(January 4, 1882 – January 8, 1949) was a Japanese general in World War II and Chief of the Army General Staff during the final years of the conflict. He was convicted of war crimes and sentenced to life imprisonment.

Biography

Early life and career
Umezu was born in Nakatsu, Ōita, Japan, where his family ran a bookstore since the 18th century. During his years at the Kumamoto Prefectural Seiseikou High School in Kumamoto, he decided to pursue a military career. He graduated from the 15th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy on November 30, 1903 and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the infantry the following February 12, 1904. Promoted to lieutenant on June 30, 1905, he entered the 23rd class of the Army Staff College, graduating first in 1911. Following his promotion to captain on March 25, 1912, he was sent to Europe for further studies in Germany and Denmark. While in Denmark, he was also a military observer from Japan, during the course of World War I, and was promoted to major on June 1, 1918. From 1919 to 1921, he was appointed as a military attaché to Switzerland.

Umezu was promoted to lieutenant colonel on February 8, 1922, and to colonel on December 15, 1925. During the 1920s, he was a member of the Tōseiha, led by General Kazushige Ugaki along with Gen Sugiyama, Koiso Kuniaki, Tetsuzan Nagata and Hideki Tōjō. They represented a politically moderate line within the armed forces, in opposition to the radical Kōdōha movement, guided by Sadao Araki. Umezu served as an instructor at the Army Staff College from 1923–1924, and was commander of the IJA 3rd Infantry Regiment from 1924–1926.

Umezu was promoted to major general in August 1930 and commander of the  IJA 1st Infantry Brigade. He worked at the General Staff from August 1933, and was sent as a military attaché to Switzerland from November 1933. After his return to Japan in March 1934, he was appointed commander of the Japanese China Garrison Army and in November repelled a large-scale Chinese incursion into Rehe Province. In June 1935 he signed the He–Umezu Agreement, which was an attempt to defuse tensions between the Republic of China and Japan, and which gave Japan control over ten provinces of Hebei. Umezu  was promoted to lieutenant general in August. In August 1935, he became commander of the Sendai-based IJA 2nd Division. He strongly opposed the  February 26 incident attempted coup-de-etat in 1936. Umezu was appointed Vice Minister of War from March 1936 and working under Army Minister Terauchi Hisaichi, purged many of the radical kōdōha members from the Army ranks.

World War II

Umezu returned to China in May 1938 as commander-in-chief of the IJA 1st Army. By this time, the IJA 1st Army had completed its combat operations, and was serving as a garrison force in Japanese-occupied northern China. From September 1939 he was commander-in-chief of the Kwangtung Army, which was likewise acting as a garrison force in Manchukuo. He was promoted to full general on August 1, 1940.

In July 1944, Umezu was appointed as the final Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff, and a member of the Supreme War Council, following the resignation of Hideki Tojo. Along with Army Minister Korechika Anami and Chief of Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff,  Soemu Toyoda, Umezu opposed surrender in August 1945; he believed that the military should fight on, forcing the Allies to sustain such heavy losses in an invasion of Japan, that Japan could negotiate for peace under better terms. He was aware of the planned coup d'état by junior officers opposed to the surrender, but did nothing to either aid or hinder it. He was personally ordered by Emperor Hirohito to sign the instrument of surrender on behalf of the armed forces on September 2, 1945 and was thus the Army's senior representative during the surrender ceremonies on the battleship , officially ending World War II. He entered the reserves on November 30.

After the war, he was arrested by the SCAP authorities and tried as a war criminal at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo. He was found guilty of Counts 1, 27, 29, 31 and 32 of waging a war of aggression and sentenced to life imprisonment on November 12, 1948.

Umezu died from rectal cancer in 1949 while still incarcerated.

Decorations
 1906 –  Order of the Rising Sun, 6th class
 1906 –  Order of the Golden Kite, 5th class
 1913 –  Order of the Sacred Treasure, 5th class
 1915 –  Order of the Rising Sun, 4th class
 1922 –  Order of the Sacred Treasure, 3rd class
 1933 –  Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd class
 1936 –  Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure
 1939 –  Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun
 1940 –  Order of the Golden Kite, 2nd class

References

  Kase, Toshikazu (1950).  Journey to the Missouri.

Notes

External links
USS Missouri

|-

1882 births
1949 deaths
People from Nakatsu, Ōita
Military personnel from Ōita Prefecture
Imperial Japanese Army generals of World War II
Japanese military attachés
Japanese colonial governors and administrators
Members of the Kwantung Army
People of the Kwantung Leased Territory
Japanese people convicted of war crimes
Japanese people convicted of the international crime of aggression
People convicted by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East
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Deaths from colorectal cancer
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Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of the Golden Kite, 2nd class

Yoshijirō Umezu


Le colonel Sackville Tufton ( - ) est un militaire et homme politique britannique.

Biographie
Il est le fils de John Tufton (2e comte de Thanet) et de sa seconde épouse Margaret Sackville. Il épouse Elizabeth, fille de Ralph Wilbraham de Newbottle, Northumberland. Ils ont douze enfants :

 John Tufton (25 mai 1687 – 23 février 1689)
 Sackville Tufton (7e comte de Thanet) (1688-1753)
 John Tufton (décédé le 12 septembre 1727)
 Wilbraham Tufton (décédé le 20 octobre 1754)
 Thomas Tufton (décédé le 9 décembre 1733)
 Richard Tufton
 Catharine Tufton (décédée le 27 juin 1731)
 Elizabeth Tufton (décédée le 19 juin 1746)
 Margaret Tufton (décédée le 24 juillet 1758)
 Christian Tufton (décédé le 10 octobre 1746)
 Mary Tufton (décédée le 19 avril 1785)
 Elizabeth Tufton (morte en bas âge)

Tufton est officier dans le 1st Foot Guards. En 1673, il est blessé à la bataille de Schooneveld contre la flotte hollandaise. Sa main droite est brisée avec des muscles et des tendons lacérés et des os brisés. La récupération est lente et douloureuse et il nécessite plusieurs opérations chirurgicales pour retirer des fragments d'os, réalisées sans anesthésie. Il récupère à Bath au printemps suivant où il est traité par le Dr Robert Peirce. Il retourne à Bath pendant plusieurs années pour un traitement supplémentaire sous la direction de Peirce et retrouve l'usage de sa main .

En 1687, il est nommé colonel d'un régiment d'infanterie, qui devient plus tard l'East Yorkshire Regiment . Il est démis de ses fonctions de colonel fin 1688 pour avoir refusé de jurer fidélité à Guillaume III après la Glorieuse Révolution.

Références

Liens externes

Décès en mars 1721
Naissance en juin 1647
Personnalité militaire des guerres anglo-néerlandaises
Décès à 73 ans

Sackville Tufton


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Geneva County, Alabama
Gentry County, Missouri
George County, Mississippi
Georgetown County, South Carolina
Gibson County:  Indiana; Tennessee
Gila County, Arizona
Gilchrist County, Florida
Giles County:  Tennessee; Virginia
Gillespie County, Texas
Gilliam County, Oregon
Gilmer County:  Georgia; West Virginia
Gilpin County, Colorado
Glacier County, Montana
Glades County, Florida
Gladwin County, Michigan
Glascock County, Georgia
Glasscock County, Texas
Glenn County, California
Gloucester County:  New Jersey; Virginia
Glynn County, Georgia
Gogebic County, Michigan
Golden Valley County:  Montana; North Dakota
Goliad County, Texas
Gonzales County, Texas
Goochland County, Virginia
Goodhue County, Minnesota
Gooding County, Idaho
Gordon County, Georgia
Goshen County, Wyoming
Gosper County, Nebraska
Gove County, Kansas
Grady County:  Georgia; Oklahoma
Grafton County, New Hampshire
Graham County:  Arizona; Kansas; North Carolina
Grainger County, Tennessee
Grand County:  Colorado; Utah
Grand Forks County, North Dakota
Grand Isle County, Vermont
Grand Traverse County, Michigan
Granite County, Montana
Grant County:  Arkansas; Indiana; Kansas; Kentucky; Minnesota; Nebraska; New Mexico; North Dakota; Oklahoma; Oregon; South Dakota; Washington; West Virginia; Wisconsin
Grant Parish, Louisiana
Granville County, North Carolina
Gratiot County, Michigan
Graves County, Kentucky
Gray County:  Kansas; Texas
Grays Harbor County, Washington
Grayson County:  Kentucky; Texas; Virginia
Greeley County:  Kansas; Nebraska
Green County:  Kentucky; Wisconsin
Green Lake County, Wisconsin
Greenbrier County, West Virginia
Greene County:  Alabama; Arkansas; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Mississippi; Missouri; New York; North Carolina; Ohio; Pennsylvania; Tennessee; Virginia
Greenlee County, Arizona
Greensville County, Virginia
Greenup County, Kentucky
Greenville County, South Carolina
Greenwood County:  Kansas; South Carolina
Greer County, Oklahoma
Gregg County, Texas
Gregory County, South Dakota
Grenada County, Mississippi
Griggs County, North Dakota
Grimes County, Texas
Grundy County:  Illinois; Iowa; Missouri; Tennessee
Guadalupe County:  New Mexico; Texas
Guam
Guánica Municipality, Puerto Rico
Guayama Municipality, Puerto Rico
Guayanilla Municipality, Puerto Rico
Guaynabo Municipality, Puerto Rico
Guernsey County, Ohio
Guilford County, North Carolina
Gulf County, Florida
Gunnison County, Colorado
Gurabo Municipality, Puerto Rico
Guthrie County, Iowa
Gwinnett County, Georgia

