Ralph Francis Julian Stonor,  baron Camoys ( - ) est un aristocrate anglais et propriétaire de Stonor Park.

Début de la vie
Lord Camoys est né le 26 janvier 1884 à Stonor Park à Stonor, au nord de Henley-on-Thames dans l'Oxfordshire, en Angleterre. Il est le fils de Francis Stonor (4e baron Camoys) (1856–1897) et de Jessie Philippa Carew. Son père est Lord-in-Waiting de la reine Victoria en 1886 et de nouveau de 1892 à 1895 .

Ses grands-parents paternels sont l'hon. Francis Stonor (deuxième fils de Thomas Stonor (3e baron Camoys)) et Eliza Peel (une fille du premier ministre britannique Robert Peel). Son grand-père maternel est Robert Russell Carew de Carew & Co., Ltd. et sa tante maternelle, Katherine Jane Carew, est mariée à , officier de l'armée britannique.

Carrière
À la mort de son père en 1897, il devient baron Camoys et est par la suite connu sous le nom de Lord Camoys .

Lord Camoys est identifié au mouvement de réforme de l'alimentation pure et est élu président du comité exécutif de la Pure Food and Health Society . Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il est également capitaine de la Home Guard du Buckinghamshire de 1940 à 1945 .

Vie privée
Le 25 novembre 1911, Ralph épouse l'héritière américaine Mildred Constance Sherman (1888-1961), fille de William Watts Sherman et de Sophia Augusta Brown, petite-fille du fondateur de l'Université Brown à Providence, Rhode Island. Ensemble, ils ont :

 Sherman Stonor (6e baron Camoys) (1913-1976), qui succède à son père à la baronnie . Il épouse Jeanne Stourton (1913-1987), la troisième et plus jeune fille du capitaine Herbert Stourton, OBE (petit-fils du  baron Stourton), et de sa femme, Frances (fille du  vicomte Southwell) .
 Pamela Sophia Nadine Stonor (1917–2005)  épouse le lieutenant-colonel Charles Pepys, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, arrière-petit-fils du  comte de Cottenham, en 1941. Ils n'ont pas d'enfants.
 Mildred Sophia Noreen Stonor (1922–2012)  épouse John Rozet Drexel III (1919–2007) en 1941. John est un arrière-petit-fils d'Anthony J. Drexel.

Lord Camoys est décédé à son domicile américain, Stonor Lodge à Newport, Rhode Island (aux États-Unis), le 3 août 1968 .

Références

Liens externes

Baron de la pairie d'Angleterre
Décès en août 1968
Naissance en janvier 1884
Décès à 84 ans

Ralph Stonor (5e baron Camoys)


Pelican Point est un hameau situé dans la province d'Alberta, dans le comté de Camrose.

Histoire

Économie

Géographie

Démographie

Notes et références

Hameau en Alberta
Localité désignée en Alberta

Pelican Point (Alberta)


Das Damendoppel der French Open 1981 war ein Tenniswettbewerb in Paris.

Titelverteidigerinnen waren Kathy Jordan und Anne Smith. Das Finale bestritten Rosalyn Fairbank und Tanya Harford gegen Candy Reynolds und Paula Smith, das Fairbank und Harford in zwei Sätzen gewann.

Setzliste

Hauptrunde

Viertelfinale, Halbfinale, Finale

Obere Hälfte

Obere Hälfte 1

Obere Hälfte 2

Obere Hälfte 3

Obere Hälfte 4

Untere Hälfte

Untere Hälfte 1

Untere Hälfte 2

Untere Hälfte 3

Untere Hälfte 4

Weblinks

Damendoppel
1981

French Open 1981/Damendoppel


L'édition 2022 du tournoi de tennis de Charleston se déroule du 4 au , sur terre battue en extérieur. Elle appartient à la catégorie WTA 500.

Faits marquants

Forfaits
  Danielle Collins, remplacée par  Alycia Parks
  Simona Halep, remplacée par  Anastasia Gasanova
  Veronika Kudermetova, remplacée par  Coco Vandeweghe
  Ann Li, remplacée par  Katarina Zavatska
  Tereza Martincová, remplacée par  Wang Xiyu
  Garbiñe Muguruza, remplacée par  Claire Liu
  Jeļena Ostapenko, remplacée par  Hailey Baptiste
  Nuria Párrizas Díaz, remplacée par  Wang Xinyu
  Andrea Petkovic, remplacée par  Arianne Hartono
  Arantxa Rus, remplacée par  Yuan Yue
  Mayar Sherif, remplacée par  Mariam Bolkvadze
  Elina Svitolina, remplacée par  Magdalena Fręch
  Iga Świątek, remplacée par  Heather Watson

Contexte
Après l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie fin février, les instances dirigeantes internationales du tennis autorisent les joueuses de Russie et de Biélorussie à participer aux tournois, mais pas sous le drapeau de leur pays, jusqu'à nouvel ordre.

Lauréates
En simple, la Suissesse Belinda Bencic remporte le 8e titre de sa carrière en battant en finale la Tunisienne Ons Jabeur.

En double, la paire Andreja Klepač / Magda Linette gagne le titre.

Primes et points

NB : Pour les têtes de série exemptées de , une élimination au  ne rapporte qu'un point WTA.
Source:

Résultats en simple

Parcours

Tableau final

Premiers tours

Haut de tableau

Bas de tableau

Résultats en double

Parcours

Tableau

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Tournoi de tennis de Charleston
 Saison 2022 de la WTA

Liens externes
  Site officiel du tournoi

Navigation

WTA 2022
Charleston
Tennis aux États-Unis en 2022
Tennis en avril 2022
Sport aux États-Unis en avril 2022

Tournoi de tennis de Charleston (WTA 2022)


John James Robertson ( - ) est un homme politique du parti travailliste écossais qui est député de 1945 à 1951.

Biographie
Né dans les Shetland, Robertson est élu pour la première fois aux élections générales de 1945, en tant que député de Berwick et Haddington. À la suite de changements de limites, il est réélu à la Chambre des communes lors des élections générales de 1950 pour la nouvelle circonscription de Berwick et East Lothian. L'année suivante, Robertson perd son siège aux élections générales de 1951 au profit du candidat conservateur William Anstruther-Gray.

Références

Liens externes

Député du 39e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 38e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du Parti travailliste écossais
Décès en octobre 1955
Naissance en mai 1898
Décès à 57 ans

John Robertson (1898-1955)


Maeroa est une banlieue de l'ouest de la cité d'Hamilton située dans la région de waikato, dans l'Île du Nord de la Nouvelle-Zélande.

Situation
À l'origine, Maeroa est une banlieue extérieur, qui est devenue une partie de la cité d'Hamilton en 1925 avec la seconde extension des limites de la ville

Municipalités limitrophes

Démographie

Maeroa avait une population de  lors du recensement de 2018 en Nouvelle-Zélande, en augmentation de  (soit 11,7 %) depuis le recensement de 2013 en Nouvelle-Zélande et en augmentation de  (soit 12,8 %) depuis le recensement de 2006 en Nouvelle-Zélande.
Il y avait .
On notait  et , donnant un sexe-ratio de 0,97 homme pour une femme.
L'âge médian était de  avec  (soit 21,2 %) âgés de moins de ,  (soir 25,7 %) âgées de ,  (43,3 %) âgées de , et  (soit 9,8 %) âgées de  ou plus.

L'ethnicité était pour 66,3 % européens/Pākehā, 28,6 % Māori, 6,5 % personnes du Pacifique, 12,1 % asiatiques, et 3,5 % d'autres ethnies (le total fait plus de 100 % dans la mesure où une personne peut s'identifier de multiples ethnies).

La proportion de personnes nées outre-mer était de 19,7 %, comparée avec les 27,1 % au niveau national.

Bien que certaines personnes refusent de donner leur religion, 48,9 % n'avaient aucune religion, 33,9 % étaient chrétiens, 3,1 % étaient hindouistes, 1,9 % étaient musulmans, 0,5 % étaient bouddhistes et 5,0 % avaient une autre religion.

Parmi ceux de moins de  d'âge,  (soit 22,4 %) avaient un niveau de bachelier ou un degré supérieur et  (soit 17,2 %) n'avaient aucune qualification
formelle.
Les revenus médians étaient de .
Le statut d'emploi de ceux d'au moins  était pour  (soit 55,7 %) employées à plein temps,  (soit 11,8 %) étaient employées à temps partiel et  (soit 5,8 %) étaient sans emplois .

École intermédiaire de Maeroa
La banlieue contient l'école de «Maeroa Intermediate School», qui devint la première   de la région de Waikato après avoir été fondée en 1954.
Le blason de l'école est enregistré avec les College of Arms et inclut une flèche du désir, la  lance ou épée de la justice, la lampe de la connaissance et une croix.
La bannière d'entête est aussi la devise de l'école "I will not cease from mental fight" (je ne cesserai pas de me battre mentalement), qui est en ligne directe avec la philosophie de l'école, qui enseigne aux enfants à penser par eux-mêmes . Le poème : " et cela se passait dans l'ancien temps" ou Jerusalem est l'hymne de l'école .
L'effectif de l'école était de  en
Le premier principal de l'école fut Trevor Church.
L'école a célébré son  (Jubilé d'or) en 2004.
Cette année là, l'école a accueilli le « Newscruise Challenge », un épreuve annuelle inter-école de questions sur les nouvelles et les connaissances générales, sponsorisée par le journal Waikato Times.

Ancien élève notable
Le joueur de football Marco Rojas est un ancien élève notable de l'école.

Voir aussi

Liste des banlieues d'Hamilton (Nouvelle-Zélande)

Notes et références

Liens externes
  Maeroa Intermediate School website

Ville en Nouvelle-Zélande
Banlieue d'Hamilton (Nouvelle-Zélande)
Waikato

Maeroa


පරිණාමය හා සබැඳි වැරදි මත

=========================

1. මිනිසා පරිණාමය වුයේ වඳුරන්ගෙන්.

වඳුරන් ලෙස ඔබ සරලව වර්ගීකරණය සිදුකරන චිම්පන්සීන්, ගෝරිල්ලන් වැනි සත්වයන්ගෙන් මිනිස් පරිණාමය සිදුවී නැත. මේ වැරදි අර්ථකථන නිසා පරිණාමයට විරුද්ධව හඬනගන මතධාරීන් විසින් 'මිනිසා පරිණාමය වූයේ වඳුරන්ගෙන් නම්, තවමත් වඳුරන් සිටින්නේ ඇයි ?' යන ගැටලුව සමාජගත කරයි.

මේ ගැටලුව අපි නැවත ප්‍රතිනිර්මාණය කරමු සරල උදාහරණයකින්. "ඔබ ඔබේ ඤාති සොහොයුරාගෙන් පැවත එන්නේ නම්, තවමත් ඔබගේ ඥාති සොහොහුරා ජීවත්ව සිටින්නේ කෙසේද ?"

මේ ප්‍රතිනිර්මාණය කල ගැටලුව ඔබට විකාරයක් ලෙස පෙනෙනු ඇත. නමුත් පෙර සඳහන් කල මිනිසා සහ වඳුරා පිලිබඳ ගැටලුවද මේ ගැටලුවද අතර එතරම් වෙනසක් නැත. ඔබ දන්නවා ඔබ පැවත එන්නෙ ඔබේ ඤාති සොහොයුරාගෙන් නොවන බව. ඔබත් ඔබේ ඤාති සොහොයුරත් අතර සම්බන්ධය තමයි ඔබ දෙපලගේම සීයා එක් අයකු වීම. ඔබේ සීයාට දරුවන් කිහිප දෙනෙක් සිටියා නම් ඔවුන් පසු කලකදී තම තමන්ගෙ පවුල් සාදාගෙන ඔබේ පවුල් ගස තවත් අතුශාඛා වලට ප්‍රසාරණය කරමින් විහිද යයි. ඒ හෙතුවෙන් ඔබ සහ ඔබේ ඤාති සොහොයුරා ඇතුලු නව පරම්පරා වර්තමානයේදි ඔබට දකින්න පුළුවන්.

දැන් එමු මානව පරිණාමික කතාවට. මේ කතාවෙදි චිම්පන්සීන් සහ අප අතර ජානමය DNA සමානතාව 96% ක් වේ මෙහිදි චිම්පන්සීන් සහ හෝමෝ සේපියානුවන් යනු පෙර කතාවෙ ඔබ සහා ඔබේ ඤාති සහෝදරයා වැනි සබඳතාවක්. අතීතයේ (DNA සාධක මඟින් සොයාගෙන ඇති ආකාරයට) වසර මිලියන 6 කට පමණ පෙර චිම්පන්සීන් සහ අපට පොදු පූර්වජයෙකු ජීවත්ව තිබෙනවා. මේ පොදු පූර්වජයා සමාන වෙන්නෙ හරියට ඔබත් ඔබේ ඤාති සොහොයුරාගෙත් සීයාට.

