German submarine U-853 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 21 August 1942 by DeSchiMAG AG Weser of Bremen. She was commissioned on 25 June 1943 with Kapitänleutnant Helmut Sommer in command. U-853 saw action during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. She conducted three patrols, sinking two ships totalling  and 430 tons.

On her final patrol, U-853 was sent to harass United States coastal shipping. She destroyed  near Portland, Maine. Just days before Germany's surrender, U-853 torpedoed and sank the collier Black Point during the Battle of Point Judith. The day before Germany surrendered, American warships quickly found U-853 and sank her  east of Block Island, Rhode Island, resulting in the loss of her entire crew.

U-853 is a popular deep sea diving site. She rests in  of water.

Design
German Type IXC/40 submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXCs. U-853 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-853 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one  SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a  SK C/30 as well as a  C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.

Armament

FLAK weaponry
U-853 was armed with a single 3.7 cm Flakzwilling M43U gun on the LM 42U mount. The LM 42U mount was the most common mount used with the 3.7 cm Flak M42U. The 3.7 cm Flak M42U was the marine version of the 3.7 cm Flak used by the Kriegsmarine on Type VII and Type IX U-boats. U-853 had two 2cm Flak C38 in a M 43U Zwilling mount with short folding shield mounted on the upper Wintergarten. The M 43U mount was used on a number of U-boats (, , , , , , , , , ,  and ).

Service history
U-853 was built by DeSchiMAG AG Weser of Bremen. Ordered on 5 June 1941, her keel was laid on 21 August 1942 and she was commissioned on 25 June 1943.

The Germans nicknamed the U-boat der Seiltänzer ("the Tightrope Walker"), and her crew painted an emblem of a yellow shield with a red horse on her sail.

First patrol
On her first war patrol from May to June 1944, U-853 was assigned to weather-watching duty under the command of Kapitänleutnant Helmut Sommer. German intelligence believed that weather conditions in the Atlantic could be used to help predict the timing of an Allied invasion of Europe. On 25 May 1944 U-853 spotted , loaded with American troops and supplies. The U-boat submerged to attack, but was outrun by the much larger and faster ship. As she surfaced in Queen Mary's wake U-853 was attacked by Fairey Swordfish aircraft from British merchant aircraft carriers  and . The U-boat took no significant damage and returned fire, hitting all three aircraft. The planes were able to return to their carrier, but after recovery one was deemed a total loss and jettisoned.

The escort carrier  had been hunting weather boats for nearly a month and had already sunk  and . Intercepted radio transmissions led Croatan and six destroyers to search for U-853. The U-853 proved so elusive that Croatan's crew nicknamed their prey "Moby Dick." After ten days of hunting, on 17 June Huff-Duff (HF/DF, high frequency direction finding) picked up a weather report from U-853 only  away. Within minutes two FM-1 Wildcat fighters strafed the submarine, killing 2 men and wounding 12 others. Sommer suffered 28 shrapnel and bullet wounds yet still managed to give the order to submerge. In all likelihood Sommer saved his submarine from being destroyed by allied bombers.

Three weeks of pursuit from 25 May until 17 June placed an enormous strain on U-853s crew. Twenty-three-year-old Oberleutnant zur See Helmut Frömsdorf took command of the boat on 18 June (his first command) and returned to Lorient in northwest France. Sommer and a large number of the crew was declared unfit for duty. On 10 July Sommer was formally relieved by Oberleutnant zur See Otto Wermuth.

Second patrol
The boat remained in port until 27 August. Decorated veteran Korvettenkapitän Günter Kuhnke, Commander of the 10th U-boat Flotilla, took command for her second patrol.
U-853 operated this time in the Western Approaches off the British Isles, but in a period of seven weeks scored no successes. On completion she did not return to Lorient, but continued to Flensburg, Germany, arriving 14 October.
Kuhnke assumed command of the 33rd U-boat Flotilla upon arriving at Flensburg. He relinquished command of U-853 back to Frömsdorf, who took the U-boat on her third and final patrol. Before departure U-853 was fitted with a Schnorchel, a retractable air intake and exhaust that allowed the ship to remain submerged while running her diesel engines. The Schnorchel reduced the need to spend dangerous periods on the surface recharging batteries.

Last patrol
On 23 February 1945 Germany sent U-853 on her third war patrol to harass US coastal shipping. Under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Helmut Frömsdorf, U-853 did not sink any targets during the first weeks of her patrol. Her crossing of the Atlantic was slow because she used her Schnorchel to remain submerged to avoid being spotted by Allied aircraft. On 1 April 1945 U-853 was ordered to the Gulf of Maine.

On 23 April she fatally torpedoed  near Portland, Maine.
Eagle 56, a World War I-era patrol boat, was towing targets for a United States Navy dive-bomber training exercise  off Cape Elizabeth when she exploded amidships and sank. Only 13 of the 67 crew survived. That same day  dropped nine depth charges on a suspected submarine. The next day  made sonar contact and attacked U-853, but failed to destroy her.

Although several survivors claimed to have seen a submarine sail with yellow and red insignia, a Navy inquiry attributed the PE-56 sinking to a boiler explosion. The Navy reversed its findings in 2001 to acknowledge that the sinking was due to hostile fire and awarded Purple Hearts to the survivors and next-of-kin of the deceased.

Battle of Point Judith

On 5 May 1945, Reichspräsident of Nazi Germany Karl Dönitz ordered all U-boats to cease offensive operations and return to their bases. U-853 was lying in wait off Point Judith, Rhode Island, at the time. According to the US Coast Guard, U-853 either did not receive that order or, less likely, ignored it. Soon after, her torpedo blew off the stern of Black Point, a  collier underway from New York to Boston. Within 15 minutes Black Point had sunk in  of water less than  south of Point Judith. She was the last US-flagged merchant ship lost in World War II. Twelve men died and 34 crew members were rescued. One of the rescuing ships, Yugoslav freighter Kamen, sent a report of the torpedoing to authorities. The US Navy organized a "hunter-killer" group that included four American warships: , , , and .

The group discovered U-853 bottomed in , and dropped depth charges and hedgehogs during a 16-hour attack. At first, the U-boat attempted to flee, then tried to hide by lying still. Both times it was found by sonar. On the morning of 6 May 1945 two K-Class blimps from Lakehurst, New Jersey, K-16 and K-58, joined the attack, locating oil slicks and marking suspected locations with smoke and dye markers. K-16 also attacked with 7.2-inch rocket bombs. Numerous depth charge and hedgehog attacks from Atherton and Moberly resulted in planking, life rafts, a chart tabletop, clothing, and an officer's cap floating to the surface. U-853 was one of the last U-boats sunk during World War II and the last to be sunk in US waters.  ( was sunk the same day in the North Atlantic.)  Atherton and Moberly received joint credit for the kill.

Legacy
The body of one of U-853s crewmembers was recovered in 1960 and was interred in the Island Cemetery Annex on Van Zandt Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island. The submarine's two propellers were on display for many years at the Inn at Castle Hill in Newport and are now in the custody of the United States Naval War College Museum at the Newport Naval Station.

The USS Atherton was transferred to Japan and served as part of the Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force until 1975 when she was returned to the United States. She was given to the Philippines in 1978 and served as BRP Rajah Humabon (PS-11) with the Philippine Navy until 2018.

Interest has been expressed in returning Atherton to the United States so she can be restored to her World War II appearance and be opened to the public. Rajah Humabon was decommissioned on 15 March 2018 and is planned to be part of the Philippine Navy museum in Sangley Point.

Wreck

U-853 lies  east of Block Island in  of water. The US Coast Guard pinpoints the location of the wreck at . Most of the 55 crew member bodies remain within the hull, which is a war grave. It is one of the more popular dive sites in Southern New England. The hull has depth charge blast holes: one forward of the conning tower at the radio room and another in the starboard side of the engine room. Entering the wreck is dangerous due to debris, sharp metal edges, and confined spaces.

On 6 and 7 May 1945, Navy divers attempted to enter the wreck to recover the captain's safe and the papers within, but failed. Recreational divers first visited the site in 1953. In 1960 a recreational diver brought up a body from the wreck. This provoked former navy admirals and clergy to petition the US government for restrictions on disturbing the dead. The German crewman was buried with full military honors in Newport, Rhode Island.

As of 1998 at least two recreational divers have died from exploring the wreckage. Stephen Hardick died in 2005 while filming the U-boat. He surfaced unconscious and could not be revived. Hardick, age 60, died as the result of saltwater drowning associated with poor health according to the Rhode Island Medical Examiner's office.

On October 26, 2022, a live depth charge was found near the wreckage by fishermen based out of Rhode Island. The depth charge contained 267 pounds of TNT which was set out to destroy the German U-boat.

Summary of raiding history

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

External links
 US Coast Guard history of U-853
 The Battle of Point Judith – A detailed and well referenced account of the battle.

German Type IX submarines
World War II submarines of Germany
Shipwrecks of the Rhode Island coast
New Shoreham, Rhode Island
U-boats commissioned in 1943
U-boats sunk in 1945
U-boats sunk by depth charges
U-boats sunk by US warships
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
1943 ships
Ships built in Bremen (state)
Submarines lost with all hands
Maritime incidents in May 1945

German submarine U-853


elektron-positron annihilation er en kvantemekanisk annihilation, hvorunder masse, i form af en elektron og en positron indfanges af hinanden, omdannes til elektromagnetisk energi, hvor en foton med tilstrækkelig lav bølgelængde dannes.

(Den modsatte proces af elektron-positron annihilation er pardannelse.)

Se også
 Positronemissionstomografi

Subatomar fysik
Stråling

Elektron-positron annihilation


නීතිවිරෝධී ණය ලෙසද හඳුන්වනු ලබන පිළිකුල්සහගත ණය යනු, ඒකාධිපති පාලනයක් විසින් දරනු ලබන ජාතික ණය, එහි පුරවැසියන් කෙරෙහි බලාත්මක කළ නොහැකි බව පවසන ජ්‍යාත්‍යන්තර නීතිමය න්‍යායකි. මෙම මූලධර්මය මගින් එවැනි ණය සලකනු ලබන්නේ රාජ්‍යයේ ණය ලෙස නොව, ඒවා ඇති කළ පාලන තන්ත්‍රයේ පුද්ගලික ණය ලෙස ය. මෙම සංකල්පය, බලහත්කාරයෙන් අත්සන් කරන ලද ගිවිසුම් වලංගු නොවීම හා සමාන වේ.

මිනිසුන්ගේ අනුමැතියකින් තොර සහ ජනතාවට ප්‍රතිලාභ නොලැබුන ස්වෛරී ණය පිළිකුල් සහගත වන අතර, එම ණය අනුප්‍රාප්තික රජයකට පැවරිය යුතු නොවන බව, පිළිකුල් සහගත ණය පිළිබඳ නීතිමය මූලධර්මය මගින් කියැවෙයි.

අන්තර්ජාතික කටයුතු

පිළිකුල්සහගත ණය


Ugo Procacci (* 31. März 1905 in Florenz; † 19. Februar 1991 ebenda) war ein italienischer Kunsthistoriker, Restaurator und Hochschullehrer.

Leben
Procacci promovierte im Fach Kunstgeschichte im Jahre 1927 mit einer Arbeit über Spinello Aretino. Danach begann er seine Studien im Fach Geschichte bei dem Historiker Gaetano Salvemini. 1929 war er Gründungsmitglied des antifaschistischen Kreises der Fratelli Roselli, des Vorläufers der Organisation Giustizia e Libertá. 1932 half er in Florenz bei der Begründung des Gabinetto di restauro dei dipinti, welches die Restaurierungstätigkeiten mit der Erforschung des künstlerischen Erbes der Toskana verband.
Das Gabinetto wurde im Jahre 1975 durch das neu geschaffene italienische Ministero per i Beni Culturali, das Kultur- und Denkmalsministerium, mit der von den Medici geschaffenen Organisation Opificio delle Pietre Dure verschmolzen.

1958 wurde Procacci zum obersten Beamten ernannt, der zuständig für die Kunstwerke in den Provinzen Florenz, Arezzo und Pistoia war. Nach der Katastrophe der Überschwemmung in Florenz 1966 konnten die Rettungsarbeiten auch durch seine Ausstrahlung und Willensstärke sowie sein Organisationstalent zügig angegangen und abgeschlossen werden. Nach seiner Pensionierung im Jahre 1972 begann er am Kunstgeschichtlichen Institut der Universität Florenz mit Vorlesungen über Techniken in der Kunst, die Geschichte der Restaurierung und über die Benutzung historischer Quellen für die Kunstgeschichte. Er war Mitglied der Accademia Etrusca.

Veröffentlichungen
 La Galleria dell'Accademia di Firenze. La libreria dello Stato, Rom 1951.
 Il Vasari e la conservazione della capella Brancacci al Carmine e della Trinità in Santa Maria Novella, 1956.
 La storia di Firenze, 3 Bände, Sansoni editori, Florenz 1956 und 1957.
 Band 1: Le origini 1956.
 Band 2: erster Teil: Lotte sveve 1956.
 Band 2: zweiter Teil: L'egemonia guelfa e la vittoria del popolo, 1957.
 Sinopie ed affreschi. Cassa di Risparmio, Firenze 1960.
 La tecnica degli antichi affrechi e il loro distaccio e restauro. Comitato della II. Mostra die affreschi staccati, Florenz 1958.
 Masaccio. La Capella Brancacci. SADEA editore/ Sansoni editori, Florenz 1965.
 La casa Buonarroti a Firenze. Electa, Mailand 1967.
 Beato Angelico al Museo di San Marco a Firenze. Silvana editoriale d'arte, Mailand 1972.
 Come nasce un affresco. Bonechi, Florenz 1975.

 postum veröffentlicht
 Studi sul catasto fiorentino. Olschki, Florenz 1996.

