George John Douglas Campbell, 8th and 1st Duke of Argyll  (30 April 1823 – 24 April 1900; styled Marquess of Lorne until 1847), was a British polymath and Liberal statesman. He made a significant geological discovery in the 1850s when his tenant found fossilized leaves embedded among basalt lava on the Island of Mull. He also helped to popularize ornithology and was one of the first to give a detailed account of the principles of bird flight in the hopes of advancing artificial aerial navigation (i.e. flying machines). His literary output was extensive writing on topics varying from science and theology to economy and politics. In addition to this, he served prominently in the administrations of Lord Aberdeen, Lord Palmerston, John Russell and William Gladstone.

Background
Argyll was born at Ardencaple Castle, Dunbartonshire, the second but only surviving son of John Campbell, 7th Duke of Argyll, and his second wife Joan Glassel, the only daughter of John Glassel. Argyll succeeded his father as duke in 1847. With his death he became also hereditary Master of the Household of Scotland and Sheriff of Argyllshire.

Political career

By the time of his succession, Argyll had already obtained notice as a writer of pamphlets on the disruption of the Church of Scotland, which he strove to avert, and he rapidly became prominent on the Liberal side in parliamentary politics via the Peelite Conservative Party faction. He was a frequent and eloquent speaker in the House of Lords. A close associate of Prince Albert, he served as Lord Privy Seal between 1852 and 1855 in the cabinet of Lord Aberdeen, and then as Postmaster General between 1855 and 1858 in Lord Palmerston's first cabinet.

He was again Lord Privy Seal between 1859 and 1866 in the second Palmerston administration, and then under Lord Russell's second administration, in which position he was notable as a strong advocate of the Northern cause in the American Civil War.

Argyll was a major catalyst of the Education (Scotland) Act of 1872. Under his leadership in 1866, the Argyll Commission looked into the Scottish schooling system and found it severely inadequate. The report – eventually finished in 1869 – was used to call for education reforms. As a result of this lobbying, the Education Act (Scotland) 1872 was passed making primary school education mandatory in Scotland for children aged between 5 and 13.

In William Ewart Gladstone's first government of 1868 to 1874, Argyll became Secretary of State for India, in which role his refusal to promise support against the Russians to the emir of Afghanistan helped lead to the Second Afghan War.

Argyll's wife (née Lady Elizabeth Georgiana Leveson-Gower), served as Mistress of the Robes in this government.

Argyll also played a key role in the establishment of the Royal Indian Engineering College which functioned from 1872 to 1906. This college which was located on the Coopers Hill estate, near Egham was set up in order to train civil engineers for service in the Indian Public Works Department. In 1871, while actually serving in the Cabinet, his son and heir, Lord Lorne, married one of Queen Victoria's daughters, Princess Louise, enhancing his status as a leading grandee.

In 1880 he again served under Gladstone, as Lord Privy Seal, but resigned on 31 March 1881 in protest at Gladstone's Land Bill, claiming it would interfere with the rights of landlords and had been brought in response to terrorism. In 1886, he fully broke with Gladstone over the question of the prime minister's support for Irish Home Rule, although he did not join the Liberal Unionist Party, but pursued an independent course. Having been already Vice Lord Lieutenant from 1847, Argyll held the honorary post of Lord Lieutenant of Argyllshire from 1862 until his death in 1900. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1853, appointed a Knight of the Thistle in 1856 and a Knight of the Garter in 1883. In 1892 he was created Duke of Argyll in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

Scholarship

Argyll was also an amateur scientist dedicated to many areas of science. Aside from his own work in ornithology, he wrote on anthropology, evolution, glaciology and economics. He was a leader in the scholarly opposition against Darwinism (1869, 1884b) although he was not against the theory of evolution, Argyll argued instead for theistic evolution. He did argue against the erosive capability of glaciers (1873) and was an important economist (1893) and institutionalist (1884a), in which latter capacity he was quite similar to his political opponent, Benjamin Disraeli.

In 1851, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and was appointed Chancellor of the University of St Andrews. Three years later, he became additionally Rector of the University of Glasgow. In 1849 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and served as its president from 1860 to 1864. In 1855 he became president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. From 1872 to 1874 he was President of The Geological Society. In 1866, he was a founding member of Britain's first aeronautical society, the Aeronautical Society of Great Britain (later renamed the Royal Aeronautical Society), and served as its president from 1866 to 1895. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1869. In 1886, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society.

Private life
Argyll was married three times. He married firstly Lady Elizabeth Leveson-Gower, eldest daughter of George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland, in 1844. They had five sons and seven daughters, being:

John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll (6 August 1845 – 2 May 1914), married Princess Louise, daughter of Queen Victoria on 21 March 1871.
Lord Archibald Campbell (18 December 1846 – 29 March 1913), married Janey Callander on 12 January 1869. They had two children, including Niall Campbell, 10th Duke of Argyll.
Lord Walter Campbell (30 July 1848 – 2 May 1889), married Olivia Rowlandson Milns on 14 April 1874. They had two children, including Douglas Walter Campbell, whose son was Ian Campbell, 11th Duke of Argyll.
Lady Edith Campbell (7 November 1849 – 6 July 1913), married Henry Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland on 23 December 1868. They had thirteen children.
Lord George Granville Campbell (25 December 1850 – 21 April 1915), married Sybil Lascelles Alexander, daughter of James Brace Alexander, on 9 May 1879. They had three children.
Lady Elisabeth Campbell (14 February 1852 – 24 September 1896) she married Lt.-Col. Edward Harrison Clough-Taylor on 17 July 1880. They had one daughter.
Lord Colin Campbell (9 March 1853 – 18 June 1895), married Gertrude Blood in 1881.
Lady Victoria Campbell (22 May 1854 – 6 July 1910).
Lady Evelyn Campbell (17 August 1855 – 22 March 1940), married James Baillie-Hamilton on 10 August 1886.
Lady Frances Balfour (22 February 1858 – 25 February 1931), married Eustace Balfour on 12 May 1879. They had five children.
Lady Mary Emma Campbell (22 September 1859 – 22 March 1947), married Rt. Rev. Hon. Edward Carr Glyn on 4 July 1882. They had three children.
Lady Constance Harriett Campbell (11 November 1864 – 9 February 1922), married Charles Emmott on 27 June 1891.

The Duchess of Argyll died aged 53 in May 1878. In 1881, Argyll married Amelia Maria (born 1843), daughter of the Right Reverend Thomas Claughton, Bishop of St Albans, and widow of Augustus Anson. She died aged 50 in January 1894. In 1895, Argyll married a third time, to Ina, daughter of Archibald McNeill. Ina survived the duke by a quarter of a century, dying in December 1925. There were no children from either the second or third marriages.

Argyll died at Inveraray Castle in April 1900, six days before his 77th birthday, and is buried at Kilmun Parish Church. He was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son John.

Legacy
Argyll Road in Penang, Malaysia is named in his honour.

Key works

 (1867) The Reign of Law. London: Strahan. (5th Ed. in 1868).
 (1869) Primeval Man: An Examination of some Recent Speculations. New York: Routledge.
 (1873) President's Anniversary Address. Proceedings of the Geological Society. pp. li - lxxviii.
 (1879) The Eastern Question. London: Strahan.
 (1884) The Unity of Nature. New York: Putnam.
 (1887) Scotland As It Was and As It Is
 (1893) The Unseen Foundations of Society. An Examination of the Fallacies and Failures of Economic Science Due to Neglected Elements. London: John Murray.
 (1896) The Philosophy of Belief; Or, Law in Christian Theology
 (1898) Organic Evolution Cross-Examined
 (1906) Autobiography and Memoirs

References

External links

1823 births
1900 deaths
19th-century Scottish people
People from Argyll and Bute
British Secretaries of State
Chancellors of the University of St Andrews
8
Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights of the Garter
Knights of the Thistle
Liberal Party (UK) hereditary peers
Lord-Lieutenants of Argyllshire
Lords Privy Seal
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Presidents of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Presidents of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society
Presidents of the Royal Aeronautical Society
Rectors of the University of Glasgow
Scottish economists
Scottish politicians
Scottish scientists
Scottish science writers
Scottish political writers
Scottish non-fiction writers
Secretaries of State for India
United Kingdom Postmasters General
19th-century Scottish landowners
Members of the American Antiquarian Society
G
Members of the American Philosophical Society
19th-century Scottish businesspeople

George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll


This is a  list of countries without armed forces. The term country here means sovereign states and not dependencies (e.g., Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Bermuda) whose defence is the responsibility of another country or an army alternative. The term armed forces refers to any government-sponsored defense used to further the domestic and foreign policies of their respective government. Some of the countries listed, such as Iceland and Monaco, have no standing armies but still have a non-police military force.

Many of the 21 countries listed here typically have had a long-standing agreement with a former colonial or protecting power; one example of the latter is the agreement between Monaco and France, which has existed for at least 300 years.
Similarly, the Compact of Free Association nations of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), and Palau rely on the United States for their defence.  They ensure their national security concerns are addressed through annual Joint Committee Meetings to discuss defence matters with US Pacific Command.  Andorra has a small army, and can request defensive aid if necessary, while Iceland has a unique agreement from 1951 with the United States which requires them to provide defence to Iceland when needed, although permanent armed forces have not been stationed there since 2006.

The remaining countries are responsible for their own defence, and operate either without any armed forces, or with limited armed forces. Some of the countries, such as Costa Rica and Grenada, underwent a process of demilitarization. Other countries were formed without armed forces, such as Samoa over  years ago; the primary reason being that they were, or still are, under protection from another nation at their point of independence.

Countries without armed forces

Countries with no standing army but limited military

See also
List of countries by military expenditures
List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel
List of militaries by country
List of militaries that recruit foreigners
Protectorate

References

Further reading

Military, countries without an army
Armed forces, without

List of countries without armed forces


شبكة التجارة الخاصة العديد من الشركات تحاول الاستفادة من الأعمال الإلكترونية وذلك لإنشاء علاقة بينها وبين مورديها عن طريق ما يسمى بشبكة التجارة الخاصة.

التعريف

هي عبارة عن نوع من العلاقة التي تربط جهة عمل بجهة عمل أخرى وهي طريقة لتبادل المعلومات تعتمد على دمج تقنية الإنترنت بنظام تبادل البيانات الإلكتروني وتركز على تنسيق العمليات الخاصة بين الشركات والموزعين والموردين وغيرهم.

تبادل البيانات الإلكتروني

هي طريقة لتبادل المعلومات لشركات الأعمال المتعاونة على الإنترنت أي انها طريقة لنقل الوثائق الإلكترونية بين شريك تجاري وشريك تجاري آخر بصيغة معينة.

أنواعه

1- شبكة التجارة الخاصة بشركة واحدة

وهي أشهر نوع من أنواع شبكة التجارة الخاصة وهي عبارة عن شبكة مملوكة بواسطة شركة كبيرة للبيع وهي شبكة خاصة فقط بين الشركة المالكة والشركاء الموثقين وهي عبارة عن خطوة لجعل الشركاء جزء من عملية اتخاذ القرار الخاصة بالعملاء.
مثال على ذلك:
شركة ول مارت: صممت ول مارت شبكة خاصة بينها وبين الموفرين للبضائع وذلك لتسمح لهم بالمراقبة اليومية لمبيعاتهم، وحالة الشحن بالإضافة إلى كمية البضاعة في المخازن.
ول مارت رفضت أن تشارك شبكتها الناجحة مع غيرها من شركات البيع المفرد وذلك خوفا من مشاركة أسرار هذه التقنية.

2- شبكة التجارة الخاصة الواسعة

وهي ناشئة من تعاون عدة شركات وهي مملوكة بواسطة مجموعة من الشركات التي لها أهداف واحدة:

 الحصول على معايير موحدة للاتصال التجاري.
 الحصول على تقنية مفتوحة ومشتركة لحل المشاكل الصناعية.

وهذه الشبكات صنعت نتيجة لنجاح الشبكة الخاصة بشركة واحدة.

مثال على ذلك شبكة أجينتريكس التي جمعت مجموعة من شركات البيع المفرد مع الكثير.

من الموردين وذلك لتسهيل عملية التجارة بينهم.

مميزاته

 تطوير كفاءة عملية البيع والشراء على مستوى العملية الصناعية.
 تطوير عملية التخطيط للمصادر على مستوى العملية الصناعية.
 إنشاء نظرة واقعية لسلسة الموردين وذلك عن طريق تعريف البائع والمورد بكمية البضاعة في المخازن.
 بناء علاقة قوية بين المورد والبائع عن طريق توقع كمية الطلب وتسهيل الاتصال.
 تقليل المخاطر في الصناعة عن طريق التوازن بين العرض والطلب.

عوامل النجاح

1- انها تعطي قيمة لجميع الإطراف المشتركة:
بواسطة علاقة العمل التي تربط بينهم تستطيع شبكة التجارة الخاصة أن تبني للشركاء ميزة تنافسية عن طريق التعاون الذي بربط بينهم فالزبائن يستطيعون أن يشاركوا بالمعلومات حول المطالب التي يحتاجون لها وبالتالي المنتجين والموزعين يمكن أن يستعملوا تلك المعلومات لتوقع متطلبات الإنتاج والجرد

2-الحفاظ على سرية المعلومات
شبكة التجارة الخاصة تتفادى مشاكل الأمن التي تتعرض لها الشبكة المستقلة وذلك لان الوصول إلى المعلومة مسموح فقط إلى المشاركين فقط

3- تحسين العلاقة بين الشركاء إلى الأفضل
وذلك لأن شبكة التجارة الخاصة عبارة عن مجموعة من الشركات اتفقت للعمل سوية فهذه العلاقة التي تجمعهم تدعمت بشكل ملحوظ وحسنت العلاقة إلى الأفضل فقد قللت حواجز الزمن والأخطاء وكذلك فجوات المعلومات التي تحدث خلال الهاتف أو الفاكس.فشبكة التجارة الخاصة تطبق لائحة عمل مشتركة لدعم العلاقات وتشرف على العقود الاتفاقية
مثال على بعض الشركات التي أنشأت هذه الشبكة ايس هارد وير التي تدعم شبكة تربطها مع مورديها ومراكز التوزيع والتجار. هذه الشبكة ساعدت ايس على إدارة سلسلة توريد معقدة جعلت الموردين يحصلون على معلومات فورية عن الجرد والطلب

4- الحصول على عائد من الاستثمار الحقيقي
عملية التسعير في شبكة التجارة الخاصة تأخذ أشكال مختلفة ولكن لان كل شبكة تنشأ لإفادة المشتركين فيها فعملية التسعير لا تتم بالدفع لكل صفقة ولكنها عبارة عن اجر سنوي يرتب من قبل المالك الأساسي للشبكة فعن طريق مرونة عملية التسعير يستطيع المشاركين أن يزيدوا كفاءتهم في تنظيم عملية الطلب والشحن وإدارة الجرد وبذلك سيكون عائد الا ستثمار شهريا وليس سنوي

5- انها تساند العمليات المعقدة ومتطلبات الإدارة المالية.

