Robert Tyre Jones Jr. (March 17, 1902 – December 18, 1971) was an American amateur golfer who was one of the most influential figures in the history of the sport; he was also a lawyer by profession. Jones founded and helped design the Augusta National Golf Club, and co-founded the Masters Tournament. The innovations that he introduced at the Masters have been copied by virtually every professional golf tournament in the world.

Jones was the most successful amateur golfer ever to compete at a national and international level. During his peak from 1923 to 1930, he dominated top-level amateur competition, and competed very successfully against the world's best professional golfers. Jones often beat stars such as Walter Hagen and Gene Sarazen, the era's top pros. Jones earned his living mainly as a lawyer, and competed in golf only as an amateur, primarily on a part-time basis, and chose to retire from competition at age 28, though he earned significant money from golf after that, as an instructor and equipment designer.

Explaining his decision to retire, Jones said, "It [championship golf] is something like a cage. First you are expected to get into it and then you are expected to stay there. But of course, nobody can stay there." Jones is most famous for his unique "Grand Slam," consisting of his victory in all four major golf tournaments of his era (the open and amateur championships in both the U.S. & the U.K.) in a single calendar year (1930). In all Jones played in 31 majors, winning 13 and placing among the top ten finishers 27 times.

After retiring from competitive golf in 1930, Jones founded and helped design the Augusta National Golf Club soon afterwards in 1933. He also co-founded the Masters Tournament, which has been annually staged by the club since 1934 (except for 1943–45, when it was canceled due to World War II). The Masters evolved into one of golf's four major championships. Jones came out of retirement in 1934 to play in the Masters on an exhibition basis through 1948. Jones played his last round of golf at East Lake Golf Club, his home course in Atlanta, on August 18, 1948. A picture commemorating the event now sits in the clubhouse at East Lake. Citing health reasons, he quit golf permanently thereafter.

Bobby Jones was often confused with the prolific golf course designer, Robert Trent Jones, with whom he worked from time to time. "People always used to get them confused, so when they met, they decided each be called something different," Robert Trent Jones Jr. said. To help avoid confusion, the golfer was called "Bobby," and the golf course designer was called "Trent."

Early life

Jones was born on March 17, 1902, in Atlanta, Georgia. He battled health issues as a young boy, and golf was prescribed to strengthen him. Encouraged by his father, "Colonel" Robert Purmedus Jones, an Atlanta lawyer, Jones loved golf from the start. He developed quickly into a child prodigy who won his first children's tournament at the age of six at his home course at East Lake Golf Club.  In 1916, Jones won his first major golf event when he claimed the inaugural Georgia Amateur Championship conducted by the Georgia State Golf Association at the Capital City Club, in Brookhaven, at age 14. His victory at this event put him in the national spotlight for the first time. The Georgia Amateur win caught the eye of the United States Golf Association which awarded Jones his first invitation to the U.S. Amateur at Merion near Philadelphia. Jones advanced to the quarterfinals in his first playing in the event.

He was influenced by club professional Stewart Maiden, a native of Carnoustie, Scotland. Maiden was the professional at the Atlanta Athletic Club's East Lake Golf Club, who also trained Alexa Stirling, the three-time winner of the U.S. Women's Amateur, who was five years older than Jones but also a prodigy at East Lake. Jones also received golf lessons from Willie Ogg when he was in his teenage years. Jones played frequently with his father, a skilled golfer himself. The younger Jones sometimes battled his own temper on the course, but later controlled his emotions as he became more experienced. Jones toured the U.S. during World War I from 1917 to 1918, playing exhibition matches before large crowds, often with Alexa Stirling and Perry Adair, to generate income for war relief. Playing in front of such crowds in these matches helped him, as he moved into national competition a bit later on.

Jones successfully represented the United States for the first time, in two winning international amateur team matches against Canada, in 1919 and 1920, earning three of a possible four points in foursomes and singles play. In 1919 he traveled to Hamilton Golf and Country Club, for his first serious competitive action outside the U.S., while in 1920, Engineers Country Club, in Roslyn, Long Island, hosted the matches. Still a teenager, he was by far the youngest player in the series. Jones also played in the 1919 Canadian Open while in Hamilton, Ontario, performing very well to place tied for second, but 16 shots behind winner J. Douglas Edgar. Edgar had immigrated from England in 1919 to take a club professional's job in Atlanta at Druid Hills Golf Club; Edgar mentored and played frequently with Jones from 1919 to 1921. Edgar was credited by Jones with helping develop his game significantly.

Jones qualified for his first U.S. Open at age 18 in 1920, and was paired with the legendary Harry Vardon for the first two rounds. He won the Southern Amateur three times: 1917, 1920, and 1922. Jones earned his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Georgia Tech in 1922 and played for the varsity golf team, lettering all four years. Jones was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, and the Georgia Phi chapter house at Georgia Tech is named in his honor. He then earned an A.B. in English Literature from Harvard College in 1924, where he was a member of the Owl Club. In 1926 he entered Emory University School of Law and became a member of Phi Delta Phi. After only three semesters he passed the Georgia bar exam and subsequently joined his father's law firm, Jones, Evins, Moore and Howell, (predecessor to Alston & Bird), in Atlanta, Georgia.

Golf

First majors

As an adult, he hit his stride and won his first U.S. Open in 1923. From that win at New York's Inwood Country Club, through his 1930 victory in the U.S. Amateur, he won 13 major championships (as they were counted at the time) in 21 attempts. Jones was the first player to win "The Double", both the U.S. and British Open Championships in the same year (1926). He was the second (and last) to win the U.S. Open and U.S. Amateur in the same year (1930), first accomplished in 1916 by Chick Evans.

1930: Grand Slam
Jones is the only player ever to have won the (pre-Masters) Grand Slam, or all four major championships, in the same calendar year (1930). Jones's path to the 1930 Grand Slam title was:

The Amateur Championship, Old Course at St Andrews, Scotland (May 31, 1930)
The Open Championship, Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake, England (June 20, 1930)
U.S. Open, Interlachen Country Club, Minnesota (July 12, 1930)
U.S. Amateur, Merion Golf Club, Pennsylvania (September 27, 1930)

Jones made a bet on himself achieving this feat with British bookmakers early in 1930, before the first tournament of the Slam, at odds of 50–1, and collected over $60,000 when he did it.

Walker Cup
Jones represented the United States in the Walker Cup five times, winning nine of his 10 matches, and the U.S. won the trophy all five times. He served as playing captain of the U.S. team in 1928 and 1930. He also won two other tournaments against professionals: the 1927 Southern Open and the 1930 Southeastern Open. Jones was a lifelong member of the Atlanta Athletic Club (at the club's original site, now the East Lake Golf Club), and the Capital City Club in Atlanta.

Sportsmanship
In the first round of the 1925 U.S. Open at the Worcester Country Club near Boston, his approach shot to the 11th hole's elevated green fell short into the deep rough of the embankment. As he took his stance to pitch onto the green, the head of his club brushed the grass and caused a slight movement of the ball. He took the shot, then informed his playing partner Walter Hagen and the USGA official covering their match that he was calling a penalty on himself. Hagen was unable to talk him out of it, and they continued play.  After the round and before he signed his scorecard, officials argued with Jones but he insisted that he had violated Rule 18, moving a ball at rest after address, and took a 77 instead of the 76 he otherwise would have carded. Jones's self-imposed one-stroke penalty eventually cost him the win by a stroke in regulation, necessitating a playoff, which he then lost. Although praised by many sports writers for his gesture, Jones was reported to have said, "You might as well praise me for not robbing banks."

A similar event occurred in the next U.S. Open, played at the Scioto Country Club in Columbus, Ohio. In the second round, after his opening round put him in second place, Jones was putting on the 15th green in the face of a strong wind.  After grounding his putter during address to square up the club face, the ball rolled a half turn in the wind when Jones lifted the club head to place it behind the ball.  Although no one else observed this movement of the ball either, again Jones called a penalty on himself, but this time Jones went on to win the tournament, the second of his four U.S. Open victories.

St Andrews, Scotland
Jones had a unique relationship with the town of St Andrews. On his first appearance on the Old Course in The Open Championship of 1921, he withdrew after 11 holes in the third round, when he failed to complete the hole (in effect disqualifying himself), and tore up his scorecard, although he finished the round and indeed played the fourth round as well. He firmly stated his dislike for The Old Course and the town reciprocated, saying in the press, "Master Bobby is just a boy, and an ordinary boy at that." Later, he came to love the Old Course and the town like few others. When he won the Open at the Old Course in 1927, he wowed the crowd by asking that the trophy remain with his friends at the Royal and Ancient Golf Club rather than return with him to Atlanta. He won the British Amateur over The Old Course in 1930, and scored a double eagle 2 on the fourth hole (then a par-5, now a par-4), by holing a very long shot from a fairway bunker. In 1958, he was named a Freeman of the City of St Andrews, becoming only the second American to be so honored, the other being Benjamin Franklin in 1759. As Jones departed Younger Hall with his honor, the assembly spontaneously serenaded him off to the traditional tune of Will Ye No Come Back Again? in a famously moving tribute. Today, a scholarship exchange bearing the Jones name exists between the University of St Andrews and Emory University, Queen's University, The University of Western Ontario and the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta. At Emory, four students are sent to St Andrews for an all-expenses-paid year of study and travel. In return, Emory accepts four students from St Andrews each year. The program, the Robert T. Jones Scholarship, is among the most unusual scholarships offered by any university.

Turned professional
In September 1930, a month and a half after his final U.S. Amateur victory, Jones turned professional. Though he did not intend to earn money from playing golf in pro tournaments, Jones intended to make money from instructional films and books. According to USGA rules, only professionals were allowed to make money from golf in any form. In addition, Jones worked with J Victor East, an Australian of A.G. Spalding & Co., to develop the first set of matched steel-shafted clubs; the clubs sold very well and into the 1970s were still considered among the best-designed sets ever made.

Masters Tournament
Jones played in the first dozen Masters, through 1948, but only in the first as a contender. By then, his health at age 46 had declined to the stage where this was no longer possible. With his health difficulties, being past his prime, and not competing elsewhere to stay in tournament form, he never truly contended at the Masters, although his scores were usually respectable. These were almost all ceremonial performances, since his main duty was as host of the event. His extraordinary popularity, efforts with the course design, and tournament organization boosted the profile of the Masters significantly. The tournament, jointly run by Jones and Clifford Roberts, made many important innovations that became the norm elsewhere, such as gallery ropes to control the flow of the large crowds, many scoreboards around the course, the use of red / green numbers on those scoreboards to denote under / over par scores, an international field of top players, high-caliber television coverage, and week-long admission passes for patrons, which became extremely hard to obtain. The tournament also sought and welcomed feedback from players, fans, and writers, leading to continual improvement over the years. The Masters gradually evolved to being one of the most respected tournaments in the world, one of the four major championships.

Augusta National Golf Club
Following his retirement from competitive golf in 1930, and even in the years leading up to that, Jones had become one of the most famous sports figures in the world, and was recognized virtually everywhere he went in public. While certainly appreciative of the enormous adulation and media coverage, this massive attention caused Jones to lose personal privacy in golf circles, and he wished to create a private golf club where he and his friends could play golf in peace and quiet. For several years, he searched for a property near Atlanta where he could develop his own golf club. His friend Clifford Roberts, a New York City investment dealer, knowing of Jones's desire, became aware of a promising property for sale in Augusta, Georgia, where Jones's mother-in-law had grown up, and informed Jones about it. Jones first visited Fruitlands, an Augusta arboretum and indigo plantation since the Civil War era, in the spring of 1930, and he purchased it for $70,000 in 1931, with the plan to design a golf course on the site.

Jones co-designed the Augusta National course with Alister MacKenzie. The new club opened in early 1933 with the purpose of hosting golf tournaments. Jones had hoped the U.S Open could be played at Augusta, but the course conditions were not suitable in the summer when the Open was played. Grantland Rice, editor of American Golfer, made the suggestion to hold a tournament for sports writers who were returning home after attending spring training in Florida. The tournament was held in March 1934. The new tournament, originally known as the Augusta National Invitational, was an immediate success, and attracted most of the world's top players right from its start. Jones came out of retirement to play, essentially on an exhibition basis, and his presence guaranteed enormous media attention, boosting the new tournament's fame. In 1939, the tournament was renamed The Masters. The Masters, one of the most well known golf tournaments, is part of the modern Grand Slam.

