Forest Green Rovers Football Club is a professional football club based in Nailsworth, Gloucestershire, England, that compete in EFL League Two, the fourth tier of English football. They have played their home games at The New Lawn since 2006, when they moved from their original home at The Lawn Ground.

Formed in October 1889, the club became founder members of the Mid Gloucestershire League five years later. Competing in various local league competitions for much of the 20th century, they won a multitude of league titles: the Dursley & District League (1902–03), the Stroud and District Football League (1911–12 and 1920–21), the Stroud Premier League (1934–35, 1935–36 and 1936–37), the North Gloucestershire League (1920–21 and 1921–22), and the Gloucestershire Northern Senior League (1937–38, 1949–50 and 1950–51). They became founder members of the Gloucestershire County League in 1968, before they were moved up to the Premier Division of the Hellenic League seven years later.

Forest Green won the Hellenic League in the 1981–82 season and lifted the FA Vase after beating Rainworth Miners Welfare in the final at Wembley. They spent the next 13 years in the Midland Division of the Southern League, and briefly competed under the name Stroud F.C. Reverting to the name Forest Green Rovers, the club won successive Southern League Southern Division and Premier Division titles in 1996–97 and 1997–98, winning promotion into the Conference. Reaching the 1999 FA Trophy final, which they lost, they became the first club to reach the finals of both the FA Vase and FA Trophy. They also reached the 2001 FA Trophy final, which again they lost. Twice reprieved from relegation from the Conference National due to the demotion of other clubs, the club was transformed following investment from green energy industrialist Dale Vince in 2010.

Under Vince's chairmanship Forest Green became the world's first vegan football club in 2015, and the New Lawn was installed with numerous eco-friendly innovations. Investment in the playing squad saw the club compete for promotion into the English Football League, which they achieved with victory in the 2017 National League play-offs, having been beaten in the semi-finals in 2015 and in the 2016 final. Forest Green were then promoted to League One in 2022 for the first time in their history, following an EFL League Two title win. They were relegated after one season.

History

Local and county leagues
The club was established in 1889 by Rev. E.J.H. Peach, representing the Forest Green area of Nailsworth. The name Rovers was adopted in 1893, and the following year the club were founder member of the Mid-Gloucestershire League. Their first home league match on 6 October was a 1–1 draw with Brimscombe, and the club went on to finish the 1894–95 season in third place. Nailsworth had become an urban district in 1894 and there was an effort to ensure the town was represented by a football team. As a result, the club was renamed Nailsworth Association Football Club and many members of the original team were replaced by players from Nailsworth, although they continued to play at the original Lawn Ground in Forest Green. However, the club withdrew from the league during the 1896–97 season.

The club was re-established in 1898 under the Forest Green Rovers name, and absorbed Nailsworth Thursday shortly afterwards. They joined both Division One of the Mid-Gloucestershire League and also the Dursley & District League for the 1899–1900 season. The Mid-Gloucestershire League folded in 1901, with Forest Green left playing in the Dursley & District League. In 1902–03 they joined the new Stroud & District League, also continuing in the Dursley & District League. In the Stroud & District League they finished as runners-up to Brimscombe, whilst in the Dursley & District League they finished joint top of the table with Stonehouse after being awarded the points from an unplayed match against Chalford. As a result, a play-off match was held to decide the championship, with over 1,000 spectators watching Forest Green win 2–1 in extra time. In 1906–07 they finished bottom of the Stroud & District League with zero points (although they had won one game, they had two points deducted for fielding an ineligible player). They withdrew from the Dursley & District League in 1908.

In 1911 Forest Green merged with Nailsworth to form Nailsworth & Forest Green United, continuing to play at the Lawn Ground and in the Stroud & District League; the new club won the league, losing only one match all season. They entered a team into the Dursley & District League in 1912–13, but withdrew from the Stroud & District League after only four matches. After World War I the club rejoined the league and the 1919–20 season saw them finish joint top of the table with Chalford and Stonehouse. The league subsequently held a draw to decide the championship, with Forest Green drawn against Stonehouse in a semi-final, with the winner to play Chalford for the title. However, Stonehouse beat Forest Green 3–2 in the semi-final match. In 1920 the club also entered a team into the North Gloucestershire League and went on to win both leagues, as well as the Northern Junior Cup. They repeated the double league championship the following season. They were founder members of the Gloucestershire Northern Senior League in 1922, but left the league at the end of the 1922–23 season to return to the Stroud & District League.

Forest Green finished as runners-up in 1924–25 and 1925–26, before rejoining the Gloucestershire Northern Senior League in 1926. They went on to finish as runners-up in 1926–27 before leaving the league again to play in the new Stroud Premier League. After finishing fourth in the league, the club returned to the Northern Senior League at the end of the season, although they also kept a team in the Stroud Premier League. The club withdrew from the Stroud Premier League in 1930, the league for a third time in 1934, rejoining the Stroud Premier League. They were Stroud Premier League champions for three successive seasons in 1934–35, 1935–36 and 1936–37, before re-entering the Northern Senior League in 1937. They went on to win the league title in 1937–38. After finishing as runners-up in 1948–49, they won successive league titles in 1949–50 and 1950–51. Although the club finished as runners-up in 1952–53, they were relegated to Division Two at the end of the 1954–55 season. However, they were Division Two champions the following season, and were promoted back to Division One. Forest Green were amongst the founders of the Gloucestershire County League in 1968, where they played until moving up to the Premier Division of the Hellenic League in 1975 under the management of Peter Goring.

Regional leagues
Forest Green's first season in the Hellenic League Premier Division saw them finish fourth. Although they then spent two seasons in lower mid-table, a third-place finish in 1978–79 was the start of a successful four years, culminating in the 1981–82 season, in which they won the Hellenic League and reached the final of the FA Vase. At Wembley they defeated Rainworth Miners Welfare 3–0 to win the trophy. At the end of the season the club were promoted to the Midland Division of the Southern League. Although they finished third in their first season in the new league, the next six seasons were spent in mid-table.

In 1989, the club was renamed Stroud Football Club. Another season in mid-table was followed by two in which they finished in the bottom five. They also participated in the Welsh Cup for four seasons, reaching the quarter finals in 1990–91 where they were defeated by the eventual runners-up Wrexham. After reverting to their original name, the club continued to struggle in the league until they were transferred to the Southern Division in 1995. After finishing eighth under Frank Gregan in 1995–96, they won the division the following season, earning promotion to the Premier Division of the Southern League. The 1997–98 season saw them win the Southern League Premier Division, securing a second successive promotion and entry to the Football Conference.

Conference, Football League and promotion to League One
In Forest Green's first season in the Conference they finished twelfth, as well as reaching the final of the FA Trophy, becoming the first team to play in the final of both the FA Vase and the FA Trophy. However, they lost 1–0 to Kingstonian. The following season saw another first as the club reached the first round of the FA Cup for the first time; after beating Guiseley 6–0 in the first round, they lost 3–0 at home to Torquay United in the second. In November 2000 Gregan was replaced as manager by former England international Nigel Spink; the club reached the FA Trophy final again at the end of the season, losing 1–0 to Canvey Island.

In 2004–05 Forest Green finished in the relegation zone, but were reprieved after Northwich Victoria were demoted due to issues with their stadium. In 2007–08 the club defeated Football League opposition in the FA Cup for the first time, beating Rotherham United 3–0 in a first round replay, before losing 3–2 at Swindon Town. The following season saw them reach the third round of the Cup for the first time, beating Team Bath and then Rochdale to set a third round tie at home to Derby County which they lost 4–3 in front of a record crowd of 4,836. Another third round appearance in 2009–10 ended with a 2–1 defeat at Notts County.

The 2009–10 season saw Forest Green finish in the relegation zone, but another reprieve from relegation was won when Salisbury City were expelled for breaking financial rules. The club was then taken over by Ecotricity founder Dale Vince; Vince set out plans to make the club more eco-friendly, including removing red meat from players' diets, stopping selling meat products in the ground and treating the pitch with organic fertiliser.

Forest Green finished fifth in the Conference in 2014–15, qualifying for the promotion play-offs; they went on to lose 3–0 on aggregate to Bristol Rovers in the semi-finals. The following season saw them finish as runners-up in the renamed National League, their highest-ever league position; in the subsequent play-offs they defeated Dover Athletic 2–1 in the semi-finals, before losing 3–1 to Grimsby Town in the final at Wembley. A third consecutive play-off campaign was secured with a third-place finish in 2016–17. After beating Dagenham & Redbridge 3–1 in the semi-finals, the club defeated Tranmere Rovers by the same scoreline in the final at Wembley, earning promotion to League Two. This made Nailsworth the smallest town ever to host a Football League club and ended a 19 season long run in the National League without promotion, the longest consecutive period since promotion to the English Football League began.

The 2018–19 season saw them finish fifth in League Two. They went on to lose 2–1 to Tranmere Rovers in the play-off semi-finals. Another play-off campaign in 2020–21 saw them lose 5–4 on aggregate to Newport County.

In 2021–22 they secured an automatic promotion spot to League One after a draw against Bristol Rovers, and clinched the title following a 2–2 draw away at Mansfield Town. They won their first League One game, defeating Bristol Rovers 2–1 away thanks to a late goal. At the end of the 2022–23 season, Rovers were relegated back to League Two.

Green credentials
In 2018 Forest Green Rovers became the first football club in the world to be certified carbon neutral under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) initiative Climate Neutral Now.

The United Nations has recognised Forest Green Rovers as the world's first carbon-neutral football club and it was described by FIFA as the "greenest team in the world".

In September 2020, fullback Héctor Bellerín became the second-largest shareholder in the club.

On 2 August 2021, Forest Green Rovers announced a new partnership with clean energy and electric vehicle YouTube channel, Fully Charged and named their pitch accordingly to The Fully Charged New Lawn.

Colours and crest
The previous club badge was very similar to the FC Barcelona badge. The flag of St. George appeared on both badges, showing his links to England as well as Catalonia. Rovers' home kit for many years was a black and white striped shirt with black shorts.

In May 2011, the club released a consultation for supporters inviting opinions on the club's decision to change its badge. The new badge was used from the beginning of the 2011–12 season.

On 2 July 2012, it was announced that the club would change its home strip from its traditional black and white stripes to a lime green shirt with black shorts and socks. The decision to move away from the traditional black and white stripes proved controversial with many supporters. The away strip was also changed to an all-white kit with the dates '1899–2012' near the neckline of the kit to indicate the years when the club first played in an all-white kit and the decision to bring it back in 2012.

In the summer of 2014 the home strip was changed to lime green and black stripes on the front, with a plain green back, green shorts and black and green striped socks in order to align with sponsor Ecotricity's marketing colours. On 19 August 2014, the new away strip was announced, which would be a modern version of the traditional home strip of black and white striped shirt, black shorts and red socks.

In 2021, the team became the first in the world to play in a football kit made from a composite material consisting of recycled plastic and coffee grounds.

Rivalries
Gloucestershire rivals Cheltenham Town are seen as the club's main rivals. Fixtures between the two sides are humorously named El Glosico, a play-on-words of the famous El Clásico fixture.

During the club's years in the non-League pyramid, the club maintained local rivalries with Gloucester City, and Bath City. However, following Rovers' promotion to the EFL in 2017, these rivalries are no longer competed.

Smaller rivalries have since developed with Bristol Rovers and Newport County.

Stadium

The club initially played at a ground 'at the top of the hill' in Forest Green known as the Lawn Ground. They moved to a ground in Nailsworth in 1924, but returned to the Lawn in 1927 after it was upgraded with a boundary wall and entrance gates. At the start of the 2006–07 season the club moved to the New Lawn.

The Sustainability in Sport terrace is at the north end of the ground. This terrace was the location for away fans and had previously housed home supporters which it has reverted to. A decision by the club at the end of the 2012–13 season saw the areas in which home and away fans were housed at the ground switched with home fans reverting to the EESI Stand at the opposite end of the ground which was converted from seating to a standing terrace. Subsequently, away fans have been accommodated in the West side of the ground. The East Stand is the largest-capacity stand at the ground and is a seated stand that contains seven boxes, the 'Green Man' public house, gym, dance studio and conference and leisure facilities. The western side of the ground is an open terrace now the area for away fans with a small covered seating area. Although the stadium can hold 5,147 fans, the highest league attendance recorded at the venue so far was 3,781 in a Conference Premier fixture against Bristol Rovers. However, the highest all-time attendance was 4,836 for an FA Cup third round tie at home to Championship side Derby County. The usual attendance was between 1,300 and 1,800 for National League fixtures.

In June 2011, the club began work on making the stadium environmentally friendly following the arrival of new owner and green energy entrepreneur Dale Vince. This included developing an entirely organic pitch. In December 2011, 180 solar panels were installed on the roof of the EESI stand, helping the club generate 10% of the electricity needed to run the stadium. In April 2012, Forest Green introduced the first robot lawn mower to be used by a British football club on to its playing surface. This followed a previous robot mower that had been in service at the club's former ground. The Etesia robot mower – known as a 'mow bot' – uses GPS technology to guide it round the pitch without the need for human intervention and gathers power from the solar panels at the stadium. In December 2012, the club beat 200 other nominees to first prize in the Institute of Groundsmanship awards in the sustainability and environmental category for its organic pitch and the environmental aspects at The New Lawn.

