Kâmil Sönmez (4 Mart 1947, Ordu - 20 Aralık 2012, İstanbul), Gürcü kökenli Türk şarkıcı ve oyuncu. Çoğunlukla Karadeniz türküleri seslendirmekteydi.

Hayatı
İlköğretimini Giresun'da tamamladıktan sonra, Ankara Devlet Konservatuvarı Opera-Şan bölümüne girdi. 1966-1968 yılları arasında askerlik görevini yaptı. Askerlik sonrası Avni Dilligil Tiyatrosu'nda profesyonel tiyatro oyunculuğuna başladı. Sırasıyla Ankara Sahnesi ve Ankara Kardeş Oyuncular Tiyatrosu'nda çalışmalarını sürdürdü. Tiyatro'da oyunculuğunu sürdürürken Zülfü Livaneli'nin yapımcılığında ilk plağı olan İnce Memed - Hekimoğlu ile şarkıcılığa başladı. Sonra halk türküleri sınavını kazanarak radyoya girdi. Karadeniz türkülerinin en önemli sanatçılarından biri oldu.Türkola kaset şirketinde Karadeniz Disko adında bir kaset çıkarttı. Bu sırada sinema filmlerinde de rol aldı.

Kâmil Sönmez, 1996 yılından ölümüne kadar Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Devlet Türk Halk Müziği korosunda solist olarak görev yaptı. 1999 yılında Kültür Bakanlığı'nca verilen Devlet Sanatçısı unvanını almıştır.

Geçirdiği beyin kanaması nedeniyle tedavi gördüğü Başkent Üniversitesi İstanbul Hastanesi'nde ölmüştür.

Filmografisi
 1979: Düşman
 1980: Eşek Şakası
 1981: Deli Kan
 1981: Bizim Sokak
 1984: Sev Ölesiye
 1985: Cilalı İbo Beni Anneme Götür
 1987: Islak Sokak
 1991: Bir Kadın Düşmanı
 1993: Bizim Mahalle
 2000: Tirvana
 2002: Kınalı Kar
 2002: Kumsaldaki İzler
 2003: Ölümsüz Aşk
 2005: Sensiz Olmuyor
 2006: Amerikalılar Karadeniz'de 2
 2006: Sev Kardeşim
 2006: Karagümrük Yanıyor
 2007: Komedi Dükkanı
 2008: Aşkım Aşkım
 2008: Küçük Kadınlar
 2009: Güneşi Gördüm
 2009: Hırçın Kız Kadife

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 TSA´de Kâmil Sönmez

Ordu'da defnedilenler
1947 doğumlular
Ordu doğumlu sanatçılar
2012 yılında ölenler
20. yüzyılda Türk erkek oyuncular
Türk erkek dizi oyuncuları
Türk halk müziği sanatçıları
Karadeniz müziği sanatçıları
Türk erkek sinema oyuncuları
Devlet Sanatçıları
Beyin kanamasından ölenler
Böbrek yetmezliğinden ölenler
Gürcü asıllı Türkler

Kâmil Sönmez


Nenad Tomić (Tuzla, 1959.), hrv. bh. kazališni glumac

Životopis
Rodio se u Tuzli 1959. godine. U Sarajevu je od 1980. do 1985. godine studirao novinarstvo.
Ranih osamdesetih glumio je u Amaterskom kazalištu Husino, gdje su mu bili glumački početci. Prve je nagrade osvojio na festivalu s Čehovljevom Prosidbom u režiji Vlade Keroševića. Zaposlio se u Narodnom kazalištu u Tuzli, ali ne kao glumac nego kao djelatnik u marketinškoj službi. Uskakao je u predstave ako se radilo o manje zahtjevnoj službi ili kad bi nedostajalo mlađih glumaca. Bile su to predstave: Bosanski kralj, Kuća oplakana, Brutov nož i dr. Odsluživši vojni rok, direktor mu je ponudio profesionalni angažman u glumačkom ansamblu. Godine 1987. postao je stalnim članom Narodnog kazališta u Tuzli. Prva uloga bila mu je uloga sina u Dervišu i smrti, pa je glumio krijumčara u Crnoj rupi. Tomić još ističe uloge u Zmaju od Bosne i Maratonci trče počasni krug. Prvu glavnu ulogu dobio je početkom agresije na BiH. Bilo je to u djelu Hamzine ujdurme, pa Mati, Muž moje žene, Kako voli druga strana, Julije Cezar, Ifigenija i dr. Povremeno je angažiran u Teatru kabareu i Hrvatskom teatru Solima. Za rata u BiH s kolegama Milenkom Iliktarevićem, Melihom Fakić i Nerminom Omićem iznio je repertoar Narodnog kazališta u Tuzli, u kojem je profesionalno angažiran preko 30 godina. 2005. godine promaknut je u prvaka drame Narodnog kazališta Tuzle.

Izvori

Životopisi, Tuzla
Husino
Bosanskohercegovački kazališni glumci

Nenad Tomić


Filme americane din 1925 — Filme americane din 1926 — Filme americane din 1927

Aceasta este o listă de filme americane din 1926:

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Scurtmetraje

Referințe

Legături externe

Listă de filme americane din 1926 la Internet Movie Database

 *Listă
america
Liste de filme americane

Listă de filme americane din 1926


بلدية بورغوهوندو (بالإسبانية: Burgohondo) هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة آبلة التابعة لمنطقة قشتالة وليون وسط إسبانيا.

الديموغرافيا
يبلغ عدد سكان بلدية بورغوهوندو 1.278 نسمة عام 2011 (وفقاً للمعهد الوطني للإحصاء الإسباني).

مراجع

مصادر
  الموقع الرسمي لبلدية بورغوهوندو

أماكن مأهولة في آبلة
بلديات آبلة

بورغوهوندو


පරිඝණක ක්ෂේත්‍රයට සම්බන්ධ බහු ජාතික සමාගමක් වන ඔරකල් ආයතනය ඇමරිකාව ප්‍රමුඛ කරගත් ආයතනයකි. ඇමරිකා එක්සත් ජනපදයේ, කැලිෆෝනියා ප්‍රාන්තයේ ඇති ජනාකීර්ණ නගරයක් වන රෙඩ්වුඩ් සිටි හි ප්‍රධාන කාර්යාලය පිහිටුවා ඇත.

සමාගම්
තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණය

ඔරකල් ආයතනය


The First Battle of Ypres (;   –  was a battle of the First World War, fought on the Western Front around Ypres, in West Flanders, Belgium. The battle was part of the First Battle of Flanders, in which German, French, Belgian armies and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) fought from Arras in France to Nieuwpoort (Nieuport) on the Belgian coast, from 10 October to mid-November. The battles at Ypres began at the end of the Race to the Sea, reciprocal attempts by the German and Franco-British armies to advance past the northern flank of their opponents. North of Ypres, the fighting continued in the Battle of the Yser  between the German 4th Army, the Belgian army and French marines.

The fighting has been divided into five stages, an encounter battle from 19 to 21 October, the Battle of Langemarck from 21 to 24 October, the battles at La Bassée and Armentières to 2 November, coincident with more Allied attacks at Ypres and the Battle of Gheluvelt  a fourth phase with the last big German offensive, which culminated at the Battle of Nonne Bosschen on 11 November, then local operations which faded out in late November. Brigadier-General James Edmonds, the British official historian, wrote in the History of the Great War, that the II Corps battle at La Bassée could be taken as separate but that the battles from Armentières to Messines and Ypres, were better understood as one battle in two parts, an offensive by III Corps and the Cavalry Corps from 12 to 18 October against which the Germans retired and an offensive by the German 6th Army and 4th Army from 19 October  to 2 November, which from 30 October, took place mainly north of the Lys, when the battles of Armentières and Messines merged with the Battles of Ypres.

Attacks by the BEF (Field Marshal Sir John French) the Belgians and the French Eighth Army in Belgium made little progress beyond Ypres. The German 4th and 6th Armies took small amounts of ground, at great cost to both sides, during the Battle of the Yser and further south at Ypres. General Erich von Falkenhayn, head of the  (OHL, the German General Staff), then tried a limited offensive to capture Ypres and Mont Kemmel (Kemmelberg), from 19 October to 22 November. Neither side had moved forces to Flanders fast enough to obtain a decisive victory and by November both sides were exhausted. The armies were short of ammunition, suffering from low morale and some infantry units refused orders. The autumn battles in Flanders had become static, attrition operations, unlike the battles of manoeuvre in the summer. French, British and Belgian troops, in improvised field defences, repulsed German attacks for four weeks. From 21 to 23 October, German reservists had made mass attacks at Langemarck (Langemark), with losses of up to  to little effect.

Warfare between mass armies, equipped with the weapons of the Industrial Revolution and its later developments, proved to be indecisive, because field fortifications neutralised many classes of offensive weapon. The defensive firepower of artillery and machine guns dominated the battlefield and the ability of the armies to supply themselves and replace casualties prolonged battles for weeks. Thirty-four German divisions fought in the Flanders battles, against twelve French, nine British and six Belgian divisions, along with marines and dismounted cavalry. Over the winter, Falkenhayn reconsidered Germany strategy because  and the imposition of a dictated peace on France and Russia had exceeded German resources. Falkenhayn devised a new strategy to detach either Russia or France from the Allied coalition through diplomacy as well as military action. A strategy of attrition () would make the cost of the war too great for the Allies, until one dropped out and made a separate peace. The remaining belligerents would have to negotiate or face the Germans concentrated on the remaining front, which would be sufficient for Germany to inflict a decisive defeat.

Background

Strategic developments

Eastern Front

On 9 October, the First German offensive against Warsaw began with the battles of Warsaw (9–19 October) and Ivangorod (9–20 October). Four days later, Przemyśl was relieved by the advancing Austro-Hungarians and the Battle of Chyrow  began in Galicia. Czernowitz in Bukovina was re-occupied by the Austro-Hungarian army on 22 August and then lost again to the Russian army on 28 October. On 29 October, the Ottoman Empire commenced hostilities against Russia, when Turkish warships bombarded Odessa, Sevastopol and Theodosia. Next day Stanislau in Galicia was taken by Russian forces and the Serbian army began a retreat from the line of the Drina. On 4 November, the Russian army crossed the frontier of Turkey-in-Asia and seized Azap.