Later, in 1947, he founded Peachtree Golf Club in Atlanta and co-designed the course with Robert Trent Jones.

Tournament wins (34)

1908 East Lake Children's Tournament
1911 Junior Championship Cup of the Atlanta Athletic Club
1915 Invitation Tournament at Roebuck Springs, Birmingham Country Club Invitation, Davis & Freeman Cup at East Lake, East Lake Club Championship, Druid Hills Club Championship
1916 Georgia Amateur, Birmingham Country Club Invitation, Cherokee Club Invitation, East Lake Invitational
1917 Southern Amateur
1919 Yates-Gode Tournament
1920 Davis & Freeman Cup at East Lake, Southern Amateur, Morris County Invitational
1922 Southern Amateur
1923 U.S. Open
1924 U.S. Amateur
1925 U.S. Amateur
1926 The Open Championship, U.S. Open
1927 Southern Open, The Open Championship, U.S. Amateur
1928 Warren K. Wood Memorial, U.S. Amateur
1929 U.S. Open
1930 Southeastern Open, Golf Illustrated Gold Vase, The Amateur Championship, The Open Championship, U.S. Open, U.S. Amateur

Open and amateur-only majors shown in bold.

Major championships

Wins (13)

The Opens (7)

1 Defeated Bobby Cruickshank in an 18-hole playoff: Jones 76 (+4), Cruickshank 78 (+6).
2 Defeated Al Espinosa in a 36-hole playoff: Jones 72–69=141 (−3), Espinosa 84–80=164 (+20).

The Amateurs (6)

National Amateur championships were counted as majors at the time. Jones' actual major total using the standard in place in his lifetime was 13.

U.S. national team appearances: amateur
Walker Cup: 1922 (winners), 1924 (winners), 1926 (winners), 1928 (winners, playing captain), 1930 (winners, playing captain)

Results timeline
The majors of Jones' time (those for which as an amateur he was eligible) were the U.S. and British Opens and Amateurs.

Jones retired after his Grand Slam in 1930, playing only his own tournament, The Masters. As an amateur golfer, he was not eligible to compete in the PGA Championship.

M = Medalist
LA = Low amateur
NT = No tournament
WD = Withdrew
R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which Jones lost in amateur match play
"T" indicates a tie for a place

Sources for U.S. Open and U.S. Amateur, British Open, 1921 British Amateur, 1926 British Amateur, 1930 British Amateur, and The Masters.

Summary

Most consecutive cuts made – 21 (1916 U.S. Amateur – 1930 U.S. Amateur)
Longest streak of top-10s – 14 (1921 U.S. Open – 1926 U.S. Amateur)

Other records
Jones's four titles in the U.S. Open remain tied for the most ever in that championship, along with Willie Anderson, Ben Hogan, and Jack Nicklaus. His four-second-place finishes in the U.S. Open place him second all-time with Sam Snead and Nicklaus. Phil Mickelson holds the record with six (1999, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2013) second-place finishes. His five titles in the U.S. Amateur are a record. Jones was ranked as the fourth greatest golfer of all time by Golf Digest magazine in 2000. Nicklaus was first, Hogan second, and Snead third. Jones was ranked as the third greatest golfer of all time in a major survey published by Golf Magazine, September 2009. Nicklaus was ranked first, with Tiger Woods second, Hogan fourth, and Snead fifth.

Films

Jones appeared in a series of short instructional films produced by Warner Brothers in 1931 titled How I Play Golf, by Bobby Jones (12 films) and in 1933 titled How to Break 90 (six films). The shorts were designed to be shown in theaters alongside feature films, whereby "would-be golfers of the country can have the Jones' instruction for the price of a theater ticket." Jones indicated at the time of the making of the 1931 series that the films would be "designed as instructive" but not "so complicated that a non-golfer can't understand them."

The films were popular, and Jones gave up his amateur status while earning lucrative contract money for this venture. These films were put into storage and were unavailable for decades, but a surviving print was located sixty years later and put into video format for preservation by Ely Callaway, a distant cousin of Jones's. All 18 shorts were subsequently preserved and released in a DVD collection by Warner Archive on November 6, 2012. They also air occasionally on Turner Classic Movies, usually in the space between features.

Actors and actresses, mostly under contract with Warner Brothers, but also from other studios, volunteered to appear in these 18 episodes. Some of the more well-known actors to appear in the instructional plots included James Cagney, Joe E. Brown, Edward G. Robinson, W.C. Fields, Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., Richard Barthelmess, Richard Arlen, Guy Kibbee, Warner Oland and Loretta Young. Various scenarios involving the actors were used to provide an opportunity for Jones to convey a lesson about a particular part of the game. The shorts were directed by the prolific George Marshall.

Title list of the shorts
How I Play Golf
The Putter (April 26, 1931, Film Daily review)
Chip Shots (April 26)
The Niblick (May 31)
The Mashie Niblick (June 5)
Medium Irons (July 5)
The Big Irons (July 12)
The Spoon (July 19)
The Brassie (August 1)
The Driver (August 30)
Trouble Shots (September 13)
Practice Shots (September 27)
A Round of Golf (September 4)

How To Break 90
The Grip (April 17, 1933)
Position and Backswing (May 15)
Hip Action (May 20)
Down Swing (The Downswing) (May 29)
Impact (July 15)
Fine Points (August 5)

Jones was the subject of the quasi-biographical 2004 feature film Bobby Jones: A Stroke of Genius in which he was portrayed by Jim Caviezel. The Jones legend was also used to create a supporting character in The Legend of Bagger Vance in 2000, portrayed by Joel Gretsch, and the event where he called his own penalty is used for the fictional protagonist, Rannulph Junuh.

Books

Jones authored several books on golf including Down the Fairway with Oscar Bane "O.B." Keeler (1927), The Rights and Wrongs of Golf (1933), Golf Is My Game (1959), Bobby Jones on Golf (1966), and Bobby Jones on the Basic Golf Swing (1968) with illustrator Anthony Ravielli. The 300-copy limited edition of Down the Fairway is considered one of the rarest and most sought-after golf books by collectors. To keep this book readily available to golfers, Herbert Warren Wind included a reproduction of Down the Fairway in his Classics of Golf Library.

Jones has been the subject of several books, most notably The Bobby Jones Story and A Boy's Life of Bobby Jones, both by O.B. Keeler. Other notable texts are The Life and Times of Bobby Jones: Portrait of a Gentleman by Sidney L. Matthew, The Greatest Player Who Never Lived by J. Michael Veron, and Triumphant Journey: The Saga of Bobby Jones and the Grand Slam of Golf by Richard Miller. Published in 2006, The Grand Slam by Mark Frost has received much note as being evocative of Jones's life and times.

Honors
 Jones was on the cover of Time magazine on August 31, 1925.
 In 1930, he received the first James E. Sullivan Award, awarded annually by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) to the most outstanding amateur athlete in the United States.
 In 1981, the U.S. Postal Service issued an 18-cent stamp commemorating Jones.
 Jones is considered one of the five giants of the 1920s American sports scene, along with baseball's Babe Ruth, boxing's Jack Dempsey, football's Red Grange, and tennis player Bill Tilden.
 He is the only sports figure to receive two ticker-tape parades in New York City, the first in 1926 and the second in 1930.
 Jones is memorialized with a statue in Augusta, Georgia, at the Golf Gardens
 The Bobby Jones Expressway, also known as Interstate 520, is named after him.
 The Georgia Phi chapter house at Georgia Tech is named in his honor.
 Jones was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1974.
 A special room is dedicated to Jones's life and accomplishments at the United States Golf Association Museum and Arnold Palmer Center for Golf History in Far Hills, New Jersey.
 The USGA's sportsmanship award is named the Bob Jones Award in his honor.
 In 1966, the governing board and membership of Augusta National passed a resolution naming Jones President in Perpetuity.
 He was inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame in 1964.

Personal

Jones married Mary Rice Malone in 1924, whom he met in 1919 while a freshman at Georgia Tech. They had three children: Clara Malone, Robert Tyre III (1926–1973), and Mary Ellen (b. 1931).

When he retired from golf at age 28, he concentrated on his Atlanta law practice.

During World War II, Jones served as an officer in the U.S. Army Air Corps. His superiors wanted him to play exhibition golf in the United States, but Jones was insistent on serving overseas. In 1943 he was promoted to major and trained as an intelligence officer, serving in England with the 84th Fighter Wing, which was part of the Ninth Air Force. While in England, he made the acquaintance of General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Landing in Normandy on June 7, 1944, Jones spent two months with a front line division as a prisoner of war interrogator, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel. During the war, Jones permitted the U.S. Army to graze cattle on the grounds at Augusta National.

In 1948, Jones was diagnosed with syringomyelia, a fluid-filled cavity in the spinal cord that causes crippling pain, then paralysis; he was eventually restricted to a wheelchair. He died in Atlanta on December 18, 1971, three days after converting to Catholicism. Jones was baptized on his deathbed by Monsignor John D. Stapleton, rector of the Cathedral of Christ the King in Atlanta, and attended by the Jones family was buried in Atlanta's historic Oakland Cemetery.

His widow Mary died less than four years later in 1975 at age 72, following the death of their son, Robert T. Jones III, of a heart attack in 1973  at age 47.

Founded in 2013, Jones Global Sports designs, develops, and sells apparel, accessories and golf equipment. The company has an exclusive, worldwide license agreement with the family of Bobby Jones (known as Jonesheirs, Inc.) for the use of the Bobby Jones name.

In 2019 the family of Bobby Jones partnered with the Chiari & Syringomyelia Foundation to form the Bobby Jones Chiari & Syringomyelia Foundation (Bobby Jones CSF), a nonprofit which works to raise awareness of Chiari Malformation and syringomyelia and to search for a cure. The Bobby Jones Classic golf tournament is an annual fundraiser that supports research and education efforts.

See also

Bobby Jones Open
Career Grand Slam champions
List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins
List of men's major championships winning golfers
List of ticker-tape parades in New York City

References

External links
bobbyjones.com
Bobby Jones Receives Freedom Of St. Andrews (1958) (archive film from the National Library of Scotland: Scottish Screen Archive)
Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University: Bobby Jones collection, 1920–2002
Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University: Bobby Jones collection and research files, 1862–2015
Jones with Grand Slam Trophies
Bobby Jones Chiari & Syringomyelia Foundation
Bobby Jones Classic

American male golfers
Amateur golfers
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets men's golfers
Winners of men's major golf championships
Men's Career Grand Slam champion golfers
World Golf Hall of Fame inductees
Golf course architects
Golf writers and broadcasters
American instructional writers
Golfers from Atlanta
Georgia (U.S. state) lawyers
20th-century American lawyers
Military personnel from Georgia (U.S. state)
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
Marist School (Georgia) alumni
Georgia Tech alumni
Harvard College alumni
Emory University School of Law alumni
James E. Sullivan Award recipients
American Roman Catholics
Sigma Alpha Epsilon members
Neurological disease deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)
Burials at Oakland Cemetery (Atlanta)
1902 births
1971 deaths

Bobby Jones (golfer)


Povijesni muzej u Botevgradu otvorio je svoju prvu izložbu 1937. godine. Nalazi se u središtu Botevgrada u Bugarskoj.

Povijest

Muzejski rad na području Botevgrada ima duboke korijene i tradicije. Dva najranija istraživača Botevgradske povijesne prošlosti bili su svećenik Georgi Popdimitrov iz sela Skravena i dugogodišnji učitelj iz sela Trudovec, Georgi Popivanov.

Prva muzejska zbirka otvorena je za javnost 1937. godine od strane ravnatelja mjesne srednje škole Asena Stefanova. Godine 1950., već obogaćena i proširena, zbirka se premješta u lokalni kulturni centar "Hristo Botev 1884.", a dvije godine kasnije zbirka je proglašena državnim muzejom i opremljena zasebnom zgradom.