Eco Park

On 3 November 2016, the club announced the winning design for a proposed 5,000 seat new stadium to be built within the Eco Park complex beside Junction 13 of the M5 in Gloucestershire, 1.5 miles west of the town of Stonehouse (and 8.5 miles northwest of their spiritual home of Nailsworth). The design is for a stadium made almost entirely of wood, including the roof cantilevers. It will be able to be increased in size to 10,000 capacity depending on the club's success. The plans were initially rejected by the planning authorities in June 2019 but revised plans were approved later that year. The English Football League gave their consent to the stadium in February 2021. It is intended that the new stadium will have the lowest carbon footprint of any stadium in the world. Vince hoped that the club would be able to play games at the stadium within "three or four years".

Current squad

Out on loan

Coaching staff
Source:

Managerial history

Honours and achievements
Forest Green Rovers's honours include the following:

League
 League Two (level 4)
Champions: 2021–22
 National League (level 5)
Play-off winners: 2017
 Southern League (level 6)
Champions: 1997–98
 Southern League Southern (level 7)
Champions: 1996–97
 Hellenic League
Champions: 1981–82

Cup
 FA Trophy
Runners-up: 1998–99, 2000–01
 Conference League Cup
Runners-up: 2008–09
 FA Vase
Winners: 1981–82

Minor
 Gloucestershire Senior Cup: 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87, 2015–16
Gloucestershire Northern Senior League: 1937–38, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1976–77
Division Two: 1955–56, 1969–70, 1975–76
Gloucestershire Northern Amateur Cup: 1920–21, 1926–27, 1945–46, 1971–72, 1975–76, 1977–78
Junior Cup: 1958–59, 1965–66, 1969–70
Stroud & District League: 1911–12, 1920–21, 1921–22, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1936–37, 1945–46, 1953–54, 1958–59
Division 2: 1938–39
Division 3: 1920–21, 1921–22, 1925–26,
North Gloucestershire League: 1920–21, 1921–22
Division 2: 1921–22
Dursley & District League: 1902–03, 1931–32, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1936–37
Severn League: 1931–32, 1938–39
 Stroud Charity Cup: 1922–23, 1926–27, 1929–30, 1932–33, 1935–36, 1936–37, 1937–38, 1945–46, 1952–53, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1973–74
 Junior Cup: 1957–58, 1958–59, 1973–74
 Berkeley Hospital Cup: 1969–70, 1970–71, 1974–75
 David Russell Memorial Trophy: 1987–88

Records
Best league position: 24th in League One, 2022–23
Best FA Cup performance: Third round, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2022–23
Best EFL Cup performance: Second round, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2021–22, 2022–23
Best Welsh Cup performance: Quarter-finals, 1990–91
Record attendance: 4,836 vs. Derby County, FA Cup third round, 3 January 2009
Biggest victory: 18–1 vs. Dursley, Stroud League, March 1946
Heaviest defeat: 10–0 vs. Gloucester City, Mid-Gloucestershire League, 13 January 1900
Most appearances: 295 - Alex Sykes
Most goals: 73 - Alex Sykes
Record transfer fee paid: £25,000 to Bury for Adrian Randall
Record transfer fee received: £350,000 from Hibernian for Christian Doidge

International capped players

Bold denotes player still actively playing international football

In November 2022, former Forest Green Rovers players, Kieffer Moore and Robert Sánchez were named in the Wales and Spain squads respectively for the 2022 World Cup. They are the first and only former Rovers players to play in a World Cup.

References

External links

Forest Green Rovers at BBC Sport
Forest Green Rovers at GSA

1889 establishments in England
Association football clubs established in 1889
English Football League clubs
Environmental organisations based in England
Football clubs in England
Football clubs in Gloucestershire

Gloucestershire County Football League
Gloucestershire Northern Senior League
Hellenic Football League
Nailsworth
National League (English football) clubs
Southern Football League clubs
Stroud and District Football League
Vegan organizations

Forest Green Rovers F.C.


С هو الحرف الثامن عشر في البلغارية، والتاسع عشر في الروسية، الواحد والعشرون في السيريلية الصربية. شبيه بالحرف اللاتيني <C>، أي إنه واحد من الحروف السيريلية المشاركة في الشكل حروف لاتينية لكنها تصرح بطريقة مختلفة.

نظير هذا الحرف بالعربية هو الحرف <س>، عدا عند تلحق بحرف علة تذوقي فإنها تنطق <سي> (مثال الكلمة الروسية сера <سيرا> أي الكبريت.)

ينحدر هذا الحرف من الحرف اليوناني سيغما أي تحديدا لونيت سيجما، المستعملة في فترات العصور الوسطى لدى اليونان، وليس لدية أي ارتباط بالحرف اللاتيني C، الذي أتى من الحرف گاما؛ وعلى كل، العديد من اللغات (والأسباب مختلفة) تستعمل الحرف C بنفس استعمال الحرف س، وخاصة قبل الحروف i وe (كما في الفرنسية، الإنجليزية، الإسبانية).

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 Ц
 S
 سيغما
 غاما

حروف سيريلية

С


Ormoško jezero umjetno je akumulacijsko jezero na rijeci Dravi, jugoistočno od Ormoža na granici Slovenije i Hrvatske. Nastalo je 1975. godine za potrebe hidroelektrane Varaždin do koje se voda dovodi obilaznim kanalom. Jedno je od najvećih akumulacijskih jezera u Sloveniji, nešto manje od polovice površine pripada Sloveniji, a ostatak Hrvatskoj. Granica između dviju država na ovom mjestu još uvijek prati nekadašnji tok Drave prije brane.

Zbog prirodnog zarastanja obala, jezero i danas napuštene lagune od velike su važnosti kao staništa ptica močvarica. Neke ptice koriste gnijezdilište, druge kao zimovalište ili samo stanište tijekom seobe.

Općina Ormož 1992. godine zaštitila je slovenski dio kao rezervat prirode, koji je nekoliko godina kasnije preuzela Vlada Republike Slovenije. Od 2017. na tom je području i Prirodni rezervat Ormoška laguna, koji je danas u vlasništvu Društva za promatranje i proučavanje ptica Slovenije.

Izvori

Varaždinska županija
Umjetna jezera u Hrvatskoj
Jezera u Sloveniji
Umjetna jezera

Ormoško jezero


L'Irbis-E (Léopard des neiges) est un système radar russe multimode hybride à antenne à balayage électronique passive développé par Tikhomirov NIIP pour le Su-35 avion de chasse polyvalent. Le NIIP a développé le radar Irbis-E à partir du système N011M Bars radar utilisé sur les avions Soukhoï Su-30MKI.

Conception
Le développement d'Irbis-E a commencé en 2004 et le premier prototype de radar est entré dans les essais en vol à bord d'un avion Su-30M2 servant de banc d'essai au début de 2007. Le système radar résultant fournit des liaisons air-air, air-mer et air- au sol (cartographie au sol, modes Doppler beam sharpening et Synthetic Aperture Radar) avec des performances améliorées dans les environnements clutter (radar) intenses par rapport à son prédécesseur, le système Bars. De plus, Irbis a été conçu pour détecter les menaces aériennes observables/furtives faibles et très faibles.

Bibliographie

Notes et références

Radar militaire russe
Radar aéronautique

Irbis-E


Les maladies infectieuses humaines peuvent être caractérisées par leur taux de létalité (en anglais: Case Fatality Rate CFR), la proportion de personnes diagnostiquées avec une maladie qui en meurent (cf. taux de mortalité). Il ne doit pas être confondu avec le taux de létalité de l'infection (en anglais: Infection Fatality Rate IFR), la proportion estimée de personnes infectées par un agent pathogène, y compris les infections asymptomatiques et non diagnostiquées, qui meurent de la maladie. L'IFR ne peut pas être supérieur au CFR et est souvent beaucoup plus bas, mais il est également beaucoup plus difficile à calculer. Les données sont basées sur des patients traités de manière optimale et excluent les cas isolés ou les épidémies mineures, sauf indication contraire.

Tableau

Notes et références

Source de traduction

Voir aussi
 Liste des maladies infectieuses
 Taux de mortalité
 Liste des maladies à déclaration obligatoire – maladies qui doivent être signalées aux responsables de la santé publique.

Mortalité
Épidémiologie
Liste de maladies

Liste de maladies humaines par taux de létalité


Den fremmede Mor (originaltitel Min and Bill) er en amerikansk dramakomedie fra 1930, instrueret af George W. Hill.

Manuskriptet blev skrevet af Frances Marion og Marion Jackson, baseret på romanen Dark Star af Lorna Moon.
Filmen havde Marie Dressler og Wallace Beery i hovedrollerne. Dressler vandt en Oscar for bedste kvindelige hovedrolle for sin rolle i filmen.

Referencer

Eksterne Henvisninger

Dramafilm fra USA
Amerikanske film fra 1930
Engelsksprogede film
Sort-hvide film fra USA

Den fremmede Mor


Minareli, Antalya ilinin Akseki ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin tarihi kesin olarak bilinmemektedir ama 600 yıllık olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Akseki civarında ilk minarenin buraya yapılmasından dolayı "Minareli" adını almıştır.

Coğrafya
Antalya iline 150 km, Akseki ilçesine 23 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
YerelNET

Akseki'nin mahalleleri

Minareli, Akseki


Playboy, hayatın zevklerini tadacak bol zamanı olan ve iyi yaşamayı seven, çapkın ve çok eşli varlıklı erkekleri anlatan terim. Modern Don Juan veya Casanova.
"Playboy" ayrıca şu anlamlara da gelebilir:

 Playboy (dergi), ABD'de 1953'ten beri çıkan aylık erkek dergisi.
 Playboy (The Marvelettes albümü), Amerikalı kızlar grubu "The Marvelettes"in üçüncü albümleri.
 The Playboys, Gillies MacKinnon'un 1992'de yönettiği sinema filmi.

Playboy (anlam ayrımı)


Det franske Ostindiske kompagni (fransk: Compagnie française des Indes orientales) var et fransk handelsselskab stiftet i 1664 for at konkurrere med det britiske og det nederlandske ostindiakompani.

Selskapet blev udtænkt og planlagt af finansminister Jean Baptiste Colbert og iværksat af kong Ludvig XIV for at drive handel på den østlige halvkugle. Den første generaldirektør var François Caron, som havde arbejdet 30 år for Det nederlandske Ostindiske kompagni, herunder 20 år i Japan.

Det franske Ostindiske kompagni mislykkedes i bestræbelserne på at grundlægge en koloni på Madagaskar, men oprettede havne på de nærliggende øer Bourbon og Île-de-France (senere Réunion og Mauritius). I 1719 var selskabet aktivt i Indien, men det nærmede sig konkurs. Samme år blev det underlagt John Law sammen med andre handelskompagnier for at danne Compagnie Perpétuelle des Indes. Selskabet genvandt sin selvstændighed i 1723.

Da det mogulske kejserrige stod for fald, bestemte franskmændene sig for at gå ind i Indiens politiske affærer for at beskytte sine interesser, herunder ved at indgå alliancer med lokale ledere i Sydindien. Fra 1741 fulgte franskmændene under generalguvernør Joseph François Dupleix en aggressiv linje mod inderne og briterne, indtil de blev nedkæmpet af Robert Clive.

Kompagniet var ikke i stand til at holde sig gående uden økonomisk støtte og blev nedlagt i 1769, få år før den franske revolution. Flere indiske handelshavne, herunder Pondicherry og Chandernagore, forblev under fransk kontrol inntil 1949.

Ostindiske kompagni
Etableret i 1664
Ophørt i 1769

Det franske ostindiske kompagni


Nera har flere betydninger:
 Nera (flod i Italien) – en biflod til Tiberen
 Nera (flod i Rumænien) – en biflod til Donau
 Nera (flod i Rusland) – en biflod til Indigirka i Republikken Sakha

Nera


තාක්‍ෂණය
නඩුව සමඟ වාෂ්ප ටර්බයිනයක් විවෘත විය.  එවැනි ටර්බයින අද භාවිතා කරන විදුලියෙන් වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයක් නිපදවයි.  විදුලිබල පරිභෝජනය සහ ජීවන තත්වයන් බෙහෙවින් සහසම්බන්ධ වේ.  විදුලිය 20 වන සියවසේ වැදගත්ම ඉංජිනේරු ජයග්‍රහණය ලෙස විශ්වාස කෙරේ.
 තාක්‍ෂණය ("ශිල්ප විද්‍යාව", ග්‍රීක from, තාක්‍ෂණය, "කලාව, කුසලතාව, කපටි අතින්"; සහ -λογία, -ලොජියා [2]) යනු නිෂ්පාදනයේ භාවිතා වන ශිල්පීය ක්‍රම, කුසලතා, ක්‍රම සහ ක්‍රියාවලීන්ගේ එකතුවයි.  භාණ්ඩ හෝ සේවා හෝ විද්‍යාත්මක විමර්ශනය වැනි අරමුණු සාක්ෂාත් කර ගැනීමේදී.  තාක්‍ෂණය යනු ශිල්පීය ක්‍රම, ක්‍රියාවලි සහ ඒ හා සමාන දැනුම විය හැකිය, නැතහොත් ඒවායේ ක්‍රියාකාරිත්වය පිළිබඳ සවිස්තරාත්මක දැනුමක් නොමැතිව ක්‍රියාත්මක වීමට ඉඩ සැලසෙන පරිදි යන්ත්‍රවල කාවැද්දිය හැකිය.  පද්ධති (උදා. යන්ත්‍ර) යෙදවුම් ලබා ගැනීමෙන් තාක්‍ෂණය යෙදවීම, පද්ධතියේ භාවිතයට අනුව එය වෙනස් කිරීම සහ ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලබා ගැනීම තාක්‍ෂණික පද්ධති හෝ තාක්‍ෂණික පද්ධති ලෙස හැඳින්වේ.

