Corneliu Sturzu (n. 26 ianuarie 1935, Pașcani  d. 27 iunie 1992, Iași) a fost un poet, prozator si eseist român.

Biografie
Corneliu Sturzu s-a născut în Pașcani ca fiu al Aureliei (n. Popovici), învățătoare și al lui Vasile Sturzu, contabil.
A urmat în Pașcani Scoala elementara (194l-l945) și Liceul "Mihail Sadoveanu" (1945-l953), unde îl are profesor pe Constantin Ciopraga, apoi a absolvit, în 1963, Facultatea de Filologie a Universității "Al. I. Cuza" din Iași.

După absolvirea studiilor superioare a lucrat ca reporter la Studioul de Radio Iași (1957-1968), lector de estetică și teorie literară la Facultatea de Filologie a Universității din Iași (1963-1977), redactor-șef adjunct la revista ieșeană "Cronica" (1965-1968), director al Teatrului Național "Vasile Alecsandri" din Iași (1968-1972), redactor-șef al Editurii "Junimea" (1972-1979), apoi redactor-șef al revistei Convorbiri literare (1977-1989).

Activitatea literară
Debutează cu versuri în 1954, la "Iașul literar", iar editorial în 1964 cu volum Arcade peste anotimp. A publicat zece volume de poezie și două romane.

Poezii
 Arcade peste anotimp, 1964;
 Autoportret pe nisip, 1966;
 Restituirea jocului, 1969;
 Cantilene, 1970;
 Duhul pietrelor, 1970;
 Camera de recuzită, 1973;
 Anotimpul încrederii, 1974;
 Vântul din oglinzi, 1978;
 Zigurat, 1979;
 Arhipelagul altor umbre, 1985;
 Necontenita veghe; 1989.

Romane
 Vatra legendelor, 1970;
 lanus, 1980.

Eseuri
 Artă și sensibilitate, 1975.

Premii și distincții
Premiul Asociației Scriitorilor din Iași pe anul 1970 și 1974.

Note

Nașteri în 1935
Decese în 1992
Scriitori români
Eseiști români
Directori de teatre români
Ieșeni
Membri ai Uniunii Scriitorilor din România

Corneliu Sturzu


O Festival do Inajá é um Festival Cultural Tradicional, que teve sua primeira edição no ano de 1989 em São Joaquim do Pacuí, que fica localizada na Zona Rural de Macapá no estado do Amapá. O nome do festival vem da vasta quantidade de inajás na região. No festival é possível encontrar de comidas a adereços a partir do Inajá, além de uma programação que dura três dias seguidos com atrações musicais, concurso de miss mirim, miss inajá, melhor iguaria, e maior cacho do fruto. Desde sua criação o festival já realizou 29 edições.

Inajá

Festival do Inajá


ماعز الكشمير الأسترالي هي سلالة ماعز محلية نشأت في أستراليا. بالرغم من احتفاظها بمعدلات الخصوبة العالية، إلا أنها مختلفة من حيث المظهر والمزاج. في منتصف الشتاء تكتسي الماعز بغطاء كثيف من الكشمير الطويل.

النشأة
قام البحارة البرتغاليون والهولنديون بإطلاق الماعز على السواحل الأسترالية قبل أمد طويل من سيطرة البريطانيين على أستراليا. الماعز تم إحضارها من مناطق مختلفة وتأقلمت بسهولة مع البيئة الأسترالية. ويليام رايلي، في عام 1832 استورد ماعز أنغورة إلى رابي، نيو ساوث ويلز. في تلك السنة قدم ورقة للجمعية الزراعية والبستانية في نيو ساوث ويلز، في محاولة لتشجيع وتطوير صناعة الكشمير في أستراليا. الأمر استغرق 150 سنة لمزيد من الرعاة الأسترالية لتطوير بعض أفكاره.

مراجع

سلالات ماعز
سلالات ماعز أسترالية
سلالات ماعز الصوف
سلالات ماعز نشأت في أستراليا
صوف الكشمير

ماعز الكشمير الأسترالي


La mesorregión Metropolitana de Curitiba es una de las diez mesorregiones del estado brasileño de Paraná. Es formada por la unión de 37 municipios agrupados en cinco microrregiones.

Microrregiones
 Cerro Azul
 Curitiba
 Lapa
 Paranaguá
 Río Negro

Mesorregiones de Paraná

Mesorregión Metropolitana de Curitiba


Yeşilpınar, Samsun ilinin Ayvacık ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
 Mahallenin İlk Adı Taşlıyatak'tır. Köy 1995'li Yıllarda Çarşamba'ya Baglı İdi Daha Sonralardan Ayvacık'a Daha Yakın Oldugu İçin Oraya Baglanmıştır.

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 66 km, Ayvacık ilçesine 8 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Ayvacık'ın mahalleleri

Yeşilpınar, Ayvacık


Rueil – Suresnes Mont-Valérien est le nom provisoire d'une future station du métro de Paris qui sera située le long de la ligne 15 à Rueil-Malmaison, dans les Hauts-de-Seine. Destinée à être ouverte à l'horizon 2031, elle devrait voir passer  par jour.

Situation sur le réseau

Histoire
La station est initialement dénommée par son nom de projet Rueil – Suresnes Mont-Valérien. Le nom officiel de la station sera défini à travers une consultation publique qui a lieu du  au   parmi deux propositions : Rueil - Suresnes, Arsenal.

Services aux voyageurs

Accès et accueil

Desserte

Intermodalité

Projets

À proximité

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Métro de Paris
 Ligne 15 du métro de Paris

Liens externes
 Page de la future station Rueil – Suresnes Mont-Valérien, sur le site web de la Société du Grand Paris

Future station du métro de Paris
Station de la ligne 15 du métro de Paris
Station de métro dans les Hauts-de-Seine
Transport à Rueil-Malmaison

Rueil – Suresnes Mont-Valérien (métro de Paris)


William Legge (1608 - ) est un officier de l'armée royaliste anglaise, un proche du prince Rupert du Rhin.

Jeunesse
Il est le fils aîné d'Edward Legge,  qui est vice-président de Munster par l'influence de son parent Charles Blount (8e baron Mountjoy), et de Mary, fille de Percy Walsh de la vallée de Moy, co. Kildare. Edward Legge meurt en 1616 et William est amené en Angleterre par Henry Danvers (1er comte de Danby), son parrain . Il acquiert une expérience militaire en Europe continentale .

Le 7 août 1638, Legge est chargé d'inspecter les fortifications de Newcastle et de Hull et de les mettre toutes deux en état de défense. Thomas Wentworth,  comte de Strafford proteste vigoureusement contre la proposition de le faire capitaine de Hull à la place de Sir John Hotham. Legge, cependant, est nommé maître de l'armurerie et lieutenant de l'artillerie pour la première guerre des évêques .

Au printemps de 1641, il est impliqué dans les complots visant à se servir de l'armée pour soutenir le roi contre le parlement. Bien qu'interrogé comme témoin au sujet du complot de la première armée (18 mai), il n'y est pas sérieusement impliqué. Quelques semaines plus tard, cependant, il se voit confier par le roi une pétition dénonçant les chefs parlementaires, pour laquelle il doit obtenir des signatures dans l'armée, et joue un rôle de premier plan dans ce qu'on appelle le complot de la deuxième armée. En janvier 1642, le roi tente de prendre possession de Hull, nomme le comte de Newcastle gouverneur et envoie Legge pour sécuriser la ville, mais la tentative échoue.

Guerre civile
Au début de la Première guerre civile anglaise Legge rejoint l'armée du roi et est fait prisonnier lors d'une escarmouche à Southam, dans le Warwickshire, le 23 août 1642. Envoyé par la Chambre des communes à la Prison de Gatehouse, il s'évade vers le 4 octobre 1642 et rejoint Charles à Oxford. Désormais, il se rattache étroitement au Prince Rupert, et est blessé et de nouveau fait prisonnier alors qu'il est sous son commandement au siège de Lichfield en avril 1643. Lors de la bataille de Chalgrove Field le 18 juin 1643, il est temporairement fait prisonnier sur le terrain. Après la première bataille de Newbury  (20 septembre 1643), le roi lui offre un Sabre d'abordage orné et veut le faire chevalier. Le 19 mai 1644, le prince Rupert le nomme gouverneur temporaire de Chester  .

Après la mort de Sir  (janvier 1645), Legge lui succède comme gouverneur d'Oxford. Il reçoit une commission de Rupert l'autorisant à commander en chef toutes les garnisons voisines à l'exception de Banbury (7 mai), et est nommé palefrenier de la chambre (12 avril). Au cours de son mandat de gouverneur, Oxford est assiégé ou bloqué par Thomas Fairfax (mai-juin 1645). L'attachement de Legge au Prince Rupert conduit à sa révocation de son commandement lorsque le prince est déshonoré pour sa reddition précipitée de Bristol. Lorsque le roi revient à Oxford, Legge est relâché et s'occupe à nouveau de servir le roi en tant que palefrenier de la chambre à coucher ; il en profite pour tenter de combler la brèche avec Rupert, et presse le prince de se soumettre au roi .

Après la chute d'Oxford, Legge part pour l'étranger, retournant en Angleterre vers juillet 1647 pour servir le roi, alors sous la garde de l'armée. Il organise, avec Sir John Berkeley et Ashburnham, l'évasion du roi de Hampton Court, et ne le quitte pas pendant sa fuite vers l'île de Wight. Le Parlement ordonne au colonel Robert Hammond d'envoyer Legge et ses deux compagnons comme prisonniers ; mais à la demande d'Hammond les autorise à rester avec Charles jusqu'au 29 décembre 1647. Pendant quelques mois, Legge et Ashburnham s'attardent dans le Hampshire, essayant d'arranger la fuite du roi, mais ils sont appréhendés le 19 mai et Legge est enfermé dans le château d'Arundel. Le 2 septembre 1648, la Chambre des Lords lui refuse l'autorisation d'assister le roi lors du traité de Newport .

Legge promet de ne pas porter d'armes contre le parlement, et est autorisé à composer et libéré. Charles II l'envoie aussitôt en mission en Irlande, mais il est capturé en mer en juillet 1649 et emprisonné au château d'Exeter pour haute trahison pendant deux ans ou plus. En mars 1653, il obtient un laissez-passer pour l'étranger, moyennant caution de ne rien faire de préjudiciable à l'État. Le 11 mars 1659, il est l'un des cinq commissaires habilités par le roi à traiter avec tous les rebelles des régicides non réels, et à promettre le pardon en récompense de l'aide. En 1659, Legge est de nouveau en Angleterre, préparant un soulèvement royaliste et optimiste de succès. De juillet au 30 septembre 1659, cependant, il est retenu prisonnier dans la Tour de Londres .

Restauration
À la Restauration en 1660, Charles II propose de créer Legge comme comte, mais il refuse. Charles le nomme à ses anciens postes de palefrenier de chambre et de maître des armureries, et le nomme également lieutenant général de l'artillerie. En tant que lieutenant, il occupe également le poste de trésorier de l'artillerie, et obtient du roi la lieutenance de la Forêt d'Alice Holt et de Woolmer Forest dans le Hampshire, des terres dans le comté de Louth et une pension pour sa femme. Il est député de Southampton de 1661 à 1670 .

Vie privée

Le , Legge épouse Elizabeth Washington (vers 1616-1688), « sœur d'un autre futur officier royaliste, le colonel Henry Washington ».  Son père, Sir William Washington, est le frère aîné de Lawrence Washington, arrière-arrière-grand-père de George Washington, tandis que sa mère, Anne Villiers, est la demi-sœur du favori de Jacques , George Villiers (1er duc de Buckingham).

Avec sa femme Elizabeth, William Legge laisse trois fils et deux filles. Son fils aîné, George, est créé baron de Dartmouth en 1682 . Son fils William est député de Portsmouth en 1685.

Le colonel Legge est souvent confondu avec M. William Legge, gardien de la garde-robe de 1626 à 1655 .

Il meurt dans sa maison des Minories, près de la Tour, le 13 octobre 1670, et est inhumé dans le caveau du chœur nord de l'église de la Sainte-Trinité, aux Minories  .

Références

Liens externes

Prisonnier de la tour de Londres
Décès en octobre 1670
Naissance en 1608

William Legge (royaliste)


Pirolidina (denumită și tetrahidropirol sau azolidină) este un compus organic heterociclic, care prezintă formula moleculară (CH2)4NH. Din punct de vedere structural, este o amină secundară ciclică, cu heterociclu saturat. Este un lichid incolor, miscibil cu apa și cu majoritatea solvenților organici. Prezintă un miros caracteristic, amoniacal.

Pirolidinele sunt derivații pirolidinei, un exemplu fiind aminoacidul prolină. Multe medicamente sunt derivați de pirolidină, un exemplu fiind lincosamidele.

Obținere
Pirolidina se obține în urma reacției dintre 1,4-butandiol și amoniac, în prezența unui catalizator de tip oxid. În laborator, se poate obține în urma reacției dintre 4-clorobuta-1-amina și o bază tare:

Proprietăți
Pirolidina prezintă caracter bazic, comparabil cu al altor dialchil-amine. Spre deosebire de restul aminelor secundare, pirolidina prezintă o structură ciclică.

