Hunt the Wumpus este un joc de aventură bazat pe text dezvoltat de Gregory Yob în 1973. În joc, jucătorul trece printr-o serie de peșteri conectate, aranjate într-un dodecaedru, în timp ce vânează un monstru numit Wumpus. În acest joc bazat pe ture jucătorul trebuie să evite gropile fatale fără fund și super-liliecii care se mișcă în jurul sistemului de peșteri. Scopul este de a trage cu una dintre "săgețile lor strâmbe" prin peșteri pentru a-l ucide pe Wumpus. Codul sursă al jocului a fost publicat în Creative Computing în 1975 și republicat în The Best of Creative Computing anul următor.

Jocul a dat naștere mai multor variante și versiuni extinse și a fost portat pe mai multe sisteme, inclusiv pe computerul pentru acasă TI-99/4A. Acest joc a fost citat ca un exemplu timpuriu al genului horror de supraviețuire si a apărut în 2012 în lista celor mai bune 100 de jocuri video din toate timpurile, listă creată de revista Time. Monstrul Wumpus a apărut ulterior în mai multe produse media din 1973, inclusiv în alte jocuri video, într-o nuvelă și în cărțile Magic: The Gathering.

Note

Vezi și
1973 în jocuri video
1973 în informatică

Jocuri video din 1973
Jocuri video de strategie pe tururi
Jocuri video de aventură

Hunt the Wumpus


Le musée de plein air de Seurasaari () est un  musée national de Finlande situé dans l'île de Seurasaari à Helsinki en Finlande.

Histoire
L'artiste Akseli Gallen-Kallela et l'architecte Yrjö Blomstedt ont eu l'idée de sauver de la destruction de vieux bâtiments finlandais. Les musées à ciel ouvert étaient des idées en vogue à l'époque, et l'exemple le plus proche est le musée en plein air Skansen à Stockholm.

Le musée en plein air de Seurasarari a été fondé en 1909, lors du premier transfert de bâtiments de Konginkangas (Finlande centrale) à Seurasaari. Lors de ce transfert, un rôle très important a été joué par , expert de l'ethnologie et de l'architecture vernaculaire, qui devint le fondateur d'un musée en plein air et son premier conservateur.

La plupart des bâtiments et des structures dans le musée sont des , . On y trouve beaucoup de bâtiments agricoles en bois. L'un des premiers bâtiment à avoir été déplacé en 1909 est la ferme Niemelä de Konginkangas. Le bâtiment le plus ancien est l'église de Karuna, datant de 1686 et déplacée là en 1910.

Collections

La collection du musée se compose actuellement de 87 bâtiments. Le musée est très populaire et est visité chaque année des dizaines de milliers de personnes.

Fréquentation
L'île et le musée sont accessible par le pont de Seurasaari.
Le musée est ouvert 4 mois de l'année en été et reçoit habituellement 50.000 visiteurs

Galerie

Références

Liens externes

Musée national spécialisé en Finlande
Musée en plein air
Musée d'arts et traditions populaires
Musée à Helsinki
Meilahti

Musée de plein air de Seurasaari


Deer Park Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Deer Park Township (Illinois)
 Deer Park Township (Minnesota)

Deer Park Township


Sebastián Pinto Perurena (* 5. Februar 1986 in Santiago de Chile) ist ein chilenischer ehemaliger Fußballspieler. In Lateinamerika wurde er von den Fans als "El Tanque" (Der Panzer) bezeichnet. Sein Vater Carlos Pinto ist in Chile ein bekannter Journalist und TV-Sprecher.

Karriere

Lateinamerika
Sebastián Pinto begann mit dem Vereinsfußball in der Jugend von CF Universidad de Chile. In der Saison 2006/07 wurde er in das Profi-Team aufgenommen, kam aber nur sporadisch zu Einsätzen. Um ihm Spielpraxis zu ermöglichen, lieh man ihn für die Rückrunde der gleichen Spielzeit an den Ligakonkurrenten CD Cobreloa aus. Von Cobreloa zurückgekehrt, eroberte er sich in der neuen Saison einen Stammplatz und machte durch seine guten Leistungen auf sich aufmerksam. So wechselte er 2008 zum brasilianischen Topklub FC Santos.

AS Nancy
Nach einer halben Saison beim FC Santos wechselte er erneut, diesmal zum französischen Erstligisten AS Nancy. Ohne ein Spiel zu machen verließ er AS Nancy bereits nach einem halben Jahr.

Lateinamerika
Pinto wechselte zunächst zum argentinischen Verein CD Godoy Cruz, jedoch gelang ihm auch hier der Durchbruch nicht. Ab der Saison 2009/10 spielte er jeweils eine halbe Spielzeit für Audax Italiano und AS Varese 1910.
Zum Saisonstart 2011/12 wechselte er zum chilenischen Erstligisten CD O'Higgins. Hier konnte er sich von Anfang an durchsetzen und erzielte bis zum Saisonende in 14 Ligaspielen 13 Tore.

Bursaspor
Auf die guten Leistungen von Pinto bei CD O'Higgins wurde der türkische Erstligist aufmerksam, der in Lateinamerika auf der Suche nach einem Stürmer war. So einigte man sich in der Winterpause 2011/12 und Pinto wechselte für eine Ablösesumme von 600.000 € in die türkische Süper Lig. Hier gelang ihm mit acht Toren in 13 Spielen auf Anhieb der Durchbruch.
In der Saison 2013/2014 spielte Pinto unter Trainer Christoph Daum keine Rolle mehr und wurde von diesem auf die Verkaufsliste gesetzt. Da er in der Wintertransferperiode 2013/14 keinen neuen Verein finden konnte, blieb er weiterhin bei Bursaspor, wurde aber nicht in den Kader aufgenommen. Pinto selbst begründete das nicht Zustandekommen eines Wechsels mit der zu hoch angesetzten Ablösesumme und warf dem Klub vor, seine WM-Teilnahmechancen mit der chilenischen Nationalmannschaft zu verschlechtern. Er hatte insgesamt 65 Einsätze für Bursaspor und erzielte in diesen 29 Tore.

Im Juli 2014 löste er nach gegenseitigem Einvernehmen mit Bursaspor seinen Vertrag auf und verließ diesen Klub.

Rückkehr nach Lateinamerika
Pinto kehrte im Sommer 2014 nach Lateinamerika zurück und spielte für die Vereine Millonarios FC und CD O'Higgins.

Eskişehirspor
Im Sommer 2015 kehrte er in die Türkei zurück und heuerte beim Erstligisten Eskişehirspor, dem Erzrivalen von Bursaspor, an. Diesen Verein verließ er Mitte Februar 2016 im beiderseitigen Einvernehmen.

Auszeichnungen
Bursaspor
 Torschützenkönig im Türkischen Fußballpokal: 2011/12

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fußballnationalspieler (Chile)
Fußballspieler (AS Nancy)
Fußballspieler (AS Varese 1910)
Fußballspieler (Bursaspor)
Fußballspieler (CF Universidad de Chile)
Fußballspieler (Eskişehirspor)
Fußballspieler (FC Santos)
Fußballspieler (CD Cobreloa)
Fußballspieler (CD Godoy Cruz)
Fußballspieler (Audax Italiano)
Fußballspieler (CD O'Higgins)
Fußballspieler (Millonarios FC)
Geboren 1986
Chilene
Mann

Sebastián Pinto


Francisco Javier García López (Juchitán de Zaragoza, Oaxaca; 22 de septiembre de 1966) Ingeniero Industrial y Político mexicano, miembro del Partido Revolucionario Institucional, nace en la Heroica Ciudad de Juchitán de Zaragoza, Oaxaca, donde se forja y muy joven inicia su carrera política como Presidente del Concejo Municipal de Participación Juvenil, H. Concejo Municipal de Juchitán (1988,Oaxaca).

Último encargo
Fue Diputado en la LXI Legislatura del Congreso del Estado de Oaxaca, Coordinó la Fracción del Partido Revolucionario Institucional, asimismo, Presidió la Comisión Permanente de Fomento de la Energía Renovable.

Comisiones que Integró en la LXI Legislatura Local
 Comisión Permanente de Fomento de la Energía Renovable.
 Comisión Permanente de Fomento Industrial, Comercial y Artesanal.
 Comisión Permanente de Desarrollo Social.
 Comisión Permanente de Administración Pública.
 Comisión Especial de Atención a Periodistas.

Trayectoria Política
Asesor del Subsecretario de Gobierno, México, D.F. (1999)
Subsecretario de Gestión Social PRI, México, D.F. (2000)

Trayectoria en la Administración Pública
Su sensibilidad y quehacer político le ha permitido desempeñarse en diferentes cargos de la Administración Pública como: Delegado del COPLADE (1990, Oaxaca), Coordinador Estatal del PRONASS (1991, Oaxaca), Director General del Instituto de la Juventud Oaxaqueña (1992-1998, Oaxaca), Ejecutivo de Atención a Municipios LyF (2001-2003, México, DF), Coordinador de Asesores de la Secretaría General de Gobierno (2005, Oaxaca), Subsecretario de Fortalecimiento Institucional (2006, Oaxaca), Subsecretario de Desarrollo Municipal (2007, Oaxaca), Coordinador General de Unidades Móviles (2008, Oaxaca), entre otros.

Bibliografía
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110317132729/http://www.congresooaxaca.gob.mx/lxi/diputados/d_d23.html

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial del Congreso del Edo. de Oaxaca
 Partido Revolucionario Institucional PRI

Nacidos en Juchitán de Zaragoza
Políticos de Oaxaca
Diputados de la LXI Legislatura de México
Miembros del PRI de Oaxaca

Francisco Javier García López


Jiangnan eða Jiang Nan (kínverska:南|南; rómönskun: Jiāngnán; (Chiang-nan) áður kallað Kiang-nan) sem þýðir "sunnan fljótsins", í merkingunni "sunnan Jangtse fljóts"; er landsvæði á austurströnd Alþýðulýðveldisins Kína.

Jiangnan vísar til landsvæðis rétt sunnan við neðri hluta Jangtse-fljóts, þar á meðal suðurhluta óshólma þess. Það afmarkast af Gulahafi í austri, Sjanghæ borghéraði í suðaustri og af héruðum Zhejiang í suðri, Anhui í vestri og Shandong í norðri.

Jiangnan hefur lengi verið eitt af velmegandi landsvæðum Kína vegna mikils mannfjölda og auðs frá viðskiptum.

Orðsifjar

Orðið "Jiangnan" er byggt á hinu kínverska nafni Jangtse, "Cháng Jiāng", og "nán" sem þýðir "suður": ("suður af fljótinu"). Á 19. öld kölluðu enskumælandi svæðið einnig Keang-nan.

Landafræði

Héraðið samanstendur nánast eingöngu af ársléttu, flatlendu láglendu landsvæði, sem árset hefur fyllt upp og jafnað.

Við neðri hluta svæðisins eru ár og fljót sem falla til Austur-Kínahafs. Það er ríkt af vötnum, og uppistöðulónum, það stærsta er Tai-vatn. Fjölmargir skurðir og skipgengar vatnaleiðir eru á svæðinu, þar er mikilvægastur Mikliskurður (frá borginni Zhengjiang við Jangtse til borgarinnar Hangzhou við Qiantangjiang fljótið).

Jiangnan er afar frjósamt landsvæði. Það er frægt fyrir silki, handverk, hrísgrjónarækt og er gríðarlega þéttbýlt og iðnvætt.

Í nútíma stjórnsýslu- og héraðsskiptingu Kína, nær það til suðurhluta Jiangsu héraðs (með borgunum Nanjing, Suzhou og Wuxi); og Anhui héraðs; borginni Sjanghæ borgríkis; og norðurhluta Zhejiang héraðs (með borgunum Hangzhou og Ningbo). Svæðið fellur að mestu við svæði sem nú er þekkt sem Jangtse óshólmasvæðið.

Saga

Þrátt fyrir að talið sé að kínversk siðmenning eigi uppruna sinn á Norður-Kína-sléttunni í kringum Gulafljót, drógu náttúrulegar loftslagsbreytingar og stöðugur ófriður við óvinveitta hirðingja nágrannasvæða, úr landbúnaðarframleiðni Norður-Kína allt fyrsta árþúsundið e.Kr.

Margir settust því að í Suður-Kína, þar sem hlýtt og rakt loftslag Jiangnan svæðisins var kjörið fyrir landbúnaðarframleiðslu og það ýtti undir mikla þéttbýlis- og borgarmyndun.

Strax á tíma Austur Hanveldisins (2. öld e.Kr.) var Jiangnan svæðið eitt af efnahagslega sterkustu svæðum Kína. Auk hrísgrjóna var framleitt í Jiangnan arðbærar vörur á borð við te, silki og postulín. Þægilegar samgöngur með Miklaskurð í norðri, Jangtse-fljótið í vestri og sjávarhafnir eins og Yangzhou – ýttu undir staðbundin viðskipti sem og viðskipti við aðrar þjóðir.

Uppgangur svæðisins var auðveldaður með flutningi höfuðborgar Songveldisins til Hangzhou eftir að það missti stjórn norðurhluta landsins í hendur Jinveldisins með falli Kaifeng borgar árið 1127. Gullöld Jiangnan byggði á innstreymis hæfileikaríkra stjórnenda, áherslu á menntir og menningu sem og miklum landkostum svæðisins. Af þessum sökum greiddi Jiangnan um miðbik Tjingveldisins (1636–1912) þriðjung allra skatta í keisaraveldinu.

Sögulega var Jiangnan sérstakt stjórnsýslusvæði í Kína, sem tók á syðri bakka neðri hluta Jangtse-árinnar. Höfuðborg héraðsins var Nanjing, sem var suðurhöfuðborg Kína á tímum Mingveldisins (1368–1644) og einnig höfuðborg undir stjórn þjóðernissinna (1928–49).

