Enbiya Suresi, Kur'an'ın 21. suresidir. Sure 112 ayetten oluşur.

Enbiya peygamberler anlamına gelir. Sure, 18 peygamberin dini yayma faaliyetlerinden ve çeşitli özelliklerinden bahsettiği için, Enbiya (peygamberler) Suresi adını almıştır. Mekke'de indirildiğine inanılır.

Konuları

Mekkeli paganların inançlarını eleştirir. Musa, Harun, Lut, Davud, Süleyman, Zul-Kifl, Yunus gibi peygamberlerin mücadelelerini anlatır. Yecüc ve Mecüc anlatılır.

Kaynakça

Sureler

Enbiyâ Suresi


Dewey Lewis Hill (August 31, 1925 – June 27, 2023) was an American politician who was a Democratic member of the North Carolina General Assembly representing the state's 20th House district, including constituents in Brunswick and Columbus counties.  Hill was a business executive from Whiteville.

In December 2011, Hill announced that he would not seek re-election in 2012.

Hill died on June 27, 2023, at the age of 97.

References

1925 births
2023 deaths
21st-century American politicians
Democratic Party members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
20th-century American politicians
People from Whiteville, North Carolina

Dewey L. Hill


Neobidessodes es un género de coleópteros adéfagos de la familia Dytiscidae.

Especies
Neobidessodes bilita	(Watts 1978)
Neobidessodes darwiniensis	Henrich & Balke 2011
Neobidessodes denticulatus	(Sharp 1882)
Neobidessodes flavosignatus	(Zimmermann 1922)
Neobidessodes grossus	(Zimmermann 1922)
Neobidessodes limestoneensis	(Watts & Humphreys)
Neobidessodes mjobergi	(Zimmermann 1922)
Neobidessodes samkrisi	Hendrich & Balke 2009
Neobidessodes thoracicus	Hendrich & Balke 2009

Referencias

 ;  2011: A simultaneous journal / wiki publication and dissemination of a new species description: Neobidessodes darwiniensis sp. n. from northern Australia (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Bidessini). ZooKeys, 79: 11-20.
 ; ;  2009: The epigean Australasian species of Neobidessodes gen.n. diving beetles—a revision integrating morphology, cybertaxonomy, DNA taxonomy and phylogeny (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Bidessini). Zootaxa, 2288: 1-41. Abstract & excerpt
 ; ;  2010: Descriptions of the first-instar larva of the hypogaeic species Neobidessodes limestoneensis (Watts & Humphreys) and of the third-instar larva of Hydroglyphus balkei Hendrich (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Bidessini) with phylogenetic considerations. Zootaxa, 2658: 38–50. Preview
  1882: On aquatic carnivorous Coleoptera or Dytiscidae. Scientific transactions of the Royal Dublin Society (2), 2: 179-1003, plates VII-XVIII. Internet Archive BHL

Enlaces externos

 Nomenclator Zoologicus [no record]

Bidessini

Neobidessodes


සංවිධාන පරිසරයේ කිසියම් සාධකයක් හේතුකොටගෙන සංවිධානය තුල සිටින සේවක මණ්ඩල අතර හටගන්නා නොඑකඟතාවයක් සංවිධාන ගැටුමක් නම්වේ. මෙහිදී, කළමනාකරුවන් සහ කළමනාකරුවන්, කළමනාකරුවන් සහ සේවකයන්, සේවකයන් සහ සේවකයන්, කළමනාකරුවන් සහ සේවකයන් බාහිර පරිසරය අතරද සංවිධාන ගැටුම් ඇතිවිය හැක.  සංවිධාන ගැටුම් නිර්මාණය වන්නාවූ මට්ටම් වලට අනුව සංවිධාන ගැටුම් වර්ග කල හැකිය.

පුද්ගල ගැටුම් (Individual Conflict) - යම් පුද්ගලයෙකු බලාපොරොත්තු වූ ඉලක්කයක් ඔහු බලාපොරොත්තු වූ ආකාරයට ඉතුකර ගැනීමට නොහැකි වූ කල පුද්ගල ගැටුම ඇතිවේ. මෙය අන්තර්වර්තීය ගැටුම ලෙසද හඳුන්වයි.
අන්තර් පුද්ගල ගැටුම ( Interpersonal Conflict) - පුද්ගලයන් දෙදෙනෙකු අතර ඇතිවේ.
කණ්ඩායම් ගැටුම (Group Conflict) - කිසියම් ගැටුමකට පුද්ගලයන් කිහිපදෙනෙක් සම්බන්ධ වනවිට කණ්ඩායම් ගැටුමක් ලෙස හඳුන්වයි.
සංවිධාන ගැටුම (Organizational Conflict) - ඉහත සඳහන් සියලුම ගැටුම් සමස්තයක් ලෙස ගත්කල සංවිධාන ගැටුම් ලෙස හඳුන්වනු ලැබේ.

සංවිධාන ගැටුමක් සමහර විටෙක සංවිධාන අරමුණු ඉටුකරගැනීම සඳහා නැග එන්නක් විය හැක. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස සංවිධානයක අංශ දෙකක් අතර නිෂ්පාදන පුවරුවක් (Production Board)  බෙදාගැනීම සඳහා ඇතිවන ගැටුම ගතහොත් එය ඉහල නිෂ්පාදනයක් සඳහා කණ්ඩායම් දෙකක් උත්සාහ කිරීමකි. මෙවන් ගැටුම් හිතකර ගැටුම් ලෙස හඳුන්වයි. සංවිධානයක නිෂ්පාදනය ට අහිතකර ලෙස බලපෑම කරන නැතහොත් නිෂ්පාදනය අඩු කරන මට්ටමේ ගැටුම් අහිතකර ගැටුම් ලෙස හඳුන්වයි.

කළමනාකරණයේදී  සංවිධාන ගැටුම් පිලිබඳ මතවාද තුනක් දැකිය හැක.

සම්ප්‍රදායික දැක්ම (Traditional View)  - මේ අනුව සියලුම සංවිධාන ගැටුම් නැවැත්විය යුතුයි.
මානව සම්බන්ධතා දැක්ම (Human Relations View) - මේ අනුව හිතකර ගැටුම් කළමනාකරුවන් විසින් පිළිගත යුතුයි.
අන්තර් ක්‍රියාකාරී දැක්ම (Interactive View) - මේ අනුව ගැටුම් පිළිගැනීමට අමතරව කළමනාකරුවන් විසින් හිතාමත ගැටුම් නිර්මාණය කර ඒවා යහපත් ආකාරයෙන් පවත්වා ගතයුතුය.

සංවිධාන ගැටුම් ක්‍රියාවලිය

මේ අනුව බලනවිට, සංවිධාන ගැටුමක් සඳහා කොන්දේසි පැවතිය යුතුය. සන්නිවේදනය, සංවිධාන ව්‍යුහය, පුද්ගලයන්ගේ මතවාද සහ අදහස් යම් ආකාරයකට ගැටුම් ඇතිවීම කෙරෙහි බලපායි.මෙම හේතුකාරකයන් අදාල පාර්ශවය විසින් මානසිකව අවබෝධ කරගැනීම සංජානනය නම්වේ. ගැටුම සංජානනය වූ පාර්ශවය විසින් අනෙක් පාර්ශවයට අදහස් දැක්වීම කරනු ලබයි. තර්ක කිරීම, සාකච්ජා කිරීම , මගහැරීම යනාදිය සමහර විකල්ප අදහස් කිහිපයකි.
සංවිධාන ගැටුම දැක බලාගත හැකි අදියර වන්නේ චර්යාත්මක අවස්ථාවේදීයි. පාර්ශව දෙකක හෝ කිහිපයක ඇති මතවාද, ආකල්ප සහ ආවේගශීලී ක්‍රියාකාරකම් වලින් චර්යාත්මක පියවර සමන්විත වෙයි. සංවිධාන ගැටුම අවසානයේ හිතකර හෝ අහිතකර ප්‍රතිඑල දැකබලාගත හැකිය.

සංවිධාන ගැටුම් කළමනාකරණය - Managing Organizational Conflicts

සංවිධානයට හිතකර ගැටුම් නිර්මාණය කිරීමත් අහිතකර වියහැකි ගැටුම් වැළැක්වීම සඳහාත් කළමනාකරුවන් විසින් ගනුලබන ශිල්ප ක්‍රම සංවිධාන ගැටුම් කළමනාකරණය නම්වේ.
මෙහිදී
 හිතකර ගැටුම් ඇතිකිරීම සඳහා ගැටුම් උත්තේජන ශිල්ප ක්‍රම (Conflict Stimulation Techniques) භාවිත කලයුතු අතර
අහිතකර ගැටුම් නැතිකිරීම සඳහා ගැටුම් විසඳුම් ශිල්ප ක්‍රම (Conflict Resolution Techniques) භාවිත කලයුතුය.

හිතකර ගැටුම් ඇතිකිරීම
වැරදි සන්නිවේදනයන් නැතිකිරීම
සම්පත් සංරක්ෂණය කිරීම
සංවිධාන ව්‍යුහය වෙනස්කිරීම
වගකීම් පැවරීම
බාහිර පුද්ගලයන් කණ්ඩායම් තුලට ඇතුලත් කිරීම

අහිතකර ගැටුම් නැතිකිරීම
සංජානනීය පාර්ශව සමග සාකච්ජා කිරීම
කණ්ඩායම් හැගීම් ඇතිකිරීම
සම්පත් පරිභෝජනය කාර්යක්ෂම කිරීම
සංවිධාන ව්‍යුහය නිසි පරිදි වෙනස් කිරීම

මූලාශ්‍ර

Prof. J S Chandan (2004), Management Theory and Practice, Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd, ISBN 0-7069-9030-7

S C Sharma (1999), Management of Systems, Khanna Publishers, ISBN 8174090932

කළමනාකරණය

සංවිධාන ගැටුම්


Wimbledon-mesterskabet i damedouble 2019 var den 97. turnering om Wimbledon-mesterskabet i damedouble. Turneringen var en del af Wimbledon-mesterskaberne 2019, og kampene med deltagelse af 64 par blev spillet i perioden 3. - 14. juli 2019 i All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club i London, Storbritannien.

Mesterskabet blev vundet af Hsieh Su-Wei og Barbora Strýcová, som i finalen besejrede Gabriela Dabrowski og Xu Yifan med 6−4, 6−2 på en time og seks minutter, og vinderparret spillede sig igennem turneringen uden sættab, hvilket senest skete i 2009. Dermed vandt Hsieh sin anden Wimbledon-titel i damedouble, idet hun tidligere havde vundet mesterskabet i 2013 med Peng Shuai som makker, og hendes tredje grand slam-titel i karrieren, da hun og Peng også havde vundet French Open-mesterskabet i damedouble. Det var til gengæld Strýcovás første grand slam-titel i hendes karriere. Indtil da havde hendes bedste grand slam-resultater været med semifinaler i damedouble.

Finalen skulle egentlig have været spillet lørdag den 13. juli efter herredoublefinalen, men den blev udsat til dagen efter, fordi herredoubleslutkampen først endte kl 21:00.

Resultaterne medførte, at Barbora Strýcová overtog førstepladsen på WTA's verdensrangliste i double for første gang i sin karriere.

Dette var det første Wimbledon-mesterskab, hvor det afgørende sæt kunne blive afgjort i tiebreak, da arrangørerne havde bestemt, at der skulle spilles tiebreak ved stillingen 12−12 i tredje sæt. Reglen kom dog ikke i brug i damedoublerækken, idet ingen af kampene nåede længere end til 9−7 i afgørende sæt. Det var endvidere det første Wimbledon-mesterskab i damedouble uden en kvalifikationsturnering siden 1946, fordi kvalifikationsturneringerne i doublerækkerne siden sidste mesterskab var blevet afskaffet til fordel for en udvidelse af damesinglekvalifikationen fra 96 til 128 deltagere.

Pengepræmier og ranglistepoint

Den samlede præmiesum til spillerne i damedouble androg £ 2.292.000 (ekskl. per diem), hvilket var en stigning på 14,2 % i forhold til året før.

Turnering

Deltagere

Turneringen havde deltagelse af 64 par, der var fordelt på:
 57 direkte kvalificerede par i form af deres ranglisteplacering i double.
 7 par, der har modtaget et wildcard (markeret med WC).

Seedede spillere

De 16 bedst placerede af deltagerne på WTA's verdensrangliste pr. 24. juni 2019 blev seedet.

Wildcards

Fire par modtog et wildcard til turneringen.