Pirolidina este utilizată ca precursor în sinteza unor compuși organici mai complecși. Un exemplu este utilizarea sa pentru activarea cetonelor și aldehidelor în reacția de adiție nucleofilă, prin formare de enamine:

Note

Vezi și
 Pirol
 Pirolină
 Prolină

Pirolidină


Kolumbija
 Upía (rijeka)
 Barranca de Upía, grad i općina u departmanu Meta

Upía


Leifer ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Franz Leifer (1883–1957), österreichischer Rechtswissenschaftler
 Horst Leifer (1939–2002), deutscher Maler
 Neil Leifer (* 1942), US-amerikanischer Fotograf
 Paul Leifer (* 1937), österreichischer Botschafter
 Sibylle Leifer (* 1943), deutsche Malerin und Grafikerin

Leifer


Marie-Claire Chevalier, également identifiée sous son seul prénom Marie-Claire, née le  à Meung-sur-Loire et morte le  à Orléans, est une figure de la lutte pour le droit à l'avortement en France. Elle a été défendue en 1972 par Gisèle Halimi dans le procès de Bobigny pour avortement illégal. L'issue du procès a été une étape décisive, menant trois ans plus tard à la légalisation de l'IVG en France grâce à la loi Veil.

Biographie

Jeunesse et formation
Marie-Claire Chevalier naît à Meung-sur-Loire dans le Loiret le 12 juillet 1955. Elle grandit dans une famille des classes populaires avec sa mère et deux sœurs, sans son père, dans une habitation à loyer modéré en banlieue parisienne.

Elle a 16 ans lorsqu'elle est violée en août 1971 par un garçon de 18 ans, Daniel P., élève dans le même lycée qu'elle . Se retrouvant enceinte, elle demande à sa mère, Michèle Chevalier, de trouver un moyen de la faire avorter. Cette dernière a finalement recours à une faiseuse d'anges, mais Marie-Claire souffre ensuite d'une grave hémorragie et doit être hospitalisée.

Procès de Bobigny

Arrêté pour une affaire de vol de voiture indépendante du viol, le violeur décide de dénoncer Marie-Claire Chevalier afin d'obtenir sa libération. L'interruption volontaire de grossesse étant alors illégale en France, et punie de six mois à deux ans de prison, elle est mise en examen peu après. Elle est alors jugée dans le cadre du procès de Bobigny avec quatre autres femmes, dont sa mère. Toutes sont défendues par l'avocate Gisèle Halimi.

Elle est finalement relaxée après le premier volet du procès, le 11 octobre 1972, où elle est jugée à huis clos au tribunal pour enfants de Bobigny du fait de ses 17 ans. Sa mère est condamnée à une amende de  avec sursis et la faiseuse d'anges à un an de prison avec sursis après le second volet du procès, le 8 novembre 1972. Le procès est très médiatisé en  par Gisèle Halimi et Simone de Beauvoir, notamment. En 1973, dans l'ouvrage Le procès de Bobigny, Gisèle Halimi qualifie le choix de l'avortement de Marie-Claire puis sa défense comme un .

Le retentissement de ce verdict aboutit à l'adoption de la loi Veil et la légalisation de l'avortement en France en janvier 1975. Le New York Times réalise un parallèle avec l'arrêt de la Cour suprême Roe v. Wade, qui avait permis dans une situation similaire de rendre légal l'avortement aux Etats-Unis.

Vie après le procès
Après le procès et l'avortement, Marie-Claire Chevalier souffre encore de la situation et effectue une tentative de suicide. Elle retourne néanmoins à un certain anonymat, décidant notamment de changer de prénom en Catherine. Au début des années 90, elle entame des études pour devenir aide-soignante et exerce ce métier dans le Loir-et-Cher, près d'Orléans, jusqu'à sa retraite. Elle travaille également un temps comme soudeuse pour l'Armée française.

En 1988, elle devient mère d'une fille nommée Jennifer, après avoir un temps craint être devenue stérile à la suite de l'avortement. Elle devient plus tard grand-mère.

En 2006, elle écrit la postface de la réédition du livre Le procès de Bobigny de Gisèle Halimi, évoquant notamment au sujet de la loi Veil que . Elle garde par ailleurs le contact avec l'avocate longtemps après le procès.

Elle meurt le 23 janvier 2022 dans un hôpital d'Orléans après une  liée à une tumeur du cerveau. Elle est inhumée dans le cimetière municipal de Meung-sur-Loire (Carré A, Allée A5, Emplacement 1701). Sa soeur Martine meurt la même année et est inhumée avec elle. Sa mère lui survit et habite toujours dans cette ville.

Hommages

En 2005, une passerelle en métal bleu est nommée en son honneur et en mémoire du procès à Bobigny, devant le tribunal de la ville. La passerelle est fermée en 2021.

En 2006, elle est incarnée par Juliette Lamboley dans le téléfilm Le Procès de Bobigny de François Luciani.

En 2019, une pièce de théâtre intitulée Hors la loi, écrite et mise en scène par Pauline Bureau, met en scène le procès et est jouée à la Comédie-Française.

À sa mort, elle reçoit des hommages du président de la République, Emmanuel Macron et d'associations féministes, dont Osez le féminisme !.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Personnalité féminine française
Avortement en France
Droit des femmes en France
Naissance en juillet 1955
Naissance dans le Loiret
Décès en janvier 2022
Décès à Orléans
Décès à 66 ans
Mort d'un cancer en France
Mort d'une tumeur au cerveau
Personnalité inhumée dans le Loiret

Marie-Claire Chevalier


Feyz-i Mabud (Allah'ın feyiz eseri; Allah'ıh bereketi) Osmanlı bahriyesinde yerli personelce yapılmış ilk gemilerdendir. Korvet sınıfından olup 1828 yılında Eğriboz'un Gideros tersanesinde inşa edilmiştir. Uzunluğu 127, genişliği 33, ambar yüksekliği 16,5 kademdir (1 kadem 32 cm.dir). Toplam 180 personeli olan gemide sancak ve iskelede onar adet lombar olup 33 topu vardı. Ahmed Efendi adlı bir mühendis ile yine Ahmed Efendi adlı bir kalfa tarafından inşa edilmiştir.

Osmanlı savaş gemileri

Feyz-i ma'bud


A competição por equipes do combinado nórdico nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022 ocorreu em 17 de fevereiro no Centro Nórdico Kuyangshu e Centro de Biatlo, localizado em Zhangjiakou.

Medalhistas

Resultados

Salto de esqui

A competição de saltos define a ordem de largada das equipes no cross-country.

Cross-country
As equipes largaram de forma escalonada e cada atleta percorreu 10 quilômetros.

Equipes

Combinado nórdico nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022 - Equipes


نادي الطرة هو أحد أندية كرة القدم الأردنية، لعب في دوري الدرجة الأولى الأردني، وقد صعد إلى الدوري الممتاز الأردني موسم 1998/1997، كما وصل لنصف نهائي كأس الأردن في نفس الموسم ولكنه خسر أمام الفيصلي في تلك المباراة. تأسس النادي عام 1979 م في مدينة الطرة شمال الأردن. يقوم النادي بنشاطات رياضية وثقافية واجتماعية. ويُذكر أنّ فريق النادي صعد لدوري الدرجة الأولى الأردني لكرة القدم لأول مرة عام 1985.

الرؤساء
{|align="right" class="wikitable collapsible " style="width:90%;margin:auto;"
|-
!colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%; background: #ffff00;" |رؤساء نادي الطرة
|-height="17" style="font-size:90%"

لاعبون بارزون في مسيرة النادي

المراجع

أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1979
أندية كرة قدم في الأردن

نادي الطرة


පුරාණ සිංහල රාජධානියේ උප පාලන ඒකකයකි. කෝරළ 4 කින් සමන්විත විය.

උප බෙදීම්
 බෙලිගල් කෝරළේ
 කිණිගොඩ කෝරළේ
 කල්බොඩ කෝරළේ
 පරණකූරු කෝරළේ

වර්තමානය
මෙය ප්‍රදේශය වර්තමානයේ  කෑගල්ල පරිපාලන දිස්ත්‍රික්කයට අයත් වේ.

හතර කෝරළේ


Kevin James Langley (* 24. Mai 1964 in St Helens) ist ein ehemaliger englischer Fußballspieler. Der defensive Mittelfeldspieler war in den 1980er- und 1990er-Jahren für Wigan Athletic aktiv und hat klubintern die meisten Pflicht- und Ligaspiele absolviert. Seinen größten Erfolg feierte in der Saison 1986/87, als er mit dem FC Everton die englische Meisterschaft gewann.

Sportlicher Werdegang
Langley arbeitete zunächst als Maler und Lackierer, als er schriftlich bei Wigan Athletic um ein Probetraining bat. Der dort verantwortliche Trainer Ian McNeill bot ihm einen Ausbildungsvertrag an und unter seinem Nachfolger Larry Lloyd bestritt Langley im September 1981 gegen Northampton Town sein Ligadebüt in der vierthöchsten Spielklasse. Bis zum Ende der anschließenden Saison 1982/83, der ersten Spielzeit der "Latics" in der dritten Liga, eroberte er sich dann als defensiver Mittelfeldspieler sukzessive einen Stammplatz. Nur wenige Spiele verpasste er in den folgenden drei Jahren bis zum Ende der Saison 1985/86 und neben einem knappen Nicht-Aufstieg in die Second Division gewann er 1985 über einen 3:1-Finalerfolg gegen den FC Brentford die Football League Trophy. Für die Ablösesumme in Höhe von 120.000 Pfund verließ er den Klub dann im Sommer 1986 in Richtung des Erstligisten FC Everton, wohin kurz zuvor bereits sein Mannschaftskamerad Warren Aspinall gewechselt war.

Da die im Mittelfeldzentrum des FC Everton gesetzten Peter Reid und Paul Bracewell zu Beginn der Saison 1986/87 verletzt waren, kam er früher als erwartet dauerhaft zum Einsatz. Dazu zählten sein Auftritt in der Charity-Shield-Partie gegen den FC Liverpool (1:1) und 16 Erstligapartien bis Ende November 1986, in denen ihm dazu zwei Tore gegen Sheffield Wednesday (2:2) und Oxford United (3:1) gelangen. Als dann aber die angestammten Kräfte in die Mannschaft zurückkehrten, konnte er keinen weiteren Beitrag zum Gewinn der englischen Meisterschaft 1987 leisten, wenngleich er sich durch seine anfänglichen Partien für eine offizielle Medaille qualifiziert hatte. Nur neun Monate nach seiner Ankunft in Everton zog er weiter in Richtung des Erstligakonkurrenten Manchester City. Dort absolvierte er in der noch laufenden Spielzeit neun Partien, kam dann aber nach dem Abstieg in die Zweitklassigkeit überhaupt nicht mehr zum Zuge. Stattdessen liehen ihn die "Citizens" in der folgenden Saison 1987/88 kurzzeitig an den Drittligisten Chester City aus, bevor er im März 1988 zu dem von Gerry Pendry trainierten Zweitligisten Birmingham City wechselte.

In Birmingham erwartete man sich viel von dem elegant wirkenden und groß gewachsenen Balleroberer im defensiven Mittelfeld und die sportliche Leitung sah in ihm einen möglichen Schlüsselspieler auf dem Weg zurück in die höchste englische Spielklasse. Diesen Erwartungen wurde er jedoch nicht gerecht. Langley hatte Probleme, sich auf die Spielweise der "Blues" einzustellen und zum Ende der Saison 1988/89 stieg er mit Birmingham City sogar in die dritte Liga ab. Im Jahr darauf verpasste er mit seinem Team die Play-off-Spiele zum möglichen Wiederaufstieg knapp und er ging daraufhin nach insgesamt 76 Ligaspielen für den Klub zurück zu Wigan Athletic, das wie bei seinem Abschied vier Jahre zuvor in der dritten Liga spielte. In den nun folgenden vier Jahren sammelte Langley weitere 157 Ligaspiele an und wurde damit zum Rekordspieler für Wigan Athletic. Sportlich endete sein Engagement jedoch enttäuschend und nach dem Abstieg in die vierte Liga 1993 schloss er dort sein letztes Jahr in Wigan auf dem viertletzten Rang ab.

Es zog ihn in der Saison 1994/95 zuerst in die Football Conference zu Halifax Town und später zu Bangor City. Bei dem zuletzt genannten walisischen Klub gewann er 1995 die Meisterschaft, schnupperte danach sogar im UEFA-Pokal noch einmal am europäischen Fußball und sammelte zwischen Oktober 1996 und seinem Rücktritt im Mai 1997 erste Trainererfahrungen. Es folgten weitere Engagements in der obersten walisischen Liga für Flint Town United, den Rhyl FC und Holywell Town sowie Trainertätigkeiten für kleinere Klubs wie Congleton Town, Kidsgrove Athletic und Witton Albion sowie ab Juli 2011 für Northwich Villa.

Literatur

Titel/Auszeichnungen
 Englische Meisterschaft (1): 1987
 Charity Shield (1): 1986
 Football League Trophy (1): 1985
 Walisische Meisterschaft (1): 1995

Weblinks
 Statistische Daten der Post War English & Scottish Football League A – Z Player's Database

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (Wigan Athletic)
Fußballspieler (FC Everton)
Fußballspieler (Manchester City)
Fußballspieler (Chester City)
Fußballspieler (Birmingham City)
Fußballspieler (Halifax Town)
Fußballspieler (Bangor City)
Fußballspieler (Rhyl FC)
Fußballtrainer (Bangor City)
Brite
Engländer
Geboren 1964
Mann

Kevin Langley


is a town located in Ashikita District (葦北郡, Ashikita-gun), Kumamoto, Japan.

Ashikita is situated on the south west coast of the island of Kyushu in Southern Japan, and it is known for its attractive coastlines, beaches and its production of citrus fruit.

