La nebulosa Roseta es una región H II grande y circular, ubicada en el borde de una gigantesca nube molecular en la constelación del Unicornio Monoceros, situada en la banda de la Vía Láctea. El cúmulo abierto NGC 2244 (Caldwell 50) está estrechamente asociado con la nebulosa, en virtud de que las estrellas del cúmulo se han formado de la materia de la misma.

El complejo tiene las siguientes designaciones en el Nuevo Catálogo General (NGC) designations:
 NGC 2237 – Parte de la nebulosa (Usado también para designar a la nebulosa completa)
 NGC 2238 – Parte de la nebulosa
 NGC 2239 – Parte de la nebulosa (Descubierta por John Herschel)
 NGC 2244 – El cúmulo abierto dentro de la nebulosa (Descubierto por John Flamsteed en 1690)
 NGC 2246 – Parte de la nebulosa...

Características

El cúmulo y la nebulosa se encuentran a una distancia de unos 5200 años luz de la Tierra (aunque los cálculos de la distancia varían considerablemente, hasta llegar a 4900 años luz) y medir unos 130 años luz de diámetro. La radiación de las estrellas jóvenes excitan los átomos de la nebulosa, haciendo que emitan radiación que hace brillar a la nebulosa. La masa de la nebulosa se estima en unas 10 000 masas solares.

Se cree que el viento estelar de un grupo de estrellas O y B está ejerciendo presión sobre la nube, causando su compresión, y generando la formación de estrellas en la nebulosa. Esta formación estelar está aún en curso.

Una imagen de la nebulosa tomada por el Observatorio de rayos X Chandra en 2001, ha permitido observar la zona de las estrellas jóvenes y calientes que están en el centro de la nebulosa Roseta. Las estrellas han calentado el gas que las rodea a una temperatura del orden de 6 millones de kelvin, haciendo que emitan grandes cantidades de rayos-X.

Observando la nebulosa Roseta

El cúmulo de estrellas es visible con binoculares y puede apreciarse muy bien con un telescopio pequeño. La nebulosa en cambio es más difícil de detectar visualmente, y requiere de un telescopio con un bajo aumento. Es necesario un cielo oscuro, sin polución luminosa, para la observación. El color rojo no se detecta visualmente, aunque sí en las imágenes fotográficas. Este típico color rojo de las nebulosas es producido por la emisión de los átomos de hidrógeno a través del fenómeno conocido como fluorescencia.

Otras imágenes

Véase también
 Artículo base en inglés de Wikipedia Nebula.
 Materia interestelar.
 Nebulosa de emisión.
 Región H II.
 Fluorescencia.
 Avenged Sevenfold The Stage.
 Cúmulo abierto o irregular de estrellas.
 Formación estelar.
 Estrellas azules de tipo espectral O y B en la secuencia principal del diagrama Hertzprung Russell.
 John Herschel y John Flamsteed.
 Constelación del Unicornio (Monoceros)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Rosette Nebula (SEDS)
 Chandra Observatory study of the Rosette Nebula
 NOAO; "Fitful Young Star Sputters to Maturity in the Rosette Nebula"
 NightSkyInfo.com – Rosette Nebula
 Astronomy Picture of the Day
 Dust Sculptures in the Rosette Nebula – 2007 June 6
 Dust Sculptures in the Rosette Nebula – 2009 December 2
 Field of Rosette – 2010 February 14
 Slooh Videocast on Rosette Nebula
 Rosette Nebula from the Netherlands
 Deep image of the Rosette Nebula

Constelación de Monoceros
Objetos NGC
Regiones H II

Nebulosa Roseta


La Berliner Platz est une place centrale et un carrefour routier de Wurtzbourg. Elle est connue pour son grand rond-point à trois voies, ouvert à la circulation depuis . Elle est donc souvent appelé en général le Berliner Ring.

Géographie
La Berliner Platz se situe dans le quartier d'Altstadt sur la Bundesstraße 8 (Haugerring en venant de l'ouest, puis Schweinfurter Straße à l'est). Outre les rues déjà mentionnées, le rond-point à trois voies relie également la Martin-Luther-Straße, le Rennweger Ring, la Ludwigstraße, la Kroatengasse et le pont de Grombühl. Avec ses trois voies et ses pistes cyclables supplémentaires, la jonction est l'une des voies de circulation centrales de Wurtzbourg et donc sujette aux accidents. La Berliner Platz comprend également un contournement tangentiel de Grombühl directement à Haugerring, que le tram suit également. Dans la zone de la place, la Prymstraße rejoint également dans Haugerring.

La place elle-même fait partie du Würzburg Ringpark, bien que la grande île centrale ne soit pas officiellement accessible. Dans la zone verte, il y a un morceau du mur de Berlin et une borne indiquant la distance () jusqu'à Berlin.

La Berliner Platz peut être contournée via la Nordtangente, qui est également marquée comme B8 sur certaines cartes.

Histoire
Au Moyen Âge, la zone autour de la Berliner Platz n'est pas à l'intérieur des murs de la ville, mais appartient à l'abbaye bénédictine Sainte-Afre. Après la guerre de Trente Ans, la ville est refortifiée et l'abbaye démolie. Le parc de l'anneau est aménagé au  et l'itinéraire de circulation qui prévalait jusqu'à la création du rond-point est créé.

Étant donné que la situation du trafic doit être adaptée à l'expansion à plusieurs voies de l'importante artère de circulation Schweinfurter Straße-Haugerring, le nouveau rond-point est construit de 1959 à 1965 et la place s'appelle Berliner Platz, en raison de la division allemande et de la construction du mur de Berlin. La borne routière est fixée le .

Après la réunification allemande, on veut changer le nom en "Platz der Deutschen Einheit'', mais cette proposition ne fait pas la majorité.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Place en Allemagne
Wurtzbourg

Berliner Platz (Wurtzbourg)


Lug/ Lugh, kojega Gali zovu Lugo, keltski je bog svjetlosti, mnogih disciplina i spasitelj Irske. Lugh je prikazan kao ratnik, kralj, majstor i spasitelj. Povezan je s vještinama i majstorstvom u više disciplina, uključujući umjetnost. Također je povezan sa zakletvama, istinom i zakonom, a time i s pravim kraljevstvom. Zahvaljujući njemu, mladi i lijepi bogovi Tuatha de Danann uspjeli su pobijediti Fomoire, užasna podmorska čudovišta koja su bila strah i trepet otoka. Lug ima mnoge darove: glazbenik je i ujedno čarobnjak izuzetne snage. Lug je opisan kao mlad, visok čovjek svijetlih crvenih obraza, bijelih strana, lica brončane boje i kose boje krvi. Lughov se izgled u nekoliko navrata uspoređuje sa suncem.
Najčešći su mu epiteti Lámfada ([ˈlaːwad̪ˠə] , "duge ruke", moguće zbog njegove vještine s kopljem ili vladarske sposobnosti) i Samildánach ("jednako vješt u mnogim umjetnostima ").
Lugh ima nekoliko čarobnih posjeda. Ima nezaustavljivo vatreno koplje, praćku i posjeduje goniča Failinis . Kaže se da je izumio fidchell (galski ekvivalent šahu ), igre loptom i konjske utrke.

Cuchulainn, ratnik nadljudske snage, je reinkarnacija i sin boga Luga.

Lugovo rođenje
Grozni Balor, vođa Fomoira, ima samo jedno oko kojim obara svakoga tko ga pogleda. Jedno mu je proročanstvo navijestilo da će ga ubiti vlastiti unuk. Zatočio je, stoga, svoju jedinicu kako nikada ne bi imala djece. No, jednoga dana zavede je jedan bog Tuatha i ona rodi trojke. Balor ih smjesta baci u more. No, jedno dijete preživi: Lug.

Lug kod bogova Tuatha
Tuatha de Danann - "narod božice Danu" - mora se stalno boriti s Fomoirima, ali konačne pobjede nema. Njihov kralj Nuada čak je u jednoj bitki izgubio ruku koju mu je bog liječnik zamijenio srebrnom. Kad se pojavio Lug, mlad i junačan neznanac, Nuada ga zaduži da organizira i vodi bitku.

Odlučujuća bitka
Lug pripremi Tuathe za napad i dvije se vojske sukobe. Iznenada se pojavi Balor i njegovo se oko - koje je uništavalo svakoga tko bi ga pogledao i stoga je uvijek zatvoreno osim u bitkama - počne otvarati. Lug hitnu u njega kamen iz praćke. Oko probije Balorovu glavu, okrene se i pogleda vlastitu vojsku. Fomoiri se rasprše od straha da ne umru od pogleda zla oka, Tuatha ih stjeraju u more, a Balor izdahne ubijen rukom svoga unuka, kao što je proročanstvo i navijestilo. Tuatha de Danann nakon toga su vladali Irskom sve do dolaska novih osvajača. Potom su se povukli pod zemlju, odakle su upravljali plodnošću zemlje.

Literatura
• Baussier, Svijet oko nas Mitologije, 1. izd., Naša djeca, Zagreb, 2004., , str. 74.

Keltska mitologija

Lug (mitologija)


Corcuera ist eine philippinische Stadtgemeinde in der Provinz Romblon, in der Verwaltungsregion IV-B, Mimaropa. Sie hat  Einwohner (Zensus ). Sie wird als Gemeinde der fünften Einkommensklasse auf den Philippinen und als teilweise urbanisiert eingestuft.

Corcuera liegt im Norden der Provinz, auf der Insel Simara in der Sibuyan-See. Die Topographie der Insel wird durch flachwelliges Terrain gekennzeichnet.

Baranggays
Die Gemeinde setzte sich 2011 aus 15 Barangays zusammen:

Weblink

Ort auf den Philippinen
Provinz Romblon

Corcuera (Romblon)


Le vélopolitain est un aménagement du réseau francilien de pistes cyclables initié en 2019 par les associations  Mieux se déplacer à bicyclette et Paris en selle et repris par la Mairie de Paris. Il consiste à baliser et aménager des itinéraires cyclables suivant le parcours des lignes du métro de Paris.

Histoire
Le Vélopolitain est un projet porté par les associations  Mieux se déplacer à bicyclette et Paris en selle qui est inauguré le , durant une grève des transports.

Cette infrastructure, tout comme le RER Vélo et les pistes temporaires dites « coronapistes » mises en place lors de la pandémie de Covid-19, est prise en compte par le plan Vélo 2021-2026 porté par la ville de Paris.

Description
Ce réseau cyclable est nommé en référence au métropolitain, dont la longueur serait équivalente. Il devra s'inscrire dans la continuité du RER Vélo, qui relie les banlieues aux alentours de Paris. Son budget est estimé à  d'euros.