Britain and France declared war on Turkey on 5 November and next day, Keupri-Keni in Armenia was captured, during the Bergmann Offensive (2–16 November) by the Russian army. On 10 October, Przemysl was surrounded again by the Russian army, beginning the Second Siege; Memel in East Prussia was occupied by the Russians a day later. Keupri-Keni was recaptured by the Ottoman army on 14 November, the Sultan proclaimed Jihad, next day the Battle of Cracow (15 November – 2 December) began and the Second Russian Invasion of North Hungary (15 November – 12 December) commenced. The Second German Offensive against Warsaw opened with the Battle of Łódź (16 November – 15 December).

Great Retreat

The Great Retreat was a long withdrawal by the French and British armies to the Marne, from 24 August to 28 September 1914, after the success of the German armies in the Battle of the Frontiers  After the defeat of the French Fifth Army at the Battle of Charleroi (21 August) and the BEF in the Battle of Mons (23 August), both armies made a rapid retreat to avoid envelopment. A counter-offensive by the French and the BEF at the First Battle of Guise  failed to end the German advance and the Franco-British retreat continued beyond the Marne. From 5 to 12 September, the First Battle of the Marne ended the retreat and forced the German armies to retire towards the Aisne river, where the First Battle of the Aisne was fought  from 13 to 28 September.

Tactical developments

Flanders

After the retreat of the French Fifth Army and the BEF, local operations took place from August–October. General Fournier was ordered on 25 August to defend the fortress at Maubeuge, which was surrounded two days later by the German VII Reserve Corps. Maubeuge was defended by fourteen forts, a garrison of  territorials and  British and Belgian stragglers. The fortress blocked the main Cologne–Paris rail line, leaving only the line from Trier to Liège, Brussels, Valenciennes and Cambrai open to the Germans, which was needed to carry supplies southward to the armies on the Aisne and transport troops of the 6th Army northwards from Lorraine to Flanders. On 7 September, the garrison surrendered, after super-heavy artillery from the Siege of Namur demolished the forts. The Germans took  and captured  Small detachments of the Belgian, French and British armies conducted operations in Belgium and northern France, against German cavalry and Jäger.

On 27 August, a squadron of the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) flew to Ostend, for reconnaissance sorties between Bruges, Ghent and Ypres. Royal Marines landed at Dunkirk on the night of  and on 28 September, a battalion occupied Lille. The rest of the brigade occupied Cassel on 30 September and scouted the country in motor cars; an RNAS Armoured Car Section was created, by fitting vehicles with bullet-proof steel. On 2 October, the Marine Brigade was sent to Antwerp, followed by the rest of the 63rd (Royal Naval) Division on 6 October, having landed at Dunkirk on the night of  From 6 to 7 October, the 7th Division and the 3rd Cavalry Division landed at Zeebrugge. Naval forces collected at Dover were formed into a separate unit, which became the Dover Patrol, to operate in the Channel and off the French-Belgian coast.

BEF
In late September, Marshal Joseph Joffre and Field Marshal John French discussed the transfer of the BEF from the Aisne to Flanders, to unify British forces on the Continent, shorten the British lines of communication from England and to defend Antwerp and the Channel Ports. Despite the inconvenience of British troops crossing French lines of communication, when French forces were moving north after the Battle of the Aisne, Joffre agreed subject to a proviso, that French would make individual British units available for operations as soon as they arrived. On the night of  the transfer of the BEF from the Aisne front began in great secrecy. Marches were made at night and billeted troops were forbidden to venture outside in daylight. On 3 October, a German wireless message was intercepted, which showed that the BEF was still believed to be on the Aisne.

II Corps moved from the night of  and III Corps followed from 6 October, leaving a brigade behind with I Corps, which stayed until the night of  II Corps arrived around Abbeville from 8 to 9 October and concentrated to the north-east around Gennes-Ivergny, Gueschart, Le Boisle and Raye, preparatory to an advance on Béthune. The 2nd Cavalry Division arrived at St Pol and Hesdin on 9 October and the 1st Cavalry Division arrived a day later. GHQ left Fère-en-Tardenois and arrived at Saint-Omer on 13 October. III Corps began to assemble around Saint-Omer and Hazebrouck on 11 October, then moved behind the left flank of II Corps, to advance on Bailleul and Armentières. I Corps arrived at Hazebrouck on 19 October and moved eastwards to Ypres.

Race to the Sea

After a tour of the front on 15 September, the new chief of the German General Staff (Oberste Heeresleitung, OHL), General Erich von Falkenhayn planned to continue the withdrawal of the right flank of the German armies in France from the Aisne, to gain time for a strategic regrouping, by moving the 6th Army from Lorraine. A decisive result (), was intended to come from the offensive of the 6th Army but on 18 September, French attacks endangered the German northern flank instead and the 6th Army used the first units from Lorraine to repulse the French as a preliminary. The French used undamaged rail and communications networks, to move troops faster than the Germans but neither side could begin a decisive attack, having to send units forward piecemeal, against reciprocal attacks of the opponent, in the Race to the Sea (The name is a misnomer, because neither side raced to the sea but tried to outflank their opponent before they reached it and ran out of room.)

A German attack on 24 September, forced the French onto the defensive and Joffre reinforced the northern flank of the Second Army. As BEF units arrived, operations began piecemeal on the northern flank; the Belgian army refused a request by Joffre to leave the National redoubt of Belgium and sortie against German communications. A Franco-British offensive was substituted towards Lille and Antwerp. The allied troops managed to advance towards Lille and the Lys river but were stopped by German attacks in the opposite direction on 20 October. The "race" ended on the Belgian coast around 17 October, when the last open area from Diksmuide to the North Sea, was occupied by Belgian troops withdrawing from Antwerp after the Siege of Antwerp (28 September – 10 October). The outflanking attempts resulted in indecisive encounter battles through Artois and Flanders, at the Battle of La Bassée  the Battle of Messines  and the Battle of Armentières

Prelude

Terrain
The far north of France and the north-west Belgium are known as Flanders. West of a line between Arras and Calais in the north-west are chalk downlands, covered with soil sufficient for arable farming. East of the line, the land declines in a series of spurs into the Flanders plain, bounded by canals linking Douai, Béthune, Saint-Omer and Calais. To the south-east, canals run between Lens, Lille, Roubaix and Courtrai, the Lys river from Courtrai to Ghent and to the north-west lies the sea. The plain is almost flat, apart from a line of low hills from Cassel, eastwards to Mont des Cats, Mont Noir, Mont Rouge, Scherpenberg and Mont Kemmel. From Kemmel, a low ridge lies to the north-east, declining in elevation past Ypres through Wytschaete (Wijtschate), Gheluvelt and Passchendaele (Passendale), curving north then north-west to Diksmuide where it merges with the plain. A coastal strip is about  wide, near sea level and fringed by sand dunes. Inland the ground is mainly meadow, cut by canals, dykes, drainage ditches and roads built up on causeways. The Lys, Yser and upper Scheldt are canalised and between them, the water level underground is close to the surface, rises further in the autumn and fills any dip, the sides of which then collapse. The ground surface quickly turns to a consistency of cream cheese and on the coast movement is confined to roads, except during frosts.

In the rest of the Flanders Plain were woods and small fields, divided by hedgerows planted with trees and fields cultivated from small villages and farms. The terrain was difficult for infantry operations because of the lack of observation, impossible for mounted action because of the many obstructions and awkward for artillery because of the limited view. South of La Bassée Canal around Lens and Béthune was a coal-mining district full of slagheaps, pitheads () and miners' houses (). North of the canal, the city of Lille, Tourcoing and Roubaix formed a manufacturing complex, with outlying industries at Armentières, Comines, Halluin and Menin (Menen), along the Lys river, with isolated sugar beet and alcohol refineries and a steelworks near Aire-sur-la-Lys. Intervening areas were agricultural, with wide roads, which in France were built on shallow foundations or were unpaved mud tracks. Narrow  roads ran along the frontier and inside Belgium. In France, the roads were closed by the local authorities during thaws to preserve the surface and marked by  signs, which were ignored by British lorry drivers. The difficulty of movement after the end of summer absorbed much of the labour available on road maintenance, leaving field defences to be built by front-line soldiers.

Tactics
In October, Herbert Kitchener, the British Secretary of State for War, forecast a long war and placed orders for the manufacture of a large number of field, medium and heavy guns and howitzers, sufficient to equip a  army. The order was soon increased by the War Office but the rate of shell manufacture had an immediate effect on operations. While the BEF was still on the Aisne front, ammunition production for field guns and howitzers was  a month and only  per month were being manufactured for  guns; the War Office sent another  guns to France during October. As the contending armies moved north into Flanders, the flat terrain and obstructed view, caused by the number of buildings, industrial concerns, tree foliage and field boundaries, forced changes in British artillery methods. Lack of observation was remedied in part by decentralising artillery to infantry brigades and by locating the guns in the front line but this made them more vulnerable and several batteries were overrun in the fighting between Arras and Ypres. Devolving control of the guns made concentrated artillery-fire difficult to arrange, because of a lack of field telephones and the obscuring of signal flags by mists and fog.

Co-operation with French forces to share the British heavy artillery was implemented and discussions with French gunners led to a synthesis of the French practice of firing a field artillery  (squall) before infantry moved to the attack and then ceasing fire, with the British preference for direct fire at observed targets, which was the beginning of the development of creeping barrages. During the advance of the III Corps and an attack on Méteren, the 4th Division issued divisional artillery orders, which stressed the concentration of the fire of the artillery, although during the battle the gunners fired on targets of opportunity, since German positions were so well camouflaged. As the fighting moved north into Belgian Flanders, the artillery found that Shrapnel shells had little effect on buildings and called for high explosive ammunition. During a general attack on 18 October, the German defenders achieved a defensive success, due to the disorganised nature of the British attacks, which only succeeded where close artillery support was available. The unexpected strength of the German 4th Army opposite, compounded British failings, although the partly trained, poorly led and badly equipped German reserve corps suffered high casualties.