Ashikita is famous for its fresh local produce, in particular dekopon oranges (also known as shiranui), and amanatsu oranges. It also has iconic sailboats called utasebune (打たせ船) which fish for famous cutlassfish (太刀魚 tachiuo) and red-footed shrimp (足赤海老 ashiaka ebi). Other local delicacies include Ashikita beef, Otachimisaki salt, Ozeki rice and Ozeki shochu (sake).

Geography
Ashikita Town is located approximately 60 km southwest of Kumamoto City.

Historically, Ashikita was located in the Higo Domain (肥後国, Higo-kuni) of Kyushu. Modern Ashikita Town was created by merging the old towns of Tanoura and Ashikita, and the villages of Ono and Yoshio.

The town is bordered to the north by Yatsushiro City (八代市 Yatsushiro-shi). To the south lie Tsunagi Town (津奈木町 Tsunagi-machi) and Minamata City (水俣市 Minamata-shi) and to the east runs the Kuma river (球磨川 Kuma-gawa), separating Ashikita from Kuma Village (球磨村 Kuma-mura) and Hitoyoshi City (人吉市 Hitoyoshi-shi).

The municipality governs the 7th largest area within the prefecture.

Climate
Ashikita, like all regions of Kumamoto, experiences large differences in temperature, from an average high in August of 33 degrees celsius (the 3rd highest average in Japan), to an average low in January of 0 degrees. In addition, Kumamoto Prefecture as a whole sees the most rainfall on the island of Kyushu, particularly during the rainy season between June and July. Like most of Japan, Ashikita experiences all four seasons, including cherry blossoms from late March to April, and Autumn colors from November or December depending on the warmth of the weather.

Typhoon season generally occurs between August and September, and typhoons occasionally reach Ashikita, though they often make landfall over Miyazaki or Kagoshima Prefectures to the south.

(Data from NOAA: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/)

Areas within Ashikita
Ashikita is divided into 44 areas. Communities are often spread along rivers, following the Kuma River between Yatsushiro City and Hitoyoshi City, and following the many streams that originate in Ashikita's mountains and flow out into the Yatsushiro Sea, along the town's extensive coastline. These areas include:

 Northern Tanoura region along the coast
Kami-Tanoura (上田浦) and Hatato (波多島) serviced by Kami-Tanoura Station on the Hisatsu Orange Railway.
 Kodanoura (小田浦) serviced by Higo-Tanoura Station on the Hisatsu Orange Railway.
 Imuta (井牟田)
 Central Tanoura region
 Tanouramachi (田浦町) and Tanoura (田浦) which can be accessed by the Tanoura IC, or by the Hisatsu Orange Railway from Otachimisaki Koen Station. Otachimisaki Park is located on the cape, with beaches, Otachimisaki Onsen, Ashikita Symbol Tower and recreational facilities. Tanoura Rest Area offers a food shop and restaurant for travelers. Tanoura Elementary School and Tanoura Junior High School can be found there.

Mountainous region east of Tanoura

 Oiwa (大岩) and Kuroiwa (黒岩)
 Tachikawa (立川), Yokoigi (横居木) and Uwabara (上原)
 Region along the Kuma River
 Yoshio (吉尾) and Ebirase (箙瀬) serviced by Yoshio Station along the JR Hisatsu Line; Yoshio Elementary School and Yoshio Onsen are located there.
 Kaiji (海路) serviced by Kaiji Station on the JR Hisatsu Line; the location of Kaiji Elementary School.
 Ono (大野) and Tsuge (告) - Ono Onsen Center offers an onsen, food shop and restaurant along the road to Hitoyoshi City. Ono Elementary School is located there.

 Northern Ashikita region
 Michigawachi (道川内), Fushiki (伏木氏), Matsubae (松生), Onita (大尼田) and Shiroishi (白石) with Shiroishi Station along the JR Hisatsu Line
 Otojiya (乙千屋) where Ashikita High School is located.
 Western Ashikita region
 Uminoura (海浦) serviced by Uminoura Station on the Hisatsu Orange Railway
Hakariishi (計石) and Tsurugiyama (鶴木山) with Ebi-An shrimp restaurant, Ashikita Utasebune sailing fishing boat docks, Ashikita Total Seaside Park, Tsurugiyama Swimming Beach and Ashikita Youth Center

 Central Ashikita region
 Hanaoka (花岡)
 Sashiki (佐敷) is accessible by the Ashikita IC, and has the Ashikita Farmers' Market Dekopon Rest Area, where travelers can buy fresh produce and local delicacies. Sashiki Station lies along the Hisatsu Orange Railway, and on nearby Shiroyama Hill sit the Shiroyama Skydome and the Sashiki Castle Ruins Historical Park. Sashiki Elementary School and Sashiki Junior High School are also located here.
 Ashikita (芦北) is the location of the Ashikita Town Hall and the Bayside Ashikita area, where a park and a wooden boulevard can be found.

 Southern Ashikita region
 Yunoura (湯浦) is a residential area along the Yunoura river, serviced by Yunoura Station along the Hisatsu Orange Railway. It has both Yunoura Elementary School and Yunoura Junior High School. Yunoura Onsen and Healthy Park pool and onsen can also be found there.
 Meshima (女島) has the Meshima Yumemoyai Center.
 Eastern Ashikita mountainous region
 Amatsuki (天月), Shiraki (白木), Ichinose (市野瀬), Kuwabara (桑原), Shioshitashi (塩浸), Miyanoura (宮浦) and Yahata (八幡).
 Region east of Yunoura
 Tagawa (田川), Miyazaki (宮﨑) and Toyooka (豊岡)
 Okawachi (大川内) where Uchino Elementary School is located.
 Region south of Ono
 Yoneda (米田), Takaoka (高岡), Furuishi (古石), Kunimi (国見) and Maruyama (丸山).

Governance
Municipal Government

 Mayor: Kazunari Takezaki (instated 23 January 2005, 3rd term as mayor)
 Town Council Members: 16 in total (elected until 2014)

History
During the Sengoku Period (1467-1615), the Ashikita region was located within the Higo Domain, which also contained the areas of present-day Yatsushiro and Kuma.

Sashiki Area, located in the heart of Ashikita Town, was part of the Kuma Road that connected Kuma, South Kumamoto with Edo (modern-day Tokyo) during the Edo period, and was lined with inns and rest houses, though in present day Ashikita this is no longer the case.

Modern History

 1 April 1889: The following villages were established in accordance with the Town and Villages Act: Ashikita-gun Sashiki Village, Ono Village, Yoshio Village, Yunoura Village, Tanoura Village
 18 November 1903: Sashiki Village becomes Sashiki Town
 1 October 1951: Yunoura Village becomes Yunoura Town
 1 January 1955: Sashiki Town, Ono Village and Yoshio Village are merged to create Ashikita Town
 1 April 1958: Tanoura Village becomes Tanoura Town
 1 November 1970: Ashikita Town and Yunoura Town are merged to form Ashikita Town
 1 January 2005: Ashikita Town and Tanoura Town are merged  in accordance with the New Town Act to form Ashikita Town

Economy

 Fishing is plentiful, particularly specialist fishing on sail boats called utasebune (打瀬船)
 Agriculture is focussed particularly on plentiful citrus fruits
 The farming of amanatsu (甘夏) citrus fruit began in old Tanoura Town in 1949. It has become the largest producer of amanatsu fruit in Japan
 Currently, the production of citrus fruit known as shiranui (不知火) or dekopon (デコポン) is increasing

Famous Products

 Dekopon fruit
 Amanatsu fruit
 Ozeki rice
 Ozeki beef
 Ashikita shochu (sake)
 Tachiuo fish (cutlass fish)
 Ashiakaebi shrimp (red-footed shrimp)

Transport

Roads
Highways:

 Minami-Kyushu Expressway: Tanoura IC, Ashikita IC leading to Kumamoto City and Fukuoka City to the north, and to Minamata City in the south.

National roads:

 National 3rd road
 National 219th road

Major prefectural roads:

 Kumamoto 27th Ashikita-Kuma Line
 Kumamoto 56th Minamata Line

Highway rest areas (道の駅 michi-no-eki)

 Tanoura Michi-no-eki
 Ashikita Dekopon Michi-no-eki
Ono Onsen Center [along the Ashikita-Kuma Line]

Trains
Kyushu Railway Company

 Hisatsu Line: Kaiji Station, Yoshio Station, Shiraishi Station
 The Kyushu Shinkansen bullet train runs between Shin-Yatsushiro Station (新八代駅 shin-yatsushiro eki) and Shin-Minamata Station (新水俣駅 shin-minamata eki), passing through tunnels across Ashikita.

Hisatsu Orange Railway

 Hisatsu Orange Railway Line: Kamitanoura Station, Tanoura Otachimisaki-koen Station, Higo-Tanoura Station, Uminoura Station, Sashiki Station, Yunoura Station

Buses
Sanko Bus (産交バス)

 Tanoura - Ashikita - Tsunagi Town - Minamata City

Fureai Tsukuru Bus (ふれあいツクールバス)

Operates Mon~Sat, except for holidays. ¥200 flat fare.

① Ashikita Town Hall to Shiraishi, Oiwa

② Michi-no-Eki Ashikita Dekopon to Furuishi

③ Michi-no-Eki Ashikita Dekopon to Hyakki and Nagasaki

④ Ashikita Town Hall to Ono Onsen Center

⑤ Ashikita Town Hall to Tagawa

⑥ Ashikita Town Hall to Tsurugiyama Swimming Beach and Ashikita Youth Center

⑦ Michi-no-Eki Ashikita Dekopon to Meshima

⑧ Uwabara to Kaiji Station

⑨ Ashikita Town Hall to Michi-no-Eki Tanoura, Otachimisaki Onsen and Yokoigi (Mon & Thurs only)

⑩ Ashikita Town Hall to Michi-no-Eki Tanoura, Otachimisaki Onsen and Kami Imuta (Tues & Fri only)

⑪ Ashikita Town Hall to Michi-no-Eki Tanoura, Otachimisaki Onsen and Sugisako (Wed, Sat only)

The Fureai Tsukuru Bus Service is run by the Ashikita Town Hall. Many routes pass through the town hall, Sashiki Station, Michi-no-Eki Dekopon and Yunoura Station. To disembark at more remote areas, passengers should inform the driver of their destination when they board, and can request that they stop when it is safe.

Airport Access
Aso-Kumamoto Airport can be accessed by car, using one of the airport's carparking companies. Alternatively, by taking a train to Yatsushiro Station or Shin-Yatsushiro Station, passengers can change to the Super Banpeiyu Bus service from either station, which stops in front of the airport.

Fukuoka International Airport can be accessed by bullet train from Shin-Yatsushiro Station or Shin-Minamata Station

Education
High Schools:

 Ashikita High School (熊本県立芦北高等学校)

Junior High Schools:

 Tanoura Junior High School (田浦中学校)
 Sashiki Junior High School (佐敷中学校)
 Yunoura Junior High School (湯浦中学校)

Elementary Schools:

 Tanoura Elementary School (田浦小学校)
 Sashiki Elementary School (佐敷小学校)
 Ono Elementary School (大野小学校)
 Kaiji Elementary School (海路小学校)
 Yunoura Elementary School (湯浦小学校)
 Uchino Elementary School (内野小学校)

Special needs schools:

 Ashikita special needs school (熊本県立芦北支援学校) (for students with disabilities)

Tourism and Landmarks
Tourist Spots

 Utasebune fishing boat tours
 Sashiki Castle Ruins
 Otachimisaki Park Beach
 Ashikita Marine Park Beach
 Ashikita Hoshino Tomihiro Art Museum - sister museum to Midori City Hoshino Tomihiro Art Museum
 Sekishokan (赤松館) cultural heritage site
 Nozaka Bay
 Sashiki Suwa Jinja Shrine
 Yunoura Suwa Jinja Shrine
 Tanoura Aso Jinja Shrine

Festivals and Events
As of April 2019:

 April: Yunoura Suwa Jinja Shrine Festival, Sashiki Suwa Jinja Shrine Festival
 May: Golf Tournament
 June: Volleyball Tournament, Table Tennis Tournament
 July: Ashikita Summer Festival Celebrations, Bowling Tournament, Clay Pigeon Shooting Tournament, Softball Tournament, Croquet Tournament, Sports Festival
 August: Ashikita Summer Festival Celebrations, Town Dance and Fireworks Display, Baseball Tournament, Swimming Tournament, Badminton Tournament, Beach Volleyball Tournament
 September: Golf Tournament
 October: Ashikita International Festival, Athletics Tournament, Moon Viewing Festival Noh Performance
 November: Ashikita Culture Festival
 December:
 January: New Year shrine celebrations, Ashikita Town School Music Festival
 February: Utase-hai Junior Karate Competition, Ashikita Marathon, Ashikita Utasebune Festival
 March: Dekopon Festival, Ashikita Utase Marathon

See also
 2020 Kyushu floods

References

External links

Ashikita official website
 :ja:芦北町
Kouhou Ashikita town circular

Towns in Kumamoto Prefecture

Ashikita, Kumamoto


المطبخ الفرعوني هو الطعام الذي كان يأكله أهل مصر أيام الفراعنة وحتى اليوم. فإن فياضانات نهر النيل يجعل المناطق المحيطة به من أخصب الأراضي الزراعية عند المصريين وبالتالي يعطى محاصيل غذائية متنوعة. فبجانب الخضروات والفاكهة المتنوعة عرف قدماء المصريين واستعملوا العسل والتمر والزبيب والحبوب واللحوم والطيور والأسماك .

