Christos-Athenagoras Ziliaskopoulos (; * 24. Oktober 1970 in Reutlingen) ist ein Archimandrit des Ökumenischen Patriarchats. Von 1997 bis 2017 war er Pfarrer der Griechisch-orthodoxen Metropolie von Deutschland. 2017 übersiedelte er zunächst als Dekan der orthodoxen Theologischen Akademie und Leiter des Erzbistums nach Toronto, 2019 der Einladung des Erzbischofs Elpidoforos folgend, in die USA und lehrt dort an der Theologischen Hochschule des Heiligen Kreuzes (Τιμίου Σταυροῦ).

Leben
In Reutlingen geboren. Seine Eltern stammen aus dem Dorf Thourio (Θούριο) der Gemeinde Orestiada, zwischen Ost-Makedonien und Thrakien gelegen, ca. 4 km vom Fluss Evros entfernt, der die Grenze zur Türkei markiert.
Er hat er seine Kindheit in einem multikulturellen-interreligiösen Hof eines kleinen schwäbischen Dorfes verbracht. Er studierte Deutsch als Fremdsprache und Theologie an der Aristoteles Universität Thessaloniki und Germanistik, Religionswissenschaften und Pädagogik an der JWG Universität Frankfurt. Seit 2004 Master of Theology der Aristoteles Universität und seit 2005 Forschung im Bereich Dogmatik-Ökumenische Theologie zum Thema "Stellungnahmen der EKD zu den päpstlichen Enzykliken nach 1965. Beziehungen der EKD zur Römisch-Katholischen Kirche nach Vatikanum II" an derselben Universität Frankfurt. Er hat u. a. als Pädagoge im Evangelischen Kinderhort Hausen, als Lehrer im griechischen Lyzeum Wiesbaden und als Lehrbeauftragte an der FH-Darmstadt/Fachbereich Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften gearbeitet.

Am 20. Juli 1997 zum Diakon und am 16. Mai 1998 durch Metropolit Augoustinos von Deutschland zum Priester geweiht, erhielt er vom Ökumenischen Patriarchen und Erzbischof von Konstantinopel Bartholomaios I. am 24. Oktober 2000 den Titel des Archimandriten des Ökumenischen Patriarchats. Als Diakon diente er der Prophet-Elias-Gemeinde in Frankfurt-Bockenheim und als Pfarrer der Hl. Nektarios Gemeinde in Neuss (1998–1999) und der Salvatorkirche in München (1999–2004). Seit 26. Juli 2004 dient er der Prophet-Elias-Gemeinde in Frankfurt. Parallel zu den Gemeindepflichten ist er bischöflicher Vikar (Stellvertreter des Bischofs) für Hessen und Rheinland-Pfalz. Seit 2007 ist er Flughafenseelsorger (Orthodoxe Kapelle am Flughafen Frankfurt) und seit 1. Januar 2009 Studentenbeauftragter der Orthodoxen Bischofskonferenz Deutschlands. Am 10. September 2008 wurde er zum Stellv. Vorsitzenden der ACK-Frankfurt gewählt. Zuvor als Vertreter der Griechisch-orthodoxen Metropolie von Deutschland bei ACK-München, ACK-Bayern und Ökum. Frühstück-Frankfurt. Im Auftrag der Synode des Ökumenischen Patriarchats nahm er als Delegierter an den, von der KEK organisierten, Dialog der GEKE (Gemeinschaft Evangelischer Kirchen Europas-Leuenberger Konkordie) mit den Orthodoxen Kirchen und an der EEA3 (3. Europäische Ökumenische Versammlung) in Sibiu teil. Von 2009 bis 2012 war er Vorsitzender des Rats der Religionen Frankfurt.

Seit 2011 ist er auch Mitglied des bundesweiten Ökumenischen Vorbereitungsausschusses für die Interkulturellen Wochen, Mitglied im Vorstand des Internationalen Konvents Christlicher Gemeinden anderer Muttersprache in Frankfurt, Mitglied des Organisationskomitee der Christlich-Islamischen Woche Frankfurt und Mitglied des Christlich-Islamischen Dialogs Frankfurt.

Seit 2017 lebt und lehrt Pater Athenagoras in Kanada und den seit 2019 in den USA.

Schriften
 Wer hat das Sagen? Amt, Anspruch und Wirklichkeit. Der Dienst in der Kirche aus orthodoxer Sicht. GRIN, München 2013.
 The attitude of the Evangelikal Church in Germany (EKD) towards the Papa Encyclicals after the year 1965. Ist relations with the Roman Catholic Church after the Second Vatican Council. GRIN, München 2013
 EKD and the roman-catholic Church - Relations and progress. GRIN, München 2013
 «Fremde Heimat» - Predigt zur Eröffnung der Interkulturelle Woche, Frankfurt am Main 2008. GRIN, München 2013.
 Erleuchtung und Theosis. Tulku und Gerontes. Ein religionswissenschaftlicher Vergleich zwischen Buddhismus und orthodoxem Christentum. 2012.
 "Frankfurt ist meine Wahlheimat". Interview mit Athenagoras Ziliaskopoulos. In: Antje Schrupp (Hrsg.): Frankfurter Antworten auf die Gretchenfrage Evangelischer Regionalverband Frankfurt am Main-Schriftenreihe 34, Eine Publikation der Zeitung "Evangelisches Frankfurt", Frankfurt am Main 2012, S. 6–10.
 Die Institutionalisierung des Islam in Deutschland am Beispiel der Deutschen Islamkonferenz. GRIN, München 2012.
 Immigration, society and religion in Germany: The "Interfaith Council" in Frankfurt/Main. GRIN, München 2012.
 Pastoraler Dienst der Orthodoxen Kirche. Krankenhaus-Seelsorge in Deutschland. GRIN, München 2012.
 Koranexegese zwischen Tradition und Moderne. Der Beitrag von Fazlur Rahman Malik in der modernen Koranexegese. GRIN, München 2012.
 Das Zukunftsfundament aber wird fehlen. In: Interkulturelle Woche 2012. Ökumenischer Vorbereitungsausschuss zur Interkulturellen Woche, Frankfurt am Main 2012, S. 56–57.
 Η στάση της Ευαγγελικής Εκκλησίας της Γερμανίας (EKD) στις εγκυκλίους του πάπα μετά το 1965. Οι σχέσεις με τη Ρωμαιοκαθολική Εκκλησία μετά τη Β΄ Βατικάνεια Σύνοδο. Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Thessaloniki 2012.
 Von der Freiheit eines Christenmenschen. Kanzelrede vom 3. April 2011. In: Von der Freiheit des Christen. Wittenberger Kanzelreden 2011 zu ausgewählten Texten des Alten und Neuen Testaments. Wittenberg 2011, S. 16–24.
 Οι παπικές εγκύκλιοι μετά τη Β΄Σύνοδο του Βατικανού (1965). Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Thessaloniki 2006.

Einzelnachweise

Orthodoxer Geistlicher (21. Jahrhundert)
Geboren 1970
Mann

Athenagoras Ziliaskopoulos


Patrick Madrid es un apologeta católico estadounidense nacido en 1960.

Vida
Nacido en un hogar católico, Madrid ha estado comprometido con la apología católica desde 1987. Junto con Scott Hahn, Jimmy Akin, Steve Ray, Mike Aquilina y Robert Barron —entre otros—, Madrid pertenece a la generación contemporánea de apologistas católicos estadounidenses. Desde 1988 hasta 1996, Madrid fue vicepresidente de Catholic Answers.

Patrick obtuvo una licenciatura en ciencias en la Universidad de Phoenix, así como en filosofía y una maestría en teología dogmática en la Universidad Pontificia Josephinum en Columbus, Ohio.

Ha sido profesor adjunto de Teología en la Universidad Franciscana de Steubenville, y es investigador del Centro San Pablo de Estudios Bíblicos. También es profesor adjunto de teología en el programa de teología de postgrado en el Colegio y Seminario de los Santos Apóstoles.

En el año 2000 la cadena EWTN emitió una serie de 16 capítulos titulada Pope Fiction presentada por Madrid en la que refutaba alguna de las malas interpretaciones que en general se tienen del Papado.

Como parte de su ministerio apologético, Madrid recorre Estados Unidos para participar en numerosos debates con distintos representantes de diferentes denominaciones cristianas.

El cardenal Edward Egan elogió el trabajo de Madrid en la apologética católica con la siguiente frase: «¿Cómo hacer para que sus amigos o familiares vuelvan a la Iglesia? Primero recen. Luego sigan el consejo de Patrick Madrid en (su libro) Search and Rescue.»

Madrid y su esposa Nancy llevan treinta años casados y son padres de once hijos y abuelos de ocho nietos.

Obra literaria
Es autor de una veintena de libros:

 Surprised by Truth (1994)
 Any Friend of God's Is a Friend of Mine (1996)
 Pope Fiction (1999)
 Surprised by Truth 2 (2000)
 Where Is That in the Bible? (2001)
 Search and Rescue (2001)
 Surprised by Truth 3 (2002)
 Why Is That in Tradition? (2002)
 Answer Me This (2003)
 More Catholic Than the Pope (2004)
 A Pocket Guide to Apologetics (2006)
 Does the Bible Really Say That? (2006)
 A Pocket Guide to Purgatory (2007)
 150 Bible Verses Every Catholic Should Know (2008)
 The Godless Delusion (2010)
 Envoy for Christ: 25 Years as a Catholic Apologist (2012)
 On a Mission: Lessons from Saint Francis de Sales (2013)
 Scripture and Tradition in the Church (2014)
 Why Be Catholic? 10 Answers to a Very Important Question (2014)

Enlaces externos
 Patrick Madrid. Sitio oficial
 Catholic Answers. Patrick Madrid
 Immaculate Heart Catholic Radio. The Patrick Madrid Show
 Catholic Apologetics Academy. Patrick Madrid

Referencias

Bibliografía adicional

Escritores en inglés
Escritores de Estados Unidos
Escritores católicos
Apologética católica
Críticos del ateísmo
Alumnado de la Universidad de Phoenix
Telepredicadores católicos
Católicos de Estados Unidos
Alumnado de la Universidad de Dallas

Patrick Madrid


නිඩස් හි ඇෆ්‍රඩයිටී යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන සියවස අවට කාලයේ ඇතැන්ස් හී ප්‍රැක්සිටිලීස් විසින් නිර්මාණය කරන ලද ඇෆ්‍රඩයිටී නම් දෙවඟන නිරූපිත පුරාතන ග්‍රීක ප්‍රතිමාවකි. මෙය ග්‍රීක ඉතිහාසය තුළ නිර්මාණය වූ මුල්ම ජීව ප්‍රමාණයේ  නග්න ස්ත්‍රී ප්‍රතිමාවලින් එකක් ලෙස සැළකේ. ප්‍රැක්සිටිලීස්ගේ ඇෆ්‍රඩයිටී නග්න අයුරින් නිරූපණය කොට ඇති අතර, සිය යුනික පෙදෙස ආවරණය කරගනිමින් සළුවක් අරගන්නට තැත්කරන අයුරු මෙමඟින් නිරූපිත ය. එහි දී ඇගේ පයෝධර නිරාවරණය වී ඇත. මෙහි මුල් ග්‍රීක ප්‍රතිමාව වර්තමානයේ දක්නට නොමැත. එහෙත් මෙහි ආභාසය ලද රෝම අනුරූ ගණනාවක්ම දක්නට ලැබේ. මෙවන් වීනස් පුඩිකා (පයෝධර ආවරණය කරගන්නට සැරසෙන ඉරියව්වක්) ප්‍රතිමා සඳහා නිදසුන් ලෙස වීනස් ඩි මෙඩිචි සහ කැපිටෝලයින් වීනස් ප්‍රතිමා දැක්විය හැක.

සටහන්

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

Theodor Kraus. Die Aphrodite von Knidos. Walter Dorn Verlag, Bremen/Hannover, 1957.
Leonard Closuit.  L'Aphrodite de Cnide: Etude typologique des principales répliques antiques de l'Aphrodite de Cnide de Praxitèle.  Éditions Pillet – Martigny, 1978.
Francis Haskell and Nicholas Penny.  Taste and the Antique: The Lure of Classical Sculpture, 1500–1900.  Yale University Press, New Haven/London, 1981.
Christine Mitchell Havelock.  The Aphrodite of Knidos and Her Successors: A Historical Review of the Female Nude in Greek Art University of Michigan Press, 1995.
 Cyril Mango, "Antique Statuary and the Byzantine Beholder", Dumbarton Oaks Papers 17 (1963), pp. 53–75.

බාහිර සබැඳි

 Entry page for the Vatican Museums.
 James Grout: Aphrodite of Cnidus, part of the Encyclopædia Romana

ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන සියවසේ ග්‍රීක ප්‍රතිමා
ප්‍රැක්සිටිලීස්ගේ ප්‍රතිමා
නැතිවූ ප්‍රතිමා

වීනස් ප්‍රතිමා

නිඩස් හි ඇෆ්‍රඩයිටී


شعبية الكرتون هو برنامج رسوم متحركة كوميدي إماراتي يعالج القضايا الاجتماعية في المجتمع الإماراتي، يعرض على التليفزيون من رمضان 1427 هـ حتى 1443 هـ على قناة سما دبي من إخراج عامر كوخ سابقاً حيدر محمد حالياً وتأليف حيدر محمد. يعود المسلسل الكرتوني الإماراتي "شعبية الكرتون"، بحلقات جديدة ورؤية متجددة مع شخصيات الحي الشعبي من جنسيات ولهجات مختلفة مثل: شامبيه وأخوه بالرضاعة بومهير ومعهم عصمان وبوسليمان وسبتو وأم سليمان وبقية الكركترات، حيث تتوالى للموسم الخامس عشر دون انقطاع المواقف الطريفة والمقالب بقالب كوميدي طريف، سيستمتع بها الجمهور الذي تابع خلال السنوات الماضية هذا العمل الإماراتي المميز ذو الحكايات الطريفة التي لا تنتهي.

