Appalachian Trail station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, serving campers and hikers destined for the Appalachian Trail, in Pawling, New York. It is the only rail station directly located on the Appalachian Trail. Trains stop on weekends and holidays only.

Description and history

The station was built in three months by Metro-North Railroad in 1990 for the cost of $10,000. The station opened on April 1, 1990. Its creation was the suggestion of George Zoebelein, who was an avid hiker and a veteran of the NY/NJ Trail Conference as well as both the NY/NJ Appalachian Trail Conferences, and also served as a member of the Metro-North Railroad Commuter Council (MNRCC) of the Permanent Citizens Advisory Committee (PCAC) to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. It is one of three limited service stops operated by Metro-North primarily for hikers, the other two being  and  on the Hudson Line.

The trail itself crosses the track just south of the station. In the northbound direction, it leads immediately to a small grassy parking area along Route 22 with space for a few cars, then follows the highway to paved turnouts with more space a few hundred feet north along either side of the highway, just north of where it leaves the road and starts climbing toward Hammersly Ridge and the Pawling Nature Preserve. South of the station the trail crosses a swampy area via a wooden, wheelchair accessible walkway which leads to a bridge and then climbs a smaller ridge.

Station layout
The station has a low-level wooden side platform to the east of the track, long enough for one door of one car to receive and discharge passengers. The platform has no shelter, but has a bulletin board for posting the current train schedule, as well as information for hikers.

References

External links

Metro-North Railroad stations in New York (state)
Appalachian Trail
Pawling, New York
Railway stations in Dutchess County, New York
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1990
1990 establishments in New York (state)
Transportation in Dutchess County, New York

Appalachian Trail station


ඌ තාන් (; ; ;; ජනවාරි 22, 1909 – නොවැම්බර් 25, 1974) යනු  බුරුම රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්‍රිකයෙක්  සහ1961 සිට 1971 දක්වා  එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ තෙවන මහා ලේකම් විය. මෙම තනතුරට ඔහුව තෝරා ගන්නා ලද්දේ, ඔහුගේ පූර්වප්‍රාප්තික, ඩග් හැමර්හල්ඩ්, 1961 සැප්තැම්බරයේදී මිය ගිය විටදීය.

මූලාශ්‍ර

බාහිර සබැඳි

 UN Photos of U Thant from the United Nations website
 Official U.N.S.G. biography from the United Nations website
 Peace Eludes U Thant Henry Soe-Win, Asian Tribune, June 17, 2008

චරිත කතා
එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ මහා ලේකම්වරු
එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ නිලධාරින්
බෞද්ධයෝ
1909 උපත්
1974 මරණ

ඌ තාන්


Matthias Ladurner-Parthanes (* 8. Jänner 1894 in Gratsch bei Meran; † 25. Juli 1986 ebenda) war ein Bauer, Volkskundler und Heimatforscher.

Leben
Matthias Ladurner-Parthanes wurde 1894 auf dem Bauernhof Parthanes unterm Berg in Gratsch bei Meran geboren. Nach seinem Schulbesuch in Meran diente er während des Ersten Weltkriegs als Kaiserjäger in Galizien und im Gebirgskrieg. Aus Gefangenschaft zurückgekehrt engagierte sich der hauptberufliche Weinbauer als 1920 gewählter Meraner Gemeinderat politisch und kulturell als Ausschussmitglied des Museumsvereins. 1927 kam sein Sohn Mathias zur Welt. In der Zwischenkriegszeit begann auch Ladurner-Parthanes' Publikationstätigkeit zu geschichtlichen und volkskundlichen Themen, insbesondere zum bäuerlichen Brauchtum des Burggrafenamts. Neben zahlreichen Artikeln, die in der Monatszeitschrift für Südtiroler Landeskunde "Der Schlern" und anderen Sammelwerken abgedruckt wurden, verfasste er mehrere Monographien. Zu seinen bedeutsamsten Leistungen werden die Entdeckung der Algunder Menhire sowie seine Schrift aus dem Jahr 1972 "Vom Perglwerk zur Torggl", eine umfassende Dokumentation der Techniken und Gerätschaften des traditionellen Südtiroler Weinbaus, gezählt. Weiters war er einer der Mitgründer und langjähriges Ausschussmitglied des Südtiroler Weinmuseums.

Für seine Verdienste wurde Ladurner-Parthanes 1954 zum Ehrenmitglied der Universität Innsbruck ernannt. 1974 wurde er mit dem Walther-von-der-Vogelweide-Preis des Südtiroler Kulturinstituts ausgezeichnet. Der Träger des Verdienstkreuzes des Landes Tirol starb 1986 in seinem Heimatort. 1996 gab Josef Rampold Ladurner-Parthanes' Aufzeichnungen aus dem Ersten Weltkrieg unter dem Titel "Kriegstagebuch eines Kaiserjägers" heraus.

Schriften (Auswahl)

 Vom Wimmen. In: Meraner Jahrbuch 1937. Athesia, Bozen-Meran 1937, S. 45–53.

 Gratsch das alte Dorf am Fuße des Schlosses Tirol. Meran 1981.
 Kriegstagebuch eines Kaiserjägers. Nach dem Originalmanuskript bearbeitet von Josef Rampold. Bozen, Athesia 1996.

Einzelnachweise

Landwirt (Italien)
Volkskundler
Heimatforscher (Südtirol)
Person im Ersten Weltkrieg (Österreich-Ungarn)
Träger des Verdienstkreuzes des Landes Tirol
Person (Meran)
Politiker (Südtirol)
Österreicher
Italiener
Geboren 1894
Gestorben 1986
Mann

Matthias Ladurner-Parthanes


جائزة بودابيست الكبيرة هي دورة تنس تنظم في بودابست بالمجر. تنظم من سنة 1996، وهي تابعة لرابطة التنس للمحترفات في دورات تير الثالثة وتلعب على الأراضي الطينية، في 2007 تم اعتبار الحدث كدورة تير الرابعة.

مراجع

أحداث رياضية دورية أسست في 1993
أحداث رياضية دورية أسست في 1996
الرياضة في بودابست
إنجي
بطولات كرة المضرب الترابية
بطولات كرة مضرب في المجر
تأسيسات سنة 1993 في المجر
تأسيسات سنة 1996 في المجر
جائزة بودابست الكبرى
رابطة محترفات كرة المضرب

جائزة بودابيست الكبيرة


بلدية غابا (بالكاتالانية: Gavà) هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة برشلونة، والتي تقع في منطقة كاتالونيا، شرق إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 44.678 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

أعلام

 خافيير باسكوال
 كانديلا بينا
 سيغفريد غراسيا
 أنخيل إيدو
 أنتوني ليما

مراجع

بلديات في مقاطعة برشلونة
بلديات في باش ليوبريغات

غافا (برشلونة)


El Campeonato Mundial Femenil de REINA (REINA World Women's Championship en inglés) es un campeonato femenino de lucha libre profesional, promovido por REINA Joshi Puroresu, conocida anteriormente como Universal Woman's Pro Wrestling REINA.

Historia
El 23 de noviembre de 2011 la Universal Woman's Pro Wrestling REINA realizó el evento "REINA 20" en el Yokohama Radiant Hall de Yokohama, Kanagawa, donde Yumiko Hotta se enfrentó a la mexicana Lady Apache por la Radio Japan Cup y también para obtener a la nueva Campeona Mundial Femenil de REINA. Yumiko Hotta obtuvo la victoria y se convirtió en la primera campeona. Sin embargo, el 13 de mayo de 2012 al final del evento REINA 33, Yumiko Hotta anunció su deslinde de la promoción, con lo cual el campeonato fue declarado vacante.

El 10 de septiembre de 2013, REINA Joshi Puroresu anunció un combate entre Shuri y Zeuxis en la cual se pondría en disputa el Campeonato Mundial Femenil de REINA tras 1 año de permanecer vacante.

Campeona actual
Actualmente el campeonato se encuentra vacante debido a que Yumiko Hotta abandonó la empresa.

Lista de campeones

Reinados más largos

Datos interesantes
 Reinado más largo: Yumiko Hotta, 172 días.
 Reinado más corto: Yumiko Hotta, 172 días.
 Campeona más vieja: Yumiko Hotta, 44 años y 317 días.
 Campeona más joven: Yumiko Hotta, 44 años y 317 días.
 Campeona más pesada: Yumiko Hotta, .
 Campeona más liviana: Yumiko Hotta, .

Véase también
CMLL-REINA International Junior Championship
REINA World Tag Team Championship
TLW International Women's Championship

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio Oficial de UWWR

Universal Woman's Pro Wrestling REINA
Campeonatos de UWWR

REINA World Women's Championship


Pakistanska karlalandsliðið í knattspyrnu er fulltrúi Pakistan í knattspyrnu og er stjórnað af knattspyrnusambandi landsins. Liðið hefur aldrei komist í úrslit heimsmeistaramóts.

Asísk knattspyrnulandslið
Karlalandslið í knattspyrnu
Pakistan


Francisco de Burgoa (Oaxaca, ca. 1600 -  Tepotzotlán, 1681) fue un historiador.

Biografía
Entró a la Orden de Santo Domingo el 2 de agosto de 1629, y pronto se convirtió en un maestro de teología.<ref  name="Dahlgren_1">Dahlgren, Barbro. (1989). "Breve presentación" en Burgoa, Fray Francisco de. (1674)."Geográfica Descripción de la parte Septentrional del Polo Ártico de la América... etc.. México. Pp. VII-X.</ref> Los voluminosos libros escritos por él en el pasado de su país de origen Estado de México, Oaxaca, son muy raros y valiosos, aunque no absolutamente fiables sobre ciertos temas.

Fue cura de varias parroquias de indios y se dice que su conocimiento de las lenguas nativas, la zapoteca y mixteca, fue muy completo. En 1649 se convirtió en Superior provincial de la Provincia de San Hipólito y tomó parte en el capítulo general de su orden en Roma en 1656.

Regresó a México con el título de vicario general, miembro de la Inquisición española, y comisario e inspector de Bibliotecas de Nueva España (México), en la Provincia de Antequera en 1662. Él estaba interesado en varias fundaciones y mejoras eclesiásticas, y era muy respetado en el momento de su muerte. Las dos obras históricas y geográficas a través de las cuales es más conocido son la Palestra Histórica, ó Historia de la Provincia de San Hipólito de Oaxaca, de la Orden de Predicadores (México, 1670), y la Geográfica Descripción de la parte Septentrional del Polo Ártico de la América y, Nueva Iglesia de las Indias Occidentales, y Sitio Astronómico de esta Provincia de Predicadores de Antequera Valle de Oaxaca" (México, 1674). Publicó una serie de sermones y escribió también Itinerario de Oaxaca a Roma y de Roma a Oaxaca.

 Referencias

 Bibliografía
BURGOA, Fray Francisco de. (1674). Geográfica descripción de la parte  Septentrional del polo ártico de la América y  nueva iglesia  de las indias occidentales y sitios astronómicos de esta provincia de predicadores de Antequera, Valle de Oaxaca, T. I y II México, Editorial Porrúa, 1989.
MÉNDEZ Martínez , Enrique / Enrique Méndez Torres (2011). Historia de los pueblos indígenas de Oaxaca. Extractos de las obras palestra historial y geográfica descripción. Escritas por el fraile dominico Francisco de Burgoa, Adabi de México / Fundación Alfredo Harp Helú ISBN 978-607-416-206-6
 PINELO, Epitome de la biblioteca oriental y occidental (Madrid, 1737)
 Nicolás Antonio, Bibliotheca hispana nova (Madrid, 1733–38)
EGUIARA y Eguren, Juan José, Biblioteca mexicana (México, 1755)
BERISTÁIN y Souza, José Mariano, Biblioteca hispano-americana etc. (Amecameca, 1883)
 Brasseur de Bourbourg, Bibl. mexico-guatemalienne'' (Paris, 1871).

Enlaces externos
 Biblioteca Francisco de Burgoa en la Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes.

Historiadores de México
Historiadores de México colonial
Dominicos de México
Dominicos de España del siglo XVII
Nacidos en el siglo XVII
Oaxaqueños
Religiosos de Nueva España
Fallecidos en Tepotzotlán

Francisco de Burgoa


Bovenau er en kommune og en by i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Eiderkanal i den centrale del af Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde. Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde ligger i den centrale del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Bovenau ligger ca. 10 km øst for Rendsborg ved Bundesautobahn 210 fra Rendsborg mod Kiel. Nord for byen ligger den tidligere Ejderkanal med slusen ved Kluvensiek og Kielerkanalen.