German tactics developed during the battles around Ypres, with cavalry still effective during the early manoeuvring, although just as hampered by hedges and fenced fields, railway lines and urban growth as the Allied cavalry, which made the ground far better suited to defensive battle. German accounts stress the accuracy of Allied sniper fire, which led troops to remove the spike from Pickelhaube helmets and for officers to carry rifles to be less conspicuous. Artillery remained the main infantry-killer, particularly French 75 mm field guns, firing shrapnel at ranges lower than . Artillery in German reserve units was far less efficient, due to lack of training and shells often fell short. In the lower ground between Ypres and the higher ground to the south-east and east, the ground was drained by many streams and ditches, divided into small fields with high hedges and ditches, roads were unpaved and the area was dotted with houses and farmsteads. Observation was limited by trees and open spaces could be commanded from covered positions and made untenable by small-arms and artillery fire. As winter approached, the views became more open as woods and copses were cut down by artillery bombardments and the ground became much softer, particularly in the lower-lying areas.

Plans

The French, Belgian and British forces in Flanders had no organisation for unified command but General Foch had been appointed  on 4 October by Joffre. The Belgian army managed to save  from Antwerp and retire to the Yser and although not formally in command of British and Belgian forces, Foch obtained co-operation from both contingents. On 10 October, Foch and French agreed to combine French, British and Belgian forces north and east of Lille, from the Lys to the Scheldt. Foch planned a joint advance from Ypres to Nieuwpoort, towards a line from Roeselare (Roulers), Thourout and Gistel, just south of Ostend. Foch intended to isolate the German III Reserve Corps, which was advancing from Antwerp, from the main German force in Flanders. French and Belgian forces were to push the Germans back against the sea, as French and British forces turned south-east and closed up to the Lys river from Menin to Ghent, to cross the river and attack the northern flank of the German armies.

Falkenhayn sent the 4th Army headquarters to Flanders, to take over the III Reserve Corps and its heavy artillery, twenty batteries of heavy field howitzers, twelve batteries of 210 mm howitzers and six batteries of 100 mm guns, after the Siege of Antwerp  The XXII, XXIII, XXVI and XXVII Reserve corps, of the six new reserve corps formed from volunteers after the outbreak of the war, were ordered from Germany to join the III Reserve Corps on 8 October. The German reserve corps infantry were poorly trained and ill-equipped but on 10 October, Falkenhayn issued a directive that the 4th Army was to cross the Yser, advance regardless of losses and isolate Dunkirk and Calais, then turn south towards Saint-Omer. With the 6th Army to the south, which was to deny the Allies an opportunity to establish a secure front and transfer troops to the north, the 4th Army was to inflict an annihilating blow on the French, Belgian and BEF forces in French and Belgian Flanders.

Battle of the Yser

French, British and Belgian troops covered the Belgian and British withdrawal from Antwerp towards Ypres and the Yser from Diksmuide to Nieuwpoort, on a  front. The new German 4th Army was ordered to capture Dunkirk and Calais, by attacking from the coast to the junction with the 6th Army. German attacks began on 18 October, coincident with the battles around Ypres and gained a foothold over the Yser at Tervaete. The French 42nd Division at Nieuwpoort detached a brigade to reinforce the Belgians and German heavy artillery was countered on the coast, by Allied ships under British command, which bombarded German artillery positions and forced the Germans to attack further inland. On 24 October, the Germans attacked fifteen times and managed to cross the Yser on a  front. The French sent the rest of the 42nd Division to the centre but on 26 October, the Belgian Commander Félix Wielemans, ordered the Belgian army to retreat, until over-ruled by the Belgian king. Next day sluice gates on the coast at Nieuwpoort were opened, which flooded the area between the Yser and the railway embankment, running north from Diksmuide. On 30 October, German troops crossed the embankment at Ramscapelle (Ramskapelle) but as the waters rose, were forced back the following evening. The floods reduced the fighting to local operations, which diminished until the end of the battle on 30 November.

Battle

Battle of Langemarck
The Battle of Langemarck took place from 21 to 24 October, after an advance by the German 4th and 6th armies which began on 19 October, as the left flank of the BEF began advancing towards Menin and Roeselare. On 20 October, Langemarck (Langemark), north-east of Ypres, was held by a French territorial unit and the British IV corps to the south. I Corps (Lieutenant-General Douglas Haig) was due to arrive with orders to attack on 21 October. On 21 October, it had been cloudy and attempts to reconnoitre the German positions during the afternoon had not observed any German troops movements; the arrival of four new German reserve corps was discovered by prisoner statements, wireless interception and the increasing power of German attacks;  infantry corps were now known to be north of the Lys, along with the four cavalry corps, against  British divisions and five allied cavalry divisions. The British attack made early progress but the 4th army began a series of attacks, albeit badly organised and poorly supported. The German 6th and 4th armies attacked from Armentières to Messines and Langemarck. The British IV Corps was attacked around Langemarck, where the 7th Division was able to repulse German attacks and I Corps was able to make a short advance.

Further north, French cavalry was pushed back to the Yser by the XXIII Reserve Corps and by nightfall was dug in from the junction with the British at Steenstraat to the vicinity of Diksmuide, the boundary with the Belgian army. The British closed the gap with a small number of reinforcements and on 23 October, the French IX Corps took over the north end of the Ypres salient, relieving I Corps with the 17th Division. Kortekeer Cabaret was recaptured by the 1st Division and the 2nd Division was relieved. Next day, I Corps had been relieved and the 7th Division lost Polygon Wood temporarily. The left flank of the 7th Division was taken over by the 2nd Division, which joined in the counter-attack of the French IX Corps on the northern flank towards Roeselare and Torhout, as the fighting further north on the Yser impeded German attacks around Ypres. German attacks were made on the right flank of the 7th Division at Gheluvelt. The British sent the remains of I Corps to reinforce IV Corps. German attacks from 25 to 26 October were made further south, against the 7th Division on the Menin Road and on 26 October part of the line crumbled until reserves were scraped up to block the gap and avoid a rout.

Battle of Gheluvelt
On 28 October, as the 4th Army attacks bogged down, Falkenhayn responded to the costly failures of the 4th and 6th armies by ordering the armies to conduct holding attacks while a new force,  (General Max von Fabeck) was assembled from XV Corps and the II Bavarian Corps, the 26th Division and the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division, under the XIII Corps headquarters. The  was rushed up to Deûlémont and Werviq (Wervik), the boundary between the 6th and 4th armies, to attack towards Ypres and Poperinge. Strict economies were imposed on the 6th Army formations further south, to provide artillery ammunition for  guns supporting an attack to the north-west, between Gheluvelt and Messines. The XV Corps was to attack on the right flank, south of the Menin–Ypres road to the Comines–Ypres canal and the main effort was to come from there to Garde Dieu by the II Bavarian Corps, flanked by the 26th Division.

On 29 October, attacks by the XXVII Reserve Corps began against I Corps north of the Menin Road, at dawn, in thick fog. By nightfall, the Gheluvelt crossroads had been lost and  prisoners taken. French attacks further north, by the 17th Division, 18th Division and 31st Division recaptured Bixschoote and Kortekeer Cabaret. Advances by  to the south-west against I Corps and the dismounted Cavalry Corps further south, came to within  of Ypres along the Menin road and brought the town into range of German artillery. On 30 October, German attacks by the 54th Reserve Division and the 30th Division, on the left flank of the BEF at Gheluvelt, were repulsed but the British were pushed out of Zandvoorde, Hollebeke and Hollebeke Château as German attacks on a line from Messines to Wytschaete and St Yves were repulsed. The British rallied opposite Zandvoorde with French reinforcements and "Bulfin's Force" a command improvised for the motley of troops. The BEF had many casualties and used all its reserves but the French IX Corps sent its last three battalions and retrieved the situation in the I Corps sector. On 31 October, German attacks near Gheluvelt broke through until a counter-attack by the 2nd Worcestershire restored the situation.

Battle of Nonne Bosschen

The French XVI Corps reached the area from St Eloi to Wytschaete on 1 November, to reinforce the cavalry Corps and the IX Corps attacked further north near Becelaere (Beselare), which relieved the German pressure on both flanks of I Corps. By 3 November,  had lost  in five days and of  battalions in the BEF which had come to France with about  and men each,  fewer than  of which  were under  strong, despite receiving replacements up to 28 October. Foch planned an offensive towards Messines and Langemarck for 6 November, to expand the salient around Ypres. The attack was forestalled by German attacks on the flanks from 5 to 9 November. On 9 November, the Germans attacked the French and Belgians between Langemarck and Diksmuide, forcing them back to the Yser, where the Belgians blew the crossings. After a lull, the German attacks resumed in great force from 10 to 11 November, mainly on the 4th Army front from Langemarck to Diksmuide. On 10 November,  German divisions of the 4th and 6th Armies,  and XXVII Reserve Corps attacked from Nonne Bosschen (Nun's Copse) and the edge of Polygon Wood, to Gheluvelt and across the Menin Road to Shrewsbury Forest in the south.

On 11 November, the Germans attacked from Messines to Herenthage, Veldhoek woods, Nonne Bosschen and Polygon Wood. Massed small-arms fire repulsed German attacks between Polygon Wood and Veldhoek. The German 3rd Division and 26th Division broke through to St Eloi and advanced to Zwarteleen, some  east of Ypres, where they were checked by the British 7th Cavalry Brigade. The remains of II Corps from La Bassée, held a  front, with  and  against  battalions with  The British were forced back by the German 4th Division and British counter-attacks were repulsed. Next day, an unprecedented bombardment fell on British positions in the south of the salient between Polygon Wood and Messines. German troops broke through along the Menin road but could not be supported and the advance was contained by 13 November. Both sides were exhausted by these efforts; German casualties around Ypres had reached about  and BEF losses, August – 30 November, were   Ypres). The Belgian army had been reduced by half and the French had lost  by September,  having been killed by the end of the year.

Local operations, 12–22 November

The weather became much colder, with rain from 12 to 14 November and a little snow on 15 November. Night frosts followed and on 20 November, the ground was covered by snow. Frostbite cases appeared and the physical strain increased, among troops occupying trenches half-full of freezing water, falling asleep standing up and being sniped at and bombed from opposing trenches  away. On 12 November, a German attack surprised the French IX Corps and the British 8th Division arrived at the front on 13 November and more attacks were made on the II Corps front from 14 November. Between  I Corps was relieved by the French IX and XVI corps and the British line was reorganised. On 16 November, Foch agreed with French to take over the line from Zonnebeke to the Ypres–Comines canal. The new British line ran  from Wytschaete to the La Bassée Canal at Givenchy. The Belgians held  and the French defended some  of the new Western front. On 17 November, Albrecht ordered the 4th Army to cease its attacks; the III Reserve Corps and XIII Corps were ordered to move the Eastern Front, which was discovered by the Allies on 20 November.

