إبراهيــم بن محمد البواردي فنان تشكيلي من مواليد محافظة المذنب 1384هـ حصل على دبلوم تربية فنية سنة 1403هـ.

ومهنته الحالية معلم تربية فنية، ورئيس لجـنـة الفـنـون التشكيلية والخط العربي بالجمعية العربية السعودية للثقافة والفنون فرع القصيم، شارك في أكثر من 30 معرضا جماعيا محليا ودوليا.

الدورات الفنية التي حصل عليها

دورة مسؤولي مراسـم الأنديـة عام1403ه جامعة الملك سعود بالرياض

المعارض التي أقيمت خارج المملكة والتي شـارك بها
(معرض شباب دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي عام1990م أبوظبي)

المعـارض التي شــارك بها داخل المملــكة

- وكانت مشاركته في المعارض التالية:

1/المعرض العام الأول للمراسم عام1403هـ *الرياض*

2/معارض المكتب الرئيسي لرعاية الشباب بالقصيم1406_1407_1408_1409هـ*القصيم*

3/المعرض الأول لفناني القصيم_جمعية الثقافة والفنون بالقصيم1407هـ*القصيم*

4/المعرض العام الثالث للمراسم1407هـ*أبها*

5/معرض المقتنيات العاشر1408هـ*الرياض*

6/معرض المهرجان الوطني الرابع للتراث والثقافة 1408هـ*الرياض*

7/المعرض العام التاسع للمناطق1408هـ*الدوادمي*

8/المعرض العام الرابع للمراسم1409هـ*أبها*

9/معرض المقتنيات الحادي عشر عام1409هـ*أبها*

10/معرض جمعية الثقافة والفنون بالقصيم عن أحداث الخليج1990م بالقصيم

11/المعرض الثالث لفناني منطقة القصيم الخط العربي والزخرفة الإسلامية بالقصيم عام 1415هـ

12/المعرض الخيري الأول لفناني القصيم لصالح هيئة الإغاثة الإسلامية عام 1418هـ*عنيزه*

13/معرض المهرجان الوطني الثالث عشر للتراث والثقافة 1418ه*الرياض*

14/معرض المهرجان الوطني الرابع عشر للتراث والثقافة المواكب احتفالات المملكة بالمئوية 1419ه*الرياض*

15/معرض المعلمين الأول للفنون التشكيلية (وزارة المعارف)1420هـ*الرياض*

16/معرض فناني منطقة القصيم في المهرجان الوطني الخامس عشر للتراث والثقافة 1420ه*الرياض*

17/معرض الجداريات الأول لفناني القصيم الخاص بإمارة منطقة القصيم عام2001م*القصيم*

18/معرض العام للفنون التشكيلية ومكتب رعاية الشباب بالرس 1423هـ*الرس*

19/معرض شركة الزيت لفناني منطقة القصيم عام1424هـ*الخفجي*

20/مشارك في الرسم الحي بمقر تراث القصيم بالجنادريه أمام الزوار من عام1419-1430هـ

21/المشاركة في أسبوع اليمامة الثقافي الأول (المعرض التشكيلي) في كلية اليمامة بالرياض عام 1427 هـ

22/ عضو مشارك في تحكيم مسابقة أفضل المجسمات التجميلية لبلدية محافظة المذنب 1427هـ

23/معرض النادي الإدبي بالقصيم (تهويد القدس) لفناني وفنانات القصيم عام1428هـ

24/معرض جمعية الثقافة والفنون عام1428هـ الأحـساء

25/معرض جمعية الثقافة والفنون لفناني وفنانات القصيم الثامن عام1428هـ

26/معرض ومسابقة«طيبة» جمعية الثقافة والفنون فرع المدينة "1429" المدينة المنورة

27/معرض ومسابقة تواصل«الفن للحياة» والتي اقيمت في فندق الفيصلية بالرياض عام2008م

28/معرض تشكيلي عن نصرة الرسول في أبـها عام 2008م

29/معرض تشكيلي «فداك يا رسول الله» الجولة الثالثة في القطيف مهرجان الدوخلة 2008م والجولة الرابعة في كورال بيتش جدة 2009م