بعد الموسم الثاني عشر، قرر المخرج حيدر محمد بإيقاف المسلسل ليخرج بعدها مسلسل زون زيرو في رمضان 1439 هـ، وفي رمضان 1440 هـ عاد المسلسل بالموسم الثالث عشر ليكمل السلسلة الشهيرة. في رمضان 1442 هـ، أكد المخرج حيدر محمد أن الموسم الخامس عشر هو آخر مواسم شعبية الكرتون. عاد المسلسل مرة أخرى في رمضان 1443 هـ بالموسم السادس عشر، وأُعلِنَ أن المسلسل سيتوقف، وذلك لأن قرار إيقاف المسلسل كان قرار الإدارة التنفيذية لمؤسسة دبي للإعلام وليس قرار صنّاع المسلسل.

الشخصيات

قائمة الحلقات

البرامج المستخدمة
تم استخدام عدة برامج حاسوبية لإنتاج المسلسل، منها:

 أنمي ستوديو في رسم الشخصيات وتحريكها.
 لايت ويف في تصميم الخلفيات الثلاثية الأبعاد.
 أدوبي أفتر إفكتس لدمج الشخصيات مع الخلفيات.

انظر أيضًا
 قائمة أسماء مسلسلات الرسوم المتحركة العربية
 زون زيرو

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 لقاء مع محمد حيدر مؤلف شعبية الكرتون
 «شعبية الكرتون 3» تناقش قضايا اجتماعية متعددة الثقافات واللهجات نيليفة كوميدية

مسلسلات تلفزيونية إماراتية بدأ عرضها في 2006
مسلسلات تلفزيونية إماراتية في عقد 2000
مسلسلات تلفزيونية كوميدية إماراتية
مسلسلات رسوم متحركة إماراتية
مسلسلات رسوم متحركة تلفزيونية في عقد 2000

شعبية الكرتون


p53 ya da diğer adıyla tümör protein 53 (TP53), Genom Gardiyanı, tümör önleyici p53, hücre döngüsünü düzenleyen bir transkripsiyon faktörüdür. Birçok organizmada kanseri baskılamak için çok önemli bir proteindir. Çok hücreli omurgalılarda kanser oluşumunu önlediği ve tümör baskılayıcı fonskiyon gösterdiği için kritiktir. TP53, genomda mutasyon olmasını önleyerek genom stabilitesini korur. Mutasyonu önleyerek genomun bozulmasını veya değişmesini önlediği için de "genom gardiyanı" olarak da anılır. p53, hücre içerisinde dörtlü (tetramer) bağ yapmış halde işlevseldir.

TP53 geni boyutları 3.5 kDa'dan 43.7 kDa'a kadar değişen en az 15 protein izoformu kodlar. Tüm bu p53 proteinlerine p53 izoformları denir. TP53 geni insan kanserlerinde en sık mutasyona uğrayan gendir ki bu kanser gelişmesini önlemede p53 geninin kritik öneme sahip olduğuna işarettir.

Kanser önleyici birçok işlevi vardır;

 DNA zarar gördüğünde DNA tamir proteinlerini harekete geçirir.
 DNA tamir edilemeyecek kadar zarar gördüğünde "apoptoz"u (programlanmış hücre ölümü) başlatır.

İnsan TP53 Geni
Bu gen insanların 17. kromozomunda(17p13.1) bulunur. İnsanlarda kodon pozisyonu 72'de prolinin yerine arginin bulunması yaygın bir polimorfizmdir. Pek çok çalışma bu değişimin kanser duyarlılığıyla bir bağlantısı olduğunu incelese de ortaya çıkan sonuçlar tartışmalı niteliktedir ve net bir karara varılamamıştır. 2009'da yapılan bir meta-analizde rahim ağzı için böyle bir bağlantı gösterilemedi. 2011'de yapılan bir çalışmada ise TP53 prolin mutasyonunun erkek pankreas kanseri riskine derin bir etki yapmış olduğu bulundu. Arap kadınları üzerinde yapılan bir araştırmada ise prolin homozigotluğunun meme kanseri riskini düşürdüğü belirtildi. Başka bir çalışmada ise topluca TP53 kodon 72 polimorfizmi, MDM2 SNP309 ve A2164G orofaringeal olmayan kansere duyarlılıkla ilişkili olabileceğini ve MDM2 SNP309 ve TP53 kodon 72'nin orofaringeal olmayan kanserlerin riskini arttırdığı öne sürülmüştür. Yine 2011 yılında yapılan bir araştırmada kodon 72 polimorfizminin akciğer kanseri riskinin artması ile ilişkili olduğu çıkartılmıştır.

2011'de yapılan meta-analizlerde TP53 kodon 72 polimorfizmi ile hem kolorektal kanser riski hem de endometrium kanser riski arasında kayda değer bir ilişki bulunamadı.

Fonksiyonları

DNA hasarı ve onarım
p53 birkaç farklı mekanizma ile hücre döngüsü, apopitozis ve genom sağlamlığı üzerinden ilerlemeyi veya düzenlemeyi kontrol eder:

 DNA devamlı hasar aldığında DNA onarım proteinlerini aktifleştirir. Yaşlanmada önemli bir faktör olabilir.
 DNA hasarı olduğu anlaşıldığında hücre döngüsünü, G1/S kontrol noktasında duraklatabilir. Bu noktada yeterli süre beklenirse DNA onarım proteinleri hasarı düzeltebilecektir ve hasar ortadan kalktığında hücre döngüsünün durdurulması sonlanır ve devam eder.
 Eğer DNA hasarı onarılamayacak bir durumdaysa apopitozisi başlatabilir.
 Hücre yaşlanmasının kısa telomerlere tepkisinde gereklidir.

WAF1/CIP1 p21 ve daha yüzlerce engelleyici/aşağı-düzenleyici/aktivite-azaltıcı protein üretir. p21, G1-S/CDK (CDK4/CDK6, CDK2, CDK1) kompleksine (hücre döngüsünde G1 aşamasından S'e geçişte önemli moleküller) bağlanır ve aktivitesini engeller. p21, CDK2 ile birleştiğinde hücre, bir sonraki hücre döngüsü aşamasına geçiş yapamaz. Mutasyon geçirmiş bir p53 DNA'ya etkili bir şekilde bağlanamaz ve bunun sonucu olarak, p21 proteini bundan sonra 'dur' sinyali olarak kullanılamayacaktır. p53'ün olmayışı ve dolayısıyla p21'e de istenilen işleri yaptıramamanın sonucu olarak kanser gelişimi görülebilir.

p53 ekspresyonu, DNA hasarına sebep olan UV ışınları neticesinde uyarılabilir. Bu durumda bronzlaşmayı başlatan olaylar gelişir.

Başka hayvanlarda da görülür;

 Fare - 11. kromozom
 Sıçan - 10. kromozom
 Köpek - 5. kromozom
 Domuz 12. kromozom

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P53


Amza Tairov (* 20. Jahrhundert) ist ein Musiker aus Nordmazedonien.

Musik
Seit den späten 1990er Jahren hat er sich als Keyboard-Spieler zum führenden Stilisten seines Instruments in der Roma-Musik der Balkanländer und insbesondere unter den Namen wie Chalga, Manele und Tallava bekannten zeitgenössischen Musikrichtungen entwickelt. Charakteristisch für seinen Stil ist neben einer virtuosen Technik eine expressive Dehnung und Echtzeit-Anpassung der Töne mit Hilfe des Pitch-Rades, über das die meisten Keyboards seit den 1980er Jahren verfügen ("Pitchbending"). Dadurch überwindet er starre Tonhöhen und improvisiert mit modernen elektronischen Mitteln in einer mikrotonal-ausdrucksstarken Melodieführung in Anlehnung an arabisch gestimmte Instrumente.

Leben
Bekanntheit erlangte er fast ausschließlich durch Mundpropaganda sowie über Videoclips, die sich über YouTube verbreiteten. Dabei treten neben Dokumenten eigener Auftritte, vor allem auf Roma-Festen und -Hochzeiten, auch Antwortvideos von jungen Musikern, die seinen Stil erlernen. Tairovs Wirkungskreis umfasst mittlerweile neben Nordmazedonien insbesondere Bulgarien, Albanien, Griechenland und die Türkei sowie die Roma-Diaspora in Westeuropa. In den erstgenannten Staaten tritt er auch regelmäßig als Musiker in Fernsehsendungen auf. So kursieren u. a. Bildaufnahmen, die ihn beim Spielen mit u. a. Muharrem Ahmeti, Cita, Boril Iliev und Teodosij Spassow zeigen.

Einzelnachweise

Musiker (Nordmazedonien)
Geboren im 20. Jahrhundert
Roma (Person)
Nordmazedonier
Mann

Amza Tairov


Acemhöyük ist eine archäologische Fundstätte in der Türkei. Der Siedlungshügel liegt im Dorf Yeşilova im zentralen Landkreis der Provinz Aksaray. Der bronzezeitliche Name war möglicherweise Purušḫanda/Purušḫattum oder Ullama. Der Ort war auch eine assyrische Handelskolonie, ein sogenannter Karum. Es handelt sich vielleicht um das aus Texten bekannte Ulama.

Lage
Der Acemhöyük liegt 18 km nordwestlich von Aksaray, am Südostende des Tuz Gölü, in einer fruchtbaren Ebene am Uluirmak oder Melendiz. Die Ruinen gliedern sich, wie in Kültepe, in zwei Teile: Der Stadthügel hat eine Ost-West-Ausdehnung von 700 und eine Nord-Süd-Ausdehnung von 600 Meter, dazu kommt eine Unterstadt, welche teilweise von der modernen Siedlung überbaut ist. Nach Nimet Özgüc ist die Ausdehnung der Unterstadt der des Stadthügels ebenbürtig. Der höchste Punkt, die Zitadelle, wird aufgrund der gelb schimmernden Lehmziegel Sarikaya (gelber Fels) genannt. Dieser liegt 20 Meter über dem Level der Umgebung. Der Stadthügel ist im Süden vom modernen Dorf bebaut und im Zentrum gibt/gab(?) es einen modernen Friedhof.

Perioden
Die oberste und letzte Siedlungsschicht ist aus römisch/hellenistischer Zeit und besteht aus Wohnhäuserfundamenten. Darunter beginnt die eigentliche Schichtenzählung von oben nach unten von I zu V, wobei I heftig gestört ist, was auf die Oberflächennähe zurückzuführen ist. Trotzdem sind einige Öfen und Gebäudereste gefunden worden. Die Häuser der Schicht II scheinen, laut Nimet Özgüc, eilig aus Holz und Lehmziegeln auf den Ruinen der Schicht III gebaut worden zu sein. Dies führt uns zu Schicht III, die heftige Zerstörung durch Feuer aufweist. Schicht III scheint die Blütezeit von Purušḫanda(?) gewesen zu sein. Schicht IV und V sind kaum erforscht oder kaum publiziert, werden jedoch in die frühe Karum bzw. Bronzezeit III gesetzt.

Forschungsgeschichte
Die Ausgrabungen auf dem Acemhöyük begannen 1962 unter dem "General Directorate of Antiquities and Museums" in Zusammenarbeit mit der Universität Ankara. Von 1962 bis 1988 war die Leitung bei Nimet Özgüç. Seit 1989 leitet Aliye Öztan das Projekt. Ein Teil der Funde sind im Museum Aksaray ausgestellt.

Geschichte
Für den Acemhöyük lässt sich keine Ereignisgeschichte schreiben. Die Schichten IV und V weisen auf eine vorkarumzeitliche Besiedlung hin. Schicht III ist karumzeitlich und stellt die Blütezeit der Siedlung dar. Diese Siedlung ist durch Brand zerstört. Eine Interpretation dieser Brandschicht gibt es nicht. Die Besiedlung des Hügels bricht mit der Karum-Zeit ab und wird erst in römisch/hellenistischer Zeit wieder aufgenommen.

Architektur

Der Sarikaya-Palast
Die Westseite des Palastes ist durch spätere Besiedlung und Wiederverwendung durch moderne Siedler stark gestört. Die 1,5-2 m breiten Mauern sind teilweise noch bis zu 3,80 m hoch erhalten. Der Palast muss um die 50 Räume gehabt haben. Die exakte Anzahl ist aufgrund der Störung nicht mehr feststellbar. Nord-, Ost- und Westseite waren von einer Portikus umgeben, bestehend aus einer Marmorbasis und Holzpfosten. Das Erdgeschoss des Gebäudes wurde zu Lagerzwecken gebraucht. In jedem Raum wurden Tonbullen gefunden. Auch hier (wie in Kaniš) wird davon ausgegangen, dass sich die repräsentativen Räume im Obergeschoss befanden.

Funde
Auf den Tonbullen im Sarikaya Palast wurden unter anderen die Siegelabrollung des Šamši-Adad, der Dugedu (Tochter des Jaḫdun-Lim von Mari) und des König Aplakahnda von Karkemiš gefunden.