Aftermath

Analysis

Both sides had tried to advance after the "open" northern flank had disappeared, the Franco-British towards Lille in October, followed by attacks by the BEF, Belgians and a new French Eighth Army in Belgium. The German 4th and 6th armies took small amounts of ground at great cost to both sides, at the Battle of the Yser  and further south at the Battles of Ypres. Falkenhayn then tried a limited goal of capturing Ypres and Mont Kemmel, from 19 October to 22 November. By 8 November, Falkenhayn had accepted that the coastal advance had failed and that taking Ypres was impossible. Neither side had moved forces to Flanders fast enough to obtain a decisive victory and both were exhausted, short of ammunition and suffering from collapses in morale, with some infantry units refusing orders. The autumn battles in Flanders had quickly become static, attrition operations, unlike the battles of manoeuvre in the summer. French, British and Belgian troops in improvised field defences repulsed German attacks for four weeks in mutually costly attacks and counter-attacks. From 21 to 23 October, German reservists had made mass attacks at Langemarck, with losses of up to seventy per cent.

Industrial warfare between mass armies had been indecisive; troops could only move forward over heaps of dead. Field fortifications had neutralised many classes of offensive weapon and the defensive firepower of artillery and machine-guns had dominated the battlefield; the ability of the armies to supply themselves and replace casualties kept battles going for weeks. The German armies engaged  in the Flanders battles, the French twelve, the British nine and the Belgians six, along with marines and dismounted cavalry. Falkenhayn reconsidered German strategy;  and a dictated peace against France and Russia had been shown to be beyond German resources. Falkenhayn intended to detach Russia or France from the Allied coalition, by diplomatic as well as military action. A strategy of attrition (), would make the cost of the war was too great for the Allies to bear, until one enemy negotiated an end to the war. The remaining belligerents would have to come to terms or face the German army concentrated on the remaining front and capable of obtaining a decisive victory.

Mad minute
In 2010, Jack Sheldon wrote that a "mad minute" of accurate rapid rifle-fire, was held to have persuaded German troops that they were opposed by machine-guns. This was a false notion, picked out of a translation of  (1918), which the official historians used, in lieu of authoritative sources, during the writing of the 1914 volumes of the British History of the Great War, the first editions of which were published in 1922 and 1925,

Sheldon wrote that the translation was inaccurate and ignored many references to the combined fire of rifles and machine-guns,

typical of German regimental histories. The British fired short bursts at close range, to conserve ammunition. Sheldon also wrote that German troops knew the firing characteristics of machine-guns and kept still until French Hotchkiss M1909 and Hotchkiss M1914 machine-guns, which had ammunition in  strips, were reloading.

Sheldon wrote that a German description of the fate of the new reserve corps as a  (massacre of the innocents), in a communiqué of 11 November 1914, was misleading. Claims that up to  of the manpower of the reserve corps were student volunteers, who attacked while singing Deutschland über alles began a myth. After the war, most regiments which had fought in Flanders, referred to the singing of songs on the battlefield, a practice only plausible when used to identify units at night. In 1986, Unruh, wrote that  had been enrolled in six reserve corps, four of which had been sent to Flanders, leaving a maximum of  of the reserve corps operating in Flanders made up of volunteers. Only  of German casualties at Ypres were young and inexperienced student reservists, others being active soldiers, older members of the Landwehr and army reservists. Reserve Infantry Regiment 211 had  in active service,  of the reserve, which was composed of former soldiers from 23 to 28 years old,  who were inexperienced and probably 18 to 20 years old,  (former soldiers from 28 to 39 years old, released from the reserve) and one  (enrolled but inexperienced).

Casualties

In 1925, the British official historian, James Edmonds, recorded that the Belgians had suffered a great number of casualties from 15 to 25 October, including  British casualties from 14 October to 30 November were  casualties were  and of  casualties in Belgium and northern France, from 15 October to 24 November,  were incurred on the front from the Lys to Gheluvelt, from  30 October to 24 November. In 2003, Ian Beckett recorded  casualties,  casualties,  losses and  casualties. In 2010, Jack Sheldon recorded  casualties,  casualties, that the French had many losses and that the Belgian army had been reduced to a shadow. Sheldon also noted that Colonel Fritz von Lossberg had recorded that up to 3 November, casualties in the 4th Army were  and that the 6th Army had suffered   of which had occurred in  from 30 October to 3 November.

Subsequent operations

Winter operations from November 1914 to February 1915 in the Ypres area, took place in the Attack on Wytschaete (14 December). A reorganisation of the defence of Flanders had been carried out by the Franco-British from 15 to 22 November, which left the BEF holding a homogeneous front from Givenchy to Wytschaete  to the north. Joffre arranged for a series of attacks on the Western Front, after receiving information that German divisions were moving to the Russian Front. The Eighth Army was ordered to attack in Flanders and French was asked to participate with the BEF on 14 December. Joffre wanted the British to attack along all of the BEF front and especially from Warneton to Messines, as the French attacked from Wytschaete to Hollebeke. French gave orders to attack from the Lys to Warneton and Hollebeke with II and III Corps, as IV and Indian corps conducted local operations, to fix the Germans to their front.

French emphasised that the attack would begin on the left flank, next to the French and that units must not move ahead of each other. The French and the 3rd Division were to capture Wytschaete and Petit Bois, then Spanbroekmolen was to be taken by II Corps attacking from the west and III Corps from the south, only the 3rd Division making a maximum effort. On the right the 5th Division was only to pretend to attack and III Corps was to make demonstrations, as the corps was holding a  front and could do no more. On the left, the French XVI Corps failed to reach its objectives and the 3rd Division got to within  of the German line and found uncut wire. One battalion took  of the German front trench and took  The failure of the attack on Wytschaete resulted in the attack further south being cancelled but German artillery retaliation was much heavier than the British bombardment.

Desultory attacks were made from 15 to 16 December which, against intact German defences and deep mud, made no impression. On 17 December, XVI and II corps did not attack, the French IX Corps sapped forward a short distance down the Menin road and small gains were made at Klein Zillebeke and Bixschoote. Joffre ended attacks in the north, except for operations at Arras and requested support from French who ordered attacks on 18 December along the British front, then restricted the attacks to support of XVI Corps by II Corps and demonstrations by II Corps and the Indian Corps. Fog impeded the Arras attack and a German counter-attack against XVI Corps led II Corps to cancel its supporting attack. Six small attacks were made by the 8th, 7th, 4th and Indian divisions, which captured little ground, all of which was found to be untenable due to mud and water-logging; Franco-British attacks in Flanders ended.

Notes

Footnotes

References

Further reading

Books

Journals

Websites

External links

 Spencer Jones Battles of Ypres
 Tommy's Gazetteer of French and Belgian Place Names
 General Joffre's report
 Battles: The First Battle of Ypres, 1914
 Situation map 19 October 1914
 Situation map 19 November 1914
 Der Weltkrieg situation map, November 1914

Conflicts in 1914
Battles of World War I involving France
Battles of World War I involving Germany
Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
Battles of World War I involving Belgium
Battles of World War I involving British India
Battles of the Western Front (World War I)
1914 in Belgium
1914 in France
1914 in the United Kingdom
First Battle of Ypres
Ypres Salient
October 1914 events
November 1914 events

First Battle of Ypres


Loranum, arheološko nalazište u uvali Starom Trogiru, na području mjesta Vinišća, općina Marina,  zaštićeno kulturno dobro

Opis dobra
Vrijeme nastanka: 2. do 5. godina. U uvali Stari Trogir nalaze se dobro očuvani arhitektonski ostatci antičkog rimskodobnog kompleksa. Rimske građevine temeljene su na hridima uz more čiji se masivi pružaju dalje u more i kopno prema vinogradima. Orijentacija kompleksa određena je konfiguracijom terena smjera sjeverozapad-jugoistok. Visina zidova na cijelom kompleksu varira od 1 do 3m. Zidovi su građeni od priklesanog kamena, nepravilne su strukture, a povezani su čvrstom vapnenom i vodonepropusnom žbukom. Arheološko nalazište nije istraženo te nije moguće sa sigurnošću utvrditi njegovu namjenu.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-5302 zaveden je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "arheološka baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene kopnene arheološke zone i nalazišta u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Marina
Arheološki lokaliteti u Hrvatskoj

Loranum


Onthophagus laminosus é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus da família Scarabaeidae da ordem Coleoptera.

História
Foi descrita cientificamente pela primeira vez no ano de 1905 por D'Orbigny.

Referências

Ligações externas

laminosus
Coleópteros descritos em 1905

Onthophagus laminosus


Türk Hava Yolları uçuş noktaları,   ayı itibarıyla THY'nin (ve iştiraki Anadolujet'in) tarifeli olarak sefer gerçekleştirdiği destinasyonların listesidir. Listede Türk Hava Yolları'nın merkez havaalanları, yan merkez havaalanları, kargo servisleri, planlanan ve iptal edilen destinasyonlar ile birlikte şehir, ülke, IATA kodu, ICAO kodu ve havalimanının adı gibi bilgiler yer almaktadır. (AnadoluJet'in destinasyonlarına ayrıca bakmak için AnadoluJet uçuş noktaları listesi'ne gidiniz.)

Uçuş noktaları

Planlanan ve olası uçuş noktaları

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
THY 2013 Yaz Dönemi Tarifesi
THY Kargo 2013 Yaz Dönemi Tarifesi
THY Özel Durum Açıklamaları (2013)
THY Özel Durum Açıklamaları (2012)
THY Özel Durum Açıklamaları (2011)
THY Özel Durum Açıklamaları (2010)
THY Özel Durum Açıklamaları (2008)
"Turkish Cargo Network"
"Turkish Cargo Network - new"

Uçuş noktaları
Türkiye listeleri
Havayolu şirketleri uçuş noktaları listeleri

Türk Hava Yolları uçuş noktaları listesi


Imane Djamil, née le 29 février 1996, est une photographe marocaine.

Parcours
Née en 1996, passionnée très tôt par la photographie, elle commence à réaliser des photos à 12 ans.

