سكانديانو (Scandiano) مدينة إيطالية في إقليم إميليا رومانيا يقطنها 23.934 ساكن، وهي إحدى أهم المراكز الاقتصادية في مقاطعة ريدجو إميليا. المدينة مبنية على مواقع مأهولة منذ العصر الحجري الحديث.

الجغرافيا

تقع مدينة سكانديانو على هامش الأبينيني الردجاني. ترتفع 50 متراً فوق مستوى البحر وبها قمة مونتي إفانجيلكو المرتفعة 423 متراً. يخترق أراضيها البلدية من الشمال الغربي إلى الجنوب الشرقي نهر تريزينارو، الرافد الأيسر لنهر سيكيا.

التاريخ
تعود أقدم المكتشفات التاريخية التي وجدت بهذه الأراضي إلى العصر الحجري الحديث. أهمها تمثال فينوس كيوتسا، الموجود حالياً في متحف ريدجو إميليا.
أسس المستوطنة الحالية جيلبيرتو فولياني في عام 1262 ببناء القلعة والتي بنيت حولها بعض المساكن. عاش بعض المشاهير في سكانديانو : العالم أنطونيو فاليسنيري، والعالم القس لادزارو سبالإنساني، والشاعر ماتيو ماريا بوياردو.

العمارة وأماكن الهامة
القلعة بالتأكيد هي أحد أهم الأماكن فنياً بأراضي سكانديانو، حصن بوياردو. هي أول خلية بنائية في البلد، وكانت لثمانية قرون رمزاً لسلطتها السياسية.
يمتد المركب المعماري على مساحة 5000 متر مربع، وشهد عدة تطويرات على مر الزمن.
في الواقع، ولدت سنة 1315 كبناء دفاعي مع آل دا فولياني، وحولتها الأسرة بوياردو إلى إقامة أميرية (1423- 1560)، وأخيراً إلى قصر من عصر النهضة لمركيزات تييني (1565 - 1623) وأمراء إستي (1645- 1726). ينسجم بالمبني المعمار القروسطي (البرج الخلفي للمدخل الشمالي، وزخرفة الأقواس الصغيرة في الفناء) والنهضوي (رواق الفناء) والباروكي (السلالم الكبيرة، النوافذ الثنائية، عتبات الفناء، زخارف الشقة الإستية الجصية).
جرى كل تاريخ سكانديانو وشعبها داخل القلعة. في غرفة بالطابق الأول من المبنى، وُلد الشاعر ماتيو ماريا بوياردو ؛ وفي أقبيتها أجرى العظيم لادزارو سبالإنساني تجاربه. أقام في القلعة الشاعر فرانشيسكو بتراركا والمصلح جان كالفن والبابا بولس الثالث. هنا في 10 أكتوبر سنة 1796 احتفت بالحرية وبنابليون وانضمت إلى الجمهورية الردجانية.
أيضاً في داخل هذه القلعة، جرت في 11 مارس 1860 الموافقة العامة التي أقرت انضمام سكانديانو إلى مملكة سردينيا.

شخصيات مرتبطة بسكانديانو

في سنة 1861 بلغ عدد السكان  نسمة، وتطور العدد ليصل في سنة 2011 لـ  نسمة.

وُلد في سكانديانو :
 باسكوينو بورغي، كاهن والمناضل، متحصل على الميدالية اللبسالة العسكرية الذهبية
 ماتيو ماريا بوياردو، شاعر وأديب
 رومانو برودي، رئبيس الوزراء السابق، والرئيس المفوضية الأوروبية السابق
 لويجي غيري، مصور
 جيان غيدو فولوني، السياسي ووزير سابق.
 راديوستارس فرقة موسيقية
 لادزارو سبالإنساني، كاهن وعالم أحياء
 فيليام فيكي، لاعب سابق
 فيرمو كاميليني، دراج
 عائلة تييني

التوأمة
  بلانسكو, تشيكيا, منذ 1964
  توبيز, بلجيكا, منذ 1975
  المنسى, إسبانيا, منذ 1989

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الإدارة البلدية الرسمي
 أحداث ومعلومات عن مدينة سكانديانو
 بوابة سكانديانو وضواحيها
 مدونة عن المدينة
 دراسات تاريخية فنية عن قلعة سكانديانو
 معلومات عن الطقس

مراجع

بلديات مقاطعة ريدجو إميليا
مدن وبلدات في إميليا-رومانيا

سكانديانو


Der Zimmererklatsch (in der Schweiz auch  Zimmermannsklatsch) ist ein im Sitzen oder Stehen praktizierter traditioneller Tanz der Zimmerer.

Beschreibung
Je zwei Tänzer stehen oder sitzen einander gegenüber und klatschen nach feststehendem Schema auf eigene Körperteile und auf die Handflächen des Partners/Gegners. Meist besteht der Zimmererklatsch aus sechs sich wiederholenden Takten, die zum Lied geklatscht werden.

Bei dem alten Brauch handelt es sich um einen ritualisierten Kampftanz (ähnlich dem Schuhplattler und dem Watschentanz). Anderen Beschreibungen zufolge mahnt der Zimmererklatsch die Zimmerleute, ein sorgfältiges Gerüst zu bauen und einander Sorge zu tragen. Auch heute wird der Zimmererklatsch bei festlichen Anlässen wie der Lossprechungsfeier gepflegt.

Ablauf

Beim Zimmererklatsch sitzen oder stehen sich zwei Gesellen gegenüber und klatschen wie folgt:

1. beide Hände auf die eigenen Schenkel
2. beide Hände an die eigenen Hüften
3. beide Hände vor der Brust zusammenklatschen
4. dem Gegenüber überkreuzt vor der Brust die rechte Hand gegen dessen rechte Hand schlagen
4. dem Gegenüber überkreuzt vor der Brust die linke Hand gegen dessen linke Hand schlagen
6. dem Gegenüber beide Hände, die rechte gegen dessen linke und die linke gegen dessen rechte Hand, schlagen
 und wieder von vorn und immer im gleichen Rhythmus.

Trivia
2016 stellten 1306 Zimmerer in Basel einen Weltrekord im Guinness-Buch der Rekorde auf, für die meisten Personen, die gleichzeitig einen Zimmermannsklatsch klatschen.

Weblinks
 Kurze Beschreibung des Zimmererklatsches
 Video von festlichem Zimmererklatsch
 Zimmererklatsch auf schwebendem Dachstuhl

Einzelnachweise

Deutscher Tanz
Feste und Brauchtum (Deutschland)
Feste und Brauchtum (Schweiz)

Zimmererklatsch


Bochum-Hamme, Almanya'nın batısında Kuzey Ren-Vestfalya eyaleti Bochum kentine bağlı bölge. 3,97 km2 yüzölçüme sahiptir. Toplam 102.295 nüfusa sahip olan Bochum-Mitte idari merkezine bağlıdır. Nüfusu 31.10.2006 itibarıyla yaklaşık 15.334 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bochum-Hamme bölgesinde kadınların payı yüzde 51,1, yabancı oranı ise yüzde 15,4 olarak saptanmıştır. Bölgenin Türk nüfusu oldukça yüksektir.

Bochum

Bochum-Hamme


Fra Juro Marčinković (Bilice, općina Kotor Varoš, 1942.), hrvatski katolički svećenik, bosanski franjevac, vrstan poznavatelj ljekovitosti biljaka.

Životopis
Rodio se u Bilicama pokraj Kotor Varoši kao osmo od trinaestero djece u obitelji od kojih je samo šestero ostalo živo. Iz obitelji generacijama dugog niza šumara. I otac i pradjedovi bili su šumari u banjolučkom kraju. Pritom su sakupljali bilje, sušili ga i preporučavali za liječenje pojedinih bolesti, nosili u otkupnu postaju i prodavali. Juro je ljekovito bilje skupljao i brao od osme godine života. Pristupio franjevcima. Zaredio se za katoličkog svećenika. Mlade svećeničke godine proveo je po Bosni, pet, te četiri na Kosovu. Sve je vrijeme skupljao ljekovito bilje i recepte od starih ljudi, iskušavao ih, kombinirao i davao bolesnim ljudima, što je nastavio nakon odlaska u Njemačku 1979. godine u kojoj je ostao 24 godine. U Njemačkoj je našao mnoge naslove o fitoterapiji. Pročitao preko 400 knjiga o liječenju lijekovitim biljem. Marčinković je završio studije teologije, magistrirao kazneno pravo i studirao je kinesku medicinu. Uvijek je isticao važnost primata suvremene medicine i suradnje s liječnicima, a potom kombiniranje starinske pučke medicine sa suvremenom medicinom.

Cijeloga je života sâm vodio svoje kućanstvo: kuhao, prao, čistio, njegovao, liječio... Tražio je, prikupljao, odabirao, iskušavao i zapisivao savjete jednakom strašću kojom je prikupljao građu za svoje knjige. Jedno od svojih najvažnijih djela, Božju biljnu ljekarnu, napisao je nakon 50-godišnjeg proučavanja biljaka i 20-godišnjeg iskustva u radu s bolesnicima koji su uzimali lijekove priređene na način što ga autor navodi u knjizi. Knjiga je iz tri dijela. U prvom su dijelu raznoliki sadržaji koji govore općenito o ljekovitim biljkama kroz povijest, ali i o autorovim iskustvima. U drugom se dijelu govori o ljekovitim biljkama i receptima za izradu ljekovitih pripravaka. Treći dio knjige opisuje različite bolesti za koje se preporučuje liječenje biljkama, a tekstu su dodani i recepti za izradu odgovarajućih lijekova. Voditelj emisije Zlatni savjeti na Laudato TV. Djela: Božja biljna ljekarna (2001.), Ljekaruša (2011.), Zlata vrijedni savjeti (2016.).

Priznanja
 Knjiga Božja biljna ljekarna u Njemačkoj je proglašena za najbolju knjigu o ljekovitom bilju ikad objavljenu na njemačkom jeziku (Gottes Heilpflanzerapotheke).

Izvori

Hrvatski katolički svećenici
Bosanskohercegovački franjevci

Juro Marčinković


Anthurium organense é uma espécie de  planta do gênero Anthurium e da família Araceae.

Taxonomia
A espécie foi descrita em 1898 por Adolf Engler.

Forma de vida
É uma espécie terrícola e herbácea.

Conservação
A espécie faz parte da Lista Vermelha das espécies ameaçadas do estado do Espírito Santo, no sudeste do Brasil. A lista foi publicada em 13 de junho de 2005 por intermédio do decreto estadual nº 1.499-R.

Distribuição
A espécie é endêmica do Brasil e encontrada nos estados brasileiros de Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo.
A espécie é encontrada no domínio fitogeográfico de Mata Atlântica, em regiões com vegetação de campos de altitude e floresta ombrófila pluvial.