Resultater

Kvartfinaler, semifinaler og finale

Første, anden og tredje runde

Se også
 Wimbledon-mesterskabet i herresingle 2019
 Wimbledon-mesterskabet i damesingle 2019
 Wimbledon-mesterskabet i herredouble 2019
 Wimbledon-mesterskabet i mixed double 2019

Eksterne henvisninger
 Wimbledon

Noter

Wimbledon-mesterskaberne 2019
2019
WTA Tour 2019


පැස්කල් ත්‍රිකෝණය යනු ගණිතයේ යෙදෙන ද්විපද සංගුණක ත්‍රිකෝණයක් ආශ්‍රිතව සිදු කරන ජ්‍යාමිතික පෙල ගැස්මකි. එය බටහිර යුරෝපයේ බ්ලේයිස් පැස්කල් ආශ්‍රිතව ගොඩනැඟුණු නමක් වුවද මොහුට පෙර ඉන්දිය‍ාව පර්සියාව චීනය හා ඉතාලිය යන රටවල ගණිතඥයින් මෙම සංකල්පය ඊට ශත වර්ෂ ගණනකට පෙර භාවිතා කර තිබුණි. පැස්කල් ත්‍රිකෝණයේ සම්ප්‍රදායික ලෙස ගණන් කිරීම ආරම්භ වනුයේ බිංදුව වෙනි පේළියෙනි. ඔත්තේ පේළිවල සංඛළ්‍යා ඉරට්ටේ පේළිවල සංඛ්‍යා සමඟ විශේෂ සබඳතාවක් පවත්වයි. පහත ආකාරයට ඉතා සරල ගොඩනැඟීමක් මඟින් ත්‍රිකෝණය ගලා යයි. 0 වෙනි පේළියේ ඇති එකම අංකය 1 පමණි. ඊළඟ පේළියේදී කෙලින්ම ඉහළින් ඇති සංඛ්‍යාව හා වමට ඇති සංඛ්‍යාව එකතු කර නව අගය සොයා ගත හැකිය.

වම හෝ දකු‍ෙණහි සංඛ්‍යාවක් නොපවතීනම් අගය 0 ලෙස ගනී. පළමු පේළියේ පළමු සංඛ්‍යාව 0 + 1 = 1 ලෙස ලබා ගත හැකිය. 3 වන පේළියේ 1 හා 3 එකතු කර 4 වන පේළියේ 4 ලබා ගත හැකිය. ත්‍රිකෝණයේ ඕනෑම සංඛ්‍යාවක් ඊට ඉහළින් ඇති සංඛ්‍යා දෙකෙහි එකතුවට සමාන වේ. මෙම ගොඩනැඟීම පැස්කල් නියමය සම්බන්ධ ද්වීමය සංගුණකය සමඟ සම්බන්ධතාවක් පවත්වයි.

 යනු

(x + y)n ද්විපද ප්‍රසාරණයේ, k වැනි ද්විපද සංගුණකය නම්,
මෙහි n! යනු n හි ක්‍රමාරෝපිත n ය.
එවිට,

ඕනෑම ධන නිඛිලයක් වූ n මෙන්ම k අගය 0 හා n අතර ද වේ. පැස්කල් ත්‍රිකෝණය ඉහළ පරිමාණයෙන් සාමාන්‍යකරණය වී පවතී. ත්‍රිමාණ අවකාශීය අවස්ථා සඳහා පැස්කල් පිරමීඩය යොදා ගනී.

ගණිතය

පැස්කල් ත්‍රිකෝණය


21. breddegrad kan henvise til:

 21. nordlige breddekreds
 21. sydlige breddekreds

21. breddegrad


Phillip Dean Frye was a  Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly representing the state's eighty-fourth House district, including constituents in Avery, Caldwell, Mitchell, and Yancey counties. A business owner from Spruce Pine, North Carolina, Frye served in his first state House term during the 2003–2004 session and his fifth and final term in the 2011–2012 session. He announced in 2011 that he would not run again in 2012 after the legislature passed a redistricting bill that put him in the same district with Rep. Mitch Gillespie.

In December 2007, Frye pleaded guilty to driving while impaired after being arrested on Christmas Eve.

Electoral history

2010

2008

2006

2004

2002

References

External links
Official Legislative page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Republican Party members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
People from Spruce Pine, North Carolina
21st-century American politicians

Phillip D. Frye


අයර්ලන්ත ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායම ටෙස්ට් තරග දෙකකට ක්‍රීඩා කිරීම සඳහා 2023 අප්‍රේල් මාසයේදී ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සංචාරයක නිරත වේ. මුලදී, අයර්ලන්තය එක්දින ජාත්‍යන්තර (එදිජා) තරඟ දෙකක් සමඟ ටෙස්ට් තරඟයකට ක්‍රීඩා කිරීමට නියමිතව තිබුණි. 2023 මාර්තු මාසයේදී, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් වෙතින් ඉල්ලීමකට අනුව,  එක්දින තරඟ දෙක වෙනුවට දෙවන ටෙස්ට් තරඟයක් ඇතුළත් කිරීමට කාලසටහන වෙනස් කරන ලදී.

සංචිත

පෝල් ස්ටර්ලින් අයර්ලන්ත ටෙස්ට් සංචිතයට තෝරාගනු ලැබුවේ දෙවැනි ටෙස්ට් තරගය සඳහා පමණි.

ටෙස්ට් තරගමාලාව

1 වන ටෙස්ට් තරගය

2 වන ටෙස්ට් තරගය

සටහන්

යොමු කිරීම්

2023
ක්‍රිකට්
ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ ක්‍රිකට්

අයර්ලන්ත ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායමේ ශ්‍රී ලංකා තරග සංචාරය 2023


Sarduca veya Sardunyaca (Sarduca: Sardu, Sadru ya da Saldu), İtalya'nın Sardinya adasının resmî dili olan bir latin dilidir ve ortalama 1,350,000 kişi tarafından konuşulur. Beş lehçeye ayrılır: Nuorosu, Campidanesu, Loguderosu, Sasserosu, Gaddurosu.

Diğer İtalyan lehçeleri ve Romen dilleri ile karşılaştırılması

Kaynakça

Bilgi kutusu bulunmayan sayfalar
Doğal diller
İtalik diller
İtalyanca lehçeleri

Sardunyaca


Kanadska guska (latinski: Branta canadensis) vrsta je divlje guske. Autohtona je vrsta arktičkih i umjerenih krajeva Sjeverne Amerike te često migrira u sjevernim dijelovima Europe. Introducirana je u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu, Irskoj, Novom Zelandu, Argentini, Čileu i Falklandskim otocima.

Taksonomija
Prije se smatralo da su kanadska guska i bafinska guska (latinski: Branta hutchinsii) jedna te ista vrsta ili da je bafinska guska podvrsta kanadske guske. Odbor za klasifikaciju i nomenklaturu Američkog ornitološkog društva (engleski: American Ornithologists' Union's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature) odredilo je u srpnju 2004. godine da je riječ o dvjema različitim vrstama. Isto je učinilo Britansko ornitološko društvo (engleski: British Ornithologists' Union) u lipnju 2005. godine.

Američko ornitološko društvo odredilo je da kanadskoj guski pripadaju podvrste:
 B. c. canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758.)
 B. c. interior (Todd, 1938.)
 B. c. maxima Delacour, 1951.
 B. c. moffitti Aldrich, 1946.
 B. c. fulva (Delacour, 1951.)
 B. c. occidentalis (Baird, 1858.)
 B. c. parvipes (Cassin, 1852.)

Opis
Glava i vrat su crne, obrazi i područje ispod kljuna bijele, a tijelo smeđe boje. Dugačke su od 76 do 110 cm, a raspon krila iznosi od 127 do 180 cm. Mužjaci tipično teže između 2,6 i 6,5 kg te su veoma agresivni kada brane svoj teritorij. Ženke su izgledom identične iako su za 10 % manje od mužjaka te teže od 2,4 do 5,5 kg. Ženke se glasaju drugačije od mužjaka. Neobično velik mužjak podvrste B. c. maxima težio je 10,9 kilograma te je imao raspon krila od 2,24 metra. Životni vijek kanadskih gusaka u divljini iznosi između 10 i 24 godine. U Britaniji rekord drži jedinka koja je bila stara 31 godinu.

Rasprostranjenost i stanište
Kanadske guske potječu iz Sjeverne Amerike. Razmnožavaju se na raznovrsnim staništima u Kanadi i sjevernom dijelu Sjedinjenih Američkih Država. Gnijezdo je najčešće smješteno na povišenom terenu blizu vode, ponekad na brlogu kanadskog dabra. Jaja su položena na plitkom ulegnuću u redu s biljnim materijalom i paperjem od kojih je gnijezdo sagrađeno. Velika jezera mjesto su okupljanja ogromnog broja jata kanadskih gusaka.

Do početka 20. stoljeća, prekomjerni lov i gubitak prirodnog staništa tijekom kasnih 1800-ih i ranih 1900-ih uzrokovalo je alarmantno opadanje broja jedinki ove vrste. Podvrsta B. c. maxima je tijekom 1950-ih smatrana izumrlom sve do 1962. godine kada je otkriveno malo jato koje je zimovalo blizu Rochestera, u američkoj saveznoj državi Minnesoti.

Posljednjih godina, u nekim je područjima broj kanadskih gusaka čak i previše porastao, toliko da su smatrane štetočinama zbog bakterija u izmetu i buke koju proizvode.

Galerija

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Images and videos of the Canada goose on ARKive
RSPB Birds by Name: Canada goose
Canada Goose Species Account – Cornell Lab of Ornithology

Canada Goose – BTO BirdFacts
Rediscovery report on Giant Canada Goose from 1963  (PDF)

Guske

Kanadska guska


Furosemide is a loop diuretic medication used to treat edema due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease. It had many  trade names including  Discoid, Frusemide, Lasix and Uremide. Furosemide may also be used for the treatment of high blood pressure. It can be taken intravenously or orally. When given intravenously, furosemide typically takes effect within five minutes; when taken orally, it typically metabolizes within an hour.

Common side effects include orthostatic hypotension (decrease in blood pressure while standing, and associated lightheadedness), tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and photosensitivity (sensitivity to light). Potentially serious side effects include electrolyte abnormalities, low blood pressure, and hearing loss. It is recommended that serum electrolytes (especially potassium), serum CO2, creatinine and BUN levels are monitored for people taking furosemide, as well as monitoring of liver and kidney functioning. It is also recommended to be alert for the occurrence of any potential blood dyscrasias. Furosemide is a type of loop diuretic that works by decreasing the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys. Common side effects of furosemide injection include hypokalemia (low potassium level), hypotension (low blood pressure), and dizziness.

Furosemide was patented in 1959 and approved for medical use in 1964. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In the United States, it is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the nineteenth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 26million prescriptions. In 2020/21 it was the twentieth most prescribed medication in England. It is on the World Anti-Doping Agency's banned drug list due to concerns that it may mask other drugs. It has also been used in race horses for the treatment and prevention of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.

Medical uses

Furosemide is primarily used  for the treatment of edema, but also in some cases of hypertension (where there is also kidney or heart impairment). It is often viewed as a first-line agent in most people with edema caused by congestive heart failure because of its anti-vasoconstrictor and diuretic effects. Compared with furosemide, however, torasemide (aka "torsemide") has been demonstrated to show improvements to heart failure symptoms, possibly lowering the rates of rehospitalisation associated with heart failure, with no difference in risk of death.  Torsemide may also be safer than furosemide.

Furosemide is also used for liver cirrhosis, kidney impairment, nephrotic syndrome, in adjunct therapy for swelling of the brain or lungs where rapid diuresis is required (IV injection), and in the management of severe hypercalcemia in combination with adequate rehydration.

Kidney disease
In chronic kidney diseases with hypoalbuminemia, furosemide is used along with albumin to increase diuresis. It is also used along with albumin in nephrotic syndrome to reduce edema.

Other information
Furosemide is mainly excreted by tubular secretion in the kidney. In kidney impairment, clearance is reduced, increasing the risk of adverse effects.  Lower initial doses are recommended in older patients (to minimize side-effects) and high doses may be needed in kidney failure. It can also cause kidney damage; this is mainly by loss of excessive fluid (i.e., dehydration), and is usually reversible.

Furosemide acts within 1 hour of oral administration (after IV injection, the peak effect is within 30 minutes). Diuresis is usually complete within 6–8 hours of oral administration, but there is significant variation between individuals.

Adverse effects
Furosemide also can lead to gout caused by hyperuricemia. Hyperglycemia is also a common side effect.

The tendency, as for all loop diuretics, to cause low serum potassium concentration (hypokalemia) has given rise to combination products, either with potassium or with the potassium-sparing diuretic amiloride (Co-amilofruse). Other electrolyte abnormalities that can result from furosemide use include hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia.

In the treatment of heart failure, many studies have shown that the long-term use of furosemide can cause varying degrees of thiamine deficiency, so thiamine supplementation is also suggested.

Furosemide is a known ototoxic agent generally causing transient hearing loss but can be permanent. Reported cases of furosemide induced hearing loss appeared to be associated with rapid intravenous administration, high dosages, concomitant renal disease and coadministration with other ototoxic medication. However, a recently reported longitudinal study showed that participants treated with loop diuretics over 10 years were 40% more likely to develop hearing loss and 33% more likely of progressive hearing loss compared to participants who did not use loop diuretics. This suggests the long-term consequences of loop diuretics on hearing could be a more significant than previously thought and further research is required in this area.

Other precautions include: nephrotoxicity, sulfonamide (sulfa) allergy, and increases free thyroid hormone effects with large doses.