Elle crée un blog pour présenter ses créations, bloque une rue de Casablanca avec son mobilier à titre de performance, est repérée par des médias, reçoit des commandes et voit ses créations exposées. En 2014, à 18 ans, elle est ainsi la plus jeune photographe sélectionnée par Jean-Hubert Martin et Moulim El Aroussi pour une exposition à l'Institut du monde arabe, à Paris, consacrée aux artistes du Maroc contemporain. En 2021, elle est l'une des trois photographes qui se voit attribuer le prix Nouvelles écritures de la photographie environnementale, un prix initié par le Festival Photo La Gacilly et la revue fisheye, et participe à la  de ce Festival Photo La Gacilly. Elle y expose un  deuxième travail consacré à la ville marocaine de Tarfaya, qu'elle a découverte par hasard en faisant la route de Casablanca à Dakhla. Une ville marquée par une présence britannique puis espagnole, et aujourd'hui un peu abandonnée, avec des parties de plus en plus ensablées et une ancienne forteresse espagnole, Casa del Mar, en ruine, recouverte par le sel de l'Océan. Ces photographies, dans cette série comme dans d'autres, sont entre documentaire et fiction, à travers un assemblage narratif

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en février 1996
Naissance à Casablanca
Photographe marocain
Personnalité féminine marocaine

Imane Djamil


Jacques Boston, né le  à Conakry (Guinée), est un évêque anglican et homme politique guinéen.

Il est évêque du diocèse anglican de Guinée depuis 2012 et membre du Conseil national de la transition depuis le .

Prix et reconnaissance
 2022 :  Grands Officiers de l'Ordre National du Kolatier.

Notes et références

Voir aussi
 Diocèse anglican de Guinée
 Conseil national de la transition

Personnalité liée à Conakry
Membre du Conseil national de transition guinéen de 2021
Naissance à Conakry

Jacques Boston


Prolaz Victoria ili Viktorijin prolaz morski je prolaz koji se nalazi u Arktičkom oceanu i dio je kanadskog teritorija Nunavut. Smješten je između Viktorijinog otoka na zapadu i Otoka King William na istoku. Na sjeveru povezuje Prolaz M'Clintock i Larsen Sound sa Zaljevom kraljice Maud na jugu. Dug je oko 160 kilometara i širok između 80 i 129 kilometara.

Prolaz je širok i u njemu se ne nalazi gotovo ni jedan otok osim većeg Otoka Royal Geographical Society u blizini Zaljeva kraljice Maud, na krajnjem jugu prolaza. Iako prolaz nikad nije podrobno premjeren, na određenim proučenim mjestima more je duboko svega deset metara. Brodovi do visine 9,1 metra mogu se kretati prolazom, no put otežava led. Tijekom većeg dijela godine prolaz je prekriven teškim ledom. Veći dio toga čini polarni led koji se iz Melvilleovog mora spustio u Prolaz Victoria niz Prolaz M'Clintock. Veće lomljenje leda u prolazu počinje u kasnom srpnju i nastavlja se do kraja rujna, kad se prolaz ponovno počinje zaleđivati.

U blizini ulaza u Viktorijin prolaz zarobljeni su brodovi HMS Terror i HMS Erebus tijekom ekspedicije Johna Franklina i napušteni su 1848. godine. Zbog opasnosti prolaza ekspedicija je pošla duljom rutom, odnosno putem koji je išao oko Otoka King William. Ta je ruta bila jednostavnija iako je more na tom području još pliće. Godine 1967. Viktorijin je prolaz prvi put iskorišten za putovanje kad je njime prošao ledolomac CCGS John A. Macdonald; taj je ledolomac putovao prema zapadnom Arktiku kako bi omogućio lakši prolaz brodovlju. Ponovno je njime prošao isti ledolomac 1975. godine, dok su 1976. njime prošli ledolomci CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent i CCGS J.E. Bernier.

Izvori

Tjesnaci Arktičkog oceana (Sjeverna Amerika)
Tjesnaci u Kanadi

Prolaz Victoria


Em estatística e aprendizado de máquina, vazamento (do inglês , também conhecido como vazamento de dados ou vazamento de alvo) é o uso de informações no processo de treinamento do modelo que não se esperaria que estivessem disponíveis no momento da previsão, fazendo com que as pontuações das predições (métricas) superestimem a utilidade que o modelo teria ao ser executado em um ambiente de produção.

O vazamento geralmente é sutil e indireto, dificultando a detecção e eliminação. O vazamento pode fazer com que um estatístico ou modelador selecione um modelo abaixo do ideal, que pode ser superado por um modelo sem vazamento.

Modos de vazamento
O vazamento pode ocorrer em muitas etapas do processo de aprendizado de máquina. As causas de vazamento podem ser subclassificadas em duas possíveis fontes de vazamento para um modelo: as características e os exemplos de treinamento.

Vazamento de características
O vazamento de características ou por colunas é causado pela inclusão de colunas que são uma das seguintes: uma duplicação do rótulo, um proxy para o rótulo ou o próprio rótulo. Essas características, conhecidas como anacronismos, não estarão disponíveis quando o modelo for usado para previsões e resultarão em vazamento se incluídos quando o modelo for treinado.

Por exemplo, incluindo uma coluna "SalárioMensal" ao prever "SalárioAnual"; ou "MinutosDeAtraso" ao prever "EstáAtrasado"; ou mais sutilmente "NúmeroDePagamentosAtrasados" ao prever "DeveriaFornecerEmpréstimo".

Vazamento de exemplos de treinamento
O vazamento por linhas é causado pelo compartilhamento inadequado de informações entre linhas de dados. Os tipos de vazamento por linha incluem:

 Construção prematura de características; vazamento por construção de características prematuramente antes da divisão de CV/Treino/Teste (deve-se ajustar MinMax/ngrams/etc apenas na divisão de treino, e depois transformar o conjunto de teste)
 Duplicar linhas entre treino/validação/teste (por exemplo, ao fazer a sobreamostragem de um conjunto de dados para ampliar seu tamanho antes da divisão; por exemplo, diferentes rotações/aumentações de uma única imagem; amostragem por bootstrap antes da divisão; ou duplicação de linhas para ampliar as amostras da classe minoritária)
 Dados não independentes e identicamente distribuídos
 Vazamento temporal (por exemplo, dividir um conjunto de dados de série temporal aleatoriamente em vez de colocar os dados mais recentes no conjunto de teste em uma divisão de treino e teste ou validação cruzada com origem deslizante)
 Vazamento de grupo -- não incluindo uma coluna de divisão de agrupamento (por exemplo, o grupo de Andrew Ng fez 100 mil radiografias de 30 mil pacientes, o que significa ~3 imagens por paciente. O jornal usou divisão aleatória em vez de garantir que todas as imagens de um paciente estivessem na mesma divisão. Assim, o modelo memorizou parcialmente os pacientes em vez de aprender a reconhecer pneumonia em radiografias de tórax.)

Para conjuntos de dados dependentes do tempo, a estrutura do sistema em estudo evolui ao longo do tempo (ou seja, é "não estacionário"). Isso pode introduzir diferenças sistemáticas entre os conjuntos de treinamento e validação. Por exemplo, se um modelo para prever o valores de ações for treinado em dados para um determinado período de cinco anos, não é realista tratar o período de cinco anos subsequente como uma amostra da mesma população. Como outro exemplo, suponha que um modelo seja desenvolvido para prever o risco de um indivíduo ser diagnosticado com uma determinada doença no próximo ano.

Ver também
 AutoML
 Validação cruzada
 Sobreajuste
 Reamostragem (estatística)
 Aprendizado supervisionado
 Conjuntos de treinamento, validação e teste

Aprendizagem de máquina
Classificação estatística

Vazamento de dados (aprendizagem de máquina)


El Bosque Rojo del Kubán (, Krasni Les) se trata de un bosque inundable protegido de 4 750 ha situado en la orilla derecha del río Kubán (poco después del nacimiento del distributario Anguélinski), 56 km al oeste de Krasnodar, en el raión de Krasnoarméiskaya del krai de Krasnodar, a los pies del Cáucaso Occidental en el suroeste de Rusia. En su centro se halla Krasni Les. Es una muestra de los bosques que desde las montañas cubrían el valle hasta la desembocadura.

Las principales especies de árboles en este bosque son el roble, el fresno, el arce, los carpes, el álamo, el peral o el manzano. Entre las especies arbustivas destacan el cornejo, el espino blanco, el viburnum o el rosal silvestre. A lo largo del río crecen las lysimachias.  Estos bosques son poblados por gamos europeos, corzos siberianos, jabalíes, zorros, martas y liebres. También es hogar demuchas aves. No está permitida la caza, más que controlada para la regulación de los niveles, disparando a los animales enfermos y viejos. No se permite el pastoreo ni ninguna actividad económica incluida la recolección de leña, setas o bayas.

Enlaces externos y referencias

Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Красный лес (Кубань).

Geografía del krai de Krasnodar
Ecología de Rusia
Bosques de Rusia

Bosque Rojo del Kubán


Tosno (în ) este un oraș și centru administrativ al raionului Tosno din regiunea Leningrad, Rusia, situat pe râul Tosna, la o distanță de 53 km sud-est de centrul orașului Sankt Petersburg. Populație: 39.101 (recensământul din 2010).

Istoric
Satul Tosno a fost menționat pentru prima dată în cronicile rusești din 1500. El făcea parte din Vodskaia Piatina, una dintre cele cinci piatine în care era împărțită Țara Novgorodului. În urma reformei administrative realizate în 1708 de Petru cel Mare, Tosno a fost inclus în Gubernia Ingermanland (cunoscută încă din 1710 ca Gubernia Sankt Petersburg). Dezvoltarea sa în secolele al XVIII-lea și al XIX-lea s-a datorat în principal poziției sale geografice pe drumul dintre cele două capitale ruse. Începând din 1774 a fost o stație de pe drumul poștal. În 1849 a fost inaugurată calea ferată care leagă Tosno cu St. Petersburg și Ciudovo. În secolul al XIX-lea, Tosno a făcut parte din Uezdul Sankt-Peterburg (redenumit în 1913 Uezdul Petrograd și în 1924 Uezdul Leningrad; gubernia a fost redenumită în consecință Petrograd în anul 1913 și Leningrad în 1924).