اصناف الطعام الفرعوني
استعمل الفراعنة الأنواع التالية من أصناف الطعام والمشروبات:
 الخبز: أو العيش باللهجة المصرية، وأنواعه: بتاو و سميط و يوكل وخمريت وملتوت وجرجوش و كسرة وكاوايكاوي. وبعضه ما زال موجودا بالصعيد.
 اللحوم: لحوم الثيران ، والأوز والدجاج والاسماك والماعز.
 الخضروات: البصل والثوم والفجل والخس والخيار والكراث.
 الحبوب: القمح والشعير ، والعدس والسمسم.
 الفواكه: التين والجميز والنبق والعنب والرمان والبطيخ والبرقوق.
 المشتقات: استخرج الزيت من السمسم والخروع والفجل وجفف العنب والبلح والتين. ومن الحليب صنع الجبن والزبدة.
 المشروبات: البيرة والنبيذ.

عادات أكل الفراعنة
أكل المصريون الفراعنة علي موائد صغيرة ضمت اللحوم والطيور والخضر والفاكهة. ووجباتهم اليومية كانت ثلاث وجبات. واحدة منها على الأقل تكون عائلية. وكان الخبز أو العيش أساسيا على المائدة. وكان يتحلّى بعد الأكل إما بالفواكه أو بأنواع من الحلويات مثل فطائر العسل والمربيات. واستعملوا اليانسون والكمون والقرفة والشمر والحلبة والزعتر والخردل في التتبيل.

اطباق فرعونية

كانت الاطباق المنتشرة حتى بين الفقراء هي الخبز والجعة مع بعض ثمار البصل والثوم والعدس والكرات والفجل والخس والخيار. أم الفواكه فكانت التين والجميز والنبق والعنب والرمان وكذلك البطيخ والبرقوق. وعرفوا الحساء المطبوخ من الحمام والمربيات المصنوعة من الفواكه المغلية والمحلاة.

وعمرت موائد الأغنياء بالثيران المشوية والأوز وجرار الجعة والنبيذ وسلال الفاكهة وأنواع الخبز المضاف اليه الزبد والبيض والحلويات كما نجدها في رسوم عصر اخناتون. أما الفقراء، فاقتصرت مائدتهم على الخبز والجعة وبعض الطيور. أما الطبقة الوسطى، وهي طبقة البناة، فكان يأخذون جربا من اللحم أو الأسماك مع الخضر والفواكه والجعة.

القرابين
اعتاد المصريون أن يقدموا الاطعمة كقاربين لالهتهم ودفنها مع موتاهم. ومن أشهر قرابينهم: الخبز الناعم والفطائر على هيئة البقر والجعة والفاكهة والشهد والبلح والخبز أبيض المستطيل والشحم والبلح المجفف والزبيب واللبن والزيت والفول المقشر والزبدة والماعز والأوز والعجول. كما وجدت في قبور الفراعنة أطعمة كثيرة اعتقد أن الميت يحتاجها في مماته ومنها: قطع اللحم البقري والحبوب والخبز وعصيدة سفير وسمك مطهي وحساء حمام وسمان مطهي وكلاوي مطهية وضلوع بقر وفاكهة مسلوقة ونبق كان طازجا وفطائر عسل وجبن وإناء من الخمر.

مراجع

 ماجدة المهداوي، "مطبخ جدتي"، الناشر: دار العلوم للنشر والتوزيع، 2006
 ميشال جونسون، غذاء مناسب لفرعون: كتاب طبخ المصريين القدماء (Food Fit for Pharaoh: An Ancient Egyptian Cookbook)، نشر المتحف البريطاني،ISBN 978-0-7141-1984-7
 ماجدة المهداوى وعمرو حسين -وصفات من المطبخ الفرعوني - الناشر (المؤلفان)2009

أطباق قديمة
أطعمة تاريخية
ثقافة مصر القديمة
مطبخ حسب الثقافة
مطبخ مصري
مطبخ مصري قديم

المطبخ في مصر القديمة


بلدية لا سيرادا (بالإسبانية: La Serrada) هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة آبلة التابعة لمنطقة قشتالة وليون وسط إسبانيا.

الديموغرافيا
بلغ عدد سكان بلدية لا سيرادا 115 نسمة عام 2011 (وفقاً للمعهد الوطني للإحصاء الإسباني).

مراجع

مصادر
  الموقع الرسمي لبلدية لا سيرادا

أماكن مأهولة في آبلة
بلديات آبلة

لا سيرادا


Durali Yılmaz (d. 1948, Acıpayam, Denizli) Türk akademisyen ve yazardır.

Hayatı

1948 yılında Acıpayam'a bağlı Köke köyünde doğdu. İlköğrenimini burada yaptıktan sonra orta ve lise öğrenimini Burdur'da, yükseköğrenimi İstanbul'da tamamladı. Yeni Türk Edebiyatı sahasında doktora yaptı. Aynı sahada doçent, 1993'te profesör oldu. 1988 yılında İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi'nde doçent olarak göreve başlayan Yılmaz, burada Tanıtım ve Halkla İlişkiler Bölüm Başkanlığı yaptı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü'nde de Müdür Yardımcılığı görevini yürüttü. Harp Akademileri'nde basın ve halkla ilişkiler dersleri verdi. Halkla İlişkiler, Gazetecilik ve Radyo-TV Anabilim Dallarında yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleri yönetti. 1995 yılında Muğla Üniversitesi'ne gelerek buradaki Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi'nin Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları Bölümünün kuruluşunu tamamladı. 1996 yılında Muğla Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Dekanlığı görevini üstlendi; bu fakültenin kimya, felsefe, sosyoloji bölümlerinin kuruluşunu sağladı. Tekrar İstanbul Üniversitesi'ne döndü ve Türk Dili Bölümü başkanı oldu.1999 yılında emekliye ayrıldı. Bir süre Kıbrıs Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi'nde çalıştı. 2001 yılında İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi'ne geçti. Burada Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümünün kuruluşunu tamamladı. Halen bu üniversitede görev yapmaktadır.

1965 yılında henüz ortaokul öğrencisiyken Burdur'un Sesi aldı mahalli gazetede ilk kez yayınladığı çalışmalarını daha sonra Diriliş, Hisar, Hareket, Büyük Doğu gibi dergilerde sürdürdü. Gazetelerde sanat sayfaları düzenledi ve köşe yazarlığı yaptı. Türkiye Millî Kültür Vakfı, KASD, DEN-BİR ödüllerini alan Yılmaz'ın eserleri hakkında yerli ve yabancı basında çok sayıda değerlendirme yazıları yayınlanmıştır.

Eserleri

İnceleme ve Deneme
 Romanımız ve İnsanımız, 1976.
 Roman Kavramı ve Türk Romanının Doğuşu, Ozan Yayıncılık, 1990.
 Türkçe ve Kompozisyon, 1990.
 Roman Sanatı ve Toplum, Ötüken Neşriyat, 1996.
Roman, çağımızın önde gelen sanatlarındandır. Sinemanın büyük atılımı ve ardından televizyonun yaygınlaşması, 'Roman ölüyor mu? Roman ölüm döşeğinde', gibi sözlere yol açmışsa da, roman, yine de serpilip gelişerek yoluna devam etmiştir. Sınıflar arasındaki çatışmalar arttıkça, toplumların dengesi bozuldukça roman, gözde sanat olma niteliğini korumuştur. Bu arada sinema ve televizyona da kaynaklık etme görevini sürdürmüştür. Romanın son yıllardaki atılımı ise gerçekten baş döndürücü olmuş; yayımlanan romanları izleme imkânı bile kalmamıştır. Neredeyse Pappini'nin sözünü ettiği 'Roman Fabrikası' kurulmak üzeredir. Fabrikasyon diyebileceğimiz 'çok satan', maceraya dayalı yüzeysel romanların, hemen hemen bütün kitapçı vitrinlerini tuttuğu günümüzde, çağı sorgulayan, sanat değeri ve derinliği olan romanlar da çıkmıyor değil. Bu tür romanlar, az satılsalar ve az okunsalar da yine insanlığa yeni mesajlar verebilen, insan olarak bizim kim olduğumuzu ve nerede durduğumuzu hatırlatan eserler olma işlevini yerine getirmektedir. Son sanatçıların ortaya koyduğu romanlar yalnız günümüzü değil, yarınımızı da aydınlatmaktadır.
 Şeyh Bedreddin Sufinin İsyanı, Bakış Yayınları, 2001.
 Şeyh Bedrettin (İsyancı Bir Sufinin Darağacı Yolculuğu), OzanYayıncılık, 2002.

Roman ve Hikâye
 Siyah Perdeli Evler, 1975.
 Savaş Günlüğü, 1976.
 Ankara'da Ölüm, 1976.
 Aziz Sofi, 1976.
 Fetva Yokuşu, 1978.
 Çilekeş Müslümanlar, 1982.
 Ölmeden Ölenler, 1988.
 Yesevî Irmakları, Ötüken Neşriyat, 1995.
Bu eser, Ahmet Yesevî'den Sarı Saltık'a, Hacı Bektaş'a, Yunus'a, Mevlânâ'ya onlardan da günümüze uzanan bir çağdaş destandır. Cengiz ordularının ardınca Ortaasya'dan Anadolu'ya ve Rumeli'ye yürüyen maneviyat ordularını bizim hayatımıza getirmektedir. Bu çağdaş destanda mekân, Moğolistan'dan Anadolu'ya ve ötesine uzanan bütün Türk illeri; zaman, bütün Türk çağları... Tarım ırmağı, Onan ırmağı, Seyhun ve Ceyhun; Dicle, Fırat ve Sakarya... Bütün ırmaklar Ahmet Yesevî'den bir katre abıhayat içmiş: Ve 'Yesevî Irmakları' ölümsüz Türk destanlarından 20. yüzyıla düşen bir mısra...
 Dansedebilmek, Ötüken Neşriyat, Hikâye-Öykü-Masal, 1997.
Durali Yılmaz'ın muhtelif hikâyelerinden oluşan bu eser, 1968'den günümüze insanımızın ve toplumumuzun serüvenini gözler önüne sermektedir. Özellikle Anadolu'dan büyük şehirlere gelen ve kendi gelenekleriyle büyük şehrin şaşırtıcı havası arasında kalakalan insanımızın tereddütleri, ayrıntılarıyla ortaya konulmaktadır. Özetle, bu hikâyelerde, efsanelerimizle, inançlarımızla, sevinçlerimizle, üzüntülerimizle, umutlarımızla biz varız. Bu hikâyelerden aynı zamanda 1968 yılından bu yana edebiyatımızı etkileyen akımları da genel çizgileriyle görmek mümkündür.
 Kıyam, Ötüken Neşriyat, 1997.
1240 yılına gelindiğinde, Anadolu'da sıkıntı doruğa çıkmıştı. Moğalların önünde kaçan Türkmenler, Anadolu'ya yığılmış; Selçuklu tahtında oturan genç ve tecrübesiz Sultan Gıyasettin, kendi eğlence dünyasına dalmış, devletin aslî unsuru Türkmenler, adeta dışlanmıştı. İşte bu hengâmede her biri efsaneleşmiş bir eren olan Türkmen Babaları, bir teselli kaynağı, bir umut ışığı olarak görünmüştü insanların gözüne. Sonunda 1240 yılı sonbaharında, Baba İlyas'ın halifesi Baba İshak'ın önderliğinde Türkmenler, saraya karşı ayaklanmışlardı. Sarayın gönderdiği kuvvetlerin üst üste yenilgiye uğramaları, Türkmen Babalarını iyiden iyiye efsaneleştirmişti. Müslüman askerlerin Türkmen Babalarına sempatiyle bakmaya başlamaları üzerine Saray, paralı Hristiyan askerlerini, Babailer üzerine göndermişti. Malya ovasındaki savaşı bir taktik hatası sonucu kaybeden Türkmenler, çoluk çocuk, kadın kız toptan kılıçtan geçirilmişlerdi. İşte bu roman, Anadolu Türk tarihinin en önemli dönüm noktalarından biri olan Babailer ayaklanmasını anlatıyor. Herkesin farklı bir açıdan ve kendi dünya görüşüne göre ele aldığı bu olay, burada çok farklı bir açıdan ele alınıyor. Baba İlyas, Baba İshak ve Hacı Bektaş yaşadıkları olayları bizzat kendi ağızlarından anlatırlarken, Baba İlyas'ın torunu Elvan Çelebi de, bu olayı konu alan 'Menâkıb-ı Kudsiyye'sini niçin yazdığını açıklıyor. Bu romanda, geçmişin aydınlatılmasından daha çok geleceğe düşen bir ışık bulacaksınız.
 Çerağ Uyanacak mı? Hacı Bektaş Güvercin - Babalar Şahin, Ozan Yayıncılık, Ekim 2002.
 Kutup Yıldızları, Ötüken Neşriyat, 2000.
 Ayosofya Dile Geldi, Beka Yayınları, 2000.
 Söylenmeyen, 1975.
 Gel İçimde Ağla, 1985.
 Akrebin Dansı, 1989.

Çeviri, Sadeleştirme ve Uyarlama
 Hüseyin Fellah (Ahmet Mithat'dan), 1981.
 Hay bin Yakzan (İbnu Tufeyıl'den çocuklar için uyarlama), 1977.
 Marifetname (Erzurumlu İbrahim Hakkı'dan), 1981.
 Ceylan'ın Büyüttüğü Çocuk; İbn Sina İbn Tufeyl, Nehir Yayınları, 1993.
 Marifetname tedkik ve takdim 3 Cilt TK; Ahmet Davudoğlu, Huzur Yayınları, 2003.

Senaryo
 Sevgiyi Öğrenen Adam, O. Pekmezoğlu tarafından filme alındı, TRT-2 televizyonunda 5-12 Ekim 1987'de gösterildi.