Ligações externas
 Anthurium organense no projeto Flora e Funga do Brasil

Anthurium
Plantas descritas em 1898
Flora do Espírito Santo (estado)
Espécies citadas na Lista Vermelha de Ameaça da Flora Brasileira
Espécies citadas na Lista de Espécies da Flora Ameaçadas do Espírito Santo

Anthurium organense


João Eduardo Barbosa Rocha (Birigui, 30 de setembro de 1966), mais conhecido como Eduardo Rocha, é um político brasileiro, filiado ao Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (MDB). Foi deputado estadual pelo Mato Grosso do Sul.

Biografia
Nascido na cidade de Birigui, em São Paulo, Eduardo Rocha mudou-se com sua família – pai, mãe e duas irmãs - para Três Lagoas (MS), aos dois anos de idade.

Em 1996, formou-se na Faculdade de Economia de Andradina e casou-se com Simone Tebet, hoje Ministra do Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Gestão, com quem teve duas filhas.

Atuou como assessor parlamentar do sogro, o senador Ramez Tebet e cuidava do seu escritório na capital Campo Grande. Quando a esposa foi eleita prefeita de Três Lagoas, retornou para a cidade.

Em 2010, foi eleito deputado estadual com 25.428 votos, sendo reeleito em 2014 com 30.873 votos e, em 2018, com 22.347 votos.

Foi líder da bancada do MDB na Assembleia de 2011 a 2019, deixando o cargo ao ser eleito vice-presidente da ALMS.

Em 3 de dezembro de 2021, foi nomeado para Secretaria de Estado de Governo e Gestão Estratégica pelo governador Reinaldo Azambuja.

Em 19 de janeiro de 2023, assumiu a Secretaria da Casa Civil.

Referências

Nascidos em 1966
Naturais de Birigui
Deputados estaduais de Mato Grosso do Sul
Membros do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro
Família Tebet

Eduardo Rocha


Nizhny Tagil é uma cidade do oblast de Sverdlovsk, no oeste da parte asiática da Rússia, com 344656 habitantes (2021). É atravessada pelo rio Tagil, que lhe dá o nome. Tem um museu de história regional.

Indústria
Nizhny Tagil é uma cidade industrial, com mais de 600 fábricas. Localiza-se aí a empresa de material militar Uralvagonzavod, que constrói o tanque T-90.

Desporto
Nizhny Tagil é um dos centros de esqui mais importantes da Rússia, integrando a Copa do Mundo de Salto de Esqui.

Personalidades
 Valeri Brainin (1948-) - compositor
 Konstantin Novoselov (1974-) - Prémio Nobel da Física em 2010
 Andrei Aliaksandrau (1978-) - jornalista
 Dmitry Larionov (1985-) - canoísta
 Oleg Shatov (1990-) - futebolista
 Maxim Kanunnikov (1991-) - futebolista

Cidades do oblast de Sverdlovsk

Nizhny Tagil


Ye ( ; born Kanye Omari West  ; June 8, 1977) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, and fashion designer. One of the world's best-selling music artists with 160 million records sold, West has won 24 Grammy Awards, the joint tenth-most of all time and most awarded for any hip hop artist jointly with Jay-Z. His other accolades include a Billboard Artist Achievement Award, a joint-record three Brit Awards for Best International Male Solo Artist and the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award.

Six of West's albums were included on Rolling Stones 2020 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list with the same publication naming him one of the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time. He holds the joint record (with Bob Dylan) for most albums (4) topping the annual Pazz & Jop critic poll. Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005 and 2015. As a fashion designer, he has collaborated with Nike, Inc., Louis Vuitton, Gap Inc., and A.P.C. on clothing and footwear and led the Yeezy collaboration with Adidas.

West's outspoken views have received significant media coverage. He has been a frequent source of controversy due to his conduct on social media and at awards shows and public settings, as well as his comments on the music and fashion industries, U.S. politics, race, and slavery. His Christian faith, high-profile marriage to Kim Kardashian, and mental health have also been topics of media attention. In 2020, West launched an unsuccessful independent presidential campaign which advocated for a consistent life ethic. In 2022, he was widely condemned and lost many sponsors and partnershipsincluding his collaborations with Adidas, Gap, and Balenciagaafter making a series of antisemitic statements, including denying the Holocaust.

Early life
West was born on June 8, 1977, in Atlanta, Georgia. After his parents divorced when he was three years old, he moved with his mother to Chicago, Illinois. His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Ray later became a Christian counselor, and in 2006, opened the Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland, with startup capital from his son. West's mother, Donda C. West (née Williams), was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University and the Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University before retiring to serve as his manager.

West was raised in a middle-class environment, attending Polaris School for Individual Education in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois, after living in Chicago. At the age of 10, West moved with his mother to Nanjing, China, where she was teaching at Nanjing University as a Fulbright Scholar. According to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but he settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it. When asked about his grades in high school, West replied, "I got A's and B's."

West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age; he began writing poetry when he was five years old. West started rapping in the third grade and began making musical compositions in the seventh grade, eventually selling them to other artists. West crossed paths with producer No I.D., who became West's friend and mentor. After graduating from high school, West received a scholarship to attend Chicago's American Academy of Art in 1997 and began taking painting classes. Shortly after, he transferred to Chicago State University to study English. At age 20, he dropped out to pursue his musical career. This greatly displeased his mother, who was also a professor at the university, although she would later accept the decision.

Musical career

1996–2002: Early work and Roc-A-Fella
West began his early production career in the mid-1990s, creating beats primarily for burgeoning local artists in the Chicago area. He received his first official production credits at age nineteen, when he produced eight tracks on Down to Earth, the 1996 debut album of Chicago-based underground rapper Grav. In 1998, West was the first producer signed to the management-production company Hip Hop Since 1978, founded by Gee Roberson and Kyambo "Hip-Hop" Joshua. For a time, West acted as a ghost producer for Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie. Due to his association with Angelettie, West was not able to release a solo album, so he formed the Go-Getters, a hip hop group composed of him, GLC, Timmy G, Really Doe, and Arrowstar. The Go-Getters independently released their first and only studio album, World Record Holders in 1999 through West's company Konman Productions. West spent much of the late 1990s producing records for several well-known artists and music groups. He produced the third track on Foxy Brown's second studio album Chyna Doll (1999), which became the second hip-hop album by a female rapper to peak the US Billboard 200 chart upon release.

In 2000, West began producing for artists on Roc-A-Fella. West is often credited with revitalizing Jay-Z's career with his contributions to Jay-Z's 2001 album The Blueprint, which Rolling Stone ranked among their list of greatest hip-hop albums. Serving as an in-house producer for Roc-A-Fella, West produced records for other artists on the label, including Beanie Sigel and Freeway, but also produced beats which were used by artists on other labels including Ludacris, Alicia Keys, and Janet Jackson. Meanwhile, West struggled to attain a record deal as a rapper. Multiple record companies, including Capitol Records, denied or ignored him because he did not portray the gangsta image prominent in mainstream hip hop at the time. Desperate to keep West from defecting to another label, then-label head Damon Dash reluctantly signed West to Roc-A-Fella as a recording artist.

A 2002 car accident, which shattered his jaw, inspired West; two weeks after being admitted to the hospital, he recorded "Through the Wire" at the Record Plant Studios with his jaw still wired shut. The song was first included on West's debut mixtape Get Well Soon..., which was released in December 2002. At the same time, West announced that he was working on an album titled The College Dropout, whose overall theme was to "make your own decisions. Don't let society tell you, 'This is what you have to do.'"

2003–2006: The College Dropout and Late Registration

West recorded the remainder of the album in Los Angeles while recovering from the car accident. It was leaked months before its release date, and West used the opportunity to remix, remaster, and revise the album before its release; West added new verses, string arrangements, gospel choirs, and improved drum programming. The album was postponed three times from its initial date in August 2003, and was eventually released in February 2004, reaching No. 2 on the Billboard 200 as his debut single, "Through the Wire" peaked at No. 15 while on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for five weeks. "Slow Jamz", his second single, featuring Twista and Jamie Foxx, became the three musicians' first No. 1 hit. The College Dropout received near-universal critical acclaim, was voted the top album of the year by two major music publications, and has consistently been ranked among the great hip-hop works and debut albums by artists.

"Jesus Walks", the album's fourth single, reached the top 20 of the Billboard pop charts, despite industry executives' predictions that a song containing such blatant declarations of faith would never make it to the radio. The College Dropout was certified triple platinum in the US, and garnered West 10 Grammy nominations, including Album of the Year, and Best Rap Album (which it received). During this period, West founded GOOD Music, a record label and management company that housed affiliate artists and producers, such as No I.D. and John Legend, and produced singles for Brandy, Common, Legend, and Slum Village.

West invested $2 million and took over a year to make his second album. West was inspired by Roseland NYC Live, a 1998 live album by English trip hop group Portishead, produced with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, incorporating string arrangements into his hip-hop production. Though West had not been able to afford many live instruments around the time of his debut album, the money from his commercial success enabled him to hire a string orchestra for his second album Late Registration. West collaborated with American film score composer Jon Brion, who served as the album's co-executive producer for several tracks. Late Registration sold over 2.3 million units in the United States alone by the end of 2005 and was considered by industry observers as the only successful major album release of the fall season, which had been plagued by steadily declining CD sales.

When his song "Touch the Sky" failed to win Best Video at the 2006 MTV Europe Music Awards, West went onto the stage as the award was being presented to Justice and Simian for "We Are Your Friends" and argued that he should have won the award instead. Hundreds of news outlets worldwide criticized the outburst. On November 7, 2006, West apologized for this outburst publicly during his performance as support act for U2 for their Vertigo concert in Brisbane. He later spoofed the incident on the 33rd-season premiere of Saturday Night Live in September 2007.

2007–2009: Graduation, 808s & Heartbreak, and VMAs incident

West's third studio album, Graduation, garnered major publicity when its release date pitted West in a sales competition against rapper 50 Cent's Curtis. Upon their September 2007 releases, Graduation outsold Curtis by a large margin, debuting at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart and selling 957,000 copies in its first week. Graduation continued the string of critical and commercial successes by West, and the album's lead single, "Stronger", garnered his third number-one hit. "Stronger", which samples French house duo Daft Punk, has been accredited to not only encouraging other hip-hop artists to incorporate house and electronica elements into their music, but also for playing a part in the revival of disco and electro-infused music in the late 2000s. His mother's death in November 2007 and the end of his engagement to Alexis Phifer profoundly affected West, who set off for his 2008 Glow in the Dark Tour shortly thereafter.