Inschriften
Inschrift auf der Siegelabrollung Šamši-Adads:
dUTUsi  dIskur
Sakin dEnlil
Šamši-Adad Appointee of the god Enlil /Šamši-Adad Berufener des Enlil

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 Özgüç, Nimet: "Excavations at Acemhöyük", Anadolu (Anatolia) 10 (1966).
 Aliye Öztan:
 1979 Acemhöyük Sarıkaya Sarayında Bulunan İki Taş Tabak/ Two Stone Plates from the Sarıkaya Palace at Açemhöyük Belleten XLIII/ S. 170, 381-384, 385-388
 1986 Acemhöyük Taş Kapları Belleten LII/203 (1988) 393-406
 1990 1989 Yılı Acemhöyük Kazıları XII. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, Cilt I, Ankara, S. 247–258
 1992 1991 Yılı Acemhöyük Kazıları XIV. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, Cilt I, Ankara, S. 281–300
 1993b 1992 Yılı Acemhöyük Kazıları XV. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, Cilt I, Ankara, S. 245–255
 1993c L.Özen – S.Tazegül, Acemhöyük'den Bir Grup Gümüş Eser, 1992 Yılı Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi Konferansları, Ankara, S. 146–149
 1994 1993 Acemhöyük Kazıları XVI. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, Cilt I, Ankara, S. 189–192
 1996 1994 Acemhöyük Kazıları XVII. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı- I, S. 209–213
 1997b Acemhöyük Gümüş Hazinesi Belleten LXI/ 231, S. 233–271
 1997c Acemhöyük Eczacıbaşı Sanat Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul, S. 14–15
 1998 "Preliminary Report on the Arıbaş Cemetery at Acemhöyük" Essays on Ancient Anatolia in the Second Millennium B.C. Bulletin of the Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan Vol. X, S. 167–175
 1999 M.G.Drahor- M. Bayrak- O.M.İlkışık ile birlikte, Acemhöyük'ten Manyetik ve Elektromanyetik -VLF Sonuçlari / Magnetic and Electromagnetic –VLF Results from Acemhöyük. DEÜ Mühendislik Fakültesi, Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi. Cilt: 1 Sayi 2, S. 81–99
 2001 "1998-1999 Acemhöyük Kazıları" 22. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı I (Ankara), S. 119–128
 2002 "2000 Yılı Acemhöyük Kazıları" 23. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 2. Cilt. Ankara, S. 327–334
"Acemhöyük Kazıları 2001" 24. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı (Kültür Bakanlığı, baskıda)

Weblinks

Altorientalischer Fundplatz in der Türkei
Provinz Aksaray

Acemhöyük


كلمة أخذت عن الفارسية، وهي في العربية:
 بهرام (مرند)
 بهرام (مقاطعة دورة)
 كوكب المريخ
 يوم العشرين من كل شهر من شهور الفرس.
كما سمي بها عدد من الأعلام منهم:
 بهرام الأول
 بهرام الثاني
 بهرام الثالث
 بهرام الرابع
 بهرام الخامس
وكني بها:
 يزيد بن بهرام
 يزدجرد بن بهرام

مراجع

صفحات توضيح أسماء أماكن

بهرام (توضيح)


Mikael Ericsson (28 de febrero de 1960) es un piloto de rally sueco que ha competido en el Campeonato Mundial de Rally entre 1981 y 1993, logrando dos victorias en 1989, en el Rally de Argentina y Rally de Finlandia.

Trayectoria

Victorias en el WRC

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Mikael Ericsson. juwra.com
 Rallybase.nl

Pilotos de rally de Suecia
Pilotos de Lancia en el Campeonato Mundial de Rally
Pilotos de Audi en el Campeonato Mundial de Rally
Pilotos de Jolly Club en el Campeonato Mundial de Rally

Mikael Ericsson


Der Thüringische Schieferpark Lehesten ist als historischer Schiefertagebau mit all seinen einmaligen Funktionsgebäuden heute ein technisches Denkmal in der Berg- und Schieferstadt Lehesten im thüringischen Landkreis Saalfeld-Rudolstadt. Auf dem Areal des Schieferparks befindet sich auch ein gleichnamiges Tagungs- und Seminarzentrum. Das etwa 105 ha große Areal liegt an der Thüringisch-Fränkischen Schieferstraße südlich von Lehesten unweit der Grenze zu Bayern im Naturpark Thüringer Schiefergebirge/Obere Saale. Der Schiefer wurde bereits im 13. Jahrhundert abgebaut, später in kleinen Brüchen gewonnen und mündete im Laufe der Zeit zu einem der ehemals größten Schiefertagebaue des europäischen Festlandes. Ab 1975 wurde ausschließlich unter Tage abgebaut.

Geschichte

Bergbau

Vom 13. Jahrhundert bis 1999 wurde im heutigen Staatsbruch bei Lehesten im Südosten des Thüringer Waldes Schiefer abgebaut und zu Dach- und Wandschiefer sowie zu Schiefertafeln verarbeitet. Die Verwendung von Schiefer aus Lehesten zur Dacheindeckung ist bereits ab dem Jahr 1485 belegt. Anfangs wurden Bürger mit einem Abbau belehnt, später ging der Schieferbruch an die Herrschaft Coburg und an das Herzogtum Sachsen-Meiningen über, nach 1920 war er Staatsbruch. In den Jahren der Hochkonjunktur zwischen 1870 und 1910 waren im Tagebau sowie in den angrenzenden Brüchen bis 2500 Beschäftigte tätig. Ab 1885 wurde der Schiefer über die Bahnstrecke Ludwigsstadt–Lehesten abtransportiert.

Heutige Nutzung
Ab 1999, nach Beendigung des Schieferabbaus, gründete die Vereinigte Thüringer Schiefergruben GmbH den heutigen Schieferpark Lehesten, welcher seit 2000 von der ehrenamtlich geführten Stiftung "Thüringischer Schieferpark Lehesten" (TSL) verwaltet wird.

Das Technische Denkmal "Historischer Schieferbergbau Lehesten" wurde im Jahr 1993 eröffnet und kann mittels Führungen, auch von ehemaligen Bergleuten, besichtigt werden. Angeboten werden Hotel- und Ferienwohnungen sowie Führungen durch die erhaltenen denkmalgeschützten Industriegebäude, unter anderem durch die auffällige und seit 1840 am Originalstandort erhaltene Göpelschachtanlage, sowie Vorführungen des historischen Schieferabbaus, des Spaltens und Zuschneidens des Materials sowie der Herstellung von Schiefertafeln.

Das gesamte Schieferparkareal Staatsbruch ist ein FFH- und seit 2001 ausgewiesenes Naturschutzgebiet. In diesem zum Teil unzugänglichen Areal haben sich nachgewiesen mittlerweile allein 170 Arten der Roten Liste angesiedelt, unter anderem der Uhu. Im ehemaligen Tagebau entstand ein über 40 Meter tiefer See. Im historischen ehemaligen Schacht-II-Gebäude wurde eine Naturparkausstellung eingerichtet, welche die im angrenzenden Naturschutzgebiet Staatsbruch beheimateten Tiere und Pflanzen zeigt. Sie ist Teil des Geolehrpfads "Historischer Schieferbergbau".

Nationaler Geotop und Schaufenster Erdgeschichte
Es handelt sich hierbei um den ehemaligen Dachschiefertagebau Lehesten. Allein seine Dimensionen sind beeindruckend; er gehört mit dem nahegelegenen Oertelsbruch zu den ehemals größten Schieferbrüchen des Kontinents (rund 800 m streichende Länge, 300 m Breite und bis 80 m Teufe).
Der Restlochbereich erfasst die oberdevonisch-unterkarbonischen Schichtglieder von den Clymenien-Schichten (doSC) bis zu den Hasenthal-Schichten (cdLH). Insbesondere die Lehesten-Folge mit dem Rußschiefer und dem Hauptdachschieferlager sowie die Hasenthal-Schichten (Untere Bordenschiefer) sind vorzüglich aufgeschlossen.

Kernstück des Geotops ist die handgeschrämte, zwischen 30 und 40 m hohe seigere Rückwand des Tagebaubereiches "Kießlich" unterhalb des Göpels. Deren gut zugänglicher N-Stoß zeigt die in flach überkippter Lagerung anstehenden Liegendschichten des Dachschiefers und den Hauptteil des Dachschiefers mit seinen Leitschichten und der Verschuppungstektonik in sehr gutem Erhaltungszustand.

Weblinks

 Website des Technischen Denkmals "Historischer Schieferbergbau Lehesten"
 schieferpark.de | Webseite des Tagungs- und Seminarzentrums Schieferpark

Kulturdenkmal in Lehesten (Thüringer Wald)
Bauwerk im Landkreis Saalfeld-Rudolstadt
Museum im Landkreis Saalfeld-Rudolstadt
Schieferbergwerk
Nationaler Geotop
Technikgeschichte (Deutschland)
Bergwerk in Thüringen
Geographie (Landkreis Saalfeld-Rudolstadt)

Schieferpark Lehesten


ගොයම් ගසේ ඵලය වී නම් වේ. ආහාරයට ගන්නා බත් පිසීම සඳහා අවශ්‍ය සහල් ලබාගන්නේ වී වලින් ය.
එහි විද්‍යාත්මක නාමය ඔරයිසා සැටයිවා වේ.

ආශ්‍රිත
 සහල්
 බත්

වී, සහල් සහ බත්

වී


القلة هي الجرة الضخمة. وتقدر القلة ب250 رطلا عراقيا.
 عند الحنفية القلة تساوي 101.56 كيلوغرام.
 وعند الجمهور: 95.625 كيلوغرام.

المصدر

مكاييل شرعية

قلة (مكيال)


Giljaskóli er grunnskóli, staðsettur í Giljahverfi á Akureyri. Þar voru 422 nemendur árið 2021. Skólinn var stofnaður 1995 en fullbyggður 2002.

Stærð
Í Giljaskóla voru árið 2021 voru 422 nemendur í 1.—10. bekk við skólann. Það ár voru 66.7 stöðugildi starfsmanna við skólann, þar af um 37.7 kennarastöðugildi .

Saga
Giljaskóli hóf starfsemi í húsnæði leikskólans Kiðagils haustið 1995 með þrjár kennslustofur. Starfsmannarými var í fyrstu sameiginlegt leikskólanum. Á öðru ári var bætt við lausri kennslustofu. Að auki var sumarbústaður nýttur fyrir skrifstofu skólastjórnenda og sem sérkennslurými.

Árið 1998 var flutt inn nýja skólabyggingu, þriggja hæða kennslustofuálmu, stjórnunarrými og skólavistun. Síðar var bætt við sérgreinastofum. Fullbyggður árið 2002 var skólinn um 4.719 fermetrar auk íþróttahúss.  Heildarflatamál lóðar er 16.493 fermetrar.

Staðsetning
Giljaskóli er staðsettur við Kiðagil í Giljahverfi vestan Glerár á Akureyri. Í sveitarfélaginu eru grunnskólarnir  ekki hverfaskiptir nema að því leyti að hvert barn á rétt til skólagöngu í sínum hverfisskóla.

Stjórnun
Skólastjóri Giljaskóla (2023) er Elías Gunnar Þorbjörnsson. Deildarstjórar eru þær Aðalheiður Skúladóttir og Thelma Baldursdóttir. Arna Tryggvadóttir er deildarstjóri sérdeildar.

Í ytra mati Menntamálastofnunar sem framkvæmt var árið 2019 þykja lýðræðisleg vinnubrögð einkenna samstarfið í skólanum. Innra mat er álitið mikilvægt og sjálfsagður hluti af skólastarfinu. Margþætt þróunarstarf fer fram í Giljaskóla og hefur skólinn sérstakt upplýsingatækniteymi.

Nám og kennsla
Giljaskóli er einsetinn skóli sem býður nám í 1.—10. bekk. Menntastefnan byggir á aðalnámskrá grunnskóla frá árinu 2011 sem reist er á sex grunnþáttum menntunar sem eru leiðarljós við námskrárgerðina: Læsi, sjálfbærni, heilbrigði og velferð, lýðræði og mannréttindi, jafnrétti og sköpun.

Í skólastarfinu er lögð áhersla á að efla almenna námshæfni í gegnum þverfagleg og skapandi verkefnum sem byggja á gagnrýninni hugsun. Virkjuð er áhugahvöt nemenda, stuðlað að auknu sjálfstæði þeirra í námi og trú á eigin getu. Sterk áhersla er á samvinnu nemenda. Skólastarfið byggir á teymiskennslu sem felur í sér sameiginlega ábyrgð tveggja eða fleiri kennara á námi, líðan nemenda og samstarfi við nemendur og foreldra þeirra.

Á vef Giljaskóla er birt lýsing á lykilhæfniþáttum eftir stigum (unglingastig, miðstig og yngsta stigið). Er þar lýst kröfum á borð við ábyrgð, þrautseigju, frumkvæði og áræðni.

Skólabragur og hefðir
Skólinn hefur með einkunnarorðum og gildum mótað heildstæða stefnu um jákvæðan skólabrag. Skólabragurinn einkennist af samvinnu og ábyrgð allra í skólasamfélaginu.  Í Skólanámskrá Giljaskóli segir:"Sýn Giljaskóla tekur mið af því hvað kemur einstaklingi best að tileinka sér til að ná góðum árangri í lífinu. Metnaður, víðsýni og ábyrgð eru undirstaða góðs námsárangurs en virðing, lífsgleði og kærleikur höfða til félags- og tilfinningaþroska sem er nauðsynlegur fyrir farsæl samskipti í leik og starfi. Þessi sex lífsgildi eru notuð við ýmis tækifæri og unnið út frá þeim í daglegu starfi."

Tenglar
 Vefsíða Giljaskóla

Tilvísanir
Grunnskólar á Akureyri

Giljaskóli


Ionuț Justinian Larie ()

Palmares

Club
CFR Cluj
Cupa României: 2015-2016

Note

Legături externe

Ionuț Larie pe Transfermarkt
Ionuț Larie pe Romanian Soccer

Fotbaliști ai FC Steaua București
Fotbaliști ai FC Viitorul
Fotbaliști ai FC Farul Constanța

Ionuț Larie


Pelagius 1. (død 4. marts 561) var pave fra 556 til sin død i 561. Han var den anden pave i det byzantinske pavedømme og var ligesom sin forgænger, en tidligere apocrisiarius i Konstantinopel.

Referencer

Paver i middelalderen

Pave Pelagius 1.