خبــراته

 مشرف عام على مرسم نادي التقدم في محافظة المذنب من عام 1406 - 1409 هـ
 المشاركة في اعداد وتنظيم معارض التربية الفنية لمدارس محافظة المذنب من عام 1406 هـ
 الإشراف على مركز برنامج رعاية الطلبة المبدعين في التربية الفنية عام 1425 هـ
 المشاركة في تنظيم ورش عمل ومحاظرات في مجال خبرات التربية الفنية والفن التشكيلي
 المشاركة في الاشراف والاعداد لمعرض حملة التضامن الوطني ضد الإرهاب في صيف المذنب السياحي عام 1426 هـ
 المشاركة في الاشراف والاعداد على المعرض التشكيلي والرسم الحي في جناح القصيم في المهرجان الوطني للتراث والثقافة بالجنادرية من عام 1419 - 1430هـ
 المشاركة في اعداد المعارض التشكيلية وبرامج لجنة الفنون التشكيلية والخط العربي في جمعية الثقافة والفنون بالقصيم من عام 1428 هـ
 المشاركة في اشراف واعداد المعرض التشكيلي لفنانات المدينة المنورة عن نصرة الرسول «صلى الله عليه وسلم» بالقصيم 1429 هـ

الجوائز التي حصل عليها الفنان

 جوائز عينية ولوحات اقتناء ومجموعة شهادات التقدير من الأمير فيصل بن فهد بن عبد العزيز.

والأمير متعب بن عبد الله بن عبد العزيز آل سعود

والأمير فيصل بن بندر، ومن الأمين العام للمجلس التعاون الخليجي عبدا لله بشارة وعدد المسئولين.

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من المذنب
فنانون تشكيليون سعوديون
مواليد 1384 هـ
مواليد 1964

إبراهيم البواردي


Christina Juhl Johansen (født 17. juli 1992 i Tommerup Stationsby) er en dansk roer, der ved VM i roning 2017 sammen med sin makker Lærke Berg Rasmussen debuterede som duo ved VM og vandt bronze i deres bådtype, toer uden styrmand. Hun stiller op for Danske Studenters Roklub i København.

Opvæskt
Juhl Johansen er opvokset i Tommerup Stationsby, og gik på Giersings realskole. Derefter tog hun studentereksamen på Odense Tekniske Gymnasium, hvor hun sluttede i sommeren 2012. Herefter læste hun Mar A på HF i 3 måneder, inden hun i 2013 startede med at læse kemi og bioteknologi på Syddansk Universitet i Odense. Året efter flyttede hun studiet til Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU).

Roning
I marts 2010, da Christina Juhl var 19 år gammel, gik hun i 1.G på Odense Tekniske Gymnasium, og roede i Odense Roklub, var hun igennem grundige tests hos Dansk Forening for Rosport og Team Danmark. Disse tests gjorde at Juhl Johansen blev tilbudt at blive eliteroer.

I sommeren 2014 flyttede hun til København, for at komme tættere på træningsfaciliteterne på Bagsværd Sø og hos Team Danmark. Samtidig blev hun medlem af Danske Studenters Roklub.

Da Anne Dsane Andersen efter Sommer-OL 2016 indstillede karrieren, skulle der findes en ny makker til Lærke Berg Rasmussen i den danske båd, toer uden styrmand. Her blev Christina Juhl Johansen valgt, og den danske duo vandt sølv ved EM i roning i maj 2017. Dette var deres første internationale finale-optræden i samme båd. Ved VM i roning 2017 i september vandt de bronzemedaljer.

Referencer

Roere fra Danmark
Personer fra Tommerup Stationsby
Deltagere for Danmark ved sommer-OL 2020

Christina Juhl Johansen


ශක්ති ධර්මය යනු ආදි පරාශක්ති දේවිය පූර්ණ පරබ්‍රහ්මන් ලෙසින් පිළිගන්නා හින්දු උප ලබ්ධියයි. පරම දෙවිඳුන් මාතෘත්වයෙන් දැකීම සහ වන්දනා කිරිම මෙහි මූලික සිදු වේ.

නැගෙනහිර ඉන්දියාවේ එනම් බෙංගාලය, ඇසෑමය වැනි ප්‍රදේශ වල ශක්ති වාදය බහුලව පවති. ආදි ශක්තිය නැතහොත් පරා ශක්තිය විශ්වයේ සියලූ යාම් ඊම් වල ගැබ්වන අභ්‍යන්තර ශක්තිය ලෙසින් ශක්තිවාදි හින්දූන් විශ්වාස කරයි. පරා ශක්තියේ ප්‍රධාන ස්වරූපයන් ලෙස භුවනේශ්වරී සහ සරස්වතී, ලක්ෂ්මී,දුර්ගා,රාධා සහ සාවිත්‍රී යන දෙවඟනන්  දැක්වේ. දේවි භාගවත පුරාණයට අනුකූලව ත්‍රිමූර්තිය එනම් බ්‍රහ්ම,විෂ්ණු සහ ශිව දෙවියන්ගේ මාතාවද ආදි ශක්තිය යි.