موانع التطبيق

 الشركات المشاركة تتطلب مشاركة معلومات مهمة مع شركاء العمل والتي هي عادة سرية وفي عالم التقنية من الصعب الحد من مشاركة المعلومات.
 ربط الشبكة الخاصة بنظام التخطيط ونظام التبادل يتطلب استثمار كبير للوقت والمال.
 اتخاذ الشبكة الصناعية الخاصة يتطلب تغيير في فكر وتصرف الموظفين وذلك بتغير ولائهم من الشركة فحسب إلى كافة الشركاء في الشبكة.
 الموردين يجب عليهم أن يغيروا من طريقة إدارة ووضع مصادرهم لان عملية الصناعة تعتمد على الطلب من قبل الشركاء في الشبكة.
 كل المشاركين في سلسة التوريد والتوزيع سيفقدون استقلاليتهم ولذلك فم يحتاجون إلى برنامج متكامل يحقق لهم التغيير الذي يسمح لهم بالمشاركة في الشبكة.

مصادر

  E-commerce business technology society By Krnnryh c.laudon and Carol guercio traver

إدارة الأعمال
تجارة إلكترونية
شركات

شبكة تجارة خاصة


An Bromus auleticus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Bernhard von Trinius ngan Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck. An Bromus auleticus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bromus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Bromus

Bromus auleticus


Agrilus argenteornatus é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Obenberger, 1924.

Referências

argenteornatus

Agrilus argenteornatus


Deborah Cottrill, née en 1963, est une patineuse artistique britannique, double championne de Grande-Bretagne en 1979 et 1982.

Biographie

Carrière sportive
Deborah Cottrill est originaire de Solihull en Angleterre. Elle est montée plusieurs fois sur le podium des championnats britanniques, dont deux fois sur la plus haute marche en 1979 et 1982.

Elle représente son pays à cinq championnats européens (1977 à Helsinki, 1979 à Zagreb, 1980 à Göteborg, 1981 à Innsbruck et 1982 à Lyon) et quatre mondiaux (1979 à Vienne, 1980 à Dortmund, 1981 à Hartford et 1982 à Copenhague).

Elle quitte les compétitions sportives après les mondiaux de 1982.

Reconversion
Elle déménage au Canada avec son mari et devient entraîneur à North Bay (Ontario).

Palmarès

Liens externes

Patineuse artistique britannique
Entraîneur britannique de patinage artistique
Naissance en 1963

Deborah Cottrill


Društvo za očuvanje tradicije šokačkih Hrvata "Gibarac" je hrvatska kulturna udruga iz Gibarca, AP Vojvodina, Srbija. Osnovana je 16. svibnja 2010. radi očuvanja tradicije šokačkih Hrvata u Srijemu. Predsjednik udruge je Đuro Martinović. Sjedište je u Svetog Save 7, Gibarac. Da bi društvo djelovalo, ustupljena im je župna kuća iz Gibarcu. Ondje će se oformiti zavičajna kuća u kojoj će biti izložene specifične rukotvorine, eksponati, narodne nošnje i svi autentični predmeti važni za povijest Gibarca. Zavičajna kuća služit će ujedno za sastajanje Gibarčana.

Izvori

Srijem
Hrvatska kulturno-umjetnička društva iz Vojvodine


Betty Salomon von Rothschild (Frankfurt na Majni, 15. lipnja 1805. – Boulogne-sur-Mer, 1. rujna 1886.), njemačka Židovka, austrijska barunica i filantropkinja iz austrijske loze bogate bankarske obitelji Rothschild.

Životopis

Rodila se u obitelji austrijskog židovskog banakra Salomona Mayera von Rothschilda (1774. – 1855.) i Caroline Stern (1782. – 1854.). Školovala se u Beču. Godine 1824., u dobi od devetnaest godina, udala se za svog strica, francuskog banakara Jakoba Mayera de Rothschilda (1792. – 1868.), s kojim je imala petero djece:
 Charlotte de Rothschild (1825. – 1899.), udala se za rođaka Nathaniela de Rothschilda (1812. – 1870.)
 Mayer Alphonse de Rothschild (1827. – 1905.), oženio je rođakinju Leonoru de Rothschild (1837. – 1911.), kći Lionela de Rothschilda (1808. – 1879.) iz engleske grane obitelji
 Gustave Samuel de Rothschild (1829. – 1911.), oženio je Cécile Anspach
 Salomon Jakob de Rothschild (1835. – 1864.), oženio je Adèle von Rothschild (1843. – 1922.), kćerku svog rođaka Mayera Carla von Rothschilda (1820. – 1886.)
 Edmond Jakob de Rothschild (1845. – 1934.), oženio je rođakinju Adelheid von Rothschild (1853. – 1935.), kćerku Wilhelma Carla von Rothschilda (1828. – 1901.) iz napuljske grane obitelji

Poslije suprugove smrti 1868. godine, provodila je svake godine nekoliko mjeseci u Cannesu. Zajedno sa suprugom sudjelovala je u osnivanju i radu brojnih institucija, među kojima se ističe Bolnica Rothschild u Parizu.

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Betty von Rothschild (1805-1886) - family.rothschildarchive.org

Rothschildi (Austrija)

Betty von Rothschild


මොහු යසලාලක තිස්ස යන පාලකයාගේ දොරටුපාලකව සිටි සුභ නැමැත්තා විය. හාස්‍ය ක්‍රියාකාරකම් වලට ඇල්මක් දැක්වූ යසලාලක තිස්ස රජු දිනක් තම පෙනුමට සමාන පෙනුමක් ඇති තම දොරටු පාලකයෙක් වූ සුභ නැමැත්තාට රජ ලෙස පෙනී සිටීමට අණ ලබා දී මෙතුමා දොරටු පාලක ලෙස හැද ගත්තේය. රාජ සභාව ඇරඹි පසු සිංහාසනයේ සිටියේ දොරටු පාලක සුභ ය. තම විහිළුව ක්‍රියාවට නැංවීමට පැමිණි දොරටු පාලකයෙකු ලෙස වෙස් වලාගත් යසලාලක තිස්ස රජු රාජ සභාවට පැමීණ ඇමතිවරුන් පුදුම කිරීමට උත්සහ දරද්දී දොරටුපාලක සුභ යසලාලක තිස්ස රජු පිටතට කැඳවාගෙන ගොස් මරණ දඬුවම ලබා දෙන ලෙස නියෝග කරල ලදී

සුභ රජ


Adobe kan have flere betydninger:

 Adobe – et byggemateriale
 Adobe Systems – et amerikansk it-firma
 Adobe-bækken (Santa Clara County) – et vandløb i Californien
 Adobe-bækken (Sonoma County) – et vandløb i Californien

Adobe (flertydig)


An Hyparrhenia newtonii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Eduard Hackel, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Otto Stapf. An Hyparrhenia newtonii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hyparrhenia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Nag-uusahan nga subspecies: H. n. macra.

Mga kasarigan

Hyparrhenia

Hyparrhenia newtonii


චතුරංග ක්‍රීඩාව  (සංස්කෘත  चतुरङ्ग)  අතීතයේ ඉන්දියානු උපමහාද්‍වීපයහි පුවරු ක්‍රීඩාවකි. game which is presumed to be the common ancestor of the games of chess, shogi, and makruk, and related to xiangqi and janggi.

චතුරංග ක්‍රීඩාවේ මූලාරම්භය පිලිබඳව මත දෙකක් ඇත.
 පොදුවේ පිලිගන්නා භාරත මතය - චතුරංග ක්‍රීඩාවේ 6 වන සියවසේදී ගුප්ත අධිරාජ්‍යයහි නිර්මාණය විය. In the 7th century, it was adopted as Shatranj in Sassanid Persia, which in turn was the form that brought chess to late-medieval Europe  (see Origins of chess for more information on the ancestry of chess.)
 හෙල හවුලේ මතය - රාවණා රජ සමයේදී නිර්මාණය විය

The exact rules of Chaturanga are not known. Chess historians suppose that the game had similar rules to those of its successor Shatranj. In particular, there is uncertainty as to the moves of the Gaja (elephant), the precursor of the Bishop in modern chess.

මූලාශ්‍ර

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
 චෙස්

පුවරු ක්‍රීඩා
පුරාණ පුවරු ක්‍රීඩා
චෙස්

චතුරංග ක්‍රීඩාව


{{Infocaseta Avion
  | nume                 = Sopwith 1½ Strutter
  | logo                 =
  | imagine              = RAF Sopwith 1 1-2 Strutter.jpg
  | comentariu           = - Sopwith 1½ Strutter -
  | tip                  = Avion de vânătoare/bombardament/recunoaștere
  | țara de origine      = Marea Britanie
  | proiectant           =
  | zbor inaugural       = 1915
  | produs               =
  | introducere          =
  | introdus             = 1915
  | retras               =
  | stare                = Retras din serviciul activ
  | beneficiar principal =  - Royal Flying Corps
  | alți beneficiari     =  - Corpul Aerian
  | bucăți fabricate     =
  | cost program         =
  | cost unitar          =
  | dezvoltat din        =
  | variante             =
  |constructor= Fabrica de avioane  Sopwith }}

 Sopwith 1½ Strutter  a fost un avion militar britanic construit de către Fabrica de avioane Sopwith. A fost folosit ca avion de vânătoare, escortă, recunoaștere (observare) și bombardament ușor în timpul  Primului Război Mondial.

Avionul Sopwith 1½ Strutter s-a aflat în înzestrarea escadrilelor din organica Corpului Aerian din Armata României, începând cu campania din anul 1917 când aceste aparate au fost primite din Marea Britanie.

Principii constructive
Sopwith 1½ Strutter a fost proiectat într-o configurație biplan cu aripi cu anvergură egală, având elice tractivă (dispusă în fața motorului). Motorul era de tip Clerget'', cu nouă cilindri în stea, răcit cu apă, de 130 CP. Avionul avea ampenaje clasice, cu un stabilizator dispus în partea posterioară și o direcție. Carlinga, care conținea motorul și spațiul pentru echipaj, era integrată în fuzelaj, dispus între aripa superioară și inferioară. Trenul de aterizare era format din două roți simple în față și o bechie cu patină în spate. Avionul era destinat pentru misiuni de vânătoare, bombardament și recunoaștere, fiind dotat cu o mitralieră de bord.

Dezvoltarea

Primul Război Mondial

Operatori

Note

Vezi și
 Armamentul Armatei României în Primul Război Mondial
 Aviația în Primul Război Mondial
 Listă de aeronave militare ale Antantei
 Listă de aeronave militare ale Puterilor Centrale

Legături externe

Avioane de vânătoare
Avioane de recunoaștere
Bombardiere
Biplane
Aeronave din înzestrarea Armatei României din Primul Război Mondial
 Avioane militare din Primul Război Mondial
Cioturi din proiectul România în Primul Război Mondial

Sopwith 1½ Strutter


Atanásio Amisse Canira (Mossuril, 2 de maio de 1962) é um prelado moçambicano da Igreja Católica, atual bispo de Lichinga.

Biografia
Depois de concluir os estudos primários, frequentou a escola secundária industrial e comercial Joaquim Marra, em Chimoio. De 1984 a 1986 foi aluno do seminário preparatório Mater Apostolorum em Nampula. De 1987 a 1989 frequentou o Seminário Maior Filosófico Interdiocesano de Santo Agostinho na Matola, e de 1990 a 1993 o Seminário Teológico Interdiocesano São Pio X em Maputo.

Recebeu a ordenação presbiteral em 12 de dezembro de 1993, sendo incardinado na diocese de Nacala, foi o primeiro sacerdote do clero daquela circunscrição eclesiástica.

De 1994 a 1996 foi pároco in solidum na paróquia Nossa Senhora da Paz em Namapa e de 1996 a 1998 foi enviado a Roma para a licenciatura em teologia moral e espiritualidade na Academia Alfonsiana. Posteriormente, de 1998 a 2001, foi pároco da Sé Catedral de Nacala e, posteriormente, de 2002 a 2007, diretor espiritual do Seminário Teológico Maior Interdiocesano São Pio X em Maputo e de 2008 a 2015, pároco da paróquia de Nossa Senhora da Purificação na Ilha de Moçambique, de 2010 a 2015 foi vigário-geral da diocese, vigário episcopal para a família e diretor nacional das Pontifícias Obras Missionárias em Moçambique para o quinquénio 2009-2014.

Em 8 de fevereiro de 2015, o Papa Francisco o nomeou bispo de Lichinga. Recebeu a ordenação episcopal em 22 de março seguinte, do bispo de Nacala, Germano Grachane, C.M., sendo coadjuvado pelo bispo de Xai-Xai, Lucio Andrice Muandula e pelo bispo emérito de Lichinga, Elio Giovanni Greselin, S.C.J.