Uezdurile au fost desființate la 1 august 1927 și s-a format raionul Kolpino, cu centrul administrativ în orașul Kolpino. Guberniile au fost desființate, de asemenea, iar raionul a fost inclus în Okrugul Leningrad din Regiunea Leningrad. Tosno a făcut parte din raionul Kolpino. La 19 august 1930 a fost desființat raionul Kolpino și Tosno a devenit centrul administrativ al nou-înființatului raion Tosno. Pe 20 august 1935, Tosno a primit statutul de așezare de tip urban. În perioada 28 august 1941 - 26 ianuarie 1944, în timpul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial, Tosno a fost ocupat de trupele germane și distrus în mare parte, dar a fost reconstruit după război. Pe 1 februarie 1963, Tosno a primit statutul de oraș.

Statut administrativ și municipal
Din punct de vedere al organizării admninistrative, Tosno servește ca centru administrativ al raionului Tosno. Ca diviziune administrativă, el face parte, împreună cu optsprezece localități rurale, din raionul Tosno ca unitate municipală. Unitatea municipală Tosno este încorporată în raionul municipal Tosno ca așezarea urbană Tosno.

Economia

Industrie
O fabrică deținută de Caterpillar la Tosno produce camioane pentru transportul  materialelor de construcții din cariere. Există, de asemenea, mai multe întreprinderi din domeniul construcțiilor.

Transport

Autostrada M10 leagă Moscova de Sankt Petersburg, iar calea ferată Moscova–St. Petersburg trece prin oraș. O cale ferată care leagă Tosno de localitatea Șapki se ramifică spre est. O cale ferată leagă orașul Tosno cu calea ferată între Mga și Gatcina și este folosită de trenurile ce ocolesc Sankt Petersburg prin sud.

Există drumuri care leagă Tosno cu Șapki și Mga în est și cu Lisino-Korpus și Virița în vest.

Cultură și recreere
Orașul conține șapte obiective clasificate ca monumente de patrimoniul cultural și istoric de importanță locală. Ele rememorează evenimentele din cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial.

Tosno adăpostește Muzeul Raional Tosno, singurul muzeu de stat al raionului.

Persoane notabile
 Pavel Alandski, istoric și om de știință rus, născut în Tosno
 Maria Stepanova, jucătoare rusă de baschet, a crescut în Tosno

Orașe înfrățite
Tosno este înfrățit cu:
  Ballangen, Norvegia

Referințe

Note

Surse
 Законодательное собрание Ленинградской области. Областной закон №32-оз от 15 июня 2010 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ленинградской области и порядке его изменения», в ред. Областного закона №23-оз от 8 мая 2014 г. «Об объединении муниципальных образований "Приморское городское поселение" Выборгского района Ленинградской области и "Глебычевское сельское поселение" Выборгского района Ленинградской области и о внесении изменений в отдельные Областные законы». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вести", №112, 23 июня 2010 г.
 Законодательное собрание Ленинградской области. Областной закон №116-оз от 22 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципального образования Тосненский муниципальный район и муниципальных образований в его составе», в ред. Областного закона №17-оз от 6 мая 2010 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые областные законы в связи с принятием федерального закона "О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации в связи с совершенствованием организации местного самоуправления"». Вступил в силу через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования (9 января 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Вестник Правительства Ленинградской области", №44, 30 декабря 2004 г.

Orașe din regiunea Leningrad

Tosno


Hazan je kantor u sinagogi, glazbenik uvježban u vokalnoj umjetnosti koji pomaže voditi sinagogu u pjevanim molitvama. Naziva se još i predmolitelj. Prema babilonskom Talmudu, hazan mora biti obrazovan čovjek, skroman, prihvaćen od zajednice, uvježban u pjevanju i lijepa glasa, koji poznaje Svete spise, Mishnu i Talmud. Hazan za razliku od rabina nema mogućnost donošenja sudskih odluka odnosno rješenja pitanja židovskog prava. U svim drugim obrednim stvarima kao i u pitanjima vjerske poduke hazan praktično ima funkciju rabina.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Hazan

Židovi

Hazan


El norgestrel es una progestina usada en anticonceptivos hormonales. El norgestrel es una mezcla de dos estereoisómeros, dextro-norgestrel (CAS# 797-64-8) y levo-norgestrel (CAS# 797-63-7). Sólo el levonorgestrel es biológicamente activo. Por lo tanto, mientras algunos medicamentos podrían contener dextronorgestrel, con frecuencia se etiquetan sólo en términos de su contenido levonorgestrel, ignorando al isómero inerte.

Véase también
 Levonorgestrel
 Progestina

Progestágenos

Norgestrel


An Gastrodia gracilis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Ludwig von Blume. An Gastrodia gracilis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Gastrodia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Gastrodia

Gastrodia gracilis


Richard Covey may refer to:

 Richard O. Covey (born 1946), United States Air Force officer and former NASA astronaut
 Richard Covey (composer) (born 1979), Canadian composer

Richard Covey


FIFA Dünyada Yılın Futbolcusu ödülü dünyanın en prestijli futbol ödülüdür. Her yıl millî takımların teknik direktörleri ve kaptanları tarafından belirlenen puanlamaya göre ödül verilir. Bu ödülü en genç kazanan (20 yaşında) ve üst üste iki kez kazanan (1996-1997) futbolcu Brezilya'nın efsane futbolcusu Ronaldo'dur. Aynı zamanda Ronaldo bu ödülü 3 kez (1996-1997-2002) kazanmıştır. 5 Ocak 2010 tarihinde FIFA Başkanı Joseph Sepp Blatter ile Amaury Grup Başkanı Marie-Odile Amaury arasında imzalanan anlaşma ile FIFA Ballon d'Or ve FIFA Dünya Yılın Oyuncusu ödülleri birleştirilmiş, Ballon d'Or ödülü adını almıştır.

1995 yılına kadar sadece Avrupalı oyunculara verilen, bu tarihte ise diğer kıtalardan oyunculara da açılan Altın Top ödülünü Avrupa'nın dışında kazanan ülkeler; 2007'de Kaká, 2005'te Ronaldinho, 1999'da Rivaldo, 1996 ,1997 ve 2002'de Ronaldo ile Brezilya, değişikliğin gerçekleştiği yıl olan 1995'te George Weah ile Liberya ve 2009 yılında ödülü kazanan Lionel Messi olmuştur.

Kazananlar

Erkek Kazananların Listesi

2010'dan 2015'e kadar dünyanın en iyi oyuncusu FIFA Ballon d'Or'a layık görüldü. 2016'da FIFA, dünyanın en iyi oyuncusunu onurlandırmak için FIFA The Best ödülünü oluşturdu.

Oyuncuya göre

Ülkeye göre

Kulübe göre

Ülkelerine Göre Kazananlar

 1997 senesinde iki tane üçüncü var.

Kadın Kazananların Listesi

Ülkelerine Göre Kazananlar

Notlar

Dünyada Yılın Futbolcusu

FIFA Dünyada Yılın Futbolcusu


لونغتوك غياتسو (1806 م – 1815 م) الدالاي لاما التاسع، ولد في دان شوخور قرية صغيرة في خام لأبويه تينزين شويكيونغ ودهوندوب دولما. عام 1807 تقرر بأنه الدالاي لاما التاسع وأخذ إلى لاسا في موكب كبير، وفي عام 1810 توج في قصر بوتالا. تقدم بنذور الراهب المبتدئ وأُعطي اسم لونغتوك غياتسو. توفي عام 1815 وهو صغير في التاسعة.

مواضيع ذات صلة
 البوذية
 الدالاي لاما

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 The Ninth Dalai Lama, Lungtok Gyatso Gyatso. Dalai lama.com
 الموسوعة البريطانية

تبتيون
حكام توفوا أطفالا
دالاي لاما
مواليد 1805
مواليد 1806
وفيات 1815
وفيات في لاسا

حكام أطفال من آسيا

لونغتوك غياتسو


Olaylar
 Montpellier Üniversitesi kuruldu.

Doğumlar
 4 Ekim - X. Louis, Fransa Kralı (ö. 1316)
 6 Ekim - III. Wenceslaus, Macaristan ve Hırvatistan kralı (ö. 1306)

Ölümler
 12 Mart - II. Demetre, Bagrationi hanedanına mensup Gürcü kral (d. 1259)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 II. Levon, Kilikya Ermeni Kralı (d. y. 1236)

1289


Vicina se poate referi la:

 Vicina, un fost oraș din Dobrogea (dispărut în secolul al XV-lea), vechi port bizantin și în același timp fostă colonie genoveză
 Agave vicina, o specie de plante din genul Agave
 Amphiodia vicina, o specie de ofiuride (încrengătura echinoderme) din genul Amphiodia
 Caerostris vicina, o specie de păianjen din genul Caerostris
 Calliphora vicina, o specie de insecte diptere din familia Calliphoridae
 Cheilosia vicina, o specie de insecte diptere găsită în Marea Britanie
 Meliphaga vicina, o pasăre din familia Meliphagidae endemică în Papua Noua Guinee
 Paa vicina, o specie de broască
 Perenniporia vicina, o specie de ciuperci din genul Perenniporia
 Philoponella vicina, o specie de păianjen din familia Uloboridae
 Phylloxiphia vicina, o specie de molii din genul Phylloxiphia
 Poria vicina, o specie de bazidiomicete fitopatogene descompunătoare a lemnului.
 Pterotricha vicina, o specie de păianjen din genul Pterotricha
 Vicina,  un sinonim al genului de molii Carpatolechia.

Vicina (dezambiguizare)


Nicolò Corradini (* 20. Oktober 1964 in Castello-Molina di Fiemme) ist ein ehemaliger italienischer Ski-Orientierungsläufer.

Corradini, der für den Verein Gruppo Sportivo Fiamme Oro antrat, gewann zwischen 1994 und 2000 vier Weltmeistertitel im Ski-Orientierungslauf. Bei der Heim-Weltmeisterschaft 1994 im Nonstal gewann er das Kurzdistanzrennen zusammen mit dem Russen Iwan Kusmin sowie das Langdistanzrennen. In der Staffel verpasste das italienische Quartett mit Enzo Macor, Luigi Girardi, Corradini und Marco Selle mit Rang vier eine Medaille. Corradini hatte aber mit seinen zwei Goldmedaillen die ersten beiden Medaillen für Italien überhaupt bei einer Ski-Orientierungslauf-Weltmeisterschaft gewonnen. 1996 in Lillehammer gelang ihm die Titelverteidigung auf der Langdistanz, während er auf der Kurzdistanz 24. wurde. 1998 wurde er hinter Wiktor Kortschagin aus Russland und Pekka Varis aus Finnland Langdistanzdritter. Bei seiner letzten Weltmeisterschaft 2000 im russischen Krasnojarsk wurde er erneut Weltmeister auf der Kurzdistanz.