Bygninger

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde

Bovenau


Les attentats d'Achoura en Afghanistan sont une série d'attentats anti-chiites ayant eu lieu à Kaboul et Mazâr-e Charîf,  lors de la fête d'Achoura.

Le , alors que la communauté chiite duodécimaine commémore la mort de l'imam Hussein lors de la fête d'Achoura, à Kaboul, un homme enclenche sa ceinture d'explosif au milieu d'hommes venue rendre culte dans un sanctuaire dédiée au saint Adul Fazl, parallèlement, à Mazâr-e Charîf, une bombe explose près d'une mosquée chiite. À Kandahar, une bombe explose près d'une mosquée chiite. Cette triple attaques fait au moins 80 morts et 160 blessés.

Déroulement

Kaboul

Le  vers midi, alors que la communauté chiite duodécimaine célèbre Achoura dans le sanctuaire dédié au saint Abul Fazl à Kaboul, un homme portant un sac à dos remplis d'explosif, en plus d'une ceinture d'explosif, enclenche son dispositif au milieu de la foule. L'énorme explosion entraîne la mort de plus de 70 fidèles, dont un Américain.

Mazâr-e Charîf

Un peu après l'attentat de Kaboul, une bombe cachée dans un vélo est enclenchée à distance près de la mosquée bleue, lieu de culte chiite à Mazâr-e Charîf, quatre personnes venues fêter Achoura sont tuées.

Revendication

Après l'attaque, un militant du Lashkar-e-Jhangvi a déclaré à la BBC que son groupe était à l'origine des attaques, en raison du passif du groupe dans les attaques contre la communauté chiite, et de son idéologie anti-chiite clairement avoué, cette thèse paraît la plus probable. Selon le porte-parole du département d'État américain Mark Toner, le groupe est bien responsable des attaques.

Le ministre de l'interieur, Bismillah Khan Mohammadi, quant à lui a accusé les talibans d'avoir orchestré l'attentat du sanctuaire de Kaboul, mais le porte-parole des talibans Zabihullah Mujahid a nié toute implication des talibans avec cet attentat.

Notes et références

Attentat en Afghanistan
Terrorisme en 2011
2011 en Afghanistan
Décembre 2011

Attentats d'Achoura en Afghanistan (2011)


Kumar Sanu (Calcuta, 23 de septiembre de 1957) es un cantante de doblaje indio de Bollywood. Particularmente conocido en la industria cinematográfica de la India desde 1984, ha recibido numerosos premios, incluyendo el Padma Shri. Kumar Sanu, junto a Mohammed Rafi y Kumar Kishore, es considerado uno de los cantantes más importantes de la India.

Nació como Kedarnath Bhattacharya (কেদারনাথ ভট্টাচার্য en bengalí).
Su padre, Pashupati Bhattacharjee, también fue cantante y compositor de la música india, quien le enseñó a cantar y a tocar el tablá. Kumar obtuvo una licenciatura en la carrera de Comercio en la Universidad de Calcuta. En 1979 actuó ante un público limitado. Su carrera comenzó en 1987 cuando Jagjit Singh le pidió que interpretara un tema musical para una película titulada Aandhiyan, lo que llevó a Kumar a iniciarse en Bombay. Entre sus influencias, se encontraba Kishore Kumar. Kumar cantó con la participación junto a otras estrellas indias como
Naushad,
Burman RD,
Jatin Lalit,
Ismail Darbar,
Pyarelal Laxmikant,
Naushad,
Jain Ravindra,
Mangeshkar Hridayanath y
Kalyanji Anandji,
entre otros

Premios

Premios a la mejor interpretación

 1990: «Ab tere bin jeelenge hum», de la película Aashiqui.
 1991: «Mera Dil Bhi Kitna Pagal Hai», de la película Saajan.
 1992: «Sochenge Tumhe Pyaar», de la película Deewana.
 1993: «Yeh Kaali Kaali Aankhen», de la película Baazigar.
 1994: «Ek Ladki Ko Dekha», de la película 1942: A Love Story.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Calcuta
Cantantes masculinos de India
Premio Padma Shri

Kumar Sanu


A G-type main-sequence star (spectral type: G-V), also often, and imprecisely called a yellow dwarf, or G star, is a main-sequence star (luminosity class V) of spectral type G. Such a star has about 0.9 to 1.1 solar masses and an effective temperature between about 5,300 and 6,000 K. Like other main-sequence stars, a G-type main-sequence star converts the element hydrogen to helium in its core by means of nuclear fusion, but can also fuse helium when hydrogen runs out. The Sun, the star in the center of the Solar System to which the Earth is gravitationally bound, is an example of a G-type main-sequence star (G2V type). Each second, the Sun fuses approximately 600 million tons of hydrogen into helium in a process known as the proton–proton chain (4 hydrogens form 1 helium), converting about 4 million tons of matter to energy. Besides the Sun, other well-known examples of G-type main-sequence stars include Alpha Centauri, Tau Ceti, and 51 Pegasi.

Description
The term yellow dwarf is a misnomer, because G-type stars actually range in color from white, for more luminous types like the Sun, to only very slightly yellowish for less massive and luminous G-type main-sequence stars. The Sun is in fact white, but it can often appear yellow, orange or red through Earth's atmosphere due to atmospheric Rayleigh scattering, especially at sunrise and sunset. In addition, although the term "dwarf" is used to contrast G-type main-sequence stars with giant stars or bigger, stars similar to the Sun still outshine 90% of the stars in the Milky Way (which are largely much dimmer orange dwarfs, red dwarfs, and white dwarfs which are much more common, the latter being stellar remnants).

A G-type main-sequence star with the mass of the Sun will fuse hydrogen for approximately 10 billion years, until the hydrogen element is exhausted at the center of the star. When this happens, the star rapidly expands, cooling and darkening as it passes through the subgiant branch and ultimately expanding into many times its previous size at the tip of the red giant phase, about 1 billion years after leaving the main sequence. After this, the star's degenerate helium core abruptly ignites in a helium flash fusing helium, and the star passes on to the horizontal branch, and then to the asymptotic giant branch. Expanding even further as helium starts running out as it pulses violently, the star's gravity is not sufficient to hold its outer envelope, resulting in significant mass loss and shedding. The ejected material remains as a planetary nebula, radiating as it absorbs energetic photons from the photosphere. Eventually, the core begins to fade as nuclear reactions cease, and becomes a dense, compact white dwarf, which cools slowly from its high initial temperature as the nebula fades.

Spectral standard stars

The revised Yerkes Atlas system (Johnson & Morgan 1953) listed 11 G-type dwarf spectral standard stars; however, not all of these still exactly conform to this designation.

The "anchor points" of the MK spectral classification system among the G-type main-sequence dwarf stars, i.e. those standard stars that have remained unchanged over years, are beta CVn (G0V), the Sun (G2V), Kappa1 Ceti (G5V), 61 Ursae Majoris (G8V). Other primary MK standard stars include HD 115043 (G1V) and 16 Cygni B (G3V). The choices of G4 and G6 dwarf standards have changed slightly over the years among expert classifiers, but often-used examples include 70 Virginis (G4V) and 82 Eridani (G6V). There are not yet any generally agreed upon G7V and G9V standards.

Habitability

G-type main sequence stars can provide habitability for life to develop, such as the Sun with life on Earth.

Planets
Besides the Sun and its planets, some of the nearest G-type stars known to have planets include 61 Virginis, HD 102365, HD 147513, 47 Ursae Majoris, Mu Arae, and Tau Ceti.

See also
 G-dwarf problem
 Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
 Solar analog
 Star count, survey of stars
 Yellow hypergiant

References

External links

Star types

G-type main-sequence star


Le service d'urgence de l'État () jusqu'au 24 décembre 2012, maintenant le ministère des situations d'urgence (), est le principal organe exécutif chargé de mener à bien la politique de l'État dans le domaine de la protection civile, du sauvetage, de la création et de la gestion du système de documentation du fonds d'assurance, de l'utilisation des déchets radioactifs, de la protection de la population et du territoire dans les situations d'urgence, de la prévention des urgences et de la réponse apportée, la liquidation judiciaire et la catastrophe de Tchernobyl. Il est abrégé en ДСНС [України]. Le ministère gère son domaine d'opérations et est entièrement responsable de leur développement. Il administre aussi directement la Zone d'exclusion de Tchernobyl située juste au nord de Kiev.

Placée sous la tutelle du ministère de l'Intérieur, la devise de l'agence est « Prévenir, sauver, aider » ().

En 2022, il est fortement mobilisé dans le cadre des bombardements de l'armée russe liés à l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie.

Le 18 janvier 2023, un hélicoptère transportant le ministre de l'Intérieur Denys Monastyrsky s'est écrasé sur une école maternelle à Brovary, en Ukraine. Le ministre, son premier adjoint Levgueni Lenine, 42 ans et un autre haut responsable du ministère ainsi que plusieurs enfants et civils y ont perdu la vie.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Prévention incendie,
Base aérienne de Nijyn,
 Lutte contre l'incendie,
 Recherche et sauvetage,
 Ministère des Situations d'urgence (Russie),
 Invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie en 2022.

Liens externes
 Official Website of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine
 Droit ukrainien sur Civil Defense Forces

Politique en Ukraine
Ministère ukrainien
Organisme fondé en 1991
Association ou organisme de secours d'urgence

Ministère des Situations d'urgence (Ukraine)


Jean-Claude Scherrer (* 20. Juli 1978 in Uznach) ist ein Schweizer Tennisspieler.

Karriere
Scherrer begann seine Profilaufbahn 1998. In seiner Karriere gewann er 7 Doppeltitel auf der Challenger Tour und stand zweimal im Finale eines Turniers der World Tour. 2006 unterlag er in Gstaad an der Seite von Marco Chiudinelli, 2009 in Chennai mit Stanislas Wawrinka. Bei Grand-Slam-Turnieren erreichte er sein bestes Ergebnis 2008 bei den French Open, als er bis ins Achtelfinale einzog.

Erfolge

Doppel

Finalteilnahmen

Weblinks

Tennisspieler (Schweiz)
Geboren 1978
Mann
Schweizer

Jean-Claude Scherrer


El código de pañuelos (traducción del inglés handkerchief code y también conocido como hanky code o flagging) es un medio de comunicación no verbal usado en diferentes ámbitos sociales y políticos, por lo que depende del contexto que un tipo de pañuelo tenga un significado u otro, incluyendo su color, estampado y parte del cuerpo donde una persona lo vista.

Actualmente sus usos son en su mayoría estéticos y son muy utilizados en el mundo de la moda, pero abarcan una gran serie de utilidades y significados además de ser meramente accesorios; siempre va a depender de que la gente tome ciertos colores como simbolismo de un movimiento en una época concreta.

Orígenes
Un tipo de pañuelo de muy amplia extensión a lo largo del tiempo es la bandana Paisley y sus característicos estampados denominados ¨de cachemira¨, cuyos orígenes se remontan a la antigua Persia y tratan las formas naturales del rocío de las flores y árboles, como el ciprés, en representación del simbolismo de la vida y eternidad de la religión zoroástrica, propia de los Persas a partir del siglo VI a.C.

Hasta que las sociedades occidentales empezarán a implementarlos, en regiones asiáticas o hindúes simbolizaban también la fertilidad y un cúmulo de ideologías que acabaron perdiéndose al tratarse como accesorios en Europa a principios del siglo XVIII y viralizándose por las distintas subculturas inglesas y posteriormente americanas.

Pañuelos y cowboys
Los cowboys se trataban de jinetes (o más comúnmente vaqueros) asalariados y encargados de cuidar el ganado. La cultura popular y el cine de los años 30 popularizó la figura de estos jinetes y estereotipó en muchas ocasiones su vestimenta, incluyendo las bandanas que usaban para viajes a caballo y útiles para protegerse de polvo o arena de las zonas áridas de México y Estados Unidos.

Llevar bandanas de colores alrededor del cuello además de ser corriente a mediados y finales del siglo XIX entre los vaqueros, los maquinistas de ferrocarriles y mineros del oeste de Estados Unidos también las utilizaron por razones ideológicas o utilitarias.