Literatur
 M. Ciatti/C. Frosinini: Ugo Procacci a cento anni dalla nascita (1905–2005), Atti della giornata di studio (Firenze, 31. März 2005). Edifir, Florenz 2006

Kunsthistoriker
Restaurator
Hochschullehrer (Universität Florenz)
Italiener
Geboren 1905
Gestorben 1991
Mann
Mitglied der Accademia Etrusca

Ugo Procacci


Berthasaura é um gênero de dinossauros terópodes da família Noasauridae, nativo da formação Goio-Erê, do Cretáceo Inferior, entre o Aptiano e o Albiano. Até o momento, somente uma espécie foi nomeada, Berthasaura leopoldinae. O gênero faz alusão a Bertha Maria Júlia Lutz, em honra a suas contribuições e atividades sociais em relação aos direitos das mulheres no Brasil.

Descoberta e Nomeação
O holótipo do gênero, MN 7821-V, consiste em um esqueleto praticamente completo e desarticulado, incluindo crânio incompleto, mandíbula incompleta, escapulocoracoides, membros anteriores, vértebras cervicais, dorsais, região sacral praticamente completa, fêmures e tibias quase completas e seções da cauda. Esses elementos provém da localidade Cemitério dos Pterossauros, na cidade de Cruzeiro do Oeste, no estato brasileiro do Paraná, e foram escavados entre os anos de 2011 a 2015. Essa localidade é um afloramento da formação Goio-Erê, do Grupo Caiuá e Bacia Bauru, que data das idades Aptiana e Albiana do Cretáceo Inferior. Recentemente a correspondência do Cemitério dos Pterossauros a formação Goio-Erê foi contestada, onde um grupo de pesquisadores afirma que esta localidade é da formação Rio Paraná, também do grupo Caiuá. Na descrição de Berthasaura, o sítio paleontológico foi atribuído a formação Goio-Erê. A datação também é questionada, já que antigas pesquisas apresentavam um datação do Turoniano ao Campaniano, enquanto outras defendiam uma idade mais anterior, do Coniaciano. As pesquisas mais recentes tem tratado essas formações com pertencentes as idades Aptiana e Albiana do Cretáceo Inferior. Atualmente, o holótipo se encontra armazenado na Coleção de Paleovertebrados do Museu Nacional.

O nome Berthasaura faz referência a pesquisadora Bertha Maria Júlia Lutz, em honra a sua ativa participação política e social principalmente nas questões em relação aos direitos das mulheres. O sufixo saura é o feminino do palavra grega para lagarto. Já o epíteto específico B.leopoldinae homenageia Maria Leopoldina, a primeira imperadora brasileira, que teve grande atuação na independência do Brasil em 1822.

Descrição e Paleobiologia

Crânio e Dieta
Diferentemente da maioria dos noassaurídeos, Berthasaura leopoldinae apresentava características que favoreciam herbivoria, como crânio frágil, potencial rhamphothecae (bico queratinoso), dentário com bordas cortantes, ausência de dentes e superfície de mordedura simplificada. Essas características são convergentes com outros grupos de dinossauros provavelmente herbívoros, como Ornitomimossauros, Oviraptorossauros, Therizinossauros, Ornitísquios, Avianos basais e o noassaurídeo chinês Limusaurus, além de pseudosúquios popossauróideos e tartarugas. Contudo, não é parcimonioso atribuir uma dieta herbívora a esse táxon baseada apenas em carácteres morfológicos, já que presença de gastrolitos e análises isotópicas foram utilzadas para inferir com maior confiança uma dieta herbívora aos grupos citados anteriormente. Nenhum gastrolito foi encontrado associado ao holótipo de Berthasaura, e nenhuma análise isotópica foi publicada até o momento. Desse modo, os descritores preferiram por atribuir um dieta onívora e potencialmente herbívora para o táxon.

O único outro noassaurídeo que apresenta uma condição edêntula é Limusaurus, do Jurássico Superior Chinês, que mesmo sendo mais antigo que Berthasaura, é mais derivado, integrante da subfamília Elaphrosaurinae. Análises filogenéticas e anatômicas demonstram que esses gêneros desenvolveram anatomias cranianas independentemente e que a falta de dentes não é distribuída na família Noasauridae. Diferentemente de Limusaurus, que perdia os dentes durante seu crescimento, Berthasaura aparenta não ter dentes em nenhum estágio de desenvolvimento ontogênico ou os perdia muito cedo, ainda em um estágio juvenil.

Tamanho e Idade
O holótipo do gênero é um dinossauro de porte diminuto, com menos de 1 metro de comprimento. O animal adulto não seria muito maior, já que o espécime provavelmente era um jovem subadulto, comparável aos estágios 3 ou 4 de Limusaurus inextricabilis.

Ecologia
A formação Goio-Erê é composta de estratos aeólicos, fato que demonstra as condições áridas desse paleoambiente. Durante o Cretáceo inferior, essa região era um deserto lar de outros répteis, como os pterossauros Caiuajara e Keresdrakon, o lagarto Gueragama e o noassaurídeo Vespersaurus paranaensis, da formação contemporânea Rio Paraná.

Classificação
Na sua descrição, Berthasaura é atribuída a Noasauridae, representando o táxon mais basal conhecido. Nenhuma das filogenias testadas nesse artigo encontraram Berthasaura e Vespersaurus formando um clado, demonstrando que esses gêneros, mesmo sendo contemporâneos, são distintos.

Filogenia por de Sousa et al(2021):

Noasauridae
Abelisauridae
Espécies fósseis descritas em 2021

Berthasaura


الزوواتي البولندي أو زلوتي  هو عملة بولندا القومية منذ عام 1924. ينقسم كل زووتي إلى 100 غراوس (قرش) . كلمة زووتي تعني الذهب بالبولندية.

المصادر

أيزو 4217
رموز عملات
عملات بولندا
عملات متداولة
غيلدر

زلوتي بولندي


Lamentate za klavir i orkestar, s podnaslovom Homage to Anish Kapoor and his sculpture "Marsyas" (hommage Anishu Kapooru i njegovoj skulpturi "Marsija") je skladba koju je Arvo Pärt napisao 2002. godine po narudžbi galerije Tate Modern, u kojoj se tad nalazila skulptura "Marsija" Anisha Kapoora. Jedno je od glavnih djela pisanih u stilu tintinabulija.

Kontekst
Marsija (gr. Μαρσύας) je satir iz grčke mitologije. O njemu postoje dvije legende. Po jednoj, izumio je aulos, frulu s dvjema cijevima. Po drugoj legendi, aulos je izumila boginja Atena, ali kad se pogledala u zrcalo i vidjela svoj smiješni lik s napuhanim obrazima, odbacila ju je i stavila prokletstvo da onaj tko nađe frulu bude strogo kažnjen. Marsija je našao frulu i izazvao Apolona na natjecanje u sviranju, u kome pobjednik bira nagradu. Pobijedio je Apolon i Marsiji je živom oderao kožu, kao primjer da ne treba izazivati bogove. Marsijina sudbina nadahnula je mnoge antičke i renesansne likovne umjetnike.

Britanski kipar Anish Kapoor je izradio skulpturu Marsyas (Marsija) po narudžbi za galeriju Tate Modern. Prateći dimenzije izložbenog prostora, Kapoorova gigantska skulptura dugačka je 150, široka 23 i visoka 35 metara. Skulptura se sastoji od dva ogromna okomita čelična obruča na suprotnim krajevima dvorane koji su s vodoravnim trećim obručem pri podu povezani posebno dizajniranom neprekidnom crvenom PVC membranom. Skulptura predstavlja oderanog Marsiju.

Tate Modern je galerija moderne umjetnosti u Londonu. Nalazi se u nekadašnjoj elektrani na obali Temze. Dvorana The Turbine Hall, u kojoj su nekad bile turbine, dužine je 155, širine 23, visine 35 metara i ima izložbenu površinu od 3300 m2. U njoj se izlažu posebno naručeni veliki radovi. Od listopada 2002. do travnja 2003. dvoranu je popunila skulptura Marsyas Anisha Kapoora.

Galerija je za tu instalaciju 2002. godine od Arva Pärta naručila glazbu. Na premijeri 7. veljače 2003. u galeriji sa skulpturom solistica na klaviru bila je Hélène Grimaud, a Alexander Briger je dirigirao Londonskom Simfonijetom (The London Sinfonietta).

O glazbi
Skladba Lamentate (prema "lament") je napisana u stilu tintinabulija. Tintinabuli (prema latinskom tintinnabulum = zvono) je stil koji je Pärt kreirao 1976. godine.

Može se reći da je djelo retrospektiva skladatelja, od ranih početaka do bogate i raznovrsne kompozicije koju je Pärt otada razvio. Ovo nije koncert u virtuoznom smislu, ali klavir svejedno dominira djelom. Stavci su mikro-epizode, međusobno slabo vezane. Pärt koristi razne načine da pravoslavne crkvene tekstove prevede u glazbeni oblik, u dvama dijametralno suprotnim raspoloženjima, agresivnog i smirenog klavira.

Orkestracija: solo klavir, pikolo, 2 flaute, 2 oboe, 2 klarineta, 4 roga, 2 trube, 2 trombona, timpani, udaraljke, gudači

Po sastavu skladba ima oblik suite. Stavci su sljedeći:

Prosječno trajanje je oko 40 minuta.

Izvori
 Lamentate u neslužbenom vodiču koncerta Niškog simfonijskog orkestra 28. veljače 2019. sa stranice "Rat protiv slova A"  (objavljeno: 26. veljače 2019., pristupljeno: 2. lipnja 2020.)
 O skulptruri Marsyas na stranici galerije Tate Modern, www.tate.org.uk  (pristupljeno: 2. lipnja 2020.)
 Detalji skladbe Lamentate na stranici Universal Edition, www.universaledition.com   (pristupljeno: 2. lipnja 2020.)
 Natuknica "Marsija" u Hrvatskoj enciklopediji, www.enciklopedija.hr (pristupljeno: 3. lipnja 2020.)
 Lamentate na službenoj stranici Arva Pärta, www.arvopart.ee  (pristupljeno: 2. lipnja 2020.)

Skladbe klasične glazbe

Lamentate


Calimport sokaklarındaki sayısız lonca içerisindeki sayısız suikastçı içindeki en korkulanıdır. Disiplin ve kararlılığını tekniği ile birleştirmiştir. Birçok kereler Drizzt Do'Urden ile karşı karşıya gelirler fakat dövüşler hiçbir zaman son bulmaz. En sonunda Entreri'nin normal hayatında geri dönmesi için Jarlaxle Drizzt ile Entreri'yi karşı karşıya getirir. Dövüş sonunda Entreri Jarlaxle'ın da hilesiyle Drizzt'i öldürdüğünü sanır. Bundan sonra Jarlaxle ile beraber maceralara atılırlar. Drizzt'le sadece karşılıklı savaşmamış, bazı zamanlarda da yan yana savaşmışlardır, yan yanayken gerçekten dünyanın en büyük savaşçıları olurlar ve birbirlerini mükemmel tamamlarlar. Yılların ilerlemesi Artemis için büyük bir tehlikedir, zira drowlar uzun süre yaşarken insan ırkının mensubu olan Artemis Entreri eski çevikliğini yavaş yavaş yitirmektedir. Savaşlarda bir kılıç ve bir hançer kombinasyonuyla savaşır. Acımasız bir katildir. Jarlaxle ile maceraları gerçekten okunmaya değerdir, o bölümlerde Entreri'nin birçok özelliği gözler önüne getirilir.
Artemis Entreri yaşlandıkça, şöhret edinme ve en iyi olma arzusu azalmıştır. Entreri'nin geçmişi ise üstü kapalı bir şekilde sezdirilmişse de Türkçe basımı çıkan kitaplarda bu konu hakkında yeterli bilgi yoktur. Artemis çoğu drow tarafından bile tehlikeli görülmüştür ve kendisi son kitaplarda paralı asker Jarlaxle ile birliktedir. Silah olarak Kohrin Soulez'in tanınmış kılıcı Charon'un Pençesi ile adeta kendiyle özdeşleşmiş olan mücevherli hançerini kullanır. Artemis Entreri mükemmeliyeti sayesinde etrafında uyandırdığı huşu ile tasvir edilir. Öyle ki bu korku duygusu nedeniyle karşısına fazla düşman çıkmaz. Onun sıradan savaşçılarla olan savaşlarına kitaplarda neredeyse hiç yer verilmez. Çünkü, zaten bu tür insanlar Entreri'den ölesiye korkarlar. Artemisin Drizzt'le sürüp giden savaşının asıl sebebi en iyi olma savaşı değildir. Her ne kadar Entreri en iyi olmak istediğini düşünse de, o aslında hayatında hem duygularına yer veren, hem de mükemmeliyeti yakalamış olan Drizzt'in hatalarını açığa çıkarmak ister. Artemis soğukkanlı bir katildir, herkesin saygısını ve korkusunu kazanmıştır ancak bunun için duygularından, insaniyetinden vazgeçmiştir.