Lignes du réseau

Avec 13 lignes diamétrales et 3 lignes circulaires pour une longueur de , le vélopolitain se veut suffisamment dense pour desservir toute la ville de Paris :

 ligne V1 : cette ligne traverse Paris d'ouest en est via Porte Maillot et Châtelet et relie la Défense à Vincennes (elle suit l'axe de la ligne 1 du métro) ;
 ligne V2 : cette ligne traverse Paris du nord-est à l'ouest, de Pantin à Puteaux ;
 ligne V3 : elle relie Neuilly à Montreuil, d'ouest en est ;
 ligne V4 : cette ligne traverse Paris du nord au sud, en reliant Aubervilliers à Montrouge en passant par Châtelet ;
 ligne V5 : elle relie, du nord au sud, les villes de Saint-Denis et Villejuif ;
 ligne V8 : cette ligne traverse Paris du nord au sud-est, en reliant Clignancourt à Joinville ;
 ligne V9 : cette ligne longe les deux rives de la Seine et comporte deux branches :
 V9d : sur la rive roite de la Seine,
 V9g : sur la rive gauche de la Seine ;
 ligne V10 : cette ligne part de Boulogne à l'ouest pour s'arrêter non loin de Concorde ;
 ligne V11 : cette ligne part de Les Lilas au nord-est et s'arrête à Châtelet (elle suit l'axe de la ligne 11 du métro) ;
 ligne V12 : cette ligne part d'Issy au sud-ouest pour s'arrêter à Montparnasse ;
 ligne V13 : cette ligne relie du nord au sud de Clichy/St-ouen et Malakoff ;
 ligne C1 : une première ceinture reliant Concorde à Bastille en passant par Opéra, République et Saint-Germain-des-Prés ;
 ligne C2 : une deuxième ceinture qui relie Étoile à Nation en passant par Place de Clichy, Stalingrad, Place d'Italie et Denfert (soit approximativement le tracé des lignes 2 et 6 du métro) ;
 ligne C3 : elle longe le boulevard périphérique en passant par les boulevards des Maréchaux.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Cyclisme urbain
 Vélo à Paris
 RER Vélo
 Vélo (mode de transport)
 Transports en Île-de-France

Liens externes

Cyclisme urbain
Transport en Île-de-France
Cyclisme en Île-de-France
Aménagement cyclable en France

Vélopolitain


Ispravljeni škotski obred (engl. Rectified Scottish Rite, fran. Rite écossais rectifié), također poznati kao Red vitezova dobročinitelja Svetog grada (engl. Order of Knights Beneficent of the Holy City) odnosno Vitezovi dobročinitelji Svetog grada (engl. Knights Benefactor of the Holy City, fran. Chevalier bienfaisant de la Cité sainte), je kršćanski masonski obred koji je utemeljen 1778. godine u Lyonu, u Francuskoj.

Podrijetlo Obreda
Obred je uglavnom razradio Jean-Baptiste Willermoz (1730. – 1824.). Ovaj poznati francuski mason reformirao je francuski ogranak Obreda strožeg opsluživanja na kongresu Gala 1778. godine, u koji je uključio neke stavke koje dolaze iz reda Izabranih svećenika (fran. Élus Coëns) a i negiraao je nasljeđe templara. Ovaj se datum može smatrati rođenjem Ispravljenog škotskog obreda.

Obred je proizašao iz nekoliko inicijacijskih sustava 18. stoljeća:
 Red vitezova-masona izabranih svećenika svemira (fran. Ordre des Chevaliers Maçons Élus Coëns de l'Univers), teurgijske organizacije koju je pokrenuo Martinez de Pasqually,
 Templarska strožija opsluživanja, viteško slobodno zidarstvo formiran u Njemačkoj sredinom 18. stoljeća i koji se proširo ostatkom Europe kasnije,
 Škotska masonerija (svi postojeći viši stupnjevi, u vrijeme kada još nije bila strukturirana),
 Zanatska masonerija u 3 stupnja (učenik, pomoćnik, majstor zidar) kako se radila u Velikom orijentu Francuske u to vrijeme, ono što će kasnije postati Francuski obred.

Evolucija i transformacija ovog obrednog sustava tijekom dvaju kongresa (1778. godine u Lyonu i 1782. godine u Wilhelmsbadu) stvorili su Ispravljeni škotski obred 1782. godine. Tako ovaj kršćanski obred sadržni doktrinu de Pasquallya sadržanu u njegovoj knjizi Rasprava o reintegraciji bića (fran. Traité de la réintégration des êtres).

Struktura stupnjeva
Struktura je podijeljena u četiri masonske klase, dvostruku vitešku klasu i dvije takozvane "tajne" klase. Ispravljeni škotski obred strukturiran je kako slijedi:
Plave ili zanatske lože (lože sv. Ivana)
 1° – učenik
 2° – pomoćnik
 3° – majstor zidar
 Zelene lože (lože sv. Andrije)
 4° – škotski majstor sv. Andrije
 Unutarnji red
 5° – sekularni novak
 6° – vitez dobročinitelj Svetog grada (fran. Chevalier bienfaisant de la Cité sainte) – koristi se i oznaka CBCS.
 Tajna klasa
 7° – profesor
 8° – veliki profesor

Međunarodni opseg Reda
Redom za Englesku i Wales se upravlja iz Mark Masons' Hall-a u Londonu.

Vidi još
 Popis masonskih obreda
 Masonski redovi

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
  za Englesku i Wales

Masonski obredi
Slobodno zidarstvo u Francuskoj

Ispravljeni škotski obred


Yaaba es una película del año 1989, rodada en Burkina Fasso. La película recaudó en taquilla 55.000 dólares.

Sinopsis
Yaaba (que significa abuela) es una historia que examina el aspecto de la relación entre ancianos, jóvenes y la sociedad. Yaaba es una mujer mayor incomprendida a la que ven como a una bruja, pero gracias al cariño y a la ingenuidad de un niño, se descubre la verdadera esencia que ofrecen los años. Esta película muestra la complicidad que puede surgir entre personas de diferentes edades y cómo un joven descubre que se puede aprender de los mayores sin tener en cuenta los prejuicios impuestos por la sociedad.

Premios
Recibió el Premio de la Crítica Internacional en Cannes (1989)

Referencias

Películas ambientadas en el África subsahariana precolonial

Yaaba


تأسست جامعة غرناطة في عام 1531 بمبادرة من الإمبراطور كارلوس الخامس. وبمدة امتدت لنحو خمسة قرون أصبحت مركزاً ثقافياً وفكرياً على ما هي عليه اليوم في منطقة جنوب إسبانيا، وإحدى أهم الجامعات الإسبانية. وتضم الجامعة حوالي 80 ألف شخص مرتبط بها ومنهم الطلبة والأساتذة والموظفين والعاملين في الجامعة. وبالإضافة لمدينة غرناطة، يتواجد حرمين جامعيين لها في كل من مدينتي سبتة ومليلة المتواجدتين في شمال إفريقيا.

انظر أيضًا
 قائمة الجامعات الحديثة في أوروبا (1801–1945)

مراجع

اتحاد الجامعات المتوسطية
تأسيسات سنة 1531 في إسبانيا
جامعات في الأندلس
غرناطة
هيئات تعليمية أسست في عقد 1530

جامعة غرناطة


Totoykids é uma marca brasileira de animação infantil criada em 2014 por Isa Vaal e André Vaz.

História
Em 2014, o casal de Minas Gerais Isa Vaal e André Vaz criou o canal do YouTube Totoykids, quando estavam em Nova Iorque. No início, o conteúdo era baseado em histórias protagonizadas por brinquedos e personagens autorais interpretados pela dupla. Em entrevista, André Vaz disse que, embora essa prática possa parecer comum, "Nosso diferencial é que decidimos tomar cuidado redobrado com o conteúdo em si, escapando do vício frequente de querer apenas divertir as crianças. Nosso trabalho inclui uma pegada educativa".

Em junho de 2015, foi lançada uma versão em inglês do canal e, dois anos depois, em espanhol. Em 2019, era o sexto canal com mais visualizações do Brasil. Em 2020, o Totoykids tinha um lucro mensal em torno de 100 mil reais, apenas com os anúncios vinculados aos vídeos do canal em português, e era assistido em mais de 35 países. Desde então, a Totoykids se tornou uma marca de produtos diversos.

Ligações externas

Canais do YouTube do Brasil

Totoykids


The Abbey National Building Society was formed in 1944 by the merger of the Abbey Road and the National building societies.

It was the first building society in the United Kingdom to demutualise, doing so in July 1989. The bank expanded through a number of acquisitions in the 1990s, including James Hay, Scottish Mutual, Scottish Provident and the rail leasing company Porterbrook. Abbey National launched an online bank, Cahoot, in June 2000.

In September 2003, the bank rebranded as Abbey, and in November 2004, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Spanish Santander Group, with a rebrand following in February 2005. In January 2010, the savings business of Bradford & Bingley was combined with the bank, and Abbey National plc was renamed Santander UK plc. Prior to the takeover, Abbey National plc was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

History

Pre-merger: The National Building Society
The National Building Society had its origins in the freehold land movement, sometimes called the "forty shilling freeholders movement".  In country areas, the voting entitlement was dependent on the possession of freehold land with an annual value of £2. This required a capital outlay of some £60-70 and was outside the reach of the average worker. A scheme to obviate this capital requirement was launched in 1847 as the Birmingham Freehold Land Society. In simple terms, the society arranged for the purchase of tracts of land and divided them into plots which individuals could purchase, the cost being met by regular subscriptions. The success of the Birmingham Society prompted a flood of other societies around the country, of which the National was one.

In 1849 The Metropolitan Freehold Land Society was formed, led by such prominent MPs as Joshua Walmsley, Joseph Hume and above all Richard Cobden.  An application was made to register under the 1836 Building Societies Act but the registrar refused to accept the name. Accordingly, the name was changed to The National Permanent Mutual Building Society, with an authorization for it to be commonly called The National Freehold Land Society. Despite the building society registration and formal name, there was no doubt as to the National's function. The 1852 Prospectus clearly stated that "The special objects of this Society are to facilitate the acquisition of freehold land, and the erection of houses thereon – to enable such of its members as are eligible, to obtain the county franchise". (The name was changed in 1894 to The National Freehold Land and Building Society and finally to The National Building Society in 1930).

The Society was not allowed to purchase land in its own name, so purchases were made by the Trustees and quickly thirteen estates were purchased around London. Within four years, the National had become the largest land society in the country. There were over 100 such societies in existence and the National claimed to be taking forty per cent of the funds.  Once the plots had been purchased, the National recognized the need to provide finance for the houses that were to be built on them. In 1854 it published its first advert, inviting applications for advances "for the erection of houses on the Estates"; those advances were not to exceed two-thirds of the net value and to be repaid over ten years.

Because the Society was not legally allowed to hold land in its own name, in 1858 it formed a separate company British Land to take over all the land previously held in the name of the Trustees. All the capital was subscribed by the National's own investors but although British Land was financially distinct, there was a commonality of directors and staff. The objective was to make the National "more emphatically than it has ever been yet, a Savings Bank and Building Society." At that point, British Land accounted for two thirds of the National's advances. The importance of British Land to the National gradually diminished although it was not until 1874 that the proportion fell to below one half;
after an internal row over the ownership of the National's head office, all the advances were repaid in 1878.

The repayment of the British Land loans marked the final break with the old freehold land movement and this was formalized in 1880 when the National incorporated under the 1874 Building Society Act. This gave it two important advantages: it could act under its own name and it afforded limited liability to its members, probably a comfort after the events of 1878. In that year the City of Glasgow Bank collapsed creating widespread financial uncertainty. In the event, funds flowed into the National in excess of its ability to find borrowers and it decided to deploy surplus funds in the north of England. Losses were incurred and the National confined its operations to within 100 miles of London.

Elkington described the 30 years from 1890 as a period of consolidation with the Society always in the top dozen nationally. However, in the period after WW1 there was exceptional growth both for the industry and the National in particular. Over a 15-year period the advances of the Building Societies Association rose eight-fold whereas those of the National rose by a factor of twenty.

Pre-merger: The Abbey Road Building Society

The Abbey was founded in 1874 by members of the Free Church in Abbey Road and of the Abbey Road Church Benefit Society. The chosen name of the Society was the Abbey Road and St John's Wood Mutual Benefit Building Society and it was launched in 1875. Three years later the Society registered under the Building Societies Act 1874 and the name was changed to the Abbey Road and St John's Wood Permanent Building Society. In contrast to the high-profile public figures who founded the National, the start of Abbey Road was more modest.  By 1888, the address was still at the schoolroom of the Abbey Road Church and the Secretary advised that he would be available on Friday evenings at his home. The early years saw rapid growth in members of the Society from 111 in that first year to over 1,000 in 1884, reaching 2,000 in 1881, 3,000 in 1901 and over 7,000 by the outbreak of WWI.  A new office was eventually required in 1906.