Pañuelos y la cultura roquera y política
Los pañuelos se extendieron entre las comunidades roqueras entre los años 50 y 60, por lo que el movimiento roquero fue por muchos años la razón principal del uso de estos accesorios, sumado a que fue el género que predominó por décadas en el panorama musical, sus estilos y combinaciones al llevarlos en la cabeza, muñeca o vestimenta se contagió en las subculturas y bandas callejeras, por ejemplo en moteros o revolucionarios. A lo largo del tiempo los colores han sido popularmente politizados con ciertos movimientos, por lo que depende del país, el color del pañuelo y el contexto en el que se use para saber si la persona que lo viste está posicionado ideológicamente con algo.

Código de pañuelos en la comunidad lgbt+
En el ambiente gay, generalmente en los lugares donde se buscan relaciones sexuales esporádicas o en los locales de cultura leather donde se practica el BDSM, para indicar la práctica sexual en que se está interesado, los fetichismos sexuales que se prefieren, y si se es activo o pasivo. El uso del código de pañuelos se generalizó entre los homosexuales y bisexuales estadounidenses a principios de los años 1970, y luego en el resto de Occidente.

Este código de colores consiste en llevar un pañuelo de color, generalmente colgado de los bolsillos traseros del pantalón, atado a las trabillas o al brazo. El pañuelo situado en la parte izquierda indica que se es activo —o el que ejecuta la acción determinada por el color del pañuelo— y en la derecha, pasivo —o el que recibe la acción determinada por el color del pañuelo—. Esta polaridad izquierda/derecha se originó en el uso de un juego de llaves en la trabilla izquierda por los activos y en la derecha por los pasivos pertenecientes a la cultura leather. También los pañuelos pueden usarse atados al cuello —lo que indica que se es versátil, es decir, que tanto ejecuta como recibe la acción determinada por el color del pañuelo—, con el nudo a la izquierda o a la derecha, al tobillo o en otras partes del cuerpo. Además de con pañuelos, el código puede señalarse con brazaletes de cuero y pulsera de plástico de los mismos colores.

Aunque existe un consenso generalizado sobre el significado de los colores básicos (amarillo para urolagnia, blanco para masturbación, marrón para coprofilia y negro para sadomasoquismo), existe más de una lista extendida de colores, por lo que el significado de algunos de ellos puede cambiar regionalmente.
Se cree que los hombres gais de San Francisco tomaron la idea de usar pañuelos después de la fiebre del oro de California (1848-1855) —época en la cual, debido a la falta de mujeres, los hombres se divertían bailando el square dance con otros hombres, desarrollándose un código de colores para señalar qué posición tomaba cada cual en la danza: los que llevaran una bandana azul desempeñarían el papel de hombres y los que llevaran una bandana roja, el de mujeres—. Estos pañuelos se llevaban atados al brazo, colgando del cinturón o del bolsillo trasero del pantalón vaquero. Otra teoría sobre el origen del código de pañuelos señala su aparición en la ciudad de Nueva York a finales de 1970 o a principios de 1971, cuando un periodista del semanario The Village Voice bromeó que en lugar de andar dando claves para indicar si uno era activo o pasivo, sería más fácil anunciarlo sutilmente llevando pañuelos de diferentes colores.

Colores

La lista básica y más generalizada consta de once colores. Está implícita la polaridad izquierda/derecha en todos los colores de la lista: situar el pañuelo a la izquierda indica que se desea ser el miembro activo o dominante de la pareja o quien ejecute la acción, mientras que a la derecha indica que se desea ser el miembro pasivo o sumiso de la pareja o quien reciba la acción, según cada color —sin embargo, esto puede resultar ambiguo en algunos casos: por ejemplo, el pañuelo azul claro a la izquierda indica que desea sexo oral y a la derecha, que hace sexo oral—.

Además de pañuelos, también pueden usarse brazaletes de cuero o pulseras de plástico de colores con el mismo código.

Véase también
Rock and roll
Vaquero
Bandana (indumentaria)
Argot LGBT
 Homosocialización
 Hombres que tienen sexo con hombres
 Homoerotismo
 Homosexualidad

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Gage, Simon; Lisa Richards y Howard Wilmot (2002) (en inglés). Queer New York. Unanimous Ltd. ISBN 1-56025-377-0 pp. 82
 Jacques, Trevor H. (1993) (en inglés). On the Safe Edge: A Manual for SM Play. Toronto: Whole SM Publishing. ISBN 978-1-89585-705-4.

Enlaces externos
 Alle Hanky Codes (en alemán)
Valentina Esponda

Codificación
Cultura LGBT
Pañuelos
Símbolos LGBT
Subcultura Leather
Terminología BDSM

Código de pañuelos


Prins Konstantin-Alexios af Grækenland og Danmark eller Konstantin Alexios (græsk: Κωνσταντίνος Αλέξιος (translittereret: Konstantinos Alexios); født 29. oktober 1998) er medlem af den græske kongelige familie, som den ældste søn og andet barn af kronprins Pavlos og kronprinsesse Marie-Chantal af Grækenland.
Han er nummer et i linjen i arvefølgen til den tidligere trone i Grækenland efter sin far kronprins Pavlos. Hans bedsteforældre på fædrene side er Konstantin 2. og Anne-Marie af Grækenland, som var den sidste konge og dronning af Grækenland.

Uddannelse
Konstantin-Alexios har haft sin skolegang på Wellington College i England som han afsluttede i 2017. Han læser nu kunst på Georgetown University i USA.

Bopæl
Prinsen bor til dagligt i Washington D.C. i USA. men er opvokset i Chelseaområdet i London.

Anetavle

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Personer fra New York City
Dansk-amerikanere
Engelsk-amerikanere
Prinser fra Danmark
Prinser fra Grækenland


Skjaldarmerki Nígeríu er svartur skjöldur með liðaðri, hvítri árkvísl sem táknar samflæði fljótanna Níger og Benúe við Lokoja. Svarti skjöldurinn táknar frjósama jörð Nígeríu og hvítu hestarnir sem standa hvorum megin við hann tákna reisn. Rauði örninn ofan á skildinum táknar styrk og grænu og hvítu böndin sem hann stendur á tákna gjöfulan jarðveg landsins.

Rauðu blómin við grunninn eru Costus spectabilis, þjóðarblóm Nígeríu. Þetta blóm var valið á skjaldarmerkið þar sem það er að finna um alla Nígeríu og er táknrænt fyrir fegurð landsins. Á borðanum neðst á skjaldarmerkinu standa kjörorð Nígeríu frá 1978: "Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress" (ísl. "Samheldni og trú, friður og framfarir"). Áður stóð "Peace, Unity, Freedom" (ísl. "Friður, samheldni, frelsi").

Tilvísanir

Nígería
Nígería

Skjaldarmerki Nígeríu


Feuillants. Fransız İhtilalinden sonra kurulmuş olan mecliste " parlamenter monarşi " yi savunan bir partidir. Doğal olarak jakobenleri ve club des cordeliers üylerini karşılarında buldular. 1793'te Barnave (fr), Lariviere (fr), Herault (fr), Chapelier (fr) gibi önde gelen isimleri idam edilince kendi kendine çökmüştür.

Fransız Devrimi'nde gruplar
1791'de Fransa'da kurulan oluşumlar
1790'larda kurulan siyasi partiler
1793'te kapatılan siyasi partiler

Feuillants


Doğu Makedonya ve Trakya (Yunanca: Ανατολική Μακεδονία και Θράκη - Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki), Yunanistan'ın on üç idari bölgesinden biridir.

 Yunanistan Makedonyası:
 Drama ili (Yunanca: Δράμα, Drama), başkent Drama
 Kavala ili (Yunanca: Καβάλα, Kavala), başkent Kavala

 Yunanistan Trakyası:
 İskeçe (Yunanca: Ξάνθη, Ksanti), başkent İskeçe
 Rodopi ili (Yunanca: Ροδόπη, Rodópi), başkent Gümülcine
 Evros ili (Yunanca: Έβρος, Évros), başkent Dedeağaç

Harita
 Doğu Makedonya ve Trakya Haritası

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Doğu Makedonya ve Trakya - Web Sitesi

Doğu Makedonya ve Trakya


Knapdale (, ) forms a rural district of Argyll and Bute in the Scottish Highlands, adjoining Kintyre to the south, and divided from the rest of Argyll to the north by the Crinan Canal. It includes two parishes, North Knapdale and South Knapdale. The area is bounded by sea to the east and west (Loch Fyne and the Sound of Jura respectively), whilst the sea loch of West Loch Tarbert almost completely cuts off the area from Kintyre to the south. The name is derived from two Gaelic elements: Cnap meaning hill and Dall meaning field.

Knapdale gives its name to the Knapdale National Scenic Area, one of the forty national scenic areas in Scotland, which are defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure their protection from inappropriate development. The designated area covers  in total, of which  is on land and  is marine (i.e. below low tide level).

Geography

The A83 runs up the eastern coastline of the area between Tarbert and Lochgilphead; the B8024 also links these two places (which lie outwith Knapdale), but does so via a much longer route along the north shore of West Loch Tarbert and the western coast of South Knapdale. Most of the western coastline of North Knapdale is accessible by two unclassified roads, although there is a gap between Kilmory and Ellary where the route is not public road. The B8024 through Knapdale forms part of Route 78 of the National Cycle Network, which runs between Inverness and Campbeltown.

The western coast of Knapdale is deeply indented by two sea lochs, Loch Sween and Loch Caolisport. The highest point within Knapdale is Stob Odhar, at  above sea level. Alongside Stob Odhar, two other summits within Knapdale are sufficiently prominent to be categorised as Marilyns: Cruach Lusach () and Cnoc Reamhar (), however there are no summits above  in the area.

Places in Knapdale include:
Achahoish
Achnamara
Ardrishaig
Crinan
Kilberry
Kilmory
Tayvallich

Demographics
The United Kingdom Census 2001 reported a population of 2345 people in South Knapdale and 491 in North Knapdale, a total of 2836 for the district. This represents a slight increase over the 1991 figure of 2704, when there were 439 people living in North Knapdale, and 2265 in South Knapdale. Census figures for the 19th and 20th centuries show a continuing and steady decline of population in North Knapdale, from a peak of around 2700 in 1825 to under 500 in 1950. Possible boundary changes make historic comparisons for South Knapdale less certain, but this part of the region appears not to have suffered the same depopulation as the north, and even modest growth, a rise from around 1750 in 1801 to around 2700 in 1901.

History

Gaels and Norwegians

In the early first millennium, following an Irish invasion, Gaelic peoples colonised the surrounding area, establishing the kingdom of Dál Riata. The latter was divided into a handful of regions, controlled by particular kin groups, of which the most powerful, the Cenél nGabráin, ruled over Knapdale, along with Kintyre, the region between Loch Awe and Loch Fyne (Craignish, Ardscotnish, Glassary, and Glenary), Arran, and Moyle (in Ulster). Dunadd, the capital of Dál Riata, was located in this region, slightly to the north of the modern day limit of Knapdale, in what was then marshland.

This Gaelic kingdom thrived for a few centuries, but was ultimately destroyed when Norse Vikings invaded, and established their own domain, spreading more extensively over the islands north and west of the mainland. Following the unification of Norway, they had become the Norwegian Kingdom of the Isles, locally controlled by Godred Crovan, and known by Norway as Suðreyjar (Old Norse, traditionally anglicised as Sodor), meaning southern isles. The former territory of Dal Riata acquired the geographic description Argyle (now Argyll): the Gaelic coast.

In 1093, Magnus, the Norwegian king, launched a military campaign to assert his authority over the isles. Malcolm, the king of Scotland, responded with a written agreement, accepting that Magnus' had sovereign authority of over all the western lands that Magnus could encircle by boat. The unspecific wording led Magnus to have his boat dragged across the narrow isthmus at Tarbert, while he rode within it, so that he would thereby acquire Kintyre, in addition to the more natural islands of Arran and Bute.

Supposedly, Magnus's campaign had been part of a conspiracy against Malcolm, by Donalbain, Malcolm's younger brother. When Malcolm was killed in battle a short time later, Donalbain invaded, seized the Scottish kingdom, and displaced Malcolm's sons from the throne; on becoming king, Donalbain confirmed Magnus' gains. Donalbain's apparent keenness to do this, however, weakened his support among the nobility, and Malcolm's son, Duncan, was able to depose him.

A few years later, following a rebellion against Magnus' authority in the Isles, he launched another, fiercer, expedition to re-assert his authority. Many of the rebels, and their forces, sought refuge; they chose to flee to Kintyre and Knapdale. In 1098, being aware of Magnus' ferocity, the new Scottish king, Edgar (another son of Malcolm), quitclaimed to Magnus all sovereign authority over the isles, and the whole Kintyre peninsula - including Knapdale.