පොදු පූර්වජ අවස්ථාවෙන් පරිණාමය වූ විවිධ අවස්ථා අතු බෙදී ගොස් එක් fශාඛාවකින් චිම්පන්සීන්, ගෝරිල්ලන් වැනි විශේෂ පරිණාමයට මඟ පෑදෙන විට අනෙක් පසින් පරිණාමය වූ ශාඛාව මානව පරිණාමයට මඟ පෑදුවා.

* මීට වසර මිලියන 2 ත් 3 ත් අතර කාලෙදි ප්ලයොසීන යුගයෙදි මානව විශේෂ හයක් මේ ලෝකෙ තැනින් තැන ජීවත් වුනා..

 Homo rudolfensis
 Homo habilis
 Australopithecus garhi
 Australopithecus africanus
 Paranthropus aetheiopicus
 Paranthropus boisei

ඒ කියන්නෙ එකම කාලෙක මේ අය ජීවත් වුනේ..

ඊලඟට වසර මිලියන 0.2ත් 0.1ත් අතර ප්ලයස්ටොසින් යුගයෙදි මානව විශේෂ 5 ක් මේ පෘථිවියෙ හිටියා.

දැන් ඔබට වැටහෙන්න ඕන චිම්පන්සීන් හෝ ගෝරිල්ලන්ගෙන් අප පරිණාමය නොවූ බව. නමුත් ඔවුන් සහ අපට පොදු පූර්වජයෙකු සිටින බව. මේ කතාවෙදි මිනිස් පරිණාමයේ වසර මිලියන 6 පමණ කාලයකට එහා පරිණාමික පුරුක් සලකා බලද්දි 'ආරඩිපිතෙකස් රැමිඩස්' , 'ආරඩිපිතෙකස් කඩබ්බා' වැනි වානර ආකාර සලකා බැලුවම ඔවුන් සහ චිම්පන්සීන් අතර රූපීය වශයෙන් ඉතාමත් සමීප සමානතා බලන්න පුළුවන්. ඊට හේතු වෙන්නෙ පොදු පූර්වජයගෙන් අතු බෙදී යන මුල් අවස්ථා වල ඇතිවු විශේෂ රූපිය වශයෙන් ඉතාමත් සමීප වීම.

මේක හරියට ඔබේ පියාත්, ඔබගේ ඤාති සොහොයුරාගෙ පියාත් සහෝදරයන් නම්, ඔවුන් අතර තිබෙන සමීප රූප ලක්ෂණ වගේ.

2. පරිණාමය සරල රේඛීයයි.

පරිණාමික ක්‍රියාවලිය සරල රේඛීය නැහැ. එක් විශේෂයක් ජීවත්ව තව විශේෂයක් ඔවුන්ගෙන් පරිණාමය වී පෙර විශේෂය නශ්ඨවී යන ක්‍රියාවලියක් නෙවෙයි පරිණාමය කියන්නෙ. පරිණාමික ක්‍රියාවලිය අතු බෙදී යන පඳුරක්. බෙදී යන ශාඛා නැවත හමුවීම පවා සිදුවිය හැකි දෙයක්.

3. පරිණාමය යනු කල්පිතයක් පමණී.

මෙය සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම වැරදි මතයක්. මානව පරණාමය යනු ෆොසිල සාධක මෙන්ම ජානමය සාධක මඟින් ඔප්පු කල ක්‍රියාවලියක්. ෆොසිල වාර්තා වල ඇති හිදැස් ජානමය කේතය ඇසුරින් සම්පූර්ණ කිරීමට හැකිව තිබෙනවා. ඔබේ පුර්වජයන්ගෙන් ඔබ වෙන් වුයේ කුමන කාලයේදිද පවා දැක්වීමට ජාන කේතයට හැකියාව තිබෙනවා.

පරිණාමය හා සබැඳි වැරදි මත


Edward Walter Scott  (April 30, 1916 – June 21, 2004) was a Canadian Anglican bishop.

Scott was born in Edmonton, Alberta in 1916 and grew up in Vancouver, British Columbia, where his father was a rector. He attended Anglican Theological College and was ordained in 1941. He became Bishop of Kootenay in 1966.

Scott served as primate of the Anglican Church of Canada from 1971 to 1986 and was also moderator of the Central Committee of the World Council of Churches from 1975 to 1983. He was considered a liberal in the church and was an advocate of reforms such as the ordination of women. In the late 1980s Scott served on the Commonwealth of Nations "Eminent Persons Group" that recommended the implementation of sanctions against South Africa.

Scott was awarded the Pearson Peace Medal in 1988 and was made a Companion of the Order of Canada in 1978.

Scott died in a car accident near Parry Sound, Ontario in 2004.

Sources
Radical Compassion: The Life and Times of Archbishop Edward Scott by Hugh McCullum ()

External links
 Pearson Medal of Peace - Archbishop Edward Scott

1916 births
2004 deaths
20th-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops
Accidental deaths in Ontario
Anglican bishops of Kootenay
Companions of the Order of Canada
People from Edmonton
People from Vancouver
Primates of the Anglican Church of Canada
Road incident deaths in Canada

Ted Scott


Emma Atkins  (Cumbria, 31 de marzo de 1975) es una actriz inglesa, más conocida por interpretar a Charity Dingle-Tate en la serie Emmerdale Farm.

Biografía
Tiene una hermana, la diseñadora de modas Jillian Atkins.

Es muy buena amiga de la actriz Charley Webb y del actor Jeff Hordley.

Desde 2012 sale con un empresario llamado Tom, con quien tiene un hijo (marzo de 2015).

Carrera
En radio interpretó a Amy en Murder in the Afternoon - The Longest Journey, una puesta de Peter Whally.

El 30 de marzo de 2000, se unió a la exitosa serie británica Emmerdale Farm, donde interpretó a Charity Dingle-Tate  hasta 2005. Regresó en 2010 y desde entonces aparece en la serie. En 2006 apareció como invitada en series como Dalziel and Pascoe, Mayo, New Street Law y I'm with Stupid. Entre 2007 y 2009, apareció en series como Casualty, Heartbeat y Doctors, donde interpretó a Marie Wilkins en 2009; anteriormente, había interpretado a Tricia Kincade en el episodio "Spend, Spend, Spend" en 2006.

Filmografía

Series de televisión

Teatro

Premios y nominaciones

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Digital Spy > Celebrity News > Emma Atkins
 Emma Atkins on TV.com

Actrices de televisión de Inglaterra
Actrices de radio de Inglaterra
Atkins

Emma Atkins


Friedrichsdorf ist ein Ortsteil von Witterda im Landkreis Sömmerda in Thüringen.

Lage
Friedrichsdorf liegt an der Nordabdachung der Fahnerschen Höhen, südlich von Witterda an der Kreisstraße 20 nördlich von Schaderode und der Bundesautobahn 71 und am Rande des Thüringer Beckens.

Geschichte
Der Ortsteil Friedrichsdorf wurde 1780 auf Anordnung des Mainzer Erzbischofs und Landesherren Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal durch den Landbauinspektor Neithardt von Gneisenau als kleine Kolonie gegründet. An gleicher Stelle hatte bereits eine urkundlich erwähnter Ort mit Namen Rasdorf oder Rosdorf bestanden, der um 1450 verschwunden ist. Wolfgang Kahl bestätigt mit seiner Analyse das Vorhandensein dieses Dorfes ab 822–842. Der Ort gehörte zum benachbarten Erfurter Küchendorf Witterda. 1802 kam er mit diesem zu Preußen und zwischen 1807 und 1813 zum französischen Fürstentum Erfurt. Mit dem Wiener Kongress kam der Ort wieder zu Preußen und wurde 1816 dem Landkreis Erfurt in der preußischen Provinz Sachsen angegliedert. Am 1. Juli 1950 kam Friedrichsdorf zu Witterda.

Weblinks

 Seite über Friedrichsdorf auf der Website der Gemeinde Witterda

Einzelnachweise

Witterda
Ort im Landkreis Sömmerda
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Sömmerda)
Gegründet 1780
Gemeindeauflösung 1950
Ersterwähnung 1780

Friedrichsdorf (Witterda)


Ante Juretić (Split, 6. travnja 1941.), hrvatski komediograf, pjesnik, haiku-pjesnik, aforist, romanopisac i kazališni redatelj. Živi i radi u Kutini.

Životopis
Rođen u Splitu, u kojem je završio gimnaziju. U Zagrebu je studirao hrvatski jezik i književnost na Filozofskom fakultetu. Prve je stihove objavio kao student u zagrebačkome listu Telegramu. Nakon završetka studija zaposlio se kao profesor u srednjoj školi. Najava njegova literarna rada bili su mu aforizmi u Moslavačkom listu. Preveden na druge jezike. Trojezični časopis Das Haus – La maison – The house objavio mu je stihove Pjesnička poslanica ljudskih savjesti koje mu je na engleski preveo Željko Uvanović. Također je na sebe skrenuo pozornost pisanjem haiku poezije. Objavio je lirski roman u stihovima Tri boje mladosti, roman u prozi Kad odlaze lastavice, zbirku pjesama Pisma sina razmetnoga. Od 1980-ih je amaterski kazališni redatelj. Režirao je predstave kutinskih kazališnih amatera. Danas u Kutini vodi Kazališnu družbu Beskućnici. Poznat kao komediograf. Komedije (Kad pevaljka dojde, Marsovci su među nama, Turizam na seoski način, Maturant se ženi, Europa u selu Kruškovcu) su mu objavljene u dvjema knjigama. Uprizorile su ih kazališne družine u Hrvatskoj i u Gradišću u Austriji. Moslavačko zrcalo mu je objavilo komediju Aerodrom u magli.

Predsjednik ogranka Matice hrvatske u Kutini.

Priznanja
 Pobjede na anonimnim natječajima haiku-pjesama.
 2012. francuski časopis haiku – pjesništva uvrstio ga je među 16 izabranih hrvatskih autora pored velikana hrvatske književnosti kao što su Vladimir Devidé, Dragutin Tadijanović, Luko Paljetak i dr.
 Godišnja Nagrada Grada Kutine.
 Nagrada za životno djelo Grada Kutine.

Izvori

Životopisi, Split
Životopisi, Kutina
Hrvatski pjesnici
Hrvatski romanopisci
Hrvatski komediografi
Hrvatski kazališni redatelji

Ante Juretić


Black box voting signifies voting on voting machines which do not disclose how they operate such as with closed source or proprietary operations.  If a voting machine does not provide a tangible record of individual votes cast then it can be described as black box voting.

Etymology
The term, as described by Dr. Arnold Urken of Stevens Institute of Technology, comes from the technical jargon use of the term black box, a device or system or object when it is viewed primarily in terms of its input and output characteristics. Urken's group at Stevens Institute was one of the first independent testing authorities for voting machines.

The term was coined by David Allen, publisher, technical consultant and co-writer to author and activist Bev Harris.  Harris popularized the term in her book with that title and runs the BlackBoxVoting.org website. Allen's formal definition is found on page 4 of the original edition of the book: "Any voting system in which the mechanisms for recording and/or tabulating the vote are hidden from the voter, and/or the mechanism lacks a tangible record of the vote cast."

Black box voting systems

Both optical scan systems which interpret paper ballots and Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) systems can be black box systems; in fact, mechanical voting machines can also be seen as black-box systems, since only the technicians who set up the machines have access to the linkages between the voting levers on the face of the machine and the vote recording counters inside.  Rhode Island supreme court justice Horatio Rogers, in an 1897 dissenting opinion, wrote of one early mechanical voting machine that
 ... a voter on this voting machine has no knowledge, through his senses that he has accomplished a result.  The most that can be said is, if the machine worked as intended, then he has made his holes and voted.  It does not seem to me that this is enough.

Rogers' criterion for whether a voting machine is a black box is strict—you must be able to sense that it works correctly as you use it.  A somewhat weaker criterion is sometimes accepted, based on whether the public is allowed to examine the mechanism, in a modern context, both the source code and hardware. Though source code may be available to voting system testing authorities and state or county election officials it can still be considered "black box" if it is not available to the public. Even with some open source systems, which allow examination of the source code, access to firmware, which controls the hardware, is not available.

Even if the source code is made public, significant challenges remain in the areas of authenticating that the code running systems in the field matches the publicly released code, and it is still possible to find attack vectors for open source systems.

In the U.S. presidential election, 2004, 32% of the voting was done on optical scan machines and 29% on DRE voting machines using trade secret proprietary software. As of February 2006, that figure had climbed to 49% for optical systems and 39% DRE.

Legislation was introduced in the United States Congress to require public access to source code, hardware and firmware information, including the Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act of 2007, introduced by Congressman Rush D. Holt, Jr.  The last action on this legislation (HR 811 110th Congress)  was for it to be placed on the Union calendar number 91 in June 2007.

See also

 ACCURATE
 Hacking Democracy
 Open Voting Consortium
 Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail

References

Further reading
 Princeton Security Analysis of the Diebold AccuVote-TS Voting Machine
 USA Today: More problems arise with 'black-box voting', Andrew Kantor, June 2004
 How Elections Should Be Conducted, Eric Jaffa, MoveLeft Media, March 2004

External links
 Election Defense Alliance - collaborative nonprofit organization to help build and coordinate a comprehensive, cohesive national strategy for the election integrity movement
 Open Voting Consortium site on open source voting systems
 Verified Voting - lobbying group for paper trails

Electoral fraud
Electronic voting methods
Political advocacy groups in the United States

Black box voting


Gebel el-Ahmar (, "der Rote Berg") ist der Name eines Berges in Ägypten, nahe Heliopolis nordöstlich von Kairo.