However, even after the War, the Abbey Road "was little known outside the borough of Paddington in which it was situated" The catalyst for change was the arrival of Sir Harold Bellman, later a commanding figure in the building society sector. He joined the board of management in 1918 and became Secretary of the Society in 1921. He overhauled every aspect of the operations, introduced improvements, advertised in the national press and opened branches outside the Society's home area. By 1929, the number of members had exceeded 100,000 and these doubled in the following two years. It was in this inter-war period that Abbey overtook the National in size: in 1918, the National had £1.2m assets against Abbey Road's £0.8m whereas in 1939 Abbey's assets totalled £51m against the £36m of the National.

In 1932, the society moved into new headquarters, Abbey House, at 219–229 Baker Street, London, which it occupied until 2002. The site was thought to include 221B Baker Street, the fictional home of Sherlock Holmes, and for many years Abbey employed a secretary charged with answering mail sent to Holmes at that address.

The Merger

WWII brought a cessation to new housebuilding and the building societies preoccupation was supporting mortgage owners and the consequences of bomb damage to properties. By 1943, as the prospect of victory increased, the Government led discussions on post-war reconstruction. The National's Chairman, Stanley Ramsey, argued that greater scale would be needed to deal with the financial challenges of reconstruction and in 1943 he proposed a merger to the Abbey Road. The merger under the Abbey National Building Society name was implemented at the beginning of 1944 with Sir Harold Bellman as Chairman and Stanley Ramsey as his deputy. At the time of the merger, Abbey Road was the second largest society and National, the sixth.

Post-war Consolidation

The post-war Labour government ensured that resources for housing reconstruction was almost entirely concentrated on local authority housing, while stringent controls severely limited the private sector, the building societies' natural market. Between 1951 and 1954, the Conservative government removed building controls and the growth in home ownership and private housebuilding resumed. However, the Society still had little more than a hundred branches and, with the pre-war management still in control, perhaps it was no longer as innovative. Eventually, 1963 saw the departure of the "old guard": Chairman Harold Bellman died aged 76; Bruce Wycherley, general manager of the National from 1933 and chief executive of the merged group from 1948, resigned, as did Stanley Ramsey the "original architect" of the merger.

Expansion and Innovation

Abbey National was now set for rapid expansion. By 1968, the branch network had reached 150 and assets exceeded £1bn. In the next ten years the business of four other societies was acquired: the Definite Permanent in 1968, The State Building Society in 1970, Highgate Building Society in 1974 and the Oak Co-operative in 1979. In 1971, the Abbey was opening a branch per week and in 1974, the peak of the private housing boom, there were 335 branches and £3bn. assets. This growth could not have taken place without the increase in new private housebuilding and the expansion in home ownership that created the second-hand market; it also reflected more innovative marketing policies. This innovation reached its peak with the appointment of Clive Thornton as general manager in 1979. He led a wide range of marketing initiatives, perhaps the best known being the registration of the name "Granny Bonds" to rival the National Savings product.

Thornton was more than a passive supplier of funds to house purchasers. He took an activist approach to the housebuilding industry arguing that building societies should finance building of houses and flats to rent privately. In 1980, the Abbey set aside £250m to stimulate the private homes sector. Thornton worked with Local Authorities to finance inner city renovation, one of the best-known examples being the loan of £3m to the Stockbridge Village Trust to help regenerate 4,000 houses on a rundown council estate in Knowsley. Abbey even formed its own private housebuilding company, Abbey National Homes, in 1986. It built 2-300 houses a year but during the housing recession of 1990-92 it lost over £50m and was closed. The range of services offered brought Abbey National ever closer to a clearing bank. In 1988, Abbey introduced a full-service interest-bearing cheque account; its administration was restricted by building society rules and the need to find a partner that could clear Abbey's cheques (The Co-operative Bank). Later, Abbey became a full member of the Bankers' Automated Clearing Services (BACS)  and became member of the BACS and CHAPS clearing systems. The stage was set for Abbey to end its mutual status and become a public company.

In 1987, as a result of financial deregulation enshrined in the Building Societies Act 1986 and Financial Services Act 1986 which allowed financial institutions to own estate agencies, Abbey National launched its own estate agency chain; Cornerstone, purchasing many smaller chains and individual offices with a view to opening a new channel for selling mortgages and endowment policies.

Demutualisation

The Abbey National Building Society became the first of the United Kingdom building societies to demutualise, and became a public limited company as Abbey National plc on 12 July 1989. It was floated on the London Stock Exchange at £1.30 per share, resulting in an unusually large number of small shareholders – approximately 1.8 million initially.

The demutualisation process was marred by the discovery of a large number of undelivered share certificates awaiting destruction at a contractor's premises. Abbey National shares peaked at more than £14 in 2000, before the stock market began a long decline.

Development
After losses of at least £243 million, Abbey National decided to sell its estate agency business Cornerstone to two entrepreneurs, Tony Snarey and Bill McClintock, in a management buyout backed by insurance company Provident Life for £8 million in August 1993. The 347-strong chain employed 1,800 staff and was subject to a write-down of £138 million in March 1993 following annual losses since 1989 of at c. £20 million. Having sold off around 280 branches in 1994, the remaining 70 branches of Cornerstone (although over 200 of the sold branches continued to use the name at the time) were put into receivership in October 1995.

In July 1994, Abbey National purchased James Hay, one of the United Kingdom's foremost independent providers of self administered pensions. James Hay then went on to grow in strength and launched Abbey Wrap, a service in which IFAs can keep the clients' ISAs, PEPs, offshore bonds, and SIPP in one place. Abbey Wrap Managers was FSA approved in August 2003. This was relaunched as James Hay Wrap in June 2005.

In February 1995, Abbey National Baring Derivatives were taken down along with Barings Bank, due to failures in regulation and control, especially in regards to Nick Leeson of Barings Bank. In the summer of 1995, Abbey National purchased First National Finance Corporation, a consumer credit company, for about £285 million. Two life assurance companies were demutualised and acquired, Scottish Mutual Assurance in 1992 and Scottish Provident in 2001, which enabled Abbey to pursue the bancassurance model.

In August 1996, Abbey National took over the National & Provincial Building Society, which was itself the product of a 1982 merger between the Provincial Building Society and the Burnley Building Society. This merger increased Abbey National's branch network by almost two hundred branches and brought in three million more customers.

In April 2000, Abbey bought Porterbrook from Stagecoach Group for £773 million. Porterbrook was one of the three railway rolling stock operating companies created from by the privatisation of British Rail, leasing rolling stock to the train operating companies in the United Kingdom. The bank launched its online bank, Cahoot, in June 2000. In August 2000  The First National subsidiary purchased Highway Vehicle Management from GUS plc for £170 million.

Lloyds TSB attempted to merge with the bank in July 2001, though that was ultimately rejected by the Competition Commission. Abbey also ventured into the wholesale loans business.

At first, this provided a good profit stream, despite the criticisms of some analysts. This eventually undid the company, however, when Enron turned out to be unsafe and the 11 September attacks in New York damaged confidence in various financial areas. From this point, Abbey struggled from financial losses and a tarnished image. The chief executive, Ian Harley, a long-time Abbey employee, resigned and his post was filled by an outsider, Luqman Arnold.

Arnold spearheaded a major reorganisation of the bank. The First National business was sold, with the car hire business sold to Lloyds TSB for £46 million, with the remaining business sold to General Electric for £848 million. In September 2003 the brand name was shortened to Abbey, the abbey.com domain name launched and the Abbey National umbrella logo dropped. Banking literature was also simplified as part of the programme, labelled 'turning banking on its head'.

Takeover and rebrand

On 26 July 2004, Abbey National plc and Banco Santander Central Hispano, SA announced that they had reached agreement on the terms of a recommended acquisition by Banco Santander of Abbey.

Following shareholders' approval at the EGMs of Abbey (95 per cent voted in favour, despite vocal opposition from most of those present) and Santander, the acquisition was formally approved by the courts and Abbey became part of the Santander Group on 12 November 2004.

Francisco Gómez Roldán took over as chief executive from Luqman Arnold, who received a rumoured £5 million, made up of pay off and share options. Gómez-Roldán died suddenly in July 2006, three weeks before being succeeded by Antonio Horta Osorio.

In June 2006, Abbey agreed to sell its life businesses to Resolution plc. The businesses sold to Resolution were Scottish Mutual Assurance, Scottish Provident Limited and Abbey National Life, two offshore life companies, Scottish Mutual International and Scottish Provident International Life Assurance Limited.

Abbey retained all of its branch based investment and asset management business, James Hay, Abbey's self invested personal pension company and James Hay Wrap.

In July 2007, Abbey admitted that errors that it made in the 1980s have contributed to many borrowers' mortgage terms being extended by up to 15 years. During this periodwhich saw considerable turbulence in interest ratesAbbey extended the terms on customers' repayment style mortgages without their knowledge. The Financial Ombudsman Service stated that Abbey customers may be eligible for compensation.

As a result of the banking crisis of 2008, Abbey purchased the savings business and branches of Bradford & Bingley in September 2008 following the nationalisation of B&B by HM Government. The purchase of Alliance & Leicester by Santander had been agreed earlier that month.

Abbey migrated all customer accounts to the Partenon computer software used by Santander in June 2008. On 27 October 2008, Abbey reached an agreement to sell Porterbrook to a consortium of Deutsche Bank, Lloyds TSB and Antin Infrastructure Partners.

The Santander Group announced in May 2009 that Abbey and the Bradford & Bingley branch network would be renamed under the Santander brand on 11 January 2010. Credit cards issued by Abbey were the first to change to Santander. The Abbey name was retained for the Abbey for Intermediaries mortgage division and was retained for a time for Abbey International before the latter was subsequently rebranded as Santander Private Banking.

The Cater Allen, James Hay and Cahoot brands remained. Santander UK plc also retained the name Abbey National Treasury Services ltd ("ANTS") for the division responsible for managing its liquidity, risk management and wholesale banking needs.

Operations

Abbey's registered office was in London (built on the site of the former Thames Television studios in Euston Road) and its main corporate centre was in Milton Keynes. Its savings and banking administration departments were in Bradford, with mortgage centres in Thornaby-on-Tees and Whiteley (which closed in 2010).

Abbey had Banking Contact Centres in Belfast, Glasgow, Sheffield, and Bootle. Business Banking operations, both administrative and telephony, were also based in Glasgow, having been moved from Taunton and Newport early in 2005. Abbey previously operated contact centres in Derby, Liverpool and Gateshead. The Derby and Liverpool centres were closed, as part of a cost-cutting exercise.

Those jobs moved to Bangalore and Pune in India in 2003. Following the takeover by the Santander Group, the Gateshead operations also closed in March 2005.

Investments were previously branded as Inscape, but were renamed Premium Investments in the end of 2008, provided by Santander Portfolio Management. This was subsequently subsumed into the more general telephony operations and the original contact centre based in Billericay was closed in April 2009.

Sources

Sir Harold Bellman, The Thrifty Three Millions, 1935, London

Sir Harold Bellman, Bricks and Mortals, 1949, Hutchinson

George Elkington, The National Building Society 1849-1934, 1935, Cambridge

Berry Ritchie, A Key to the Door, 1990, London

Margaret Reid, Abbey National  Conversion to Plc,1991, London

E J Cleary, The Building Society Movement, 1965, London

Seymour J Price, Building Societies  Their Origin and History, 1958. London

Fred Wellings, British Housebuilders: History & Analysis, 2006, Blackwell Publishing

References

External links

Defunct banks of the United Kingdom
Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange
Banco Santander
Former building societies of the United Kingdom
Banks established in 1944
Banks disestablished in 2010
Financial services companies based in London
1944 establishments in the United Kingdom
2010 disestablishments in the United Kingdom

Abbey National


حزب الأحرار الدستوريين حزب سياسي مصري أنشأه أعضاء لجنة الثلاثين التي وضعت في عام 1922 أول مشروع دستور لمصر المستقلة وفقا لتصريح 28 فبراير 1922.