H

Haakon County, South Dakota
Habersham County, Georgia
Haines Borough, Alaska
Hale County:  Alabama; Texas
Halifax County:  North Carolina; Virginia
Hall County:  Georgia; Nebraska; Texas
Hamblen County, Tennessee
Hamilton County:  Florida; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Nebraska; New York; Ohio; Tennessee; Texas
Hamlin County, South Dakota
Hampden County, Massachusetts
Hampshire County:  Massachusetts; West Virginia
Hampton County, South Carolina
Hancock County:  Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kentucky; Maine; Mississippi; Ohio; Tennessee; West Virginia
Hand County, South Dakota
Hanover County, Virginia
Hansford County, Texas
Hanson County, South Dakota
Haralson County, Georgia
Hardee County, Florida
Hardeman County:  Tennessee; Texas
Hardin County:  Illinois; Iowa; Kentucky; Ohio; Tennessee; Texas
Harding County:  New Mexico; South Dakota
Hardy County, West Virginia
Harford County, Maryland
Harlan County:  Kentucky; Nebraska
Harmon County, Oklahoma
Harnett County, North Carolina
Harney County, Oregon
Harper County:  Kansas; Oklahoma
Harris County:  Georgia; Texas
Harrison County:  Indiana; Iowa; Kentucky; Mississippi; Missouri; Ohio; Texas; West Virginia
Hart County:  Georgia; Kentucky
Hartford County, Connecticut
Hartley County, Texas
Harvey County, Kansas
Haskell County:  Kansas; Oklahoma; Texas
Hatillo Municipality, Puerto Rico
Hawaiʻi County, Hawaii
Hawkins County, Tennessee
Hayes County, Nebraska
Hays County, Texas
Haywood County:  North Carolina; Tennessee
Heard County, Georgia
Hemphill County, Texas
Hempstead County, Arkansas
Henderson County:  Illinois; Kentucky; North Carolina; Tennessee; Texas
Hendricks County, Indiana
Hendry County, Florida
Hennepin County, Minnesota
Henrico County, Virginia
Henry County:  Alabama; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kentucky; Missouri; Ohio; Tennessee; Virginia
Herkimer County, New York
Hernando County, Florida
Hertford County, North Carolina
Hettinger County, North Dakota
Hickman County:  Kentucky; Tennessee
Hickory County, Missouri
Hidalgo County:  New Mexico; Texas
Highland County:  Ohio; Virginia
Highlands County, Florida
Hill County:  Montana; Texas
Hillsborough County:  Florida; New Hampshire
Hillsdale County, Michigan
Hinds County, Mississippi
Hinsdale County, Colorado
Hitchcock County, Nebraska
Hocking County, Ohio
Hockley County, Texas
Hodgeman County, Kansas
Hoke County, North Carolina
Holmes County:  Florida; Mississippi; Ohio
Holt County:  Missouri; Nebraska
Honolulu County, Hawaii
Hood County, Texas
Hood River County, Oregon
Hooker County, Nebraska
Hopkins County:  Kentucky; Texas
Hormigueros Municipality, Puerto Rico
Horry County, South Carolina
Hot Spring County, Arkansas
Hot Springs County, Wyoming
Houghton County, Michigan
Houston County:  Alabama; Georgia; Minnesota; Tennessee; Texas
Howard County:  Arkansas; Indiana; Iowa; Maryland; Missouri; Nebraska; Texas
Howell County, Missouri
Howland Island, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
Hubbard County, Minnesota
Hudson County, New Jersey
Hudspeth County, Texas
Huerfano County, Colorado
Hughes County:  Oklahoma; South Dakota
Humacao Municipality, Puerto Rico
Humboldt County:  California; Iowa; Nevada
Humphreys County:  Mississippi; Tennessee
Hunt County, Texas
Hunterdon County, New Jersey
Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
Huntington County, Indiana
Huron County:  Michigan; Ohio
Hutchinson County:  South Dakota; Texas
Hyde County:  North Carolina; South Dakota

I

Iberia Parish, Louisiana
Iberville Parish, Louisiana
Ida County, Iowa
Idaho County, Idaho
Imperial County, California
Independence County, Arkansas
Indian River County, Florida
Indiana County, Pennsylvania
Ingham County, Michigan
Inyo County, California
Ionia County, Michigan
Iosco County, Michigan
Iowa County:  Iowa; Wisconsin
Iredell County, North Carolina
Irion County, Texas
Iron County:  Michigan; Missouri; Utah; Wisconsin
Iroquois County, Illinois
Irwin County, Georgia
Isabela Municipality, Puerto Rico
Isabella County, Michigan
Isanti County, Minnesota
Island County, Washington
Isle of Wight County, Virginia
Issaquena County, Mississippi
Itasca County, Minnesota
Itawamba County, Mississippi
Izard County, Arkansas

J

Jack County, Texas
Jackson County:  Alabama; Arkansas; Colorado; Florida; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; North Carolina; Ohio; Oklahoma; Oregon; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; West Virginia; Wisconsin
Jackson Parish, Louisiana
James City County, Virginia
Jarvis Island, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
Jasper County:  Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Mississippi; Missouri; South Carolina; Texas
Jay County, Indiana
Jayuya Municipality, Puerto Rico
Jeff Davis County:  Georgia; Texas
Jefferson County:  Alabama; Arkansas; Colorado; Florida; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Mississippi; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; New York; Ohio; Oklahoma; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Tennessee; Texas; Washington; West Virginia; Wisconsin
Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
Jefferson Davis County, Mississippi
Jefferson Davis Parish, Louisiana
Jenkins County, Georgia
Jennings County, Indiana
Jerauld County, South Dakota
Jerome County, Idaho
Jersey County, Illinois
Jessamine County, Kentucky
Jewell County, Kansas
Jim Hogg County, Texas
Jim Wells County, Texas
Jo Daviess County, Illinois
Johnson County:  Arkansas; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Missouri; Nebraska; Tennessee; Texas; Wyoming
Johnston Atoll, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
Johnston County:  North Carolina; Oklahoma
Jones County:  Georgia; Iowa; Mississippi; North Carolina; South Dakota; Texas
Josephine County, Oregon
Juab County, Utah
Juana Díaz Municipality, Puerto Rico
Judith Basin County, Montana
Juncos Municipality, Puerto Rico
Juneau County, Wisconsin
Juneau City and Borough, Alaska
Juniata County, Pennsylvania

K

Kalamazoo County, Michigan
Kalawao County, Hawaii
Kalkaska County, Michigan
Kanabec County, Minnesota
Kanawha County, West Virginia
Kandiyohi County, Minnesota
Kane County:  Illinois; Utah
Kankakee County, Illinois
Karnes County, Texas
Kauai County, Hawaii
Kaufman County, Texas
Kay County, Oklahoma
Kearney County, Nebraska
Kearny County, Kansas
Keith County, Nebraska
Kemper County, Mississippi
Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska
Kendall County:  Illinois; Texas
Kenedy County, Texas
Kennebec County, Maine
Kenosha County, Wisconsin
Kent County:  Delaware; Maryland; Michigan; Rhode Island; Texas
Kenton County, Kentucky
Keokuk County, Iowa
Kern County, California
Kerr County, Texas
Kershaw County, South Carolina
Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Alaska
Kewaunee County, Wisconsin
Keweenaw County, Michigan
Keya Paha County, Nebraska
Kidder County, North Dakota
Kimball County, Nebraska
Kimble County, Texas
King County:  Texas; Washington
King George County, Virginia
King William County, Virginia
King and Queen County, Virginia
Kingfisher County, Oklahoma
Kingman County, Kansas
Kingman Reef, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
Kings County: California; New York
Kingsbury County, South Dakota
Kinney County, Texas
Kiowa County:  Colorado; Kansas; Oklahoma
Kit Carson County, Colorado
Kitsap County, Washington
Kittitas County, Washington
Kittson County, Minnesota
Klamath County, Oregon
Kleberg County, Texas
Klickitat County, Washington
Knott County, Kentucky
Knox County:  Illinois; Indiana; Kentucky; Maine; Missouri; Nebraska; Ohio; Tennessee; Texas
Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska
Koochiching County, Minnesota
Kootenai County, Idaho
Kosciusko County, Indiana
Kossuth County, Iowa
Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska

L

La Crosse County, Wisconsin
LaMoure County, North Dakota
La Paz County, Arizona
La Plata County, Colorado
LaPorte County, Indiana
LaSalle County, Illinois
La Salle County, Texas
La Salle Parish, Louisiana
Labette County, Kansas
Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota
Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
Laclede County, Missouri
Lafayette County:  Arkansas; Florida; Mississippi; Missouri; Wisconsin
Lafayette Parish, Louisiana
Lafourche Parish, Louisiana
LaGrange County, Indiana
Lajas Municipality, Puerto Rico
Lake County:  California; Colorado; Florida; Illinois; Indiana; Michigan; Minnesota; Montana; Ohio; Oregon; South Dakota; Tennessee
Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska
Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota
Lamar County:  Alabama; Georgia; Mississippi; Texas
Lamb County, Texas
Lamoille County, Vermont
Lampasas County, Texas
Lancaster County:  Nebraska; Pennsylvania; South Carolina; Virginia
Lander County, Nevada
Lane County:  Kansas; Oregon
Langlade County, Wisconsin
Lanier County, Georgia
Lapeer County, Michigan
Laramie County, Wyoming
Lares Municipality, Puerto Rico
Larimer County, Colorado
LaRue County, Kentucky
Las Animas County, Colorado
Las Marías Municipality, Puerto Rico
Las Piedras Municipality, Puerto Rico
Lassen County, California
Latah County, Idaho
Latimer County, Oklahoma
Lauderdale County:  Alabama; Mississippi; Tennessee
Laurel County, Kentucky
Laurens County:  Georgia; South Carolina
Lavaca County, Texas
Lawrence County:  Alabama; Arkansas; Illinois; Indiana; Kentucky; Mississippi; Missouri; Ohio; Pennsylvania; South Dakota; Tennessee
Le Flore County, Oklahoma
Le Sueur County, Minnesota
Lea County, New Mexico
Leake County, Mississippi
Leavenworth County, Kansas
Lebanon County, Pennsylvania
Lee County:  Alabama; Arkansas; Florida; Georgia; Illinois; Iowa; Kentucky; Mississippi; North Carolina; South Carolina; Texas; Virginia
Leelanau County, Michigan
Leflore County, Mississippi
Lehigh County, Pennsylvania
Lemhi County, Idaho
Lenawee County, Michigan
Lenoir County, North Carolina
Leon County:  Florida; Texas
Leslie County, Kentucky
Letcher County, Kentucky
Levy County, Florida
Lewis County:  Idaho; Kentucky; Missouri; New York; Tennessee; Washington; West Virginia
Lewis and Clark County, Montana
Lexington County, South Carolina
Liberty County:  Florida; Georgia; Montana; Texas
Licking County, Ohio
Limestone County:  Alabama; Texas
Lincoln County:  Arkansas; Colorado; Georgia; Idaho; Kansas; Kentucky; Maine; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; Nevada; New Mexico; North Carolina; Oklahoma; Oregon; South Dakota; Tennessee; Washington; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming
Lincoln Parish, Louisiana
Linn County:  Iowa; Kansas; Missouri; Oregon
Lipscomb County, Texas
Litchfield County, Connecticut
Little River County, Arkansas
Live Oak County, Texas
Livingston County:  Illinois; Kentucky; Michigan; Missouri; New York
Livingston Parish, Louisiana
Llano County, Texas
Logan County:  Arkansas; Colorado; Illinois; Kansas; Kentucky; Nebraska; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; West Virginia
Loíza Municipality, Puerto Rico
Long County, Georgia
Lonoke County, Arkansas
Lorain County, Ohio
Los Alamos County, New Mexico
Los Angeles County, California
Loudon County, Tennessee
Loudoun County, Virginia
Louisa County:  Iowa; Virginia
Loup County, Nebraska
Love County, Oklahoma
Loving County, Texas
Lowndes County:  Alabama; Georgia; Mississippi
Lubbock County, Texas
Lucas County:  Iowa; Ohio
Luce County, Michigan
Lumpkin County, Georgia
Luna County, New Mexico
Lunenburg County, Virginia
Luquillo Municipality, Puerto Rico
Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Lyman County, South Dakota
Lynn County, Texas
Lyon County:  Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Minnesota; Nevada