Interactions
Furosemide has potential interactions with these medications:
 Aspirin and other salicylates
 Other diuretics (e.g. ethacrynic acid, hydrochlorothiazide)
 Synergistic effects with other antihypertensives (e.g. doxazosin)
 Sucralfate

Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs:
 Analgesics: increased risk of kidney damage (nephrotoxicity) with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; antagonism of diuretic effect with NSAIDs
 Antiarrhythmics: a risk of cardiac toxicity exists with antiarrhythmics if hypokalemia occurs; the effects of lidocaine and mexiletine are antagonized.
 Antibacterials: increased risk of ototoxicity with aminoglycosides, polymyxins and vancomycin; avoid concomitant use with lymecycline
 Antidepressants: increased risk of hypokalemia with reboxetine; enhanced hypotensive effect with MAOIs; increased risk of postural hypotension with tricyclic antidepressants
 Antiepileptics: increased risk of hyponatremia with carbamazepine
 Antifungals: increased risk of hypokalemia with amphotericin
 Antihypertensives: enhanced hypotensive effect; increased risk of first dose hypotensive effect with alpha-blockers; increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with sotalol if hypokalemia occurs
 Antipsychotics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with amisulpride, sertindole, or pimozide (avoid with pimozide) if hypokalemia occurs; enhanced hypotensive effect with phenothiazines
 Atomoxetine: hypokalemia increases risk of ventricular arrhythmias
 Cardiac glycosides: increased toxicity if hypokalemia occurs
 Cyclosporine: variable reports of increased nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and hepatotoxicity
 Lithium: risk of toxicity.

Mechanism of action

Furosemide, like other loop diuretics, acts by inhibiting the luminal Na-K-Cl cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, by binding to the Na-K-2Cl transporter, thus causing more sodium, chloride, and potassium to be excreted in the urine.

The action on the distal tubules is independent of any inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase or aldosterone; it also abolishes the corticomedullary osmotic gradient and blocks negative, as well as positive, free water clearance. Because of the large NaCl absorptive capacity of the loop of Henle, diuresis is not limited by development of acidosis, as it is with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Additionally, furosemide is a noncompetitive subtype-specific blocker of GABA-A receptors. Furosemide has been reported to reversibly antagonize GABA-evoked currents of α6β2γ2 receptors at μM concentrations, but not α1β2γ2 receptors. During development, the α6β2γ2 receptor increases in expression in cerebellar granule neurons, corresponding to increased sensitivity to furosemide.

Pharmacokinetics
 Molecular weight (daltons)             330.7
 % Bioavailability    47-70%
 Bioavailability with end-stage renal disease   43 - 46%
 % Protein binding                      91–99
 Volume of distribution (L/kg)          0.07 – 0.2
 Volume of distribution may be higher in patients with cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome
 Excretion
 % Excreted in urine (% of total dose)   60 - 90
 % Excreted unchanged in urine (% of total dose)         53.1 - 58.8
 % Excreted in feces (% of total dose) 7 - 9
 % Excreted in bile (% of total dose) 6 - 9
 Approximately 10% is metabolized by the liver in healthy individuals, but this percentage may be greater in individuals with severe kidney failure
 Renal clearance (mL/min/kg)  2.0
 Elimination half-life (hrs)   2
 Prolonged in congestive heart failure (mean 3.4 hrs)
 Prolonged in severe kidney failure (4 - 6 hrs) and anephric patients (1.5-9 hrs)
 Time to peak concentration (hrs)
 Intravenous administration    0.3
 Oral solution    0.83
 Oral tablet     1.45

The pharmacokinetics of furosemide are apparently not significantly altered by food.

No direct relationship has been found between furosemide concentration in the plasma and furosemide efficacy. Efficacy depends upon the concentration of furosemide in urine.

Names
Furosemide is the INN and BAN. The previous BAN was frusemide.

Brand names under which furosemide is marketed include: Aisemide, Apo-Furosemide, Beronald, Desdemin, Discoid, Diural, Diurapid, Dryptal, Durafurid, Edemid, Errolon, Eutensin, Flusapex, Frudix, Frusemide, Frusetic, Frusid, Fulsix, Fuluvamide, Furesis, Furix, Furo-Puren, Furon, Furosedon, Fusid.frusone, Hydro-rapid, Impugan, Katlex, Lasilix, Lasix, Lodix, Lowpston, Macasirool, Mirfat, Nicorol, Odemase, Oedemex, Profemin, Rosemide, Rusyde, Salix, Seguril, Teva-Furosemide, Trofurit, Uremide, and Urex.

Veterinary uses
The diuretic effects are put to use most commonly in horses to prevent bleeding during a race. Sometime in the early 1970s, furosemide's ability to prevent, or at least greatly reduce, the incidence of bleeding (exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage) by horses during races was discovered accidentally.  In the United States of America, pursuant to the racing rules of most states, horses that bleed from the nostrils three times are permanently barred from racing. Clinical trials followed, and by decade's end, racing commissions in some states in the USA began legalizing its use on race horses.  In 1995, New York became the last state in the United States to approve such use, after years of refusing to consider doing so. Some states allow its use for all racehorses; some allow it only for confirmed "bleeders".  Its use for this purpose is still prohibited in many other countries.

Furosemide is also used in horses for pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure (in combination with other drugs), and allergic reactions.  Although it increases circulation to the kidneys, it does not help kidney function, and is not recommended for kidney disease.

It is also used to treat congestive heart failure (pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and/or ascites) in cats and dogs. It can also be used in an attempt to promote urine production in anuric or oliguric acute kidney failure.

Horses
Furosemide is injected either intramuscularly or intravenously, usually 0.5-1.0 mg/kg twice/day, although less before a horse is raced. As with many diuretics, it can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, including loss of potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium. Excessive use of furosemide will most likely lead to a metabolic alkalosis due to hypochloremia and hypokalemia. The drug should, therefore, not be used in horses that are dehydrated or experiencing kidney failure. It should be used with caution in horses with liver problems or electrolyte abnormalities. Overdose may lead to dehydration, change in drinking patterns and urination, seizures, gastrointestinal problems, kidney damage, lethargy, collapse, and coma.

Furosemide should be used with caution when combined with corticosteroids (as this increases the risk of electrolyte imbalance), aminoglycoside antibiotics (increases risk of kidney or ear damage), and trimethoprim sulfa (causes decreased platelet count). It may also cause interactions with anesthetics, so its use should be related to the veterinarian if the animal is going into surgery, and it decreases the kidneys' ability to excrete aspirin, so dosages will need to be adjusted if combined with that drug.

Furosemide may increase the risk of digoxin toxicity due to hypokalemia.

The drug is best not used during pregnancy or in a lactating mare, as it has been shown to be passed through the placenta and milk in studies with other species. It should not be used in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (Cushings).

Furosemide is detectable in urine 36–72 hours following injection. Its use is restricted by most equestrian organizations.

In April 2019, it was announced that Lasix would be banned from use at US racetracks within 24 hours of a horse racing starting in 2021.

References

Further reading
 Aventis Pharma (1998). Lasix Approved Product Information. Lane Cove: Aventis Pharma Pty Ltd.

External links

 Lasix and horse bleeding

Anthranilic acids
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Chemical substances for emergency medicine
Chloroarenes
Equine medications
2-Furyl compounds
GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators
Glycine receptor antagonists
Loop diuretics
Nephrotoxins
NMDA receptor antagonists
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate
Sanofi
Sulfonamides
World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited substances
World Health Organization essential medicines

Furosemide


"Welcome to the Black Parade" (forkortet "The Black Parade", med den originale titel "The Five of Us Are Dying") er den første single og femte spor fra My Chemical Romances tredje studiealbum, The Black Parade. Den blev udgivet den 12. september 2006 på iTunes og 9. oktober 2006 som Cd. Den blev af Rock and Roll Hall of Fame sat på listen som en af  500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll (sange der "har haft indflydelse på" Rock and roll).

Sangen toppede desuden som nummer 18 på de danske hitlister, og har solgt mere end 4000 eksemplarer

Sangen blev akkompagneret af en musikvideo instrueret af Samuel Bayer.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 "Welcome to the Black Parade" på My Chemical Romances website

Singler fra 2006

Welcome to the Black Parade


Eneda Tarifa (n. 30 martie 1982), cunoscută și sub numele de Eneida Tarifa, este o cântăreață albaneză. Ea a reprezentat Albania la Concursul Muzical Eurovision 2016, cu melodia "Përrallë", după câștigarea Festivali i Këngës 54. Ea a mai participat la acest festival în anii 2003 și 2007.

Viața și cariera

Cariera muzicală
Eneda s-a născut în Tirana, Albania. Și-a început cariera în 2003, când a participat la Festivali i Këngës 42, cu melodia "Qëndroj", reușind să se califice în finală. În 2006, a participat în cadrul festivalului "Kënga Magjike", cu melodia "Rreth zjarrit tënd", plasându-se pe locul al patrulea, cu 154 puncte. I-a fost acordat și premiul  Çesk Zadeja. Anul următor a participat la Festivali i Këngës 46, cântând "E para letër", ieșind pe locul al zecelea din șaptesprezece, cu 11 puncte. În 2008, a participat din nou la Kënga Magjike, cu "Zeri im", acumulând un total de 577 puncte.

În 2010, a participat la Top Fest 2010, cu melodia "Me veten". Câștigând competiția, a prezentat programul Portokalli, pe Top Channel. Eneda s-a întors la Festivali i Këngës, în 2015, unde, cu melodia "Përrallë", a reușit să câștige competiția. Ea va reprezenta Albania în Cadrul Concursului Muzical Eurovision 2016, în Stockholm.

Referințe

Cântăreți albanezi
Albanezi în viață

Eneda Tarifa


نيك نولتي  ممثل أمريكي من مواليد 8 فبراير 1941، حاصل على جائزة الغولدن غلوب 1991 كأفضل ممثل عن دوره في فيلم أمير المد.

أفلامه

مواقع خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أمريكيون من أصل ألماني
أمريكيون من أصل إسكتلندي
أمريكيون من أصل إسكتلندي أيرلندي
أمريكيون من أصل إنجليزي
أمريكيون من أصل سويسري
خريجو جامعة أريزونا الحكومية
خريجو كلية باسادينا سيتي
خريجو كلية فينكس
لاعبو كرة سلة أمريكيون
لاعبو هجوم (كرة السلة)
ممثلو أداء صوتي رجال أمريكيون
ممثلو أفلام أمريكيون
ممثلو تلفزيون أمريكيون
ممثلون أمريكيون في القرن 20
ممثلون أمريكيون في القرن 21
ممثلون حائزون على جائزة غولدن غلوب لأفضل ممثل دراما
ممثلون ذكور من أصل إسكتلندي
ممثلون من أصل ألماني
ممثلون من أوماها (نبراسكا)
منتجو أفلام أمريكيون
منتجو أفلام من أريزونا
مواليد 1941
مواليد عقد 1940
مواليد في أوماها (نبراسكا)

نيك نولتي


Emilio Rosenblueth ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Emilio Rosenblueth (Künstler) (1896–1945), mexikanischer Künstler
 Emilio Rosenblueth (Ingenieur) (1926–1994), mexikanischer Ingenieur

Emilio Rosenblueth


Demographics of Ireland may refer to:

 Demographics of the Republic of Ireland
 Demography of Northern Ireland
 Irish population analysis (island)

Demographics of Ireland


Australian Open-mesterskabet i mixed double 2018 var den 75. turnering om Australian Open-mesterskabet i mixed double. Turneringen var en del af Australian Open 2018 og blev spillet i Melbourne Park i Melbourne, Victoria, Australien i perioden 19. - 28. januar 2018 med deltagelse af 32 par.

Mesterskabet blev vundet af Gabriela Dabrowski og Mate Pavić, som i finalen besejrede Tímea Babos og Rohan Bopanna med 2-6, 6-4, [11-9] efter at de havde afværget en matchbold ved stillingen 8-9 i supertiebreaken. Pavić vandt dermed den tredje grand slam-titel i sin karriere, idet han tidligere havde vundet US Open-mesterskabet i mixed double 2016 sammen med Laura Siegemund og Australian Open-mesterskabet i herredouble 2018 sammen med Oliver Marach, den sidstenævnte dagen før mixed double-finalen, og han var endvidere den første kroat, der vandt Australian Open-mesterskabet i mixed double. For Dabrowski var den karrierens anden grand slam-titel. Hun havde inden da vundet French Open-mesterskabet i mixed double 2017 sammen med Rohan Bopanna, og hun var den første kvinde fra Canada, der sejrede i mixed double-mesterskabet i Melbourne.

Den dobbelte triumf i herredouble og mixed double blev senest præsteret af Bruno Soares i 2016.

Pengepræmier

Den samlede præmiesum til spillerne i mixed double androg A$ 600.000 (ekskl. per diem), hvilket var en stigning på ca. 11 % i forhold til året før.

Turnering

Deltagere

Turneringen havde deltagelse af 32 par, der er fordelt på:
 24 direkte kvalificerede par i form af deres ranglisteplacering.
 8 par, der har modtaget et wildcard.