Kaynakça

1948 doğumlular
Acıpayam doğumlular
Denizli doğumlu akademisyenler
Denizli doğumlu yazarlar
Türk edebiyat akademisyenleri
20. yüzyıl Türk yazarları
21. yüzyıl Türk yazarları
20. yüzyıl Türk gazetecileri
21. yüzyıl Türk gazetecileri
Resim aranan yazarlar
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi dekanları
Yaşayan insanlar
İstanbul Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri
İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri

Durali Yılmaz


ක්වීන්(Qin) මූර්ති ශිල්පය

පළමු ක්වීන් (Qin)  අධිරාජ්‍යයාගේ සො‍හොන් ගැබ තුළ පිහිටි ටෙරා - කොට හමුදාවේ  (Terracotta Army)  මිහිදන් කෙරුණු රණකාමීන්ගේ හා අශ්වයින්ගේ දේහ 70,000 ක් පමණ ඇත.

මෘත ශරීර මිහිදන් කිරීමට පෙර ඒවායෙහි තීන්ත ආලේප කර ඇත. දේහයන් මුලින්ම නිරාවරණය කරන විට මෙම වර්ණ නිවැරදි ලෙසම දක්නට ලැබේ. එහෙත් වාතයට නිරාවරණය වූ විට ඒවා අවපැහැ ගැන්වේ. අදටත් නිරාවරණය නොකළ දේහ පෙර පැවති නිවැරදි  වර්ණයෙන් දක්නට ලැබේ.

විවිධ ඉරියව් වලින් යුත්දේහ මෙහිදී දැකගත හැක. සිටගෙන සිටින පාබල සේනා, දන ගසාගෙන සිටින දුනුවායන්,අශ්වයන් පිට නැගි අසරුවන් ඒ අතර වේ. සෑම දේහයකම මුහුණ, කොණ්ඩා මෝස්තර එකිනෙකට වෙනස් වු හැඩයන්ගෙන් යුක්තය.

කුඹල් කර්මාන්තය

චීනයේ භාණ්ඩ සෑදීමට හා සිදුරු වැසීමට යොදා ගන්නා පෝසිලේන්, කිරිමැටි හා පෙල්ස්පාර්ක් භාවිතාකර නිපදවයි. චීනය උසස් තත්ත්වයේ පෝසිලේන් සඳහා නමක් දිනාගෙන සිටී.

ජින්ඩිසෙන්  (Jingdezhen)  ප්‍රදේශය හැන් අධිරාජ්‍ය සමයේ සිට පෝසිලේන් භාණ්ඩ සඳහා ප්‍රසිද්ධියක් උසුලයි.

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පුරාණ චීන අධිරාජ්‍යය (ක්‍රි.ව 221 - ක්‍රි.ව 220)


Convention () is a station on line 12 of the Paris Métro in the 15th arrondissement. It is named after the nearby rue de la Convention, in turn named after the National Convention, an assembly that sat from 1792 to 1795.

History
The station opened on 5 November 1910 as part of the original section of the Nord-Sud Company's line A between Porte de Versailles and Notre-Dame-de-Lorette. On 27 March 1931, line A became line 12 when It was taken over by the Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris (CMP), incorporating it into the Paris Métro.

Like most stations along the line, the platforms were modernised with the installation of green metal casings on the walls from the 1950s, subsequently repainted in blue.

As part of the "Un métro + beau" programme by the RATP, the station's corridors were renovated and modernised on 17 January 2003.

In 2019, the station was used by 5,275,717 passengers, making it the 76th busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 2,674,415 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 67th busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

In 2021, the station was used by 3,734,750 passengers, making it the 67th busiest of the Métro network out of 304 stations.

Passenger services

Access
The station has 2 accesses:

 Access 1: rue de la Convention (with an ascending escalator)
 Access 2: rue de Vaugirard

Station layout

Platforms
The station has a standard configuration with 2 tracks surrounded by 2 side platforms. The lower portion of the side walls are vertical instead of elliptical, as are the other stations constructed by the Nord-Sud company (today on lines 12 and 13).

Other connections
The station is also served by lines 39, 62, and 80 of the RATP bus network, as well as the Traverse Brancion-Commerce, an electric bus operated by BE Green from parc Georges Brassens to the Pasteur Institute. At night, it is served by lines N13 and N62 of the Noctilien bus network.

Gallery

References

Roland, Gérard (2003). Stations de métro. D'Abbesses à Wagram. Éditions Bonneton.

Paris Métro stations in the 15th arrondissement of Paris
Railway stations in France opened in 1910
Paris Métro line 12

Convention station


Söbüce, Antalya ilinin Korkuteli ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Antalya il merkezine 110 km, Korkuteli ilçesine 50 km,  Döşemealtı ilçesine 90 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Korkuteli'nin mahalleleri

Söbüce, Korkuteli


Isla San Diegohttp://travelingluck.com/North%20America/Mexico/Baja%20California%20Sur/_3987321_Isla%20San%20Diego.html es una pequeña isla de México en el sur del Golfo de California.  Administrativamente pertenece al municipio de Comondú del Estado de Baja California Sur,  y está muy cerca de la pequeña isla llamada La Habana.

Es árida y está deshabitada, se encuentra a unos 22 km al este de la costa de la Baja California, 9,5 km al norte de la isla de San José y 6 km al sur-sureste de la isla de Santa Cruz.  Isla San Diego posee 1,5 km de largo,  hasta 500 m de ancho y tiene una superficie de 56,3 hectáreas (0,563 km²).

Véase también
 Geografía de México
 Geografía de América

Enlaces externos
 Mapa de localización de la Isla

Referencias

Archipiélagos e islas de Baja California Sur
Archipiélagos e islas del océano Pacífico de México
Islas y áreas protegidas del Golfo de California

Isla San Diego


بلدية مالغرات دي مار (بالكاتالانية: Malgrat de Mar) هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة برشلونة، والتي تقع في منطقة كاتالونيا، شرق إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 17.822 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة برشلونة
برشلونة
منتجعات ساحلية إسبانية

بلديات في ماريسمى

مالغرات دي مار


العمارة الستالينية أو الكلاسيكية الاجتماعية (بالروسية: Ста́линский ампи́р) مصطلح يطلق على العمارة في الاتحاد السوفيتي وأوروبا الشرقية ما بين عامي 1933، عندما تم قبول تصميم المعماري بوريس يوفان لقصر السوفييت رسميا، وعام 1955 عند تأسيس الأكاديمية السوفييتية للعمارة في عهد نيكيتا خوروشوف. وهي حقبة في تاريخ العمارة السوفييتية توسم بالعادة بمصطلح الواقعية الاشتراكية، وتنسب إلى ستالين وفترة حكمه.

بدأ الرأي العام المعماري الرسمي المقرب من الحزب الشيوعي الحاكم، بالتحول الجذري بعيدا عن عمارة الحداثة، نحو إحياء العمارة التقليدية التراثية المحلية. وقد ظهرت بواد هذا التغيير بوضوح في مسابقة تصميم قصر السوفييت في موسكو، عام 1931-1933.
وكانت نتيجة هذه المسابقة الهامة، والتصريحات التي نقلها تقرير لجنة الحكم، مؤذنة بانتهاء فترة الحداثة وبدء حقبة جديدة في تاريخ العمارة السوفييتية توسم بالعادة بمصطلح «الواقعية الاجتماعية». ويتزامن هذا بحل جميع التنظيمات الأدبية ولبفنية ليحل محلها اتحاد واحد فقط لكل نوع من أنواع الفن أو الأدب، بحيث تتبع كل هذه الاتحادات إلى اللجنة المركزية للحزب.

وبذلك انتهت الفترة التجريبية الخلاقة من العمارة السوفييتية بعد أن كانت قد أورثت في أوروبا والأمريكييتين تجارب غنية أثرت مسيرة العمارة العالمية المعرفة بعمارة الحداثة.

السمات
بُنيت جميع المدن بحسب مخطط تنموي عام كجزء من السياسة السوفيتية من أجل التخطيط المنظم للبلد. قُسمت كل مدينة إلى مديريات، مع حصص الحدائق التي تعتمد على جغرافية المدينة. سيجري العمل على تصميم المشاريع لمديريات بأكملها مما سيغير بشكل واضح الصورة المعمارية للمدينة.

سيثبت تفاعل الدولة مع المعماريين أنه أحد السمات المميزة لهذه العمارة. يمكن إعلان نفس المبنى بمثابة تجديف شكلي ثم يحظى بأكبر ثناء في العام التالي، مثلما حدث مع إيفان زولتوفسكي في بولشايا كاليوسكايا 1949- 1950. تتعايش الأساليب الأصلية مثل إحياء عصر النهضة لزولتوفسكي والعمارة الكلاسيكية الجديدة في سانت بطرسبرغ لإيفان فومين وتعديل أليكسي دوشكين وفلاديمير شوكو للآرت ديكو مع المحاكاة والانتقائية اللتان أصبحتا سمات لهذا العصر.

أبراج ستالين الشاهقة

تُعد فيستوكي أو ستالينسكاي فيستوكي (معناها الحرفي: أبراج ستالين الشاهقة)، مجموعة من ناطحات السحاب في موسكو التي يتبع تصميمها الأسلوب الستاليني. تُلقب ناطحات السحاب في اللغة الإنجليزية باسم «الأخوات السبع». بُنيت بشكل رسمي ابتداءً من عام 1947 وحتى عام 1953 (مُددت بعض الأعمال سنوات بعد تواريخ الإنجاز الرسمية)، متبعة مزيجًا مدروسًا من الباروك الروسي والأساليب القوطية والتقنيات المستخدمة في بناء ناطحات السحاب الأمريكية.

تشمل ناطحات السحاب السبع، فندق أوكرانيا ومبنى جسر كوتيلنيشيسكايا ومبنى كودرينسكايا سكوير والمبنى الرئيسي لوزارة الخارجية الروسية والمبنى الرئيسي لجامعة موسكو الحكومية ومبنى البوابة الحمراء.

التقنية

فيما يتعلق بطرق البناء، فإن معظم الهياكل الإنشائية تحت جدران الجص الرطب هي عبارة عن حجارة بسيطة من القرميد. يوجد بعض الاستثناءات مثل منازل حي أندري بورفوس ذات الكتل الخرسانية متوسطة الحجم (مثل مبنى الدانتيل، 1939- 1941) والمباني الكبيرة مثل الأخوات السبع التي كان لابد من استخدام الخرسانية فيها. تُحتم المباني الحجرية النوافذ الضيقة، مما يترك مساحة واسعة من الجدران لاستخدامها في الديكور. بدأ استخدام التشطيبات المقاومة للحريق من الطين النضيج خلال أوائل خمسينيات القرن العشرين، ولكنها نادرًا ما استُخدمت خارج موسكو. استخدمت الأسقف بشكل عام الجملون الخشبي التقليدي الذي كُسي بالصفائح المعدنية.

تحسنت تقنيات البناء في عام 1948، على الأقل في موسكو، مع توفر العمليات الأسرع والأرخص ثمنًا. أصبحت المنازل أكثر أمانًا مع الحد من الأسقف والجدران الخشبية. كانت للمباني المعيارية بين عامي 1948 و1955 نفس نوعية الإسكان التي تتميز بها الكلاسيكية الستالينية وتُصنف على هذا النحو من قبل وكلاء العقارات، ولكنها تُستبعد من نطاق العمارة الستالينية، وتنتمي من الناحية الإيديولوجية للسكن الجماعي، الذي هو عبارة عن مرحلة وسيطة قبل المباني المعيارية في عهد نيكيتا خروتشوف المعروفة باسم خروششوفكا.

النطاق

لا تعني العمارة الستالينية بالضرورة كل ما بني خلال عصر ستالين. اعتمدت هذه العمارة على العمالة المكثفة واستهلكت الكثير من الوقت، ولم يكن بوسعها أن تتناسب مع احتياجات السكن الجماعي. وهكذا، أنهى عدم الكفاءة إلى حد كبير العمارة الستالينية وأسفر عن أساليب البناء الجماعي الذي بدأ بينما كان ستالين ما يزال على قيد الحياة.

على الرغم من رفض ستالين للعمارة البنائية، إلا أن الانتهاء من المباني البنائية استمر خلال ثلاثينيات القرن العشرين. تأثر البناء الصناعي الذي أقره آلبرت كاهن والذي تابعه لاحقًا فيكتور فيسينين، بالأفكار الحداثية ولم يكن على نفس القدر من الأهمية بالنسبة لمخططات ستالين الحضرية، لذلك فإن أغلب المباني الصناعية (باستثناء المشاريع العملاقة مثل قناة موسكو) لم تكن جزءًا من الفئة الستالينية. لم تخضع حتى المرحلة الأولى من مترو موسكو التي اكتملت عام 1935، للتدقيق من قبل ستالين، وبالتالي فقد شملت على تأثير بنائي.

وهكذا، يقتصر نطاق العمارة الستالينية بشكل عام على المباني العامة والحضرية ذات الجودة الجيدة والوسطية، باستثناء السكن الجماعي ومشاريع البنية التحتية المختارة مثل قناة موسكو وقناة فولغا دون والمراحل الأخيرة من مترو موسكو.