M

Mackinac County, Michigan
Macomb County, Michigan
Macon County:  Alabama; Georgia; Illinois; Missouri; North Carolina; Tennessee
Macoupin County, Illinois
Madera County, California
Madison County:  Alabama; Arkansas; Florida; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kentucky; Mississippi; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; New York; North Carolina; Ohio; Tennessee; Texas; Virginia
Madison Parish, Louisiana
Magoffin County, Kentucky
Mahaska County, Iowa
Mahnomen County, Minnesota
Mahoning County, Ohio
Major County, Oklahoma
Malheur County, Oregon
Manatee County, Florida
Manatí Municipality, Puerto Rico
Manistee County, Michigan
Manitowoc County, Wisconsin
Manu'a District, American Samoa
Marathon County, Wisconsin
Marengo County, Alabama
Maricao Municipality, Puerto Rico
Maricopa County, Arizona
Maries County, Missouri
Marin County, California
Marinette County, Wisconsin
Marion County:  Alabama; Arkansas; Florida; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Mississippi; Missouri; Ohio; Oregon; South Carolina; Tennessee; Texas; West Virginia
Mariposa County, California
Marlboro County, South Carolina
Marquette County:  Michigan; Wisconsin
Marshall County:  Alabama; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Minnesota; Mississippi; Oklahoma; South Dakota; Tennessee; West Virginia
Martin County:  Florida; Indiana; Kentucky; Minnesota; North Carolina; Texas
Mason County:  Illinois; Kentucky; Michigan; Texas; Washington; West Virginia
Massac County, Illinois
Matagorda County, Texas
Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska
Mathews County, Virginia
Maui County, Hawaii
Maunabo Municipality, Puerto Rico
Maury County, Tennessee
Maverick County, Texas
Mayagüez Municipality, Puerto Rico
Mayes County, Oklahoma
McClain County, Oklahoma
McCone County, Montana
McCook County, South Dakota
McCormick County, South Carolina
McCracken County, Kentucky
McCreary County, Kentucky
McCulloch County, Texas
McCurtain County, Oklahoma
McDonald County, Missouri
McDonough County, Illinois
McDowell County:  North Carolina; West Virginia
McDuffie County, Georgia
McHenry County:  Illinois; North Dakota
McIntosh County:  Georgia; North Dakota; Oklahoma
McKean County, Pennsylvania
McKenzie County, North Dakota
McKinley County, New Mexico
McLean County:  Illinois; Kentucky; North Dakota
McLennan County, Texas
McLeod County, Minnesota
McMinn County, Tennessee
McMullen County, Texas
McNairy County, Tennessee
McPherson County:  Kansas; Nebraska; South Dakota
Meade County:  Kansas; Kentucky; South Dakota
Meagher County, Montana
Mecklenburg County:  North Carolina; Virginia
Mecosta County, Michigan
Medina County:  Ohio; Texas
Meeker County, Minnesota
Meigs County:  Ohio; Tennessee
Mellette County, South Dakota
Menard County:  Illinois; Texas
Mendocino County, California
Menifee County, Kentucky
Menominee County:  Michigan; Wisconsin
Merced County, California
Mercer County:  Illinois; Kentucky; Missouri; New Jersey; North Dakota; Ohio; Pennsylvania; West Virginia
Meriwether County, Georgia
Merrick County, Nebraska
Merrimack County, New Hampshire
Mesa County, Colorado
Metcalfe County, Kentucky
Miami County:  Indiana; Kansas; Ohio
Miami-Dade County, Florida
Middlesex County:  Connecticut; Massachusetts; New Jersey; Virginia
Midland County:  Michigan; Texas
Midway Atoll, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
Mifflin County, Pennsylvania
Milam County, Texas
Millard County, Utah
Mille Lacs County, Minnesota
Miller County:  Arkansas; Georgia; Missouri
Mills County:  Iowa; Texas
Milwaukee County, Wisconsin
Miner County, South Dakota
Mineral County:  Colorado; Montana; Nevada; West Virginia
Mingo County, West Virginia
Minidoka County, Idaho
Minnehaha County, South Dakota
Missaukee County, Michigan
Mississippi County:  Arkansas; Missouri
Missoula County, Montana
Mitchell County:  Georgia; Iowa; Kansas; North Carolina; Texas
Mobile County, Alabama
Moca Municipality, Puerto Rico
Modoc County, California
Moffat County, Colorado
Mohave County, Arizona
Moniteau County, Missouri
Monmouth County, New Jersey
Mono County, California
Monona County, Iowa
Monongalia County, West Virginia
Monroe County:  Alabama; Arkansas; Florida; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kentucky; Michigan; Mississippi; Missouri; New York; Ohio; Pennsylvania; Tennessee; West Virginia; Wisconsin
Montague County, Texas
Montcalm County, Michigan
Monterey County, California
Montezuma County, Colorado
Montgomery County:  Alabama; Arkansas; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Maryland; Mississippi; Missouri; New York; North Carolina; Ohio; Pennsylvania; Tennessee; Texas; Virginia
Montmorency County, Michigan
Montour County, Pennsylvania
Montrose County, Colorado
Moody County, South Dakota
Moore County:  North Carolina; Tennessee; Texas
Mora County, New Mexico
Morehouse Parish, Louisiana
Morgan County:  Alabama; Colorado; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Kentucky; Missouri; Ohio; Tennessee; Utah; West Virginia
Morovis Municipality, Puerto Rico
Morrill County, Nebraska
Morris County:  Kansas; New Jersey; Texas
Morrison County, Minnesota
Morrow County:  Ohio; Oregon
Morton County:  Kansas; North Dakota
Motley County, Texas
Moultrie County, Illinois
Mountrail County, North Dakota
Mower County, Minnesota
Muhlenberg County, Kentucky
Multnomah County, Oregon
Murray County:  Georgia; Minnesota; Oklahoma
Muscatine County, Iowa
Muscogee County, Georgia
Muskegon County, Michigan
Muskingum County, Ohio
Muskogee County, Oklahoma
Musselshell County, Montana

N

Nacogdoches County, Texas
Naguabo Municipality, Puerto Rico
Nance County, Nebraska
Town and County of Nantucket, Massachusetts
Napa County, California
Naranjito Municipality, Puerto Rico
Nash County, North Carolina
Nassau County:  Florida; New York
Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
Natrona County, Wyoming
Navajo County, Arizona
Navarro County, Texas
Navassa Island, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
Nelson County:  Kentucky; North Dakota; Virginia
Nemaha County:  Kansas; Nebraska
Neosho County, Kansas
Neshoba County, Mississippi
Ness County, Kansas
Nevada County:  Arkansas; California
New Castle County, Delaware
New Hanover County, North Carolina
New Haven County, Connecticut
New Kent County, Virginia
New London County, Connecticut
New Madrid County, Missouri
New York County, New York
Newaygo County, Michigan
Newberry County, South Carolina
Newport County, Rhode Island
Newton County:  Arkansas; Georgia; Indiana; Mississippi; Missouri; Texas
Nez Perce County, Idaho
Niagara County, New York
Nicholas County:  Kentucky; West Virginia
Nicollet County, Minnesota
Niobrara County, Wyoming
Noble County:  Indiana; Ohio; Oklahoma
Nobles County, Minnesota
Nodaway County, Missouri
Nolan County, Texas
Nome Census Area, Alaska
Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Norman County, Minnesota
North Slope Borough, Alaska
Northampton County:  North Carolina; Pennsylvania; Virginia
Northern Islands Municipality, Northern Mariana Islands
Northumberland County:  Pennsylvania; Virginia
Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska
Norton County, Kansas
Nottoway County, Virginia
Nowata County, Oklahoma
Noxubee County, Mississippi
Nuckolls County, Nebraska
Nueces County, Texas
Nye County, Nevada