Seedede spillere

De 8 bedste par blev seedet:

Wildcards

Otte par modtog et wildcard til turneringen.

Resultater

Se også
 Australian Open-mesterskabet i herresingle 2018
 Australian Open-mesterskabet i damesingle 2018
 Australian Open-mesterskabet i herredouble 2018
 Australian Open-mesterskabet i damedouble 2018

Eksterne henvisninger
 Australian Open

Noter

Australian Open 2018
2018


أوكاياما (باليابانية 岡山市) هي المدينة الرئيسية لمحافظة أوكاياما، في منطقة تشوغوكو، اليابان.

معلومات أساسية
تبلغ مساحتها 789.88 كم مربع، وتعداد سكانها 698,946 نسمة في عام 2007، والكثافة السكانية 884.87 نسمة في الكم مربع.

المدن التوائم
تربط مدينة أوكاياما علاقة توأمة مدن مع المدن التالية:
 سان هوزيه، كاليفورنيا، الولايات المتحدة
 سان هوزيه، كوستاريكا
 بلوفديف، بلغاريا
 لويانغ، الصين
 سين شو, تايوان

أعلام

 كيسوكي سيكيجوتشي
 كينتو كاتو
 هيروشي كاتو
 كينجيرو يزو
 شين كويامادا
 نوريياسو نماتا

مراجع

أوكاياما (أوكاياما)
مدن ساحلية في اليابان
مدن محافظة أوكاياما
مدن مختارة من قبل الحكومة
مستوطنات ساحلية في اليابان

أوكاياما (أوكاياما)


Taylor Gayle Rutherford dite Gayle (née le  à Dallas) est une auteure-compositrice-interprète américaine.

Elle est connue pour le single ABCDEFU (2021), qui s'est classé numéro un au Royaume-Uni et en Irlande.

En 2023, Gayle fait la première partie de Pink durant le Summer Carnival, en passant notamment à Paris La Défense Arena, les 20 et 21 juin.

Discographie

EP

Singles

 2020 : Dumbass
 2020 : Z
 2020 : Happy For You
 2020 : Orange Peel
 2021 : ABCDEFU
 2022 : Ur Just Lonely
 2022 : Ur Just Horny
 2022 : Don't Trip
 2022 : FMK (With Blackbear)
 2023 : Everybody Hates Me
 2023 : Fantasy (With Lauren Spencer Smith & Em Beihold)
 2023 : Don't Call Me Pretty

Liens externes

Naissance en juin 2004
Naissance à Dallas
Chanteuse américaine du XXIe siècle
Pop punk
Nom de scène
Mononyme

Gayle (chanteuse)


Eric Satie, (Tam adı Éric Alfred Leslie Satie; 17 Mayıs 1866, Honfleur, Fransa – 1 Temmuz 1925, Paris, Fransa) 20. yüzyılın başlarında yaşamış Fransız besteci ve piyanisttir. Eserleri çağdaş caz ve popüler müziği önemli ölçüde etkiledi.

Solo piyano için 1888'de bestelenmiş üç Gymnopédies özellikle yeni nesil tarafından tanınmaktadır ve ilki en popüler olanıdır. Bu eserlerin "basitliği", onları yeni başlayanlar için popüler bir eser hâline getirmektedir.

Genel olarak Satie'nin eserlerinin çoğu, neredeyse aşırı vurgulanmış bir sadelik ve netlikle münhasır parçalardır. Bu eserlerin aksine, diğer beste ve deneysel çalışmaları da açıkça erken dönem Dadaizm'den etkilenmiştir.

Hayatı

Erik Satie, sigorta mümessili Normandiyalı Jules-Alfred Satie (1842-1903) ile eşi İskoç Jane-Leslie Anton'un (1838-1872) iki dilli ve Anglikan kilisesine mensup İskoç bir aileden gelen dört çocuğunun en büyüğüydü. Erik, dört yaşındayken aile Paris'e taşındı ve burada sigorta mümessilliğinin yanı sıra bir tercüme yazıhanesi ve daha sonra küçük bir müzik yayınevi işletti. 1871 yılında en küçük kız kardeşi Diane'in, bir yıl sonra da annesinin ölümünden sonra, altı yaşındaki Erik, küçük erkek kardeşi Conrad ile birlikte babasının ailesiyle birlikte yaşamak için Honfleur'e geri döndü. Büyükanne, çocukların Katolik olmasını şart koştu ve bu da Satie'nin 1874'ten itibaren ilk müzik derslerini aldığı Saint-Léonard Kilisesi'nin orgcusu ve koro şefi Gustave Vinot ile tanışmasına vesile oldu. Burada Gregoryen ilahilerinin yanı sıra Vinot'nun yerel şenlikler için bestelediği şarkıların neşesiyle de tanıştı ve bunlar Satie'nin müzik hayatındaki ilk etkiler oldu.

1878 yılında, Satie on iki yaşındayken babaannesi banyo yaparken boğuldu ve babası iki oğlu ile Paris'e geri döndü. Kısa bir süre sonra, baba Satie kendisinden on yaş büyük, konser piyanisti, besteci ve hırslı bir müzik öğretmeni olan Eugénie Barnetche ile evlendi. Barnetche, Erik'in yeteneğinin farkına vararak onu 1879'da kendisinin de mezun olduğu Paris Konservatuvarı'na yazdırdı. Ancak Satie'nin motivasyon eksikliği ve artan hayal kırıklığı, iki buçuk yıl sonra okulu bırakmasına neden oldu.

Satie, Norman kökenlerini vurgulamayı severdi, hatta sonraki yıllarda Arcueil'de bir Norman Grubu kurdu. Kökenlerini vurgulamak için doğum adı olan Eric'in yazılışını İskandinav dilleri'nde "her şeye gücü yeten" anlamına gelen Erik olarak değiştirdi. 1884'te beste yapmaya başladı. İlk parça, bir fragman olarak günümüze ulaşan Allegro'dur. İlk eserleri, anne ve babasının yazdığı şansonları da yayınlayan babasının yayınevi tarafından basıldı. Satie bazı eserlerini kendisi yayımlamıştır. Sonraki yıllarda, diğerlerinin yanı sıra, Ogives (1886), üç Sarabandes (1887) ve tanınmış piyano parçaları Gymnopédies (1888) bestelerinin yanı sıra, Satie'nin Claude Debussy ve diğer sanatçılarla birlikte birkaç yıl boyunca üyesi olduğu Joséphin Péladan tarafından kurulan gizli bir Rosicrucians topluluğu için Trois Sonneries de la Rose+Croix müziğini yazdı.

Sivil hayata dönünce, dönemin mizahçı, ressam ve empresyonistlerinin buluşma noktası olan evinin yakınındaki Le Chat Noir kabaresininin üyesi oldu. 1888'de piyano için Trois Gymnopédies adlı eserini besteledi. Bu eserde arkadaşı J. P. Contamine de Latour'un bir şiirinden esinlendi. Bir sene sonra Paris Büyük Sergisi'nde duyduğu Rumen pop müziği ve Endonezya vurmalı çalgılar topluluğu'nun yaptığı müzikten etkilenerek Gnossiennes üzerinde çalıştı. 1891'de bir kabarede ikinci piyanist olarak çalışmaya başladı ve burada besteci Claude Debussy ile tanıştı. Bir yanlış anlaşma yüzünden 1916'da dostlukları bozuluncaya kadar çok iyi arkadaş idiler.

Mistik uğraşlar
Aynı yıl bir Katolik tapınağında mistik bir organizasyonun yöneticisi olan Josephin Pelodin ile tanıştı; onun takipçisi ve daha sonra da şapelin yöneticisi oldu. Trois Prélude du Fils des étoiles ve Le Sonneries de la Rose-Croix eserlerini bu mistik havanın etkisi ile yazdı. 2 yıl sonra ustası ile anlaşmazlığa düştü ve özgürlüğünü ilan ederek gruptan ayrıldı.

Suzanne Valadon'a Aşkı

Hemen ardından 1893'te Danses gothiques'i yazdı. Bu eseri bilinen tek aşkı olan ressam Suzanne Valadon ile ilişkisinin bitmesi üzerine yazdı. Valadon, bir portresini yaparak kendisine armağan etmişti ancak bu hediyeyi verdikten 6 ay sonra sonra onu terk etti. Acı çektiği bu dönemde ruhunu dinlendirmek için bu piyano eserini besteledi.

Kadifeli Centilmen
1893-1895'te kendi kilisesini kurdu. Bu kilisenin tek üyesi kendisiydi. Bu dönemde dini ve sanatsal görüşlerini açıklayan mektuplar, kitapçıklar yazdı. 1895'te, 18 saat boyunca aralıksız 840 defa çalınacak 8 ölçülük bir motiften oluşan Vexations'i besteledi. Aynı yıl, kendisine kalan az bir miktar miras ile görüntüsünü değiştirdi, bir rahip kılığı taşımaktan vazgeçti ve "Kadifeli Centilmen" görünümüne büründü.

1898 sonlarında ekonomik nedenlerle Paris'in bir kenar mahallesine taşındı, kendisine ilham veren büyük odalı bir evde Pièces froides (Soğuk odalar)'ı besteledi. Her gün, ölünceye kadar yaşadığı bu evden çıkarak Paris'in içine kadar 10 km yürüyerek gittiği, çeşitli kafelere uğrayıp içki içtiği ve bestelerini yaptığı, gece aynı şekilde döndüğü bilinmektedir.

Popüler Müzik Eserleri
1900'de tüm gizemli ve mistik uğraşlara son vererek müzikhol divası Paulette Darty ile çalışmaya başladı. Bu dönemde kafelerde konserler verdi ve popüler müzik ile uğraştı. Je te veux, La Diva de l' 'Empire, Tendrement gibi şarkılar besteledi. Son yıllarında yazdığı kabaret müziği eserlerin hepsini değersiz olarak niteledi.

1905'te halen amatör bir müzisyen olarak görülmekten ve akademik müzik dünyası ile çatışmaktan bıktığı için bir okula yazıldı ve Albert Roussel ile kontrpuan çalıştı. 1908'de diplomasını aldı.

Altılar
1910'da müziği Serge Diaghilev, Pablo Picasso, Francis Picabia, Maurice Ravel, Igor Stravinsky ve Jean Cocteau'nun dikkatini çekti. Cocteau ile birlikte her ne kadar grup ile birlikte sayılmasa da Les Six (Altılar)adlı besteciler grubunun kurucusu oldu. Bu grup, Ravel ve Debussy'de görülen empresyonizme, Stravinsky'nin Slavizmine, Schöenberg'in post-Wagnerciliğine karşı olan ve net bir müzik dilini savunan 6 besteciden oluşmaktaydı (Louis Durey, Arthur Honegger, Germaine Tailleferre, Darius Milhaud, Georges Auric ve Francis Poulenc) .

Bale Eserleri
Kırklarına kadar besteci olarak ciddiye alınmayan Satie, Parade (Geçit Resmi) adlı bale müziği ile üne ulaştı. O sırada Paris'i kasıp kavuran Rus Balesi'nin programına alınan bu eseri Cocteau ve Picasso ile beraber yaratmıştı. Balenin sunuş metnini Apollinaire yazdı, koreografisini Massine, dekorlarını Picasso yaptı. Cocteau'nın önerisi ile eserin orkestrasyonunda daktilo, sis düdüğü ve bebek çıngırağı gibi araçlar kullanmıştı. Bu eser, büyük skandala yol açtı ve Satie'nin besteci olarak adını duyurmasını sağladı. Zürih'te Dadacılar onu hareketlerinin onursal üyesi yaptılar.

1924'te, Picabia'nın metnine dayanan Relache adlı ikinci bale eseri, René Clair tarafından Entr'acte adıyla filme alındı ve büyük olay yarattı.

Onun müzik anlayışını en iyi yansıtan eseri ise 4 soprano ve bir oda orkestrası için yazılmış Socrates başlıklı senfonik dramadır. Bu eser Stravinsky'i büyük ölçüde etkilemiştir.

Ölümü
Satie, 1 Temmuz 1925'te Paris'te bir hastanede siroz hastalığından hayatını kaybetti. Müziği geniş kitleler tarafından sevilmese de özellikle genç besteci ve müzisyenler arasında pek çok hayranı vardı.

Satie Festivali
Hayatı boyunca gariplikleri ile anıldı. Ölümünden sonra gardrobunda bulunan birbirinin aynı 12 kadife takım elbise, düzinelerce şemsiye ve birbirine eş 84 mendil uzun süre müziğinden daha çok konuşuldu. Müzik dünyasının ilgisinin onun garip kişiliğinden, eserlerine yöneltmesi 1948'de ABD'de bir üniversitede gerçekleşen Satie Festivali ile mümkün oldu. Bu festivali organize eden Amerikalı besteci John Cage, Satie'nin Vexations adlı eserini duymuştu ve 1963'te New York'ta 10 piyanistin 2 saatlik nöbetlerle piyano çalması ile eser seslendirildi. Bu deneyimden sadece John Cage değil, Yoko Ono ve John Lennon da çok etkilenmişti ve kendi ifadelerine göre 1968 yılında Vietnam Savaşı'nı protesto için hafta boyunca kendini hapsetme protestosunu Vexations deneyiminden esinlenerek gerçekleştirdiler. Satie'nin eserleri, 1960'lardan sonra popüler oldu.

