess a strong relationship, with Don being more self-confident than Hank and their philosophical bickering resembling brotherly teasing. Additionally Hank utilizes brute force and aggressive tactics, at times resembling a football player, while Don uses a blend of techniques reminiscent of aikido or judo, using his attacker's movements to fling them aside.
 Hank and Don Hall / Hawk and Dove appear in Batman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced by Greg Ellis and Dee Bradley Baker respectively.
 Hank and Don Hall / Hawk and Dove, as well as Dawn Granger / Dove, all appear in Titans, portrayed by Alan Ritchson, Elliot Knight, and Minka Kelly, respectively, while Tait Blum and Jayden Marine portray younger versions of Hank and Don, respectively. The series' versions of the trio are humans who all rely on their physical prowess - Hank as a football player, Don as a martial artist, and Dawn as a ballerina - to fight crime. Moreover, the Halls are half-brothers who operated as the original Hawk and Dove to hunt down sexual predators, motivated by abuse that Hank's football coach inflicted on him as a child. After Don and Dawn's mother, Marie, are killed in an accident, Hank and Dawn gradually enter a relationship, with Dawn subsequently becoming the new Dove using the physical abuse she and Marie suffered at the hands of the former's father as motivation. The new duo go on to meet and team up with Dick Grayson and the Titans, though tensions occur when Grayson and Dawn enter a romantic relationship. While planning on retiring, Hank and Dawn cross paths with Grayson again when he requests their help in protecting Rachel Roth. This leads to Hank, Dawn, and Grayson being attacked by the Nuclear Family, who were hired to retrieve Roth, and Dawn ending up in a coma due to injuries sustained in the ensuing fight. Dawn eventually awakens when she receives a vision from Roth, telling her and Hank to find Jason Todd.
 Hank and Dawn appear in "Crisis on Infinite Earths" via archive footage from the episodes "Trigon" and "Titans".

Miscellaneous
Hank Hall and Dawn Granger / Hawk and Dove appear in DC Super Hero Girls as background students at Super Hero High.

References

External links
 Hawk and Dove at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015.
 Hawk and Dove at Comic Vine
 Hank Hall at Comic Vine
 Don Hall at Comic Vine
 Holly Granger at Comic Vine
 Dawn Granger at Comic Vine
 The Hawk and the Dove Chronicles
 Blake Bell's article on Hawk and Dove
 Don and Hank Hall at the DC Animated Universe Wiki

Animated duos
Characters created by Steve Ditko
Comics by Steve Ditko
Comic strip duos
DC Comics American superheroes
DC Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
DC Comics characters with accelerated healing
DC Comics characters with superhuman strength
DC Comics female superheroes
DC Comics titles
Superhero duos
Vigilante characters in comics

Hawk and Dove


Philip "Phil" Jordon (nacido el  en Lakeport, California y fallecido el  en Sumner, Washington) fue un jugador de baloncesto estadounidense que disputó siete temporadas en la NBA. Con 2,08 metros de estatura, jugaba en la posición de pívot.

Trayectoria deportiva

Universidad
Su carrera universitaria transcurrió en los Pirates de la Universidad de Whitworth.

Profesional
Fue elegido en la cuadragésimo tercera posición del Draft de la NBA de 1956 por Minneapolis Lakers, pero tras no encontrar hueco en el equipo, jugó una temporada con los Seattle Buchan Bakers de la AAU.

En el mes de enero de  fue traspasado a New York Knicks, junto con Jerry Bird y Slater Martin, a cambio de Walter Dukes, donde juega 9 partidos como suplente de Nathaniel Clifton, promediando 4,9 puntos y 3,8 rebotes.

Poco después de comenzada la temporada 1957-58 es traspasado a los Detroit Pistons. Allí conseguiría más minutos de juego, y en su segunda temporada acabaría como tercer mejor anotador de su equipo, tras George Yardley y Gene Shue, promediando 14,3 puntos, a los que añadió 8,3 rebotes por partido.

En  es traspasado a los Cincinnati Royals a cambio de Archie Dees y una futura segunda ronda del draft. Allí cimpartió las posiciones titulares más cercanas al aro con Wayne Embry, promediando en su primera temporada 13,4 puntos y 8,3 rebotes por partido. A pesar de sus buenas actuaciones, mediada la temporada siguiente fue despedido, regresando a los Knicks.

En el equipo de la gran manzana jugó una temporada y media, perdiéndose a causa de una gripe el partido de los 100 puntos de Wilt_Chamberlain, el 2 de marzo de 1962. Este hecho hizo que la prensa justificara la hazaña del jugador de los Warriors, ya que los Knicks se quedaron en aquel momento con un único jugador alto (Darrall Imhoff) para pararlo.

En  es traspasado, junto los derechos sobre Clifford Luyk a los Chicago Zephyrs a cambio de Gene Conley, pero antes de dar comienzo la competición es traspasado por los Zephyrs a St. Louis Hawks a cambio de Charlie Hardnett. Allí jugó como suplente su última temporada como profesional, promediando 6,5 puntos y 4,4 rebotes por partido.

Estadísticas de su carrera en la NBA

Temporada regular

Playoffs

Fallecimiento
Jordon falleció ahogado mientras practicaba rafting en el estado de Washington el 7 de junio de 1965 junto con otras tres personas, que sí lograron salvar la vida. Su cuerpo fue encontrado sin vida 20 días más tarde en el Estrecho de Puget.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Baloncestistas de California
Baloncestistas de la NBA
Baloncestistas de los New York Knicks
Baloncestistas de los Detroit Pistons
Baloncestistas de los Cincinnati Royals
Baloncestistas de los St. Louis Hawks
Baloncestistas de los Whitworth Pirates
Fallecidos por ahogamiento
Baloncestistas fallecidos en competición

Phil Jordon


Friedrich Heinrich Reichsgraf von Seckendorff (5 de julho de 1673 - 23 de novembro de 1763, 90 anos) foi um marechal de campo e diplomata da Francônia, a serviço da monarquia imperial dos Habsburgos da Áustria. Mais tarde, ele serviu como comandante do exército bávaro e lutou contra a Áustria.

Família
Seckendorff nasceu em Königsberg, Franconia, na família da nobreza Seckendorff. Seu pai era um oficial de Saxe-Gotha e seu sobrinho era Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff. Ele estudou direito em Jena, Leipzig e Leyden.

Inicio da Carreira
Seckendorff como Feldmarschallleutnant em 1717. Sob o comando de Eugene de Savoy, Seckendorff liderou dois regimentos de Ansbach contra os turcos otomanos em Belgrado. Em 1718 ele lutou com sucesso contra a Espanha na Sicília. Concedido o título de Reichsgraf em 1719, Seckendorff foi nomeado Feldzeugmeister dois anos depois.

Diplomacia
Em 1726, por instância de Eugênio de Sabóia, Seckendorff tornou-se o embaixador imperial na corte prussiana em Berlim. Ele ganhou a confiança do rei Frederico Guilherme I da Prússia; rei e diplomata lutaram lado a lado na Guerra da Sucessão Espanhola. Seckendorff também subornou o ministro de Estado, o influente Friedrich Wilhelm von Grumbkow, com uma pensão austríaca. A fim de evitar um possível casamento entre o príncipe herdeiro Frederico e uma princesa da Casa de Hanover que teria aliado a Prússia e a Grã-Bretanha, Seckendorff manipulou Frederick William e seu filho para que o príncipe herdeiro se casasse com Elizabeth Christina de Brunswick-Bevern, um casamento mais favorável à Áustria.

A habilidade diplomática de Seckendorff também levou ao reconhecimento da Sanção Pragmática pelos tribunais de numerosos principados alemães, Dinamarca e República Holandesa.

Carreira militar posterior
Em 1734, Seckendorff voltou ao exército imperial e tornou-se governador de Mainz. Como general imperial da cavalaria durante a Guerra da Sucessão Polonesa, ele liderou 30 000 soldados contra os franceses em Clausen em 20 de outubro de 1735. Em 1737, o imperador Carlos VI nomeou Seckendorff comandante-em-chefe na Hungria, ao mesmo tempo dando-lhe o bastão de Feldmarschall. Embora inicialmente bem-sucedido na campanha austro-russa contra os otomanos, ele acabou sendo forçado a recuar pelo rio Save . Seus numerosos inimigos em Viena provocaram sua revogação, julgamento e prisão em Graz .como punição pela guerra malsucedida.

A imperatriz Maria Theresa libertou Seckendorff da prisão em 1740, mas, negando seus pagamentos em atraso, ele renunciou a todos os seus cargos austríacos e imperiais e aceitou do novo imperador do Sacro Império Romano, o bávaro Carlos VII, o posto de marechal de campo no serviço bávaro. Como comandante do exército bávaro, Seckendorff substituiu Munique na Guerra da Sucessão Austríaca e, por meio de uma série de batalhas em 1743 e 1744, forçou os austríacos a voltar para a Boêmia , após o que renunciou.

Após a morte de Carlos VII, Seckendorff negociou uma reconciliação entre a Áustria e a Baviera no Tratado de Füssen em 22 de abril de 1745. O imperador Francisco I reafirmou todas as honras de Seckendorff e o diplomata retirou-se para sua propriedade em Meuselwitz, na Turíngia. Em 1757, a morte de sua esposa, por quem, por mais rude e inamável que fosse, ele tinha uma afeição profunda e duradoura, quebrou sua saúde já debilitada. Frederico, o Grande, instruiu os hussardos prussianos a sequestrar Seckendorff de Meuselwitz em dezembro de 1758 durante a Guerra dos Sete Anos . Depois de passar meio ano detido em Magdeburg, foi trocado por Moritz de Anhalt-Dessau, que havia sido capturado pelos austríacos em Hochkirch . Voltando a Meuselwitz, Seckendorff morreu em sua propriedade em 1763.