عَقِب فراغ لجنة الثلاثين من وضع مشروع الدستور في سبتمبر 1922، قرر أعضاؤها تكوين حزب جديد برئاسة عدلي يكن باشا تحت اسم حزب الأحرار الدستوريين تكون مهمته الدفاع عن الدستور. وكان من ابرز أعضائه عند تكوينه مدحت يكن باشا ومحمد محمود باشا وحسن عبد الرازق باشا ومحمد حسين هيكل باشا وحافظ عفيفي باشا. أصدر الحزب جريدة يومية تنطق بلسانه تحت اسم «السياسة».

توالى على رئاسة الحزب عدلي يكن باشا ومحمد محمود باشا وعبد العزيز فهمي باشا ومحمد حسين هيكل باشا. حُلَّ الحزب طبقا لقرار مجلس قيادة ثورة 23 يوليو 1952 بحل الأحزاب السياسية في ديسمبر 1952 وعاد للعمل مرة أخرى بعد ثورة 25 يناير. حزب الأحرار الدستوريين الآن تحت التأسيس في انتظار استكمال التوكيلات.

من مؤسسي حزب الأحرار الدستوريين الجديد

- محمد فايز يكن، محامي
- د. وسام محمد إبراهيم علي (محاضر بكلية التربية جامعة الإسكندرية)
- أحمد مصطفى سلامة، كاتب ومؤلف
- شاهر يوسف مخرج سينمائي

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أحزاب سياسية أسست في 1922
أحزاب سياسية انحلت في 1952
أحزاب سياسية محظورة في مصر
أحزاب ليبرالية في مصر
أحزاب سياسية سابقة في مصر
انحلالات سنة 1952 في مصر
تأسيسات سنة 1922 في مصر

حزب الأحرار الدستوريين


Dynorfiner er en gruppe af endogene peptider fra klassen af opioide peptider.

Disse er opioider produceret af kroppen selv ud fra proteinforstadiet prodynorfin (proDyn). De spiller en vigtig rolle i opfattelsen af smerte. To andre familier af opioidpeptider er endorfinerne og enkefalinerne .

Referencer

Peptider
Opioider

Dynorfiner


Bärenstein ist eine Ansiedlung im Ortsteil Schmiedebach von Lehesten im Landkreis Saalfeld-Rudolstadt in Thüringen.

Lage
Bärenstein liegt an der Landesstraße 1097 aus Richtung Schmiedebach kommend nach Ziegenholz und Grünau führend und dort auf die Bundesstraße 90 mündend.

Geschichte
Am 4. November 1896 wurde diese Ansiedlung erstmals urkundlich erwähnt.

Einzelnachweise

Lehesten (Thüringer Wald)
Ort im Landkreis Saalfeld-Rudolstadt
Ersterwähnung 1896

Bärenstein (Lehesten)


Den danske folkehøjskole er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1944, der er instrueret af Svend Methling efter manuskript af Harald Engberg.

Handling
I anledning af den grundtvigske højskoles 100 års jubilæum i 1944 lavede man denne hyldest til en kulturhistorisk bedrift. I et roligt fremadskridende, klassisk filmsprog med ofte iscenesatte rekonstruktioner fortælles om højskolernes åndelige forudsætninger, om bestræbelser i tiden, og om det liv, der udfoldede sig, når bønderkarle og piger mødte den faderlige, grundtvigske ånd.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1944

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Folkehøjskole

Den danske folkehøjskole


Liberación  es un distrito paraguayo del Departamento de San Pedro. Fue creado el 24 de junio de 2011. Cuenta con 24.287 habitantes, según estimaciones de la DGEEC para 2017. Sus principales actividades son la agroganadería y el comercio.

Historia
El municipio de Liberación fue creado por Ley Nº 4.363/11, el 24 de junio de 2011, y se desprendió de los distritos de Choré y Guayaibí. Anteriormente la zona era conocida como Cruce Liberación y dependía administrativamente del distrito de Choré, aunque era disputada por el distrito de Guayaibí.

En la misma ley que creaba el nuevo municipio establecía que la Justicia Electoral debería convocar a elecciones municipales de acuerdo a la forma y plazos establecidos en las leyes correspondientes. Hasta tanto fueran electas las nuevas autoridades, la administración del municipio permanecería a cargo de los municipios de Choré y Guayaibí.

El área delimitada para el novel municipio especificaba por ley una superficie de 58 659 hectáreas con 4333 metros cuadrados.

Geografía
Liberación se encuentra a unos 200 km de Asunción sobre la Ruta PY03. Limita al norte con Lima, Resquín y San Vicente Pancholo; al sur y al este con Guayaibí; y al oeste con Choré.

Deportes
El distrito es representado por la Liga Social, Cultural y Deportiva Liberación, que compite en los torneos de la U.F.I. y por el Deportivo Liberación que compite en la División Intermedia de la A.P.F.

Referencias

Localidades del departamento de San Pedro (Paraguay)

Liberación (Paraguay)


An Pentaschistis longipes in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Otto Stapf. An Pentaschistis longipes in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pentaschistis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pentaschistis

Pentaschistis longipes


Die Türnach ist ein kleiner Gebirgsstock der südlichsten Ybbstaler Alpen (Lassingalpen), am Mittellauf der Salza in der Steiermark unweit Mariazell. Das Massiv kulminiert im Hochtürnach mit

Umgrenzung und Nachbargruppen
Das Massiv umgrenzt sich nach der  Gebirgsgruppengliederung für das österreichische Höhlenverzeichnis von Trimmel, wo es die Nummer 1811 hat, folgendermaßen:
 im Nordwesten und Norden: Bärenbach (Bärnbach) von der Salza (Brücke ) bis etwas südlich des Bär[e]nbachsattels auf etwa  – abwärts zum Hinterrotmoos zur Kräuterin (Trimmel Nr. 1812)
 im Osten Radmerbach bis zur Mündung (ca. ) in die Salza bei Weichselboden zu den Zellerhüten (Nr. 1813)
 im Süden Salza abwärts bis zum Bärenbach zum Hochschwab (Trimmel Nr. 1744)

Gipfel
Am langgezogenen Hauptkamm liegen vom West nach Ost:
 Bärnstein
 Guckkogel
 Hochtürnach
 Ameiskogel
 gegen Norden, zum Rotmoos hin, endet der Grat in der Bockmauer
Nach Süden zweigt der Prescenyriegel zum Kraftwerk Prescenyklause der Salza hin ab, nach Norden der Brunnriegel.

Geologie
Der Stock besteht aus dem Steinalm-Wettersteinkalk aus dem Anis der Mitteltrias vor etwa 240 Mio. Jahren, die sich auch über die Salza nach Südwesten in die Riegerin fortsetzen. Die Basis bilden Werfener Schichten, Schiefer und Kalke aus dem Untertrias, diese bilden das Grundgebirg der nördlichen Kalkalpen, südlich schließt sich Grauwackenzone an, die südwestlich im Eisenerzer Erzberg bekannt ist.

Einzelnachweise

Gebirge in den Alpen
Gebirge in der Steiermark
Ybbstaler Alpen
Geographie (Mariazell)

Türnach


La Admiral's Cup es una de las competiciones de vela de crucero más importantes del mundo. La organiza el Royal Ocean Racing Club.

Historia
Se disputa cada dos años desde 1957, aunque no se disputó en 2001, 2005, 2007, 2009 ni en 2011.

La competición se realiza por equipos. Hasta 2003 se disputó por equipos nacionales, constando cada equipo de tres yates. Se celebran varias regatas puntuables, entre las que siempre destacó la Fastnet race, contabilizando los resultados de los tres yates de cada equipo en cada regata para la clasificación final.

En 2003 se cambió el ámbito de los equipos y el número de yates, pasando de representar a naciones a representar a clubes náuticos y de ser 3 yates por equipo, a 2 yates por equipo.

Palmarés

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Web oficial

Competiciones de vela en Reino Unido
Competiciones de vela de crucero

Admiral’s Cup


බුද්ධාගම තුල ප්‍රචණ්ඩත්වය යන්නෙන් අදහස් වන්නේ බෞද්ධයන් විසින් ආගමික, දේශපාලනමය සහ සමාජ-සංස්කෘතික පෙළඹවීම් හා සමගින් සිදු කරනු ලබන ප්‍රචණ්ඩකාරී සහ චණ්ඩභාවී ක්‍රියාවන්ය. මෙම ආගමෙහි සම්ප්‍රදායයන් ප්‍රචණ්ඩත්වය හා සමගින් බැ‍ඳෙන්නේ ඉතා අල්ප වශයෙන් වුවද, බෞද්ධ-සබැඳි ස්වයං-තාඩන, දිවි නසා ගැනීම්, වධ හිංසා සහ යුද්ධ පිළිබඳ දැඩි ඉතිහාසයක් ඇත.

බුද්ධාගම සහ ප්‍රචණ්ඩත්වය


Johann Ernst von Kunheim (* 30. Januar 1730 in Königsberg; † 19. Januar 1818 ebenda) war ein preußischer Generalleutnant.

Leben

Familie
Johann Ernst von Kunheim entstammte dem ursprünglich elsässischen, dann in Preußen grundgesessenen Adelsgeschlecht Kunheim. Seine Eltern waren der preußische Staatsmann Johann Dietrich von Kunheim (1684–1752) und Maria Helena, geborene von Wallenrodt aus dem Hause Karmitten (1790–1777).

Er war seit dem 5. Oktober 1763 mit Christine Sophie Freiin von Loeben († 9. März 1767) verheiratet. Sie war die Tochter des Landeshauptmanns der Niederlausitz. Seine zweite Frau wurde am 11. September 1769 Charlotte Sophie von Kanitz aus dem Haus Podangen (1748–1818).

Militärkarriere
Kunheim war schon in seinem zwölften Lebensjahr an militärischen Einsätzen beteiligt, außerdem Augenzeuge der meisten Schlachten des Siebenjährigen Krieges. Dabei zog er die Aufmerksamkeit Friedrich des Großen auf sich. Kunheim kämpfte auch im Bayerischen Erbfolgekrieg. 1788 wurde er Oberst und erhielt im Jahr darauf den Orden Pour le Mérite. 1790 avancierte er zum Kommandeur des Infanterieregiments "von Gillern". 1793 erhielt Kunheim das in Berlin stationierte Infanterieregiment "Alt-Bornstedt" als Chef. Er nahm als Generalmajor 1794/95 am Polnischen Feldzug teil. Am 1. Juni 1798 erfolgte seine Beförderung zum Generalleutnant und am 5. Juni 1798 seine Erhebung in den Grafenstand. Bei seinem 50-jährigen Dienstjubiläum im Jahre 1802 erhielt er durch König Friedrich Wilhelm III. den Großen Roten Adlerorden. Am 11. Juli 1803 wurde er Kommendator der Johanniterkommende Gorgast. 1808 wechselte er auf die Kommende Lietzen, die er bis 1811 innehatte. Bei der Auflösung der Ballei Brandenburg und dem Verlust seiner Kommende wurde er mit 5.700 Talern abgefunden. Für den Krieg von 1806 wurde er ein nochmal aktiviert und erhielt das Kommando über das erste Reservekorps zwischen Dessau und Wittenberg. Er bekam dafür den Schwarzen Adlerorden. Am 25. Oktober 1806 ging er aus gesundheitlichen Gründen in den Ruhestand.

Literatur
 Kurt von Priesdorff: Soldatisches Führertum. Band 2, Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt Hamburg, o. O. [Hamburg], o. J. [1937], , S. 373, Nr. 861.
 Gerhard von Scharnhorst: Private und dienstliche Schriften. bearb. von Tilman Stieve, Volume 4, S. 140.
 Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch: Neues preussisches Adels-Lexicon. Band III, Leipzig 1837, S. 187f. (Digitalisat.)