Entreri Drizzt'inki gibi duyguları zayıflık olarak görür. Fakat Drizzt onu yenerek onu tereddüde düşürür. Artık Entreri'nin asıl amacı; Drizzt'in mi yoksa kendisinin mi daha güçlü olduğunu göstermek değil; hangisinin varoluşunun bir yalan olduğunu açığa çıkarmaktır.

Entreri'den Sözler
 Jarlaxle: "Her zaman için aklında bulunsun dostum, eğer inanıyorsan bir illüzyon seni öldürebilir."
Entreri: "Gerçeği ise inansan da inanmasan da öldürebilir."

 Jarlaxle: "Cezbetme öğrenilen bir sanattır."Entreri: "Cinayet te öyle."
 Jarlaxle: "Hazırlıksız yakalanmayacağız."Entreri: "Neredeyse öldürdüğüm herkes buna benzer son sözler dile getirdi."Jarlaxle: "O zaman bir kere daha benim yanımda olduğun için mutluyum"Entreri: "Çoğunlukla bunu da söylediler."
 Entreri: (Dwahvel'e) "Tüm ihtimallerdeki rolünü anladın mı?"Dwahvel: "Sadece senin altını çizdiğin her ihtimalde"Entreri: "O zaman tüm ihtimalleri anlamışsın."

Zindanlar ve Ejderhalar karakterleri
Unutulmuş Diyarlar karakterleri

Artemis Entreri


علم جمهورية ترانسنيستريا هو مبني على أساس علم جمهورية مولدوفا السوفيتية الاشتراكية السابقة واستعمل منذ عام 2000.
استعمل بعد تفكك الاتحاد السوفيتي عام 1991 عندما استقلت جمهورية مولدوفا، حينها رفضت المنطقة الانفصالية رفع علم مولدوفا واستمرت برفع علم الاتحاد السوفيتي حتى استعمل العلم الحالي.

مراجع

أعلام استحدثت عام 2000
أعلام تاريخية
أعلام مولدوفا
سياسة ترانسنيستريا

علم ترانسنيستريا


Gabriel José Moura Nunes Soares (Euclides da Cunha, 23 de junho de 1983) é um  político brasileiro, filiado ao partido PSD, foi eleito para o cargo de deputado federal pela Bahia.

Biografia
É filho do ex-deputado federal José Nunes Soares, (PSD), e da ex-prefeita de Euclides da Cunha Fátima Nunes.

Foi superintendente de habitação no estado da secretaria do desenvolvimento urbano            (Sedur) em 2017 a 2018, é bacharelado em direito,e formado em gestão empresarial.

Se candidatou pela primeira vez em 2022, sendo eleito deputado federal com a votação de 138.448.

Naturais de Euclides da Cunha (Bahia)
Deputados federais do Brasil pela Bahia
Membros do Partido Social Democrático (2011) da Bahia
Membros do Partido Social Democrático (2011)
Membros do Democratas (Brasil)

Gabriel Nunes


Dolianova (sardisk: Patiòlla) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Sud Sardegna i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 212 meters højde og har 9.699 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 84,31 km² og grænser til kommunerne San Nicolò Gerrei, Sant'Andrea Frius, Serdiana, Sinnai, Soleminis og Villasalto.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Sud Sardegna

Dolianova


William Thomas Cahill (June 25, 1912July 1, 1996) was an American politician, lawyer, and academic who served as the 46th governor of New Jersey from 1970 to 1974. A Republican, Cahill previously served in the New Jersey General Assembly and U.S. House of Representatives.

Early life
Cahill was born in Philadelphia to Irish immigrants William P. Cahill and Rose Cahill. The family moved to South Jersey in 1919. He attended Camden Catholic High School in Camden, New Jersey, and graduated in 1929. Afterwards, Cahill graduated St. Joseph's College (now Saint Joseph's University) at Philadelphia in 1933. He returned to Camden to study at the Rutgers School of Law - Camden, receiving his law degree in 1937.

Political career

In 1937 and 1938, Cahill was a special agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In 1939 he was admitted to the bar and began his political career. Living in Collingswood, New Jersey, Cahill was the city prosecutor of Camden, New Jersey, in 1944 and 1945, was the first assistant prosecutor of Camden County from 1948 to 1951 and was a special deputy attorney general of the State of New Jersey in 1951.

Cahill was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly from 1951 to 1953. Cahill was elected to the Eighty-sixth and to the five succeeding Congresses. During his tenure in the US House, Cahill voted for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.  He served in the until resigning to assume his seat as governor, serving from January 3, 1959, to January 19, 1970.   Throughout his tenure in Congress and as governor, Cahill was widely viewed as a moderate Republican.

Governor of New Jersey

In 1969, Cahill ran for Governor of New Jersey, facing off against Democrat Robert B. Meyner, who had previously held the office from 1954 to 1962.  Cahill defeated Meyner and became New Jersey's first Republican governor in 16 years.

Cahill served as governor from January 20, 1970, to January 15, 1974, and assumed office with a Republican-controlled legislature to support him. Among his accomplishments as governor were new automobile emission standards, an increase in the sales tax from 3 to 5 percent, the introduction of the state lottery, and the passage of no-fault auto insurance.  He also played a role in bringing the New York Giants from Yankee Stadium to a new field in the Hackensack Meadowlands.

On Thanksgiving Day 1971, two months after the Attica State prison riots in upstate New York, a similar rebellion rose at Rahway State Prison.  The revolt was quieted without violence, and Cahill's role in ending the conflict was widely commended.  Cahill also appointed a commission that recommended the creation of a state income tax, which proved to be controversial with voters. The proposal was defeated in July 1972, but a state income tax was finally instituted four years later, after Cahill left office.

In spite of his many successes and accomplishments as governor, Cahill's term was derailed by scandal.  In 1972, Secretary of State Paul J. Sherwin was convicted for fixing a $600,000 state highway contract with a contractor who returned the favor with $10,000 to Cahill's associates.  Then, in April 1973, former New Jersey Republican State Committee chairman Nelson G. Gross and State Treasurer Joseph McCrane, who had been finance chairman for Cahill's 1969 campaign, were both charged with illegally making campaign donations to the governor as tax deductions.  Both men were convicted the following year.  Although investigators were unable to implicate Cahill in either affair, his reputation suffered as a result of these setbacks.

Cahill ran for re-election in 1973.  Damaged by the scandals in his administration, he was defeated in the Republican primary election by the more conservative Congressman Charles Sandman, who went on to lose the general election to Democrat Brendan Byrne.  During his final months as governor, Cahill named his predecessor, Democrat Richard J. Hughes, as chief justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court.

Death
After his term as governor, Cahill was a senior fellow at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University from 1974 to 1978. Cahill died at his daughter's house in Haddonfield, New Jersey, on July 1, 1996, of peripheral artery disease. A funeral service was held at Christ the King R.C. Church. Then-governor Christine Todd Whitman, and former governors Brendan Byrne, Thomas Kean, and James Florio were in attendance. Cahill was interred at Calvary Cemetery in Cherry Hill Township, New Jersey. The William T. Cahill Center for Experiential Learning and Career Services at Ramapo College in Mahwah, New Jersey, was dedicated in his honor on September 10, 1997.

See also

 List of governors of New Jersey

References

External links

 Biography of William T. Cahill (PDF), New Jersey State Library
 New Jersey Governor William T. Cahill, National Governors Association
 William Thomas Cahill  at The Political Graveyard

1912 births
1996 deaths
Camden Catholic High School alumni
Republican Party governors of New Jersey
Republican Party members of the New Jersey General Assembly
Politicians from Camden, New Jersey
People from Collingswood, New Jersey
Politicians from Philadelphia
Princeton University faculty
Rutgers School of Law–Camden alumni
Saint Joseph's University alumni
American people of Irish descent
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey
Princeton School of Public and International Affairs alumni
20th-century American politicians
Catholics from Pennsylvania
Catholics from New Jersey
Burials in New Jersey

William T. Cahill


Pedigree may refer to:

Breeding
 Pedigree chart, a document to record ancestry, used by genealogists in study of human family lines, and in selective breeding of other animals
 Pedigree, a human genealogy (ancestry chart)
 Pedigree (animal), a pedigree chart pertaining to a purebred animal; may also refer to such a purebred animal itself, e.g. "a pedigree dog" or "a pedigreed dog". A collection or database of such pedigrees may be referred to as a breed registry, breed register, herdbook, or studbook. See in particular:
 Pedigree (dog), pertaining to a purebred domestic dog
 Pedigree (cat), pertaining to a purebred domestic cat

Brands and companies
 Pedigree Dolls & Toys, British toy company that produced Sindy dolls
 Pedigree Petfoods, a company that manufactures pet food
 Marston's Pedigree, an English ale

Other uses
Pedigree (novel), an autobiographical novel by Georges Simenon
 The Pedigree, a finishing maneuver in professional wrestling made famous by Triple H
Pedigree, a memoir by Patrick Modiano

Pedigree


William Leahy may refer to:

 William D. Leahy (1875–1959), American naval officer, diplomat, and Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief from 1942-1949
 William Harrington Leahy (1904–1986), American naval officer
 William P. Leahy (born 1948), President of Boston College
 William Leahy (priest), Anglican priest in Ireland

William Leahy


Caldwell Blakeman Esselstyn Jr. (* 12. Dezember 1933 in New York City) ist ein US-amerikanischer Mediziner und Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1956.

Biographie
Esselstyn besuchte die Deerfield Academy (Internat) und studierte ab 1956 Humanmedizin an der Yale University, wo er auch Mitglied der Studentenverbindung Skull and Bones war. Seinen medizinischen Berufsdoktorgrad (M.D.) erhielt er schließlich 1961 an der Case Western Reserve University. Sein Fachgebiet ist die Chirurgie.

Er nahm an den Olympischen Sommerspielen 1956 in Melbourne teil und gewann in der Disziplin Achterrennen im Rudern eine Goldmedaille.

Von 1961 bis 1968 war er für verschiedene Krankenhäuser in den Vereinigten Staaten, London und Vietnam als Arzt tätig. Ab 1968 war er für die chirurgische Abteilung der Cleveland Clinic in Ohio tätig. Innerhalb dieser war er bis 2006 als chirurgischer Leiter für Schilddrüsenerkrankungen und Brustkrebs zuständig. Von 1977 bis 1978 war er zudem Vorsitzender der Personalabteilung und von 1977 bis 1982 Mitglied des Aufsichtsrats. Seit 2009 ist er Vorsitzender der Abteilungen für Präventivmedizin und Wellness.

Esselstyn ist Mitglied im Beirat des Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM), einer 1985 in den USA gegründeten Organisation, die Tierversuche bekämpft und für vegane Ernährung wirbt.

Diät für herzkranke Patienten

Aufbauend auf den Arbeiten von Campbell, Pritikin, McDougall und Ornish entwickelte Esselstyn eine vegane Diät für herzkranke Patienten. Durch diese Diät konnte er in einer Langzeitstudie mit 18 Probanden zeigen, dass die Entwicklung der Herzkrankheit aufgehalten wurde, bei einigen Patienten konnte auch eine Verbesserung der Durchblutung der Herzkranzgefäße nachgewiesen werden. Esselstyn ist einer der beiden Hauptprotagonisten in der Dokumentation Gabel statt Skalpell. Die von Esselstyn behandelten Patienten sollten tierische Produkte meiden, Fleisch, Fisch und alle Milchprodukte. Es sollen keine zusätzlichen Fette aufgenommen und raffinierte Lebensmittel gemieden werden. Herzkranke Patienten sollen zusätzlich auf Avocados und Nüsse verzichten. Esselstyn empfiehlt alle Arten von Gemüse, Vollkorngetreide und bis zu drei Portionen Obst täglich. Zusätzlich legt er verschiedene Nahrungsergänzungsmittel nahe: Multivitaminpräparate, Vitamin B12, Kalzium und Vitamin D3. Um den Tagesbedarf an Omega-3-Fettsäuren zu decken, reiche ein Esslöffel Leinsamenschrot aus.

Auszeichnungen
2009 erhielt er den Alumnus Award der Cleveland Clinic Alumni Association.  Für seine sportlichen Leistungen wurde er 2010 mit dem Greater Cleveland Sports Hall of Fame Award ausgezeichnet. 2016 ehrte das American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM) Esselstyn mit dem Lifetime Achievement Award.