Der Berg diente im Alten Ägypten als Steinbruch für harten Quarzit, den man seit dem Alten Reich für die Herstellung von Statuen und Sarkophagen verwendete. Aus dem Neuen Reich und der Spätzeit finden sich Inschriften, von denen die des Wesirs Hori am Ende des Berges zu den bedeutendsten gehören. Hori führte im Auftrage des Königs eine Steinbruchexpedition in die Region. Der französische Ägyptologe Georges Daressy veröffentlichte weitere Inschriften, Tierdarstellungen und Graffiti, darunter auch einen Text des Arbeitervorstehers Penimeni.

Inschriften auf der Statue des Amenophis, Sohn des Hapu und auf einem Rückenpfeiler der Memnonkolosse deuten darauf hin, dass der Stein für diese Statuen in Gebel el-Ahmar gebrochen sein soll. Neuere Vergleichsanalysen des Gesteins sprechen jedoch für das Gebel Tingar bei Assuan als Herkunftsort.

Ramses II. berichtet auf einer Stele mit einer Rede an die Steinbrucharbeiter von seinem Besuch der Quarzitsteinbrüche und dass er dort zwei große Blöcke für seine Statuen ausgewählt habe.

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Archäologischer Fundplatz in Ägypten
Archäologischer Fundplatz in Afrika
Berg in Afrika
Berg in Ägypten
Gouvernement al-Dschiza

Gebel el-Ahmar


Alex Mineiro (født 15. marts 1975) er en tidligere brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Alex Mineiro


Claudia Goldin (f. 14. maí 1946) er bandarískur hagfræðingur sem sérhæfir sig í málefnum kvenna á vinnumarkaði, vinnuhagfræði, tekjuójöfnuði og kyndbundnum launamuni. Hún er prófessor við Harvard-háskóla og framkvæmdastjóri þróunaráætlunar efnahagsrannsóknastofnunarinnar National Bureau of Economic Research fyrir bandaríska efnahaginn.

Goldin vann til Nóbelsverðlaunanna í hagfræði árið 2023.

Menntun og starfsferill
Claudia Goldin fæddist í New York-borg árið 1946 og er af Gyðingaættum. Hún gekk í gagnfræðaskólann Bronx High School of Science og í Cornell-háskóla. Hún lauk doktorsprófi í hagfræði við Chicago-háskóla árið 1972.

Goldin er sér í lagi þekkt fyrir störf sín við rannsóknir á hlutverki kvenna í bandaríska efnahaginum. Hún hefur lagt fyrir sig efnahagssögu, vinnuhagfræði, fjölskylduhagfræði og menntunarhagfræði. Hún hefur sérstaklega einbeitt sér að orsökum ójöfnuðar með tilliti til kyns, kynþáttar og menntunar.

Árið 1990 varð Claudia Goldin fyrsta konan til að hljóta fastráðningu við hagfræðideild Harvard-háskóla. Tímaritið Financial Times tók viðtal við Goldin árið 2015 og síðan tímaritin Time Traveler og Quartz árið 2018. Ævisaga Goldin var rekin í verki eftir Michael Szenberg árið 1998. Vísað hefur verið til rannsókna hennar í greinum hjá Le Monde, The New York Times, CNN og ýmsum öðrum fjölmiðlum.

Framlög Goldin til rannsókna vinnuþátttöku kvenna og áhrifum þeirra á vinnumarkaðinn sjást á áhrifum þeirra á hagfræði og hagsögu, meðal annars á rannsóknir á hlutverk kvenna í hagþróun.. Goldin hlaut Nóbelsverðlaunin í hagfræði árið 2023 fyrir rannsóknir sínar á afkomu kvenna á vinnumarkaði.

Goldin var forseti American Economic Association frá 2013 til 2014. Árið 1990 var hún fyrsta konan sem var tilnefnd til hagfræðideildar Harvard-háskóla. Hún er meðlimur í Bandarísku vísindaakademíunni.

Tilvísanir

Bandarískir hagfræðingar
Bandarískir sagnfræðingar
Nóbelsverðlaunahafar í hagfræði

Claudia Goldin


The Republican National Convention (RNC) is a series of presidential nominating conventions held every four years since 1856 by the Republican Party in the United States. They are administered by the Republican National Committee. The  goal of the Republican National Convention is to officially nominate and confirm a candidate for president and vice president, adopt a comprehensive party platform and unify the party, as well as publicize and launch the fall campaign.

Delegates from all fifty U.S. states and from American dependencies and territories, including Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, attend the convention and cast their votes. Like the Democratic National Convention, the Republican National Convention marks the formal end of the primary election period and the start of the general election season. In 2020, all parties replaced the usual conventions with short online programs.

History
The Republican Party was formally organized on a national basis at a meeting in Lafayette Hall in Pittsburgh on February 22–23, 1856, during which the first Republican National Committee was elected.

First nominating convention

The first Republican National Convention was the 1856 Republican National Convention, held from June 17 to 19, 1856, at Musical Fund Hall at 808 Locust Street in Philadelphia. At the 1856 Republican National Convention, the party nominated John C. Frémont, a U.S. Senator from California for president and William L. Dayton, a former U.S. Senator from New Jersey for vice president.

1864 convention

The 1864 event, with the American Civil War raging, was branded as the "National Union Convention" since it included Democrats who remained loyal to the Union and nominated Andrew Johnson, who had been elected Governor of Tennessee as a Democrat, for vice president. By 1868 the usual Republican name was restored.

20th century

The 1912 Republican National Convention saw the business-oriented faction supporting William Howard Taft turn back a challenge from former President Theodore Roosevelt, who boasted broader popular support and even won a primary in Taft's home state of Ohio. Roosevelt would run on the Progressive Party ticket, splitting the Republicans and thereby handing the election to Democrat Woodrow Wilson. The 1924 Republican National Convention made history by being the first GOP convention to give women equal representation. This was the first time the Republican Convention was held in Cleveland, Ohio. It was also the first time any convention was broadcast over radio – to nine cities through a special link over long-distance telephone lines. The Republican National Committee approved a rule providing for a national committee-man and a national committee-woman from each state. Incumbent President Calvin Coolidge was formally nominated and went on to win the general election. The convention nominated Illinois Governor Frank Lowden for vice president on the second ballot, but he declined the nomination. This is the only time a nominee refused to accept a vice presidential nomination.

The Republicans returned to the city in 1936 in the cavernous Cleveland Public Auditorium. Former President Herbert Hoover addressed the delegates on the second day of the convention. On the third, Alf Landon of Kansas (who did not attend) was nominated for president; Colonel Frank Knox was nominated as the vice presidential candidate. Landon and Knox were defeated in a landslide by Franklin D. Roosevelt and John Nance Garner. Knox subsequently served as Secretary of the Navy in the administration of Roosevelt. The 1940 Republican National Convention was the first national convention of any party broadcast on live television. It was carried by an early version of the NBC Television Network and consisted of flagship W2XBS (now WNBC) in New York City, W3XE (now KYW-TV) in Philadelphia and W2XB (now WRGB) in Schenectady and Albany.

The growing importance of primaries became evident at the 1964 Republican National Convention in San Francisco, where U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater from Arizona won the nomination, easily turning away Pennsylvania governor William Scranton and others more favorable to the party establishment.

At the 1972 Republican National Convention, Pat Nixon became the first First Lady since Eleanor Roosevelt and the first Republican First Lady to deliver an address to the convention delegates. It is now common practice for the presidential candidate's spouse to deliver an address to the delegates. Also in 1972, the placing of "favorite son" candidates' names into nomination was banned, requiring at least five states' requests to do so. In recent years, only one candidate's name has been put into nomination, and challengers have been put under intense pressure to withdraw in order for the vote to be unanimous.

An exception was when former California Governor Ronald Reagan nearly toppled incumbent President Gerald Ford at the 1976 Republican National Convention in Kansas City. Ford was in office for only two years before he was challenged by Reagan, who was a fellow Republican. Reagan was on record saying that fellow Republicans should never talk badly about one another, but Reagan's view had since changed, but the power of incumbency was too much for Reagan to overcome. This was the last GOP convention where the outcome of the nomination was in doubt. After the Republican National Convention, the pressure was on Ford to cut away the factionalism in his Republican Party.

Pat Buchanan delivered a speech enthusiastically endorsing the conservative side of the culture war in American society at the 1992 Republican National Convention in Houston. It was widely criticized for supposedly alienating liberal and moderate voters who might otherwise have voted for the moderate nominee and then-incumbent President George H. W. Bush. Division in the party was evident too at the 1996 Republican National Convention, at which more moderate party members such as California governor Pete Wilson and Massachusetts governor William Weld unsuccessfully sought to remove the Human Life Amendment plank from the party platform. The event at the San Diego Convention Center remains the last Republican National Convention to be held in a convention center complex; all others since then have been held at sports stadiums or arenas.

21st century
The Republican Party chose Cleveland again as the site for the 2016 Republican National Convention. The convention was held in Quicken Loans Arena, home of the Cleveland Cavaliers. There may have been political considerations in the selection, since no Republican has won the presidency without winning Ohio since Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 election. Cuyahoga County has voted 19 times for Republicans and 21 times for the Democratic candidate since 1856. However, the Democrats had carried the county for the past 40 years.

The party chose Charlotte, North Carolina as the location for its 2020 Republican National Convention, but pulled out at the last minute. President Donald Trump announced the convention would be moved to Jacksonville, Florida, but subsequently cancelled the Jacksonville convention plans amidst COVID-19 pandemic concerns and complications on July 23. The convention proceedings were then held remotely from various locations, with the final day taking place on the South Lawn of the White House.

Delegations
The party's presidential nominee is chosen primarily by pledged delegates, which are in turn selected through a series of individual state caucuses and primary elections. The size of delegations to the Republican National Convention, for each state, territory, or other political subdivision, are described by Rule 14 of the party's national rules.  The party does not use superdelegates as does the Democratic Party, and all delegates are pledged to a candidate in some fashion.

The Republican Party's rules leave discretion to the states in choosing how to award their respective pledged delegates to the candidates. Some states may use a statewide winner-take-all method, where the primary candidate who receives the most popular votes in a state gets all of its pledged delegates. Other states may use a proportional representation system, where the pledged delegates are instead distributed to the candidates in proportion to its votes.

Pledged party leaders
Three leaders of each state, territory, and Washington D.C.'s Republican Party (its national committeeman, its national committeewoman and its chairperson) are automatically nominated as pledged delegates to the national convention.

Base allocation formula for the 50 U.S. states
Since 2012, the number of pledged delegates initially allocated to each of the 50 U.S. states is: Ten at-large delegates, plus three district delegates for each of the state's congressional districts.  As each state has at least one congressional district, the minimum number of delegates from this allocation for any state is 13.

Base allocations to other jurisdictions
Jurisdictions with non-voting congressmembers are instead given a fixed amount of pledged at-large delegates. In 2020, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands each get six at-large delegates; Puerto Rico receives 20; and Washington, D.C., gets 16.

Bonus delegates
The Republican Party awards bonus pledged delegates to each jurisdiction based on two main factors (where applicable): whether its electoral college votes went to the Republican candidate in the last presidential election, and on how well the state party has done in electing Republicans to state and congressional elections.

 For each state that cast at least a majority of its Electoral College votes for the Republican nominee in the 2016 election, that state earns an additional four and one-half delegates at-large for the 2020 convention, plus a number of the delegates at-large equal to 60 percent of the number of electoral votes of that state; all fractions are rounded upwards. If Washington DC had gone Republican instead of Democratic in 2016, it itself would have received an additional four and one-half delegates at-large, plus a number of delegates at-large equal to 30 percent of its base allocation of 16 at-large delegates (rounding up to 10 bonus delegates).
 States and territories get additional bonus at-large delegates in 2020 (where applicable) based on whether it has elected Republicans to the following state and federal offices in the 2016 elections or at any subsequent election (whether the 2018 midterms, or the 2017 or 2019 off-year elections) held prior to January 1, 2020:
 Republican governor: 1 additional at-large delegate
 Republican majorities in its state legislature: 1 for each chamber that has a Republican majority and has a Republican presiding officer (if the presiding officer is elected by the chamber); maximum 2 if Republicans control all chambers of the state legislature
 At least one-half Republican membership in its delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives: 1
 Republican membership in the U.S. Senate: 1 for each Republican senator; maximum 2 if both the state's senators are Republican

The bonus delegates thus reward states that vote for Republican candidates and punish those which do not. As examples, for the 2020 Convention using California and Texas (the two most populous states, California being a Democrat stronghold and Texas a Republican one):
Texas received 34 bonus delegates, winning the available bonus delegates in all five categories: Donald Trump won a majority of the state's electoral votes in the 2016 election (36 with two faithless electors, earning it 28 bonus delegates as the delegate formula does not take those into account), Greg Abbott was the Governor (one bonus delegate), the Republicans controlled both chambers of the Texas Legislature (two bonus delegates), the Republicans had over half of Texas' Congressional delegation (one bonus delegate), and both senatorsJohn Cornyn and Ted Cruz were Republicans (two bonus delegates).
Conversely, California received zero bonus delegates: Joe Biden won the state's electoral votes, Gavin Newsom was the Governor, Democrats controlled both chambers of the California General Assembly, and both senatorsDianne Feinstein and Kamala Harriswere Democrats

Candidate nomination
The candidate nomination process at the convention is governed by Rule 40 of the party's national rules. Under Rule 40(b), a candidate must have the support of a majority of the delegates of at least five delegations in order to get the 2020 nomination.