Corradini gewann des Weiteren 19 italienische Meisterschaften. Er ist Vater von drei Kindern und betreibt einen Hof im Val di Fiemme.

Platzierungen
Weltmeisterschaften:

 1986: 8. Platz Staffel
 1988: 12. Platz Kurz, 15. Platz Lang, 7. Platz Staffel
 1990: 11. Platz Kurz, 5. Platz Lang, Staffel dsq.
 1992: 26. Platz Kurz, 8. Platz Lang, 5. Platz Staffel
 1994: 1. Platz Kurz, 1. Platz Lang, 4. Platz Staffel
 1996: 24. Platz Kurz, 1. Platz Lang, 5. Platz Staffel
 1998: 10. Platz Kurz, 3. Platz Lang, 8. Platz Staffel
 2000: 1. Platz Kurz, 7. Platz Lang, 7. Platz Staffel

Weblinks
 Ski-OL-WM-Ergebnisse International Orienteering Federation
 Altre informazioni su CORRADINI Nicolo Profil auf der Seite der FISO

Weltmeister (Ski-Orientierungslauf)
Ski-Orientierungsläufer (Italien)
Italienischer Meister (Ski-Orientierungslauf)
Italiener
Geboren 1964
Mann

Nicolò Corradini


Henry Jackson van Dyke (Germantown, Pennsylvania, 10. studenoga 1852. – Princeton, New Jersey, 10. travnja 1933.) bio je američki književnik i prezbiter.

Životopis
Van Dyke je rođen u Germantownu u Pennsylvaniji. Studij je završio 1877. godine na Sveučilištu Princeton. Za svećenika Prezbiterijanske crkve zaređen je 1879. godine. Do 1900. godine službovao je u Rhode Islandu i New Yorku. Od 1900. do 1923. godine na Princetonu predaje englesku književnost. Od 1913. do 1917. godine obnašao je dužnost američkog veleposlanika u Nizozemskoj. Umro je kao professor emeritus u Princetonu 1933. godine.

Djela

Van Dyke je objavio niz zbirki pripovjedaka i eseja te pjesama. Najpoznatije su mu pripovijetke Priča o još jednom mudracu (The Story of the Other Wise Man, 1896.) i Prvo božićno drvce (The First Christmas Tree, 1897.).

Djela mu nisu prevedena na hrvatski jezik.

Izvori
Bilješke i literatura

 Guide to the Henry Jackson Van Dyke Papers: Biographical note, Presbyterian Historical Society, www.history.pcusa.org, pristupljeno 20. ožujka 2017.
 Henry Van Dyke, Britanska enciklopedija, www.britannica.com, pristupljeno 20. ožujka 2017.
 Henry van Dyke, The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, www.factmonster.com, pristupljeno 20. ožujka 2017.

Vanjske poveznice
Ostali projekti

Mrežna mjesta
 American Literature: Henry van Dyke, djela Henryja van Dykea

Američki književnici

Henry van Dyke


A  is a type of traditional Japanese inn that typically features tatami-matted rooms, communal baths, and other public areas where visitors may wear yukata and talk with the owner. Ryokan have existed since the eighth century A.D. during the Keiun period, which is when the oldest hotel in the world, Nishiyama Onsen Keiunkan, was created in 705 A.D. Another old ryokan called Hōshi Ryokan was founded in 718 A.D. and was also known as the world's second oldest hotel. Such inns also served travelers along Japan's highways.

Ryokan are difficult to find in Tokyo and other large cities because many are often much more expensive compared to modern hotels and hostels. As elsewhere in the world, hotels have become a standard in Japanese urban tourism. Nonetheless, some major cities do offer ryokan with competitive rates. Traditional ryokan are more commonly found in scenic rural areas, and in recent years, many ryokan have been redeveloped to their original style, particularly by resort chains Hoshino Resorts, whose first ryokan opened in Karuizawa in 1914.

Features
A typical ryokan has a relatively large entrance hall, with couches and chairs where guests can sit and talk; a modernized ryokan often has a television in the hall as well. Guest rooms are constructed using traditional Japanese methods: flooring is tatami, and doors are sliding doors. Even if the inn uses hinged doors for security, it usually opens into a small entranceway where guests can take off their shoes before stepping onto the tatami floor, which would be separated by a sliding door. Many ryokan rooms also feature a porch or balcony, also set off with a sliding door.

Almost all ryokan feature common bathing areas or ofuro, usually segregated by gender, using the water from a hot spring (onsen) if any are nearby. (Areas with natural hot springs tend to attract high concentrations of ryokan). High-end ryokan may provide private bathing facilities as well. Typically ryokan provide guests with a yukata to wear; they might also have games such as table tennis, and possibly geta that visitors can borrow for strolls outside.

Bedding is a futon spread out on the tatami floor. When guests first enter their room, they usually find a table and some supplies for making tea. The table is also used for meals when guests take them in their room. While guests are out, staff (usually called nakai) will move the table aside and set out the futon.

Meals

Most ryokan offer dinner and breakfast, which are often included in the price of the room. Most visitors take their meals at the ryokan, which usually promote themselves on the quality of their food. Meals typically consist of traditional Japanese cuisine known as kaiseki, which features seasonal and regional specialties. (Kaiseki originally referred to light meals served during a tea ceremony, and today refers to a meal consisting of a number of small, varied dishes.) Some ryokan instead serve local specialties such as basashi or food cooked in an irori hearth. So that each dish can be enjoyed at the proper temperature, ryokan stress that guests should be punctual for their meals. For this reason, most ryokan ask guests to confirm the time they want to take their meals.

Some ryokan have a communal dining area, but most serve meals in the guests' rooms. Ryokan likely to serve non-Japanese guests may also have a selection of Western food.

Minshuku
 are a low-budget version of ryokan, roughly equivalent to a British boarding house or a bed and breakfast. The facilities are similar to a hotel or may simply consist of spare rooms in a family home. Minshuku often serve as the only type of accommodation in towns or villages too small to warrant a dedicated hotel or ryokan. The overall experience is much the same, but the food is simpler, dining may be optional and is often communal, rooms don't usually have a private toilet, and guests may have to lay out their own bedding.

See also

Tourism in Japan
Hōshi Ryokan

References

External links

Hotel types
Tourist accommodations in Japan
Architecture in Japan

Ryokan


La bataille de Mga, également appelée offensive de Mga, troisième bataille du lac Ladoga (Allemand: Dritte Ladoga-Schlacht), ou encore cinquième offensive Siniavino oppose les troupes soviétiques aux troupes allemandes, au sud du lac Ladoga sur le front de l'Est germano-soviétique pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale en juillet, août et septembre 1943.

Le , l'Armée rouge commence une offensive afin de soulager Leningrad qui était assiégée, contre le groupe d'armées Nord de la Wehrmacht. L'objectif soviétique était de prendre la liaison ferroviaire vers la métropole, mais surtout la jonction ferroviaire de Mga avec les hauteurs en amont de Siniavino. Du 22 juillet jusqu'à la fin des opérations le , les troupes soviétiques n'ont pu obtenir que des succès partiels mineurs, mais ont subi, comme les troupes allemandes, des pertes élevées.

Contexte
Avec la prise de Mga par les troupes allemandes le , la dernière ligne de chemin de fer reliant Leningrad au reste du pays est paralysée. À la suite de la percée du siège de Leningrad lors de l'opération Iskra le  un corridor terrestre, d'une largeur de 8 à 11 kilomètres, est ouvert entre Leningrad et le reste de l'Union soviétique. Cependant, ce couloir terrestre restant à portée de l'artillerie allemande positionnée sur les hauteurs de Siniavino, le  charge les troupes soviétiques de repousser les unités allemandes dans la région de Mga pour rétablir le contrôle du chemin de fer de Kirov et assurer une liaison ferroviaire fiable entre Leningrad et le reste de l'Union soviétique.

L'attaque devait être menée par la 8e armée du front de Volkhov sous les commandements de  et Kirill Meretskov et la  du front de Léningrad sous les commandements de  et Leonid Govorov contre les troupes de la 18e armée allemande du groupe d'armées Nord sous les commandements de Georg Lindemann et Georg von Küchler.

Première offensive : 22 juillet-22 août 1943
Front de Volkhov
Le , à 6 h 35, après une heure et demie de préparation d'artillerie et une frappe aérienne massive, les troupes soviétiques passent à l'offensive.
Les unités du premier échelon de la 8e armée parviennent immédiatement à capturer la première ligne de défense de l'ennemi, mais l'offensive n'avance pas plus loin. Fin juillet, le commandement soviétique engage au combat les  et , qui remplacent les   et , mais cela ne change pas la donne en faveur de l'Armée rouge. Les divisions qui sont entrées dans la bataille ont subi de lourdes pertes, car les unités allemandes ont opposé une résistance féroce et ont constamment contre-attaqué.

Le 12 août, lors d'une nouvelle attaque, la 8e armée soviétique a réussi à prendre une forte tête de pont à l'est de la rivière Nasija près de Porechye, mais elle n'a pas réussi à percer vers Mga, malgré l'apport dans la bataille de la , qui était la dernière réserve de la 8e armée. Le commandement allemand a pu renforcer rapidement la défense et pendant plusieurs jours, les troupes soviétiques ont tenté d'avancer davantage, mais n'ont pas obtenu de résultats significatifs.

Front de Leningrad
Le , en même temps que les troupes de la 8e armée du front de Volkhov, des unités de la  passent à l'offensive et brisent partiellement les défenses ennemies, mais ne parviennent pas à exploiter le succès initial. Le commandement allemand renforce ses défenses avec des réserves, et envoie les 58e et 126e division de la 16e armée, et à la fin de l'opération la 61e division d'infanterie  permettant de stopper l'offensive soviétique. Toutefois des combats acharnés ont duré plusieurs semaines et les deux camps ont subi de lourdes pertes.