Ligações externas

Naturais de Nampula (província)
Bispos católicos de Moçambique

Atanásio Amisse Canira


Reserva es un municipio brasileño del estado de Paraná. Posee un área es de 1.635 km² representando 0,8203 % del estado, 0,2901 % de la región y 0,0192 % de todo el territorio brasileño. Se localiza a una latitud 24°39'00" sur y a una longitud 50°51'03" oeste, estando a una altitud de 938 m. Su población estimada en 2010 es de 25.156 habitantes.

Etimología
De origen geográfico, en referencia la antigua reserva indígena existente donde se localiza la sede municipal. Posteriormente a la ocupación del municipio la reserva fue transferida de lugar.

Clima
Subtropical Húmedo Mesotérmico

Temperatura Media

- Veranos frescos (temperatura media inferior a 22 °C).

- Inviernos con frecuencias de heladas severas y una temperatura media inferior a los 18 °C sin estación de sequía.

Demografía
Datos del Censo - 2008

Población total: 25.977
 Urbana: 12.611
 Rural: 14.366
 Hombres: 13.917
 Mujeres: 13.060

Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH-M): 0,646
 IDH-M Salario: 0,603
 IDH-M Longevidad: 0,632
 IDH-M Educación: 0,702

Administración (2009/2012)
 Prefecto: Frederico Bittencourt Hornung (Nieto)
 Viceprefecto: Aleixo Lopata
 Presidente de la cámara de concejales: Orlei Ferreira

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Paraná

Reserva (Paraná)


تويوتا كامري سولارا والاسم الشائع لها تويوتا سولارا  هي سيارة رياضية متوسطة الحجم تنتجها شركة تويوتا للسيارات. تم إنتاجها تلبية لأصحاب وعشاق طراز كامري ولطابعها الرياضي.

أضافت تويوتا عام 1994م نسخة كوبيه من طراز كامري وهي كامري كوبيه لمنافسة طراز هوندا أكورد وغيرها من سيارات هذه الفئة، لكن لم تحقق مبيعات جيدة مقارنة بالنسخة الأصلية من كامري فانتهى إنتاجها عام 1997م. أتى قرار تويوتا عام 1999م ب إنتاج طراز كامري سولارا بتصميم مستقل وذلك للمنافسة في فئة السيارات الرياضية المتوسطة الحجم.

مراجع

سيارات اخترعت في 1998
سيارات تويوتا
سيارات دفع أمامي
سيارات رياضية
سيارات صنعت في الولايات المتحدة
سيارات عائلية متوسطة
سيارات عقد 2000
سيارات متحولة
كوبيه

تويوتا كامري سولارا


Liči ili azijska trešnja (lat. Litchi chinensis) je biljka koja potječe iz Jugozapadne Azije, s juga Kine, jug Japana otočje Ryū Kyū), Indonezije i Filipina. U rodu Litchi, samo je jedna vrsta.

Liči je suptropska biljka, koja ljeti koristi visoku temperaturu i vlagu, a prezimi na hladnoći, koja se ne spušta ispod točke smrzavanja. Stablo je zimzeleno, s tamnozelenim sjajnim lišćem, a naraste između 10 i 15 metara. Danas je poznato oko 100 sorti ličija. Krošnja može biti široka koliko je visoko i samo drvo, te se ponekad uzgaja kao ukrasno drvo. Listovi su dugački između 12 i 20 cm. Cvjetovi su sitni, zelenkasto bijeli ili žuti, a rastu u velikim grozdastim cvatovima. Preferira toplo i suho ljeto za cvatnju i razvoj ploda, ali je potrebna i određena količina hladnijeg zimskog vremena.

Plodovi ličija imaju oblik jajeta i dugački su oko 3 do 5 centimetara. Njihova gruba, hrapava i krhka ljuska crvena je ili ružičasta, obrasla u duže dlake. Kad se osuši postaje smećkasta. Meso ploda je bijelo, slatko i kiselo, slično grožđu, a u sredini ima veliku košticu. Liči sadrži ogromnu količinu vitamina C i B, kalija, bakra, fosfora i magnezija. Vlakna u ličiju reguliraju rad crijeva i tako poboljšavaju probavu – stolica postaje redovita, zatvor više nije problem, kao ni nadutost i vjetrovi. Osim toga, stimulira želučane i probavne sokove potičući učinkovitu apsorpciju hranjivih sastojaka.

Da bi se pojeo, oljušti se i jede poput trešanja (ukloni se nejestiva koštica). Liči je izvrstan za voćne salate, izvrsno se slaže s mangom, dinjama i višnjama. Najčešće se konzumira svježe, no može se pronaći sušeni plod ili u obliku čaja.

Galerija

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Sapindoideae
Alohtone voćne vrste

Liči


VRChat é um jogo eletrônico do gênero multijogador massivo online (MMO) e uma plataforma de mundo virtual. Criada por Graham Gaylor e Jesse Joudrey, e operada pela VRChat Inc, a plataforma permite que os jogadores interajam uns com os outros de forma on-line com avatares em mundos tridimensionais (3D) criados pelos usuários. VRChat foi projetado principalmente para uso com headsets de realidade virtual (VR), como os das séries Oculus Rift e Oculus Quest, os dispositivos da SteamVR (como o HTC Vive) e o Windows Mixed Reality, mas também pode ser usado sem o VR em um modo "área de trabalho" projetado para um mouse e teclado ou gamepad.

VRChat foi lançado pela primeira vez como um aplicativo do Microsoft Windows para o protótipo Oculus Rift DK1 em 16 de janeiro de 2014 e foi lançado para o programa de acesso antecipado da Steam em 1 de fevereiro de 2017.

Recursos

Jogabilidade
A jogabilidade de VRChat é semelhante à de jogos como Second Life e Habbo Hotel. Os jogadores podem criar seus próprios mundos instanciados nos quais podem interagir uns com os outros por meio de avatares virtuais. Um kit de desenvolvimento de software (SDK) para Unity lançado junto com o jogo dá aos jogadores a habilidade de criar ou importar modelos de personagens para serem usados na plataforma, assim como construir seus próprios mundos.

Os modelos dos personagens são capazes de suportar "sincronização labial de áudio, rastreamento e piscar de olhos, e amplitude de movimento completa".

VRChat também pode ser executado no "modo área de trabalho" sem um headset de realidade virtual (VR), que é controlado usando um mouse e teclado ou um gamepad. Alguns conteúdos possuem limitações no modo área de trabalho, como a incapacidade de mover livremente os membros de um avatar ou realizar interações que exijam mais de uma mão.

Em 2020, uma nova linguagem de programação visual foi introduzida, conhecida como "Udon", que usa um sistema de gráfico Node. Embora ainda seja considerado um software alfa, tornou-se utilizável em mundos acessíveis ao público a partir de abril de 2020. Um compilador de terceiros conhecido como "UdonSharp" foi desenvolvido para permitir que scripts dos mundos sejam escritos em C#.

Confiança e segurança
Os usuários de VRChat são classificados em vários "níveis de confiança", com base em fatores como o uso da plataforma. Todos os usuários começam na classificação "Visitor" (cinza). Quando promovidos para a classificação "New User" (azul), eles possuem a capacidade de fazer upload de seu próprio conteúdo usando o SDK do VRChat. Isso é seguido por "User" (verde), "Known User" (laranja), "Trusted User" (roxo) e "friends" (amarelo). Os usuários podem optar por alternar comunicações, avatares e recursos com base em seu nível de confiança.

VRChat Plus
Em novembro de 2020, o serviço anunciou um nível de assinatura conhecido como "VRChat Plus". Ele permite que os usuários exibam uma imagem personalizada em suas placas de identificação, aumenta o número de avatares que podem salvar em seus favoritos de 25 para 100, concede a eles uma "classificação de confiança aumentada" e permite que eles anexem uma foto do jogo a uma solicitação de convite.

Suporte de hardware
VRChat possui suporte para um grande número de headsets e acessórios de realidade virtual compatíveis com o sistema Microsoft Windows, incluindo a linha Oculus e headsets compatíveis com SteamVR, como a série HTC Vive e o Valve Index. Um porte de VRChat também está disponível como um aplicativo nativo para o Oculus Quest, que suporta uma jogabilidade multiplataforma com usuários de Windows; devido a limitações de hardware, apenas mapas e avatares otimizados dentro de restrições específicas podem ser acessados na versão de Oculus Quest.

O rastreamento de dedos e o reconhecimento de gestos são suportados em controles como o Index Controller e o Oculus Touch, permitindo que os movimentos dos dedos dos usuários sejam refletidos por seu avatar e as poses das mãos acionem animações vinculadas (como uma expressão facial correspondente). VRChat também suporta rastreamento de corpo inteiro pelo SteamVR para captura de movimentos da cintura e das pernas, normalmente usando os periféricos Vive Tracker da HTC ou dispositivos alternativos (como o Kinect).

Comunidade
A popularidade de VRChat foi atribuída ao uso por youtubers e streamers da Twitch. O jogo gerou mídias como um jornal semanal em seus fóruns, talk shows e podcasts dedicados a uma discussão sobre o jogo.

Depois de uma onda inicial de popularidade viral após seu lançamento, a pandemia de COVID-19 estimulou um aumento constante de usuários simultâneos de VRChat ao longo de 2020. Houve picos registrados na visualização de streams na Twitch relacionados ao VRChat na metade de 2020 e setembro de 2020. O serviço relatou um recorde de mais de 24 mil usuários simultâneos no fim de semana de Halloween (com mais da metade usando-o em uma plataforma de VR), estimulado por eventos de feriados e o recente lançamento do Oculus Quest 2.

Em 31 de dezembro de 2020, o serviço registrou um novo recorde de mais de 40 mil usuários simultâneos na véspera de ano-novo, a ponto de sofrer uma grande interrupção por volta da meia-noite no fuso horário do leste devido a um provedor de segurança ter confundido o aumento como um ataque de negação de serviço.

Na cultura popular

Ugandan Knuckles
VRChat deu origem a um meme conhecido como "Ugandan Knuckles", no qual os jogadores usam modelos cômicos do personagem Knuckles the Echidna, da franquia Sonic the Hedgehog, enquanto repetem o bordão "Do you know the way?" em uma simulação de sotaque africano. O modelo e a movimentação dos jogadores originaram-se de uma revisão do youtuber Gregzilla e do streamer da Twitch, Forsen, respectivamente, além de falas do filme ugandês Who Killed Captain Alex?. Isso gerou uma reação negativa de muitas fontes; Julia Alexander, da Polygon, o classificou como "descaradamente racista" e um "meme problemático", comparando-o aos ataques de Habbo Hotel, e Jay Hathaway, do The Daily Dot, o chamou de uma "caricatura racista". O criador do modelo 3D usado no meme lamentou por tê-lo feito e pediu aos jogadores que "não usem isso para incomodar os usuários do VRChat". Em resposta, os desenvolvedores do jogo publicaram uma carta aberta no Medium, afirmando que eles estavam desenvolvendo "novos sistemas para permitir que a comunidade se automoderasse melhor" e pedindo aos usuários que usassem os recursos integrados de silenciamento.

Música e dança
A plataforma atraiu várias comunidades e eventos voltados para a música; dançarinos aproveitaram o suporte de rastreamento de corpo inteiro para oferecer apresentações e aulas virtuais no VRChat, incluindo balé, break e pole dance.

Eventos on-line de dance music também ocorreram no VRChat, especialmente desde a pandemia do COVID-19. Eles são organizados por coletivos como Loner Online, acontecem dentro de casas noturnas virtuais e, às vezes, transmitidos simultaneamente em plataformas de transmissão ao vivo como a Twitch. O mundo do Loner foi notado por um escritor da NME por sua atenção aos detalhes na recriação de uma experiência de clube underground, e também por possuir banheiros.

Em junho de 2020, o músico eletrônico francês Jean-Michel Jarre apresentou uma experiência de concerto virtual no VRChat, chamado "Alone Together". Em 31 de dezembro de 2020, Jarre apresentou um segundo concerto virtual para a véspera de ano-novo, "Welcome to the Other Side", dentro do VRChat e transmitido em outras plataformas de rádio, televisão e on-line. O evento aconteceu na catedral de Notre-Dame, com Jarre apresentando a performance pessoalmente do lado de fora da catedral e o evento virtual usando uma recriação de seu interior.

Controvérsia
Em fevereiro de 2022, um pesquisador da BBC News, se passando por uma menina de 13 anos, testemunhou aliciamento, material sexual, insultos racistas e uma ameaça de estupro no VRChat. O chefe da política de segurança infantil on-line da Sociedade Nacional para a Prevenção da Crueldade com as Crianças, Andy Burrows, acrescentou que a investigação encontrou "uma combinação tóxica de riscos". O pesquisador da BBC baixou o VRChat de uma loja de aplicativos do headset Oculus Quest do Facebook, sem uma análise de verificação de idade — o único requisito é ter uma conta no Facebook. A pesquisadora da BBC News criou um perfil falso para configurar sua conta — e sua identidade real não foi verificada. Embora o Oculus possua um formulário em que os usuários possam denunciar abusos, o Centro de Combate ao Ódio Digital afirmou que a Meta raramente os leva a sério, e mesmo após um relato de cem violações de política no Oculus, eles não receberam uma resposta. Imran Ahmed, executivo-chefe da instituição de caridade, classificou a Meta como "uma fossa de ódio, pornografia e aliciamento infantil".

Ligações externas
Página oficial

Jogos eletrônicos de 2014
Jogos eletrônicos multijogador massivos online
Jogos eletrônicos em realidade virtual
Jogos eletrônicos com jogabilidade em plataforma cruzada
Jogos para Windows
Jogos eletrônicos com acesso antecipado
Jogos eletrônicos gratuitos para jogar
Jogos eletrônicos desenvolvidos nos Estados Unidos
Jogos eletrônicos independentes
Jogos eletrônicos com conteúdo de jogabilidade gerado pelo usuário
Jogos eletrônicos com animações em cel shading
Jogos eletrônicos em primeira pessoa
Controvérsias sobre obscenidade em jogos eletrônicos
Comunidades virtuais
Realidade virtual

VRChat


Alpinópolis es un municipio brasileño del estado de Minas Gerais. De acuerdo con el censo realizado por el IBGE en 2010, su población es de 18.490 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Sitio del municipio

Localidades de Minas Gerais

Alpinópolis


Neoregelia menescalii é uma espécie de planta do gênero Neoregelia e da família Bromeliaceae.

