Jozef Gabčík () a fost un militar slovac din Armata Cehoslovacă, implicat în Operațiunea Anthropoid (asasinarea Reichsprotektor (protectorul Reichului german) al Boemiei și Moraviei, Obergruppenführer-ul SS Reinhard Heydrich).

Biografie
Gabčík s-a născut în 1912 în Poluvsie, parte a orașului Rajecké Teplice, districtul Žilina, Slovacia (fostul teritoriu slovac al Austro-Ungariei). El a învățat meseriile de potcovar și fierar cu meșterul fierar J. Kunike din satul Kostelec Nad Vltavou (Boemia). A locuit cu familia Kunike în casa lor, care există încă și astăzi împreună cu dependințele și curtea lor care a fost folosită ca fierărie. Casa este situată la aproximativ 50 de metri mai la vale pe un deal mic, care duce din centrul satului, unde se află biserica. În 1927, potrivit evidențelor școlare, el a învățat la Școala de Studii Comerciale din Kovarov, în apropiere de Kostelec Nad Vltavou. Clădirea care a găzduit școala este astăzi Biroul Municipal. În anul 2010 a fost amplasată o placă de marmură pe zidul clădirii, amintind de faptul că Gabčík a studiat acolo. Jozef a lucrat la un moment dat la o uzină chimică din Žilina până în 1939. El a fugit din Cehoslovacia în timpul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial în Marea Britanie, unde a fost antrenat ca parașutist. El a fost avansat la gradul de rotmistr (un grad similar cu cel de sergent în Armata Britanică). Cehoslovacii liberi, așa cum erau numiți el și ceilalți cehoslovaci auto-exilați, au locuit la Castelul Cholmondeley de lângă Malpas, în comitatul Cheshire.

Asasinatul de la Praga
Jozef Gabčík și Jan Kubiš au fost aduși în Cehoslovacia pe calea aerului, împreună cu șapte soldați din armata în exil a Cehoslovaciei din Marea Britanie și cu alte două grupuri numite Silver A și Silver B (care aveau diferite misiuni), de un avion Halifax al Royal Air Force, fiind parașutați la 28 decembrie 1941, ora 10 pm. În Praga, ei au contactat mai multe familii și organizații antinaziste care i-au ajutat în timpul pregătirilor pentru asasinat.

La 27 mai 1942, ora 10:30, Heydrich a plecat pe drumul său zilnic de la casa lui din Panenské Břežany la Castelul Praga. Gabčík și Kubiš așteptau în stația de tramvai din curba de lângă Spitalul Bulovka din districtul Praga 8-Libeň. Când automobilul decapotabil Mercedes-Benz al lui Heydrich s-a apropiat de cei doi, Gabčík s-a așezat în fața vehiculului, încercând să deschidă focul, dar pistolul Sten i s-a blocat. Heydrich i-a ordonat șoferului său, Oberscharführer-ul SS Klein, să oprească mașina. Când Heydrich s-a ridicat pentru a încerca să-l împuște pe Gabčík, Kubiš a aruncat o grenadă antitanc modificată înspre vehicul, iar fragmentele de șrapnel au distrus aripa dreapta spate a mașinii și au fost proiectate în tapițerie și în corpul lui Heydrich, chiar dacă grenada nu a căzut în mașină. Kubiš a fost, de asemenea, rănit de șrapnel. Heydrich, aparent fără să-și dea seama că a fost rănit de șrapnel, a ieșit din mașină și a încercat să-l urmărească pe Gabčík, dar în curând s-a prăbușit. Klein s-a întors din încercarea eșuată de a-l prinde pe Kubiš, iar Heydrich i-a ordonat să-l urmărească pe Gabčík. Klein a fost împușcat de două ori de către Gabčík (care și-a folosit revolverul), fiind rănit în urmărire. Asasinii au fost inițial convinși că atacul a eșuat. Heydrich a fost dus de urgență la Spitalul Bulovka, unde s-a descoperit că suferea de septicemie. Acolo Heydrich a intrat în stare de șoc, murind în dimineața zilei de 4 iunie 1942.

Urmări și încercarea de capturare a asasinilor
În urma asasinatului a fost declanșată o investigație riguroasă cunoscută sub numele de "Heydrichiada". Ancheta a stabilit că asasinatul a fost planificat și efectuat de Rezistența Cehă cu ajutorul britanicilor. Oprimarea și persecutarea cehilor a atins apogeul în urma eșecului soldaților naziști de a-i captura pe asasini în viață. Mai mult de 13.000 de oameni au fost în cele din urmă arestați și torturați, inclusiv prietena lui Jan Kubiš, Anna Malinová, care a murit în lagărul de concentrare Mauthausen-Gusen. Mătușa locotenentului Adolf Opálka, Marie Opálková, a fost executată la Mauthausen în 24 octombrie 1942. Tatăl său, Viktor Jarolím, a fost de asemenea ucis. Printre victimele nevinovate a fost și doctorul în drept Jan Fleischmann, care era originar din Kostelec nad Vltavou. Se cunoștea pe plan local că Josef l-a vizitat pe Jan Fleischmann, cu care a fost prieten la Kostelec Nad Vltavou, înainte de asasinarea lui Heydrich. După asasinat, Karel Čurda a informat Gestapo-ul de această vizită, iar naziștii l-au arestat pe Jan Fleischmann și l-au dus la Pankrác, unde a fost torturat și executat în cele din urmă.

Ofițerii naziști din Protectorat au realizat o căutare extinsă a celor doi bărbați. În cele din urmă, germanii i-au găsit, împreună cu alți parașutiști, ascunzându-se în Catedrala Sf. Chiril și Metodiu din Praga. Cu toate acestea, după șase ore de confruntări armate, în care au fost uciși cel puțin 14 militari germani, iar alți 21 au fost răniți, Gabčík și ceilalți, cu excepția lui Kubiš, care a fost grav rănit de o grenadă, s-au sinucis în catacombele bisericii, înainte ca naziștii să-i prindă vii. Kubiš a fost rănit în luptă și a murit la scurt timp după aducerea sa la spital.

Recunoaștere postumă
Satul Gabčíkovo din sudul Slovaciei este numit după Gabčík, iar unul dintre cele mai mari baraje de pe Dunăre din apropierea sa este numit după sat. Numele lui Jozef Gabčík a fost dat, de asemenea, unității militare 5. pluk špeciálneho určenia (Regimentul 5 de forțe speciale Jozef Gabčík), parte componentă a Forțelor Armate ale Republicii Slovace, cu sediul în Žilina.

Cu scopul de a-i comemora pe eroii Rezistenței Cehe și Slovace, Muzeul Național Slovac a deschis în mai 2007 o expoziție care prezintă una dintre cele mai importante acțiuni de rezistență de pe teritoriul european ocupat de naziști.

Gabčík a fost interpretat de Anthony Andrews în filmul Operațiunea Zori de Zi, de Cillian Murphy în Antropoid și de Jack Reynor în The Man With the Iron Heart.

Pe 26 mai 2017 a fost înaintat post-mortem de președintele Slovaciei, Andrej Kiska, la gradul de general-maior.

Note

Vezi și
 Jan Kubiš
 Adolf Opálka
 Rezistența cehă în al Doilea Război Mondial
 Karel Čurda
 Revolta Națională Slovacă

Nașteri în 1912
Decese în 1942
Rezistența cehă

Jozef Gabčík


Die Jüdische Gemeinde in Langenlonsheim (Landkreis Bad Kreuznach, Rheinland-Pfalz) war neben der evangelischen und katholischen Kirchengemeinde Langenlonsheim eine bedeutende jüdische Gemeinde.

Beschreibung
Bereits 1685 wurden Juden in Langenlonsheim nachgewiesen. 1769 wohnten 28 Juden in Langenlonsheim, bis 1842 wurden es 42. Im Jahre 1895 lebten über 70 jüdische Bürger in Langenlonsheim. Die jüdische Religionsgemeinschaft von Langenlonsheim, wurde 1895 mit der von Bretzenheim und Laubenheim zu einer Kultusgemeinschaft zusammengeschlossen. Die Synagoge der drei Gemeinden befand sich in Langenlonsheim in der Hintergasse 30. Prozessakten der Staatsanwaltschaft Bad Kreuznach belegen, dass im Mai 1933 die Villa des Weinhändlers Carl Mayer durchsucht und Erika Mayer, die Tochter, wegen "kommunistischer Umtriebe" ins Gefängnis nach Bad Kreuznach deportiert wurde. Im September 1933 brachen SA-Leute in die Villa von Ludwig Mayer ein und verprügelten ihn. 1935 wurde Ludwig Mayer erneut von Hitlerjungen attackiert und dabei mit einem Schlagring verletzt. Bis März 1938 mussten Carl Mayer, Ludwig Mayer und Carl Nachmann ihre Handelsgeschäfte abgeben. Am 19. Juli 1938 versammelte sich die Langenlonsheimer Synagogengemeinde zum letzten Mal, um einen neuen Vorstand zu wählen. Nach dem Novemberpogrom durften die verbliebenen fünf jüdischen Geschäfte nicht mehr betrieben werden.

Am 9/10. November 1938 wurden neben der Synagoge in der Hintergasse auch die Wohnungen der jüdischen Langenlonsheimer Familien Fritz Natt, Carl Mayer, Carl Nachmann und Moritz Weiß zerstört. In der Hauptsache waren dafür Langenlonsheimer Einwohner verantwortlich. Der schwer misshandelte Carl Mayer wurde nach Dachau deportiert. Der 76-jährige Carl Nachmann wehrte sich gegen das Rollkommando und wurde dabei lebensbedrohlich verletzt. Moritz Weiß und sein Sohn Hans wurden am 15. November inhaftiert und ins Gefängnis nach Bad Kreuznach deportiert. Die Schlägertrupps aus Bad Kreuznach, die am 10. November 1938 hinzukamen, wurden vom Ortsbürgermeister Ernst Ludwig Pies aus Langenlonsheim verwiesen.

Schicksale der Langenlonsheimer jüdischen Familien

Familie Fritz Natt (Hollergasse 28/Ecke Weidenstraße)
Fritz Natt hatte eine Weinhandlung in dem Haus Hollergasse 28/Ecke Weidenstraße in Langenlonsheim, das er mit seiner Frau Else, Sohn Hans und seinem Bruder Herbert bewohnte. Er wurde als Sohn des langjährigen Gemeinderatsmitgliedes Emil Natt geboren und führte gemeinsam mit seinem Bruder Herbert eine der größten Weinhandlungen der Region. Fritz lieferte Wein insbesondere in das Rhein-Main-Gebiet und war auch als Weinsachverständiger bei den Gerichtsbehörden in Koblenz tätig.

In der Pogromnacht 1938 brach ein Langenlonsheimer Rollkommando in die Villa des Weinhändlers ein. Sie hatten zuvor die Fenster des Kontors eingeschlagen und konnten dadurch in das Gebäude eindringen. Sie zerschlugen Möbel und Geschirr im ganzen Haus. Mitglieder der Familie Natt wurden misshandelt, Frau Else Natt wurde "an den Haaren aus dem Bett gezogen und die Treppe hinuntergestoßen". Diese Form der Misshandlungen veranlasste den Sanitätsrat Dr. Christ, der die Familie Natt ärztlich behandelte zu der Aussage: "Ich schäme mich zum ersten Mal, ein Deutscher zu sein". Fritz und Herbert Natt wurden zuerst in das Gefängnis nach Bad Kreuznach, später in das KZ Dachau deportiert. Nachdem Fritz und Herbert aus dem KZ Dachau freikamen, wanderte die Familie am 17. Juni 1939 nach Bolivien aus, wo sie in La Paz und dann in Cochabamba wohnten. Nachdem die Eltern verstorben waren, zog Hans Natt zuerst nach Israel und kehrte später nach Deutschland zurück.

Familie Carl Mayer (Bingerstraße 2)
Carl Mayer führte die Weinhandlung, Bingerstraße 2, in Langenlonsheim. Er bewohnte mit seiner Frau Jenny und seinem Sohn Kurt und Erica auch das Haus in der Bingerstraße 2. Der Sohn Kurt absolvierte eine Banklehre und emigrierte im Jahre 1929 in die USA. Die Tochter Erica besuchte das Lyzeum in Bad Kreuznach und arbeitete danach in der Firma ihres Vaters. Sie wanderte im Jahre 1937 nach Stockholm aus, wo sie sich mit einem Onkel des ehemaligen amerikanischen Außenministers Henry Kissinger verheiratete. Im Novemberpogrom 1938 brachen Rollkommandos in das Haus von Carl Meyer ein, zerschlugen Einrichtung und Möbel. Carl wurde dabei "schwer mißhandelt" und anschließend in das KZ Dachau verschleppt. Nachdem Carl wieder freigekommen war, wanderten Carl und Jenny Mayer in die USA aus.