Dana, 24. svibnja 1959. muzej je otvoren svečanom ceremonijom. Godine 1970. otvorena je druga izložba muzeja. Godine 1985. muzej se proširuje umjetničkom zbirkom te se otvara galerija umjetnina. Od 1988. do 2010. godine muzej i galerija nalaze se u zasebnoj zgradi pored Tornja sa satom, simbola grada.

Dana 1. srpnja 2010. započinje rekonstrukcija zgrade Pravnoga suda u Botevgradu. Manje od godinu dana kasnije, 3. svibnja 2011. godine, zgrada je ponovno otvorena i od tada je domaćin Povijesnoga muzeja u Botevgradu.

Zbirka muzeja

Muzej nudi izložbene prostore, kao i konferencijsku dvoranu opremljenu za prezentacije, umjetničke izložbe, koncerte, rasprave, javna predavanja i proslave. Muzej razvija zbirku, provodi istraživanja, edukacije i popularizaciju muzejske građe, te sudjeluje u organizaciji događaja iz kulturnoga kalendara Općine Botevgrad.

Od 2018. godine, muzejska zbirka sadrži više od 15 tisuća originalnih jedinica, uključujući: dokumente, izvorne fotografije, osobne stvari, naoružanje, staru tiskanu književnost, numizmatičke i heraldičke artefakte i umjetnička djela. Raspoređeni su u tri odjela: arheologija, povijest bugarskih krajeva od 15. do 20. stoljeća, te umjetnost i povijest 20. stoljeća. Muzeja brine i o klaustarskoj školi u selu Boženica.

Izvori

Povijesni muzeji
Botevgrad
Bugarska kultura

Povijesni muzej u Botevgradu


Anca Muscholl (Bucareste, ) é uma matemática e cientista da computação romeno-alemã, conhecida por seu trabalho em verificação formal, verificação de modelos e lógica de duas variáveis. É pesquisadora do Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), professora da Universidade de Bordeaux e ex-membro júnior do Instituto Universitário da França.

Formação e carreira
Muscholl nasceu em Bucareste, indo para a Alemanha como refugiada adolescente em 1984, e ganhou o primeiro lugar em duas competições nacionais alemãs de matemática, o Bundeswettbewerb Mathematik em 1985 e 1986. Obteve um mestrado na Universidade Técnica de Munique, e completou um doutorado na Universidade de Stuttgart em 1994, com a tese Über die Erkennbarkeit unendlicher Spuren, orientada por Volker Diekert e publicada pela Teubner em 1996. Também obteve a habilitação na Universidade de Stuttgart in 1999.

Depois de se tornar professora na Universidade Paris VII em 1999, foi para a Universidade de Bordeaux em 2006.

Reconhecimento
Muscholl foi membro júnior do Instituto Universitário da França de 2007 a 2012. Ganhou a Medalha de Prata do CNRS em 2010.

Referências

Ligações externas
Página pessoal

Especialistas em lógica matemática
Professores da Universidade de Bordeaux
Matemáticos da Roménia
Matemáticas da Romênia
Cientistas da computação da Romênia
Mulheres cientistas da computação da Romênia
Matemáticos da Alemanha
Matemáticas da Alemanha
Cientistas da computação da Alemanha
Mulheres cientistas da computação da Alemanha
Alunos da Universidade Técnica de Munique
Alunos da Universidade de Stuttgart
Naturais de Bucareste
Pessoas vivas

Anca Muscholl


Walter Raleigh henviser til:

 Walter Raleigh (omtrent 1554-1618) – engelsk forfatter og opdagelsesrejsende
 Walter Raleigh (præst) (1586-1646) – engelsk præst
 Walter Raleigh (filolog) (1861-1922) – engelsk filolog

Walter Raleigh (flertydig)


Cynthia Kadohata, née le , est une écrivaine américaine d'origine japonaise surtout connue pour son roman jeunesse  qui a remporté la médaille Newbery en 2005. Elle remporte le National Book Award for Young People's Literature en 2013 pour .

Biographie
Kadohata est née à Chicago, dans l'Illinois. Elle a une sœur aînée et un jeune frère. Durant son enfance, sa famille déménage souvent, son père étant ouvrier itinérant. Elle découvre ainsi plusieurs états américains : Arkansas, Géorgie, Michigan. Alors qu'elle a 15 ans, sa famille s'installe à Los Angeles.

Elle est victime d'un grave accident de voiture en 1977. Sa convalescence lui permet de redécouvrir le plaisir de lire et de se lancer dans l'écriture. Elle est titulaire d'un BA en journalisme de l'Université de Californie du Sud obtenu en 1979. Elle suit également des programmes d'études supérieures à l'Université de Pittsburgh et à l'Université Columbia.

Sa première nouvelle publiée, Charlie O est parue dans The New Yorker en 1986. Elle sera transformée quelques années plus tard en son premier roman, , qui est publié en 1989.

En 2004, elle publie son premier livre pour enfants : Kira-Kira (mot japonais signifiant « scintillant(e) »). Celui-ci raconte l'histoire d'une jeune fille nippo-américaine cherchant à comprendre la grave maladie et la mort de sa sœur. Ce roman lui permet de remporter la Médaille Newbery en 2005, prix récompensant le meilleur livre pour enfants américain. Confortée par ce succès, elle continue d'écrire pour les enfants.

, son deuxième livre jeunesse, est publié au printemps 2006. Il traite du  où son père a été emprisonné pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Elle recevra le PEN USA Award pour ce roman. Son troisième roman jeunesse,  est sur la guerre du Vietnam présentée du point de vue d'un chien de guerre, et est publié en janvier 2007 chez .

En 2013, elle reçoit le National Book Award for Young People's Literature pour . Le roman suit le récit d'une enfant malchanceuse. À la suite d'un impératif, ses parents la confie, elle et son petit frère, à leurs grands-parents et s'envolent pour le Japon. C'est la saison des récoltes, elle doit alors aider aux travaux et faire face à une grand-mère stricte. Pour stopper sa malchance, elle décide de changer, même si cela doit déplaire à sa grand-mère.

Kadohata vit à Los Angeles avec son petit ami, son fils et ses chiens.

Récompenses

 2005 : Médaille Newbery pour Kira-Kira.
 2005-2006 :  pour Kira-Kira.
 2006 : PEN USA Award pour Weedflower.
 2007 :  (Book for Older Children) pour Weedflower.
 2013 : National Book Award for Young People's Literature pour .
 2013-2014 :  pour .

Œuvres

Références

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Naissance en juillet 1956
Naissance à Chicago
Romancière américaine du XXe siècle
Romancière américaine du XXIe siècle
Étudiant de l'université Columbia
Lauréat de la médaille Newbery
Lauréat du National Book Award

Cynthia Kadohata


Thailands kvindefodboldlandshold er det nationale fodboldhold for kvinder i Thailand. Det administreres af Football Association of Thailand.

Referencer

Kvindefodboldlandshold
Kvindefodboldlandshold

Thailands kvindefodboldlandshold


نازعة هيدروجين اللاكتات  ويُدعى اختصاراً LDH، وَهُوَ إنزيم رُباعي الوِحدات يَتكون مِن وحدتان من نوع H (حمضية) والآخريين من نوع M (قاعدية)، وَيكون الجُزء الرُباعي فَقط هو الفَعال في الإِنزيم، وَيتواسط التفاعل الذي يحول اللاكتات إلى بيروفات وكذلك التفاعل المعاكس، يُعتبر من الأمثلة على نظائر الإنزيمات، حيث يَملك خمسة نظائر يتركز كل نظير مِنها في نَسج مُعين من جسم الإنسان، يبلغ تركيز الإنزيمات النازعة لهيدروجين اللاكتات في الدم 105 - 333 وحدة دولية/لتر ويدل ارتفاع التركيز على أذية نسيجية معينة.

النظائر
يَمتلك الإنزيم النازع لهيدروجين اللاكتات خمس نَظائر، كَالتالي:

وَتُستخدم الإنزيمات النازعة لحمض اللبن كَواسمات جزيئية في تشخيص الأَمراض، ومثال ذلك: عند تَعرض أنسجة القَلب للتَلف يتم إفراز الإنزيمات النازعة لحمض اللبن في الدَم، وبعد فترة وَجيزة مِن حُصول النوبة القَلبية يزداد مُستوى هذه الإنزيمات في الدَم بشكل غير طَبيعي، وتُصبح كَمية الإنزيم النازع لحمض اللبن الثاني أكثر من كمية الإنزيم النازع لحمض اللبن الأول، وبعد مُرور 12 ساعة تُصبح كَميتهما مُتساوية تقريباً، وبعد مُضي 24 ساعة تصبح كمية الإنزيم النازع الأول أكثر من كمية الإنزيم النازع الثاني، وبالتالي يتم اعتبار التغيير في النسبة بين النظير الأول والثاني بالإضافة إلى التَغيير في نظائر كيناز الكرياتين من الأدلة القَوية على حصول احتشاء عضلة القلب.

انظر أَيضاً
 إنزيم
 نظير إنزيمي
 نازعة هيدروجين الألدهيد

المصادر

إنزيمات معلومة البنية
جينات على كروموسوم 11
جينات على كروموسوم 12
علم الأمراض الكيميائي
واسمات ورمية
EC 1.1.1

إنزيم نازع لهيدروجين اللاكتات


Hvaffor en hånd er en børneudsendelse, der blev vist i børnetime på DR 1991-2003.

Hvaffor en hånd handler om ting børn gør. I de første udsendelser legede Casper Christensen og Signe Lindkvist f.eks. cowboyer og indianere og forskellige andre ting. I de senere udsendelser tog værten Pernille Kure på ture til forskellige øer rundt om i Danmark, hvor hun fortæller om øerne og deres historie. Og senere tog Tina Bom Svendsen på eventyr, hvor hun bl.a. mødte pirater trolde, hekse og spøgelser sammen med sin hund Yo.

Værter
En række personer var værter på Hvaffor en hånd:
 Casper Christensen 1991-1992
 Signe Lindkvist 1992-1994
 Pernille Kure 1994-1997
 Lars Jønner Alving 1997
 Tina Bom Svendsen 1998-2000
 Susanne Ziba Asmussen 1999-2001
 Jonas 1999-2001
 Louise 2000-2001
 Chapper 2002
 Birgitte Lillesø 2002-2003

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Børneprogrammer fra Danmark
Danske tv-serier fra 1990'erne
Danske tv-serier fra 2000'erne

Hvaffor en hånd


Endstand war eine finnische Hardcore-Punk-Band aus Riihimäki, die im Jahr 1996 gegründet und 2008 wieder aufgelöst wurde. Die Band spielte in ihrer Karriere zusammen mit anderen Gruppen wie Sick of It All, Refused, Battery, Strike Anywhere, The Hope Conspiracy, Entombed, Nine, Catharsis, As Friends Rust, Terror, Tragedy, Converge, Most Precious Blood, Walls of Jericho, Bane, Eighteen Visions, Ensign, Throwdown, Rotten Sound, Cult of Luna, Cataract, Heaven Shall Burn, Comeback Kid und Buried Inside.

Geschichte
Die Band wurde Anfang 1996 von Sänger Janne Tamminen, Gitarrist Mika Kaukonen, Bassist Joel Sipilä und Schlagzeuger Jani gegründet. Nachdem die Band die ersten sechs Monate damit verbrachte, Lieder zu entwickeln und zu proben, spielten sie ihr erstes Konzert zusammen mit der schwedischen Band Outlast. Im selben Jahr veröffentlichten sie zudem noch ein erstes Demo. Im Jahr 1998 erschien ihre selbstbetitelte EP und im Folgejahr eine Split-Veröffentlichung mit Aurinkokerho über Impression Recordings. Das Debütalbum namens To Whom It May Concern ... im selben Jahr ebenfalls über Impression Recordings. Es folgten Auftritte zusammen mit Eighteen Visions, Terror und Entombed. Während dieser Auftritte verließ Schlagzeuger Jani im Jahr 2000 die Band und wurde durch Henrik 'Henkka' Furu ersetzt.