Taxonomia
A espécie foi descrita em 1998 por Elton Martinez Carvalho Leme, tendo o espécime tipo sido coletado em 1995.

Forma de vida
É uma espécie epífita, terrícola e herbácea.

Conservação
A espécie faz parte da Lista Vermelha das espécies ameaçadas do estado do Espírito Santo, no sudeste do Brasil. A lista foi publicada em 13 de junho de 2005 por intermédio do decreto estadual nº 1.499-R.

Distribuição
A espécie é endêmica do Brasil e encontrada no estado brasileiro de Espírito Santo. A espécie é encontrada no domínio fitogeográfico de Mata Atlântica, em regiões com vegetação de floresta ombrófila pluvial.

Ligações externas
 Neoregelia menescalii no projeto Flora e Funga do Brasil

Neoregelia
Plantas descritas em 1998
Flora do Espírito Santo (estado)
Espécies citadas na Lista Vermelha de Ameaça da Flora Brasileira
Espécies citadas na Lista de Espécies da Flora Ameaçadas do Espírito Santo

Neoregelia menescalii


Andra Veidemann (nascida Andra Eesmaa; 18 de julho de 1955, em Tallinn) é uma historiadora-etnóloga, editora, diplomata e política estoniana. Ela foi membro do VII Riigikogu. De 1999 a 2001 foi editora-chefe da editora AS Kirjastus Ilo. De 2006 a 2008, foi Adida Cultural da Embaixada da República da Estónia em Moscovo, Rússia.

Mulheres da Estônia na política
Nascidos em 1955
Pessoas vivas
Historiadores da Estónia
Diplomatas da Estônia
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)

Andra Veidemann


السلاح متحد المحور هو نظام سلاح يكون مثبت بجانب نظام سلاح رئيسي، في معظم الأوقات يكون مركبا على دبابة. تقريبا كل الدبابات الحديثة مجهزة بهذه الأنظمة. يسمح سلاح متحد المحور بمواجهة أهداف معادية لا تستدعي استخدام القوة النارية من السلاح الرئيسي ضدها، حيث أن هذا السلاح يكون ذا عيار أقل. يستخدم هذا السلاح ضد المشاة والعرابات ذات التدريع الخفيف، وأما السلاح الرئيسي فيستخدم ضد الآليات المدرعة مثل الدبابات. يكون أيضا مثبت في نفس اتجاه السلاح الرئيسي، ولكن معظم الوقت مداه أقل من مدى السلاح الرئيسي.

مصادر

رشاشات
تقنية عسكرية
مدافع دبابات
مكونات سلاح ناري

سلاح متحد المحور


Larry Riley ist ein US-amerikanischer Basketballfunktionär. Im Jahr 2009 wurde er zum Nachfolger von Chris Mullin im Amt des General Managers der Golden State Warriors ernannt.

Riley besuchte das Chadron State College und wurde 1993 in dessen Athletic Hall of Fame berufen.

Er lebt mit seiner Frau Renae zusammen. Sie haben zwei Kinder.

Einzelnachweise

Basketballfunktionär (Vereinigte Staaten)
Geboren im 20. Jahrhundert
Mann
US-Amerikaner

Larry Riley


بلدية الكازار ديل ري ، هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة قونكة إحدى مقاطعات إسبانيا، والتي تقع في منطقة قشتالة لا منتشا وسط البلاد، والمائلة لجهة الشرق من إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 214 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

مراجع

بلديات قونكة

الكازار ديل ري


කෙල්වින් () යනු උෂ්නත්වය මිනුමකි.

මෙම පරිමාණය සකසා ඇත්තේ එක් අචල ලක්ෂයක් ඇසුරෙණි.එය ජලයේ ත්‍රික ලක්ෂය(Tripal point of water) ලෙස හදුන්වයි.

සංශුද්ධ ද්‍රව වන අයිස්,සංශුද්ධ ජලය,සංතෘප්ත ජල වාශ්ප යන සියල්ල එකම තාප සමතුලිතතාවයේ පවතින උශ්ණත්වය වේ.

මීට අනුරූප උෂ්ණත්වයට 273.16ක අගයක්  දී ඇත.ජලයේ ත්‍රික ලක්ෂයේ තාපගතික උෂ්ණත්වයෙන් 1/273.16ක් ලෙස ලබා ගනී.

නිරපේක්ශ උශ්ණත්වය T නම් ,

T=t+273

t=සෙල්සියස් උෂ්ණත්වය

උෂ්ණත්වය

කෙල්වින්


Elizabeth Chase "Lizzie" Olsen (n. 16 februarie 1989) este o actriță americană. Este cunoscută pentru roluri în filme precum: Silent House (2011), Liberal Arts (2012), Godzilla (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016) si cel mai recent film am ei Doctor Strange In The Multiverse of Madness(2022). Rolul din filmul Martha Marcy May Marlene (2011), i-a adus o mulțime de nominalizări la diferite premii, cel mai notabil fiind Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead. Ea este sora mai mică a actrițelor si creatoarelor de modă Mary-Kate Olsen și Ashley Olsen.

Copilăria și adolescența
Născută în Sherman Oaks, California, fiică a lui Jarnette "Jarnie", manager personal și David "Dave" Olsen, dezvoltator imobiliar și bancher.

Fratele ei cel mare se numește Trent Olsen și mai are încă două surori vitrege, părinții lor divorțând în 1996.Familia lor are rădăcini norvegiene și engleze.

De mică, Elizabeth a luat lecții de canto și balet. A început să joace de mică în filmele surorilor mai mari. Înainte să împlinească 11 ani a avut roluri în How the West Was Fun și în serialul The Adventures of Mary-Kate & Ashley. După a participat la audții pentru alte proiecte.

A urmat școala Campbell Hall School în North Hollywood, California unde a parcurs anii de la grădiniță până în clasa a 12-a. După care s-a înscris la UniversitateaTisch School of the Arts. În 2009, Olsen a studiat un semestru în Moscova, Rusia la Universitatea Moscow Art Theatre prin programul MATS la centrul Eugene O'Neill Theater Center.

Carieră

Olsen și-a început cariera de actriță la vârsta de 4 ani și a apărut în 6 dintre filmele surorilor sale; de asemenea a participat la audiții pentru filmul Spy Kids. În 2004 aproape a renunțat la actorie datorită nebuniei iscată de mass media asupra tulburărilor în alimentație a surorii sale, Mary-Kate..

Rolul care i-a marcat cariera a fost cel din filmul Martha Marcy May Marlene. Atât filmul, cât și interpretarea acesteia au primit aprecierea criticilor. În acest film, Olsen o joacă pe Martha, o fată care suferă de paranoia și amăgire după ce fuge dintr-un cult și se întoarce la familia sa. Apoi a jucat în filmul horror Silent House, în care a primit rolul lui Sarah. Filmul a primit recenzii de diferite păreri,[citation needed] deși interpretarea actriței a fost lăudată din nou . Olsen a apărut de asemenea în videoclipul "The Queen" al formației Carlotta. A apărut în filmul Red Lights filmat în mijlocul lui 2011 și a apărut în SUA pe data de 13 iulie 2012. Și-a mai făcut apariția și în filmul lui  Josh Radnor, Liberal Arts, care a fost lansat pe 22 ianuarie 2012. Într-o colaborare cu Dakota Fanning a mai jucat în filmul din 2013, Very Good Girls.

În ianuarie 2013, a fost nominalizată la premiul BAFTA Rising Star Award. A fost protagonista refacerii americane din 2003 a filmului sud corean, Oldboy; aici o portretizează pe Marie, o tânără asistentă socială care o să aibă o relație cu protagonistul jucat de Josh Brolin. A intrat în rolul lui Edie Parker, prima soție a lui Jack Kerouac și autoare a memoriilor din generația Beat, "You'll Be Okay", în filmul Kill Your Darlings.

În 2014, Olsen a apărut în rebutul filmului Godzilla făcut de către Legendary, alături de Bryan Cranston și Aaron Taylor-Johnson. Olsen s-a alăturat universului cinematic, Marvel, portretizând personajul Scarlet Witch în filmul Avengers: Age of Ultron, continuare din 2015 a filmului The Avengers. A apărut prima dată ca acest personaj în creditele filmului Captain America: The Winter Soldier, din nou alături de co-starul său din  Godzilla,Taylor-Johnson, care îl portretizează pe fratele ei, Quicksilver. A reluat rolul  Scarlet Witch în filmul Avengers: Age of Ultron și în filmul din 2016, Captain America: Civil War.

În septembrie 2014, a fost anunțat că o va juca pe  Audrey Williams, soția lui Hank Williams, managerul și partenerul său în filmul ce va apărea în 2015, I Saw the Light , produs de Marc Abraham, în care Tom Hiddleston îl joacă pe Hank Williams.

În ianuarie 2016, a fost anunțat că va colabora alături de co-staul său din filmul Avengers: Age of Ultron, Jeremy Renner în filmul de debut a lui Taylor Sheridan, Wind River..

Viața personală
Olsen a urmat  New York University's Tisch School of the Arts și Atlantic Theater Company și a absolvit în 2013 după 6 ani de studiu . Linia de haine a surorilor ei, "Elizabeth and James" a fost numită după ea și fratele ei mai mare.

Olsen a început o relație cu actorul Boyd Holbrook în septembrie 2012 după ce s-au cunoscut la filmările pentru Very Good Girls. În martie 2014 s-au logodit,dar s-au despărțit și au rupt logodna în ianuarie 2015.

Filmografie

Premii și nominalizări

Surse

Nașteri în 1989
Actrițe americane din secolul al XXI-lea
Americani de origine engleză
Oameni în viață

Elizabeth Olsen


{{Ficha de obra de teatro
|nombre          = Ifigenia en Áulide
|nombre original = Ifigenia in Aulide
|imagen          =Francesco Fontebasso.jpg
|descripción     = El sacrificio de Ifigenia, de Fontebasso (1749).|género          = ópera seria
|actos           = 3 actos
|idioma          = Italiano
|libretista      = Ferdinando Moretti
|compositor      = Luigi Cherubini
|UP              =
|base            = Eurípides: Ifigenia en Áulide
|año estreno     = 12 de enero de 1788
|teatro estreno  = Teatro Regio
|lugar estreno   = Turín
|personajes      = Achille (contralto)
Agamennone (tenor)
Alcade (soprano)
Calcante (bajo)
Erifile (soprano)
Ifigenia (soprano)
Ulisse (mezzosoprano)
}}Ifigenia en Áulide (título original en italiano, Ifigenia in Aulide) es una ópera seria en tres actos con música de Luigi Cherubini y libreto en italiano de Ferdinando Moretti. Se estrenó en el Teatro Regio de Turín el 12 de enero de 1788.

Es la última ópera seria italiana de Cherubini. Tuvo éxito en su estreno. En el otoño del mismo año de su estreno, 1788, fue representada en el Teatro de la Scala de Milán, pero desde entonces aparece raramente en los teatros líricos. Fue revivida sólo el 24 de junio de 2005 en el Festival de Música de Sassuolo, dirigido por Tiziano Severini (revisión y transcripción de Luciano Bettarini).

Notas

Óperas de Luigi Cherubini
Óperas de 1788
Óperas en italiano
Óperas estrenadas en Turín
cherubini

Ifigenia en Áulide (Cherubini)


SillyFangirl é um jogador brasileiro de osu!mania. Jogou pela equipe nacional no osu!mania 4K World Cup de 2021, que se tornou bicampeã ao vencer os Estados Unidos. No mesmo ano, venceu o Prêmio eSports Brasil na categoria "Melhor Atleta de Outras Modalidades", e foi indicado na edição do ano seguinte na mesma categoria.

Prêmios e indicações

Jogadores brasileiros de esportes eletrônicos

SillyFangirl


في الهندسة الرياضية، المضلع الاثْنَا عَشَرِيّ أو ذو الإثني عشر ضلعا أو الثِّنْعَشري الأضلاع (ج. ذوات الإثني عشر ضلعا، وباليونانية دُودِكَغُونُن δωδεκάγωνον) هو مضلع له اثنا عشر ضلعا واثنتا عشرة زاوية.

ذو الإثني عشر ضلعا المنتظم

ذو الإثني عشر ضلعا المنتظم تكون جميع أضلاعه ذات طول متساو، وجميع زواياه ذات قياس يساوي 150°. تعطى مساحته بالعلاقة حيث a طول ضلعه:

أو بدلالة R نصف قطر الدائرة المحيطة به:

أو بدلالة r نصف قطر الدائرة المحاطة داخله:

مراجع

مضلعات
12 (عدد)

اثنا عشري الأضلاع


Meri Kuri (メリクリ Merry Chri, kort for Merry Christmas) er BoA's 14. japanske solosingle og samtidig 3. koreanske solosingle. Sangen blev på samme tid i 2004 udgivet i en japansk og en koreansk version. Promoveringsvideoen blev offentliggjort på BoAs 18 års fødselsdag og blev optaget dels ved Chapel on the Water ved Sapporo, dels ved Ochiai Station i Hokkaidō.

Sangens tekst er skrevet af Kan Tinhua og dens melodi er skrevet af Kazuhiro Hara, som også stod for arrangementet.

Sangen blev et stort hit og nåede en 5. plads på Oricon Weekly Singles Chart med 136.725 solgte eksemplarer i Sydkorea og en 31. plads på Hot 100 Billboard Japan.

BoA optrådte ofte med sangen. Legendarisk er hendes optræden, hvor publikum - efter at hun havde afsluttet fremførelsen - selv tager sangen op igen og synger med.