Schriften

 Surgical Management of Actively Bleeding Duodenal Ulcer. In: Surgical Clinics of North America (1976), S. 1387–1393
 Breast Cancer: An Overview. In: Surgical Clinics of North America (1978), S. 58–659
 Evaluation of Various Types of Needle Biopsies of the Thyroid. In: World Journal of Surgery (1984), S. 452–457
 A Clinical Approach to the Initial Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules. In: Modern Medicine (1987), S. 48–54
 (mit Sharon Grundfest-Broniatowski): Controversies in Breast Disease: Diagnosis and Management. Verlag Marcel Dekker Inc (1988). ISBN 0-8247-7880-4
 Updating a 12-year Experience with Arrest and Reversal Therapy for Coronary Heart Disease (An Overdue Requiem for Palliative Cardiology). In: Am J of Cardiology (1999), S. 339–341.
 Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease. Verlag Avery (2007). ISBN 1-58333-272-3
 (mit: Gene Stone und T. Colin Campbell): Forks Over Knives: The Plant-Based Way to Health (2011). ISBN 1-61519-045-7
 Michael Senoff: How To Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease: An Interview With Dr. Caldwell B. Esselstyn (2011)
 Essen gegen Herzinfarkt: Das revolutionäre Ernährungskonzept. Verlag TRIAS (2014). ISBN 978-3-8304-6908-7.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Website von Caldwell Esselstyn

Olympiasieger (Rudern)
Olympiateilnehmer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1956
Ruderer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Mediziner (20. Jahrhundert)
Mediziner (21. Jahrhundert)
Sachbuchautor (Vegetarismus)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1933
Mann
Person (Veganismus)

Caldwell Esselstyn


An Pitcairnia caduciflora in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Werner Rauh ngan Elvira Angela Gross. An Pitcairnia caduciflora in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pitcairnia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nangangarat-an. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pitcairnia

Pitcairnia caduciflora


Der Berufsverband für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (BVOU) (ehemals: Berufsverband der Fachärzte für Orthopädie BVO) ist die größte berufspolitische Organisation in Deutschland für Ärzte in den Fachgebieten Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie mit nach eigenen Angaben etwa 7000 Mitgliedern und einer Abdeckung von ca. 2/3 der fachspezifischen Praxen.

Der Verband wurde am 29. April 1951 in der Rechtsform eines eingetragenen Vereines mit Sitz in Berlin gegründet. Der bundesweit agierende Verband wird von einem achtköpfigen Vorstand mit Präsident, zwei Vizepräsidenten, Schatzmeister, drei weiteren Mitgliedern (also sieben gewählte Mitglieder) und dem Generalsekretär der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DGOU) geleitet. Die Geschäftsstelle befindet sich in Berlin. Organisatorisch darunter angesiedelt sind flächendeckend Landes- und Bezirksstrukturen mit jeweiligen Landes- und Bezirksobleuten. Die Landesverbände sind regional deckungsgleich mit den Bundesländern mit zwei Ausnahmen: in Nordrhein-Westfalen und in Baden-Württemberg existieren separate Einheiten für Nordrhein und Westfalen bzw. für Baden und Württemberg.

Der erste Präsident 1951 war Gerhard Pusch (Bad Rappenau), ihm folgten 1952 Ernst Buck-Gramko (Hamburg), 1961 Hubert Waidmann (Lörrach), 1973 Ernst Rausch (Köln), 1982 Georg Holfelder (Frankfurt/Main), 1998 Friedhelm Heber (Neu-Ulm), 2000 Siegfried Götte (München), 2009 Helmut Mälzer (Berlin), 2013 Andreas Gassen (Düsseldorf) und dann ab 2014 Johannes Flechtenmacher (Karlsruhe).

Der Verband ist Mitveranstalter des jährlichen Deutschen Kongresses für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie in Berlin im Herbst,  Mitglied in einer Reihe von nationalen und internationalen Fachorganisationen und (Mit-)Herausgeber der Zeitschrift Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie. Er setzt und unterhält Kommissionen und Arbeitskreise zu bestimmten orthopädisch-unfallchirurgisch relevanten Themen, zum Teil zusammen mit der  Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie (DGOOC) als Allianz Deutscher Orthopäden. Er ist ferner zusammen mit der DGOOC-Gründer und Träger der Fortbildungsakademie Akademie Deutscher Orthopäden (ADO). Der BVOU ist Mitglied im Spitzenverband Fachärzte Deutschlands e.V. (SpiFa). Die Mitgliedschaft im BVOU ist kostenpflichtig; bestimmte Gruppen wie zum Beispiel Ruheständler, Ärzte in Weiterbildung und Medizinstudenten werden beitragsreduziert oder beitragsfrei geführt.

Ferner existieren unter dem Dach des Berufsverbandes Kompetenznetze in regionaler Ausrichtung (zum Beispiel von den Landesverbänden, aber auch in kleineren regionalen Strukturen), andererseits auch bundesweit zu bestimmten Spezialthemen wie zum Beispiel Endoprothetik, Rheumatologie oder Osteoporose.

Weblinks
 Website des Verbandes

Einzelnachweise

Ärzteverband (Deutschland)
Orthopadie und Unfallchirurgie
Gegründet 1951


Aryanism is an ideology of racial supremacy which views the supposed Aryan race as a distinct and superior racial group which is entitled to rule the rest of humanity. Initially promoted by racist theorists such as Arthur de Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Aryanism reached its peak of influence in Nazi Germany. In the 1930s and 40s, the regime applied the ideology with full force, sparking World War II with the 1939 invasion of Poland in pursuit of Lebensraum, or living space, for the Aryan people. The racial policies which were implemented by the Nazis during the 1930s came to a head during their conquest of Europe and the Soviet Union, culminating in the industrial mass murder of six million Jews and eleven million other victims in what is now known as the Holocaust.

Background
By the late 19th century, a number of later writers, such as the French anthropologist Vacher de Lapouge in his book L'Aryen, argued that this superior branch could be identified biologically by using the cephalic index (a measure of head shape) and other indicators. He argued that the long-headed "dolichocephalic-blond" Europeans, characteristically found in Northern Europe, were natural leaders, destined to rule over more "brachycephalic" (short-headed) peoples. Similar theories were promoted by Arthur de Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain.

Nazi Aryanism

The ideology of Nazism was based upon the conception of the ancient Aryan race being a superior race, holding the highest position in the racial hierarchy and that the Germanic peoples were the most racially pure existing peoples of Aryan stock. The Nazi conception of the Aryan race arose from earlier proponents of a supremacist conception of the race as described by racial theorist figures such as Arthur de Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain.

Nazi racial theorist Hans F. K. Günther identified the European race as having five subtype races: Nordic, Mediterranean, Dinaric, Alpine, and East Baltic. Günther applied a Nordicist conception that Nordics were the highest in the racial hierarchy amongst these five European subtype races. In his book Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes (1922) ("Racial Science of the German People"), Günther recognized Germans as being composed of all five European subtypes, but emphasized the strong Nordic heritage amongst Germans. Günther believed Slavic people to be of "Eastern race", one that was separate from Germans and Nordics, and warned about mixing "German blood" with Slavic one. He defined each racial subtype according to general physical appearance and their psychological qualities including their "racial soul" – referring to their emotional traits and religious beliefs, and provided detailed information on their hair, eye, and skin colours, facial structure. He provided photographs of Germans identified as Nordic in places like Baden, Stuttgart, Salzburg, and Schwaben; and provided photographs of Germans he identified as Alpine and Mediterranean types, especially in Vorarlberg, Bavaria, and the Black Forest region of Baden. Adolf Hitler read Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes, which influenced his racial policy and resulted in Günther's Nazi-backed attainment of a position in the anthropology department at the University of Jena in 1932 where Hitler attended Günther's inaugural lecture.

Günther distinguished Aryans from Jews, and identified Jews as descending from non-European races, particularly from what he classified as the Near Asian race (Vorderasiatische Rasse), more commonly known as the Armenoid race, and said that such origins rendered Jews fundamentally different from and incompatible with Germans and most Europeans. This association of Jews with the Armenoid type had been utilized by Zionist Jews who claimed that Jews were a group within that type. He claimed that the Near Eastern race descended from the Caucasus in the fifth and fourth millennia BC, and that it had expanded into Asia Minor and Mesopotamia and eventually to the west coast of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Aside from ascribing Armenians and Jews as having Near Eastern characteristics, he ascribed them to several other contemporary peoples, including: Greeks, Turks, Syrians, and Iranians. In his work Racial Characteristics of the Jewish People, he defined the racial soul of the Near Eastern race as emphasizing a "commercial spirit" (Handelgeist), and described them as "artful traders" – a term that Günther ascribed as being used by Jewish racial theorist Samuel Weissenberg to describe contemporary Armenians, Greeks, and Jews. Günther added to that description of the Near Eastern type as being composed primarily of commercially spirited and artful traders, by claiming that the type held strong psychological manipulation skills that aided them in trade. He claimed that the Near Eastern race had been "bred not so much for the conquest and exploitation of nature as it was for the conquest and exploitation of people".

Hitler's conception of the Aryan Herrenvolk ("master race") explicitly excluded the vast majority of Slavs, regarding the Slavs as having dangerous Jewish and Asiatic influences. Because of this, the Nazis declared Slavs to be Untermenschen (subhumans). Exceptions were made for a small percentage of Slavs who were seen by the Nazis to be descended from German settlers and therefore fit to be Germanised to be considered part of the Aryan folk or nation. Hitler described Slavs as "a mass of born slaves who feel the need of a master". Hitler declared that because Slavs were subhumans that the Geneva Conventions were not applicable to them, and German soldiers in World War II were thus permitted to ignore the Geneva Conventions in regards to Slavs. Hitler called Slavs "a rabbit family" meaning they were intrinsically idle and disorganized. Nazi Germany's propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels had media speak of Slavs as primitive animals who were from the Siberian tundra who were like a "dark wave of filth". The Nazi notion of Slavs being inferior non-Aryans was part of the agenda for creating Lebensraum ("living space") for Germans and other Germanic people in eastern Europe that was initiated during World War II under Generalplan Ost: millions of Germans and other Germanic settlers would be moved into conquered territories of Eastern Europe, while the original Slavic inhabitants were to be annihilated, removed, or enslaved. Nazi Germany's ally the Independent State of Croatia rejected the common conception that Croats were primarily a Slavic people and claimed that Croats were primarily the descendants of the Germanic Goths. However the Nazi regime continued to classify Croats as a "subhuman" in spite of the alliance. Nazi Germany's policy changed towards Slavs in response to military manpower shortages, in which it accepted Slavs to serve in its armed forces within occupied territories, in spite of them being considered subhuman, as a pragmatic means to resolve such manpower shortages.

Shortly after the Nazis came to power in 1933 they passed the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service law which required all civil servants to provide proof of their Aryan ancestry and defined "non-Aryan" as a person with one Jewish grandparent. In 1933, the German Interior Ministry official Albert Gorter drafted an official definition of the "Aryan race" for the new law which included all non-Jewish Europeans, this definition was unacceptable by the Nazis. However, Achim Gerke revised Gorter's draft of the Civil Service Law classifying Aryans as people "tribally" related to "German blood". The Nuremberg race laws of 1935 classified as "racially acceptable" people with "German or related blood".

Hitler often doubted whether Czechs were Aryan or not, he said in his table talk "It is enough for a Czech to grow a moustache for anyone to see, from the way the thing droops, that his origin is Mongolian." The question of whether Italians were Aryan enough was questioned by the Nazi racial theorists. Hitler viewed northern Italians as strongly Aryan, but not southern Italians. The Nazis viewed the downfall of the Roman Empire as being the result of the pollution of blood from racial intermixing, claiming that Italians were a hybrid of races, including black African races. Hitler even mentioned his view of the presence of Negroid blood in the Mediterranean peoples during his first meeting with Mussolini in 1934. The definition of "Aryan" remained in constant flux to such an extent that the Nazis questioned whether European ethnic groups such as Finns or Hungarians were to be classified as "Aryans". Hungarians were classified as "tribally alien" but not necessarily "blood alien", in 1934 the Nazis published a pamphlet which declared Magyars (which it did not define) as Aryans. The following year, an article published by the Nazis admitted that there were disputes over the racial status of Hungarians. As late as 1943, there were disputes over whether Hungarians were to be classified as Aryan.
In 1942, Hitler declared that the Finns were "racially related Germanic neighboring peoples", although there is no evidence to suggest that this was based on anything racial.

The idea of the Northern origins of the Aryans was particularly influential in Germany. It was widely believed that the "Vedic Aryans" were ethnically identical to the Goths, Vandals and other ancient Germanic peoples of the Völkerwanderung. This idea was often intertwined with antisemitic ideas. The distinctions between the "Aryan" and "Semitic" peoples were based on the aforementioned linguistic and ethnic history. A complete, highly speculative theory of Aryan and anti-Semitic history can be found in Alfred Rosenberg's major work, The Myth of the Twentieth Century.
Semitic peoples came to be seen as a foreign presence within Aryan societies, and the Semitic peoples were often pointed to as the cause of conversion and destruction of social order and values leading to culture and civilization's downfall by proto-Nazi theorists such as Houston Stewart Chamberlain.

These and other ideas evolved into the Nazi use of the term "Aryan race" to refer to what they saw as being a superior race, which was narrowly defined by the Nazis as being identical with the Nordic race, followed by other sub-races of the Aryan race and excluding Slavs as non-Aryan. They worked to maintain the purity of this race through eugenics programs (including anti-miscegenation legislation, compulsory sterilization of the mentally ill and the mentally deficient, the execution of the institutionalized mentally ill as part of a euthanasia program).

Heinrich Himmler (the Reichsführer of the SS), the person ordered by Adolf Hitler to implement the Final Solution, or the Holocaust, told his personal masseur Felix Kersten that he always carried with him a copy of the ancient Aryan scripture, the Bhagavad Gita because it relieved him of guilt about what he was doing – he felt that like the warrior Arjuna, he was simply doing his duty without attachment to his actions.