Die EP Fire Inside erschien im Jahr 2001 über Combat Rock Industry, auf der Schlagzeuger Furu erstmals zu hören war. Im Folgejahr kam mit Jani Koskinen ein zweiter Gitarrist zur Besetzung. Dieser war auf dem Album Never Fall Into Silence zu hören, wurde jedoch kurze Zeit nach der Veröffentlichung durch Juho Angervuori ersetzt. Danach folgten Touren mit Sick Of It All, Converge, Cataract und Heaven Shall Burn.

Im Jahr 2003 erschien die EP Hit and Run, der sich das Album Burning Bridges im Folgejahr anschloss. Dies war die letzte Veröffentlichung, auf der Schlagzeuger Furu zu hören war, bevor er durch Pekka Hänninen ersetzt wurde. Danach folgten weitere Touren, bei denen Gitarrist Angervuori die Band verließ.

Das nächste Album The Time Is Now erschien Anfang April 2006 in Schweden über Combat Rock Industry und im restlichen Teil Europas über Lifeforce Records. Als zweiter Gitarrist kam Tapio Vartiainen zur Besetzung, der die Band jedoch Anfang 2007 bereits wieder verließ. Er wurde nicht ersetzt, sodass die Band zu viert weiter spielte. Zudem trennte sich die Gruppe von Lifeforce Records. Anfang Oktober 2007 erschien das Album Spark, bevor sich die Band  im Januar 2008 trennte.

Stil und Einfluss
Die Band spielt klassischen Hardcore Punk, wobei die Musik mit anderen Bands wie Disfear, Blacklisted, Modern Life Is War, Bane und The Hope Conspiracy verglichen wird. Die deutsche Band Heaven Shall Burn coverte das Lied Destroy Fascism auf einer Split-Veröffentlichung. Auf dem Tonträger war ebenfalls Caliban zu hören.

Diskografie
 1996: Fear of Future (Demo, Eigenveröffentlichung)
 1997: Outlast / Endstand (Split, Bridge of Compassion Records, Grey Days Records)
 1997: Tolerance (EP, Rising Justice Records)
 1998: Endstand (EP, Impression Recordings)
 1999: Endstand / Aurinkokerho (Split, Halla Julkaisut)
 1999: To Whom It May Concern... (Album, Impression Recordings)
 2000: Picture Disc (EP, Combat Rock Industry)
 2001: Fire Inside (EP, Combat Rock Industry)
 2002: Endstand / Bora (Split)
 2002: Never Fall Into Silence (Album, Day After Records)
 2002: Diferente Actitud Juvenil (Split mit Kafka, Not Records/Fuxony Records)
 2003: Hit and Run (EP, Combat Rock Industry)
 2004: Burning Bridges (Album, Day After Records)
 2006: The Time Is Now (Album, Combat Rock Industry (Schweden), Lifeforce Records (Europa))
 2007: Spark (Album, Combat Rock Industry)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Finnische Band
Hardcore-Punk-Band

Endstand


O Vicariato Apostólico de Jaén no Peru ou Vicariato Apostólico de San Francisco Javier () é um vicariato apostólico de rito latino da Igreja Católica no Peru. Sua catedral está localizada na sede episcopal de Jaén, na província peruana de Cajamarca. Permanece imediatamente subordinado à Santa Sé e não faz parte de uma província eclesiástica.

História

 11 de janeiro de 1946: constituído como Prefeitura Apostólica de San Francisco Javier a partir da Diocese de Cajamarca, da Diocese de Chachapoyas e do Vicariato Apostólico de San Gabriel de la Dolorosa del Marañón.
 24 de abril de 1971: promovido a Vicariato Apostólico de San Francisco Javier.
 22 de novembro de 1980: renomeado Vicariato Apostólico de Jaén no Peru.

Bispos

Ordinários titulares, em ordem cronológica inversa

 Vigários apostólicos de Jaén no Peru, a maioria jesuítas (como se denota do "SJ" pós-nominal):

 Bispo Gilberto Alfredo Vizcarra Mori, SJ (11 de junho de 2014 - presente);
 Bispo Santiago María García de la Rasilla Domínguez SJ (11 de novembro de 2005 – 11 de junho de 2014);
 Arcebispo Pedro Ricardo Barreto Jimeno, SJ (Administrador Apostólico 17 de julho de 2004 – 11 de novembro de 2005);
 Bispo Pedro Ricardo Barreto Jimeno, SJ (mais tarde arcebispo) (21 de novembro de 2001 – 17 de julho de 2004), nomeado arcebispo de Huancayo;
 Bispo José María Izuzquiza Herranz, SJ (30 de março de 1987 – 21 de novembro de 2001);
 Bispo Augusto Vargas Alzamora, SJ (8 de junho de 1978 – 23 de agosto de 1985); futuro cardeal.

 Vigários apostólicos de San Francisco Javier:

 Dom Antonio de Hornedo Correa, SJ (24 de abril de 1971 – 9 de julho de 1977), nomeado Bispo de Chachapoyas

 Prefeitos apostólicos de San Francisco Javier

 Pe. Antonio de Hornedo Correa, SJ (mais tarde bispo) (6 de agosto de 1963 - 24 de abril de 1971)
 Pe. Juan Albacete, SJ (7 de novembro de 1961 - 4 de dezembro de 1962)
 Pe. José Oleaga Guerequiz, SJ (23 de outubro de 1959 – 1961)
 Pe. Ignacio García Martin, SJ (11 de julho de 1946 - 1958)

Outros padres deste vicariato que se tornaram bispos

 Ángel Francisco Simón Piorno, nomeado Bispo de Chachapoyas em 1991

Referências

Ligações externas

 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy
 Vicariate website

Circunscrições eclesiásticas católicas do Peru
Vicariatos Apostólicos

Vicariato Apostólico de Jaén no Peru


Olaylar
 31 Temmuz - İstanbul'da III. Ahmed için yaptırılan Sadabad Sarayı törenle açıldı.
 15 Haziran - I.Petro Hazar bölgelerini işgal etmeye başladı.

Doğumlar
 3 Ocak – Fredric Hasselquist, İsveçli doğabilimci (ö. 1752)
 12 Ocak – Nicolas Luckner, Fransa mareşali (ö. 1794)
 26 Ocak – Alexander Carlyle, İskoç lilise lideri (ö. 1805)
 19 Şubat – Tiphaigne de la Roche, Fransız yazar (ö. 1774)
 Nisan – Joseph Warton, İngiliz şair ve eleştirmen (ö. 1800)
 11 Nisan – Christopher Smart, İngiliz şair (ö. 1771)
 12 Nisan – Pietro Nardini, İtalyan besteci (ö. 1793)
 11 Mayıs – Petrus Camper, Hollandalı anatomist (ö. 1798)
 29 Mayıs – James FitzGerald, İrlandalı politikacı (ö. 1773)
 16 Temmuz – Joseph Wilton, İngiliz heykeltıraş (ö. 1803)
 9 Ağustos – Augustus William, Prusya Prensi (ö. 1758)
 11 Ağustos – Richard Brocklesby, İngiliz doktor (ö. 1797)
 5 Eylül – Frederick Christian, Saksonya Prensi (ö. 1763)
 16 Eylül – Gabriel Christie, İngiliz general (ö. 1799)
 22 Eylül – John Home, İskoç oyun yazarı (ö. 1808)
 27 Eylül – Samuel Adams, Amerikan devrim lideri (ö. 1803)
 2 Ekim – Leopold Widhalm, Avusturyalı lütiye (ö. 1776)
 5 Kasım – William Byron, Baron 5. Byron, İngiliz düellocu (ö. 1798)
 19 Kasım
 Leopold Auenbrugger, Avusturyalı doktor (ö. 1809)
 Benjamin Chew, Pensilvanya başhakimi (ö. 1810)
 30 Kasım – Theodore Gardelle, İsviçreli ressam ve mineci (ö. 1761)
 30 Aralık – Charles Yorke, Büyük Britanya Başbakanı (ö. 1770)
 tarihi bilinmeyen – Flora MacDonald, İskoç kahraman (ö. 1790)
 olası – Hyder Ali, Hint general ve Mysore Sultanı (ö. 1782)

Ölümler
 21 Ocak – Charles Paulet, Bolton II. Dükü, William III - İngiltere İngiliz destekçisi (d. 1661)
 29 Ocak – Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld, İsveç ordu lideri (d. 1651)
 5 Şubat – Eleonore d'Esmier d'Olbreuse, Brunsvik-Lüneburg Düşesi(d. 1639)
 10 Şubat – Bartholomew Roberts, Gal korsanı (d. 1682)
 11 Mart – John Toland, İrlandalı filozof (d. 1670)
 31 Mart – Eberhard von Danckelmann, Brandenburg-Prusya Başbakanı (d. 1643)
 13 Nisan – Charles Leslie, İrlandalı Anglikan dinbilimci (d. 1650)
 21 Nisan – Robert Beverley, Jr., Virjinya tarihçisi(d. 1673)
 20 Mayıs – Sébastien Vaillant, Fransız botanikçi (d. 1669)
 5 Haziran – Johann Kuhnau, Alman besteci (d. 1660)
 16 Haziran – John Churchill, Marlborough I. Dükü, İngiliz general (d. 1650)
 18 Eylül – André Dacier, Fransız klasik bilimci (d. 1651)
 20 Kasım – Johann Adam Reinken, Alman orgcu (d. 1623)
 20 Aralık – Kangxi, Çin İmparatoru (d. 1654)
 23 Aralık – Pierre Varignon, Fransız matematikçi (d. 1654)

1722


Jungermanniopsida, biljni razred u koljenu jetrenjarki. Ime dolazi po rodu Jungermannia. Dijeli se na 8 redova

Podrazredi i redovi
 Jungermanniidae Engl.
 Jungermanniales H. Klinggr.
 Porellales Schljakov
 Ptilidiales Schljakov
 Metzgeriidae Barthol.-Began
 Metzgeriales Rosenv.
 Pleuroziales Schljakov
 Pelliidae He-Nygrén, Juslén, Ahonen, Glenny & Piippo
 Fossombroniales Schljakov
 Pallaviciniales W. Frey & M. Stech
 Pelliales He-Nygrén, Juslén, Ahonen, Glenny & Piippo

Nepoznat položaj
 Ricciopsis obrutschevii (Neuburg) Radcz.
 Bryothallites Sh. Chandra
 Discites T.M. Harris
 Fucoides Brongn.
 Hepaticites J. Walton
 Krempogonium Nambudiri, Chitaley & Yawale
 Mstikhinia Mosseichik, Ignatov & Ignatiev
 Pellites P.C. Wu & C.Q. Guo
 Prehepaticites T.A. Istchenko
 Thallites Kidst. ex J. Walton
 Tortilicaulis D. Edwards
 Appianaceae

Izvori

Jetrenjarke
Biljni razredi

Jungermanniopsida


, located in Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan, is a strolling style garden constructed during the Edo period by the Maeda clan. Along with Kairaku-en and Kōraku-en, Kenroku-en is considered one of the Three Great Gardens of Japan and is noted for its beauty across all seasons, particularly in winter. Spread over nearly 25 acres, features of the landscape include meandering paths, a large pond, several tea houses, and one of Japan's oldest fountains. First opening to the public in 1871, the garden was later designated a National Site of Scenic Beauty in 1922, and subsequently received status as a National Site of Special Scenic Beauty in 1985. The grounds are open through paid admission year-round during daylight hours.

History
Kenroku-en was developed from the 1620s to the 1840s by the Maeda clan, the daimyōs (feudal lords) who ruled the former Kaga Domain.

While the date of initial development of the garden that would become known as Kenrokuen is rather unclear, one version of the garden's origins can perhaps be marked by the completion of the Tatsumi water channel in 1632 by Maeda Toshitsune, the third daimyō of the powerful Maeda clan and ruler of the Kaga Domain from 1605 to 1639, as this feature would be later incorporated into creating the garden's twisting waterways in 1822.