In the Isles

In the mid 12th century, Somerled, the husband of Godred Crovan's granddaughter, led a successful coup, and seized the kingship of the Isles.

During the later part of this century, Knapdale was evidently possessed by Suibhne, eponym of both Castle Sween and the MacSweens. In 1262, following increasing hostility between Norway and Scotland, the Scots forced Suibhne's heir, Dubhghall, to give up his lands - including Knapdale - to Walter Stewart, Earl of Menteith. In 1263, Hákon Hákonarson, King of Norway launched an invasion of Scotland to reassert Norwegian sovereignty. One of his supporters was Murchadh Mac Suibhne, who was rewarded with the Isle of Arran for his services. Nevertheless, following Hákon's death later that year, Magnús Hákonarson, King of Norway ceded the Suðreyjar to Alexander III, King of Scotland, by way of the Treaty of Perth, in return for a very large sum of money.

Early Scottish Knapdale

By the 13th century, Somerled's descendants had formed into three main families: the MacDougalls, MacRorys and the MacDonalds. At the end of the century, a dispute arose over the Scottish kingship between John Balliol and Robert de Bruys; the MacSweens backed John, hoping to recover Knapdale, the MacDougalls also took John's side, while the MacDonalds and MacRory backed de Bruys. When de Bruys defeated John, he declared the MacDougall lands forfeit, and gave them to the MacDonalds; the MacSweens largely became gallowglass mercenaries in Ireland. De Bruys awarded landlordship of the MacSween's former Knapdale lands to Walter's descendants.

The head of the MacDonald family married the heir of the MacRory family, thereby acquiring the remaining share Somerled's realm, and transforming it into the Lordship of the Isles, which lasted for over a century. After 4 years and 3 children, he divorced Amy, and married Margaret, the daughter of Robert II, the Scottish king, who gave him Knapdale as a dowry.

In 1462, however, John, the then Lord of the Isles, plotted with the English king to conquer Scotland; civil war in England delayed the discovery of this for a decade. Upon the discovery, in 1475, there was a call for forfeiture, but a year John calmed the matter, by quitclaiming Ross (Easter, Wester, and Skye), Kintyre, and Knapdale, to Scotland.

As a comital province (medieval Latin:provincia), Knapdale was extended to include the adjacent lands between Loch Awe and Loch Fyne, which had been under MacSween lordship. In shrieval terms, Knapdale was initially served by the Sheriff of Perth; 5 years later, however, it was transferred to Tarbertshire. Gradually, when the Campbells to the east and north grew more powerful, the centre of power shifted towards them, and the sheriff court moved to Inveraray at the extreme northeast of the then Knapdale. Somewhat inevitably, in 1633, shrieval authority was annexed by the sheriff of Argyll.

When the comital powers were abolished by the Heritable Jurisdictions Act, provincial Knapdale ceased to exist, and the term came to exclusively refer to the present district, south of Lochgilphead. In 1899, counties were formally created, on shrieval boundaries, by a Scottish Local Government Act; the district of Knapdale – together with the rest of the former province – therefore became part of the County of Argyll.

Modern times
Knapdale Forest, planted in the 1930s, covers much of the region. During the 1930s, the Ministry of Labour supplied the men from among the unemployed, many coming from the crisis-hit mining and heavy industry communities of the Central Belt. They were housed in one of a number of Instructional Centres created by the Ministry, most of them on Forestry Commission property; by 1938, the Ministry had 38 Instructional Centres across Britain. The camp was used to hold enemy prisoners during the Second World War. The hutted camp in Knapdale was located at Cairnbaan, just south of the Crinan Canal, and a surviving building remains in use as a Forestry and Land Scotland workshop.

Following late 20th century reforms, Knapdale is now within the wider region of Argyll and Bute.

Ownership
Much of Knapdale is in the ownership of Forestry and Land Scotland. The two largest private estates are located to either side of Loch Caolisport: the Ellary & Lochead Estate covers  on the north side of the loch, whilst the Ormsary covers  on the southern side. Ormsay Estate belongs to Sir William Lithgow, 2nd Baronet of Ormsay and vice-chairman of Scottish shipbuilding company Lithgows.

A  estate in the area belongs to former chief executive of Network Rail, Iain Coucher. Nick-named "Iainland", the property was purchased by Coucher in 2010 following his controversial departure from the company, and includes two islands in the Sound of Jura.

Historic sites
Local attractions include the Chapel of Keills, which is dedicated to St Cormac and was built in the 1100s. The chapel is home to almost 40 carved stones from the early Christian and Medieval periods, of which the most significant is the eighth century Keills Cross, a free-standing cross similar to those found on Iona. A grave-slab in the chapel has a carving of a clarsach similar to the Queen Mary Harp currently at the Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh, one of only three surviving medieval Gaelic harps. West Highland grave slabs from the Argyll area suggest that Knapdale is where this harp originated. Further early Christian and Medieval carved stones can also be found at Kilberry, and at the thirteenth century Kilmory Knap Chapel. Castle Sween, on the shores of Loch Sween, was built in the twelfth century and is one of the oldest castle on the Scottish mainland that can be dated with any certainty.

Environment
Four lochs within Knapdale (Loch nan Torran, Loch Fuar-Bheinne, Dubh Loch and Loch Clachaig) are collectively designated as a Special Protection Area due to their importance for breeding black-throated divers. The sea loch of Loch Sween has been designated as a Nature Conservation Marine Protected Area (NCMPA). The inner loch contains maerl beds and burrowed mud, and supports a colony of volcano worm, whilst the sea bed in the more strongly tidal areas at the mouth of Loch Sween is composed of coarser sediments. The loch is also home to one of Scotland's most important populations of native oyster.

Taynish National Nature Reserve  is situated within North Knapdale, lying southwest of the village of Tayvallich on the west side of Loch Sween. The reserve encompasses almost all of the Taynish peninsula, which is around  long and  wide. The woodlands at Taynish are often described as a 'temperate rainforest', benefiting from the mild and moist climate brought about by the Gulf Stream. Taynish is owned and managed by NatureScot, and was declared a National Nature Reserve in 1977.

In 2005, the Scottish Government turned down a licence application for unfenced reintroduction of the Eurasian beaver in Knapdale. However, in late 2007 a successful application was made for a release project. The trial was to be run over five years by the Scottish Wildlife Trust and the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, with Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) monitoring the project.
The first beavers were released in May 2009, although the initial release into the wild of 11 animals received a setback during the first year with the disappearance of two animals and the unproven allegation of the illegal shooting of a third. The remaining population was increased in 2010 by further releases, and in November 2016, the Scottish Government announced that beavers could remain permanently, and would be given protected status as a native species within Scotland. Beavers will be allowed to extend their range naturally from Knapdale (and, separately, along the River Tay); however to aid this process and improve the health and resilience of the population a further 28 beavers will be released in Knapdale between 2017 and 2020.

Gallery

Footnotes

References

Field, J. Learning Through Labour: Training, unemployment and the state, 1890–1939, University of Leeds, 1992,
Dwelly, E. Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary New Edition, Birlinn, 2001,

External links

 Knapdale People, the history of modern Knapdale using historic documents.
  - Information on the Knapdale Beaver Trial Introduction.
  - Visitor information for Inveraray, Tarbert, Knapdale, Crinan and Lochgilphead.

Landforms of Argyll and Bute
National scenic areas of Scotland

Knapdale


Hydnora africana, jedna od šest priznatih vrsta u rodu Hydnora, porodica Aristolochiaceae. To je aklorofilna parazitska biljka koja hranu ne dobiva fotosintezom nego hranjive tvari dobivaju iz biljke domaćina, obično neku mlječiku (Euphorbia).

Ovoj biljci samo je cvijet na površini zemlje koji širi neprijatan miris, i privlači kukce i druge oprašivače. Nadzemni smrdljivi dio biljke posebno voli čagalj koji zatim širi njezine sjemenke vršenjem nužde.

Izvori

Kopitnjakovke

Hydnora africana


 آيت السبع الجروف  هي جماعة قروية تابعة لإقليم صفرو ضمن جهة فاس بولمان بالمغرب. بلغ مجموع عدد سكان آيت السبع الجروف''' حسب إحصاءات 2004 حوالي 17400 نسمة يعيشون في 3138 أسرة.

النمو الديموغرافي

إحصاء عام

دواوير الجماعة

 دوار آيت السبع،
 دوار آيت يوسف احمو لوطى،
 دوار آيت واد فل،
 دوار آيت عبو
 دوار آيت الصالح،
 دوار آيت عبد الله،
 دوار المسابيس،
 دوار الحوض،
 الركادة ،
 دوار آيت بلقاسم
 دوار المعايدة

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في إقليم صفرو
جماعات قروية في المغرب
جماعات قروية في إقليم صفرو
جماعات قروية في جهة فاس مكناس

آيت سبع لجروف


A Supercopa Italiana de Voleibol Masculino de 2008 foi a 13ª edição desta competição organizada pela Lega Pallavolo Serie A, consórcio de clubes filiado à Federação Italiana de Voleibol (FIPAV) que ocorreu em 20 de setembro.

O Lube Macerata conquistou seu segundo título da competição ao derrotar o Trentino Volley por 3 sets a 0. O ponteiro neerlandês Jan Willem Snippe foi eleito o melhor jogador da partida.

Regulamento
O torneio foi disputado em partida única.

Equipes participantes

Resultado
|}

Premiação

Ligações externas

Supercopa Italiana de Voleibol Masculino
2008 no voleibol
Desporto na Itália em 2008


Bağırsak, gastrointestinal kanalın mide ile anüs arasındaki kısım. Bağırsaklar, insanlarda ve diğer memelilerde ince bağırsak ve kalın bağırsak olacak şekilde iki ana kısımdan oluşur. Vücudun gıdadan besinlerin çıkarımı ve emiliminden sorumlu kısmı bağırsaktır. Midenin görevi büyük oranda gıda moleküllerinin besinlere parçalamak iken, bağırsak bu besinlerin kana girmesini sağlar.

İnce bağırsak

İnce bağırsak kıvrımlı bir yüzey yapısına sahiptir ki bu besinlerin bağırsak duvarından difüzyonu ve böylece de emilimi için uygun olan yüzey alanını arttırır. Bu mikroskobik kıvrımlara mikrovilli denir. Yetişkin bir insanın ince bağırsağı, ortalama olarak yedi metre uzunluğundadır. İnsanlarda ince bağırsak duodenum,, jejunum ve ileum olmak üzere üç kısma ayrılır.

Kalın bağırsak

Kalın bağırsak veya kolon birkaç çeşit bakteriye ev sahipliği yapmaktadır; bunlar insan vücudunun kendi kendine yok edemeyeceği moleküllerle ilgilenirler. Bu bir simbiyoz örneğidir. Bu bakteriler aynı zamanda bağırsaktaki gaz üretiminin de nedenidirler. Kalın bağırsak ince bağırsağa oranla daha kısadır ve su reabsorpsiyonu ile kuru dışkıyı üretir. İnsanlarda kalın bağırsak çekum, kolon ve rektum olmak üzere üç kısma ayrılır. İnsanlarda çekuma bağlı ucu kapalı bir tüp olan apandis yer alır. Kolon ise kendi içinde çıkan kolon, transvers kolon, inen kolon ve sigmoid kolon olarak bölünmüştür.

Bağırsak hastalıkları
Bu konuda daha fazla bilgi için gastroenteroloji maddesine bakabilirsiniz.

Diğer sindirim sistemi hastalıklarıyla birlikte bağırsak hastalıklarına da bakan tıp dalı gastroenterolojidir.

Gastroenterit, bağırsakların enflamasyonudur ve en yaygın bağırsak hastalığıdır.

Ileüs, bağırsak tıkanıklığıdır.

Apandisit, apandis enflamasyonu. Bu tedavi edilmediği zaman potansiyel olarak ölümcül bir hastalıktır; çoğu durumda apandisit cerrahi müdahaleye gerek duyar.

Çölyak hastalığı kötü emilimin yaygın bir şeklidir. Crohn hastalığı ve ülseratif kolit bağırsakları etkileyen otoimmün hastalıklardandır. Crohn hastalığı tüm gastrointestinal kanalı etkileyebileceği gibi, kolit sadece kalın bağırsağı etkiler.

Ayrıca bakınız
 İnce bağırsak
 Kalın bağırsak
 İshal
 Kabızlık

Gastroenteroloji
Sindirim sistemi

Bağırsak


An Juncus acutiflorus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart ngan Franz Georg Hoffmann. An Juncus acutiflorus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Juncus, ngan familia nga Juncaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Juncus

Juncus acutiflorus


Klavye, bilgisayar veri giriş ögesi.
 Klavye, müzik aletlerinde bulunan bir düzenek, tuş sırası.