ඉතිහාසය සහ ආරම්භය
ශක්ති වාදය පිළිබඳව සඳහන් වන පැරණිතම මුලාශ්‍රය වන්නේ සෘග් වේදයේ දසවන පරිච්ඡේදයේ දේවි සුක්තම් වේ.

මා වෙමි රැජිණිය, සියලු නිධානයන් රැස් කර දෙන්නියයි. සියල්ලගේම වන්දනයට සුදුසු වන්නා වූ අධිකතර චින්තකයාය. එමතුද නොව මා විසින් දේව ගණයා (ත්‍රිමූර්තියද ඇතුලුව) හට බොහෝ ස්ථානයන් හී වාසයට පැමිණිය හැකි සේ ස්ථාපිත කර ඇත්තේය.මා විසින් සියල්ල ආහාර ගෙන යැපෙති. දෘෂ්ටිය ශබ්දය සහිත ආශ්වාස-ප්‍රශ්වාස කරන්නා වූ සියලු ජීවීන් එය දනී හෝ නොදනී. මා මහා විශ්වයෙහි ප්‍රකට ස්වභාවය තුළ වාසය කරන්නෙමි. මා විවර කරන්න කරන්නා වූ මෙම සත්‍ය සියල්ල අසත්වා.සැබැවින්ම මා  සම්පූර්ණ කොට පවසන මෙම වදන් සියලු දෙවියන් ඇතුළු මිනිසුන් තමන්ගේ යහපත උදෙසා ඒ ආකාරයෙන් ම පිළිගත යුත්තේ ය.මාගේ ඉච්ඡාව වන්නේත් අරමුණ වන්නේ මිනිසා අග්‍රගණ්‍ය බවට පත්වී විශ්වය අවබෝධ කර කරවූ සෘෂිවරයන් බවට පත්කිරීමයි. ඒ සඳහා මා ඔවුන් පෝෂණය කරමි. විශ්වයේ එදිරිවාදින් හට විරෝධය පෑම උදෙසා මා ඔහුගේ (රුද්‍ර) දුන්නෙහි දුනුදිය අදින්නෙමි.

මං පෘථිවියේ සහ ස්වර්ගය නිර්මාණය කර එහි ඇතුළාන්තයේ පරි පාලිකාව ලෙස හිඳිමි. ලෝකයේ මුදුන මා අහස්ගැබ ඉදිරියට වන සේ ගෙන ආ මුත්, මාගේ නිවස ජලය සහිත සාගරයේ ය. එතැන් සිට පැතිරුණු සියළු සියලු ජීවීන්ගේ පෞර්ෂය ද මා වෙමි. මාගේ විශ්ව රුව තුළ ඔවුන් සියල්ල විද්‍යාමාන වේ. මහ පරයන උත්තරීතර අයකු නොමැති ලෙස ඔවුන් සියල්ලම පැතිරව වාසය කරන්නා සේ, මාගේ ඉඡ්චාවන් පරිදි සියලු ලෝකයන් මා විසින් විද්‍යාමාන කොට ඇත. සදාතනික වූ පරම විඥානය මා වෙමි. එය මාගේ ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨත්වය තුළ ලැඟුම් ගෙන ඇත.

–Devi Sukta, Rigveda 10.125.3 – 10.125.8,

චතුර් වේදය තුල ස්ත්‍රී තත්වයට වඩා පුරුෂාර්තයට වැඩි ඉඩකඩක් ලබා දුන්නද, මෙයින් සඳහන් වන්නේ විශ්වයේ ඇති සැඟවුණු ශක්තිය නම් ස්ත්‍රී තත්වයක් බවයි.

ලිඛිත මුලාශ්‍රයන්

දේවි භාගවත පුරාණය

දේවී භාගවත පුරාණය යනු ශක්ති ධහම අඩංගු මුලිකම ග්‍රන්ථයයි. මෙම පුරාණයට අනුකූලව විශ්වයේ සැබෑම අන්තර් ශක්තිය වන්නෙ ආදි පරාශක්ති දේවිය යි. ත්‍රිමූර්තිය වන බ්‍රහ්ම, විෂ්ණු සහ ශිව යන දෙවිවරුන්ද එතුමියගේ නිර්මාණයක් ලෙසින් දැක්වේ. ඒ අනුව දේවියගේ සත්‍යම නිවාසය වන්නේ මණිද්වීපය නම් ආධ්‍යාත්මික ලෝකයයි. එහි එතුමිය භුවනේශ්වරී/ ත්‍රිපුරසුන්දරි ඇතලු දසමහාවිද්‍ය ස්වරූප වලින් විරාජමානව වැඩ සිටි.