See also

 Democratic National Convention
 Green National Convention
 History of the United States
 Libertarian National Convention
 List of Republican National Conventions
 Republican Party

References

Bibliography
 Arterton, F. Christopher. Media politics: The news strategies of presidential campaigns (Free Press, 1984).
 Becker, Carl. "The Unit Rule in National Nominating Conventions." American Historical Review 5.1 (1899): 64–82. online
 Binkley, Wilfred E. American political parties: their natural history (1962) online
 Carleton, William G. "The revolution in the presidential nominating convention." 'Political Science Quarterly 72.2 (1957): 224-240. online
 Chester, Edward W  A guide to political platforms (1977) pp 127–135 online
 Congressional Research Service. Presidential Elections in the United States: A Primer. (Washington, Congressional Research Service, 2000).
 Costain, Anne N. "An analysis of voting in American national nominating conventions, 1940-1976." American Politics Quarterly 6.1 (1978): 95-120.
 Cowan, Geoffrey. Let the People Rule: Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of the Presidential Primary (WW Norton & Company, 2016).
 Davis, James W. National conventions in an age of party reform (Greenwood, 1983).
 Eaton, Herbert. Presidential timber: A history of nominating conventions, 1868-1960 (1964) online.
 Greenfield, Jeff. "The Convention Speeches that Changed America" Politico Aug 15, 2020 online
 Key, Jr., V.O. Politics, Parties, and Pressure Groups (4th ed. 1958) pp 414–470. online
 Miles, Edwin A. "The keynote speech at national nominating conventions." Quarterly journal of Speech 46.1 (1960): 26-31.
 Nichols, Roy F. "It Happens Every Four Years," American Heritage (June 1956) 7#4 pp 20-33.
 Republican National Convention 2004: Convention History
 Sautter, R. Craig, and Edward M. Burke. Inside the Wigwam: Chicago Presidential Conventions, 1860-1996 (Loyola Press, 1996).
 Silver, Adam. "Consensus and Conflict: A Content Analysis of American Party Platforms, 1840–1896." Social Science History'' 42.3 (2018): 441-467 online.

External links

 The American Presidency Project, contains the text of the national platforms that were adopted by the conventions (1856–2008)

Republican National Convention


Banovići (Banoviçi diye okunur.) Bosna-Hersek'in kuzeydoğusunda belediye. 176 km2'lik yüzölçümü vardır. Dağlık ve ormanlık bir bölgede bulunan belediye Bosna-Hersek Federasyonu Tuzla Kantonu'na bağlıdır. 1991 seçimlerinde %72,39 olan Boşnak nüfus, 2003 yılında savaş sonrası etnik kamplaşma ve ayrışma yüzünden 2003 seçimlerinde 28.918 kişiyle %95'e çıkmıştır.

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmî İnternet Sitesi

Tuzla Kantonu
Bosna Hersek'in belediyeleri

Banovići


Agrilus discicollis é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Deyrolle, 1864.

Referências

discicollis

Agrilus discicollis


Pulsirajuće promjenljive zvijezde (eng. pulsating variables, rus. пульсирующие переменные звёзды) su vrsta promjenljivih zvijezda.

Većina promjenljivica pripada ovoj vrsti. Kod ovih zvijezda pulsira njihova atmosfera što za posljedicu ima mijenjanje sjaja. Dijelimo ih na cefeide, miride, promjenljive zvijezde vrste RR Lire i promjenljive zvijezde vrste RV Bika.

Kod promjenljivih zvijezda čija je promjenljivost polupravilna ili sasvim nepravilna, uz pulsiranje se pojavljuju neradijalne pulsacije.

Pulsirajuće zvijezde se nadimlju i skupljaju. Radijalna pulsiranja su takva gdje se cijela zvijezda širi i skuplja, dok se kod neradijalnih pulsiranja to javlja samo u određenom dijelu, to jest dio zvijezde se širi, dok se drugi dio skuplja u sebe. Neki znanstvenici smatraju da neradijalna pulsiranja obuhvaćaju sve, dok su radijalna pulsiranja posebni slučaj. No razmatrati ih kao uzajamno isključiva je pogodno, jer općenito variraju s jednom vrstom ili drugom.

Izvori

Zvjezdana astronomija

Pulsirajuća promjenljiva zvijezda


(10545) Källunge, denumire internațională (10545) Kallunge, este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
10545 Källunge este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul La Silla în cadrul programului UESAC. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,24 ua, o excentricitate de 0,12 și o înclinație de 2,6° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 10001-11000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1992
Centura de asteroizi

10545 Källunge


Miss Venezuela 2012 fue la quincuagésima novena (59°) edición del certamen Miss Venezuela. Se llevó a cabo el 30 de agosto de 2012 en el Salón Naiguatá del Hotel Intercontinental Tamanaco, ubicado en la ciudad de Caracas. 24 candidatas de diversos estados y regiones del país compitieron por el título. Al final del evento Irene Esser, Miss Venezuela 2011, de Sucre, coronó a Gabriela Isler, de Guárico como su sucesora. De igual forma, se asignaron títulos a Elián Herrera de Aragua, como Miss Internacional Venezuela por parte de Blanca Aljibes, y Alyz Henrich, de Falcón, como Miss Tierra Venezuela por parte de Osmariel Villalobos.

El certamen estuvo conducido por el animador Leonardo Villalobos y la actriz Mariángel Ruiz, además de la participación especial de Ismael Cala y Eglantina Zingg. El jurado estuvo presidido por el escritor y animador Boris Izaguirre.

Fue transmitido en vivo y directo para toda Venezuela por Venevisión y Venevisión Plus, y al exterior por Venevisión International, Ve Plus TV y Univisión; también fue transmitido en alta definición para todos los suscriptores de DirecTV. Estuvo producido por trigésimo tercer año consecutivo por el vicepresidente de variedades de Venevisión, Joaquín Riviera. La presentación oficial a la prensa de las 24 candidatas del certamen fue el 14 de julio de 2012, durante un programa especial conducido por Carolina Indriago.

Resultados

Datos acerca de las delegadas
 Algunas de las delegadas del Miss Venezuela 2012 han participado, o participarán, en otros certámenes de importancia nacionales e internacionales:
 Daniela Chalbaud (Distrito Capital) ganó el Miss Intercontinental 2012 en Alemania.
 Rociree Silva (Península Guajira) participó sin éxito en el Reinado Panamericano de la Caña de Azúcar 2012 en Colombia.
 Nerys Díaz (Portuguesa) fue virreina del Reinado Mundial del Banano 2012 en Ecuador.
 Elian Herrera (Aragua) participó sin éxito en Miss Internacional 2013 en Japón.
 Alyz Henrich (Falcón) ganó el Miss Tierra 2013 en Filipinas.
 Gabriela Isler (Guárico) ganó el Miss Universo 2013 en Rusia.
 Ivanna Vale (Táchira) ganó el Reinado Internacional del Café 2013 en Colombia.
 María Teresa Solano (Barinas) fue Virreina en el Reinado Internacional del Trópico 2012, en Ecuador.
 Desiree Zambrano (Trujillo) ganó el Reinado Binacional de la Uva 2013 en Colombia.
 Mariana Romero (Apure) participó en Miss Latinoamérica 2014 en Panamá representando a Los Roques. Se posicionó como virreina.
 Vicmary Rivero (Lara) fue semifinalista de Miss América Latina 2014 en República Dominicana.
 Milunay Hull (Cojedes) fue 1° Finalista en el Reinado Internacional de la Panela 2014 en Colombia, además ganó el Miss World Next Top Model 2015 en el Líbano.

 Algunas de las delegadas nacieron o viven en otro estado, región o país al que representarán, o bien, tienen un origen étnico distinto:
 Gabriela Isler (Guárico) es de ascendencia y nacionalidad suiza.
 Claudia Baratta (Mérida), Oriana Lucchese (Miranda) y Ángela Ducallín (Monagas) son de ascendencia italiana.
 Rocireé Silva (Península Guajira) es de origen wayúu.
 María Luisa Lera (Carabobo) es de ascendencia española
 Otros datos significativos de algunas delegadas:
 9 de las 24 candidatas son originarias de los estados o regiones que representaron: Elián Herrera (Aragua), Keylis Rivero (Bolívar), María Luisa Lera (Carabobo), Daniela Chalbaud (Distrito Capital), Alyz Henrich (Falcón), Vicmary Rivero (Lara), Rocireé Silva (Península Goajira), Fanny Moreno (Vargas) y Noedy Olivares (Zulia).

Referencias

Concursos de belleza en 2012
Venezuela en 2012
Miss Venezuela por año

Miss Venezuela 2012


Amphisbetema, rod crvenih algi iz porodice Delesseriaceae, smješten u potporodicu Dasyoideae. Jedina vrsta je morska alga  A. indica čiji je tipični lokalitet atola Diego Garcia

Sinonimi
 Dasya indica J.Agardh 1886
 Wilsonaea indica (J.Agardh) De Toni 1903

Izvori

Delesseriaceae

Amphisbetema


Giacomo Laderchi (né à Faenza en  et mort à Rome le ) est un historien italien.

Biographie
Né dans le  à Faenza, d'une illustre famille de cette ville, il entra dans la Congrégation de l'Oratoire et s'y acquit une grande réputation par son savoir et sa piété. Il mourut à Rome le 25 avril 1738, à l'âge d'environ 60 ans.

Œuvres
Parmi ses nombreux ouvrages on se contentera de citer :

 Vita S. Petri Damiani, cardinalis ac episcopi Ostiensis, in sex libros distributa, Rome, 1702, 5 vol. in-4°. Cette histoire est intéressante, mais écrite avec une diffusion qui en rend la lecture fatigante; elle a été critiquée amèrement par Ant. Gatto, dans un écrit intitulé : Nugæ Laderchianæ ; dialogus Sejani et Rufi, Paris, 1705. (Voy. le Journal des savants, 1710, p. 61).
 De sacris basilicis SS. martyrum Petri et Marcellini dissertatio historica, ibid., 1705, in-4°. Il existe à Rome trois basiliques sous l'invocation de ces saints martyrs. La troisième, située dans l'enceinte de la ville, fut érigée en titre ou paroisse, sous le pontificat de St-Grégoire le Grand. L'auteur saisit cette occasion pour traiter des titres donnés d'abord à de simples prêtres, et réservés ensuite aux cardinaux, ainsi nommés du mot latin incardinatio, parce qu'ils sont attachés au gouvernement d'une église particulière.
 Acta passionis SS. martyr. Crescii et sociorum ex ms. cod. biblioth. Mediceo-Laurentianæ eruta, Florence, 1707. — Apologia pro Actis, etc., ibid., 1708, 2 vol. in-4° ;
 Acta S. Cæciliæ, et transtiberina basilica illustrata, Rome, 1722, 2 vol. in-4° ;
 Acta SS. Christi martyrum vindicata, ibid., 1723, 2 vol. in-4° ;
 La Critica d'oggidi o sia l'abuso della critica odierna, ibid., 1726, in-4° ;
 I Congressi litterari d'oggidì, Venise, 1754 ;
 Annales ecclesiatici ab anno 1571 ubi Odericus Raynaldus desinit, Rome, 1727, 1735 et 1757, 3 vol. in-fol. Cette continuation des Annales de Baronius, dont elle forme les tomes 12, 13 et 14, est peu estimée. L'édition de Cologne, 1755, est surtout remplie de fautes.

Le P. Laderchi a laissé plusieurs ouvrages en manuscrit. Voyez l'article que lui a consacré le P. Mittarelli, De litterat. Favent., p. 105.