Mobilya Müziği
1917, 1920 ve 1923'te bestelediği 5 eseri, musique d'ameublement (Türkçe: Mobilya müziği) olarak nitelendirilir. Dinlenmek için değil, arka planda yer almak için yazıldığını söylediği mobilya müziği parçalar, deneysel çalışmalarıdır. Bu eserler defalarca tekrarlanan birkaç ölçülük kısa parçalardan ibarettir. Dinleyicinin dikkatini çekmemeye çalışır. Vexations, bu mobilya müziği çalışmalarına örnek verilebilir.

Medya

Erik Satie, 'Gymnopedies - La 1 Ere. Lent et Douloureux eserinden parçalar.  Beste: yak.1890.  Piyanist: Robin Alciatore.

Gnossiennes 1
Gnossiennes 2
Gnossiennes 3

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 IMSLP viki-projesinde Eric Satie eserleri notaları  (Erişim:10.9.2010)
  Îngilizce Wikipedia'da Eric Satie besteleri listesi   (Erişim:10.9.2010)
 Gymnopedie adlı eseri
  YouTube'da Erik Satie Gnossienne No:1 piyano: Alexandre Tharaud  (Erişim:10.9.2010)

1866 doğumlular
1925 yılında ölenler
Modern dönem bestecileri
Fransız klasik piyanistler
İskoç asıllı Fransızlar
Fransız klasik müzik bestecileri

Erik Satie


Amabel Ethelreid Normand (November 9, 1893 – February 23, 1930), better known as Mabel Normand, was an American silent film actress, screenwriter, director, producer, and comedian. She was a popular star and collaborator of Mack Sennett in their Keystone Studios films, and at the height of her career in the late 1910s and early 1920s had her own film studio and production company, the Mabel Normand Feature Film Company. On screen, she appeared in twelve successful films with Charlie Chaplin and seventeen with Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, sometimes writing and directing (or co-writing and directing) films featuring Chaplin as her leading man.
In the 1920s Normand's name was linked with scandal, including the 1922 murder of her friend, the director, William Desmond Taylor and later the 1924 shooting of Courtland S. Dines: Dines had been shot by Normand's chauffeur, Kelly using her pistol after a drunken Dines had allegedly said derogatory things to Normand. After police interrogation, she was ruled out as a suspect in the murder. Normand suffered a recurrence of tuberculosis in 1923, which led to a decline in her health, an early retirement from films in 1926, and her death in 1930 at age 36.

Early life and career

Amabel Ethelreid Normand was born in New Brighton, Staten Island, New York (before it was incorporated into New York City) on November 9, 1893. She took her name from her father's only sibling, who had died before her birth in 1892. Her mother, Mary "Minnie" Drury, of Providence, Rhode Island, was of Irish heritage; while her father, Clodman "Claude" George Normand, was French Canadian, with his ancestral lineage dating back to Normandy in France and their surname originally being LeNormand or Le Normand.

For a short time at the start of her career, Normand worked for Vitagraph Studios in New York City for $25 per week, but Vitagraph founder Albert E. Smith admitted she was one of several actresses about whom he made a mistake in estimating their "potential for future stardom." Her intensely beguiling lead performance in the 1911 dramatic short film Her Awakening, directed by D. W. Griffith, drew Normand attention and led to her meeting director Mack Sennett while at Griffith's Biograph Company. She subsequently embarked on a chaotic relationship with him. Sennett later brought Normand to California when he founded Keystone Studios in 1912.

She is credited as being the first film star to receive a pie thrown in the face.

Normand appeared with Charlie Chaplin and Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle in many short films. She played a key role in starting Chaplin's film career and acted as his leading lady and mentor in a string of films in 1914, sometimes directing, co-directing, or co-writing films with him. Chaplin had considerable initial difficulty adjusting to the demands of film acting, and his performance suffered for it. After his first film appearance in Making a Living, Sennett felt he had made a costly mistake. However, Normand persuaded Sennett to give Chaplin another chance, and she and Chaplin appeared together in a dozen subsequent films, almost always as a couple in the lead roles. At the start of 1914, Chaplin first played his Tramp character in Mabel's Strange Predicament, although it wound up being the second Tramp film released; Normand directed Chaplin and herself in the film. Later that year, Normand starred with Chaplin and Marie Dressler in Tillie's Punctured Romance, the first feature-length comedy.

Normand opened her own film company in partnership with Sennett in 1916, based in Culver City. She lost the company in 1918 when its parent company, Triangle Film Corporation, experienced a massive shake up which also had Sennett lose Keystone and establish his own independent studio. In 1918, as her relationship with Sennett came to an end, Normand signed a $3,500-per-week contract with Samuel Goldwyn. Around that same time, Normand allegedly had a miscarriage (or stillbirth) with Goldwyn's child.

Scandals

Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle trials
Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, Normand's co-star in many films, was the defendant in three widely publicized trials for manslaughter in the 1921 death of actress Virginia Rappe. Although Arbuckle was acquitted, the scandal damaged his career and his films were banned from exhibition for a short time. Since she had made some of her best works with him, much of Normand's output was withheld from the public as a result. Arbuckle later returned to the screen as a director and actor, but didn't attain his previous popularity despite being exonerated in court.

William Desmond Taylor murder
Director William Desmond Taylor formed a close relationship with Normand based on their shared interest in books. Author Robert Giroux claims that Taylor was deeply in love with Normand, who had originally approached him for help in dealing with an alleged cocaine dependency. Giroux claims that Taylor met with federal prosecutors shortly before his death and offered to assist them in filing charges against her cocaine suppliers, expressing a belief that these suppliers learned of this meeting and hired a contract killer to murder the director. According to Giroux, Normand suspected the reasons for Taylor's murder, but did not know the identity of the man who killed him.

According to Kevin Brownlow and John Kobal in their book Hollywood: The Pioneers, the idea that Taylor was murdered by drug dealers was invented by Paramount Studios for publicity purposes.

On the night of his murder, February 1, 1922, Normand left Taylor's bungalow at 7:45 pm in a happy mood, carrying a book he had lent her. They blew kisses to each other as her limousine drove away. Normand was the last person known to have seen Taylor alive. The Los Angeles Police Department subjected Normand to a grueling interrogation, but ruled her out as a suspect. Most subsequent writers have done the same. However, Normand's career had already slowed, and her reputation was tarnished. According to George Hopkins, who sat next to her at Taylor's funeral, Normand wept inconsolably.

The Dines shooting
In 1924, Normand's chauffeur Joe Kelly shot and wounded millionaire oil broker and amateur golfer Courtland S. Dines with her pistol. In response, several theaters pulled Normand's films, and her films were banned in Ohio by the state film censorship board.

Later career and death
Normand continued making films and was signed by Hal Roach Studios in 1926 after discussions with director/producer F. Richard Jones, who had directed her at Keystone. At Roach, she made the films Raggedy Rose, The Nickel-Hopper, and One Hour Married (her last film), all co-written by Stan Laurel, and was directed by Leo McCarey in Should Men Walk Home? The films were released with extensive publicity support from the Hollywood community, including her friend Mary Pickford.

In 1926, she married actor Lew Cody, with whom she had appeared in Mickey in 1918. They lived separately in nearby houses in Beverly Hills. Normand's health was in decline due to tuberculosis. After an extended stay in Pottenger Sanitorium, she died from pulmonary tuberculosis on February 23, 1930, in Monrovia, California, at the age of 36. She was interred as Mabel Normand-Cody at Calvary Cemetery, Los Angeles. The date of birth listed on her crypt is incorrect. Her mother was buried in the crypt above her crypt.

Legacy
Normand has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions to motion pictures at 6821 Hollywood Boulevard.

Her film Mabel's Blunder (1914) was added to the National Film Registry in December 2009.

In June 2010, the New Zealand Film Archive reported the discovery of a print of Normand's film Won in a Closet (exhibited in New Zealand under its alternate title Won in a Cupboard), a short comedy previously believed lost. This film is a significant discovery, as Normand directed the film and starred in the lead role, displaying her talents on both sides of the camera.

Cultural references

 A nod to Normand's celebrity in early Hollywood came through the name of a leading character in the 1950 film Sunset Boulevard, "Norma Desmond", which has been cited as a combination of the names Norma Talmadge and William Desmond Taylor. The film also frequently mentions Normand by name.
 "Hello Mabel" is a song by the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band released in England on their second album The Doughnut in Granny's Greenhouse (released as Urban Spaceman in the US.) in November 1968.
 Normand is mentioned during series 2 episode 1 of Downton Abbey by ambitious housemaid Ethel Parks. Daisy Mason (née Robinson), the kitchen maid, inquires what she is reading and Ethel responds, "Photoplay about Normand. She was nothing when she started, you know. Her father was a carpenter and they'd no money, and now she's a shining film star."
 Singer/songwriter Stevie Nicks wrote a song about the actress entitled "Mabel Normand", which appears on her 2014 album, 24 Karat Gold: Songs from the Vault.

Fictional portrayals
The 1974 Broadway musical Mack & Mabel (Michael Stewart and Jerry Herman) fictionalized the romance between Normand and Mack Sennett. Normand was played by Bernadette Peters and Robert Preston portrayed Sennett.

Normand is played by actress Marisa Tomei in the 1992 film Chaplin opposite Robert Downey, Jr. as Charles Chaplin; by Penelope Lagos in the first biopic about Normand's life, a 35-minute dramatic short film entitled Madcap Mabel (2010); and by Morganne Picard in the motion picture Return to Babylon (2013).

In 2014, Normand was played on television by Andrea Deck in series 2, episode 8 of Mr Selfridge and by Kristina Thompson in the short film Mabel's Dressing Room.

The character played by Alice Faye in Hollywood Cavalcade (1939) was reputed to have been based partly on Normand.

Filmography
Some of her early roles are credited as "Mabel Fortesque".

Vitagraph

Biograph

Keystone

Goldwyn Feature films

Hal Roach Studios

References
Notes

Further reading

 Sherman, William Thomas (2006). Mabel Normand: A Source Book to Her Life and Films
 Normand, Stephen (1974). Films in Review September Issue: Mabel Normand – A Grand Nephew's Memoir
 Lefler, Timothy Dean (2016). Mabel Normand: The Life and Career of a Hollywood Madcap.

External links

 Mabel Normand at the Women Film Pioneers Project
 Madcap Mabel: Mabel Normand Website
 Mabel Normand Source Book (pdf file)
 Stephen Normand's website
 Bibliography
 Looking for Mabel Normand
 Mabel Normand Home Page
 Films of Mabel Normand on YouTube (playlist)

American silent film actresses
Film producers from New York (state)
American women film directors
American women screenwriters
Silent film comedians
Silent film directors
Silent film producers
1890s births
1930 deaths
20th-century American actresses
American artists' models
American female models
American film actresses
American people of French-Canadian descent
American people of Irish descent
Screenwriters from New York (state)
Film producers from California
Hal Roach Studios actors
Burials at Calvary Cemetery (Los Angeles)
20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Drug-related deaths in California
People from Staten Island
Tottenville High School alumni
Actresses from Los Angeles
Actresses from New York City
Articles containing video clips
20th-century American comedians
Women film pioneers
Film directors from New York City
American women film producers
Screenwriters from California
Comedians from California
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American screenwriters
Tuberculosis deaths in California

Mabel Normand


شبرا خلفون إحدى قرى مركز شبين الكوم التابع لمحافظة المنوفية بجمهورية مصر العربية. يحدها قرى كفر مناوهلة وكفر أبشيش والمقاطع واصطباري.

التاريخ
ذكرها علي مبارك في كتابه الخطط التوفيقية باسم "شبرى خلفون"، حيث ذكر أنها قرية في مديرية المنوفية بقسم سبك، وأن بها جامع ومعمل دجاج، وعدة بساتين وعدة سواقي لري الزراعة، ومهنة أهلها الزراعة.

السكان
بلغ عدد سكان شبرا خلفون 9,690 نسمة، حسب الإحصاء الرسمي لعام 2006.

انظر أيضاً
قائمة قرى محافظة المنوفية

مصادر

قرى شبين الكوم

شبرا خلفون


Ignazio Sanna (Orune, província de Nuoro, Itália, 20 de fevereiro de 1942) é um clérigo italiano e arcebispo católico romano emérito de Oristano. É presidente da Pontifícia Academia de Teologia.

Ignazio Sanna recebeu o Sacramento da Ordem em 11 de março de 1967.

Em 22 de abril de 2006, o Papa Bento XVI o nomeou ao Arcebispo de Oristano. O Cardeal Vigário da Diocese de Roma, Cardeal Camillo Ruini, o consagrou em 25 de junho do mesmo ano; Os co-consagradores foram o bispo auxiliar de Roma, Rino Fisichella, e o arcebispo emérito de Oristano, Pier Giuliano Tiddia.