 තාක්ෂණයේ සරලම ආකාරය වන්නේ මූලික මෙවලම් සංවර්ධනය කිරීම හා භාවිතා කිරීමයි.  ගින්න පාලනය කරන්නේ කෙසේද යන්න පිළිබඳ ප්‍රාග්ඓතිහාසික සොයාගැනීම හා පසුකාලීන නව ශිලා විප්ලවය මගින් පවතින ආහාර ප්‍රභවයන් වැඩි වූ අතර රෝදය සොයා ගැනීම මිනිසුන්ට ඔවුන්ගේ පරිසරය තුළ ගමන් කිරීමට සහ පාලනය කිරීමට උපකාරී විය.  මුද්‍රණාලය, දුරකථනය සහ අන්තර්ජාලය ඇතුළු  ඓතිහාසික කාලවල සිදු වූ වර්ධනයන් සන්නිවේදනය සඳහා භෞතික බාධක අඩු කර ඇති අතර මිනිසුන්ට ගෝලීය පරිමාණයෙන් නිදහසේ කටයුතු කිරීමට ඉඩ ලබා දී ඇත.

 තාක්ෂණයට බොහෝ බලපෑම් ඇත.  එය වඩාත් දියුණු ආර්ථිකයන් (වර්තමාන ගෝලීය ආර්ථිකය ඇතුළුව) සංවර්ධනය කිරීමට උපකාරී වී ඇති අතර විවේක පන්තියක නැගීමට ඉඩ දී තිබේ.  බොහෝ තාක්‍ෂණික ක්‍රියාවලීන් මගින් පරිසර දූෂණය ලෙස හඳුන්වන අනවශ්‍ය අතුරු නිෂ්පාදන නිපදවන අතර පෘථිවි පරිසරයට අහිතකර ලෙස ස්වාභාවික සම්පත් ක්ෂය වේ.  නවෝත්පාදනයන් සැමවිටම සමාජයක සාරධර්ම කෙරෙහි බලපෑම් ඇති කර ඇති අතර තාක්‍ෂණයේ ආචාර ධර්ම පිළිබඳ නව ප්‍රශ්න මතු කර තිබේ.  මානව ඵලදායිතාව අනුව කාර්යක්ෂමතාව පිළිබඳ සංකල්පයේ නැගීම සහ ජෛව විද්‍යාවේ අභියෝග ඊට උදාහරණ වේ.

 තාක්‍ෂණය භාවිතා කිරීම සම්බන්ධයෙන් දාර්ශනික විවාදයන් පැන නැගී ඇති අතර තාක්‍ෂණය මානව තත්ත්වය වැඩිදියුණු කරනවාද නැත්නම් එය නරක අතට හැරේද යන්න පිළිබඳව මතභේද පවතී.  නව-ලුඩිස්වාදය, අරාජික-ප්‍රාථමිකවාදය සහ ඒ හා සමාන ප්‍රතිගාමී ව්‍යාපාරයන් තාක්‍ෂණයේ ව්‍යාප්තිය විවේචනය කරන අතර එය පරිසරයට හානි කරන බවත් මිනිසුන් en ත් කරන බවත් තර්ක කරයි;  පාරභෞතිකවාදය සහ තාක්‍ෂණික ප්‍රගතිශීලිත්වය වැනි දෘෂ්ටිවාදයන්ගේ යෝජකයින් අඛණ්ඩව තාක්‍ෂණික ප්‍රගතිය සමාජයට හා මානව තත්වයට ප්‍රයෝජනවත් යැයි සිතති.

තාක්‍ෂණය


VfB Friedrichshafen (skraćno od Verein für Bewegungsspiele Friedrichshafen) njemačko je športsko društvo iz Friedrichshafena.

Osnovano je 1909. godine i broji odjeljenja u više športskih grana. Najuspješnija je odbojkaška momčad.

Odjeli
 Momčadski športovi s loptom: nogomet, rukomet, košarka, odbojka i kuglanje.
 Športovi s reketom: tenis, stolni tenis ibadminton.
 Borilački športovi: boks, karate, hrvanje i taekwondo.
 Ostali športovi: planinarenje, atletika, dizanje utega, mačevanje i rolanje.

Vanjske poveznice
 Službene stranice društva

Friedrichshafen
Friedrichshafen

VfB Friedrichshafen


Maria Zennström (* 1962 in Stockholm) ist eine schwedische Schriftstellerin, Kritikerin, Regisseurin  und Drehbuchautorin.

Leben
Zennström wuchs in Stockholm als Tochter eines schwedischen Vaters und einer russischen Mutter auf. In den 1980er Jahren lebte sie für fast zehn Jahre im sowjetischen Leningrad. Nach einer Ausbildung an der Filmhochschule in Moskau beschäftigte sie sich mit Spielfilmen. Mit ihrem Erstlingswerk Katarinas sovjetiska upplevelser (deutsch: Katarinas sowjetische Erlebnisse) rückte Zennström 2001 ins Zentrum der Öffentlichkeit.
Zurzeit lebt sie in Stockholm und arbeitet als Autorin, Kritikerin und Schreibkursdozentin. Seit 2009 ist sie Redaktionsmitglied der Zeitschrift Kritiker. Sie schrieb aber nicht nur Prosa, sondern auch ein Radiodrama. 2011 wurde der Kurzfilm Leningrads sista dagar (deutsch: Leningrads letzte Tage) veröffentlicht, in dem sie nicht nur Regie führte, sondern auch als Produzentin und Drehbuchautorin agierte.

Ihr Schreib- und Sprachstil wurde von ihrer Ausbildung zur Filmregisseurin und ihrem Aufenthalt in Russland geprägt. Daneben erwächst ihre Inspiration aus Treffen und Gesprächen mit verschiedensten Menschen. Orientierung findet und fand sie in Lars Ahlins und Rainer Maria Rilkes ernsthafter, schwerer und leichter Sprache sowie in Fjodor Michailowitsch Dostojewskis Humor. Ebenso bewundert sie Birgitta Trotzig.

Werke

Romane
 Katarinas sovjetiska upplevelser, 2001
 Hur ser ett liv ut om man inte har tillräckligt med kärlek?, 2010

Drehbücher
 Leningrads sista dagar, 2011

Preise und Auszeichnungen
 Kalleberger-Stipendium 2001
 Debütpreis der Boråser Zeitung 2002
 Literaturpreis der Zeitung Aftonbladet 2010

Weblinks

 Kurzbiografie des Bonnier-Verlags (schwedisch), abgerufen am 15. März 2012

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Drehbuchautor
Filmregisseur
Kritiker
Literatur (Schwedisch)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Lyrik
Schwede
Geboren 1962
Frau

Maria Zennström


ඹබට අවැසි ලිපිය තෝරාගන්න
 පොළොන්නරුව පරිපාලන දිස්ත්‍රික්කය
 පොළොන්නරුව මැතිවරණ දිස්ත්‍රික්කය
 පොළොන්නරුව සෞඛ්‍ය දිස්ත්‍රික්කය

පොළොන්නරුව දිස්ත්‍රික්කය


Obrtničko dvorište u Nürnbergu (njem. Handwerkerhof Nürnberg) gradska je turistička atrakcija smještena na prostoru negdašnje oružarnice (njem. Waffenhof): dvorište je uređeno između Kraljevih vrata (njem. Königstor) – današnjega glavnog ulaza u stari grad, i Ženskih vrata (njem. Frauentor) – negdašnjega glavnog ulaza na jugoistočnoj strani gradskih zidina, nasuprot željezničkoga kolodvora. Srednjovjekovnom ugođaju toga "gradića usred velegrada" osobito doprinose uske uličice, male trgovine i starinske obrtničke radionice.

Povijest
Obrtničko dvorište u Nürnbergu osmišljeno je potkraj 1970. i stvoreno 1971. godine u povodu 500-te obljetnice rođenja slavnoga nürnberškog likovnog umjetnika i matematičara Albrechta Dürera. Tim su projektom gradske vlasti ujedno željele potvrditi i reputaciju Nürnberga kao grada obrtnika.

Helmuth Könicke, utemeljitelj i negdašnji šef tvrtke AFAG, pripremio je i sa svojim suradnicima u vrlo kratkom roku razradio projektni plan izgradnje Obrtničkoga dvorišta, koji su potom odobrile gradske vlasti i Ured za zaštitu spomenika (njem. Denkmalschutzamt). S relativno skromnim proračunom od tadašnjih 800 000 njemačkih maraka, na mjestu negdašnje oružarnice unutar starih gradskih zidina obnovljena je postojeća povijesna građevinska struktura, sagrađene nove kućice sa stiliziranim starinskim pročeljima i vidljivim drvenim gredama, radionice i ugostiteljski objekti u kojima se posjetiteljima nude tradicijski specijaliteti franakonijskoga kulinarstva. U slikovitim replikama drevnih obrtničkih radionica svoje su obrte smjestili npr. limari, kožari, staklari i stakloslikari, lončari, zlatari, svijećari, medičari i nadaleko poznati nürnberški izrađivači limenih igračaka.

Obrtničko je dvorište u Nürnbergu za javnost svečano otvoreno 1. travnja 1971. godine. Oduševljenje domaćih i stranih posjetitelja nadmašilo je sva očekivanja gradskih vlasti, koje su stoga odlučile Obrtničko dvorište ostaviti otvorenim i nakon završetka tzv. Dürerove godine.

Galerija

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Sestrinski projekti

Mrežna mjesta
 Nürnberg.de – Handwerkerhof Nürnberg, službene mrežne stranice
 YouTube: Handwerkerhof Nürnberg

Nürnberg
Njemačke turističke atrakcije

Obrtničko dvorište u Nürnbergu


Joshua Slocum (d. 20 Şubat 1844, ö. 14 Kasım 1909) Kanada asıllı Amerikalı denizci, gezgin ve yazar.

Dünyayı The Spray adlı teknesiyle tek başına dolaşan ilk kişidir. Yaklaşık 74,000 km ve üç yıldan fazla süren yolculuğu 1898 yılında bitirdi. Kendi yazdığı anıları 1899 yılında Sailing Alone Around the World adlı kitapla yayınlandı.

Kolombiya ve Venezuela arasında paylaşılan Orinoco Nehri'nde 1909 yılında kaybolan Slocum, tüm aramalara rağmen bulunamayınca 1924 yılında karısı tarafından hukuken ölmüş sayılacağı ilan edildi.

1844 doğumlular
1909 yılında ölenler
Amerikalı denizciler
Amerikalı kâşifler
19. yüzyıl Amerikalı yazarları
20. yüzyıl Amerikalı yazarları
Kanada asıllı Amerikalılar

Joshua Slocum


Mašková (ungarisch Maskófalva – bis 1907 Maskova) ist eine Gemeinde im Süden Slowakei mit  Einwohnern (Stand ). Sie gehört zum Okres Lučenec, einem Kreis des Banskobystrický kraj.

Geographie
Mašková liegt am Westende des Talkessels Juhoslovenská kotlina am gleichnamigen Bach in einer hügeligen Landschaft, 10 Kilometer westlich von Lučenec entfernt. Das Ortszentrum liegt auf einer Höhe von

Geschichte
Der Ort wurde zum ersten Mal 1332 als Moscvilla erwähnt.

Bevölkerung
Ergebnisse nach der Volkszählung 2001 (311 Einwohner):

Weblinks

Ort in der Slowakei
Okres Lučenec
Ersterwähnung 1332

Mašková


Valentine Sergo (1969-), dramaturge, metteuse en scène et comédienne suisse.
 Ulderico Sergo (1913-1967), boxeur italien.

Sergo


Shehu Idris est le  émir de Zazzau, un état traditionnel nigérian dont le siège est à Zaria. Il a également été président du Conseil de l'émirat de Zazzau et du Conseil des chefs de l'État de Kaduna. Après 45 ans de règne, il décède le 20 septembre 2020 à l'âge de 84 ans. Alhaji Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli lui a succédé en tant que 19e émir de Zazzau.

Biographie
Shehu Idris est né le 20 février 1936 de Maiunguwa Idrisu Auta, chef de quartier de Unguwar Iya, un quartier situé entre Unguwar Durumi et Kuyanbana dans l'émirat de Zazzau et de Hajiya Aminatu.