Borgin hefur einnig verið efnahags- og menningarmiðstöð suður- og suðausturhluta Kína frá fornu fari. Í dag er Jiangnan skipt í nokkur stjórnsýslusvæði og héruð.

Heimildir

Tilvísanir

Landafræði Kína

Jiangnan


Die Bürgermeisterei Kelberg war eine von zunächst fünf, später sechs  preußischen Bürgermeistereien, in welche sich der 1816 gebildete Kreis Adenau im Regierungsbezirk Koblenz (damals "Regierungsbezirk Coblenz") verwaltungsmäßig gliederte. Von 1822 an gehörte der Regierungsbezirk Koblenz, damit auch die Bürgermeisterei Kelberg, zu der in dem Jahr neu gebildeten Rheinprovinz. Der Verwaltung der Bürgermeisterei unterstanden 28 Gemeinden.

1927 wurde die Bürgermeisterei Kelberg in Amt Kelberg umbenannt. Nach der Auflösung des Kreises Adenau im Jahre 1932 kam das Amt Kelberg zum Kreis Mayen, drei Gemeinden zum Kreis Ahrweiler. Aus dem Amt Kelberg entstand 1968 die Verbandsgemeinde Kelberg.

Gemeinden und zugehörige Ortschaften
Zur Bürgermeisterei Kelberg gehörten folgende Gemeinden (Stand 1885):
 Berenbach mit der Furthermühle
 Bodenbach
 Bongard mit dem Wohnplatz Wiesenthal und dem Forsthaus Barsberg
 Borler
 Brück, 1971 in Brücktal umbenannt
 Drees mit den Wohnplätzen Bierschbacherhof und Dreesermühle
 Gelenberg
 Gunderath mit der Kläsges Mühle
 Hausen, 1934 in Höchstberg umbenannt
 Horperath
 Hünerbach, seit 1970 Ortsteil von Kelberg
 Kaperich mit dem Weiler Kölnische Höfe
 Kelberg
 Kirsbach mit dem Wohnplatz Buschmühle
 Köttelbach, seit 1970 Ortsteil von Kelberg
 Köttrichen (auch Kottrichen), heute Kötterichen
 Meuspath mit dem Wohnplatz Krebsbacherhof
 Mosbruch mit dem Weiler Zumried und der Friedrich's Mühle
 Müllenbach
 Nitz mit der Freund's Mühle
 Nürburg
 Reimerath mit dem Weiler Bruchhausen
 Rothenbach (auch Rodenbach) mit dem Weiler Wiesenthal, seit 1970 Ortsteil von Kelberg
 Sassen
 Ürsfeld, heute Uersfeld, mit den Wohnplätzen Andreasmühle und Tabaksmühle
 Üß, heute Ueß
 Welcherath
 Zermüllen mit dem Wohnplatz Kelbergermühle, seit 1970 Ortsteil von Kelberg

Geschichte
Die Gemeinden im Bürgermeistereibezirk Kelberg gehörten bis zur Inbesitznahme des Linken Rheinufers durch Frankreich zu den beiden Kurfürstentümern Kurköln (Amt Nürburg) sowie Kurtrier (Amt Daun). Im Jahr 1794 hatten französische Revolutionstruppen das Linke Rheinufer besetzt. Unter der französischen Verwaltung gehörte das Gebiet zum Arrondissement Bonn (Kanton Adenau und Kanton Ulmen), das dem Rhein-Mosel-Departement zugeordnet war.

Bürgermeisterei Kelberg
Aufgrund der Beschlüsse auf dem Wiener Kongress wurde 1815 das Rheinland dem Königreich Preußen zugeordnet. Unter der preußischen Verwaltung wurden im Jahr 1816 Regierungsbezirke, Kreise und Bürgermeistereien sowie zugehörige Gemeinden gebildet. Die Bürgermeisterei Kelberg gehörte zum Kreis Adenau im Regierungsbezirk Coblenz und von 1822 an zur damals neu gebildeten Rheinprovinz. Der Gebietsstand und die Gemeindezuordnung blieb in den folgenden 110 Jahren unverändert.

Amt Kelberg
So wie alle Landbürgermeistereien in der Rheinprovinz wurde die Bürgermeisterei Kelberg 1927 in "Amt Kelberg" umbenannt.

Aufgrund der "Verordnung über die Neugliederung der Landkreise" vom 1. August 1932 wurde der Kreis Adenau zum 30. September 1932 aufgelöst. Das Amt Kelberg, mit Ausnahme der Gemeinden Meuspath, Müllenbach und Nürburg, wurde dem Kreis Mayen zugeordnet. Meuspath, Müllenbach und Nürburg wurden dem Amt Adenau im Kreis Ahrweiler zugewiesen.

Das Amt Kelberg bestand bis zur Neubildung der Verbandsgemeinde Kelberg am 1. Oktober 1968.

Vorherige Zugehörigkeiten
Die nachfolgende Tabelle ermöglicht einen Überblick über die vorherigen Zugehörigkeiten der Gemeinden der Bürgermeisterei Kelberg:

Statistiken
Nach der Topographisch-Statistischen Beschreibung der Königlich Preußischen Rheinprovinzen aus dem Jahr 1830 gehörten zur Bürgermeisterei Kelberg ein Flecken, 19 Dörfern, elf Weilern, sieben Höfen und sechs Mühlen. Im Jahr 1817 wurden in den zugehörenden Gemeinden insgesamt 3.255 Einwohner gezählt; 1828 waren es 3.478 Einwohner, darunter 1.785 männliche und 1.693 weibliche; alle Einwohner gehörten dem katholischen Glauben an.

Weitere Details entstammen dem Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen aus dem Jahr 1888, das auf den Ergebnissen der Volkszählung vom 1. Dezember 1885 basiert. Im Verwaltungsgebiet der Bürgermeisterei Kelberg lebten insgesamt 3.724 Einwohner in 749 Haushalten; 1.864 der Einwohner waren männlich und 1.860 weiblich. Bezüglich der Religionszugehörigkeit waren bis auf vier evangelische Einwohner alle katholisch.

1885 betrug die Gesamtfläche der 28 zugehörigen Gemeinden 10.376 Hektar, davon waren 6.606 Hektar Ackerland, 1.249 Hektar Wiesen und 3.455 Hektar Wald.

Einzelnachweise

Kelberg
Geschichte (Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz)
Geschichte (Landkreis Ahrweiler)
Geschichte der Eifel
Kelberg

Bürgermeisterei Kelberg


An Guadua macrostachya in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Franz Josef Ivanovich Ruprecht. An Guadua macrostachya in nahilalakip ha genus nga Guadua, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Guadua

Guadua macrostachya


Loyd Blankenship (born 1965), better known by his pseudonym The Mentor, is an American computer hacker and writer. He has been active since the 1970s, when he was a member of the hacker groups Extasyy Elite and Legion of Doom.

Writings

Hacker Manifesto
He is the author of The Conscience of a Hacker (also known as The Hacker Manifesto); the essay was written after he was arrested and was published in the ezine Phrack. Since the essay's publication in 1986, it has been the subject of numerous panels and T-shirts.

Role-playing games
Blankenship was hired by Steve Jackson Games in 1989. He authored the cyberpunk role-playing sourcebook GURPS Cyberpunk, the manuscript of which was seized in a 1990 raid of Steve Jackson Games headquarters by the U.S. Secret Service. The raid resulted in the subsequent legal case Steve Jackson Games, Inc. v. United States Secret Service.

References

External links
 ElfQrin.com Interview with The Mentor (July 31, 2000)

 "The Conscience of a Hacker", published in Phrack Volume 1 Issue 7

1965 births
GURPS writers
Hacking (computer security)
Legion of Doom (hacker group)
Living people

Loyd Blankenship


Slaget om Jylland kaldes et fodboldopgør mellem Jyllands to ældste fodboldklubber, Aalborg BK og Aarhus GF.

Aab og AGF er spillet 129 kampe mod hinanden. Aab har vundet 51 af kampene, mens AGF har vundet 48 af kampene. De resterende 30 kampe er endt uafgjort.

Seneste opgør blev spillet den 17. maj 2016 og endte med 2-0 til AGF.

Fodbold i Danmark

Slaget om Jylland


U.S. Route 41, also U.S. Highway 41 (US 41), is a major north–south United States Numbered Highway that runs from Miami, Florida, to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Until 1949, the part in southern Florida, from Naples to Miami, was US 94. The highway's southern terminus is in the Brickell neighborhood of Downtown Miami at an intersection with Brickell Avenue (US 1), and its northern terminus is east of Copper Harbor, Michigan, at a modest cul-de-sac near Fort Wilkins Historic State Park at the tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula. US 41 closely parallels Interstate 75 (I-75) from Naples, Florida, all the way through Georgia to Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Route description

|-
|FL
|
|-
|GA
|
|-
|TN
|
|-
|KY
|
|-
|IN
|
|-
|IL
|
|-
|WI
|
|-
|MI
|
|- class="sortbottom"
|Total
|
|}

Florida

In Florida, US 41 is paralleled by Interstate 75 all the way from Miami to Georgia (on the northern border), and I-75 has largely supplanted US 41 as a major highway.

Between Miami and Naples, US 41 is signed east–west and cuts across the Florida peninsula, running through the vast Everglades wilderness. This section has been designated a National Scenic Byway. The byway runs east–west through the Big Cypress National Preserve, skirting the northern border of the Everglades National Park for about . The part of the highway between Tampa and Miami is known as Tamiami Trail (derived from the combination of Tampa and Miami, the road's two termini), thus, this section of the road is commonly known as the East Trail, as it runs east–west across the state, in contrast to the road's otherwise distinctively north–south route. In Naples, Route 41 changes direction at an intersection with 5th Avenue in Downtown Naples, turning from west to north towards Tampa (or from south to east towards Miami).

As the Trail moves  into Hillsborough County the historic communities of Ruskin, Florida and Gibsonton, Florida are south Hillsborough County high points. Ruskin was founded by the Commongood Society. Highway 41 from Ruskin's Little Manatee River to Big Bend Rd (CR 672) has been  designated by the Florida Senate as the Trooper Kenneth E. Flynt Hwy in Memory of Florida Trooper Flynt who was killed in the line of duty. Gibsonton was populated by Carnival workers.

US 41 is in the process of being widened throughout the northern Tampa Bay suburbs. It is currently six lanes wide between Tampa, Lutz, and much of Land o' Lakes, and again between Garden Grove and Brooksville. It is also four lanes wide in Tampa south of BUS US 41, between a section north of Land o' Lakes, Masaryktown, and Garden Grove, and south of Inverness. A large portion of US 41 is co-designated along the unmarked State Road 45 between Belle Meade and High Springs.

From US 92 in Tampa to US 41 Business and State Road 676 near the unincorporated Palm River-Clair Mel, US 41 carries the unsigned State Road 599 designation. It contains the northwestern end of the Tamiami Trail at the SR 60 intersection. It is normally three lanes wide, but between Interstate 4 and the northern terminus of SR 569 it is only two lanes wide. The unsigned state highway is  long. At the northern terminus, US 41 turns west. (If one continues straight, 40th Street leads to Busch Gardens Tampa.) Major intersections include State Road 574, SR 569, I-4, SR 60, and the Lee Roy Selmon Expressway (SR 618).

In Northern Florida, US 41 runs along the DeSoto Trail between Floral City and Williston and again between High Springs, and Lake City.

Georgia

In Georgia, US 41 is paralleled by Interstate 75 all the way from Florida to Tennessee, and I-75 has largely supplanted US 41 as a major highway.

The first major city in Georgia north of Florida is Valdosta, and the primary US 41 has been rerouted to run along Inner Perimeter Road around Valdosta; there is a business route through Valdosta. The highway follows I-75 north of Valdosta from exit 22 to exit 29.

The highway proceeds through South and Central Georgia cities and towns including Adel, Tifton, Cordele, Unadilla, Perry, Warner Robins, Macon, Barnesville, and Griffin as it approaches the Atlanta metropolitan area. The Atlanta Motor Speedway is located on US 19 and US 41 in Hampton, south of Atlanta. Tara Boulevard and Metropolitan Parkway carry the highway, along with its co-signed partner US 19, north into the city. In Hapeville, just outside Atlanta, the highway serves the northeastern part of Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, passing near the headquarters of Delta Air Lines.

In Atlanta, Highway 41 was formerly carried on Spring Street near Five Points, but it has long been re-routed via Northside Drive around the downtown area. (It was a major truck route.)  The Mercedes-Benz Stadium, Georgia World Congress Center, and State Farm Arena are located off Northside Drive. North of Atlanta, the stretch of Highway 41 between Atlanta and Marietta was the first four-laned highway in Georgia when it was completed in 1938. Now, the Northside Parkway and the Cobb Parkway carry US 41 through northern Fulton and Cobb counties. This thoroughfare is the home of Truist Park, the Big Chicken, Cumberland Mall, the Cobb Galleria, and the Six Flags White Water amusement park. US 41 also passes through Marietta, Kennesaw, Acworth, Cartersville, Adairsville, Calhoun, and Dalton en route to Tennessee.

Tennessee

US 41, joined by US 76, enters Tennessee east of I-75 on the outskirts of East Ridge. It is called Ringgold Road through East Ridge up to the Bachman Tunnel, where it enters Chattanooga and then around the base of Lookout Mountain. It then heads through the towns of Lookout Valley, Jasper, and other communities before ascending the Cumberland Plateau, running through Tracy City and Monteagle, where it descends toward Manchester.