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Historien italien du XVIIIe siècle
Décès en avril 1738
Naissance en 1678
Naissance à Faenza
Décès à Rome

Giacomo Laderchi


2011 අප්‍රේල් 11වන සඳුදින ජපාන සම්මත වේලාවෙන් 17:16 ට (සමායෝජිත විශ්ව වේලාවෙන් 08:16 ට) ජපානයේ ෆුකුෂිමා, හමදොරි කලාපයේ

මෙම භූ චලනය හටගත්තේ ඒකක 7.1 ක විශාලත්වයකින්යුතුවය. බටහිර ඉවාකි ප්‍රදේශයට කි.මි. 36 පමණ දුරින් රට අභ්‍යන්තරයට වන්න පොලව මට්ටම්න් කි.මි. 13 පමණ ගැඹුරින් අන්තර් භූකාරක තල සෙලවීම නිසා ඇති වූ පසුකම්පන තත්වය හේතුවෙන් මෙය හටගන්නා ලදී. මේ හේතුවෙන් ප්‍රදේශය පුරාවට පැතිරී ගිය තදබල සෙලවීම් තත්වයක් හටගැනුනි. මෙය එම වසරේ මාර්තු 11 දින ඇතිවූ ටෝහොකු භූ චලනයට පසුව ඇතිවූ ප්‍රභලතම පසු කම්පනය ලෙසද සැලකිය හැකිය.

සාමාන්‍ය විභේදන ආකාරයේ (එක් භූ තලයක් මත අනික පහලට ලිස්සායාම)  භූ චලනයක් මත හටගත් මෙම තත්වය හේතුවෙන් යාබද කඳුකර ප්‍රදේශ වල නායයෑම් ගණනාවක් සිදුවිය. භූ චලනයෙන් අනතුරුව නිවාස 220,000 කට පමණ විදුලිය විසන්ධි වූ අතර ගිනිගැනීම් කීපයක්ද වාර්තාවිය. බලධාරීන් විසින් සුනාමි අනතුරු තත්වයක් ප්‍රකාශ කලද පැහැදිලිව දැකියහැකි තරම් රළ තරංග වැඩිවීමක් නොවිණි. කම්පනය නිසා ගොඩනැගිලිවලට සුළු අලාභ හානි සිදුවුණු අතර පුද්ගල මරණ  හතරක්  සහ තුවාල වීම් දහයක් පමණ වාර්තාවිය.

භූ විද්‍යාත්මක පැහැදිලි කිරීම
2011 අප්‍රේල් 11 දින සමායෝජිත විශ්ව වේලාවෙන් 08:16 ට ටෝකියෝ නගරයට කි.මි 161 ඊසාන දිගින්, ඉවාකි ප්‍රදේශයට කි.මි. 36 ක් පමණ බටහිරට වන්නට පොලව මට්ටමින් කි.මි 13 ක් පමණ කේන්ද්‍රීය ගැඹුරකින් හටගත් මෙම භූ චලනයේ විශාලත්වය ඒකක 7.1ක් විය. භූ කම්පන ලක්ෂයට නැගෙනහිර දෙසින්, ජපානයේ විශාලතම දූපත වන හොන්ෂු හි ටෝහොකු ප්‍රදේශය මුළුමනින්ම වාගේ පිහිටා ඇත්තේ පැසිෆික්  සාගරික භූකාරක තලය මතය. නමුත් පැසිෆික්  සාගරික භූකාරක තලය, ඔක්හොට්ස්ක් මහාද්වීපික භූකාරක තලයට යටින් ඇතුලට කිඳා බසිමින් පවතී (තැටි මායිම් ආශ්‍රීතව සිදුවන, එක් තැටියක් යටින් තවත් තැටියක් ගිලා බැසීමේ සංසිද්ධිය). තැටි මායිම් අතර ඇතිවන ප්‍රතයාබල හේතුවෙන්,  භූ තල වලට ඇතුලතින් ඇති අධෝ ගෝලයේ  (අධෝ‍ගෝලය සුපිරි තාපනය ද්‍රව්‍යයක් මෙන් අර්ධ ද්‍රවීය ප්ලාස්ටික් වැනි තත්ත්වයක පවතී) වෙනස්වීම් ඇති කිරීම නිසා රට අභ්‍යන්තර නොගැඹුරු භූ විභේධන ඇතිවේ . මෙම අන්තර් තල භූ කම්පනය හටගත්තේ ඉඩොසාවා විභේධනය ආසන්නයේය. ඉඩොසාවා විභේධනය, හමදොරි කලාපයේ ඉවාකි හි  ටබිටෝ නගරය ආසන්නයේ පිහිටි නොගැඹුරු කබොලු විභේධනයක් වන අතර එය මෙතෙක් අක්‍රියව පැවතිනි.
අදාළ ප්‍රදේශයේ පසුව කරන ලද සමීක්ෂණ වලින් අනාවරණය වූයේ මතුපිටින් සිදු වූ විධාරණය කි.මි. 11 ක් තරම් දුරට විහිදෙන අතර විභේධන මොහොර ඇති කරමින් මීටර් 0.8 සිට  1.5දක්වා ප්‍රමාන වලින් තිරස් භූමි විස්තාපන සිදුව ඇතිබවයි. වැඩිම විස්ථාපනයක් සටහන් වූයේ ශිඔනොහිරා නම් කුඩා ගම්මානයක වූ අතර එය මීටර 2.3 විය.
මාර්තු 11 දින සිදුවූ ටොහොකු  භූ චලනය ඒකක 9.0 ක විශාලත්වයක් සහිතව ප්‍රභල  භූ කම්පන ඇති කරමින් වෙරල තීරයෙන් කි.මි. 235 ක් දුරින් ඊසාන දෙසින් සිදුවූ අතර එහි පසුකම්පන තත්වයක් ලෙස ෆුකුෂිමා භූ චලනය හඳුනාගෙන ඇත. මීට අමතරව පසු කම්පන 67 ක් පමණ සිදු වී ඇති අතර ඒවායෙහි  සාමාන්‍ය  ඒකක 6.0 හෝ එට වැඩි විශාලත්වයකින් යුතු විය.  ගොඩබිම දෙසට වන්නට භූ කම්පන ලක්ෂය පිහිටමින් සිදුවූ ප්‍රභලතම භූ චලනය ෆුකුෂිමා භූ චලනය වේ . එදිනම එම භූ කම්පන ලක්ෂයට ආසන්නයේ ඒකක 3.5 කට වඩා විශාලත්වයෙන් යුතු සුළු කම්පන 11 ක් පමණ ආරම්භක භූ චලනයට පසුව පැය 3 ත් 4 ත් අතර කාලයකදී  සිදුවිය. අප්‍රේල් 12 වන දිනද නොගැඹුරු මුහුදු ප්‍රදේශ වල ඒකක 6 ක් පමණ විශාලත්වයෙන් යුතු කම්පන ඇති විය.

බලපෑම්

භූ කම්පනය හටගත්තේ මධ්‍යාහ්නය පසුවී  මද වෙලාවකට පසුව ෆුකුෂිමා දිස්ත්‍රිකයේ තරමක් ජනාකීර්ණ ප්‍රදේශයකය. නමුත් මෙහි වූ බොහොමයක් ගොඩනැගිලි භූ චලන වලට ඔරොත්තු දීමේ හැකියව සහිතව සාදා තිබුණි. අවට ප්‍රදේශ කීපයක් පුරාම පැතිරුණු මෙම භූ චලනය උපරිමයක් සටහන් වූයේ ඉෂිකාවා නගරයේය. එය මෙර්කලි තීව‍්‍රතා පරිමාණයේ ඒකක  අටක්  (MM VIII) ලෙස සටහන් විය.  තවත් ප්‍රභල කම්පනයක් (MM VI) ඉවාකි  ප්‍රදේශයේත්, සුකවගා, කුරොඉසෝ, ඔටවරා සහ කිතයිබරාකි ආදී ප්‍රදේශ වල සුළු කම්පන තත්වයකුත්(MM IV) පැතිරයන ලදී. . භූ කම්පන ලක්ෂයේ සිට  කිලෝමීටර සියගණනක් දුර පැතිර ගිය මෙම භූ කම්පන ටෝකියෝ සහ යොකොහොමා ආදී ප්‍රදේශ වලටද දැනෙන ලදී. නිවාස සහ ගොඩනැගිලි 220,000 පමණ විදුලිය විසන්ධි වූ අතර (වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයක් ඉවාකි ප්‍රදේශය ආශ්‍රිතවය) හදිසි ආරක්ෂක තත්ත්ව මාත භූ කම්පන ලක්ෂයේ සිට  කිලෝමීටර 70 පමණ දුරින් පිහිටි ෆුකුෂිමා ඩයිචි විදුලි ජනන න්‍යෂ්ටික බලාගාරයේ සේවකයන් වහා ආරක්ෂා කාරීව ඉවත්කරන ලද අතර අභ්‍යන්තර බල සැපයුමද කපාහරින ලදී. විදුලිබලය ඇණහිටවූ කාලසීමාව තුල එම විදුලිබලාගාරයේ න්‍යෂ්ටික ප්‍රතික්‍රියාකාරක තුනක ජල සිසිලන පද්ධති වලටද බාධා ඇති විය. නමුත් 18:05 JST  වන විට එය නැවතත් යථාතත්වයට පත්කරන ලදී. බලධරයින් විසින් ක්ෂණිකව ටෝකියෝ අන්තර්ජාතික ගුවන්තොටුපලේ ගුවන්ගමන්ද නැගෙනහිර ජපාන දුම්රිය සමාගමේ දුම්රිය ප්‍රවාහන කටයුතුද තාවකාලිකව අත්හිටුවන ලදී.

භූ චලනය හේතුවෙන් ඉවාකි ප්‍රදේශයේ ගිනිගැනීම් කීපයක්ම ඇතිවූ අතර අසකාවා නගරයේ එක් ගිනිගැනීමක් වාර්තා විය. ඩයිචි සැන්කියෝහි ඔන්හමා ස්වභාවික ද්‍රවිත වායු නිෂ්පාදන කර්මාන්ත ශාලාවකද විශාල ගින්නක් හටගැනුනි. ගොඩනැගිලි විශාලවශයෙන් අලාභ හානියට ලක්වූයේ ඉවාකි ප්‍රදේශය අවට නාය යාම් සහ පස්  හා ගල් කඳු කඩාවැටීමෙනි.  එම නගරයේ නාය යෑම් හේතුවෙන් වාහන දෙකක් සහ නිවාස තුනක් පුද්ගලයින් සමග යටවිය. විනාශය සිදු  වූ සැනින් පුද්ගල මරණ දෙකක් සිදුව ඇති අතර බරපතල ලබා රෝහලට ඇතුලත්කල හතරදෙනෙකුගෙන් එක් අයෙක් පසුව මියගිය බව වාර්තා විය. පැහැදිලි භූමි විපර්යාසද බහුලව දැකිය හැකි විය.

ප්‍රතිචාර දැක්වීම්
ප්‍රධාන කම්පනය ඇතිවීමට තත්පර 6.8කට පෙර පළමු කම්පන තරංග ඇතිවූ සැනින්,  භූ කම්පනය පිළිබඳව පෙර අනතුරු ඇඟවීම් පද්ධතිය සක්‍රිය වූ අතර එමගින් නිවැසියන් සහ ගොඩනැගිලි වල සිටියවුන්ට අනතුර සඳහා සූදානම් වීමට ඉතා කෙටි කාලයක් ලැබුණි. මීටර 2 ක් පමණ උසකට සුනාමි රළ ඇතිවේයයි ජපාන කාලගුණ විද්‍යා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවෙන් අනතුරු ඇඟවීම් කලද එවං තත්වයක් දක්නට නොලැබුණි. වහාම ගිනි නිවීමේ හමුදා කණ්ඩායම් ආපදා හෝ අනතුරු සිදුවීම් සොයා කඩිනමින් පිටත්කරවා හරින ලදී.

මේවාද බලන්න
භූචලන
නායයෑම්
විභේදන (භූ විද්‍යාව)

මූලාශ්‍ර

බාහිර සබැඳි
 News Report from CBS (video)
 Earthquake Report from the United States Geological Survey

අප්‍රේල් 2011 ෆුකුෂිමා භූ චලනය


Rheydt () is a borough of the German city Mönchengladbach, located in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia. Until 1918 and then again from 1933 (due to a split from Mönchengladbach arranged by Joseph Goebbels, who was born there) through 1975 it was an independent city.
After merging with Mönchengladbach, the central station (Rheydt Hauptbahnhof) kept its original name, making Mönchengladbach the only city in Germany to have two stations called Hauptbahnhof.

Schloss Rheydt, one of the best-preserved palaces of the Renaissance period, is located in Rheydt.