Il commence son cursus scolaire en suivant des cours islamiques à Zaria, puis il poursuit ses études formelles à l'école élémentaire de Zaria de 1947 à 1950. Au cours de cette période, il perd son père à l'âge de 12 ans. Ce dernier du nom de Maiunguwa Idris est surnommé Auta parce qu'il est le dernier né de l'émir de Zazzau Muhammadu Sambo qui a régné de 1879 à 1888 environ.

L'Émir Muhammadu Sambo est le deuxième enfant de l'émir de Zazzau Abdulkarimi dont le règne s'étend de 1834 à 1846 environ. Son père est un chef de quartier alors que son grand-père et son arrière-grand-père étaient émirs de l'émirat de Zazzau. Il continue à la fois ses études coraniques et formelles et s'est inscrit à l'école intermédiaire de Zaria en 1950, où il a terminé ses études en 1955.

Carrière
Avant de devenir l'Emir de Zazzau, Shehu Idris commence sons parcours professionnel dans l'enseignement à partir de 1958 dans une école de Hunkuyi, puis a enseigné dans quelques autres écoles de Zaria. Dans les années 1960, il est le secrétaire particulier de feu l'émir de Zazzau Muhammadu Aminu, et il est également nommé secrétaire du conseil de l'autorité indigène de Zaria en 1965. En 1973, il reçoit le titre de Dan Madamin Zaria et est nommé chef de district de Zaria.

Il est également président du conseil de l'émirat de Zazzau et du conseil des chefs de l'État de Kaduna. Membre du peuple Fula, il est monté sur le trône le 8 février 1975 après le décès d'Alhaji Muhammadu Aminu, son prédécesseur Idris a été le monarque ayant régné le plus longtemps dans l'histoire de l'émirat de Zazzau.

Shehu Idris succède à l'émir Aminu après sa mort en 1975. Le 10 janvier 2015 et le 8 février 2020, il célèbre respectivement le 40e et 45e anniversaire de son couronnement.

Décès
Shehu Idris décède vers 11h00 GMT+1 le 20 septembre 2020, à l'hôpital de référence 44 de l'armée nigériane à Kaduna.

Références

Liens externes

Histoire du Nigeria
Émir du XXe siècle
Émir du XXIe siècle
Personnalité nigériane du XXe siècle
Personnalité nigériane du XXIe siècle
Dirigeant politique du XXe siècle en Afrique
Dirigeant politique du XXIe siècle en Afrique
Naissance en février 1936
Décès en septembre 2020
Décès au Nigeria
Décès à 84 ans

Shehu Idris


An Dichaea venezuelensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Germán Carnevali ngan Ivón Mercedes Ramírez Morillo. An Dichaea venezuelensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dichaea, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dichaea

Dichaea venezuelensis


Tupolev (, ), officially Joint Stock Company Tupolev, is a Russian aerospace and defence company headquartered in Basmanny District, Moscow.

Tupolev is successor to the Soviet Tupolev Design Bureau (OKB-156, design office prefix Tu) founded in 1922 by aerospace pioneer and engineer Andrei Tupolev, who led the company for 50 years until his death in 1972. Tupolev designed over 100 models of civilian and military aircraft and produced more than 18,000 aircraft for Russia, the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc since its founding, and celebrated its 90th anniversary on 22 October 2012. Tupolev is involved in numerous aerospace and defence sectors including development, manufacturing, and overhaul for both civil and military aerospace products such as aircraft and weapons systems, and also missile and naval aviation technologies.

In 2006, Tupolev became a division of the United Aircraft Corporation in a merger with Mikoyan, Ilyushin, Irkut, Sukhoi, and Yakovlev by decree of the Russian President Vladimir Putin.

History

Tupolev OKB was founded by Andrei Tupolev in 1922. Its facilities are tailored for aeronautics research and aircraft design only, manufacturing is handled by other firms. It researched all-metal airplanes during the 1920s, based directly on the pioneering work already done by Hugo Junkers during World War I.

Among the notable results during Tupolev's early period were two significant all-metal heavy bombers with corrugated duralumin skins, the ANT-4 twin-engined bomber which first flew in 1925 and the four-engined ANT-6 of 1932, from which such airplanes as the ANT-20 were derived (see Yefim Gordon & Vladimir Rigmant, OKB Tupolev. Hinckley, UK: Midland, 2005. pp. 22–28 & 30–34). Tupolev's design approach in these two airplanes defined for many years the trends of heavy aircraft development, civil and military.

During World War II, the twin-engined, all-metal Tu-2 was one of the best front-line bombers of the Soviets. Several variants of it were produced in large numbers from 1942. During the war it used wooden rear fuselages due to a shortage of metal.

This was succeeded by the development of the jet-powered Tu-16 bomber, which used a sweptback wing for good subsonic performance.

As turbojets were not fuel efficient enough to provide truly intercontinental range, the Soviets elected to design a new bomber, the Tu-20, more commonly referred to as the Tu-95.
It, too, was based on the fuselage and structural design of the Tu-4, but with four colossal Kuznetsov NK-12 turboprop engines providing a unique combination of jet-like speed and long range. It became the definitive Soviet intercontinental bomber, with intercontinental range and jet-like performance. In many respects the Soviet equivalent of the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, it served as a strategic bomber and in many alternate roles, including reconnaissance and anti-submarine warfare.

The Tu-16 was developed into the civil Tu-104. The Tu-95 became the basis of the unique Tu-114 medium-to-long-range airliner, the fastest turboprop aircraft ever. One common feature found in many large subsonic Tupolev jet aircraft is large pods extending rearward from the trailing edge of the wings, holding the aircraft's landing gear.  These allow the aircraft to have landing gears made up of many large low-pressure tires, which are invaluable for use on the poor quality runways that were common in the Soviet Union at the time.  For example, the Tu-154 airliner, the Soviet equivalent of the Boeing 727, has 14 tyres, the same number as Boeing's far larger 777-200.

Even before the first flights of the Tu-16 and Tu-20/Tu-95, Tupolev was working on supersonic bombers, culminating in the unsuccessful Tu-98. Although that aircraft never entered service, it became the basis for the prototype Tu-102 (later developed into the Tu-28 interceptor) and the Tu-105, which evolved into the supersonic Tu-22 bomber in the mid-1960s. Intended as a counterpart to the Convair B-58 Hustler, the Tu-22 proved rather less capable, although it remained in service much longer than the American aircraft. Meanwhile, the "K" Department was formed in the Design Bureau, with the task of designing unmanned aircraft such as the Tu-139 and the Tu-143 unmanned reconnaissance aircraft.

In the 1960s A. N. Tupolev's son, A. A. Tupolev, became active with management of the agency. His role included the development of the world's first supersonic airliner, the Tu-144, the popular Tu-154 airliner and the Tupolev Tu-22M strategic bomber. All these developments enabled the Soviet Union to achieve strategic military and civil aviation parity with the West.

In the 1970s, Tupolev concentrated its efforts on improving the performance of the Tu-22M bombers, whose variants included maritime versions. It is the presence of these bombers in quantity that brought about the SALT I and SALT II treaties. Also the efficiency and performance of the Tu-154 was improved, culminating in the efficient Tu-154M.

In the 1980s the design bureau developed the supersonic Tu-160 strategic bomber. Features include variable-geometry wings.

Post-Soviet Era

With the end of the Cold War, research work was concentrated on subsonic civil aircraft, mainly on operating economics and alternative fuels. The developments include fly-by-wire, use of efficient high-bypass turbofans and advanced aerodynamic layouts for the 21st century transport aircraft such as the Tu-204/Tu-214, Tu-330 and Tu-334.

Among Tupolev projects from the 1990s to the 2000s:

further development of Tu-204/214 and TU-334 aircraft family
development of cargo aircraft Tu-330, regional and executive Tu-324 aircraft
research on practical aspects of aircraft operation using alternative fuels
modernization of Russian Naval Aviation and Air Force

At the MAKS-2003 airshow, Tupolev revealed the Tu-444 supersonic business jet concept; development was intended to start in the first half of 2004, however nothing further came of the program.

Directors
Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev was a leading designer at the Moscow-based Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI) from 1929 until his death in 1972. This design bureau produced mostly bombers and airliners.
Alexei Andreyevich Tupolev, son of Andrei Tupolev, was also a famous aircraft designer. His most famous design was the supersonic airliner Tupolev Tu-144. He managed Tupolev until his death in 2001.
 Igor Sergeevich Shevchuk was named the Director of OAO Tupolev in 1997, later the Chairman of the Board of Directors, and in 2001 the President and General Designer. He died unexpectedly in 2011.
 Alexandr Vladimirovich Koniukhov was a director general in 2016–2020.
 Ronis Nakipovich Sharipov appointed a director general in May 2020.
 Vadim Vladimirovich Korolev is a managing director since 2021.

In September 2021, Rustam Minnikhanov, President of Tatarstan was elected chairman of the board of directors of Tupolev.

See also

 List of Tupolev aircraft
 List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS
 Antonov Design Bureau

References

United Aircraft Corporation
Aircraft manufacturers of Russia
Aircraft manufacturers of the Soviet Union
Companies based in Moscow
Russian brands
Design bureaus

Tupolev


Fédération régionaliste verte sociale (, abrégé en FREVS ou FRVS) est un parti politique chilien régionaliste et écologiste fondé le  par l'union de quatre anciens partis régionaux.

Historique

Les premiers antécédents historiques d'une possibilité de fusion des partis régionaux remonte à juin 2015, lorsque le député et futur ministre de l'Agriculture Esteban Valenzuela, lors de la fondation du  (MIRAS), il appelle à la formation d'une « fédération » des partis verts et régionalistes.

En février 2016, la création d'une première tentative de fédération est annoncée, regroupant le parti ,  et , afin de se présenter aux élections municipales de 2016. Cependant, les deux premiers se mettent d'accord sur une liste, sans Somos Aysén.

En janvier 2017, quatre partis régionaux et régionalistes, c'est-à-dire le , ,  et  annoncent la création de la Fédération régionaliste verte sociale.

Le 24 janvier 2017, la fondation de la fédération est officiellement actée, son symbole se compose de cinq mains de couleur rouge, orange, jaune, verte et bleue qui forment un cercle et une étoile.

Le 2 août 2017, la présidence du parti a convenu de former une liste commune de candidats aux élections législatives de 2017 avec les partis «  » et «  (DRP) ». Néanmoins, le País finira par décliner cette proposition, DRP et FRVES vont créer la , et obtiennent 4 députés élus.

En 2019, la Fédération régionaliste fait une alliance avec le Parti communiste du Chili (PCCh) et le  pour former la coalition de l'. En 2021, la coalition se renomme  (Chile Digno) à la suite du départ du Parti progresse et accueille de nombreux petit partis de gauche.

Le 19 juin 2021, la Fédération régionaliste suspend sa participation à la coalition de Chile Digno et retire son soutien au Parti communiste et Daniel Jadue, ayant échoué à établir des alliances pour les élections parlementaires de 2021 et l'impossibilité de participer au programme du candidat communiste. Finalement, ils parviennent à se remettre d'accord.

Lors de la primaire présidentielle d'Approbation dignité, le parti soutient Daniel Jadue face à Gabriel Boric. À l'issue du vote, le parti déclare son soutien à la candidature du vainqueur Gabriel Boric.

À la suite de la victoire de Gabriel Boric au second tour de l'élection présidentielle, le parti est membre de la coalition gouvernementale et obtient le portefeuille de l'Agriculture.

Présidence

La présidence du parti est composée de 5 personnes.

 Président :
 Secrétaire générale : Marta Molina Ávila
 Vice-président : Esteban Valenzuela
 Second Vice-président : Jonathan Hechenleitner Riffo
 Troisième Vice-président : César Suárez García

Membres élus

Députés

Constituants (Assemblée 2021)

Résultats électoraux

Élections présidentielle

Élections parlementaires

Élections municipales

Élections constituantes

Notes

Références

Lien externe

Parti politique au Chili
Parti politique fondé en 2017

Fédération régionaliste verte sociale


كلار  مدينة في إقليم كردستان في العراق، ومركز قضاء في محافظة السليمانية. تقع على الضفة الغربية لنهر سيروان (ديالى)، بالقرب من محافظة ديالى، يقدر عدد سكانها بنحو 250,000 نسمة، أغلبهم يتحدثون اللغة الكردية.

الموقع الجغرافي
تقع مدينة كلار في شمال بغداد وتتبع أداريا إلى محافظة السليمانية في كردستان العراق على مجرى نهر سيروان أو بالعربية نهر ديالى كانت حتى بداية السبعينيات عبارة عن قرية صغيرة تدعى (كلاري كون) أي كلار القديمة، حيث مركز رؤساء الجاف المعروفين بالبيكزاده، ومخفر للشرطة ومقهى على الطريق بين دربنديخان وجلولاء وكانت جزا من محافظة كركوك سابقا. أغلبية سكانها من الكورد

التعليم في كلار
تم افتتاح جامعة كرميان من قبل حكومة إقليم كردستان للسنة الدراسية 2011 2012 في كلار ولها كليات في مدينة خانقين وكذلك يوجد معهد الفني أيضا في كلار ومعهد كومبيوتر.