خلفية (1900- 1931)
قُسم المشهد المعماري الروسي قبل عام 1917 بين الروسكي الحديث (تفسير محلي للفن الجديد، أقوى في موسكو) وإحياء الكلاسيكية الجديدة (أقوى في سانت بطرسبرغ). أنتجت المدرسة الكلاسيكية معماريين مهمين مثل أليكسي شوشيف وإيفان زولتوفسكي وإيفان فومين وفلاديمير شوكو وألكسندر تمانيان، وبحلول وقت الثورة عام 1917، أصبح هؤلاء المعماريون محترفين مع شركاتهم ومدارسهم وأتباعهم، ليصبحوا في نهاية المطاف رواد العمارة الستالينية الذين أنتجوا أفضل الأمثلة عن هذه الفترة.

هناك مدرسة أخرى بدأت بعد الثورة تُعرف باسم البنائية. كان عدد من أتباع البنائية (مثل الإخوة فيسنين) من المهنيين الشباب الذين أسسوا أنفسهم قبل عام 1917، في حين أن آخرين كانوا قد أكملوا تعليمهم المهني توًا (مثل قسطنطين ميلنكوف) أو لم يحظوا بأي تعليم. أسسوا مجموعات من الفنانين الحديثين، للتعويض عن نقص الخبرة من خلال التعرض العام. أدى الإعلان عن السياسة الاقتصادية الجديدة بعد بدئها إلى تشكل لجان معمارية. لم تُكتسب الخبرة بسرعة وجرى انتقاد العديد من المباني الإنشائية عن حق بسبب مخططات الطوابق غير المنطقية وتكاليفها العالية وجودتها المنخفضة.

عملت مهنة العمارة لفترة وجيزة في منتصف عشرينيات القرن العشرين، بالطريقة القديمة مع الشركات الخاصة والمسابقات الدولية والمناقصات والمسابقات في المجلات المهنية. كان المعماريون الأجانب موضع ترحيب وخصوصًا في نهاية هذه الفترة عندما أدى الكساد الكبير إلى تقليص وظائفهم، ومن بينهم إرنست ماي وألبرت كاهن ولو كوربوزييه وبرونو تاوت ومارت ستام. لم يُحدد الفرق بين البنائين والتقليديين بشكل جيد. وظف زولتوفسكي وشوشيف الحداثيين كشركاء صغار في مشاريعهم، ودمجوا في الوقت نفسه الابتكارات البنائية في تصاميمهم الخاصة. تأسس غوسبرويكستروي في عام 1930، كجزء من لجنة البناء في فيسينخا بمساعدة شركة ألبرت كاهن. وظفت هذه اللجنة 3000 مصمم بميزانية بلغت 417 مليون روبل.

طُور التخطيط الحضري بشكل مستقل، إذ تتطلب أزمات الإسكان في المدن الكبرى والتحول الصناعي للمناطق النائية، بناء مساكن جماعية وتنمية أراضي جديدة وإعادة بناء المدن القديمة. ابتكر المنظرون مجموعة متنوعة من الاستراتيجيات التي أدت إلى مناقشات سياسية دون أن تسفر عن نتائج كبيرة على المستوى العملين والتي كان إثرها تدخل الدولة وشيكًا.

أمثلة عالمية

انظر أيضًا
 بنائية (عمارة)
 ما بعد البنائية
 عمارة نازية
 إيليا غولوسوف
 فيرا موخينا

مراجع

أنماط عمارة القرن 20
تاريخ روسيا
يوسف ستالين
طرز معمارية إحيائية
عمارة آرت ديكو
عمارة القرن العشرين
عمارة روسية
عمارة سوفيتية
فنون سوفيتية

عمارة ستالينية


Campionatul Mondial de Futsal din 1996 a fost cea de a treia ediție și a avut loc în Spania.Echipa naționala masculină de fotbal sală a Braziliei reușește încă odată să câștige această competiție, a treia la rând, în fața gazdelor Spania cu scorul de 6-4, iar Rusia câștigă finala mică împotriva țării vecine Ucraina, cu scorul de 3-2.

Participanți

Cele 16 echipe au fost împărțite în patru grupe, fiecare grupă a câte patru echipe.

Prima Rundă

Grupa A

Grupa B

Grupa C

Grupa D

A doua Rundă

Grupa E

Grupa F

Runda Finală

Semifinale

Finala Mică

Finala

Campioni

Vezi și
 Campionatul Mondial de Futsal 1992
 Campionatul Mondial de Futsal 2000

Legături externe
FIFA Futsal World Championship Hong Kong 1996 , FIFA.com

Futsal
Campionate Mondiale
Competiții organizate de FIFA
1996 în sport

Campionatul Mondial de Futsal 1996


East Falkland () is the largest island of the Falklands in the South Atlantic, having an area of  or 54% of the total area of the Falklands. The island consists of two main land masses, of which the more southerly is known as Lafonia; it is joined by a narrow isthmus where the settlement of Goose Green is located, and it was the scene of the Battle of Goose Green during the Falklands War.

The two main centres of population in the Falklands, Stanley and Mount Pleasant, which are both in the northern half of East Falkland, are home to three-quarters of the island's population.

Geography

East Falkland, which has an area of , a little over half the total area of the islands consists of two land masses of approximately equal size. The island is almost bisected by two deep fjords, Choiseul Sound and Brenton Loch-Grantham Sound, which are separated by the  wide isthmus that connects Lafonia in the south to the northern part of East Falkland. The island's  coastline has many smaller bays, inlets and headlands.

The northern part of the island, apart from the coastal strip bordering the Choiseul Sound, is largely underlain by Palaeozoic rocks in the form of quartzite and slate, which tend to form rugged landscapes and coastlines and to cause the soil to be poor and acidic. The principal range of hills, the  Wickham Heights, runs from east to west. The highest point of the range (also the highest point in the Falklands) is Mount Usborne which has a height of . The area away from the mountain range consists chiefly of low undulating ground, a mixture of pasture and morass, with many shallow freshwater tarns, and small streams running in the valleys.   Two inlets, Berkeley Sound and Port William, run far into the land at the north-eastern extremity of the island and provide anchorage for shipping.

In contrast, Lafonia is underlain by Mesozoic rocks (sandstone), a younger rock than the Palaeozoic rock to the north, giving a flatter landscape than is seen elsewhere on the island.

Other scenery includes Mount Simon, stone runs, heathland, and bogs. Gypsy Cove is noted as a beauty spot.

Population and infrastructure

Stanley, the capital of the islands and the main seaport is in East Falkland. The islands' (Anglican) Christ Church Cathedral is also in Stanley.

Port Louis, at the head of Berkeley Sound, was once the seat of government. However, the anchorage there was found to be rather too exposed, and about 1844 a town was laid out, and the necessary public buildings were erected, on Stanley Harbour, a sheltered recess within Port William.

Other settlements include Port Louis, Darwin, Port San Carlos, San Carlos, Salvador, Johnson's Harbour, Fitzroy, Mare Harbour, and Goose Green.

East Falkland also has two airports with paved runways, Port Stanley Airport and RAF Mount Pleasant. There is a lighthouse at Cape Pembroke near Stanley. East Falkland contains most of the archipelago's few roads.

Economy

The main industries on the island are fishing, sheep farming, and tourism. Some oats are also grown, but due to high humidity and acidic soil, the land is mainly used for grazing.

As Stanley is the capital, and East Falkland is the most populous island, it performs an economic role as the hub of the archipelago. Many cruise ships now stop there.

A large economic role is also played by RAF Mount Pleasant, which has a number of British military personnel based there. Although these number a few hundred, their economic role in a population of under two thousand is significant.

Smaller industries include horse and cattle farming, and there is also recent evidence to suggest possible valuable mineral deposits on the island.

Wildlife

Due to more intensive human settlement, East Falkland has the corresponding conservation problems. The warrah was one of the first casualties, as Darwin says in The Voyage of the Beagle:

"The only quadruped native to the island is a large wolf-like fox (Canis antarcticus), which is common to both East and West Falkland. I have no doubt it is a peculiar species... Their numbers have rapidly decreased; they are already banished from that half of the island which lies to the eastward of the neck of land between St. Salvador Bay and Berkeley Sound. Within a very few years after these islands shall have become regularly settled, in all probability this fox will be classed with the dodo, as an animal which has perished from the face of the earth."

Rats have also been introduced, but despite this, the island has a great deal of marine life, including penguins of various kinds.

Guanacos were unsuccessfully introduced in 1862 to East Falkland south of Mt Pleasant where Prince Alfred hunted them in 1871. They have since become extinct, but are still on Staats Island

Charles Darwin surveyed the area's wildlife, while on .

History

The first permanent settlement on East Falkland began with Louis de Bougainville establishing Port Louis on Berkeley Sound in 1764. The French settlement included a number of Bretons, and the islands became known as "Îles Malouines" (the islands of St Malo), later Hispanicised as "Islas Malvinas". For years, Port Louis was the main settlement, not only on East Falkland, but the entire archipelago and a subject of controversy.

In October 1820, Colonel David Jewett sought shelter in the islands after his ship, the frigate Heroina, was damaged in a storm. Jewett was an American privateer employed as captain by the Buenos Aires businessman Patrick Lynch, who had obtained a privateering licence for the ship from the Buenos Aires Supreme Director. Jose Rondeau. On 6 November 1820 he raised the flag of the United Provinces of the River Plate at Port Louis and claimed possession of the entire archipelago in the name of the United Provinces of the South (which later became the United Provinces of The River Plate and ultimately Argentina). Eyewitnesses present, such as James Weddell, felt the ceremony was designed simply to establish a salvage claim over a French wreck.

In 1823, Argentina granted fishing rights to Jorge Pacheco and Luis Vernet. Their first expedition to the islands ended in failure and Pacheco abandoned the venture. Vernet persisted with a second expedition in 1826. also ending in failure due to the combination of the Brazilian blockade of Argentina and the conditions encountered. Vernet finally succeeded in establishing a settlement at Puerto Soledad in 1828. Prior to both expeditions, Vernet had approached the British consulate in Buenos Aires, seeking permission for his venture in the islands. Subsequently, Vernet furnished the consulate with progress reports and urged the establishment of a permanent British garrison in the islands.

In 1829, Vernet approached the Government of Buenos Aires requesting the settlement be supported by a naval vessel. The request was refused, and instead Vernet was proclaimed to be Governor and authorised to act using his own resources. The British consul lodged a formal protest over the proclamation, which went unanswered. Vernet assured the British consul that his interest was purely commercial and once more urged the British to establish a permanent presence in the islands. Vernet was the first person to be proclaimed Governor, although modern Argentine texts claim the captains of the Heroina and Pachego as "governors".

"Puerto Luis", as it was renamed, became a seal hunting base and small fishing port. Vernet later seized an American ship, the Harriet, for breaking a monopoly he had proclaimed on seal hunting, one not recognised by either the American or British Governments. (Both formally disputed the restrictions through their consuls in Buenos Aires.) Property on board the ship was seized and the captain was sent to Buenos Aires to stand trial. Vernet accompanied him. The American Consul in Argentina strongly protested Vernet's actions, stating the United States did not recognise Argentine sovereignty over the Falklands.

The American consul dispatched the USS Lexington to Puerto Luis to retake the confiscated property, as well as the ships "Superior" and "Breakwater", which had also been seized. In 1832, the  attacked Puerto Luis, an act which was later condoned by the American ambassador in Buenos Aires, who declared the Falkland Islands to be free from any ruling power. Modern Argentina claims the Americans destroyed the settlement, but Captain Duncan's log tells of only spiking the cannons and destroying the powder store. Duncan arrested the seven senior members of Vernet's settlement for piracy and provided transport to Montevideo for any member of the settlement who wished to leave. The majority of the population decided to leave, claiming Vernet had misled them about the miserable conditions in the islands. Following these events, Vernet resigned as Governor. The Argentine Government then appointed Esteban José Francisco Mestivier as governor, and sought to establish a penal colony in the islands. (Mestivier's appointment was in fact the only Argentine appointment to follow the norms of the time and was properly gazetted.). Shortly after his arrival, however, Mestivier was murdered by his own men and the settlement was in chaos.

These events spurred Britain to return to the islands, (See Re-establishment of British rule on the Falklands (1833)), requesting that the Argentine military presence leave on 3 January 1833 (though remaining members of the settlement were encouraged to stay). "Puerto Luis" was renamed "Ansons Harbour", but reverted to "Port Louis" in line with the original French name of the settlement Port Saint Louis. It became both a naval garrison and civilian settlement.

Shortly after this, the second voyage of HMS Beagle surveyed the island. The names of two settlements on East Falkland, Darwin and Fitzroy, commemorate Charles Darwin and Robert FitzRoy. On 15 March 1833, an unimpressed Darwin wrote

After the possession of these miserable islands had been contested by France, Spain, and England, they were left uninhabited. The government of Buenos Aires then sold them to a private individual, but likewise used them, as old Spain had done before, for a penal settlement. England claimed her right and seized them. The Englishman who was left in charge of the flag was consequently murdered. A British officer was next sent, unsupported by any power: and when we arrived, we found him in charge of a population, of which rather more than half were runaway rebels and murderers. (The Voyage of the Beagle.)

In November 1836, the island was surveyed by Admiral George Grey, and further in 1837 by Lowcay. Admiral Grey described their first view of East Falkland –

We anchored a little after sunset off a creek called 'Johnson's Harbour'. The day having been cloudy with occasional showers, these islands at all times dreary enough, looked particularly so on our first view of them, the shores of sound, steep, with bare hills intersected with ravines rising from them, these hills without a tree and the clouds hanging low, gave them exactly the appearance of the Cheviots or a Scotch moor on a winter's day and considering we were in the May of these latitudes, the first impression of the climate was not favourable, the weather however, was not cold, the thermometer was 63 degrees which is Howick mid-summer temperature.