Citações
Frederico, o Grande, desprezava Seckendorff, ressentindo-se do diplomata militar por ganhar a confiança de Frederico Guilherme I e seu envolvimento nos planos do casamento prussiano. A respeito de Seckendorff, Frederick escreveu: "Ele era sórdidamente conspirador; suas maneiras eram rudes e rústicas; mentir havia se tornado uma segunda natureza para ele, que havia perdido o uso da verdade. Ele era um usurário que às vezes aparecia disfarçado de soldado, e às vezes na de um diplomata".

Referências
Fontes

Bibliografia

 Würzbach's Biogr. Lexikon, pt. 33, "Versuch einer Lebensr beschreibung des F. M. Seckendorf" (Leipzig, 1792–1794); Seelander, Graf Seckendorf und der Friede v. Passau (Gotha, 1883); Carlyle, Frederick the Great, vols. i.-v. passim; and memoir in Allgemeine deutsche Biographie.
Militares

Friedrich Heinrich von Seckendorff


"Musens sang" er en dansk sang skrevet til filmen Mød mig på Cassiopeia fra 1951. Sangen har tekst af Børge Müller og musik af Kai Normann Andersen og fremført af Bodil Kjer.

Sangteksten
I den romantiske komedie har komponisten John Berger (Hans Kurt) problemer med at få skrevet nogle numre til en operette, der snart skal have premiere. I sin desperation ønsker han sig at få hjælp fra en muse, og musen Polyhymnia forbarmer sig over ham og kommer ned til jorden, hvor hun manifesterer sig i skikkelse at en ung, smuk kvinde (Bodil Kjer). Berger får hul på bylden, men for musen opstår der problemer, idet hun forelsker sig hovedkulds i en flyverløjtnant (Poul Reichhardt), som Bergers kone også har vist interesse for. Zeus (Johannes Meyer), Polyhymnias far, er ikke tilfreds med sin datters aktiviteter og drager selv ned til Jorden for at bremse hende. Polyhymnia må indse, at en muse har det svært mellem himmel og jord.

Dette problem synger hun om i "Musens sang" med vendinger som "man er bare et fnug mellem himmel og jord". I løbet af de tre vers à otte linjer accentueres hendes dilemma ved, at "mellem himmel og jord" gentages seks gange, inden hun sørgmodigt indser, at hun nok hører til i himlen.

Melodi
Kai Normann Andersens melodi er en langsom vals med en let melankolsk tone, der passer fint til den sørgmodige tekst. Der bygges for hvert vers et A-stykke op til to verselinjer, der gentages for linje 1-2, 3-4 samt 7-8, mens et B-stykke skaber dynamikken i linje 5-6.

Melodien til "Musens sang" er en af de 12 Andersen-sange, der kom med i kulturkanonen.

Andre versioner
"Musens sang" er indspillet i flere andre udgaver. Ann-Mette Elten på Hot Hot (2000), Charlotte Munck i 2006 på albummet Danske Filmhits,  Birthe Kjær på albummet Dejlige danske... (2008) og Richard Ragnvald på En aften med... (2011).

Referencer

Sange fra Danmark
Sange af Kai Normann Andersen
Kulturkanonen

Musens sang


Agincourt () is a neighbourhood and former village in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Agincourt is located in northeast Toronto, along Sheppard Avenue between Kennedy and Markham Roads (north-south includes lands between Highway 401 and Finch Avenue). Before the creation of the "megacity" of Toronto in 1998, the area was part of Scarborough. It is officially recognized by the City of Toronto as occupying the neighbourhoods of Agincourt South–Malvern West and Agincourt North.

The name Agincourt is often used to refer to a larger area of northwest Scarborough rather than just the officially recognized neighbourhood. The area to the west of Agincourt, officially named Tam O'Shanter–Sullivan is often included as part of Agincourt, and the Agincourt Mall is located in Tam O'Shanter.

The section of Agincourt west of Midland Avenue belongs to the electoral district of Scarborough—Agincourt, while the section to the east is part of Scarborough North (federal, previously Scarborough—Rouge River) or Scarborough—Rouge River (provincial, until the 2018 provincial election, when it will be replaced with Scarborough North).

History

Agincourt was once referred to as "hero town" by the citizens that lived there. The village of Agincourt was officially founded with the establishment of the Agincourt post office, opened in June 1858 by John Hill. The name of the settlement was after the site of Henry V's decisive English victory over French forces in 1415. Local legend has it that the town's name was chosen when Hill requested that the town be given a post office, and the French-Canadian Postmaster agreed, on the condition that it be given a French name, with 'Agincourt' chosen to undermine the Postmaster's intention. The site of the 1415 battle is now known as Azincourt: the namesake of today's Agincourt, Ontario should not be confused with Agincourt, Meurthe-et-Moselle.  The original crossroads of Agincourt is located at Midland Avenue and Sheppard and served a rural agricultural population.

A Presbyterian church (from France) was built on the north-east corner, which is today's Knox United Church. In addition, an Agincourt Public School was built in 1914, which has evolved over time into Agincourt Junior Public School. A secondary school that later evolved into Agincourt Collegiate Institute, was established in 1915 on the second floor of the same building. From 1954 to 1998, the schools were a part of the Scarborough Board of Education.

Two railway stations were constructed in the second half of the 19th century at Agincourt. One was built just west of the crossroads as part of the Toronto and Nipissing Railway line heading north from Scarborough Junction on the Toronto – Montreal mainline, and greatly improved access. The line eventually became part of Canadian National Railways, and the station operates today as Agincourt Station on the GO Transit Stouffville commuter rail route. A second station was built east of the crossroads, northside of Sheppard Avenue and west of Brimley Road, on what is today CP Rail track that runs from downtown Toronto diagonally northeast through the neighbourhood. Commuter rail service to Toronto's Union Station was offered by the CPR from various service routes such as Lake Ontario Shore Line and Toronto-Peterboro Dayliner (1950s). CP passenger service was discontinued in 1982 but revived briefly in 1985 before being cancelled for good in 1990. The line branches east of a marshalling yard, built by CP in the 1960s between McCowan and Markham Roads on the east of the neighbourhood, into the (Peterborough–) Havelock and Belleville (– Montreal) subdivisions. The neighbourhood saw an influx of Chinese Canadians move into the area during the 1980s.

Agincourt saw an influx of Hong Kong Chinese and Taiwanese emigrants during the 1980s, especially in the area along Sheppard Avenue near Midland Avenue.  Since the development of Chinese-themed shopping centres in the 1980s, it has become a booming suburban Toronto Chinatown and was the vanguard for the proliferation of "Chinese malls", catering specifically to the Chinese community across the GTA.

Economy
Agincourt Mall, an enclosed mall, began a redevelopment in 2018, and is the second-largest active residential application in Toronto.

Education

Four public school boards operate elementary and secondary schools in Agincourt. They include the public secular Toronto District School Board (TDSB), and the public separate school boards, Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir (CSCM), and the Toronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB). Toronto's French-language secular public school board, Conseil scolaire Viamonde (CSV) now operates a school in the district.

TDSB operates four public secondary schools in the neighbourhood, Agincourt Collegiate Institute, Albert Campbell Collegiate Institute, Sir William Osler High School and Delphi Alternative Secondary School. In addition to secondary schools, TDSB also operates institutions which provide primary education. TCDSB operates two public secondary schools in Agincourt, Francis Libermann Catholic High School and Monsignor Fraser College Midland Campus, with the latter housed in the former Our Lady of Good Counsel Catholic School.

The following public elementary schools operate in Agincourt (with the managing school board in parentheses):

 Agincourt Junior Public School (TDSB)
 C. D. Farquharson Junior Public School (TDSB)
 Chartland Junior Public School (TDSB)
 École elémentaire catholique Saint-Jean-de-Lalande (CSCM)
 École elémentaire Laure-Riese (CSV)
 Henry Kelsey Senior Public School (TDSB)
 Iroquois Junior Public School (TDSB)
 North Agincourt Junior Public School (TDSB)
 Sir Alexander Mackenzie Senior Public School (TDSB)
 St. Bartholomew Catholic School (TCDSB)
 St. Elizabeth Seton Catholic Elementary School (TCDSB)
 St. Ignatius of Loyola Catholic School (TCDSB)
 White Haven Junior Public School (TDSB)

Recreation
The neighbourhood is home to a number of municipal parks, managed by the Toronto Parks, Forestry and Recreation Division. In addition to local parks, the Division also operates the Agincourt Recreation Centre (pool and ice rink - damaged in fire in January 2019), located adjacent to Agincourt Park, Albert Campbell Pool (inside Albert Campbell CI) and Commander Park Arena (ice rink) at Commander Park.

 Agincourt Park
 Alexmuir Park
 Brimley Woods Park
 Chartland Park
 Chartwell Park
 Collingwood Park
 Donalda Park
 Farquharson Park
 Havendale Park
 Iroquois Park
 Knott Park
 Metrogate Park
 McDairmid Woods Park
 North Agincourt Park
 Snowhill Park
 White Haven Park

See also
J. K. L. Ross, operator of Agincourt Farms, a thoroughbred farm once located in Agincourt

References

External links

City of Toronto – Agincourt South-Malvern West Neighbourhood Profile
City of Toronto – Agincourt North Neighbourhood Profile

Neighbourhoods in Toronto
Scarborough, Toronto
Chinatowns in Canada

Agincourt, Toronto


Alexandra Chando (Bethlehem, Pensylvania; 28 de julio de 1986) es una actriz estadounidense, más conocida por participar en la telenovela As the World Turns interpretando el papel de Maddie Coleman. También protagonizó la serie juvenil The Lying Game, original de ABC Family.

Biografía
Alexandra Chando nació el 28 de julio de 1986. Se graduó en Liberty High School, Bethlehem, Pensylvania. Estaba estudiando en la Universidad de Manhattan cuando fue descubierta por los productores de As the World Turns. Durante el rodaje de Rockville, CA se mudó a California, pero actualmente vive en Nueva York de nuevo.