දේවි මහත්ම්‍යම්

මාර්කණ්ඩේය පුරාණය  81 සිට 93 දක්වා පරිච්ඡේදයන් දේවි මහත්ම්‍යම් (දුර්ගා සප්තශති) ලෙසින් හැඳින්වේ. දේවි මහත්ම්‍යම් තුල ධර්මය සහ අධර්මය අතර ඇති අන්නා යුද්ධයන් පිළිබඳ කතා පුවත් දැක්වේ. හින්මදු ධහමේ ඉතා ප්‍රචලිත කතා පුවතක් දුර්ගා දේවිය සහ මහිශාසසුර අතර ඇති වන්නා වූ මහා යුද්ධය පිළිබඳව දැක්වෙන්නේ මෙහිය. මෙහි සඳහන් අකාරයට විශ්වයේ පරම වූ සත්‍ය වන බ්‍රහ්මන් ස්ත්‍රී තත්වයකි. මෑණියන්ගේ ප්‍රචලිත සාධනා අඩංගු මෙය ස්ලෝකයන් 700කින් සමන්විත වේ.

කාලිකා පුරාණය

සාග මාර්කණ්ඩේය විසින් රචිත උප පුරාණයකි. මෙය ඉන්දියාවේ ඇසෑම් ප්‍රාන්ථයේ නිර්මාණය කෙරු බවට විශ්වාසයක් පවති. දේවිය සහ සහ ශිව දෙවියන් වටා ගෙතුනු කතා පුවත් වලින් සමන්විත වන අතර, ත්‍රිමූර්තිය වනාහි එක් අයෙකු ලෙසින් මෙහි දක්වා ඇත. එමෙන්ම සියලු දෙවඟනන් එම මහා ශක්තියේම ස්ත්‍රී ස්වරූප ලෙසින් දක්වයි.

මහා භාගවත පුරාණය

ශක්ති ධහම අඩංගු වන වේද ව්‍යාස විසින් රචිත තවත් අප්‍රකට උප පුරාණය කි. මෙහි පෘකෘති දේවිය විසින් විශ්ව නිර්මාණය ඇතුළු සති සහ පාර්වති දේවියගේ විස්තර අඩංගු අතර ශක්ති ධහමට අනූකූලව රාමායණය කතා පුවතත්, අනෙකුත් පුරාණ ග්‍රන්ථයන් හී සඳහන් නොවන්නා වූ ඉතා විරල කතා පුවතක් වන කාලි දෙවඟන ගේ කෘෂ්ණ ස්වරූපයේ කතා පුවතත් අඩංගු වේ. එමෙන්ම මෙහි අවසාන පරිච්ඡේදයන් හී ශක්ති පීඨ යන්හි තොරතුරුද ගංගා දේවියගේ වැදගත්කමද අඩංගු වේ.

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

පාර්වතීගේ ස්වරූප
මහාවිද්‍යාවෝ

ශක්තී ධර්මය


Mannheim Steamroller is an American neoclassical new-age music ensemble founded and directed by percussionist/composer Chip Davis in 1974. The group is known primarily for its Fresh Aire series of albums, which blend classical music with elements of new age and rock, and for its modern recordings of Christmas music. The group has sold 28 million albums in the U.S. alone.

History

Beginnings
Mannheim Steamroller began as an alias for record producer and composer Chip Davis. The name "Mannheim Steamroller" comes from an 18th-century German musical technique, Mannheim roller (German: Mannheimer Walze), a crescendo passage having a rising melodic line over an ostinato bass line, popularized by the Mannheim school of composition.

Before the fame of Steamroller, Davis had been best known for collaborating with his friend Bill Fries on the songs of the country music character "C. W. McCall", of "Convoy" fame. The song was based on the character created by Fries and music composed by Davis for a series of Clio winning ads for Metz Baking Company for their Old Home Bread product. Davis was named Country Music Writer of the Year in 1976, a genre he is not fond of.

Even before the height of McCall's popularity, Davis produced an unusual album of classical music performed entirely by Davis and musical collaborator and keyboardist Jackson Berkey, using electric bass (played by Eric Hansen) and synthesizers.