La Microrregión de Porto Velho es una de las ocho microrregiones del estado de Rondonia, en Brasil. Forma parte de la Mesorregión de Madeira-Guaporé. Está formada por ocho municipios.

Municipios
 Buritis
 Campo Nuevo de Rondônia
 Candeias del Jamari
 Cujubim
 Extrema
 Itapuã del Oeste
 Nueva Mamoré
 Porto Velho

Porto Velho

Microrregión de Porto Velho


Íslam í Grikklandi er táknað með tveimur aðskildum samfélögum; Múslimar sem hafa búið í Grikklandi frá tímum Tyrkjaveldis (aðallega í Austur-Makedóníu og Þrakíu) og múslimskir innflytjendur sem fóru að koma á síðasta fjórðungi 20. aldar, aðallega til Aþenu og Þessalóníku. Múslimar í Grikklandi eru aðallega innflytjendur frá Miðausturlöndum (Líbanon, Sýrlandi, Írak, Íran), öðrum Balkanskaga (Svartfjallalandi, Tyrklandi, Albaníu, Bosníu og Hersegóvínu) og Norður-Afríku (Marokkó, Alsír, Túnis, Egyptalandi).

Tengt efni
 Íslam
 Íslam í Evrópu
 Íslam á Íslandi
 Evrabía

Tilvísanir

Íslam í Evrópu

Íslam í Grikklandi


Le RD-215 (indice GRAU 8D513) était un moteur-fusée à ergols liquides à deux tuyères, brûlant du AK-27 (un mélange de 73 % d'acide nitrique et de 27 % de N2O4 + iode comme  passivant) et de l'UDMH. Il était utilisé dans un module composé de deux moteurs (quatre tuyères) appelé RD-216 (indice GRAU 8D514). Le RD-215 fut développé par l'OKB-456 pour le missile balistique de théâtre R-14 (8K65) de Yanguel (Ioujmach). Des variantes furent aussi utilisées sur les lanceurs Kosmos-1, Kosmos-3 et Kosmos-3M.

Versions
La famille comporte plusieurs versions :
RD-215 : indice GRAU 8D513. Conception originale pour le missile R-14 (8K65). Utilisé également sur les fusées Kosmos-1 et Kosmos-3.
RD-215U : indice GRAU 8D513U. Moteur amélioré pour le R-14U (8K65U).
RD-215M : indice GRAU 8D513M. Version améliorée utilisée sur le Kosmos-3M.
RD-217 : indice GRAU 8D515. Conception modifiée pour le premier étage du missile R-16 (8K64).
RD-219 : indice GRAU 8D713. Conception modifiée pour le deuxième étage du R-16 (8K64).

Modules
Ces moteurs étaient regroupés en modules composés de deux ou trois moteurs. Les modules produits en série furent :
RD-216 : index GRAU 8D514. Groupe de deux RD-215, utilisé sur le premier étage des R-14 (8K65), Kosmos-1 et Kosmos-3.
RD-216U : index GRAU 8D514U. Groupe de deux RD-215U, utilisé sur le premier étage du R-14U (8K65U).
RD-216M : index GRAU 8D514M. Groupe de deux RD-215M, utilisé sur le premier étage du Kosmos-3M.
RD-218 : index GRAU 8D712. Groupe de trois RD-217, propulse le premier étage du R-16 (8K64).

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
R-14 - Missile balistique de théâtre pour lequel ce moteur fut développé à l'origine.
Kosmos-3 - lanceur spatial qui utilise un R-14 comme premier étage.
Kosmos-3M - lanceur spatial qui utilise un R-14 comme premier étage.
Moteur-fusée à ergols liquides

Liens externes

Moteur-fusée de l'Union soviétique
Moteur-fusée à hypergol

RD-215


Fra reportage til dokumentar er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1995 med instruktion og manuskript af Prami Larsen.

Handling
En kavalkade af de første udenlandske reportagefilm frem til Robert Flahertys Nanook of the North (Kuldens Søn, 1922), som regnes for at være den første egentlige dokumentarfilm.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1995

Fra reportage til dokumentar


وزارة العدل هي واحدة المؤسسات العامة المركزية في الإمبراطورية الروسية.

أنشئت في 8 أيلول 1802. كان يرأسها وزير (وهو في الوقت نفسه المدعي العام في مجلس الشيوخ )

التركيب
 هناك مجلس للتشاور في القضايا المرفوعة من قبل مجلس الشيوخ وزير العدل والمدعي العام.
 القطاع الأول
 القطاع الثاني
 مكتب الدراسات الاستقصائية ومعهد المسح. (منذ 1870)
 كلية القانون الامبراطورية.
 محفوظات موسكو في وزارة العدل.
 مجلس شؤون السجون ورئيس مكتب السجون. (منذ عام 1895 ، نقل من وزارة الداخلية)

انظر ايضا

 وزارة عدل الاتحاد الروسي

المصادر

 كتيب دولة روسيا. 1896.
 موسوعة سانت بطرسبورغ

1917
انحلالات سنة 1917 في روسيا
تأسيسات سنة 1802 في روسيا
دول وأقاليم انحلت في 1917
وزارات حكومة الإمبراطورية الروسية

وزارة العدل في الإمبراطورية الروسية


Regeringen Lars Løkke Rasmussen har flere betydninger:

Regeringen Lars Løkke Rasmussen I (2009–2011)
Regeringen Lars Løkke Rasmussen II (2015–2016)
Regeringen Lars Løkke Rasmussen III (2016–2019)

Regeringen Lars Løkke Rasmussen


Ar Basion Vras, littéralement La Grande Passion, aussi connue comme La Passion celtique est une lamentation de la Semaine sainte traditionnellement chantée en Bretagne et intégrée à l'interprétation de mystères de Carême.

Origine
Ar Basion Vras est une antique lamentation bretonne de la Passion, proche de celle que l'on retrouve ailleurs en Europe, comme les Gorzkie żale en Pologne ou les Ngắm Mùa Chay au Vietnam. François-Marie Luzel y voit une gwerz originale en l'entendant chanter en Haute-Cornouaille. François-Marie Luzel émet la suggestion que la passion celtique remonte à une certaine époque du Moyen Âge, à laquelle il y aura eu « un renouvellement complet de la célébration de la Passion, et même de la religiosité générale. »

Chantées dans toute la Haute-Cornouaille et une partie du Pays Pourlet, les Passions étaient interprétées durant toute la Semaine Sainte, jusqu'au vendredi. Les gens du village se retrouvaient sur une hauteur. Deux ou trois personnes, âgées de préférence, chantaient et la foule reprenait, selon le principe du chant à répondre. Dans la région de Gouarec, Plouguemével, Bonen, elles étaient composées: de la Grande Passion, de la Petite Passion puis d'un Angélus. Ailleurs, on interprétait seulement les deux Passions. Ensuite on allumait un grand feu, an tantad, puis on dansait. Il se pratiquait aussi un jeu, le chafich par (le changement de partenaire).

Musique
Ar Basion Vras se chante sur un air imité du Vexilla Regis, dans lequel se retrouve ses syncopes typiques. Différentes versions ont coexisté, certaines plus populaires que d'autres.

Adaptations
Joué par la troupe Ar Vro Bagan et chanté par l'Ensemble choral du bout du monde (120 acteurs, choristes), le spectacle théâtral et musical Ar Basion Vras, La Passion celtique créé en 1991 et rejoué depuis raconte la Passion et la mort du Christ en s'inspirant des mystères médiévaux, des versions populaires et des calvaires bretons. C'est une évocation de la Semaine Sainte et de la Passion du Christ, depuis l'entrée de Jésus à Jérusalem, jusqu'à la descente de croix, inspiré des mystères médiévaux, des versions populaires de la Passion, et des grands calvaires bretons qui ont conservé dans la pierre les images du Grand Mystère de Jésus Christ. Cette adaptation est considérée comme un authentique chef-d'œuvre et attirant plus de 25 000 spectateurs la première année de sa représentation.

Texte
Comme plusieurs cantiques populaires bretons, Ar Basion Vras commence par quelques mots latins, qui permettaient d'associer la langue vulgaire latine avec la langue sacrée latine. Cet incipit latin, Fructus ventris tui Iesus ("Jésus, le fruit de tes entrailles") sont tirés du Je vous salue Marie.Si bien des variantes existent, le texte proposé celui-ci est celui noté et traduit par Maria Kerjean dans la région de Bonen.

Références

Voir aussi
 Lamentu
 Ngắm Mùa Chay
 Pasyon

Liens externes

Catholicisme en Bretagne
Carême
Musique bretonne
Prière catholique

Ar Basion Vras


Teopanzolco, es una avenida que corre de norte a sur en la ciudad de Cuernavaca, Morelos. Tiene una longitud de 3.7 km y en ella se encuentran zonas habitacionales, hoteles y la Pirámide de Teopanzolco.

Descripción

Es una avenida de 4 carriles, corre verticalmente de norte a sur de la ciudad y tiene una longitud de 3.7 km; comenzando con la intersección de la calle Nueva Inglaterra, en la colonia Lomas de Cortes; hasta la unión con la Avenida Alta Tensión, en la colonia Cantarranas.

Sitios de interés

Teopanzolco

Teopanzolco es un sitio arqueológico que se ubica en la ciudad de Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Teopanzolco es una palabra del idioma náhuatl que se interpreta como El lugar del templo viejo.

Calles de Cuernavaca

Avenida Teopanzolco


FC Hansa Rostock er þýskt knattspyrnufélag stofnað í Rostock. Félagið var eitt af sigursælustu félögum Austur-Þýsku úrvalsdeildarinnar og var lengi eitt af fáum Austur-Þýsku félögunum til að spila í Bundesligunni 1995-2005. Síðustu ár hafa verið félaginu erfið og spilar það nú í 3.Liga.

Tengill
 [ Heimasíða félagsins]

Þýsk knattspyrnufélög
Rostock
stofnað 1965

F.C. Hansa Rostock


A Igreja Presbiteriana Evangélica de Siquim - IPES - ( em inglês Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Sikkim -  EPCS) é uma denominação presbiteriana, estabelecida em Siquim, em 1993, por igrejas que se separaram da Igreja do Norte da Índia. A partir de 2014, é a maior denominação cristã em Siquim.

História

As igrejas presbiterianas são oriundas da Reforma Protestante do século XVI. São as igrejas cristãs protestantes que aderem à teologia reformada e cuja forma de organização eclesiástica se caracteriza pelo governo de assembleia de presbíteros. O governo presbiteriano é comum nas igrejas protestantes que foram modeladas segundo a Reforma protestante suíça, notavelmente na Suíça, Escócia, Países Baixos, França e porções da Prússia, da Irlanda e, mais tarde, nos Estados Unidos.

Nos Séculos XIX e XX, a Igreja da Escócia plantou igrejas no Norte da Índia. Em 1936, foi estabelecida, pelas missões escocesas, a Igreja Presbiteriana Evangélica de Siquim. Todavia, após a independência da Índia, os missionários tiveram que deixar a região. Consequentemente, a maioria dos grupos protestantes no norte do país se uniram para formar a Igreja do Norte da Índia (INI) em 1970.

Em 1993, a maior parte das igrejas vinculadas a INI em Siquim se separaram da denominação e reconstituíram a Igreja Presbiteriana Evangélica de Siquim, a maior denominação cristã no estado desde então.

Desde então, a denominação é conhecida pelas suas ações sociais.

Doutrina

A IPES subscreve o Credo dos Apóstolos, Credo de Atanásio, Credo Niceno-Constantinopolitano, Confissão de Fé de Westminster, Breve Catecismo de Westminster e Catecismo Maior de Westminster.

Relações Intereclesiásticas

A denominação é membro da Fraternidade Presbiteriana e Reformada da Índia.

Denominações presbiterianas na Índia


Pépit'Arts est un groupe d'art musical composé de jeunes enfants Béninois s'exerçant à la musique et au battement de tambours.

Histoire
Groupe pepit'Arts a été créé en 2018 par l'association "Leaders Solidaires De Mededjonou" sous la direction artistique et l'administration de Michel NOUDOGBESSI et est encadré par plusieurs percussionnistes musiciens et metteurs en scène dont le percussionniste Isaac Gaeda ,le chorégraphe Albert Hounga. Cette troupe de percussion s'est frotté sur scène avec de grandes stars de la musique et de la percussion dont Youssou N'dour et Fally Ipupa qui se sont déplacés pour leur rendre visite dans leur village à Médédjonou à environ 7km de la ville de Porto Novo.

Ce groupe participe à plusieurs évènements  culturels  dans  plusieurs pays africains et à l'internationale dont la Côte-d' Ivoire, le Nigeria, le Togo, la France, l'Allemagne, les Emirats Arabes Unies (exposition universelle Dubaï 2020) .Unishttps://youtu.be/HzZ16w7m4Is mettant en valeur la culture Béninoise.

Galerie

Notes et références

Groupe musical béninois
Groupe musical formé en 2018
Groupe de musique traditionnelle

Pépit’arts


التقييم الموثوق  هي مجموعة من المفاهيم التي تقيس «الإنجازات الفكرية الجديرة بالاستحقاق، ولها قيمة جدية وذات معنى مفهوم» مقارنة مع امتحانات الاختيارات المتعددة

يمكن أن يجهز التقييم الموثوق من قبل المدرس أو أن يشرك المتعلمين في تجهيزه فيما يعرف بصوت الطالب. عند استعمال التقييم الموثوق لقياس مستوى تعلم وتحصيل الطالب، يطبق المدرس معايير تتعلق بـ «تركيب المعرفة»، «التحصيل المنضبط» و«مستوى التحصيل الذي يتعدى متطلبات المدرسة».