Mayors 1808–1974
1808–1823: Dietrich Lenßen
1823–1857: Johann David Büschgens
1857–1877: Carl Theodorf von Velsen
1877–1893: Emil Pahlke
1893–1901: Dr. Wilhelm Strauß
1901–1905: Dr. Karl August Tettenborn
1906–1920: Paul Lehwald
1920–1929: Dr. Oskar Graemer
1929–1930: Franz Gielen
1930–1933: Dr. Johannes Handschumacher
1933: Wilhelm Pelzer
1934–1936: Edwin Renatus Robert August Hasenjaeger
1936–1940: Heinz Gebauer
1940–1945: Dr. Alexander Doemens
1945: August Brocher
1945–1948: Dr. Carl Marcus
1948–1950: Heinrich Pesch
1950–1956: Johannes Scheulen
1956–1961: Wilhelm Schiffer
1961–1963: Dr. Friedrich Hinnah
1963–1964: Fritz Rahmen
1964–1969: Wilhelm Schiffer
1969–1974: Fritz Rahmen

Demographic development

Note: ¹ - census

Notable residents
1815, May 15, Friedrich Beckenbach, renamed Brookland + Jan 28 1892 in Rheydt, textile entrepreneur in Prussia, Holland and Yorkshire England, son of Johann Heinrich Beckenbach of Lenssen & Beckenbach, Rheydt
1859, February 3, Hugo Junkers, † February 3, 1935 in Gauting, engineer
1863, May 30, Klara Hechtenberg Collitz, † November 22, 1944 in Baltimore, German philologist
1876, September 4, Ernst Jakob Christoffel, † April 23, 1955 in Isfahan, founder of the Christoffel-Blindenmission
1894, August 29, Werner Gilles, † June 22, 1961 in Essen, artist
1894, February 24, Josef Arndgen, † September 20, 1966 in Wiesbaden, German politician (CDU)
1897, October 29, Joseph Goebbels, † May 1, 1945 in Berlin, Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda during the Nazi regime
1898, July 24, Peter Erkens, † October 22, 1972 in Mönchengladbach, politician
1910, Emil Vorster, † 1976, race driver
1913, December 18, Wilhelm Schmitter, † November 8, 1943 in action over London, World War II Luftwaffe bomber pilot
1917, June 2, Heinz Sielmann, † October 6, 2006 in Munich, film maker
1918, May 6, Ruth Lommel,† 22 June 2012, actress
1919, June 3, Herbert Huppertz † June 8, 1944 Caen, Killed in Airbattle with American fighters. German Ace on FW 190 with 78 kills
1925, A. Edward Nussbaum, † 31 October 2009 in St. Louis, Missouri, theoretical mathematician
1928, April 1, Hermin Esser, tenor, † 2009 in Wiesbaden,
1930, May 16, Karl Heinz Beckurts, † July 9, 1986 in Straßlach, Munich, physicist, killed by Red Army Faction
1932, August 25, Alexander Arnz, † September 30, 2004 in Cologne, director
1936, August 9, Uwe Erichsen, author
1949, November 24, Christa Muth, systems scientist
1967, May 18, Heinz-Harald Frentzen, race driver
1973, February 24, Sonja Oberem, marathon runner
1977, May 10, Nick Heidfeld, race driver

References

External links

Rheydt-Online - a city guide to Rheydt

Mönchengladbach
Former municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia

Rheydt


El Guarco es el cantón octavo de la provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica.

La ciudad cabecera es El Tejar, que se localiza aproximadamente a 2 kilómetros al suroeste de la ciudad de Cartago, en el Valle de El Guarco, por lo que forma parte de la conurbación de Cartago.

Toponimia

El nombre del cantón es en memoria del cacique huetar El Guarco, que habitó en la región.

Historia
En la época precolombina el territorio que actualmente corresponde al cantón de El Guarco estuvo habitado por indígenas del llamado reino huetar de Oriente, que eran dominios del cacique Guarco, quien murió antes o a principios de la Conquista, asumiendo el cacicazgo su hijo Correque. El pueblo Tobosi es anterior a la llegada de los españoles.

Don Juan de Cavallón, en 1561, envió una expedición al mando de don Ignacio de Cota, quien descubrió el valle de El Guarco. El conquistador don Juan Vázquez de Coronado, en junio de 1563, efectuó un reconocimiento de este valle con el propósito de comprobar las referencias favorables que le había suministrado don Juan de Illanes de Castro sobre el sitio; y escoger el lugar para trasladar la población de Garcimuñoz, que se había fundado en el valle de Santa Ana. Fue así como trazó los linderos para el nuevo asentamiento, que se ubicó entre los ríos Coris y Purires, el cual denominó Ciudad de Cartago, por llamarse esta provincia, en esa época, Nuevo Cartago y Costa Rica. En marzo del año siguiente, los habitantes de Garcimuñoz, dada las condiciones desfavorables de ese sitio se trasladaron al nuevo lugar. Este poblado luego se llamó Ciudad de Lodo, debido al terreno arcilloso y a las constantes inundaciones, que originaban grandes lodazales.

En el repartimiento de indios efectuada por don Perafán de Ribera en 1569, Tobosi aparecía dividido en Guayacacic con 50 nativos y Tobosi con 100; encomiendas de don Juan de Zárate y Juan de Cárdenas, respectivamente. En 1572 don Perafán decidió pasar a la población de Cartago, localizada entre los ríos Coris y Purires, al llano de Mata Redonda, en el actual cantón de San José. En la visita efectuada a la provincia por Monseñor don Pedro Agustín Morel de Santa Cruz, Obispo de Nicaragua y Costa Rica, en 1751, Tobosi, cuyo titular es San Juan, tenía catorce casas formando cuatro calles que daban a la plaza, diecisiete familias, y cuarenta y siete personas. Hasta el año de 1613 Tobosi dependió de Barva, en que fue agregado a Cartago.

La primera ermita de la región se construyó entre 1570 y 1581. En 1900 se iniciaron las gestiones para edificar una iglesia y una casa cural, en el barrio La Concepción, actual ciudad de El Tejar. Durante el episcopado de Monseñor don Juan Gaspar Stork Werth, tercer Obispo de Costa Rica, en el año de 1914, se erigió la Parroquia, dedicada a la Inmaculada Concepción, la cual actualmente es sufragánea de la Arquidiócesis de San José, de la provincia Eclesiástica de Costa Rica. En decreto de la Santa Sede, emitido por el papa Juan Pablo II, el 6 de julio de 1985, se le otorgó a la Parroquia de El Guarco el título de Basílica; la cual se consagró el 15 de diciembre del mismo año.

En ley No 63 de 4 de noviembre de 1825, Tobosi constituyó un pueblo del distrito Cartago del Departamento Oriental uno de los dos en que se dividió, en esa oportunidad el territorio del Estado. El 18 de octubre de 1915, se promulgó la ley No. 20, sobre división territorial para efectos administrativos, en la que aparecen los barrios Concepción, San Isidro, Tobosi y El Tablón conformando el distrito sétimo del cantón de Cartago.

En la división territorial escolar de 1886 aparecen como distritos escolares Concepción (hoy ciudad de El Tejar) y Tobosi con los números cinco y catorce, respectivamente, del cantón de Cartago. La primera escuela se construyó en 1894, en la administración de don José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón, que actualmente lleva el nombre de Escuela Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno. El Colegio Elías Leiva Quirós, inició sus actividades docentes en marzo de 1970, en el gobierno de José Joaquín Trejos Fernández.

En 1923 se iniciaron gestiones para instalar la cañería y dos años después para el alumbrado eléctrico y el telégrafo, en el segundo gobierno de don Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.

El 3 de febrero de 1941 se llevó a cabo la primera sesión del Concejo de El Guarco, integrado por los regidores propietarios, señores Antonio Rojas Camacho, Presidente; Jesús Ortiz Monge, Vicepresidente; y Emilio Granados Granados. El Secretario Municipal fue don Carlos Leiva Leiva y el Jefe Político don Rafael Ángel Alfaro Brenes.
En la División Territorial Administrativa publicada en 1942, por la Dirección General de Estadística, aparece El Tejar como Villa.

Posteriormente, el 16 de agosto de 1969, en la administración de don José Joaquín Trejos Fernández, se decretó la ley No. 4379, que le confirió a la villa la categoría de Ciudad.

Cantonato
El cantón de El Guarco fue creado por ley 195 de 26 de julio de 1939, como número ocho de la provincia de Cartago, con cuatro distritos. Se designó como cabecera el barrio de El Tejar.

El Guarco procede del cantón de Cartago, establecido este último en ley No. 36 de 7 de diciembre de 1848.

Posteriormente, mediante Ley 19880-C del 9 de mayo de 1990, El Guarco fue declarado como cantón de interés histórico cultural.

Ubicación
Se ubica básicamente a lo largo de las primeras estribaciones de la cordillera de Talamanca, en su vertiente del Mar Caribe, siendo este sistema montañoso una divisoria de aguas natural.

Sus límites son:
Norte: Cartago
Sur: Desamparados  y Dota
Oeste: Cartago y Desamparados
Este: Cartago

Geografía

Cuenta con una forma alargada, ligeramente rectangular.

La anchura máxima es de treinta y tres kilómetros, en dirección noroeste a sureste, desde el sector norte de villa Tobosi hasta unos 2.800 metros al sureste del poblado Ojo de Agua, sobre la ruta 2 (carretera Interamericana), que une las ciudades de El Tejar y San Isidro de El General.

División administrativa
El cantón consta de cuatro distritos:
El Tejar
San Isidro
Tobosi
Patio de Agua

Demografía

El Tejar concentra poco más del 65% de la población total del cantón.

De acuerdo al censo nacional del 2011, la población del cantón es de 41.793 habitantes, de los cuales el 2,8% nació en el extranjero. El mismo censo destaca que había 10.831 viviendas ocupadas, de las cuales, el 73,2% se encontraba en buen estado y había problemas de hacinamiento en el 2,5% de las viviendas. El 87,7% de sus habitantes vivían en áreas urbanas.

Entre otros datos, el nivel de alfabetismo del cantón es del 98,4%, con una escolaridad promedio de 8,3 años.

El censo nacional de 2011 detalla que la población económicamente activa se distribuye de la siguiente manera:
 Sector Primario: 12,1%
 Sector Secundario: 28,7%
 Sector Terciario: 59,2%

Cultura

Deportes
El deporte más destacado es el boxeo olímpico. El Guarco ha sido dos veces Campeón de Juegos Deportivos Nacionales (2007 y 2009). En las últimas ediciones de las Justas Nacionales El Guarco ha llevado equipos de atletismo, ciclismo, boxeo, taekwondo y tenis de mesa.

Municipal Guarco es el equipo de fútbol que representa este cantón, juega actualmente en la Primera División de LINAFA (correspondiente a la Tercera División de Costa Rica).

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Municipalidad de El Guarco

 Amenazas naturales a El Guarco

El Guarco

Cantón de El Guarco


La  est une grande unité soviétique qui monta la garde en Transbaïkalie face aux Japonais, de 1941 à 1945, puis a participé à l'offensive soviétique de Mandchourie en août 1945.

En 1976, la  combinée (en russe , en abrégé 36 ОА) a été recréée au sein de l'Armée de terre soviétique, affectée de nouveau à la Transbaïkalie jusqu'en 1989. Reconstitué en 1997 dans l'Armée de terre russe en Sibérie orientale, elle fait actuellement partie du district militaire est.

Armée soviétique

Seconde Guerre mondiale
Face à la menace japonaise présente au Mandchoukouo, la  soviétique est constituée en juillet 1941 dans le  à partir du  de fusiliers, incluant les , ,  et , ainsi que les  et . La  ainsi que la  forment l'essentiel du front de Transbaïkalie en septembre 1941.

Pour l'offensive soviétique de Mandchourie en août 1945, l'armée comprend les  et  de fusiliers, ainsi que les  et  de fusiliers, renforcés avec des unités de tanks, d'artillerie et de sapeurs prélevées en Europe centrale. L'offensive fut efficace et rapide : dès le  l'armée franchi l'Argoun, avec une avance de  en un jour. Hailar est encerclée dès le deuxième jour (elle tombe le 18). Le Grand Khingan est traversé, Zhalantun prise le 17, Qiqihar le 19. Après la capitulation de l'armée japonaise du Guandong, l'armée japonaise procède au désarmement des troupes japonaises.

La  revient en Sibérie dès l'automne 1945, avec son état-major à Tchita. Une partie des unités de l'armée sont dissoutes car les militaires sont massivement démobilisés en 1946. L'armée est dissoute en juillet 1948.

Guerre froide

En avril 1968, les tensions entre l'Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques et la république populaire de Chine entraîne la recréation du  d'armée à Borzia en Transbaïkalie.

En juin 1976, le corps d'armée devient la nouvelle  combinée, avec la majorité de ses forces autour de Tchita. Son ordre de bataille dans les années 1980 est le suivant :
 État-major à Borzia
  de missiles antiaériens à Borzia
  de missiles à Nertchinsk
  d'artillerie à
  de fusiliers motorisés de la Garde à  et à
  de fusiliers motorisés de la Garde à Sretensk, ,  et
  de fusiliers motorisés de la Garde à
  fortifiée à Docatoun
  fortifiée à
  fortifiée à
  fortifiée à Krasnokamensk
  fortifiée à Daouria

Les effectifs de l'armée sont de nouveau réduits en 1989, d'où sa transformation en  le .

Armée russe
Les restes du  d'armée sont transférés à l'Armée de terre russe en 1992. La grande unité est renommée  combinée en 1997, avec état-major à Borzia. En 2009, ce dernier déménage à Oulan-Oudé.

Depuis la réforme de 2010, le district militaire de l'Est dispose de cinq grandes unités pour protéger la Sibérie orientale et l'Extrême-Orient russe : de l'ouest vers l'est, la  (à Oulan-Oudé, au sud du Baïkal), la  (à Tchita, en Transbaïkalie), la  (à Belogorsk, sur les rives de l'Amour), la  (à Oussouriïsk près de Vladivostok, au bord du Pacifique) et le  (à Ioujno-Sakhalinsk, sur Sakhaline).