Sangen er også blevet fremført i en coverversion af den amerikanske rockgruppe Weezer på grundlag af den japanske version på en Deluxe-udgave af gruppens 2008 album med samme titel som gruppen.

Track liste

Japansk version
 Meri Kuri (メリクリ)
 Mega Step
 The Christmas Song
 Meri Kuri (メリクリ) (Instrumental)
 Mega Step (Instrumental)

Koreansk version
 Merry-Chri (메리-크리)
 Mega Step
 The Christmas Song
 Merry-Chri (메리-크리) (Instrumental)
 Mega Step (Instrumental)

Note

Eksterne henvisninger
 BoA - Meri Kuri (officiel version)
 BoA メリクリ Meri Kuri (koncertversion)

Musik fra Japan
Musik fra Sydkorea

Meri Kuri


Tunç Yalman (d. 25 Eylül 1925, İstanbul – ö. 3 Mart 2006, İzmir), tiyatro sanatçısı. Oyunculuk, yönetmenlik, çevirmenlik yapmıştır. Broadway'de oyun sahneleyen ilk Türk tiyatro sanatçısıdır. Yazar ve çevirmen Rezzan Yalman ile gazeteci ve yazar Ahmet Emin Yalman'ın oğludur.

Tiyatro yaşamına Robert Kolej'de öğrenciyken başladı. Okulunu bitirdiği 1944 yılında Muhsin Ertuğrul'un gençlerle hazırladığı Othello oyununda sahneye çıktı. 1945'te Kuzey İrlanda'da Queens Üniversitesinde İngiliz Edebiyatı okudu. 1946 yılında İstanbul Şehir Tiyatroları'na girdi ve Muhsin Ertuğrul ile birlikte çalıştı. Tiyatroyu onun yanında öğrendi, ona olan hayranlığı ölene dek sürdü. 2000 yılında yayınladığı, bir anı kitabı olmanın ötesinde Türk tiyatrosu adına önemli bir belge olan "Tunç İki Gözüm" adlı eserinde Muhsin Ertuğrul'dan kendisine gönderilen mektupları okuyucuya sundu.

Tunç Yalman tiyatro eğitimini ve bu alanda yüksek lisansını ABD'de Yale Üniversitesinde tamamladı. Milwaukee Repertuvar Tiyatrosunda yönetmen olarak çalıştı. Daha sonra Vatan gazetesi'nde üç yıl boyunca Şakir Eczacıbaşı ile birlikte 'Sanat Yaprağı'nı çıkardı.

Rockefeller Vakfı bursu ile ABD ve Avrupa'nın belli başlı tiyatrolarında incelemeler yaptı. 1957 yılında yönetmen ve oyuncu olarak Dormen Tiyatrosu kadrosuna katıldı. 1959 yılında Fransa'ya giderek reji asistanı oldu. 1960 yılında dönerek Şehir Tiyatrosuna girdi.

Gerek özel tiyatrolarda gerekse İstanbul Şehir Tiyatrosunda çeşitli oyunlar sahneleyen Tunç Yalman 1976-1989 yılları arasında ABD'de Carnegie Mellon Üniversitesinde Tiyatro Kürsüsünde ders vermeye başladı. Bu arada pek çok Fransızca ve İngilizce oyunu da Türkçeye çevirdi.

Tunç Yalman oyunculuğunun, yönetmenliğinin ve çevirmenliğinin yanı sıra, uzun yıllar babası Ahmet Emin Yalman'ın sahibi olduğu Vatan Gazetesinde yazdığı tiyatro yazıları ve eleştirileriyle de Türk tiyatrosuna önemli katkılarda bulundu.

Tunç Yalman uzun yıllar boyunca Uluslararası İstanbul Tiyatro Festivalinin Danışma Kurulunda da görev yaptı.

3 Mart 2006 tarihinde öldü. Cenazesi Feriköy Mezarlığı'na defnedildi.

Yönettiği bazı tiyatro oyunları
 Altı erece Uzak : John Guare - İstanbul Şehir Tiyatrosu - 1992
 Aktör Kean : Raymund Fıtzsımons - İstanbul Şehir Tiyatrosu - 1989
 Aç Sınıfın Laneti : Sam Shepard - İstanbul Şehir Tiyatrosu - 1988
 Vahşi Batı : Sam Shepard - İstanbul Şehir Tiyatrosu - 1986
 Nora (Bir Bebek Evi : Henrik İbsen - İstanbul Şehir Tiyatrosu - 1985

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Robert Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
Türk çevirmenler
Türk tiyatro yönetmenleri
İstanbul Şehir Tiyatroları sanatçıları
Türk erkek tiyatro oyuncuları
1925 doğumlular
2006 yılında ölenler
Feriköy Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
İstanbul doğumlu çevirmenler

Tunç Yalman


La Rancagua (LST-92) es una barcaza tipo LST de la Clase Batral perteneciente al Comando Anfibio y Transportes Navales de la Armada de Chile. Su comandante destacado fue Jose Ahumada Y.

Historia

Barcaza LST 92, fue construida para la Armada de Chile por la Planta Industrial de Asmar de Talcahuano, según los planos de la Clase "Batral" de la Armada de Francia, previo convenio con el gobierno de dicho país.

Fue botada el 26 de septiembre de 1981, y bautizada el 26 de marzo de 1982, siendo su madrina la señora Teresa Adriazola de Poisson, esposa del Jefe del Estado Mayor General de la Armada, Vicealmirante Maurice Poisson Eastman.

El 8 de agosto de 1983 fue entregada oficialmente a la Armada e incorporada al servicio, subordinada a la Comandancia en Jefe de la Tercera Zona Naval, siendo su primer Comandante el capitán de corbeta Guillermo Valenzuela Goudie.

Durante su dependencia de la Comandancia en Jefe de la Tercera Zona Naval, le correspondió participar activamente en las más variadas comisiones, como viajes al Territorio Chileno Antártico, construcción de la Cruz de los Mares en Cabo Froward y diversas tareas de apoyo a la comunidad a lo largo del litoral nacional.

El 22 de marzo de 1993, tras operar 10 años en los mares australes, la Rancagua pasó a depender del Comando Anfibio y Transportes Navales, con base en Valparaíso, hasta 2011 cuando el Comando Anfibio se trasladó a Talcahuano en la II Zona Naval, siendo esta su base en la actualidad.

Misión

Actualmente la barcaza es uno de los principales medios con que cuenta la Armada para efectuar Operaciones Anfibias y transportar tropas de Infantería de marina y servir, además, para el transporte de carga y pasajeros, tareas que le han significado tener que navegar por todo el litoral, incluyendo las posesiones insulares de Isla de Pascua, Isla Sala y Gómez, Isla San Félix y Archipiélago Juan Fernández.

Véase también
 Anexo:Buques de asalto anfibio de Chile
 Anexo:Embarcaciones construidas en ASMAR

Referencias

Buques de asalto anfibio de Chile
Barcos construidos en Chile

Rancagua (LST-92)


Blessed Are the Sick drugi je studijski album američkog death metal-sastava Morbid Angel. Objavljen je 22. svibnja 1991. godine. Uz albume Altars of Madness i Covenant smatra se jednim od klasika death metala. Pjesme 9., 10. i 12. ponovno su snimljene inačice pjesama s albuma Abominations of Desolation.

Omot čini slika belgijskog slikara Jeana Delvillea "Les Tresors De Satan" iz 1895. godine.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

Morbid Angel

 Trey Azagthoth – gitara, klavijature, glazba (1. – 10., 12. – 13.), tekstovi (pjesme 9., 10., 12.)
 Richard Brunelle – gitara, glazba (pjesma 11.)
 Pete Sandoval – bubnjevi
 David Vincent – vokali, bas-gitara, glazba (pjesme 2. – 4., 6. – 9.)

Ostalo osoblje

 Nimbus – mastering
 Tom Morris – inženjer zvuka, miks
 Jean Delville (1867. – 1952.) – omot (slika "Les Tresors De Satan")
 Martin Nesbitt – grafički dizajn
 Johnny Barry – grafički dizajn

Izvori

Albumi sastava Morbid Angel
Albumi iz 1991.

Blessed Are the Sick


Hugh Leo Carey (April 11, 1919 – August 7, 2011) was an American politician and attorney of the Democratic Party who served in U.S. House of Representatives from 1961 to 1974 and as the 51st governor of New York from 1975 to 1982.

Early life
Carey was born in New York City, the son of Margaret (née Collins) and Dennis Joseph Carey. Among his siblings were brothers Edward M. Carey (former president of Carey Energy Corporation) and Martin T. Carey (an entrepreneur who owned Winfield Hall and Bogheid in Glen Cove and Seaview Terrace in Newport).

Education and military service
In 1939, Carey enlisted in the New York National Guard as a private in C Squadron, 101st Cavalry. Later, he served as a major in the 104th Infantry Division, known as the
"Timberwolves". He served in the 415th Infantry Regiment of the 104th Division as the Regimental S-3, operations officer. Carey was with the 104th Division throughout its 10-month campaign in the European Theater of Operations, which included the fighting in Northern France, Holland and Germany. His awards include the Combat Infantryman Badge, the Bronze Star with Oak Leaf Clusters, and the Croix de Guerre with Silver Star. He was discharged in 1946 at the rank of colonel.

He received his B.A. from St. John's University in 1942. Following his military service, he enrolled at the institution's law school, where he earned his J.D. in 1951. He was admitted to the New York state bar that same year.

Career
Carey was a partner in the law firm of Finley, Kumble, Wagner, Underberg, Manley, Myerson & Casey.

U.S. House of Representatives

In 1960, running as a Democrat, Carey was elected to the United States House of Representatives from a district generally centered around Brooklyn's Park Slope, Sunset Park and Bay Ridge neighborhoods, unseating Republican incumbent Francis E. Dorn. Carey's seven terms in office coincided with major demographic changes in his district, as exemplified by deindustralization and the decline of the Sunset Park waterfront's longstanding breakbulk cargo businesses; the concomitant emergence of gentrification in eastern Park Slope; the coalescence of a nascent Puerto Rican community in western Park Slope and Sunset Park; and the opening of Bay Ridge's Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge (which spurred migration by many working-class whites in his district to the more suburban borough of Staten Island) in 1964. Although he has been erroneously characterized as the first congressman to oppose the Vietnam War (a stance actually taken by Morningside Heights-based congressman William Fitts Ryan), he may have been the first member of the Brooklyn congressional delegation to speak out against the conflict following discussions with several of his children.

In 1966, he was appointed Chairman of the Adhoc Subcommittee on the Handicapped by Adam Clayton Powell, then Chairman of the House Education and Labor Committee. The sub-committee held hearings in Washington and New York City and Carey introduced HR 14. The "Carey Bill" provided, for the first time, a program of grants to the states for "initiating, expanding or improving education for children with disabilities. It also included other titles mirroring the structure of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, PL 89–10, which Carey had assisted Powell in passing as part of the Lyndon Baines Johnson initiative.

Three parts of the Bill were picked up by the Senate: the grants to states, a new Bureau of Education for the Handicapped in the U.S. Office of Education and a National Advisory Committee. Carey's friend and mentor, John Fogerty of Rhode Island, the powerful Chairman of the Appropriations Subcommittee which provided funding for all Health, Education and Welfare programs, backed his legislation. The bill became Title VI of the ESEA, as Public Law 89-750, in 1966. Carey also sponsored and saw passed that year The Model Secondary School for the Deaf Bill, to be established on the campus of the world's only liberal arts college for the deaf. In 1965, he and Fogerty had sponsored The National Technical Institute for the Deaf, which was awarded to the Rochester Institute of Technology.

The Carey Bill and its grant program to the states began with a $2.5 million appropriation, to provide each state with $50,000 to plan for its implementation. The second year, the appropriation was $12.25 million, distributed to the states in proportion to their population. In 1975 Congress passed the Education for All Handicapped Children Bill, PL 94-142 which today distributes approximately $11 billion to the states for this purpose.

He served on the House Ways and Means Committee and led the effort to pass the first Federal Aid to Education program. He was elected Governor of New York in 1974 and resigned his Congressional seat on December 31, 1974.

City politics
In 1969 Carey ran briefly for the Democratic nomination for Mayor. He then agreed to run for City Council President on the ticket led by former Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. Carey narrowly lost the primary to incumbent City Council President Francis X. Smith. Then he briefly mounted an independent bid for Mayor, from which he withdrew after the death of his two eldest sons in a car accident.

Governor of New York

In the state election of 1974, Carey became New York's first Democratic governor in 16 years, defeating Howard Samuels for the Democratic nomination and then unseating incumbent Republican Malcolm Wilson, who had assumed the office after Nelson Rockefeller resigned in December 1973 to serve on the Commission on Critical Choices for Americans. Nationally, the 1974 election was dominated by the Watergate scandal, which had destroyed President Richard Nixon's presidency and hurt Republicans nationwide. In 1974, Democrats also recaptured the New York State Assembly.

Carey is best remembered for his successful handling of New York City's economic crisis in the mid-1970s. Carey came into office with New York City close to bankruptcy and is credited with bringing business and labor together to help save New York City from the fiscal crisis. Carey managed to keep the growth of state spending below the rate of inflation through his frequent use of line-item vetoes and fights with the New York State Legislature, which was at the time divided between a Republican-controlled Senate and a Democratic-controlled Assembly.

Upon taking office, Carey cut taxes significantly, reducing corporate taxes from 14% to 10%, and capping personal income tax at 9%, and reducing capital gains taxes as well. His administration also offered tax credits to encourage new investment.  As governor, he was responsible for building the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center; Battery Park City; the South Street Seaport and the economic development of New York City's outer boroughs. He also helped provide state funding for the construction of the Carrier Dome at Syracuse University. He is also remembered for preventing conservative legislators from reinstating the death penalty and preventing such legislators from taking away state abortion laws.

Carey signed the Willowbrook Consent Decree, which ended the hospitalisation of the mentally ill and developmentally disabled. His vision and leadership led to the community placement of the mentally ill and developmentally disabled, but also an increase of these people living on the streets. He also made major strides in community programs for the mentally ill. Carey also pardoned Cleveland "Jomo" Davis, one of the leaders of the Attica prison riots.