Fresh Aire and American Gramaphone
Since no major label would handle the distribution of Fresh Aire, Davis founded his own music label, American Gramaphone (a play on the classical record label Deutsche Grammophon), to release the album, which was published in 1975 under the pseudonym Mannheim Steamroller. Fresh Aire II was subsequently released in 1977, and Fresh Aire III was released in 1979. The first four Fresh Aire albums constituted an exploration of the four seasons, with Fresh Aire being spring, Fresh Aire II being fall, Fresh Aire III being summer, and Fresh Aire IV being winter. All four of these albums maintained the blend of baroque classical music, light jazz, and rock and featured Jackson Berkey's virtuosic keyboard work. Davis and Berkey used whatever instrument seemed appropriate to the piece, using a toy piano on one piece and a full pipe organ on another, with copious interleaving of piano and harpsichord. In 1981 Davis released Fresh Aire Interludes, an album that compiled Berkey's ten piano interludes from the first four Fresh Aire albums.

Davis then moved into exploring some other themes, with Fresh Aire V subtitled "To the Moon", Fresh Aire VI exploring Greek mythology, Fresh Aire 7 based on the number 7, and Fresh Aire 8 based on the theme of infinity. A live tour of the early albums featured a prominent light show and multimedia components, along with spoken poetry by Almeda Berkey. While the music was slightly different from the album versions, it was played in lockstep at each show, as it had to coordinate the live musicians with recorded tracks of strings and other orchestral parts.

In 1986, Mannheim Steamroller released music composed for a PBS special called Saving the Wildlife, which featured one track from Fresh Aire VI and twelve new tracks. In 1987, Davis collaborated with guitarist/composer Mason Williams for the album Classical Gas. The music was composed entirely by Williams but produced and arranged by Davis. The album opens with a remake of Williams' 1968 instrumental "Classical Gas", which used the original arrangement.

Christmas music success
Steamroller found its greatest fame beginning in 1984 when Davis released his first holiday album, Mannheim Steamroller Christmas, featuring modern contemporary interpretations of Yuletide favorites. This was followed by A Fresh Aire Christmas (1988) and Christmas in the Aire (1995), which showcased creative approaches to old carols, as well as some new carol-like compositions. Steamroller had now become one of the most requested Christmas music artists of all time, in part by adopting a very radio-friendly approach. At the end of 1997, they released a live album of Christmas music, Mannheim Steamroller Christmas Live. Their fourth all-new Christmas album, Christmas Extraordinaire, was released in 2001. However, sales of Steamroller's third and fourth Christmas releases fell far short of the sales of Christmas and A Fresh Aire Christmas. Christmas Celebration, a compilation of favorite tracks from the previous studio albums (with one new song), was released in 2004. The studio album Christmas Song was released in late 2007 and features guest vocals by Johnny Mathis and Olivia Newton-John, but co-founder Jackson Berkey is absent from the lineup.  The CD Christmasville was released in 2008.  Their next release was a 25th anniversary Christmas box set consisting of previously released material, and in 2011 they released Mannheim Steamroller Christmas Symphony with members of the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra.

Other work
Musically, as the 1990s progressed, Davis moved into the mainstream of "progressive rock" music with a heavier reliance on synthesized instruments and less humor. Titles like "Small Wooden Bach'ses" from Fresh Aire III were not seen, nor mechanisms like the creative use of a cricket on the same album or the Gregorian chant on Fresh Aire II. Davis's music became closer to the "light jazz" style that gained prominence in the 1990s, especially with the Day Parts albums.

Steamroller developed a full-length theatrical motion picture based on their Christmas albums, but the plans for production fell through. Instead, the following year, they collaborated with Olivia Newton-John for yet another Christmas album called The Christmas Angel: A Family Story, a mostly spoken-word recording scored with previously released material. In 2003 they released a CD titled Halloween.

In addition to their Fresh Aire and Christmas collections, Steamroller has released: an album of Disney music (1999's Mannheim Steamroller Meets the Mouse); an album celebrating American heritage, (2003's American Spirit, which reunited Chip Davis with C.W. McCall and featured a remake of "Convoy"); and an album Yellowstone, mixing prior Davis compositions and a series of classical pieces by Ottorino Respighi and others.

Mannheim Steamroller's An American Christmas is a 12-hour nationally broadcast special radio program of music and narrated stories, heard on over 250 stations across the United States. The program is hosted by the group's founder Chip Davis and is produced and distributed each year by WestStar TalkRadio Network.

In 2008, Chip Davis underwent surgery, which prevented him from touring or performing with the band. Rather than ultimately force the tour to stop while he recovered, Davis opted to hire additional musicians to replace him temporarily. He also decided to create two different lineups of the band, nicknamed the "red" and "green" touring companies.

The group appeared in the 2011 and 2013 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, playing their version of "Deck the Halls."