After reaching Monteagle, US 41, included as part of the older Dixie Highway, continues northwest into Pelham, in Grundy County, then runs closely parallel with I-24 into Coffee County, going through Hillsboro, Manchester (where the road is also named Hillsboro Boulevard) and Beechgrove, before entering Rutherford County. From there, the highway continues diagonally through Murfreesboro (where the road is also named Broad Street), where the Dixie Highway joins up with US 70S. The Stones River National Battlefield is located very near US 41/US 70S on the northwest side, standing as a monument of the Battle of Stones River which took place during the American Civil War. US 41/US 70S continues northwest through Smyrna, and LaVergne before reaching Davidson County. The road passes through Antioch, before reaching Nashville, where US 41 separates from US 70S. US 41 goes through Nashville as Murfreesboro Road, then Dickerson Pike, and comes out on the northeast side of the city joined with US 31W. US 41 continues northeast through Goodlettsville before breaking away from US 31W. US 41 then goes northwest and continues on into Robertson County, going through Springfield before heading west/northwest to the Kentucky border. Just before reaching Kentucky, US 41 briefly runs through Montgomery County.

Kentucky

US 41 enters the state as a two-lane highway in Guthrie where it intersects US 79 and continues through Todd County throughTrenton. After crossing into Christian County, US 41 goes through Pembroke before reaching Hopkinsville. In Hopkinsville, US 41 intersects the US 68 bypass and the Pennryrile Parkway which leads into downtown Hopkinsville. In downtown, US 41 has a short concurrency with US 68/KY 80 and has an intersection with the northern end of US 41A. Finally, after an intersection with the northern Hopkinsville bypass, US 41 turns to Crofton and northern Christian County.

After crossing into Hopkins County, US 41 has an incomplete intersection with the Pennyrile Parkway and goes through the small towns of  Nortonville (and an intersection with US 62), Mortons Gap, Earlington. In Madisonville, US 41 is known as Main Street and has an intersection with the southern end of US 41 Alternate. After an incomplete interchange with I-69, US 41 continues onto Hanson. In eastern Webster, US 41 goes through the towns of Slaughters and Sebree. In Henderson County, US 41 enters Robards and remains a rural two-lane highway before reaching KY 425, just to the south of the Henderson city limits. At KY 425, US 41 turns to the east and intersects the current northern end of I-69 in Kentucky.

At this point, US 41 becomes a limited access four-lane highway with intersections with the Audubon Parkway, KY 2084, KY 351, and US 60. At US 60, US 41 becomes a four-lane surface road with stoplights as it crosses through the northern parts of Henderson and John James Audubon State Park. US 41 crosses the Ohio River on the Bi-State Vietnam Gold Star Bridges, known locally as the "Twin Bridges." Due to natural fluctuations of the Ohio River's path, US 41 remains in Kentucky for about one mile north of the Twin Bridges. In this section, US 41 passes by Ellis Park Race Course before crossing into Evansville, IN.

Indiana

In the state of Indiana, US 41 runs from the Ohio River south of Evansville to Chicago with US 12 and US 20 beneath the termini of the Chicago Skyway and the Indiana Toll Road. This is a distance of approximately 282 miles (615 km).

For its entire length north of Evansville, US 41 passes through largely rural portions of far western Indiana. It overlaps US 150 and US 52 through some of these areas. US 41 is also the main north–south road through Terre Haute.  However north of Terre Haute, US 41 becomes a secondary road, passing through smaller towns such as Rockville and Attica on the east side of the Wabash River.  State Road 63 is the main route north of Terre Haute in this area since it is a four-lane highway on the west side of the Wabash River. US 41 returns to a four-lane divided highway just south of Boswell where SR 63 ends, staying as such until reaching Cedar Lake. From Cedar Lake north to the Illinois state line, US 41 is a well-travelled road with numerous stoplights, with the exception of the mile-stretch where it overlaps Interstate 80/94.  Before leaving Indiana, US 41 travels through the city of Hammond where it is also known as Indianapolis Boulevard and Calumet Avenue.  Hammond is the largest city traversed by US 41 between Evansville and Chicago.

Illinois

US 41 enters Illinois cosigned with US 12 and US 20 on Indianapolis Boulevard beneath the Chicago Skyway. At the Illinois–Indiana state line, US 41 enters the Chicago city limits. The three US routes run together northwest along Indianapolis Boulevard then cut north on Ewing Avenue on the south side. At 95th Street, US 12 and 20 head west.  US 41 then runs along the lake amongst the newly developed extension of Lake Shore Drive, which extends from the intersection of Ewing Avenue and Harbor Drive and continues  northwest until it reaches 79th St and South Shore Dr. US 41 then continues down South Shore Drive through the South Shore neighborhood and then turns and moves in a northerly direction at the intersection of South Shore Drive and Marquette Drive (Lake Shore Drive continues north while Marquette continues south and eventually becomes Jeffery Blvd.)

US 41, as Lake Shore Drive, passes by the Museum of Science and Industry (at 57th Street) in the Hyde Park area. From here north, US 41 is a quasi-expressway with bridges too low to admit trucks, and a  speed zone, and exits at 53rd Street/Hyde Park Boulevard, 50th Street, 47th Street, Oakwood Boulevard, 31st Street, Interstate 55, and 18th Street. After the I-55 bridges, US 41 passes McCormick Place, which is the largest convention center in North America. At this point, the roadway becomes a boulevard passing the Museum Campus (Field Museum, Shedd Aquarium, and Adler Planetarium) and Soldier Field, home of the Chicago Bears; access to these attractions is provided at 18th Street.

The roadway continues north with a couple of signals as it passes through Grant Park and by Buckingham Fountain. After the signal at Monroe Street, the roadway becomes a quasi-expressway again with exits at Randolph Street/Wacker Drive, Illinois Street/Grand Avenue (Navy Pier exit), and a signal at Chicago Avenue. The roadway then has a sharp S-curve called the Oak Street Curve where the suggested speed limit is . After the curve, US 41 is a full expressway. US 41 exits at Foster Avenue but Lake Shore Drive continues north to Bryn Mawr Avenue and Hollywood Avenue before ending.

At Broadway, US 41 intersects the eastern terminus of US 14. US 41 continues along Lincoln Avenue in the north side of the city, eventually meeting Skokie Boulevard/Cicero Avenue, where US 41 turns north and parallels Interstate 94. In the northern suburbs of Chicago, US 41 joins I-94 (Edens Expressway) just north of Lake Avenue for a short distance before splitting from the freeway just south of Lake–Cook Road and continuing north as the Skokie Highway for roughly  to a point near the Wisconsin border. Just south of the border, US 41 rejoins I-94. The two co-signed routes continue northward into Wisconsin.

Wisconsin

In Wisconsin, US 41 runs north and south along the eastern edge of the state.  It enters from Illinois in Pleasant Prairie and is concurrent with Interstate 94 north to Milwaukee. In Milwaukee, US 41 follows Interstate 894 around the southern and western sides of the city.  US 41 then heads north-northwest on a freeway to Fond du Lac and Oshkosh, then northeast to Appleton and Green Bay. The route is a major access point for the EAA AirVenture Oshkosh air show in Oshkosh, and for Lambeau Field, home of the Green Bay Packers. Beyond Green Bay, US 41 continues on to Oconto and Peshtigo before reaching the Michigan border at Marinette. US 41 is a freeway for nearly 70% of its length through Wisconsin, with the exceptions being an expressway section north of Green Bay and surface streets in Marinette.

US 41 was officially designated Interstate 41 between Green Bay and the Wisconsin–Illinois state line on April 9, 2015. I-41 has been cosigned with US 41 along the freeway sections between a point just south of the Illinois state line where US 41 and I-94 split, and the I-43 interchange northwest of Green Bay.

Michigan

US 41 is a state trunkline highway that enters Michigan via the Interstate Bridge between Marinette, Wisconsin, and Menominee, Michigan. Along its nearly  route, US 41 serves as a major conduit for Michigan traffic, serving the Central Upper Peninsula and the Copper Country. From the Michigan–Wisconsin border to downtown Houghton, the highway is part of the National Highway System. The trunkline comprises mostly two lanes, undivided except for sections that run concurrently with US 2 near Escanaba or M-28 near Marquette. US 41/M-28 is a four-lane expressway along the Marquette Bypass, and segments of the highway in Delta and Marquette counties have four lanes. The route carries the designation of the Copper Country Trail National Scenic Byway between Hancock and Copper Harbor. The trunkline ends at a cul-de-sac east of Fort Wilkins Historic State Park in Copper Harbor.

Along its route, US 41 passes through farm fields, forest lands, and along the Lake Superior shoreline. The highway is included in the Lake Superior Circle Tour and the Lake Michigan Circle Tour. It also passes through the Hiawatha National Forest and the Keweenaw National Historical Park. Historical landmarks along the trunkline include the Marquette Branch Prison, Peshekee River Bridge, and the Quincy Mine.

History

When their routes were originally laid out in 1926, US 41's southern endpoint was in Naples, Florida, at the western endpoint of US 94, which ran east to Miami. In 1949, US 94 was decommissioned, and the entire route became part of US 41, giving it an east–west section that retained the hidden SR 90 designation. The former US 94 ended in Miami at the same intersection where US 41 (and SR 90) do now. In 1953, US 41 was extended along US 1 and State Road A1A (SR A1A) to terminate in Miami Beach, Florida, but it was truncated back to the earlier terminus in 2000. Prior to 1993, when the Florida Department of Transportation color-coded U.S. highways in Florida, the color used for US 41 was orange.

US 41 initially took a more westerly route between Nashville, Tennessee, and Hopkinsville, Kentucky. The current US 41 was US 241. In 1930, the two routes became US 41W and US 41E, but in 1943 the western route became US 41 Alternate, with the main US 41 moving to the east route.

In July 2005, efforts started in Congress to re-designate US 41 between Milwaukee and Green Bay, Wisconsin, as I-41. Those efforts came to fruition in April 2015, almost ten years later, with US 41 signage mostly replaced by I-41 starting at the Illinois state line, following I-894 around the west end of Milwaukee, and on to Green Bay.

Major intersections
Florida
  in Miami
  in Miami
  in Miami
  in Punta Gorda
  in Sarasota
  in Bradenton. The highways travel concurrently to Palmetto.
  in Tampa
  north-northeast of Tampa
  in Tampa
  in Tampa. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in Brooksville. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in Williston. The highways travel concurrently to High Springs.
  in High Springs. The highways travel concurrently to south of Lake City.
  in Ellisville
  in Lake City
  northwest of Five Points
  southeast of Jasper. The highways travel concurrently to Jasper.
Georgia
  in Valdosta. US 41/US 221 travels concurrently through the city.
  northwest of Valdosta. The highways travel concurrently to Hahira.
  in Tifton
  in Tifton
  in Cordele
  in Unadilla
  in Perry
  in Perry
  north of Sofkee. The highways travel concurrently to Macon.
  in Macon
  in Macon
  in Bolingbroke
  south of Barnesville
  south of Griffin. The highways travel concurrently to Atlanta.
  west of Morrow
  in Forest Park
  on the Atlanta–Hapeville city line
  in Atlanta
  in Atlanta. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in Atlanta. US 41/US 78/US 278 travels concurrently through the city.
  in Atlanta
  in Atlanta
  in Atlanta
  east of Smyrna
  in Cartersville. The highways travel concurrently to northwest of Cartersville.
  east of Dalton. The highways travel concurrently to Chattanooga, Tennessee.
  in Dalton
  southeast of Ringgold
Tennessee
  in East Ridge
  in Chattanooga
  in Chattanooga. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in Chattanooga. US 11/US 41 travels concurrently through the city. US 41/US 64 travels concurrently to Jasper.
  in Chattanooga. US 41/US 72 travels concurrently to Jasper.
  in Chattanooga
  in Manchester
  northwest of Manchester
  in Murfreesboro. The highways travel concurrently to Nashville.
  in Murfreesboro. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in Nashville
  in Nashville. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in Nashville. US 41/US 431 travels concurrently through the city.
  in Nashville. US 31W/US 41 travels concurrently to Goodlettsville.
  in Nashville
  in Springfield. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
Kentucky
  in Guthrie
  in Hopkinsville. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in Nortonville
  in Madisonville
  in Henderson. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in Henderson
Indiana
  in Evansville
  on the Scott–Johnson township line
  in Vincennes. US 41/US 50 travels concurrently through the city. US 41/US 150 travels concurrently to Terre Haute.
  in Terre Haute
  in Rockville
  in Veedersburg. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in Veedersburg
  southeast of Earl Park. The highways travel concurrently to Kentland.
  in Kentland
  in St. John
  in Schererville
  in Hammond. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
  in Hammond
  in Hammond. The highways travel concurrently to Chicago.
  in Hammond
Illinois
  in Chicago
  in Chicago
  in Chicago
  in Chicago
  in Wilmette. The highways travel concurrently to Northbrook.
  in Wadsworth. I-41/US 41 travels concurrently to Howard, Wisconsin. I-94/US 41 travels concurrently to Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Wisconsin
  in Milwaukee. I-43/US 41 travel concurrently through the city.
  in Milwaukee
  in Milwaukee
  in Milwaukee. The highways travel concurrently to Richfield.
  in Fond du Lac
  in Oshkosh
  northwest of Menasha
  in Howard. The highways travel concurrently to the Town of Abrams.
  in Howard
Michigan
  in Powers. The highways travel concurrently to Rapid River.
  in Covington
 Cul-de-sac east of Fort Wilkins Historic State Park east of Copper Harbor

See also

Special routes of U.S. Route 41

References

 Endpoints of U.S. highways: U.S. Highway 41 and U.S. Highway 94

External links

 Endpoints of U.S. Highway 41
 Illinois Highway Ends: US 41
 Michigan Highway Ends: US 41
 US 41 entry at Michigan Highways
 Wisconsin Highways - US-41: The Complete History

41
041

U.S. Route 41


Şüpheli, bir ceza muhakemesi terimidir. Hukuken kolluk ve savcılık evresinde suç şüphesi altında bulunan kişiyi ifade eder. Günlük dilde şüpheli ve sanık aynı anlama gelecek  şekilde kullanılsa da hukuken bu terimler birbirinde farklıdır.