O Papa Francisco aceitou sua aposentadoria em 4 de maio de 2019.

Ignazio Sanna é membro da Pontifícia Academia de Teologia, da qual foi nomeado Presidente em 3 de junho de 2019.

Ver também

Bispos católicos da Itália

Ignazio Sanna


الحاجة الحمداوية (1930 - 2021)، هي مطربة شعبية مغربية، تُعتبر من أقدم الفنانات المغربيات في مجال فن العيطة (تراث شعبي أصيل موغل في القدم)، إذ ارتبطت به منذ ظهورها على الساحة الفنية، في وقت كان المجتمع المغربي المحافظ، ينظر فيه إلى الفن بنوع من التحفظ والحذر. عاشت المجد الذهبي للأغنية المغربية في عقود الخمسينيات والستينيات والسبعينيات من القرن العشرين، فإنها تعرضت في إحدى مراحل مسيرتها الفنية لتعثرات وظروف صحية ومادية مؤلمة جعلتها في فترة من الفترات، تعرف أسوأ أيام حياتها، وعاجزة عن تلبية أبسط حاجياتها اليومية مثل الدواء والسكن وغيرهما، قبل أن تنهض من جديد، بعد أن التفتت إليها جهات عليا نافذة في الدولة، وأولتها العناية اللازمة. في أغسطس 2008 التقت ميريام فارس مع الحاجة الحمداوية في تطوان وتقدمت لها بطلب إعادة إحدى أغانيها في ألبومها القادم وهو ما وافقت عليه الحمداوية.

وفاتها
توفيت يوم الاثنين 5 أبريل 2021 ميلاديًّا، الموافق 23 شعبان 1442 هجريًا، عن عمر ناهز 91 عامًا، بعد معاناة مع المرض.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أشخاص من الدار البيضاء

مغنيات مغربيات في القرن 20
مغنيات مغربيات في القرن 21
مواليد 1351 هـ
مواليد 1930
مواليد في الدار البيضاء
موسيقيون مغاربة
وفيات 1442 هـ
وفيات 2021
وفيات في الرباط

الحاجة الحمداوية


Termo usado entre os jornalistas e intelectuais para se referirem ao tradicional e efervescente jornal Tribuna da imprensa, fundado por Carlos Lacerda em 1949.

Referencias

Escola da Rua do Lavradio


Film ile aynı ismi taşıyan albüm 1990 yılında Colombia Records tarafından çıkarıldı.

 "Main Title" (Nino Rota) – 00:41
 "The Godfather Waltz" (Rota) – 01:10
 "Marcia Religioso" (Carmine Coppola, Rota) – 02:51
 "Michael's Letter" (Coppola, Rota) – 01:08
 "The Immigrant"/"Love Theme From The Godfather Part 3" (Coppola, Rota) – 02:36
 "The Godfather Waltz" (Rota) – 01:24
 "To Each His Own" (Jay Livingston, Ray Evans) – 03:20 Al Martino
 "Vincent's Theme" (Coppola, Rota) – 01:49
 "Altobello" (Coppola, Rota) – 02:08
 "The Godfather Intermezzo" (Coppola, Rota) – 03:21
 "Sicilian Medley" (Coppola) – 02:09 Medley of Va Pensiero/Danza Trantella/Mazurka (Alla Siciliana)
 "Promise Me You'll Remember (Love Theme From The Godfather Part III)" (Coppola, John Bettis) – 05:10 Harry Connick, Jr.
 "Preludio And Siciliana" () – 08:15
 "A Casa Amiche" () – 01:59
 "Preghiera" () – 05:29
 "Finale" () – 08:12
 "Coda: The Godfather Finale" (Nino Rota) – 02:28

Filmde çalınan ama albümde olmayan parçalar:

 To Each His Own; Vitti 'Na Caozza
 En Compari; Beyond the Blue Horizon
 Lover
 Senza Perdono
 Miracle Man (E. Costello)
 Dimmi, Dimmi, Dimmi
 Gregorian Chant
 Brucia La Terra
 Santa Rosalia (from La Baronessa di Carini)
 Promise Me You'll Remember

Baba
1990 albümleri

Baba Bölüm III (albüm)


Lucas Lira Soares (Brasília, 16 de abril de 1994) é um youtuber, empresário e influenciador digital brasileiro, conhecido pelos vlogs do canal "Invento na Hora" no YouTube.

Biografia e carreira

Lucas Lira, nascido em Samambaia Norte, é criador do canal "Invento na Hora", um dos 100 maiores canais do YouTube Brasil. Quando terminou o Ensino Médio, ingressou num curso técnico de web design. Trabalhou também como editor de fotos, funcionário de loja e assistente de lotérica. Após esse período, decidiu criar um canal no YouTube.

Começou a postar vídeos na plataforma em 2012, mas a ideia de criar o canal no YouTube surgiu em 2010. Lucas desejava expressar suas opiniões sobre diversos assuntos, mas conseguiu iniciar apenas dois anos depois, pois antes não possuía nenhuma câmera para as gravações. O nome "Invento na Hora" surgiu porque não planejava nenhum roteiro para os vídeos. Óculos, bandana e boné faziam parte da identidade do canal, mas depois essa caracterização foi abandonada.

Em 2014, Lucas Lira chegou a participar do quadro Fenômenos da Internet, da Eliana, no SBT, pois um de seus vídeos de 2013 havia viralizado na web. Apesar de não ter ganho a competição, ficou em primeiro lugar nos Trending Topics do Twitter, o que ajudou o "Invento na Hora" a ganhar visibilidade. Em novembro de 2014, Lucas Lira atingiu 1 milhão de inscritos.

Por conta de seu reconhecimento como youtuber, ele já participou de outros programas de TV, entre eles Legendários, Programa Raul Gil e Domingo Legal. Em 2016, o youtuber também foi autor do livro Minha Vida Antes do Invento na Hora, que aborda principalmente histórias de sua infância e adolescência. No mesmo ano, foi ganhador do Entubados, reality show de youtubers, no canal Sony, apresentado por Danilo Gentili.

Hoje em dia, o canal "Invento na Hora" possui mais de 14 milhões de inscritos. No Instagram, Lucas contém quase 6 milhões de seguidores, enquanto no Twitter pouco mais de 3 milhões.

Vida pessoal

Em 2014, Lucas começou um relacionamento com a influenciadora Sunaika Bruna de Souza. Em julho de 2020, foi anunciado que os dois estavam esperando o primeiro filho. Ainda em 2020, Lucas e Bruna ficaram noivos. Em fevereiro de 2021, nasceu Noah de Souza Lira Soares. Em maio de 2023, o casal anunciou o término do relacionamento porém em outubro anunciaram que tinha reatado. Lucas e Bruna nunca chegaram a se casar apesar de morarem juntos.

Em 2015, por motivos profissionais, Lucas deixou a casa dos pais e morou em São Paulo durante 6 anos. Em 2021, decidiu voltar a morar em Brasília.

Filmografia

Televisão

Internet

Videoclipes

Livros

Prêmios e indicações

Ligações externas

Nascidos em 1994
Naturais de Brasília
Vlogueiros do Brasil
Youtubers do Distrito Federal (Brasil)
Vlogueiros do YouTube
Influenciadores digitais do Brasil
Participantes de reality shows do Brasil
Celebridades da Internet
Personalidades da Internet do Brasil

Lucas Lira


Procesul de schimb ionic face referire la un schimb de ioni dintre doi electroliți sau dintre o soluție de electrolit și un complex. De cele mai multe ori, termenul este utilizat pentru a face referire la procesele de purificare, separare și decontaminare a unor soluții apoase sau ionice, cu ajutorul unor compuși schimbători de ioni, de natură polimerică sau minerală. În funcție de natura încărcării electrice, schimbătorii de ioni pot fi anioniți sau cationiți.

Aplicații
Procedeele de schimb ionic sunt utilizate pe scară largă în industria alimentară și a băuturilor, hidrometalurgie, în tehnologia chimică, petrochimică și farmaceutică, în producția de zahăr și îndulcitori, în tratamentul apelor, în industria semiconductorilor, etc.

Un exemplu tipic de aplicație este obținerea de apă de puritate ridicată, necesară în industriile nucleare, electronic și electrice. De exemplu, schimbătorii de ioni polimerici sau minerali insolubili sunt folosiți pentru deionizarea, purificarea și decontaminarea apei. În procesul de deionizare a apei, sunt schimbați ionii de calciu Ca2+ și magneziu Mg2+ din apele dure cu ioni de sodiu Na+ sau protoni H+.

O altă metodă specifică de schimb ionic este metoda analitică denumită cromatografie de schimb ionic. Această metodă de cromatografie ionică este utilizată pe scară largă pentru separarea ionilor și analiza chimică a acestora.

Vezi și
 Cromatografie de schimb ionic
 Rășină schimbătoare de ioni
 Electrod ion-selectiv
 Număr de transport ionic

Referințe

Chimie analitică
Metode de separare

Schimb ionic


بلدية كاركابوسو ، هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة قصرش والتي تقع في منطقة إكستريمادورا، غرب إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 1.087 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2002).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في قصرش
بلديات قصرش

كاركابوسو


An Phyllostachys bambusoides in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Philipp Franz von Siebold ngan Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini. An Phyllostachys bambusoides in nahilalakip ha genus nga Phyllostachys, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Nag-uusahan nga subspecies: P. b. castillonii.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Phyllostachys

Phyllostachys bambusoides


Australsk gøg ( eller Heteroscenes pallidus) er en fugleart, der lever i Australien.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Gøg
Gøge

Australsk gøg


دانييلي براشييلي  هو لاعب كرة مضرب إيطالي.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 معلومات عن اللاعب

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من أريتسو
لاعبو كرة مضرب أولمبيون من إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة مضرب إيطاليون
لاعبو كرة مضرب شاركوا في دورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية لعام 2012
مواليد 1978
مواليد في أريتسو

دانييلي براشييلي


Horst er en kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Lauenburgische Seen under Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg. Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg ligger i delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Horst ligger ca. 5 km øst for byen Mölln og ca. 7 km vest for søen Schaalsee i Naturpark Lauenburgische Seen.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens side på amtets websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2014 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg

Horst (Lauenburg)


Trichocolea uleana é uma espécie de planta do gênero Trichocolea e da família Trichocoleaceae. É epífita sobre araucárias.

Conservação
A espécie faz parte da Lista Vermelha das espécies ameaçadas do estado do Espírito Santo, no sudeste do Brasil. A lista foi publicada em 13 de junho de 2005 por intermédio do decreto estadual nº 1.499-R.

Ligações externas

Trichocoleaceae
Trichocolea
Plantas
Flora do Brasil
Flora do Espírito Santo (estado)

Trichocolea uleana


Finn Mickelborg (født 8. oktober 1932, død 25. juli 2007) var en dansk maler. Mickelborg begyndte som surrealist, men førtes i sin læretid hos Bamse Kragh-Jacobsen 1960-65 over i det konstruktive maleri.

Herefter opdagede han sprøjtepistolens muligheder for at modulere farver, fx i store mørke "rumlandskaber". Han var medstifter af Ny Abstraktion 1976 og blev medlem af Grønningen 1984 (formand fra 1990).

Mickelborg modtog Eckersberg Medaillen i 1988.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

Malere fra Danmark
Modtagere af Eckersberg Medaillen
Personer i Kraks Blå Bog (afdøde)

Finn Mickelborg


Călușarii din Bârla este un film românesc din 2014 regizat de Adriana Oprea. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Gheorghe Crânguș, Marin Crivac, Gelu Crivac.

Prezentare

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2014 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 2014
Filme documentare românești

Călușarii din Bârla


Salome Zurabișvili (în ; ) este o politiciană și fostă diplomată georgiană, născută în Franța. În urma alegerilor prezidențiale din noiembrie 2018, Zurabișvili a devenit prima femeie președinte din istoria Georgiei.

Biografie
Zurabișvili s-a născut la Paris, după ce părinții ei au părăsit Georgia în 1921 ca urmare a anexării acesteia de Uniunea Sovietică. Ea a fost numită în 2003 ambasador al Franței în Georgia, iar un an mai târziu a devenit ministru de externe în guvernul condus de Miheil Saakașvili. În calitate de ministru de externe, Zurabișvili a fost principalul negociator al acordului de retragere a trupelor militare rusești de pe teritoriul Georgiei, semnat la 19 mai 2005 cu ministrul rus al afacerilor externe, Serghei Lavrov. În timpul mandatului său de ministru de externe, a fost creat Noul Grup de Prieteni ai Georgiei, reunind Ucraina, Lituania, Letonia, Estonia, România, Bulgaria, Cehia și Polonia în susținerea aspirațiilor Georgiei de aderare la Uniunea Europeană și NATO. Zurabișvili a fost și coordonatoarea grupului de experți care au asistat Comitetul de sancțiuni împotriva Iranului al Consiliului de Securitate al ONU.