Conversely, in other versions of the garden's inception, it is said to have originated when the 5th daimyō Tsunanori [r. 1645–1723] built in 1676 the Renchiochin house on the slope facing Kanazawa Castle, and gave its garden the name , also spelled Renchi-tei. The garden is located outside the gates of Kanazawa Castle where it originally formed the outer garden, and covers 114,436.65 m2 (over 25 acres). It began in 1676 when the 5th daimyō Maeda Tsunanori moved his administration to the castle and began to landscape a garden in this vicinity. This garden was, however, destroyed by the fire in 1759.

Not much is known about Renchitei in the years after it was named, principally as about eighty years after its creation, nearly the entire garden was destroyed by a massive fire in 1759. However, it is known from documents of the period that before the fire, the garden was often used and enjoyed by successive lords and retainers for "different banquet occasions such as viewing the moon ... enjoying colorful maples", and for admiring horses. Furthermore, local legend suggests that  the Sacred Well of Kenroku-en – arguably the oldest object in the garden if the legend is true – suggests that:
1,200 years ago a peasant named Togoro stopped to wash his potatoes at the well. Suddenly, flakes of gold began to bubble up from the well, giving Kanazawa – meaning 'Marsh of Gold' – its name. Water from the well runs to the purification basin at the nearby Shinto shrine, and many people come to the Sacred Well for water for the tea ceremony.

The Shigure-tei teahouse – constructed in 1725 – miraculously survived  the fire of 1759, and it offers evidence that not only was the tea ceremony present before the fire, but more importantly so was the culture associated with this elaborate ritual as it had a significant effect on garden design.  Following the fire, the teahouse continued to be used and was completely restored during the Meiji period. It can still be seen today in the Renchitei section of the garden.

Kaiseki Pagoda
Another object that existed in or around the garden before the fire of 1759 was the , which is currently situated in Kenroku-en on an island near the center of . Not only is this object of considerable interest due to the theories which suggest its origin, but it also requires extra consideration due to the fact it "was erected by the third lord Toshitsune" who lived from 1594 to 1658, as it provides evidence that perhaps it predates the initial creation of Renchitei. Of course, this depends upon one's interpretation regarding both when the garden was initially created, along with the two theories regarding its origin. The first theory suggests it was formerly part of a "13-tiered pagoda that was once in the Gyokusen-in garden in Kanazawa Castle". The second theory suggests the pagoda was "brought back from Korea by Kato Kiyomasa when he came back from a military incursion there, and that it was presented to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and then passed on by him to the first lord Maeda Toshiie". Since these military incursions by Kato Kiyomasa probably took place between 1592 and 1598, and as Hideyoshi died in 1598, if the second theory is true, then the pagoda probably entered Japan and into the hands of Maeda Toshiie between 1592 and 1598. Moreover, both theories regarding its origin could be true, which could propose a third theory behind the pagoda's origin. It is possible that Maeda Toshiie received from Hideyoshi a 13-tiered pagoda, placed it in Gyokusen-in garden in Kanazawa Castle, and a subsequent daimyō placed the pagoda where it stands today in its current form. However, as there isn't any evidence suggesting this third theory, this claim cannot be substantiated.

The garden restoration was begun in 1774 by the 11th daimyō Harunaga, who created the Emerald Waterfall (Midori-taki) and , a teahouse. Improvements continued in 1822 when the 12th daimyō Narinaga created the garden's winding streams with water drawn from the Tatsumi Waterway. The 13th daimyō Nariyasu subsequently added more streams and expanded the Kasumi Pond. With this, the garden's current form was complete. The garden was opened to the public on May 7, 1874.

The Six Attributes
The garden was named by Matsudaira Sadanobu in 1822 and literally translates as "Combined" (Ken) "Six" (roku) "Garden" (en) to mean the "Garden of Six Attributes." Sadanobu drew inspiration from the classical Chinese text "Chronicles of the Famous Luoyang Gardens" (), which outlined the six attributes of a perfect landscape: spaciousness, seclusion, artifice, antiquity, waterways, and panoramas. Attaining all six within one landscape was said to be difficult because they form contrasting pairs:There are six features that make a garden outstanding. If one tries to introduce an impression of vastness, any atmosphere of quietude and intimacy will be lost; if artificial elements are introduced, any impression of antiquity will be weakened; if a lot of flowing water is introduced, distant views are not possible.The landscape design and layout of Kenroku-en can be interpreted to demonstrate how it overcomes the challenge of these contrasting attributes, and achieves balance of all six to represent an ideal landscape. Certain areas of the garden, like those around Kasumige-ike Pond, lend themselves to a sense of openness, while other areas, such as those around Tokiwaoka Hill, create a sense of seclusion. Artificial elements of bridges, lanterns, and pagodas were designed to fit seamlessly into the surrounding natural elements of rock, plants, and water. Panoramic viewpoints within the garden overlook the Japan Sea and Iozan mountains, while simultaneously allowing views of many of the garden's water features.

Features
Kenroku-en contains roughly 8,750 trees, and 183 species of plants in total. Among the garden's points of special interest are
 the oldest fountain in Japan, operating by natural water pressure.
 Yūgao-tei, a teahouse, the oldest building in the garden, built 1774
 Shigure-tei, a rest House that was originally built by the 5th lord Tsunanori, reconstructed at its present location in 2000
 Karasaki Pine, planted from seed by the 13th lord Nariyasu from Karasaki, near Lake Biwa.
 Kotoji-tōrō, a stone lantern with two legs, said to resemble the bridge on a koto. This lantern is emblematic of Kenroku-en and Kanazawa.
 Flying Geese Bridge (Gankō-bashi), made of eleven red stones, laid out to resemble geese in a flying formation
 Kaiseki Pagoda, said to have been donated to the Maeda by Toyotomi Hideyoshi

In winter, the park is notable for its yukitsuri — ropes attached in a conical array to carefully support tree branches in the desired arrangements, thereby protecting the trees from damage caused by heavy snows.

Gallery

See also

List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments

Notes

References

 Kenroku-en official website
 Japan Atlas: Kenrokuen
 Brochure, Kanazawa Castle & Kenroku-en Management Office
 "The Six Element Story", from the "Digital Archives of Ishikawa Japan" (Ishikawa Prefectural Government)
 "The Six Element Story" (Japanese version with kanji)

Gardens in Japan
Gardens in Ishikawa Prefecture
Kanazawa
Special Places of Scenic Beauty

Kenroku-en


Moise Brumboiu (n. secolul al XIX-lea – d. secolul al XX-lea) a fost un deputat în Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, organismul legislativ reprezentativ al "tuturor românilor din Transilvania, Banat și Țara Ungurească", cel care a adoptat hotărârea privind Unirea Transilvaniei cu România, la 1 decembrie 1918.

Biografie
A fost protopop de Tohanul Vechi al Bisericii Române Unite cu Roma. Deși este ales ca reprezentat al localității Tohanul Vechi în cadrul Marii Adunări Naționale de la Alba Iulia, acesta nu a fost prezent la data de 1 decembrie. Motivația sa constă în faptul că era singurul preot rămas în localitate, fiind nevoit să se ocupe de nevoile comunității sale.

Note

Bibliografie
 Mircea Vaida-Voievod, Gelu Neamțu, 1 decembrie 1018, Mărturii ale participanților, Editura Academiei Române, 2008

Lectură suplimentară
 Gelu Neamțu, Mircea Vaida-Voevod, 1 decembrie 1918. Mărturii ale participanților, Editura Academiei Române, 2005. (ISBN 973-27-1258-9)
 Ioan I. Șerban, Nicolae Josan, Dicționarul Personalităților Române. Trimișii românilor transilvăneni la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, Alba Iulia, 2003. (ISBN 973-8141-90-7)
 Daniela Comșa, Eugenia Glodariu, Maria M. Jude, Clujenii și Marea Unire, Cluj Napoca, 1998. (ISBN 973-0007-24-1)

Legături externe
 Adunarea de la Alba Iulia, organ reprezentativ și democratic al poporului român din Transilvania
 Centenar 100. Marii oameni politici ai României

Vezi și
 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Nașteri în secolul al XIX-lea
Decese în secolul al XX-lea
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Protopopi români
Preoți greco-catolici români

Moise Brumboiu


Labyrinth je treći studijski album talijanskog simfonijskog death metal-sastava Fleshgod Apocalypse. Album je 16. kolovoza 2013. godine objavila diskografska kuća Nuclear Blast.

O albumu
Labyrinth je konceptualni album baziran na priči o labirintu iz Knosa te likovima povezanim uz navedeni mit. Gitarist i pjevač Tommaso Riccardi izjavio je: "Usredotočili smo se na filološki aspekt kako bismo prikazali sve elemente klasičnog svijeta i, uz pomoć maničnog i pedantnog istraživanja, uspjeli smo stvoriti metaforu vezanu za naša vremena jer se labirint može promatrati kao beskrajnu potragu za onim što mi stvarno jesmo."

Za pjesme "Pathfinder" i "Epilogue" bili su snimljeni glazbeni spotovi.

Popis pjesama

Recenzije
Gregory Heaney, glazbeni kritičar sa stranice AllMusic, dodijelio je albumu četiri od pet zvjezdica te je izjavio: "Iako su mnogi albumi bili prozvani "rock operama", malo njih, ako ih uopće ima, zvuče tako operno kao Labyrinth, treći album talijanskih tehničkih death metal manijaka Fleshgod Apocalypse. Spajajući bijesnu brutalnost death metala s elegantnošću klasične glazbe i opere, album priča priču o mitskom labirintu iz Knosa. Jukstapozicija kažnjavajućih gitarskih rifova i nemilosrdnih blast beatova uz potpune simfonijske aranžmane i uzvišene operne vokale fascinira u pogledu isticanja nerazdvojivih različitosti i sličnosti ovih dvaju žanrova. Iako bi obožavatelji klasične glazbe mogli biti neskloni divljaštvu zvuka Fleshgod Apocalypsea, album sadrži zaslijepljujuću tehnikalnost koja se lako cijeni. U suprotnom slučaju, metal entuzijasti uživat će u uranjanju u veličanstvenost klasičnih elemenata. Kojoj god da strani pripadate, Labyrinth je solidno skladan i briljantno ostvaren album koji stvara predivan spektakl iz naočigled nespojivih stvari."

Osoblje

Fleshgod Apocalypse
Paolo Rossi – čisti vokali, bas-gitara
Francesco Paoli – vokali, bubnjevi, gitara
Cristiano Trionfera – prateći vokali, gitara, orkestracija, dodatni inženjer zvuka
Tommaso Riccardi – vokali, gitara
Francesco Ferrini – klavir, orkestracija
Ostalo osoblje
Stefano Morabito – produkcija, snimanje, miksanje, mastering
Colin Marks – naslovnica, omot albuma
Salvatore Perrone – fotografija

Dodatni glazbenici
Veronica Bordacchini – vokali (sopran) (na pjesmama 1, 4, 5 i 9)
Marco Sensi – klasična gitara (na pjesmi 8)
Riccardo Perugini – udaraljke
Luca Moretti – violončelo (na pjesmi 9)
George Kollias – dirigent orkestra

Izvori

Albumi iz 2013.
Albumi Fleshgod Apocalypsea

Labyrinth (album Fleshgod Apocalypsea)


Anguillita je mali, nenaseljeni stjenoviti otok kraj zapadnog vrha, dio britanskog prekomorskog područja Angvile, na Karibima. To je najjužnija točka ovog teritorija.

Karakteristike
Za razliku od otoka Scrub, većeg otoka na istočnom vrhu i koji ima dvije izvrsne plaže, Anguillita je rijetko posjećena, jer je zapadni vrh otoka Anguille gotovo nedostupan pješice. Rijetko ga posjećuju turisti, iako je dostupan kajakom.

More uz obalu otoka je zanimljivo za ronioce, a mogu se vidjeti barakude, raže i kornjače. Na dubini od 5-20 metara nalaze se tri izbočena mini-zida i brojne male podvodne špilje.

Izvori

Otoci Angvile

Anguillita


Les forêts claires xériques d'altitude de l'Est du Sahara  sont une écorégion terrestre morcelée définie par le WWF, appartenant au biome des déserts et brousses xériques de l'écozone afrotropicale, dans les zones montagneuses du Sahara oriental. Elle couvre une partie du Tchad et du Soudan.