وصلات خارجية
 عدة التقييم الموثوق
 ماهية التقييم الموثوق
 بلوغ التقييم الموثوق

المراجع

اختبارات قياسية
امتحانات
تعلم تطبيقي
تقويم تعليمي

تقييم موثوق


Henriette Hanotte, dite Monique, est une résistante belge pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale née le  à Sépeaux (Yonne) et morte le  à Nivelles. Dès l'âge de dix-neuf ans, elle a aidé à la fuite de près de 140 aviateurs de la Belgique occupée vers la France dans le cadre du réseau Comète. Le Bureau de la Guerre britannique lui a donné le nom de code « Monique » .

Biographie

Jeunesse
Henriette Hanotte passe sa jeunesse dans le village rural de Rumes en Belgique, près de la frontière française. Ses parents dirigent un hôtel et une ferme, où elle et son jeune frère aident à s'occuper des animaux. Elle va à l'école chaque jour dans le village français voisin de Bachy, et se fait ainsi connaître des agents des postes de douane.

Activités de résistance
En mai 1940, peu après l'occupation allemande de la Belgique, Henriette Hanotte et son père aident deux officiers qui s'étaient séparés lors de la retraite du Corps expéditionnaire britannique à Dunkerque. Déguisés, ils les conduisent à travers un poste de douane et vers la France.

Henriette Hanotte est ensuite recrutée par la section britannique du War Office, le MI19 pour participer activement au réseau de résistance belge, le réseau Comète, et reçoit le nom de code « Monique ». Au cours de la guerre, elle et sa famille aident à l'évasion de près de 140 aviateurs des forces alliées, soit en les accompagnant à travers la frontière, soit en voyageant avec eux en train vers des villes comme Lille et Paris. Ce faisant, elle risque sa vie et celle de sa famille.

En 1944, alors qu'elle se rend à la planque qu'elle utilise à Paris, elle découvre que son réseau a été dénoncé par un collaborateur belge. Ses supérieurs britanniques lui ordonnent alors de s'enfuir vers l'Angleterre en suivant le même itinéraire que celui emprunté par les aviateurs qu'elle avait aidés. Elle s'échappe en compagnie de Micheline Dumon-Ugeux (Michou). Après avoir traversé la France jusqu'en Espagne via les Pyrénées, elle atteint Gibraltar et de là s'envole pour la Grande-Bretagne. Elle devient sous-lieutenant ATS (Auxiliary Territorial Service - Special Forces), et suit l'entraînement de parachutiste en Angleterre. Elle apprend à être un agent secret dans le but d'être parachutée en France dans le cadre de la contre-offensive des Ardennes. Cependant, elle n'y est jamais envoyée et reste en Angleterre jusqu'à la fin de la guerre.

Après la guerre
Henriette Hanotte célèbre le VE Day (, « Jour de la Victoire en Europe » le 8 mai 1945) à Londres avant de retourner dans la maison familiale en Belgique. En 1945, elle épouse le petit ami qu'elle a connu pendant la guerre et qui a été garde-frontière belge. Ils ont par la suite deux enfants. Elle continue d'utiliser le prénom de Monique tout au long de sa vie.

Elle meurt le  à l'âge de 101 ans à Nivelles.

Honneurs

Par arrêté royal du , Henriette Hanotte est officiellement reconnue comme Adjudant ARA (Agent de Renseignement et d'Action, au Service de renseignement et d'action) du  au .

, la plus haute qu'elle reçoit est la médaille de la Liberté avec palme de bronze, décernée par les États-Unis.

En , un circuit de randonnée est ouvert pour marquer l'itinéraire emprunté par Monique Hanotte pour aider les aviateurs à fuir la Belgique vers la France.

Elle est également mise à l'honneur en 2016 par la cité aclote, dans le cadre de la Journée internationale des femmes.

Une statue de « Monique » est installée sur la place de la Liberté dans la commune française de Bachy, la représentant en train d'aider le bombardier américain Charles Carlson à s'échapper de Belgique. En 2015, elle reçoit la citoyenneté d'honneur de Bachy.

Elle est nommée citoyenne d'honneur de la ville de Nivelles à l'occasion de son  anniversaire le .

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Musée national de la Résistance
 Occupation allemande de la Belgique pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
 Forces belges libres
 Österreichische Freiheitsfront

Liens externes

 .

Naissance en août 1920
Résistante belge
Personnalité utilisant un pseudonyme
Centenaire belge
Décès à 101 ans
Décès à Nivelles
Décès en février 2022
Naissance dans l'Yonne

Henriette Hanotte


Die Japanische Badmintonmeisterschaft 1985 war die 39. Austragung der nationalen Titelkämpfe im Badminton in Japan.

Medaillengewinner

Weblinks
badnet.jp

1985
Badminton 1985

Japanische Badmintonmeisterschaft 1985


Michael O'Donoghue  (January 5, 1940 – November 8, 1994) was an American writer and performer. He was known for his dark and destructive style of comedy and humor, and was a major contributor to National Lampoon magazine. He was the first head writer of Saturday Night Live and the first performer to deliver a line on the series.

Early life
O'Donoghue was born Michael Henry Donohue in Sauquoit, New York. His father, Michael, worked as an engineer, while his mother, Barbara, stayed home to raise him.

O'Donoghue's early career included work as a playwright and stage actor at the University of Rochester where he drifted in and out of school beginning in 1959. His first published writing appeared in the school's humor magazine Ugh!

After a brief time working as a writer in San Francisco, California, O'Donoghue returned to Rochester and participated in regional theater. During this period, he formed a group called Bread and Circuses specifically to perform his early plays which were of an experimental nature and often quite disturbing to the local audience. Among these are an absurdist work exploring themes of sadism entitled "The Twilight Maelstrom of Cookie Lavagetto", a cycle of one-act plays called Le Theatre de Malaise and the 1964 dark satire The Death of JFK.

His first work of greater note was the picaresque feature "The Adventures of Phoebe Zeit-Geist", published as a serial in Evergreen Review. This was an erotic satire of the comic book genre, later released in revised and expanded form as a book by that magazine's publisher, Grove Press. Drawn by Frank Springer, the comic detailed the adventures of debutante Phoebe Zeit-Geist as she was variously kidnapped and rescued by a series of bizarre Inuit, Nazis, Chinese foot fetishists, lesbian assassins and other characters. Doonesbury comic-strip creator Garry Trudeau cited the strip as an early inspiration, saying, "[A] very heavy influence was a serial in the Sixties called 'Phoebe Zeitgeist'. . . . It was an absolutely brilliant, deadpan send-up of adventure comics, but with a very edgy modernist kind of approach. To this day, I hold virtually every panel in my brain. It's very hard not to steal from it."

In 1968, O'Donoghue worked with illustrator and fellow Evergreen Review veteran Phil Wende to create the illustrated book The Incredible, Thrilling Adventures of the Rock. Biographer Dennis Perrin described it as having "no plot. The same rock sits in the same spot in the same forest for thousands of years. Nothing much happens. Then, while two boys roam the wood in search of a Christmas tree, one sees the rock and is inspired."

Taking the idea to the publisher Random House, the pair sold the book to the young editor Christopher Cerf. Cerf was a former member of the Harvard Lampoon, and O'Donoghue's first acquaintance from that group. Through Cerf, O'Donoghue would meet George W. S. Trow and other former Lampoon writers looking to start a national comedy magazine.

In 1969, O'Donoghue and Trow co-wrote the script for the James Ivory / Ismail Merchant film Savages. This film tells the story of a tribe of prehistoric "Mud People" who happen upon a deserted Gatsby-esque 1930s manor house. The Mud People evolve into contemporary high-society types who enjoy a decadent weekend party at the manor before ultimately devolving back into Mud People. Savages was eventually released in 1972.

National Lampoon magazine
O'Donoghue was, along with Henry Beard and Doug Kenney, a founding writer and later an editor for the satiric National Lampoon magazine. As one of many outstanding National Lampoon contributors, O'Donoghue created some of the distinctive black comedy which characterized the magazine's flavor for most of its first decade. His most famous contributions include "The Vietnamese Baby Book", in which a baby's war wounds are cataloged in a keepsake; the "Ezra Taft Benson High School Yearbook", a precursor to the Lampoons High School Yearbook Parody; the comic "Tarzan of the Cows"; and the continuing feature "Underwear for the Deaf". Two of his parodies were reprinted in the anthology National Lampoon: This Side of Parodies (Warner Paperback Library, 1974).

He was also the editor and main contributor to the Lampoon'''s Encyclopedia of Humor. He co-wrote the album Radio Dinner with Tony Hendra, and because of the album's success, he was assigned to direct and act on The National Lampoon Radio Hour. After 13 episodes, publisher Matty Simmons asked O'Donoghue to return to the magazine. A week later, O'Donoghue and Simmons argued over what was later revealed to be a simple misunderstanding, and O'Donoghue left.

It was at the Lampoon that O'Donoghue met Anne Beatts, with whom he became romantically involved. The two later moved on to work at Saturday Night Live together.

Saturday Night Live
On the pioneering late-night sketch comedy program Saturday Night Live (originally called NBC's Saturday Night), creator and executive producer Lorne Michaels assigned him the position of head writer. O'Donoghue appeared in the first show's opening sketch as an English-language teacher, instructing John Belushi to repeat phrases such as, "I would like to feed your fingertips to the wolverines," and, "We are out of badgers. Would you accept a wolverine in its place?" before dropping dead of a heart attack. He later made appearances in the persona of a Vegas-style "impressionist" who would pay great praise to showbiz mainstays such as talk show host Mike Douglas and singers Tony Orlando and Dawn—and then speculate how they would react if steel needles were plunged into their eyes. The shrieking fits that followed are believed to be inspired by O'Donoghue's real-life agonies from chronic migraine headaches.

O'Donoghue, in reference to his refusal to write for Jim Henson's Land of Gorch sketches which appeared in the early years of SNL, quipped, "I won't write for felt."

Later, O'Donoghue cultivated the persona of the grim "Mr. Mike", a coldly decadent figure who favored viewers with comically dark "Least-Loved Bedtime Stories" such as "The Little Engine that Died".  One of his most notable SNL sketches is the Star Trek spoof "The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise" that was a tour-de-force for Belushi.

In 1979, he produced a television special for NBC, featuring most of the SNL cast, called Mr. Mike's Mondo Video. Because of its raunchy content, the network rejected the program, which was then released as a theatrical film.

O'Donoghue returned to SNL in 1981 when new executive producer Dick Ebersol needed an old hand to help revive the faltering series. O'Donoghue's volatile personality and mood swings made this difficult: his first day on the show he screamed at all the cast members, forcing everyone to write on the walls with magic markers. This horrified Catherine O'Hara so much that she quit before ever appearing on air. The only one he liked was Eddie Murphy, reportedly because Murphy was not afraid of him. According to the book Live from New York, O'Donoghue tried to shake things up on that first day by saying "this is what the show lacks" and spray-painting the word "DANGER" on the wall of his office.

O'Donoghue was released from the show after writing the never-aired sketch "The Last Days in Silverman's Bunker", which compared NBC network president Fred Silverman's problems at the network to Adolf Hitler's final days. It was planned that John Belushi would return to play Silverman, and a great deal of work had been done on creating sets for the sketch (which would have run for about twenty minutes), including the construction of a large Nazi eagle clutching an NBC corporate logo instead of a swastika. Another unaired O'Donoghue sketch from around the same period, "The Good Excuse", also involved Nazi jokes. In the sketch, a captured German officer berated by his captors for Nazi war crimes explains that he had a good excuse, which he whispers into their ears, inaudible to the viewers. His captors are quickly persuaded that the unheard excuse was, in fact, an acceptable reason for the crimes of the Third Reich.

On October 26, 1986, O'Donoghue was further connected to SNL by virtue of his marriage to the show's musical director, Cheryl Hardwick,  in the late 1980s. The union was fodder for a "Weekend Update" joke in which Dennis Miller noted that the couple was registered at Black and Decker.

O'Donoghue was one of several original writers rehired by Lorne Michaels upon his return to produce the show in 1985. O'Donoghue's intention was to write and direct short films for the show; however, none were completed and he wrote little else, apart from a monologue seemingly designed to humiliate Chevy Chase when he hosted the second show of the season.  (The monologue began, "Right after I stopped doing cocaine, I turned into a giant garden slug, and, for the life of me, I don't know why.")  The monologue never aired, and O'Donoghue was fired a month later after telling The New York Times that SNL had become "an embarrassment.  It's like watching old men die."  His final contribution to the show was a song, "Boulevard of Broken Balls", co-written with his wife Hardwick and performed by Christopher Walken on the October 24, 1992 episode.

Other work
O'Donoghue acted in a supporting role in the 1985 comedy Head Office. He had small parts in the 1979 movie Manhattan (which poked fun at SNL), the 1987 movie Wall Street, and the 1988 movie he co-wrote, Scrooged. O'Donoghue said he loathed the theatrical release of Scrooged, insisting until his death that he and co-writer and best friend Mitch Glazer had written a much better film. He also wrote or co-wrote a number of unproduced screenplays, of which the Chevy Chase collaboration Saturday Matinee (a.k.a. Planet of the Cheap Special Effects) remains legendary in Hollywood screenwriter circles.

O'Donoghue also found some success as a country music songwriter, his most notable credit being Dolly Parton's "Single Women" (1982). The song, originally composed for a 1981 SNL skit, later inspired the 1984 ABC TV movie Single Bars, Single Women starring Tony Danza and Jean Smart, which was produced by O'Donoghue.

In 1992, O'Donoghue created a sketch show pilot called TV for the Fox network. It featured Kelly Lynch and it was directed by Walter Williams, the creator of Mr. Bill, but like a lot of O'Donoghue's work, it was too out there for primetime TV.

Death
O'Donoghue suffered a long history of chronic migraine headaches. On November 8, 1994, he died of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 54.

Biography

Dennis Perrin's biography Mr. Mike: The Life and Work of Michael O'Donoghue was published in 1998 by Avon Books. The Barnes and Noble overview read, "This is the unvarnished story of a towering figure in American popular culture, the prime artistic force behind an entire generation of humorists and satirists."