Familie Rudolf Mayer (Bingerstraße 11)
Rudolf ("Rudel") Mayer hatte ein Geschäft mit Herren- und Damenkonfektion, Bettwaren und Manufakturwaren in der Bingerstraße 11, Langenlonsheim. Rudolf war kriegsversehrt aus dem Ersten Weltkrieg heimgekehrt und Ende der 1920er Jahre Vorsitzender des Langenlonsheimer Fußballvereins "Borussia" gewesen. Er bewohnte mit seiner Frau Ida und den beiden Söhnen Erich (* 1921) und Richard (* 1922) sowie seiner ledigen Schwester Emilie das Haus in der Binger Straße in Langenlonsheim, in dem er sein Textilgeschäft für Stoff- und Manufakturwaren führte.

Im Auftrag der jüdischen Gemeinde Langenlonsheim musste Rudolf Mayer am 24. April 1940 den zerstörten Sakralbau der Langenlonsheimer Synagoge für die Summe von 427,50 RM an einen Privatmann veräußern.

Am 10. April 1942 wurde die gesamte Familie Rudolf Mayer über das Sammellager "Concordia" von Bad Kreuznach in andere Konzentrationslager deportiert, wo sie alle verstarben.

Familie Carl Nachmann (Hauptstraße 35)
Carl Nachmann führte einen Wein- und Getreidehandel und bewohnte mit seiner Frau Ida, seinen Kindern Johanna, Sally und Jakob sowie seiner ledigen Schwester Mina das Haus in der Hauptstraße 35 in Langenlonsheim. Tochter Johanna heiratete und zog zu ihrem Mann nach Nieder-Saulheim, von wo aus sie in die USA emigrierten. Sally und Jakob gelang die Auswanderung vor 1938 in die USA. Während der Novemberpogrome brachen Langenlonsheimer Rollkommandos auch in das Haus Nachmann ein, der 76-jährige Carl Nachmann wehrte sich gegen die Gewalttäter und wurde dabei lebensbedrohlich verletzt. Seine Frau verstarb noch im Jahre 1938. Carl Nachmann wanderte daraufhin auch in die USA zu seinen Kindern aus. Mina Nachmann verstarb 1942 in einem israelitischen Altersheim in Mainz.

Familie Moritz Weiß (Hauptstraße 24)
Moritz ("Mohne") Weiß führte eine Metzgerei sowie einen Vieh- und Weinhandel in seinem Haus in der Hauptstraße 24 in Langenlonsheim. Er war mit Frieda verheiratet, hatte eine Tochter Ilse und einen Sohn Hans, im gleichen Haus wohnte auch seine Schwester Lina. Die Tochter Ilse heiratete vor 1937 ihren Mann Berthold in Rheinböllen, von wo aus sie beide noch in die USA auswanderten konnten.

Im Novemberpogrom 1938 in der Nacht vom 9. auf den 10. November brachen Rollkommandos in das Haus von Moritz Weiß ein, zerschlugen Einrichtung und Möbel. Moritz Weiß und sein Sohn Hans wurden am 15. November 1938 inhaftiert und ins Gefängnis nach Bad Kreuznach verschleppt. Moritz kam nach einigen Tagen frei, während sein Sohn Hans in das Konzentrationslager Dachau deportiert wurde. Erst am 18. Januar 1939 wurde er mit "dem Rat" entlassen, unverzüglich auszuwandern. Am 10. November mittags um 15 bis 17 Uhr drangen 10 bis 15 Männer in das Haus und zertrümmerten alle Möbel.

Hans Weiß wanderte über Sarreguemines (Frankreich) in die USA aus.

Beim Verkauf des Hauses wurden Moritz, Frieda und Lina Weiß das Wohnrecht bis zur Ausreise zugesichert. Sie durften in zwei Hinterstübchen im obersten Stockwerk wohnen und wurden von der befreundeten Frau Tullius mit Lebensmitteln versorgt. Lebensmittel durfte an sie nicht mehr verkauft werden ("Nur hintenrum"). Frieda verstarb 1941 in Langenlonsheim, Moritz und Lina zog in den Geburtsort seiner verstorbenen Frau, zu Herbert, einem Verwandten mütterlicherseits nach Heldenbergen. Von dort aus wurden sie in ein KZ deportiert, wo sie umkamen.

Familie Ludwig Mayer (Hauptstraße 52)
Ludwig Mayer war Wein- und Viehhändler und wohnte zusammen mit seiner Frau Johanna und seinen Kindern Paul und Lieselotte in seinem Wohnhaus Hauptstraße 52 in Langenlonsheim. Sein Sohn Paul zog bereits im Jahre 1929 nach Bingen, von wo aus er noch nach England auswandern konnte. Ludwig Mayer verzog mit seiner Frau und Tochter im Jahre 1939 nach Frankfurt am Main. Von dort wurden sie alle in ein Konzentrationslager deportiert, wo sie alle umkamen.

Familie August Weiss (Schulstraße 12)
August Weiss führte eine Viehhandlung in der Schulstraße 12 in Langenlonsheim, wo er mit seiner Frau Isabella und seinen drei Söhnen Sally, Kurt und Max wohnte. Sally Weiß verstarb im Konzentrationslager an "Herzschwäche" (Gerichtlich festgestellter Todestag: 31. Dezember 1939) Die anderen beiden Söhne Kurt und Max wurde am 10. November 1937 inhaftiert und in das KZ Dachau deportiert, wo sie bis zum 1. März 1939 inhaftiert blieben. Kurt Weiß heiratete 1941 in Kirn. Kurt und Max Weiss wurden später wieder in Konzentrationslager deportiert, wo sie beide umkamen.

Die Eheleute August und Isabella Weiß wurde als letzte der jüdischen Gemeinde Langenlonsheim am 25. Juli 1942 in das Konzentrationslager Theresienstadt deportiert, wo sie beide umkamen.

Familie Siegmund Heymann (Hauptstraße 39)
Siegmund Heymann führte einen Landesproduktenhandel in der Hauptstraße 39 in Langenlonsheim. Das Haus bewohnte er mit seiner Frau Mathilde, Sohn Walter, Stiefmutter Karoline Heymann und die Geschwister seiner Ehefrau: die Geschwister Selma Weil (1896) und Wilhelm Weil (1882). Walter Heymann wanderte noch 1935 nach São Paulo in Brasilien aus. Es gelang ihm jedoch noch, 100 britische Pfund mitzunehmen, womit er in São Paulo eine Firma für Berufskleidung aufbauen konnte. Siegmund Heymann wurde am Tag vor dem Novemberpogrom in "Schutzhaft" genommen. Am 31. Dezember 1939 konnte er mit seiner Ehefrau Mathilde und seiner Stiefmutter Karoline Heymann nach São Paulo auswandern. Die Geschwister Wilhelm und Selma Weil kamen vermutlich in einem Konzentrationslager um bzw. wurden ermordet.

Familie Gustav Kahn (Hollergasse 20)
Gustav Kahn (1885) war Klempner. Er bewohnte zusammen mit seiner Frau Henriette Johanna geb. Weiss (1889), seinem Sohn Siegfried (* 1925), seiner Schwägerin Klara Weiß und deren Tochter Jenny im Haus Hollergasse 20 in Langenlonsheim. Die Familie Kahn verzog bereits im Jahre 1937 nach Frankfurt am Main, wo Henriette Kahn vermutlich vor 1942 verstorben ist. Gustav Kahn wurde in das Konzentrationslager Majdanek deportiert, wo er umkam. Gustavs Schwägerin Klara Weiß beging am 30. September 1938 in Frankfurt am Main Selbstmord. Die Tochter Jenny Weiß überlebte als einzige in Deutschland.

Familie Witwe Sara Blank (Hauptstraße)
Blank war Religionslehrer und wohnte in der Kreuznacher Straße in Langenlonsheim. Die Witwe Sara Blank wohnte mit Tochter Anny Blank (1895) in der Hauptstraße, zwischen dem Haus Lorenz und der alten Apotheke. Anny war in der Bürgermeistereiverwaltung tätig. Sara und Anny sind 1934 nach Belgien ausgewandert, Anny wurde von dort aus in das Konzentrationslager Auschwitz deportiert, wo sie ermordet wurde.

Literatur
 Friedrich Schmitt u. a.: Ortsgeschichte Langenlonsheim, Wiesbaden 1991 (hrsg. von der Ortsgemeinde Langenlonsheim), S. 357–366.

Siehe auch
 Jüdischer Friedhof (Langenlonsheim)

Weblinks
 Langenlonsheim bei Alemannia Judaica

Einzelnachweise

Langenlonsheim
Gemeinde

Jüdische Gemeinde Langenlonsheim


Igor Cuciuc (n. 14 septembrie 1983) este un interpret și muzician de muzică populară din Republica Moldova.

Biografie
Cuciuc s-a născut în anul 1983 în satul Călinești, raionul Fălești, pe atunci RSS Moldovenească. Primele studii muzicale le-a făcut la Colegiul de muzică "Ștefan Neaga". Ulterior, a absolvit facultatea de canto popular a Academiei de Muzică, Teatru și Arte Plastice "G. Musicescu" din Chișinău.

În anul 2007 a obținut trofeul Festivalului-concurs "Nicolae Sulac". În anul 2009 a lansat albumul solo cu denumirea "Mi-ai dat o fetiță Doamne".

În anul 2011 a lansat videoclipul la piesa "Moldoveni veniți acasă".

În prezent este solist al orchestrei de muzică populară "Frații Advahov".

În decembrie 2020, Președintele Republicii Moldova Igor Dodon i-a conferit lui Igor Cuciuc Titlul onorific "Artist Emerit".

Discografie

Videoclipuri
99 de cumătri (2009)
Domn Vasile (2009)
Nea Costică (2010)
Viața de Haiduc (2011)
Moldoveni veniți acasă (2011)
Sărbătoarea-i Mare (2012)
Moldoveanul cât trăiește (2012)
Zeama de găină (2015)
Toba Moldoveanului

Referințe

Legături externe
Nici "99 de cumătri" nu l-au ajutat. Igor Cuciuc a fost la un pas să ia bătaie într-un local din capitală  publika.md
Igor Cuciuc și-a făcut o zi de naștere ca o nuntă! unica.md
Cât cer interpreții din Moldova pentru "o cântare" la nuntă  blog.marry.md

Discografie
Muzică populară cu Igor Cuciuc din Basarabia muzicapopulara.net

Nașteri în 1983
Interpreți români
Cântăreți moldoveni
Oameni din raionul Fălești

Igor Cuciuc


Gazeran ist eine französische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) im Département Yvelines in der Region Île-de-France. Sie gehört zum Arrondissement Rambouillet und zum Kanton Rambouillet.

Nachbargemeinden von Gazeran sind Saint-Hilarion und Hermeray im Westen, Émancé, Orcemont und Orphin im Süden, Rambouillet im Osten und Poigny-la-Forêt im Norden.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Verkehr
Gazeran liegt an der Bahnstrecke Paris–Brest und wird im Regionalverkehr mit TER-Zügen bedient.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
Siehe auch: Liste der Monuments historiques in Gazeran
 Burgruine Saint-Antoine (11. Jahrhundert)
 Kirche Saint-Germain d'Auxerre (Ursprünge aus dem 11. Jahrhundert)
 Schloss Guéville (19. Jahrhundert)

Literatur
 Le Patrimoine des Communes des Yvelines. Flohic Editions, Band 2, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84234-070-1, S. 722–725.

Weblinks

Ort in der Île-de-France
Ersterwähnung im 11. Jahrhundert

Gazeran


Óraníu-fljót (Úr afríkönsku/hollensku: Oranjerivier) er í Suður-Afríku. Það er lengsta áin í Suður-Afríku. Heildarlengd fljótsins 2.432 km.  Vatnasviðið nær frá Lesotho til Suður-Afríku og Namibíu í norðri. Upphafið er í Drakensbergfjöllum í Lesótó og þaðan rennur það vestur í gegnum Suður-Afríku til Atlantshafsins. Áin markar landamæri milli Suður-Afríku og Lesótó og á milli Suður'Afríku og Namibíu, en auk þess mörk nokkurra héraða innan Suður- Afríku. Fyrir utan Upington fer hún ekki í gegnum neinar borgir. Óraníu-fljótið nýtt til áveitna og í því eru vatnsaflsvirkjanir og gegnir mikilvægu hlutverki í efnahagslífi Suður-Afríku. Fljótið var nefnd Óraníu-fljót af hollenska landkönnuðinum Robert Jacob Gordon, til heiðurs hollensku Óraníu-fjölskyldunni. Önnur nöfn eru einfaldlega orð fyrir ána, skrifað Garib á Khoekhoegowab, sem var svo þýtt á afrikaans sem Gariep fljót. Einnig Groote River (derived from Kai !Garib) eða Senqu fljót (notað í Lesótó), sem er dregið af "Svartur". Það er þekkt á isiZulu sem isAngqu.

Leið
Upphaf Orange er í yfir 3000 m hæð í Drakensberg-fjöllum á landamærum Suður-Afríku og Lesótó, um 200 km vestur af Indlandshafi. Lokahluti fljótsins innan Lesótó heitir Senqu. Hluti Senquárinnar frýs á veturna vegna mikillar hæðar yfir sjávarmáli. Þetta veldur þurrkum neðar í fljótinu ána, sem hefur áhrif á geita- og nautgriparækt.