Géologie et climat
Dans la classification du WWF, le plateau de l'Ennedi et les hautes terres du Ouaddaï au Tchad, avec le petit massif du Djebel Marra au Soudan, constituent une écorégion discontinue. Ces massifs abrupts formés de grès ou de roche volcanique, coupés par des gorges ou des lacs de cratère, se dressent au-dessus des vastes étendues arides du désert. Les extraordinaires paysages rocheux de l'Ennedi lui ont valu d'être classé au patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO en 2016. Le Djebel Marra, d'origine volcanique, culmine à plus de  m ; son cratère effondré est occupé par deux lacs.

Les précipitations, supérieures à celles des pénéplaines environnantes, constituent une exception dans le climat du Sahara et entretiennent une vie végétale et animale relativement abondante, rappelant les conditions qui régnaient il y a  ans pendant l'optimum climatique de l'Holocène. Les températures moyennes oscillent entre 20°C et 30°C à Iriba (Tchad), à  m d'altitude, avec 226 mm de précipitations mais les pluies atteignent  mm par an au sommet du Djebel Marra. La saison des pluies se situe entre avril et septembre. Par contraste, le bourg de Fada, en bordure de l'Ennedi, avait une pluviosité moyenne de 71,7 mm entre 1935 et 1949 ; il se situe à la limite extrême de la mousson tropicale d'été avec de fortes variations interannuelles.

Flore

Comme d'autres massifs montagneux sahariens, Hoggar, Tassili n'Ajjer, Tibesti, etc., l'Ennedi et le Djebel Marra abritent un petit nombre d'espèces endémiques, soit à plusieurs de ces massifs, soit à un seul d'entre eux. Ainsi,  se rencontre depuis le Hoggar jusqu'à l'Arabie occidentale en passant par l'Ennedi. La flore comprend surtout des espèces typiques du Sahel : Ammannia gracilis, Chrozophora brocchiana (une phorbe), Festuca abyssinica (une graminée), , Indigofera senegalensis, Tephrosia gracilipes, plusieurs espèces de panics. Des forêts-galeries de Trema orientalis et de bouleaux d'Afrique subsistent au fond de canyons inaccessibles ; Senegalia mellifera, un arbuste épineux, pousse sur les pentes rocheuses. La bruyère Erica sylvatica est particulière au Djebel Marra qui abrite aussi le seul peuplement subsistant d'oliviers de Laperrine, population relique de l'olivier méditerranéen.

Le Djebel Marra a une petite population agricole cultivant des palmeraies.

Dans le massif de l'Ouaddaï, les précipitations élevées permettent une végétation de savane arborée ou boisée comprenant les bouleaux d'Afrique, combrétacées, Tamarindus indica, Senegalia mellifera, S. Laeta, S. Senegal, Balanites aegyptiaca, Dalbergia melanoxylon. Le versant ouest, constitué de regs au sol lessivé, n'a qu'une végétation très pauvre qui se réduit encore sur le versant nord tandis que le versant sud abrite quelques îlots de végétation soudano-sahélienne à Andropogonées.

Faune

Les mammifères sont représentés par la gazelle dorcas, l'addax, le renard de Rüppell, le daman, le chat sauvage d'Afrique, le caracal, le chacal doré. Le Djebel Marra abrite trois espèces strictement endémiques de muridés : la gerbille de Burton, la gerbille de Lowe et le Grammomys aridulus.

Les sources et les oasis fournissent de l'eau fraîche à plusieurs espèces d'oiseaux, en séjour permanent ou migrateurs : le barbican perlé, le ganga couronné, le ganga de Lichtenstein, l'engoulevent du désert, l'ammomane élégante, l'outarde nubienne, l'outarde arabe, le choucador à ventre roux. Parmi les espèces menacées, on rencontre le vautour oricou et le vautour percnoptère.

Dans la guelta d'Archei, dans l'Ennedi, subsiste une population totalement isolée de crocodiles du désert, estimée à une dizaine d'individus.

L'existence de rares plans d'eau permanents a permis la persistance de populations reliques depuis une époque où ils étaient reliés par des bassins fluviaux traversant le Sahara. Une dizaine d'espèces aquatiques sont communes au Tibesti et à l'Ennedi dont , deux espèces du genre Labeo, deux Cichlidae et le Poisson-chat africain.

Voir aussi

Références
 dans sa version du .

Bibliographie
 Jean-Pierre Lebrun, Introduction à la flore d'Afrique, CIRAD, 2001
 One Earth, East Saharan Montane Xeric Woodlands.
 Rodolphe Spichiger, « Végétations sèches des ceintures sahéliennes et soudaniennes du Sénégal à Djibouti » in Abdoulaye Dia et Robin Duponnois, Le projet majeur africain de la Grande Muraille Verte : concepts et mise en œuvre, IRD Éditions, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 2013

Articles connexes
 Plateau de l'Ennedi
 Djebel Marra
 Forêts claires xérophiles d'altitude du Tibesti et du Jebel Uweinat

Écorégion au Tchad
Écorégion au Soudan

Forêts claires xériques d'altitude de l'Est du Sahara


Jean Monet or Monnet may refer to:

People
 Jean Monnet (director) (1703–1785), French theatre impresario and writer
 Jean Monet (son of Claude Monet) (1867–1913), frequent subject of paintings by his father Claude Monet
 Jean Monnet (1888–1979), French businessman, administrator, and institution-builder

Other
 Jean Monnet (train), an express train that linked Brussels with Strasbourg

See also

Jean Monet


බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් විසින් පාලිත ලංකාව (ශ්‍රී ලංකාව) තුල,  සූරියමල් ව්‍යාපාරය පිහිටුවනු ලැබුනේ, ශ්‍රී ලාංකික හිටපු-හමුදා සේවකයන් ගේ ශුභසිද්ධිය සලසනු වස්,  පොපි දිනය තුලදී,  සූරිය (පෝටියා ගස) මල් විකිණීම සඳහාය. මෙම ව්‍යාපාරය, ස්වභාවයෙන්ම, අධිරාජ්‍යවාද-විරෝධි ස්වරූපයක් ගත්තේය. 1934-1935  මැලේරියා වසංගත සමයෙහිදී, සහනසාධක කටයුතු සඳහාද මෙය දායක විය.

ඇරඹුම්

 යුද්ධ විරාම දිනයේදී (නොවැම්බර් 11) පොපි මල් විකිනීමෙන් ලැබූ ආදායම ශ්‍රී ලාංකික හිටපු-හමුදා සේවකයන්ට අවාසි වන අයුරින්    බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ජාතික හිටපු-හමුදා සේවකයන්ගේ අර්ථලාභය සඳහා භාවිතා කිරීමට විරෝධයක් වශයෙන්  ශ්‍රී ලාංකික හිටපු-හමුදා සේවකයෙක් වූ ඒලියන් පෙරේරා මහතා විසින්, එම දිනයේම තරගකාරී ලෙසින් සූරිය මල් විකිණීම සිදු කෙරුණු අතර, එයින් ලද ආදායම ආර්ථික අපහසුතාවය ඇතිව සිටි  ශ්‍රී ලාංකික හිටපු-හමුදා සේවකයන්ට උපකාර සැපයීමට භාවිතා විය.

සූරියමල් ව්‍යාපාරය


حركة المليون توقيع أو التغيير من أجل المساواة هي حملة قادتها نساء في إيران لجمع مليون توقيع لدعم تغيير القوانين التمييزية ضد المرأة في إيران. هوجمت نساء في الحركة واعتُقلن من قبل الحكومة، واستطاعت الحركة في مدة عامين تحقيق هدفها المنشود وهو جمع التواقيع المليون. حازت الحركة اعترافًا دوليًا. وقامت منظمات صحفية ومنظمات حقوق إنسان وديمقراطية بمنح جوائز سواء للحركة أو لبعض الأعضاء فيها.

الأصول

الأهداف

الاستراتيجية

النجاحات

جائزة أولوف بالمه 2008
انظر إلى جائزة أولوف بالمه.

سيمون دي بوفوار

انظر أيضا
 الحركة النسائية الإيرانية
 جمعية النساء الوطنيات الإيرانية
 قانون حماية الأسرة الإيراني

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

إيران في 2006
تاريخ الحقوق والحريات المدنية في إيران
حركات حقوق المرأة في إيران
حركات نسائية في إيران
حقوق المرأة في إيران
مساواة بين الجنسين
منظمات نسوية في إيران

حركة المليون توقيع


Losion je tekući pripravak namijenjen za pranje, njegu i zaštitu kože. Manje je viskozan od kreme pa se lakše razmazuje, a često i brže upija.

Prema namjeni losioni mogu biti:
 omekšavajući losioni (emolijenti) – omekšavaju i vlaže kožu
 adstrigentni losioni – sužavaju ili zatvaraju kožne pore i sprječavaju izlučivanje loja te sprječavaju razmazivanje šminke na masnoj koži
 losioni za čišćenje – upotrebljavaju se za uklanjanje laganije šminke i čišćenje kože
 višeslojni losioni – sastoje se od dvaju ili više slojeva (ulje – voda ili ulje – prašak), a protresanjem prije uporabe postaju mliječni losioni ili suspenzije
 mliječni losioni – po svojstvima su između losiona i krema; nazivaju se još i toaletna mlijeka, hranjivi losioni
 losioni za kosu – koriste se za masiranje vlasišta radi uklanjanja prhuti te stimulaciju rasta kose
 losioni za sunčanje – sadrže fotozaštitne tvari.
 losioni pri brijanju (prije i nakon brijanja) – izrađeni su na bazi alkohola uz dodatak antiseptika i adstrigensa

Glavni sastojci losiona su: voda, humektanti (lecitin, propilen glikol, sorbitol ili hijaluronska kiselina), alkohol, emolijentne tvari (bazna ulja, vazelin, lanolin i limetikon), puferi (za regulaciju kiselosti), uguščivaći, mirisi, bojila,  emulgatori, konzervansi i izbjeljivači (vitamin C).

Izvori

Kozmetika

Losion


Częstochowa kotar (poljski: powiat częstochowski) kotar je u Šleskog vojvodstva u Poljskoj. Zauzima površinu od 1519 km² s 135.611 stanovnika. Ustanovljen je 1999. godine. Administrativno sjedište kotara je Częstochowa (sjedište nije dio kotara).

Općine

Izvori
 Area and Population in the Territorial Profile in 2017 (stranica 134)

Poljski kotari

Częstochowa (kotar)


Anny Duperey, de fapt Anny Ginette Lucienne Legras, născută la 28 iunie 1947 la Rouen, este o actriță și romancieră franțuzoaică.

Biografie
Familia sa este originară din La Neuville-Chant-d'Oisel. Părinții ei, Lucien și Ginette Legras, erau fotografi. La vârsta de opt ani, Anny își pierde amândoi părinții care au murit asfixiați în baia proprie, din cauza unei defecțiuni. De atunci a fost crescută de bunica și o mătușă din partea tatălui, iar sora ei care avea abia câteva luni, de bunicii din partea mamei. Mai târziu, scrie despre aceste amintiri traumatizante în cartea Le Voile noir care a fost ilustrată cu poze rămase din arhiva de lucru a tatălui ei.

În timpul studiului la școala de actorie Cours Simon din  Paris, a jucat la început în piese de teatru și pentru a se întreține a lucrat ca model pentru modă. În septembrie 1973 a apărut pe coperta revistei Vogue.

Jean-Luc Godard a remarcat-o pe Duprey și I-a oferit un rol în anul 1966 în filmul Deux ou trois choses que je sais d'elle. Apoi a jucat preponderent în filme franțuzești ușoare. Astfel împreună cu tânăra Claude Jade au "înfrumusețat" în 1968 filmul Sub semnul lui Monte Cristo înainte ca în 1969 să joace împreună cu Brigitte Bardot pe cuceritoarele lui Maurice Ronet din filmul lui Jean Aurel Les Femmes.