Einzelnachweise

General der Frühen Neuzeit (Brandenburg-Preußen)
Regimentsinhaber der Frühen Neuzeit
Person in den Schlesischen Kriegen (Preußen)
Person im Siebenjährigen Krieg (Preußen)
Person im Kościuszko-Aufstand (Preußen)
Person in den Koalitionskriegen (Preußen)
Ritter des Schwarzen Adlerordens
Träger des Pour le Mérite (Militärorden)
Träger des Roten Adlerordens 1. Klasse
Kommendator (Johanniterorden)
Preuße
Titulargraf
Johann Ernst
Geboren 1730
Gestorben 1818
Mann

Johann Ernst von Kunheim


Audi Cup er en todages fodboldturnering, der bliver spillet på Allianz Arena i München, Tyskland.

Den første udgave af Audi Cup blev spillet i 2009 og blev vundet af FC Bayern München. FC Bayern München har vundet turneringen tre gange (i 2009, 2013 og 2015), mens FC Barcelona vandt turneringen i 2011.

Udgaver

Målscorer

Se også
 Uli Hoeneß Cup

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Officiel hjemmeside

Audi Cup


An Culcasia sanagensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ntépé-nyamè. An Culcasia sanagensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Culcasia, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Culcasia

Culcasia sanagensis


Yakındaki nesnelerin etkin bir şekilde retinada odaklanabilmesi için lenste meydana gelen şekil değişikliğine ve buna bağlı olarak lensin kırıcılık gücünün artmasına lensin akomodasyonu veya uyum yapması adı verilir. Yakından gelen nesnelerden gelen ışık daha yayılarak diğer bir deyişle diverjan gelmektedir, nesneler uzaklaştıkça bu yayılma azalır. Bu nedenle yakındaki nesneleri retina üzerinde odaklamak için daha yüksek bir kırma gücüne ihtiyaç vardır. Yakına bakarken lensin şekil değişikliğinin yanı sıra gözler birbirine yaklaşır ve göz bebekleri küçülür buna uyum triadı veya akomodasyon triadı adı verilir.

Mekanizması
Lens gözden çıkarıldığı zaman göz içerisinde olduğundan daha küresel bir şekildedir. Lensin, elastik olması ve iç basıncının fiziksel olarak eşit bir şekilde dağılım gösterme zorunluluğu lensin küre şekline yatkınlığını açıklar. Lens göz içerisinde bir disk şeklindedir, bunun nedeni lensin gözün içerisinde zonüla denilen ince lifler tarafında belli bir gerilimle çekilmesidir. Lensin ekvatorunu çevreleyen bu lifler gözün iç kısmında yer alan silier cisim denilen bölgeye tutunurlar. Bu bölgede yer alan silier kasın kasılması ile zonülaların lens üzerine uyguladıkları gerilim azalır, lensin ön ve arka yüzünün eğimi ve buna bağlı olarak lensin kırma gücü artar.

Refleksler
Göz hastalıkları bilimi
Görme sistemi
Kraniyal sinirler

Akomodasyon refleksi


Artamonow ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Leonid Konstantinowitsch Artamonow (1859–1932), russischer Ingenieur

Artamonow


XIX. svjetsko prvenstvo u atletici (mađ. 2023-as atlétikai világbajnokság) održat će se 2023. godine od 19. do 27. kolovoza u Budimpešti, u Mađarskoj. Prvenstvo bi trebalo biti najveći športski događaj na svijetu po broju država sudionica (njih 211).

Mjesto natjecanja
Prvenstvo će se održati u Nacionalnom centru za atletiku u Budimpešti koji je podignut za ovo prvenstvo. Kapaciteta je 40 000 gledatelja. Drugi je budimpeštanski nacionalni stadion.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Službena stranica IAAF-a

2023
SP Atletika 2023
Šport u Budimpešti

Svjetsko prvenstvo u atletici 2023.


Initiative for Catalonia Greens (, ICV; ) was an eco-socialist political party in Catalonia. It was formed as a merger of Iniciativa per Catalunya and Els Verds. IC had been an alliance led by Partit Socialista Unificat de Catalunya and was the equivalent of Izquierda Unida in Catalonia. IC later developed into a political party, and PSUC was dissolved.

The youth of ICV was called Joves d'Esquerra Verda (Green Left Youth). It used to be called JambI, Joves amb Iniciativa (Youth with Initiative).

In the elections to the European Parliament in 2004 ICV ran on the Izquierda Unida list. One MEP, Raül Romeva, was elected from ICV which joined the Green Group.

The ICV formed part of the past ruling tripartite coalition (along with the Socialist Party of Catalonia and the Republican Left of Catalonia, a left-wing Catalan Nationalist Party) in the Generalitat of Catalonia. The coalition governed Catalonia from 2004-2010. ICV was given responsibility for the Ministry of the Environment in the share-out of power in the new government.

Initiative for Catalonia Greens had an agreement of mutual association with Equo.
It was dissolved in 2019. In July 2020 it was announced that the party would be re-founded as Green Left.

Ideology
Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds called itself an "ecosocialist" party and its members were therefore "ecosocialists". This ideology is summarized in the book The Ecosocialist Manifesto, co-written by a number of left-wing green politicians. This ideology looks to renew the left and is firmly against communism as practised in the former Soviet Union and against capitalism, as practised by Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan, but also against social democracy, which it considers as only a lesser evil that does not respond to the environmental and social challenges ahead. From an ecosocialist point of view, both communism and capitalism are two faces of the productivist "mode of production" (a Marxist term), which should be phased out if the ecological health of  the planet is to survive. The manifesto also considers this ideology to be deeply feminist and in favour of the "freedom of the European peoples" (i.e. for self-determination for the Basque Country, Galicia or Catalonia). The party voted in favour of the Catalan parliament's declaration defining Catalonia as a "sovereign political and juridical entity" ("subjecte polític i jurídic sobirà") in 2013.

Presidents
 Rafael Ribó i Massó (1987–2000)
 Joan Saura (2000–present)

Electoral results

Spanish Parliament

Congress of Deputies

Catalan Parliament

European Parliament

See also

Green party
Green politics
List of environmental organizations
Politics of Catalonia

References

External links
Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds web site (in Catalan)

1987 establishments in Spain
Catalan nationalism
Ecosocialist parties
European Green Party
Global Greens member parties
Green political parties in Spain
Political parties established in 1987
Political parties in Catalonia
Socialist parties in Catalonia

Initiative for Catalonia Greens


Metepec bezeichnet folgende Orte in Mexiko:

 Metepec (Hidalgo), Ort in Mexiko
 Metepec (México), Ort in Mexiko

Metepec bezeichnet zudem folgende Verwaltungseinheiten:

Metepec


Lanaria lanata, biljna vrsta iz reda šparogolike koja čini samostalan rod i porodicu. Ova vrsta kao endem raste samo na krajnjem jugu Afrike, u provinciji Western Cape.

Naraste u visinu od 30 do 80. centimetara. Cvijet donekle nalik runolistu sakriven je u bijelom vunolikom klasteru, pa je ova biljka nazivana kapski runolist i janječi rep

Raste u grmovitim područjima Južne Afrike gdje vatra važna i prirodna komponenta ovog ekosustava mediteranskog tipa. Najbolje cvate u godinama neposredno nakon požara, slično mnogim drugim monokotima prilagođenim vatri.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Lanaria lanata
Slika
Šparogolike
Flora Kapskih provincija

Lanaria lanata


Werrington es una parroquia civil y un pueblo del distrito de Staffordshire Moorlands, en el condado de Staffordshire (Inglaterra).

Geografía
Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Werrington tiene una superficie de 10,22 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Werrington tenía 6009 habitantes (49,71% varones, 50,29% mujeres) y una densidad de población de 587,96 hab/km². El 16,34% eran menores de 16 años, el 76,12% tenían entre 16 y 74, y el 7,54% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 41,67 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 22,86% estaban solteros, el 64,01% casados, y el 13,13% divorciados o viudos.

El 98,62% de los habitantes eran originarios del Reino Unido. El resto de países europeos englobaban al 0,68% de la población, mientras que el 0,7% había nacido en cualquier otro lugar. Según su grupo étnico, el 98,74% eran blancos, el 0,6% mestizos, el 0,32% asiáticos, el 0,12% negros, el 0,12% chinos, y el 0,07% de cualquier otro. El cristianismo era profesado por el 82,51%, el budismo por el 0,13%, el judaísmo por el 0,08%, el islam por el 0,15%, el sijismo por el 0,08%, y cualquier otra religión, salvo el hinduismo, por el 0,17%. El 10,49% no eran religiosos y el 6,39% no marcaron ninguna opción en el censo.

Había 2361 hogares con residentes, 60 vacíos, y 10 eran alojamientos vacacionales o segundas residencias.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Staffordshire
Parroquias civiles de Staffordshire

Werrington (Staffordshire)


Brook es una parroquia civil y un pueblo del distrito de Ashford, en el condado de Kent (Inglaterra).

Geografía
Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Brook tiene una superficie de 4,01 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Brook tenía 307 habitantes (46,91% varones, 53,09% mujeres) y una densidad de población de 76,56 hab/km². El 18,24% eran menores de 16 años, el 72,96% tenían entre 16 y 74 y el 8,79% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 44,89 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 15,14% estaban solteros, el 75,3% casados y el 9,56% divorciados o viudos.

El 95,77% de los habitantes eran originarios del Reino Unido. El resto de países europeos englobaban al 1,95% de la población, mientras que el 2,28% había nacido en cualquier otro lugar. Según su grupo étnico, todos eran blancos. El cristianismo era profesado por el 75,9% y cualquier otra religión, salvo el budismo, el hinduismo, el judaísmo, el islam y el sijismo, por el 0,98%. El 17,92% no eran religiosos y el 5,21% no marcaron ninguna opción en el censo.

145 habitantes eran económicamente activos, todos ellos empleados. Había 120 hogares con residentes y 5 vacíos.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Kent
Parroquias civiles de Kent

Brook (Kent)


Kuku, scris și kookoo (, ) este un fel de mâncare din Iran pe bază de ouă. Este gătit frecvent ca fiind vegetarian, din ouă bătute amestecate cu diverse alte ingrediente.

Descriere
Într-o rețetă tipică de kuku sabzi (ca în imaginea alăturată), ouăle sunt amestecate cu ierburi și condimentate cu sare, piper negru, nuci, uneori făină, dracilă, praf de copt și zerdiceaf măcinat sau amestec de condimente adviyeh. Compoziția este apoi turnată într-o tigaie cu ulei preîncălzit, acoperită și gătită la foc mic până când se solidifică. Poate fi întoarsă sau, uneori, mutată într-un cuptor fierbinte în ultimele minute. Unii bucătari gătesc ierburile pentru scurt timp înainte de a adăuga ouăle. Cantitatea de ierburi o depășește de obicei cu mult pe cea de ouă, acestea din urmă având doar rol de închegare. Astfel, gustul predominant este cel al plantelor, și nu cel de ouă ca într-o omletă obișnuită. Nucile și zereshk (dracilă) sunt garniturile cele mai des întâlnite așezate peste omletă. Felul de mâncare este adesea feliat și servit cald sau rece, cu pâine sau orez, iaurt, sabzi khordan (platou de ierburi proaspete) și torshi (legume murate). Kuku poate fi servit ca fel principal sau aperitiv.

Kuku este similar cu felul de mâncare italian frittata, cel arab eggah sau cu o omletă deschisă. Kuku are de obicei mai puțin de ou decât o frittata, și astfel trebuie gătită pentru mai puțin timp, la foc mic, înainte de a fi întoarsă, sau sub grill preț de câteva minute pentru a găti și partea de deasupra.