În martie 2006 Zurabișvili a fondat partidul politic Calea Georgiei și a fost lider și președinte de onoare al partidului până în 2010. La alegerile parlamentare din octombrie 2016 Zurabișvili a devenit membru independent al Parlamentului Georgiei. Ulterior, a candidat, tot ca independent, la alegerile prezidențiale din noiembrie 2018, unde a câștigat 59% din sufragii. Candidatura sa a fost susținută de Visul Georgian, partidul aflat la guvernare.

Note

Nașteri în 1952
Diplomați francezi
Oameni din Paris
Președinți ai Georgiei
Președinți femei

Salome Zurabișvili


A Wrinkle in Time is a young adult science fantasy novel written by American author Madeleine L'Engle. First published in 1962, the book won the Newbery Medal, the Sequoyah Book Award, the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award, and was runner-up for the Hans Christian Andersen Award. The main characters – Meg Murry, Charles Wallace Murry, and Calvin O'Keefe – embark on a journey through space and time, from galaxy to galaxy, as they endeavor to rescue the Murrys' father and fight back The Black Thing that has intruded into several worlds.

The novel offers a glimpse into the war between light and darkness, and good and evil, as the young characters mature into adolescents on their journey. The novel wrestles with questions of spirituality and purpose, as the characters are often thrown into conflicts of love, divinity, and goodness. It is the first book in L'Engle's Time Quintet, which follows the Murry family and O'Keefe.

L'Engle modeled the Murry family on her own. B.E. Cullinan noted that L'Engle created characters who "share common joy with a mixed fantasy and science fiction setting". The novel's scientific and religious undertones are therefore highly reflective of the life of L'Engle.

The book has inspired a 2003 television film directed by John Kent Harrison, and a 2018 theatrical film directed by Ava DuVernay, both produced by The Walt Disney Company.

Background

Raised in the Upper East Side of Manhattan, author Madeleine L'Engle began writing at a young age. After graduating from boarding school in Switzerland, she attended Smith College, where she earned a degree in English. In addition to writing, L'Engle also gained experience as an actor and playwright. At age forty, she nearly abandoned her career as a novelist, but continued to write after her publication of Meet the Austins.

L'Engle wrote A Wrinkle in Time between 1959 and 1960. In her memoir, L'Engle explains that the book was conceived "during a time of transition". After years of living in rural Goshen, Connecticut where they ran a general store, L'Engle's family, the Franklins, moved back to New York City, first taking a ten-week camping trip across the country. L'Engle writes that "we drove through a world of deserts and buttes and leafless mountains, wholly new and alien to me. And suddenly into my mind came the names, Mrs Whatsit. Mrs Who. Mrs Which." This was in the spring of 1959. When asked for more information in an interview with Horn Book magazine in 1983, L'Engle responded

L'Engle has also described the novel as her "psalm of praise to life, [her] stand for life against death."

Additionally, L'Engle drew upon her interest in science. The novel includes references to Einstein's theory of relativity and Planck's quantum theory.

A Wrinkle in Time is the first novel in the Time Quintet, a series of five young-adult novels by L'Engle.  Later books include A Wind in the Door, A Swiftly Tilting Planet, Many Waters, and An Acceptable Time. The series follows the adventures of Meg Murry, her youngest brother Charles Wallace Murry, their friend Calvin O'Keefe, and her twin siblings Sandy and Dennys Murry. Throughout the series, family members band together to travel through time as they attempt to save the world from the grasps of evil.

Publication history
Upon completion in 1960, the novel was rejected by at least 26 publishers, because it was, in L'Engle's words, "too different," and "because it deals overtly with the problem of evil, and it was really difficult for children, and was it a children's or an adults' book, anyhow?"

In "A special message from Madeleine L'Engle", L'Engle offers another possible reason for the rejections: "A Wrinkle in Time had a female protagonist in a science fiction book", which at the time was rare.

After trying "forty-odd" publishers (L'Engle later said "twenty-six rejections"), L'Engle's agent returned the manuscript to her. Then at Christmas, L'Engle threw a tea party for her mother. One of the guests happened to know J.C. Farrar of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, and he insisted that L'Engle should meet with him. Although the publisher did not, at the time, publish a line of children's books, Farrar met L'Engle, liked the novel, and ultimately published it under the Ariel imprint.

In 1963, the book won the Newbery Medal, an annual award given by the Association for Library Service to Children, a division of the American Library Association, to the author of the most distinguished contribution to American children's literature. The book has been continuously in print since its first publication. The hardback edition is still published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux. The original blue dust jacket by Ellen Raskin was replaced with new art by Leo and Diane Dillon, with the publication of A Swiftly Tilting Planet in 1978. The book has also been published in a 25th anniversary collectors' edition (limited to 500 signed and numbered copies), at least two book club editions (one hardback, one Scholastic Book Services paperback), as a trade paperback under the Dell Yearling imprint, and as a mass market paperback under the Dell Laurel-Leaf imprint. The cover art on the paperback editions has changed several times since its first publication.

The book was reissued by Square Fish in trade and mass market paperback formats in May 2007, along with the rest of the Time Quintet. This new edition includes a previously unpublished interview with L'Engle as well as a transcription of her Newbery Medal acceptance speech.

Plot summary
One night, thirteen-year-old Meg Murry meets an eccentric new neighbor, Mrs. Whatsit, who refers to something called a tesseract. Meg later finds out it is a scientific concept her father was working on before his mysterious disappearance. The following day, Meg, her child genius brother Charles Wallace, and fellow schoolmate Calvin visit Mrs. Whatsit's home, where the equally strange Mrs. Who and the voice of the unseen Mrs. Which promise to help Meg find and rescue her father.

Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, and Mrs. Which turn out to be supernatural beings who teleport Meg, Charles Wallace, and Calvin O'Keefe through the universe by means of a tesseract, a fifth-dimensional phenomenon explained as folding the fabric of space and time; this form of travel is called tessering. Their first stop is the planet Uriel, a world inhabited by centaur-like beings who live in a state of light and love, fighting against the approaching darkness. There, the Mrs. Ws demonstrate to the children how the universe is under attack from an evil being that appears particularly clearly on Uriel as an overwhelming dark cloud, called The Black Thing. They then take the children to Orion's Belt to visit the Happy Medium, a far-seeing person with a crystal ball through which they are shown that Earth is partially covered by the darkness, although great religious figures, philosophers, scientists, and artists, have been fighting against it. Mrs. Whatsit is revealed to be a former star, who exploded in an act of self-sacrifice to fight the darkness.

The three Mrs. Ws tesser the children to the edge of the inhabited part of a dark planet named Camazotz, which has succumbed to The Black Thing, and where the Mrs. Ws cannot themselves enter. Meg's and Charles Wallace's father, Alex Murry, is imprisoned in a nearby city because he refused to yield to the group mind that causes inhabitants to behave in a mechanical way. When they reach the CENTRAL Central Intelligence building, Charles Wallace deliberately allows himself to be hypnotized, in order to find where their father is kept. Controlled by the group mind, Charles Wallace takes Meg and Calvin to the place where Meg's father is being held prisoner. He then takes them to IT, the disembodied brain with powerful telepathic abilities that controls the planet. Using special powers from Mrs. Who's glasses, Meg is able to reach her father, who tessers Calvin, Meg, and himself to the adjacent planet Ixchel, before IT can control them all. Charles Wallace is left behind, still under the influence of IT, Meg is paralyzed from contact with The Black Thing during the trip, and Dr. Murry suffers broken ribs. The inhabitants of Ixchel are beast-like, with featureless faces, tentacles, and four arms. Despite their frightening appearance, they prove to be both wise and gentle; one cures Meg's paralysis, prompting Meg to nickname it "Aunt Beast".

The trio of Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, and Mrs. Which arrive on Ixchel, before Alex Murry has recovered, and assign the rescue of Charles Wallace to Meg alone. Arriving at the building where IT resides, she finds Charles Wallace still under IT's control. Inspired by hints from the Mrs. Ws, Meg focuses all her love on Charles Wallace and is able to free him from IT, at which point Mrs. Which remotely tessers Meg and Charles Wallace off Camazotz.

They all then tesser back to Earth, to the edge of the forest near the Murry home, and back to the moment in time just after the Mrs. Ws and the children originally left Earth. Then the Mrs. Ws vanish.

Characters

Main characters

Margaret "Meg" Murry

Meg is the oldest child of scientists Alex and Kate Murry, about thirteen years old. Introduced on the first page of the book, she is the story's main protagonist. One of Kate Murry's "abnormal" children, she seems to have a temper and a difficult time focusing in school. She was portrayed by Katie Stuart in the 2003 film and by Storm Reid in the 2018 film.

Charles Wallace Murry

Charles Wallace is the youngest Murry child, at six years old. Charles Wallace speaks only to his family, but can empathically or telepathically read certain people's thoughts and feelings. He was portrayed by David Dorfman in the 2003 film and by Deric McCabe in the 2018 film.

Calvin O'Keefe

Calvin is the third oldest of Paddy and Branwen O'Keefe's eleven children: a tall, thin, red-haired 14-year-old high school junior. He was portrayed by Gregory Smith  in the 2003 film, and by Levi Miller in the 2018 film.

Supernatural characters

Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, and Mrs. Which
The Mrs. Ws are immortal beings who can travel across large stretches of both space and time by dematerializing and rematerializing ("tessering"). They are all capable of shapeshifting, but appear as elderly women for almost all of the story.

Mrs. Whatsit is the youngest of the Mrs. Ws (despite being 2,379,152,497 years, 8 months, and 3 days old), and has the most interaction with the children. In a past life she was a star, and when reminded, still grieves for the loss of life on her former planets, when the star she was, died.

Mrs. Who communicates by quoting (and translating) literary sayings in Latin, Spanish, Italian, German, French, Portuguese, and Greek. When the Mrs. Ws leave the group on Camazotz, for no immediately obvious reason, Mrs. Who loans Meg her glasses.

Mrs. Which is the leader of the three women, the oldest of them, and the most skilled at tessering. However, she has nearly forgotten what a body is like, so has difficulty maintaining a solid form, and because of this does make a mistake while tessering to Camazotz. She is usually business-like and unemotional towards the children.

IT

"IT" is the telepathic brain that controls the planet of Camazotz. IT appears as a giant-sized, disembodied human brain, housed in a transparent jar. While IT usually speaks through one of its pawns (such as the Man with Red Eyes) IT can speak directly to people via telepathy. IT is either an avatar or a servant of The Black Thing.

The Black Thing
The Black Thing, a formless, shadowy being, is the source of all evil in the universe.

Secondary characters

Dr. Alexander "Alex" Murry
Alex Murry, the father of the Murry children, is a physicist who is researching tesseracts and their relation to the mysteries of the space / time continuum. At the start of the novel, he has been missing for some time.

Dr. Katherine "Kate" Murry
Katherine Murry, the mother of the Murry children, is a microbiologist. She is considered beautiful by the Murry children and others, having "flaming red hair", creamy skin, and violet eyes with long dark lashes.

Sandy and Dennys Murry

Sandy (named after his father Alexander, also goes by "Xan") and his twin brother Dennys ("Den") are the middle children in the Murry family, older than Charles Wallace but younger than Meg. They are 10 years old and are depicted as inseparable at the time of this book. They are the only "normal" and socially accepted children in the Murry family.

Mrs. Buncombe
Mrs. Buncombe is the wife of the constable in Meg's hometown.

Mr. Jenkins
Mr. Jenkins is Meg's high-school principal who implies that her family is in denial about Dr. Alex Murry's true whereabouts.

Supporting alien characters

Happy Medium
The Happy Medium is human in appearance, but of uncertain gender. She uses her powers and a crystal ball to look at distant places and people. She prefers to look for happy events and her customary demeanor is jolly, but becomes sad upon viewing sad events. She lives in a cavern on a planet in Orion's Belt.

Aunt Beast
Aunt Beast is a nurturing creature who cares after Meg on the planet Ixchel, the next planet out from Camazotz, nursing Meg back towards wholeness after exposure to The Black Thing. "Aunt Beast" is a name created by Meg that the character accepts; her actual name, if any, is not given. She is a human-sized, furry, four-armed, eyeless gray creature with telepathic abilities. Instead of fingers she has numerous long, waving tentacles.

Analysis

Religion
The novel is highly spiritualized, with notable influences of divine intervention and prominent undertones of religious messages. According to James Beasley Simpson, the overwhelming love and desire for light within the novel is directly representative of a Christian love for God and Jesus Christ. Furthermore, the children encounter spiritual intervention, signaling God's presence in the ordinary, as well as the extendibility of God's power and love. Madeleine L'Engle's fantasy works are in part highly expressive of her Christian viewpoint in a manner somewhat similar to that of Christian fantasy writer C.S. Lewis.
L'Engle's liberal Christianity has been the target of criticism from conservative Christians, especially with respect to certain elements of A Wrinkle in Time.

L'Engle utilizes numerous religious references and allusions in the naming of locations within the novel. Camazotz is the name of a Mayan bat god, one of L'Engle's many mythological allusions in her nomenclature.
The name Ixchel refers to a Mayan jaguar goddess of medicine. Uriel is a planet with extremely tall mountains, an allusion to the Archangel Uriel. It is inhabited by creatures that resemble winged centaurs. It is "the third planet of the star Malak (meaning 'angel' in Hebrew) in the spiral galaxy Messier 101", which would place it at roughly 21 million light-years from Earth. The site of Mrs Whatsit's temporary transformation into one of these winged creatures, it is the place where "the guardian angels show the questers a vision of the universe that is obscured on earth." The three women are described as ancient beings who act as guardian angels.