A new album composed and performed in the design of the Fresh Aire series, Exotic Spaces, was set for release in March 2018. The album features songs that were inspired by famous – and exotic – sites, such as Egypt's pyramids and the Taj Mahal. Instrumentation comes from exotic and ethnic instruments mixed with the drums, harpsichord, and synthesizers. The album was officially released in September 2019, prior to the 2019 Christmas tour.

Discography

Fresh Aire series albums

Christmas albums

Chip Davis – Christmas albums

Halloween albums

Ambience series albums

Chip Davis – Day Parts series and solo albums

Other albums

1 Billboards Top New Age Albums chart became the New Age Albums chart in June 2009.
2 Billboards Top Holiday Albums chart became the Holiday Albums chart in June 2009.

See also
Hooked on Classics
List of ambient music artists
List of best-selling music artists
Trans-Siberian Orchestra

References

External links

American classical music groups
Musical groups from Omaha, Nebraska
Musical groups established in 1974

Mannheim Steamroller


An Thelymitra cyanea in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni John Lindley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni George Bentham. An Thelymitra cyanea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Thelymitra, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Thelymitra

Thelymitra cyanea


أحمد رمزي (23 مارس 1930 - 28 سبتمبر 2012 )، ممثل مصري اشتهر بأدوار الشاب الوسيم الشقي خفيف الظل في العديد من الأفلام الناجحة والبارزة في تاريخ السينما المصرية.

عن حياته
ولد أحمد رمزي في محافظة الإسكندرية، وكان والده طبيبًا مصريًا هو الدكتور محمود بيومي ووالدته اسكتلندية هي هيلين مكاي. درس في مدرسة الأورمان ثم كلية فيكتوريا وبعدها التحق بكلية الطب ليصبح مثل والده وأخيه الأكبر، ولكنه رسب ثلاث سنوات متتالية فانتقل إلى كلية التجارة حيث أكمل دراسته بها إلى أن تخرج فيها وحصل على درجة البكالوريوس، ولقد توفي والده سنة 1939 بعد أن خسر ثروته في البورصة وعملت والدته كمشرفة على طالبات كلية الطب لتربي ولديها بمرتبها حتى أصبح ابنها الأكبر حسن طبيب عظام على نهج والده. ثم اشتهر أحمد رمزي بعد أن اكتشفت موهبته في السينما والرياضة.

بدايته
تعتبر حكاية دخول أحمد رمزي مجال التمثيل في السينما من الحكايات الغريبة التي لا تخلو من الطرافة، حيث أن الفتى رمزي منذ نعومة أظافره وهو يحلم بسحر السينما خاصة عندما وصل إلى مرحلة الشباب وشعر بذاته جديرًا بهذا الشرف.

ولقد كانت علاقة الصداقة التي تربطه بـعمر الشريف الذي كان يهوى السينما هو الآخر من العوامل التي رسخت الفكرة في ذهنه، وكان هناك لقاء دائم بين رمزي وعمر وشخص آخر في جروبي وسط البلد وفي أحد هذه اللقاءات التقى هذا الثلاثي بالمخرج يوسف شاهين الذي يسأل عمر ورمزي أسئلة عديدة وظل رمزي يحلم بفكرة السينما وتوقع أن يسند له شاهين دورًا، ولكنه فوجئ في أحد الأيام بصاحبه عمر الشريف يخبره أن "شاهين اختاره ليكون بطل فيلمه الجديد" صراع في الوادي " وكان ذلك عام 1954، وصدم رمزي لكنه لم يحزن لأن الدور ذهب لصديقه عمر، فظل الحلم يراوده وعندما أسند يوسف شاهين البطولة الثانية في نفس العام لـعمر الشريف في فيلم شيطان الصحراء ذهب معهم رمزي وعمل كواحد من عمال  حتى يكون قريبًا من معشوقته السينما.

وفي ليلة عندما كان جالسًا في صالة البلياردو كعادته لمحه المخرج حلمي حليم ولاحظ سلوكه وتعبيراته فعرض عليه العمل معه في السينما وسعد جدًا بذلك، وكانت أول بطولة له في فيلم أيامنا الحلوة عام 1955 والطريف أن البطولة كانت مع صديقه عمر الشريف والوجه الجديد وقتها عبد الحليم حافظ لينطلق أحمد رمزي بعدها في سماء الفن.

ولقد قدم أعمالًا هامة عبر فيها عن مشاعر ومشكلات شباب وجيل العشرينات أصحاب الجسد الممشوق والقوام السليم حيث كان من هواة الرياضة، وتوالت أدوار وأعمال رمزي التي بلغ عددها 100 فيلم في مدة 20 عامًا هي عمره السينمائي الذي أنهاه أول مرة في منتصف عقد السبعينات بعد انتهائه من تصوير فيلم «الأبطال» مع فريد شوقي.