Klavye


Das Schloss Müllegg, nach den Erbauern Grimming auch Grimming-Schloss genannt, war ein seit dem frühen 14. Jahrhundert bis Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts bestehendes Schloss auf dem Gelände des heutigen Landeskrankenhauses in der österreichischen Stadt Salzburg im Stadtteil Mülln. Von dem Bauwerk ist nur noch ein Tor und ein öffentlich nicht zugängliches Brunnenhaus erhalten. Ein frühes Grimmingtor wird bereits um 1380 erwähnt.

Schloss Müllegg

Das Schloss Müllegg war stets im Besitz der Familie Grimming. Wie auf einer Radierung von Johann Christian Wirsing zu sehen ist, war das Schloss im 17. Jahrhundert noch im gotischen Stil gestaltet und hatte einen hohen sowie sechs kleinere, spitze Türme. Von der weit verzweigten Familie Grimming ist überliefert, dass Mitglieder derselben das Gnadenbild Maria Plain nach Salzburg gebracht und im Schloss aufbewahrt hatten, und so zur Entstehung des Wallfahrtsortes Maria Plain beitrugen.

Als der Erzbischof Johann Ernst Graf Thun 1692 das heutige St. Johanns-Spital nach Plänen von Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach errichten ließ, wurde das alte Müllegger Schloss  abgerissen. Von dem Schloss ist nur mehr der Torbau inmitten des Spitals erhalten.

Mülleggertor
Das Mülleggertor (Grimmingtor) wurde bereits um 1380 erwähnt, es war das äußerste Stadttor der Vorstadt Mülln auf der Straße von Salzburg nach Maxglan und weiter nach Reichenhall. Von ihm führte eine Mauer bis zum heute nicht mehr bestehenden Wartelsteintor in der Augustinergasse, das bis Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts ein weiteres der Salzburger Stadttore war. Erzbischof Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau schlug diese Gegend der Stadt zu und ließ im Jahre 1607 dicht an dem Schloss das Müllegger- oder Grimming-Tor neu erbauen. An dem prächtig gestalteten Renaissancetor ist das Wappen dieses Erzbischofes auch heute noch zu sehen. Die beiden kleinen Türme am Tor stammen aus der Entstehungszeit. Damals waren über dem Torgewölbe zwei Geschoße, die als Getreidekästen dienten. An den Seiten des Tores befand sich eine Wohnung für den Torhüter.

Brunnenanlage

Um 1800 ist durch einen Unfall, ein Pferdegespann des Walcher-Müllers aus Maxglan war im Gelände der Klinik eingebrochen, ein aufwändig gestaltetes unterirdisches Brunnenhaus entdeckt worden. Sein tief liegendes Becken sammelt Wasser vom Raum des Mönchsberges, das als Grundwasser unter dem Gelände durchströmt; die Sohle der Anlage liegt 4,5 m unter dem Straßenniveau. Nach archäologischen Untersuchungen muss diese Anlage um 1600 entstanden sein und diente der Wasserversorgung von Schloss Müllegg. Es war sicher mit einem Brunnenhaus überbaut, von dem aus man das Wasser vermutlich sowohl mit einem Seil –  mittels einer Ziehvorrichtung – als auch händisch mit Eimern entnehmen konnte, indem man über die Wendeltreppe zum Becken hinabstieg. Die Anlage erinnert u. a. entfernt an den St. Patricksbrunnen in Orvieto.

Der Brunnen ist nicht öffentlich zugänglich.

Weblinks

 Schloss Müllegg auf Salzburgwiki
 Stadtmauern Salzburgs

Literatur
 Herbert Dorn: Spurensuche in Salzburg. Verschwundene Bauwerke und vergessene Kunstschätze aus acht Jahrhunderten. Museum Carolino Augusteum, Salzburg 1996, ISBN 3-901014-49-7.

Mullegg
Zerstört im 17. Jahrhundert
Gotischer Baurest
Schloss Mullegg
Mullegg
Befestigungsanlage in Salzburg

Schloss Müllegg


Charles Potvin, né le  à Mons et mort le  à Bruxelles, est un journaliste, poète, historien, critique, professeur, pamphlétaire belge.

Biographie
Après avoir grandi à Bergen, Potvin s'installe, au terme de ses études à l'université catholique de Louvain et à l'université libre de Bruxelles, à Bruxelles, où il évolue dans les milieux progressistes.

Grand défenseur de la cause flamande au sein d'une Belgique unie, franc-maçon, il publie des centaines d'articles et devient une figure centrale de la vie libérale bruxelloise, tant sur le plan politique et philosophique que sur le plan culturel.

Il cofonde, en 1869, la Revue de Belgique, et entretient des contacts avec de nombreux libres penseurs européens de premier plan, dont Victor Hugo et Giuseppe Mazzini.

Après la mort de l'ancien pensionnaire Hendrik Conscience en 1883, il a passé les dernières années de sa vie dans la maison de son défunt ami, le peintre, sculpteur et lithographe Antoine Wiertz. Il a écrit sous les noms de plume de « Dom Jacobus » et « Dom Liber ».

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Publications partielles
 Poésies et amours, Bruxelles, 1838.
 Poèmes historiques et romantiques, 2 vol., 1840.
 1830. Chansons et poésies, 1847.
 Le Drame du peuple, 1850.
 Le Chansonnier belge, 1850.
 Satires et poésies diverses, 1852.
 Le Poème du soleil, 1855.
 La Mendiante, 1856.
 La Belgique, 1859.
 Le Livre de la nationalité belge. Par Dom Jacobus, Bruxelles, Van Meenen, 1859, 216 p.
 Patrie, 1862.
 En famille, 2 bind, 1862-72.
 L'Art flamand, 1867.
 La Patrie de 1830, 1880.
 Jacques d'Artevelde, 1861.
 Les Gueux, 1863.
 La Mère de Rubens, 1875.
 Du théâtre en Belgique, 1872.
 Nos premiers siècles littéraires, 2 vol., 1870.
 De la littérature française en Belgique avant 1830.
 Histoire des lettres en Belgique, 1830-80.
 Essais de littérature dramatique, 2 vol., 1880.
 Albert et Isabelle, 1861.
 Panégyriques des comtes de Hainaut, Mons, 1862.
 Siger de Brabant, Bruxelles, 1878.
 De la civilisation en Belgique, 1885.
 Baudouin de Condé, 1863.
 Bibliographie de Chrestien de Troyes, 1863.
 Perceval le Gallois, 6 vol., 1866-72.
 L'Art flamand : genre, paysage, histoire, Bruxelles, Lacroix-Verboeckhoven, 1867.
 Le Roman du Renard, mis en vers, avec introduction, 1868.
 Œuvres de Ghillebert de Lannoy, 1878.
 L'Art grec, d'après les découvertes et les études modernes, Bruxelles, P. Weissenbruch, 1895.

Bibliographie
 .
  Christoph De Spiegeleer, Charles Potvin. Bibliografie / Bibliographie, Gant, Liberaal Archief, 2013.
 .

Liens externes

Journaliste belge
Poète belge du XIXe siècle
Historien belge du XIXe siècle
Historien de la littérature
Critique belge
Professeur belge
Conférencier belge
Pamphlétaire
Étudiant de l'université catholique de Louvain
Étudiant de l'université libre de Bruxelles
Personnalité de la franc-maçonnerie belge
Naissance en décembre 1818
Naissance à Mons
Décès en mars 1902
Décès à Bruxelles
Décès à 83 ans

Charles Potvin


Seiko Yamamoto (jap. , Yamamoto Seiko; * 22. August 1980 in Yokohama, Präfektur Kanagawa) ist eine japanische Ringerin. Sie wurde 1999, 2000, 2001 und 2003 Weltmeisterin in den Gewichtsklassen bis 51 kg, 56 kg bzw. 59 kg Körpergewicht.

Werdegang

Seiko Yamamoto begann im Alter von fünf Jahren im Jahre 1985 mit dem Ringen. Sie stammt aus einer Ringerfamilie und ihr erster Trainer war auch ihr Vater, Ikuei Yamamoto. Sie besuchte die Nihon-Universität und ist Mitglied der Ringermannschaft der Universität (English Nihon University Wrestling Club). In der Nationalmannschaft wurde sie von Hideaki Tomiyama und Kazuhito Sakae trainiert.

Die ersten internationalen Erfolge erzielte Seiko Yamamoto im Jahre 1997. Sie war dann auf der internationalen Ringermatte bis zum Jahre 2006 aktiv. Im Jahre 2006 trat sie vom internationalen Mattengeschehen zurück und heiratete den japanischen Handball-Nationalspieler Hideaki Nagashima. Seitdem heißt sie Seiko Nagashima. Im Jahre 2007 wurde sie Mutter eines Sohnes. Seit 2006 betätigte sie sich für verschiedene japanische Fernsehanstalten als Kommentatorin bei Ringer-Wettkämpfen. Im Jahre 2008 berichtete sie auch von den Olympischen Sommerspielen in Peking vom Ringen. Sie wurde dabei vom Geschehen auf der Ringermatte so gepackt, dass sie ein Comeback unternahm und seitdem wieder aktiv ringt.

1997 wurde Seiko Yamamoto in Taipai Asien-Meisterin in der Gewichtsklasse bis 51 kg. Das war der Beginn ihrer internationalen Karriere. 1999 und 2000 wurde sie in Bukarest bzw. in Nantes Junioren-Weltmeisterin in der Gewichtsklasse bis 54 kg. Im Jahre 1999 wurde sie auch erstmals japanische Meisterin und startete bei der Weltmeisterschaft der Damen in Hildursborg/Schweden in der Gewichtsklasse bis 51 kg. Sie holte sich dort mit fünf Siegen in überlegenem Stil ihren ersten Weltmeistertitel. In den entscheidenden Kämpfen besiegte sie dabei Gao Yanzhi aus China und Erica Sharp aus Kanada.

Im Jahre 2000 wurde sie bei der Weltmeisterschaft in Sofia erneut Titelträgerin, dieses Mal aber in der Gewichtsklasse bis 56 kg. Im Finale bezwang sie dabei Tetjana Lasarewa aus der Ukraine. Im Jahre 2001 folgte dann bei der Weltmeisterschaft, die erneut in Sofia stattfand, ihr dritter Titelgewinn. Mit Erin Tomeo, USA, Sun Dongmei, China, Konstantina Katerina Tsibanakou, Griechenland, Lee Na-lae, Südkorea und Ljubow Michailowna Wolossowa, Russland hatte sie dabei fünf schwere Gegnerinnen zu besiegen.

Im Jahre 2002 wurde vom internationalen Ringerverband eine Gewichtsklassenreform durchgeführt. An die Stelle der Gewichtsklasse bis 56 kg trat eine bis 55 kg Körpergewicht. In dieser Gewichtsklasse war Seiko Yamamoto inzwischen in Japan in Saori Yoshida eine unbesiegbare Konkurrentin erwachsen, die Japan in dieser Gewichtsklasse auch bei den Weltmeisterschaften 2002 vertrat. Seiko Yamamoto wurde 2002 in Edmonton Universitäten-Weltmeisterin in der Gewichtsklasse bis 55 kg.

2003 verlor Seiko Yamamoto im Finale der japanischen Meisterschaft in der Gewichtsklasse bis 55 kg gegen Saori Yoshida. Sie wurde daraufhin bei der Weltmeisterschaft dieses Jahres in New York in der Gewichtsklasse bis 59 kg eingesetzt und gewann in dieser Gewichtsklasse zum viertenmal den Weltmeistertitel. In den entscheidenden Kämpfen bezwang sie dabei Marianna Sastin aus Ungarn und Natalja Iwaschko aus Russland. Im Jahre 2004 fanden dann in den Gewichtsklassen bis 48 kg, 55 kg, 63 kg und 72 kg Ringerwettkämpfe bei den Olympischen Spielen statt. Seiko Yamamoto nahm daran nicht teil.

Der letzte größere Erfolg vor ihrem Rücktritt gelang ihr bei den Asien-Meisterschaften 2006 in Alma-Ata. Sie siegte dort in der Gewichtsklasse bis 59 kg vor Su Lihui, China und Su Ying-Tsu aus Taiwan.