التاريخ

كلار مدينة يعود تاريخ تأسيسها إلى سنة 1860 ميلادية. في سنة 1931 فتحت أول مدرسة ابتدائية لها.
وفي سنة 1970 أصبحت كلار قضاء بمرسوم جمهوري وهي مرشحة لتكون محافظة مستقلة.
منذ عام 1970 وحسب خطة حكومية معدة مسبقاً من قبل حزب البعث لتقليل نسبة الكورد في محافظة كركوك ذات الأغلبية الكوردية قامت السلطة النظام السابق ببعض التعديلات الإدارية حسب مقتضيات المصلحة العامة، كما قيل انذاك، في كوردستان ومن بينها استحداث قضاء جديدا باسم قضاء كلار بموجب المرسوم الجمهوري (137) في 28/2/1970 لكن الحقيقة كانت أجراء سياسي للبدء بتعريب محافظة كركوك وقضاء خانقين عبر استئصال الاقضية والنواحي الكوردية الصرفة عن كركوك وخانقين. وطبقت الخطة بصورة جدية ومركزة بعد القضاء على الحركة الكوردية حسب إتفاقية الجزائر المشؤمة عام 1975 عبر التهجير القسري لقسم من المواطنين إليها وخاصة سكان شمال قضاء خانقين في ناحيتي ميدان وقورة تو ذات الغالبية الكوردية المطلقة وتم فك ارتباط قضاء كلار مع محافظة كركوك بعد تزايد عدد السكان فيه بشكل ملفت وتم الحاقه بمحافظة السليمانية بموجب المرسوم الجمهوري (608) في 6/11/1975. وبين عامي 1976 و1977 عاد إليه المرحلون من اهالي خانقين من وسط وجنوب العراق واستقروا فيه وبذلك أزداد عدد سكانها إلى ما يقارب 10000 نسمة عام 1988.وازداد عدد المهاجرين إليها بعد الحرب العراقية الإيرانية في بداية التمانينيات وبعد جرائم الأنفال نهاية التمانينيات. حاليا يقدر عدد سكان المدينة 120000 نسمة. وهناك المقولة الشهيرة للرئيس العراقي السابق أحمد حسن البكر (أعطيناهم كلار وماقبلو)حين اراد في خطبته في التلفزيون العراقي اتهام الكورد باشعال الحرب اواسط السبعينيات. 1

تقسيمات الادارى جديد
كلار إحدى المدن الكردستانية التابعة إلى محافظة كركوك سابقاً، تبعد حوالي 120 كم عن مدينة السليمانية، وفي الوقت الحالي لمركز لإدارة كرميان، محافظة غير رسمية من حكومة أقليم كردستان، تتكون من قضاء كلار، كفري وجمجمال، ويبلغ عدد سكان المدينة 63000 نسمة وأكثر. عدد سكان محافظة كرميان أو مناطق كرميان يبلغ 120000 نسمة.والغالبية الساحقة من المسلمون الكرد من أهل السنة والجماعة من الشافعية واقلية من الفيليين الشيعة،

هنالك مغارات داخل قلعة شيروانة لحد هذا الوقت لا يعرفون من اين تبدء ومن اين تنتهي.

العشائر
من ابرز العشائر الموجودة في المدينة (گلی، الجاف، الجمهور.الزنكنة، باجلان، بالاني، الداودي، كيز، زة ند، لك...الخ)

قلعة شيروانة
إحدى معالم مدينة كلار هي قلعة شيروانة على شواطئ نهر ديالى (سيروان)، وقد بنيت في عام1866-1874 على يد محمد باشا الجاف الذي كان رئيس قبيلة الجاف آنذاك وكان يستخدمه في تقوية نفوذه وإتمام سيطرته على هذه المنطقة

مصادر

أماكن مأهولة في محافظة السليمانية
مدن العراق
مراكز أقضية العراق

كلار


An invasion is a military offensive in which sizable number of combatants of one geopolitical entity aggressively enter territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objectives of establishing or re-establishing control, retaliation for real or perceived actions, liberation of previously lost territory, forcing the partition of a country, gaining concessions or access to natural resources or strategic positions, effecting a change in the ruling government, or any combination thereof.

2000–present

1945–1999

World War II (1939–1945)

Interwar (1918–1939)

World War I (1914–1918)

See also: World War I timeline

1800–1915

French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815)

See also: French Revolutionary Wars, Napoleonic Wars

1700–1792

1600–1699
1694 invasion of Lan Xang by Vietnam
1693 invasion of Mongolia by China
1692 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1688–1689 invasion of Britain by the Dutch Republic
1683 invasion of Kingdom of Tungning by the Qing dynasty
1683 invasion of Austria by Ottoman Empire
1677 invasion of Vietnam by a Mạc army
1674 invasion of Brandenburg by Sweden
1673 invasion of Poland by Ottoman Turks
1672 invasion of Dutch Republic by France with English support
1670–1671 invasion of Spanish Panama by the English privateer Henry Morgan
1668 invasion of Spanish Panama by the English privateer Morgan
1668 invasion of Spanish Cuba by the English privateer Morgan
1664 invasion of Austria by Ottoman Empire
1662 invasion of Assam by Bengal
1661–1662 invasion of Dutch Formosa by the Ming loyalists
1655 invasion of western Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by Sweden
1654 invasion of eastern Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by Russia
1653 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1650 invasion of Scotland by England
1647 invasion of Ireland by England
1647 invasion of Crete by Ottoman Empire
1644 invasion of the Ming dynasty by the Qing dynasty
1636 invasion of Korea by the Qing dynasty
1630 invasion of Germany by Sweden
1627 invasion of Iceland by Barbary pirates
1627 invasion of Korea by the Later Jin
1625 invasion of western England by Barbary pirates
1625 invasion of Ottoman Istanbul by Zaporozhian Cossacks
1621 invasion of Poland by Ottoman Turks
1609 invasion of Russia by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

1500–1599
1596 invasion of Austria by the Ottoman Empire
1594 invasion of Cambodia by Siam
1592 invasion of Burma by Siam
1592–1598 invasion of Korea by Japan
1589 invasion of Poland by the Crimean Khanate
1585 invasion of Lanzarote of the Canary Islands by Barbary pirates
1578 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1563–1569 invasion of Siam by Burma
1573 invasion of Venetian Corfu by Ottoman Turks
1572 invasion of Spanish Nombre de Dios by the English privateer Drake
1571 invasion of Russia by Crimean Khanate
1571 invasion of Venetian Corfu by Ottoman Turks
1565 invasion of Malta by Ottoman Empire
1552 invasion of Kazan Khanate by Russia
1551 invasion of Tripoli by Ottoman Empire
1551 invasion of Gozo by Ottoman Empire
1548–1549 invasion of Siam by Burma
1537 invasion of Venetian Corfu by Ottoman Turks
1537 invasion of Vietnam by a Ming army
1527–1543 invasion of Ethiopia by Adal Sultanate
1529 invasion of Austria by the Ottoman Empire
1526 invasion of Hungary by the Ottoman Empire
1522 invasion of Rhodes by the Ottoman Empire
1515 invasion of Duchy Of Milan by France
1513 invasion of Duchy Of Milan by Papal-hired Swiss mercenaries and Republic of Venice
1512 invasion of Spain by Barbary pirates
1506 invasion of Poland by Crimean Tatars

1300–1499
1499 invasion of Duchy Of Milan by France

1492 invasion of the Americas by Spain
1492 invasion of Granada by Spain
1480 invasion of Rhodes by the Ottoman Empire
1478 invasion of Kingdom of Lan Xang by Vietnam
1471 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1453 invasion of Byzantium by the Ottoman Empire
1446 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1431 invasion of Venetian Corfu by Ottoman Turks
1429 invasion of Malta by the Hafsids
1427 invasion of Vietnam by a Ming army
1421 invasion of Egypt by the Kingdom of Cyprus
1415 invasion of France by the Kingdom of England.
Turkoman invasions of Georgia 1407–1502
1407 invasion of Vietnam by China
1403 invasion of Venetian Corfu by the Republic of Genoa

1402 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1389 invasion of Serbia by the Ottoman Empire
1389 invasion of Vietnam by the Kingdom of Champa
1385–1387 invasion of Caucasus and Northwest Iran by the Golden Horde
1382–1383 invasion of Russia by the Golden Horde
1377 invasion of Vietnam by the Kingdom of Champa
1372 invasion of Vietnam by the Kingdom of Champa
1361 invasion of Vietnam by the Kingdom of Champa
1333 invasion of Scotland by "The Disinherited" and England
1332 invasion of Scotland by "The Disinherited" from England
1312 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1300 invasion of Flanders by France

Timurid invasions
1386–1403 Timur's invasions of Georgia
1400–1402 invasion of Iraq, Syria and Anatolia
1399 invasion of Ukraine
1398–1399 invasion of northern India
1394–1396 invasion of Golden Horde (second)
1389–1391 invasion of Golden Horde (first)
1380–1393 invasion of Persia
1370s invasion of Transoxiana and Khwarezm

1200–1299
1297 invasion of Monaco by an Italian army
1296 invasion of Scotland by England
1291 invasion of Acre by the Mamluks
1268 invasion of Antioch by the Mamluks
1246 invasion of Thessaloniki by the Byzantine Empire
1224 invasion of the Kingdom of Thessaloniki by the Byzantine Despotate of Epirus
1218 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1216 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1204 invasion of Thessaloniki by the Fourth Crusade
1204 invasion of Constantinople by Venice and the Fourth Crusade
1203 invasion of Constantinople by Venice and the Fourth Crusade
1202 invasion of Hungary-Croatia by Venice and the Fourth Crusade

Mongol invasions

1299 invasion of Syria (third invasion)
1293 invasion of Java
1288 raid against Vietnam
1287 raid against Poland
1287 invasion of Vietnam (third attempt)
1285 raid against Bulgaria
1285 raid against Vietnam
1284–1285 invasion of Hungary
1284 invasion of Vietnam (second attempt)
1283 invasion of Kingdom of Champa
1281 invasion of Syria (second invasion)
1281 invasion of Japan
1279 invasion of Southern China
1277, 1287 invasion of Myanmar
1275 raid against Lithuania
1274 raid against Bulgaria
1274 invasion of Japan
1259 invasion of Syria (first invasion)
1259 raid against Lithuania and Poland
1258–1259 invasion of Halych-Volynia
1258 raid against Vietnam
1258 invasion of Baghdad
1257 invasion of Vietnam (first attempt)
1254 invasions of Korea (sixth campaign)
1251–1259 invasion of Persia, Syria and Mesopotamia (Timour)
1251 invasion of Korea (fifth campaign)
1247 invasion of Korea (fourth campaign)
1244 invasion of Anatolia
1242 invasion of Serbia, Bulgaria, Wallachia
1241 invasion of Poland, Lithuania, Hungary, Bohemia, Austria
1240 Mongol invasions of Tibet
1240 invasion of Ukraine
1237–1238 invasion of Russia
1235 invasion of Korea (third campaign)
1232 invasion of Korea (second campaign)
1231 invasion of Korea (first campaign)
1222, 1241, 1257, 1292, 1298, 1306, 1327 invasion of India
1220–1224 invasion of Georgians and the Cumans of the Caucasus, the Kuban, Astrakhan, Russia, Ukraine
1218–1220 invasion of Khwarizm (Iran)
1211–1234 invasion of Northern China
1205–1209 invasion of Western China

900–1199
1195 invasion of Spain by Almohads
1191 invasion of Jaffa by England (Third Crusade)
1191 invasion of Acre by France, Conrad of Montferrat and England (Third Crusade)
1191 invasion of Cyprus by England (Third Crusade)
1189 invasion of Iconium by the Holy Roman Empire (Third Crusade)
1189 invasion of Kingdom of Jerusalem by Ayyubids (Egypt)
1177 invasion of Angkor by Rival Chams based in Central Vietnam
1171, 1173, 1177, 1183, 1187 invasion of Kingdom of Jerusalem by Ayyubids (Egypt)
1169 Invasion of Ireland by the Anglo-Normans
1167 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1163, 1164, 1167, 1168 invasion of Egypt by Kingdom of Jerusalem
1161–1165 invasion of the Southern Song dynasty by the Jin dynasty
1132 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1128 invasion of Vietnam by Kingdom of Champa
1125–1142 invasion of the Northern Song dynasty by the Jin dynasty
1115–1118 invasion of Egypt by Kingdom of Jerusalem
1113 invasion of Kingdom of Jerusalem by Seljuk Turks
1110 invasion of Kalinga by Chola
1104 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1102,1103,1105 invasion of Kingdom of Jerusalem by Egypt
1099 invasion of Jerusalem by the First Crusade
1097–1098 invasion of Antioch by the First Crusade
1097 invasion of Kalinga by Chola
1091 invasion of Malta by the Normans
1091 invasion of Byzantine Empire by Petchenegs
1086 Invasion of Spain by Almoravids
1085 invasion of Antioch by the Seljuk Turks
1080s invasions of the Georgian Kingdom by the Seljuk Turks
1075 invasion of China by Vietnam
1074–1075 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1071 invasion of Byzantine Empire by Seljuk Turks
1069 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1068 invasion of Egypt by the Seljuk Turks
1066 invasion of England by Norwegian and Norman forces
1053–54 invasion of Malta by the Byzantine Empire
1044 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1043 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1028–1029 invasion of Norway by Canute the Great from Anglo-Saxon England
1025 invasion of Srivijaya by Chola
1020 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
1019 invasion of Kyushu, Japan by Jurchen pirates
1018 invasion of Lanka (Sri Lanka) by Chola
1015–1016 invasion of Anglo-Saxon England by Danish, Norwegian, Jomsviking and Polish forces led by Canute the Great
1000 invasion of North America by Vikings
993–1019 invasion of Korea by Khitan
982 invasion of Kingdom of Champa by Vietnam
981 invasion of Vietnam by Song forces
969 invasion of Antioch by the Byzantine Empire
968 invasion of Kievan Rus by Petchenegs
955 invasion of Germany by Magyars
938 invasion of Vietnam by Southern Han forces
919–921 Second Fatimid invasion of Egypt
914–915 First Fatimid invasion of Egypt