In 1845 Samuel Fisher Lafone, a wealthy cattle and hide merchant from Montevideo, obtained a grant of the southern portion of the East Falkland from the British government. He purchased the peninsula,  in extent, together with all the wild cattle on East Falkland, for a period of six years, for the sum of £10,000 down, and £20,000 in ten years from 1 January 1852. In 1851 the Falkland Islands Company, which had been incorporated by charter in the same year, paid £30,000 for Lafone's interest in Lafonia, as the peninsula came to be called. Lafone had never even visited the islands. The only remaining signs of this venture are the ruins at Hope Place and the stone corral at Darwin.

In 1859, the town of Darwin was founded.

Although used for sheep farming since the early nineteenth century, East Falkland was dominated by cattle farming until the 1850s.

In 1925 the Bodie Suspension Bridge was built across a creek in Lafonia, and is claimed to be the southernmost in the world. It is still in pedestrian use today.

1982 invasion and Falklands War

In April 1982, East Falkland was invaded by Argentina. The Governor, Rex Hunt, was informed by the British Government of a possible Argentinian invasion on Wednesday 31 March. Hunt summoned the two senior Royal Marines officers of Naval Party 8901 to Government House in Stanley to discuss how to defend the Falklands. Major Mike Norman was given overall command of the Marines because of his seniority, while Major Gary Noott became Hunt's military advisor. The total strength was only 68 Marines and 11 sailors, which nevertheless was more than would normally have been available, since the garrison was in the process of changing over. Their numbers were reinforced by 25 Falkland Islands Defence Force (FIDF) members. The FIDF commanding officer, Major Phil Sommers, tasked the volunteer militiamen with guarding key points including the telephone exchange, the radio station and the power station. Jack Solis, commanding the civilian coastal ship Forrest, operated his vessel as an improvised radar screen station off Stanley.

East Falkland was also the location of the bulk of the land-based action in the Falklands War. As a result, some areas of the "Camp" in East Falkland are still heavily mined. Areas that saw intensive combat included Goose Green, San Carlos, Mount Longdon and the Two Sisters ridge.

List of East Falkland battles

 Battle of Goose Green
 Battle of Mount Harriet
 Battle of Two Sisters
 Battle of Mount Longdon
 Battle of Mount Tumbledown
 Battle of Wireless Ridge

Present day

Following the Falklands War, Britain increased its military presence on the East Falkland. The Falkland Islands Government has invested heavily in improving facilities in Stanley and transportation around the islands, tarmacking many roads. The population has risen, because of the growth of Stanley, but has declined in the Camp. Most of the improvements in the islands have taken place on East Falkland.

References

General

 Southby-Tailyour, Ewen: Falkland Island Shores.

External links
 Pictures of East Falkland

Islands of the Falkland Islands

East Falkland


Franz Fischer kan henvise til flere personer:

 Franz Fischer (fotograf) - en tysk censor i Danmark under Besættelsen
 Franz Fischer (kemiker) - en tysk kemiker

Franz Fischer


Mirni  es un posiólok del raión de Krasnoarméiskaya del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia. Está situado en las tierras bajas de Kubán-Azov, al inicio del delta del Kubán, 16 km al sudeste de Poltávskaya y 59 km al noroeste de Krasnodar. Tenía 695 habitantes en 2010

Pertenece al municipio Oktiábrskoye.

Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
 ''Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Мирный (Красноармейский район)

 Mapa topográfico soviético en maps.vlasenko.net

Localidades del raión de Krasnoarméiskaya del krai de Krasnodar

Mirni (Krasnoarméiskaya, Krasnodar)


New Richmond may refer to the following places:

In Canada:
 New Richmond, Quebec

In the United States:
 New Richmond, Indiana
 New Richmond, Michigan
 New Richmond, Ohio
 New Richmond, West Virginia
 New Richmond, Wisconsin

New Richmond


Ustav Gruzije (gruz. საქართველოს კონსტიტუცია, sakartvelos k'onstitutsia) vrhovni je zakon Gruzije. Odobrio ga je Parlament Gruzije 24. kolovoza 1995. godine, a stupio je na snagu 17. listopada 1995. godine. Ustav je zamijenio Uredbu o državnoj vlasti iz studenoga 1992. koja je djelovala kao privremeni temeljni zakon nakon raspada Sovjetskog Saveza.

Rana ustavna povijest
21. veljače 1921. godine, suočena s početkom sovjetske agresije, Ustavotvorna skupština Gruzije usvojila je ustav Demokratske Republike Gruzije, prvi moderni temeljni zakon u povijesti nacije.

Za vrijeme Zvijada Gamsahurdije, prvog demokratski izabranog predsjednika novo neovisne Gruzije, nacija je nastavila funkcionirati prema ustavu Gruzijske Sovjetske Socijalističke Republike iz 1978. godine, koji se temeljio na ustavu Sovjetskog Saveza iz 1977. godine. Prvi postkomunistički parlament opsežno je izmijenio taj dokument. U veljači 1992. godine Gruzijski nacionalni kongres (zamjenski parlament izabran 1990.) službeno je odredio gruzijski ustav iz 1921. kao važeći ustav Gruzije. Ta je deklaracija dobila legitimitet potpisima Džabe Joselianija i Tengiza Kitovanija, u to vrijeme dvojice od tri člana vladajućeg Vojnog vijeća. U veljači 1993. godine, Eduard Ševardnadze pozvao je na opsežne revizije ustava iz 1921. Okarakterizirajući velike dijelove tog dokumenta potpuno neprihvatljivim, Ševardnadze je predložio formiranje ustavnog povjerenstva za izradu nove verzije do prosinca 1993. godine.

Amandmani iz 2004.

Dana 4. siječnja 2004. godine, Mihail Saakašvili pobijedio je na predsjedničkim izborima, velikom većinom od 96 posto glasova. Ustavni amandmani ubrzani su kroz Parlament u veljači, jačajući ovlasti predsjednika za razrješenje parlamenta i stvaranje premijerskog mjesta. Zurab Žvania imenovan je premijerom, a Nino Burdžanadze, privremeni predsjednik, postao je predsjednik parlamenta.

Amandmani iz 2010.
Dana 15. listopada 2010. godine, parlament Gruzije usvojio je sa 112 glasova pet glavnih izmjena ustava, koji su značajno smanjili ovlasti predsjednika Gruzije u korist premijera i vlade. Novi ustav stupio je na snagu 17. studenoga 2013. godine inauguracijom Giorgija Margvelašvilija, pobjednika na predsjedničkim izborima 2013.

Amandmani iz 2017. – 2018.
Parlament Gruzije je 26. rujna 2017. godine raspravljao je o ustavnim amandmanima i usvojio ih sa 117 glasova za i dva protiv. Oporba je bojkotirala glasanje. Prema novom legislativi, izravni predsjednički izbori trebaju se ukinuti, a zemlja će prijeći na potpuno proporcionalnu parlamentarnu zastupljenost 2024. godine. Dana 9. listopada, predsjednik Giorgi Margvelašvili stavio je veto na amandmane i vratio nacrt zakona Parlamentu sa svojim prigovorima, ali Parlament je poništio veto i odobrio početnu verziju 13. listopada. Daljnji amandmani, koji uključuju nekoliko promjena koje je preporučila Venecijanska komisija, usvojeni su 21. ožujka 2018.

Sljedeći amandmani bili su u ustavu:
 Definiranje braka kao "zajednicu žene i muškarca u svrhu stvaranja obitelji."
 Poljoprivredno zemljište je "resurs od iznimnog značaja" i može biti u vlasništvu samo "države, samoupravnog entiteta, državljanina Gruzije ili saveza gruzijskih građana".

Izvori

Ustavi
Politika Gruzije

Ustav Gruzije


Ilegitim este un film românesc din 2016 regizat de Adrian Sitaru. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Adrian Titieni, Bogdan Albulescu și Alina Grigore.

Prezentare

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2016 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 2016
Filme regizate de Adrian Sitaru
Filme dramatice românești
Filme românești cu teme LGBT

Ilegitim


Robert Rathbun Wilson (March 4, 1914 – January 16, 2000) was an American physicist known for his work on the Manhattan Project during World War II, as a sculptor, and as an architect of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), where he was the first director from 1967 to 1978.

A graduate of the University of California, Berkeley (BA and PhD), Wilson received his doctorate under the supervision of Ernest Lawrence  for his work on the development of the cyclotron at the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory. He subsequently went to Princeton University to work with Henry DeWolf Smyth on electromagnetic separation of the isotopes of uranium. In 1943, Wilson and many of his colleagues joined the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory, where Wilson became the head of its Cyclotron Group (R-1), and later its Research (R) Division.

After the war, Wilson briefly joined the faculty of Harvard University as an associate professor, then went to Cornell University as professor of physics and the director of its new Laboratory of Nuclear Studies. Wilson and his Cornell colleagues constructed four electron synchrotrons. In 1967 he assumed directorship of the National Accelerator Laboratory, subsequently known as Fermilab. He managed to complete the facility on time and under budget, but at the same time made it aesthetically pleasing,  with a main administrative building purposely reminiscent of the Beauvais Cathedral, and a restored prairie with a herd of American Bison. He resigned in 1978 in a protest against inadequate government funding.

Early life
Robert Rathbun Wilson was born in Frontier, Wyoming, in 1914, the son of Platt Elvin and Edith Elizabeth (Rathbun) Wilson. He had an older sister, Mary Jane. His parents separated when he was eight years old, and custody was awarded to his father, although he lived with his mother from time to time. Much of his early life was spent on cattle ranches. He changed schools frequently, and attended a number of schools, including the Todd School in Woodstock, Illinois, where his grandmother worked.

Wilson entered the University of California, Berkeley, in 1932, and was awarded his Bachelor of Arts (AB) degree cum laude in 1936. He joined Ernest O. Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory, which was at that time blossoming into the top American site for both experimental and theoretical physics due to the efforts of Lawrence and J. Robert Oppenheimer, respectively. Wilson received his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in 1940 for his thesis on "Theory of the Cyclotron". That year he married Jane Inez Scheyer.

Wilson ran into trouble with Lawrence's harsh frugality while working on his cyclotron and was fired twice from the Radiation Laboratory. The first time was for losing a rubber seal in the 37-inch cyclotron which prevented its use in a demonstration to a potential donor. He was later rehired at Luis Alvarez's urging, but melted an expensive pair of pliers while welding, and was fired again. Though offered his job back, he decided instead to go to Princeton University to work with Henry DeWolf Smyth.

Manhattan Project
At Princeton, Wilson eventually took over Smyth's project of the development of an alternative approach to electromagnetic separation from Lawrence's calutron method, used for the purpose of separating the fissile uranium-235 isotope of uranium from the much more common uranium-238, which is a key step to producing an atomic bomb. By 1941 the project had produced a device called the "isotron," which, unlike the calutron, used an electrical field to separate the uranium instead of a magnetic one.

The work at Princeton was terminated during World War II when Oppenheimer's secret laboratory for research on the atomic bomb, the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos National Laboratory, opened in 1943. "Like a bunch of professional soldiers," Wilson later recalled, "we signed up, en masse, to go to Los Alamos."

Wilson moved there with some of his Princeton staff and Harvard University's cyclotron, and was appointed as head of the Cyclotron Group (R-1) by Oppenheimer. Only in his late twenties, he was the youngest group leader in the experimental division. The cyclotron would be used for measurements of the neutron cross section of plutonium.

When Oppenheimer reorganized the laboratory in August 1944 to focus on the development of an implosion-type nuclear weapon, Wilson became head of R (Research) Division. As such he had four groups reporting to him: the Cyclotron Group (R-1), still headed by himself; the Electrostatic Group (R-2), headed by John H. Williams; the D-D (Deuterium-Deuterium) Group (R-3), headed by John H. Manley; and the Radioactivity Group (R-4), headed by Emilio G. Segrè. In March 1945, R Division acquired the additional responsibility of developing instrumentation for the Trinity nuclear test in July 1945. Wilson helped stack boxes of explosives for the 100-ton test that preceded it. At Los Alamos, he was also active in community affairs, serving on the town council.

In May 1945, when Nazi Germany surrendered, and the initial motivation for the crash atomic bomb project dissipated as it was discovered that the German nuclear energy project was years behind, Wilson raised the question of whether they should continue with their work. News of this met with an icy reception from Major General Leslie Groves, director of the Manhattan Project. In later life, when interviewed in the Oscar-nominated documentary The Day After Trinity (1980), Wilson would say that he should have strongly considered ceasing work on the bomb after the surrender of Germany, and regretted not doing so to some extent. Richard Feynman recalled seeing Wilson sitting and moping on the morning right after the Trinity test as everyone celebrated and had parties. When asked why, Wilson told Feynman, "It's a terrible thing that we made."

After the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Wilson helped organize the Association of Los Alamos Scientists (ALAS), which called, with a scientists' petition, for the international control of atomic energy. The petition was carried by Oppenheimer to Washington, D.C., eventually making its way via Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson to President Harry S. Truman.

Post-World War II

After the war, Wilson also helped form the Federation of American Scientists and served as its chairman in 1946. He accepted an appointment as an associate professor at Harvard, but spent the first eight months of 1946 at Berkeley designing a new 150 MeV cyclotron for Harvard to replace the one taken to Los Alamos. At Harvard, Wilson published a seminal paper, "Radiological Use of Fast Protons", which founded the field of proton therapy.