Óraníu-fljót rennur vestur í gegnum Suður-Afríku og myndar suðvesturmörk Free State héraðsins. Á þessum hluta rennur fljótið inn í Gariep stífluna og síðar inn í Vanderkloof stífluna. Frá landamærum Lesótó og að Vanderkloof stíflunni rennur fljótið um djúp gljúfur. Neðar er meira flatlendi og þar er fljótið mikið nýtt til áveitna.

Á vesturhluta Free State héraðsins, suðvestur af Kimberley rennur Vaal fljótið í Óraníu-fljót, en Vaal myndar stóran hluta norðurlandamæra héraðsins. Þaðan rennur fljótið lengra vestur í gegnum suðurhluta Kalahari eyðimerkurinnar og Namaqualand í Norður-Kapa héraðinu til Namibíu við 20° austlægrar lengdar. Þaðan rennur það vestur í 550 km og myndar landamæri Suður-Afríku og Namibíu. Á landamærunum fer áin fram hjá bænum Vioolsdrif, aðal landamæraeftirlitinu milli Suður-Afríku og Namibíu.

Á síðustu 800 km leiðar Óraníu-fljóts renna margar ár að fljótinu. Í þessu svæði er Namibíu eyðimörkin á norðurbakkanum, þannig að við venjulegar aðstæður kemur lítið vatn þaðan. Árfarvegurinn á svæðinu er mikið rofin og  gljúfur eru djúp. Augrabies-fossarnir eru lýsandi fyrir þetta en þar fellur fljótið niður um 122 m á 26 km.

Óraníu-ljót rennur í Atlantshafið á milli smábæanna Oranjemund (sem þýðir ,,appelsínugulur munnur") í Namibíu og Alexander Bay í Suður-Afríku.  Svipuð vegalengd er til milli Walvis Bay í Namibíu og Höfðaborgar. Um 33 km ofan við ósinn eru flúðir og sandflákar sem koma í veg fyrir að fljótið sé skipgengt langtímum saman.

Vatnasvið og rigning

Á þurrka tímabilinu minnkar vatn í fljótinu verulega vegna mikils rennslis og uppgufunar. Við upptök fljótsins er úrkoma um 2.000 mm á ári, en hún minnkar mikið  eftir því sem vestar dregur.  Við ósinn er úrkoma minna en 50 mm á ári. Uppgufunin eykst í vestur átt og stuðlar því einnig að minna vatni í fljótinu. Á rigningartímabilinu um sumarið verður fljótið brúnleitt af sandi og aur. Mikið set í fljótinu gerir nýtingu þess erfiða.

Stærð vatnasviðs Óraníu-fljóts og hliðarárinnar Vaal nær yfir 973.000 km² sem jafngildir um 77% af landsvæði Suður-Afríku. Um 366.000 km² , um 38%, eru hins vegar utan hennar í Lesótó, Botsvana og Namibíu.

Hliðarár

 Vaal  - 1.458 km
 Caledon - 642 km
 Khubelu-fljót - 144 km

Stíflur

 Armeníu stíflan
 Egmont stíflan
 Gariep stíflan
 Newberry stíflan
 Vanderkloof stíflan
 Welbedacht stífluna

Saga

Orðsifjafræði
Sumir af íbúum svæðisins fyrir nýlendutímann kölluðu fljótið, ǂNūǃarib sem vísar til svarts litar þess; stundum bara Kai !Arib ("Mikla fljót").  Af því nafni varð til afrikaans útgáfan Gariep, dregið af "Groote Rivier". Fyrsta hollenska nafnið á fljótinu var Groote Rivier, sem þýðir "Mikla fljót". Fljótið var nefnt Orange fljót af Robert Gordon ofursta, yfirmanni Hollenska Austur-Indíafélagið (VOC) í Höfðaborg, í ferð til Suður-Afríku árið 1779. Gordon nefndi ána til heiðurs Vilhjálmi V af Óraníu. Algengur  misskilningur er að fljótið hafi verið nefnt eftir appelsínugulum lit vatnsins, sem mótvægi við litinn á fljótinu Vaal. Nafnið er dregið af nafni "föl á" (vaal er afrikaans fyrir föl eða grá). Frá lokum aðskilnaðarstefnunnar hefur nafnið "Gariep" verið meira notað í opinberum bréfaskiptum í Suður-Afríku, þó að nafnið "Orange" hafi meiri alþjóðlega viðurkenningu. Í Lesótó, þar sem upphaf fljótsins er, er það þekkt sem Senqu-áin, sem er dregið af upprunalegu nafni Khoemana.

Örnafnanefnd svæðisins hefur auglýst áform sín um að íhuga nafnbreytingu fyrir þann hluta fljótsins sem myndar landamæri fylkjanna Eastern Cape and the Free State og nefna þann hluta IGqili eða Senqu. Auglýsingin sem birtist í dagblaðinu Aliwal Weekblad segir að "núverandi örnefni hafi sterka tilvísun í nýlendutímann og passi því ekki við nútímann og núverandi skipan mála".

Stóra slangan
Í suður-afrískri þjóðsögu er Orange fljót oft tengt við Grootslang, goðsagnakenndri veru sem líkist risastórum höggormi, sem aftur er tengdur við demanta í setlögum fljótsins. Grootslang býr í gimsteinsfullum helli sem er tengdur við Óraníu-fljótið með göngum sem er farvegur demanta til fljótsins. Veran er einnig sögð vera í uppsprettu demanta undir King George Cataract (stórum steinn í miðju ánni) við Aughrabies Falls. Í þessari útgáfu goðsögunnar er einnig sagt að Grootslang ráðist á nautgripi frá árbakkanum.

Efnahagsmál

Þar sem vatnasvið Óraníu-fljóts nær til meirihluta vatns Suður-Afríku þá gegnir fljótið stóru hlutverki í landbúnaði, iðnaði og námuvinnslu. Í því skini hafa verið sett á laggirnar tvö stór kerfi, Orange River Project og Lesotho Highlands Water Project. Sögulega gegndi Orange mikilvægu hlutverki í demantavinnslu í Suður-Afríku, þar sem fyrstu demantarnir í landinu fundust í seti frá fljótinu. Í dag eru nokkrar demanta námuvinnslur meðfram ósi fljótsins.

Fljótið hefur verið nýtt til ævintýraferða á kajak og flúðasiglinga. Aðstæður eru góðar á sumrin þegar mikið vatn er í fljótinu og fá hættuleg dýr eru á svæðinu. Ævintýrasiglingar  hafa orðið mjög vinsælar hjá mörgum fyrirtækjum sem hafa komið sér upp starfsstöðvum meðfram ánni. Vinsælustu ferðirnar eru fjögurra daga og sex daga ferðir í gilinu neðan við Augrabies-fossa eða á Richtersveld svæðinu.

Orange River Project
Orange River Project (ORP) er eitt stærsta og hugmyndaríkasta verkefni sinnar tegundar í Suður-Afríku. Það var sett af stað af ríkisstjórn Hendrik Verwoerd á hátindi aðskilnaðarstefnunnar. Með ORP var ætlunin að nýta vatnið í Óraníu-fljóti, sem án Vaal fljótsins er um 14,1% af heildar vatnsrennsli í Suður-Afríku, til að fullnægja vaxandi eftirspurn eftir vatni. Helstu markmið verkefnisins voru:

 að koma á jafnvægi í rennsli
 að framleiða og flytja raforku vatnsorkuveri
 að tryggja nægjanlegt vatns fyrir notendur á vatnasvæði í Óraníu-fljóts og
 að veita nægu vatni til svæða þar sem vatnsskortur hefur verið vandamál svo sem Eastern Cape, Great Fishog Sundays River-dalnum.

Gariep stíflan nálægt Colesberg er aðal uppistöðulónið í Orange fljóti. Þaðan er vatni veitt í tvær áttir, vestur meðfram fljótinu til raforkuframleiðslu til Vanderkloof stíflunnar og suður í gegnum Orange-Fish göngin til Eastern Cape.

Rafmagn
Eskom rekur vatnsaflsstöðvar bæði við Gariep stífluna og Vanderkloof stífluna. Vatnsorkuverið í Vanderkloof stíflunni var fyrsta orkuverið í Suður-Afríku sem var algjörlega neðanjarðar. Borgirnar Oviston og Oranjekrag var komið á fót til að auðvelda umsjón með orkuverunum.

Áveita

Með byggingu Gariep og Vanderklow-stíflna var mögulegt með áveitu að breyta þúsundum hektara af þurru landi í frjósamt landbúnaðarsvæði. Gamlar áveituáætlanir eins og þær í Buchuberg, Upington, Kakamas og Vioolsdrifhafa einnig notið góðs af því að nú er mögulegt að stjórna rennsli um svæðið. Í Namibíu eru ræktuð vínber í Aussenkehr með vatni Óraníu-fljóti.

Á undanförnum árum hefur vínframleiðsla meðfram Óraníu-fljóti vaxið mikið. Áveitur í EasternnCapa hafa einnig orðið mun betri; ekki aðeins vegna viðbótar vatns, heldur einnig vegna bættra vatnsgæði. Án þessarar framfara hefðu sítrónu bændur meðfram Lower Sundays River næstum örugglega orðið fyrir áframhaldandi minnkandi framleiðni.

Vatnsverkefnið í Lesotho Highlands
Lesotho Highlands Water Project var ætlað til að auka vatnsbirgðir í Vaal vatnakerfinu. Vatn er leitt til Suður-Afríku í aðveitugöngum sem fara um landamæri Lesótó og Suður-Afríku við Caledon-fljót, og síðan í Little Caledon-á suður af Clarens í Free State og síðar í Ash-fljótið um 30 kílómetra norðar. Áætlunin varð ábatasöm þegar vatnsmagn í Gauteng dugði ekki lengur til að styðja með öðrum kerfum eins og Tugela - Vaal dælu. Kerfi sem notaði Sterkfontein stífluna sem er nálægt Harrismith í Free State.

Demantar í setlögum
Árið 1867 fannst fyrsti demanturinn í Suður-Afríku, Eureka demanturinn, nálægt Hopetown við Orange fljót. Tveimur árum síðar fannst mun stærri demantur sem var þekktur sem Stjarna Suður-Afríku á sama svæði og sá fundur kom af stað demantaæði. Þetta féll þó fljótlega skuggann af demantavinnslu úr bergtegundinni kimberlite í Kimberley árið 1871. Demantavinnsla í setlögum fljótsins hélt þó áfram. Í dag eru nokkrar demantanámuvinnslur við neðsta hluta fljótsins og við ósinn. Demantar námuvinnsla er einnig á miðbik fljótsins.

Flúða- og kajaksiglingar
Í mars og apríl er rigningartími og skipastigarnir eru opnir er auðveldlega hægt að sigla á kajak 30 km á dag. Neðri partur fljótsins er vinsælastur vegna stórfenglegs landslags. Ferðafyrirtæki bjóða upp á ferðir frá landamæraborginni Vioolsdrif.

Dýrlíf
Í og við Óraníufljót eru engin stór dýr. Nílar krókódíll er ekki á svæðinu og flóðhestum var útrýmt með veiðum á 19. öld. Orange fljót hefur tiltölulega fáar tegundar lífvera. Í könnun árið 2011 fundust aðeins 16 af 13.762 tegundum fiska. Þrjár af þeim m.a. karpi og tilapia eru framandi tegundr. Önnur framandi tegund er regnbogasprengja er í Lesótó.

Sjö tegundir eru í Vaal-Orange fljóta kerfinu:

 Austroglanis sclateri, Rock-catfish
 Pseudobarbus quathlambae, Maluti redfin
 Barbus hospes, Namaquab barb
 Mesobola brevianalis, River sardine
 Labeobarbus aeneus, Smallmouth yellowfish
 Labeobarbus kimberlyensis, Largemouth yellowfish
 Labeo capensis, Orange River Mudfish

Tilvísanir

Ytri tenglar

 Orange-Senqu River Commission (ORASECOM)  27. júlí 2013 á  Machine
 Orange-Senqu River Awareness Kit - þekkingarmiðstöð fyrir Orange-Sencu River basin

 Kort af hluta Orange River sem er hluti af Suður-Afríku
 "Seeing Orange in the Kalahari", grein og geimfararmynd í NASA Earth Observatory, 18. júlí 2021
 Upplýsingar um Orange fljót frá Suður-Afríku Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

Fljót í Namibíu
Fljót í Suður-Afríku
Fljót í Afríku

Óraníu-fljót


ගුවන් සේවය ආරම්භයේදී ගමනාන්ත කුඩා සංඛාවක් මෙහෙය වූවද පසුව වෙනත් ගුවන් සමාගම් සමඟ එක්ව ලොවපුරා ගමනාන්ත රාශියකට ගමන් කලේය.

1950 දශකය
මෙම කාළය තුළ එයාර් සිලෝන් ප්‍රධාන ඉසව් 3කට ගමන් කලා.යුරෝපය,ඕස්ට්‍රෙලියාව හා ඉන්දියාවයි.මේවා රාජකීය ඕලන්ද ගුවන් සේවය(KLM) සමඟ එක්ව සිදු කලා.

ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව
සිඩ්නි
ඩාර්වින්
බහරේන්
මනමා
ලංකාව
රත්මලාන (ප්‍රධාන පාළන මධ්‍යස්ථානය)
යාපනය
ඊජිප්තුව
කයිරෝ

ඉන්දියාව
බොම්බාය
මදුරාසිය
තිරුචිරාපල්ලි
ඉන්දුනීසියාව
ජකර්තා
ඊශ්‍රායලය
ටෙලි අවිව්
නෙදර්ලන්තය
ඈම්ස්ටර්ඩෑම්

ඉතාලිය
රෝමය
පකිස්ථානය
කරච්චි
සිංගප්පූරුව
සිංගප්පූරුව
එක්සත් රාජධානිය
ලන්ඩන්

එයාර් සිලෝන් ගමනාන්ත


Aderus raffrayi é uma espécie de inseto besouro da família Aderidae. Foi descrita cientificamente por Maurice Pic em 1894.

Distribuição geográfica
Habita em Etiópia e Senegal.

Referências

raffrayi
Coleópteros da Etiópia
Coleópteros do Senegal
Insetos descritos em 1894
Espécies descritas por Maurice Pic

Aderus raffrayi


Smidstrup er en ældre bebyggelse mellem Vedbæk og Rungsted i Nordøstsjælland. Smidstrup hørte oprindelig under Birkerød Sogn, men ved reskrip af 14. januar 1784 blev Hirschholm Sogn udskilt som annexsogn til Søllerød præstekald og med Hørsholm Kirke som sin kirke. Ved reskript af 1. maj 1790 blev bestemt, at Hirschholm Sogn skulle være et selvstændigt sogn med egn præst. I 1971 blev Rungsted Sogn udskilt som et eget sogn.

Historie
Smidstrup går tilbage til middelalderen. Endelsen -strup (-torp) viser, at der er tale om en udflytterbebyggelse.

I 1682 var Smidstrup en landsby bestående af 5 gårde, 7 huse med jord og 1 hus uden jord. Det samlede dyrkede areal udgjorde 33,6 tønder land skyldsat til 13,51 tønder hartkorn.

I midten af 1800-tallet oplyses, at i "Smidstrup drives noget Fiskeri". Da kystbebyggelsen bredte sig langs Øresund i anden halvdel af 1800-tallet, medførte det, at Smidstrup bebyggelsesmæssigt var forenet med Vedbæk allerede omkring århundredeskiftet. Anlæggelsen af Kystbanen med station ved Vedbæk medførte, at området mellem Kystbanen og Øresund, herunder det meste af Smidstrupgårds jorder, blev bebygget.

Noter

Litteratur
 Henrik Pedersen: De danske Landbrug fremstillet paa Grundlag af Forarbejderne til Christian V.s Matrikel 1688. Udgivet efter hans Død paa Bekostning af Carlsbergfondet (København MCMXXVIII; Reprotryk for Landbohistorisk Selskab, København 1975),

Eksterne henvisninger
J.P. Trap: Kongeriget Danmark, Speciel Deel. Første Bind:I; Kjøbenhavn 1858

Hørsholm Kommunes geografi
Lokaliteter i Danmark

Smidstrup (Rungsted Sogn)


Tihomir Skoko (Mostar, 25. travnja 1975.), bivši hrvatski nogometaš i nogometni trener iz Bosne i Hercegovine.

Karijera

Igračka karijera

Kao sedamnaestogodišnjak bio je sudionik prve utakmice Zrinjskog nakon obnove rada kluba 1992. godine protiv Croatije iz Zmijavaca. Za Zrinjski je u šest sezona odigrao 129 utakmica i postigao 15 pogodaka.

S NK Široki Brijeg postaje prvak Herceg-Bosne u sezoni 1995./96. Kao nogometaš Širokog bio je član reprezentacije Herceg-Bosne na prijateljskoj utakmici s Paragvajom u Asunciónu 1996. godine.

Osim za Široki i Zrinjski još je igrao za HNK Brotnjo Čitluk, NK Hrvatski dragovoljac Zagreb, NK Zmaj Makarska i NK Lokomotiva Zagreb.

Zbog teške ozljede morao je završiti karijeru u 26. godini.

Trenerska karijera

Nakon igračke karijere bavi se trenerskim poslom. Najprije je bio trener u Školi nogometa  Zrinjskog, a potom osniva vlastitu Školu nogometa Tiki-Taka.

Izvori

Hrvatski nogometaši iz Bosne i Hercegovine
Bosanskohercegovački nogometni treneri
Nogometaši HŠK Zrinjski Mostar
Nogometaši NK Širokog Brijega
Životopisi, Mostar

Tihomir Skoko


Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US was the title of the President's Daily Brief prepared by the Central Intelligence Agency and given to U.S. President George W. Bush on Monday, August 6, 2001.  The brief warned, 36 days before the September 11 attacks, of terrorism threats from Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda, including "patterns of suspicious activity in this country consistent with preparations for a hijacking" of U.S. aircraft.

President's Daily Brief
The President's Daily Brief (PDB) is a brief of important classified information on national security collected by various U.S. intelligence agencies given to the president and a select group of senior officials.  On August 6, 2001, the Central Intelligence Agency delivered a President's Daily Brief to President Bush, who was vacationing at his ranch in Crawford, Texas.

President Bush's response of "All right. You've covered your ass" has been erroneously linked to this PDB. This response, however, came from a separate PDB linked to Bin Laden from several months earlier. During 2001, CIA analysts produced several reports warning of imminent attacks by Bin Laden and al-Qaeda. Senior officials, including Vice President Dick Cheney and staff from Donald Rumsfeld's office at the Department of Defense, questioned whether these reports might not be deception on the part of al-Qaeda, purposely designed to needlessly expend resources in response. After reevaluating the legitimate risks of these recent reports, CIA analysts produced a report titled "UBL [Usama Bin Laden] Threats Are Real". It was after this report that the president gave that now-infamous response.

Release
The content of the memo was kept secret, as with all but a handful of PDBs, until it was leaked in 2002. CBS Evening News reported on the document on May 15.

The PDB was declassified and approved for release to the 9/11 Commission on April 10, 2004, and was included in the commission's 9/11 Commission Report, published on July 22, 2004. According to the National Security Archive,  President Bush was the first sitting president to release a PDB to the public.

Analysis
In response to accusations that the administration failed to act on the contents of the briefing, U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and General Richard Myers emphasized that the CIA's PDB did not warn the president of a specific new threat but "contained historical information based on old reporting."

See also
Phoenix Memo, July 10, 2001

References

September 11 attacks
Classified documents
2001 documents
George W. Bush administration controversies
Osama bin Laden

Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US


Las Plassas (sardinski: Is Pràtzas) je grad i općina (comune) u pokrajini Južnoj Sardiniji u regiji Sardiniji, Italija. Nalazi se na nadmorskoj visini od 148 metara i ima 240 stanovnika. Prostire se na 11,04 km². Gustoća naseljenosti je 22 st/km².Susjedne općine su: Barumini, Pauli Arbarei, Tuili, Villamar i Villanovafranca.

Izvori

Gradovi na Sardiniji

Las Plassas


This is a list of file formats used by archivers and compressors used to create archive files.

Archiving only

Compression only

Archiving and compression

Data recovery

Comparison

Containers and compression

Notes
 While the original tar format uses the ASCII character encoding, current implementations use the UTF-8 (Unicode) encoding, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.
 Supports the external Parchive program (par2).
 From 3.20 release RAR can store modification, creation and last access time with the precision up to 0.0000001 second (= 0.1 µs). WinRAR download and support: Knowledge Base
 The PAQ family (with its lighter weight derivative LPAQ) went through many revisions, each revision suggested its own extension. For example: ".paq9a".
 WIM can store the ciphertext of encrypted files on an NTFS volume, but such files can only by decrypted if an administrator extracts the file to an NTFS volume, and the decryption key is available (typically from the file's original owner on the same Windows installation). Microsoft has also distributed some download versions of the Windows operating system as encrypted WIM files, but via an external encryption process and not a feature of WIM.

Purpose: Archive formats are used for backups, mobility, and archiving. Many archive formats  compress the data to consume less storage space and result in quicker transfer times as the same data is represented by fewer bytes. Another benefit is that files are combined into one archive file which has less overhead for managing or transferring. There are numerous compression algorithms available to losslessly compress archived data; some algorithms are designed to work better (smaller archive or faster compression) with particular data types. Archive formats are used by most operating systems to package software for easier distribution and installation than binary executables.
Filename extension: The DOS and Windows operating systems required filenames to include an extension (of at least one, and typically 3 characters) to identify the file type. Such extensions must be unique for each type of file. Many operating systems identify a file's type from its contents without the need for an extension in its name. However, the use of three-character extensions has been embraced as a useful and efficient shorthand for identifying file types.
Integrity check: Archive files are often stored on magnetic or other media subject to storage errors. Many archive formats contain extra error detection or correction information which can be used by the software used to read the archive files to detect and possibly correct errors.
Recovery record: Many archive formats contain redundant data embedded in the files in order to detect data storage or transmission errors, and the software used to read the archive files contains logic to detect and correct errors.
Encryption: Many archive formats include the capability to encrypt contents to prevent unauthorised access, using one of many available encryption methods.

Software packaging and distribution

Notes
 Not to be confused with the archiver JAR written by Robert K. Jung, which produces ".j" files.

Features

Notes
 Compression is not a built-in feature of the formats, however, the resulting archive can be compressed with any algorithm of choice. Several implementations include functionality to do this automatically
 Most implementations can optionally produce a self-extracting executable
 Per-file compression with gzip, bzip2, lzo, xz, lzma (as opposed to compressing the whole archive). An individual can choose not to compress already compressed filenames based on their suffix as well.

See also
Archive file
Comparison of file archivers
Comparison of file systems
List of file systems
Solid compression
zlib

Footnotes

Lists of file formats

List of archive formats


محمد دماغ نحات جزائري، ولد في 4 جويلية 1930 بمدينة باتنة، شرق الجزائر.

المصادر

 Tahar Djaout, Mohammed Demagh, Les métamorphoses de l'arbre, dans Algérie-Actualité, n° 780, Alger, 25 septembre-1er octobre 1980
 «قاموس الفنانيـن الجزائرييـن» 1917 -2006م، للكاتب عبروس منصور، دار النشرl'Harmattan.
 «ديـوان الفـن» قاموس الفنانين الجزائريين للكاتبة جميلة فليسي-قنديل، دار النشرENAG/ANEP.

جزائريون في القرن 21
أشخاص يحتمل أن يكونوا أحياء
شاوية
فنانون تجريديون
فنانون تشكيليون جزائريون
فنانون جزائريون
مواليد 1349 هـ
مواليد 1930
مواليد في باتنة
نحاتون جزائريون
نحاتون ونحاتات إيطاليون
وفيات 1439 هـ
وفيات في باتنة

محمد دماغ


ලාහුන් ගණිතමය පැපිරස (කාහුන් ගණිතමය පැපිරස ලෙසින්ද හැඳින්වෙයි) යනු,  දෙවන සෙසෝට්‍රිස්ගේ පිරමිඩය අසල කම්කරුවන්ගේ සුළු නගරයක කැණීම් කරමින් සිටියදී, ෆ්ලින්ඩර්ස් පීට්රි  විසින් එල්-ලාහුන්හිදී (ලාහුන්. කාහුන් හෝ ඉල්-ලාහුන් ලෙසින්ද හැඳින්වෙයි)  සොයාගත් කාහුන් පැපිරසයන්හී කොටසකි. . පරිපාලනමය ලේඛ, වෛද්‍යමය ලේඛ, පශු වෛද්‍යමය ලේඛ සහ ගණිතයට වෙන්වූ ශේෂයන් සයක් ලෙසින් ලේඛයන් සම්මුචයක් අයුරින් කාහුන් පැපිරස සමන්විත වෙයි.

ලාහුන් ගණිතමය පැපිරස


.uz, Özbekistan için İnternet ülke kodu üst seviye alan adıdır. (CcTLD)

DNSSEC
İnternet ülke alan kodları
Özbekistan taslakları
İnternet alan adları taslakları

.uz


Luc Perrier, né le 29 septembre 1931 à l'Île d'Orléans et décédé le 11 mai 2008, est un poète.

Biographie
Luc Perrier commence à écrire de la poésie dès l'âge de quatorze ans. Il poursuit ensuite des études en philosophie à Toronto ainsi qu'en comptabilité à l'Université Concordia de Montréal.

Il occupe le poste de commis de bureau, puis de comptable en plus de signer des textes dans divers journaux et revues spécialisées (Le Devoir, Notre Temps, Liaison, Liberté, La Presse, Estuaire et Les Écrits). Les questions culturelles et politiques l'intéressent plus particulièrement.

De 1963 à 1965, Luc Perrier est membre de l'équipe de direction de la revue Liberté. Il écrit également des textes pour différentes émissions de la Société Radio-Canada.

Figure importante de la poésie québécoise contemporaine, il fait paraître plusieurs titres dont Du temps que j'aime (Les Éditions de l'Hexagone, 1963), Champ libre (Éditions du Noroît, 1994), Faites le nécessaire (Éditions du Noroît, 1998), De toute manière (Éditions du Noroît, 2002) ainsi que Le moindre vent (Éditions du Noroît, 2006)

Il est décédé le 11 mai 2008.