اعتزاله
في منتصف عقد السبعينات كان قرار رمزي بالاعتزال لسبب أنه شعر أن الأوان لم يعد له، مع بروز نجوم شباب مثل نور الشريف ومحمود ياسين ومحمود عبد العزيز، فآثر الابتعاد حتى تظل صورته جميلة في عيون جمهوره الذي اعتاد عليه بصورة معينة، فكان الاعتزال الذي استمر عدة سنوات أعقبها عودته بعد أن نجحت فاتن حمامة بالعودة للتمثيل من خلال سباعية «حكاية وراء كل باب» التي أخرجها المخرج سعيد مرزوق. بعدها كان قرار أحمد رمزي بالغياب مرة أخرى، بعد انشغاله في مشروع تجاري ضخم اعتمد فيه على بناء السفن وبيعها وهو المشروع الذي استمر يعمل فيه طيلة عقد الثمانينات وحتى بداية عقد التسعينات حين اندلعت حرب الخليج الثانية وتأثرت تجارة رمزي إلى الحد الذي بات فيه مديوناً للمصارف بمبالغ ضخمة تم بمقتضاها الحجز على كل ما يملك. وفي منتصف عقد التسعينات كان قرار رمزي بالعودة إلى عالم التمثيل مرة أخرى من خلال عدة أعمال بدأها بفيلم «قط الصحراء» مع يوسف منصور ونيللي، وفيلم «الوردة الحمراء» مع يسرا، ومسلسل «وجه القمر» مع فاتن حمامة

وعندما ظهر في فيلم الوردة الحمراء مع يسرا وإخراج إيناس الدغيدي عام 2001 كان هو الشاب الشقي رغم زحف تجاعيد السنين على ملامحه والصلع على شعره إلا أنه كما ظهر في فيلم أيامنا الحلوة ظهر في الوردة الحمراء فاتحًا قميصه مستعرضا قوامه.

وفاته
توفي عن عمر يناهر 82 سنة، على أثر جلطة دماغية شديدة الحدة فور سقوطه الحاد على الأرضية نتيجة اختلال توازنه في حمام منزله بالساحل الشمالي أثناء توجهه للوضوء لصلاة العصر في يوم الجمعة 28 سبتمبر 2012. وقد شيعت جنازته بشكلٍ بسيطٍ في أحد مساجد الساحل الشمالي ودفن هناك بشكلٍ في غاية البساطة والهدوء بناءً على وصيته.

من أعماله

 هاربات من الماضي: (1989)
 وجه القمر 2000
 ( حنان و حنين ) (2007)
 برنامج الأستاذ والتلميذ GodFather مع أحمد السقا.

روابط خارجية

المراجع

دارسون في كلية فيكتوريا
مصريون من أصل إسكتلندي
ممثلو أفلام مصريون
ممثلو تلفزيون مصريون
مواليد 1348 هـ
مواليد 1930
مواليد في الإسكندرية
وفيات 1433 هـ
وفيات 2012
وفيات بسبب مرض دماغي وعائي

أحمد رمزي


Río Sierra Leona es un río - estuario en el Océano Atlántico al oeste del país africano de Sierra Leona. Está formada por Port Loko Creek y el río Rokel y tiene entre 4 y 10 millas de ancho (16,6 km) y 25 millas (40 kilómetros) de largo. Contiene los puertos principales llamados reina Isabel II Quay y pepel. El estuario es también importante para la navegación. Es el puerto natural más grande en el continente africano. Varias islas, incluida la isla de Tasso (la mayor), la isla de Tombo, y la isla de Bunce con importancia histórica, se encuentran en el estuario.
El río separa a Freetown, capital de la Sierra Leona, que está en el lado sur del puerto, del aeropuerto principal del país, el aeropuerto internacional de Lungi.

Véase también
 Geografía de Sierra Leona
 Geografía de África

Referencias

Ríos de Sierra Leona

Río Sierra Leona


Joseph Siffert (Fribourg, Švicarska, 7. srpnja 1936. – Kent, Engleska, 24. listopada 1971.) je bivši švicarski vozač automobilističkih utrka.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Švicarski vozači Formule 1

Jo Siffert


Agrilus caminosus é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Obenberger, 1933.

Referências

caminosus

Agrilus caminosus


Une liste de courses est une liste d'articles devant être achetés à l'avenir, servant notamment de pense-bête ou d'aide à l'achat.

Le concept existe depuis au moins deux millénaires avant notre ère en Mésopotamie. Il existe des exemples survivants de listes de courses romaines et bibliques.