Bir kişinin belirli bir suçu işlemiş olabileceğine dair savcılık kanaati oluştuğunda o kişi şüpheli kabul edilir. Şüpheli kişi hakkında savcılık emrindeki kolluk güçleri (polis, jandarma vs.) tarafından soruşturma yapılır. Savcılığın oluşturduğu resmî bir suçlama mahkeme öncesinde hakim tarafından onaylandığında yani kişi hakkında ceza davası açıldığında kişi sanık durumuna geçer. Sanık, kovuşturmanın başlamasından itibaren hükmün kesinleşmesine kadar, suç şüphesi altında bulunan kişiyi ifade eder.

Ceza hukuku
Hukuk terimleri

Şüpheli


Žirovnica je hrvatska rijeka u Sisačko-moslavačkoj županiji, lijevi pritok Une. Izvire u Zrinskoj gori, ispod vrha Vijenac (336 m), kod Gvozdanskog. Duga je 22,2 km.

Prolazi kroz sljedeća naselja: Gvozdansko, Rujevac, Donja Stupnica, Kosna, Trgovi, Grmušani, Zakopa, Vanići i Dvor.

Rijeke u Hrvatskoj
Pritoke Une

Žirovnica


Open Financial Exchange (OFX) is a data-stream format for exchanging financial information that evolved from Microsoft's Open Financial Connectivity (OFC) and Intuit's Open Exchange file formats.

History
Microsoft, Intuit and CheckFree announced the OFX standard on 16 January 1997. The first OFX specification, version 1.0, was released on 14 February 1997. The specification allows for bank- and application-specific extensions, although only a subset is necessary to describe a financial transaction.

Versions 1.0 through 1.6 relied on SGML for data exchange, but later versions are XML based. According to the main OFX site, "The specification is freely licensed, allowing any software developer to design an interface that will be supported on the front-end."

In 2019, OFX's consortium joined Financial Data Exchange (FDX) consortium, that manage nowadays OFX working group.

Specification
The latest reference document (Functional Specification) describing the standard was published in October 2020, in version 2.3, by the FDX consortium's OFX working group.

Support in various countries
Many banks in the US let customers use personal financial management software to automatically download their bank statements in OFX format, but most Canadian, United Kingdom and Australian banks do not allow this, however, many banks do support downloading financial data in OFX, QFX, QIF, or spreadsheet format via their web interface for later import into financial software.

Intuit and QFX
QFX is a proprietary variant of OFX used in Intuit's products. In Intuit products, OFX is used for Direct Connect and QFX for Web Connect. Direct Connect allows personal financial management software to connect directly to a bank OFX server, whereas in Web Connect, the user needs to log in and manually download a .qfx file and import it into Quicken.

See also
 Quicken Interchange Format
 ISO 20022
 FinTS (formerly HBCI)

References

External links
 More information on the OFX specification
 OFX Press Release (copy)
 List of OFX connection details for banks that support OFX
 OFX forums, list of verified OFX connection details
 OFX file viewer

Computer file formats
Computer-related introductions in 1997
Financial software

Open Financial Exchange


Twin Lakes est une ville américaine située dans le Comté de Freeborn, dans le Minnesota. Selon le recensement de 2010, sa population est de .

Liens externes

Ville au Minnesota
Comté de Freeborn

Twin Lakes (Minnesota)


1984 Yaz Olimpiyatları ya da resmî adıyla XXIII. Olimpiyat Oyunları, resmî olarak 1984 yılında ABD'nin Kaliforniya eyaletine bağlı Los Angeles kentinde düzenlenen 23. Olimpiyat Oyunlarıdır. 18 Mayıs 1978 tarihinde düzenlenen oylamaya Los Angeles tek aday olarak girmiş ve organizasyonu düzenleme hakkını kazanmıştır. Atina'daki oylamada Los Angeles'tan başka aday olmamasının sebebi olarak 1976 Yaz Olimpiyatları'ndaki yüksek maliyetler gösterilmiştir.

ABD'nin Moskova'da düzenlenen önceki 1980 Yaz Olimpiyatlarını boykot etmesinin bir sonucu olarak, bu Oyunlar SSCB ve çoğu sosyalist ülke tarafından (Çin, Romanya ve Yugoslavya hariç) boykot edildi, Romanya ise resmi olarak bir delegasyon tarafından temsil edildi.

Boykotun resmi nedeni, Olimpiyat organizatörlerinin SSCB ve diğer Varşova Paktı ülkelerinden gelen delegasyonlara güvenlik garantisi sağlama şartını yerine getirmeyi reddetmesiydi.

Gönüllü sayısı - 28 742, gazeteciler - 9190 (4327 - yazar, 4863 - televizyon ve radyo). Los Angeles Olimpiyatlarının maskotu Sam isimli kel kartaldı. Sam adı aynı zamanda Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin bir başka sembolü Sam Amca'nı ifade eder.

Sporlar
 Okçuluk
 Atletizm
 Basketbol
 Boks
 Kano
 Bisiklet
 Dalma
 Binicilik
 Eskrim
 Futbol
 Cimnastik
 Hentbol
 Çim hokeyi
 Judo
 Modern pentatlon
 Kürek
 Yelken
 Atıcılık
 Yüzme
 Senkronize yüzme
 Voleybol
 Sutopu
 Halter
 Güreş

Madalya Durumu

1984 Yaz Olimpiyatları


Pharsalus savaşı MÖ 48 yılında Jül Sezar ile Pompey arasında Farsala'da (bugünkü Yunanistan) olmuştur. Pompeius savaşı kaybetmiş ve Mısır'a kaçmıştır.

Pharsalus Muharebesi, MÖ 9 Ağustos 48 günü Yunanistan'ın Farsala bölgesinde olmuştur. Sezar İç Savaşı'nın belirleyici muharebesidir. Jül Sezar ve müttefikleri ile Pompey komutasındaki  Roma Cumhuriyeti ordusu arasında geçen savaşı kaybeden Pompey, Romalı senatörlerin çoğunluğunun desteğine sahipti ve lejyon ordusu Sezar'ın lejyonlarından önemli ölçüde üstündü.

Ezici bir yenilgiye uğrayan Pompey sıradan bir vatandaş kılığına girerek kamptan ve adamlarından kaçtı. Sonunda Mısır'a giderken Mısır Kralı XIII. Ptolemy'in emriyle suikast düzenlendi ve öldürüldü.

Öncesi
İç Savaş'ın başlamasının ardından Sezar, Roma'yı ele geçirmiş, Pompey ve müttefiklerini İtalya'dan çekilmeye zorlamış ve Pompey'in İspanya'daki elçilerini yenmişti. MÖ 48 sefer sezonunda Sezar, Adriyatik'i geçti ve Dyrrachium'a doğru ilerledi. Orayı kuşattı ancak başarısız oldu.

Sezar daha sonra Metellus Scipio'nun Suriye'den gelen güçlerinin saldırısından kurtarmak için doğuya, Tesalya'ya çekildi. Kendisine direndikten sonra Gomphi'yi kuşattı. Pompey, Sezar'ın Metellus Scipio'nun Suriye'den gelen güçlerini yenmesini engellemek için Yunan topraklarındaki savaşı sonlandırarak İtalya'yı işgalden kurtarmaya çalışırken müttefiklerinin baskısı ile takip etti.

Savaş
Sezar'a göre iki ordu arasında önemli bir mesafe vardı. Pompey, askerlerine saldırmamalarını ve Sezar'ın lejyonlarının yakın mesafeye gelene kadar beklemelerini emretti ancak Gaius Triarius, Sezar'ın piyadelerinin, bir savaş yürüyüşünün beklenen mesafesini iki kat fazla yürümeleri halinde yorulacaklarına ve düzensizliğe düşeceklerine inanıyordu. Pompey'in ordusunun ilerlemediğini gören Sezar'ın Mark Antony ve Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus komutasındaki piyadeleri ilerlemeye başladı. Sezar'ın adamları emir almadan atış mesafesine yaklaşırken, hücuma devam etmeden önce dinlenmek ve yeniden toplanmak için durdular; iki ordu çarpışırken Pompey'in sağ ve orta çizgisi tutuldu.

Pompey'in piyadeleri savaşırken, Labienus sol kanadındaki Pompei süvarilerine Sezar'ın süvarilerine saldırmalarını emretti; beklendiği gibi Sezar'ın süvarilerini başarıyla geri püskürttüler. Sezar daha sonra gizli dördüncü piyade hattını ortaya çıkardı ve Pompey'in süvari hücumunu şaşırttı; askerlere saldırmak için zıplamaları ve pilalarını kullanmaları emredildi. Pompey'in süvarileri paniğe kapıldı ve Sezar'ın süvarileri gelip peşlerinden hücum ederken yüzlerce kayıp verdi ve tepelere çekildi. Sezar daha sonra en deneyimli askerlerini içeren üçüncü hattına saldırma emri verdi ve bu Pompey'in savaş alanından kaçan sol kanat birliklerini kırdı.

Pompey'in süvarilerini bozguna uğrattıktan sonra Sezar, son yedek kuvvetini savaşa sürdü. Pompey, hem süvarileri hem de lejyonları izlerken morali bozuldu, komutası düzeni bozuldu ve birliklerinin geri kalanını merkezde ve sağ kanatta kendi haline bırakarak kampına çekildi.

Ailesini toparlayıp hazinesini yanına alırken, garnizondaki yardımcı askerlere kampı savunmalarını emretti. Pompey'in ordusunun geri kalanının kafası karışmış haldeyken, Sezar adamlarını Pompey'in birliklerinin geri kalanını bozguna uğratarak ve Pompei kampını ele geçirdi ve savaşı bitirdi. Kampta kalan Trakyalılar ve diğer yardımcılar, cesurca savundular, ancak saldırıyı önleyemdiler ve kaybettiler. En büyük zaferlerinden birini kazanan Sezar yaklaşık 200 asker ve 30 yüzbaşı kaybettiğini iddia etmiş, düşman kayıplarını ise 6.000 olarak belirlemişti.

Kaynakça

Roma Cumhuriyeti'nin muharebeleri
Jül Sezar
MÖ 48'de çatışmalar

Pharsalus Muharebesi


Cesare Pavese (d. 9 Eylül 1908 – ö. 27 Ağustos 1950) İtalyan şair, romancı, çevirmen ve eleştirmen.

Cesare Pavese, ailesinin yazları geçirdiği Torino'nun Santa Stefano Belbo köyünde bir memur çocuğu olarak doğdu. Torino Üniversitesi'nde edebiyat okudu. İngiliz ve Amerikan edebiyatlarına ilgi duydu, bitirme tezini Walt Whitman şiirleri üzerine yazdı. Öğrenimini bitirdikten sonra orta öğrenimini tamamladığı eski okulu Liceo d'Azaglio'da edebiyat ve dil dersleri verdi. Bu dönemde İngiliz ve Amerikan yazarları ile ilgili yazıları La Cultura dergisinde yayınlandı. Daha sonra bir arkadaşının kurduğu Einaudi Yayınevi'nde çalışmaya başladı. 1935'te anti-faşist çalışmaları nedeniyle tutuklandı, 1936'da serbest bırakıldı. Brancaleone Hapishanesi'nde geçirdiği bir yıldan esinlenerek Carcera (Hapis) adlı romanını yazdı. 1950'de Yalnız Kadınlar Arasında romanı ile İtalya'nın önemli edebiyat ödüllerinden Strega Ödülü'nü aldı. Edebi kariyerinin doruğunda olmasına rağmen özel hayatı karışıktı. Sonu olmayan aşk ilişkileri onu bunaltmıştı. Ödülü aldıktan sonra Torino'daki bir otel odasında bütün özel kâğıtlarını yok edip, 21 adet uyku hapı alarak intihar etti.

İntiharından önceki gün, "Artık sabahı da kaplıyor acı." diye kısa bir not düştükten sonra 27 Mayıs'ta günlüğüne şunları yazmıştır:

" '48-'49′daki mutluluğumun hesabı görüldü. Bu soylu mutluluğun gerisinde şu vardı: Güçsüzlüğüm ve hiçbir şeye bağlanmayışım. Şimdi, kendime göre, girdabın içine girdim; güçsüzlüğümü seyrediyor, onu iliklerimde hissediyorum, beni ezen siyasal sorumluluğu yüklenemiyorum. Bunun tek çözümü var: İntihar. " Cesare Pavese – 27 Mayıs 1950

Önemli Eserleri

 Senin Köylerin - 1941 - Roman
 Kumsal - 1942 - Roman
 Ağustosta Tatil - 1946 - Öykü
 Yoldaş - 1947 - Roman
 Leuko İle Söyleşiler - 1947 - Deneme
 Tepedeki Ev - 1949 - Roman
 Güzel Yaz - 1949 - Roman
 Ay Ve Şenlik Ateşleri - 1950 - Roman
 Yaşama Uğraşı - (1935-1950) - Günlük
 Tepelerdeki Şeytan - 1948 - Roman
 Yalnız Kadınlar Arasında - 1949 - Roman*
 Çalışmak Yorar - 1930 - 1933 -1936 - 1938 - 1940 - Şiir

1955 yılında İtalyan sinema yönetmeni Michelangelo Antonioni tarafından Le Amiche ismiyle perdeye aktarılmıştır.

Kaynakça

1908 doğumlular
1950 yılında ölenler
20. yüzyıl İtalyan yazarları
İtalyan şairler
İntihar eden yazarlar
İtalyan ateistler
İtalyan anti-faşistler
İtalyan çevirmenler

Cesare Pavese


زولوتكوفو  هي مدينة في مقاطعة فلاديمير أوبلاست في روسيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 3506 نسمة.

الموقع الجغرافي
تقع زولوتكوفو على بعد 43 كم من غوس-خروستالني (بالروسية: Гусь-Хрустальный)،إحدى مدن روسيا في الكيان الفدرالي الروسي فلاديمير أوبلاست.

مراجع

مدن مقاطعة فلاديمير

زولوتكوفو


Med Hæren paa Øvelse er en film instrueret af Theodor Christensen, Ingolf Boisen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1941
Hæren
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Med Hæren paa Øvelse


Michel Charles-Émile Trudeau (October 2, 1975 – November 13, 1998) was the youngest son of Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and Margaret Trudeau and the younger brother of current Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. He died in an avalanche on November 13, 1998, while skiing in Kokanee Glacier Provincial Park.