Carrera
Unos pocos meses después de haber comenzado la grabación de As the World Tuurns, Alexandra protagonizó un episodio de la serie documental True Live de la cadena MTV: Im Getting My Big Breack. Su último episodio emitido de As the World Turns fue el 26 de octubre de 2007.
En 2008, Chando interpretó el papel de Debbie en la serie Rockville, CA, creada por Josh Schwartz (The O.C., Gossip Girl, Chuck). Fue emitida por TheWB.com durante la primavera del 2009.
El 23 de septiembre de 2009, Alexandra volvió a As the World Turns. El 14 de mayo de 2010 hizo una pequeña aparición como voluntaria de un grupo de activistas por los derechos animales en la popular serie Medium, emitida por la cadena CBS en Estados Unidos y por Cuatro en España.
Chando acudió a las audiciones para actuar junto a Robert Pattinson en la película Recuérdame, papel que finalmente consiguió Emilie de Ravin. También fue barajada como posible opción para interpretar a Elena Gilbert en la serie Crónicas Vampíricas, actualmente interpretado por Nina Dobrev, con la cual tiene un parecido más que sorprendente.
En octubre del 2010, fue fichada para el papel protagonista en la nueva serie de ABC Family, The Lying Game. Interpreta el papel de las gemelas Sutton Mercer y Emma Becker, separadas al nacer y que se reencuantran tras 17 años para descubrir la verdadera identidad de su madre biológica.
Chando interpreta a Danielle en la serie Talent, producida por Alloy Entertainment y basada en las novelas de Zoey Dean.

Filmografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Actrices de televisión de Estados Unidos

Alexandra Chando


Protease inhibitor can refer to:
 Protease inhibitor (pharmacology): a class of medication that inhibits viral protease
 Protease inhibitor (biology): molecules that inhibit proteases

Protease inhibitor


مدينة هيغاشيموراياما   هي مدينة تقع في طوكيو، اليابان.

في عام 2003، وصل التعداد السكاني للمدينة إلى 143,737 نسمة والكثافة السكانية 8,371.40 نسمة في الكيلومتر مربع، والمساحة الإجمالية 17.17 كم مربع. تم تأسيس المدينة في الأول من أبريل 1964. من أشهر معالم المدينة هي حديقة هاتشيكوكوياما.

النقل
شركة شرق اليابان للسكك الحديدية
 خطوط القطارات:
 خط موساشينو
 محطات القطارات:
 محطة شين-أكيتسو

شركة سيبو للسكك الحديدية
 خطوط القطارات:
 خط سيبو هاجيما، خط سيبو إيكيبوكورو، خط سيبو كوكوبونجي، خط سيبو سيبو-إن، خط سيبو شينجوكو، خط سيبو تاماكو، خط سيبو ياماغوتشي

تعليم
يوجد مدارس ابتدائية وإعدادية في المدينة. كما أن مجلس تعليم محافظة طوكيو يشرف على مدرستين ثانويتين:
 مدرسة هيغاشيموراياما الثانوية
 مدرسة هيغاشيموراياما الغربية الثانوية

التوأمة
  منذ 1996.
  منذ 2005.
  منذ 1978.

أعلام
 كين شيمورا
 تسوتومو ميورا
 رينا أسامي

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 موقع مدينة هيغاشيموراياما باللغة اليابانية

مدن طوكيو

هيغاشيموراياما (طوكيو)

هيغاشيموراياما (طوكيو)


An Dendrobium macraei in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni John Lindley. An Dendrobium macraei in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dendrobium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dendrobium

Dendrobium macraei


El trepatroncos listado (Lepidocolaptes albolineatus), también denominado trepatronco goteado, trepatroncos amazónico, trepatroncos lineado, trepador lineado  o trepadorcito goteado (en Venezuela), es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Furnariidae, subfamilia Dendrocolaptinae, perteneciente al numeroso género Lepidocolaptes. Es nativa del escudo guayanés en América del Sur.

Distribución y hábitat
Se distribuye en el escudo guayanés y noreste de la cuenca amazónica en el este de Venezuela (Delta Amacuro, noreste de Bolívar), Guyana, Surinam, Guayana francesa y norte de Brasil (al norte del río Amazonas desde los ríos Negro y Branco al este hasta Amapá).

Esta especie es considerada poco común en su hábitat natural: el estrato medio y alto de la selva húmeda de terra firme, hasta los 1000 m de altitud.

Descripción
El macho de trepatroncos listado mide de 17 a 19 cm de longitud y la hembra de 19 a 24 cm, y pesa entre 18 y 20,5 g. Su cabeza es de color marrón con puntos blancuzcos, anteados o canela. Su dorso y cola son de color castaño rojizo rufo. Tiene las partes inferiores marrón con estrías blancas de diseños característicos.

Alimentación

Se alimenta principalmente de insectos y otros artrópodos, como arañas y además en ocasiones caza pequeños vertebrados, como  lagartijas y ranas. Busca alimento en la canopia alta, espigando y picoteando para atrapar las presas.

Sistemática

Descripción original
La especie L. albolineatus fue descrita por primera vez por el naturalista francés Frédéric de Lafresnaye en 1846, bajo el nombre científico «Dendrocolaptes albo-lineatus», su localidad tipo es: «Colombia o México, error = Cayena».

Etimología
El nombre genérico masculino «Lepidocolaptes» se compone de las palabras del griego «λεπις lepis, λεπιδος lepidos»: escama, floco, y «κολαπτης kolaptēs»: picador; significando «picador con escamas»; y el nombre de la especie «albolineatus», se compone de las palabras  del latín «albus»: blanco, y «lineatus»: listado; significando «de listas blancas».

Taxonomía
Es monotípica.

De acuerdo a estudios de filogenia molecular con base en datos de ADN mitocondrial se demostró la existencia de cinco grupos recíprocamente monofiléticos en el complejo Lepidocolaptes albolineatus, cada uno correspondiendo a taxones ya nombrados, excepto uno incluyendo aves al sur de los ríos Amazonas/Solimões y oeste del Madeira a quien se describió como la nueva especie Lepidocolaptes fatimalimae, Rodrigues et al. 2013. La distancia genética incorrecta, par a par, entre estos clados variaba desde 3.4% (entre duidae, fatimalimae, fuscicapillus, y layardi) a 5.8% (entre layardi y albolineatus). Vocalmente, estos cinco clados/taxones moleculares también probaron ser muy distintos, reforzando el argumento a su tratamiento como especies independientes. La Propuesta N° 620 al Comité de Clasificación de Sudamérica (SACC) aprobada en diciembre de 2013, reconoció la nueva especie L. fatimalimae y elevó al rango de especies plenas a las anteriormente subespecies de albolineatus Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus, L. duidae y L. layardi (este último posteriormente considerado una subespecie de L. fuscicapilus).

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Videos, fotos y sonidos de Lepidocolaptes albolineatus en eBird.
 Sonidos y mapa de distribución de Lepidocolaptes albolineatus en xeno-canto.
 Fotos y sonidos de  Lepidocolaptes albolineatus en Wikiaves.

albolineatus
Aves de América del Sur
Taxones descritos por Frédéric de Lafresnaye
Animales descritos en 1846

Lepidocolaptes albolineatus


{{Taxobox
| name =
| image = Albizzia julibrissin in Sevastopol 1.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption =
| regnum = Jurtaríki (Plantae)
| divisio = Dulfrævingar (Magnoliophyta)
| classis = Tvíkímblöðungar (Magnoliopsida)
| ordo = Belgjurtabálkur (Fabales)
| familia = Ertublómaætt (Fabaceae)
| subfamilia = Caesalpinioideae
| genus = Albizia| genus_authority = Durazz. (1772)
| species = A. julibrissin| binomial = Albizia julibrissin
| binomial_authority =  Durazz., 1772 non sensu Baker, 1876
| synonyms = Albizia speciosa Thunb.Albizia nemu (Willd.)Benth.Albizia nemu Willd.
}}Silkitré''' (fræðiheiti Albizia julibrissin'') er tegund lítilla eða meðalstórra trjáa af ertublómaætt. Það er ættað frá Asíu, en hefur breiðst út um heiminn með ræktun. Hún ásamt fleiri tegundum hefur oft verið kölluð Mímósa þó það nafn tilheyri réttilega mímósuættkvísl (Mimosa).

Tilvísanir

Ertublómaætt
Lauftré
Niturbindandi tré og runnar

Silkitré


An Melica dendroides in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Johann Georg Christian Lehmann. An Melica dendroides in nahilalakip ha genus nga Melica, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Melica

Melica dendroides


Summer Bishil,  née le  à Pasadena (Californie), est une actrice américaine. Elle est surtout connue pour son rôle de Margo Hanson dans la série de fantasy The Magicians sur Syfy, dans laquelle elle a joué entre 2015 et 2020.

Elle s'est d'abord fait connaître en jouant le rôle d'une adolescente dans le film Tabou(s) en 2007, pour lequel elle a été nommée pour un Independent Spirit Award de la meilleure actrice. Au cours des années suivantes, elle a eu de petits rôles dans des films comme Le Dernier Maître de l'air (2010) et des séries télévisées comme Beverly Hills : Nouvelle Génération (2011), avant d'être l'actrice principale de l'éphémère série Lucky 7 sur ABC (2013).

Biographie

Jeunesse
Summer Bishil est née à Pasadena, en Californie, et est la benjamine de trois enfants. Sa mère est Mexicano-Américaine et son père est d'origine indienne. En 1991, alors qu'elle avait trois ans, sa famille a déménagé en Arabie saoudite puis à Bahreïn, où Summer Bishil et son frère ont fréquenté des écoles britanniques et américaines.