Œuvres

Poésie
Des jours et des jours, Montréal, Les Éditions de l'Hexagone, 1954, 30 p.
Du temps que j'aime, Montréal, Les Éditions de l'Hexagone, 1963, 47 p.
Champ libre, avec une estampe en six états de Louis Pelletier, Montréal, Éditions du Noroît, 1994, 59 p.
Faites le nécessaire, Montréal, Éditions du Noroît, 1998, 60 p.
De toute manière, Montréal, Éditions du Noroît, 2002, 177 p.
Le moindre vent, Montréal, Éditions du Noroît, 2006, 191 p.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Éditions de l'Hexagone
 Éditions du Noroît

Liens externes

Poète québécois
Écrivain suivi par le projet Arts littéraires québécois

Luc Perrier


Jeannette Theresa Dubois (August 5 – February 17, 2020), known professionally as Ja'Net DuBois, Ja'net DuBois, and Ja'Net Du Bois (), was an American actress and singer. She was best known for her portrayal of Willona Woods, the neighborhood gossip maven and a friend of the Evans family on the CBS sitcom Good Times, which aired from 1974 to 1979. DuBois additionally cowrote and sang the theme song "Movin' on Up" for The Jeffersons, which aired from 1975 until 1985. After beginning her career on the stage in the early 1960s, DuBois appeared on television shows and in films into the mid-2010s.

Biography

Early life and career
DuBois was born Jeannette Theresa Dubois in either Brooklyn, New York City, or Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was the daughter of Lillian Gouedy (1910–1984) and Gordon Adelbert Dubois (1915–1960) and was raised in Amityville, New York, on Long Island.

DuBois began her acting career onstage during the early 1960s, making her Broadway debut with a small role in the short-lived play The Long Dream, which ran for four days in February 1960. She appeared in the drama A Raisin in the Sun with Louis Gossett Jr., though not the original Broadway production. After appearing in the play The Blacks in October 1963, she became an understudy for the housekeeper role, portrayed by Gertrude Jeannette, in the comedy Nobody Loves an Albatross, which ran through June 1964. DuBois next appeared in the Broadway musical Golden Boy with Sammy Davis Jr., Billy Daniels, Lola Falana and Johnny Brown. DuBois portrayed Anna, the sister of Davis's character, through the entire original run from October 1964 to March 1966.

Career
DuBois's early television acting credits include the 1969 television film J.T. and as Loretta Allen on the soap opera Love of Life from 1970 until 1972, becoming one of the first African-American female regular cast members on a daytime series. DuBois's first film appearance was her portrayal of Vera in Diary of a Mad Housewife (1970). She landed the role of Stormy Monday in the 1973 comedy Five on the Black Hand Side and appeared in Lanford Wilson's play The Hot l Baltimore that same year.

During her time in the play, television producer Norman Lear watched DuBois on stage at the Mark Taper Forum and was impressed with her performance. He cast her in his CBS sitcom Good Times as Wilona Woods, the Evanses' neighbor and best friend of family matriarch Florida Evans, portrayed by Esther Rolle. DuBois appeared in the show from February 1974 until the show ended in August 1979. DuBois began the show as a costar alongside Rolle and John Amos (who departed the show in 1976). In 1977, DuBois's role became more prominent during the fifth season after Rolle had left the cast. DuBois returned to her costarring role when Rolle returned in the sixth and final season in 1978.

After Good Times ended in 1979, DuBois recorded the album Again, Ja'Net DuBois on her Peanuts and Caviar label in 1983. She appeared in former Good Times co-star Janet Jackson's 1987 "Control" music video as her mother. In 1992, she costarred with Clifton Davis in And I Still Rise, a play written and directed by Maya Angelou. DuBois co-starred in the films I'm Gonna Git You Sucka (1988) and Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003), and on television in Moesha, The Steve Harvey Show, A Different World, Touched by an Angel and The Wayans Bros.

Other ventures and accolades
During the 1980s, DuBois operated the Ja'net DuBois Academy of Theater Arts and Sciences, a performing arts school for teenagers on Long Island, New York. In 1992, DuBois, Danny Glover and Ayuko Babu cofounded the Pan African Film & Arts Festival in Los Angeles. In 1995, DuBois won a CableACE award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the Lifetime film Other Women's Children. DuBois won Emmy Awards for her voiceover work on the animated program The PJs in 1999 and 2001. DuBois, along with the other cast members of Good Times, received the Impact Icon Award at the 2006 TV Land Awards. In 2000, DuBois served as grand marshal for the North Amityville Community Parade and Festival Day in Amityville, New York. DuBois was an honorary member of the Zeta Phi Beta sorority.

Personal life
DuBois married Sajit Gupta in 1950. According to her Brazilian consular document, DuBois was divorced from Gupta by April 1959, but another source states that she was still married in 1964. Together, DuBois and Gupta had four children: Provat Gupta, Rani Gupta, Kesha Gupta-Fields and Raj Kristo Gupta, who died of cancer in 1987 at age 36. Provat is a basketball coach based in California. In 1959, DuBois was romantically involved with actor Brock Peters.

Death
DuBois died on February 17, 2020, of cardiac arrest at her residence in Glendale, California.

Discography
 Movin' On Up (theme from The Jeffersons, 1975)
 Queen of the Highway (Som Livre, 1980)
 Again, Ja'Net DuBois (Peanuts & Caviar Internationale, 1983)
 Hidden Treasures (Peanuts & Caviar Internationale, 2007)

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

Notes

References

External links

Age controversies
2020 deaths
20th-century American actresses
20th-century African-American women singers
21st-century African-American women
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Brooklyn
Actresses from Pennsylvania
Actresses from Philadelphia
African-American actresses
African-American women singer-songwriters
American film actresses
American musical theatre actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American voice actresses
American women singers
People from Amityville, New York
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Singer-songwriters from Pennsylvania
Singers from New York City

Ja'Net DuBois


Faces in the Crowd () ist ein Thriller aus dem Jahr 2011 von Regisseur Julien Magnat mit Milla Jovovich in der Hauptrolle. Der Film zeigt die großen Herausforderungen eines Menschen beim Umgang mit der Krankheit Prosopagnosie. Diese Gesichtsblindheit wird im Film dargestellt, indem teilweise verschiedene Schauspieler für die gleiche Rolle eingesetzt werden.

Handlung

Die Grundschullehrerin Anna Marchant führt mit ihrem Freund Bryce ein bodenständiges und glückliches Leben. Auf dem Heimweg von einer Party wird sie Zeugin eines brutalen Mordes, der durch den medienbekannten Serienmörder "Tearjerk Jack" mit einem Rasiermesser an einer jungen Frau verübt wird. Als dieser Anna bemerkt, verfolgt und attackiert er sie. Bei dem Angriff zieht sie sich eine schwere Kopfverletzung zu und wacht Tage später auf einer Klinikstation wieder auf.

Doch die Verletzung blieb nicht folgenlos: Anna erleidet eine neurologische Krankheit namens Prosopagnosie, die es ihr von nun an unmöglich macht, Gesichter wiederzuerkennen und damit auch Freund von Feind in ihrer Umwelt zu unterscheiden.
Zusammen mit dem Polizisten Sam Kerrest und der Psychologin Dr. Langenkamp versucht Anna, ihre Krankheit zu bewältigen und sich an den Mörder zu erinnern, der sich Annas Gesicht gut gemerkt hat und der jungen Frau dicht auf den Fersen ist.

Synchronisation

Kritik
Die Filmzeitschrift Cinema bescheinigt dem Film "packende Momente", er sei jedoch unentschlossen: "Auf den Schockauftakt folgt ein Psychodrama, dessen Regieeinfälle auch dem Zuschauer die Orientierung erschweren. – Fazit: Etwas profilloser Amnesiethriller." Der film-dienst urteilte: "Leidlich spannender Thriller, der bemüht ist, die psychologisch-dramatische Komponente herauszuarbeiten, aber keine besondere dramaturgische Tiefe erreicht."

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 2011
US-amerikanischer Film
Thriller
Psychodrama
Kriminalfilm

Faces in the Crowd


Christian Norberg-Schulz (23 de maio de 1926 - 28 de março de 2000) foi um arquiteto, autor, educador e teórico da arquitetura norueguês. Norberg-Schulz fez parte do Movimento Modernista na arquitetura e associado à fenomenologia arquitetônica.

Carreira
Nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, Norberg-Schulz atuou como arquiteto sozinho e em colaboração com Arne Korsmo, com quem co-projetou as famosas casas geminadas da Planetveien Street, em Oslo, onde ambos moravam com suas respectivas famílias. Norberg-Schulz tornou-se progressivamente desiludido com a prática, assim como seu primeiro livro, "Intentions in Architecture", começou a ganhar aclamação internacional como teórico da arquitetura.

Seu trabalho teórico posterior das décadas de 1970 e 1980 passou das preocupações analíticas e psicológicas de seus escritos anteriores para a fenomenologia do lugar, e ele foi um dos primeiros teóricos da arquitetura a trazer Martin Heidegger para o campo. No entanto, sua interpretação da fenomenologia de Heidegger tem sido frequentemente criticada. Seu livro Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture (1979) foi influente na Europa e nas Américas. Ele é reconhecido como uma figura central no movimento da fenomenologia arquitetônica. Ele também é conhecido internacionalmente tanto por seus livros sobre história da arquitetura (em particular arquitetura clássica italiana, especialmente o barroco ) quanto por seus escritos sobre teoria.

Vida pessoal
Em 1955, casou-se com Anna Maria de Dominicis. Eles tiveram três filhos; dois filhos Erik (1955) Christian Emanuel (1967) e uma filha Elizabeth (1959).

Livros em inglês

 Intentions in Architecture MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1965.
 Existence, Space and Architecture Praeger Publishers, London, 1971
 Meaning in Western Architecture Rizzoli, New York, 1974.
 Baroque Architecture Rizzoli, Milan, 1979.
 Late Baroque and Rococo Architecture Rizzoli, Milan, 1980.
 Genius Loci, Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture Rizzoli, New York. 1980.
 Modern Norwegian Architecture Scandinavian University Press, Oslo, 1987.
 New World Architecture Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 1988.
 Concept of Dwelling Rizzoli, New York. 1993.
 Nightlands. Nordic Building, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1997.
 Principles of Modern Architecture Andreas Papadakis Publishers, London, 2000.
 Architecture: Presence, Language, Place Skira, Milan, 2000.

Referências
Arquitetos da Noruega

Christian Norberg-Schulz


Der Frommeshof ist ein Ort in der Gemeinde Gerstungen im Wartburgkreis.

Lage
Das Gehöft befindet sich südlich des Rennsteigs und etwa 3,5 Kilometer nordöstlich des Ortsteils Oberellen. Das unter Denkmalschutz stehende Hauptgebäude wurde bereits in den 1980er Jahren von den heutigen Besitzern erworben und fachgerecht saniert. Neben dem Haupthaus befindet sich von der ursprünglichen Hofanlage noch der Teich. Die ebenfalls baufälligen Nebengebäude wurden durch moderne Anbauten ersetzt. Am Hof führt der beliebte Rundwanderweg vom Clausberg über Hütschhof, Frommeshof und Rangenhof vorbei. Die geographische Höhe des Ortes beträgt .

Geschichte
Abseits des Hauptortes Oberellen entstanden als Rodungsinseln in den Seitentälern des Eltetales mehrere Einzelhöfe: Frommeshof, Rangenhof, Hütschhof, Dachsberg (Wüstung) und der Clausberg – wohl ursprünglich eine hochmittelalterliche Klause (Raststätte) am Rennsteig.

Von den Folgen des Dreißigjährigen Krieges erholten sich die Gehöfte relativ rasch. Der im 17. Jahrhundert auch Frommelshof genannte Hof gehörte zur Henfstädter Linie der Herren von Hanstein, sie waren Vettern der auch in Oberellen sitzenden Hansteiner (Oberellener Linie).
Das prachtvolle Fachwerkhaus belegt den Wohlstand der Bevölkerung in den Folgejahren. Um 1830 erwähnt eine Statistik ein Wohnhaus und sechs Einwohner – 5 Männer und eine Frau.
Infolge der zahllosen Erbteilungen, Verpfändungen und Gebietsabtretungen in Thüringen bildete Oberellen bis 1920 eine zum Herzogtum (ab 1918 Freistaat) Sachsen-Meiningen gehörende Enklave im Eisenacher Land. Von dieser Sonderrolle zeugen heute noch hunderte, oft meterhohe Grenzsteine rings um den Ort.
Am 16. März 2004 wurde der Frommeshof als Ortsteil von Oberellen ein Teil der Einheitsgemeinde Gerstungen.

Weblinks

 Website von Oberellen

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Wartburgkreis
Geographie (Gerstungen)

Frommeshof


Le dème d'Inoúndas, en  / Dímos Inoúndos, est un ancien dème du district régional de Laconie, en Grèce. Depuis 2010, il est fusionné au sein du dème de Sparte.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du dème compte .