Biography
He was born at the Ottawa Civic Hospital in Ottawa, Ontario, and partially named after his paternal grandfather, Charles-Émile. Trudeau was known to family and friends as Miche, and he later started going by Mike. Trudeau lived his early life in Ottawa and later Montreal upon his father's retirement from politics in 1984, where he was a classmate of Sophie Grégoire. During their summer breaks, Michel and his brothers attended Camp Ahmek on Canoe Lake in Algonquin Provincial Park where he would later work as a camp counsellor. He studied at Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf before attending Dalhousie University to study microbiology. When talking about her sons each having distinctly different personalities in an interview in 1977, Margaret Trudeau said, "Justin, 6, is a prince — a very good little boy. Sasha (Alexandre), born Christmas Day, 1973, is a bit of a revolutionary, very determined and strong-willed. Miche (Michel) is a happy, well-adjusted child, who combined the best traits of both brothers."

Death
Trudeau died as the result of an avalanche on Friday November 13, 1998, aged 23. At the time, he had been working for about a year at Red Mountain Resort and living in Rossland, British Columbia. He was taking a backcountry skiing trip with some friends in Kokanee Glacier Provincial Park when he was swept into Kokanee Lake and unable to reach the shore. His companions were unable to effect a rescue, and Trudeau drowned. An extensive search was launched, but his body has never been found. The lake's high altitude and limited days of open waters each year prevented divers from completing the search. The Trudeau family called off the recovery and later built a chalet nearby as a memorial to their youngest son.

A varietal of rose discovered by Betsy Dening, a British Columbia horticulturist and Trudeau's aunt, debuted at the World Rose Festival in 2010 as the "Michel Trudeau Memorial Rosebush". Sales of the rosebush benefit the Canadian Avalanche Foundation.

References

1975 births
1998 deaths
Children of prime ministers of Canada
Dalhousie University alumni
French Quebecers
Deaths in avalanches
Natural disaster deaths in Canada
Michel
Canadian people of Dutch descent
Canadian people of English descent
Canadian people of French descent
Canadian people of Malaysian descent
Canadian people of Indonesian descent
Canadian people of Scottish descent
People from Ottawa
Pierre Trudeau
Skiing deaths
Sport deaths in Canada

Michel Trudeau


ඒබී ඩිවිලියර්ස්

නරඹන්න

සංස්කරණය කරන්න

Abraham Benjamin de Villiers (උපත 1984 පෙබරවාරි 17) හිටපු දකුණු අප්‍රිකානු වෘත්තීය ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩකයෙකි.  ඩිවිලියර්ස් ඔහුගේ 15 වසරක ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රිකට් දිවිය තුළ තුන් වතාවක් ICC වසරේ එක්දින ක්‍රීඩකයා ලෙස නම් කරන ලද අතර 2019 අවසානයේ දශකයේ විස්ඩන් ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩකයින් පස් දෙනාගෙන් කෙනෙකි.[2]

AB de Villiers

ඩිවිලියර්ස් 2006 දී

පුද්ගලික තොරතුරු සම්පූර්ණ නම Abraham Benjamin de VilliersBorn17 පෙබරවාරි 1984 (වයස 37)

Warmbad, Transvaal පළාත, දකුණු අප්‍රිකාව අන්වර්ථ නාමය Mr.  360, ABD, Alien, Superman[1]Batting Right-handed BowlingRight-arm MediumRoleBatsman, wicket-keeper International informationNational side

දකුණු අප්‍රිකාව (2004–2018)

ටෙස්ට් මංගල්‍යය (කැප් 296)17 දෙසැම්බර් 2004 වි එංගලන්තය අවසන් ටෙස්ට්30 මාර්තු 2018 වි ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාවODI මංගල (කැප් 78)2 පෙබරවාරි 2005 වි එංගලන්ත අවසන් ODI16 පෙබරවාරි 2018 v ඉන්දියාODI කමිස අංක.17T20I 2010 ඔක්තෝබර් ඉන්දියාODI කමිස අංක 15 ඩෙමොන්ට් කණ්ඩායම් තොරතුරු

AB de Villiers ඔහුගේ ජාත්‍යන්තර දිවිය ආරම්භ කළේ කඩුලු රකින්නා-පිතිකරුවෙකු ලෙසය, නමුත් ඔහු බොහෝ විට ක්‍රීඩා කර ඇත්තේ පිතිකරුවෙකු ලෙස පමණි.  ඔහු පිතිකරණ අනුපිළිවෙලෙහි විවිධ ස්ථානවල පන්දුවට පහර දුන්නේය, නමුත් ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් මැද පෙළෙහි.  නූතන යුගයේ වඩාත්ම නව්‍ය සහ විනාශකාරී පිතිකරුවෙකු ලෙස මෙන්ම, සර්වකාලීන ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨතම පිතිකරුවෙකු ලෙස සැලකෙන ඩිවිලියර්ස්, විශේෂයෙන්ම කඩුලු රකින්නාට පිටුපසින් සිටින සම්ප්‍රදායික නොවන පහරවල් රාශියකට ප්‍රසිද්ධය. ඔහු 2004 දී එංගලන්තයට එරෙහිව  ටෙස්ට් තරගයකදී ජාත්‍යන්තරයට පිවිසි අතර 2005 මුල් භාගයේදී එක්දින ජාත්‍යන්තර (එක්දින) ක්‍රීඩා කළේය. ඔහුගේ මංගල විස්සයි20 ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩාව පැමිණියේ 2006දීය. ඔහු ටෙස්ට් සහ එක්දින ක්‍රිකට් දෙකෙහිම ලකුණු 8,000කට වඩා  රැස් කර ඇත.  ක්‍රීඩාවේ ආකාර දෙකෙන්ම පිතිකරණ සාමාන්‍ය පනහකට වඩා ඇති ඉතා සුළු පිතිකරුවන්ගෙන් කෙනෙකි.සීමිත ඕවර ක්‍රිකට් වල ඔහු ප්‍රහාරක ක්‍රීඩකයෙකි. ඔහු පන්දු 31කදී වේගවත්ම එක්දින ශතකයේ වාර්තාවට හිමිකම් කියයි.

ඩිවිලියර්ස් ආකෘති තුනේදීම දකුණු අප්‍රිකාව නායකත්වය දැරූ නමුත්, ආබාධ ගණනාවකින් පසුව, ඔහු ටෙස්ට් නායකත්වයෙන් ඉවත් විය.  2017 දී, ඔහු ජාතික සීමිත ඕවර තරඟ[6] නායකත්වයෙන් ඉවත් වූ අතර 2018 මැයි මාසයේදී, ඔහු සියලු ආකාරයේ ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රිකට් වලින් විශ්‍රාම යන බව ප්‍රකාශ කළේය. කෙසේ වෙතත්, 2020 ජනවාරි මාසයේදී, ඩිවිලියර්ස් ජාත්‍යන්තර නැවත පැමිණීමට සහ 2020 T20 ලෝක කුසලානයට ක්‍රීඩා කිරීමට කැමැත්තක් පළ කළේය, නමුත් පසුව ඔහු එසේ නොකරන බව තහවුරු විය. 2021 නොවැම්බර් 19 වන දින, ඩිවිලියර්ස් සියළුම ආකාරයේ ක්‍රිකට් වලින් විශ්‍රාම යන බව නිවේදනය කළේය.

ඒබී ඩි විලියර්ස්


الزيدان هي قرية عراقية ريفية زراعية تقع غرب بغداد وجنوب شرق مدينة الفلوجة.

كانت تعد معقلا لكتائب ثورة العشرين التي نشطت في حرب قوات الاحتلال الأمريكي خلال  حرب العراق.

المصادر

أماكن مأهولة في محافظة بغداد

الزيدان


Peter Drummond est un nom porté par les personnalités suivantes :
 Peter Drummond, Physicien néo-zélandais ;
 Peter Drummond, Officier supérieur australien.

Peter Drummond


Tunni o Tunne es un personaje de la protohistoria escandinava del siglo VI (que corresponde a la Era de Vendel). Tunni fue un thrall (esclavo en la sociedad vikinga) que pertenecía a la corte del rey Ongentheow, monarca de los suiones (suecos) según el poema épico Beowulf y otras fuentes como Historia Norwegiæ, Gesta Danorum de Saxo Grammaticus e Íslendingabók de Ari Þorgilsson.

Tunni era el responsable de la tesorería real desde el reinado de Aun, y se levantó en armas contra su hijo que lo relegó a tareas simples de esclavo. Tras ocho batallas y derrotas de Ongentheow, el rey tuvo que escapar a Dinamarca bajo el amparo del rey Fróði quien le ayudó a vencer la rebelión de Tunni a cambio de someter el reino sueco bajo tributo de los daneses, sumisión que duró por lo menos hasta el reinado de Ohthere, hijo de Ongentheow.

De la saga Ynglinga se extrae el siguiente texto relacionado con la cruenta muerte del rey y que cita al esclavo rebelde, lo que significa que tuvo una relevante repercusión en la historia de su reinado:

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Beowulf en inglés antiguo.
 Beowulf: Modern English translation de Francis Barton Gummere
 Beowulf: Modern English translation de John Lesslie Hall

Esclavos
Vikingos de Suecia

Tunni


Maurice Maeterlinck (29. ágúst 1862 – 6. maí 1949) var belgískt leikskáld og rithöfundur. Hann hlaut Nóbelsverðlaunin í bókmenntum árið 1911.

Ævi og störf
Hann fæddist í borginni Gent inn í efnamikla frönskumælandi fjölskyldu. Foreldrarnir sendu hann til náms í kristilegum skóla, þar sem rómantískur skáldskapur var litinn hornauga og einungis trúarleg ljóð og sögur lesnar. Fyrir vikið varð Maeterlinck afar andsnúinn hvers kyns trúarkreddum og þröngsýni.

Að kröfu föður síns lauk hann prófi í lögfræði en hugurinn stóð til bókmennta og lista. Fyrsta leikrit hans var frumsýnt árið 1890 og fékk góða dóma og viðtökur áhorfenda. Hann var afkastamikill og sendi frá sér fjölmörg verk á næstu árum, sem mörg hver áttu það sameiginlegt að hafa að geyma sterkar kvenpersónur sem ekki var algengt í leikritun þeirra tíma. Árið 1908 sendi hann svo frá sér verkið Bláa fuglinn (franska: L'Oiseau bleu) sem varð það leikrit hans sem mestum vinsældum náði, hefur verið margoft kvikmyndað og samin eftir því ópera.

Þegar Þjóðverjar réðust inn í Belgíu árið 1914 hugðist Maeterlinck ganga í frönsku útlendingaherdeildina en var hafnað vegna aldurs. Hann bjó í Frakklandi öll stríðsárin og gagnrýndi yfirgang Þjóðverja og lofsöng hetjulund belgísku þjóðarinnar í ræðu og riti. Að fyrri heimsstyrjöldinni lokinni reyndi hann fyrir sér sem handritshöfundur í Hollywood en með litlum árangri. Eftir 1920 dró mjög úr ritstörfum Maeterlinck. Hann var aðlaður af Alberti 1. og hafðist upp frá því við á setri sínu í Frakklandi ef undan eru skilin nokkur ár í útlegð Bandaríkjunum meðan á hernámi Þjóðverja í síðari heimsstyrjöldinni stóð. Maeterlinck lést árið 1949.

Leikverk eftir Maeterlinck hafa orðið mörgum tónskáldum yrkisefni og hefur fjöldinn allur af óperum, bæði fyrir börn og fullorðna, verið saminn eftir þeim.

Belgískir greifar
Maeterlinck, Maurice
Handhafar bókmenntaverðlauna Nóbels

Maurice Maeterlinck


Saturnino Albarracín fue un médico argentino que desempeñó una importante labor en la lucha contra la tuberculosis en las primeras décadas del .

Biografía

Saturnino Albarracín nació en la ciudad de San Juan, Provincia de San Juan, República Argentina, el 13 de julio de 1873 y fue bautizado en su catedral el 10 de septiembre de ese año. Era hijo del doctor Juan Crisóstomo Albarracín, ministro de Justicia e Instrucción Pública de la Nación durante la presidencia de Domingo Faustino Sarmiento y de Adelina Albarracín.

Influenciado por su tío el doctor Alejandro Emilio Albarracín, gobernador de la provincia de San Juan (1890-1894), ingresó a la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires donde se doctoró con diploma de honor por tener las mejores clasificaciones del curso, el 22 de junio de 1900 con la tesis La cianosis en la enfermedad congénita del corazón, apadrinada por el doctor Manuel Blancas y que dedicó «A la memoria de mis queridos padres y de mi tío Dr. Alejandro Albarracin; A mis hermanos; Al Dr. Isidro Quiroga». Ese año se graduaron en la Facultad de la cual era decano el doctor Enrique del Arca (1854-1911) 64 médicos.

En el verano del 1900 la epidemia de peste bubónica que afectaba al país se ensañó particularmente con la ciudad de Rosario (Argentina), afectando especialmente el Barrio Refinería y la barraca Germania obligando a las autoridades a disponer un cordón sanitario y suspender el tráfico ferroviario. Recién recibido de médico, Albarracín decidió instalarse en la ciudad como voluntario para combatir la enfermedad. El 2 de marzo de 1900 fue designado médico interno de la Casa de Aislamiento.

Pese a las circunstancias, el 19 de mayo de ese mismo año contrajo matrimonio con Sara Isabel Palacios, hija de Eloy Palacios, fundador del Pueblo Eloy Palacios, actual Barrio Belgrano de la ciudad de Rosario, con quien tuvo cuatro hijos: Ernesto, Susana, Raquel y Alberto Albarracin.

Tras la epidemia permaneció en Rosario ejerciendo su profesión y en 1901 ingresó como médico al Hospital de Caridad, donde trabajó durante la mayor parte de su vida.