À la fin du mois d'août, les combats se sont progressivement apaisés.Malgré des combats acharnés, les troupes soviétiques n'ont pas réussi à atteindre les objectifs fixés avant le début de l'opération, et la ligne de front dans la région des hauteurs de Siniavino ne différait que légèrement de la ligne de front au début de l'offensive soviétique.

Deuxième offensive : 15 au 25 septembre 1943
Sur ordre de la Stavka, les commandants des fronts de Volkhov (Kirill Meretskov) et de Léningrad (Leonid Govorov) préparèrent une nouvelle offensive quelques semaines seulement après l'échec de leurs premières opérations.
Cette fois, les objectifs étaient beaucoup plus réduite car ils comprenaient que la prise des hauteurs de Siniavino.

Le front de Leningrad avait envoyé le  dans la région de Leningrad, puis l'avait déplacé dans la région au sud de Shlisselburg ou il était subordonné à la  du général .

Le plan était d'utiliser cette unité pour attaquer les hauteurs de Siniavino directement du nord. À gauche du corps, il devait être soutenu par les  et , et à droite par les ,  et . De plus, les  et  étaient déjà positionnées devant les hauteurs de Siniavino.
La 8e armée du front de Volkhov sous le commandement du général  devait soutenir l'offensive par une attaque entre  et Gaitolovo sur une section de front de 13,5 km de large le long du chemin de fer de Kirov, d'abord à , colonie de Mikhaïlovski, puis à Mga.

Le matin du , l'attaque recommence. À cette occasion, l'Armée rouge met en œuvre un nouveau concept d'artillerie. Cette fois, l'artillerie soviétique n'arrête pas son bombardement lorsque l'infanterie soviétique avance. L'attaque du  avec ses trois divisions a plus de succès que quelques semaines auparavant. Les  et  d'infanterie allemandes ont été surprises par le nouveau concept d'artillerie et les unités d'attaque soviétiques ont réussi à gagner plusieurs centaines de mètres de terrain sur les hauteurs de Siniavino. Mais le commandement de la 18e armée allemande déplaça la 28. Jäger-Division ainsi que les 215e et 61e divisions d'infanterie au front. Avec cette mesure, les allemands ont rapidement arrêté l'intrusion soviétique. Dans les jours qui ont suivi, les unités de la  ont continué à attaquer la défense allemande afin d'avancer jusqu'à Mga. Cependant, ces tentatives ont échoué. L'attaque de la 8e armée soviétique par l'est peine également à gagner du terrain.

Le , la Stavka permet la cessation des opérations offensives. Le 24 septembre, des combats pour les hauteurs reprennent brièvement avant que le front ne se stabilise de nouveau.

Notes et références

Histoire de Saint-Pétersbourg
Front de l'Est de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Bataille ou opération de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Bataille de 1943
Bataille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale impliquant l'Union soviétique
Bataille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale impliquant l'Allemagne

Bataille de Mga


Porțile este un film românesc din 1975 regizat de Ervin Szekler.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1975 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1975
Filme dramatice românești

Porțile


Alþjóðaflugvöllur Hefei Xinqiao (IATA: HFE, ICAO: ZSOF) (kínverska: 合肥新桥国际机场; rómönskun: Héféi Xīnqiáo Guójì Jīchǎng) er flughöfn Hefei höfuðborgar Anhui héraðs í  Alþýðulýðveldinu Kína. Þessi nútímaflugvöllur er meginflughöfn héraðsins sem býður upp á ýmsar alþjóðlegar tengingar.

Flugvöllurinn er staðsettur um 32 kílómetra frá miðborg Hefei í bænum Gaoliu í Shushan-hverfi borgarinnar.  Xīnqiáo þýðir á kínversku "Hin nýja brú".

Hinn nýi flugvöllur hefur vaxið hratt. Árið 2018 afgreiddi flugvöllurinn um 11.1 milljónir farþega og um 70.000 tonn af farmi.

Saga

Framkvæmdir hófust í árslok 2008 og var flugvöllurinn opnaður um mitt ár 2013. Hann leysti Luogang-flugvöllinn af hólmi sem aðalflugvöllur Hefei borgar.

Í fyrsta áfanga var byggð ein flugbrautar 3.400 metrar að lengd og 108.500 fermetra flugstöðvarbygging, sem á að hafa getu til að taka við 11 milljónir farþega á ári og 150.000 tonn af farmi á ári.

Í öðrum byggingaráfanga flugvallarins er miðaða við getu til að taka við 42 milljónir farþega á ári og 580.000 tonn farms. Á því að vera lokið árið 2040.

Samgöngur við flugvöllinn

Nýtt Snarlestarkerfi borgarinnar,  strætisvagnar og gott vegakerfi tengja flughöfnina við miðborg Hefei og nærliggjandi svæði.

Flugfélög

Flugvöllurinn er sérstakur áhersluflugvöllur fyrir flugfélögin China Eastern Airlines og Happy Airlines. Meðal annarra umsvifamikilla flugfélaga eru China International Airlines, West Air og Hainan Airlines. Alls starfa þar 39 farþegaflugfélög og 4 farmflugfélög.

Flugleiðir

Langflestir áfangastaðir eru innan Kína, en einnig eru alþjóðaflug frá Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Singapúr, Seúl, Taípei, Osaka, Frankfurt am Main, Moskvu Balí, Hong Kong, Makaó, og fleiri staða.

Tölfræði

Tenglar

 Hefei borg
 Anhui hérað.
 Kínverskur (og enskur) vefur alþjóðaflugvallarins Hefei Xinqiao
 Vefsíða Travel China Guide Hefei Xinqiao flugvöllinn.. Almennar upplýsingar, kort af flugvellinum, samgöngur almenningsvagna á flugvöllinn o.fl.

Heimildir

Flugvellir í Kína

Hefei Xinqiao alþjóðaflugvöllurinn


Elia Benedettini (født 22. juni 1995) er en fodboldspiller fra San Marino som spiller for den Italienske Serie B klub Novara.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra San Marino

Elia Benedettini


القائمة الحمراء للأنواع المهددة بالانقراض هي لائحة تُصنِّفُ وتَدّرسُ حالة حفظ الأنواع النباتية والحيوانية. أنشئت في عام 1963، يصدرها اتحاد الحماية العالمي، السلطة الرسمية القائمة على حفظ الأنواع في العالم. يهدف اتحاد الحماية العالمي إلى إعادة تقييم كل فئة من الأنواع كل 5 سنوات إذا أمكن، أو كل عشر سنوات على الأقل.

تصنيف الأنواع
وتصنف الأنواع إلى غير محصن ومعرض للخطر، بناءً على معايير اتحاد الحماية العالمي تتوسع القائمة بشكل تفصيلي إلى:
 الأنواع المنقرضة تماماً (EX).ونرمز لها بالعربية بـ نق
 الأنواع المنقرضة من الحياة البرية (EW) وهي الأنواع التي تتواجد فقط في الأسر أو التربية الداخلية أو تتواجد في تجمعات غير طبيعية«تتواجد بعيدا عن التوزيع الطبيعي الأصلي لهذه الفئة».ونرمز لها بالعربية بـ قب
 الأنواع المهددة بشكل حرج بالانقراض (CR) وهي الأنواع المعرضة بشدة كبيرة جدا لخطورة الانقراض من الطبيعة. ونرمز لها بالعربية بـ خق
 الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض (EN) وهي الأنواع المعرضة بشكل كبير لخطورة الانقراض من الطبيعة. ونرمز لها بالعربية بـ خم
 الأنواع المعرضة للانقراض (VU) وهي الأنواع المعرضة لخطورة الانقراض من الطبيعة. ونرمز لها بالعربية بـ خد
 الأنواع القريبة من التهديد (NT) وهي الأنواع التي لا تتأهل كي تصنف ضمن الفئات المذكورة سابقا ولكنها من المرجح أن تصل إلى إحدى هذه الفئات في المستقبل القريب. ونرمز لها بالعربية بـ قخ
 الأنواع غير المهددة (LC) وهي الأنواع المنتشرة والمتوفرة في الطبيعة. ونرمز لها بالعربية بـ غم
 الأنواع التي لا تتوفر عنها معلومات كافية (DD) لا تتوفر عنها معلومات عن توزيعها في الطبيعة أو تعرضها للتهديدات. نن
 الأنواع التي لم تقيم (NE) وهي الأنواع التي لم يتم تقييمها بعد. نل

انظر أيضًا
 سايتس
 قائمة الأنواع المنقرضة
 سمك الكولاكانث الإندونيسي

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 القائمة الحمراء لسنة 2011

البيئة في 1963
البيئة في 1964
أنواع مهددة بالانقراض حسب القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد العالمي للحفاظ على الطبيعة ومواردها
أنواع وصفت في 1963
الاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة
القائمة الحمراء للأنواع الحية
تأسيسات سنة 1963
حيويات حسب حالة الحفظ
قوائم حيويات
قواعد بيانات حيوية
محافظة على البيئة


أحمد بن أبي سليمان أو أحمد بن أبي سليمان داود الربعي، يعرف بلقب الصَوَّاف، كان شاعرًا قيروانيًا، ولد عام 204 هـ وتوفي عام 291 هـ، تعلم على أبيه وعلى سحنون. وقد قال شعرًا كثيرًا  في الصبر والحكمة والزهد وفي طول العمر وتغير الدنيا بأهلها ووصف الجنة والنار والأمل في عفو الله.
قال في الصبر:

ومن قوله في الحكمة:

شعراء قيروانيون
مواليد 204 هـ
وفيات 291 هـ

أحمد بن أبي سليمان


Jerusalem Light Rail (הרכבת הקלה בירושלים - HaRakevet HaKala Birushalayim) er en letbane-linje i Jerusalem, der åbnede i 2011. Den begyndte at blive bygget i 2002 og stod færdig i 2010 efter mange meget store problemer, og det oprindelige byggefirmas konkurs.

Den letbane er berømt for Strengebroen ved den vestlige indgang til Jerusalem fra Road 1.

Billedegalleri

Eksterne henvisninger

 Stránky dopravce CityPass

Light Rail
Letbaner
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Israel

Jerusalem Light Rail


Barreiros, Portekiz'de Viseu belediyesine bağlı olan, 5,19 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 334 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Viseu

Barreiros (Viseu)