Variante
Iranienii, inclusiv etnicii perși și azeri, gătesc mai multe tipuri de kuku, cu o varietate de arome. Unele variante sunt kuku și ierburi (kuku sabzi), kuku din cartofi (kuku sib-zamini), kuku și fasole și mărar, kuku și fasole fava (kuku shevid-baqala), kuku și dovleac, kuku și vinete (kuku-ye bademjan), kuku și dovlecei, kuku și carne de pui (kuku-ye morgh).

Kuku sabzi
Una dintre cele mai populare variante este kuku sabzi (, "kuku cu ierburi proaspete"), aromat cu o combinație de ierburi și frunze (de exemplu, ceapă verde, pătrunjel, arpagic, coriandru, mărar, spanac, frunze de schinduf), care îi oferă o culoare verde intens. Acest fel de mâncare este adesea servit la Anul Nou persan (Nowruz) și este asociat cu alimentele aduse la picnicul de Sizdeh Bedar (a 13-a zi a Anului Nou persan, care marchează sfârșitul sărbătorilor, de multe ori petrecută cu un picnic în aer liber)..

Kuku sib zamini
Un alt kuku popular în Iran este numit kuku sib-zamini sau kuku-ye sibzameezi (, "kuku și cartofi"). Acest fel este preparat din cartofi rași, ceapă, șofran, și uneori usturoi, arpagic, scorțișoară, zerdiceaf sau nucșoară. Frecvent, felul este gătit sub formă de chiftele mici, dar poate fi gătit și ca o clătită mare. Această variantă a fost asemănată cu latke, rösti și tortilla española (omletă spaniolă).

Vezi și
 Eggah, fel de mâncare arăbesc simiar
 Frittata, fel de mâncare italian simiar

Referințe

Cuvinte și expresii în limba persană
Bucătăria iraniană
Mâncare pe bază de ouă

Kuku (mâncare)


Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi (f. 10. október 1966) er bandarískur efnafræðingur sem er þekkt fyrir umfangsmikil störf sín í bæði efnafræði og líffræði. Hún fann upp hugtakið "líffræðileg þverstæðuefnafræði" til að lýsa efnahvörfum sem geta orðið innan lífkerfa án þess að hafa áhrif á lífsferla þess. Meðal nýlegri starfa hennar má nefna rannsóknir hennar á sykrum á yfirborði frumna, svokölluðum glýkönum, og hvernig þær hafa áhrif á sjúkdóma eins og krabbamein, bólgur og veirusjúkdóma eins og COVID-19. Bertozzi er Anne T. og Robert M. Bass-prófessor við hug- og raunvísindadeild Stanford-háskóla. Bertozzi er jafnframt rannsakandi við Howard Hughes-læknisfræðistofnunina og fyrrum framkvæmdastjóri Molecular Foundry, örtæknirannsóknarstofu við Lawrence Berkeley-þjóðarrannsóknarstofuna.

Bertozzi hlaut MacArthur-verðlaun fyrir snilligáfu þegar hún var 33 ára. Árið 2010 varð hún fyrst kvenna til að hljóta hin virtu Lemelson-MIT-verðlaun. Hún er meðlimur í bandarísku vísindaakademíunni (2005), Læknisfræðiakademíu Bandaríkjanna (2011) og Uppfinningaakademíu Bandaríkjanna (2013). Árið 2014 var tilkynnt að Bertozzi myndi ritstýra ACS Central Science, fyrsta ritrýnda tímariti Bandarísku efnafræðiakademíunnar sem er aðgengilegt almenningi án endurgjalds. Nemendur og samstarfsfólk Bertozzi hafa litið til hennar, sem er lesbía, sem fyrirmyndar í fræða- og vísindasamfélaginu.

Bertozzi vann Nóbelsverðlaunin í efnafræði árið 2022 ásamt Morten P. Meldal og Karl Barry Sharpless, "fyrir þróun smellefnafræði og líffræðilegrar þverstæðuefnafræði."

Menntun
Carolyn Bertozzi útskrifaðist summa cum laude með A.B.-gráðu í efnafræði úr Harvard-háskóla og vann þar með prófessornum Joe Grabowski við hönnun og byggingu ljóshljóðunar-hitaeiningamælis. Á meðan Bertozzi var í grunnnámi spilaði hún með nokkrum hljómsveitum. Sú merkasta var Bored of Education, sem taldi meðal annars til sín verðandi gítarleikara Rage Against the Machine, Tom Morello. Eftir útskrift vann hún hjá Bell Labs með Chris Chidsey.

Bertozzi lauk doktorsgráðu í efnafræði við Kaliforníuháskóla í Berkeley árið 1993 undir umsjá Marks Bednarski og vann við efnasmíði fásykra. Á námsárum sínum í Berkeley uppgötvaði hún að veirur geta bundið sig við sykrur í líkamanum. Uppgötvunin leiddi Bertozzi in á fræðabraut fásykrulíffræði. Á þriðja ári Bertozzi í framhaldsnámi var Bednarski greindur með ristilkrabbamein, sem leiddi til þess að hann tók sér leyfi frá störfum og gekk í læknaskóla. Bertozzi og rannsóknarstofan luku því doktorsnámi án beinnar umsjónar.

Starfsferill og rannsóknir
Eftir að Bertozzi útskrifaðist úr doktorsnámi í Berkeley hlaut hún eftirdoktorsstyrk til náms við Kaliforníuháskóla í San Francisco (UCSF) með Steven Rosen, þar sem hún rannsakaði virkni fásykra æðaþelsins við að stuðla að frumuviðloðun á bólgusvæðum. Á meðan Bertozzi vann með Rosen við UCSF tókst henni að breyta prótíni og sykursameindum í veggjum lifandi frumna til þess að þær tækju við aðkomuefni eins og ígræðslum.

Bertozzi hlaut starf við Berkeley árið 1996. Hún hefur verið rannsakandi við Howard Hughes-læknisfræðistofnunina (HHMI) frá árinu 2000. Árið 1999, á meðan Bertozzi vann hjá HHMI og Berkeley, lagði hún grunn að fræðigreininni líffræðilegri þverstæðuefnafræði, og gaf henni nafn sitt árið 2003. Þetta nýja fræðasvið og aðferðir þess gera rannsakendum kleift að efnabreyta sameindum í lifandi verum án þess að trufla virkni frumunnar. Árið 2015 flutti Bertozzi til Stanford-háskóla til að ganga til liðs við ChEM-H-stofnunina.

Bertozzi rannsakar fásykrufræðilega þætti undirliggjandi sjúkdóma eins og krabbameins, bólgusjúkdóma eins og liðagigtar og smitsjúkdóma eins og berkla. Með rannsóknum sínum hefur hún aukið skilning því hvernig fásykrur á yfirborði frumna gera þeim kleift að bera kennsl hver á aðra og eiga samskipti sín á milli. Bertozzi hefur beitt aðferðum líffræðilegrar þverstæðuefnafræði til að rannsaka sykurhismann, sykrurnar sem umlykja frumuhimnuna.

Rannsóknarstofa Bertozzi hefur jafnframt þróað rannsóknarverkfæri. Meðal annars hefur hún búið til efnafræðiverkfæri til að rannsaka glýkana í lífkerfum. Þróun rannsóknarstofunnar á örtækjum sem rannsaka lífkerfi leiddi til þróunar fljótvirkra berklaskoðunartækja árið 2018. Árið 2017 var Bertozzi boðið að taka til máls á TED talk-fundi vegna uppgötvunar rannsóknarstofu hennar á sykrum á yfirburði krabbameinsfrumna og getu þeirra til að forðast varnir ónæmiskerfisins.

Útgefin verk
Bertozzi er með rúmlega 600 greinar á Web of Science. Oftast hefur verið vísað í eftirfarandi:

Tilvísanir

Bandarískir efnafræðingar
Nóbelsverðlaunahafar í efnafræði

Carolyn R. Bertozzi


Tokajík este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Stropkov din regiunea Prešov. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 103 locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Tokajík este atestată documentar din 1430.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Tokajík, Stropkov


Joseph Patrick Hurley (Cleveland, 21. siječnja 1894. – Orlando, 30. listopada 1967.), bio je američki biskup i nuncij.

Dana 15. siječnja 1946. imenovan je prvim pročelnikom Papinske misije u Jugoslaviji. Bio je sudionik Drugog vatikanskog sabora.

Izvori

Američki biskupi
Apostolski nunciji
Biskupi u SAD-u

Joseph Patrick Hurley


Sergius III  may refer to:

Pope Sergius III (reigned 897 and 911), Italian-born pope
Sergius III of Naples, duke in the 990s
Sergius III of Amalfi, duke in 1031–1073

Sergius III


Sabine Krüger (* 13. März 1956 in Berlin) ist eine deutsche Liedermacherin und Autorin.

Leben

Sabine Krüger wuchs in Berlin auf. Erste Bühnenerfahrungen sammelte sie erst mit 44 Jahren. Vorher schrieb sie Texte für andere Interpreten sowie Kinderlieder für die Fernsehsendungen aus der MDR-Reihe »Eene meene mopel«.

2001 zog sie nach Sylt. Seitdem gibt sie regelmäßige Kleinkunst-Auftritte ausschließlich mit eigenen Liedern auf Sylt und anderen Kleinkunstbühnen mit Solo-Programmen wie z. B. Liebe, Triebe, Seitenhiebe oder Meine Lieder.

2009 erschien ihr Buch Schnarchen oder das Konzert der geschluckten Kröten. 2014 veröffentlichte sie in dem Buch Armutszeugnisse Bilder ihres Vaters, des Berliner Fotografen Heinrich Kuhn, zum Thema West-Berlin vor der Stadterneuerung in den sechziger Jahren. Es enthält zusätzlich ein Essay von Boris von Brauchitsch über Die Geschichte des Berliner Mietshauses. 2014 veröffentlichte sie als Fotografin das Fotobuch Meerditationen.

Werke

Kabarett- und Chansonprogramme

 Liebe, Triebe, Seitenhiebe
 Ihnen kann ick's ja sagen
 Meine Lieder

CDs
 Ihnen kann ick's ja sagen
 Ick lass ma liften
 Abenteuer Westerland
 Liebe, Triebe, Seitenhiebe
 Die schöne Hand (Single)
 Westerland tut gut (mit Petra Reiber), Coolmusic 2004
 Meine Lieder

Buchveröffentlichungen

 Jonas: über das Leben, die Krankheit und den Tod meines Kindes. 2. erweiterte Auflage. Hübner, Lehrte 2011, ISBN 978-3-927359-31-4.
 Schnarchen – oder das Konzert der geschluckten Kröten und wie man sie zum Schweigen bringt. 3. erw. Auflage. Hübner, Lehrte 2010, ISBN 978-3-927359-38-3.
 Meerditationen: 90 Meereslandschaften. 1. Auflage. Edition Braus, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-86228-107-7.
 Ein Sch(l)afbuch: 70 Bilder von Sylter Schafen und Sylter Landschaften. 1. Auflage. EILAND Verlag 2016, ISBN 978-3-86926-393-9.
Herausgeberschaft
 Armutszeugnisse: West-Berlin vor der Stadterneuerung in den sechziger Jahren. 1. Auflage. Edition Braus, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-86228-089-6.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Webpräsenz

Belege

Liedermacher
Autor
Person (Sylt)
Deutscher
Geboren 1956
Frau

Sabine Krüger (Liedermacherin)


Sofie Korner (née le  à Vienne, morte en déportation le  à Izbica) est une peintre autrichienne.

Biographie
De 1902 à 1904, Sofie Korner fréquente l'école technique de peinture décorative et d'arts graphiques de l'université des arts appliqués de Vienne, où elle est l'élève de Felician Myrbach, Erich Mallina, Rudolf von Larisch et Adolf Michael Boehm. Elle poursuit ses études auprès de Bernhard Pankok à Stuttgart et peut-être aussi à Paris et dans l'école d'artistes hongrois de Nagybánya.