Recorded mostly in Honolulu, Hawaii in three weeks, West announced his fourth album, 808s & Heartbreak, at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards, where he performed its lead single, "Love Lockdown". Music audiences were taken aback by the uncharacteristic production style and the presence of Auto-Tune, which typified the pre-release response to the record. 808s & Heartbreak was released by Island Def Jam in November 2008. Upon its release, the lead single "Love Lockdown" debuted at number three on the Billboard Hot 100, while follow-up single "Heartless" debuted at number four. While it was criticized prior to release, 808s & Heartbreak is considered to have had a significant effect on hip-hop music, encouraging other rappers to take more creative risks with their productions.

While Taylor Swift was accepting her award for Best Female Video at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, West went on stage and grabbed the microphone from her to proclaim that Beyoncé deserved the award instead. He was subsequently removed from the remainder of the show for his actions. West was criticized by various celebrities for the outburst, and by President Barack Obama, who called West a "jackass". The incident sparked a large influx of Internet photo memes. West subsequently apologized, including personally to Swift. However, in a November 2010 interview, he seemed to recant his past apologies, describing the act at the 2009 awards show as "selfless".

2010–2012: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, Watch the Throne, and Cruel Summer

Following the highly publicized incident, West took a brief break from music and threw himself into fashion, only to hole up in Hawaii for the next few months writing and recording his next album. Importing his favorite producers and artists to work on and inspire his recording, West kept engineers behind the boards 24 hours a day and slept only in increments. Noah Callahan-Bever, a writer for Complex, was present during the sessions and described the "communal" atmosphere as thus: "With the right songs and the right album, he can overcome any and all controversy, and we are here to contribute, challenge, and inspire." A variety of artists contributed to the project, including close friends Jay-Z, Kid Cudi and Pusha T, as well as off-the-wall collaborations, such as with Justin Vernon of Bon Iver.

My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, West's fifth studio album, was released in November 2010 to widespread acclaim from critics, many of whom considered it his best work and said it solidified his comeback. In stark contrast to his previous effort, which featured a minimalist sound, Dark Fantasy adopts a maximalist philosophy and deals with themes of celebrity and excess. The record included the international hit "All of the Lights", and Billboard hits "Power", "Monster", and "Runaway", the latter of which accompanied a 35-minute film of the same name directed by and starring West. During this time, West initiated the free music program GOOD Fridays through his website, offering a free download of previously unreleased songs each Friday, a portion of which were included on the album. This promotion ran from August to December 2010. Dark Fantasy went on to go platinum in the United States, but its omission as a contender for Album of the Year at the 54th Grammy Awards was viewed as a "snub" by several media outlets.

2011 saw West embark on a festival tour to commemorate the release of My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy performing and headlining numerous festivals including; SWU Music & Arts, Austin City Limits Music Festival, Oya Festival, Flow Festival, Live Music Festival,
The Big Chill, Essence Music Festival, Lollapalooza and Coachella which was described by The Hollywood Reporter as "one of greatest hip-hop sets of all time", West released the collaborative album Watch the Throne with Jay-Z in August 2011. By employing a sales strategy that released the album digitally weeks before its physical counterpart, Watch the Throne became one of the few major label albums in the Internet age to avoid a leak. "Niggas in Paris" became the record's highest-charting single, peaking at number five on the Billboard Hot 100. The co-headlining Watch the Throne Tour kicked off in October 2011 and concluded in June 2012. In 2012, West released the compilation album Cruel Summer, a collection of tracks by artists from West's record label GOOD Music.

2013–2015: Yeezus and the Yeezus Tour

Sessions for West's sixth solo effort begin to take shape in early 2013 in his own personal loft's living room at a Paris hotel. Determined to "undermine the commercial", he once again brought together close collaborators and attempted to incorporate Chicago drill, dancehall, acid house, and industrial music. Primarily inspired by architecture, West's perfectionist tendencies led him to contact producer Rick Rubin fifteen days shy of its due date to strip down the record's sound in favor of a more minimalist approach. Initial promotion of his sixth album included worldwide video projections of the album's music and live television performances. Yeezus, West's sixth album, was released June 18, 2013, to rave reviews from critics. It became his sixth consecutive number one debut, but also marked his lowest solo opening week sales.

In September 2013, West announced he would be headlining his first solo tour in five years, to support Yeezus, with fellow American rapper Kendrick Lamar accompanying him as a supporting act. The tour was met with rave reviews from critics. Rolling Stone described it as "crazily entertaining, hugely ambitious, emotionally affecting (really!) and, most importantly, totally bonkers". Writing for Forbes, Zack O'Malley Greenburg praised West for "taking risks that few pop stars, if any, are willing to take in today's hyper-exposed world of pop", describing the show as "overwrought and uncomfortable at times, but [it] excels at challenging norms and provoking thought in a way that just isn't common for mainstream musical acts of late". West subsequently released a number of singles featuring Paul McCartney, including "Only One" and "FourFiveSeconds", also featuring Rihanna.

In November 2013, West stated that he was beginning work on his next studio album, hoping to release it by mid-2014, with production by Rick Rubin and Q-Tip. Having initially announced a new album entitled Yeezus II slated for a 2014 release, West announced in March 2015 that the album would instead be tentatively called So Help Me God. In May 2015, West was awarded an honorary doctorate by the School of the Art Institute of Chicago for his contributions to music, fashion, and popular culture. The next month, West headlined at the Glastonbury Festival in the UK, despite a petition signed by almost 135,000 people against his appearance. Another petition aimed to block West from headlining the 2015 Pan American Games, garnering 50,000 supporters.

2016–2017: The Life of Pablo and tour cancellation

West announced in January 2016 that SWISH would be released on February 11, and later that month, released new songs "Real Friends" and a snippet of "No More Parties in LA" with Kendrick Lamar. On January 26, 2016, West revealed he had renamed the album from SWISH to Waves. In the weeks leading up to the album's release, West became embroiled in several Twitter controversies. Several days ahead of its release, West again changed the title, this time to The Life of Pablo. On February 11, West premiered the album at Madison Square Garden as part of the presentation of his Yeezy Season3 clothing line. Following the preview, West announced that he would be modifying the tracklist once more before its release to the public. He released the album exclusively on Tidal on February 14, 2016, following a performance on SNL. Following its release, West continued to tinker with mixes of several tracks, describing the work as "a living breathing changing creative expression" and proclaiming the end of the album as a dominant release form. Despite West's earlier comments, in addition to Tidal, the album was released through several other competing services starting in April.

In February 2016, West stated on Twitter that he was planning to release another album in the summer of 2016, tentatively called Turbo Grafx 16 in reference to the 1990s video game console of the same name. In June 2016, West released the collaborative lead single "Champions" off the GOOD Music album Cruel Winter, which has yet to be released. Later that month, West released a controversial video for "Famous", which depicted wax figures of several celebrities (including West, Kardashian, Taylor Swift, businessman and then-presidential candidate Donald Trump, comedian Bill Cosby, and former president George W. Bush) sleeping nude in a shared bed.

In August 2016, West embarked on the Saint Pablo Tour in support of The Life of Pablo. The performances featured a mobile stage suspended from the ceiling. West postponed several dates in October following the Paris robbery of several of his wife's effects. On November 21, 2016, West cancelled the remaining 21 dates on the Saint Pablo Tour, following a week of no-shows, curtailed concerts and rants about politics. He was later admitted for psychiatric observation at UCLA Medical Center. He stayed hospitalized over the Thanksgiving weekend because of a temporary psychosis stemming from sleep deprivation and extreme dehydration. Following this episode West took an 11-month break from posting on Twitter and the public in general.

2017–2019: Ye and the Wyoming Sessions

It was reported in May 2017 that West was recording new music in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, with a wide range of collaborators. In April 2018, West announced plans to write a philosophy book entitled Break the Simulation, later clarifying that he was sharing the book "in real time" on Twitter and began posting content that was likened to "life coaching". Later that month, he also announced two new albums, a solo album and self-titled collaboration with Kid Cudi under the name Kids See Ghosts, both of which would be released in June. Additionally, he revealed he would produce upcoming albums by GOOD Music label-mates Pusha T and Teyana Taylor, as well as Nas. Shortly thereafter, West released the non-album singles "Lift Yourself", a "strange, gibberish track" featuring nonsensical lyrics, and "Ye vs. the People", in which he and T.I. discussed West's controversial support of Donald Trump.

Pusha T's Daytona, "the first project out of Wyoming", was released in May to critical acclaim, although the album's artwork—a photograph of deceased singer Whitney Houston's bathroom that West paid $85,000 to license—attracted some controversy. The following week, West released his eighth studio album, Ye. West has suggested that he scrapped the original recordings of the album and re-recorded it within a month. The week after, West released a collaborative album with Kid Cudi, titled Kids See Ghosts, named after their group of the same name. West also completed production work on Nas' Nasir and Teyana Taylor's K.T.S.E., which were released in June 2018.

In September, West announced his ninth studio album Yandhi to be released by the end of the month and a collaborative album with fellow Chicagoan rapper Chance the Rapper titled Good Ass Job. That same month, West announced that he would be changing his stage name to "Ye". Yandhi was originally set for release in September 2018 but was postponed multiple times. In January 2019, West pulled out of headlining that year's Coachella festival after negotiations broke down due to discord regarding stage design. In July, it was reported that songs from West's unreleased album Yandhi were leaked online. The following month, Kim Kardashian announced that West's next album would be titled Jesus Is King, effectively scrapping Yandhi. By October, the entire unfinished album was available for a short time on streaming services Spotify and Tidal.

2019–2022: Jesus Is King, Donda, and Donda 2

On January 6, 2019, West started his weekly "Sunday Service" orchestration which includes soul variations of both West's and others' songs attended by multiple celebrities including the Kardashians, Charlie Wilson, and Kid Cudi. West previewed a new song, "Water" at his "Sunday Service" orchestration performance at Coachella 2019, which was later revealed to feature on his upcoming album Jesus Is King; West released the album on October 25, 2019. It became the first to ever top the Billboard 200, Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, Top Rap Albums, Top Christian Albums and Top Gospel Albums at the same time. On December 25, 2019, West and Sunday Service released Jesus Is Born, containing 19 songs including several re-workings of older West songs.

West released a single titled "Wash Us in the Blood" on June 30, 2020, featuring fellow American rapper and singer Travis Scott, along with the music video, which was set to serve as the lead single from his tenth studio album Donda. However, in September 2020, West stated that he would not be releasing any further music until he is "done with [his] contract with Sony and Universal". On October 16, he released the single "Nah Nah Nah". West held several listening parties at Mercedes-Benz Stadium for his upcoming album Donda in the summer of 2021, where he had taken up temporary residence in one of the stadium's locker rooms, converting it into a recording studio to finish the recording. After multiple delays, Donda was released on August 29, 2021. West claimed the album was released early without his approval and alleged that Universal had altered the tracklist. He released a delux edition of Donda, including five new songs, to streaming services on November 14, 2021. On November 20, days after ending their long-running feud, West and rapper Drake confirmed that they would stage the "Free Larry Hoover" benefit concert on December 9 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.