Composition
L'armée est composée des unités suivantes en 2018 :
  de commandement, à Sosnovy Bor et Oulan-Oudé ;
  de chars de la Garde Tatsinski (94 T-72B, 49 BMP-1, 6 BTR-80A, 3 BRM-3K Rys, 36 2S3 Akatsiya, 18 BM-21 Grad, 8 2S12 Sani, 12 9K331 Tor-M2U, 6 9K34/35 Strela-10, 6 ZSU-23-4 Shilka et 36 9K38 Igla), à Oulan-Oudé ;
  de fusiliers motorisés de la Garde « cosaques du Don » Budapechtskaïa (120 BMP-2, 41 T-72B, 36 BTR-80, 4 BRDM-2, 36 2S3 Akatsiya, 18 2B17-1 Tornado-G, 12 2S12 Sani, 12 MT-12 Rapira, 12 9P149 Chtourm-S, 12 9A33 Osa, 6 9K34/35 Strela-10, 6 2S6M Tunguska et 27 9K38 Igla), à Kyakhta ;
  d'artillerie (8 BM-27 Ouragan, 36 2S1 Gvozdika, 6 MT-12 Rapira et 18 9P149 Chtourm-S), à Oulan-Oudé ;
  de missiles antiaériens de la Garde, à Oulan-Oudé ;
  de missiles (12 Iskander-M), à Oulan-Oudé ;
  de défense NBC (9 TOS-1 Buratino, 18 BMO-T avec RPO-A Chmel, véhicules de reconnaissance chimique, véhicules de décontamination et générateurs de fumée), au village d'Onokhoye ;
  de soutien logistique, à Sosnovy Bor.

Invasion de l'Ukraine en 2022

Déployés pour les manœuvres Zapad-2021, environ sept groupes tactiques de bataillon (BTG) de la  sont identifiés en Biélorussie pendant l'hiver 2021-2022. Le , premier jour de l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie, les unités de pointe de la  pénètrent sur le territoire ukrainien, en roulant plein sud sur la rive droite du Dniepr, à l'ouest du réservoir de Kiev. La colonne russe passe donc à travers la zone d'exclusion de Tchernobyl, par la ville fantôme de Poliske, puis Krassiatytchi, Ivankiv et Borodianka.

À la mi-mars, deux BTG de la  de tanks ainsi que deux BTG de la  de fusiliers motorisés sont localisés près de Makariv, à l'ouest de Kyiv. Un bataillon de la  est accusé d'avoir commis des crimes de guerre sur des civils à la fin mars, le service de renseignements du ministère ukrainien de la Défense publiant même la liste des  de ce BTG.

Au , les unités de la  évacuent ,  et Makariv, battant en retraite jusqu'en Biélorussie au tout début d'avril, deux BTG des  et  couvrant ses arrières. La frontière près de Prypiat est atteinte par les troupes ukrainiennes le . Au , la  est la dernière grande unité russe en territoire biélorusse, son état-major étant toujours à proximité de Retchytsa.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
  .

Articles connexes
 Histoire militaire de l'Union soviétique
 Armée de terre russe#Districts militaires et armées

Unité ou formation militaire créée en 1941
Armée soviétique de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Unité militaire soviétique
Unité ou formation militaire créée en 1997
Unité militaire russe

36e armée (Russie)


شريف عرفه مخرج و منتج أفلام مصري .
 شريف عرفة
 شريف عرفة (كاتب) كاتب مصري .

انظر أيضا
 شريف (توضيح)
 شريف أباد (توضيح)
 شريف الوزاني (توضيح)
 ميت شريف (توضيح)
 نظارة محمد شريف باشا (توضيح)
 الشريف (توضيح)
 أحمد الشريف (توضيح)
 أولاد الشريف (توضيح)
 جمال الشريف (توضيح)
 دار الشريف (توضيح)
 محمد الشريف (توضيح)
 علي الشريف (توضيح)
 شريفة (توضيح)
 شريفي (توضيح)
 الحرم الشريف (توضيح)
 الحرمان الشريفان (توضيح)
 شريفية (توضيح)
 الشرفة (توضيح)

ألقاب النسب
صفحات توضيح أسماء أماكن

شريف عرفة (توضيح)


Harik Köşkü, (yangın köşkü) İstanbul'da çıkan yangınları görmek ve haber vermek üzere yapılmış binanın adıydı. Beyazıt'ta konumlanan bu ahşap yangın kulesi yanınca, yerine şimdiki kule yapılmıştır.

Harik Köşkü'nde "dideban" adı verilen gözcü tarafından fark edilen yangın, "köşklü" adı verilen haberci ile mahalle bekçilerine iletilirdi.

Osmanlı konakları
İstanbul'daki köşkler

Harik Köşkü


Viken (Old Norse: Vík or Víkin), or Vika, was the historical name during the Viking Age and the High Middle Ages for an area of Scandinavia that originally surrounded the Oslofjord and included the coast of Bohuslän. Its definition changed over time, and from the Middle Ages, Viken included only Bohuslän.

During the Viking Age, Viken was defined as the strait running between Norway and the southwest coast of Sweden and the Jutland peninsula of Denmark. It is located in what is now southeastern Norway and the southwestern Swedish province of Bohuslän. During the Viking Age, Viken was the northernmost Danish province. Control over Viken shifted between Danish and Norwegian kings in the Middle Ages, and Denmark continued to claim Viken until 1241.

Viken was also controversially chosen as a neologistic name for the administrative region consisting of a merger of the counties of Akershus, Buskerud, and Østfold.

History
The cultural hub is centred in Oslo, but the capital of the region was formerly at Borre. This area included the important cities of Tønsberg, Oslo, Sarpsborg and Konghelle. There is disagreement among modern historians as to where the boundaries of the geographical area called Viken were during the Viking era. It is commonly believed to have comprised the historical provinces of Vestfold, Ranrike, Vingulmark, Grenland and Båhuslen.

Historically the Danish kings had established dominion over the area. Norwegian royal power began to assert itself in Viken with King Olav Haraldsson, mostly due to a sharp weakening of the Danish royal power. Olaf first declared himself king of Norway in 1015 and established control of the nation in battle, principally the Battle of Nesjar in 1016. King Olav subsequently founded the city of Sarpsborg in Viken during 1016.

During the Civil war era in Norway, the Bagler faction frequently established themselves in the Viken area. The wealthier classes, particularly in Viken, were the basis of the Bagler party. The Norwegian kings achieved full authority with developments which reached its peak when the national capital was established at Oslo during the reign of King Haakon V of Norway in 1314.

Etymology
Viken is derived from the Old Norse word vík, meaning an inlet or creek (UK). The English cognate is the -wich in many placenames (and after the earl of that place: 'sandwich'). The modern Norwegian form Vika is derived from the definite form, Víkin (O.N. -in > M.Norw. -ĩ > Norw. -a), whilst the form Viken is derived partially from its Danish cognate, Vigen (Norwegianized to Viken in Riksmål), and partially from the local dative case name, Viken (pronounced in tone 2).

Various theories have been offered that the word "viking" may be derived from this place name, meaning "a person from Viken". According to this theory, originally the word "viking" simply described persons from this area, and that it is only in the last few centuries that it has taken on the broader sense of early medieval Scandinavians in general.

References

Other sources
Faarlund, Jan Terje (2008) The Syntax of Old Norse: With a survey of the inflectional morphology and a complete bibliography (Oxford University Press)
Sigurdsson, Jon Vidar (2008) Det norrøne samfunnet (Oslo:forlaget Pax)
 Norseng, Per G.; Nedkvitne, Arnved (2000) Middelalderbyen ved Bjørvika: Oslo 1000-1536 (Oslo: Cappelen)
Haugen, Einar (1965) Norwegian-English Dictionary (University of Wisconsin Press)
Helle, Knut (1964) Norge blir en stat, 1130–1319 (Universitetsforlaget)

Historical regions
History of Bohuslän
History of Oslo
History of Viken (county)
Petty kingdoms of Norway

Viken (region)


Cet article relate le parcours de l'équipe de Serbie lors de la Coupe du monde de football 2022 organisée au Qatar du 20 novembre au .

Qualifications

|}

Préparation

Matchs de préparation à la Coupe du monde
Liste détaillée des matches du Serbie depuis sa qualification à la Coupe du monde :

Match amicaux

Ligue des Nations

Effectif
L'effectif de Serbie, est dévoilé le .

Compétition

Premier tour

Brésil - Serbie

Cameroun - Serbie

Serbie - Suisse

Statistiques

Temps de jeu

Buteurs

Passeurs décisifs

Notes et références

2022
Serbie
Sport en Serbie en 2022

Équipe de Serbie de football à la Coupe du monde 2022


The Saturn IB (also known as the uprated Saturn I) was an American launch vehicle commissioned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the Apollo program. It uprated the Saturn I by replacing the S-IV second stage (, 43,380,000 lb-sec total impulse), with the S-IVB (, 96,000,000 lb-sec total impulse). The S-IB first stage also increased the S-I baseline's thrust from  to  and propellant load by 3.1%. This increased the Saturn I's low Earth orbit payload capability from  to , enough for early flight tests of a  half-fueled Apollo command and service module (CSM) or a fully fueled Apollo Lunar Module (LM), before the larger Saturn V needed for lunar flight was ready.

By sharing the S-IVB upper stage, the Saturn IB and Saturn V provided a common interface to the Apollo spacecraft. The only major difference was that the S-IVB on the Saturn V burned only part of its propellant to achieve Earth orbit, so it could be restarted for trans-lunar injection. The S-IVB on the Saturn IB needed all of its propellant to achieve Earth orbit.

The Saturn IB launched two uncrewed CSM suborbital flights to a height of 162 km, one uncrewed LM orbital flight, and the first crewed CSM orbital mission (first planned as Apollo 1, later flown as Apollo 7). It also launched one orbital mission, AS-203, without a payload so the S-IVB would have residual liquid hydrogen fuel. This mission supported the design of the restartable version of the S-IVB used in the Saturn V, by observing the behavior of the liquid hydrogen in weightlessness.

In 1973, the year after the Apollo lunar program ended, three Apollo CSM/Saturn IBs ferried crews to the Skylab space station. In 1975, one last Apollo/Saturn IB launched the Apollo portion of the joint US-USSR Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). A backup Apollo CSM/Saturn IB was assembled and made ready for a Skylab rescue mission, but never flown.

The remaining Saturn IBs in NASA's inventory were scrapped after the ASTP mission, as no use could be found for them and all heavy lift needs of the US space program could be serviced by the cheaper and more versatile Titan III family and also the Space Shuttle.

History
In 1959, NASA's Silverstein Committee issued recommendations to develop the Saturn class launch vehicles, growing from the C-1. When the Apollo program was started in 1961 with the goal of landing men on the Moon, NASA chose the Saturn I for Earth orbital test missions. However, the Saturn I's payload limit of  to 162 km would allow testing of only the command module with a smaller propulsion module attached, as the command and service module would have a dry weight of at least , in addition to service propulsion and reaction control fuel. In July 1962, NASA announced selection of the C-5 for the lunar landing mission, and decided to develop another launch vehicle by upgrading the Saturn I, replacing its S-IV second stage with the S-IVB, which would also be modified for use as the Saturn V third stage. The S-I first stage would also be upgraded to the S-IB by improving the thrust of its engines and removing some weight. The new Saturn IB, with a payload capability of at least , would replace the Saturn I for Earth orbit testing, allowing the command and service module to be flown with a partial fuel load. It would also allow launching the  lunar excursion module separately for uncrewed and crewed Earth orbital testing, before the Saturn V was ready to be flown. It would also give early development to the third stage.

On May 12, 1966, NASA announced the vehicle would be called the "uprated Saturn I", at the same time the "lunar excursion module" was renamed the lunar module. However, the "uprated Saturn I" terminology was reverted to Saturn IB on December 2, 1967.

By the time it was developed, the Saturn IB payload capability had increased to . By 1973, when it was used to launch three Skylab missions, the first-stage engine had been upgraded further, raising the payload capability to .

Specifications

Launch vehicle

Payload configurations

S-IB stage

The S-IB stage was built by the Chrysler corporation at the Michoud Assembly Facility, New Orleans. It was powered by eight Rocketdyne H-1 rocket engines burning RP-1 fuel with liquid oxygen (LOX). Eight Redstone tanks (four holding fuel and four holding LOX) were clustered around a Jupiter rocket LOX tank, which earned the rocket the nickname "Cluster's Last Stand". The four outboard engines were mounted on gimbals, allowing them to be steered to control the rocket. Eight fins surrounding the base thrust structure provided aerodynamic stability and control.

Data from:

S-IVB-200 stage

The S-IVB was built by the Douglas Aircraft Company at Huntington Beach, California. The S-IVB-200 model was similar to the S-IVB-500 third stage used on the Saturn V, with the exception of the interstage adapter, smaller auxiliary propulsion control modules, and lack of on-orbit engine restart capability. It was powered by a single Rocketdyne J-2 engine. The fuel and oxidizer tanks shared a common bulkhead, which saved about ten tons of weight and reduced vehicle length over ten feet.