Nach ihrem Comeback im Jahre 2008 nahm sie in den Jahren 2009, 2010 und 2011 wieder an den japanischen Meisterschaften teil und zwar in der Gewichtsklasse bis 63 kg. Bei allen drei Meisterschaften konnte sie mit einem 3., einem 2. und wieder einem 3. Platz Medaillen gewinnen. Sie war aber nicht in der Lage, die diese Gewichtsklasse seit Jahren dominierende Olympiasiegerin Kaori Icho zu bezwingen.

Internationale Erfolge

Japanische Meisterschaften

Erläuterungen

 alle Wettbewerbe im freien Stil
 WM = Weltmeisterschaft

Quellen

 Fachzeitschrift Der Ringer
 Website "Foeldeak Wrestling Database"
 Website "www.japan-wrestling.org"

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website "Team Seiko" (japanisch)

Ringer (Japan)
Weltmeister (Ringen)
Japanischer Meister (Ringen)
Geboren 1980
Frau
Japaner

Seiko Yamamoto


هورليفكا (Горлівка) هي مدينة في محافظة دونيتسك في أوكرانيا.

أعلام

 رسلان بونوماريوف
 سيرجي ريبروف
 أليكساندر بونوماريف
 ألكسندر فولكوف ألكسندروفيتش
 ميكيتا شفتشينكو

مراجع

مواقع هولوكوست في أوكرانيا
أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1867
تأسيسات سنة 1779 في روسيا
مدن مقاطعة دونيتسك
مدن ذات أهمية إقليمية في أوكرانيا
مدن وبلدات بنيت في حقبة الإمبراطورية الروسية
مدن وبلدات في أوكرانيا شيدت إبان الإمبراطورية الروسية

هورليفكا (دونيتسك)


Plusieurs  possèdent un boulevard de la Marne :

Boulevard de la Marne à Coulommiers ;
 Boulevard de la Marne à Dijon ;
 Boulevard de la Marne à Marseille ;
 Boulevard de la Marne à Rouen ;
 Boulevard de la Marne à Strasbourg ;
 Boulevard de la Marne à Toulouse.

Voir aussi

Marne, boulevard
Marne, boulevard

Boulevard de la Marne


Pardais Portekiz'de Vila Viçosa belediyesine bağlı olan, 17,83 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 559 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Vila Viçosa

Pardais


Hrvatski Nogometni Klub Hajduk Split (Króatíska knattspyrnufélagið Hajduk Split)  er króatískt knattspyrnufélag. Hajduk þýðir útlagi og löglaus á króatísku. Félagið er staðsett í borginni Split.

Heimaleikirnir hafa verið spilaðir síðan 1979 á Poljud Stadium. Þeirra helstu erkifjendur eru Dinamo Zagreb.

Titlar
 Prva HNL (8): 1941, 1992, 1993–94, 1994–95, 2000–01, 2003–04, 2004–05
 Júgóslavneskir deildarmeistarar (9): 1927, 1929, 1950, 1952, 1954–55, 1970–71, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1978–79
 Króatíska bikarkeppnin (8): 1993, 1995, 2000, 2003, 2010, 2013, 2022, 2023
 Júgóslavneska bikarkeppnin (9): 1967, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1984, 1987, 1991
 Króatíski ofurbikarinn (6): 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 2004, 2005

Árangur í deild

Þekktir leikmenn
  Stipe Pletikosa
  Slaven Bilić
  Igor Štimac
  Alen Bokšić
  Robert Jarni
  Niko Kranjčar

Tilvísanir

Tenglar
 HNK Hajduk Split
 SOCCERWAY
 SOFASCORE
 Transfermarkt
 Globalsportsarchive
 YouTube platforma

Króatísk knattspyrnufélög
Stofnað 1911

HNK Hajduk Split


Lockheed Martin F-117A Nighthawk (Gece Şahini, takma adı The Black Jet - Siyah Jet); radara yakalanmama teknolojisiyle geliştirilmiş ve hizmete girmiş ilk hava aracı. Körfez Savaşı döneminde basında geniş yer bulmuştur. Dünyada sadece ABD Hava Kuvvetleri tarafından kullanılmıştır, ancak ABD Hava Kuvvetleri, elindeki F-117'leri daha başarılı olan yeni nesil F-22'lerle değiştirmiştir.

Vurulamayacağı iddia edilen F-117'lerin bu unvanı, NATO'nun Sırbistan'a müdahalesi esnasında vurulmasıyla sona ermiştir. Bu da F-22'lerle değiştirilmek istenmesinin temel sebeplerinden biriydi. Proje Pentagon'un 1985 yılındaki çalışmalarına dayanmaktaydı.

Radara yakalanmama özelliğini, farklı yönlerde yansıtma gerçekleştiren farklı açılı plakalarla ve malzeme özellikleriyle sağlamaktadır. Onaylanmamakla birlikte uçağın hızı ses hızının biraz altındadır. Gövde tasarımı ve şekli yüzünden ses hızından hızlı uçamaz. Tasarımından dolayı yakıt tüketimi diğer uçaklara göre ekonomik değildir. 860 km'lik uçuş menziline sahiptir. Genel olarak avcı değil bombardıman uçağıdır. Sadece manevra kabiliyeti avcı uçaklarıyla boy ölçüşebilir. Uçak, tasarımı sayesinde radar ekranında bir kuş kadar iz bırakmaktadır. Standart bir uçağı 150 km'den tespit edebilecek bir radarın F-117'yi tespit edebileceği mesafe 3 km'dir, bu mesafede uçak çıplak gözle bile açıkça görülebilir durumdadır.

Lockheed firmasınca üretilen sıra dışı dizayna sahip uçak, egzoz gazının yoğunluğunu azaltabilen bir sisteme sahiptir. Uçak bu sayede kızılötesi güdümleme sistemi kullanan füzelerin takip edebileceği bir iz bırakmaz. 122 milyon dolara mâl olan ve 54 adedinin aktif görevlerde kullanıldığı tek kişilik uçak saatte 1040 km hıza ulaşabilir. 2,3 ton bomba taşıyabilen uçak, termonükleer bomba da taşıyabilir.

Teknik özellikleri
 Mürettebat: 1 Pilot
 Uzunluk: 20,08 m
 Yükseklik: 3,78 m
 Kanat açıklığı: 13,20 m
 Ağırlığı: 23.814 kg
 Servis tabanı: 10,000 m
 Hız: 1040 km/s
 Menzili: 860 km
 Motor : 2× General Electric F404-F1D2 turbofans
 Motorun itiş gücü: 96 kN

Silahlandırma
 Bombalar:
 BLU-109
 GBU-10 Paveway II
 GBU-27
 Füzeler:
 AGM-65 Maverick
 AGM-88 HARM

Kaynakça

1983 tanıtımları
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri savaş uçakları
Bombardıman uçakları
Lockheed uçakları
Hayalet uçaklar
Çift motorlu jetler

Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk


Viktor Amadeo I. (tal. Vittorio Amedeo I) (Torino, Pijemont, 8. svibnja 1587. – Vercelli, Pijemont, 7. listopada 1637.), savojski vojvoda od 1630. godine; sin i nasljednik vojvode Karla Emanuela I. iz Savojske dinastije.

Poslije očeve smrti, Francuzi su okupirali Savoju, no kako se Viktor Amadeo oženio s francuskom princezom Kristinom Burbonskom, uspio je 1631. godine vratiti Savoju i steći jednu trećinu Montferrata. Istovremeno, morao je predati utvrdu Pinerelo Francuzima, koji su time sljedećih šezdeset i pet godina imali kontrolu nad Savojom.

Naslijedio ga je 1637. godine stariji maloljetni sin, Franjo Hijacint koji je umro već sljedeće godine, zbog čega ga je naslijedio mlađi, također maloljetni, sin Karlo Emanuel II. koji je dugo vremena vladao pod skrbništvom svoje majke Kristine Burbonske.

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Viktor Amadeo I. - Britannica Online

Savojci

Viktor Amadeo I.


An Aloe aristata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Adrian Hardy Haworth. An Aloe aristata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aloe, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Aloe

Aloe aristata


Magdalena Montes Ureta (Santiago, ) es una periodista y exanimadora de televisión chilena. Es la exconductora de los programas matinales de La Red Mañaneros, junto a Eduardo Fuentes y Juan José Gurruchaga; y de Mega Mucho gusto junto a José Miguel Viñuela.

Biografía
Hija de Gonzalo Montes Videla y María Eliana Ureta Mackenna, es la segunda de tres hermanas. Nació en Santiago, pero fue criada hasta los diez años en Iquique. Después se mudó junto a su familia a Santiago, donde, luego de finalizar su enseñanza media, ingresó a estudiar periodismo a la Universidad Diego Portales.

A los diecinueve años conoció al agrónomo Sebastián Ruiz-Tagle, con quien entabló una relación sentimental que duró un año y medio, debido a que él se fue a vivir a Holanda. Cuando regresó, dos años después, ambos se reunieron y se casaron. Juntos tienen tres hijas: Colomba, Lía y Sol, y viven en el sector de Chicureo, cerca de Santiago.

Obtuvo popularidad al ser la conductora del programa matinal de Mega, Mucho gusto, junto a los chefs Chris Carpentier, luego Carlo von Mühlenbrock y posteriormente José Miguel Viñuela. Animó el programa desde sus inicios en 2001 hasta diciembre de 2008.

Entre 2011 y 2012 animó el programa matinal de La Red Mañaneros.

Además, condujo junto a Jorge Hevia el programa A toda radio en Radio Bío-Bío y ha sido rostro publicitario de marcas como Coca-Cola, Danone y Dole y Hasbro.

Programas de televisión

Referencias

Enlaces externos
. Reportaje y entrevista de revista Cosas.

Nacidos en Santiago de Chile
Presentadores de televisión de Chile
Periodistas de televisión de Chile
Locutores de radio de Chile
Alumnado del Colegio del Sagrado Corazón, Monjas Inglesas
Alumnado de la Universidad Diego Portales

Magdalena Montes


Jean Delumeau (* 18. Juni 1923 in Nantes; † 13. Januar 2020 in Brest) war ein französischer Historiker und Professor mit dem Schwerpunkt Geschichte der römisch-katholischen Kirche. Er schrieb auch "Geschichte der Angst im Abendland" (La peur en occident, 1978).

Leben
Nach einem 1943 begonnenen geisteswissenschaftlichen Studium an einer École normale supérieure (ENS) trat Delumeau 1947 eine Stelle als Professor am Lycée Alain-Fournier in Bourges an. Von Oktober 1948 bis Oktober 1950 war er Mitglied der École française de Rome. Von Oktober 1950 bis Oktober 1954 war er Professeur de première Supérieure am Lycée Chateaubriand in Rennes. Von Oktober 1954 bis Oktober 1955 war er am Centre national de la recherche scientifique tätig. Im Juni 1955 promovierte er zum Docteur ès Lettres.

Von Oktober 1955 bis Oktober 1970 war er Maître de conférences bzw. Professor für Frühe Neuzeit in Rennes. Von 1964 bis 1970 war er Direktor am Centre Armoricain de Recherches historiques. Von 1970 bis 1975 war er Professor für Frühe Neuzeit an der Universität Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne sowie Direktor von dessen Centre de Recherches d'Histoire Moderne (CRHM). Von 1963 bis 1978 war er Directeur d'études an der École pratique des hautes études (6. Sektion). Ab 1978 war er Directeur associé an der École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales.

Delumeau hielt von 1975 bis 1994 den Lehrstuhl für Histoire des mentalités religieuses am Collège de France in Paris. Ab 1988 gehörte er der Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres und ab 1993 der Academia Europaea an.

Ab 1947 war Jean Delumeau verheiratet, aus der Ehe stammten drei Kinder, darunter der Historiker Jean-Pierre Delumeau.

Wirken
Die ersten wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen bezogen sich auf die Geschichte Roms. 1968 erhielt er den Grand Prix Gobert der Académie française für sein Werk La Civilisation de la Renaissance (1967). Mit seinem Werk Le Christianisme va-t-il mourir ? wurde er 1977 einer breiten Öffentlichkeit bekannt; das Werk wurde ausgezeichnet mit dem Grand prix catholique de littérature. Weitere ausgezeichnete Werke folgten, unter anderem die Geschichte des Paradieses (Une histoire du Paradis) in drei Bänden (1992, 1995 und 2000).

1984 wurde er mit der Ehrendoktorwürde der Universität Porto geehrt. Es folgten Ehrendoktorwürden der kanadischen Université de Sherbrooke (1986), der Universität Lüttich (1992) und der Universidad de Deusto (1996).