Carey's tenure in office was marked by a growing awareness of the environmental consequences of New York's strong industrial base, including the designation by the federal government of the Love Canal disaster area. Carey made environmental issues a priority of his administration.

Along with Senators Edward Kennedy and Daniel Patrick Moynihan and U.S. House Speaker Tip O'Neill, Carey led efforts to end the violence in Northern Ireland and support peace in the region. The four Irish-American politicians called themselves "The Four Horsemen."

In 1977, he suffered a major setback, when he lost the case Carey v. Population Services International. He batted for a law which prevented Population Services International [PSI] to distribute contraceptives to minors below 16 years. But Supreme Court thought otherwise. According to the Supreme Court, it was a violation of minors' right to privacy.

Carey considered running for president in 1976 and 1980. Carey's first wife had died in 1974, and Carey later attributed his decision not to seek the Democratic nomination for president in 1976 to her death. In 1978, he was challenged for re-election by State Assembly Minority Leader and former Assembly Speaker Perry Duryea. After a competitive, sometimes negative campaign, Carey was the first Democrat re-elected in 40 years.

According to political scientist and author Daniel C. Kramer "The Carey Administration had a hand in many important projects, the modernization of New York City's subways and the rescue of homeowners living in the Love Canal neighborhood being just two, before Carey committed several serious blunders which lowered voters' opinion of him that he decided not to run for reelection in 1982. Through it all, this man with the embarassingly-low poll ratings turned into a superb governor."16 On January 1, 1983, he was succeeded by his lieutenant governor, Mario Cuomo.

Later career
In 1989, Carey announced that he was no longer pro-choice and regretted his support for legalized abortion and public financing of abortion as governor. In 1992, he joined other anti-abortion leaders in signing the anti-abortion document "A New American Compact: Caring About Women, Caring for the Unborn."

Later in his life, he was of counsel at the law firm of Shea & Gould. He continued to practice law as a member of the Harris Beach law firm and sat on the board of  Triarc Cos., the Nelson Peltz controlled holding company.

Personal life
In 1947, Carey married Helen Owen (1924–1974). They became the parents of Alexandria, Christopher, Susan, Peter, Hugh, Jr., Michael, Donald, Marianne, Nancy, Helen, Bryan, Paul, Kevin, and Thomas. Beginning in 1961, the family resided at 61 Prospect Park West, a 1910 Park Slope mansion built for the daughter of Bon Ami Company chairman and Progressive Era philanthropist William H. Childs; a decade later, Carey sold the home to journalist Pete Hamill. His wife, Helen, died of breast cancer in 1974. Peter and Hugh, Jr. died in an automobile accident in 1969. Carey was devastated by the death of his wife and laid to rest any plans for the White House. Paul, who served as White House Special Assistant to President Bill Clinton as well as 77th Commissioner of the Securities and Exchange Commission, died of cancer in 2001.

In 1981, Carey married Evangeline Gouletas, a Chicago-based real estate mogul, just three months after meeting her. This marriage proved controversial and a political liability. The marriage generated controversy due to false statements Gouletas made about her marital history. Initially, Gouletas claimed that she was a widow of a single marriage but later affirmed on the marriage license that she had two ex-husbands. Gouletas also said that her first husband, with whom she had a daughter, was dead, but he was still alive at the time. In reality, she actually had three previous marriages, and all three of her former husbands were still living at the time. The marriage also caused trouble for Carey with the Catholic Church, since he married a thrice-divorced woman in a Greek Orthodox Church; the church, which does not recognize civil no-fault divorce, refused to perform communion. To an extent, the marriage also hurt his public reputation. Carey and Gouletas divorced in 1989.
Carey later described this marriage as "his greatest failure."Carey died surrounded by his family on August 7, 2011, aged 92. He was at his summer home on Shelter Island, New York.

Legacy
On October 22, 2009, he was named as the recipient of University at Albany Foundation's Citizen Laureate Award. On October 22, 2012, the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel was officially renamed the "Hugh L. Carey Tunnel".
Building 14 at the Rochester Institute of Technology was named for Carey in 1984.

References

Bibliography

 Paterson, David "Black, Blind, & In Charge: A Story of Visionary Leadership and Overcoming Adversity."Skyhorse Publishing. New York, New York, 2020

Primary sources
 Almeida, Linda Dowling, Peter Quinn, and Hugh Carey. "Oral History: Governor Hugh Carey Interviewed by Peter Quinn." American Journal of Irish Studies (2012): 179–190. in JSTOR

External links

 "New York's Forgotten Governor"  through the University at Albany, SUNY.

|-

1919 births
2011 deaths
Politicians from Brooklyn
Democratic Party governors of New York (state)
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)
St. John's University (New York City) alumni
St. John's University School of Law alumni
Candidates in the 1976 United States presidential election
Candidates in the 1980 United States presidential election
20th-century American politicians
United States Army officers
United States Army personnel of World War II
American anti-abortion activists
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
Activists from New York (state)
Catholics from New York (state)

Hugh Carey


ඒකාබද්ධ ගයනා ජනරජය යන නිල නාමයෙන් හඳුන්වන ගයනාව, පෙර කල ව්‍යවහාර කරනු ලැබුවේ 'බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ගයනා' යන නමින් ය. මෙය පිහිටා ඇත්තේ ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා භාවිතයෙන් යුත් කැරිබියන් හි සංස්කෘතිකමය කොටස්කරුවකු වන දකුණු ඇමෙරිකා‍වේ උතුරු වෙරළ තීරයේ ය.

1948 දී යුරෝපීයන් විසින් ගවේෂණය කර සොයා ගනු ලැබූ ගයනාව සමඟ  වසර 500 කටත් වැඩි කාලයක සිට ස්පාඤ්ඤ, ලන්දේසි සහ බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයින්  අරගලයෙහි යෙදුනහ. දකුණු  ඇමෙරිකාවේ ප්‍රධාන භූමියෙහි පිහිටි පොදුරාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලයට අයත් එකම රාජ්‍යය වන්නේ ගයනාවයි. ගයනාවේ අගනුවර වන ජොර්ජ්ටවුන් හි ස්වකීය මහලේකම් මුලස්ථානය පිහිටුවා ගෙන ඇති 'කැරිබියන් ප්‍රජාව' නම් (Caricom) සංවිධානයේ ගයනා රාජ්‍යය සාමාජිකයෙක් වෙයි. එක්සත් රාජධානිය වෙතින් මෙරට නිදහස ලැබුවේ 1966 වර්ෂයේ දීය.

ඵෙතිහාසිකව සලකා බැලූ කළ ගයනා නමින් දන්නා ප්‍රදේශය (ජලය බහුල පෙදෙස)  (Land of many waters), ඇමසොන් ගංගාවේ උතුරින් හා ඔරිනොකෝ ගංගාවෙන් නැගෙනහිරින් පිහිටි විශාල ගොඩබිම් ප්‍රමාණයකින්  සමන්විතව යෝධ පළිහක් සේ තිබිණි. 17 වන සියවසේ පසුභාගයේ දී සහ 18 වන සියවසේ මුල් කාලයේ දී අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීන් විසින් මතු කී විශාල බිම් පෙදෙසින් උප පාලන ප්‍රදේශ පහක් කැබලි කර වෙන් කරවන ලදි. මෙම උප පාලන ප්‍රදේශ පහ නම් වශයෙන් දක්වතොත් මෙසේ වෙයි.

ස්පාඤ්ඤ ගයනාව (දැන් වෙනිසියුලාව), පෘතුගීසි ගයනා (දැන් උතුරු බ්‍රසීලය), බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ගයනාව (දැන් ගයනාව), ඕලන්ද ගයනාව (දැන් සුරිනාමය) ප්‍රංශ ගයනාවේ පිහිටි ප්‍රංශයට අයත් නූතන පාලන ප්‍රදේශ වශයෙනි. නූතන ගයනාවේ දේශ සීමාවන් වන්නේ, නැගෙනහිරින් සූරිනාමය, දකුණින් සහ නිරිත දිගට බ්‍රසීලය, බටහිරින් වෙනිසියුලාව සහ උතුරින් අත්ලාන්තික් සාගරය යනාදියයි.

වර්‍ග කි.මී. 215,000 ක භූමි ප්‍රමාණයකින් යුත් ගයනාව, (උරුගුවේ සහ සුරියනාමයට පසුව ) දකුණු ඇමෙරිකා ප්‍රධාන භුමියෙහි පිහිටි තෙවන කුඩාම රට වේ. මෙහි ජනගහනය දළ වශයෙන් 770,000 ක් වේ. (පෘතුගීසි) බ්‍රසීලය, (ඕලන්ද) සූරියනාමය, (ප්‍රංශ) ප්‍රංශ ගයනාව රටවලට අතිරේකව, ස්පාඤ්ඤ බස භාවිතා නොකරන රටවල් හතරෙන් එකක්  ගයනා රාජ්‍යය හදුනාගෙන තිබේ.

ගයනාව


O Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional (ECI) é um instituto criado pela Corte Constitucional Colombiana e declarado quando uma Corte se depara com uma situação de violação massiva e generalizada de direitos fundamentais que afeta um número amplo de pessoas. Esse instituto foi apresentado ao ordenamento jurídico brasileiro pela ADPF 347, que trata sobre as condições desumanas do sistema carcerário. A declaração de um estado de coisas inconstitucional permite que o Poder Judiciário entre em diálogo com os demais Poderes, estipulando e acompanhado medidas em busca da efetivação de direitos fundamentais.

Referências

Direitos humanos

Estado de coisas inconstitucional


El-Ceyş () ya da tam adıyla Nadi El-Ceyş el-Riyadi (), Türkçe:El Ordu takımı Suriye'nin başkenti Şam'da 1947 yılında kurulmuş olan Suriye futbol kulübüdür.

El-Jaish takımı maçlarını Abbasiyyin Stadyumunda yapmaktadır.

Başarılar
 Suriye Futbol Şampiyonu:1973, 1976, 1979, 1985, 1986, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019
 Suriye Futbol Kupası Şampiyonu:1986, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004
 Finalist :2004
 Arap Şampiyonlar Ligi:
 Finalist :1999, 2000

Suriye'deki futbol kulüpleri
Şam
1947'de kurulan futbol kulüpleri

El-Ceyş


උපාලි කන්නංගර (5 ජනවාරි 1951 – 12 දෙසැම්බර් 2018: English: Upali Kannangara), යනු ශ්‍රී ලාංකික සංගීතවේදියෙකු හා ගායකයෙකි . ගිටාර් වාදන ශිල්පියෙකු ලෙස සංගීත ගමන ආරම්භ කල ඔහු එලිමහන් වේදිකා සංගීතයන්හි ඉතා ජනප්‍රිය වු ශිල්පියෙකි. ඔහුගේ මතකයේ රැදුනු ගී අතර දුම්බර මිටියාවත පැත්තේ, ඉවසිල්ලක් නෑ, ගෙලේ රන්මාල, සහ පාරට කිට්ටුව පවතී.

Career
His career spanned nearly a decade and a half as the lead guitarist of the popular band Super Star led by Ernest Soysa since 1974. During this period, Kannangara and the Super Stars were the leading band of the "Nandana Vindana" monthly concert produced by Jathika Rupavahini as well as "Madu Rasanga" on ITN Networks. The band was the only band to have four Music Directors namely Ernest Soysa, Sarath de Alwis, Upali Kannangara and Nesan Thiagarajah. They were the first band to be invited twice overseas in 1975 to perform in Kuwait and Bahrain.

In 1990s, he sang a number of memorable songs and was an indispensable singer on the concert stage for decades. Then he moved over to the Super Fortunes band with Keerthi Pasquel and Ernest Soysa. Some of his most popular songs include, Parata Kittuwa, Gele Ranmala Da, Dumbara Mitiyawatha Madde, Iwasillak Na Dakina Thura and Mage Pabawathiye. When he was at peak, he was invited for more than five outdoor musical shows around the country in one day. After that, he stayed away from local music for a while and went abroad. He was also the Music Director of the popular television serial Isiwara Wedaduru telecast on Jathika Rupavahini. On 10 December 2006, he staged his own musical show 'Swarna Sarani' at the BMICH. During the event, he also launched his second CD "Randoli" which consisted of sixteen tracks, where the music is played by an orchestra conducted by Ernest Soysa.

In 1984, he made playback singing for the comedy film Kakilley Rajjuruwo directed by Tissa Nagodavithana. Apart from singing, he also composed many popular songs for fellow artists, such as Dasa Ridenawa Para Bala Indala (by Milton Mallawarachchi), Adare Sitha Sanasana Adare (by Keerthi Pasquel), Pem Benda Sith Benda and Nelum Vile Kalum Pera (both songs sung by Chandra Kumara Kandanarachchi). On 7 November 2015, The Super Stars Super Concert Musical Extravaganza was held at the Nelum Pokuna theatre, Colombo at 6.30 p.m to mark the reunion of the original members of the band almost after 25 years. In 2016, he became the music director of the film Weerawarna directed by Shahiru Ranasinghe.

ගීත එකතුව
 ඇල්බමය - පාරට කිට්ටුව

 Parata Kittuwa - 03.52
 Pabawathie 03.51
 Dumbara Mitiyawatha 04.47
 Iwasillak Na 04.35
 Sanda Renu 03.46
 Mal Wasanthaye 03.16
Ganganodare
 Susum Kandulata නිරෝෂා විරාජිනි සමග 04.02
 Nidi Nathi Dese 03.50
 Parasathu Kusume 04.07
 Sitha Ninnada Deela 04.03
 Gele Ranmala Da 03.41

මූලාශ්‍ර

උපාලි කන්නංගර


L'envoi à dame est un principe combinatoire surprenant du jeu de dames qui consiste à donner du matériel à l'adversaire pour lui permettre de promouvoir un de ses pions en dame.