On January 5, 2022, West was announced as one of the 2022 headliners of Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. Later that month on January 15, West released the first single for his upcoming album Donda 2, "Eazy" featuring The Game, to be executive produced by American rapper Future. West hosted a listening event for the album at LoanDepot Park in Miami, Florida, on February 22. In April, shortly before Coachella, West pulled out as headlining act, then proceeded to pull out of headlining Rolling Loud. West and The Game performed the single on July 22, marking West's first performance in five months following the low profile he had been keeping since Donda 2 remained unfinished. A day later, despite cancelling as headliner, he appeared at Rolling Loud during Lil Durk's set.

In December 2022, after weeks of controversial antisemitic statements, West released a new song "Someday We'll All Be Free" on his Instagram.

2023–present: Upcoming eleventh studio album and collaborative album with Ty Dolla Sign

On August 25, 2023, West was reported to be in the process of recording his eleventh studio album, with two sources close to him stating that the release of new music was "imminent". On October 13, Billboard reported that West had finished recording a collaborative studio album with Ty Dolla Sign and was in the process of shopping the album to distributors, adding that the album was originally intended for an official release that day but was ultimately pushed back for unknown reasons and expected to drop within the coming weeks. On October 23, Ty Dolla Sign announced that he and West would be holding a "multi-stadium listening event" on November 3 to promote their collaborative project.

Musical style

West's musical career is defined by frequent stylistic shifts and different musical approaches. In the subsequent years since his debut, West has both musically and lyrically taken an increasingly experimental approach to crafting progressive hip hop music while maintaining accessible pop sensibilities. Ed Ledsham of PopMatters said that "West's melding of multiple genres into the hip-hop fold is a complex act that challenges the dominant white notions of what constitutes true 'art' music." West's rhymes have been described as funny, provocative and articulate, capable of seamlessly segueing from shrewd commentary to comical braggadocio to introspective sensitivity. West imparts that he strives to speak in an inclusive manner so groups from different racial and gender backgrounds can comprehend his lyrics, saying he desired to sound "just as ill as Jadakiss and just as understandable as Will Smith". Early in his career, West pioneered a style of hip-hop production dubbed "chipmunk-soul", a sampling technique involving the manipulation of tempo in order to chop and stretch pitched-up samples from vintage soul songs.

On his debut studio album, The College Dropout (2004), West formed the constitutive elements of his style, described as intricate hip-hop beats, topical subject matter, and clumsy rapping laced with inventive wordplay. The record saw West diverge from the then-dominant gangster persona in hip hop in favor of more diverse, topical lyrical subjects, including higher education, materialism, self-consciousness, minimum-wage labor, institutional prejudice, class struggle, family, sexuality, his struggles in the music industry, and middle-class upbringing. Over time, West has explored a variety of music genres, encompassing and taking inspiration from chamber pop on his second studio album, Late Registration (2005), arena rock and europop on his third album, Graduation (2007), synth-driven electropop on his fourth album, 808s & Heartbreak (2008), acid-house, drill, industrial rap and trap on Yeezus (2013), gospel and Christian rap on The Life of Pablo (2016), Jesus is King (2019) and Donda (2021), and psychedelic music on Kids See Ghosts (2018).

Other ventures

Fashion

Early in his career, West made clear his interest in fashion and desire to work in the clothing design industry. He launched his own clothing line in spring 2006, and developed it over the following four years before the line was ultimately cancelled in 2009. In January 2007, West's first sneaker collaboration was released, a special-edition Bapesta from A Bathing Ape. In 2009, West collaborated with Nike to release his own shoe, the Air Yeezys, becoming the first non-athlete to be given a shoe deal with the company. In January 2009, he introduced his first shoe line designed for Louis Vuitton during Paris Fashion Week. The line was released in summer 2009. West has additionally designed shoewear for Italian shoemaker Giuseppe Zanotti.

In fall 2009, West moved to Rome, where he interned at Italian fashion brand Fendi, giving ideas for the men's collection. In March 2011, West collaborated with M/M Paris for a series of silk scarves featuring artwork from My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy. In October 2011, West premiered his women's fashion label at Paris Fashion Week. His debut fashion show received mixed-to-negative reviews. In March 2012, West premiered a second fashion line at Paris Fashion Week. Critics deemed the sophomore effort "much improved" compared to his first show.

On December 3, 2013, Adidas officially confirmed a new shoe collaboration deal with West. After months of anticipation and rumors, West confirmed the release of the Adidas Yeezy Boosts. In 2015, West unveiled a Yeezy clothing line, premiering in collaboration with Adidas early that year. In June 2016, Adidas announced a new long-term contract with Kanye West that extended the Yeezy line to a number of stores, planning to sell sports performance products like basketball, football, and soccer, although Adidas terminated the partnership with West in October 2022 due to his antisemitic remarks. In May 2021, West signed a 10-year deal linking Yeezy with GAP to create Yeezy Gap, however, in September 2022, West announced that he was ending the deal.

Business ventures

West founded the record label and production company GOOD Music in 2004, in conjunction with Sony BMG, shortly after releasing his debut album, The College Dropout. West, alongside then-unknown Ohio singer John Legend and fellow Chicago rapper Common were the label's inaugural artists. The label houses artists including West, Big Sean, Pusha T, Teyana Taylor, Yasiin Bey / Mos Def, D'banj and John Legend, and producers including Hudson Mohawke, Q-Tip, Travis Scott, No I.D., Jeff Bhasker, and S1. GOOD Music has released ten albums certified gold or higher by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In November 2015, West appointed Pusha T the new president of GOOD Music.

In August 2008, West revealed plans to open 10 Fatburger restaurants in the Chicago area; the first was set to open in September 2008 in Orland Park. The second followed in January 2009, while a third location is yet to be revealed, although the process is being finalized. His company, KW Foods LLC, bought the rights to the chain in Chicago. Ultimately, in 2009, only two locations actually opened. In February 2011, West shut down the Fatburger located in Orland Park.

In January 2012, West announced his establishment of the creative content company Donda, named after his late mother. In his announcement, West proclaimed that the company would "pick up where Steve Jobs left off"; Donda would operate as a "design company" with a goal to "make products and experiences that people want and can afford". In stating Donda's creative philosophy, West articulated the need to "put creatives in a room together with like minds" in order to "simplify and aesthetically improve everything we see, taste, touch, and feel." West is notoriously secretive about the company's operations, maintaining neither an official website nor a social media presence. Contemporary critics have noted the consistent minimalistic aesthetic exhibited throughout Donda creative projects.

West expressed interest in starting an architecture firm in May 2013, saying "I want to do product, I am a product person, not just clothing but water bottle design, architecture... I make music but I shouldn't be limited to one place of creativity" and then later in November 2013, delivering a manifesto on his architectural goals during a visit to Harvard Graduate School of Design. In May 2018, West announced he was starting an architecture firm called Yeezy Home, which will act as an arm of his already successful Yeezy fashion label. In June 2018, the first Yeezy Home collaboration was announced by designer Jalil Peraza, teasing an affordable concrete prefabricated home as part of a social housing project.

In March 2015, it was announced that West is a co-owner, with various other music artists, in the music streaming service Tidal. The service specialises in lossless audio and high definition music videos. Jay-Z acquired the parent company of Tidal, Aspiro, in the first quarter of 2015. Sixteen artist stakeholders including Jay-Z, Rihanna, Beyoncé, Madonna, Chris Martin, Nicki Minaj co-own Tidal, with the majority owning a 3% equity stake. In October 2022, in direct response to bans he received on Twitter and Instagram stemming from his antisemitic comments, West reached an agreement in principle to acquire the alt-tech social network Parler for an undisclosed amount. Parler and West mutually agreed to terminate the proposed deal in mid-November.

Philanthropy

West, alongside his mother, founded the Kanye West Foundation in Chicago in 2003, tasked with a mission to battle dropout and illiteracy rates, while partnering with community organizations to provide underprivileged youth access to music education. In 2007, West and the Foundation partnered with Strong American Schools as part of their "Ed in '08" campaign. As spokesman for the campaign, West appeared in a series of PSAs for the organization, and hosted an inaugural benefit concert in August of that year. In 2008, following the death of West's mother, the foundation was rechristened The Dr. Donda West Foundation. The foundation ceased operations in 2011. In 2013, Kanye West and friend Rhymefest founded Donda's House, Inc., a program aimed at helping at-risk Chicago youth.

West has contributed to hurricane relief in 2005 by participating in a Hurricane Katrina benefit concert after the storm had ravaged black communities in New Orleans and in 2012 when he performed at a Hurricane Sandy benefit concert. In January 2019, West donated $10 million towards the completion of the Roden Crater by American artist James Turrell. In June 2020, in the wake of the murder of George Floyd and the following protests, he donated $2million between the family of Floyd and other victims of police brutality, Ahmaud Arbery and Breonna Taylor. The donation funded legal fees for Arbery and Taylor's families, as well as establishing a 529 plan to fully cover college tuition for Floyd's daughter.

Acting and filmmaking

West made cameo appearances as himself in the films State Property 2 (2005) and The Love Guru (2008), and in an episode of the television show Entourage in 2007. West provided the voice for "Kenny West", a rapper, in the animated sitcom The Cleveland Show. In 2009, he starred in the Spike Jonze-directed short film We Were Once a Fairytale (2009), playing himself acting belligerently while drunk in a nightclub. West wrote, directed, and starred in the musical short film Runaway (2010), which heavily features music from My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy. The film depicts a relationship between a man, played by West, and a half-woman, half-phoenix creature.

In 2012, West wrote and directed another short film, titled Cruel Summer, which premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival in a custom pyramid-shaped screening pavilion featuring seven screens constructed for the film. The film was inspired by the compilation album of the same name. West made a cameo appearance in the comedy Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues (2013) as a MTV News representative in the film's fight scene. In September 2018, West announced the starting of a film production company named Half Beast, LLC. A documentary shot over 21 years featuring footage of West's early days in Chicago through the death of his mother to his presidential run was announced to debut in 2021. Titled Jeen-Yuhs, it was acquired by Netflix for $30 million.

Presidential campaigns

2020

On July 4, 2020, West announced on Twitter that he would be running in the 2020 presidential election. On July 7, West was interviewed by Forbes about his presidential run, where he announced that his running mate would be Wyoming preacher Michelle Tidball, and that he would run as an independent under the "Birthday Party", explaining his decision of why he chose the name, saying, "Because when we win, it's everybody's 'birthday'." West also said he no longer supported Trump because he "hid in [a] bunker" during the COVID-19 pandemic. Continuing, he said, "You know? Obama's special. Trump's special. We say Kanye West is special. America needs special people that lead. Bill Clinton? Special. Joe Biden's not special."