Le dème tire son nom de la , affluent de l'Eurotas.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

District municipal dans le Péloponnèse (périphérie)
Ancien dème en Grèce
Laconie

Dème d'Inoúndas


An Cynorkis rosellata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Louis Marie Aubert Du Petit-Thouars, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Jean Marie Bosser. An Cynorkis rosellata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cynorkis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Cynorkis

Cynorkis rosellata


is a town located in the northeast of Hino District, Tottori Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 2,737 in 1023 households and a population density of 22 persons per km². The total area of the town is .

Etymology
The name of the town of Kōfu was chosen in a referendum by its residents. In the Japanese language it is formed from two kanji characters. The first, , means "water", and the second,  means "center" or "core".

Geography
Kōfu is located in the Chūgoku Mountains in western Tottori Prefecture. The northeast part of the town is on a plateau composed of pyroclastic soil at the southern foot of Mount Daisen. The Hino River flows through the western part of the town. The southern part of the town, which borders Okayama Prefecture, is at a high altitude and is dominated by Mount Giboshi (), Mount Mihira (), and Mount Kenashi ().

Neighboring municipalities
Tottori Prefecture
Hino
Hōki
Daisen
Kotoura
Kurayoshi
Okayama Prefecture
Maniwa
Shinjō

Climate
Kōfu is classified as a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall.  The average annual temperature in Kōfu is 11.8 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1883 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 23.6 °C, and lowest in January, at around 0.1 °C.

Demography
Per Japanese census data, the population of Kōfu has been as follows. The town has been suffering from rural depopulation, and the population has been continuously decreasing since the 1950s.

History
The area of Kōfu was part of ancient Hōki Province. During the Edo Period, it was part of the holdings of the Ikeda clan of Tottori Domain. Following the Meiji restoration. the village of Ebi was created within Hino District, Tottori on October 1, 1889 with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. Obi was raised to town status on October 1, 1947.  The town of Kōfu was formed in 1953 by the merger of Obi, with the villages of Kanagawa and Yonezawa.

Government
Kōfu has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 10 members. Kōfu, collectively with the other municipalities of Hino District, contributes one member to the Tottori Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Tottori 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
The economy of Kōfu is based agriculture, bottled water and seasonal tourism to its ski resorts.

Education
Kōfu has one public combined elementary/middle schools operated by the town government. The town does not have a high school.

Transportation

Railway
 JR West - Hakubi Line
  -

Highways
  Yonago Expressway

Local attractions
Every August 17, there is a festival held in Kōfu called, "Juushichiya" (十七夜).  Yatai (food stalls) of various kinds come and set up shop along the main road in Ebi, and people from all over come to participate in this festival.  There is a sumo tournament in the early morning among the men who live in the town, and there is even a tournament for the school children as well.  The kindergarten students play Japanese drums, taiko, in the evening along with other members of the town.  There are fireworks as well in the evening.  A 500-year-old traditional dance is also performed through the town and in the town's park; the dance is called "Kodaiji".  The dance has been passed down for 500 years since the death of the lord who ruled over the town, and it is done in remembrance of him and to also wish for a plentiful harvest and successful year.  The pinnacle of the festival occurs when townspeople light the hill facing the park on fire, spelling out the festival's name (十七夜) on the side of the hill.

Noted people from Kōfu
Naomi Wakabayashi, voice actress

References

External links

Town of Kōfu,  Official Site

Towns in Tottori Prefecture

Kōfu, Tottori


Dolínovskoye  es un selo del raión de Kalíninskaya del krai de Krasnodar de Rusia. Está situado en la orilla derecha del río Ponura, un afluente del delta del río Kirpili, 19 km al sudeste de Kalíninskaya y 37 km al noroeste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 314 habitantes en 2010.

Pertenece al municipio Boikoponurskoye.

Enlaces externos y referencias

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
 Este artículo es una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Долиновское.
 Mapa topográfico soviético a escala 1:100000 en maps.vlasenko.net

Localidades del raión de Kalíninskaya del krai de Krasnodar

Dolínovskoye


Banjo-Kazooie: Grunty's Revenge er et platformcomputerspil fra 2003 udviklet af Rare og udgivet af THQ til Game Boy Advance. Computerspillet er et spin-off af Banjo-Kazooie, der finder sted to måneder efter begivenhederne i det Nintendo 64 spil.

Banjo-Kazooie: Grunty's Revenge blev det første Rare-computerspil, der blev udgivet efter virksomhedet blev købt af Microsoft, og det første Banjo-Kazooie-computerspil til Game Boy Advance.

Kilder

Banjo-Kazooie
Computerspil fra 2003
Game Boy Advance-computerspil

Banjo-Kazooie: Grunty's Revenge


NGC 6700 je prečkasta spiralna galaktika u zviježđu Liri.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 6700
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 6700 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
   DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 6700 - 6749

6700

NGC 6700


The School of Brentano was a group of philosophers and psychologists who studied with Franz Brentano and were essentially influenced by him. While it was never a school in the traditional sense, Brentano tried to maintain some cohesion in the school. However, two of his most famous students, Alexius Meinong and Edmund Husserl, ultimately moved radically beyond his theories.

Notable members
Among the School of Brentano are counted several founders of new schools and movements (place and period they studied with Brentano):
Carl Stumpf (Würzburg, 1866–1870), taught Aron Gurwitsch and became the head of the Berlin School (Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Köhler)
Edmund Husserl (Vienna, 1884–1886), founded the phenomenological movement, influencing:
Munich phenomenology (Johannes Daubert, Adolf Reinach)
existential phenomenology (Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Martin Heidegger)
Alexius Meinong (Vienna, 1875–1878), was the head of the Graz School, and he influenced among others Stephan Witasek, Alois Höfler, Vittorio Benussi
Christian von Ehrenfels, credited with the introduction of the notion of Gestalt, which led to the establishment of Gestalt psychology
Kazimierz Twardowski (Vienna, 1885–1889), became father of the Lwów–Warsaw school of logic (Jan Łukasiewicz, Stanisław Leśniewski, Tadeusz Kotarbiński, Władysław Witwicki, Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz and Alfred Tarski)
Anton Marty (Würzburg, 1866–1870), developed a detailed theory of language with his disciple Karl Bühler, which influenced Reinach (who developed a theory of speech acts long before John Austin), whose lectures were attended by Franz Kafka
Sigmund Freud, founded psychoanalysis

Other students were:
Alois Höfler
Benno Kerry
Tomáš Masaryk
Rudolf Steiner

Scholars such as Roderick Chisholm, George Edward Moore, Gilbert Ryle, John Searle, Barry Smith, Kevin Mulligan, Peter Simons and Jan Woleński have propagated Brentano's influence to analytic philosophy through their research, editions and publications.

Through the works and teachings of his pupils the philosophy of Franz Brentano has been spread far and wide and indirectly influenced many if not most of the debates in contemporary philosophy, cognitive science and philosophy of mind.

See also
 Austrian realism

References

Bibliography
 The School of Franz Brentano (ed. L. Albertazzi, M. Libardi & R. Poli), Kluwer, Dordrecht 1996.
 The Cambridge Companion to Brentano (ed. D. Jacquette), Cambridge University Press 2004.
 Rollinger, Robin D., Husserl's Position in the School of Brentano Kluwer, Dordrecht 1999.
 Rollinger, Robin D., Austrian Phenomenology: Brentano, Meinong, Husserl, and Others on Mind and Object, Ontos-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2008. .
  Barry Smith, Austrian Philosophy: The Legacy of Franz Brentano, Open Court Publishing Company Chicago and LaSalle, Illinois 1996.
 Barry Smith - Brentano and Kafka In: Axiomathes, 8 (1997), 83–104
 Ion Tanasescu & Victor Popescu (coord.), Gabriel Cercel & Cristian Ciocan (eds.), The School of Brentano and Husserlian Phenomenology, Studia Phaenomenologica vol. III, nr. 1-2 (2003), ISSN 1582-5647, .

19th century in philosophy
Phenomenology
Philosophical schools and traditions
History of psychology

School of Brentano


Les statues-menhirs de Réganel sont trois statues-menhirs appartenant au groupe rouergat découvertes à Coupiac, dans le département de l'Aveyron en France.

Généralités
Trois statues-menhirs ont été découvertes vers 1950 par M. Rayssac au lieu-dit Le Planas près de la ferme de Réganel. L'une d'entre elles était très abîmée, les deux autres ont été données à un collectionneur parisien mais les photographies prises par Louis Balsan ont permis d'en faire des copies.

Statue n°1
Elle a été sculptée sur une dalle de grès permien. Il n'en demeure que le fragment supérieur mesurant  de hauteur sur  de largeur et  d'épaisseur. La partie supérieure droite du fragment est endommagée.

Un premier personnage a été sculpté puis les sculptures ont été effacées, il n'en demeure que le bras droit et la ceinture. Dans un second temps, un personnage féminin a été sculpté. La sculpture de ce deuxième personnage est d'une grande finesse. Le visage a été traité de manière très réaliste. Les yeux sont surmontés d'une arcade sourcilière. C'est l'un des trois exemples connus de statue où le visage comporte une bouche. Le menton est représenté. Seul le sein droit subsiste. Au dos, la chevelure et les crochets-omoplates sont visibles. Le personnage porte un collier à cinq rangs, une pendeloque en « Y » et une ceinture décorée de chevrons.

Statue n°2
Elle a été sculptée sur une dalle de grès permien. L'extrémité supérieure de la statue a disparu, le fragment restant mesure  de hauteur sur  de largeur et  d'épaisseur. C'est une statue féminine mais, contrairement aux autres statues-menhirs féminines, elle n'a pas été sculptée mais gravée. Les gravures sont très nettes. Elles représentent les seins, les bras, les mains, un collier à cinq rangs et la ceinture dans la partie haute. Dans la partie basse, les jambes sont absentes. Au dos, la chevelure et la ceinture sont représentées.

Statue n°3
Il s'agit de l'extrémité inférieure d'une statue de très grande hauteur puisque ce seul fragment mesure  de hauteur sur  de largeur et  d'épaisseur. La seule gravure visible correspond aux orteils du pied droit du personnage.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Sites mégalithiques de l'Aveyron
 Liste des statues-menhirs de France

Réganel
Site mégalithique dans l'Aveyron

Statues-menhirs de Réganel


جوجل بليكس  هو مقر شركة جوجل. يقع في ماونتن فيو، بمقاطعة سانتا كلارا، في ولاية كاليفورنيا وقريبة من مدينة سان جوزيه. جوجل بليكس (مجمع جوجل) هي دمج بين كلمتى جوجل و كومبليكس. توفر جوجل لموظفيها بيئة عمل فريدة من نوعها داخل هذا المقر وخارجه.

وسائل الترفيه داخل جوجل بليكس

توفر «جوجل» لموظفيها داخل «جوجل-بلكس» العديد من وسائل الراحة والترفيه التي تساعدهم على الإبداع في العمل، وكأمثلة:
 ألعاب وفازات وأباجورات تحمل رسوم جوجل توضع على المكاتب.
 خبراء متخصصون في صيانة أجهزة الكمبيوتر والأجهزة الإلكترونية متواجدون في نفس المبنى لمساعدة أي موظف يحدث لأجهزته أي عطل
 حمامات سباحة بجانب المجمع، ويشرف عليهم منقذون محترفون لنجدة أي موظف يتعرض لخطر الغرق.
 سبورات أفكار، متناثرة في أروقة المبنى، ويمكن لأي موظف أن يلهو على السبورة أو يكتب أفكار أو يرسم ما يحلو له أثناء تناوله القهوة مع زملاءه أثناء وقت الراحة.
 طاولات بلياردو، يمكن للموظفين أن يستخدموها أثناء وقت الراحة أيضا.
 صالون حلاقة، يعمل به منسق تسريحات تعاقدت معه جوجل خصيصا لصالح موظفيها.
 ملعب كرة طائرة، أيضا يسمح للموظفين أثناء وقت الراحة أن يلعبوا كما يشاؤوا في ملعب الفولي بول.
 وجبات مجانية، توفر جوجل لموظفيها 3 وجبات مجانية صحية، وأثناء تناولهم لها في الكافيتيريا يمكنهم مطالعة لوحات فنية معلقة على الحائط من إبداعات الموظفين أنفسهم.
 ساحة لعب للأطفال، يوجد مكان لألعاب الأطفال أبناء موظفي جوجل.
 تدليك، يمكن من خلال «الماساج» التي يوفره محترفون داخل جوجل أن يزيل عن الموظفين بعض ضغط العمل ليشعروا بالاسترخاء مرة أخرى.
 اصطحاب الكلاب مسموح، يتاح لموظفي جوجل أن يصطحبوا كلابهم في العمل، لكن جلب القطط غير مسموح.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 مقال نشرته «تايم» عن الحياة داخل جوجل-بلكس نشر بفبراير 2006

أماكن جذب سياحي في وادي السيليكون
تأسيسات سنة 1997 في كاليفورنيا
جوجل
خدمات جوجل
مبان إدارية اكتملت في 1997
مبان إدارية في كاليفورنيا
مبان ومنشآت في ماونتن فيو (كاليفورنيا)
وادي السيليكون

جوجل بليكس


Lawrence (Larry) Gordon () este un producător de film american, specializat în producerea filmelor de acțiune. Printre filmele pe care le-a produs se numără: Predator (1987), Event Horizon (1997), Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001) și Hellboy (2004). Este activ din 1975.