Les attaques terroristes du 11 septembre 2001 ont incité sa famille à retourner aux États-Unis. Ils ont déménagé dans une communauté mormone à San Diego où elle a fréquenté un lycée public (non confessionnel) pendant une semaine. En raison de la tension post- aux États-Unis, ses camarades de classe ne l'ont pas accueillie avec bienveillance. Elle a déclaré que le retour n'avait pas été facile :  La famille a ensuite déménagé à Arcadia, où la mère de Summer l'a scolarisée à domicile. Elle a suivi des cours au collège communautaire Citrus College de Glendora, dans la banlieue de Los Angeles.

Carrière
Bishil a commencé à prendre des cours de comédie à l'âge de . En l'espace d'un an, elle a signé un contrat avec un manager et une agence artistique. Son premier rôle, dans la série comique passagère  sur Nickelodeon, fut suivi d'apparitions dans plusieurs autres émissions pour enfants.

La percée artistique de Summer Bishil est arrivée avec le rôle principal du film d'Alan Ball, Tabou(s) en 2007, une adaptation du roman Towelhead d'Alicia Erian. Dana Stevens, critique à Slate, a écrit :  Bob Strauss, qui écrit pour plusieurs journaux de Los Angeles, déclare que Bishil  Gary Goldstein, dans une critique du film Tabou(s) parue dans le Los Angeles Times, affirme que

En 2009, elle a tourné dans Droit de passage, film de Wayne Kramer avec Harrison Ford, Ray Liotta et Ashley Judd, une interprétation qui a attiré des commentaires favorables de Jay Reiner d'Associated Press. Elle a été choisie pour incarner Azula dans Le Dernier Maître de l'air de  Shyamalan, en 2010, et devait être l'antagoniste principal du  de la trilogie The Last Airbender au cinéma, planifiée mais jamais produite.

En 2013, Summer Bishil a été choisie pour être Samira, l'un des rôles principaux de l'éphémère série dramatique Lucky 7 sur ABC. À la fin de 2014, elle obtient le rôle de Margo Hanson dans la série de fantasy The Magicians sur Syfy, adaptée de la série de romans Les Magiciens de Lev Grossman, qui s'est terminée après cinq saisons.

Filmographie

Au cinéma
 2007 : Tabou(s) (Towelhead) : Jasira Maroun
 2009 : Droit de passage (Crossing Over) : Taslima Jahangir
 2010 :  : Iman
 2010 : Public Relations (court métrage) : Sara
 2010 : Le Dernier Maître de l'air (The Last Airbender) : Azula
 2013 : La Rançon de la gloire (Lip Service) : Priscilla Santos
 2018 : Under the Silver Lake : l'ex-petite amie de Sam
 À venir : Four Samosas : Rina

Télévision

Séries télévisées
 2005 : Des jours et des vies :  Stacey (1 épisode)
 2006 :  : Stacey (1 épisode)
 2006 : Drake et Josh : Tabitha (1 épisode)
 2006 : Hannah Montana : Rachel (1 épisode)
 2009 : Three Rivers : Karen Rollins (1 épisode)
 2010 : The Whole Truth : Michelle Penner (1 épisode)
 2011 : Beverly Hills : Nouvelle Génération : Leila Shirazi (4 épisodes)
 2013–2014 : Lucky 7 : Samira Lashari (8 épisodes)
 2014 : New York, unité spéciale : Heba Salim (1 épisode)
 2015 : iZombie : Eliza Marquette (1 épisode)
 2015–2020 : The Magicians : Margo Hanson (65 épisodes)

Téléfilms

 2006 : Les Sorcières d'Halloween 4 (Return to Halloweentown) : Aneesa le génie
 2013 : Tempête à Las Vegas : Serena

Voix francophones
Summer Bishil est doublée en version française par :
 Fily Keita dans Les Sorcières d'Halloween 4
 Karine Foviau dans Droit de passage
 Joséphine Ropion dans 90210 Beverly Hills : Nouvelle Génération et The Magicians

En version québécoise, par :
 Sarah-Jeanne Labrosse dans Tabou(s)
 Émilie Bibeau dans Droit de passage

Distinctions

Liens externes

Notes et références

Citations originales

Références

Naissance en juillet 1988
Naissance à Pasadena
Actrice américaine du XXIe siècle
Enfant acteur américain
Actrice américaine de cinéma
Actrice américaine de télévision

Summer Bishil


Der Langdolmen Stenbjerggård (auch Ellested oder Lindeskov genannt) liegt nördlich der Straße von Ellested nach Ørbæk auf der dänischen Insel Fünen. Es ist einer der am besten erhaltenen Langdolmen und mit seinen fünf Kammern (den meisten in einem Hünenbett vereinten) einer der bekanntesten in Dänemark.

Der noch von vielen Randsteinen gefasste einen Meter hohe Hügel, ist etwa 29,0 m lang und 10,0 m breit. Er wurde 1939 restauriert. Die Kammern sind Rechteckdolmen bzw. Polygonaldolmen ohne erhaltene Gänge. Neolithische Monumente sind Ausdruck der Kultur und Ideologie neolithischer Gesellschaften. Ihre Entstehung und Funktion gelten als Kennzeichen der sozialen Entwicklung.

Das Großsteingrab stammt aus der Jungsteinzeit etwa 3500–2800 v. Chr. und ist eine Megalithanlage der Trichterbecherkultur (TBK).

Siehe auch
 Nordische Megalitharchitektur
 Großsteingräber in Dänemark

Literatur
 Karsten Kjer Michaelsen: Fortidsminder på Fyn. Fantasiens trædesten. Odense Bys Museer, Odense 2003, ISBN 87-7838-853-8 S. 161
 Ingrid Falktoft Anderson: Vejviser til Danmarks oldtid. 2. Auflage. Gads Forlag, Århus 1994, ISBN 87-89531-10-8.
 Klaus Ebbesen: Danmarks megalitgrave. Band 2: Katalog. Attika, Kopenhagen 2008, ISBN 978-87-7528-731-4 Nr. 2898

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Kurzbeschreibung und Bilder

Großsteingrab in der Region Syddanmark
Nordgruppe der Trichterbecherkultur
Langdolmen
Dolmen
Geschichte (Fünen)
Geographie (Nyborg Kommune)
Grabbau in Europa
Archäologischer Fundplatz in Europa

Langdolmen Stenbjerggård


Der San Antonio Scorpions Football Club war ein US-amerikanisches Fußball-Franchise der North American Soccer League aus San Antonio, Texas. Das Franchise wurde 2010 gegründet und spielte von 2012 bis 2015 in der NASL.

Das Franchise unterschied sich von seinen finanziellen Aktivitäten zu den meisten anderen Sportklubs in den USA. Jeglicher Gewinn ging an den Vergnügungspark Morgan's Wonderland. Dieser richtet sich besonders an Menschen mit Behinderungen und befindet sich in der Nähe des Toyota Parks in San Antonio.

Geschichte
Am 4. Oktober 2010 gab die NASL bekannt, dass ein Expansion Team aus San Antonio zur Saison 2012 in die Liga eintreten wird. Die Eigentümergruppe des neuen Franchises wird von dem Geschäftsmann Gordon Hartman geleitet.

Auf einer Pressekonferenz am 10. Januar 2011 wurden der Teamname und das Logo bekannt gegeben.

Erste Saison
Das erste Spiel in der NASL der Scorpions fand am 7. April 2012 statt. Gegen die Atlanta Silverbacks erreichte die Mannschaft ein 0:0. Unter dem Trainer Tim Hankinson erreichte die Mannschaft den ersten Platz in der Regular Season am Ende der Saison. In den anschließenden Play-offs musste man sich allerdings den Minnesota Stars FC nach Hin- und Rückspiel mit 2:1 geschlagen geben.

Im US Open Cup 2012 sorgten die Scorpions in der dritten Runde für eine kleine Sensation, als man den Major-League-Soccer-Klub Houston Dynamo mit 1:0 besiegen konnte. Allerdings schied man schon in der folgenden Runde gegen die Charlotte Eagles nach Verlängerung aus.

Entwicklung seit 2013
Zur Saison 2013 änderte sich das Austragungssystem der NASL. Es wurde eine Saison im Frühling (Spring Season) und eine Saison im Herbst (Fall Season) ausgetragen. Die anschließenden Play-offs trugen die Sieger der jeweiligen Spielzeiten aus. Im Frühling erreichten die Scorpions einen dritten Platz. Allerdings konnte man im Herbst nur 3 Siege aus 14 Spielen erreichen, somit stand die Mannschaft auf dem 8. und letzten Platz in der Saison. Auch eine Entlassung des bisherigen Trainers Hankinson konnte hier keine Besserung bringen. Der ehemalige kanadische Fußballspieler Alen Marcina wurde am 27. August 2013 neuer Trainer der Scorpions.

Im US Open Cup 2013 musste man sich in der zweiten Runde dem USL PDL-Klub FC Tucson geschlagen geben.

2014 wechselte der ehemalige kolumbianische Nationalspieler Rafael Arlex Castillo nach San Antonio. Castillo erzielte in der Spring und Fall Season insgesamt 9 Tore für die Scorpions und war damit der erfolgreichste Torschütze der Mannschaft. In der Spring Season erreichten die Texaner einen dritten Platz, wie schon im Vorjahr. Die Fall Season konnte man nach 11 Siegen mit dem ersten Platz beenden. Damit qualifizierte sich die Mannschaft zum zweiten Mal nach 2012 wieder für die Play-offs. Nach einem Sieg gegen New York Cosmos am 8. November 2014 stand der FC im Soccer Bowl 2014, dem Finale der NASL Play-offs. Gegner waren am 15. November 2014 die Fort Lauderdale Strikers. Die Scorpions siegten mit 2:1 und wurden damit zum ersten Mal Soccer Bowl Sieger.