Du fait de l'obligation de prendre, cette dame adverse est ensuite utilisée pour combiner avantageusement, généralement en la piégeant pour réaliser une rafle.

Principe de l'envoi à dame

Si ce mécanisme s'envisage fréquemment en fin de rencontre, il peut toutefois intervenir dès le 7 temps d'une partie, comme dans le coup Van Bergen.

Thème aux applications très variées, l'envoi à dame peut permettre de bénéficier d'un temps de repos quand la dame menace une pièce déjà présente dans son alignement. Suivant en cela la règle disant qu'« une dame doit attendre que l'adversaire ait joué une fois avant d'entrer en action ».

C'est souvent le pouvoir de prendre à distance de la dame qui est recherché, comme dans le coup de longue-vue. Voir animation. Le coup Marne et le coup du trampoline en sont des cas particuliers.

Cette capacité permet parfois d'attirer la dame sur une case où aucun pion adverse ne pourrait être acheminé.

Manœuvrer une dame adverse nécessite cependant de stopper sa course, à l'aide parfois d'une butée dont la mise en place est illustrée dans le coup d'arrêt ; Ou en exploitant la règle « une pièce capturée ne peut pas être prise une seconde fois », comme dans les coups suisse et turc.

Une prise majoritaire, imposée à la dame adverse, peut permettre un « collage », comme souvent dans le coup de l'Africain.

La dame adverse peut aussi être enfermée ou bloquée dans de nombreux pièges, comme ceux des deux pôles ou du fondeur de cloches.

Parmi d'autres coups classiques et de très nombreuses combinaisons, le thème de l'envoi à dame peut se trouver dans le coup Napoléon, dans le coup de l'assommoir et dans le coup Manoury.

Enfin une combinaison peut comporter plusieurs envois à dame comme dans le coup de l'escalier.

Liens externes
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Bibliographie
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Notes et références

envoiadame

Envoi à dame


An Cyperus digitatus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni William Roxburgh. An Cyperus digitatus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyperus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo diri gud kababarak-an.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 C. d. auricomus
 C. d. digitatus
 C. d. khasiana

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cyperus

Cyperus digitatus


النيوديميوم عنصر كيميائي في الجدول الدوري له الرمز Nd والعدد الذري 60 وهو من اللانثانيدات وهو عنصر فلزي نادر لونة أبيض فضي، يفقد بريقه بسهولة في الهواء تم اكتشاف النيوديميوم في عام 1885 من قبل الكيميائي النمساوي كارل أوير فون.. على الرغم من أن النيوديميوم يُصنّف انه نادر في الأرض، إلا أنه عنصر شائع إلى حدٍ ما، وليس أكثر ندرة من الكوبلت أو النيكل أو النحاس، ويتم توزيعه على نطاق واسع في القشرة الأرضية يتم استخراج معظم النيوديميوم التجاري في العالم في الصين.

تم استخدام مركبات النيوديميوم لأول مرة تجاريًا كأصباغ زجاجية في عام 1927، وهي لا تزال تستخدم كمواد مضافة في صناعة العدسات. غالباً ما يكون لون مركبات النيوديميوم - بسبب أيون Nd+3 أرجوانيًا ضارب إلى الحمرة ولكنه يتغير حسب نوع الإضاءة، ويستخدم النيوديميوم أيضا في أشعة الليزر التي تصدر الأشعة تحت الحمراء ذات الأطوال الموجية بين 1047 و 1062 نانومتر.
استخدام آخر مهم للنيوديميوم هو بمثابة مكون في السبائك المستخدمة لصنع مغناطيس النيوديميوم عالية القوة
وتستخدم هذه المغانط على نطاق واسع في منتجات مثل الميكروفونات، ومكبرات الصوت الاحترافية، وسماعات الأذن، والمحركات الكهربائية عالية الأداء من نوع DC ، والأقراص الصلبة في الكمبيوتر، حيث تتطلب كتلة مغناطيسية منخفضة (أو حجم) ومجالات مغناطيسية قوية. تستخدم مغناطيسات النيوديميوم الكبيرة في المحركات الكهربائية عالية القوة مقابل الوزن (في السيارات الهجينة)

الأكتشاف

أكتشف عنصر النيوديميوم العالم النمساوي كارل أوير فون عام 1885

أصل الأسم

أصل الاسم مشتق من الكلمة اليونانية neos didymos ومعناها التوأم الجديد

الخصائص الكيميائية

النيوديميوم عنصر موجب الشحنة تماما، ويتفاعل ببطء مع الماء البارد، ولكن بسرعة مع الماء الساخن لتشكيل هيدروكسيد النيوديميوم (الرابع):

 (2Nd(s) + 6 H2O (l) → 2 Nd(OH)3 (aq) + 3 H2 (g

يتفاعل معدن النيوديميوم بقوة مع الهالوجينات:

(2Nd(s) + 3 F2 (g) → 2 NdF3 (s [مادة بنفسجة]

(2Nd(s) + 3 Cl2 (g) → 2 NdCl3 (s [مادة بنفسجي فاتح]

 (2Nd(s) + 3 Br2 (g) → 2 NdBr3 (s [مادة بنفسجية]
 (2Nd(s) + 3 I2 (g) → 2 NdI3 (s[مادة خضراء]

التطبيقات

مغناطيس نيوديميوم
مغناطيس النيوديميوم (في الواقع سبيكة، Nd2Fe14B) هي من اقوى المغانط المعروفة. يمكن لمغناطيس النيوديميوم ببضع جرامات أن يرفع ألف مرة وزنه. هذه المغانط هي أرخص وأخف وزنا وأقوى من مغناطيس السمريوم الكوبالت التقليدي. ومع ذلك، فهي ليست متفوقة في كل جانب، حيث أن المغناطيسات القائمة على النيوديميوم تفقد مغناطيسيتها في درجات حرارة منخفضة وتميل إلى الصدأ، في حين لا تفعل مغنطيس السمريوم الكوبالت ذلك.
تظهر مغناطيسات النيوديميوم في منتجات مثل الميكروفونات، ومكبرات الصوت الاحترافية، وسماعات الأذن، والإيتار، والأقراص الصلبة في الكمبيوتر، حيث تتطلب حقولًا منخفضة الكتلة أو صغيرة الحجم ومغناطيسية قوية. ويتم استخدام النيوديميوم في المحطات الكهربائية للسيارات الهجين والكهربائية، على سبيل المثال، تتطلب المحركات الكهربائية تويوتا بريوس كيلوغرام واحد (2.2 رطل) من النيوديميوم لكل مركبة.

المراجع

تقنيات طاقة متجددة
تنمية الطاقة
عناصر كيميائية
لانثانيدات
مختزلات

نيوديميوم


En god klovn er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1989, der er instrueret af Prami Larsen og Lars Movin efter deres eget manuskript.

Handling
Et portræt af mennesket og filminstruktøren Erik Clausen. Filmen fortæller om udviklingen fra gøgler og folkelig ballademager til filmkunstner og historiefortæller. Blandt Clausens film lægges vægt på den selvbiografiske debut Cirkus Casablanca, den internationalt anerkendte Manden i Månen samt Rami og Julie.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1989

Portrætfilm fra Danmark
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

En god klovn


يشير مصطلح الشرعية، في العلوم السياسية، إلى حق وقبول السلطة،  ويشير عادةً إلى القانون الناظم أو النظام الحاكم. في حين أن «السلطة» تشير إلى موقف معين في الحكومة المشكّلة، ويشير مصطلح «المشروعية» إلى النظام الحكومي – بحيث تشير «الحكومة» إلى «منطقة النفوذ». يُنظر إلى السلطة التي تعتبر شرعية بأنها تملك الحق والمبرر في كثير من الأحيان لممارسة السلطة. تعتبر الشرعية السياسية شرطًا أساسيًا للحكم، والتي بدونها ستعاني الحكومة من جمود التشريعات والانهيار. في النظم السياسية، حيث لا يكون هذا هو الحال، تنجو الأنظمة غير الشعبية لأنها تُعتبر شرعية من قبل نخبة قليلة ذات تأثير. في الفلسفة السياسية الصينية، منذ الفترة التاريخية لسلالة زو الحاكمة (1046–256 قبل الميلاد)، استُمدت الشرعية السياسية للحاكم والحكومة من التفويض السماوي، وبالتالي إن خسر الحكام الظالمون التفويض المذكور يسقط حقهم في حكم الناس.

في الفلسفة الأخلاقية، غالباً ما يُفسر مصطلح «الشرعية» بشكل إيجابي على أنه الوضع المعياري الممنوح من قبل الشعب المحكوم للحكم على مؤسسات حكامهم ومكاتبهم وأفعالهم، التي تستند على الاعتقاد بأن تصرفات حكومتهم هي الاستخدامات المناسبة للسلطة من قِبل الحكومة المُشكلة قانونيًا.

في حقبة عصر التنوير قال الفيلسوف الاجتماعي البريطاني جون لوك (1632-1704) أن الشرعية السياسية مُستمدة من الموافقة الشعبية الصريحة والضمنية للمحكوم: «والحجة التي وضعتها المعاهدات المبرمة الثانية هي أن الحكومة ليست شرعية ما لم تُنفذ بموافقة المحكومين.». قال الفيلسوف السياسي الألماني دولف ستيرنبرغر «أن الشرعية هي أساس هذه السلطة الحكومية التي تُمارس، ومع إدراك من جانب الحكومة بأن لها الحق في الحكم، ومع اعتراف المحكومين بهذا الحق». قال عالم الاجتماع السياسي الأمريكي سيمور مارتن ليبست إن الشرعية «تتضمن أيضًا قدرة النظام السياسي على التوليد والحفاظ على الاعتقاد بأن المؤسسات السياسية القائمة هي الأكثر ملائمةً والأنسب للمجتمع». وضح العالم السياسي الأمريكي روبير دال الشرعية بأنها كالخزان: طالما بقي الماء في مستوى معين، يُحافظ على الاستقرار السياسي، وإن انخفض عن المستوى المطلوب، تتعرض الشرعية السياسية للخطر.

الأنواع

الشرعية هي «قيمة بحيث يُعترف بموجبها بشيء أو شخص، ويُقبل على أنه صحيح وسليم» في العلوم السياسية، تُفهم الشرعية عادة على أنها القبول والاعتراف الشعبي من جانب السلطة العامة لنظام الحكم، بحيث تتمتع السلطة بالقوة السياسية من خلال الموافقة والتفاهم المتبادل، وليس بالإكراه. إن الأنواع الثلاث  للشرعية السياسية التي وصفها عالم الاجتماع الألماني ماكس فيبر هي التقليدية والكاريزمية والعَقلانِيّة القانونية:

 تُستمد الشرعية التقليدية من العادات والتقاليد المجتمعية التي تؤكد على تاريخ سلطة التقاليد. يفهم التقليديون هذا النوع من الحكم على أنه مقبول تاريخيًا، ومن هنا يستمر، لأن هذا ما كان عليه المجتمع دائمًا. ولذلك، عادةً ما تكون المؤسسات الحكومية التقليدية مستمرة تاريخيًا، كما هو الحال في الملكية والقبلية.
 تُستمد الشرعية الكاريزمية من الأفكار والكاريزما الشخصية للزعيم، وهو شخص ذو شخصية رسمية يفتن ويسيطر نفسيًا على الناس في المجتمع للاتفاق مع نظام الحكومة والحكم. تشدد الحكومة الكاريزمية عادة على المؤسسات السياسية والإدارية الضعيفة، لأنها تستمد السلطة من شخصية القائد، وعادة ما تختفي دون وجود زعيم في السلطة. ومع ذلك، إن كان للزعيم الكاريزمي خليفٌ، فإن الحكومة المستمدة من الشرعية الكاريزمية من الممكن أن تستمر.
 تُستمد الشرعية العَقلانِيّة القانونية من نظام الإجراءات المؤسسية، حيث تؤسس المؤسسات الحكومية وتنفذ القانون والنظام بما يحقق المصلحة العامة. لذلك، من خلال الثقة العامة، ستلتزم الحكومة بالقانون الذي يمنح الشرعية العَقلانِيّة القانونية.

المراجع

نفوذ
سيادة
مفاهيم سياسية
ثقافة سياسية
مفاهيم اجتماعية
مصطلحات علوم سياسية

شرعية سياسية


Grakan Tert (, littéralement « Journal littéraire ») est un hebdomadaire social, politique, littéraire et artistique arménien. Publié depuis 1932 à Erevan, c'est l'organe du conseil d'administration de l'Union des écrivains d'Arménie.

Histoire
Avant la création de l'Union des écrivains soviétiques d'Arménie en 1934, le Journal littéraire était l'organe de la Fédération des écrivains soviétiques d'Arménie, puis celui de l'Union des écrivains, musiciens et artistes soviétiques d'Arménie. Il couvre les œuvres créatives, théoriques et critiques de la littérature soviéto-arménienne, lutte pour le renforcement des principes de la littérature, de la partisanerie, des relations internationales des peuples et des principes du réalisme socialiste.

Collaborateurs
Des écrivains et critiques littéraires arméno-soviétiques réputés comme Yéghiché Tcharents, Avetik Issahakian, Alexander Shirvanzade, Dérenik Demirdjian, Vahram Alazan, Stepan Zoryan, Nairi Zarian, Parouir Sévak se sont unis et ont activement travaillé autour du Journal littéraire dans différentes régions de publication.

Liens externes

 Site officiel

Pages avec des traductions non relues
Presse écrite hebdomadaire
Presse écrite en Arménie
Presse écrite en arménien
Revue littéraire
Titre de presse créé en 1932

Grakan Tert


30722 Biblioran este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
30722 Biblioran este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul de Astrofizică din Crimeea de Nikolai Cernîh. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,72 ua, o excentricitate de 0,33 și o înclinație de 11,2° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 30001-31000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1978
Centura de asteroizi

30722 Biblioran


قائمة ببطولات ويمبلدون لسنة 1931:

فردي رجال

 سيدني وود هزم  فرانك شايلدز . النتيجة: فاز/خسر

فردي سيدات

 سيلي أوسيم هزمت  هايلد كروانكل سبيرلنغ. النتيجة: 6-2, 7-5

مراجع

بطولة ويمبلدون 1931
أحداث 1931 الرياضية في لندن
أحداث يوليو 1931 الرياضية
أحداث يونيو 1931 الرياضية
كرة المضرب في 1931

بطولة ويمبلدون 1931


الدرقة المُلْتَحِيَة نبات يتبع الفصيلة الشفوية واسمه العلمي  و.