Before 900
870 invasion of Malta by the Aghlabids
793 invasion of BritainLindisfarne by Vikings
782 Abbasid invasion of Asia Minor by Arabs
772 invasion of Saxony by Charlemagne
763 invasion of Tang China by Tibetans
732 invasion of France by Arabs
718 invasion of Byzantine Empire by Arabs
711–718 invasion of Visigothic Hispania by a Moorish army of the second caliphate
657 invasion of the Western Turkic Khaganate by China
651 invasion of Champa and Vietnam by the third caliphate
648 invasion of Karasahr by the Tang dynasty
645–668 invasion of Korea by the Tang dynasty
644 invasion of Karasahr by the Tang dynasty
642–711 invasion of Algeria by the Umayyads
640 invasion of Karakhoja by the Tang dynasty
639–640 invasion of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate by China
639–641 invasion of Egypt by the second caliphate
636 invasion of Antioch by the second caliphate
633–651 invasion of Sasanian Empire by the first caliphate
602 invasion of Vietnam by a Sui army
600 invasion of Antioch by the Byzantine Empire
586 invasion of Byzantine Empire by Persia
598–614 invasion of Korea by China
544 invasion of Vietnam by Chen Baxian
543 invasion of Vietnam by Kingdom of Champa
 543 Roman invasion of Persarmenia by the Byzantine Empire
540 invasion of Antioch by the Sasanid Empire
520 or 525 invasion of Yemen by Ethiopia (Kingdom of Aksum)
440 Huns invade the Eastern Roman Empire
429 invasion of the Iberian peninsula by the Visigoths
409 invasion of the Iberian peninsula by Vandals and Alans
409 invasion of the NW of the Iberian peninsula by Suebians
406 invasion of Gallia by Vandals, Alans and Suebians
363 invasion of Persia by the Roman Empire
349 invasion of Meroe by Ethiopia (Kingdom of Aksum)
249 invasion of Roman Empire by Persia
43 AD invasion of Vietnam by a Han army
43 AD invasion of Britain by the Roman Empire
56 and 55 BC invasions of Britain by the Roman Republic
58 and 57 BC invasions of France (Gaul) by the Roman Republic
65 BC invasion of Georgia (Colchis and Iberia) by the Roman Republic
111 BC invasion of Vietnam by a Han army
121 BC invasion of France (Celtic Gaul) by the Roman Republic
149 BC invasion of Carthago by the Roman Republic
208 BC invasion of Vietnam by China
218 BC invasion of Vietnam by a Qin army
219 BC invasion of Lusitania by the Roman Republic
221 BC invasion of Vietnam by Qin Shi Huang
258 BC invasion of Vietnam by Âu Việt tribe led by Thục Phán
279 BC invasion of Balkans  by Gauls
Approximately between 18th–13th century BC invasion of Canaan by Joshua and the Israelites
Approximately between 22nd–21st century BC invasion of Vietnam by Ân tribes.

Muslim conquests

Punic Wars

Macedonian invasions

Peloponnesian War

431–404 BC multiple invasions of Athens and allies by Sparta and allies; multiple invasions of Spartan allies by Athens and allies

Persian invasions of Greece

 480–479 BCE Second Persian invasion of Greece
 492–490 BCE First Persian invasion of Greece

See also
 List of coups d'état and coup attempts
 List of revolutions and rebellions

References

Lists of military conflicts
Timelines of military conflicts

List of invasions


Sarthebari es una localidad de la India en el distrito de Barpeta, estado de Assam.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 47  a 119 km de la capital estatal, Dispur, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 7 331 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Assam

Sarthebari


Jolin Tsai (født 15. september 1980) er en taiwanesisk sangerinde.

Diskografi
 1999 1019
 2000 Don't Stop
 2000 Show Your Love
 2001 Lucky Number
 2003 Magic
 2004 Castle
 2005 J-Game
 2006 Dancing Diva
 2007 Agent J
 2009 Butterfly
 2010 Myself
 2012 Muse
 2014 Play
2018 Ugly Beauty

Eksterne henvisninger

 at Warner Music Taiwan

Sangere fra Kina

Jolin Tsai


O Dia Internacional das Crianças Vítimas de Agressão  é celebrado anualmente no dia 4 de Junho foi criado pela Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas em 1982. Esta data reforça o compromisso da ONU em proteger as crianças.

História
No dia 19 de Agosto de 1982, a Assembleia Geral da ONU, reuniu-se de emergência para debater a situação da Palestina. Na altura, perante o elevado número de crianças libanesas e palestinas vitimas dos actos de agressão perpetuados por Israel, declarou o dia 4 de Junho, como o Dia Internacional das Crianças Vítimas de Agressão.

Assim, o dia foi proclamado com a assinatura da Resolução ES-7/8 que reforça o compromisso da ONU em proteger as crianças.

Objectivos
Esta data tem como objectivo chamar a atenção da comunidade internacional para os efeitos dos conflitos armados sobre as crianças que são sequestradas e recrutadas como crianças-soldados, assassinadas, alvo de violência sexual, vêem o seu acesso à ajuda humanitária negado e que são vitimas em ataques a hospitais e escolas.

Assim, esta data reforça o compromisso da ONU em proteger as crianças e a necessidade de desenvolver esforços coordenados que visem o cumprimentos dos direitos das crianças em situações de conflito.

Ver também

 Declaração Universal dos Direitos da Criança

 1982 Guerra do Líbano
 Conflito israelense-palestino

Referências

Ligações Externas
 Site Oficial | Dia Internacional das Crianças Vitimas de Agressão (en)

Dias internacionais da Organização das Nações Unidas
Festas de junho


Rječnik suvišnih tuđica u hrvatskomu jeziku rječnik je hrvatskog sveučilišnog profesora, jezikoslovca i onomastičara Mate Šimundića. Knjiga na 269 dvostupčanih stranica donosi nekoliko tisuća hrvatskih zamjena za suvišne tuđice koje se pojavljuju u hrvatskom jeziku. Knjiga je prvi put izdana 1994. godine. U potpunosti je pisana korijenskim pravopisom.
Knjige
Rječnici


حاملة الطائرات جوزيبي غاريبالدي C551: أو حاملة الطائرات Giuseppe Garibaldi
هي السفينة الرئيسية في الأسطول الإيطالي. ودخلت الخدمة في عام 1985. وهي تصنف كحاملة للطائرات، مضادة للغواصات، وقادرة على حمل 18 طائرة عمودية، أو سرب من الطائرات المقاتلة ذات الإقلاع الرأسي VSTOL. يمكن الحاملة أن تنفذ مهام قتال الغواصات، وأعمال القيادة والسيطرة لمجموعات العمل الجوية / البحرية المشتركة، وكذلك أعمال المراقبة، ومرافقة القوافل، ونقل القوات الخاصة وأعمال الإمداد للأسطول.
الحاملة مزودة بنظام صواريخ سطح / سطح بعيد المدى من النوع Otomat، قاذفان في المقدمة وقاذفان في المؤخرة. وهي مزودة كذلك بنظام Albatros للصواريخ المضادة للطائرات، الذي يوفر الدفاع المركزي قصير المدى عن الحاملة؛ وهو يتكون من قواذف ثمانية الخلايا، ويستخدم الصاروخ Aspid، ذا التوجيه نصف الإيجابي، ومدى 14 كم. تحمل الحاملة 48 صاروخاً من هذا النوع. الحاملة مسلحة كذلك بثلاثة مدافع مزدوجة، عيار 40 / 70 مم من النوع OTO Breda، بمعدل نيران 300 طلقة / دقيقة، ومدى 4 كم.
يبلغ طول سطح الطيران للحاملة 174 م، وعرضه 30.5 م. وتنحرف آخر 15 م من طول السطح إلى أعلى، بزاوية ميل 4 درجات؛ لتساعد على إقلاع الطائرات. يمكن أن تستوعب الحاملة 18 طائرة من النوع Sea King، أو Sikorsky SH-3D، أو يمكنها استيعاب 16 طائرة من النوع AV-8B، أو خليط من الطائرات العمودية وطائرات الإقلاع العمودي.
تستخدم الحاملة أربعة محركات من النوع LM2500، قدرة كلّ منها 80 ألف حصان.

 1. بلد المنشأ: إيطاليا.
 2. الاستخدام: حاملة طائرات. تستخدم في مهمة قتال الغواصات، والقيادة والسيطرة على مجموعات القتال البحرية / الجوية، ومرافقة القوافل، وإبرار القوات الخاصة.
3*. الدول المستخدِمة: إيطاليا.

المواصفات العامة والفنية

الأبعاد
 الطول الكلي: 180.2 م.
 الطول فوق خط الماء: 162.8 م.
 طول سطح الإقلاع: 174 م.
 العرض: 30.5 م.
 عرض سطح الإقلاع: 30.5 م.
 الغاطس: 6.7 م.

الأوزان

 الحمولة الكاملة: 13.800 طن.

الأداء

 السرعة القصوى: 53 كم / س.
 السرعة الاقتصادية: 36 كم / س.
 مدى العمل: 12600 كم، عند السرعة 36 كم / س.

القوة المحركة

 المحرك: LM 2500.
 العدد: 4.
 الوقود: بنزين.
 قدرة المحرك: 80 ألف حصان لكلّ محرك.
 عدد المحاور: 2.

التسليح

 نظام صواريخ سطح / سطح: OTOMAT.
 نظام صواريخ سطح /جو: Albatros.
 الصواريخ سطح / جو: Aspide.
 المدافع: OTO Breda.
 العيار: مزدوج 40 / 70 مم.
 العدد: 3.
 الطوربيد: MK 46 أو A 290.

المستشعرات

 رادار قيادة النيران لنظام الصواريخ: AESN NA30.
 رادار قيادة النيران للمدافع: NA 21.
 رادار البحث بعيد المدى: MM/SPS-768.
 رادار المراقبة بعيد المدى: AN/SPS-52C.
 رادار تخصيص الأهداف MM/SPS- 702.
 رادار الملاحة: MM/SPN-749.
 رادار التحكم في حركة الطيران: MM/SPN-728.
 نظام السونار الإيجابي: DE 1160 LF.

الحرب الإلكترونية
 نظام الإعاقة الإلكترونية: SLQ- 732.
 نظام خداع الطوربيدات المعادية: SLQ- 25 Nixie.
 نظام نشر الرقائق المعدنية والمشاعل الحرارية: SCLAR.

الطائرات

 الطائرات العمودية Sea King: 18.
 الطائرات العمودية Sikorski SH 3D: 18.
 طائرات الإقلاع الرأسي Harrier II AV-8B: 16.

الطاقم

 طاقم الحاملة: 550 فرداً.
 الطاقم الجوي: 230 فرداً.

وصلات خارجية
 -موقع GlobalSecurity
 -موقع Naval-Technology

جوزيبي غاريبالدي
حاملات طائرات
حاملات طائرات إيطالية
حاملات طائرات في القوات البحرية الإيطالية
حاملات طائرات نشطة في إيطاليا
سفن 1983
سفن بنيت في مونفلكوني
سفن قوات بحرية في إيطاليا
سفن من صنع فينكانتييري

حاملة الطائرات جوزيبي غاريبالدي


Kayhude, Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Segeberg iline bağlı bir yerleşim yeri. 5,25 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 31 Aralık 2004 itibarıyla yaklaşık 1124 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Bernhard Dwenger tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-itzstedt.eu

Segeberg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Kayhude


PAFC may refer to:

Association football (soccer) clubs
Peasedown Athletic F.C., Somerset, England
Penicuik Athletic F.C., near Edinburgh, Scotland
Penryn Athletic F.C., Cornwall, England
Penzance A.F.C., Cornwall, England
Philippine Army F.C., Philippines
Plymouth Argyle F.C., Devon, England
Preston Athletic F.C., near Edinburgh, Scotland
Puskás Akadémia FC, Fejér County, Hungary

Other meanings
Phosphoric acid fuel cell
Ping An Finance Centre, skyscraper in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
Port Adelaide Football Club, South Australia, an Australian rules club

PAFC


New World Pictures a fost o companie independentă americană de producție și distribuție produse multimedia. A fost fondată la 8 iulie 1970 de către Roger Corman ca New World Pictures, Ltd.