O

O'Brien County, Iowa
Oakland County, Michigan
Obion County, Tennessee
Ocean County, New Jersey
Oceana County, Michigan
Ochiltree County, Texas
Oconee County:  Georgia; South Carolina
Oconto County, Wisconsin
Ogemaw County, Michigan
Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota
Ogle County, Illinois
Oglethorpe County, Georgia
Ohio County:  Indiana; Kentucky; West Virginia
Okaloosa County, Florida
Okanogan County, Washington
Okeechobee County, Florida
Okfuskee County, Oklahoma
Oklahoma County, Oklahoma
Okmulgee County, Oklahoma
Oktibbeha County, Mississippi
Oldham County:  Kentucky; Texas
Oliver County, North Dakota
Olmsted County, Minnesota
Oneida County:  Idaho; New York; Wisconsin
Onondaga County, New York
Onslow County, North Carolina
Ontario County, New York
Ontonagon County, Michigan
Orange County:  California; Florida; Indiana; New York; North Carolina; Texas; Vermont; Virginia
Orangeburg County, South Carolina
Oregon County, Missouri
Orleans County:  New York; Vermont
Orleans Parish, Louisiana
Orocovis Municipality, Puerto Rico
Osage County:  Kansas; Missouri; Oklahoma
Osborne County, Kansas
Osceola County:  Florida; Iowa; Michigan
Oscoda County, Michigan
Oswego County, New York
Otero County:  Colorado; New Mexico
Otoe County, Nebraska
Otsego County:  Michigan; New York
Ottawa County:  Kansas; Michigan; Ohio; Oklahoma
Otter Tail County, Minnesota
Ouachita County, Arkansas
Ouachita Parish, Louisiana
Ouray County, Colorado
Outagamie County, Wisconsin
Overton County, Tennessee
Owen County:  Indiana; Kentucky
Owsley County, Kentucky
Owyhee County, Idaho
Oxford County, Maine
Ozark County, Missouri
Ozaukee County, Wisconsin

P

Pacific County, Washington
Page County:  Iowa; Virginia
Palm Beach County, Florida
Palmyra Atoll, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
Palo Alto County, Iowa
Palo Pinto County, Texas
Pamlico County, North Carolina
Panola County:  Mississippi; Texas
Park County:  Colorado; Montana; Wyoming
Parke County, Indiana
Parker County, Texas
Parmer County, Texas
Pasco County, Florida
Pasquotank County, North Carolina
Passaic County, New Jersey
Patillas Municipality, Puerto Rico
Patrick County, Virginia
Paulding County:  Georgia; Ohio
Pawnee County:  Kansas; Nebraska; Oklahoma
Payette County, Idaho
Payne County, Oklahoma
Peach County, Georgia
Pearl River County, Mississippi
Pecos County, Texas
Pembina County, North Dakota
Pemiscot County, Missouri
Pend Oreille County, Washington
Pender County, North Carolina
Pendleton County:  Kentucky; West Virginia
Pennington County:  Minnesota; South Dakota
Penobscot County, Maine
Peñuelas Municipality, Puerto Rico
Peoria County, Illinois
Pepin County, Wisconsin
Perkins County:  Nebraska; South Dakota
Perquimans County, North Carolina
Perry County:  Alabama; Arkansas; Illinois; Indiana; Kentucky; Mississippi; Missouri; Ohio; Pennsylvania; Tennessee
Pershing County, Nevada
Person County, North Carolina
Petersburg Borough, Alaska
Petroleum County, Montana
Pettis County, Missouri
Phelps County:  Missouri; Nebraska
Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania
Phillips County:  Arkansas; Colorado; Kansas; Montana
Piatt County, Illinois
Pickaway County, Ohio
Pickens County:  Alabama; Georgia; South Carolina
Pickett County, Tennessee
Pierce County:  Georgia; Nebraska; North Dakota; Washington; Wisconsin
Pike County:  Alabama; Arkansas; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Kentucky; Mississippi; Missouri; Ohio; Pennsylvania
Pima County, Arizona
Pinal County, Arizona
Pine County, Minnesota
Pinellas County, Florida
Pipestone County, Minnesota
Piscataquis County, Maine
Pitkin County, Colorado
Pitt County, North Carolina
Pittsburg County, Oklahoma
Pittsylvania County, Virginia
Piute County, Utah
Placer County, California
Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana
Platte County:  Missouri; Nebraska; Wyoming
Pleasants County, West Virginia
Plumas County, California
Plymouth County:  Iowa; Massachusetts
Pocahontas County:  Iowa; West Virginia
Poinsett County, Arkansas
Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana
Polk County:  Arkansas; Florida; Georgia; Iowa; Minnesota; Missouri; Nebraska; North Carolina; Oregon; Tennessee; Texas; Wisconsin
Ponce Municipality, Puerto Rico
Pondera County, Montana
Pontotoc County:  Mississippi; Oklahoma
Pope County:  Arkansas; Illinois; Minnesota
Portage County:  Ohio; Wisconsin
Porter County, Indiana
Posey County, Indiana
Pottawatomie County:  Kansas; Oklahoma
Pottawattamie County, Iowa
Potter County:  Pennsylvania; South Dakota; Texas
Powder River County, Montana
Powell County:  Kentucky; Montana
Power County, Idaho
Poweshiek County, Iowa
Powhatan County, Virginia
Prairie County:  Arkansas; Montana
Pratt County, Kansas
Preble County, Ohio
Prentiss County, Mississippi
Presidio County, Texas
Presque Isle County, Michigan
Preston County, West Virginia
Price County, Wisconsin
Prince Edward County, Virginia
Prince George County, Virginia
Prince George's County, Maryland
Prince William County, Virginia
Prince of Wales – Hyder Census Area, Alaska
Providence County, Rhode Island
Prowers County, Colorado
Pueblo County, Colorado
Pulaski County:  Arkansas; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Kentucky; Missouri; Virginia
Pushmataha County, Oklahoma
Putnam County:  Florida; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Missouri; New York; Ohio; Tennessee; West Virginia

Q
Quay County, New Mexico
Quebradillas Municipality, Puerto Rico
Queen Anne's County, Maryland
Queens County, New York
Quitman County:  Georgia; Mississippi

R

Rabun County, Georgia
Racine County, Wisconsin
Rains County, Texas
Raleigh County, West Virginia
Ralls County, Missouri
Ramsey County:  Minnesota; North Dakota
Randall County, Texas
Randolph County:  Alabama; Arkansas; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Missouri; North Carolina; West Virginia
Rankin County, Mississippi
Ransom County, North Dakota
Rapides Parish, Louisiana
Rappahannock County, Virginia
Ravalli County, Montana
Rawlins County, Kansas
Ray County, Missouri
Reagan County, Texas
Real County, Texas
Red Lake County, Minnesota
Red River County, Texas
Red River Parish, Louisiana
Red Willow County, Nebraska
Redwood County, Minnesota
Reeves County, Texas
Refugio County, Texas
Reno County, Kansas
Rensselaer County, New York
Renville County:  Minnesota; North Dakota
Republic County, Kansas
Reynolds County, Missouri
Rhea County, Tennessee
Rice County:  Kansas; Minnesota
Rich County, Utah
Richardson County, Nebraska
Richland County:  Illinois; Montana; North Dakota; Ohio; South Carolina; Wisconsin
Richland Parish, Louisiana
Richmond County:  Georgia; New York; North Carolina; Virginia
Riley County, Kansas
Rincón Municipality, Puerto Rico
Ringgold County, Iowa
Rio Arriba County, New Mexico
Rio Blanco County, Colorado
Rio Grande County, Colorado
Río Grande Municipality, Puerto Rico
Ripley County:  Indiana; Missouri
Ritchie County, West Virginia
Riverside County, California
Roane County:  Tennessee; West Virginia
Roanoke County, Virginia
Roberts County:  South Dakota; Texas
Robertson County:  Kentucky; Tennessee; Texas
Robeson County, North Carolina
Rock County:  Minnesota; Nebraska; Wisconsin
Rock Island County, Illinois
Rockbridge County, Virginia
Rockcastle County, Kentucky
Rockdale County, Georgia
Rockingham County:  New Hampshire; North Carolina; Virginia
Rockland County, New York
Rockwall County, Texas
Roger Mills County, Oklahoma
Rogers County, Oklahoma
Rolette County, North Dakota
Rooks County, Kansas
Roosevelt County:  Montana; New Mexico
Roscommon County, Michigan
Rose Atoll, American Samoa
Roseau County, Minnesota
Rosebud County, Montana
Ross County, Ohio
Rota Municipality, Northern Mariana Islands
Routt County, Colorado
Rowan County:  Kentucky; North Carolina
Runnels County, Texas
Rush County:  Indiana; Kansas
Rusk County:  Texas; Wisconsin
Russell County:  Alabama; Kansas; Kentucky; Virginia
Rutherford County:  North Carolina; Tennessee
Rutland County, Vermont