Delumeau war Träger des Ordre des Palmes Académiques (Offizier), des Ordre national du Mérite (Offizier), des Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Offizier) sowie Mitglied der Ehrenlegion (Ritter).

Nachruf
Jean Delumeau hatte selbst einen Text verfasst, der zu seinem Tode veröffentlicht werden sollte:

Werke
 Vie économique et sociale de Rome dans la seconde moitié du XVe siècle, 2 Bände, De Boccard, Paris 1957–1959.
 L'Alun de Rome, SEVPEN, Paris 1962.
 Naissance et affirmation de la Réforme, PUF Nouvelle Clio, Paris 1965.
 La Civilisation de la Renaissance, Arthaud, Paris 1967.
 Le Catholicisme entre Luther et Voltaire, PUF Nouvelle Clio, Paris 1971.
 L'Italie de Botticelli à Bonaparte, A. Colin, Paris 1974.
 Le Christianisme va-t-il mourir ? Hachette, Paris 1977.
 La Peur en Occident (XIVe–XVIIIe siècles). Une cité assiégée, Fayard, Paris 1978.
 Angst im Abendland – Die Geschichte kollektiver Ängste im Europa des 14. bis 18. Jahrhunderts, Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-499-55503-4.
 Le Péché et la peur. La culpabilisation en Occident (XIIIe–XVIIIe siècles), Fayard, Paris 1983.
 Rassurer et protéger. Le sentiment de sécurité dans l'Occident d'autrefois, Fayard, Paris 1989.
 L'Aveu et le pardon. Les difficultés de la confession, XIIIe-XVIIIe siècles, Fayard, Paris 1990.
 Une histoire du paradis: I – Le jardin des délices, Fayard, Paris 1992.
 (Hg.) L'Historien et la foi, Fayard, Paris 1996.
 Des Religions et des Hommes, Desclée de Brouwer, Paris 1997.
 Le mystère Campanella, Ed. Fayard, Paris 2008.
 À la recherche du paradis, Éditions Fayard, Paris 2010.
 L'avenir de Dieu, CNRS Éditions, Paris 2015.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Historiker (Frühe Neuzeit)
Mittelalterhistoriker
Kirchenhistoriker
Hochschullehrer (Universität Rennes)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne)
Hochschullehrer (École pratique des hautes études)
Hochschullehrer (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales)
Hochschullehrer (Collège de France)
Mitglied der Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
Mitglied der Academia Europaea
Träger des Ordre des Palmes Académiques (Offizier)
Träger des französischen Nationalverdienstordens (Offizier)
Mitglied der Ehrenlegion (Ritter)
Träger des Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Offizier)
Ehrendoktor der Universität Porto
Ehrendoktor der Universität Lüttich
Franzose
Geboren 1923
Gestorben 2020
Mann

Jean Delumeau


ස්කොට් ජාතිකයන් යනු මහා බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයට අයත් උප රාජ්යක් වන ස්කොට්ලන්තයෙ වාසය කරන ජන කොට්ටශයකි.

ආශ්‍රිත
 ස්කොට්ලන්තය

මහා බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය
ස්කොට්ලන්තය

ස්කොට් ජනයා


المِثْقَب  أو المِثقاب  هو آلة مزودة بلقمة للثقب، تستخدم في تكوين ثقوب وحُفر في المواد المختلفة. تستخدم المثاقب استخدامًا شائعًا في النجارة، وعمليات صنع الأدوات المعدنية، والإنشاءات، والأعمال اليدوية (افعلها بنفسك).

يستخد المثقب بربط ريشة الثقب بلقمة المثقب المتواجدة في رأس المثقب في المقدمة، ويُضغط على زر التشغيل . يقوم رأس لقمة الثقب بعملية الثقب في السطح الراد ثقبه، وذلك بقطع رقاقة من المادة (في حالة المثقب الالتوائي، ومثقاب الخشب)، أو بتجليخ جزيئات صغيرة (في حالة الثقب مع الزيت)، أو تكسير ونزع قطع من المشغولة (في حالة المثقب الرجّاج المستخدم في ثقب الخرسانة).

انظر أيضًا

 مثقاب يدوي

 مثقاب كهربائي

مراجع

آلات تدويرية
أدوات
أدوات ثقب
تشييد

مثقب


The Radicals were a loose parliamentary political grouping in Great Britain and Ireland in the early to mid-19th century who drew on earlier ideas of radicalism and helped to transform the Whigs into the Liberal Party.

History

Early Radicals
The Radical movement arose in the late 18th century to support parliamentary reform, with additional aims including lower taxes and the abolition of sinecures. John Wilkes's reformist efforts in the 1760s as editor of The North Briton and MP were seen as radical at the time, but support dropped away after the Massacre of St George's Fields in 1768. Working class and middle class "Popular Radicals" agitated to demand the right to vote and assert other rights including freedom of the press and relief from economic distress, while "Philosophic Radicals" strongly supported parliamentary reform, but were generally hostile to the arguments and tactics of the Popular Radicals. However, the term "Radical" itself, as opposed to "reformer" or "Radical Reformer", only emerged in 1819 during the upsurge of protest following the successful conclusion of the Napoleonic War. Henry "Orator" Hunt was the main speaker at the Manchester meeting in 1819 that ended in the Peterloo Massacre; Hunt was elected MP for the Preston division in 1830–1832. The "root and branch" of the reforms which the adjective radical suggests, and at the time still strongly in concept denoted by reference to all its previous main uses, is the British constitution, which is not codified or restricted to particular customs, laws or documents.

Radicals and the Great Reform Act
Radicals inside and outside Parliament were divided over the merits of the Whig Reform Act 1832. Some continued to press for the ballot and universal suffrage, but the majority (as mobilised in unions like the Birmingham Political Union) saw abolition of the rotten boroughs as a major step towards the destruction of what they called "Old Corruption" or "The Thing": "In consequence of the boroughs, all our institutions are partial, oppressive, and aristocratic. We have an aristocratic church, an aristocratic bar, an aristocratic game-code, aristocratic taxation....all is privilege".

The 1832 parliament elected on the new franchise – which raised the percentage of the adult population eligible to vote from some 3% to 6% – contained some fifty or sixty Radicals. This number shortly doubled in the 1835 election, leading many to envisage a House of Commons eventually divided between Radicals on the one side and Conservatives (Tories and Whigs) on the other.

In fact, the Radicals failed either to take over an existing party, or to create a new, third force and there were three main reasons. The first was the continuing strength of Whig electoral power in the half-century following the 1832 Act. The latter had expressly been designed to preserve Whig landlord influence in the counties and the remaining small borough – one reason a radical like Henry Hetherington condemned the bill as "an invitation to the shopocrats of the enfranchised towns to join the Whiggocrats of the country".  Whigs were also able to profit in two-member constituencies from electoral pacts made with a more reforming candidate.

Secondly, there was the widening body of reforming opinion inside (and outside) Parliament concerned with other, unrelated causes, including international liberalism, anti-slavery, educational and pro-temperance reforms, admissibility of non-Anglicans ("nonconformists") to positions of power. The latter expanded later to disestablishmentarianism which replaced the old local government units of the simple parish unit vestry by the mid-nineteenth century, devising instead civil (non-religious) parishes for almost all areas.

Thirdly, the Radicals were always more a body of opinion than a structured force.  They lacked any party organisation, formal leadership, or unified ideology. Instead, humanitarian Radicals opposed philosophic Radicals over the Factory Acts; political Radicals seeking a slimmed-down executive opposed Benthamite interventionists; universal suffrage men competed for time and resources with free traders – the Manchester men.

By 1859, the Radicals had come together with the Whigs and the anti-protectionist Tory Peelites to form the Liberal Party, though with the New Radicalism of figures like Joseph Chamberlain they continued to have a distinctive political influence into the closing years of the nineteenth century.

Continuing agitation and reform
Following the First Reform Act, popular demand for wider suffrage was taken up by the mainly working-class movement Chartism. Meanwhile, Radical leaders like Richard Cobden and John Bright in the middle class Anti-Corn Law League emerged to oppose the existing duties on imported grain which helped farmers and landowners by raising the price of food, but which harmed consumers and manufacturers. After the success of the League on the one hand and the failure of Chartist mass demonstrations and petitions in 1848 to sway parliament on the other, demand for suffrage and parliamentary reform slowly re-emerged through the parliamentary radicals.

By 1864, with agitation from John Bright and the Reform League, the Liberal Prime Minister Earl Russell introduced a modest bill which was defeated by both Tories and reform Liberals, forcing the government to resign. A Conservative minority government led by the Earl of Derby and Benjamin Disraeli took office and introduced the Reform Act 1867 – which almost doubled the electorate, giving many working men the vote – in a somewhat opportunistic party fashion.

Further Radical pressure led to the Ballot Act 1872 and the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Act of 1883, followed by the Representation of the People Act 1884. Progressive liberals like John Morley and Joseph Chamberlain continued to value radicalism as a unifying bridge between the classes, and a common goal. However, in 1886 Chamberlain helped form the breakaway Liberal Unionist Party that mostly supported Conservative governments. The long career of David Lloyd George saw him moving from radical views in the 1890s to becoming Prime Minister in coalition with the Conservatives in 1918. From 1900 and the rise of the Labour Party and the gradual achievement of the majority of the original Radical goals, Parliamentary Radicalism ceased to function as a political force in the early twentieth century.

Disappearance as a political party
Radicals were absorbed by the Liberal Party by 1859, but did show their presence as a faction of the Liberal Party.

Literary echoes
 Felix Holt, the Radical (1866), a social novel written by George Eliot, offered a positive view of an idealistic and well-educated committed Radical.
 Beauchamp's Career (1875), a satirical novel written by George Meredith. It portrays life and love in upper-class Radical circles and satirises the Conservative establishment.
 Anthony Trollope offered a more shaded view in his outline for The Way We Live Now (1875), describing his anti-hero as "A scapegrace. Has glimmerings of Radical policy for the good of the people". Economically liberal and laissez-faire, Trollope finds non-radicalism bucolic, extolling the rural county of Suffolk: "The people are hearty, and radicalism is not quite so rampant as it is elsewhere. The poor people touch their hats, and the rich people think of the poor."
 The Difference Engine (1990), an alternative history novel partially based on Sybil, or The Two Nations by Benjamin Disraeli, which includes a fictional Industrial Radical Party.

Prominent Radicals

See also

References

Bibliography

External links
 Getting the vote

1768 establishments in Great Britain
1859 establishments in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom 1800s
Defunct political parties in the United Kingdom
Jacobinism
Left-wing parties in the United Kingdom
Liberal parties in the United Kingdom
Political parties established in 1768
Political parties disestablished in 1859

simple:Radical

Radicals (UK)


Lelia Naylor Morris (15 de abril de 1862    23 de julho de 1929) foi uma escritora de hinos metodista americana. Algumas fontes deram seu primeiro nome como Leila, e outras fontes o deram como Lelia.  Ela  é conhecida como Sra. Charles H. Morris, como (Sra. ) CH Morris, ou como (Sra. ) CHM, tendo adotado os nomes próprios de seu marido após o casamento, seguindo o costume da época.

Morris nasceu em Pennsville, Ohio. Ainda criança, ela se mudou com sua família para Malta, OH. Mais tarde, ela e sua irmã e sua mãe administraram uma loja de chapelaria em McConnelsville, OH. Em 1881, ela se casou com Charles H. Morris. O casal era ativo na Igreja Metodista Episcopal e participava de acampamentos em lugares como Old Camp Sychar, Mount Vernon, OH e Sebring Camp, Sebring, OH. Na década de 1890, ela começou a escrever hinos e canções gospel; foi dito que ela escreveu mais de 1.000 canções e melodias, e que o fez enquanto fazia seus afazeres domésticos. Em 1913, sua visão começou a falhar; seu filho, então, construiu para ela um quadro negro de 28 pés (8,5 m) de comprimento com linhas de pauta ampliadas, para que ela pudesse continuar a compor.

Por volta de 1928, ela e o marido se mudaram para morar com a filha em Auburn, NY, onde ela morreu. Ela está enterrada no cemitério McConnelsville, McConnelsville, OH.