Various political pundits speculated that West's presidential run was a publicity stunt to promote his latest music releases. On July 15, 2020, official paperwork was filed with the Federal Election Commission for West, under the "BDY" Party affiliation amid claims that he was preparing to drop out. West held his first rally that weekend, on July 19. West aligned himself with the philosophy of a consistent life ethic, a tenet of Christian democracy. His platform advocated for the creation of a culture of life, endorsing environmental stewardship, supporting the arts, buttressing faith-based organizations, restoring school prayer, providing for a strong national defense, and "America First" diplomacy. In July 2020, West told Forbes that he is ignorant on issues such as taxes and foreign policy.

West conceded on Twitter on November 4, 2020. He received 66,365 votes in the 12 states he had ballot access in, receiving an average of 0.32%. Reported write-in votes gave West an additional 3,931 votes across 5 states. In addition, the Roque De La Fuente / Kanye West ticket won 60,160 votes in California (0.34%). According to Reuters, on January 4, 2021, a Kanye West-linked publicist pressured a Georgia election worker to confess to bogus charges of election tampering to assist Trump's claims of election interference. In December 2021, The Daily Beast reported that West's presidential campaign received millions of dollars in services from a secret network of Republican operatives, payments to which the committee did not report. According to campaign finance experts, this was done to conceal a connection.

2024
West has stated his intentions to run for president again in the 2024 presidential election. In November 2019, he said at an event, "When I run for president in 2024, we would've created so many jobs that I'm not going to run, I'm going to walk." He was met with laughter from the audience. On October 24, 2020, while running for president, West told Joe Rogan on his podcast that he would be open to running for Governor of California. On May 19, 2021, Fox News reported that it had obtained a letter concerning an RFAI (Request for further information) from the Federal Election Commission regarding an exploratory presidential committee. West's representatives stated, "Kanye West has not decided whether to become a candidate for president in the 2024 election, and the activity of the Kanye 2020 committee that prompted this RFAI is strictly exploratory." West said he approached former president Donald Trump and asked him if he would be interested in being his running mate. On subsequent interviews, merchandise, and in songs lyrics, West would repeatedly insinuate that he will indeed run. On November 20, 2022, Kanye announced his intention to run in 2024.

Views

West has been an outspoken and controversial celebrity throughout his career, receiving criticism from the mainstream media, industry colleagues and entertainers, and three U.S. presidents. In a 2005 speech, West criticized both the media and the government's racial disparities in their response to Hurricane Katrina, stating on live television that "George Bush doesn't care about black people". West has voiced his opposition to abortion in 2013, citing his belief in the Sixth Commandment, and in 2022 deemed abortion "genocide and population control" of black people. He has stated that the 400-year enslavement of Africans "sounds like a choice", before elaborating that his comment was in reference to mental enslavement and argued for free thought. He later apologized for the comment.

In late 2022, West made a series of antisemitic statements, resulting in the termination of his collaborations, sponsorships, and partnerships with Vogue, Def Jam Recordings, CAA, Balenciaga, Gap, and Adidas. West was widely condemned after appearing at a dinner hosted by Donald Trump at Mar-a-Lago beside Nick Fuentes, a white nationalist. In a subsequent December appearance on Alex Jones's InfoWars, West praised Adolf Hitler, denied the Holocaust, and identified as a Nazi. Following the interview, West's Twitter account was terminated after he posted an image depicting a swastika entangled within a Star of David. In July 2023, Twitter reversed the ban, citing assurances from West not to post harmful content in the future. The School of the Art Institute of Chicago later rescinded West's honorary degree. According to a 2023 report published by the Anti-Defamation League, West's antisemitic rhetoric has caused several instances of hate-speech vandalism, harassment, and violence across the United States.

Personal life
West's net worth was as high as $1.8 billion in 2021. In October 2022, Forbes estimated his net worth to have dropped to $400 million in large part due to Adidas's termination of their partnership following a series of public antisemitic statements. In August 2021, West applied to have his legal name changed from "Kanye Omari West" to "Ye," with no middle or last name; he cited "personal reasons" for the change. The request was granted in October. West had alluded to wishing to change his name since 2018 and had used Ye as a nickname for several years prior, stating in a 2018 interview that "ye" () was the most commonly used word in the Bible: "In the Bible it means 'you'. So, I'm you. I'm us. It's us. It went from being Kanye, which means the only one, to just Ye."

Relationships and family

Kim Kardashian
In April 2012, West began dating reality television star Kim Kardashian, with whom he had already been long-time friends. West and Kardashian became engaged in October 2013, and married at Fort di Belvedere in Florence in May 2014. Their private ceremony was subject to widespread mainstream coverage, with which West took issue. The couple's high-profile status and respective careers have resulted in their relationship becoming subject to heavy media coverage; The New York Times referred to their marriage as "a historic blizzard of celebrity".

West and Kardashian have four children: North West (born June 2013), Saint West (born December 2015), Chicago West (born via surrogate in January 2018), and Psalm West (born via surrogate in May 2019). In July 2020, during a presidential campaign rally of his, West revealed that he had previously considered abortion during Kardashian's first pregnancy but has since taken anti-abortion views. In April 2015, West and Kardashian traveled to Jerusalem to have North baptized in the Armenian Apostolic Church at the Cathedral of St. James.

In September 2018, West announced that he would be permanently moving back to Chicago to establish his Yeezy company headquarters there. This did not actually occur, and West instead went on to purchase two ranches near Cody, Wyoming, where he recorded his eighth solo studio album, Ye. Kardashian resides with their children in a home that the now-divorced couple owns in California, whereas West moved into a home across the street to continue to be near their children. In fall 2021, West began the process of selling his Wyoming ranch.

In July 2020, West acknowledged the possibility of Kardashian ending their marriage due to his adoption of anti-abortion views. Later that month, West wrote on Twitter that he had been attempting to divorce Kardashian. He also wrote that the Kardashian family was attempting "to lock [him] up". In January 2021, CNN reported that the couple were discussing divorce. A month later, Kardashian filed for divorce, with the couple citing "irreconcilable differences", agreeing to joint custody of their children, and declining spousal support from each other. The divorce settlement was finalized in November 2022, and West was ordered to pay $200,000 in monthly child support and be responsible for half of the children's medical, educational, and security expenses.

Other relationships
West began an on-and-off relationship with the designer Alexis Phifer in 2002, and they became engaged in August 2006. They ended their 18-month engagement in 2008. Phifer stated that the pair had split amicably and remained friends. West dated model Amber Rose from 2008 until mid-2010. In an interview following their split, West stated that he had to take "30 showers" before committing to his next relationship with Kim Kardashian. In response, Rose stated that she had been "bullied" and "slut-shamed" by West throughout their relationship.

In January 2022, actress Julia Fox confirmed in an Interview essay that she was dating West. West continued to say that he wanted his "family back" and publicly lashed out at Kardashian's new boyfriend, comedian Pete Davidson. His treatment of Davidson and Kardashian has been described by commentators as harassment and abusive; the 64th Annual Grammy Awards dropped him as a performer in response to his "concerning online behavior". Less than two months after confirming their relationship, Fox said that she and West had split up but remained on good terms. She later said that she dated West purely to "give people something to talk about" during the COVID-19 pandemic and to "get him off Kim's case".

In January 2023, it was reported that West had informally married Australian architect Bianca Censori, who works for West's Yeezy brand, in a private ceremony in Beverly Hills. The ceremony had no legal standing; the couple did not file for a marriage license. In response to West's subsequent trips to Australia to visit Censori's family, Australian Minister for Education Jason Clare commented that West may be denied a visa due to his recent antisemitic remarks. The Executive Council of Australian Jewry and the Anti-Defamation Commission further argued against granting West entry.

Legal problems
In December 2006, Robert "Evel" Knievel sued the rapper for trademark infringement of his name and likeness in West's video for "Touch the Sky". Knievel took issue with the "vulgar and offensive" and "sexually charged video" in which West takes on the persona of "Evel Kanyevel" that Knievel claimed damaged his reputation. The suit sought monetary damages and an injunction to stop distribution of the video. West's attorneys argued that the music video amounted to satire and therefore was covered under the First Amendment. Days before his death in November 2007, Knievel amicably settled the suit after being paid a visit by West, saying, "I thought he was a wonderful guy and quite a gentleman."

In 2014, after an altercation with a paparazzo at the Los Angeles Airport, West was sentenced to serve two years' probation for a misdemeanor battery conviction, and was required to attend 24 anger management sessions, perform 250 hours of community service, and pay restitution to the photographer. A separate civil lawsuit brought by the paparazzo was settled in 2015, a week before it was due for trial. According to TMZ, an appeal to have West's conviction expunged from his criminal record was granted by a judge in 2016.

Religious beliefs
After the success of his song "Jesus Walks" from the album The College Dropout, West was questioned on his beliefs and said, "I will say that I'm spiritual. I have accepted Jesus as my Savior. And I will say that I fall short every day." In a 2008 interview with The Fader, West stated that "I'm like a vessel, and God has chosen me to be the voice and the connector". In a 2009 interview with online magazine Bossip, West stated that he believed in God, but at the time felt that he "would never go into a religion". In 2014, West referred to himself as a Christian during one of his concerts. Kim Kardashian stated in September 2019: "He has had an amazing evolution of being born again and being saved by Christ." In October 2019, West said with respect to his past, "When I was trying to serve multiple gods it drove me crazy" in reference to the "god of ego, god of money, god of pride, the god of fame", and that "I didn't even know what it meant to be saved" and that now "I love Jesus Christ. I love Christianity."

Politics

In September 2012, West donated $1,000 to Barack Obama's re-election campaign, and in August 2015 he donated $2,700 to Hillary Clinton's 2016 campaign. He also donated $15,000 to the Democratic National Committee in October 2014. In December 2016, West met with President-elect Donald Trump to discuss bullying, supporting teachers, modernizing curriculums, and violence in Chicago. West subsequently stated he would have voted for Trump had he voted. In February 2017, however, West deleted all his tweets about Trump in purported dislike of the new president's policies, particularly the travel ban. West reiterated his support for Donald Trump in April 2018. In October 2018, West donated to progressive Chicago mayoral candidate Amara Enyial.

Mental health
On November 19, 2016, West abruptly ended a concert before being committed at the recommendation of authorities to the UCLA Medical Center with hallucinations and paranoia. While the episode was first described as one of "temporary psychosis" caused by dehydration and sleep deprivation, West's mental state was abnormal enough for his 21 cancelled concerts to be covered by his insurance policy. He was reportedly paranoid and depressed throughout the hospitalization, but remained formally undiagnosed. Some have speculated that the Paris robbery of his wife may have triggered the paranoia. On November 30, West was released from the hospital.