El 5 de marzo de 1902 fue designado también médico de la Asistencia Pública de Rosario. En 1904 era médico de la Sala San Francisco del Hospital de Caridad y en 1909 fue designado médico director del Consultorio Ginecológico de la Asistencia Pública.

Al encararse la construcción del Hospital Provincial del Centenario en Rosario, fue nombrado miembro de la comisión técnica asesora junto a Bartolomé Vasallo, Camilo Aldao, Clemente Álvarez, José S. Sempé, Jerónimo Vaquié, Domingo Mangiante, Luis Vila y Federico Schlessinger, entre otros destacados médicos.

En 1911 fue designado médico jefe del Lactarium. Complementaba sus cargos públicos con el ejercicio privado de la profesión en Rosario, donde en 1914 ofrecía sus servicios como «Dr. Saturnino Albarracín. Médico cirujano. Enfermedades internas y de niños. Santa Fe 1346».

En 1923 fue nombrado profesor de Ciencia y Terapéutica de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral en Santa Fe (Capital). Entre sus discípulos se contaron los doctores Sylvestre Begnis, González Sabathié, Sgrosso, Fernández y Taltavull. En 1925 fue elegido Consejero de dicha casa de estudios.

En 1929 renunció a sus cargos y regresó a Rosario. En la década de 1920 formó junto a los doctores José Sempé, Clemente Álvarez y Manuel Pignetto el Comité de Rosario de la Liga Argentina Contra la Tuberculosis.

En 1934 asumió la dirección del Hospital de Caridad, cargo que mantendría ya hasta su retiro.

Ese año actuó también como vocal de la sección Clínica Médica y Terapéutica del V Congreso Nacional de Medicina que se realizó en Rosario.

En 1935 fue designado médico titular de la Junta de Administración Sanitaria y Asistencia Social de Rosario.

En 1937 fue primero vocal y luego presidente del Consejo General de Educación.

En 1938 fue delegado por la Provincia de Santa Fe ante el III Congreso Provincial del Niño y la I Conferencia Nacional de Psicotecnia.

En 1941 fue miembro de honor de la comisión para la coronación de la Virgen del Rosario y fue designado vocal de la Sección de Medicina Interna del Congreso Nacional de Medicina reunido en la ciudad de La Plata.

Al producirse el trágico terremoto de San Juan de 1944 acudió a colaborar en la asistencia a los heridos.

En 1948 representó a la provincia de Santa Fe en los homenajes realizados en el país con motivo de los 50 años del fallecimiento de Domingo Faustino Sarmiento.

En 1950 se retiró de su cargo de director del Hospital de Caridad.

Fue propuesto para decano de la Facultad de Medicina pero declinó el nombramiento.

Presidió el Círculo Médico de Rosario y fue socio fundador del Colegio Médico de Rosario.

Falleció en Rosario el 24 de septiembre de 1951.

Saturnino Albarracín «a pesar de ser un hombre del centro y con cierto status social no escatimó esfuerzos en atender en su domicilio particular a grandes y niños, ricos y pobres, combatiendo la tisis que por entonces constituía un azote para la sociedad».

Una calle de Fisherton (Rosario) lleva su nombre.

 Notas y referencias

 Enlaces externos

 Bibliografía
 Saturnino Albarracín, La cianosis en la enfermedad congénitas del corazón, Imprenta Mariano Moreno, 1900
 Vicente Osvaldo Cutolo, Nuevo diccionario biográfico argentino (1750-1930)'', Editorial Elche, 1968

Médicos de San Juan
Sanjuaninos (capital)
Médicos de Argentina del siglo XX
Epidemiólogos
Alumnado de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires
Profesores de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral

Saturnino Albarracín


Bahri (Podiceps cristatus), batağangiller (Podicipedidae) familyasından tümüyle suya bağımlı, uzun boyunlu ve sivri gagalı bir kuş türü.

Boynunun önü ve göğsü parlak beyazdır. Yazın üzerinde tüy demetleri bulunan eşsiz siyah bir tepesi ve kestane kızılı ve siyah geniş süs tüylerine sahip beyaz bir yüzü vardır. Kışın süssüz gri-kahverengi ve beyaz renklidir. Siyah başlığı ile sürmesi arasında beyaz bir çizgi bulunur. Alçaktan ve hızlı uçar, uçarken başı ve boynu kanatlarındaki büyük beyaz lekeleri gösterecek şekilde uzatır ve aşağı doğru sarkar ve ayaklarını geriye uzatır.

Galeri

Dış bağlantılar
 http://med.ege.edu.tr/~capaci

Batağangiller
Türkiye'deki kuşlar
Afrika kuşları
Carl Linnaeus tarafından adlandırılmış taksonlar

Bahri


Martiínez Caro bzw. Martiínez-Caro ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Santiago Martínez Caro (1926–2001), spanischer Diplomat
 Santiago Martínez-Caro de la Concha-Castañeda (* 1957), spanischer Diplomat

Martínez Caro


Krankšvester je hrvatski hip hop sastav iz Osijeka. Članovi sastava su 3ki Stil (kasnije 3ki) (Davor Miletić) i Sett (Hrvoje Marjanović).

Poznati su po namjerno vulgarnim, provokativnim, satiričnim i sarkastičnim tekstovima, najčešće o seksu.

Najveći uspjeh su postigli s underground hitom "Gaber" iz 2017. godine.

Dobitnici su 29. Porina za najbolji album hip-hop glazbe 2022. godine.

Diskografija

Studijski albumi
 Krankšvester I (2010.)
 Krankšvester II (2012.)
 Krankšvester III (2014.)
 Krankšvester BONUS (Švester je istina) (2016.)
 Krankšvester IV (2017.)
 Krankšvester V. (2021.)

Kompilacije
 Krankšvester BOX (2016.)

Solo albumi
3ki Stil
 Cirkus (2006.)
 U potrazi za nekim čankirom (2008.)
 Tvrda Stolica (sa Phezz Beatz) (2010.)

Sett

 Demo za demos (2000.)
 ...Izmi (2001/2002.)
 Dnevnik dvorske lude (2006.)
 Vodič kroz život za bezbrižne (2009.)
 Antiklimaks I (2012.)
 Antiklimaks II'' (2012.)

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
  "Gaber" na YouTubeu
 Krankšvester na Bandcamp-u
 Diskografija na Discogs-u

Vidi još
 Dodatak:Popis izvođača hardcore techno kategorije

Hrvatski hip hop glazbeni sastavi
Osječki glazbeni sastavi
Hrvatski elektronički glazbenici

Krankšvester


Tudor Tătaru (n. 1 aprilie 1957, Pojăreni, Ialoveni, RSS Moldovenească, URSS, azi în Republica Moldova – d. 27 martie 2013, Chișinău) a fost un regizor și umorist moldovean.

Biografie
A absolvit Facultatea de Regie de Teatru a Institutului de Arte din Chișinău, în 1986, apoi a urmat cursurile superioare de regie la Moscova (1987-1989). Reîntors în țară, a lucrat ca regizor la studioul Moldova-film (1989-1992). A înființat în 1992 studioul independent de filme folclorice și de comedie "Buciumul", care a fost trecut în 1996 sub patronajul municipiului Chișinău.

A regizat în 1996 filmul Dănilă Prepeleac, realizat ca o coproducție moldo-română. Ulterior a înființat Festivalul de umor "Dănilă Prepeleac", a relansat revista satirică Usturici și a fost președintele Uniunii Umoriștilor din Moldova. A colaborat ca instrumentist la formația etno-folclorică "Tălăncuța".

A candidat ca independent la alegerile parlamentare din 2005, fără a fi ales. A militat pentru Unirea Republicii Moldova cu România și a participat constant până în 2005 la protestele conduse de Iurie Roșca. În anul 2006 a fost decorat de președintele Vladimir Voronin cu Ordinul "Gloria Muncii".

A murit în urma unui atac de cord la studioul "Buciumul" și a fost înmormântat în Cimitirul Central din Chișinău.

Filmografie

Regizor
 Moș Ion în Cosmos (1992)
 Polobocul (1993)
 Dănilă Prepeleac (1996)

Scenarist
 Dănilă Prepeleac (1996) - în colaborare cu Vlad Olărescu

Note

Nașteri în 1957
Regizori moldoveni
Umoriști din Republica Moldova
Decese în 2013
Decorați cu Ordinul Gloria Muncii al Republicii Moldova
Decese în Chișinău
Oameni din raionul Ialoveni

Tudor Tătaru


Outkivka () ou Outkovka () est une commune urbaine de l'oblast de Kharkiv, en Ukraine. Elle compte  en 2021.

Références

Commune urbaine dans l'oblast de Kharkiv

Outkivka


Jack London Square is an entertainment and business destination on the waterfront of Oakland, California, United States. Named after the author Jack London and owned by the Port of Oakland, it is the home of stores, restaurants, hotels, Amtrak's Jack London Square station, a San Francisco Bay Ferry ferry dock, the historic Heinold's First and Last Chance Saloon, the (re-located) cabin where Jack London lived in the Klondike, and a movie theater.  A farmer's market is hosted among the retail shops on Sunday mornings. The former presidential yacht USS Potomac is moored at an adjacent slip.

History
The area between Broadway, Webster, First Street (Embarcadero) and the estuary was named Jack London Square in 1951. On May 1, 1951, the area was formally dedicated and a plaque placed at the foot of Broadway.

Geography
Jack London Square is located at the south end of Broadway, across the Oakland Estuary from Alameda.

The name has also come to refer to the formerly industrial neighborhood surrounding Jack London Square now known as the Jack London District, which has undergone significant rehabilitation in the last decade, including loft conversions and new construction.

Former California Governor (and former Oakland mayor) Jerry Brown made his home here before moving north to the Uptown neighborhood.

Tenants and businesses
KTVU (Channel 2), the Bay Area's Fox affiliate, has had studios at the Square since it began broadcasting on March 3, 1958, and the offices of the Port of Oakland are located there as well. The Square was also the temporary home of the Oakland Tribune from 1989 to 1996 after the newspaper was forced to abandon the landmark downtown Tribune Tower due to damage it sustained in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.

Other businesses at Jack London Square range from the Oakland Athletics team headquarters and software firm Navis LLC, to restaurants such as Farmhouse, Noka Ramon, Scott's Seafood and Yoshi's restaurant and jazz club. California Canoe & Kayak retail and kayak rental shop has been located in Jack London Square since 1993.

Railways and transit
A mainline railroad runs through the middle of Embarcadero West, with the train speed limit set at 15 mph (25 km/h). Trains served 16th Street station until earthquake damage in 1989; afterwards, that station was replaced in 1994 by the present-day Jack London Square station. The tracks running through Jack London Square are used by BNSF and Union Pacific and Amtrak's Capitol Corridor, Coast Starlight and San Joaquin services. The trains share the road with automobiles, AC Transit buses, and pedestrians. A second Transbay Tube may include a BART station at the square. Another possibility is an aerial tramway to BART stations in downtown Oakland.

Design and development
Jack London Square's most recent changes are adding more businesses, restaurants, and entertainment. Under lead developer Ellis Partners, Jack London Square's new architecture and public spaces are adding to the daytime and nighttime population and use. Recent new components include the 55 Harrison building, a  mid-rise by RMW Architects in association with Steve Worthington.  The public spaces by SWA Group extended the city to the waterfront by adding accessible waterfront spaces supporting a variety of programs and events from farmers markets to the popular festivals and events.

See also
 Jack London District, Oakland, California
 Chinatown, Oakland, California
 Old Oakland

References

External links

 The Jack London District Association
 The Jack London News

Neighborhoods in Oakland, California
Redeveloped ports and waterfronts in the United States
Lincoln Highway
Street running
Tourist attractions in Oakland, California
Shopping districts and streets in the San Francisco Bay Area
Jack London
San Francisco Bay Trail

Jack London Square


على جنب يا أسطى هو فيلم روائي اجتماعي كوميدي مصري، من تأليف عبد الرحيم كمال، إنتاج كرار حبيب الله - سعيد حامد ومن إخراج سعيد حامد، عرض الفيلم في 2008.

القصة
تدور أحداث الفيلم حول شخصية صلاح سائق التاكسي الذي يعمل ليلا ويقابل نوعيات مختلفة من الناس تحدث بينهم مواقف متنوعة، كما أنه شخصية طيبة يعانى من ظروفه المادية الصعبة التي يحاول التغلب عليها بالحديث مع زبائنه الذين يدخلون معه في حواديت تخص حياتهم، ومن خلال تلك القصص نرصد حالة المجتمع المصري ونستطيع التعرف إلى أهم القضايا التي تشغل بال المصريين.