Cornell

In 1947 Wilson went to Cornell University as professor of physics and the director of its new Laboratory of Nuclear Studies. At Cornell, Wilson and his colleagues constructed four electron synchrotrons. The first, a 300 MeV synchrotron, was under construction when he arrived. In a 1948 report to the Office of Naval Research, he described their purpose:

Wilson initiated the construction of a 1.4 GeV synchrotron in 1952. As he had foreseen in 1948, it produced artificial K mesons and rho mesons, and tested quantum electrodynamics at short distances. The last machine he built at Cornell was a 12 GeV synchrotron that remains in use as an injector for the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR), built between 1977 and 1999. It is located in what is now known as the Wilson Synchrotron Laboratory.

Wilson was one of the first physicists to use Monte Carlo methods, which he used to model electron and proton initiated particle showers. He invented the quantometer so that he could measure the intensity of high-energy X-ray beams.

Fermilab

In 1967 he took a leave of absence from Cornell to assume directorship of the nascent National Accelerator Laboratory at Batavia, Illinois, which was to be the largest particle accelerator constructed until then (it was to remain so until the beginning of operation of the Large Electron-Positron Collider at CERN in 1989). In 1969, Wilson was called to justify the multimillion-dollar machine to the Congressional Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. Bucking the trend of the day, Wilson emphasized it had nothing at all to do with national security, rather:

Thanks to Wilson's talented leadership, a management style very much adopted from Lawrence, the facility was completed on time and under budget. According to Wilson, he gave Atomic Energy Commission chairman Glenn T. Seaborg his assurance "signed in blood" that he would not exceed the authorized $250 million budget and "would rot in Hell" if he did. The facility centered on a four-mile circumference, 400 GeV accelerator. Wilson subsequently initiated the design of the Tevatron, a 1 TeV particle accelerator. The National Accelerator Laboratory, was renamed the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in 1974, after Enrico Fermi. It is frequently referred to as "Fermilab".

Wilson had studied sculpture at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze in Italy while on sabbatical in 1961, and he wanted Fermilab to be an appealing place to work, believing that external harmony would encourage internal harmony as well, and labored personally to keep it from looking like a stereotypical "government lab", playing a key role in its design and architecture. Surrounding the facility was a restored prairie which served as a home to a herd of American Bison that started with Wilson bringing in a bull and four cows in 1969.

The site also had ponds, and a main building purposely reminiscent of the Beauvais Cathedral. Fermilab also celebrates his role as a sculptor, featuring several of his works, including "The Mobius Strip", "The Hyperbolic Obelisk", "Tractricious", and "Broken Symmetry". Another metal sculpture "Topological III" sits in the lobby of the Harvard Science Center. Fermilab's Central Laboratory building was named Robert Rathbun Wilson Hall in his honor in 1980.

Wilson served as the director of Fermilab until 1978, when he resigned in protest against what he considered was inadequate funding by the Federal government. He then joined the faculty of the University of Chicago as Ritzma Professor at the Enrico Fermi Institute. He became emeritus professor of physics at Chicago in 1980. He moved to Columbia University, where he became I. I. Rabi Visiting Professor of Science and Human Relations in 1979, Michael I. Pupin Professor of Physics in 1980, and emeritus professor in 1982. He retired in 1983 and moved back to Ithaca, NY.

Awards and honors
Wilson received many awards and honors, including the Elliott Cresson Medal from the Franklin Institute in 1964, the National Medal of Science in 1973, and the Department of Energy's Enrico Fermi Award in 1984. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society, and was president of the American Physical Society in 1985. In 1986, Wilson received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.

Death
Wilson suffered a stroke in 1999, from which he never recovered. He died on January 16, 2000, at the age of 85, at a nursing home in Ithaca, New York, and was buried at the 19th-century Pioneer Cemetery (established 1839) on the Fermilab site on Batavia Road near Fermilab Site 39. He was survived by his wife, Jane; his three sons, Daniel, Jonathan and Rand; and his sister, Mary Jane Greenhill. His papers are in the Cornell University Library.

Notes

References

Further reading
   Lengthy profiles of Wilson, geneticist Mark Ptashne, and computer scientist John McCarthy

External links

  1982 Audio Interview with Robert R. Wilson by Martin J. Sherwin

  Video of a 1993 conversation with Hans Bethe and Robert Wilson discussing the atomic bomb projects.

1914 births
2000 deaths
People from Lincoln County, Wyoming
Manhattan Project people
People from Los Alamos, New Mexico
Enrico Fermi Award recipients
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
National Medal of Science laureates
University of California, Berkeley people
Columbia University faculty
Princeton University faculty
Harvard University staff
Cornell University faculty
People associated with Fermilab
20th-century American physicists
Presidents of the American Physical Society

Robert R. Wilson


Caleuche comic es una revista de cómic editada en Chile desde 2005, bajo la dirección de Luis y Miguel Contreras. La revista ha ayudado a dar a conocer nuevos valores del cómic chileno, aparte de difundir el propio medio en centros escolares de su región.

Algunas de sus series más duraderas son El Brujo, Bichos Raros, Cazadores del Desierto, Eje Z, hijos de P, Garage Days, Waldo y Tormenta Solar , incluyendo todos los personajes del "Universo CS".

Trayectoria
Caleuche comic fue creada por los hermanos Luis y Miguel Contreras y su primera aparición fue en la ciudad de Talca en octubre de 2005, logrando la venta de aproximadamente 10 000 ejemplares por edición a través de la editorial Cíclope.

También ha traspasado las fronteras de su país, logrando cierta difusión en España y Estados Unidos.

En octubre del año 2011 fue lanzado el número 26, después de una profunda re-estructuración que significó un retraso de más de un año. Además, los cambios significaron la salida de dibujantes destacados como Karla Díaz y Amancai Nahuelpan, pero la llegada de nuevos, como Genzoman (portada), Marko Torres, Cristóbal Jofré, Ékara, Kobal, Jade Gonzalez, Javiera Constanzo (portada), Juan Vázquez y Fyto Manga. Este último dibujante fue contratado en 2011 para ejercer labores de dirección editorial, cargo que ha comprometido la aparición de los números 26 y 27 de la revista.

Contenido
Actualmente tiene 27 tomos publicados. En cada uno de ellos, se pueden apreciar entre 3 a 5 historias diferentes en las cuales aparecen identificados los diferentes dibujantes, coloristas y guionistas, aunque no siempre existe identificación de sus autores.

Importancia
La importancia de Caleuche Cómic radica en que ha logrado impulsar a un gran número de artistas chilenos, diluyendo la dificultosa labor de muchos jóvenes artistas para hacerse conocidos (por ejemplo, la portada del tomo 24 fue realizada por Eduardo Risso, que actualmente trabaja en los Estados Unidos dibujando Wolverine y Batman, entre otras). A pesar de que aparece constantemente en la prensa y ha participado de la película chilena Kiltro, la recopilación de información acerca de la revista es un poco dificultosa debido a su carácter informal y poco constante.

Adicionalmente, la revista goza del apoyo de las instituciones "100 Años de Cómic en Chile" y Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes, encabezado por la directora regional, Mariana Deisler, al crear la primera novela gráfica de la Región del Maule. También participa en el "Salón de la ilustración y el cómic del sur" organizado por Duoc UC. Actualmente sigue apoyando eventos ligados al cómic, por ejemplo, participa de forma activa en la primera feria internacional de Cómic en Santiago de Chile.

Todos sus ejemplares pueden encontrarse en librerías, kioscos, comiquearías y bibliotecas (como la Biblioteca Nacional de Chile o la Biblioteca de la Universidad de Santiago, donde se pueden hallar todos sus tomos).

Véase también
 Historieta en Chile

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
 Caleuche Comics 2.0.

Historieta de Chile

Caleuche Comic


William Glenn Shadix Scott (Bessemer, Alabama, 15 de abril de 1952 - Birmingham, Alabama, 7 de septiembre de 2010), conocido simplemente como Glenn Shadix, fue un actor estadounidense. Sus papeles más famosos fueron el de Otho Fenlock en la película de Tim Burton Beetlejuice, como Lionel Spalding en Dunston Checks In y como la voz del Alcalde en la película Pesadilla antes de Navidad.

Primeros años y educación
Shadix nació en Bessemer, Alabama. Su apellido Scott se le añade pocos años después de su nacimiento ya que su madre se volvió a casar con otro hombre. Estudió en el Birminghan-Southern College por dos años, y coincidió con el dramaturgo y director Arnold Powell.

Carrera
Vivió en Nueva York antes de mudarse a Hollywood a finales de los años 70. Consiguió su papel en la película Beetlejuice mientras hacía una obra de teatro, haciendo el papel de Gertrude Stein. Tim Burton, director de Beetlejuice, volvió a contar en 1993 con Shadix para doblar al Alcalde de Ciudad Halloween en, Pesadilla antes de Navidad, y para el remake de El planeta de los simios en 2001. En 1996 trabajó en la comedia Dunston Checks In, en el papel de Lionel Spalding.

En 2005, Shadix fue elegido para doblar a Brain y Monsieur Mallah en la quinta temporada de la serie animada Teen Titans. Su otros trabajos como doblador en televisión incluyen la voz de Nightmare, y en episodios de Las Aventuras de Jackie Chan y Liga de la Justicia Ilimitada. Repitió su voz de Pesadilla antes de Navidad en el videojuego Pesadilla antes de Navidad: La venganza de Oogie, y en el videojuego de Square-Enix Kingdom Hearts II.

Su trabajo en televisión incluye también la serie de drama de la HBO Carnivàle, la comedia de la NBC Seinfeld, en la que interpretó al propietario del departamento de Jerry, y Hercules: The Legendary Journeys.

Vida personal
Shadix era abiertamente gay, y escribió que, cuando era adolescente, se sometió a una terapia de aversión electroconvulsiva en un intento fallido de convertirse en heterosexual.

En 2007, después de pasar 30 años en Los Ángeles, regresó a su ciudad natal de Bessemer, Alabama, donde compró una casa de la era Victoriana. La casa se destruyó en un incendio el 13 de diciembre de 2008; Shadix declaró a los periodistas en ese momento: "He perdido mi sueño".

Muerte
El 7 de septiembre de 2010, Shadix cayó accidentalmente en la cocina en su condominio y murió a los 58 años en el hospital de un traumatismo directo en la cabeza. Durante sus últimos días de vida había estado en una silla de ruedas por problemas de movilidad.

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Alabama
Fallecidos en Birmingham (Alabama)
Actores de cine de Estados Unidos
Actores de televisión de Estados Unidos
Actores de teatro de Estados Unidos
Fallecidos por caídas accidentales

Glenn Shadix


The Syntax/Semantic Language (S/SL) is an executable high level specification language for recursive descent parsers, semantic analyzers and code generators developed by James Cordy, Ric Holt and David Wortman at the University of Toronto in 1980.

S/SL is a small programming language that supports cheap recursion and defines input, output, and error token names (& values), semantic mechanisms (class interfaces whose methods are really escapes to routines in a host programming language but allow good abstraction in the pseudocode) and a pseudocode program that defines the syntax of the input language by the token stream the program accepts. Alternation, control flow and one-symbol look-ahead constructs are part of the language.

The S/SL processor compiles this pseudocode into a table (byte-codes) that is interpreted by the S/SL table-walker (interpreter). The pseudocode language processes the input language in LL(1) recursive descent style but extensions allow it to process any LR(k) language relatively easily.  S/SL is designed to provide excellent syntax error recovery and repair. It is more powerful and transparent than Yacc but can be slower.

S/SL's "semantic mechanisms" extend its capabilities to all phases of compiling, and it has been used to implement all phases of compilation, including scanners, parsers, semantic analyzers, code generators and virtual machine interpreters in multi-pass language processors.

S/SL has been used to implement production commercial compilers for languages such as PL/I, Euclid, Turing, Ada, and COBOL, as well as interpreters, command processors, and domain specific languages of many kinds.  It is the primary technology used in IBM's ILE/400 COBOL compiler, and the ZMailer mail transfer agent uses S/SL for defining both its mail router processing language and its RFC 822 email address validation.

References

Compiling tools
Parser generators

S/SL programming language


In Arabic onomastics ("nisbah"), Al-Badawi denotes a relationship to or from Bedouin areas (consequently "badawi" may sometimes imply rustic). It is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
Ahmad al-Badawi, a saint in Islam
Al-Baydawi, philosopher and mufassir
Jamal al-Bedawi, also written Jamal al-Badawi, a contemporary Yemeni accused and convicted of planning the USS Cole Bombing
Jamal Badawi, Egyptian-born Canadian professor and author
Abdel Hamid Badawi, Egyptian jurist and Foreign Minister
Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, Malaysia's fifth prime minister
Abdel Rahman Badawi, Egyptian existentialist philosopher
El-Sayyid el-Badawi, Egyptian businessman and the President of Al-Wafd Party
Helmy Bahgat Badawi, first chairman of the Suez Canal Authority
Mohamed Badawi, Sudanese linguist and publisher, singer and composer
Mohsen Badawi, Egyptian entrepreneur, political activist, and writer
Nadia Badawi, Egyptian-born Australian medical researcher, specialising in cerebral palsy
Raif Badawi, Saudi Arabian blogger and prisoner of conscience
Samar Badawi, Saudi Arabian human rights activist
Zaki Badawi, Muslim scholar
Zeinab Badawi, British newsreader and broadcaster
Given name:
Badawi al-Jabal, a Syrian poet

Other:
Stage name of Israeli composer Raz Mesinai

See also
Al-Badawi
Bedouin

Arabic-language surnames
Bedouins

Badawi


مجدل المعوش هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء الشوف في محافظة جبل لبنان.

المراجع

مذابح في مسيحيون في لبنان
أماكن مأهولة في محافظة جبل لبنان
مدن لبنان

مجدل معوش