Filmografie selectivă

Romane publicate
 L'Admiroir (1976)
 Le Nez de Mazarin (1986)
 Le Voile noir (1992), in deutscher Übersetzung unter dem Titel Der schwarze Schleier des Vergessens von Dromer Knaur (1994), ISBN 3-426-75053-8
 Je vous écris (1993)
 Les Chats du hasard (1999), in deutscher Übersetzung unter dem Titel Das Glück, von einer Katze gefunden zu werden von Scherz (2002), ISBN 3-502-11151-0
 Allons voir plus loin, veux-tu? (2002)
 Essences et parfums (2004)
 Une soirée (2005)

Referințe

Legături externe

 Actori francezi
Actrițe franțuzoaice

Anny Duperey


Élie-Abel Carrière (født 4. juni 1818 i May-en-Multien i det franske departement Seine-et-Marne; død 17. august 1896 i Paris) var en fransk gartner, botaniker og forfatter. Hans officielle autornavn er "Carrière"; men tidligere brugte man også forkortelsen "Carr.".

Levnedsløb
Hans største indsats indenfor botanik drejer sig om nåletræerne. Blandt andet har han afklaret slægterne hemlock (Tsuga), douglasgran (Pseudotsuga) og Keteleeria. Hans hovedværk indenfor nåletræerne er Traité général des conifères ou description de toutes les espèces et variétés de ce genre aujourd'hui connues, avec leur synonimie, l'indication des procédés de culture et de multiplication qu'il convient de leur appliquer (udg. i 1855, og i et stærkt omarbejdet 2. oplag i 1867).

Ind imellem (til 1869) var han leder af planteskolen ved Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle Paris. I årene 1867-1896 var han redaktør af Revue horticole. Han har desuden skrevet mange bidrag om dyrkning af frugttræer.

Taksonomiske æresbevisninger
Planteslægten Carrierea Franch. i pile-familien (Salicaceae) er opkaldt efter hans navn.

Skrifter
 Jardin fruitier - Fruits à pépins - Poires, 1845
 Pépinières, 1855
 Traité général des conifères ou description de toutes les espèces et variétés de ce genre aujourd'hui connues, avec leur synonimie, l'indication des procédés de culture et de multiplication qu'il convient de leur appliquer, 1855 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.17188; 2. stærkt omarbejdede oplag i 1867 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.50447
 Entretiens familiers sur l'horticulture, 1860
 Guide pratique du jardinier multiplicateur, 1862
 Production et fixation des variétées dans les végétaux, 1865 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.50412
 Arbre généalogique du groupe pêcher, 1867
 Description et classification des variétés de pêchers et de brugnoniers, 1867
 Encyclopédie horticole, 1880
 Montreuil aux pêches-Historique et pratiques, 1880
 Semis et mise à fruit des arbres fruitiers, 1881
 Étude générale du genre Pommier, 1883
 Pommiers microcarpes et pommiers d'agrément, o. J.
 La Vigne et Réfutations sur la culture de la vigne, o. J.
 L'arbre fruitier haute tige. Manuel pratique d'arboriculture fruitière, 1908

Litteratur
 Roger L. Williams: An intellectual biography of Elie-Abel Carrière i Brittonia, 2004, side 365–374.
 Fritz Encke, Günther Buchheim og Siegmund Seybold: Zander, Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. oplag, 1984,

Autorer
Botanikere fra Frankrig
Franskmænd i 1800-tallet

Élie Abel Carrière


A Diocese de Port Blair (Latim:Dioecesis Portus Blairensis) é uma diocese localizada no município de Port Blair, nas ilhas de Andamão e Nicobar em território da união, pertencente a Arquidiocese de Ranchi na Índia. Foi fundada em 22 de junho de 1984 pelo Papa João Paulo II. Com uma população católica de 40.664 habitantes, sendo 8,4% da população total, possui 16 paróquias com dados de 2020.

História

Em 22 de junho de 1984 o Papa João Paulo II cria a Diocese de Port Blair através do território da Arquidiocese de Ranchi.

Lista de bispos
A seguir uma lista de bispos desde a criação da diocese em 1984.

Ligações externas

Port Blair
Port Blair

Diocese de Port Blair


Even Stevens (titulada Mano a mano en Hispanoamérica) es una serie original de Disney Channel de comedia. Se emitió en Disney Channel con un total de tres temporadas y 65 episodios desde el 17 de junio de 2000 al 2 de junio de 2003. Sigue la vida de los Stevens, una familia que vive en los suburbios de Sacramento, California , Centrándose sobre todo en las personalidades que chocan de sus dos hermanos más jóvenes, Ren y Louis.
La serie fue producida por Brookwell McNamara Entertainment. A menudo se cita como el lanzamiento de la carrera de Shia LaBeouf breakout como actor. El espectáculo también cuenta con la fotografía de movimiento rápido, que emplea en cada episodio.

El largometraje Disney Channel Original Movie basado en la serie, The Even Stevens Movie, se estrenó el 13 de junio de 2003 y sirve como el final de la serie.

A partir de agosto de 2016, Even Stevens se presenta en Freeform durante dos horas después de la medianoche del miércoles por la noche. La película Even Stevens continúa apareciendo en Disney Channel, y en Family Channel de vez en cuando. Sin embargo, en el Reino Unido, Even Stevens continúa emitiendo en CITV. Desde su lanzamiento el 1 de junio de 2011 hasta finales de 2012, la serie se mostró como re-corre en Disney XD en Canadá y los EE. UU.

Sinopsis

En Sacramento, California, vive la familia Stevens. Ellos tienen de hijos a Louis, el chico travieso y bromista, Ren, la estudiante y perfeccionista y a Donnie el atleta y deportista. Aunque es un sitcom, al igual que la serie Lizzie McGuire, la serie no tiene insertos de risa. Sin embargo, las cámaras toman con un muy rápido movimiento las escenas.

El programa tiene un total de 65 episodios. Al ver la popularidad que tuvo la serie, los productores hicieron la Película Original de Disney Channel, The Even Stevens Movie (Mano a Mano: La Película en Hispanoamérica), que salió al aire el 13 de junio de 2003.

Personajes

Personajes principales
 Louis Anthony Stevens (Shia LaBeouf): Louis es el pequeño de la familia.Toda su familia es vista como perfecta junto a él. Él siempre está haciendo bromas con su mejor amigo Alan Twitty y se describe como un desastre para la vida de todos. Él nunca parece cambiar con el tiempo. Sus padres parecen favorecer a su hermana Ren y su hermano Donnie debido a los grandes éxitos que ambos han logrado, pero sus padres lo quieren mucho y tratan de defenderlo. Louis tiende a hacer cosas poco atractivas (decir palabras desagradables, morderse la nariz, etc.), aunque todo se presenta a la audiencia de maneras entrañables. Tawny Dean se convierte en su novia al final de la serie. Su cumpleaños es el 27 de junio como se muestra en el episodio 33.

 Renee "Ren" Stevens (Christy Carlson Romano): Una inteligente, bien educada, perfeccionista de 8º grado, Ren es la hermana del medio. Ella es la superestrella clásica, corriendo constantemente para el monitor del pasillo y el presidente de la clase al tratar de evitar que los planes de Louis se conviertan en desastres. Ella es la presentadora de noticias principal de "The Wombat Report" y pasó algunas semanas en el equipo de porristas de su escuela. Ren es el editor del periódico escolar y el anuario, una estudiante recta , y asistente altamente valorada del director Wexler. A pesar de su ranking de estudiantes de primer nivel, Ren fue sentenciada y cumplió prisión por lo menos en una ocasión. El color favorito de Ren es azul.

 Eileen Stevens (Donna Pescow): Una senadora judío estadounidense exitoso y sensata que lanzó una campaña para la Cámara de Representantes de Estados Unidos en 2002 y fue derrotada por poco. Ella es la madre de Donnie, Ren y Louis.

 Steve Stevens (Tom Virtue): Un abogado peculiar. Jugó fútbol americano universitario para la Universidad Estatal de Míchigan con el apodo de "Stiffie" Stevens. Solía ser un luchador de su escuela. Él es el padre de Donnie, Ren y Louis.

 Donald "Donnie" Stevens (Nick Spano): El gran hermano atlético de Ren y Louis. Donnie está muy preocupado con su apariencia. Su popularidad, buena apariencia y excelentes habilidades atléticas lo convirtieron en un ídolo y leyenda en su escuela, incluso después de su graduación. A pesar de que se destaca en muchos deportes, es un cabeza hueca.

Personajes Secundarios
 Alan Twitty (A.J Trauth): El mejor amigo de Louis. Twitty es similar a Louis, pero generalmente no es tan extremo y a menudo tiene que sacar a Louis de las situaciones. Conocido como "Twitty" por sus amigos, él está en el equipo de baloncesto y el equipo de béisbol, toca la guitarra y también tiene éxito con las chicas. Las frases de Twitty son "amigo" y "dulce".

 Tawny Dean (Margo Harshman): La mejor amiga de Louis, y finalmente su novia. Tawny, al principio, no tiene amigos y es una extraña, hasta que conoce a Louis. Tawny es gótica y muy bravucona, a diferencia de sus compañeros de clase, y se niega a cumplir con las actividades triviales de los demás.

 Thomas "Tom" Gribalski (Fred Meyers): El mejor amigo nerd de Louis. Cuando Louis cocina un plan, Tom generalmente trata de convencer a Louis de que no lo haga y, por lo general, no le sigue la corriente. Además, Tom habla de una manera muy científica, filosófica e inteligente. Él es comúnmente víctima de muchas bromas de Louis y Twitty. Él llama a su madre por su nombre (Doris). En la temporada 3, se ve a Doris tocar el piano cuando Tom audiciona para SACCY, una escuela de artes escénicas.
 Ruby Mendel (Lauren Frost): La mejor amiga de Ren que adora chismear sobre enamoramientos y parejas de novios. Ella una vez se enamoró de Louis (mientras estaba bajo el hechizo de un centavo de la suerte), en el mismo episodio que estaba enamorada de la banda de chicos BBMak.
 Monique Taylor (Kenya Williams): La otra mejor amiga de Ren. Monique es una alegre animadora. Monique lleva muchas cosas a límites extremos. Ella tiene un fuerte acento sureño.
 Nelson Minkler (Gary LeRoi Gray): El mejor amigo de la infancia de Ren que parece ser alérgico a todo y se sobreprotege a sí mismo cuando está afuera. Por lo general, está con Ren y, a veces, con Donnie, pero solo ha hablado con Louis una vez. Él habla fluidamente francés. Nelson también era el nombre del personaje de Gray en The Cosby Show cuando era niño.
 Bernard "Beans" Aranguren (Steven Anthony Lawrence): El vecino extremadamente molesto de los Stevens, que entra sin invitación a su casa, se sienta en casa y se niega a irse. Su amor por el tocino es un tema recurrente, y en "Little Mr. Sacktown" visita una choza de tocino. Eventualmente se convierte en un compinche de los planes de Louis y Twitty, por lo general cruzando los dos.
 Lawrence "Larry" Beale (Eric "Ty" Hodges): El rival desagradable, igualmente popular, carismático y sabelotodo de Ren en la escuela. Larry odia a Ren y siempre trata de destruir su reputación, pero sus planes suelen ser contraproducentes. Su víctima favorita es Ren, pero ocasionalmente intenta arruinar a Louis también. Larry está en secreto celoso de Ren y considera a Louis una amenaza, pero nunca lo admitirá. Larry es un mocoso del ejército. En la película, insinuó un poco de celos cuando demostró que Ren estaba compartiendo un beso con un actor.
 Entrenador Terry Tugnut (Jim Wise): El entrenador de gimnasio que siempre es duro con Louis, pero está loco por Donnie, Larry y la comida. Él ama comer. Una vez pesó más de 300 lbs. Con frecuencia es víctima de las bromas de Louis. El entrenador Tugnut a menudo sirve como el ejecutor / compañero de Wexler. Él está obsesionado con la pelota esquiva y con los tres "puntos principales" (brazo, cabeza, estómago). Un chiste que corre a lo largo de la serie es el entrenador Tugnut gritando: "¡Stevens!" cuando Louis causa problemas.
 Conrad Wexler (George Anthony Bell): El director de Lawrence Jr High. El Director Wexler favorece a Ren sobre los otros estudiantes. Han tenido argumentos, pero son buenos amigos. Ren es su asistente estudiantil, mientras que Louis lo vuelve loco. Por lo general, hace que Ren haga su trabajo sucio.
 Ivan (Eric Jungmann): La mano derecha de Larry Beale, aunque hace de mano derecha a otros chicos populares, como Blake Thompson en el episodio "Louis in the Middle".
Bobby Deaver (Brandon Davis): Novio de la escuela secundaria de Ren; apareció en siete episodios. Ren rompió con Bobby después de que Louis le dijera que la engañaba saliendo con Mandy Sanchez, una rival de Ren.
 Carla y Marla (Lisa Foiles y Krysten Leigh Jones) : Dos chicas que admiran a Ren. Carla y Marla están en el personal del periódico con Ren y Ruby. Después del episodio "Quest for Coolness", Carla y Marla nunca son vistas o mencionadas nuevamente.