S

Sabana Grande Municipality, Puerto Rico
Sabine County, Texas
Sabine Parish, Louisiana
Sac County, Iowa
Sacramento County, California
Sagadahoc County, Maine
Saginaw County, Michigan
Saguache County, Colorado
Saint Bernard Parish, Louisiana
Saint Charles County, Missouri
Saint Charles Parish, Louisiana
Saint Clair County: Alabama; Illinois; Michigan; Missouri
Saint Croix County, Wisconsin
Saint Croix Island, U.S. Virgin Islands
Saint Francis County, Arkansas
Saint Francois County, Missouri
Saint Helena Parish, Louisiana
Saint James Parish, Louisiana
Saint John Island, U.S. Virgin Islands
Saint John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana
Saint Johns County, Florida
Saint Joseph County:  Indiana; Michigan
Saint Landry Parish, Louisiana
Saint Lawrence County, New York
Saint Louis County:  Minnesota; Missouri
Saint Lucie County, Florida
Saint Martin Parish, Louisiana
Saint Mary Parish, Louisiana
Saint Mary's County, Maryland
Saint Tammany Parish, Louisiana
Saint Thomas Island, U.S. Virgin Islands
Sainte Genevieve County, Missouri
Saipan Municipality, Northern Mariana Islands
Salem County, New Jersey
Salinas Municipality, Puerto Rico
Saline County:  Arkansas; Illinois; Kansas; Missouri; Nebraska
Salt Lake County, Utah
Saluda County, South Carolina
Sampson County, North Carolina
San Augustine County, Texas
San Benito County, California
San Bernardino County, California
San Diego County, California
City and County of San Francisco, California
San Germán Municipality, Puerto Rico
San Jacinto County, Texas
San Joaquin County, California
San Juan County:  Colorado; New Mexico; Utah; Washington
San Juan Municipality, Puerto Rico
San Lorenzo Municipality, Puerto Rico
San Luis Obispo County, California
San Mateo County, California
San Miguel County:  Colorado; New Mexico
San Patricio County, Texas
San Saba County, Texas
San Sebastián Municipality, Puerto Rico
Sanborn County, South Dakota
Sanders County, Montana
Sandoval County, New Mexico
Sandusky County, Ohio
Sangamon County, Illinois
Sanilac County, Michigan
Sanpete County, Utah
Santa Barbara County, California
Santa Clara County, California
Santa Cruz County:  Arizona; California
Santa Fe County, New Mexico
Santa Isabel Municipality, Puerto Rico
Santa Rosa County, Florida
Sarasota County, Florida
Saratoga County, New York
Sargent County, North Dakota
Sarpy County, Nebraska
Sauk County, Wisconsin
Saunders County, Nebraska
Sawyer County, Wisconsin
Schenectady County, New York
Schleicher County, Texas
Schley County, Georgia
Schoharie County, New York
Schoolcraft County, Michigan
Schuyler County:  Illinois; Missouri; New York
Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
Scioto County, Ohio
Scotland County:  Missouri; North Carolina
Scott County:  Arkansas; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Tennessee; Virginia
Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska
Screven County, Georgia
Scurry County, Texas
Searcy County, Arkansas
Sebastian County, Arkansas
Sedgwick County:  Colorado; Kansas
Seminole County:  Florida; Georgia; Oklahoma
Seneca County:  New York; Ohio
Sequatchie County, Tennessee
Sequoyah County, Oklahoma
Sevier County:  Arkansas; Tennessee; Utah
Seward County:  Kansas; Nebraska
Shackelford County, Texas
Shannon County, Missouri
Sharkey County, Mississippi
Sharp County, Arkansas
Shasta County, California
Shawano County, Wisconsin
Shawnee County, Kansas
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin
Shelby County:  Alabama; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kentucky; Missouri; Ohio; Tennessee; Texas
Shenandoah County, Virginia
Sherburne County, Minnesota
Sheridan County:  Kansas; Montana; Nebraska; North Dakota; Wyoming
Sherman County:  Kansas; Nebraska; Oregon; Texas
Shiawassee County, Michigan
Shoshone County, Idaho
Sibley County, Minnesota
Sierra County:  California; New Mexico
Silver Bow County, Montana
Simpson County:  Kentucky; Mississippi
Sioux County:  Iowa; Nebraska; North Dakota
Siskiyou County, California
Sitka, Alaska
Skagit County, Washington
Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska
Skamania County, Washington
Slope County, North Dakota
Smith County:  Kansas; Mississippi; Tennessee; Texas
Smyth County, Virginia
Snohomish County, Washington
Snyder County, Pennsylvania
Socorro County, New Mexico
Solano County, California
Somerset County:  Maine; Maryland; New Jersey; Pennsylvania
Somervell County, Texas
Sonoma County, California
Southampton County, Virginia
Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska
Spalding County, Georgia
Spartanburg County, South Carolina
Spencer County:  Indiana; Kentucky
Spink County, South Dakota
Spokane County, Washington
Spotsylvania County, Virginia
Stafford County:  Kansas; Virginia
Stanislaus County, California
Stanley County, South Dakota
Stanly County, North Carolina
Stanton County:  Kansas; Nebraska
Stark County:  Illinois; North Dakota; Ohio
Starke County, Indiana
Starr County, Texas
Stearns County, Minnesota
Steele County:  Minnesota; North Dakota
Stephens County:  Georgia; Oklahoma; Texas
Stephenson County, Illinois
Sterling County, Texas
Steuben County:  Indiana; New York
Stevens County:  Kansas; Minnesota; Washington
Stewart County:  Georgia; Tennessee
Stillwater County, Montana
Stoddard County, Missouri
Stokes County, North Carolina
Stone County:  Arkansas; Mississippi; Missouri
Stonewall County, Texas
Storey County, Nevada
Story County, Iowa
Strafford County, New Hampshire
Stutsman County, North Dakota
Sublette County, Wyoming
Suffolk County:  Massachusetts; New York
Sullivan County:  Indiana; Missouri; New Hampshire; New York; Pennsylvania; Tennessee
Sully County, South Dakota
Summers County, West Virginia
Summit County:  Colorado; Ohio; Utah
Sumner County:  Kansas; Tennessee
Sumter County:  Alabama; Florida; Georgia; South Carolina
Sunflower County, Mississippi
Surry County:  North Carolina; Virginia
Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania
Sussex County:  Delaware; New Jersey; Virginia
Sutter County, California
Sutton County, Texas
Suwannee County, Florida
Swain County, North Carolina
Swains Island, American Samoa
Sweet Grass County, Montana
Sweetwater County, Wyoming
Swift County, Minnesota
Swisher County, Texas
Switzerland County, Indiana

T

Talbot County:  Georgia; Maryland
Taliaferro County, Georgia
Talladega County, Alabama
Tallahatchie County, Mississippi
Tallapoosa County, Alabama
Tama County, Iowa
Taney County, Missouri
Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana
Taos County, New Mexico
Tarrant County, Texas
Tate County, Mississippi
Tattnall County, Georgia
Taylor County:  Florida; Georgia; Iowa; Kentucky; Texas; West Virginia; Wisconsin
Tazewell County:  Illinois; Virginia
Tehama County, California
Telfair County, Georgia
Teller County, Colorado
Tensas Parish, Louisiana
Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana
Terrell County:  Georgia; Texas
Terry County, Texas
Teton County:  Idaho; Montana; Wyoming
Texas County:  Missouri; Oklahoma
Thayer County, Nebraska
Thomas County:  Georgia; Kansas; Nebraska
Throckmorton County, Texas
Thurston County:  Nebraska; Washington
Tift County, Georgia
Tillamook County, Oregon
Tillman County, Oklahoma
Tinian Municipality, Northern Mariana Islands
Tioga County:  New York; Pennsylvania
Tippah County, Mississippi
Tippecanoe County, Indiana
Tipton County:  Indiana; Tennessee
Tishomingo County, Mississippi
Titus County, Texas
Toa Alta Municipality, Puerto Rico
Toa Baja Municipality, Puerto Rico
Todd County:  Kentucky; Minnesota; South Dakota
Tolland County, Connecticut
Tom Green County, Texas
Tompkins County, New York
Tooele County, Utah
Toole County, Montana
Toombs County, Georgia
Torrance County, New Mexico
Towner County, North Dakota
Towns County, Georgia
Traill County, North Dakota
Transylvania County, North Carolina
Traverse County, Minnesota
Travis County, Texas
Treasure County, Montana
Trego County, Kansas
Trempealeau County, Wisconsin
Treutlen County, Georgia
Trigg County, Kentucky
Trimble County, Kentucky
Trinity County:  California; Texas
Tripp County, South Dakota
Troup County, Georgia
Trousdale County, Tennessee
Trujillo Alto Municipality, Puerto Rico
Trumbull County, Ohio
Tucker County, West Virginia
Tulare County, California
Tulsa County, Oklahoma
Tunica County, Mississippi
Tuolumne County, California
Turner County:  Georgia; South Dakota
Tuscaloosa County, Alabama
Tuscarawas County, Ohio
Tuscola County, Michigan
Twiggs County, Georgia
Twin Falls County, Idaho
Tyler County:  Texas; West Virginia
Tyrrell County, North Carolina

U

Uinta County, Wyoming
Uintah County, Utah
Ulster County, New York
Umatilla County, Oregon
Unicoi County, Tennessee
Union County:  Arkansas; Florida; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kentucky; Mississippi; New Jersey; New Mexico; North Carolina; Ohio; Oregon; Pennsylvania; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee
Union Parish, Louisiana
Upshur County:  Texas; West Virginia
Upson County, Georgia
Upton County, Texas
Utah County, Utah
Utuado Municipality, Puerto Rico
Uvalde County, Texas

V

Val Verde County, Texas
Valencia County, New Mexico
Valley County:  Idaho; Montana; Nebraska
Van Buren County:  Arkansas; Iowa; Michigan; Tennessee
Van Wert County, Ohio
Van Zandt County, Texas
Vance County, North Carolina
Vanderburgh County, Indiana
Vega Alta Municipality, Puerto Rico
Vega Baja Municipality, Puerto Rico
Venango County, Pennsylvania
Ventura County, California
Vermilion County, Illinois
Vermilion Parish, Louisiana
Vermillion County, Indiana
Vernon County:  Missouri; Wisconsin
Vernon Parish, Louisiana
Victoria County, Texas
Vieques Municipality, Puerto Rico
Vigo County, Indiana
Vilas County, Wisconsin
Villalba Municipality, Puerto Rico
Vinton County, Ohio
Volusia County, Florida