Stadion
 Heroes Stadium (2012)
 Blossom Stadium (2012) 1 Spiel im US Open Cup
 Toyota Field (2013-)

In der ersten Saison bestritt die Mannschaft im Heroes Stadium ihre Heimspiele. Der sonst als Football-Stadion genutzte Platz untersteht dem North East Independent School District und beherbergt sonst diverse High-School-Mannschaften aus diesem Bezirk.

Seit 2013 werden die Heimspiele im Toyota Field ausgetragen. Das Stadion fasst 8296 Zuschauer und wurde am 13. April 2013 eröffnet. Es gehört zu der Sports Outdoor and Recreation Organisation, die als Non-Profit-Gesellschaft durch Gordon Hartman gegründet wurde. Der in der Nähe befindliche STAR Soccer Complex, ein Sportgelände mit 13 Fußballplätzen, gehört ebenfalls dazu. Hier findet in der Regel auch das Training der Mannschaft statt.

Des Weiteren ist es möglich, das Toyota Field auf 18.500 Zuschauer zu erweitern, sollte das Franchise den Eintritt in die Major League Soccer erlangen.

Organisation

Eigentümer
Besitzer des Franchises ist der aus San Antonio stammende Geschäftsmann und Philanthrop Gordon Hartman. Er ist der Gründer der Gordon Hartman Family Foundation und setzt sich damit für Menschen mit Behinderungen ein. Auch entwickelte er den Vergnügungspark Morgan's Wonderland für behinderte und nicht-behinderte Menschen. Hartmann war bis 2005 Besitzer verschiedener Firmen, welche aus dem Bereich Immobilien und Hausbau stammen.

Sponsoren
Haupt- und Trikotsponsor ist Toyota.

Fangruppierungen
Die San Antonio Scorpions haben zwei große Fangruppen. Die größte sind die Crocketteers, welche im März 2009 gegründet wurden. Am Anfang ging es darum, zu zeigen, dass es in San Antonio viele fußballbegeisterte Menschen gibt und somit eine Fanbasis für eine zukünftige Profifußballmannschaft aus der Stadt geschaffen ist. Mit der Gründung der Scorpions 2010 und dem Eintritt in die NASL 2012 stieg die Mitgliederzahl von anfangs 80 auf mittlerweile 1295 an.

Die andere Gruppe, die C.F.F. (Casual Football Firm), gründete sich 2011 nach der Gründung der Scorpions.

Jugend
Die San Antonio Scorpions sind Mitglied und Standort der U.S. Soccer Development Academy. Diese wurde 2007 durch die USSF gegründet und ist auf mehrere Standorte in den Vereinigten Staaten verteilt.

Bei den Scorpions werden hier werden die Jahrgänge U13 bis U18 betreut. Es gibt eine U14-, eine U16- und eine U18-Mannschaft. Diese spielen gegen andere Jugendmannschaften innerhalb einer eigenen Liga, welche von U.S. Soccer beaufsichtigt wird.

Die einzelnen Mannschaften werden von den Assistenztrainer der ersten Mannschaften betreut.

Spieler und Mitarbeiter

Aktueller Kader
Stand: 12. November 2014

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Trainerstab
 Alen Marcina – Trainer
Der ehemalige Fußballspieler spielte von 2002 bis 2009 aktiv und ist seit 2013 Trainer der Mannschaft. Während seiner aktiven Zeit spielte er für Klubs in Kanada, Griechenland, Deutschland, Dänemark, Puerto Rico, Neuseeland und den USA.
 Nick Evans – Assistenztrainer
Evans begann seine Karriere als Fußballspieler im Alter von 16 Jahren bei Shrewsbury Town. Anschließend spielte er für Mannschaften aus der Welsh Premier League. Er beendete früh seine Fußballkarriere und wechselte ans College nach San Antonio. Dort spielte er weiter Fußball und machte seinen Abschluss. Auch in Wales erhielt er einen Universitätsabschluss in Sportwissenschaften.
 Oscar Munoz – Assistenztrainer
Der ehemalige kolumbianische Nationalspieler spielte 14 Jahre lang in der kolumbianischen Liga Fußball. Er ist seit über 17 Jahren Trainer im Jugendbereich in Texas.
 Juan Lamadrid – Torwarttrainer
Lamadrid war bis 1996 aktiver Fußballspieler in Mexiko, die meiste Zeit in der zweiten Liga. Nach seinem Karriereende war Trainer an dem Los Angeles Valley College und später dann an der CD Chivas USA San Bernardino Academy. Seit 2012 ist er Torwarttrainer bei den Scorpions.

Erfolge
 North American Soccer League
 Fall Season Gewinner: 2014
 Woosnam Cup: 2012
 Soccer Bowl: 2014

Statistiken

Saisonbilanz

Zuschauerstatistik

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Offizielle Seite

Ehemaliges US-amerikanisches Fußball-Franchise
Scorpions
Gegründet 2010
Aufgelöst 2015

San Antonio Scorpions


Reinhold Schöller (* 27. Februar 1922) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Fußballspieler.

Der Angreifer wechselte vom SV Tailfingen zum SSV Reutlingen 05. Mit dem SSV trat Reinhold Schöller nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg zunächst in der Oberliga Südwest an. In der Oberligaspielzeit 1949/50 wurde Schöller mit den Reutlingern Staffelmeister in der Gruppe Süd der Oberliga Südwest und außerdem südwestdeutscher Vizemeister nach einer Endspielniederlage in der anschließenden südwestdeutschen Meisterschaftsendrunde gegen den 1. FC Kaiserslautern. Als Schöller im Achtelfinale der Endrunde um die deutsche Meisterschaft 1950 für den SSV Reutlingen gegen Preußen Dellbrück im Einsatz war, verpasste er mit dem SSV den Einzug in das Viertelfinale durch eine 0:1-Niederlage in der Verlängerung. Wegen eines Verbandswechsels seiner Reutlinger spielte Schöller in der Saison 1950/51 in der vom Regionalverband Süd betriebenen Oberliga. Trotz sieben Saisontoren in 31 Spielen von Reinhold Schöller in der Oberliga Süd in dieser Spielzeit stieg der SSV Reutlingen in die II. Division ab.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Fußballspieler (SSV Reutlingen 05)
Deutscher
Geboren 1922
Mann

Reinhold Schöller


Jakob Steiner (18 March 1796 – 1 April 1863) was a Swiss mathematician who worked primarily in geometry.

Life

Steiner was born in the village of Utzenstorf, Canton of Bern. At 18, he became a pupil of Heinrich Pestalozzi and afterwards studied at Heidelberg. Then, he went to Berlin, earning a livelihood there, as in Heidelberg, by tutoring. Here he became acquainted with A. L. Crelle, who, encouraged by his ability and by that of Niels Henrik Abel, then also staying at Berlin, founded his famous Journal (1826).

After Steiner's publication (1832) of his Systematische Entwickelungen he received, through Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi, who was then professor at Königsberg University, and earned an honorary degree there; and through the influence of Jacobi and of the brothers Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt a new chair of geometry was founded for him at Berlin (1834). This he occupied until his death in Bern on 1 April 1863.

He was described by Thomas Hirst as follows:
 "He is a middle-aged man, of pretty stout proportions, has a long intellectual face, with beard and moustache and a fine prominent forehead, hair dark rather inclining to turn grey. The first thing that strikes you on his face is a dash of care and anxiety, almost pain, as if arising from physical suffering—he has rheumatism. He never prepares his lectures beforehand. He thus often stumbles or fails to prove what he wishes at the moment, and at every such failure he is sure to make some characteristic remark."

Mathematical contributions

Steiner's mathematical work was mainly confined to geometry. This he treated synthetically, to the total exclusion of analysis, which he hated, and he is said to have considered it a disgrace to synthetic geometry if equal or higher results were obtained by analytical geometry methods. In his own field he surpassed all his contemporaries. His investigations are distinguished by their great generality, by the fertility of his resources, and by the rigour in his proofs. He has been considered the greatest pure geometer since Apollonius of Perga.

In his Systematische Entwickelung der Abhängigkeit geometrischer Gestalten von einander he laid the foundation of modern synthetic geometry. In projective geometry even parallel lines have a point in common: a point at infinity. Thus two points determine a line and two  lines determine a point. The symmetry of point and line  is expressed as projective duality. Starting with perspectivities, the transformations of projective geometry are formed by composition, producing projectivities. Steiner identified sets preserved  by projectivities such as a projective range and pencils. He is particularly remembered for his approach to a conic section by way of projectivity called the Steiner conic.

In a second little volume, Die geometrischen Constructionen ausgeführt mittels der geraden Linie und eines festen Kreises (1833), republished in 1895 by Ottingen, he shows, what had been already suggested by J. V. Poncelet, how all problems of the second order can be solved by aid of the straight edge alone without the use of compasses, as soon as one circle is given on the drawing-paper. He also wrote "Vorlesungen über synthetische Geometrie", published posthumously at Leipzig by C. F. Geiser and H. Schroeter in 1867; a third edition by R. Sturm was published in 1887–1898.

Other geometric results by Steiner include development of a formula for the partitioning of space by planes (the maximal number of parts created by n planes), several theorems about the famous Steiner's chain of tangential circles, and a proof of the isoperimetric theorem (later a flaw was found in the proof, but was corrected by Weierstrass).

The rest of Steiner's writings are found in numerous papers mostly published in Crelle's Journal, the first volume of which contains his first four papers. The most important are those relating to algebraic curves and surfaces, especially the short paper Allgemeine Eigenschaften algebraischer Curven. This contains only results, and there is no indication of the method by which they were obtained, so that, according to L. O. Hosse, they are, like Fermat's theorems, riddles to the present and future generations. Eminent analysts succeeded in proving some of the theorems, but it was reserved to Luigi Cremona to prove them all, and that by a uniform synthetic method, in his book on algebraic curves.