En 1919, Korner suit Johannes Itten, dont elle avait auparavant fréquenté l'école d'art privée à Vienne, au Bauhaus à Weimar. Elle n'y fait pas tout de suite des études à cause d'une maladie, mais effectue un apprentissage préliminaire en 1920 et étudie le dessin en 1921, financée par une bourse. En 1922, elle participe à la première exposition du Bauhaus à l'étranger, qui a lieu à Calcutta, en Inde, et présente 250 œuvres de maîtres et d'étudiants du Bauhaus. La seule vente de l'exposition est une aquarelle de Korner, achetée par le poète Rabindranath Tagore.

Des voyages en Italie, en Dalmatie, en Hongrie et en Bohême inspirent Korner à créer un grand nombre de peintures de paysages. Elle expose à plusieurs reprises à la Künstlerhaus de Vienne, notamment à la  exposition annuelle de la Coopérative des artistes de Vienne (1909). En tant que membre de la Bundes der geistig Tätigen initiée par Robert Müller et de l'Association autrichienne des artistes féminines, elle participe à leurs expositions en 1919 et 1930.

Les nazis persécutent Sofie Korner en raison de ses origines juives. Le , elle et son père sont déportés à Izbica et assassinés.

Œuvre

Sofie Korner peint principalement des paysages, des tableaux de genre et des portraits. Vers 1910, elle crée également des représentations monumentales de nus féminins et masculins dans un contexte biblique. Elle se tourne très tôt vers l'expressionnisme.

Au cours des recherches préparatoires de l'exposition  2021-2022 au Musée Bauhaus de Weimar, plus de 50 œuvres de Sofie Korner sont retrouvées avec l'aide de proches d'Australie, de Suisse et des États-Unis. Les nouvelles connaissances sur l'artiste sont incluses dans le catalogue de l'exposition.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Peintre expressionniste autrichien
Peintre autrichienne
Peintre autrichien du XXe siècle
Victime de la Shoah en Autriche
Naissance en décembre 1879
Naissance à Vienne (Autriche)
Décès en juin 1942
Décès à 62 ans
Décès dans la voïvodie de Lublin
Victime autrichienne de la Shoah
Naissance en Autriche-Hongrie

Sofie Korner


P.A.O.K. (græsk Πανθεσσαλονίκειος Αθλητικός Όμιλος Κωνσταντινοπολιτών (Panthessalonikios Athlitikos Omilos Konstantinoupoliton) (dansk: Thessalonikis Idrætsklub for konstantinopolitanere)) er en idrætsklub i Thessaloniki, Grækenland. Klubben er grundlagt i 1926 og rummer i dag en række forskellige sportsgrene, herunder basketball, boksning, volleyball, vandpolo, svømning og vægtløftning. P.A.O.K. har især gjort sig gældende indenfor fodbold, hvor den har spillet i den græske ligas  øverste række uafbrudt siden ligaens oprettelse i 1959.

Historie
P.A.O.K. har sine rødder tilbage til Konstantinopel, hvor nogle fra byens store græske befolkningsgruppe oprettede idrætsklubben Hermes. Efter den Græsk-tyrkiske krig (1919-1922) blev store befolkningsgrupper udvekslet mellem de to lande; 1,5 mio grækere blev udvist fra Tyrkiet og mange af dem kom til Thessaloniki, herunder folk som havde været aktive i Hermes. For at markere tilknytningen til Konstantinopel dannede de en idrætsforening, hvor byen indgik i navnet.

Anlæg
P.A.O.K. råder over egne idrætsanlæg. Fodboldstadionet Toumba (græsk: Στάδιο Τούμπας) , der ligger i bydelen af samme navn, 2 km. fra byens centrum, har ca. 28.000 pladser.  P.A.O.K. Sports Arena (græsk: στό γήπεδο ΠΑΟΚ) i forstaden Pylaia, 7 km. fra centrum rummer 8.500 pladser og bruges fortrinsvis til basketball, volleyball og håndbold.

Idrætsgrene
P.A.O.K. rummer udover fodbold afdelinger for en række andre idrætsgrene, hvoraf de vigtigste er basketball, boksning, brydning, volleyball, vandpolo, svømning og vægtløftning.

Fodbold

PAOK har ligget i top-5 i græsk fodbold næsten hvert år siden oprettelsen. Senest vandt de pokalturneringen i 2017.

Basketball

P.A.O.K.'s basketball omfatter bårde mænd og kvinder. Mændenes hold har vundet det græske mesterskab to gange (1959 og 1992) og den græske pokalturnering tre gange (1984, 1995 og 1999).

Volleyball
PAOK blev græsk mester i 2015, 2016 og 2017.

Referencer

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

Etableret i 1926
Sport i Grækenland
Thessaloniki

P.A.O.K.


Die Quercuslactone (von lateinisch quercus "Eiche") sind organisch-chemische Verbindungen, die u. a. in alkoholischen Getränken wie Whisky, Sherry und Brandy vorkommen. Daher nennt man sie auch "Whisky-Lactone".

Isomerie
Sie treten in den vier stereoisomeren Konfigurationen (3R,4R) bzw. (3S,4S) (beide Substituenten in cis-Stellung) und (3S,4R) bzw. (3R,4S) (beide Substituenten in trans-Stellung) auf, d. h. in Form von zwei Enantiomerenpaaren, die jeweils eine unterschiedliche optische Aktivität aufweisen (siehe unten in der Infobox).

Die Substituenten sind dabei in 3-Stellung die Methylgruppe und in 4-Stellung die n-Butylgruppe am γ-Butyrolacton-Ring; nach neuerer Nomenklatur sind dies die 4- und die 5-Stellung.

Im Whiskyaroma kommen nur die (3S,4S)- und (3S,4R)-Isomere vor.

Eigenschaften
Je nach Konfiguration haben die Verbindungen unterschiedliche sensorische Eigenschaften. Die beiden cis-Isomere weisen dabei eine zehnmal niedrigere Geruchsschwelle auf als die beiden trans-Isomere.

Entstehung
Quercuslactone entstehen bei der Lagerung von Wein und Spirituosen in Eichenfässern aus Inhaltsstoffen des Eichenholzes

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 A. J. Buglass (Hrsg.): Handbook of alcoholic beverages. Bd. 1. Wiley, Chichester 2011, S. 523–524 ().
 Charakterisierung der Whiskylaktone im Holz rheinland-pfälzischer Eichen. (PDF; 104 kB)

Aromastoff
Duftstoff
Whisky
Stoffgruppe
 Quercuslactone

en:3-Methyl-4-octanolide

Quercuslactone


Magach (Tacumbú, Siacuás, Agaz, Agaces), južna skupina Payaguá Indijaanaca koji su u vrijeme kontakta s Europljanima živjeli na 25° 17′ južne geografske širine, u današnjoj Argentini. Nazivom Agaz ili Agaces naziva ih se u španjolskim izvorima iz 16. stoljeća. Njihovi posljednji ostaci nestali su u Asunciónu, gdje se nalaze od 1740-te godine, i gdje su se očuvali zajedno sa Sariguama, do 1820-tih godina.

Izvori

Guaycuruan
Argentinski Indijanci
Indijanska plemena

Magach


Hiroshi Tetsuto (født 28. september 1982) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Sagan Tosu og Matsumoto Yamaga FC.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Hiroshi Tetsuto


Die Evangelische Kirche in Eichtersheim, einem Ortsteil der Gemeinde Angelbachtal im Rhein-Neckar-Kreis im nördlichen Baden-Württemberg, wurde 1792 errichtet.

Geschichte und Beschreibung
Die evangelische Kirche befindet sich erhöht auf einem Hügel an der Hauptstraße des Ortes. Der Sandsteinbau wurde 1792 im barocken Stil errichtet und ersetzte die alte Kirche von 1452. Der Turm wurde 1886 erneuert. Die älteste Glocke stammt von 1506. Wie andere Gebäude im Ort, das Rentamt und die Schlosskirche, wurde auch die evangelische Kirche von Carl Philipp von Venningen (1728–1797) und Maria Anna von Hutten zu Stolzenberg († 1781) erbaut.

Ausstattung
Die Orgel wurde 1975 von dem Orgelbauer Rensch (Lauffen a.N.) erbaut. Das Orgelwerk ist bereits das Dritte in dem Gehäuse der ersten Orgel, die 1806 von dem Orgelbauer Andreas Ubhauser errichtet wurde. Einzig das Pedalregister Subbass 16′ stammt noch von diesem historischen Instrument. Einige weitere Register stammen aus dem zweiten Orgelwerk von Steinmeyer aus dem Jahre 1903. Das Instrument hat 20 Register auf zwei Manualwerken und Pedal. Die Spiel- und Registertrakturen sowie Koppeln sind mechanisch.

 Koppeln: I/II, I/P, II/P.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Eichtersheim
Eichtersheim
Erbaut in den 1790er Jahren
Bauwerk aus Sandstein
Eichtersheim
Eichtersheim

Evangelische Kirche (Eichtersheim)


The hectograph, gelatin duplicator or jellygraph is a printing process that involves transfer of an original, prepared with special inks, to a pan of gelatin or a gelatin pad pulled tight on a metal frame.

While the original use of the technology has diminished, it has recently been revived for use in the art world. The hectograph has been modernized and made practical for anyone to use.

Process
The special aniline dyes for making the master image came in the form of ink or in pens, pencils, carbon paper and even typewriter ribbon. Hectograph pencils and pens are sometimes still available. Various other inks have been found usable to varying degrees in the process; master sheets for spirit duplicators have also been pressed into service. Unlike a spirit duplicator master, a hectograph master is not a mirror image. Thus, when using a spirit duplicator master with a hectograph, one writes on the back of the purple sheet, using it like carbon paper to produce an image on the white sheet, rather than writing on the front of the white sheet to produce a mirror image on its back.

The master is placed on the gelatin and spirits applied to transfer the ink from the master to the gelatin. After transfer of the image to the inked gelatin surface, copies are made by pressing paper against it.

When a pad ceased to be useful, the gelatin could be soaked with spirits, the ink sponged away, and the pad left clean for the next master.

Storage
A grey-colored, thick, absorbent paper pad was supplied to cover the gelatin surface for storage. This also removed ink from the surface, but it took many hours to do so. Care needed to be taken that the gelatin surface was kept clean, and not damaged (e.g. by fingernails) during duplicating.

Although the name "hecto-graph" implies production of 100 copies, in reality the gelatin process produced print runs of somewhere between 20 and 80 copies, depending upon the skill of the user and the quality of the original. At least eight different colors of hectographic ink were available at one time, but purple was the most popular because of its density and contrast.

Historical uses

Hectography, requiring limited technology and leaving few traces behind, has been deemed useful both in low-technology environments and in clandestine circumstances where discretion was necessary. In the earlier 20th century, the process lent itself to small runs of school classroom test papers, church newsletters and science fiction fanzines. Prisoners-of-war at Stalag Luft III (the scene of The Great Escape) and at Colditz Castle during World War II used an improvised hectograph to reproduce documents for a planned escape attempt.

The Communist authorities in the Jiangsu–Anhui Border Area of China used the process for postage stamps in November 1948, produced in sheets of 35, with thirteen $50 values, six $100, twelve $200, two $300 and two $500 values.

It has also been used, though not very extensively, as an artistic medium in printmaking. The Russian Futurists used it for book illustrations, and the German expressionist Emil Nolde made four hectographs.

Stephen King, in his book On Writing, writes of how he and his elder brother Dave used the process to create their newspaper, Dave's Rag.