يستخدم هذا النبات في الطب الصيني. أُستخرجت منه مادة مضاده للأكسدة تدعم الاستموات للخلايا السرطانية. كما أنه مفيد لحالات الأرق. وهم يساعد على تخفيف القلق، الاكتئاب ويزيل التوتر النفسي. ومن مميزاته أيضا أنه يحسن الدورة الدموية ومقوي لعضلة القلب.

معرض صور

وصلات خارجية
 http://www.itmonline.org/arts/pcspes.htm..... The whole plant of a related herb, Scutellaria barbata (banzhilian) is frequently used as an anticancer plant, but usually only in heavy doses of 30-60 grams per day.

مصادر

سكوتياريا
نباتات آسيا
نباتات طبية
نباتات مستخدمة في الطب الصيني التقليدي

درقة ملتحية


Bélaya Kalitvá () es una ciudad del óblast de Rostov del sur de Rusia. Está ubicada en la zona central del óblast, al este de las estribaciones de la cordillera de Donets, en la orilla izquierda del Río Donets, en su confluencia con los ríos Kalitvá y Lijaya, a 131 kilómetros al noreste de Rostov del Don (168 km por carretera). Su población era de 40.831 habitantes en 2017.

Es centro administrativo del raión de Bélaya Kalitvá y del municipio urbano Belokalitvínskoye, al que pertenecen asimismo Borodinov, Diadin y Potselúyev.

Historia

Prehistoria

La localidad se halla junto a la intersección de cuatro ríos caudalosos, por lo que la región fue poblada desde tiempos antiguos. Se han hallado restos que se remontan a hace 4000 años (II milenio a. C. Éstos pertenecen a la cultura de Srubna de la Edad de Bronce. Asimismo, en la década de 1980 se hallaron restos de la misma época pertenecientes a enterramientos de la cultura de las catacumbas, de la misma época.

Edad Media

Según los investigadores, la batalla entre los rusos y los polovtsí de 1185, registrada en el Cantar de las Huestes de Igor, se desarrolló entre los ríos Kalitvá y Bystraya (desemboca en el Séverski Donets algo al sur de Bélaya Kalitvá). Según el historiador V. A. Afonasiev el ejército de Ígor Sviatoslávich descendió por el actual Donbass y la orilla izquierda del Donets. Para él, el río Kayala (Каяла) nombrado en la epopeya, sería el Bystraya, sin embargo, para el también historiador V. I. Streletski, el río Kayala sería el Kalitvá.

Antes de la Revolución

La primera localidad cosaca en el emplazamiento de Bélaya Kalitvá fue fundada en 1703, por decreto del zar Pedro I, como se recoge en una carta enviada a la hueste de cosacos "permitidos" y dirigida a Sisia Yermoláyev, Mijaíl Nikitin y Yemelián Dorogalni, que habían enviado al zar una "súplica" (chelobítnaya) para instalar una stanitsa en el río Bélaya Kalitvá. 1703 se considera la fecha oficial de fundación de la stanitsa Ust-Belokalitvénskaya. La localidad estaba dividida en cuatro partes: Maidán, Nizovka, Bugor y Zayarovka. En 1900 fue conectada a la red de ferrocarril, y junto a la estación, se desarrolló el barrio de Forshtadt. La historia anterior a la Revolución rusa de 1917 estuvo vinculada a los cosacos del Don. Tras ella y la implementación del poder soviético en 1918, el 3er y 5º Ejércitos Rojos ucranianos de Kliment Voroshílov estuvieron instalados en la stanitsa. Durante la Guerra Civil Rusa, tras la insurrección de los cosacos en Vioshenskaya, el 10 (23) de febrero de 1919, Ust-Belokalitvénskaya decidió sumarse a la misma contra el ejército soviético.

Gran Guerra Patria y posguerra

En 1937, con la creación del óblast de Rostov, Bélaya Kalitvá se convirtió en centro del raión de Bélaya Kalitvá del óblast. Con el desarrollo de la industria en la primera mitad del siglo XX, la stanitsa Ust-Belokalitvinskaya, se convirtió en una localidad industrial, y, en 1941, por ukaz del Soviet Supremo de la RSFS de Rusia recibió el estatus de asentamiento de trabajo y fue rebautizada como Bélaya Kalitvá. Durante la Gran Guerra Patria, la localidad fue ocupada por la Wehrmacht de la Alemania Nazi el 20 de julio de 1942. Fue liberada, dentro del contexto de las operaciones de la liberación de Stalingrado por el Escuadrón de Caballería de la Guardia de la División de Caballería Bashkiria, comandada por Annaklych Atáyev, el 19 de enero de 1943, con gran coste de vidas. En homenaje a los caídos, se construyó un memorial con los nombres de más de mil habitantes de la localidad que perdieron la vida en la guerra y una llama de fuego eterno (Colina de la Inmortalidad, Высотой Бессмертия). Atáyev, que murió en estas operaciones, recibió de manera póstuma el título de Héroe de la Unión Soviética, y una de las localidades del raión fue nombrada en su honor. Tras la guerra, se rehízo rápidamente la minería hullera, y se reanudó la construcción de una gran planta metalúrgica. En 1958 le fue concedido el estatus de ciudad.

Accidente de tren de Bélaya Kalitvá

El 9 de mayo de 2013, a la 1:40 h, en la vía principal de la estación de Bélaya Kalitvá, el tren de mercancía nº 2035, con las locomotoras ZTE116 nº 1594/1179 de la empresa Lokomotívnoye depo Maksim Gorki (con sede en Volgogrado), que transportaba mercancías inflamables (materiales químicos como refinados de petróleo), se incendió y explotó, dejando 52 heridos, de los cuales 18 tuvieron que ser hospitalizados.

Población

Economía

La principal empresa de la ciudad es la Asociación de Producción Metalúrgica de Bélaya Kalitvá (БКМПО, construida en 1941, desde 2005, filial rusa de Alcoa). Esta fábrica, en 1969 fue la primera en implantar la fundición de lingotes en cristalizador electromagnético (patente en 17 países), siendo nominados los especialistas para el Premio Estatal de la Unión Soviética. La fábrica participó en la fabricación del avión Ruslán y del transbordador Burán. Otras empresas de la región fabrican aleaciones de aluminio y productos acabados del mismo y labores de forja. En la localidad se halla una de las principales minas de carbón del Donbass. Otras fábricas producen productos textiles, cartón ondulado, productos textiles, ladrillos de silicatos, materiales para el asfaltado de carreteras, harina, pastelería y pastas alimenticias, maquinaria agrícola y alimentos procesados (leche, carne, etc.).

Transporte

En la localidad hay una estación de ferrocarril (Bélaya Kalitvá) en la línea Lijaya-Morózovskaya.

Por la localidad pasa la carretera A260 (antigua M21). El transporte por autobús interurbano se realiza desde la estación de autobuses de Donautovokzal. El transporte urbano es llevabo a cabo por autobuses más pequeños (ПАЗ) y taxis con itinerario (marshrutka, empresa ГАЗель). Desde Bélaya Kalitvá parten autobuses que cubren el transporte de todas las localidades del raión.

Sanidad

En Bélaya Kalitvá se halla el Hospital Central del Raión de Bélaya Kalitvá, situado en la calle Rosískaya, 5. Tiene espacio para 591 pacientes.

Educación

Bélaya Kalitvá cuenta con siete Escuelas de Enseñanza Media Establecimiento de Presupuesto Municipal de Enseñanza General -МБОУ СОШ, MBOU SOSH-, las n.º1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 y 17 y una de Enseñanza Primaria (n.º1). En la localidad hay once jardines de infancia (n.º1 Topolek, n.º3 Krásnaya shaposhka, n.º6 Skazka, n.º7 Solnyshko, n.º8 Cheburashka, nº16 Zolotaya rybka, nº41 Tsvetik-Semitsvetik, nº42 Diuimovochka, nº43 Kolobok, nº46 Alenushka, nº56 Ulybka  Asimismo se halla en la localidad la Escuela Estatal del Cuerpo de Cadetes Cosacos Matvéi Plátov, que en 2006 fue ampliada con una sección femenina, el Gimnasio Marinski. Para educación adicional existe una escuela infantil, dos escuelas de deportes de infancia y juventud y una escuela técnica infantil. Para la educación profesional se hallan en la localidad la Escuela Técnica Estatal de Humanidades e Industria de Bélaya Kalitvá y el Instituto Técnico Multiprofesional de Bélaya Kalitvá.

Cultura

En la localidad se hallan los siguientes establecimientos culturales: el Palacio de Cultura de Bélaya Kalitvá Valeri Chkálov, el Sistema de Clubes de Bélaya Kalitvá, la Biblioteca Central Intermunicipal del Raión de Bélaya Kalitvá, el Museo de Historia de la Región de Bélaya Kalitvá (fundado en 1996, con sede en un edificio de 1886) y la Escuela Infantil de Bellas Artes de Bélaya Kalitvá.

Deporte

En Bélaya Kalitvá se halla la Escuela Especializada de la Reserva Olímpica nº25" de Bélaya Kalitvá, en la que se practica remo, piragüismo, atletismo, natación, judo, fútbol, gimnasia rítmica y escalada. A disposición de la escuela se halla el Palacio de Deportes, donde se disputaron las Competiciones de Toda Rusia Héroe de la Unión Soviética Borís Ivánovich Bykov.

El equipo de fútbol más importante de la localidad es el Kalitvá.

Lugares de interés

En 1970, sobre la colina Karagul se erigió un monumento, único en Rusia, al Cantar de las Huestes de Igor.  En la localidad hay varios monumentos de significado regional: un molino, el edificio del gimnasio cosaco, el Banco del Comerciante Sevriugov y su Casa, la Casa del Comerciante Siuchmezov, la Avenida de los Héroes de la Unión Soviética, los Héroes del Trabajo Socialista y los Soldados Internacionalistas, el Edificio de Dirección del Atamán, el Monumento a Lenin en la plaza del Teatro y el Monumento a la Gloria Eterna del Héroe, sobre la fosa común de soldados caídos en la liberación de la localidad en enero de 1943 (10 metros de altura -pedestal de 7 m y, sobre él, estatua de un soldado).

Dos kilómetros al norte de la localidad se puede ver el Bosque de Pinos de Bélaya Kalitvá, plantado por los cosacos en 1903 para estabilizar el terreno y proteger de la erosión. La superficie total es de alrededor de 40 ha, aunque en la actualidad se halla en malas condiciones.

Religión

En la localidad se halla la Iglesia de la Presentación en el Templo de la Madre de Dios (calle Bolshaya, 2), originalmente construida en madera en la década de 1780 y reconstruida en piedra en 1896-1905. En la década de 1930 fue cerrada, retiradas las cruces, cúpulas, campanario e iconostasio. El templo se abrió al culto en los años de la Gran Guerra Patria, pero sería cerrada de nuevo en 1961 para instalar en ella una Casa de Pioneros. En 1988 fue devuelto a la Iglesia ortodoxa rusa, que inició su restauración.

Otra de las iglesias de la localidad es la Iglesia del Icono de la Madre de Dios Derzhávnaya ("Soberana", calle Standartstroi, 18), construida entre 2004 y 2007.

Nacidos en Bélaya Kalitvá

Román Petrov (1919-1944), Héroe de la Unión Soviética.
Aleksandr Siuchmezov (1911-1986), escritor, redactor jefe de la revista "Don".
Aleksandr Kovaliov (*1975), piragüista ruso.
Román Zarubin (*1976), piragüista ruso.
Román Adámov (*1982), futbolista ruso.
Mijaíl Tamonov (*1992), piragüista ruso.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Este artículo es una traducción de su correspondiente en la Wikipedia en ruso, Белая Калитва.
Información sobre la localidad
Bosque de Bélaya Kalitvá
Mapas topográficos
Historia del escudo de Bélaya Kalitvá
Portal de información sobre la ciudad
Ust-Kalitvianskaya en el Diccionario Enciclopédico Brockhaus y Efron. San Petersburgo: 1890-1907

Localidades del raión de Bélaya Kalitvá del óblast de Rostov
Localidades establecidas en 1703

Bélaya Kalitvá


Das Dameneinzel der French Open 1977 war ein Tenniswettbewerb in Paris.

Titelverteidigerin war Sue Barker. Das Finale bestritten Mima Jaušovec und Florența Mihai, das Jaušovec in drei Sätzen gewann.

Setzliste

Hauptrunde

Halbfinale, Finale

Obere Hälfte

Obere Hälfte 1

Obere Hälfte 2

Untere Hälfte

Untere Hälfte 1

Untere Hälfte 2

Weblinks

Dameneinzel
1977

French Open 1977/Dameneinzel


Prins Vilhelm, Hertug af Cumberland () (26. april 1721 – 31. oktober 1765) var en britisk prins og hertug af Cumberland. Han var den tredje og yngste søn af Kong Georg 2. af Storbritannien i hans ægteskab med Caroline af Ansbach.

Han er bedst kendt for den rolle, han spillede i at slå det jakobittiske oprør ned i Slaget ved Culloden i 1746, hvor Jakob 2. af Englands sønnesøn Bonnie Prince Charles blev slået og herefter jagtet i fire måneder over hele det skotske højland, inden det lykkedes ham at komme tilbage til Frankrig.

Huset Hannover
Prinser fra Storbritannien
Hertuger af Cumberland
Personer fra London

Vilhelm af Storbritannien (1721-1765)