Referințe și note

Legături externe

Vezi și
:Categorie:Filme New World Pictures

Studiouri de film
Fondări în 1970
20th Century Fox21th Century Fox
Desființări în 1997

New World Pictures


مونتيري بارك  هي إحدى مدن مقاطعة لوس أنجليس، كاليفورنيا. تم إعطاءها لقب مدينة في 29 مايو، 1916.

التركيبة السكانية
حدّد مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بيانات التركيبة السكانية لمونتيري بارك في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.

تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان مونتيري بارك 60,051 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 19,564 أسرة وعدد العائلات 15,246 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 20,209 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 21.29% من البيض و0.38% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.65% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و61.82% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.06% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و12.45% من الأعراق الأخرى و3.35% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و28.91% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 19,564 أسرة كانت نسبة 36% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 55.4% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 15.8% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك،  بينما كانت نسبة 6.8% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 22.1% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 17.3% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 8.7% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 3.06، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.43.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 38.4 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 21.2% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 8.3% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 30.1% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 22.2% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 17.7% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 92.3 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 89.2 ذكر.

بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في المدينة 43,813 دولارًا، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 46,905 دولارًا. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 35,830 دولارًا مقابل 30,375 دولارًا للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالمدينة 18,007 دولارًا. وكانت نسبة 10.6% من العائلات ونسبة 13.5% من السكان تحت خط الفقر، وكان من هؤلاء نسبة 19.7% تحت سن الثامنة عشر ونسبة 8.3% في الخامسة والستين من العمر وما فوق.

تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان مونتيري بارك 60,269 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 19,963 أسرة وعدد العائلات 15,241 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 20,850 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 19.38% من البيض و0.42% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.40% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و66.87% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.05% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و9.99% من الأعراق الأخرى و2.89% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و26.91% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 19,963 أسرة كانت نسبة 31.6% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 52.8% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 16.2% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك،  بينما كانت نسبة 7.3% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 23.7% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 18.2% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 10.1% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 3.01، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.37.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 43.1 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 18.1% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 8.6% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 25.9% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 28% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 19.3% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 48% ذكور و52% إناث.

أعلام

 بوب ماكي
 ويليام روبنسون
 تيموثي لين
 فانيا كينغ
 إيلي كاوامورا
 روبرت إس. لانكستر
 إدوارد جاي هوغن
 دينك أوبراين
 سينثيا ماكجريجور

مراجع

مونتيري بارك (كاليفورنيا)
أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1916
تأسيسات سنة 1916 في كاليفورنيا
ثقافة أمريكية صينية في كاليفورنيا
مدن كاليفورنيا
مدن لوس أنجلوس (كاليفورنيا)

مونتيري بارك (كاليفورنيا)


İç döllenme, karada ve denizde yaşayan memeli hayvanlarda kopulasyon organı ile spermlerin dişiye iletilmesi.

Döllenme, çoğu defa döllenme kanalı içerisinde gerçekleşir. Özellikle iç döllenme yapan hayvanlarda eşlerin birbirlerini çekici kılması için birçok iletişim ve davranış biçimi gelişmiştir. Yavrunun en iyi gelişebileceği mevsimlerde bu davranışlar artar.

İç döllenmenin özellikleri
 Döllenme olayı dişi bireyin vücudunun içinde olur.
 Karada ve denizde yaşayan memeli hayvanlarda görülür.
 Çiftleşme olayı vardır
 Çiftleşme organı vardır
 Döllenme ihtimali yüksektir
 Döllenme ihtimali yüksek olduğu için gamet sayısı azdır.
 Memelilerde embriyo anne karnında gelişir.
 Sürüngen, kuş, memeli, balina, yunus ve böceklerde görülür.
 Yavru bakımı vardır.
Yumurta sayısı az, sperm sayısı fazladır

Üreme ve gelişme
Gelişim biyolojisi

İç döllenme


Dogmatizm, A priori ilkeler, çeşitli öğretiler ve asla değişmeyeceği kabul edilen mutlak değerleri kabul eden, bu bilgilerin mutlak hakikat olduğunu, inceleme, tartışma yahut araştırmaya ihtiyacın olmadığını savunan anlayışa verilen isimdir. Bu tür savlara, öğretilere ve inançlara ise dogma veya nas denir.

Belirleyici unsurlar
Temelde skolastik bir anlayıştır, modern çağda değişme ve gelişmeyi yadsıyan öğretileri ve anlayışları adlandırır. Zira kendi fikir ve iddiasının mutlak doğru olduğunu ileri süren her kişi veya sistem dogmatiktir. Yani bu bağlamda; belirtilen görüş, bilgi ve yargıda, eleştirilmezlik, tartışılmazlık, değişmezlik ve net kesinlik olduğu takdirde bunlara dogma denilir. Özellikle metafizik öğretilerin tümü inakçı (dogmatik) öğretilerdir. Deney alanının dışında kalan bütün savlar inakçı olmak zorundadır. Zaten bir başka deyişle dogmatizm, aklın kesin ve mutlak bir değere sahip olduğunu böylece mutlak bilgi ve varlığa (hakikate) ulaşılabileceğini ve bunun sonucu olarak da bilginin metafiziğinin mümkün olduğunu ileri süren felsefi akımdır.

Dogmatizme primitif inançlardan modern bazı felsefi sistemlere kadar her yerde rastlanabilir. Belirgin biçimde çıkışı Tanrı'nın sözü kavramı ile olmuş ve Orta Çağda Aristoteles'in sözü kavramına kadar varmıştır. Örnek vermek gerekirse, Orta Çağ Hristiyan kültüründe herhangi bir kuralın gerçek sayılması için Aristoteles'in söylemiş olması yeterli sayılıyordu.

Dogmatizmin zorunlu sonucu zorbalıktır, zira farklı düşüncelere, perspektiflere yer olmadığı gibi, Dogmatizm de deneyle kanıtlama da kabul edilemezdir. Özellikle Orta Çağda dogmatizm zirve noktasına ulaşmıştır; deneylerle kanıtlanamayan kurallar, engizisyon işkenceleriyle kanıtlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Örnek vermek gerekirse, dogmatizm, masum kişinin ateşe atılsa bile yanmayacağı inancına varmış, bundan da ateşe atılınca yanan kişinin suçlu olduğu sonucu çıkarılmıştır. Dogmatik kişi kuşkuya (şüpheye) karşı tahammülsüzdür.

İnak (dogma) ile inan arasındaki fark, inan'ın asla kanıtlanamayacak olanı kabul etmesi, inak'ın ise herhangi bir yetkeye bağlanan bir veriyi kanıtlamış olarak kabul etmesidir. Yukarıda da belirtildiği gibi bunun en güzel örneği Orta Çağ skolastiğinde herhangi bir sözün, eğer Aristoteles tarafından söylendiği kanıtlanırsa, doğru olduğunun da kanıtlandığı fikridir.

Kısaca, herhangi bir sistemin veya kişinin değişmez formüller, her yerde ve her zaman geçerli olduğunu ileri sürdüğü mutlak bilgiler (olduğunu) sunması dogmatizmdir. Dogmatizmin karşıtı septisizm yani şüphecilik, kuşkuculuktur.

"İleri sürülen düşünce ve ilkeleri araştırmadan, kanıt aramadan, incelemeden, eleştirmeden, tartışmadan doğru ve mutlak hakikat sayan anlayış" olarak da tanımlanabilen dogmatizm her devirde ilerlemenin, gelişmenin karşısında durmuştur. Dogmatizm'in Türkçedeki karşılığı bağnazlıktır. Dogmatizmin örnekleriyle yalnızca din alanında değil, pek çok alanda, hatta bilim alanında da karşılaşılmıştır. Geçmiş çağlarda bilimciler dünyanın düz olduğu dogmasında ısrar etmişlerdi. Daha sonra da Dünya'nın evrenin merkezi olduğu dogmasında ısrar etmişlerdi. Ancak şunu da vurgulamak gerekir ki bilimdeki dogmaları yine bilim insanları ortadan kaldırmışlardır. Bilimin herhangi bir inak ya da inan sisteminden en temel ve en önemli farkı diyalektik düşünce sistemini içinde barındırmasıdır.

Kurala uyma zorunluluğuna dair tartışmalar
Dogmatizm'de bir kuralın, prensibin ya da inanışın doğruluğunun tartışılamaz olması söz konusudur. Bunların değiştirilebilmeleri bazen imkansızlık düzeyinde zordur. Ancak bu durum, kurala uyma zorunluluğunu her zaman  beraberinde getirmez. (Teorik olarak zorunlu kılındığı sanılsa bile en azından uygulamada öyle olmadığı görülür.) Eğer bu yönde katı bir zorlayıcı mekanizma yoksa, insanların kuralı uygulamaktan kaçınmaya başlaması büyük bir olasılığa sahiptir. Hatta dinsel kurallara dahi uyup uymamada özgürlük bulunduğu, sorumluluğun kökeninde de bunun yer aldığını savunan görüşler mevcuttur. Çoğu zaman fanatik savunucuların bile kurala uymadığı veya kendisinden beklenen şeyi uygulamadığı görülür. Örneğin; Hristiyanlığın Katolik mezhebinde boşanma dinen yasaktır. Evli eşler ömürlerinin sonuna kadar hem ahlaken hem de hukuken birbirlerine sadık kalmak zorundadırlar.  Ancak tüm Avrupa'da olduğu gibi Katolik mezhebinde de seküler yaşam içerisinde boşanma oranları oldukça yüksektir. Sorulduğunda ise (inancına bağlı katolikler dahil) benzer cevaplar verildiği görülür: "Tanrı'nın koyduğu kural doğrudur. İdeal olan boşanmadan ömrünün sonuna kadar aynı eşle evli kalmaktır. Ama kendileri günahkardır, bu emre uymadıkları için hatalı olan onlardırlar. Yasak kesinlikle doğrudur, inkar edilmez. Tanrı'nın hükmü kesindir. İnsanların iyiliği için koyulmuştur bu yasak ve çeşitli gerekçeleri vardır ki hepsi de tartışmasız doğrudur." İslam Dünyası içerisinde de benzer örneklere rastlanır. Örneğin İslamiyet içerisinde alkollü içkiler yasaklanmış (haram kılınmış) olduğu halde müslüman nüfusa sahip ülkelerde belirli (hatta kimi zaman yüksek) oranlarda bu yasağa uymama davranışına rastlanır. Fakat içki içen insan günah işlediğini kabul etmektedir. Ancak yasağın doğru olduğuna inanmaktadır. Dünyanın her yerindeki farklı dinlerden bunlara benzer pek çok örnekler rastlanabilir. Özetle dogmatizm pratikte uyma zorunluluğu değil, düşünsel düzlemde inanma zorunluluğu anlamına gelir çoğu zaman.

Dogmatik Hukuk
Dogmatik Hukuk alanında ise zorlayıcılık nedeniyle -devlet gücü bulunduğu için- daha fazla ön plana çıkmakta ve uyma davranışı artmaktadır. Ancak kişi yine de uymama yönünde bir tercihte bulunursa bu durumda hukuk sisteminin uygulayacağı yaptırımla karşılaşacaktır. Dogmatik  hukuk aynı zamanda pozitif kuralları yorumlama ve sistematize etme işlevini de yerine getirmektedir. Hukukun doğruluğuna dair tartışmalar ise İdeal Hukuk alanında gerçekleşmektedir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 İnanç

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
Antidogmatik Hareket
HUKUK KAVRAMININ ANALİZİ, Prof.Dr. Sururi AKTAŞ  -  Ankara Üni. Hukuk Fak. Dergisi, 67 (2) 2018: 227-252, Makale Kabul Tarihi: 06.07.2018 (Dogmatik Hukuk kavramı için)

Dinî kavramlar
Felsefi akımlar
Epistemoloji
Din metateorisi
Hristiyan terminolojisi

Dogmatizm


Aextoxicon, biljni rod kojemu pripada samo vrsta, Aextoxicon punctatum, nanofanerofit ili fanerofit koji čini samostalnu porodicu Aextoxicaceae, red Berberidopsidales. To je drvo s juga Čilea i Aregentine. Javlja se na visinama od 500 do 2000 metara, a može narasti do 24 metara visine.

Cvijet je žute boje, s pet latica. U Čileu je poznato pod nazivima Olivillo i Palo muerto.