Italian Fascism and Aryanism

In a 1921 speech in Bologna, Mussolini stated that "Fascism was born... out of a profound, perennial need of this our Aryan and Mediterranean race". In this speech Mussolini was referring to Italians as being the Mediterranean branch of the Aryan race, Aryan in the meaning of people of an Indo-European language and culture. Italian Fascism emphasized that race was bound by spiritual and cultural foundations, and identified a racial hierarchy based on spiritual and cultural factors. While Italian Fascism based its conception of race on spiritual and cultural factors, Mussolini explicitly rejected notions that biologically "pure" races existed though biology was still considered a relevant factor in race.

Italian Fascism strongly rejected the common Nordicist conception of the Aryan race that idealized "pure" Aryans as having certain physical traits that were defined as Nordic such as blond hair and blue eyes. The antipathy by Mussolini and other Italian Fascists to Nordicism was over the existence of what they viewed as the Mediterranean inferiority complex that they claimed had been instilled into Mediterraneans by the propagation of such theories by German and Anglo-Saxon Nordicists who viewed Mediterranean peoples as racially degenerate and thus in their view inferior. Mussolini refused to allow Italy to return again to this inferiority complex, initially rejecting Nordicism. However traditional Nordicist claims of Mediterraneans being degenerate due to having a darker colour of skin than Nordics had long been rebuked in anthropology through the depigmentation theory that claimed that lighter-skinned peoples had been depigmented from a darker skin, this theory has since become a widely accepted view in anthropology. Anthropologist Carleton S. Coon in his work The Races of Europe (1939) subscribed to depigmentation theory that claimed that the Nordic race's light-coloured skin was the result of depigmentation from their ancestors of the Mediterranean race.

In the early 1930s, with the rise to power of the Nazi Party in Germany and with dictator Adolf Hitler's emphasis on a Nordicist conception of the Aryan race, strong tensions arose between the Fascists and the Nazis over racial issues. In 1934, in the aftermath of Austrian Nazis killing Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss, an ally of Italy, Mussolini became enraged and responded by angrily denouncing Nazism. Mussolini rebuked Nazism's Nordicism, claiming that the Nazis' emphasizing of a common Nordic "Germanic race" was absurd, saying "a Germanic race does not exist. ... We repeat. Does not exist. Scientists say so. Hitler says so." The fact that Germans were not purely Nordic was indeed acknowledged by prominent Nazi racial theorist Hans F. K. Günther in his book Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes (1922) ("Racial Science of the German People"), where Günther recognized Germans as being composed of five Aryan subtype races: Nordic, Mediterranean, Dinaric, Alpine, and East Baltic while asserting that the Nordics were the highest in a racial hierarchy of the five subtypes.

By 1936, the tensions between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany reduced and relations became more amicable. In 1936, Mussolini decided to launch a racial programme in Italy, and was interested in the racial studies being conducted by Giulio Cogni. Cogni was a Nordicist but did not equate Nordic identity with Germanic identity as was commonly done by German Nordicists. Cogni had travelled to Germany where he had become impressed by Nazi racial theory and sought to create his own version of racial theory. On 11 September 1936, Cogni sent Mussolini a copy of his newly published book Il Razzismo (1936). Cogni declared the racial affinity of the Mediterranean and Nordic racial subtypes of the Aryan race and claimed that the intermixing of Nordic Aryans and Mediterranean Aryans in Italy produced a superior synthesis of Aryan Italians. Cogni addressed the issue of racial differences between northern and southern Italians, declaring southern Italians were mixed between Aryan and non-Aryan races, that he claimed was most likely due to infiltration by Asiatic peoples in Roman times and later Arab invasions. As such, Cogni viewed Southern Italian Mediterraneans as being polluted with orientalizing tendencies. He would later change his idea and claim that Nordics and Southern Italians were closely related groups both racially and spiritually. His opinion was that they were generally responsible for what is the best in European civilization. Initially Mussolini was not impressed with Cogni's work, however Cogni's ideas entered into the official Fascist racial policy several years later.

In 1938 Mussolini was concerned that if Italian Fascism did not recognize Nordic heritage within Italians, that the Mediterranean inferiority complex would return to Italian society. Therefore, in summer 1938, the Fascist government officially recognized Italians as having Nordic heritage and being of Nordic-Mediterranean descent. In a meeting with PNF members in June 1938, Mussolini identified himself as Nordic and declared that previous policy of focus on Mediterraneanism was to be replaced by a focus on Aryanism.

The Fascist regime began publication of the racialist magazine La Difesa della Razza in 1938. The Nordicist racial theorist Guido Landra took a major role in the early work of La Difesa, and published the Manifesto of Racial Scientists in the magazine in 1938. The Manifesto received substantial criticism, including its assertion of Italians being a "pure race", as it was viewed as absurd. La Difesa published other theories that described long-term Nordic Aryan amongst Italians, such as the theory that in the Eneolithic age Nordic Aryans arrived to Italy. Many of the writers took up the traditional Nordicist claim that the decline and fall of the Roman Empire was due to the arrival of Semitic immigrants. La Difesas writers were divided on their claims that described how Italians extricated themselves from Semitic influence.

The Nordicist direction of Fascist racial policy was challenged in 1938 by a resurgence of the Mediterraneanist faction in the PNF. By 1939, the Mediterraneanists' advocacy of a nativist racial theory that rejected ascribing the achievements of the Italian people to Nordic peoples. This nativist racial policy was prominently promoted by Ugo Rellini. Rellini rejected the notion of large-scale invasions of Italy by Nordic Aryans in the Eneolithic age, and claimed that Italians were an indigenous people descended from the Cro-Magnons. Rellini claimed that Mediterranean and Nordic peoples arrived later and peacefully intermixed in small numbers with the indigenous Italian population.

In 1941 the PNF's Mediterraneanists through the influence of Giacomo Acerbo put forward a comprehensive definition of the Italian race. However these efforts were challenged by Mussolini's endorsement of Nordicist figures with the appointment of staunch spiritual Nordicist Alberto Luchini as head of Italy's Racial Office in May 1941, as well as with Mussolini becoming interested in Julius Evola's spiritual Nordicism in late 1941. Acerbo and the Mediterraneanists in his High Council on Demography and Race sought to bring the regime back to supporting Mediterraneanism by thoroughly denouncing the pro-Nordicist Manifesto of the Racial Scientists. The Council recognized Aryans as being a linguistic-based group, and condemned the Manifesto for denying the influence of pre-Aryan civilization on modern Italy, saying that the Manifesto "constitutes an unjustifiable and undemonstrable negation of the anthropological, ethnological, and archaeological discoveries that have occurred and are occurring in our country". Furthermore, the Council denounced the Manifesto for "implicitly" crediting Germanic invaders of Italy in the guise of the Lombards for having "a formative influence on the Italian race in a disproportional degree to the number of invaders and to their biological predominance". The Council claimed that the obvious superiority of the ancient Greeks and Romans in comparison with the ancient Germanic tribes made it inconceivable that Italian culture owed a debt to ancient Aryan Germans. The Council denounced the Manifestos Nordicist attitude towards Mediterraneans that it claimed was "considering them as slaves" and was "a repudiation of the entire Italian civilization".

Neo-Nazism and Aryanism

Since the military defeat of Nazi Germany by the Allies in 1945, some neo-Nazis have developed a more inclusive definition of "Aryan", claiming that the peoples of Western Europe are the closest descendants of the ancient Aryans, with Nordic and Germanic peoples being the most "racially pure."

According to Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, many neo-Nazis want to establish an autocratic state modeled after Nazi Germany to be called the Western Imperium. It is believed that this proposed state would be able to attain world domination by combining the nuclear arsenals of the four major Aryan world powers, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Russia under a single military command.

This proposed state would be led by a Führer-like figure called the Vindex, and would include all areas inhabited by the "Aryan race", as conceived by Neo-Nazis. Only those of the Aryan race would be full citizens of the state. The "Western Imperium" would embark on a vigorous and dynamic program of space exploration, followed by the creation by genetic engineering of a super race called Homo Galactica. The concept of the "Western Imperium" as outlined in the previous three sentences is based on the original concept of the Imperium as outlined in the 1947 book Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics by Francis Parker Yockey as further updated, extended and refined in the early 1990s in pamphlets published by David Myatt.

See also

 Ahnenpass
 Aryan Games
 Aryan paragraph
 Aryanization
 Esotericism in Germany and Austria
 Invented tradition
 Ariosophy
 British Israelism
 Christian Identity
 French Israelism
 Master race
 Honorary Aryan
 Nordicism
 Root race
 White supremacy

References
Informational notes

Citations

Bibliography
 Glinka, Lukasz Andrzej. Aryan Unconscious: Archetype of Discrimination, History & Politics. Great Abington, UK: Cambridge International Science Publishing. 2014
 Arvidsson, Stefan. Aryan Idols. The Indo-European Mythology as Science and Ideology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2006

 Poliakov, Leon. The Aryan Myth: A History of Racist and Nationalistic Ideas In Europe New York: Barnes & Noble Books. 1996

 Tilak, Bal Gangadhar (1903) The Arctic Home in the Vedas

Scientific racism
White supremacy

Aryanism


Sprengelia, biljni rod iz porodice vrjesovki smješten u tribus Cosmelieae, dio potporodice Epacridoideae. Rod je raširen po istočnim predjelima  Australija, Tasmaniji i Južnom otoku Novog Zelanda

To su grmovi sa 7 priznatih vrsta.

Vrste
 Sprengelia distichophylla (Rodway) W.M.Curtis
 Sprengelia incarnata Sm.
 Sprengelia minima Crowden
 Sprengelia montana R.Br.
 Sprengelia monticola (A.Cunn. ex DC.) Druce
 Sprengelia propinqua A.Cunn. ex DC.
 Sprengelia sprengelioides (R.Br.) Druce

Sinonimi
 Poiretia Cav.
 Ponceletia R.Br.

Izvori

Epacridoideae

Sprengelia


La famille Moreau est une importante dynastie de sculpteurs français du  originaires de Dijon, en Bourgogne, puis installés à Paris.

Histoire
La dynastie Moreau se compose de :

Jean-Baptiste-Louis-Joseph Moreau, dit Moreau père (Dijon, 1797 - Dijon, 1855), sculpteur statuaire à Dijon, principalement connu pour ses travaux sur les Pleurants des tombeaux des ducs de Bourgogne. Ses trois fils sculpteront de nombreuses allégories et scènes de genre élégantes et gracieuses :

 Mathurin Moreau (Dijon, 1822 - Paris, 1912) ;
 Hippolyte François Moreau (Dijon, 1832 - Neuilly, 1927) ;
 Auguste Moreau (Dijon, 1834 - Malesherbes, 1917) qui a lui-même deux fils ;
 Auguste Moreau dit Louis Auguste Moreau (Paris, 1855 - Montgeron, 1919) ;
 Hippolyte François Moreau dit François Moreau (Paris, 1858- Paris, 1930), élève de son père et de Mathurin Moreau, exposant au Salon des artistes français à partir de 1886, il obtient une mention honorable en 1886 et une médaille de troisième classe en 1889 avec son plâtre La Guêpe, une figure grandeur réelle. François travaille dans l'atelier du 14, rue Pelleport à Paris avec son père et son frère. Il a un fils sculpteur ;
 Edmond Moreau-Sauve (Paris, 1881 - Kemmel, 1914). Élève de son père, d'Hector Lemaire et de Jean Carlus. Il obtient une mention honorable en 1908. Sculpteur de l'œuvre J'attends toujours, ce jeune artiste adepte de l'esthétique Art nouveau, distingué par des prix et commandes de l'État, mourra au combat peu après le déclenchement de la Première Guerre mondiale. Il marque ainsi la fin de cette lignée de sculpteurs.

Les œuvres signées « L & F Moreau », ont parfois entraîné l'illusion qu'il existait deux autres Moreau sculpteurs ; elles correspondent, en fait, aux productions de Louis Auguste et François Moreau, associés.

Production artistique

À l'exception des œuvres de Moreau père, la proximité de style ainsi que les sujets traités au sein de la dynastie est  remarquable. L'étendue du souffle créatif et la diffusion de leurs objets d'art et décoratifs en bronze, marbre, biscuit, régule, classe ces sculpteurs parmi les plus prolifiques de leur époque.

La similitude des prénoms au sein de la famille provoque parfois des erreurs d'attribution et de surcroît les pièces ne portent pas toujours l'indication de prénom. Enfin, il faut signaler également la présence significative de faux, reproductions récentes imitant imparfaitement œuvres et signatures Moreau, circulant sur le marché de l'art.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
 .

Liens externes
 « La famille Moreau une dynastie de sculpteurs » sur politiqart.com.
  « French sculptor Moreau, a masterpiece of art in the 19th century » sur inf.news.

Sculpteur français du XIXe siècle
Sculpteur français du XXe siècle
Famille française
Famille de Bourgogne

Famille Moreau


Poison Ivy é uma canção popular da dupla de compositores americanos Jerry Leiber e Mike Stoller, que virou sucesso ao ser gravada originalmente pelo grupo The Coasters em 1959. Ela alcançou o primeiro lugar na parada de R&B, a sétima posição na parada Billboard Hot 100 e a 15ª posição no Reino Unido. Este foi o terceiro hit entre os dez primeiros daquele ano, depois de "Charlie Brown" e "Along Came Jones".