In his song "FML" and his featured verse on Vic Mensa's song "U Mad", he refers to using the antidepressant medication Lexapro, and in his unreleased song "I Feel Like That", he mentions feeling many common symptoms of depression and anxiety. In a 2018 interview, West said that he had become addicted to opioids when they were prescribed to him after liposuction. The addiction may have contributed to his nervous breakdown in 2016. West said that he often has suicidal ideation. West was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in 2016, though his diagnosis was not made public until his 2018 album Ye. He told President Donald Trump that it was a misdiagnosis. He had reportedly accepted the diagnosis again by 2019, but again suggested that it had been a misdiagnosis in 2022. In December 2022, he suggested that he may be autistic.

Musical impact
West is among the most critically acclaimed popular music artists of the 21st century, earning praise from music critics, industry peers, and cultural figures. In 2014, NME named him the third most influential artist in music. Billboard senior editor Alex Gale declared West "absolutely one of the best, and you could make the argument for the best artist of the 21st century." Sharing similar sentiments, Dave Bry of Complex Magazine called West the twenty-first century's "most important artist of any art form, of any genre." The Atlantic writer David Samuels commented, "Kanye's power resides in his wild creativity and expressiveness, his mastery of form, and his deep and uncompromising attachment to a self-made aesthetic that he expresses through means that are entirely of the moment: rap music, digital downloads, fashion, Twitter, blogs, live streaming video." Joe Muggs of The Guardian argued that "there is nobody else who can sell as many records as West does [...] while remaining so resolutely experimental and capable of stirring things up culturally and politically."

Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip-hop's mainstream, "establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap" while deeming him "a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture, and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up." Writing for Highsnobiety, Shahzaib Hussain stated that West's first three albums "cemented his role as a progressive rap progenitor". AllMusic editor Jason Birchmeier described West as "[shattering] certain stereotypes about rappers, becoming a superstar on his own terms without adapting his appearance, his rhetoric, or his music to fit any one musical mold". Lawrence Burney of Noisey has credited West with the commercial decline of the gangsta rap genre that once dominated mainstream hip-hop. The release of his third studio album has been described as a turning point in the music industry, and is considered to have helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold to find wider mainstream acceptance.

Hip-hop artists like Drake, Nicki Minaj, Travis Scott, Lil Uzi Vert, and Chance the Rapper have acknowledged being influenced by West. Several other artists and music groups of various genres have named West as an influence on their work.

Awards and achievements

West is the fourth-highest certified artist in the US by digital singles (69 million). He had the most RIAA digital song certifications by a male artist in the 2000s (19), and was the fourth best-selling digital songs artist of the 2000s in the US. In Spotify's first ten years from 2008 to 2018, West was the sixth most streamed artist, and the fourth fastest artist to reach one billion streams. West has the joint-most consecutive studio album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 (9). He ranked third on Billboards 2000s decade-end list of top producers and has topped the annual Pazz & Jop critics' poll the joint-most times (four albums) with Bob Dylan.

West has been nominated for 75 Grammys, out of which he has won 24. He has been the most nominated act at five ceremonies, and has received the fourth-most wins overall in the 2000s. In 2008, West became the first solo artist to have his first three albums receive nominations for Album of the Year. West has won a Webby Award for Artist of the Year, an Accessories Council Excellence Award for being a stylemaker, International Man of the Year at the GQ Awards, a Clio Award for The Life of Pablo Album Experience, and an honour by The Recording Academy. West is one of eight acts to have won the Billboard Artist Achievement Award. In 2015, he became the third rap act to win the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award.

West's first six solo studio albums were included on Rolling Stones 2020 list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Entertainment Weekly named The College Dropout the best album of the 2000s, Complex named Graduation the best album released between 2002 and 2012, 808s & Heartbreak was named by Rolling Stone as one of the 40 most groundbreaking albums of all time, The A.V. Club named My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy the best album of the 2010s, Yeezus was the most critically acclaimed album of 2013 according to Metacritic, and The Life of Pablo was the first album to top the Billboard 200, go platinum in the US, and go gold in the UK, via streaming alone.

Discography

Studio albums
 The College Dropout (2004)
 Late Registration (2005)
 Graduation (2007)
 808s & Heartbreak (2008)
 My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (2010)
 Yeezus (2013)
 The Life of Pablo (2016)
 Ye (2018)
 Jesus Is King (2019)
 Donda (2021)

Collaborative albums
 Watch the Throne (2011) (with Jay-Z)
 Kids See Ghosts (2018) (with Kid Cudi, as Kids See Ghosts)

Compilation albums
 Cruel Summer (2012) (with GOOD Music)

Demo albums
 Donda 2 (2022)

Videography

 The College Dropout Video Anthology (2004)
 Late Orchestration (2006)
 VH1 Storytellers (2010)
 Runaway (2010)
 Jesus Is King (2019)
 Jeen-Yuhs (2022)

Tours

Headlining tours
 School Spirit Tour (2004)
 Touch the Sky Tour (2005–2006)
 Glow in the Dark Tour (2008)
 Watch the Throne Tour (with Jay-Z) (2011–2012)
 The Yeezus Tour (2013–2014)
 Saint Pablo Tour (2016)

Supporting tours
 Truth Tour (with Usher) (2004)
 Vertigo Tour (with U2) (2005–2006)
 A Bigger Bang (with The Rolling Stones) (2006)

Books
 Raising Kanye: Life Lessons from the Mother of a Hip-Hop Superstar (2007)
 Thank You and You're Welcome (2009)
 Through the Wire: Lyrics & Illuminations (2009)
 Glow in the Dark (2009)

See also
 Album era
 Black conservatism in the United States
 List of people with bipolar disorder
 List of Christian hip hop artists

Notes

References

Further reading
 Kanye in Oxford: The #YeezOx highlights. Retrieved April 27, 2015.

External links

1977 births
Living people
20th-century African-American male singers
20th-century American rappers
21st-century African-American male singers
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American rappers
21st-century African-American businesspeople
African-American candidates for President of the United States
African-American Christians
African-American fashion designers
African-American film directors
African-American investors
African American–Jewish relations
African-American male rappers
American male rappers
African-American male singer-songwriters
African-American record producers
American male pop singers
American conspiracy theorists
American fashion businesspeople
American food industry business executives
American hip hop record producers
American hip hop singers
American Holocaust deniers
American investors
American music industry executives
American music publishers (people)
American music video directors
American performers of Christian hip hop music
American restaurateurs
Pop rappers
Black conservatism in the United States
Brit Award winners
Businesspeople from Atlanta
Businesspeople from Chicago
Candidates in the 2020 United States presidential election
Candidates in the 2024 United States presidential election
Chicago State University alumni
Child Rebel Soldier members
Christian conspiracy theorists
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Converts to Christianity
Critics of Black Lives Matter
Def Jam Recordings artists
Film directors from Illinois
Former billionaires
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Grammy Award winners for rap music
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Kim Kardashian
Midwest hip hop musicians
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NME Awards winners
Obscenity controversies in music
Participants in American reality television series
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Rappers from Atlanta
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Singers from Chicago
Singer-songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)
Singer-songwriters from Illinois
Shoe designers
Twitter controversies
World Music Awards winners
Wyoming Independents

Kanye West


Carlos Domingos Massoni, también conocido como Mosquito, (nacido el 4 de enero de 1939 en São Paulo, Brasil) fue un jugador brasileño de baloncesto. Consiguió 12 medallas en competiciones internacionales con Brasil.

Enlaces externos
 Ficha en sportsreference

Baloncestistas de Brasil
Baloncestistas de la selección de Brasil
Baloncestistas campeones del mundo
Baloncestistas del Palmeiras
Nacidos en São Paulo

Carlos Domingos Massoni


Soraya Milla est une femme de spectacle, réalisatrice et productrice française d'origine camerouno-béninoise..

Biographie
Soraya Milla est diplômée en Arts du Spectacle à l'université Paris X en France, en réalisation à l'Institut des Arts de Diffusion en Belgique et en production audiovisuelle à l'Institut National de l'Audiovisuel  à Paris. Ses créations abordent avec humour et fraîcheur la thématique de la double culture afro-française. Sa web série Afropolitaine (2020), co-écrite avec sa mère Aline Angelo Milla, est l'incarnation de cette « Afro French Touch » qu'elle souhaite développer. La Saison 2 produite par TV5 Monde a remporté le prix de la meilleure série format court au Festival TV de Luchon (2023) ainsi que le prix du meilleur espoir féminin pour les comédiennes Manda Touré et Tracy Gotoas.

En 2015, elle réalise Exotique un court-métrage produit par Respiro productions, la région Île de France, l'Acsé et distribué par Manifest Pictures . Diffusé sur les vols de la compagnie aérienne Air france, le film est plus tard présent sur les plateformes de téléchargements légaux et sur la chaîne Ciné +.  En 2018, elle réalise Vitiligo,  un film  expérimental produit par Respiro productions et distribué par Manifest Pictures récompensé dans de nombreux festivals internationaux.

Parcours académique
2013- 2015 : Institut National de l'Audiovisuel (INA), Paris - Master en production audiovisuelle

2010-2013 : Institut des Arts de Diffusion (IAD), Belgique - Diplôme en réalisation cinéma et télévision

2009-2010 : Université Paris X, Nanterre - Licence en arts du spectacle

Filmographie

Web série

 2020: Afropolitaine Saison 1
 2023: Afropolitaine Saison 2  (TV5 Monde)

Films

Scénario et réalisation

 2018: Vitiligo
 2015: Exotique

Distinctions

 2023: Meilleure série format court Festival TV Luchon et meilleur espoir féminin pour Manda Touré et Tracy Gotoas ( Afropolitaine)
 2022: Prix du meilleur film expérimental Quibdo Film Festival (Vitiligo)
 2022: Mention spéciale du Jury Festival Porto Femme (Vitiligo)
 2021: Prix de la meilleure réalisation au Festival du Film Arabe de Bruxelles (Vitiligo)
 2020: Mention Spéciale du Jury à Integrazione International Film Festival en Italie ( Vitiligo)

Références

Réalisatrice camerounaise

Soraya Milla


was a town located in Kita District, Ehime Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,114 and a density of 49.05 persons per km2. The total area was 63.30 km2.