Other important investigations relate to maxima and minima. Starting from simple elementary propositions, Steiner advances to the solution of problems which analytically require the calculus of variations, but which at the time altogether surpassed the powers of that calculus. Connected with this is the paper Vom Krümmungsschwerpuncte ebener Curven, which contains numerous properties of pedals and roulettes, especially of their areas.

Steiner also made a small but important contribution to combinatorics. In 1853, Steiner published a two pages article in Crelle's Journal on what nowadays is called Steiner systems, a basic kind of block design.

His oldest papers and manuscripts (1823-1826) were published by his admirer Fritz Bützberger on the request of the Bernese Society for Natural Scientists.

See also

Arrangement of lines
Malfatti circles
Miquel and Steiner's quadrilateral theorem
Minkowski–Steiner formula
Mixed volume
Power of a point theorem
Steiner curve
Steiner symmetrization
Steiner system
Steiner surface
Steiner conic
Steiner's conic problem
Steiner's problem
Steiner tree
Steiner chain
Poncelet–Steiner theorem
Parallel axes rule
Steiner–Lehmus theorem
Steiner inellipse
Steinerian
Steiner point (computational geometry)
Steiner point (triangle)

Notes

References
 Viktor Blåsjö (2009) "Jakob Steiner's Systematische Entwickelung: The Culmination of Classical Geometry", Mathematical Intelligencer 31(1): 21–9.

External links
Steiner, J. (1796-1863)

Jacob Steiner's work on the Isoperimetric Problem at Convergence (by Jennifer Wiegert)

1796 births
1863 deaths
People from Emmental District
19th-century Swiss mathematicians
Geometers

Jakob Steiner


ݣيݣو هي قرية امازغية مغربية بإقليم بولمان، جنوبي مدينة فاس. تضم هذه البلدة 21.607 ساكنا حسب إحصاء 2014.
تمتلك اراضي خصبة صالحة للزراعة وتالت أكبر بحيرة في المغرب وتملك وادي الميس كيكو الدي يعتبر من أكبر الوديان الذي يصب في واد سبو المغرب و تتميز بزراعة البطاطس و البصل بالإضافة لتربية الغنم.

دواوير الجماعة
 آيت فريكو
 اعوين
 آيت حمزة
 دوار اعرابن
 تغزوت
 بن داود
 آيت تلت
 آيت خباش
 آيت بسري
 آيت حسان
 آيت عبد المولاى
 آيت بيلول
 آيت الميس
 آيت سعيد
 آوحدو

مصادر

أماكن مأهولة في إقليم بولمان
جماعات قروية في المغرب
جماعات قروية في إقليم بولمان
جماعات قروية في جهة فاس مكناس

كيكو


Die Mymarommatidae sind eine eigentümliche Familie winziger Hautflügler, vermutlich mit parasitoider Lebensweise in Insekteneiern. Vilhelmsen und Krogmann nannten sie "möglicherweise das rätselhafteste Taxon der Wespen". Die etwa 15 beschriebenen Arten sind weltweit verbreitet. Etwa genauso viele Arten sind als Fossilien in Bernstein gefunden worden.

Beschreibung
Mymarommatidae sind winzige Wespen zwischen 0,3 und 0,8 Millimetern Körperlänge. Sie sind durch eine ganze Reihe morphologischer Eigentümlichkeiten unverwechselbar. Die Kopfkapsel der Tiere besteht aus zwei getrennten Teilen, die durch eine membranöse Unterbrechung hinter den Mandibeln getrennt sind. Der hintere Teil bildet eine senkrecht stehende Platte, der vordere Teil mit den Augen ist halbkugelförmig. Beide Teile können wie eine Ziehharmonika auseinandergezogen, oder ineinander geschoben werden. Letzteres ist aber möglicherweise ein Artefakt, das nur an toten Tieren auftritt. Die Mandibeln der Tiere sind auf der Außenseite gezähnt, sie klaffen so weit auseinander, dass sie im Leben nicht geschlossen werden können. Die übrigen Mundwerkzeuge sind rudimentär und funktionslos. Man nimmt an, dass diese Strukturen dem lebenden Tier dazu dienen, sich aus der Eihülle zu befreien. Durch den aufgeblähten Kopf würden die Mandibeln fest auf die Hülle gepresst, die sie so aufschneiden könnten. Am Kopf sitzen außerdem Komplexaugen aus fünf bis etwa 55 relativ großen Ommatidien, Punktaugen (Ocellen) können vorhanden sein oder fehlen. Die Fühler sind gekniet (hinter dem langen Basalglied abgeknickt) und beim Weibchen zur Spitze hin deutlich verbreitert (gekeult). Sie bestehen beim Weibchen aus neun bis elf, beim Männchen aus zwölf oder dreizehn Segmenten. Am Mittelabschnitt (Mesosoma) ist das Pronotum verkürzt und von oben nicht sichtbar. Auch das Metanotum ist verkleinert. Die seitlichen Abschnitte des Mittelsegments, das Metanotum und das Propodeum sind zu einer kompakten Struktur verschmolzen. Die Vorderflügel sind oval geformt und deutlich gestielt, sie sind von kurzen Haaren (Mikrotricha) bedeckt. Sie weisen anscheinend keine Adern auf. Bei genauer Betrachtung sind im stielförmigen Basalabschnitt allerdings Verstärkungen sichtbar, die sich mit etwas Phantasie mit dem typischen Flügelgeäder der Chalcidoidea (Erzwespen) homologisieren lassen. Die Hinterflügel sind rudimentär und winzig, sie bestehen nur aus einem schmalen und kurzen Lappen, der am Ende zwei kneifzangenartig angeordnete Borsten aufweist. Damit sind sie am lebenden Tier mit den Vorderflügeln fest verbunden. Auffallend ist, das die Membran der Flügel nicht durchgängig ist, sondern bei mikroskopischer Betrachtung eine deutlich genetzte Struktur aufweist, eine solche Bildungsweise ist innerhalb der Hautflügler einmalig. Die Beine weisen, wie bei den Legimmen weit verbreitet, einen zweigeteilten Schenkelring (Trochanter), also ein scheinbar zusätzliches Beinglied, den Trochantellus, auf. Die Sporne an den Schienen (Tibien) sind auf einen einzigen an den Vordertibien reduziert. Bei den Mymarommatidae sitzt der freie Hinterleib am Mesosoma mit einem Stielchen (Petiolus) an, der deutlich erkennbar aus zwei Segmenten besteht. Diese Bildungsweise ist bei den (rezenten) Hautflüglern ebenfalls einzigartig. Der restliche freie Hinterleib (oder Gaster) ist von großen und glatten Tergiten und Sterniten bedeckt, die schuppenförmig übereinander greifen. Er besteht aus sechs Segmenten. Der Legebohrer (Ovipositor) der Weibchen ist in Ruhelage im Hinterleib verborgen. Bei Benutzung wird die Hinterleibsspitze vermutlich abgespreizt und der Ovipositor gedreht, er wird dann nicht nach hinten, sondern auf der Bauchseite eingesetzt.

Verbreitung
Die Familie ist weltweit verbreitet. Nachweise liegen auch von isolierten ozeanischen Inseln, darunter die Hawaii-Inseln und verschiedene subantarktische Inselgruppen, vor. In Europa ist nur eine Art bekannt: Mymaromma anomala. Die Art wurde auch in Deutschland gefunden.

Lebensweise
Die Lebensweise der Mymarommatidae ist unbekannt. Von keiner Art liegen irgendwelche Beobachtungen an lebenden Tieren oder Nachweise von Entwicklungsstadien vor. Dies ist in Anbetracht der Größe der Tiere vielleicht nicht überraschend. Alle Bearbeiter vermuten allerdings, dass sie sich als Parasitoide im Inneren von Insekteneiern entwickeln. Einige Forscher versuchen in einer Art Indizienbeweis nahezulegen, dass die wahrscheinlichsten Wirte Eier von Staubläusen (Psocoptera) sind. Die Wespen werden im Sommerhalbjahr gefunden, die lange Beobachtungszeit legt die Existenz mehrerer Generationen nahe. Die zumindest anfänglich sehr seltene Funddichte ist sicherlich zu großen Teilen methodisch bedingt. Die besten Nachweise werden mit Gelbschalenfängen erzielt, danach ist sogar eine Art benannt worden (Mymaromma ypt, von engl. yellow pan trap).

Systematik
Die Mymarommatidae werden aufgrund der zahlreichen morphologischen Eigentümlichkeiten in einer eigenen Überfamilie, den Mymarommatoidea, geführt. Die ersten Bearbeiter und Entdecker vermuteten, dass die Tiere zu den Mymaridae (Zwergwespen), einer weiteren Familie winziger Hautflügler, gehören, die Insekteneier parasitieren. Dies hat sich nicht bestätigt. Die Überfamilie gehört zu einer Entwicklungslinie der Hautflügler, die überwiegend Arten mit sehr geringer Körpergröße umfasst, den Proctotrupomorpha. Diese auch als "Mikrohymenopteren" zusammengefassten Gruppen sind sehr artenreich, aber extrem schlecht erforscht. Schwestergruppe der Mymarommatoidea sind höchstwahrscheinlich die Erzwespen (Chalcidoidea). Diese Gruppierung wurde aufgrund morphologischer Merkmale aufgestellt, sie wird auch durch molekulare Studien gestützt.

Die Taxonomie der Mymarommatidae war bis zur Monographie von Gibson et al. verworren. Alle rezenten Arten wurden in die Gattung Palaeomymar einsortiert, die aufgrund einer fossilen Art aufgestellt wurde.