W

Wabash County:  Illinois; Indiana
Wabasha County, Minnesota
Wabaunsee County, Kansas
Wadena County, Minnesota
Wagoner County, Oklahoma
Wahkiakum County, Washington
Wake County, North Carolina
Wake Island, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
Wakulla County, Florida
Waldo County, Maine
Walker County:  Alabama; Georgia; Texas
Walla Walla County, Washington
Wallace County, Kansas
Waller County, Texas
Wallowa County, Oregon
Walsh County, North Dakota
Walthall County, Mississippi
Walton County:  Florida; Georgia
Walworth County:  South Dakota; Wisconsin
Wapello County, Iowa
Ward County:  North Dakota; Texas
Ware County, Georgia
Warren County:  Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kentucky; Mississippi; Missouri; New Jersey; New York; North Carolina; Ohio; Pennsylvania; Tennessee; Virginia
Warrick County, Indiana
Wasatch County, Utah
Wasco County, Oregon
Waseca County, Minnesota
Washakie County, Wyoming
Washburn County, Wisconsin
Washington County:  Alabama; Arkansas; Colorado; Florida; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Maine; Maryland; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Nebraska; New York; North Carolina; Ohio; Oklahoma; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Vermont; Virginia; Wisconsin
Washington Parish, Louisiana
Washita County, Oklahoma
Washoe County, Nevada
Washtenaw County, Michigan
Watauga County, North Carolina
Watonwan County, Minnesota
Waukesha County, Wisconsin
Waupaca County, Wisconsin
Waushara County, Wisconsin
Wayne County:  Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kentucky; Michigan; Mississippi; Missouri; Nebraska; New York; North Carolina; Ohio; Pennsylvania; Tennessee; Utah; West Virginia
Weakley County, Tennessee
Webb County, Texas
Weber County, Utah
Webster County:  Georgia; Iowa; Kentucky; Mississippi; Missouri; Nebraska; West Virginia
Webster Parish, Louisiana
Weld County, Colorado
Wells County:  Indiana; North Dakota
West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana
West Carroll Parish, Louisiana
West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana
Westchester County, New York
Western District, American Samoa
Westmoreland County:  Pennsylvania; Virginia
Weston County, Wyoming
Wetzel County, West Virginia
Wexford County, Michigan
Wharton County, Texas
Whatcom County, Washington
Wheatland County, Montana
Wheeler County:  Georgia; Nebraska; Oregon; Texas
White County:  Arkansas; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Tennessee
White Pine County, Nevada
Whiteside County, Illinois
Whitfield County, Georgia
Whitley County:  Indiana; Kentucky
Whitman County, Washington
Wibaux County, Montana
Wichita County:  Kansas; Texas
Wicomico County, Maryland
Wilbarger County, Texas
Wilcox County:  Alabama; Georgia
Wilkes County:  Georgia; North Carolina
Wilkin County, Minnesota
Wilkinson County:  Georgia; Mississippi
Will County, Illinois
Willacy County, Texas
Williams County:  North Dakota; Ohio
Williamsburg County, South Carolina
Williamson County:  Illinois; Tennessee; Texas
Wilson County:  Kansas; North Carolina; Tennessee; Texas
Windham County:  Connecticut; Vermont
Windsor County, Vermont
Winkler County, Texas
Winn Parish, Louisiana
Winnebago County:  Illinois; Iowa; Wisconsin
Winneshiek County, Iowa
Winona County, Minnesota
Winston County:  Alabama; Mississippi
Wirt County, West Virginia
Wise County:  Texas; Virginia
Wolfe County, Kentucky
Wood County:  Ohio; Texas; West Virginia; Wisconsin
Woodbury County, Iowa
Woodford County:  Illinois; Kentucky
Woodruff County, Arkansas
Woods County, Oklahoma
Woodson County, Kansas
Woodward County, Oklahoma
Worcester County:  Maryland; Massachusetts
Worth County:  Georgia; Iowa; Missouri
Wright County:  Iowa; Minnesota; Missouri
Wyandot County, Ohio
Wyandotte County, Kansas
Wyoming County:  New York; Pennsylvania; West Virginia
Wythe County, Virginia

Y

Yabucoa Municipality, Puerto Rico
Yadkin County, North Carolina
Yakima County, Washington
Yakutat City and Borough, Alaska
Yalobusha County, Mississippi
Yamhill County, Oregon
Yancey County, North Carolina
Yankton County, South Dakota
Yates County, New York
Yauco Municipality, Puerto Rico
Yavapai County, Arizona
Yazoo County, Mississippi
Yell County, Arkansas
Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota
Yellowstone County, Montana
Yoakum County, Texas
Yolo County, California
York County:  Maine; Nebraska; Pennsylvania; South Carolina; Virginia
Young County, Texas
Yuba County, California
Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska
Yuma County:  Arizona; Colorado

Z
Zapata County, Texas
Zavala County, Texas
Ziebach County, South Dakota

References

Index of U.S. counties


Vazdazeleni šimšir (šimšir pitomi, zelenika, lat. Buxus sempervirens), biljna vrsta u rodu šimšira. Otrovni je zimzeleni grm ili manje stablo koje može narasti do 4 metra visine.

Svi dijelovi biljke su otrovni (buksin, parabuksin i buksidin), ali se njegovo izrazito tvrdo i teško drvo koristi za gradnju glazbenih instrumenata i namještaja.

Naziv vrste sempervirens znači zimzelen.

Otrovnost i ljekovitost
Šimširovina je otrovna u svim dijelovima; sadrži oko 70 alkaloida, uključujući ciklobuksin D. Listovi i kora imaju ukupni sadržaj alkaloida od oko tri posto.

Koristila se u davnim vremenima protiv kašlja, bolesti želuca i crijeva i protiv povratne groznice, poput malarije. Kao lijek protiv malarije kaže se da je šimširovina usporediva s kininom. Danas se šimširovina rijetko koristi kao ljekovita biljka zbog svoje toksičnosti, jer je doziranje problematično. Predoziranje dovodi do povraćanja i grčeva do smrti.

Galerija

Izvori

Dodatna literatura
Barceloux, D.G., Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi, Medicinal Herbs, Plants and Venomous Animals. John Wiley & Sons, 2008.

Šimširolike
Flora Albanije
Flora Alžira
Flora Austrije
Flora Belgije
Flora Korzike
Flora Francuske
Flora Njemačke
Flora Velike Britanije
Flora Grčke
Flora Irana
Flora Italije
Flora Libije
Flora Maroka
Flora Portugala
Flora Sardinije
Flora Španjolske
Flora Švicarske
Flora Zakavkazja
Flora Turske
Flora Hrvatske
Ljekovito bilje

Vazdazeleni šimšir


Le raïon d'Ivano-Frankivsk (en ) est un raïon (district) dans l'oblast d'Ivano-Frankivsk en Ukraine.
Avec le réforme administrative de 2020, le raïon a absorbé ceux de Bohorodchany, de Tysmenytsia, de Rohatyn, Halych et celui de Tloumatch.

Lieux d'intérêt
Le parc national de Synohora, le parc régional Dnistrovskyi,  classé ; le Skite de Maniava classé situé dans la réserve naturelle du Skyt-Maniavskyi.

Références

Ivano-Frankivsk
Division administrative fondée en 2020

Raïon d'Ivano-Frankivsk


Alexander Johnston Chalmers Skene (; 17 June 1837 – 4 July 1900) was a British-American gynaecologist from Scotland who described what became known as Skene's glands.

Biography

Skene was born in Fyvie, Scotland, United Kingdom, on 17 June 1837.  At the age of 19, he went to North America. He studied medicine at King's College (now the University of Toronto), then at the University of Michigan, and finally at the Long Island College Hospital (now the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center) in Brooklyn graduating in 1863. From July 1863 until June 1864, he was acting assistant surgeon in the U. S. Army, after which he entered private practice in Brooklyn and advanced to become Professor of Disease of Women at Long Island College Hospital. He was professor of gynaecology in the post-graduate Medical School of New York in 1884, and was president of the American Gynaecological Society.

Skene wrote over 100 medical articles and several textbooks. He contributed many surgical instruments and improved on surgical techniques. He performed the first successful operation of gastro-elytrotomy that is recorded, and also that of craniotomy, using Sims's speculum. Primarily, he is remembered for his description of the Skene's glands at the floor of the urethra. He also described their infection—skenitis. Skene collaborated with J. Marion Sims, who performed gynecologic exams and surgeries on enslaved African-American women without anesthesia, but Skene does not appear to be part of these experiments.

As a sculptor, Skene created a bust of Sims which is on display in the lobby of the Kings County Medical Society. A bust honoring Skene is located in Prospect Park Plaza (also known as Grand Army Plaza). This statue was proposed to be moved in 2011 to accommodate a statue of former U.S. president Abraham Lincoln, but this did not happen.

Skene died in his summerhouse in the Catskills, New York, on 4 July 1900. He left behind a son, Jonathan Bowers. He is buried at Rockland Cemetery in Sparkill, NY.

Works
 Uro-Cystic and Urethral Diseases in Women (New York, 1877)
 Treatise on Diseases of Women, for the Use of Students and Practitioners (1888)

See also
 Paraurethral glands
 Skene's gland

References

Chesley LC: The evolution of the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Downstate 1860–1980. 1981.

External links

 NY Park link

1837 births
1900 deaths
American gynecologists
University of Toronto alumni
University of Michigan Medical School alumni
SUNY Downstate Medical Center alumni
19th-century American inventors
19th-century American sculptors
American male sculptors
United States Army Medical Corps officers
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
19th-century American male artists

Alexander Skene


Beyin kanaması, beyni besleyen damarlardan bir veya birkaçından dışarı kan sızması sonucu, kanla beslenen bölgenin çalışamaz duruma gelmesidir. Bu durum aniden oluşabilmektedir ve genellikle yüksek tansiyon hastalarında görülebilmektedir. Beyin kanaması sonucu hastada felç, inme meydana gelebilmektedir.

Kanama çeşitleri

Beyin içinde olan kanamalar
Beyni besleyen damarların cidarının yırtılması sonucu, kanın beyin içine sızması ve beyin dokusunu tahrip etmesidir. Beyin damarları yaş ilerledikçe yıpranırlar ve elastik özelliklerini kaybederler. Bu nedenle özellikle tansiyon yüksekliği olan yaşlı insanlarda sıklıkla yırtılarak beyin kanamaları oluştururlar. Hastaların bir tarafları felç olur. Ayak ve el (tutulan tarafda) tamamen veya kısmen felç olur. Ayrıca konuşma merkezinin tutulduğu durumlarda hasta konuşamaz. Genç yaşlarda beyin damarlarının civarının zayıflaması sonucunda balonlaşması ve bu balonlaşan kısmın yırtılması neticesinde beyin kanaması oluşabilir. Damarlarda oluşan bu balonlara "anevrizma" adı verilir. Anevrizma rüptürü, yani anevrizma yırtılması her yaşta görülebilir. Önceden tespit edilmeleri mümkündür. Kasıktan girilerek yapılan beyin anjiyosu sayesinde beyin damalarında oluşmuş ve henüz patlamamış durumda olan Anevrizmalar tespit edilebilir. Tıpkı kalp anjiyosunda olduğu gibi beyin anjiyosunda da bazı riskler söz konusudur. Anjiyo esnasında beyin damarlarında bulunan Anevrizmaların patlama riski bulunmaktadır.