A întemeiat compania de producție Largo Entertainment cu fratele său, producătorul Charles Gordon, în 1989.

Referințe

Legături externe
 Lawrence Gordon la IMDB

 Nașteri în 1936
 Producători de film americani

Lawrence Gordon (producător)


Molly Thornill (født 30. oktober 1990) er en britisk-dansk komiker og sanger, som har optrådt med stand-up siden 2012. Molly blev i 2015 udvalgt som et af tre "æsler" i Zulu Comedy Galla. I 2017 lavede hun sit første one-woman show "Mollywood", der blev opført som en del af Zulu Comedy Festival, og deltog i "Comedy Zoo On Tour" med Thomas Hartmann og Anders Grau.

Hun har desuden skrevet fodboldsangen "Røde Strømper" til det Det danske kvindefodboldlandshold ved deres deltagelse i EM 2017.

Udover at være komiker, studerer Molly på Roskilde Universitet.

Referencer

Komikere fra Danmark
Sangere fra Danmark
Standupkomikere fra Danmark

Molly Thornhill


Avogadro yasası ya da Avogadro hipotezi, Amedeo Avogadro'nun 1811'de bulduğu bir gaz yasasıdır. Bu yasa, eşit hacimdeki gazların; eşit sıcaklık ve eşit basınçta aynı sayıda parçacık ya da molekül sayısına sahip olduğunu öne sürer. Buna göre, belirli bir hacimdeki gazın bulundurduğu molekül sayısı, gazın kütle ya da boyutundan bağımsızdır. Örnek olarak, aynı hacimdeki hidrojen ve nitrojen verilebilir. Buna göre, hidrojen de nitrojen de, aynı hacim, aynı basınç ve aynı sıcaklıkta aynı molekül sayısına sahiptir.

Bu yasanın bir kısmı, matematiksel olarak şöyle gösterilebilir:

 .

 V kübik metre olarak hacim,
 n gazın mol sayısı,
 a da bir sabittir.

Ancak yukardaki denklem, sadece homojen maddeler için geçerlidir. Buna homojen sıvılar ve katılar da dahildir. Bu ilişki bulunması kolay bir ilişkidir ki, nitekim Avogadro'dan önce de varsayılmıştır.

Avogadro yasasının en önemli sonucu, yasanın ideal gaz sabitinin tüm gazlar için aynı olduğunu bulmasıdır.

 P paskal olarak basınç,
 T de Kelvin olarak sıcaklıktır.

Yukardaki denkleme göre, tüm gazlar için bu sabit eşittir. Yani gazın boyutunun ya da kütlesinin bu sabitin değerini değiştirmez. Bu Avogadro yasasının en önemli bölümünü oluşturmakla beraber, Avogadro'nun doğa görüşündeki dahiliği de gösterir. Nitekim, bu yasayı, kinetik teori kullanarak kanıtlamak yıllar sürmüştür.

Standart durumda, bir mol ideal gaz, 22.4 litre (dm3) yer kaplar. Bu değer, genellikle molar hacim olarak kullanılır. Gerçek gazlar, bu değere birebir uymaz.

Bir moldeki molekül sayısı olan Avogadro sayısı, yaklaşık olarak mol başına 6.02×1023 parçadır.

Avogadro yasası, toplam gaz yasasını oluşturan Boyle yasası, Charles yasası ve Gay-Lussac yasasıyla birlikte ideal gaz yasasını oluşturur.

Gaz yasaları

Avogadro yasası


Gerald Neil Steinberg (20 April 1945 – 19 August 2015) was a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.  He was Member of Parliament for the City of Durham from 1987 until his retirement at the 2005 general election.

Early life

The son of Jewish parents Harry and Esther Steinberg, Gerry Steinberg attended St Margaret's CE Primary School in Durham and then Whinney Hill Secondary Modern School and Johnston Grammar School (both schools now known as Durham Johnston Comprehensive School) on Crossgate Moor. He gained a Teachers Certificate at Sheffield College of Education (now a campus of Sheffield Hallam University) on Collegiate Crescent in Sheffield and later a Diploma of Education (DipEd) of Backward Children (Special Educational Needs) at Newcastle Polytechnic (now Northumbria University Coach Lane Campus).

He started teaching at Hexham Camp School in 1966, then moved to Elemore Hall in County Durham in 1969. From 1975-87 he was at Whitworth House Special School in Spennymoor where he became Head Teacher. He joined the Labour Party in 1969 and became election agent for Durham MP  Dr Mark Hughes in 1973. In May 1975 he was elected to Durham City Council. He was secretary of the Labour Group on the city council from 1981 to 1987 and Co-Leader of the Council from 1983–87.

Parliamentary career

In 1985 he was selected from a short list of six to be the Labour parliamentary candidate for Durham City, after Hughes had decided not to stand again. Steinberg was elected as the Member of Parliament in June 1987. He was a member of a number of Parliamentary Committees, including the Education & Skills Select Committee and the Public Accounts Committee.

Personal life
Steinberg was admitted as an Honorary Freeman of the City of Durham on 8 December 2005.

On 25 August 1969 Steinberg married Margaret Thornton, a teacher, and had two children, Harry and Lyanne. Gerry Steinberg died on 19 August 2015 after suffering from cancer.

References

External links
 Gerry Steinberg official website

 Royal accounting in February 2005
 Durham students in February 2004
 Durham Theatre in December 2003
 Durham students in October 2003
 Teachers' sick leave in February 2003

1945 births
2015 deaths
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Transport and General Workers' Union-sponsored MPs
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
Alumni of Northumbria University
Councillors in County Durham
Schoolteachers from County Durham
People from Durham, England
Alumni of Sheffield Hallam University
Place of death missing
Jewish British politicians
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the City of Durham

Gerry Steinberg


Župni dvor (Belec) je objekt u mjestu Belec općini Zlatar zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Jednokatna kurija župnog dvora smještena je jugoistočno od kapele sv. Jurja u naselju Belec. Sagrađena sredinom 18. st., pravokutnog tlocrta, svoj izvorni oblik sačuvala je do danas. Unutarnje prostorije su organizirane oko središnjeg predvorja koje spaja pročelje i začelje. U prizemlju se bočno od hodnika, a uz glavno pročelje nalazi po jedna veća prostorija, dok su uz začelje smještene manje prostorije i stube za kat. Najveća prostorija kata, palača, smještena je u sjeverozapadnom uglu. U svim prostorijama kata, osim u palači, sačuvan je štuko ukras na svodovima. Unatoč skromnoj i jednostavnoj vanjštini, vrijedan je primjer barokne kurijalne arhitekture.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-2766 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralno-profana graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene stambene građevine u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji
Građevine u Zlataru
Kurije u Hrvatskoj

Župni dvor u Belecu


Neftavia (En ruso: Нефтавиа), también llamado Destacamento Aéreo de Neftejugansk, es una aerolínea rusa con base en el Aeropuerto de Neftejugansk. No opera vuelos regulares, sin embargo, efectúa operaciones de transporte para las compañías petroleras y gasificas, misiones de búsqueda y rescate, aeroambulancias y lucha contra incendios, como también ofrece diversos servicios en tierra como mantenimiento a todo tipo de helicópteros rusos y suministro de piezas de repuesto.

Historia
La aerolínea fue fundada en 1965, al mismo tiempo que se construía el primer aeropuerto en la ciudad de Neftejugansk. En un principio la compañía era una filial de Aeroflot, llamada Aeroflot-Neftejugansk. Con la caída de la URSS, en los años 90, la aerolínea empezó a operar en el extranjero, siendo sus primeras operaciones en Colombia, Angola, Namibia y Ecuador.

En 1999, la compañía entró a la lista de principales colaboradores en materia de aviación de la ONU, tras haber donado varios de sus helicópteros para operaciones de rescate en zonas de desastre y para transportar alimentos al Cuerno de África.

En los años 2000, la aerolínea cambio múltiples veces de dueños, siendo el comprador final la compañía UTair Aviation.

Durante sus primeros años, la aerolínea realizaba servicios de transporte de pasajeros a la ciudad de Neftejugansk utilizando un Tupolev Tu-134. Dicho servicio sería suspendido después debido a la baja demanda del destino.

Servicios

Los técnicos de la aerolínea ofrecen servicios de mantenimiento a todos los modelos de helicópteros de manufactura rusa y a algunos aviones de Tupolev. Asimismo la compañía coopera con la línea de producción de los helicópteros Kamov, en Rusia, ya que los pilotos de pruebas de los nuevos modelos, son donados por la aerolínea. La principal fuente de ingresos de la aerolínea es la realización de vuelos chárter de pasajeros y carga a diversas compañías petroleras y gasificas, como también presta servicios al gobierno ruso en situaciones de emergencia, como por ejemplo: Prestar servicios de transporte, aeroambulancia, combate de incendios, etc. La mayoría de los vuelos de pasajeros se realizan para UTair y Kolavia.

Flota
 14 Mil Mi-8MTV

 12 Mil Mi-8T

 4 Kamov Ka-32

Pedidos

 1 Mil Mi-26

 3 Robinson R44

Referencias
Información de la aerolínea (En ruso)

Fusiones y adquisiciones durante los años 2000 (En ruso)

Enlaces externos
Sitio web oficial

Aerolíneas de Rusia
Aerolíneas fundadas en 1965

Neftavia


Agrilus tessmanni é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Curletti, 1994.

Referências

tessmanni

Agrilus tessmanni


A21 යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ තනා තිබෙන, A ශ්‍රේණියට අයත් මහා මාර්ගයකි. කෑගල්ල සහ කරවනැල්ල යන නගර සම්බන්ධ කරමින්, මෙම මාර්ගය ඉදි කොට ඇත.

මාර්ගය මොරොන්තොට, බුලත්කොහුපිටිය සහ රුවන්වැල්ල යන නගර හරහා ගමන් කරයි.

මාර්ග - ශ්‍රී ලංකාව

A21 මහා මාර්ගය (ශ්‍රී ලංකාව)


HispanTV es un canal de televisión por suscripción internacional de origen iraní dedicada a proporcionar información y entretenimiento en español. Comenzó a transmitir sus programas en diciembre de 2011.

Historia

Creación
El canal, con sede en Madrid, fue inaugurado por el entonces presidente de Irán Mahmud Ahmadineyad, quien afirmó que «el nuevo canal va a limitar la supremacía de aquellos que buscan dominar» y que sería «un instrumento para establecer mejores lazos entre el pueblo y el Gobierno de Irán con los de las naciones de habla española». Según el diario El País, «Ahmadinejad dejó claro que la televisión que inauguraba es un arma de lucha ideológica». Se trata de la quinta de una serie de cadenas de televisión patrocinadas por el Gobierno iraní que emiten en otras lenguas, como inglés y árabe. El canal podía ser sintonizado inicialmente a través de la red española de satélites Hispasat.

Desde sus inicios, algún medio rival ha señalado la práctica de que las presentadoras de HispanTV que emiten desde Irán llevan el cabello totalmente cubierto con un hijab, mientras que las corresponsales que informan desde otros países donde esa práctica no está impuesta solo cubren parcialmente su cabello con un pañuelo.

Restricciones a la emisión

En enero de 2013, como consecuencia de las medidas de embargo a Irán adoptadas por la Unión Europea, los operadores de satélites Eutelsat y Arqiva interrumpieron las emisiones de este y otros canales iraníes por considerarlos vinculados a una persona relacionada con la violación de derechos humanos: el responsable de la radiodifusión iraní Ezatola Zarghami. Tras esta decisión, el Gobierno español requirió a Hispasat que retirase a HispanTV de su plataforma, petición que fue llevada a efecto interrumpiendo así las emisiones para América.

En concreto, las autoridades de la Comunidad de Madrid, a instancias del Gobierno español, ordenaron el cese de sus emisiones a través de TDT alegando que el responsable iraní de este medio de comunicación está considerado por la Unión Europea como implicado en la violación de derechos humanos. Ningún otro gobierno europeo ni tampoco el de los Estados Unidos adoptó una medida similar. La medida originó preguntas al gobierno por parte de Izquierda Unida (IU). También fue criticada por la dirección de la cadena y por Pablo Iglesias Turrión, presentador del programa de HispanTV Fort Apache, quien consideró que lo que le preocupaba al Partido Popular no eran los derechos humanos, sino la «línea progresista de muchos de los programas que emite este canal».

Críticas

El canal ha sido criticado por algunos medios españoles que lo consideran un instrumento de propaganda del Gobierno de la República Islámica de Irán. El diario El País considera que el canal tiene una «marcada carga ideológica» que trataría de legitimar el sistema político iraní. También han sido críticos los diarios en línea  Periodista Digital y Libertad Digital. Periodista Digital le reprocha a HispanTV que los informativos de la cadena no emiten información sobre las ejecuciones de homosexuales en Irán.

Pilar Rahola calificó a HispanTV de «engendro» y dijo que era un vehículo para la propaganda del presidente de Irán, Mahmud Ahmadineyad.