بطولة
 أشرف عبد الباقي: صلاح سائق التاكسي
 آسر ياسين: مرعي أخو صلاح
 اروى جوده: نور
 خيرية أحمد: الام
 روجينا: منار زوجة صلاح
 شمس: سهير فتاة ليل
 محمد نصر
 حمدي السخاوي: سعيد أستك في الكباريه
 أحمد دياب: ضيف شرف
 حمدي هيكل: مدحت زوج سمية أخت نور
 سامح أبو الغار: صاحب محل أدوات منزلية
 هبة أبو الخير: سمية أخت نور وأم كريم
 سمير غانم: حمدي به مروحة المغمي عليه
 تامر حبيب: عشيق زوجة حمدي
 محمد الصاوي: مدرس الجغرافيا
 محمد علي الدين: ضابط اللجنة
 أحمد الطماني: وكيل النيابة
 أحمد الحلواني: مسجون
 علاء مرسي: مدرس جغرافيا
 محمود عبد الغفار: الصيدلي
 زيزي البدراوي: مدام أميرة عجوزة
 نهال عنبر: أخت مدام أميرة
 كريم مغاوري: أبن أخت مدام أميرة
 صبري عبد المنعم: باشا مهم أحتاج مرعي
 محمود الجندي: شيخ - ولي - روح
 ماجد الكدواني: إبراهيم نصر ضابط الكاميرا الخفية
 إسماعيل يسرى: أرهابي بالكايمرا الخفية
 أحمد صيام: المقدم / منير خلف
 غريب محمود: ملك الموت الحرامي
 تامر إبراهيم: زيكو سارق التاكسي
 حسان العربي: سائق تاكسي
 داوود حسين: رجل عربي
 أحمد رزق: زبون عصبي
 أحمد السقا: عصام المواردي خطيب نور
 كاريمان: زوجة حمدي به مروحة
 أحمد عنان:الطفل كريم
 متولي علوان
 عادل شعبان
 عزة سعيد
 أحمد القصب

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 صفحة الفيلم في قاعدة بيانات الأفلام العربية

أفلام إنتاج 2008
أفلام كوميدية مصرية
أفلام أشرف عبد الباقي
أفلام خيرية أحمد
أفلام صبري عبد المنعم
أفلام ماجد الكدواني
أفلام أحمد السقا
أفلام أحمد الحلواني
أفلام أحمد صيام
أفلام أحمد رزق
أفلام نهال عنبر
أفلام حمدي السخاوي
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 2008
أفلام مافيا

على جنب يا أسطى (فيلم)


مجموعة شركات كريازى هي شركة لإنتاج الأجهزة المنزلية في مصر والعالم العربي بدأت نشاطها في مجال الأجهزة المنزلية عام 1985م حيث قامت بتأسيس أول مصنع لإنتاج الثلاجات في مدينة العاشر من رمضان. ينتج المعمل الثلاجات والمجمدات المنزلية لتغطية السوق المحلية كما يقوم بالتصدير.

التاريخ

تأسست شركة كريازي عام 1873 تحت مُسمي Kyriazi Freres شركةً تصنيع سجائر في مصر. أسس الشركة إيوانيس كيريازيس مع إخوته إفستاثوس و إيبامينونداس بالإضافة إلي أخويه الآخرين جورج و ديميتريس اللذين لعبوا أيضًا دورًا نشطًا في الشركة.

كان والد إيوانيس هو (كيريازيس حاجي كيريازيس) (مواليد 1817) من كيسوس في ثيساليا (اليونان). كان تاجر تبغ ومعاطف، متزوج من كيراتسو أليكسوبولو (الزوجة الأولى) وماريا (مواليد 1820 ، الزوجة الثانية). ذهب يوانيس إلى تجارة التبغ في سميرنا ، لكنه أُجبر على الخروج من اليونان بفعل احتكار التبغ التركي. أسس شركة لاستيراد التبغ ومصنع سجائر في شارع الموسكي في القاهرة في مصر، والتي أصبحت فيما بعد تعرف باسم Kyriazi Freres. تأسست الشركة رسميًا في عام 1873 ، كما هو معلن على جميع منتجاتها. في عام 1897 ، شيد الأخوان مصنعًا لهذا الغرض في منطقة التوفيقية بالقاهرة وظّفوا أكثر من 500 عامل لتصنيع السجائر المصنوعة يدويًا.

توسعت الشركة بعد حملة إعلانية وأصبحت علاماتها التجارية معروفة في جميع أنحاء أوروبا و الشرق الأوسط. كانت لديها منفذ في 20 في لندن، وكذلك وكلاء في النمسا و المجر وسويسرا. بحلول عام 1901، كانت كريازي تُصدر أكثر من 103 مليون سيجارة سنويًا. بعد بضع سنوات، افتتح أبناء يوانيس (داميانوس و كونستانتينوس مواليد 1891 وتوفي 1962) مصانع مخصصة في أمستردام بهولندا (1922) وفي هامبورغ بألمانيا (1925).

ومن أشهر علاماتهم التجارية هي Aris و Astra و Conqueror Extra و Egyptica و Amir و Ferik و Finas و Ideal و Imperatore و Neptune و Special و Zenith. حصلت هذه العلامات التجارية على العديد من جوائز الجودة في المعارض و المعارض التجارية.

مصنع القاهرة
كان مصنعهم الأصلي يقع في مبنى شيد خصيصًا في الحي الأوروبي بالقاهرة، و تحديداً في سوق التوفيقية. كانت هذه المنطقة عبارة عن مزيج من المنشآت السكنية و التجارية و الدبلوماسية. احتل المبنى الأحمر و البيج و حديقته 3000 متر مربع. كان مصنع كريازي ولا يزال مبنى تاريخيًا شهيرًا. كتبت صحيفة كايرو تايمز أن «... المكان ينبض بالحيوية اليوم كما كان في أيام كيريازي باشا».[7:الصفحة الإنجليزية]

مصانع المجموعة و منتجاتها اليوم

تتكون مجموعة الشركات من أربعة مصانع اثنان منهما لإنتاج الثلاجات والفريزارات وآخر لإنتاج الغسالات أما المصنع الرابع فهو لإنتاج الطاهى الغازي والسخانات المنزلية التي تعمل بالكهرباء والغاز.

تقع المصانع الثلاث الأخيرة في طريق القاهرة بلبيس مدينة العبور بمساحة إجمالية 220.000 متر مربع.

يبلغ عدد العاملين في مجموعة الشركات 4600 موظف.

تطور المجموعة

شهدت المجموعة تطوراً من حيث افتتاح المصانع ففي عام 1995 افتتح معمل الغسالات تلاه في عام 1999 افتتاح المصنع الثالث الذي ينتج موديلات جديدة من الثلاجات والمجمدات، وكان آخرها المصنع الرابع الذي افتتح عام 2005 لإنتاج سخانات المياه المنزلية.

مراجع

تكتل شركات في مصر
شركات التبغ في مصر
شركات المنتجات المنزلية المصرية
شركات تصنيع مصرية
شركات تصنيع مقرها في القاهرة
شركات قابضة مصرية

مجموعة شركات كريازي


Metaxismul (în ) este o ideologie naționalistă asociată cu prim-ministrul și dictatorul grec Ioannis Metaxas. El a urmărit regenerarea națiunii grecești și crearea unei Grecii moderne, omogene din punct de vedere cultural. Metaxismul a denigrat liberalismul și a considerat interesele individului ca fiind subordonate celor ale națiunii, încercând să mobilizeze poporul grec în slujba creării unei "noi Grecii".

Metaxas a declarat că regimul său (instituit de Metaxas, cu susținerea regelui George al II-lea la 4 august 1936) reprezintă o "a treia civilizație grecească" care sa angajat să creeze o națiune greacă purificată cultural bazată pe societățile militariste ale Macedoniei antice și ale Spartei, pe care le considera "prima civilizație greacă", iar pe etica creștină ortodoxă a Imperiului Bizantin, o considera că reprezintă "a doua civilizație greacă". Regimul lui Metaxas a afirmat că adevărații greci sunt grecii creștini și ortodocși, intenționând să-i excludă în mod deliberat pe albanezii, slavii și turcii care locuiau în Grecia ori dețineau cetățenie greacă.

Din punct de vedere academic, conducerea lui Metaxas este considerată ca fiind o dictatură totalitarist-conservatoare convențională asemănătoare cu cea a Spaniei lui Francisco Franco sau a Portugaliei lui António de Oliveira Salazar. Guvernul metaxist a sprijinit puternic instituțiile tradiționale, cum ar fi Biserica Ortodoxă Greacă și Monarhia Greacă, în mod esențial reacționar, îi lipseau însă dimensiunile teoretice radicale ale ideologiilor precum fascismul italian și nazismul german.

Ideologia metaximismului a fost asociată cu partidul politic al lui Metaxas,  și Regimul din 4 august. În perioada postbelică, a fost susținută de partidul din 4 august și, în prezent de Zorii Aurii.

Note

Bibliografie
Lee, Stephen J. 2000. European Dictatorships, 1918-1945 Routledge; 2 edition (22 Jun 2000). ISBN 0415230462.

Naționalism grec
Mișcări politice
Ideologii

Metaxism


Pars petrosa på tindingebenet er pyramideformet og klemt ind i bunden af kraniet mellem kilebenet og nakkebenet. Direkte medialt, fremad og en smule opad, danner det en base, et apex, tre overflader og tre vinkler, og huser i sit indre, det indre øres komponenter. Pars petrosa en blandt kraniets mest basale elementer, og danner en del af endocranium. Pars petrosa kommer fra det latinske ord petrosus, der betyder "sten-agtig, hård". Det er en af de knogler i kroppen med den højeste densitet.

Referencer

Skelet

Pars petrosa


Vale Royal was, from 1974 to 2009, a local government district with borough status in Cheshire, England. It contained the towns of Northwich, Winsford and Frodsham.

History
The district was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 covering the area of three former districts and part of a fourth, which were abolished at the same time:
Northwich Rural District
Northwich Urban District
Runcorn Rural District (part)
Winsford Urban District

The district took its name from Vale Royal Abbey, formerly one of the largest in England, which was situated near the village of Whitegate near the centre of the district. The name was suggested in 1972 by a joint committee of the previous district councils, on the basis of the historic use of the name for the general area of the new district. The district was granted borough status on 5 May 1988, allowing the chairman of the council to take the title of mayor.

In 2006 the Department for Communities and Local Government considered reorganising Cheshire's administrative structure as part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England. The decision to merge Vale Royal with the districts of Chester and Ellesmere Port and Neston to create a single unitary authority was announced on 25 July 2007, following a consultation period in which a proposal to create a single Cheshire unitary authority was rejected.

Vale Royal was abolished on 31 March 2009, with the area becoming part of the new unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester from 1 April 2009.

Civil parishes

The district comprised the following civil parishes:

Acton Bridge
Allostock
Alvanley
Anderton with Marbury
Antrobus
Aston
Barnton
Bostock
Byley
Comberbach
Crowton
Cuddington
Darnhall
Davenham
Delamere
Dutton
Frodsham
Great Budworth
Hartford
Helsby
Kingsley
Lach Dennis
Little Budworth
Little Leigh
Lostock Gralam
Lower Peover
Manley
Marston
Moulton
Norley
Northwich
Oakmere
Rudheath
Rushton
Sproston
Stanthorne
Sutton
Tarporley
Utkinton
Weaverham
Whitegate and Marton
Whitley
Wimboldsley
Wincham
Winsford

Political control
The first elections to the council were held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority until the new arrangements came into effect on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council from 1974 until its abolition in 2009 was held by the following parties:

Leadership
The leaders of the council from 1988 were:

Composition
The political composition of the council at its abolition in 2009 was:

Premises

Until 1990 the council operated from the various offices it had inherited from its predecessors, being Whitehall in Hartford (from Northwich Rural District Council), the Council House in Northwich (from Northwich Urban District Council), Castle Park House in Frodsham (from Runcorn Rural District Council), and Over Hall in Winsford (from Winsford Urban District Council). In 1990 the council consolidated its offices into a new purpose-built headquarters called Wyvern House on The Drumber in Winsford. Wyvern House was formally opened by Princess Margaret on 19 July 1991. Since the council's abolition in 2009, Wyvern House has been used as one of the offices of its successor, Cheshire West and Chester Council.

Council elections
1973 Vale Royal District Council election
1976 Vale Royal District Council election (New ward boundaries)
1979 Vale Royal District Council election
1983 Vale Royal District Council election (District boundary changes took place but the number of seats remained the same)
1987 Vale Royal District Council election
1991 Vale Royal Borough Council election (Borough boundary changes took place but the number of seats remained the same)
1995 Vale Royal Borough Council election
1999 Vale Royal Borough Council election (New ward boundaries)
2003 Vale Royal Borough Council election
2007 Vale Royal Borough Council election

By-election results

External links
Vale Royal Council

References

Council elections in Cheshire
District council elections in England
Districts of England established in 1974
English districts abolished in 2009
Former non-metropolitan districts of Cheshire
Former boroughs in England

Vale Royal


Paulistânia es un municipio brasileño del estado de São Paulo. Se localiza a una latitud 22º34'42" sur y a una longitud 49º24'10" oeste, estando a una altitud de 645 metros. Su población estimada en 2004 era de 1.910 habitantes.

Posee un área de 257,22 km².

Demografía
Datos del Censo - 2000

Población total: 1.779
 Urbana: 999
 Rural: 780
 Hombres: 941
 Mujeres: 838
Densidad demográfica (hab./km²): 6,93

Mortalidad infantil hasta 1 año (por mil): 7,65

Expectativa de vida (años): 76,37

Tasa de fertilidad (hijos por mujer): 2,56

Tasa de alfabetización: 85,14%

Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH-M): 0,774
 IDH-M Salario: 0,667
 IDH-M Longevidad: 0,856
 IDH-M Educación: 0,800
(Fuente: IPEAFecha)

Hidrografía
 Río Turvo
 Río Alambari
 Río Corrego del Son Gerônimo
 Río Rebeirão del Limoeiro

Carreteras
 SP-225

Administración
 Prefecto: Hélio José Ferreira del Nascimento (2009/2012)
 Viceprefecto: Drº Paulo Augusto Granchi
 Presidente de la cámara: Claudineia de Moraes Marques (2009/2010)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de São Paulo

Paulistânia


La ligne S3 est une des dix-huit lignes de train de banlieue de l'agglomération barcelonaise. Elle relie Barcelone à Sant Vicenç dels Horts et dessert au total six communes sur le tracé de la ligne Llobregat - Anoia.

Elle est exploitée par les Chemins de fer de la généralité de Catalogne (FGC).

Historique
La ligne entre Plaça d'Espanya et Can Ros reçoit en  le code S33, précédemment attribué entre  et  au service à destination de Sant Andreu de la Barca. Elle est renumérotée S3 en , pour tenir compte de la transformation de la S3 en L8 en . Elle puise ses origines dans la ligne du Nord-Ouest entre Barcelone et Martorell, ouverte en .