Patlamadan tespit edilmiş Anevrizmaların tedavisi mümkündür. Tedavide Endovascular coiling (baloncuk içinine yerleştirilen platin sarmal)dediğimiz yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Hastanın kasığından sokularak damar boyunca ilerleyen plastik bir tüp, Anevrizmaya kadar iletilir. Baloncuğun merkezine ulaşıldığında platin kıl, tüp içerisinden baloncuğun içinde bükülüp sarmal bir top oluşuncaya kadar söz konusu sarmal büyütülür. Top şeklini alan platin sarmal baloncuğu tamamen kaplayınca electrolytic ayırma dediğimiz bir süreçle tüpün içinde bulunan kıl (micron ebatlarındaki tel) ile bağı kopartılır. Buradaki temel amaç baloncuğun içini doldurarak, damar içinde akan kanın baloncukla olan irtibatını kesip bypass etmesini sağlamaktır. Sarmalın platin tel ile yapılmasının sebebi, operasyon sırasında kullanılan ve bu tip operasyonları mümkün kılan eş zamanlı x-ray cihazı tarafından sarmalın izlenebilmesi sağlamaktır. Söz konusu teknolojiye verilen isim ise Detachable Platinum Coil Technology'dir. Hastaların ölüm veya hasar riski bir senelik döneme bakıldığında %22,6'nin altındadır ki bu risk açık beyin ameliyatı ile baloncuğa metal klips takılmış hastalarınkinden daha azdır. Söz konusu tedavi dünya çapında 125.000 den fazla hasta üzerinde büyük bir başarı oranı ile uygulanmıştır. İyileşme dönemi açık ameliyat geçirmiş hastalarda 1 seneyi bulmasına rağmen, bu yöntemle tedavi görmüş kişilerde bu sürenin 27-30 gün gibi kısa sürdüğü gözlenmiştir.

Beyin dışına olan kanamalar
Genelde travmalar sonucunda oluşurlar. Beynin üzerinde duramater denen bir zar vardır. Bu zarın üstünde bulunan damarlar travma neticesinde kırılan veya çatlayan kafatası kemiklerinin zedelemesi ile kanama yapabilirler. Oluşan kanama beyin zarı duramater ile kafatası kemikleri arasında birikir ve beyinin sıkışmasına neden olur. Ameliyat edilmezse beyin ölümü husule gelir ve hasta ölür. Bu kanamalara epidural hematom adı verilir. Şiddetli travmalarda beynin üzerindeki damarlarda zedelenebilir. Bu damarlardan sızan kan duramater (Beyin zarı) altında birikerek yine beyinin sıkışmasına neden olur. Bu kanamalara subdural hematom adı verilir. Ayrıca beynin üzerini örten çok ince bir zar olan araknoid zarın altına doğru da kanama olabilir. Bu tür kanamalara da subaraknoid kanama adı verildir.

Kafa travmalarından sonra özellikle hastalar 24 saat müşahede altında tutulurlar. Bunun sebebi; beyin içinde başlayan bir kanama ilk başlarda belirti vermeyebilir. Ancak ilerleyen saatlerde kanamanın artması ve beyine baskı yapması sonucunda hasta komaya girebilir. Bu nedenle kafa darbelerinden sonra 24 saat hastanede gözlem altında tutulurlar. Hasta kazadan sonra ilerleyen saatlerde kusmaya başlarsa ve dalgınlaşırsa vakit geçirmeden hastaneye yetiştirilir.

Etkileri
İnsan beyninde dil işlevleri için özel alanlar mevcuttur. Bu alanlar; sağ elini kullanan kişilerin hemen tamamında sol beyin yarısında, sol elini kullananlarda ise en az %75 oranında yine soldadır. Konuşma merkezi sol beynin ön lobunda, anlama merkezi yan lobunda bulunur. Yazma ve okumayla ilgili merkez ise yan-üst lobdadır. Genelde beyin kanamasında, beynin sol tarafında meydana gelen bir hasar sonucu; kişi konuşma, konuşulanı anlama, okuma veya yazma gibi lisan kabiliyetlerini kaybeder.

İlk yardımda beyin kanaması teşhisi
Kişinin beyin kanamasını ihtimalini teşhisi ederken;

 Gülümsemesi, tebessüm etmesi istenir (Eğer yapamazsa felç olmuş olabilir)
 Bir cümle kurması istenir (Örnek: "Bugün çok güzel bir gün" gibi)
 Her iki kolunu birden kaldırması gerekir,
 Dilini dışarı çıkartması istenir. (Eğer dil yamulmuş ise felç geçirdiğine işarettir.)

Dış bağlantılar
 Beyin cerrahisi
 Hasta rehberi
 McCaffrey P. 2001.  "The Neuroscience on the Web Series: CMSD 336 Neuropathologies of Language and Cognition." California State University, Chico.
 Orlando Regional Healthcare, Education and Development. 2004. "Yetişkin beyin yaralanması."
 Shepherd S. 2004. "Kafa travması" Emedicine.com.
 Vinas FC and Pilitsis J. 2004. "Penetre kafa travması." Emedicine.com.

Nörotravma
Kanama

Beyin kanaması


Brockhampton je američki rap sastav osnovan 2015. u mjestu San Marcos u Texasu, a trenutno djeluje u Kalifoniji.

Godine 2016. objavljuju svoj prvi mixtape All-American Trash, a 9. lipnja 2017. objavljuju Saturation, svoj prvi studijski album, nakon čijeg su uspjeha iste godine objavili i Saturation II (25. kolovoza) i Saturation III (15. prosinca). Kasnije objavljuju Iridescence i Ginger.

Povijest sastava

2010. – 2014.: Okupljanje i AliveSinceForever
Iako svi od njih nisu bili osnivači skupine, Kevin Abstract, Ameer Vann, Joba, Matt Champion i Merlyn Wood su se upoznali dok su pohađali srednju školu u mjestu The Woodlands, Texas. Abstract je 2010. napravio objavu na KanyeLive forumu u kojoj je tražio članove svojeg budućeg benda. Nakon što mu se javilo 30 korisnika osnovao je sastav AliveSinceForever koji je postao aktivan tek 2012. Godinu dana kasnije objavljuju svoj prvi EP album The Alive Since Forever EP. Članovi sastava bili su Abstract, Vann, Dom McLennon i Mic Kurc (kasnije poznat kao Rodney Tenor). Krajem 2014. AliveSinceForever postaje Brockhampton.

2014. – 2016.: Novo ime i All-American Trash
Nakon objave Abstractovog samostalnog albuma MTV1987, AliveSinceForever postaju Brockhampton i primaju nekoliko novih članova. Na dan 24. ožujka 2016. objavljuju svoj prvi mixtape All-American Trash.

2017.: Saturation trilogija
U svibnju 2017. objavljuju "Face", prvi singl s albuma Saturation. Do kraja mjeseca objavljuju i singlove "Heat", "Gold" i "Star".Saturation je objavljen 9. srpnja 2017.

Odmah nakon njegove objave, Abstract je potvrdio da rade na nastavku i najavio ga je za kolovoz. Dana 1. kolovoza objavili su singl "Gummy" i tjedan dana nakon toga "Swamp". Na dan 15. kolovoza su objavili singl "Junky" i na Twitteru najavili datum izlaska za Saturation II (25. kolovoza). Posljednji singl, "Sweet", objavljen je 22. kolovoza.

Sastav je 1. prosinca najavio Saturation III kao njihov posljednji studijski album, no kasnije su rekli da će nastaviti snimati novi materijal. Dana 12. prosinca objavljuju singl "Boogie", a 14. prosinca najavljuju svoj četvrti studijski album Team Effort i objavljuju singl "Stains". Saturation III je objavljen 15. prosinca uz pohvale kritičara.

2018. – 2019.: Vannov odlazak, Iridescence i Ginger
U ožujku 2018. najavili su da je Team Effort trajno odgođen i da će se zato radije fokusirati na album Puppy koji su planiraju objaviti sredinom 2018. Tjedan dana kasnije potpisuju ugovor s RCA Records. Puppy je odgođen zbog optužbi protiv Ameera Vanna radi seksualnog zlostavljanja, zbog čega je izbačen iz grupe 27. svibnja 2018. Dana 20. lipnja nastupaju na The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon gdje su prvi puta izveli pjesmu "Tonya" i najavili svoj novi album The Best Years of Our Lives. U srpnju su najavili vlastiti program Things We Lost in the Fire Radio na radio postaji Beats 1 putem kojeg će objavljivati novu glazbu tokom cijelog ljeta. Prva epizoda u kojoj su predstavili singl "1999 WIldfire" je emitirana 6. srpnja 2018. Kasnije su na isti način objavili singlove "1998 Truman" i "1997 Diana" i nedovršenu pjesmu "Don't Be Famous". Na dan 26. kolovoza najavljuju da će se njihov sljedeći album zvati Iridescence i da će izaći 21. rujna.

Nekoliko tjedana nakon objave solo albuma Arizona Baby u travnju 2019., Abstract je otkrio na svojem Instagram story-ju kako Brockhampton radi na novom albumu. Dana 1. srpnja objavljuju isječak novog materijala na Twitter, što su ponovili i 18. srpnja kada su otkrili naslov albuma, Ginger. Postepeno objavljuju singlove "I Been Born Again" (31. srpnja), "If You Pray Right" (7. kolovoza), "Boy Bye" (14. kolovoza) i "No Halo" (21. kolovoza). Album Ginger objavljen je 23. kolovoza 2019. nakon čega najavljuju sjeverno-američku turneju Heaven Belongs to You Tour.

Članovi"Brockhampton: 5 Things To Know About 'The Internet's First Boy Band' Ahead Of Coachella" URL: http://hollywoodlife.com/2018/04/11/who-is-brockhampton-boy-band-group-coachella/ (Brow, Jason; 11. travnja 2018.)