Izvori

Berberidopsidales
Flora južnog Čilea
Flora južne Argentine
Flora središnjeg Čilea

Aextoxicon


140038 Kurushima este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
140038 Kurushima este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Kuma Kogen de Akimasa Nakamura. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,75 ua, o excentricitate de 0,05 și o înclinație de 7,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 140001-141000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2001
Centura de asteroizi

140038 Kurushima


The governor-general of the Philippines (Filipinas; Filipino: Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas/Kapitan Heneral ng Pilipinas) was the title of the government executive during the colonial period of the Philippines, governed by Mexico City and Madrid (1565–1898) and the United States (1898–1946), and briefly by Great Britain (1762–1764) and Japan (1942–1945). They were also the representative of the executive of the ruling power.

On November 15, 1935, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was established as a transitional government to prepare the country for independence from American control. The governor-general was replaced by an elected Filipino president of the Philippine Commonwealth, as the chief executive of the Philippines, taking over many of the duties of the governor-general. The former American governor-general then became known as the high commissioner to the Philippines.

From 1565 to 1898, the Philippines was under Spanish rule. From 1565 to 1821, the governor and captain-general was appointed by the viceroy of New Spain upon recommendation of the Spanish Cortes and governed on behalf of the monarch of Spain to govern the Captaincy General of the Philippines. When there was a vacancy (e.g. death, or during the transitional period between governors), the Real Audiencia in Manila appointed a temporary governor from among its members.

After Mexico won its independence in 1821, the country was no longer under the Viceroyalty of New Spain (present-day Mexico) and administrative affairs formerly handled by New Spain were transferred to Madrid and placed directly under the Spanish Crown.

Under New Spain (1565–1764)

British occupation of Manila (1761–1764)

After the Spanish defeat at the Battle of Manila in 1762, the Philippines was briefly governed simultaneously by two Governors-General, one of the Spanish Empire and one of the British Empire.

Great Britain shortly occupied Manila and the naval port of Cavite as part of the Seven Years' War, while the Spanish Governor-General set up a provisional government in Bacolor, Pampanga to continue administering the rest of the archipelago.

British governor-general

Spanish governor-general

Under New Spain (1764–1821)
After the British returned Manila to the Spanish in 1764, the Spanish Governor-General Francisco Javier de la Torre resumed administration of the Philippines under the authority of the Viceroy of New Spain in modern-day Mexico (New Spain) as part of the Spanish Empire.

The Philippines, along with the rest of the Spanish Empire, became part of the First French Empire in 1808 after Napoleon overthrew Ferdinand VII and installed Joseph Bonaparte as king until his abdication in 1813, as part of a disastrous consequence of Napoleon's 1812 Russian canpaign, the Peninsular Wars, particularly the Battle of Vitoria, and of forming the Sixth Coalition.

Direct Spanish control (1821–1898)
After the 1821 Mexican War of Independence, Mexico became independent and was no longer part of the Spanish Empire. The Viceroyalty of New Spain ceased to exist. The Philippines, as a result, was directly governed from Madrid, under the Spanish Crown.

United States Military Government (1898–1902)

The city of Manila was captured by American expeditionary forces on August 13, 1898. On August 14, 1898, the terms of the Spanish capitulation were signed. From this date, American government in the Philippines begins. General Wesley Merritt, in accordance with the instructions of the United States President, issued a proclamation announcing the establishment of United States military rule.

During the transition period, executive authority in all civil affairs in the Philippine government was exercised by the military governor.

Insular Government (1901–1935)

On July 4, 1901, executive authority over the islands was transferred to the president of the Second Philippine Commission who had the title of Civil Governor, a position appointed by the President of the United States and approved by the United States Senate. For the first year, a Military Governor, Adna Chaffee, ruled parts of the country still resisting the American rule, concurrent with Civil Governor, William Howard Taft. Disagreements between the two were not uncommon. The following year, on July 4, 1902, Taft became the sole executive authority. Chaffee remained commander of the Philippine Division until September 30, 1902.

After his retirement as Civil Governor, Governor Taft was appointed Secretary of War and he secured for his successor the adoption by Congress of the title Governor-General of the Philippine Islands thereby "reviving the high designation used during the last period of Spanish rule and placing the office on a parity of dignity with that of other colonial empires of first importance". The term "insular" (from insula, the Latin word for island) refers to U.S. island territories that are not incorporated into either a state or a federal district. All insular areas were under the authority of the U.S. Bureau of Insular Affairs, a division of the US War Department.

High Commissioner to the Philippines (1935–42 and 1945–46)

On November 15, 1935, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated as a transitional government to prepare the country for independence. The office of President of the Philippine Commonwealth replaced the Governor-General as the country's chief executive. The Governor-General became the High Commissioner of the Philippines with Frank Murphy, the last governor-general, as the first high commissioner. The High Commissioner exercised no executive power but rather represented the colonial power, the United States Government, in the Philippines. The high commissioner moved from Malacañang Palace to the newly built High Commissioner's Residence, now the Embassy of the United States in Manila.

After the Philippine independence on July 4, 1946, the last High Commissioner, Paul McNutt, became the first United States Ambassador to the Philippines.

Japanese military governors (1942–1945)
In December 1941, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was invaded by Japan as part of World War II. The next year, the Empire of Japan sent a military governor to control the country during wartime, followed by the formal establishment of the puppet second republic.

On September 2, 1945, the position of Governor-General of the Philippines was abolished. The Philippines' independence from the United States was proclaimed on July 4, 1946, installing Manuel Roxas as the fifth President of the Philippines and ushering in the Third Philippine Republic.

Vice-governors of the Philippines
On October 29, 1901, the position of Vice-Governor was created. The Vice-Governor was appointed by the President of the United States to act as the Governor-General (known at that time as the Civil Governor) in case of illness or temporary absence.

Timelines

1750–1800

1800–1850

1850–1898

1898–1946

See also

Filipino styles and honorifics
List of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines
 List of recorded datu in the Philippines
 President of the Philippines
 List of presidents of the Philippines
 Audiencia
 List of Viceroys of New Spain
 Spanish Empire
 History of the Philippines
 Military History of the Philippines
 United States Territory
 Governor-General
 Lists of office-holders
 Gobernadorcillo

Notes

References
Governors of the Philippines

Further reading

 01
Captaincy General of the Philippines
Insular Government of the Philippine Islands

Defunct government positions in the Philippines
People of American colonial Philippines
1565 establishments in the Philippines

Governor-General of the Philippines


Isla Gallinara (en italiano: Isola Gallinara) también conocida como Isla de Albenga (Isola d'Albenga) es una isla que se encuentra en el Mar de Liguria en la costa de Albenga, en la provincia de Savona, Liguria, Italia.

En la isla, entonces llamada Gallinara, Martin, destinado a convertirse en San Martín de Tours, decidió en su juventud ir allí a buscar refugio y vivir la vida solitaria de un ermitaño, antes de unirse a Hilario de Poitiers en la Galia. Los restos del naufragio de un barco romano se ha encontrado en las aguas de su costa.

La isla está protegida como la Reserva Natural Regional Isla Gallinara (Riserva Naturale Regionale Isola Gallinara) y como Lugar de Importancia Comunitaria (código  IT1324908 ).

Véase también
 Geografía de Italia
 Geografía de Europa

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Gallinara
Zonas especiales de conservación de Italia

Isla Gallinara


Le village olympique de Berlin sert à héberger les athlètes des Jeux olympiques d'été de 1936.

Historique

Jeux olympiques de 1936
Les organisateurs des Jeux olympiques d'été de 1936 souhaitent construire un village olympique, mais manquent de fonds pour ce projet. Ils se tournent d'abord vers la ville de Berlin pour lui proposer la construction d'un nouveau quartier, mais la solution n'aboutit pas. L'armée accepte dans un premier temps de prêter des casernes du site militaire de Döberitz, à quatorze kilomètres du parc olympique. Le ministère de la défense décide finalement de construire un village neuf sur un terrain militaire vierge du site de Döberitz.

Le village olympique principal est finalement construit à Wustermark, à l'ouest de Berlin. Les architectes sont Werner March, Georg Steinmetz, Walter March et Heinrich Wiepking-Jürgensmann. La construction se fait entre 1934 et 1936, et il s'agit du premier village olympique construit en dur avec l'intention d'être permanent. D'autres villages olympiques, plus petits, sont érigés à d'autres endroits. À Kiel, quatre lieux d'hébergement servent à accueillir environ  pour les épreuves de voile, et  participant aux épreuves d'aviron et de canoë, avec la seule exception du club d'aviron de Berlin, vivent à Berlin-Grünau dans le château et l'école de police de Berlin-Köpenick et dans les hangars du club d'aviron local. Le village olympique était placé sous le commandement de l'officier allemand Wolfgang Fürstner.

Le lieu peut héberger  sur une superficie de , dont environ 10 % sont construits. Il est doté de  d'un étage, comprenant chacun huit à douze chambres, ainsi que de casernes militaires. Chaque pavillon porte le nom d'une ville allemande et est décoré par des étudiants allemands en art. En plus de ces pavillons, le village comprend des quartiers administratifs et techniques. On y compte un sauna, une poste, une banque, un centre médical, un restaurant ouvert aux personnes extérieures, des magasins et une blanchisserie. On y trouve aussi des équipements sportifs dont une piscine, une salle de sport et une piste d'athlétisme. Deux salles permettent les services religieux et une salle des fêtes peut accueillir jusqu'à mille personnes, avec des divertissements proposés chaque soir pendant les Jeux. Parmi ces divertissements, on note des concerts en pleine journée, des performances par des troupes internationales de danse et un concert de l'Orchestre philharmonique de Berlin aux flambeaux. Un journal, , est distribué dans le village.

Le village olympique est agrémenté de quarante salles à manger, chacune réservée à une délégation nationale, à l'exception d'un athlète haïtien venu seul et partageant ses repas avec l'équipe brésilienne. Ces salles à manger sont regroupées dans un grand bâtiment appelé le . En trois semaines, les athlètes et leur personnel d'encadrement mangent , , plus de  et boivent  de café.

En février 1936, le nombre d'athlètes est largement supérieur aux prévisions. Une série de bâtiments militaires est prêtée aux organisateurs pour héberger un millier de personnes supplémentaires. Les femmes sont logées dans des dortoirs pour étudiants dans le parc olympique. Leni Riefenstahl est une des rares femmes autorisées à visiter le village olympique, et elle y filme des scènes des Dieux du stade.

Les premières équipes arrivent le  et les dernières équipent partent le  de la même année. Le transport des athlètes se fait en bus.

Postérité
Après les Jeux olympiques, le village olympique est utilisée par l'armée allemande de 1936 à 1945, d'abord comme centre d'entraînement puis comme hôpital de campagne. Il sert d'abri à des réfugiés allemands après la guerre, puis l'armée soviétique l'utilise de 1947 à 1991, notamment comme centre de torture, en démolissant de nombreux pavillons pour en recycler les matériaux de construction. Dans les années 2010, il ne reste que 21 pavillons. Après 1992, plusieurs projets visent à le rénover et à le convertir en hôtel, en hôpital, en centre d'entraînement sportif ou encore en centre de conférences, mais tous ces projets sont abandonnés à cause de leur coût trop élevé. En 1993, le lieu devient un monument historique, et en 2004 il est rouvert sous la forme d'un musée en plein air. La visite guidée inclut notamment une visite de la chambre de Jesse Owens.

En 2016, la municipalité de Wustermark annonce vouloir le convertir en un millier d'appartements, tout en respectant son statut de monument historique.

Galerie

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Berlin
Jeux olympiques d'été de 1936
Équipement sportif à Berlin

Village olympique de Berlin


Gilbert Voisin (né le  à Hautmont et décédé le  au Nouvion-en-Thiérache) est un clarinettiste français.

Biographie
Gilbert Voisin étudie la clarinette avec Louis Cahuzac.

Gilbert Voisin a gagné le deuxième prix à l'unanimité du Concours international d'exécution musicale de Genève en 1950.

Il est clarinette solo l'orchestre symphonique Nord-Picardie , soliste à l'orchestre radio-symphonique de Lille, soliste à l'orchestre symphonique de Toulouse et à l'orchestre philharmonique de Radio-France.

Il a enseigné au conservatoire de Marcq-en-Barœul et formé des jeunes musiciens qui ont une carrière professionnelle comme Philippe Cuper. Il est ensuite devenu directeur du conservatoire.

Enregistrements (sélection)
 Igor Stravinsky, L'Histoire du soldat, Petits airs au bord du ruisseau. Gilbert Voisin et al. (33 tours/min, Vega, 1962)

Notes et références

Liens externes

Clarinettiste classique français
Naissance en septembre 1921
Naissance à Hautmont
Décès en mai 2008
Décès à 86 ans
Décès au Nouvion-en-Thiérache

Gilbert Voisin


Stade de Baduel je višenamjenski stadion u Cayenneu, Francuska Gijana. Trenutno se uglavnom koristi za utakmice nogometne reprezentacije Francuske Gijane.

Stadion ima kapacitet od 7000 mjesta. Ima prirodni travnjak i sintetičku 400-metarsku atletsku stazu. Središnje područje stadiona, nazvano "la caquette", obnovljeno je 2012.

Stadion se koristi i za kulturna događanja poput jazz festivala le Kayenn.

Izvori

Šport u Francuskoj Gijani
Stadioni
Športski objekti u Francuskoj

Stade de Baduel