A música foi gravada por inúmeros artistas ao longo dos anos, sendo a versão mais famosa a dos The Rolling Stones. No Brasil, a música ganhou uma versão em português, intitulada "Erva Venenosa", que virou sucesso na voz de Rita Lee.

Composição

Letra
A música fala sobre uma garota conhecida como "Poison Ivy". Ela é comparada ao sarampo, caxumba, varicela, resfriado comum e tosse convulsa, mas é considerada pior, porque "Poison Ivy, Senhor, vai te fazer coçar". De acordo com o letrista Jerry Leiber, "Puro e simples, `Poison Ivy` é uma metáfora para uma doença sexualmente transmissível". Em sua autobiografia Hound Dog: The Leiber and Stoller Autobiography, Leiber e Stoller admitem que a música é sobre uma garota com uma doença venérea, daí: 'Você pode olhar, mas é melhor não tocar'. A música também faz referências a outras flores, como uma rosa e uma margarida.

Desempenho nas pparadas Musicais

Singles de 1959
Canções gravadas por The Rolling Stones

Poison Ivy (canção)


"Best Prom Ever" es el episodio número 20 de la primera temporada de How I Met Your Mother. Se transmitió el 1 de mayo de 2006 en los Estados Unidos. Tuvo la menor audiencia de la primera temporada (7.24 millones).

Trama
Al comienzo del episodio, Marshall descubre que la ubicación donde él y Lily deben tener la boda, Van Smoot House, tiene un lugar para poder casarse. Se apuran para tener una cita, y esto hace que la boda sea en dos meses. Lily se estresa por el poco tiempo.

Marshall encuentra una banda para la boda, The 88, pero Lily no quiere aprobarla hasta que escuchen su canción ("Good Feeling" por Violet Femmes). La única manera de escucharlos es ir a una graduación donde estarán tocando. Lily decide ir al baile con Robin y Barney. Robin está emocionada, ya que nunca fue a una graduación, ya que estaba muy ocupada con competencias de hockey. Cuando llegan, encuentran a un guardia de seguridad, así que Lily y Robin ofrecen ser las citas de dos nerds, mientras Barney trata de encontrar otra manera de entrar.

Mientras tanto, Ted y Marshall están haciendo las invitaciones de la boda en su "noche de hombres" hasta que Robin llama a Marshall y le pide que traiga los acordes para la canción.

Ted y Marshall entran por la puerta de atrás, y encuentran a Barney vestido de tortuga. Marshall y Lily bailan mientras la música suena, y se ponen de acuerdo con que The 88 toque para su boda, mientras Ted baila con Robin, quien quiere tratar de reanudar su amistad.

Música
 The Verve Pipe - "The Freshmen"
 The 88 - "Hide Another Mistake"
 The 88 - "Head Cut Off"
 Violent Femmes - "Good Feeling"
 The 88 - "Good Feeling"

Referencias culturales
 Barney hace referencia a la película Thelma & Louise.

Referencias

Episodios de How I Met Your Mother

Best Prom Ever


Dvorac Keglević naziv je dvorca koji se nalazi u općini Lobor u Hrvatskom zagorju i zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Dvorac Lobor smješten je izvan istoimenog naselja u nizini, uz cestu koja vodi prema Zlataru. Izgradnju dvorca započela je obitelj Keglević krajem 16. ili početkom 17. stoljeća kada napušta svoj Lobor - grad. Današnji oblik četverokrilng dvorca s dvorištem u sredini poprima u 18.stoljeću, kada s dvama postojećim krilima dograđuju nova dva troetažna krila. Glavno pročelje dvokatnog dvorca raščlanjeno je pilastrima i naglašeno altanom na četiri para stupova. S dvorišne strane duž hodnika nižu se arkade. U sklopu dvora nalazi se kapela s drvenim zvonikom. Dvorac se ubraja među istaknutije primjere feudalne barokne arhitekture Hrvatskog zagorja.

Arhitektura
Četverokrilna građevina sa zatvorenim unutarnjim dvorištem ima tlocrt blago izduženog pravokutnika. Tri krila dvorca su dvokatna, a istočno spojno krilo je jednokatno. S vanjske strane mu je prigrađena dvorska kapela koja svojim volumenom poligonalna zaključka izlazi iz osnovne linije njegova gabarita. Zapadno krilo je neznatno uvučeno pa završetci sjevernog i južnog krila koji ga obrubljuju tvore njegove rubne rizalitne istake. Sva krovišta su dvostrešna. Iz središnjeg dijela krovišta istočnog krila, pred kapelom, izdiže se drveni toranj sa satom, zaključen šiljatom kapom.  Organizacija prostora u tri dominantna krila ostvaruje se nizovima prostorija duž vanjskih perimetralnih zidova s pristupom iz uzdužnih hodnika koji su orijentirani prema središnjem dvorištu. Istočno vezno krilo sastoji se od hodnika u dvije etaže iz kojih se pristupa kapeli koja je naknadno prigrađena. Ulazna veža smještena je u središtu južnoga krila. Hodnici starijeg sjevernog krila imaju arkade na toskanskim stupovima, u prizemlju naknadno zazidane. Sličan se koncept ponavlja kod istočnog veznog krila koje ima arkade na toskanskim stupovima u katnoj etaži. Hodnici novijih krila (zapadnog i južnog) rastvoreni su pravokutnim prozorima prema dvorištu.

Prizemlje stražnjeg sjevernog krila svođeno je bačvastim svodom duboko zasječenim susvodnicama, a hodnik prema dvorištu kao i hodnik veznog istočnog krila križno-bačvastim svodom. Prostorije južnog i zapadnog krila također imaju bačvaste svodove, dok su im hodnici zaključeni nizovima čeških svodova.Ulazna veža svođena je dvočlanim češkim svodom. Prostorije prvog kata sjevernog krila svođene su križno-bačvastim i bačvastim svodovima, dok su prostorije južnog i zapadnog krila svođene koritastim svodovima. Prostorije drugoga kata svih krila stropno su završene. Hodnici ponavljaju svodne konstrukcije donjih etaža.

Oblikovanje pročelja određeno je trakama rustike u prizemnoj zoni koja se doima kao rustična baza reprezentativnoj katnoj zoni koja je vertikalno povezana i naglašena lezenama koje obuhvaćaju oba kata. Glavno južno pročelje naglašeno je plitkim središnjim četveroosnim rizalitom na kojem je koncentrirana barokna plastika. Umjesto lezena ovdje se koriste pilastri s ovješenim girlandicama na kapitelnim volutama, a okviri prozora i vrata prvoga kata naglašeni su razgibanim nadstrešnicama s rastvorenim školjkama. U parapetnim zonama prozora prvoga kata ponavlja se motiv baroknog lambrekena u plitkoj plastici kao na prozorima bočnih zona. Tijekom prve polovice 19. stoljeća u širini rizalita dograđena je altana na četiri para toskanskih stupova s klasicističkom kovano-željeznom ogradom. Kapela Presvetog Trojstva ima zidni oslik s prikazima četiri evanđelista u medaljonima i iluzionistički oltar koji potječu iz vremena izgradnje kapele u 19. stoljeću. Na svodu glavne dvorane na prvom katu južnog krila očuvan je oslik mitološkog sadržaja, relativno skromne umjetničke vrijednosti. Prostorije kata i prizemlja pregrađivane su radi prilagodbe potrebama doma za starije osobe. Drvena stolarija i podne obloge su tom prilikom također mijenjane.

Perivoj
Pred južnim ulaznim krilom dvorca početkom 19. stoljeća bio je uređen manji perivoj geometrijske organizacije s visokim raslinjem i dvije oranžerije, postavljene obostrano uz južno pročelje. Ova je zona preuređena početkom 20. stoljeća pri čemu su uklonjene oranžerije, a ortogonalna kompozicija zamijenjena je uvođenjem dijagonalnih staza koje povezuju dvorac s novoizgrađenim pomoćnim sadržajima.

Današnje stanje
Građevinsko stanje je relativno dobro jer je dvorac kontinuirano u funkciji te se redovito održava. Nedavno je popravljen krov, zamijenjen je dio prozorske stolarije na vanjskim pročeljima. Dvorska kapela, naročito zidni oslici, imaju oštećenja zbog prisutnosti kapilarne vlage. Neznatne štete u vidu manjih pukotina na pročeljima i u unutrašnjosti na spojevima zidova i stropova drugog kata nastale su u nedavnom potresu od 22.3.2020.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-1905 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "profana graditeljska baština".

Literatura
Reprezentativna stambena arhitektura kontinentalne Hrvatske – Lobor. Ministarstvo kulture RH. Pristupljeno 15. srpnja 2020.

Izvori

Zaštićene stambene građevine u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji
Dvorci u Hrvatskoj
Povijest Hrvatskog zagorja

Dvorac Keglević


Piloto automático é o terceiro álbum de estudo do cantor cubano Diego Gutiérrez. Mostra, como os anteriores trabalhos de Gutiérrez, grande variedade e versatilidade dos gêneros musicais, que vão do pop-rock à música latinoamericana, com uma mistura e fusão de música cubana, Nova Trova e folk.

Produção
Este álbum foi gravado nos Estudos Abdala (Havana, Cuba), com uma produção musical baseada nos arranjos de Emilio Martiní e um formato variável de músicos, escolhidos segundo a variedade genérica do disco. Piloto automático representou uma volta aos temas reflexivos e nostálgicos, ainda que há vários temas com um ar e espírito mas optimistas.

Lista de faixas

Pessoal
Voz, guitarra acústica e coros: Diego Gutiérrez

Guitarra, guitarra acústica e coros: Emilio Martiní

Teclados e programações: Emilio Martiní

Baixo eléctrico track 1: Jan Cruz

Contrabajo em track 6: Gastón Jóia

Baixo eléctrico e Contrabajo nos demais temas: David Faya

Bateria: Otto Santana

Piano acústico em tracks 4, 5 e 6: Miguel Ángel de Armas

Percussão menor e misceláneas: Yosvany Betancourt

Saxofón em track 6: Jamil Scherry

Violín em tema 8: Jelien Baseio

Quena em track 5: Rodrigo Sosa

Coros nos tracks 1, 2, 4 e 5: Merlin Lorenzo, Rubiel Martin e Elisabeth Padrón

Segundas vozes em tracks 1, 3, 5, 7 e 9

Convidado na casa volta-se contra mim: David Torrens

Samples em track 3: ¨The Beatles ´´Lucy in the sky with diamonds¨¨

Produção musical: Emilio Martiní e Diego Gutiérrez

Produção executiva: Brenda Besada

Gravação: Ing. Daelsis Pena

Pós-Produção: Ing. Merlin Lorenzo

Mixing: Ing. Jose Raúl Varona

Mastering: Ing. Orestes Águila

Fotos: Alejandro Azcuy

Arte do álbum: Juan Carlos Viera

Ligações externas

 Piloto automático em Discogs

 Piloto automático em Rate Your Music

Álbuns em língua castelhana
Álbuns de 2018
Álbuns de músicos de Cuba

Piloto automático (álbum)


Oren Ethelbirt Long (March 4, 1889 – May 6, 1965) was an American politician who served as the tenth Territorial Governor of Hawaii from 1951 to 1953. A member of the Democratic Party of Hawaii, Long was appointed to the office after the term of Ingram Stainback. After statehood was achieved he served in the United States Senate, one of the first two, along with Hiram Fong, to represent Hawaii in that body. Long was the only non-Asian American U.S. Senator from Hawaii until the appointment of Brian Schatz to the position in 2012.

Life and career
Long was born in Altoona, Kansas and attended Johnson Bible College in Knoxville, Tennessee, the University of Michigan, and Columbia University in New York City. He first came to Hawaii in 1917 as a social worker in Hilo. He then held various educational positions in the public school system, eventually serving as a superintendent from 1933 to 1946. He was appointed Governor of the Territory of Hawaii by President of the United States Harry Truman in 1951 and served until 1953. Long served in the Hawaii Territorial Senate from 1956-1959.

On July 28, 1959 he was elected to one of the two Senate seats from the newly formed State of Hawaii, and took office on August 21, 1959. The other Senator elected was Republican Hiram Fong. Long chose not to run for a full six-year term in 1962, and was succeeded by fellow Democrat and then-Rep. Daniel Inouye, in January 1963.

For his entire tenure Long was Hawaii's Senior Senator, as he took office the same day with fellow Senator from new state, Hiram Fong (with Long having a seniority edge due to being former Governor)

Long appeared as a contestant on What's My Line? shortly after taking office.  One of the panellists Bennett Cerf recognised him immediately and disqualified himself from the round.  After three rounds of questioning, the rest of the panel successfully guessed him to be the senator from Hawaii.

He died in 1965 after suffering an attack of asthmatic bronchitis  in Honolulu, Hawaii and was buried in Oahu Cemetery.

Long's papers are stored at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in their Catalog for Archival Materials.