On January 11, 2005, Hijikawa, along with the town of Nagahama, and the village of Kawabe (all from Kita District), was merged into the expanded city of Ōzu and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

External links
Official website of Ōzu in Japanese

Dissolved municipalities of Ehime Prefecture

Hijikawa, Ehime


Ludgershall Castle er en ruin af en middelalderlig fæstning fra 1100-tallet, der ligger ved Ludgershall i Wiltshire, England. Tre store vægge fra borgen, som blev bygget om til jagtslot af Henrik 3., men gik i forfald i 1400-tallet. Ruinen blev gjort til Scheduled Ancient Monument i 1981.

Se også
 Liste over borge og slotte i England

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 History of Ludgershall castle and cross: English Heritage

Slotte i Wiltshire
Borgruiner i Storbritannien

Ludgershall Castle


Concerto in F is a composition by George Gershwin for solo piano and orchestra which is closer in form to a traditional concerto than his earlier jazz-influenced Rhapsody in Blue. It was written in 1925 on a commission from the conductor and director Walter Damrosch. It is just over half an hour long.

Genesis of the Concerto
Damrosch had been present at the February 12, 1924 concert arranged and conducted by Paul Whiteman at Aeolian Hall in New York City titled An Experiment in Modern Music which became famous for the premiere of Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue, in which the composer performed the piano solo. The day after the concert, Damrosch contacted Gershwin to commission from him a full-scale piano concerto for the New York Symphony Orchestra, closer in form to a classical concerto and orchestrated by the composer.

Because of contractual obligations for three different Broadway musicals, he was not able to begin sketching ideas until May 1925. He began the two-piano score on July 22, after returning from a trip to London, and the original drafts were entitled "New York Concerto". The first movement was written in July, the second in August, and the third in September, much of the work being done in a practice shack at the Chautauqua Institution. This had been arranged through the Australian composer and teacher Ernest Hutcheson, who offered seclusion for Gershwin at Chautauqua, where his quarters were declared off limits to everyone until 4 p.m. daily.  Thanks to this, Gershwin was able to complete the full orchestration of the concerto on November 10, 1925.  Later that month, Gershwin hired a 55-piece orchestra, at his own expense, to run through his first draft at the Globe Theatre. Damrosch attended and gave advice to Gershwin, who made a few cuts and revisions.

According to a newspaper reporter in attendance, the pipe "wandered in and out of his mouth all through the rehearsal. In particular, he used it to point accusingly at members of the orchestra who were not solving their jazz problems successfully."

The Concerto in F shows considerable development in Gershwin's compositional technique, particularly because he orchestrated the entire work himself, unlike the Rhapsody in Blue which was scored by Ferde Grofé, Paul Whiteman's section pianist and principal orchestrator. The English composer and orchestrator William Walton commented that he adored Gershwin's orchestration of the concerto. The work calls for 2 flutes plus piccolo, 2 oboes and English Horn, 2 B flat clarinets plus B flat bass clarinet (this trio being featured as the backing to the solo trumpet in the middle movement), 2 bassoons, 4 Horns in F, 3 B-flat trumpets, 3 trombones and a tuba, 3 timpani - 32", 29" and 26" (one player), 3 percussionists (first player: bass drum, bells, xylophone and triangle; second player: snare drum periodically muffled and with regular and brush sticks, wood block, whip; third player: crash cymbals, suspended cymbal with sticks, triangle and gong), solo piano and strings.

Form
The concerto is in the traditional three movements:

 Allegro (F major)
 Adagio - Andante con moto (D-flat major)
 Allegro agitato (G minor → F minor → F major)

There are strong thematic links among the three movements, all of which are heavily influenced by jazz.  However, there exists, in each movement, a very subtle structural integrity that, while perhaps not immediately apparent to the listener, is rooted in the classical tradition.

The first movement begins with blasts from the timpani, introducing elements of the main thematic material.  After an extended orchestral introduction, the piano enters with a solo section, introducing another melody found throughout the movement.  From here, the music alternates with contrasting sections of grandiosity and delicacy.  The climax is reached at the Grandioso, in which the orchestra resounds the piano's original melody, accompanied by a large triplet figure in the soloist.  There is a cadenza of quick triplet ostinatos which leads to the final section: speeding octaves and chords, culminating in a large run of the triplet ostinato up the keyboard along an F Major 6 chord, bringing the movement to a close.

The second movement is reminiscent of the blues - beginning with an elegant melody in a solo trumpet accompanied by a trio of clarinets. A faster section featuring the piano follows, building gradually until near the end, at which point the piece deceptively pulls back to the original melody, now given to the flute. The movement ends in a peaceful, introspective cadence.

The final movement is pulsating and energetic with several references to ragtime, featuring both new material and melodies from the previous movements. A false climax is found in a Grandioso section identical to that of the first movement, which in turn evolves into another build to the true pinnacle of the concerto, again dominated by the F Major 6 chord, bringing the piece to a close.

In his own words Gershwin wrote a description of the concerto:

Allegro
The first movement weaves together three rhythms and themes: Charleston, pentatonic runs and sultry. The timpani begins the movement with wham-bok beats, then the orchestra introduces a pentatonic melody accompanied by the Charleston in the horns and percussion. Thirty seconds in, the timpani and orchestra alternate wham-bok beats with the pentatonic melody. After the strings lull, the piano introduces the main sultry theme used throughout the piece. It is repeated again with an orchestral counter-melody played by the cellos and strings at the same time, followed by pentatonic runs in the piano and continuing accompaniment in the orchestra. It climaxes to a chromatic scale run in the piano and resolves with Spanish-sounding syncopation in the orchestra. Piano Charleston syncopation reintroduces the sultry theme heard at the beginning of the piece. This time the piano plays the counter-melody while the orchestra plays the sultry theme. A "micro-cadenza" of arpeggios in the piano bridges the sultry in the orchestra with another variation of Charleston accompaniment and pentatonic melody. Gershwin plays with this variant of the sultry in E major as he leads the listener to a climax of the piece.
After the climax, Gershwin combines Charleston, pentatonic melody and fast-paced triplets to modulate from one key to another before reintroducing another sultry variation in D-Flat major. Charleston rhythms transition from the sultry to the "Grandioso" climax followed by triplet ostinatos, fast-paced chords, more ostinatos and a C dominant 7 scale. A coda ends the last two minutes with Charleston and sultry in the orchestra and pentatonic lines in the piano before finally ending the movement with an F Major 6 chord.

Adagio-Andante con moto
In the second movement, Gershwin uses two blues themes, similar to the theme from the first movement and foreshadows the theme of the third movement in a faster theme played between the two blues melodies. A blues chord progression opens the movement, and a solo trumpet plays the first blues theme. The theme is introduced by alternating major seconds in the French horns, then a trumpet solo. By the first minute, the trumpet solo sounds very similar to the sultry theme heard in the first movement. Gershwin continues with improvised and variant themes of the blues melody. The trumpet then repeats the theme played at the beginning. When the trumpet solo ends, the piano enters with a pentatonic variant of the first theme before transitioning into a faster, upbeat second theme. This theme foreshadows the melody of the third movement- through repeated notes. This theme is also a variant of the one heard in the first movement. A violin solo bridges this theme and reintroduces the first theme played at the beginning. The piano then takes over with another variation in a cadenza of both the theme and accompanying arpeggios. After the cadenza, Gershwin passes the original theme to the orchestra, then back to the piano and a flute.  He then builds to the climax of the piece, alternating between the piano and the orchestra. The movement ends with the piano playing the theme from the beginning, soft flute and string accompaniment, and a D-Flat Major cadence.

Allegro agitato
The third movement is a fast-paced rondo and reintroduces the theme heard in the first movement, at a more vigorous tempo. The orchestra begins by playing the main theme of the movement in g minor and then the piano repeats the theme in f minor. As the piano continues to play the fast-paced notes, the orchestra plays a counter-melody. A glissando from the piano reintroduces the theme from the first movement played in the orchestra before transitioning back to the main theme. The orchestra then plays a second theme with soft piano accompaniment. Variants of the main and secondary themes return. After a modulation into B-Flat major, the orchestra plays the second blues theme heard in the second movement and the piano responds with the secondary theme. The rat-a-tat rhythm returns, bridging the blues theme and the repeated note melody from the second movement, played by the orchestra. The movement's secondary theme returns in the piano before playing a chord progression heard in the first movement. A series of fast-paced octave scales crescendo into the same "grandioso" heard in the first movement. The rat-a-tat theme returns for the final time in the movement; pentatonic chord progressions and a final F Major 6 tremolo and F major chord finish the piece.

Release and reception
The work was premiered by the New York Symphony Orchestra with Damrosch conducting (three years later the orchestra would merge with the Philharmonic Symphony Society into the New York Philharmonic Orchestra) at Carnegie Hall in New York on December 3, 1925, and featured the composer as the soloist. The same forces presented several performances very soon after—two more in New York, and one each in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, preceding another at the Brooklyn Academy of Music on 16 January 1926. The concert was sold out and the concerto was very well received by the general public. However, the reviews were mixed, with many critics unable to classify it as jazz or classical. Indeed, there was a great variety of opinion among Gershwin's contemporaries. Sergei Prokofiev found it "amateurish".
Arnold Schoenberg, one of the most influential composers at the time, praised Gershwin's concerto in a posthumous tribute in 1938:

Damrosch himself provided a note praising Gershwin's work:

Performance in film
A performance of the 3rd movement of the concerto is featured during a humorous fantasy sequence in the film An American in Paris (1951). In one of the film's many musical numbers, Oscar Levant's character Adam Cook, a struggling pianist, daydreams that he is performing the concerto for a gala audience in a concert hall. As the scene progresses, Adam fantasizes that he is also every other member of the orchestra, as well as the conductor, and even envisions that he is applauding himself from the audience at the concerto's conclusion.

There is also a performance of an excerpt in the Gershwin biopic Rhapsody in Blue (1945) where it is partially played onscreen by Robert Alda (dubbed by Oscar Levant), and then at the film's conclusion by Levant himself. It is heard at especially poignant moments, once when Gershwin stumbles over the notes because of the effects of his fatal brain tumor, and once more in the scene in which Gershwin's death is announced.

Levant's performance of the concerto in An American in Paris is noteworthy because Levant was himself an accomplished concert pianist and composer who had befriended Gershwin in 1928.
A 2003 filming on DVD features the Marcus Roberts Trio with Seiji Ozawa conducting the Berliner Philharmoniker at Waldbuhne, Berlin.