Programación
 Irán
 PoliMedios
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Maria Clementina af Østrig (1. marts 1798 – 3. september 1881) var en østrigsk ærkehertuginde, der var datter af kejser Frans 1. af Østrig. Hun blev gift med Prins Leopold af Bourbon-Begge Sicilier, fyrste af Salerno, yngste søn af kong Ferdinand 1. af Begge Sicilier.

Se også

 Kongeriget Begge Sicilier

Huset Habsburg-Lothringen
Personer fra Wien
Ærkehertuginder af Østrig

Maria Clementina af Østrig (1798-1881)


Henry Scott Tuke  (12 June 1858 – 13 March 1929), was an English artist; primarily a painter, but also a photographer. His most notable work was in the Impressionist style, and he is best known for his paintings of nude boys and young men.

Trained at the Slade School of Art under Alphonse Legros and Sir Edward Poynter, Tuke developed a close relationship with the Newlyn School of painters, his work being exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts, of which he became a Full Member. In addition to his achievements as a figurative painter, he was an established maritime artist and produced many portraits of sailing ships. He was highly prolific, with over 1,300 works listed and more being discovered.

Early life

Tuke was born at Lawrence Street, York, into the prominent Quaker Tuke family. His brother William Samuel Tuke was born two years earlier in 1856. His father, Daniel Hack Tuke, a well-known medical doctor specialising in psychiatry, was a campaigner for humane treatment of the insane. His great-great-grandfather William Tuke had founded the Retreat at York, one of the first  modern insane asylums, in 1796. His great-grandfather Henry Tuke, grandfather Samuel Tuke and uncle James Hack Tuke were also well-known social activists. The Tuke family's ancestry can be traced back to Sir Brian Tuke, who served as an adviser to King Henry VIII of England (replacing Sir Thomas More).

In 1859 the family moved to Falmouth in Cornwall where it was hoped the warmer climate would benefit Tuke's father, Daniel, who had developed symptoms of tuberculosis. Daniel survived there and lived on until he was 68. He established a small doctor's practice in his house in Wood Lane.  His sister, Maria Tuke Sainsbury (1861–1947)—who wrote a biography of her brother after his death—was born there. William went on to study medicine but Henry, or Harry as he was called by the family, showed no interest in the profession.

Tuke was encouraged to draw and paint from an early age. Tuke and his siblings were taught by a governess at home. Maria described their childhood in Falmouth as "a very happy and healthy one" and the long summer days spent on the beach and swimming in the sea had a lasting effect on Tuke; other enduring memories were the firm friendships the young Tuke formed.

In 1874 Tuke  moved to London, where he enrolled in the Slade School of Art. It was in Falmouth that the young Tuke had been introduced to the pleasures of nude sea bathing, a habit he continued into old age. After graduating he travelled to Italy in 1880, and from 1881 to 1883 he lived in Paris, where he studied with the French history painter Jean-Paul Laurens and met the American painter John Singer Sargent (who was also a painter of male nudes, although this was little known in his lifetime).

During the 1880s Tuke also met Oscar Wilde and other prominent poets and writers such as John Addington Symonds, most of whom were homosexual (then usually called Uranian) and who celebrated the adolescent male. He wrote a "sonnet to youth" which was published anonymously in The Artist, and also contributed an essay to The Studio.

Newlyn School

In 1883, Tuke returned to Britain and moved to Newlyn, Cornwall joining a small colony of artists including Walter Langley, Albert Chevallier Tayler and Thomas Cooper Gotch. These painters, and others, became known as the Newlyn School. He worked from Rose Cottage at Tregadgwith Farm, Cornwall at the head of the Lamorna valley.

In Newlyn, in 1884, Tuke completed his first painting of boys in boats. Called Summertime, it depicts two local boys, John Wesley Kitching and John Cotton, in a punt called Little Argo. Tuke's style was more impressionistic than that of the other Newlyn painters and he only stayed a short time. However, he remained close friends with many of the artists until his death.

Falmouth

Tuke painted oil studies of young male nudes during a tour of Italy in his early twenties in 1881, but the theme did not become central to his work until after 1885, when he had moved back to Falmouth, then still a secluded part of Cornwall and a part of the country with a very mild climate that was more agreeable for nude bathing. There Tuke focused on maritime scenes and portraits, which showed boys and young men bathing, fishing and sunbathing on sunny beaches.

He settled at Swanpool and bought a fishing boat for £40, 'Julie of Nantes', and converted it into a floating studio and living quarters. He rented two rooms in Pennance Cottage, situated between Pennance Point and Swanpool Beach.

The cottage remained Tuke's permanent base until his death, although he often lived aboard boats.  Here he could indulge his passion for painting boys.  His early models were brought down from London but he soon befriended some of the local fishermen and swimmers in Falmouth who became his close friends and models. These included Edward John "Johnny" Jackett (1878–1935), Charlie Mitchell (1885–1957), who looked after Tuke's boats, Willie Sainsbury, Tuke's eldest nephew, Leo Marshall, Georgie and Richard Fouracre (sons of his housekeeper), George Williams – younger son of close neighbours, Maurice Clift – nephew of a family friend, Ainsley Marks, Jack Rolling (in some sources misspelt "Rowling"), Freddy Hall, Bert White and Harry Cleave.

Owing to Tuke's habit of interchanging heads and bodies of his models in his paintings, it is often not possible to identify each figure exactly. All of Tuke's regular models were eventually called up during the First World War, and some did not return, including Maurice Clift (a model for August Blue) who was killed in France.

Tuke established an art gallery in Falmouth with William Ayerst Ingram as a commercial outlet mainly for their own paintings.

He would often commute to London as Falmouth was well served with a railway service and he was not therefore isolated from the London art scene.  He  produced numerous portraits of society figures, local officials and members of the Tuke family circle. He also painted many more saleable landscapes and was well regarded as a painter of ships in sail. Henry Scott Tuke was elected Associate of the Royal Academy in 1900 and Royal Academician in 1914.

Style

Tuke favoured rough, visible brush strokes, at a time when a smooth, polished finish was favoured by fashionable painters and critics. He had a strong sense of colour and excelled in the depiction of natural light, particularly the soft, fragile sunlight of the English summer. Although Tuke often finished paintings in the studio, photographic evidence shows that he worked mainly in the open air, which accounts for their freshness of colour and the realistic effects of sunlight reflected by the sea and on the naked flesh of his models.

In his early paintings, Tuke placed his male nudes in  mythological contexts, but the critics found these works to be rather formal, lifeless and flaccid.  From the 1890s, Tuke abandoned mythological themes and began to paint local boys fishing, sailing, swimming and diving, and also began to paint in a more naturalistic style. His handling of paint became freer, and he began using bold, fresh colour. One of his best-known paintings from this period is August Blue (1893–94; Tate, London), a study of four mostly nude youths bathing from a boat. The Looe artist, Lindsay Symington (1872–1942), modelled for the blonde boy holding onto the boat in the water; though not a regular model, Symington was a good friend of Tuke, the latter often visiting the Symington family home, Pixies' Holt, at Dartmeet.  Tuke painted some female nudes but these were not as successful as his male nude paintings.

Tuke's paintings of nude youths are never explicitly sexual. The models' genitals are almost never shown, they are almost never in physical contact with each other, and there is never any suggestion of overt sexuality.  Most of the paintings have the nude models standing or crouching on the beach facing out to sea, so only the back view is displayed.

Tuke is also regarded as an important maritime artist. Over the years, he painted many pictures of the majestic sailing ships, mainly in watercolour, that were common until the 1930s. Tuke was often fascinated with the beauty of a fully rigged ship, and since his childhood could draw them from memory. His decision to return to Falmouth in 1885 was, in part, influenced by the constant presence of the ships there.

Tuke enjoyed a considerable reputation, and he earned enough money from his paintings to enable him to travel abroad and he painted in France, Italy and the West Indies. In 1900 a banquet was held in his honour at the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society. He was elected to the Royal Academy of Arts in 1914.

Major examples of his male nudes were purchased by major art galleries including The Bathers at Leeds Art Gallery in 1890 and August Blue at the Tate, London in 1894. But he was also well known as a portraitist, and maintained a London studio to work on his commissions. Among his best known portraits is that of soldier and writer T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia").

Death

In later life Tuke was in poor health for many years, and died in Falmouth in 1929 and  was buried in a Falmouth cemetery close to his home.  He kept a detailed diary all his life but only two volumes survived after his death and have since been published.  He also kept a detailed artist's Register which survives and has been published by the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society in Falmouth.

Legacy

After his death, Tuke's reputation faded, and he was largely forgotten until the 1970s, when he was rediscovered by the first generation of openly gay artists and art collectors. He has since become something of a cult figure in gay cultural circles, with lavish editions of his paintings published and his works fetching high prices at auctions.

Elton John is a keen collector of Tuke's works and in 2008 lent eleven of his own pieces, including works in oil, pastel and watercolour, for an exhibition in Falmouth.

Commemoration
The student halls of residence at University College Falmouth are named after Tuke, a tribute to him as both an artist, and a famous resident of the town.  At the time they were built and named, the school was known as the Falmouth College of Arts. Also in Falmouth is a collection of 279 of Tuke's works belonging to the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, the largest such collection in public ownership. The bulk were donated by a single collector in the 1960s, but the Society maintains a policy of adding to the collection.

Exhibitions and publications
In 2008, to mark the 150th anniversary of Tuke's birth, there were three exhibitions of his work:
3 May 2008 – 12 July 2008: Catching the light: the sunshine paintings of Henry Scott Tuke.
6 September 2008 – 27 September 2008: Tall ships.
10 May – 12 July 2008: Catching the Light: A Retrospective of Henry Scott Tuke, Royal Cornwall Museum, Truro
7 June – 12 July 2008: A Hidden Treasure Revealed: A selection of the works on paper by Henry Scott Tuke from the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, the Royal Cornwall Museum, Truro
21 July – 28 August 2008: Catching the Light: The Art of Henry Scott Tuke at the Fine Art Society, New Bond Street, London
7 June - 12 September 2021 Watts Gallery https://www.wattsgallery.org.uk/whats-on/henry-scott-tuke/

Collections
H.S. Tuke's works are held in a number of galleries and museums including Tate, Hunterian Art Gallery, Grundy Art Gallery, Walker Art Gallery, Leamington Spa Art Gallery & Museum, Bodleian Libraries, Royal Academy of Arts, Guildhall Art Gallery.

The papers of H.S. Tuke and Thomas Cooper Gotch are also held in the Tate Archive collections (TGA 9019). The papers in the Tate Archive provide context in which Tuke worked, not just the locations of his paintings and the relationships with his models, but his artistic allegiances such as his deep friendship with the painter Thomas Cooper Gotch.

Other works

References

Sources

 Cooper, Emmanuel (2003) The Life and Work of Henry Scott Tuke (with 35 colour and 25 monochrome plates), Heretic Books
 Falmouth Art Gallery Collection volume 6 (2005) Falmouth Tukes Falmouth Art Gallery
 Wainwright, David & Dinn, Catherine (1989) Henry Scott Tuke 1858–1929: under canvas, Sarema Press
 Wallace, Catherine (2008) Catching the Light: the art and life of Henry Scott Tuke 1858–1929, Edinburgh: Atelier Books
 Wallace, Catherine (2008) Henry Scott Tuke Paintings from Cornwall, Halsgrove  (This features paintings in the collection of the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society.)

External links

 Tuke works in Falmouth Art Gallery

1858 births
1929 deaths
19th-century English painters
20th-century English painters
Alumni of the Slade School of Fine Art
British marine artists
English Quakers
English expatriates in France
English male painters
English gay artists
English LGBT photographers
English LGBT painters
Gay painters
Gay photographers
LGBT Christians
Newlyn School of Artists
People associated with Falmouth University
People from Falmouth, Cornwall
Royal Academicians
Henry Scott
20th-century English male artists
19th-century English male artists

Henry Scott Tuke


Ivan VII. Gramatik (grčki: Ιωάννης Ζ΄ Γραμματικός, Iōannīs VII Grammatikos) bio je patrijarh Carigrada od 21. siječnja 837. do 4. ožujka 843.

Patrijarh Ivan je rođen u plemićkoj obitelji armenskog podrijetla kao sin Pankratiosa Morocharzaniosa i njegove žene nepoznata imena. Ivanova sestra je bila majka kasnijeg patrijarha Focija.

Ivan je isprva bio sklon čašćenju ikona te je sam bio uključen u njihovu izradu. Ipak, kasnije je postao ikonoklast te ga je bizantski car Leon V. izabrao za vođenje skupa svećenika koji su se također protivili izradi ikona. Ivan je tako postao opat manastira Srđa i Baha te kasnije tutor princa Teofila, sina cara Mihaela II. Nakon što je Teofil zavladao, Ivan je postao synkellos (patrijarhov pomoćnik). Ivan je postao patrijarh 21. siječnja 837. (kao nasljednik Antonija I. Carigradskog) te je bio na tom položaju sve dok ga nije maknula carica Teodora, Teofilova udovica. Ivana je naslijedio patrijarh Metodije I.

Izvori i bilješke

Carigradski patrijarsi

Ivan VII. Carigradski