The theme of picturing the fight of good against evil as a battle of light and darkness is a recurring one. Its manner is reminiscent of the prologue to the Gospel of John, which is quoted within the book. When the Mrs Ws reveal their secret roles in the cosmic fight against darkness, they ask the children to name some figures on Earth, a partially dark planet, who fight the darkness. They name Jesus and, later in the discussion, the Buddha is named as well.

Nevertheless, religious journalist Sarah Pulliam Bailey doubts whether the novel contains religious undertones. Bailey explains that many readers somehow believe the novel promotes witchcraft, as opposed to alluding to Christian spirituality. Bailey states that conservative Christians take offense, due to the novel's potential relativistic qualities, suggesting the various interpretations of religious allusions signals anti-Christian sentiments. However, in her personal journal referencing A Wrinkle in Time, L'Engle confirms the religious content within the novel: "If I've ever written a book that says what I feel about God and the universe, this is it."

Conformity
Themes of conformity and yielding to the status quo are prominent in the novel:

IT is a powerful dominant group that manipulates the planet of Camazotz into conformity. Even Charles Wallace falls prey and is hence persuaded to conform. It is thanks to Meg that she and her father and brother are able to break from conformity.

According to Charlotte Jones Voiklis, the author's granddaughter, the story was not a simple allegory of communism; in a three-page passage that was cut before publication, the process of domination and conformity is said to be an outcome of dictatorship under totalitarian regimes, and of an intemperate desire for security in democratic countries.

J. Fulton writes:

Conformity on Camazotz
Camazotz is a planet of extreme, enforced conformity, ruled by a disembodied brain called IT. Camazotz is similar to Earth, with familiar trees such as birches, pines, and maples, an ordinary hill on which the children arrive, and a town with smokestacks, which "might have been one of any number of familiar towns". The horror of the place arises from its ordinary appearance, endlessly duplicated. The houses are "all exactly alike, small square boxes painted gray", which, according to author Donald Hettinga, signals a comparison to "the burgeoning American suburbia", such as the post-war housing developments of Levittown, New York. The people who live in the houses are similarly described as "mother figures" who "all gave the appearance of being the same".

W. Blackburn compared Camazotz to "an early sixties American image of life in a communist state", which Blackburn later dismissed.

Feminism
A Wrinkle in Time has also received praise for empowering young female readers. Critics have celebrated L'Engle's depiction of Meg Murry, a young, precocious heroine whose curiosity and intellect help save the world from evil. The New York Times has described this portrayal as "a departure from the typical 'girls' book' protagonist – as wonderful as many of those varied characters are".

In doing so, L'Engle has been credited for paving the way for other bright heroines, including Hermione Granger of the Harry Potter book series, as well as Katniss Everdeen of the Hunger Games trilogy. Regarding her choice to include a female protagonist, L'Engle has stated in her acceptance speech upon receiving the Margaret Edwards Award, "I'm a female. Why would I give all the best ideas to a male?"

Reception
At the time of the book's publication, Kirkus Reviews said:

According to The Horn Book Magazine:

In a retrospective essay about the Newbery Medal-winning books from 1956 to 1965, librarian Carolyn Horovitz wrote:

In a 2011 essay for Tor.com, American author and critic Mari Ness called A Wrinkle in Time

A 2004 study found that A Wrinkle in Time was a common read-aloud book for sixth-graders in schools in San Diego County, California. Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association listed the book as one of its "Teachers' top 100 books for children." It was one of the "Top 100 chapter books" of all time in a 2012 poll by School Library Journal.

In 2016, the novel saw a spike in sales after Chelsea Clinton mentioned it as influential in her childhood in a speech at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.

Controversy
A Wrinkle in Time is on the American Library Association list of the 100 most frequently challenged books of 1990–2000 at number 23. The novel has been accused of being both anti-religious and anti-Christian for its inclusion of witches and crystal balls, and for containing "New Age" spiritual themes that do not reflect traditional Christian teachings.

According to USA Today, the novel was challenged in a school district in the state of Alabama due to the "book's listing the name of Jesus Christ together with the names of great artists, philosophers, scientists, and religious leaders when referring to those who defend Earth against evil." The novel was also challenged in 1984 by an elementary school in Polk City, Florida when parents claimed that the novel promoted witchcraft.

Regarding this controversy, L'Engle told The New York Times:

Audio books
In 1994, Listening Library released an unabridged, 4 cassette audio edition read by the author.

On January 10, 2012, Audible released a 50th anniversary edition recorded by Hope Davis.

Film adaptations

In 2003, a television adaptation of the novel was made by a collaboration of Canadian production companies, to be distributed in the United States by Disney. The movie was directed by John Kent Harrison, with a teleplay by Susan Shilliday. It stars Katie Stuart as Meg Murry, Alfre Woodard as Mrs. Whatsit, Alison Elliott as Mrs. Who, and Kate Nelligan as Mrs. Which. In an interview with MSNBC / Newsweek, when L'Engle was asked if the film "met her expectations", she said, "I have glimpsed it ... I expected it to be bad, and it is."

A theatrical feature film adaptation of the novel, by Walt Disney Pictures, was released in 2018. The film was directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Jennifer Lee and Jeff Stockwell. It stars Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling, Chris Pine, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Storm Reid, Michael Peña, and Zach Galifianakis.

Plays
An adaptation by James Sie premiered at the Lifeline Theatre in Chicago in 1990, and returned to the stage in 1998 and 2017.

John Glore adapted the novel as a play that premiered in 2010. It was written for 6 actors playing 12 parts. One actor plays Mrs Whatsit, the Man with Red Eyes, and Camazotz Man. Similarly, another performer plays the characters of Dr. Kate Murry, Mrs Who, Camazotz Woman, and Aunt Beast. The stage adaptation premiered in Costa Mesa, California, with productions in Bethesda, Maryland; Cincinnati; Philadelphia; Orlando; Portland, Oregon; and other cities.

An adaptation by Tracy Young premiered at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in April 2014, with productions at colleges and theaters around the U.S.

Opera
In 1992, OperaDelaware (known for frequently adapting children's books) staged an opera based on A Wrinkle in Time written by Libby Larsen with a libretto by Walter Green. The review in Philly.com stated: "The composer does not place arias and set pieces, but conversational ensembles with spoken dialogue that made the young daughter's climactic but concise song about familial love all the more imposing."

Graphic novel
In 2010, Hope Larson announced that she was writing and illustrating the official graphic novel version of the book. This version was published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux in October 2012.

Further reading

See also

 Tunnel Through Time
 Wormhole

Notes

References

External links

1962 American novels
Time Quintet
American fantasy novels adapted into films
Novels by Madeleine L'Engle
Newbery Medal–winning works
Science fantasy novels
Young adult fantasy novels
Children's fantasy novels
Children's science fiction novels
Christian science fiction
Feminist science fiction novels
Space exploration novels
1962 science fiction novels
1962 fantasy novels
Books with cover art by Leo and Diane Dillon
Farrar, Straus and Giroux books
Fiction about wormholes
Novels set on fictional planets
Novels about time travel
1962 children's books
American novels adapted into television shows
Science fiction novels adapted into films
American novels adapted into plays
Novels adapted into operas
Novels adapted into comics
Children's books about time travel
Children's books set on fictional planets

A Wrinkle in Time


මෙම ලිපිය ත්‍රිකෝණමිතියෙහි  සයින් නියමය පිළිබඳවයි. භෞතික විද්‍යාවේ සයින් නියමය සඳහා ස‍නෙල් නියමය බලන්න.

ත්‍රිකෝණමිතියේදී සයින් නියමය (හෝ සයින් නීතිය, සයින් සූත්‍රය) යනු	 තලයක වූ අභිමත ත්‍රිකෝණයක් පිළිබඳ වූ ප්‍රකාශනයකි. එම පාදවලට ප්‍රතිමුඛ  කෝණ a, b හා c ද නම් එවිට සයින් නියමයෙන් ප්‍රකාශ වන්නේ,

මෙහි R යනු ත්‍රිකෝණයේ පරිවෘත්තයේ අරයයි. ත්‍රිකෝණකරණ ශිල්පීය ක්‍රමයේ පොදු ගැටළුවක් වන ත්‍රිකෝණයක පාදයක්  හා කෝණ යුගලයක් දන්නේ නම් ඉතිරි පාද දෙක සෙවීම සඳහා මෙම නියමය ප්‍රයෝජනවත් වේ. එලෙසම ත්‍රිකෝණයේ පාද දෙකක් හා එම පාද දෙකින් සංවෘත නොවන කෝණයක් දන්නා විටද  මෙය භාවිතා කළ හැක. මෙහිදී සංවෘත කෝණය සඳහා අගයන් දෙකක් ලැබිය හැක. එලෙස අගයන් දෙකක් ලැබුණු  විට , එම එක් අගයක් පමණක් සියලු කෝණ  ට වඩා අඩු අගයන් ලබා දීමට හේතුපාදක වේ. එසේ නොමැති විට එම ත්‍රිකෝණ සඳහා වලංගු විසඳුම් දෙකක් ඇත. (වැඩි විස්තර සඳහා මෙම ලිපියෙහි උභ්‍යාර්ථ අවස්ථාව යන කොටස බලන්න.)

තවද,

මෙහි A යනු ත්‍රිකෝණයේ වර්ගඵලය වන අතර  s යනු අර්ධ පරිමිතිය  වෙයි

මෙම දෙවන තුල්‍යතාව හෙරොන්ගේ සූත්‍රයයි.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_sines

ගණිතය

සයින් නියමය


El lugar del fusilamiento de Blas Infante se encontraba en un ámbito rural en las inmediaciones de un cortijo que estaba siendo usado por una organización asistencial llamada Consultorio de Niños de Pecho y Gota de Leche, o, simplemente, la Gota de Leche. Este lugar se encuentra al norte de la ciudad, en la conocida como Carretera de Carmona.

Blas Infante era un nacionalista andaluz de izquierdas que había participado en algunos partidos republicanos. El fusilamiento se produjo al norte de la ciudad de Sevilla en 1936 y en los años 80 se colocó un monumento en ese lugar, realizado en bronce y mármol blanco.

Lugar

El sitio histórico comprende un espacio situado al margen de la carretera nacional IV, o Carretera de Carmona, en su kilómetro 4, coincidiendo con el actual nudo de la Gota de Leche, de la circunvalación de la SE-30, quedando emplazado en el ángulo noroeste de la intersección formada por ambas vías.

Monumento
La Fundación Blas Infante, en 1985, adquirió estos terrenos con el objeto de proceder a su identificación como lugar de interés histórico para Andalucía y para diseñar un espacio en donde levantar un monumento-homenaje a la figura de Blas Infante. En el lugar perdura aún el primitivo inmueble que sirvió como marco de aquel luctuoso suceso, el cortijo Gota de Leche, proyectado por Vicente Traver en torno a 1930.

El monumento, que comenzó a levantarse en 1983 y cuyo proyecto original del arquitecto José Ferrari sufrió con posterioridad modificaciones, se ha concebido como un espacio, a la manera de plaza rectangular, en el que se reparten parterres con vegetación y en cuyo extremo sur se encuentra el conjunto escultórico.

La composición, debida al escultor sevillano Sebastián Santos Calero y al arquitecto Juan Escribano, está formada por un basamento en el que se ubica un pedestal del que emergen dos columnas de mármol jónicas, las cuales sostienen una pieza de bronce en la que pueden leerse en la parte delantera: "Andalucía debe cumplir un ideal como realidad distinta y completa, como unidad espiritual viva, consciente y libre". Y en la parte trasera está escrito: "Viva Andalucía libre".

En la zona superior se representan un grupo de palomas en el momento de desplegar sus alas para iniciar el vuelo, en alusión a la libertad deseada para Andalucía.

En 2006 se completó, por iniciativa de la citada fundación, con la colocación de una escultura de bronce realizada por el mismo autor. La estatua tenía 2,10 metros de altura que representa a Blas Infante con los brazos abiertos en actitud consciente a la espera de recibir los disparos mientras se dirige al pueblo andaluz. La efigie está rodeada por ocho losas de metal, debidas al escultor Francisco Manuel Parra, alusivas a cada una de las provincias andaluzas, con sus respectivos escudos y presididas en la parte anterior por otra plancha con el escudo de Andalucía.

El día 10 de agosto de cada año la Fundación Blas Infante organiza un acto conmemorativo.

Referencias

Blas Infante
Bienes de interés cultural de la provincia de Sevilla
Fusilamiento
Historia de Sevilla
Escultura urbana en Sevilla
Sebastián Santos Calero

Lugar del fusilamiento de Blas Infante


Glenea zalinensis é uma espécie de escaravelho da família Cerambycidae.

Referências

Borneo catalog 2005

zalinensis

Glenea zalinensis