Producción
El show fue producido originalmente como un espectáculo llamado Spivey's Kid Brother. Un piloto fue filmado a finales de 1997, y más tarde fue recogido por Disney Channel como Even Stevens. En el primer episodio, Disney tuvo que doblar el nombre "Spivey" a "Stevens". De hecho, en la escena de clase de gimnasia, una pancarta es visible en la lectura de fondo, "Home of Spivey y los Wild Wombats".

En el tema del programa, las animaciones de arcilla de Louis y Ren convierten sus mandos a distancia en sables de luz, aludiendo a Star Wars. Antes de esto, Ren lee una guía de televisión con fotos de acción en vivo de Christy Carlson Romano y Shia LaBeouf en la portada.

Aunque el programa duró tres temporadas, la línea de tiempo del programa es sólo un año escolar, ya que Louis y sus amigos permanecen en el 7 º grado y Ren y sus amigos permanecen en el 8 º grado. Ren finalmente se gradúa en The Even Stevens Movie.

Shia LaBeouf y Christy Carlson Romano son los dos únicos actores que aparecen en los 65 episodios de la serie.

Temporadas

Emisión
El 7 de julio de 2007, Disney Channel transmitió ocho episodios como parte de su maratón "A veces ganas, a veces tú Louis", para coincidir con el lanzamiento de Shia La película Transformers de LaBeouf . En 2006, Superstation WGN (ahora WGN America) adquirió los derechos de Even Stevens y Lizzie McGuire.  Se emitió en el canal del 18 de septiembre de 2006 a 12 de septiembre de 2008, durante la semana. Originalmente salieron al aire el uno después de otro en las tardes de la semana antes de pasar a las horas nocturnas cuando el público objetivo de los dos espectáculos generalmente no están despiertos con Even Stevens al aire los martes y los jueves y Lizzie al aire el resto de la semana

Premios y nominaciones
 Premios BAFTA
2002 – Best International – Matt Dearborn, Sean McNamara & David Brookwell (Ganado)
 Premios Daytime Emmy
2003 - Mejor intérprete en una serie para niños - Shia LaBeouf (Ganado)

2003 - Mejor intérprete en una serie para niños - Donna Pescow (Nominada)

2003 - Programa para niños sobresalientes (Nominado)

2002 - Programa infantil destacado (Nominado)

2002 - Mejor intérprete en una serie para niños - Donna Pescow (Nominada)

2001 - Programa para niños sobresaliente (Nominado)

2001 - Mejor intérprete en una serie para niños - Donna Pescow (Nominada)
 Premios del Sindicato de Directores
2003 - Logro Directorial sobresaliente en Programas para Niños - Gregory Hobson para el episodio "Band On The Roof" (Nominado)

2002 - Logro extraordinario de Directorial en programas para niños - Sean McNamara por el episodio "Very Scary Story" (Nominado)

2001 - Logro Directorial sobresaliente en Programas para Niños - Paul Hoen para el episodio "Take My Sister ... Please" (Nominado)

2001 - Logro extraordinario de Directorial en programas para niños - Sean McNamara por el episodio "Easy Way" (Nominado)
 Young Artist Award
2004 - Mejor actuación en una serie de televisión (Comedia o drama): Apoyando a la joven actriz - Margo Harshman (Nominada)

2003 - Mejor actuación en una serie de televisión (Comedia o drama): Apoyar al joven actor - Steven Anthony Lawrence (Ganado)

2003 - Mejor actuación en una serie de televisión (comedia o drama): joven actriz de reparto - Lauren Frost (Nominada)

2002 - Mejor actuación en una serie de comedia televisiva: Primera actriz principal - Christy Carlson Romano (Ganado)

2002 - Mejor actuación en una serie de televisión (comedia o drama): joven actriz de reparto - Lauren Frost (Ganadora)

2002 - Mejor actuación en una serie de comedia televisiva: Actor joven líder -Shia LaBeouf (Nominado)

2002 - Mejor actuación en una serie de comedia televisiva: Actor joven líder - A.J. Trauth (Nominado)

2002 - Mejor actuación en una serie de comedia televisiva: Apoyar al joven actor - Steven Anthony Lawrence (Nominado)

2001 - Mejor actuación en una serie de comedia televisiva: Primera actriz principal - Christy Carlson Romano (Ganado)

2001 - Mejor actuación en una serie de comedia televisiva: Actor joven líder - Shia LaBeouf (Nominado)

2001 - Mejor actuación en una serie de comedia televisiva: Invitado protagonizado por el joven intérprete - Ty Hodges (Nominado)
 Young Star Awards
2000 - Mejor actor / actuación joven en una serie de comedia televisiva - Shia LaBeouf (Nominado)

Película
 The Even Stevens Movie (Mano a Mano: La Película en Hispanoamérica, Vacaciones en Directo en España).

Enlaces externos

 The Even Stevens Movie, DVD en inglés.
 Even Stevens en Internet Movie Database.

Series de televisión de Disney Channel
Series de televisión de Estados Unidos
Series dobladas al español en México
Programas de televisión iniciados en 2000
Programas de televisión finalizados en 2003

Even Stevens


TCG Gediz (F-495) (Birleşik Devletler Donanmasındaki adı: USS John A. Moore (FFG-19)), Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri'nde hizmet etmekte olan Gabya sınıfı fırkateynlerden birisidir.

Oliver Hazard Perry sınıfı güdümlü füze fırkateynlerin on birincisi olup II. Dünya Savaşı'nda görevi başında ölen denizaltı komutanı John A. Moore'un (1910–1944) adından isimlendirilmiştir.

28 Şubat 1977'de San Pedro Kaliforniya'da FY77 programı dahilinde Todd Shipyards'a ısmarlanan fırkateynin yapımına 19 Eylül 1978'de başlanmış ve 20 Ekim 1979'da bitirilip denize indirilmiştir. 14 Kasım 1981'de görevlendirilen gemi, 1 Eylül 2000'de Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri'ne verilmiştir.

Dış bağlantılar

 MaritimeQuest USS John A. Moore FFG-19 ABD Donanmasında iken çekilen resimleri
 Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri'nde Gabya sınıfı fırkayenler

Gabya sınıfı fırkateyn

TCG Gediz (F-495)


Tuja (lat. Thuja), rod zimzelenih grmova i drveća iz porodice Čempresovki (Cupressaceae). Predstavnici ovog roda rastu po Sjevernoj Americi i Aziji (Japan, Koreja, Kina).

Drvo nazvano istočnjačka tuja ili obična azijska tuja čini poseban rod Platycladus, i ne pripada u tuje.

Vrste
 Thuja koraiensis, korejska tuja
 Thuja occidentalis, obična američka tuja, Zapadnjačka tuja
 Thuja plicata, golema tuja
 Thuja standishii, japanska tuja
 Thuja sutchuenensis, sečunska tuja

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Čempresovke

Tuja


وَادِي الرَمَل وادٍ يسيل في ولايتي زغوان وسوسة بالوسط التونسي، يصب في خليج الحمامات شمال مدينة بوفيشة.

انظر أيضا

مواضيع ذات علاقة
 سد وادي الرمل.

أودية تونس

وادي الرمل (وادي، زغوان)


Muški rukometni klub Vidovec (MRK Vidovec; Vidovec) je muški rukometni klub iz Vidovca, Varaždinska županija. U sezoni 2017./18. klub je osvojio 8. mjesto u 1. HRL - Sjever.

O klubu
Rukometni klub u Vidovcu je osnovan 1964. kao "Partizan", u sklopu posojećeg športskog društva DTO "Partizan", osnovanog 1959. godine.
Klub je od 1977. do 1988. bio sudionik Hrvatske lige. Do izgradnje dvorane, klub je igrao na betonskom igralištu, koje je 1977. godine dobilo reflektore.
Osamostaljenjem Hrvatske, klub postaje RK '"Vidovec". Pod imenom "Vidovec BIOS" klub u sezoni 2011./12. osvaja 1. HRL, te se plasira u Premijer ligu, te tako igra u najvišoj hrvatskoj ligi u sezoni 2012./13. Na kraju sezone dolazi do spajanja "Vidovec BIOS" i "Varteks di Caprija" u novi klub "GRK Varaždin 1930", koji je nastavio igrati u Varaždinu, ali je preuzeo većinu igrača, sponzora kluba te licencu i mjesto "Vidovca" u ligi.

Zbog ove situacije se klub u Vidovcu 2013. reformira kao MRK "Vidovec"''',

te kreće s natjecanjem od 3. HRL - Sjever, koju osvaja, kao i 2. HRL - Sjever u sezoni 2015./16., te je otad član 1. HRL - Sjever''.

Uspjesi
 1. HRL
 prvak: 2011./12.

Poznati igrači

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Vidovec
 RK Varteks Varaždin

Vanjske poveznice
 Muški Rukometni Klub Vidovec, facebook stranica
 zupa-vidovec.hr, RK Vidovec
 furkisport.hr/hrs, Vidovec-BIOS
 furkisport.hr/hrs, Vidovec
 sportilus.com, Muški rukometni klub Vidovec
 vecernji.hr, Uzbudljiva vidovečka rukometna priča traje više od pola stoljeća, objavljeno 26. veljače 2013.

Izvori
 Krešimir Petanjek: 'Varaždin, kolijevka rukometa u Hrvatskoj '', Varaždinske Toplice, 2010.,

Vidovec

MRK Vidovec


Dragan Stojković - Bosanac (Sarajevo, 2. prosinca 1953.) bosanskohercegovački je glazbenik, skladatelj i harmonikaš.

Životopis
Dragan je rođen u Sarajevu gdje je proveo i kratko razdoblje djetinjstva. Odrastao je u hercegovačkoj općini Konjic, a inače je rodom iz Srbije. Otac mu je Leskovčanin, a majka iz Šapca. Završio je gimnaziju, osnovnu glazbenu školu i ekonomski fakultet. Od malih nogu je zavolio instrument harmoniku koja mu je stjecajem okolnosti donijela slavu početkom osamdesetih. Oženjen je suprugom Dunjom s kojom ima sina Aleksandra i kćer Aleksandru.

Sredinom osamdesetih, Bosanac je sa svojim orkestrom surađivao s mnogim imenima tadašnje jugoslavenske narodne glazbe, kao što su: Hanka Paldum, Nada Obrić, Lepa Lukić, Snežana Đurišić, Halid Bešlić, Ana Bekuta, Miloš Bojanić i mnogi drugi.

Angažman u Zvezdama Granda
Od samih početaka regionalnog glazbenog natjecanja Zvezde Granda, Bosanac je aktivan član stručnog žirija.

U sezoni 2018./2019. ovog uspješnog show programa, Dragan postaje mentor određenom broju natjecatelja koji su ga izabrali u prvom krugu. U sljedećim krugovima, dužan je bio pripremiti natjecatelje koji su mu ukazali povjerenje kako bi se mogli nadmetati s kandidatima ostalih mentora i mentorica - Marija Šerifović, Jelena Karleuša, Ana Bekuta, Đorđe David, Viki Miljković te mentor Grand Produkcija koju predstavljaju direktor programa Saša Popović i glazbena urednica Snežana Đurišić.

Izvori

Bosanskohercegovački glazbenici
Bosanskohercegovački skladatelji
Srbijanski glazbenici
Srbijanski skladatelji

Dragan Stojković Bosanac