Caractéristiques

Ligne
La ligne parcourt les infrastructures de la ligne Llobregat - Anoia. Elle compte , dont neuf souterraines, et parcourt . Les rails sont à écartement métrique et la voie est double sur l'intégralité du trajet.

À partir de Plaça d'Espanya, elle dessert six communes : Barcelone, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Cornellà de Llobregat, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Santa Coloma de Cervelló et Sant Vicenç dels Horts, et partage son tracé avec la ligne L8 jusqu'à Molí Nou | Ciutat Cooperativa, et les lignes S4, S8, S9, R5/50 et R6/60 jusqu'à son terminus de Can Ros.

Stations et correspondances

Exploitation

Matériel roulant
La ligne est servie par les rames de série 213 des FGC.

Horaires et tarification

Projets

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Chemins de fer de la généralité de Catalogne
 Métro de Barcelone – Rodalies de Catalogne

Liens externes
 .

S3
Lignes régionales de Catalogne

Ligne S3 des FGC


Metaontologia é o estudo do campo de investigação conhecido como ontologia. O objetivo da metaontologia é esclarecer do que se trata a ontologia e como interpretar o significado das afirmações ontológicas. Diferentes teorias metaontológicas discordam sobre qual é o objetivo da ontologia e se uma determinada questão ou teoria está no âmbito da ontologia. Não há acordo universal se a metaontologia é um campo de investigação separado além da ontologia ou se é apenas um ramo da ontologia.

Os realistas metaontológicos sustentam que há respostas objetivas para as questões básicas da ontologia. De acordo com a abordagem quineana, o objetivo da ontologia é determinar o que existe e o que não existe. A abordagem neoaristotélica afirma que o objetivo da ontologia é determinar quais entidades são fundamentais e como as entidades não fundamentais dependem delas. Os antirrealistas metaontológicos, por outro lado, negam que haja respostas objetivas para as questões básicas da ontologia. Um exemplo de tal abordagem é a tese de Rudolf Carnap de que a verdade das afirmações de existência depende do quadro de referência em que estas afirmações são formuladas.

O termo "metaontologia" é de origem recente. Foi usado pela primeira vez por Peter van Inwagen ao analisar a crítica de Willard Van Orman Quine à metafísica de Rudolf Carnap, onde Quine introduziu uma técnica formal para determinar os compromissos ontológicos em uma comparação de ontologias.

Relação com a ontologia
Thomas Hofweber, embora reconheça que o uso do termo é controverso, sugere que a metaontologia constitui um campo de investigação separado da ontologia como sua metateoria, quando entendida em sentido estrito. Mas a ontologia também pode ser interpretada de forma mais ampla como contendo sua metateoria. Os defensores do termo tentam distinguir a ontologia, que investiga o que existe, da metaontologia, que investiga o que estamos perguntando quando perguntamos o que existe.

A noção de compromisso ontológico () é útil para elucidar a diferença entre a ontologia e a metaontologia. Uma teoria está ontologicamente comprometida com uma entidade se essa entidade deve existir para que a teoria seja verdadeira. A metaontologia está interessada, entre outras coisas, em quais são os compromissos ontológicos de uma determinada teoria. Para esta investigação não importa se a teoria e seus compromissos são verdadeiros ou falsos. A ontologia, por outro lado, está interessada, entre outras coisas, em quais entidades existem, ou seja, quais compromissos ontológicos são verdadeiros.

Realismo
O realista metaontológico sustenta que há respostas objetivas para as questões básicas da ontologia. Os trabalhos recentes no realismo metaontológico podem ser divididos em duas abordagens: a abordagem neoaristotélica e a abordagem quineana.

Abordagem quineana
De acordo com a abordagem quineana, o objetivo da ontologia é determinar o que existe e o que não existe. O próprio Quine desenvolveu uma versão específica desta abordagem, baseando-se na lógica de primeira ordem e em teorias científicas pré-existentes para responder às questões de existência. Envolve traduzir estas teorias em fórmulas de lógica de primeira ordem. Seus compromissos ontológicos são então extraídos dos quantificadores existenciais utilizados nas fórmulas.

Uma ideia por trás desta abordagem é que as teorias científicas são nosso melhor palpite sobre o que é verdade. Mas, para que sejam verdadeiras, deve haver algo lá que as torne verdadeiras: seus veridadores (). Os quantificadores existenciais atuam como um guia para os veridadores.

Outra abordagem para responder a questões de existência é proposta por Amie L. Thomasson. Sua abordagem fácil para a ontologia () difere da abordagem de Quine, pois se baseia no senso comum em vez da ciência. A abordagem é fácil porque geralmente parte de premissas de senso comum muito triviais. Por exemplo, um argumento fácil para a existência de números na filosofia da matemática pode ser feito da seguinte maneira. Há cinco livros em cima da mesa. Portanto, o número de livros em cima da mesa é cinco. Portanto, os números existem. A abordagem de Thomasson difere da de Quine não apenas em relação ao seu compromisso com o senso comum, mas também em relação ao seu relato da quantificação.

Abordagem neoaristotélica
De acordo com a abordagem neoaristotélica, o objetivo da ontologia é determinar quais entidades são fundamentais e como as entidades não fundamentais dependem delas. O conceito de fundamentalidade é geralmente definido em termos de fundamentação metafísica. As entidades fundamentais são diferentes das entidades não fundamentais porque não se baseiam em outras entidades. Por exemplo, às vezes se sustenta que as partículas elementares são mais fundamentais que os objetos macroscópicos (como cadeiras e mesas) que compõem. Esta é uma afirmação sobre a relação de fundamentação entre objetos microscópicos e macroscópicos. Um neoaristotélico classificaria esta afirmação como uma afirmação ontológica.

O próprio Aristóteles também era "neoaristotélico" no sentido de que sustentava que entidades de diferentes categorias ontológicas têm diferentes graus de fundamentalidade. Por exemplo, as substâncias têm o mais alto grau de fundamentalidade porque existem em si mesmas. As propriedades, por outro lado, são menos fundamentais porque dependem de substâncias para sua existência.

O monismo prioritário de Jonathan Schaffer é uma forma mais recente de ontologia neoaristotélica. Ele sustenta que no nível mais fundamental existe apenas uma coisa: o mundo como um todo. Esta tese não nega nossa intuição de senso comum de que os objetos distintos que encontramos em nossos assuntos cotidianos, como carros ou outras pessoas, existem. Apenas nega que estes objetos têm a forma mais fundamental de existência.

Comparação
De acordo com Schaffer, uma diferença importante entre as duas abordagens é que a abordagem quineana leva a uma ontologia plana (), enquanto a abordagem neoaristotélica leva a uma ontologia ordenada (). Em uma ontologia plana, não há diferença na fundamentalidade entre os diferentes objetos: todos eles estão no mesmo nível. Em uma ontologia ordenada, por outro lado, as entidades fazem parte de uma estrutura hierárquica complexa com diferentes níveis. Os níveis mais altos desta estrutura se baseiam nos níveis mais básicos. Schaffer também distingue um terceiro tipo de ontologia que ele chama de classificada (). As ontologias classificadas classificam entidades em diferentes categorias ontológicas exclusivas. Mas esta classificação não implica nenhuma relação hierárquica entre as entidades das diferentes categorias.

Foi argumentado que o neoaristotelismo não é uma alternativa genuína ao quineanismo. Assim, as teorias em ontologia podem combinar elementos de ambas as abordagens sem se tornarem inconsistentes.

Antirrealismo
O antirrealista metaontológico sustenta que não há respostas objetivas para as questões básicas da ontologia. Um exemplo de tal abordagem é a tese de Rudolf Carnap de que a verdade das afirmações de existência depende do quadro de referência em que estas afirmações são formuladas. A escolha entre os quadros de referência é guiada por considerações pragmáticas, mas não há nenhum fato definitivo sobre qual quadro é correto. Quine discordou de seu mestre Carnap nestes pontos, o que levou ao debate Carnap-Quine. Amie L. Thomasson resume o desacordo subjacente a este debate com referência à distinção "entre questões de existência feitas usando um quadro linguístico e questões de existência que deveriam ser feitas de alguma forma sem estar sujeitas a essas regras - feitas, como Quine coloca, "antes da adoção da língua dada". Carnap refere-se a esta distinção como a distinção interna-externa.

Ontologia
Metafilosofia

Metaontologia


Ondřej Čelůstka (; ) este un fotbalist ceh care joacă pe postul de fundaș pentru clubul turc Antalyaspor din Süper Lig. Face parte din echipa națională de fotbal a Cehiei și a jucat pentru echipa națională de tineret a Cehiei sub 21 de ani la Campionatul European de Fotbal sub 21 din 2011.

Cariera pe echipe

Slavia Praga
Și-a început cariera la FC Tescoma Zlín, debutând ca fotbalist profesionist în Gambrinus liga în sezonul 2007-2008, jucând mai multe meciuri în sezonul următor. Performanțele sale bune i-au asigurat un loc de titular la clubul ceh, Slavia Praga, pentru care a jucat în paisprezece meciuri și a marcat un gol în turul Primei Ligi a Cehiei din sezonul 2009-2010.

Împrumutul la Palermo
Pe 1 februarie 2010 a fost împrumutat la echipa Serie A din Palermo, cu sicilienii având opțiunea de a-l transfera permanent la sfârșitul sezonului. A primit tricoul cu numărul 89 din partea rosanerilor.

El a jucat primul său meci în tricoul rosanero, precum și primul său meci Serie A, intrând în a doua repriză în locul lui Marco Calderoni într-on victorie acasă scor 3-1 cu Bologna.

Trabzonspor

La 8 iulie 2011, s-a transferat la clubul turc Trabzonspor pentru suma de 900 000 de euro și a semnat un turcii un contract pe 5 ani. Clubul i-a dat tricoul cu numărul 28.

În timpul unui meci împotriva echipei Inter Milano de pe San Siro, Čelůstka a marcat singurul gol al meciului într-o victorie scor 1-0 pentru Trabzonspor în Liga Campionilor UEFA 2011-2012.

Împrumutul la Sunderland
Čelůstka a ajuns la clubul englez din Premier League Sunderland pe 12 august 2013.

El și-a făcut debutul în Premier League pentru Sunderland pe Stadium of Light cinci zile mai târziu. Čelůstka a dat un voleu de la 30 de metri care a fost apărat de Maarten Stekelenburg, iar echipa sa a început sezonul cu o înfrângere scor 0–1 cu Fulham.

Čelůstka a fost o rezervă neutilizată în partid pierdută cu 3-1 de Sunderland în Finala Cupei Ligii cu Manchester City care a avut loc pe stadionul Wembley la 2 martie.

1. FC Nürnberg
La 24 august 2014, Čelůstka a semnat un acord din postura de jucător liber de contract cu 1. FC Nürnberg din 2. Bundesliga după ce și-a reziliat contractul cu Trabzonspor.

Antalyaspor
În iulie 2015, Čelůstka s-a transferat la Antalyaspor.

Cariera la națională
Čelůstka a reprezentat Cehia la categoriile de vârstă sub 19 ani și sub 20 de ani, strângând 18 selecții la cea sub 21 de ani. Performanțele sale la Campionatul European de Fotbal din 2011 l-au făcut să fie numit în echipa turneului. El a debutat pentru echipa mare a Cehiei la 15 noiembrie 2013 și a marcat după doar trei minute într-o victorie cu 2-0 împotriva Canadei.

Referințe

Cehi expatriați în Germania
Fundași
Fotbaliști ai Premier League
Fotbaliști ai 1. FC Nürnberg
Fotbaliști ai Sunderland AFC
Fotbaliști internaționali cehi
Fotbaliști cehi
Sportivi cehi în viață
Nașteri în 1989
Nașteri pe 18 iunie

Ondřej Čelůstka


Scuip pe mormântul tău (în ) este un film horror american, fiind o refacere a filmului controversat din 1978 - Day of The Woman.

Note

Filme horror americane
Filme americane
Filme din 2010

Scuip pe mormântul tău (film din 2010)


بعد الفراق مسلسل مصري تم بثه في رمضان 1429 - 2008، من بطولة خالد صالح والتونسية هند صبري ٍ، تأليف احمد العربي وإخراج موسى العمواسي.
إنتاج سعيد مشعل

قصة المسلسل
تدور قصة المسلسل حول محورين هامين الأول مهنة الصحافة بخباياها ومن يدخلها من شرفاء ودخلاء ومن يؤثر في الآخر المهنة ام الشخص وتركز على علاقة الصحافة بالسلطة والعكس كما توضح بعض الحقائق التي لا يمكن نكرانها في أن للقلم حد كالسيف قد يقتل في صمت وقد يحيي من العدم معاذ الله في التعبير والقصد ان للقلم الصحفي سلطة وقضاء أحياناً يكون أكثر تأثيراً من حد السيف كما أن هذا لمسلسل يسلط الضوء على من هم يطبقون علي انفسهم اسم الهوامير أو انطلق نحن عليهم اسم الطغاة وإلى أي مدى يصل طغيانهم.

كما أن المسلسل يأخذنا بين العمل والحياة الخاصة التي قد تختلف كل الاختلاف عن طبيعته كصحافي فيركز المسلسل العلاقة بين حبيبين بينهم العديد من الفروق الشخصية والاجتماعية وكيف يواجهان مشاكل متعددة في علاقتهما، وهل الحكم يكون للمجتمع ام لهم في تحديد علاقتهم وهم سكرة هند صبري ويوسف الصياد خالد صالح الذين تربيا معا منذ الصغروفرق بينهم القدر أكثر من مرة وكانت الأولى في كل مرة تحاول أن تصل له كان يعلوا أكثر إلى ان خدمها القدر ودفعها طموحها إلى الوصول لوضع اتاح الفرصة لالتقائهم اما عن نهاية المسلسل فهي غير مباشرة.

وصلات خارجية

مسلسلات تلفزيونية مصرية بدأ عرضها في 2008
مسلسلات عبد الرحمن أبو زهرة
مسلسلات نشوى مصطفى

بعد الفراق (مسلسل)