Heute sind folgende Gattungen anerkannt:
Mymaromma,
Mymaromella,
Zealoromma, 2 Arten aus Neuseeland

Fossilbeleg
Fossile Mymarommatidae liegen relativ zahlreich vor, ausschließlich als Einschlüsse (Inklusen) in Bernstein. Nachweise gibt es aus nahezu allen bedeutsamen Bernsteinlagerstätten. Viele Funde wurden erst nach 2000 publiziert. Die Familie existiert mindestens seit der Kreide. Einige der kreidezeitlichen Funde werden einer ausgestorbenen zweiten Familie zugeordnet (Gattung Galloromma, Familie Gallorommatidae). Problematisch ist die Stellung zu den Serphitidae, einer ebenfalls ausgestorbenen Familie. Die Serphitidae waren meist erheblich größer mit reichem Flügelgeäder, als einzige weitere Gruppe wiesen aber auch sie einen zweisegmentigen Petiolus auf. Während frühere Bearbeiter einen Zusammenhang für sehr spekulativ hielten und dieses Merkmal als mögliche Homoplasie ansahen, sind inzwischen Fossilien gefunden worden, die sich gut als mögliche Übergangsformen interpretieren lassen. Möglicherweise sind die Serphitidae damit die Stammgruppe der Mymarommatidae. Sollte sich dies bestätigen, müsste die dann gemeinsame Überfamilie aus Prioritätsgründen Serphitoidea genannt werden.

Belege

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
Gary A P Gibson, Jennifer Read, John T Huber (2007): Diversity, Classification and Higher Relationships of Mymarommatoidea (Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 16: 51-146. download (PDF; 27 MB)

Taillenwespen
Apocrita

Mymarommatidae


Margra barna mæður eru sjónvarpsþættir frá 2015 á Stöð 2 í umsjón Sigrúnar Óskar Kristjánsdóttur. Í þeim heimsækir Sigrún mæður sem hafa eignast mörg börn, ræðir við þær um það og fylgist með daglegu lífi á heimilinu. Tvær þáttaraðir voru gerðar og var sú fyrri sýnd árið 2015, en seinni árið 2018.

Sjónvarpsþættir

Margra barna mæður


La maison Godin est une maison classée située dans le centre historique de la ville de Verviers en Belgique (province de Liège).

Localisation
Cette maison est située au 80 de la rue des Raines, une voie de la partie basse et du centre de Verviers. Cette rue est riche en demeures anciennes. La maison Lambrette se trouve à proximité.

Historique
La demeure a été construite au début du  par la famille Godin à l'emplacement d'une propriété que possédait la famille Laurenty au . Parmi les nombreux autres immeubles classés de la rue, la maison Godin est l'une des plus récentes.

Description
La façade possède quatre travées et trois niveaux (deux étages). Le soubassement est réalisé en pierre calcaire et le reste de la façade est en brique. La porte d'entrée à double battant et baie d'imposte se trouve sur la troisième travée. Les encadrements des baies se caractérisent par l'emploi de carrés et de rectangles de pierre de taille aux linteaux et aux allèges. Les extrémités de la façade sont bordées de pilastres à refends. Les niveaux sont délimités par un bandeau mouluré en pierre calcaire.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste du patrimoine immobilier classé de Verviers
 Maison Vivroux
 Maison Cornet
 Maison des Amis de la Fagne
 Maison Moulan

Patrimoine du XIXe siècle
Patrimoine classé à Verviers
Godin
Bâtiment à Verviers

Maison Godin


Sharda Rajan Iyengar o simplemente Sharda (25 de octubre en Tamil Nadu), es una cantante india de playback o de reproducción. Entre sus canciones más conocidas son "Baat Zara Hai Aapas Ki" en la película "Jahan Pyar Miley" (1970), también interpretó otra canción titulada "Titli Udi" de la película "Suraj" (1966). Además ella ha lanzado un álbum titulado "Andaaz - e - Bayan Aur", con sus propias composiciones basadas en las gazales de Mirza Ghalib, una forma musical de Turquía.

Biografía
Sharda pertenecía a una familia de brahmanes conservadores en Tamil Nadu, sentía atracción por la música desde la infancia. Tiene una distinción de grada de BA.

Carrera
A temprana edad empezó su carrera artística, a Sharda se le ofreció una prueba de voz didrigida por Showman Raj Kapoor, fue la primera vez que se la escuchó cantar en una función en la residencia de Shrichand Ahuja en Teherán, Irán. Obtuvo su primer gran éxito en Bollywood con la canción titulada "Titli Udi" en Suraj (1966). Fue promovida por Shankar del miembro del dúo Shankar Jaikishan.

Canciones populares
 "Titli udi" (Suraj)
 "Jaan e Chaman" (Gumnaam) - con Mohammad Rafi.
 "Leja Leja mera dil" (An Evening In Paris).
 "Chale jana zara" (Around the World) - con Mukesh.
 "Tum Pyar se dekho" (Sapno Ka Saudagar) - con Mukesh.
 "Woh Pari kahan se" (Pehchan) - con Mukesh y Suman Kalyanpur.
 "Kisike dil ko" (Kal Aaj Aur Kal)
 "Jab bhi yeh dil udaas" (Seema) - con Mohammad Rafi.
 "Aap ki Rai Mere Baare Mein" (Elaan) - con Mohammad Rafi.
 "Jane Anjane Yahan" (Jane Anjane)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial

Personas de Tamil Nadu
Cantantes de playback de India
Ganadores del premio Filmfare

Sharda Rajan Iyengar


Østtimor deltog ved Sommer-OL 2004 i Athen som blev arrangeret i perioden 13. august til 29. august 2004.

Medaljer

Lande ved sommer-OL 2004
2004

Østtimor ved sommer-OL 2004


Magley veya Maglaya (, , Maglay diye okunur), Bosna-Hersek'in kuzeyinde yer alan şehir. Zenica-Doboj Kantonu'na bağlıdır. Maglaj şehri Bosna Savaşı sırasında Sırp milislerin eline geçmemiştir. Çünkü burada yoğun olarak Müslümanlar yaşamaktadır.

Dış bağlantılar
 maglaj.net
 www.maglaj.co.ba

Bosna-Hersek'teki şehirler
Zenica-Doboj Kantonu

Maglaj


El cerquero cabecilistado (Arremon torquatus), también denominado matorralero cejiblanco, cerquero vientre blanco y gorrión montés listado, es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Passerellidae.

Distribución y hábitat
Se extiende por los bosques de los Andes de Perú, Bolivia y el noroeste de Argentina.

Por lo general es común en los bosques, sobre todo en altitudes de 2.000 a 3.000 metros (6.600 a 9.800 pies), pero localmente se produce en niveles bajos.

Taxonomía

El cerquero cabecilistado estuvo clasificado en el género Buarremon. Hasta 2010 esta especie incluía muchas subespecies extendiéndose por todos los Andes y montañas de América Central, que se excindieron en varias especies:

 Arremon torquatus (con las subespecies fimbriatus y borelli) en los Andes del noroeste de Argentina al extremo sur de Perú.
 Arremon atricapillus (con la subespecie tacarcunae).
 Arremon assimilis (con las subespecies larensis, nigrifrons y poliophrys) en los Andes de Perú a Venezuela.
 Arremon perijanus (monotípico) en las montañas de Perijá en la frontera de Colombia y Venezuela.
 Arremon basilicus (monotípico) en las montañas de Santa Marta en Colombia.
 Arremon phaeopleurus (monotípico) en la Cordillera de la Costa occidental de Venezuela.
 Arremon phygas (monotípico) en la Cordillera de la Costa oriental de Venezuela.

Referencias

torquatus
Aves de América del Sur
Aves de los Andes
Animales descritos en 1837
Taxones descritos por Frédéric de Lafresnaye
Taxones descritos por Alcide d'Orbigny

Arremon torquatus


Suis-je un meurtrier ? est le titre du journal tenu par Calel Perechodnik, policier juif du ghetto d'Otwock, pendant l'année 1943, publié pour la première fois en 1993.

Auteur
Calel Perechodnik, formé à l'agronomie en France, membre du groupe sioniste Betar et patriote polonais, signe en , à , un contrat d'engagement auprès de la police juive du ghetto d'Otwock, au sud-est de Varsovie. Il contribue en  au rassemblement de  du ghetto, préalable à leur déportation et extermination. Convaincu que sa famille serait épargnée, il doit cependant assister au départ de sa femme Anka et de sa fille Alinka, âgée de , vers le centre d'extermination de Treblinka. Déporté lui-même dans un camp de travail, il parvient à se cacher avec sa mère dans un appartement du quartier polonais de Varsovie, à partir de  ; il meurt dans des circonstances incertaines en .

Composition
Calel Perechodnik intitule son journal Histoire d'une famille juive pendant l'occupation allemande. La première entrée est datée du , la dernière du .

L'auteur parvient à transmettre son texte à un ami polonais, Władysław Błaźewski, qui le remet après-guerre à son frère rescapé, qui réside en Israël.

Éditions

 .
 .
 .
 .
.

La découverte d'une copie authentique du manuscrit conservée à Jérusalem jette un doute sur la complète authenticité de l'exemplaire conservé à l'Institut historique juif de Varsovie (l'actuel Institut Emanuel Ringenblum), d'abord reconnu pendant des décennies comme la seule version survivante des mémoires, et qui a inspiré les premières éditions du journal. Une nouvelle édition reflète plus fidèlement le texte original. La controverse met en lumière les défis de l'édition et de l'utilisation des journaux intimes et des mémoires.

Recensions et critiques
Antoine de Gaudemar estime que l'ouvrage est une . Pour Bertrand Leclair, il s'agit .

L'historienne Annette Wieviorka, réfléchissant au point de vue de l'historien sur les témoignages, indique que la plupart des témoins écrivent à partir de 1942,  .

Notes et références

Littérature de la Shoah
Livre paru en 1993
Œuvre littéraire posthume
Mémoire de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Mémoire du monde

Suis-je un meurtrier ?