References

External links

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1889 births
1965 deaths
20th-century American politicians
American Disciples of Christ
Burials at Oahu Cemetery
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Democratic Party United States senators from Hawaii
Governors of the Territory of Hawaii
Hawaii Democrats
Johnson University alumni
People from Altoona, Kansas
University of Michigan alumni

Oren E. Long


A Supercopa Italiana de Voleibol Masculino de 1996 foi a 1ª edição desta competição organizada pela Lega Pallavolo Serie A, consórcio de clubes filiado à Federação Italiana de Voleibol (FIPAV) que ocorreu em 22 de setembro.

O Piemonte Volley conquistou o título inaugural desta competição ao derrotar o Sisley Volley por 3 sets a 1.

Regulamento
O torneio foi disputado em partida única.

Equipes participantes

Resultado
|}

Premiação

Ligações externas

Supercopa Italiana de Voleibol Masculino
1996 no voleibol
Desporto na Itália em 1996


فور إم فرقة غنائية مصرية أسسها الفنان عزت أبو عوف مع شقيقاته: منى، مها، منال وميرفت في نهاية السبعينيات وقدمت العديد من الأغاني والألبومات وحققت نجاح ملحوظ وقتها.

بعد التغير انضمت لهم مريم بديلة عن منى التي تزوجت وابتعدت في وقتها في العام 1979 وكان يقومون بالبروفات في بدرووم بيتهم بالزمالك، أحدثت الفرقة دوياً هائلاً حتى على المستوى العربى ولكنها تراجعت تماماً فيبداية التسعينيات حتى توقفت، وقد أرجع أبو عوف عدم استمرار الفرقة لطبيعة الحياة واختلاف الظروف الشخصية لكل عضو في الفرقة.

انضم إليها الفنان محمد فؤاد بعد تعرفه علي الدكتور عزت أبو عوف عقب حفل بنادي الشمس عام 1982 وغني معهم سلطان زماني ومتغربين.

شاركت الفرقة في مسرحية عشرة على باب الوزير. وكان آخر ظهور لهم سويًّا في برنامج بيت العائلة باستضافة نجوى إبراهيم عام 2016.

تأسيس الفرقة
قبل تأسيس الفرقة، كان أبو عوف عضواً في أشهر فرقة للموسيقى الغربية في مصر وهي «بلاك كوتس» ومؤسسها إسماعيل الحكيم ابن الكاتب الكبير توفيق الحكيم. وكان من أعضائها عازف الجيتار عمر خورشيد، ومجدي الحسيني، وطلعت زين. وانهارت الفرقة بعد وفاة إسماعيل الحكيم.

بدأ عزت أبو عوف بتكوين فرقة «فور ام» بعد انهيار «بلاك كوتس» واعتمد على عنصر النساء على غرار «بوني أم» الغربية المعروفة، وكون عزت أبو عوف الفرقة بمشاركة شقيقاته الأربعة وهن: منى مواليد 1955، ومها مواليد سنة 1957، ومنال مواليد سنة 1959، وميرفت مواليد 1961، وكلهن خريجات الجامعة الأمريكية.

كان والدهما هو الموسيقار أحمد شفيق أبو عوف وكان قد واجه صعوبة لإقناع والده نظراً لأنه ضابط بالجيش معروف عنه الجدية الشديدة، ولكن بعد أن شاهد بروفة لهم استطاعوا إقناعه باحتراف الغناء.

البومات فرقة الفور إم

انظر أيضاً

 فرقة النهار
 فرقة المصريين
 فرقة الأصدقاء
فرقة رضا
 فرقة طيبة

المصادر

وصلات خارجية
 لقاء مع فرقة الفور إم في 1984
 صور وتسجيلات نادرة: من هي فرقة الـ«فور إم» التي ظهرت في إعلان «بيبسي»؟
 كليب بيت الشعر
 كليب الوله ده
 الليلة الكبيرة
 طل الحليوة
 أنا كل ما أقول التوبة
 خلي الستارة

فرق غنائية مصرية
فرق موسيقية عربية

فور إم


රෙක්කෛ කට්ටි පරක්කුදු මනසු (දෙමළ: றெக்கை கட்டி பறக்குது மனசு) යනු ඉන්දියානු දෙමළ-භාෂා රූපවාහිනී සෝප් ඔපෙරාවකි. මෙහි ප්‍රධාන රචිත නිරූපණය රකන්නේ සිද්ධාර්ත් සහ සමීරා විසිනි. සෑම සතියේ දිනකම ප.ව. 9:30ට (IST) සී තමිල් නාළිකාව ඔස්සේ මෙය විකාශය වේ. මෙහි පළමු කථාංගය 2017 ජූනි 19 විකාශය විය.

මෙම වැඩසටහන නිෂ්පාදනය කරන්නේ සයිද් අන්වර් සහ සමීරා ෂෙරීෆ් විසිනි. මෙය 2016 වර්ෂයේ සී මරාඨි නාළිකාවෙන් විකාශය වූ තුජ්හ්‍යාත් ජීව් රංගාලා නම් මරාඨි-භාෂා රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලාවේ ප්‍රතිනිර්මාණයකි.

කථාපුවත
ප්‍රේම වෘත්තාන්ත කතාමාලවක් වන මෙමගින් ගොවියකු සහ මල්ලව පොර ශිල්පියකු වන තමිල් (සිද්ධාර්ත්) සහ අලුතෙන් ගම්මානයට පැමිණෙන උගත් පාසල් ගුරුවරියක වන මලර් (සමීරා) අතර ඇතිවන ප්‍රේමය නිරූපණය වේ. ඔවුන්‍ගේ වෙනස් අදහස්, ජීවන රටාවන් සහ චර්යාවන් හේතුවෙන් කථාව තවත් රසවත් මෙන්ම සංකීර්ණ ද වී ඇත.

චරිත නිරූපණය
වර්තමාන
 සිද්ධාර්ත්, තමිල් ලෙස
 සමීරා, මලර් ලෙස
 ශාන්ති විලියම්ස්, තයාරම්මා ලෙස (තමිල් සහ ශක්තිව රැකබලාගන්නා තැනැත්තියයි) (කථාංගය 41 සිට)
 ශ්‍රීලතා, ධනලක්ෂ්මී ලෙස (තමිල්ගේ මව)
 අශ්වින් කාර්තික්, ශක්ති ලෙස (තමිල්ගේ බාල සොහොයුරා)
 වන්දනා, නන්දිනී ලෙස (ශක්තිගේ බිරිඳ)
 දීපා, ගංගා ලෙස (න්නදිනීගේ සේවිකාව)
 රාගවී රේණු, කාජල් ලෙස (මලර්ගේ හොඳම මිතුරිය)
 කේ. සංකරනාරායණන්, විශ්වනාතන් ලෙස (මලර්ගේ පියා)
 ශීලා (මලර්ගේ මව)
 අරිවු අලගන් තමිල්ගේ හොඳම මිතුරා ලෙස
 කාර්ති
 ? අශාන් ලෙස
 ? මාරි ලෙස

හිටපු
 වඩිවුක්කරසි, තයාරම්මා ලෙස (කථාංග 1 සිට 36 දක්වා)

නළුවරණය
මෙහි ප්‍රධාන චරිතය වන තමිල්ගේ චරිතය වෙනුවෙන් එන් පෙයර් මීනාක්ෂි, ඔෆිස් වැනි කතාමාලාවලින් කීර්තියට පත් සිද්ධාර්ත් තෝරාගැනිණි. සිද්ධාර්ත් නැවත රංගනයේ යෙදෙන්නේ වසර දෙකකට පසුවයි. පගල් නිලවු කතාමාලාව හේතුවෙන් ප්‍රකට වූ සමීරා මෙහි මලර්ගේ චරිතය සඳහා තෝරාගැනිණි.

දෙමළ බසින් ප්‍රතිනිර්මාණය වූ ප්‍රථම මරාඨි-භාෂා කතාමාලාව මෙයයි. මෙය වඩිවුක්කරසි සහ ශ්‍රීලතා යන නිළියන් රංගනයෙන් දායක වූ ප්‍රථම සී තමිල් කතාමාලාවයි. එසේම මෙය සමීරාගේ දෙවන දෙමළ කතාමාලාව ද වේ.

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

බාහිර සබැඳි
 සී තමිල් නිල වෙබ්අඩවිය
 යූටියුබ් තුළ සී තමිල්
 සී එන්ටර්ටේන්මන්ට් එන්ටර්ප්‍රයිසස් ලිමිටඩ්
 එසෙල් සමූහය
 රෙක්කෛ කට්ටි පරක්කුදු මනසු කතාමාලා‍වේ සම්පූර්ණ කථාංග නරඹන්න

සී තමිල් රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා
දෙමළ රූපවාහිනී සෝප් ඔපෙරා
දෙමළ ප්‍රේම වෘත්තාන්ත රූඵවාහිනී කතාමාලා
තමිල් නාඩු නාට්‍ය රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා
2010 දශකයේ දෙමළ රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා
2017 දෙමළ-භාෂා රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා ඇරඹීම්
දෙමළ-භාෂා රූපවාහිනී වැඩසටහන්කරණය
රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා

රෙක්කෛ කට්ටි පරක්කුදු මනසු


Karolos Papulyas (, 4 Haziran 1929, Yanya - 26 Aralık 2021, Atina), Yunanistan'ın 6. cumhurbaşkanıdır.

1929 yılında Yanya'da Tümgeneral Gregoryos Papulyas'ın oğlu olarak dünyaya geldi. Atina Üniversitesi, Milano Üniversitesi'nde Hukuk okudu. Köln Üniversitesi'nde doktorasını yaptı. Naziler karşısında kurulan direniş hareketine katıldı.

1967 yılında yapılan darbe sırasında Batı Almanya'da bulunmaktaydı. Yunanları cunta karşısında seferber eden Sosyal Demokratlar Birliği'nin kurucu üyelerinden biri oldu. Demokrasi yeniden tesis olunduktan sonra Aralık 1974 tarihinde PASOK'un merkez komitesine seçildi. Akdeniz İlerici ve Sosyalist Partiler Koordinasyon Komitesi üyeliği yaptı. 1977 yılında Yanya'dan milletvekili seçilerek bu görevini aralıksız 2004 yılına kadar sürdürdü. 1981-1989 yılları ve 1993-1996 yılları arasında Başbakan Andreas Papandreu hükûmetlerinde dışişleri bakanlığı ve başbakan yardımcılığı görevinde bulundu. 1989-1990 arası Başbakan Ksenofon Zolotas'ın kurduğu ulusal birlik hükûmetinde Savunma Bakan yardımcısı olarak görev yaptı. Kostas Simitis'in başbakanlığı döneminde Yunan Parlamentosu Dışişleri ve Savunma Komitesi başkanlığı yaptı. Uzun Dışişleri Bakanlığı devrinde Filistin sorununda anahtar rol oynadı. Türk-Yunan ilişkileri bağlamında 1988 yılında 12 eski Türk dışişleri bakanıyla görüşerek normalleşme sürecinin önemli bir adımı olarak Papulyas-Yılmaz Memorandumu'nu yayımladı. İkinci bakanlığı sırasında Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti'nin AB üyeliği için çaba gösterdi. 1988 yılında Balkan ülkeleri dışişleri bakanları toplantısını düzenledi. Arnavutluk ile ilişkileri düzene koyarak bu ülke ile yıllardır süren anlaşmazlığı sonlandırdı.

12 Aralık 2004 tarihinde iki büyük partinin lideri Kostas Karamanlis ve Yorgo Papandreu'nun buluşmaları sonrası cumhurbaşkanı adayı olarak gösterildi. 300 üyeli mecliste 279 oyla cumhurbaşkanlığına seçildi. Aynı şekilde 2010 Şubat ayında iki partinin uzlaşması sonucu yeniden 266 oyla 5 yıl için cumhurbaşkanı seçildi. 13 Mart 2015 tarihinde görevini yeni seçilen cumhurbaşkanı Prokopis Pavlopulos'a devretti.

İtalyanca, Almanca ve Fransızca bilmekte olup evli ve üç çocuk babasıdır. Papulyas 26 Aralık 2021'de başkent Atina'da 92 yaşında hayatını kaybetti. Ölümünün ardından Yunanistan hükûmeti tarafından üç gün ulusal yas ilan edildi.

Kaynakça

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1929 doğumlular
Yanya doğumlular
2021 yılında ölenler
Yunanistan cumhurbaşkanları
Yunanistan dışişleri bakanları
Atina'da ölenler
Yunan Direnişi üyeleri
Milano Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler
Köln Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler
Panhelenik Sosyalist Hareket mensubu siyasetçiler

Karolos Papulias


Baron Nunburnholme, of the City of Kingston-upon-Hull, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1906 for the former Liberal Member of Parliament for Hull and Hull West, Charles Wilson. His son, the second Baron, also represented Hull West in Parliament as a Liberal and served as Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire between 1908 and 1924. The title descended from father to son until the death of the second Baron's grandson, the fourth Baron, in 1999. The late Baron was succeeded by his younger brother, the fifth Baron.  the title is held by the latter's son, the sixth Baron, who succeeded in 2000.