Trenutni članovi

 Kevin Abstract – vocals, produkcija, režija spotova (2015.–danas)
 Matt Champion – vokali (2015.–danas)
 Merlyn Wood – vokali (2015.–danas)
 Dom McLennon – vokali, produkcija (2015.–danas)
 Joba – vokali, produkcija, mixanje, mastering (2015.–danas)
 Bearface – vokali, gitara, produkcija (2015.–danas)
 Romil Hemnani – produkcija, snimanje, DJ (2015.–danas)
 Jabari Manwa – produkcija (2015.–danas)
 Kiko Merley – produkcija (2015.–danas)
 Henock "HK" Sileshi – grafički dizajn (2015.–danas)
 Robert "Roberto" Ontenient – web dizajn (2015.–danas), vokali za skitove na albumima Saturation trilogije (2017.)
 Jon Nunes – menadžment (2015.–danas)
 Ashlan Grey – fotografija, društvene mreže (2016.–danas)

Bivši članovi

 Ameer Vann – vokali (2015. – 2018.)
 Rodney Tenor – vokali (2015. – 2016.)
 Albert Gordon – produkcija (2015. – 2016.)

Diskografija
Studijski albumi:

 Saturation (2017.)
 Saturation II (2017.)
 Saturation III (2017.)
 Iridescence (2018.)
 Ginger (2019.)

Kompilacijski albumi:

 Saturation Boxset (2017.)

Mixtape-ovi:

 All-American Trash (2016.)
 Saturation Drafts (2017.)

Izvori

Američki hip hop glazbeni sastavi

Brockhampton


In cryptography, WAKE is a stream cipher designed by David Wheeler in 1993.

WAKE stands for Word Auto Key Encryption. The cipher works in cipher feedback mode, generating keystream blocks from previous ciphertext blocks. WAKE uses an S-box with 256 entries of 32-bit words.

The cipher is fast, but vulnerable to chosen plaintext and chosen ciphertext attacks.

See also
 TEA, XTEA

References

External links
A Bulk Data Encryption Algorithm

Stream ciphers

WAKE (cipher)


The Sudanese Air Force () is the air force operated by the Republic of the Sudan. As such it is part of the Sudanese Armed Forces.

History
The Sudanese Air Force was founded immediately after Sudan gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1956. The British assisted in the Air Force's establishment, providing equipment and training. Four new Hunting Provost T Mk 51s were delivered for jet training in 1961. In 1958, the Sudanese Air Force's transport wing acquired its first aircraft, a single Hunting President. In 1960 the Sudanese Air Force received an additional four re-furbished RAF Provosts and two more Hunting Presidents. Also in 1960, the transport wing's capability was increased by the addition of two Pembroke C Mk 54s.

The SAF gained its first combat aircraft when 12 Jet Provosts with a close air support capability were delivered in 1962. In the 1960s, the Soviet Union and China started supplying the Sudanese Air Force with aircraft. This included supply of Shenyang F-5 fighters (F-5/FT-5 variants).

Equipment

Aircraft
The air force flies a mixture of transport planes, fighter jets and helicopters sourced from places including the European Union, Russia, China and the United States. However, not all the aircraft are in a fully functioning condition and the availability of spare parts is limited.  In 1991, the two main air bases were at the capital Khartoum and Wadi Sayyidna near Omdurman.

On 4 April 2001, a Sudanese Antonov An-24 aircraft crashed in Adaril (Adar Yeil, Adar Yale), Sudan. The fifteen dead included a general, seven lieutenant generals, three brigadiers, a colonel, a lieutenant colonel and a corporal.

Sudan has also made a successful deal to buy two different batches of 12 MiG-29 Russian fighter jets each. There are 23 MiG-29s in active service as of late 2008. However, the rebel Justice and Equality Movement claimed to have shot down one MiG-29 with large-caliber machine-gun fire on 10 May 2008, killing the pilot of the plane, a retired Russian Air Force fighter pilot; the Sudanese government denied the allegation. South Sudan also claimed to have shot down a Sudanese MiG-29 during the 2012 border conflict.

During May, June, and August 2011, members of the UN Panel of Experts on the Sudan documented the following aircraft in Darfur, potentially indicating violations of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1556:'Letter dated 24 January 2011 from former members of the Panel of Experts on the Sudan established pursuant to Resolution 1591 (2005) and renewed pursuant to Resolution 1945 (2010) addressed to the Chairman of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to Resolution 1591 (2005) concerning the Sudan, page 30
Five Sukhoi Su-25 ground attack aircraft (tail numbers 201, 204, 205, 207, 212)
Three Mi-17 transport helicopters (tail numbers 525, 540, 543)
Nine Mi-24 attack helicopters (tail numbers 928, 937, 938, 939, 942, 943, 947, 948 stationed at El Fasher and Nyala, and an additional Mi-24 which crashed near El Fasher on 18 April 2011.) Satellite imagery also indicates that a total of five other attack helicopters were present at Kutum, N Darfur, in April 2011, and at El Geneima in February 2011, but panel members have not determined whether they were introduced from outside Darfur in addition to those listed above, or moved from within Darfur.

In August 2013, pictures showed Su-24's in Sudanese colors, reporting that the aircraft were among the ex Belarusian Air Force Su-24's retired in 2012. Various reports have said that the air force uses Iranian drones such as the Ghods Ababil.

Retired
Previous notable aircraft operated were the BAC Jet Provost, Douglas C-47, MBB Bo 105, and the Agusta-Bell 212 helicopter.

Missiles

Air Defense

References

Bibliography

 Silvester, John. "Call to Arms: The Percival Sea Prince and Pembroke". Air Enthusiast, No. 55, Autumn 1994, pp. 56–61.

Air Force
Military units and formations established in 1956
1956 establishments in Sudan

Sudanese Air Force


Delphes, en , est une petite ville, capitale historique du dème du même nom, dans le district régional de Phocide, en Grèce-Centrale. Elle est située à proximité du site historique, sur le versant sud-ouest du mont Parnasse, à une altitude de .

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du dème compte  tandis que celle de la ville s'élève à .

Dans le passé, le village s'appelait Kastrí () et était construit à l'emplacement du site archéologique actuel, qui avait été abandonné. Après les fouilles de 1892, la localité est déplacée plus à l'ouest et rebaptisée Delphes. Dans les années qui suivent, elle connaît un grand développement touristique, profitant de l'existence du site archéologique de Delphes qui attire un grand nombre de touristes tout au long de l'année, tandis que ces dernières années, le trafic touristique est renforcé par l'existence des stations de ski du mont Parnasse qui sont situées à proximité.

Delphes abrite la plupart des installations du  (à l'exception du bureau central du Centre, qui est situé à Athènes), dont la maison d'Eva et son époux, le poète Ángelos Sikelianós, qui abrite aujourd'hui un musée consacré aux .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Article connexe
 Delphes (sanctuaire)

Liens externes

Dème en Grèce-Centrale
Ville en Grèce-Centrale
Phocide

Delphes (Phocide)


أمينتاس الرابع المقدوني (362 ق.م. - 336 ق.م.) (بالإغريقية: Ἀμύντας Δ`) كان ملكا فخريا لمقدونيا القديمة لمدة ثلاث سنوات وكان ذلك من العام 359 قبل الميلاد لغاية العام 356 قبل الميلاد، وهو من أفراد السلالة الأرغية نسبة إلى أرغايوس الأول المقدوني.

نسبه وزواجه
كان أميتياس ابنا للملك بيرديكاس الثالث المقدوني. وقد أصبح ملكا بعد موت أبيه في عام 359 قبل الميلاد، ولكن لصغر سنه (3 سنوات فقط) أصبح عمه فيليبوس الثاني المقدوني، أخ بيرديكاس الثالث المقدوني، معلما له ووصيا عليه. وبعد ثلاث سنوات أعلن فيليبوس الثاني المقدوني نفسه ملكا على مقدونيا، مصادرا بذلك حقوق ابن أخيه الشاب. ولأن أمينتاس لم يكن ليشكل خطرا على فيليبوس فقد أبقى فيليبوس على حياته وليس هذا فقط بل قدم له ابنته كيناني وزوجه بها.

موته
بعد عملية اغتيال فيليبوس الثاني المقدوني قام الإسكندر الأكبر بغية توطيد سلطته على مقدونيا بتصفية اميتاس في عام 336 قبل الميلاد.

مصادر

 ديودورس الصقلي، 16، 2.
 ماركوس يونيانوس يوستينوس، 7، 5.

أشخاص أعدموا من قبل الإسكندر الأكبر
حكام أطفال قدماء
حكام خلعوا أثناء الطفولة
حكام في القرن 4 ق م
سنة الولادة غير معروفة
ملكيون مقدونيون في القرن 4 ق م
ملوك مقدونيون
وفيات 336 ق م
يونانيون في القرن 4 قبل الميلاد

أمينتاس الرابع المقدوني


Haputale (en tamil:அப்புத்தளை  ) es una ciudad de Sri Lanka en el distrito de Badulla, provincia de Uva.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 1409  a 178 km de la capital nacional, Colombo, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2011 contaba con una población de 4 990 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth.

Localidades de Sri Lanka

Haputale


Svijet

Književna djela

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

 11. studenog – Fjodor Mihajlovič Dostojevski, ruski književnik († 1881.)
 9. prosinca – Charles Baudelaire, francuski pjesnik i kritičar († 1867.)
 12. prosinca – Gustave Flaubert, francuski prozaist († 1880.)

Smrti

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Književna djela

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Književnost u 1821.


El cangrejo de río europeo o cangrejo noble (Astacus astacus), es un cangrejo de río de la familia Astacidae. Habita los ríos de Europa, si bien hay países donde ha sido introducido, como Reino Unido, Luxemburgo, Ucrania, Chipre, Liechtenstein y posiblemente en Italia y Montenegro. Fuera de Europa se ha introducido en Marruecos. El color de su parte dorsal varía entre el marrón oliva y el marrón oscuro, siendo su cara ventral más clara, de color rojizo-anaranjado. Los ejemplares adultos pueden superar los 10 cm de longitud.

Esta especie se encuentra amenazada por la afanomicosis, el dragado de cursos de agua y por la lluvia ácida.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Astacidea
Crustáceos de Europa
Especies invasoras animales
Taxones descritos por Carlos Linneo
Animales descritos en 1758
Taxones con nombres de la mitología clásica
Crustáceos comestibles

Astacus astacus