Writing creditsEvergreen Review (1966, 1969) (Periodical)The Adventures of Phoebe Zeit-Geist (with Frank Springer) (1966) (Comic)National Lampoon (1970–1974) (Periodical)National Lampoon Radio Dinner (with Tony Hendra and Bob Tischler) (1972) (LP)The National Lampoon Encyclopedia of Humor (1973) (Editor)Savages (with George W.S. Trow) (1972)National Lampoon Radio Hour (1973–1974) (Radio)Tarzoon: Shame of the Jungle (with Anne Beatts) (1975) (Adaptation)Saturday Night Live (1975–1978, 1981) (TV)Gilda Live (with Gilda Radner, Lorne Michaels, Anne Beatts, Rosie Shuster, Alan Zweibel, Marilyn Suzanne Miller, Paul Shaffer and Don Novello) (1980) (Stage/Film)Mr. Mike's Mondo Video (with Mitch Glazer, Emily Prager and Dirk Wittenborn) (1979)Single Women (1982) (Song)Scrooged (with Mitch Glazer) (1988)Spin Magazine ("NOT MY FAULT" Column) (1993–1994) (Periodical)

Unproduced screenplaysArrive Alive (with Mitch Glazer)Biker Heaven (with Terry Southern and Nelson Lyon)Saturday Matinee (with Chevy Chase)War of the Insect Gods (with Mitch Glazer, Emily Prager and Dirk Wittenborn)

Filmography

See also

"The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise"

Notes

ReferencesSaturday Night by Doug Hill and Jeff Weingrad, 1986.Going Too Far by Tony Hendra, 1987. .Mr. Mike: The Life and Work of Michael O'Donoghue by Dennis Perrin, 1999. .
Mark's Very Large National Lampoon Site: Michael O'Donoghue

External links

The Big Dave Page: "Things I Like: Current Feature – Michael O'Donoghue" (four "Not My Fault!" columns by O'Donoghue, from Spin magazine)
O'Donoghue at Mark's Very Large National Lampoon Site
O'Donoghue at the Evergreen Review
Bloch, Mark. The First Saturday Night Live Movie: Robert Delford Brown is "Jo Jo, The Human Hot Plate" in Mr. Mike's Mondo Video. (from Robert Delford Brown: Meat, Maps and Militant Metaphysics, Cameron Art Museum, Wilmington, North Carolina, 2008. , .
Michael O'Donoghue, How to Write Good
 Mr. Mike's America: A Comic's Trek with SNL's First Head Writer by Paul Slansky, Playboy'', March 1983

1940 births
1994 deaths
American male comedians
American male film actors
American humorists
American male journalists
American magazine editors
American male screenwriters
American male television actors
American comedy writers
National Lampoon people
20th-century American male actors
People from Sauquoit, New York
American male television writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American male writers
Screenwriters from New York (state)
20th-century American comedians
20th-century American screenwriters

Michael O'Donoghue


Das Swartz Bay Ferry Terminal ist ein Fährhafen in der kanadischen Provinz British Columbia. Er liegt im Süden der Insel Vancouver Island an der Bucht des Puget Sound, in der Nähe von Sidney im Capital Regional District und der Tidenhub beträgt hier im Regelfall zwischen 0,5 und 3 Meter. Der Fährhafen liegt unter anderem auf der Route des Highway 17.

BC Ferries (ausgeschrieben British Columbia Ferry Services Inc.), als der Hauptbetreiber der Fährverbindungen an der Westküste von British Columbia, betreibt von hier aus verschiedene Routen.

Vom Fährterminal besteht u. a. eine Anbindung mit öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln an die Innenstadt von Victoria. Zurzeit wird die Strecke durch die Buslinien 70 (Expressbus), 71, 72, 76 und 81 des Victoria Regional Transit System bedient, welches von BC Transit betrieben wird. Mit dem Expressbus 70 beträgt die Fahrzeit vom Fährterminal bis in die Innenstadt weniger als eine Stunde.

Routen
Von hier werden folgende Ziele angelaufen:
 nach Vancouver über (Tsawwassen)
 nach Galiano Island (Sturdies Bay)
 nach Mayne Island (Village Bay)
 nach Pender Island (Otter Bay)
 nach Saturna Island (Lyall Harbour)

Weblinks
 BC Ferries: Fahrpläne
 Victoria Regional Transit System: Fahrpläne

Einzelnachweise

Verkehr (Vancouver Island)
BC Ferries
Pazifikhafen
Hafen in Nordamerika
Capital Regional District
Hafen in British Columbia

Swartz Bay Ferry Terminal


Vlak na gumenim kotačima oblik je brzog gradskog prijevoza koji se najčešće koristi kao metro sustav podzemne i nadzemne željeznice.

Vlakovi na gumenim kotačima koriste kombinaciju cestovne i željezničke tehnologije. Vozila imaju kotače s gumama koji se pokreću na kotrljajućim jastučićima unutar vodilica za vuču, kao i tradicionalne željezničke čelične kotače s dubokim rubovima na čeličnim tračnicama za navođenje kroz konvencionalne skretnice, kao i navođenje u slučaju kvara gume. Većina vlakova na gumenim kotačima izrađena je namjenski i dizajnirana za sustav na kojem prometuje.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 TRUCK (bogie) infovisual.info
 Rubber tyred metro railsystem.net

Željeznička vozila

Vlak na gumenim kotačima


Thor Philip Axel Jensen (født 3. december 1863 på Frederiksberg, død 12. september 1947 på Lágafell) var en dansk købmand, trawlerskibsreder og godsejer, der udvandrede til Island som teenager og blev Islands førende forretningsmand i første halvdel af det 20. århundrede, hvor han introducerede stordrift og moderne kapitalisme til landet. Hans selskab Kveldúlfur hf. var Islands største i mellemkrigstiden. Jensens efterkommere var frem til 1970'erne Islands rigeste og mest magtfulde familie, og tæller bl.a. statsminister Olafur Thors.

Opvækst
Jensens far døde, da han var otte og to år senere blev han blev sendt på Det Kongelige Opfostringshus i København. Forstanderen kendte købmand Valdemar Bryde i Borðeyri i det nordvestlige Island, og efter afsluttet skolegang blev Thor Jensen i 1878 sendt derop som lærling hos købmanden.

Forretningsmand

Efter fem års læretid blev han faktor for et norsk handelshus i Borgarnes, og drev snart egen forretning der samt i Akranes. Han gik fallit efter et skib med varer til ham gik ned, og flytte derefter til Hfanafjördur, da han havde samlet en ny stat¨rtkapital flyttede han til Reykjavík og åbnede en købmandsbutik.

I 1901 oprettede Jensenn handelshuset Godthåb i Reykjavik, hvor handelen med skibsproviantering og bygningsmaterialer blomstrede, da byen netop i disse år voksede stærkt som det selvstyrende Islands hovedby. Samtidig begyndte det islandske trawlerfiskeri, som Jensen var en af pionererne indenfor. Han var aktionær i og direktør for trawlerselskabet Alliance der 1907 byggede den første islandske trawler. Ligeledes var han aktionær i det dansk-islandske firma P. J. Thorsteinsson & Co., men hans hovedvirksomhed blev aktieselskabet Kveldulfur, som han oprettede sammen med sine tre ældste sønner. Det var i mellemkrigstiden Islands største fiskerikoncern med trawlere, virksomheder til forarbejdning af fangsten samt eksport af klipfisk. I 1920'erne begyndte Jensen stordrift indenfor landbruget. Iløbet af få år forvandlede han en mindre landbrugsejendom i nærheden af Reykjavik til Islands største gods med omkring 250 køer og moderne maskiner. I mange år ansås han for at være Islands dygtigste forretningsmand, og under den første alvorlige strejke 1916 var han arbejdsgivernes leder.

Politik
Jensen var ikke aktiv i Islands politiske debat, men var i nogle år konservativt medlem af Reykjaviks kommunalbestyrelse. I 1930erne kom Jensen og hans sønner i stærk opposition til Fremskridtspartiet og andelsbevægelsen, da grundlæggelsen af andelsmejerier stred mod deres landbrugsinteresser.

Familie
Thor Jensens far Jens Christian Jensen var murermester. Thor Jensen havde elleve helsøskende, heriblandt Alfred Råvad, samt fire halvsøstre. Jensens sønner tog navnet Thors og blev kendt som Thoranar. Ólafur var Islands statsminister fem gange mellem 1942 og 1959, Thor ambassadør i Washington, mens Kjartan og Richard videreførte faderens virksomheder.

Populærkultur
Thor Jensen og hans oldebarn Björgólfur Thor Björgólfsson er emnet for Ulla Boje Rasmussens dokumentarfilm Thors Saga fra 2011.

Noter

Kilder
 Guðmundur Magnússon, Thorsararnir: auður - völd - örlög (Almenna bókafélagið, 2006)
 'Thor Jensen látinn', Morgunblaðið, 13 September 1947, http://www.timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?pageId=1264783
 'Thor Jensen - minninarorð', Morgunblaðið, 18 September 1947, http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?pageId=1264843
 'Thor Jensen - hinn síðasti mikli landnámsmaður', Morgunblaðið, 3 December 1963, http://www.timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?pageId=1354486
 Rithöfundur til varnar langafa. Ekkert líkt með Thor Jensen og Björgólfi Guðmundssyni; fra Eyjunni.is: http://eyjan.is/blog/2009/08/05/rithofundur-til-varnar-langafa-ekkert-likt-med-thor-jensen-og-bjorgolfi

Eksterne henvisninger

Erhvervsfolk fra Danmark
Erhvervsfolk fra Island
Danskere i 1800-tallet
Islændinge i 1900-tallet
Islændinge i 1800-tallet
Personer fra Frederiksberg

Thor Jensen


Franklin Roberto Lashley (d. 16 Temmuz 1976), Amerikalı profesyonel güreşçi ve eski karma dövüş sanatçısıdır. Şu anda WWE'nin Raw markasında Bobby Lashley ring adıyla performans göstermektedir.

Profesyonel güreş kariyeri

WWE (2005−2008)
Lashley, 2005 yılında WWE ile bir sözleşme imzaladı. İlk başta Blaster Lashley adıyla Ohio Valley Wrestling'de güreşti fakat daha sonra Bobby Lashley ismiyle devam etti. SmackDown'ın 23 Eylül 2005 tarihli bölümünde WWE başlangıcını yaptı. Kasım 2006'da WWE'ye bağlı ECW şirketine geçti ve bir ay sonra Big Show ile çıktığı karşılaşmadan galip ayrılarak şirketin ana kemeri olan ECW Dünya Ağırsiklet Sampiyonluğu'nu kazandı. WrestleMania 23'te Donald Trump ve Mr. McMahon bir iddiaya girdiler. İkisi de birer güreşçi seçeceklerdi ve kazanan kaybedenin saçını kesecekti. Donald Trump, Bobby Lashley'i seçti. Mr. McMahon ise Umaga'yı seçti. Ardından da Steve Austin olaya karıştı ve hakem oldu. Lashley maçı kazandı ve Mr. McMahon saçından oldu. Backlash 2007'de Lashley, ECW Dünya Ağırsiklet Sampiyonluğu'nu bir handikap maçında Mr. McMahon'a kaybetti. One Night Stand 2007'de kemerini geri kazandı. Daha sonra Raw'a draft olmasıyla 7 aylık ECW dönemi Lashley için sona erdi.

Haziran 2007'de Raw'a draft olmasıyla beraber kemeri boşa çıktı. Daha sonra kemeri aldı ve ikiye ayırdı. Lashley, Raw'da rakibini en kısa sürede yenen kişi oldu ve WWE Şampiyonluğu için maç yapmaya hak kazandı. Ama The Great American Bash 2007'de Şampiyon John Cena kemerini korudu. 30 Temmuz 2007'de Mr. Kennedy ile karşılaştı ve bu maçı kaybetti. Daha sonra kendisi ayrılmak istemese de sevgilisi Kristal'e yapılan haksızlıklardan dolayı WWE onun ve sevgilisinin kontratını feshetti ve 4 Şubat 2008'de WWE'den ayrıldı.

Bu ayrılığın ardından Lashley, MMA'ye katılmak için uzun süre antrenman yaptı. 31 Ekim 2008'de American Fight League'de göründü. MMA'deki ilk maçında Joshua Franklin adlı rakibini saniyeler içinde yendi. Daha sonra çıktığı 17 maçta 15 galibiyet alarak MMA'de de iyi bir kariyer elde etmiş oldu. 20 Nisan 2009'da bir TNA etkinliği olan Lockdown 2009'da göründü ve 5 Nisan 2018 tarihine kadar orada güreşmeye devam etti.

WWE'e geri dönüş (2018−günümüz)
9 Nisan 2018 tarihli Raw etkinliğinde, WrestleMania 34'ten bir sonraki gece Lashley, WWE'ye geri döndü ve Elias'a saldırdı. Geri dönüşünün ilk ayında ilk galibiyetini 5'e 5'lik bir tag team maçında Bobby Roode, Braun Strowman, Finn Bálor ve Seth Rollins ile takım olarak Bo Dallas, Curtis Axel, Kevin Owens, Sami Zayn ve The Miz'e karşı aldı. Daha sonra Backlash 2018'de Braun Strowman ile takım olarak Kevin Owens ve Sami Zayn karşısında bir galibiyet aldı. 8 Ekim 2018 tarihli Raw şovunda heel turn geçirdi. 14 Ocak 2019 tarihli Raw şovunda Dean Ambrose ve Seth Rollins ile çıktığı üçlü tehdit mücadelesinden galip ayrılarak kariyerinde ilk kez Kıtalararası Sampiyonluğu'nu kazandı. Bu maçtan 13 gün sonra Royal Rumble 2019'a 26. sıradan girdi ve 13 saniyede Seth Rollins tarafından elendi. Elimination Chamber 2019'da Finn Bálor'a kemeri kaybetti fakat 1 ay sonra geri alarak kariyerinin ikinci Kıtalararası Sampiyonluğu'nu kazandı. Daha sonra kemer SmackDown'a transfer edilerek elinden alındı. 30 Eylül 2019 tarihli Raw şovunda Lashley; Rusev ve Seth Rollins arasında geçen bir maçı böldü ve daha sonra Rusev'in eşi Lana ile öpüşerek Rusev'e karşı bir feud başlattı. TLC 2019'da Rusev ile karşılaştı ve Lana sayesinde maçı kazandı. Şubat ayında Suudi Arabistan'da düzenlenen Super ShowDown 2020'de bir gauntlet maçına dahil oldu fakat R-Truth tarafından elendi. WrestleMania 36'da Aleister Black ile karşılaştı ve mağlup oldu.