Notable recordings
The first recording was made in 1928 by Paul Whiteman and his Concert Orchestra, with Roy Bargy at the piano, in an abridged arrangement for jazz band by Ferde Grofé, for Columbia Records. Others include:
Oscar Levant and Andre Kostelanetz with the Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra of New York (May 4, 1942)
Oscar Levant and Arturo Toscanini with the NBC Symphony Orchestra (from the 1944  NBC radio broadcast)
Leonard Pennario and William Steinberg with the Pittsburgh Symphony from 1953 on Capitol. (During his life, Pennario was considered THE "go-to" interpreter of Gershwin's music. He recorded everything that Gershwin wrote for piano.)
Stanislav Knor and Václav Neumann with the Prague Symphony Orchestra (June 1961)
Alec Templeton and Thor Johnson with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra
Earl Wild and Arthur Fiedler with the Boston Pops Orchestra
Eugene List and Howard Hanson with the Eastman-Rochester Orchestra
Lazar Berman and Gennady Rozhdestvensky with Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra
André Previn and Andre Kostelanetz and his orchestra (Previn has made two further recordings, both conducting from the keyboard, with the London Symphony Orchestra and with the Pittsburgh Symphony)
Garrick Ohlsson and Michael Tilson Thomas with the San Francisco Symphony
Philippe Entremont and Eugene Ormandy with the Philadelphia Orchestra
Hélène Grimaud and David Zinman with the Baltimore Symphony
Werner Haas and Edo de Waart with Orchestre National de l'Opéra de Monte-Carlo
Jerome Lowenthal and Maurice Abravanel with the Utah Symphony
Bonnie Gritton and Susan Duehlmeire (two-piano version)
Jon Nakamatsu and Jeff Tyzik with the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra.
Katia and Marielle Labèque (two-piano version)
Cristina Ortiz and André Previn with the London Symphony Orchestra
Jean-Yves Thibaudet and Marin Alsop with the Baltimore Symphony (jazz band version orchestrated by Ferde Grofé)
Peter Jablonski and Vladimir Ashkenazy with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Decca - 1991
Sviatoslav Richter and Christoph Eschenbach with the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra (live from the 1993 Schwetzingen Festival)
Marc-André Hamelin and Leonard Slatkin with Netherlands Radio Philharmonic Orchestra (live from Concertgebouw, Amsterdam, 2005)
Stefano Bollani and Riccardo Chailly with Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra (live from Gewandhaus, Leipzig, 2010)
 Jeffery Siegel and Leonard Slatkin with the St. Louis Symphony (The Complete Gershwin: Works for Orchestra, Piano and Orchestra)
 Kathryn Selby and Richard Hayman with Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra

Radio broadcast
Although Gershwin never recorded the concerto, he was invited by Rudy Vallee to play the third movement from the concerto on an NBC radio broadcast in 1931, which was preserved on transcription discs and later issued on both LPs and compact discs.  Vallee used a special arrangement prepared for his studio orchestra.  Gershwin also played a few of his popular songs on the broadcast.

Popular culture
Figure skater Yuna Kim of South Korea skated to a four-minute edited version of this piece at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, as well as 2009 Trophée Éric Bompard, 2009 Skate America, and 2009–10 Grand Prix Final, winning the gold medal for ladies' figure skating and breaking the world record score for the women's long program. When she competed in the 2010 World Championships, she won the silver medal totaling 190.79 points.

References

Citations

Sources
Kennedy Center/National Symphony Program Notes by Thomas May
San Francisco Symphony - Program Notes
Interview with conductor Riccardo Chailly and pianist Stefano Bollani by Gian Mario Benzing

External links
 Piano Concerto in F major (1925), analysis of the concerto by Steven Schwartz on Classical Net

1925 compositions
Compositions by George Gershwin
Compositions in F major
Music commissioned by the New York Philharmonic
Gershwin

Concerto in F (Gershwin)


Bekdorf Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Steinburg iline bağlı yerleşim yeri. 1,7 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 31 Mart 2010 itibarıyla 102 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Matthias Kelting tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amtitzehoe-land.de

Steinburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Bekdorf


Randall Harold Cunningham (8 Aralık 1941, Los Angeles Kaliforniya), lakabı Randy veya Duke Cunnigham olan, 1991'den Kasım 2005'e kadar ABD Kongresinde Kaliforniya milletvekilliği yapmış siyasetçi.

Amerikan delegesi Randy Cunningham Cumhuriyetçi Parti üyesidir.  28 Şubat 2005'te San Diego'da vergi kaçakçılığı yaptığını itiraf eti ve ardından istifa eti. Cunningham Pentagon ile askeri mal satan şirketler ve arkadaşları arasında rüşvet verilmesi olayına karıştı. 2,4 milyon Dollar rüşvet aldığını itraf eti. 3 Mart 2006 rüşvet suçundan 8 yıl ve 4 ay hapis ile 1.8 milyon Dollar cezasına mahkûm oldu. Savcı on yıl ceza istemişti. Bu mahkeme kararı ABD tarihinde bir kongre milletvekiline verilen en yüksek cezalarından biridir.

Dış bağlantılar
 http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/politics/cunningham/index.html

1924 doğumlular
Los Angeles doğumlular
20. yüzyıl Amerikalı siyasetçileri
21. yüzyıl Amerikalı siyasetçileri
Kaliforniya'nın ABD Temsilciler Meclisi üyeleri
Yaşayan insanlar
Kaliforniya doğumlu siyasetçiler
Amerikalı siyasetçiler

Randy Cunningham


George Maior este numele purtat de mai mulți oameni:
George Maior (n. 1967), om politic și diplomat, fost senator
George Maior (1862-sec. XX), preot român, delegat la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
George Maior (1855-1927), agronom român

George Maior (dezambiguizare)


Lordosa Portekiz'de Viseu belediyesine bağlı olan, 23,26 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 1.884 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Viseu

Lordosa


Mohamed Chebaa (né le 7 mai 1935 à Tanger - décédé le 24 juillet 2013 à Casablanca) était un artiste plasticien et peintre marocain, considéré comme l'un des pionniers de l'art moderne au Maroc

Biographie
Mohamed Chebaa consacre sa vie à l'art plastique depuis ses débuts comme élève à l'Ecole Supérieure des Beaux-Arts de Tétouan. Il continue son parcours en faisant des études d'art à Rome à l'Académie des Beaux-Arts à la suite de l'obtention d'une bourse de mérite. À la fin des années 1950, il revient au Maroc avec un projet artistique. Il rejoint l'Union des écrivains marocains en 1968. Entre 1994 et 1998, il occupe le poste de directeur de l'institut national des beaux-arts de Tétouan.

Le 24 juillet 2013, Mohamed Chebaa décède à Casablanca. Entre le 8 février et le 24 mars 2018, une exposition rétrospective en célébration du défunt artiste a été organisée dans l'espace d'expressions de la Fondation pour le Dépôt et la Gestion à Rabat

Caractéristiques de son œuvre et de sa réalisation artistique
L'un des pionniers de l'art moderne au Maroc, outre Melehi et Farid Belkahia, le Groupe Casablanca a formé une révolution artistique depuis les années 1960, à partir de l'École des Beaux-Arts de Casablanca, dirigée par Belkahia. La chose la plus importante qui a affecté Chabaa, ainsi que son collègue, Muhammad Al-Melehi, et certains éléments du groupe de Casablanca, est la direction de Le Bauhaus, il a fondé la Coalition artistique à la demande d'Abdellatif Laâbi, qui a joué un rôle caché dans la diffusion de l'art dans la rue, en assurant la réalisation de la première exposition dans l'espace public en 1968, d'abord sur la place Jamaâ El Fna à Marrakech, et deuxièmement sur la place du 11 novembre à Casablanca. Il est le premier à appeler à l'intégration de l'art dans l'espace urbain pour toucher le plus grand nombre d'adeptes et de personnes intéressées.

Sa réalisation artistique est multiple et multiforme. Chebaa n'avait pas seulement un style pictural, mais plusieurs styles ont toujours distingué ses œuvres par alternance, gestuelle, géométrique ou musicale. Sa capacité créative découle de sa culture multiple. Au début de ses œuvres, Wassily Kandinsky a été influencé par la possibilité de travailler sur l'art abstrait.

Le critique Abdul Rahman bin Al-Hamar a dit de lui : «Action Painting, Painting Field Color et Mural Art l'ont aidé à mettre de côté la représentation et le symbolisme, sautant ensuite la décoration et l'illustration, et nécessairement libéré de l'histoire et des pièges de la Ses fonctions sont "la lumière, la couleur, la distance, le corps, la forme, l'os, la dispersion, la connexion, le nombre, le mouvement, l'immobilité, la rugosité, la douceur, le translucide, la densité, l'ombre, l'obscurité, la beauté, la laideur, la similitude et la différence".

Depuis 1965, ses peintures sont passées de clins d'œil à des abstractions figuratives. L'artiste, Chebaa, n'était pas satisfait de ses débats artistiques avec d'autres artistes sur les pages du magazine Anfas, fondé par Abdul Latif Al-Laabi en 1965 et de sa fondation du Groupe 65 avec Al-Melehi. Melehi, Belkahia et d'autres artistes marocains, mais a établi une conscience artistique marocaine révolutionnaire dans l'art, dont le résultat a été qu'il a été emprisonné pendant les années de plomb au Maroc, accompagné d'artistes et d'écrivains, dont Abdelkader Chaoui, Abdel Latif El Laabi et d'autres, considérant l'artiste Mohamed Shabaa parmi le mouvement de gauche marocain, L'instigateur du changement des constantes politiques, sociales et économiques du Royaume du Maroc». Chebaa avait un discours critique différent, digne d'être le théoricien du groupe.

Depuis les années 1980, qui est l'étape dans laquelle la recherche a commencé dans d'autres contenus artistiques, où il a libéré la peinture artistique des familles des traditions et de l'industrie traditionnelle.

L'abstraction a dominé ses peintures car elle a constitué une évolution remarquable dans sa vie professionnelle avec quelques étapes majeures, qui ont conduit à des transformations et à une nouvelle ère dans sa vie créative.

Livres
 En 2001, l'Union des écrivains Marocains a publié un livre sur l'art, "Visual Awareness of Morocco", qui est une monographie.

Expositions

Individuelles

Collectives

Décoration
« Feu Mohammed Chabâa était l'exemple même du plasticien, pédagogue, militant et théoricien, des qualités qui lui valent d'être décoré en 2008 du Wissam de l'Ordre Officier par Sa Majesté le Roi Mohammed VI », écrit Dina Naciri, directrice de la fondation « Toute sa vie durant, depuis l'obtention de son diplôme à l'Ecole des Beaux-arts de Tétouan , en 1955 jusqu'à son décès en 2003 , il a œuvré pour l'évolution et le développement du champ pictural marocain en ayant pour credo que l'art et la culture doivent être le moteur du progrès de la société »,  continue Dina Naciri

Références

Bibliographie
 Catalogue Mohamed Chabâa, Galerie Venise Cadre Casablanca 2007
 Catalogue Chabaâ peintre–Chabaâ sculpteur Galerie Delacroix Tanger 2005

Peintre marocain

Mohamed Chebaa