Músicas
 "Você está procurando a plenitude"
 "Traga seus vasos, não poucos", 1912
 "O mundo pode ver Jesus em você"
 "Para um renascimento mundial"
 "Porque Deus amou este mundo pecaminoso"
 "Totalmente entregue a Jesus, o Senhor"
 "Aleluia pelo sangue"
 "Santidade ao Senhor", 1900
 "Hino, lutar!"
 "Eu sei que a promessa de Deus é verdadeira", 1899
 "Que todo o povo te louve", 1906
 "Minha vontade obstinada finalmente se rendeu"
 "Mais perto, ainda mais perto", 1898
 "Poder Santificador", 1908
 "Doce Vontade de Deus", 1900
 " Mais doce com o passar dos anos ", 1912
 "A luta começou" por volta de 1905
 "O estranho da Galiléia"
 "É maravilhoso e maravilhoso"
 "Vitória o tempo todo", 1901
 "Deixe Jesus entrar no seu coração"

Mortos em 1929
Nascidos em 1862
Compositoras
Metodistas dos Estados Unidos

Leila N. Morris


Aachen, (Fransızca: Aix La Chapelle, Felemenkçe: Aken, İspanyolca: Aquisgrán) Almanya'da bir kent. Aachen kenti, Almanya'nın kuzeybatı kesiminde, Kuzey Ren-Vestfalya eyaletinde, Belçika ve Hollanda sınırlarında yer almaktadır.

Nüfusu 248,960'dır. Önemli bir teknik üniversite olan Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule'nin bulunduğu kent, büyük bir linyit çıkarma bölgesinin de Demiryolu merkezidir. Demir-çelik sanayisinin yanı sıra, dokuma, cam, gıda ve kimya sanayileri gelişmiştir. Çevresindeki maden ocakları Romalılar döneminden bu yana işletilmektedir.

Tarih
Şarlman'ın kuzeydeki başkenti ve Karolenj uygarlığının merkezi olan, Otto'dan (936) Ferdinand'a (1531) kadar Kutsal Roma Germen İmparatorları'nın taç giydikleri Aachen, 1794'e kadar özerk imparatorluk kenti statüsünden yararlandı. O tarihte Fransızlar tarafından işgal edilerek; 1815'te, Viyana Kongresi'nde Prusya'ya verildi. I. Dünya Savaşı sonunda İtilaf Devletleri tarafından işgal edildi. 1930'da işgalden kurtulup, II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında büyük ölçüde yıkıldı. Kentte Şarlman tarafından yaptırılan, içinde kendisinin mezarının da bulunduğu sekizgen biçimindeki katedral, İtalya'daki San Vitale Kilisesi örnek alınarak yapılmıştır. Aachen Katedrali UNESCO dünya kültür mirası listesine ilk giren 12 eserden biridir.

Aachen Savaşı (1944)
Siegfried hattına yanaşan 1. Amerika ordusu (Hodges komutasına) 7 Ekim 1944'te Aachen müstahkem mevkilerine saldırdı. 10'unda kuşatılan garnizon, ancak 21 Ekim'de, kanlı sokak çarpışmalarından sonra teslim oldu.

Coğrafi konum
Kuzey-Ren Vestfalya'nın güneyinde, Belçika ve Hollanda sınırları yakınında, Almanya'nın en önemli sanayi merkezlerinden olan 2 büyük şehir Köln ve Düsseldorf'a yakındır.

Notlar

Ayrıca bakınız
 Aachen Katedrali

Aachen


Mutsumi Tamabayashi (født 12. oktober 1984) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Ehime FC.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Mutsumi Tamabayashi


أبو عمر عبد الله بن عمرو بن عثمان بن عفان الأموي العَرْجي، شاعر الغزل الصريح ينحو نحو عمر بن أبي ربيعة، كان يقيم بالعرج من وديان الطائف، صحب في شبابه مسلمة بن عبد الملك في حروبه بأرض الروم ثم عاش للهو والصيد. وجاء في كتاب الموجز في الشعر العربي صفحة 170 و171 للسيد فالح الحجية (أنه تغزل بنساء كثيرات ويتميز شعره بوضوح العبارة وسهولة اللفظ ويغلب عليه سرد القصص والحكايات الغرامية ومطارة النساء ومن شعره:

وفاته
اتهمه والي مكة – وكان خصما له – في دم، فعذبه وحبسه فمات في سجنه.
وتذكر بعض المصادر أنه تغزل في أم إسماعيل خال الخليفة هشام بن عبد الملك فسجنه وعذبه ثم قتله وكان ذلك في عهد هشام فدب الذعر في نفوس الشعراء جرير والفرزدق وغيرهم فكفوا عن الشعر فترة.

المراجع

المصادر
 المصدر: الموجز في الشعر العربي - فالح الحجية الكيلاني.

أشخاص من الطائف
شعراء العصر الأموي
شعراء عرب
شعراء غزل
عائلة عثمان بن عفان

العرجي


بين الاطلال هو فيلم مصري من إنتاج عام 1959، عن قصة يوسف السباعي وإخراج عز الدين ذو الفقار. الفيلم من إنتاج عز الدين ذو الفقار وصلاح ذو الفقار ومن بطولة فاتن حمامة وعماد حمدي وصلاح ذو الفقار، الفيلم يُعد من أجمل الافلام الرومانسية التي قدمت في السينما المصرية وهو في قائمة أفضل مئة فيلم في تاريخ السينما المصرية.

القصة
ويحكي الفيلم قصة الكاتب محمود الذي يحب منى بالرغم من انه متزوج ويكبرها بكثير، وتتوالى التحديات لهذا الحب الذي ليس له مكان في الأرض إلى أن تتزوج منى من شخص آخر، ويصاب محمود بشلل نتيجة حادث سير ويتوفى اثر ذلك وتعيش منى في بيت محمود لانها ساعدت زوجته في ولادتها لتعيش بين الأطلال! ولكن الأقدار تجعل ابنة محمود تقع في حب كمال ابن مني.

طاقم التمثيل
 فاتن حمامة بدور (منى)
 عماد حمدي بدور (الكاتب محمود فهمي)
 صلاح ذو الفقار بدور (كمال)
 صفية ثروت بدور (منى محمود فهمي)
 فؤاد المهندس بدور (عبد المنعم)
 ثريا فخري بدور (الدادا)
 حسين رياض بدور (فهمي)
 سميحة أيوب بدور (أمينة)
 صلاح نظمي بدور (إبراهيم)
 عبد الرحيم الزرقاني بدور (سامح)
 بدر نوفل بدور (الحاج)
 حلمي حليم بدور (سماحة)
 خيرية أحمد بدور (دوللي)

روابط خارجية

المراجع

المصادر

أفلام حسين رياض
أفلام رومانسية إنتاج عقد 1950
أفلام عماد حمدي
أفلام فاتن حمامة
أفلام باللغة العربية
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1959

بين الأطلال (فيلم)


Stora Tuna ist eine ehemalige schwedische Gemeinde in der historischen Provinz Dalarna. Sie bestand von 1863 bis 1972. Hauptort der Gemeinde war Romme.

Innerhalb der Gemeinde Stora Tuna war der Ort Borlänge nur ein kleiner Flecken. Erst mit der Ansiedlung von Industriebetrieben und dem Eisenbahnanschluss wuchs Borlänge kräftig und wurde 1891 aus der Gemeinde Stora Tuna ausgegliedert. Die Gemeinde ging 1972 schließlich in die Gemeinde Borlänge auf und Romme ist heute ein Stadtteil von Borlänge.

Der heutige Dala Airport liegt auf dem ehemaligen Gemeindegebiet von Stora Tuna.

Galerie

Persönlichkeiten

 Olle Lanner (1884–1926), Turner
 Lars Olsson (* 1944), Skirennläufer

Literatur
 Andersson, Per: Sveriges kommunindelning 1863–1993; Bokforlaget Draking 1993, ISBN 91-87784-05-X

Ehemalige Gemeinde in Schweden
Gemeinde Borlänge
Gemeindeauflösung 1972

Stora Tuna


Fugitivi și pelerini (titlu original Zbehovia a pútnici) este un film antologie din 1968 regizat de Juraj Jakubisko, al doilea film de lungmetraj al regizorului slovac. Este o poveste care începe cu primul război mondial și se termină cu un război nuclear apocaliptic. Filmul a câștigat premiul Micul Leu de Aur pentru tinerii artiști de la Festivalul de Film de la Veneția.

Prezentare

Este format din trei părți: Fugitivi (despre primul război mondial), Dominika (în timpul celui de-al doilea război mondial) și Pelerini (care are loc la o zi după catastrofă nucleară).

Distribuție
 Mikulás Ladizinský - Zbehovia - Martin / Dominika - Nikolaj / Pútnici - Martin
 Jana Stehnová - Zbehovia - nevesta / Pútnici - dívka
 Augustín Kubán - Zbehovia - Biely Husár / Dominika - Smrt / Pútnici - Smrt
 Helena Gorovova - Zbehovia - Lila / Pútnici - Lila
 Magda Vásáryová - Dominika - Dominika
 Alexandra Sekulova - Zbehovia - Mara
 Olga Vronská - Dominika - Rusky (as Ol'ga Vronská)
 Samuel Adamcík - Dominika - Perun
 Ferencz Gejza - Zbehovia - Kalmán, Pútnici - almán
 Vasek Kovarik - Crippled Christ
 Frantisek Peto - Zbehovia - mrzák
 Mikulás Cincula - Zbehovia - zjizvený
 Ivan Krivosudsky - Dominika - vykupovac
 Peter Debnar - Zbehovia - zenich / Pútnici - zenich
 Ludovit Reiter - Dominika - Fabo
 Juraj Kukura - Dominika - hrebenár
 Ivan Macho - Dominika - Nosatý
 Gejza Spisák - Zbehovia - zandár
 Frantisek Vilím - Dominika - Michal
 Inka Gogálová - Dominica - Ivka
 Katarina Tekelova
 Ondrej Jariabek - Dominika - hrebenár
 Ján Jakubisko
 Albert Pagac - Zbehovia - Bergman
 Alexander Kautnik - Zbehovia - zandár
 Ján Svec - Zbehovia - zandár
 Emanuel Slachta
 Roman Ondriás - Dominika - malý Milan
 Ladislav Oláh - Dominika - bubeník
 Frantiska Horková - Dominika - Perunová
 Jozef Sikuta - Dominika - starec
 Olga Adamcíková - Pútnici - starena
 Jan Gubala - Dominika - hrebenár
 Jozef Krepela
 Gejza Sedlák

Primire
Criticii de film au spus despre Fugitivi și pelerini: Al doilea film al lui Jakubisko este un dans în valvârtej al nebuniei, al cruzimii, al frumuseții și al înșelăciunii, fără pic de răspundere și normalitate, numai joc și pasiune.

Note

Legături externe

Filme din 1968
Filme regizate de Juraj Jakubisko
Filme antologie
Filme cu dezastre
Filme despre Primul Război Mondial
Filme despre Al Doilea Război Mondial
Filme apocaliptice
Filme anti-război
Filme cehoslovace
Filme italiene

Fugitivi și pelerini


Hemiceluloza je heterogena skupina dugolančastih polisaharida koji se razlikuju od celuloze. Osnovnu im građu čini niz povezanih molekula ksiloze, na koje su kao ogranci vezani drugi šećeri (arabinoza, manoza, galaktoza). Zajedno s celulozom grade stanične stijenke biljaka, dajući im čvrstoću.

Objašnjenje
Hemiceluloza je naziv za mnoge prirodne polisaharide koji se pojavljuje u stijenkama biljnih stanica. Maseni udio hemiceluloze kod lisnatog drveća iznosi od 18 do 26%, dok je u četinara nešto manji na račun većeg udjela lignina. Neke jednogodišnje biljke sadrže i više od 30% hemiceluloze. Hemicelulozu je teško izolirati u neoštećenom i prirodnom stanju, pa je njena struktura slabo poznata. Relativna molekularna masa hemiceluloze obično je mnogo manja od relativne molekularne mase čiste celuloze. Uzorci hemiceluloze iz različitih biljnih izvora rijetko su jednaki, iako pokazuju mnogo zajedničkih svojstava. Općenito je hemiceluloza topljiva u alkalnim otopinama, dok u zagrijanim mineralnim kiselinama nastaje hidroliza i hemiceluloza se razgrađuje u pojedine polisaharide.

Hemiceluloza je u proizvodnji papira vrlo važna. Prisutnost hemiceluloze u vlaknastoj masi od koje se kasnije na papirnom stroju proizvodi papir utječe na bubrenje te mase i na povezivanje vlakana, što u proizvedenom papiru rezultira povećanom čvrstoćom. Međutim, papir proizveden od vlaknaste mase s prevelikim udjelom hemiceluloze bit će prozirniji, previše krt i šuštav.

Izvori

Polisaharidi

Hemiceluloza