It was also used in professional situations; in Macy's advertising department during the 1950s and 1960s, full-page newspaper ad layouts were drawn with hectograph pencils and then duplicated on a hectograph to make file copies for future reference. Before the popularization of spirit duplicators and the mimeograph, there were mechanized hectography machines that used a drum, rather than a simple flat tray of gelatin.

In fiction
In the final chapters of The Pothunters by P. G. Wodehouse the major characters use a jellygraph to produce a school magazine at very short notice. Wodehouse assumes his reader knows exactly what a jellygraph is and alludes to its being unattractive: "This jelly business makes one beastly sticky. I think we'll keep to print in future."

George Orwell's Keep the Aspidistra Flying (1936) describes a somewhat more subversive schoolboy publication:

Present day
While the hectograph process is obsolete for printing on paper, it is still used for making temporary tattoos on human skin. Tattoo artists use hectograph pencils to draw pictures on paper and then transfer them to the recipient's skin.

A similar method is used by nail artists and manicurists for a process called nail stamping. Nail polish is brushed onto a metal plate which is etched with a pattern. After wiping off the excess, the stamping block is pushed against the plate, picking up the polish retained by the etched area, which is then transferred to the recipient's fingernail.

It is also used to create unique acrylic paint prints. The gelatine hectograph has been commercialized by Joan Bess and Lou Ann Gleason. The hectograph has been plasticized, and made more resilient. Recipes are available on the Web for creating a printing plate from common household materials.

The basic printing technique is uncomplicated. Paint is spread over the plate with a brayer, a sheet of paper is placed over the paint, then the back of the paper is rubbed briefly and the print pulled up. The wet paint adheres to the paper. The attractive characteristics of the prints are due to the marks made in the paint before the paper is placed on the plate.

The substrate materials used for printing are diverse: any paper can be used; fabric, plastic/acetate sheets, different types of tape, cardboard, wooden boards, sheet metal, almost anything that paint will stick to can be used. The prints can be used in many different artistic applications.

See also
Spirit duplicator
Duplicating machines
List of duplicating processes

References

External links

The Scientific American Cyclopedia of Receipts, Notes and Queries (1901) p. 261 Instructions and recipes for making a hektograph.

Printmaking
Printing devices

Hectograph


Radio 2 may refer to:

 ABC Radio 2, former name of ABC's Radio National, Australia (1947–1985)
 BBC Radio 2, a British national music radio station
 CBC Radio 2, a Canadian national music radio network
 CyBC Radio 2, Cyprus national radio
 NPO Radio 2, a Dutch radio station
 Radio 2 (Australian radio station), a defunct narrowband Australian radio network (2001–2006)
 Radio 2 (Belgium), a Belgian radio station
 Radio 2 (Estonia) (Raadio 2), an Estonian radio station
 Radio 2 (Ghana), a national radio station in Ghana
 Radio 2 (Hong Kong), a Hong Kong radio station
 Rai Radio 2, an Italian radio station
 RTÉ 2fm, an Irish music radio station originally known as Radio 2

Radio 2


Gauche Socialiste is an officially recognised faction within the political party Quebec solidaire and an affiliate of the reunified Fourth International.

Origins

It was formed in 1983 by Trotskyists who left or were expelled from the Revolutionary Workers League/Ligue Ouvrière Révolutionnaire when the group turned away from Trotskyism in the early 1980s. Gauche Socialiste members had previously been in the Organisation Combat Socialiste, which existed from 1980 to 1982, and were briefly part of the Mouvement socialiste, which was founded in 1981.
Gauche Socialiste is the Quebec section of the reunified Fourth International. The group publishes the periodical La Gauche. The group's counterpart in English Canada was Socialist Challenge which later joined the New Socialist Group and forms a Fourth International Caucus within it.

In 2002, Gauche Socialiste participated in the creation of the Union des forces progressistes (UFP) and subsequently in 2006 supported the creation of Quebec solidaire through the merger of the UFP and Option citoyenne. In 2007, GS was one of two groups to receive party recognition as a collective (faction).

References

External links
 La Politique québécoise sur le Web
Marxist Organizations in Quebec Since the Early 1970s: Our Continuity

Communism in Quebec
Trotskyist organizations in Canada
Fourth International (post-reunification)
Provincial political parties in Quebec
Political parties established in 1983
Political party factions in Canada

Gauche Socialiste


Le nom scientifique Centaurea elegans peut faire référence à :
 Centaurea elegans All. (1785), un synonyme de Galactites tomentosa subsp. cineraria ;
 Centaurea elegans Salisb., un synonyme de Centaurea cineraria.

~
~
~
Nom de plante ambigu

Centaurea elegans


An Cynorkis lindleyana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Johan Hermans. An Cynorkis lindleyana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cynorkis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Cynorkis

Cynorkis lindleyana


Merle Oberon (egentlig Estelle Merle O'Brien Thompson; født 19. februar 1911, død 23. november 1979) var en indisk-født britisk skuespiller.

Biografi
Oberon opholdt sig i Indien indtil hendes 17 år, da hun flyttede til London. Hendes første år i London efterlod ingen store spor i filmhistorien, men hendes roller var stort set ubetydelige og let glemt.

I 1933 spillede hun først en rolle i filmen Henrik den Ottendes privatliv, hvor hun havde rollen som Anne Boleyn. I 1934 optrådte hun som Lady Marguerite Blakeney i Den røde Pimpernel overfor Leslie Howard og begyndte sin karriere i USA. Merle Oberon blev nomineret i 1935 til en Oscar for bedste kvindelige hovedrolle i filmen Den sorte engel, men var efter ikke bemærket nogen nogen tid efter. I slutningen af 1930'erne og 1940'erne var der en filmperiode med ca. 20 film.

Merle Oberon var gift fire gange - første gang med den britiske instruktør af Den Røde Pimpernel, Alexander Korda. Hendes sidste ægteskab var med skuespilleren Robert Wolders fra 1975 indtil sin død i 1979.

Hun er blevet tildelt en stjerne på Hollywood Walk of Fame på 6274 Hollywood Blvd.

Filmografi (udvalg)
 1933 – Henrik den Ottendes privatliv
 1934 – Den røde Pimpernel
 1935 – Den sorte engel
 1936 – De tre
 1937 – I, Claudius (ufærdig)
 1938 – Ham og ingen anden
 1938 – Lady X's skilsmisse
 1939 – Stormfulde højder
 1940 – 'Til We Meet Again
 1941 – Affectionately Yours
 1941 – Gennemtræk i paradis
 1943 – Vi mødes på Broadway
 1943 – I dag og for evigt
 1944 – Den mystiske logerende
 1947 – Nattens melodi
 1948 – Berliner-ekspressen

Kildehenvisninger

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra Indien
Skuespillere fra Storbritannien
Personer fra Mumbai
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Briter i 1900-tallet

Merle Oberon


Lee Man-hee ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Lee Man-hee (Regisseur) (1931–1975), südkoreanischer Filmregisseur
 Lee Man-hee (Shincheonji) (* 1931), koreanischer Missionar

Lee Man-hee


Tribina Galerije Uffizi (engleski: Tribuna of the Uffizi) je slika sjeveroistočnoga dijela Tribine galerije Uffizi u Firenci, koju je između 1772. i 1778. naslikao Johan Zoffany. Slika je dio Kraljevske zbirke Ujedinjenoga Kraljevstva.

Izrada
Johan Zoffany bio je slikar iz Njemačke, koji je postao uspješan u Londonu. Među njegovim glavnim pokroviteljima bila je kraljevska obitelj. U ljeto 1772., Zoffany je otišao iz Londona u Firenzu, s narudžbom kraljice Charlotte, da naslika Firentinsku galeriju. (Ni ona, niti njezin muž kralj Juraj III. nisu nikada osobno posjetili Italiju.) Dogovorena cijena bila je visokih 300 funti. Felton Hervey, koji je posjedovao veliku umjetničku zbirku i poznavao kraljevsku obitelj, susreo se s Zoffanyjem u Firenzi. Prikazan je na istaknutom mjestu na slici, u prosincu 1772. Zoffany je krajem 1777. još uvijek radio na slici, vratio se u Englesku tek 1779., Hervey je tada već bio umro.

Prikazane umjetnine
Zoffany je izmijenio aranžman umjetnina te prikazao i druge iz zbirke obitelji Medici. Dobio je posebne povlastice, za što su mu pomogli George Clavering-Cowper, 3. grof Cowper i Sir Horace Mann, 1. barunet. Tako je sedam slika, uključujući Rafaelovu Madonna della Sedia, privremeno doneseno iz palače Pitti, kako bi ih mogao slikati na licu mjesta, u Tribini. Kao zahvalu, Zoffany je prikazao Cowpera na slici kako promatra svoju tek nabavljenu umjetninu, Rafaelovu Madonnu Niccolini-Cowper (Cowper se nadao da će je prodati kralju; danas se nalazi u Nacionalnoj galeriji umjetnosti u Washingtonu), a Zoffany je prikazan kako je drži (lijevo od fauna koji pleše).

Neuokvirena Samijska sibila na podu kupljena je za zbirku Medicijevih, 1777. Bila je to radna kopija privjeska Guercinovoj Libijskoj sibili, koju je nedavno kupio Juraj III., i možda je prikazana kao kompliment prema njemu.

Slike

Kipovi i drugo
Kipovi iz zbirke Medicijevih iz drevnoga Rima danas su uglavnom u glavnim hodnicima Galerije Uffizi, osim onih koji su još u Tribini, i osim manjih poprsja i kipića (nekih drevnih, nekih pseudo-drevnih), koji su u vlasništvu Nacionalnoga arheološkoga muzeja u Firenci i trajno izloženi u Vili Corsini a Castello blizu Firence. Brojne kipove sa Zoffanyjeve slike, međutim, tek treba identificirati. Drugi drevni izlošci (etruščanski, egipatski, grčki) uglavnom su u Nacionalnom arheološkom muzeju. Malobrojni renesansni izlošci iz Tribine danas su u muzeju Bargello.

Osobe na slici
Svi poznavatelji, diplomati i posjetitelji u Firenci mogu se identificirati.

Prva skupina ljudi nalazi se oko Niccolinijeva Bogorodice. S lijeva, stojeći, nalaze se George Clavering-Cowper, 3. grof Cowper, Sir John Dick, barunet od Braida, Other Windsor, 6. grof od Plymoutha i sam slikar, Johann Zoffany. S druge strane slike slijede g. Stevenson i njegov prijatelj George Legge, 3. grof od Dartmoutha, dok na stolici sjedi Charles Loraine Smith i, iza njega, sagnut, Richard Edgcumbe, kasnije 2. grof od Mount Edgcumbea.

Još su dva poznavatelja blizu Satira. Prvi je navodno Joseph Leeson, 2. grof od Milltowna, iako se njegov portret ne podudara u dobi i sličnosti s onim u Nacionalnoj galeriji Irske, autora Pompea Batonija, i Valentine Knightley iz Fawsleya.

Nadalje, prema središtu slike, Pietro Bastianelli, kustos Galerije Uffiyi, pokazuje Tizianovu Veneru od Urbina Johnu Gordonu, zatim Thomas Patch (vjerojatno muškarac koji dotiče Veneru), Sir John Taylor, 1. barunet, i Sir Horace Mann. Muškarac koji sjedi, gledajući unatrag, je Felton Hervey.

U skupini oko Venere Medicijevih su John Finch, 9. grof od Winchilsea, g. Wilbraham (jedan od sinova Rogera Wilbrahama iz Natwicha), g. Watts, g. Doughty i, s druge strane, Thomas Wilbraham (drugi sin) i James Bruce.

Napomene

Izvori

Bibliografija
 ; tekst prema

 Objašnjenje umjetnina i osoba, objavljeno u

Bilješke

Slike iz 1770-ih
Slike iz Kraljevske zbirke Ujedinjenoga Kraljevstva
Uffizi

Tribina galerije Uffizi (slika)