Şampiyonlukları ve başarıları

Amatör güreş
 Uluslararası Güreş Federasyonları Birliği
 Noel Turnuvası Serbest Stil Gümüş Madalya Sahibi (2001)
 Uluslararası Askerî Sporlar Konseyi
 Silahlı Kuvvetler Şampiyonluğu Serbest Stil Altın Madalya Sahibi (2003)
 Silahlı Kuvvetler Şampiyonluğu Serbest Stil Gümüş Madalya Sahibi (2002)
 Askeri Dünya Şampiyonluğu Serbest Stil Gümüş Madalya Sahibi (2002)
 ABD Güreşi
 Dünya Takımı Denemelerinde Kıdemli Serbest Stil Madalya Sahibi (2003)
 Ulusal Üniversiteler Spor Birliği
 All-American (1995, 1996, 1997, 1998)
 Kolej Ulusal Şampiyonluğu (1996, 1997, 1998)
 Kansas Güreş Koçları Birliği
 Yılın Kolej Güreşçisi (1998)
 Ulusal Lise Spor Koçları Birliği
 Kıdemli All-American (1994)
 Kansas Eyaleti Lise Aktiviteleri Birliği
 6A All-State (1993, 1994)
 6A Lise Eyalet Şampiyonluğu (1994)
 6A Lise Eyalet Şampiyonluğu İkincisi (1993)

Karma dövüş sanatları
 Shark Fights
 Shark Fights Ağırsiklet Şampiyonluğu (1 kez)
 Xtreme Fight Night
 XFN Ağırsiklet Şampiyonluğu (1 kez)

Profesyonel güreş
 Alabama Wrestling Federation
 AWF Takım Şampiyonluğu (1 kez) – The Boogeyman ile
 Italian Wrestling Superstar
 IWS Ağırsiklet Şampiyonluğu (1 kez)
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Yılın En Çok Gelişen Güreşçisi (2006)
 Yılın Çaylağı (2005)
 2007 yılındaki PWI 500'de en iyi 500 bireysel güreşçi sıralamasında 9. oldu.
 Total Nonstop Action Wrestling/Impact Wrestling
 TNA/Impact Dünya Ağırsiklet Şampiyonluğu (4 kez)
 TNA Dağın Kralı Şampiyonluğu (1 kez)
 TNA X Bölümü Şampiyonluğu (1 kez)
 TNA Şampiyonluğu Turnuvası (2009)
 TNA Joker's Wild (2015)
 World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE
 WWE Championship (2 kez, şu anda)
 ECW World Championship (2 kez)
 WWE Intercontinental Championship (2 kez)
 WWE United States Championship (3 kez)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 MMA profili

1976 doğumlular
Amerikalı erkek dizi oyuncuları
Amerikalı erkek profesyonel güreşçiler
Afrikalı Amerikalı erkek oyuncular
Karma dövüş sanatçıları
Yaşayan insanlar

Bobby Lashley


An Phylloscirpus acaulis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Rodolfo Amando Philippi, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Paul Goetghebeur och David Alan Simpson. An Phylloscirpus acaulis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Phylloscirpus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 P. a. acaulis
 P. a. pachycaulis

Mga kasarigan

Phylloscirpus

Phylloscirpus acaulis


Isabelle Jakovljevna Kremer, skraćeno Isa Kremer (Bălți, 21. listopada 1887. – Córdoba, 7. srpnja 1956.), moldavska sopranistica rusko-židovskog podrijetla, poznatija pod nadimkom "Nardona diva".

Još kao mlada djevojka postala je zapažena po svojim revolucionarnim pjesničkim radovima objavjlivanim u novinama u Odesi. Opernu karijeru započela je u Europi početkom 1920-ih, a odlaskom u Sjedinjene Države 1924. posvećuje se solističkoj karijeri i izvođenju recitala. Posljednje godine života provela je u Argentini, gdje 1956. u Córdobi umire od raka želudca.

Kao recitalist izvodila je i folklornu glazbu koja je obuhvaćala repertoar na 24 jezika. Prva je žena koja je izvodila Klezmer i glazbu na jidišu. Osim recitala, nastupala je i u brojnim vodviljima.

Izvori

Moldavski umjetnici
Operni pjevači
Židovi

Isa Kremer


Çandırlar, Adana ilinin Feke ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Adana iline 150 km, Feke ilçesine 28 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Feke'nin mahalleleri

Çandırlar, Feke


Gasztony (em : Gasting) é um município da Hungria, situado no condado de Vas. Tem  de área e sua população em 2015 foi estimada em 422 habitantes.

Localidades de Vas (Hungria)

Gasztony


Elena Jivoglod (en ), née en 1991, est une personnalité politique biélorusse.

Tout d'abord directrice d'une agence de marketing, elle rejoint en 2020 l'opposition biélorusse à Alexandre Loukachenko et s'exile, d'abord en Ukraine, puis en Lituanie et en Pologne.

Fondatrice de l'association Tchestnyïé Lioudi (, littéralement « Honnêtes Gens »), elle rejoint à ce titre en 2020 l'administration nationale anti-crise, où elle exerce les fonctions de coordinatrice jusqu'en 2022.

Biographie

Jeunesse et formation

Engagement politique

Contestation électorale
En , à la suite de l'élection présidentielle qui voit la réélection très contestée d'Alexandre Loukachenko, elle fonde l'association Tchestnyïé Lioudi (), c'est-à-dire les « Honnêtes Gens ». Celle-ci a pour but premier de démontrer la fraude électorale orchestrée par le régime biélorusse : les électeurs sont invités à photographier leur bulletin de vote et à envoyer leurs photos sur le site, afin de prouver la sous-estimation délibérée du score de Svetlana Tikhanovskaïa.

L'association atteint son but en démontrant que la candidate d'opposition a réuni un nombre de voix bien plus élevé que celui proclamé par la commission électorale.

Exil
Dès le , soit cinq jours avant le début de l'élection présidentielle, Elena Jivoglod doit fuir la répression policière en se réfugiant d'abord à Kiev, puis en Lituanie et en Pologne. Cet exil, au départ prévu pour dix jours, se prolonge pendant plusieurs années.

Entre  et , la police fouille trois fois son appartement de Minsk ainsi que plusieurs fois le siège de l'association.

Membre du gouvernement en exil
En 2020, elle est nommée coordinatrice de l'administration nationale anti-crise. Le , elle quitte l'équipe pour se consacrer à l'activité associative.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Opposition en Biélorussie
 Administration nationale anti-crise

Droits de l'homme en Biélorussie

Elena Jivoglod


Beluran ist eine Stadt im malaysischen Bundesstaat Sabah. Sie gehört zum gleichnamigen Verwaltungsbezirk (Distrikt Beluran) und liegt 80 Kilometer westlich von Sandakan. Die Stadt ist Teil des Gebietes Sandakan Division, das die Distrikte Beluran, Kinabatangan, Sandakan und Tongod umfasst.

Etymologie
Der Name Beluran stammt aus der Sprache der Tidong und Dusun am Sungai Labuk. Ursprünglich war damit in Verbindung mit einem Hügel eine Landmarke (Buludan) gemeint. Infolge falscher Aussprache und Schreibweise entstand daraus das heutige Beluran.

Demographie
Die Bevölkerung der Stadt Beluran beträgt laut der letzten Volkszählung 3.132 Einwohner. Die Bevölkerung besteht aus einer Mischung verschiedener Ethnien, darunter vor allem Tidong, Kadazan, Dusun und Orang Sungai. Wie in vielen anderen Städten Sabahs gibt es auch hier eine beträchtliche Anzahl illegaler Immigranten aus den nahegelegenen Philippinen, vor allem aus Sulu und Mindanao, die in der Bevölkerungsstatistik nicht verzeichnet sind.

Literatur
 K. G. Tregonning: A History Of Modern Sabah (North Borneo 1881–1963). 2. Ausgabe. University of Malaya Press, Kuala Lumpur 1965, Reprint 1967.
 Owen Rutter: British North Borneo – An Account of its History, Ressources and Native Tribes. Constable & Company, London 1922; .
 W. H. Treacher: British Borneo – Sketches of Brunai, Sarawak, Labuan and North Borneo. Government print department, Singapore 1891; .

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Distrikt Beluran
Ort auf Borneo

Beluran


طه إسماعيل لاعب ومدرب كرة قدم مصري شهير. لعب للنادي الأهلي المصري ومنتخب مصر وتولى تدريبهما.

البداية

وُلد طه إسماعيل في 8 فبراير 1939 بالمعادى، وبدأ ممارسة اللعبة في شوارع الحي ثم التحق بالمدرسة الابتدائية في عام 1943 وانضم بعدها إلى النادي المصري القاهري وتألق بشكل لافت للنظر مع زميله ميمي الشربيني قبل أن يكتشفهما الاهلى ـ مكتشف النجوم في ذلك الوقت ـ لينضم طه إسماعيل إلى صفوف الأهلي عام 1951.

بعد أيام معدودة من انضمامه للأهلي اختاره المدرب المجرى تيتكوش المدير الفني للأهلي لأداء إحدى المباريات الاستعراضية في معسكر النادي بمرسى مطروح، ونجح الشيخ طه في إحراز هدفين فاز بهما الأهلي لينضم لصفوف الفريق الأول ويبدأ رحلته داخل المستطيل الأخضر.

كلاعب

استمر الشيخ طه مع الفريق الأول بالأهلي لمدة عشر سنوات حصد خلالها العديد من البطولات المحلية بالإضافة ولقب بقاعدة الصواريخ إلى فوزه بلقب أفضل لاعب في مصر عامي 1961 و1962. وقد امتاز بوفرة مجهوده وقدرته على اللعب في أكثر من مركز حيث لعب في مركز الدفاع الأيسر كما لعب كجناح أيسر وفي قلب الهجوم.

اعتزاله

اتخذ نجم الأهلي السابق قراره باعتزال اللعبة وقرر التحول إلى العمل التدريبي فسافر نهاية عام 1967 إلى ألمانيا الشرقية للحصول على دورات تدريبية متقدمة في التدريب عاد بعدها ليتولى تدريب فريق بنها ولكنه لم يستمر أكثر من عام في منصبه.

مع بداية عام 1969 أعلن الشيخ طه أنه سيعود للملاعب وبدأ في إنقاص وزنه والعودة للتدريبات لاكتساب اللياقة البدنية ولكن توقف النشاط الرياضي في مصر لمدة تزيد عن خمس سنوات بسبب حرب الاستنزاف جعله يقرر اعتزال اللعب نهائيا في عام 1970.

كمدرب

تولى الشيخ طه تدريب منتخبات الأردن والسعودية والمنتخب الوطني الأول بالإضافة إلى النادي الأهلي المصري والعديد من اندية السعودية والإمارات ونجح في الفوز معه بعدة بطولات.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مصريون
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص مصريون في القرن 20
رياضيون مصريون مغتربون في السعودية
لاعبو الدوري المصري الممتاز
لاعبو النادي الأهلي (مصر)
لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 1959
لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 1962
لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 1963
لاعبو كرة قدم أولمبيون مصريون
لاعبو كرة قدم في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1964
لاعبو كرة قدم مصريون
لاعبو منتخب مصر لكرة القدم
لاعبون فازوا بكأس الأمم الإفريقية
مدربو النادي الأهلي (السعودية)
مدربو النادي الأهلي (مصر)
مدربو النادي الإسماعيلي
مدربو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 1994
مدربو كرة قدم مصريون
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في السعودية
مدربو نادي الوحدة (السعودية)
مواليد 1357 هـ
مواليد 1939
مواليد في مصر

طه إسماعيل


النصر والسلام' أو (الحصوة) هي مدينة عراقية تقع غرب العاصمة بغداد حوالي10كم شرقي مدينة الفلوجة تسكنها عشائر بني تميم وزوبع والدليم ويبلغ عدد سكانها 110 ألف نسمة.

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في محافظة بغداد

النصر والسلام


An Eriocaulon infaustum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Nicholas Edward Brown. An Eriocaulon infaustum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eriocaulon, ngan familia nga Eriocaulaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Mozambique. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eriocaulon

Eriocaulon infaustum


Charging Bull, sometimes referred to as the Bull of Wall Street or the Bowling Green Bull, is a bronze sculpture that stands on Broadway just north of Bowling Green in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. The  bronze sculpture, standing  tall and measuring  long, depicts a bull, the symbol of financial optimism and prosperity. Charging Bull is a popular tourist destination that draws thousands of people a day, symbolizing Wall Street and the Financial District.

The sculpture was created by Italian artist Arturo Di Modica in the wake of the 1987 Black Monday stock market crash. Late in the evening of Thursday, December 14, 1989, Di Modica arrived on Wall Street with Charging Bull on the back of a truck and illegally dropped the sculpture outside of the New York Stock Exchange Building. After being removed by the New York City Police Department later that day, Charging Bull was installed at Bowling Green on December 20, 1989. Despite initially having only a temporary permit to be located at Bowling Green, Charging Bull became a popular tourist attraction. Di Modica may have been influenced by a pair of huge metallic sculptures, a charging bull and a bear, placed in front of the Frankfurt, Germany Stock Exchange in 1985 as part of the 400th celebration of the exchange.