Barons Nunburnholme (1906)
Charles Henry Wilson, 1st Baron Nunburnholme (1833–1907)
Charles Henry Wellesley Wilson, 2nd Baron Nunburnholme (1875–1924)
Charles John Wilson, 3rd Baron Nunburnholme (1904–1974)
Ben Charles Wilson, 4th Baron Nunburnholme (1928–1998)
Charles Thomas Wilson, 5th Baron Nunburnholme (1935–2000)
Stephen Charles Yanath Wilson, 6th Baron Nunburnholme (b. 1973)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son, the Hon. Charles Taiyo Christobal Wilson (b. 2002).

Male-line family tree

Notes

References

Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1906
Noble titles created for UK MPs

Baron Nunburnholme


Une fleur de glace est une structure qui se forme, par temps froid, autour de certaines tiges par gel du liquide qui s'en échappe dans ces conditions. Le processus est continu, ce qui conduit à la formation de rubans de glace autour de la tige évoquant des pétales. Ce phénomène est également connu sous le nom de « fleur de givre » ou de « ruban de glace ».

Présentation
Lorsqu'il gèle fortement, des fleurs d'un blanc immaculé, figées autour des tiges des plantes peuvent apparaître en l'espace de quelques minutes. Il ne s'agit pas de pétales, mais de glace. En Amérique du Nord, ce phénomène est observable en pleine nuit ou au lever du jour. Les premières photos de fleurs de glace (également appelées rubans de glace ou fleurs de givre) ont fait surface assez récemment, grâce aux smartphones car le phénomène est très rarement prévisible. Les premières observations écrites de fleurs de glace ont cependant été faites en 1833, dans les textes du philosophe, physicien et météorologue, John Frederick William Herschel .

Autres évocations

Océanographie
Le terme évoque également des cristaux de glace que l'on trouve couramment sur la jeune glace de mer et la glace de lac mince dans des conditions froides et calmes. Les cristaux de glace ressemblent au givre et poussent généralement en plaques d'environ  de diamètre

Si la température de l'air chute en dessous de , des « pétales » pointus peuvent surgir en quelques heures dans ce qui apparait comme des immenses champs de fleurs gelées. L'océanographe biologique Jeff Bowman les soupçonne d'abriter des micro-organismes marins.

Jeux vidéo
Le terme est également utilisé dans l'univers des jeux vidéo de Mario et Super Mario, la fleur de glace permettant au personnage de gagner des pouvoirs supplémentaires (lancer des boules de glace ou geler son environnement).

Références

Articles connexes

Généralités
Gel (phénomène météorologique)
Gelée blanche
Point de gelée
Rosée
Givre

Autres phénomènes
Cheveux de glace
Brinicle
Pipkrake
Pénitents de neige

Liens externes

Givre
Géomorphologie en milieu périglaciaire

Fleur de glace


Krymsk (em russo: Крымск) é uma cidade no Krai de Krasnodar, Rússia.

Demografia
A cidade possui uma população de 57.927 segundo o censo russo de 2020, apresentando numero similar aos registrados anteriormente de 57.382 habitantes no censo de 2010. Anteriomente, a municipalidade apresentava crescimento demográfico, tendo em 1989 apenas 50.893 habitantes.

História
Fundada em 1858 como a fortaleza e stanitsa de Krymskaya (Кры́мская), o aldeamento foi batizado em homenagem ao Regimento Cossaco da Criméia. e recebeu seu nome atual apenas um século depois, em 1958. A estação ferroviária da cidade, no entanto, mantém o nome Krymskaya.

Cidades do krai de Krasnodar

Krymsk


L'huile de noyau de cerise est une huile extraite de l'endocarpe des cerises.

Elle est utilisée comme aromatisant en cuisine, comme parfum et comme ingrédient dans les cosmétiques, notamment dans le rouge à lèvres.

Brunâtre après extraction, cette huile prend, après purification, une couleur dorée pâle. Elle dégage une odeur de noisette.

Notes et références

Références

Bibliographie

  94 pages.

Huile alimentaire
Huile végétale
Cerise

Huile de noyau de cerise


Oliveira do Douro Portekiz'de Vila Nova de Gaia belediyesine bağlı olan, 6,72 km² yüzölçümüne sahip, 23.384 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Vila Nova de Gaia'nın bucakları

Oliveira do Douro (Vila Nova de Gaia)


الإمبراطور نينتوكو  هو الإمبراطور السادس عشر في اليابان حسب قائمة أباطرة اليابان. لا يوجد أي تواريخ محددة عن فترة حياته أو حكمه. ولكن يعتقد أن فترة حكمه كانت في أواخر القرن الرابع الميلادي وأوائل القرن الخامس.

انظر أيضًا
 إمبراطور اليابان
 قائمة أباطرة اليابان

مصادر

أباطرة اليابان
سنة الوفاة غير معروفة
سنة الولادة غير معروفة
ملكيون في آسيا في القرن 4
ملكيون يابانيون في القرن 4

الإمبراطور نينتوكو


KCIE may refer to:

 Knight Commander, one of the ranks of the Order of the Indian Empire
 KCIE (FM), a radio station (90.5 FM) licensed to Dulce, New Mexico, United States

KCIE


An Cynorkis villosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Robert Allen Rolfe. An Cynorkis villosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cynorkis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Madagascar. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Cynorkis

Cynorkis villosa


අපෘෂ්ඨවංශීන් යනු කශේරුකාවක් රහිත සත්ත්වයන්ටය. සියලු සත්ත්ව විශේෂ වලින් 95% ක් ම මෙම කාණ්ඩයට අයත් වෙයි. එනම් කෝඩේටා වංශයෙහි උප වංශයක් වන වර්ටෙබ්රේටා වලට අයත් වන සතුන් (මත්ස්‍යයන්, උභයජීවීන්,උරගයන්, පක්ෂීන් හා ක්ෂීරපායින්) හැර අන් සියලුම සතුන්.අපෘෂ්ඨවංශීන් සියල්ලෝම පොදු පරිණාමි පූර්වජයෙකුගෙන් හෝ පූර්වජයන් කණ්ඩායමකින් පැවත ආවද එම පූර්වජයන් කාණ්ඩයෙන් පැවත එන සියලුම ජීවින් මෙම කාණ්ඩයට අයත් නොවෙති.( paraphyletic) පොදු පූර්වජයා බහු සෛලිය , යූකැරියෝටික ජීවියෙක් ලෙස ගත් කල කෝඩේටා වංශයේ උප වංශ ත්‍රිත්වයෙන් Urochordata හා Cephalochordata යන උප වංශ දෙක ද ඇතුළුව, අන්තර්ගත සියලුම වංශ අපෘෂ්ඨවංශීන් වෙති. These two, plus all the other known invertebrates, have only one cluster of Hox genes, while the vertebrates have duplicated their original cluster more than once.Within palaeozoology and palaeobiology, invertebrates are often studied within the fossil discipline called invertebrate palaeontology.

ඉතිහාසය
කාල් ලිනෙයස් විසින් මෙම ජීවින් වෙන් කරන ලද්දේ කණ්ඩායම් දෙකකට පමණි. එනම් ඉන්සෙක්ටා(කෘමින්) හා දැනට අවශිෂ්ට පණුවන්(vermes) ලෙසය.
1973 දී Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle හි "Curator of Insecta and Vermes" තනතුරට පත් කරනු ලැබූ ජාන් බැප්ටිස්ට් ලැමාර්ක් විසින් මෙම ජීවින් විස්තර කිරීමට "අපෘෂ්ඨවංශීන්" යන යෙදුම ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලදී. තවදුරටත් ඔහු විසින් මූලික වශයෙන් බෙදා තිබූ කාණ්ඩ දෙක , කාණ්ඩ දහයක් දක්වා බෙදන ලදී. එනම් ලිනේයස්ගේ ඉන්සෙක්ටා කාණ්ඩයෙන් ඇරැක්නීඩා හා ක්‍රස්ටේශියා ද ලිනේයස්ගේ vermes කාණ්ඩයෙන් මොලුස්කා, ඇනෙලිඩා, Cirripedia, රේඩියාටා, සීලන්ට්‍රේටා හා Infusoria ද විභේදනය කරන ලදී. වර්තමානයේදී මොවුන් මුහුදු ස්පොන්ජින්, පැතලි පණුවන් වැනි සරල ජීවින්ගේ සිට ආත්‍රෝපෝඩා, මොලුස්කා වැනි සංකීර්ණ ජීවින් දක්වා වංශ 30 කට අධික සංක්‍යාවකට වර්ගීකරණය කර ඇත.

වංශ හා ඒවායෙහි සුලභ නිදසුන්

 Acanthocephala
 Acoelomorpha
 Annelida – segmented worms (earthworms, leeches, polychaetes)
 සන්ධිපාදිකයින්(ආත්‍රෝපෝඩා) – insects, arachnids, crustaceans
 Brachiopoda
 Bryozoa
 Chaetognatha
 Cnidaria – ලොඩියන්, කොරල්, මුහුදු ඇනිමනි, hydras
 Ctenophora – comb jellies
 Cycliophora
 Echinodermata – starfishes, sea urchins
 Entoprocta
 Gastrotricha
 Gnathostomulida
 Hemichordata
 Kinorhyncha
 Loricifera
 Micrognathozoa
 මෘද්වංශීන්[(මොලුස්කා) – squid, snails, bivalves
 නෙමටෝඩා – roundworms
 Nemertea – ribbon worms
 Onychophora
 Phoronida
 Platyhelminthes – පැතලි පනුවන්
 Porifera – ස්පොන්ජින්
 Priapulida
 Rotifera
 Sipuncula
 Tardigrada
 Xenoturbellida

මේවාත් බලන්න
 සාමුද්‍රික අපෘෂ්ඨවංශීන්

ආශ්‍රිත

වැඩිදුර කියැවීම්
 Hyman, L. H. 1940. The Invertebrates (6 volumes) New York : McGraw-Hill. A classic work.
 Anderson, D. T. (Ed.). (2001). Invertebrate zoology (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 Brusca, R. C., & Brusca, G. J. (2003). Invertebrates (2nd ed.). Sunderland, Mass. : Sinauer Associates.
 Miller, S.A., & Harley, J.P. (1996). Zoology (4th ed.). Boston: WCB/McGraw-Hill.

 Ruppert, E. E., Fox, R. S., & Barnes, R. D. (2004). Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach. Belmont, CA: Thomas-Brooks/Cole.

බාහිර යොමු

 Support for endangered invertebrates
 African Invertebrates

සත්තු
Paleontology
Zoology

අපෘෂ්ඨවංශීන්


Menschen er en eksperimentalfilm instrueret af Ulrik Al Brask, Frants A. Pandal efter manuskript af Ulrik Al Brask.

Handling
Tre eksperimenter samlet under overskriften »Scratching the Eyes Out. In Three Lessons«. Princippet for scratch er, at man stjæler fra film, TV og reklamebilleder, redigerer dem sønder og sammen og manipulerer med diverse digitale videoeffekter. Massekulturens levende billeder genbruges og nyfortolkes, gamle billeder får ny betydning, ofte gennem ekstatiske ophobninger af visuelt fængende billeder. I »Menschen« er det tilbagevendende bl.a. mennesket som maskine. I "Johnny" og "A Motherly Peepshow" er det ofte en form for arketypiske situationer - i den første med slaveri, i den sidste med kvinden som tema. Antologien indeholder klip fra volds- og pornofilm.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1989

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark

Menschen


Grænseland er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1987 instrueret af Carl Otto Petersen.

Handling
Det var, ligesom jeg havde fået en verden for mig selv, altså mit eget univers, hvor der ikke var plads til nogen mennesker. Der var kun plads til mig selv. Som de øvrige medvirkende har filmens instruktør oplevet at befinde sig i et grænseland mellem liv og død, en tilstand fuld af sælsomme oplevelser. Tid og rum, lys og farve tegner sig helt anderledes end i vågen tilstand.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1987

Grænseland (dokumentarfilm)


Michael Pedersen Friis, betur þekktur sem M. P. Friis, (22. október 1857 – 24. apríl 1944) var danskur lögfræðingur sem gegndi stöðu forsætisráðherra Danmerkur í bráðabirgðaríkisstjórn í um mánaðartíma árið 1920.

Ævi og ferill
M. P. Friis fæddist í Óðinsvéum og lauk námi í lögfræði frá Kaupmannahafnarháskóla. Áður en hann gerðist opinber embættismaður vann hann um tíma við blaðamennsku og reyndist þá aðhyllast ýmsar frjálslyndar skoðanir þrátt fyrir að teljast íhaldsmaður að öðru leyti. Til að mynda studdi hann kosningarétt kvenna.

Kristján X. konungur vék Carl Theodor Zahle úr embætti forsætisráðherra og freistaði þess að skipa íhaldssama bráðabirgðatjórn undir forystu Otto Liebe. Reiðibylgjan sem reis í landinu í kjölfar þeirrar skipunar varð til þess að konungur myndaði nýja og ópólitískar stjórn tæpri viku síðar undir stjórn M. P. Friis, sem naut virðingar þvert á hið pólitíska litróf. Megintilgangur hennar var að undirbúa nýjar kosningar í landinu og þurfti t.a.m. að gera ýmsar ráðstafanir til að íbúar nýrra landsvæða sem tilheyrt höfðu Þýskalandi fyrir heimsstyrjöldina.

Eftir kosningarnar tók stjórn Venstre undir forystu Niels Neergaard við völdum.

Forsætisráðherrar Danmerkur

Michael Pedersen Friis