Instrument unit

IBM built the instrument unit at the Space Systems Center in Huntsville, Alabama. Located at the top of the S-IVB stage, it consisted of a Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC), an inertial platform, accelerometers, a tracking, telemetry and command system and associated environmental controls. It controlled the entire rocket from just before liftoff until battery depletion. Like other rocket guidance systems, it maintained its state vector (position and velocity estimates) by integrating accelerometer measurements, sent firing and steering commands to the main engines and auxiliary thrusters, and fired the appropriate ordnance and solid rocket motors during staging and payload separation events.

As with other rockets, a completely independent and redundant range safety system could be invoked by ground radio command to terminate thrust and to destroy the vehicle should it malfunction and threaten people or property on the ground. In the Saturn IB and V, the range safety system was permanently disabled by ground command after safely reaching orbit. This was done to ensure that the S-IVB stage would not inadvertently rupture and create a cloud of debris in orbit that could endanger the crew of the Apollo CSM.

Launch sequence events

Acceleration of the Saturn IB increased from 1.24G at liftoff to a maximum of 4.35G at the end of the S-IB stage burn, and increased again from 0G to 2.85G from stage separation to the end of the S-IVB burn.

AS-206, 207, and 208 inserted the Command and Service Module in a  elliptical orbit which was co-planar with the Skylab one. The SPS engine of the Command and Service Module was used at orbit apogee to achieve a Hohmann transfer to the Skylab orbit at .

Saturn IB vehicles and launches

The first five Saturn IB launches for the Apollo program were made from LC-34 and LC-37, Cape Kennedy Air Force Station.

The Saturn IB was used between 1973 and 1975 for three crewed Skylab flights, and one Apollo-Soyuz Test Project flight. This final production run did not have alternating black and white S-IB stage tanks, or vertical stripes on the S-IVB aft tank skirt, which were present on the earlier vehicles. Since LC-34 and 37 were inactive by then, these launches utilized Kennedy Space Center's LC-39B. Mobile Launcher Platform No. 1 was modified, adding an elevated platform known as the "milkstool" to accommodate the height differential between the Saturn IB and the much larger Saturn V. This enabled alignment of the Launch Umbilical Tower's access arms to accommodate crew access, fueling, and ground electrical connections for the Apollo spacecraft and S-IVB upper stage. The tower's second stage access arms were modified to service the S-IB first stage.

For earlier launches of vehicles in the Saturn I series, see the list in the Saturn I article.

Saturn IB rockets on display

As of 2023 there are two locations where Saturn IB vehicles (or parts thereof) are on display:
SA-209 is on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, with the Apollo Facilities Verification Vehicle. Due to severe corrosion, the first stage engines and service module were replaced with fabricated duplicates in 1993–1994.
The SA-211 S-IVB stage was mated with the Skylab underwater training docking adapter and Apollo Telescope Mount and is on display in the Rocket Garden of the U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The SA-211 first stage was on display with a mockup S-IVB stage stacked in a launch-ready condition at the Alabama Welcome Center on Interstate 65 in Ardmore, Alabama since July 1979. The structural integrity of the display, after four decades of weathering, could not be repaired. Dismantling of the vehicle for disposal began by September 14, 2023.

Cost

In 1972, the cost of a Saturn IB including launch was .

See also
 Comparison of orbital launchers families
 Comparison of orbital launch systems

Notes

References

External links
 http://www.apollosaturn.com/
 http://www.spaceline.org/rocketsum/saturn-Ib.html
 NASA Marshall Spaceflight Center,  , 30 September 1972

1966 in spaceflight
1968 in spaceflight
1973 in spaceflight
1975 in spaceflight
Apollo program
Apollo 7
IB
Vehicles introduced in 1966

Saturn IB


766 (DCCLXVI) çarşamba günü başlayan bir yıldır.

Olaylar
 Türkeş Devleti dağıldı (kuruluşu 699).

Doğumlar
 Ali er-Rızâ, 8. Şii imamı (ö. 818)

Ölümler
 25 Ağustos - Strategios Podopagouros, Bizanslı general

766


An Ammochloa involucrata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Svante Samuel Murbeck. An Ammochloa involucrata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ammochloa, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Morocco. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ammochloa

Ammochloa involucrata


La temporada 2012 de GP2 Series fue la octava edición de la competición de GP2. La temporada introdujo como novedad la fusión de la GP2 Asia Series, así a partir de esta temporada se disputaron varias carreras en territorio Asiático.

Cambios en el reglamento
Se introducen 2 nuevas normas para la temporada:
 A partir de esta temporada habrá 2 tipos diferentes de compuesto de neumáticos de seco (duro y blando) diferenciados a simple vista por su color.
 Nuevo sistema de puntuación, adaptándose al de la Fórmula 1.

Escuderías y pilotos
Nota: Como todos los equipos usan los chasis Dallara GP2/11 con el motor Mecachrome V8 de Renault y neumáticos Pirelli, no se especifican los datos de los vehículos.

Calendario

Resultados

Pretemporada

Postemporada

Temporada

Neumáticos

Clasificaciones

Campeonato de Pilotos

Campeonato de Escuderías

Referencias

Notas

Citas

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial GP2 Series (en inglés)

Deportes de motor en 2012
2012

Temporada 2012 de GP2 Series


Héctor Ricardo Aramendi Rueda (nacido el 27 de marzo de 1937 en Buenos Aires, Argentina) es un exfutbolista argentino. Jugaba de delantero y su primer club fue Huracán.

Carrera

Comenzó su carrera en 1955 jugando para Huracán. Jugó para el club hasta 1959, cuando ese año se trasladó a España para formar parte del plantel de Real Valladolid, cuando rescindió su contrato en el año 1964. Ese año firma por el RCD Mallorca, en donde se mantiene hasta el año 1966. Ese año, Héctor formó parte del plantel del Xerez CD, en donde finalmente se retiró del fútbol profesional en el año 1967

Clubes

Enlaces externos

 Ficha en BDFA

Futbolistas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Futbolistas de las inferiores del Club Atlético Huracán
Futbolistas del Club Atlético Huracán
Futbolistas del Real Valladolid Club de Fútbol en los años 1950
Futbolistas del Real Valladolid Club de Fútbol en los años 1960
Futbolistas del Real Club Deportivo Mallorca en los años 1960
Futbolistas del Xerez Club Deportivo
Emigrantes argentinos hacia España

Héctor Aramendi


Ranalisma, biljni rod od dvije vrste vodenih biljaka iz porodice žabočunovki. Rasprostranjene su po Africi i Jugoistočnoj Aziji.

Vrste
 Ranalisma humile (Rich. ex Kunth) Hutch.
 Ranalisma rostrata Stapf

Izvori

Žabočunovke

Ranalisma


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Tornaľa enthält die zehn nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützten Objekte in der Gemeinde Tornaľa im Okres Revúca.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

!
Tornala


Desnica Radivojević (; born 14 December 1952) is a Bosnian politician who serves as Minister of Planning in the Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Radivojević was a member of the Party of Democratic Action until June 2012.

Early life
Radivojević, an ethnic Serb, was born in Srebrenica, and attended elementary school and high school there. He then graduated from the Faculty of Engineering, University of Maribor, in Slovenia in 1979.

Career
In Bratunac, he worked as a high school professor as of 1979. In 1980 he was conscripted in the Yugoslav People's Army. In 1981, he was employed in the "Energoinvest" Sarajevo – Factory of Car Batteries Srebrenica, working as senior associate, technologist-constructor, then as Director of the Maintenance Service and Assistant Director for Development until 1983.

As of 1983, he was a Director of the Factory of Tin Containers under the holding company "UPI" Sarajevo, where he worked until 1992. Between 1992 and 1996 he was a director in the company Corad in Bajina Bašta, Serbia. He became a member of the Electricity Steering Committee in 1996, where he worked for next two years. Between 1998 and 2000 he was once again a director of the tin packing factory.

Political career
He joined the Party of Democratic Action (SDA) in 1998. As a Serb, his membership in the elite of Bosniak-dominated SDA was regarded unusual. In 2000 he became a committeeman in the Municipal Council of Srebrenica. In the same year he was named Chairman of the Municipal Council of Srebrenica, where he worked until 2002. Between 27 January 2003 and 22 February 2007 he was one of the two Vice Presidents of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2006, he was a member of the House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Between 2007 and 2010 he was Minister of Trade in the Federal Government, and in March 2011 he was named Minister of Physical Planning.

Radivojević was a member of the Party of Democratic Action until June 2012. On 22 June 2012, his resignation for his ministerial post was signed by President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Živko Budimir. However, Radivojević later claimed that he never offered a resignation. The problem occurred when members of the Federal Government from the Social Democratic Party wanted to vote for removals in the management and supervisory boards of public companies that are owned by the Federation, but they couldn't get majority without Radivojević, who was a member of the SDA, who opposed SDP's proposal. Soon, Radivojević claimed that he never made a request for resignation, so that he could vote for SDP's proposal. However, in July, a court expert found his signature on the request for resignation authentic.

Personal life
Radivojević speaks English and has passive knowledge of German. He is married with three children. He did post-graduate study on the subject of business administration and financial management at the CBA Academy in Zagreb in 2005. In 2006, at the European University of Belgrade, he a gained master's degree in economy.

References

Sources

1952 births
Living people
People from Srebrenica
Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Vice presidents of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Politicians of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
University of Maribor alumni
Party of Democratic Action politicians
Yugoslav Wars refugees

Desnica Radivojević


L'Avenir de l'intelligence est un essai philosophique et politique du journaliste et homme politique français Charles Maurras, directeur de L'Action française, publié en 1905. Ce texte est publié dès 1902 dans la revue Minerva dirigée par le journaliste René-Marc Ferry. Charles Maurras propose une critique « de l'évolution du statut de l'Intelligence au contact de la modernité, de sa progressive soumission à l'Or ».

Présentation

Critique de la ploutocratie
Dans ce texte, Maurras y développe « toute l'intransigeance de son intellectualisme » pour André Lagarde et Laurent Michard. Charles Maurras dénonce « la destitution historique des élites artistiques, passant d'un mécénat de prince éclairé au pouvoir purement intéressé et spéculatif, plus vulgaire et teinté de "cosmopolitisme", des riches possesseurs des organes de presse, dénonçant ainsi un monopole de fait de l'"Or" sur la pensée et l'esthétique ». L'essai est imprégné « d'un anticapitalisme social qui serait aussi bien reçu et applaudi par des personnalités intellectuelles et politiques de droite que de gauche et d'extrême-gauche » comme Édouard Berth, disciple de Georges Sorel. Julien Cohen y décèle l'expression d'un « anticapitalisme maurrassien » qui se définit par la dénonciation de « la corruption de la société civile nationale mais il est avant tout un refus du cosmopolitisme, c'est-à-dire de l'immigration de masse qu'implique la nouvelle société de marché ». D'après Pierre Boutang, ce texte est composé au cours de la période où Maurras portait « le plus d'attention à la réalité économique ».

Boutang relève une similitude d'analyse entre Marx et Maurras qui conviennent que « la physique des forces importe et châtie ceux qui la méconnaissent ». Toutefois, les deux auteurs s'opposent sur l'hégélianisme et le matérialisme historique.

Maurras promeut « l'harmonie essentielle entre l'écrivain et les forces sociales qui ordonnent la nation ».

Influence
Maurras fréquente les milieux intellectuels parisiens depuis son arrivée à Paris le  particulièrement l'École romane et le Félibrige. L'Avenir de l'intelligence permet à Maurras d'étendre sa sphère d'influence notamment auprès de la jeunesse « qui allait se manifester dans la célèbre enquête de 1912, Les jeunes gens d'aujourd'hui, publiée conjointement par le jeune Henri Massis et Alfred Tarde sous le pseudonyme d'Agathon ». Ce livre participe à la fondation du « magistère intellectuel exercé par Maurras dans les années 1910 et 1920, avec pour conséquence un regain de l'idée monarchiste après des décennies de déclin ».

Dans sa dédicace à son ami René-Marc Ferry au début du livre, Charles Maurras écrit cette formule devenue célèbre :

Autour du livre
Le , le pape Pie XI ordonne la rupture des catholiques avec l'Action française et publie le décret de la congrégation de l'Index du  qui condamne sept œuvres de Maurras dont L'Avenir de l'intelligence.

Le poète et dramaturge Thomas Stearns Eliot insère une citation en français de L'Avenir de l'intelligence dans son poème Coriolan, « qu'il tient pour un maître livre dont on retrouve largement les influences dans son For Lancelot Andrewes ».

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Bibliographie

Lien

 L'Avenir de l'intelligence dans Gallica, la bibliothèque numérique de la BnF

Ouvrage de Charles Maurras
Essai français paru en 1905
Essai français des années 1900
Livre politique
Essai sur la politique
Essai sur la politique française

L'Avenir de l'intelligence