Kraljevstvo Slavena skraćeno je ime djela benediktinskog i povjesničara Mavra Orbinija. Puno ime djela Kraljevstva Slavena danas se ponekad pogrešno naziva Sklavoni (l Regno delle Slavi hoggi corottamente detti Schiavoni). Djelo je objavljeno u Pesaru 1601.

Kraljevstvo Slavena napisano je u duhu kasne renesanse i humanizma. Rad daje povijest Slaveni kao jedinstvenu idealiziranu naciju kao cjelinu s opisima junaštva, hrabrosti i iskorištavanja pojedinaca i skupina, od davnina do pisca. Govorimo o nekoj vrsti slave za Slavene.

Orbini je koristio eksponate, na nekim mjestima do danas nije postignut, a bez obzira na to što ponekad nema dovoljno materijala, djelo predstavlja značajan povijesni rad. Preživio je mnogo citata, ponovnih preuzimanja, prijevoda dijelova i pododjeljaka, kritike, nesporazuma i eventualno priznanja. Izuzetno je važno za povijest srednjovjekovne euroazije. Kraljevstvo Slavena 1603. godine bilo je na popisu zabranjenih knjiga, a razlozi su bili uporaba zabranjenih autora i njihovih djela.

Rad je preživio, a tri glavna prijevoda i publikacije s komentarima na Balkanu: Njemačka, Beograd i Zagreb. Beogradsko pitanje iz 1968. s prijevodom Zdravka Sundricha i komentara Sime Tsirković, te u Zagrebu 1999. godine s prijevodom Snejana Khuzhich i uvodnim istraživanjem Franje Saneka.

Rad je preveden i objavljen na ruskom po nalogu Petra I. odmah nakon proglašenja carem 1721.

Izvori

 Slaveni

Kraljevstvo Slavena


2000 වර්ෂයේ මාර්තු මස සුජිත් රත්නායක ඇතුළු හතර දෙනෙකු හැටියට ලයනල් වෙන්ඩ්ට් කලාගාරයේදී පැවැත් වූ ප්‍රදර්ශනයෙන් මුල් වරට ප්‍රදර්ශනය කළ ඔහුගේ  පුරහල බෝම්බය කෘතිය දෙවැනි වර නැවත එම අවුරුද්දේම ජූලි මස  වෙනත් 15 දෙනෙකු සමග බෙයාර්ෆුට් කලාගාරයේදී ප්‍රදර්ශනය කෙරෙන සමූහ ප්‍රදර්ශනයකි.ඒ වගේම එවකට  සෞන්දර්ය අධ්‍යයන ආයතනයේ අධ්‍යාපනය හදාරමින් සිටි කිසිදා ප්‍රදර්ශනයකට ඉදිරිපත් නොවූ ශිෂ්‍ය ශිෂ්‍යාවන්  15 දෙනෙකු සුජිත් රත්නායක සමග මහජන අවකාශයක ප්‍රදර්ශනයක් හැටියට කලඑළි බසින ලද ප්‍රදර්ශනය මෙය වේ.  මේ ප්‍රදර්ශනය සඳහා රත්නායක ද ඇතුලත් කොට සහභාගිකරුවන් තෝරා ගැනීම, ප්‍රදර්ශනය ඉදිරිපත් කිරීම හා ප්‍රදර්ශන සමරු කලාපයට අනුව ප්‍රදර්ශනය  පිලිබඳ හැඳින්වීම ආදී සියල්ල සිදු කරන ලද්දේ ජගත් වීරසිංහ විසිනි. වීරසිංහ එවකට පුරා විද්‍යා පශ්චාත් උපාධි ආයතනයේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වූ අතර  සෞන්දර්ය අධ්‍යයන ආයතනයේ බාහිර කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු ද විය. ඒ වගේම අභිනවයෙන් 2000 වර්ෂයේ පිහිටුවන ලද තීර්ථ ජාත්‍යන්තර කලාකරුවන්ගේ එකතුවේ පුරෝගාමී සභාපතිවරයා ඔහු උවද මෙම ප්‍රදර්ශනය අගෝස්තු මස සංවිධානය කරන අවස්ථාවේ එම සංවිධානය පිහිටුවා තිබුනේද නැද්ද යන්නට තොරතුරු නැත. 'තීර්ථ ජාත්‍යන්තර කලාකරුවන්ගේ එකතුව' යන්න කලාකරුවන් 11 දෙනෙකු හැටියට 2000 වර්ෂයේදී පිහිටුවන ලද බවට එම සංවිධානයට අයත් වෙබ් අඩවියේ සඳහන් කොට ඇතත් ඊට දායක වූ කලාකරුවන් කව්ද එය පිහිටවූයේ 2000 වර්ෂයේ කුමන කාල පරාසයකද කෙසේද යන්න සඳහන් කොට නැත. ( මෙම වෙබ් පිටුව බලන්න. )  ප්‍රදර්ශන සමරු කලාපයට අනුව  Club Made in IAS යන්න මගින් සමරු කලාපය  ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කොට ඇත. Club Made in IAS යන්න පිහිටා ඇති බවට 45/3, Temple road, Kalubowila, Dehiwala, Sri Lanka යන ලිපිනය published by Club Made in IAS යටතේ  ප්‍රදර්ශන සමරු කලාපය තුළ දක්වා ඇත. සමරු කලාපයේ ප්‍රදර්ශනයේ සහභාගිකරුවන් දක්වා ඇති  අනුපිළිවෙලට සහභාගිකරුවන් මෙසේ වේ. සමරු කලාපය තුළ සියලු සහභාගිකරුවන්  පැමිණියේ කුමන ප්‍රදේශ වල සිටද යන්න දක්වා ඇත. එම ප්‍රදේශ අයත් වන දිස්ත්‍රික්ක මෙහිලා අභිනවයෙන්  සඳහන් කෙරේ.

1. සුජිත් රත්නායක - රන්න ( හම්බන්තොට දිස්ත්‍රික්කය ) 2.උපුල් චමිල බණ්ඩාර - තඹුත්තේගම ( අනුරාධපුර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය ) 3.සුසිල් රෝහණ - බලංගොඩ ( රත්නපුර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය ) 4. පාල පොතුපිටිය - දෙනියාය ( මාතර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය) 5.ඉන්ද්‍රචාපා රාජගුරු - ලේවැල්ල ( නුවර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය ) 6.චතුරි රාජපක්ෂ - ගම්පහ ( ගම්පහ දිස්ත්‍රික්කය ) 7. පල්ලියගුරුගේ අමරජීව - අම්පාර ( අම්පාර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය ) 8. බන්දු මනම්පේරි - බණ්ඩාරගම ( කළුතර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය ) 9. සරත් ප්‍රේමසිංහ - ගම්පහ ( ගම්පහ දිස්ත්‍රික්කය ) 10. ප්‍රසන්න රණබාහු - දෙල්වල ( රත්නපුර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය ) 11.මුදිතා අස්කින් - හැටන් ( නුවරඑළිය දිස්ත්‍රික්කය ) 12. ප්‍රියන්ති මග්ගොනගේ - අගලවත්ත ( කළුතර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය ) 13. නීල් රාජකරුණා - මල්වල ( රත්නපුර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය ) 14. සරත් සමරවීර - වතුරේ ( කෑගල්ල දිස්ත්‍රික්කය ) 15. අනුරාධ හේනක ආරච්චි - හෙට්ටිමුල්ල ( කෑගල්ල දිස්ත්‍රික්කය ) 16. සුනෙත් බෝකුල - පල්ලෙකැලේ ( නුවර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය )

මේඩ් ඉන් අයි.ඒ.එස්. ප්‍රදර්ශනයට  පෙර  තත්වය
thumb|1995 දී ප්‍රසන්න රණබාහු සහ සරත් ප්‍රේමසිංහ සමග සුජිත් රත්නායක|alt=|වම|240x240px
thumb|1998 දී සරත් සමරවීර හා සුජිත් රත්නායක|alt=|වම|239x239px
thumb|1999 දී පමණ සුජිත් රත්නායක, සරත් ප්‍රේමසිංහ, ශ්‍රී ලාල් රණවීර, ගිහාන් ධර්මපාල සහ පහළ අධ්‍යයන වර්ෂයේ ප්‍රදීප්  කොතලාවල යන ශිෂ්‍යය්න්|alt=|වම|237x237px
thumb|2000 අගෝස්තු මේඩ් ඉන් අයි.ඒ.එස්. ප්‍රදර්ශනයට පෙර 2000 මාර්තු ලයනල් වෙන්ඩ්ට් කලාගාරයේ සමූහ ප්‍රදර්ශනය පැවැත් වූ සුජිත් රත්නායක, ප්‍රදීප් චන්ද්‍රසිරි, මනෝරංජන හේරත් සහ කෝරලේගෙදර පුෂ්පකුමාර යන හතර දෙනා.|alt=|වම|238x238පික්
සමාජ ගැටළු
සමකාලීන දෘෂ්‍ය කලා

මේඩ් ඉන් අයි.ඒ.එස්. ප්‍රදර්ශනය (Mede in IAS ප්‍රදර්ශනය)


Olaylar
 Osmanlı padişahı I. Bayezid, Bizanslıların Anadolu'daki son toprak parçası Alaşehir'i düşürerek ele geçirdi.
 III. Robert, İskoçya kralı olarak babası II. Robert'in yerini aldı.
 Gelibolu Tershanesi yapıldı.

Doğumlar

Ölümler
 20 Mart - III. Aleksios, Trabzon İmparatorluğu imparatoru (d. 1338)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Altichiero, Verona okulunun kurucusu İtalyan ressam (d. 1330)
 Bulgar Keratsa, Bulgaristan Çarı İvan Aleksandr ile Yahudilikten dönme ikinci karısı Sarah'ın kızı (d. 1348)
 Lalla-Ded, Keşmirli Brahman azize (d. 1320)
 Teftâzânî, Fars mutasavvıf ve İslam düşünürü (d. 1322)

1390