Following the success of the original sculpture, Di Modica created a number of variations of the Charging Bull which have been sold to private collectors. Charging Bull has been a subject of criticism from an anti-capitalist perspective, such as in the Occupy Wall Street protests of 2011, and has also been compared to the biblical golden calf worshiped by the Israelites shortly after their Exodus from Egypt.

Description

The  sculpture is in a cobblestone-paved traffic median of Broadway just north of Bowling Green. The sculpture is adjacent to 26 Broadway to the east and 25 Broadway to the west. It stands  tall and measures  long. It depicts a bull, the symbol of financial optimism and prosperity, leaning back on its haunches and with its head lowered as if ready to charge. The sculpture is both a popular tourist destination, which draws thousands of people a day, as well as a symbol of Wall Street and the Financial District, being described as "one of the most iconic images of New York" and a "Wall Street icon". Children also frequently climb the sculpture.

In Outdoor Monuments of Manhattan: A Historical Guide, Dianne Durante describes the sculpture:

The Bulls head is lowered, its nostrils flare, and its wickedly long, sharp horns are ready to gore; it's an angry, dangerous beast. The muscular body twists to one side, and the tail is curved like a lash: the Bull is also energetic and in motion.

The bronze color and hard, metallic texture of the sculpture's surface emphasize the brute force of the creature. The work was designed and placed so that viewers could walk around it, which also suggests the creature's own movement is unrestricted — a point reinforced by the twisting posture of the bull's body, according to Durante.

Charging Bull, then, shows an aggressive or even belligerent force on the move, but unpredictably. [...] [I]t's not far-fetched to say the theme is the energy, strength, and unpredictability of the stock market.

Di Modica told the New York Daily News in 1998:

That bull is one of an edition of five. ... I'm hoping the other four will be going to cities all over the world, whenever somebody buys them.

History

Construction and installation

The bull was cast by the Bedi-Makky Art Foundry in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. Di Modica spent $360,000 to create, cast, and install the sculpture following the 1987 stock market crash. The sculpture was Di Modica's idea. Having arrived penniless in the United States in 1970, Di Modica felt indebted to the nation for welcoming him and enabling his career as a successful sculptor. Charging Bull was intended to inspire each person who came into contact with it to carry on fighting through the hard times after the 1987 stock market crash. Di Modica later recounted to art writer Anthony Haden-Guest, "My point was to show people that if you want to do something in a moment things are very bad, you can do it. You can do it by yourself. My point was that you must be strong".

Another artist, Domenico Ranieri, enlarged the model of the bull and worked with Di Modica to bring out the fine points of the sculpture. In an act of guerrilla art, Bedi-Makky Art Foundry and Di Modica trucked it to Lower Manhattan. Late in the evening of December 14, 1989, they installed it beneath a  Christmas tree in the middle of Broad Street in front of the New York Stock Exchange Building as a Christmas gift to New Yorkers. That day, hundreds of onlookers stopped to see it as Di Modica handed out copies of a flier about his artwork.

NYSE officials called police later that day, and the NYPD seized the sculpture and placed it into an impound lot. The ensuing public outcry led the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation to reinstall it two blocks south of the Exchange, in Bowling Green, facing up Broadway just north of Whitehall Street. Charging Bull was rededicated at its new location with a ceremony on December 21, 1989.

Ownership
The sculpture technically has a temporary permit allowing it to stand on city property since the city does not own the sculpture, but the temporary permission has lasted since 1989, when city officials said the new location would not be permanent. Art on loan is usually limited to a year's display, and although the city does not buy art, it does accept donations. By 1993, Di Modica wanted to sell the statue to recover the $320,000 cost of manufacturing it. However, there was only one major bid for the statue: a hotel in Las Vegas that offered $300,000.

A writer in the New York Daily News wrote in 1998 that the statue's placement was "beginning to look a mite permanent". According to an article in Art Monthly, Di Modica, as well as officials and New Yorkers, "view it as a permanent feature of Lower Manhattan". In 2004, Di Modica announced that Charging Bull was for sale, on condition the buyer did not move it from its location. The sculpture remained unsold by 2008.

Di Modica continued to own the artistic copyright to the statue, and filed several lawsuits against firms making replicas. For instance, Di Modica sued Wal-Mart and other companies in 2006 for selling replicas of the bull and using it in advertising campaigns. Three years later, Di Modica sued Random House for using a photo of the bull on the cover of a book discussing the collapse of financial services firm Lehman Brothers.

Evolution into tourist attraction

As soon as the sculpture was set up at Bowling Green, it became "an instant hit". One of the city's most photographed artworks, it has become a tourist destination in the Financial District. "Its popularity is beyond doubt", an article in The New York Times said of the artwork. "Visitors constantly pose for pictures around it." Henry J. Stern, the city parks commissioner when the statue first appeared in the Financial District, said in 1993: "People are crazy about the bull. It captured their imagination." Adrian Benepe, a later New York City parks commissioner, said in 2004, "It's become one of the most visited, most photographed and perhaps most loved and recognized statues in the city of New York. I would say it's right up there with the Statue of Liberty." A 2003 Bollywood film, Kal Ho Naa Ho, featured Charging Bull in a musical number; one visitor told a reporter that the bull's appearance in the film was a reason for his visit to New York City. Despite the financial crisis of 2007–2008, Charging Bull remained a popular tourist attraction.

In addition to having their pictures taken at the front end of the bull, many tourists pose at the back of the bull, near the large testicles "for snapshots under an unmistakable symbol of its virility". According to a 2002 article in The Washington Post, "People on The Street say you've got to rub the nose, horns and testicles of the bull for good luck, tour guide Wayne McLeod would tell the group on the Baltimore bus, who would giddily oblige." A 2004 article in The New York Times said, "Passers-by have rubbed—to a bright gleam—its nose, horns and a part of its anatomy that, as Mr. Benepe put it gingerly, 'separates the bull from the steer.'" A 2007 newspaper account agreed that a "peculiar ritual" of handling the "shining orbs" of the statue's scrotum seems to have developed into a tradition.

On March 7, 2017, a bronze sculpture by Kristen Visbal, Fearless Girl, was installed facing Charging Bull. It was commissioned to advertise for an index fund that comprises gender-diverse companies that have a relatively high percentage of women among their senior leadership and installed in anticipation of International Women's Day the following day. It depicts a girl  high, promoting female empowerment. After Di Modica filed complaints about Fearless Girl, it was removed in November 2018 and relocated to outside the New York Stock Exchange. A plaque with footprints was placed on the original site of Fearless Girl.

In November 2019, city officials announced that they wished to move Charging Bull to a plaza outside the New York Stock Exchange due to safety concerns at Bowling Green. Officials stated that because Charging Bull is located on a traffic median with large crowds, it was vulnerable to terrorist attacks, citing examples such as the 2017 truck attack on the nearby West Side Highway. Local community group Downtown Alliance supported the relocation, but Di Modica opposed it. The New York City Department of Transportation (DOT) had filed an application with the New York City Public Design Commission (PDC) to relocate Charging Bull, but subsequently withdrew the application, which a city spokesperson said was due to uncertainty over the new location. Residents of Manhattan Community District 1, which includes the Financial District, expressed opposition to the relocation in a meeting with city officials in May 2020. At the time, updated plans called for Charging Bull to be located at the corner of Broad Street and Wall Street, north of Fearless Girl. The PDC declined to endorse relocation in June 2020.

On October 18, 2021, a statue of Harambe, a gorilla, was placed facing the statue in a similar manner to Fearless Girl and thousands of bananas were placed under the bull's feet. The act was carried out by organizers promoting Sapien.Network, an in-development social media network.

In fall 2021, artist Nelson Saiers placed a series of sculptures next to the Bull to comment on the Federal Reserve's monetary policy and inflation. The first, "Cheap Money is Out of Order," featured a gumball machine filled with $10 bills offered for 25 cents with an "Out of Order!" sign taped to its face.

Replicas
In 2010, a similar Charging Bull sculpture by Di Modica was installed in Shanghai on commission by the Shanghai city authority; it is informally called the Bund Bull. Two years later, Di Modica unofficially installed another Charging Bull sculpture outside the Amsterdam Stock Exchange on Beursplein, Amsterdam.

In 2019, Professional Bull Riders authorized Di Modica to craft a scaled replica of Charging Bull as the trophy for the champion of their annual Monster Energy PBR Unleash the Beast bull riding major event, the Monster Energy Buck Off at the Garden major.  It was first presented during the 2020 event to João Ricardo Vieira.

Art market

Di Modica worked the majority of his career alone, from his SoHo studio without representation. By the 1990s, Di Modica's artwork had achieved global icon status, but he continued to work outside of the formal art market. By 2000 he had built up a roster of wealthy private collectors. He ate in Cipriani Downtown most days whilst in New York where he met new clients and entertained his existing ones.

Di Modica put the original 16ft Charging Bull on the market in 2004 with an asking price of $5m. Joe Lewis, the British billionaire and ex-owner of Christies, later purchased the sculpture on the condition that he never move it from Bowling Green. Lewis also purchased the rest of the 16ft edition which he installed on his various golf courses. In 2012, Di Modica met the London-based art dealer, Jacob Harmer, and shortly afterwards entered into his first formal representation agreement with Harmer's dealership, Geist, based on Mount Street, Mayfair. From 2013, Harmer began documenting the life of the artist, commissioning new sculptures, buying back historical works and building a global market.

In October 2018, the first major work by Modica came to auction, a 6ft polished bronze version of Charging Bull at Phillips London which was the first in an edition of eight and marked "1987–89". The sculpture sold for £309,000 ($405,000). In March 2019, a stainless steel version of Charging Bull came to auction at Sotheby's New York and despite being in poor condition, sold for $275,000. In Arturo Di Modica: The Last Modern Master, his representative confirms selling 4ft sculptures for up to $496,000.

Criticism

Charging Bull has often been a subject of criticism from an anti-capitalist perspective. The Occupy Wall Street protests used the bull as a symbolic figure around which to direct their critiques of corporate greed. A 2011 image from Adbusters portraying a dancer posed in an attitude position atop the sculpture was used to promote the forthcoming protests. The first gathering of Occupy took place around the sculpture on September 17, 2011, before moving to Zuccotti Park. Because of the protests, the bull was surrounded by barricades and guarded by police until 2014.

Charging Bull has been likened to the golden calf worshiped by the Israelites during their Exodus from Egypt. During Occupy Wall Street on multiple occasions an interfaith group of religious leaders led a procession of a golden calf figure that was modeled on the bull. A large papier-mâché piñata made by Sebastian Errazuriz for a 2014 New York design festival was intended to be reminiscent of both the golden calf and Charging Bull. Further comparisons to the golden calf have been made by Jewish and Christian religious commentators.

Vandalism
As a prominent symbol of Wall Street and capitalism generally, Charging Bull has been the frequent target of vandalism, particularly as an act of civil disobedience. Shortly after the collapse of Lehman Brothers during the 2008 financial crisis, the bull's scrotum was painted blue. Leading up to a protest on May 12, 2011, the bull was tagged in at least two locations, once again including the scrotum, with the Anarchist "circle-A" iconography, prompting the New York City Police Department to temporarily install barricades around the sculpture. The barriers returned that fall during the Occupy Wall Street protests, and remained in place until March 25, 2014, despite a unanimous resolution from the local community board saying they constituted a hazard to pedestrians.

On September 14, 2017, three months after U.S. president Donald Trump formally announced the United States' withdrawal from the Paris Agreement on climate change, an artist attempting to highlight U.S. popular support for the accord doused the head of the sculpture in a blue pigment.

In 2019, Charging Bull was vandalized twice. On September 7, a man from Dallas struck the sculpture with a banjo, leaving a sizable dent in the horn. Professional Bull Riders donated money from its ticket sales to pay for fixes to the horn, and Di Modica personally came to the site the following month to repair his creation. Then, on October 7, activists from Extinction Rebellion hurled fake blood over the sculpture and staged a die-in on the surrounding traffic plaza. In June 2020, Charging Bull was covered in a tarp and monitored by police to protect it from vandalism attempts during the George Floyd protests in New York City.

In popular culture
The history of the sculpture and its sculptor was presented in the 2014 Italian documentary film Il Toro di Wall Street, released internationally as The Charging Bull. In Mr. Robot, Darlene Alderson (Carly Chaikin) is shown castrating the statue.

Charging Bull has featured in several films set in Manhattan, including The Big Short, The Wolf of Wall Street, and Hitch. The statue appears in the 2011 remake of Arthur in which Russell Brand and Luis Guzman respectively as Arthur and his butler crash into it with a Batmobile while dressed as Batman and Robin handing the bovine a giant severance package. In The Sorcerer's Apprentice (2010), the sculpture comes alive and chases Nicolas Cage's character down Broadway. The sculpture can be seen floating through space at the end of Don't Look Up (2021) after presumably being blown into orbit by the comet's impact.

See also
 The Bull - by Laurence Broderick in Birmingham/England.
 Art in Odd Places festival
 Big Bull, India, a similar sculpture originally located inside the Bombay Stock Exchange, Mumbai
 CowParade
 Qilin – ancient Chinese symbol of prosperity
 Bust of Edward Snowden – another example of New York guerrilla art
 Market sentiment

References

External links

1989 establishments in New York City
1989 sculptures
Bowling Green (New York City)
Bronze sculptures in Manhattan
Sculptures of cattle
Fictional bulls
Financial District, Manhattan
Guerilla art and hacking art
Occupy Wall Street
Outdoor sculptures in Manhattan
Statues in New York City
Vandalized works of art in New York City

Charging Bull