La liste de courses en elle-même peut être simplement un morceau de papier ou quelque chose de plus élaboré. Il existe des blocs avec des aimants pour garder une liste incrémentale disponible à la maison, généralement sur le réfrigérateur, mais n'importe quel clip magnétique avec des bouts de papier peut être utilisé pour obtenir le même résultat. Certains chariots de supermarché sont montés avec un petit porte-bloc pour y insérer des listes de courses.

Psychologie
L'utilisation de listes de courses peut être corrélée aux types de personnalité. Il existe « des différences démographiques entre les acheteurs ayant une liste et ceux qui ne le sont pas ; les premiers sont plus susceptibles d'être des femmes, tandis que les seconds sont plus susceptibles d'être sans enfant ». Se souvenir d'une liste de courses est aussi une expérience standard en psychologie.

Faire ses courses avec une liste est une directive comportementale couramment utilisée afin d'aider à la perte de poids, notamment conçue pour réduire les achats alimentaires et donc la consommation alimentaire. Toutefois les études sont partagées sur l'efficacité de cette technique.

Certaines études montrent qu'entre 40 % et 70 % environ des acheteurs utilisent des listes de courses, seuls 80 % des articles de la liste de courses sont en général achetés et ces articles ne représenteraient que 40 % du total des articles achetés.

L'utilisation de listes de courses a clairement un impact sur le comportement d'achat en réduisant généralement de façon considérable la dépense moyenne.

Listes incrémentales
La liste peut être compilée immédiatement avant le trajet au magasin ou progressivement au fur et à mesure que les besoins surviennent tout au long d'une semaine, par exemple. Ces listes incrémentales n'ont généralement pas de structure et de nouveaux éléments sont ajoutés au bas de la liste en fonction de l'ordre d'apparition des besoins.

Si la liste est réalisée juste avant utilisation, elle peut être organisée en fonction de la disposition des rayons dans le magasin (par exemple, les aliments surgelés sont regroupés sur la liste) pour minimiser le temps passé dans le magasin. Les listes préimprimées peuvent être organisées de la même manière.

Listes électroniques
Les ordinateurs personnels permettent aux consommateurs d'imprimer leur propre liste personnalisée afin que les articles soient simplement cochés au lieu d'être écrits ou qu'ils puissent gérer la liste complètement sur l'ordinateur avec un logiciel de liste de courses personnalisé. Des assistants personnels éliminent complètement le besoin d'une liste papier et peuvent être utilisés pour faciliter les achats comparatifs.

Il existe des logiciels en ligne pour gérer les listes de courses à partir du téléphone portable ainsi que d'Internet. Des sites de commerce électronique fournissent généralement une liste de courses en ligne pour les acheteurs réguliers du site.

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Check-list
 Comparateur de prix
 Oniomanie

Liens externes

Commerce
Comportement du consommateur

Liste de courses


Son tus ojos dos estrellas (oficialmente El Camarón de la Isla con la colaboración especial de Paco de Lucía) es el tercer álbum del cantaor español Camarón de la Isla. Fue grabado y publicado en 1971. Cuenta con Paco de Lucía a la guitarra y Antonio Sánchez, padre de Paco, como compositor junto a su hijo.

Lista de canciones
Todas las canciones fueron compuestas por Paco de Lucía y Antonio Sánchez.

 Son tus ojos dos estrellas (Bulerías) 3:30
 La mujer con ser mujer (Malagueñas) 2:00
 Por mala lengua que tienes (Soleá de Alcalá) 4:11
 Sin motivos ni razón (Fandangos) 2:43
 En la provincia de Cádiz (Petenera) 3:01
 De una mina de La Unión (Minera) 2:32
 El espejo en que te miras (Soleá) 3:05
 Me la tienes controlá (Fandangos) 2:37
 Al padre santo de Roma (Tangos)3:18
 Estoy cumpliendo condena (Polo) 4:26
 Se murió mi madre (Seguiriyas) 3:10
 Me voy por la calle abajo (Bulerías) 2:31

Personal
 Camarón de la Isla - Voz
 Paco de Lucía - Guitarra

Nota
El nombre oficial del álbum es El Camarón de la Isla con la colaboración especial de Paco de Lucía, pero es llamado Son tus ojos dos estrellas debido a que entre los aficionados se dio la costumbre de llamarlo por el nombre de la primera canción, fenómeno que se había dado también con el primer disco y con el segundo.

Álbumes de Camarón de la Isla
Álbumes de 1971

Son tus ojos dos estrellas


ගුද පරිඛාවක් හෝ  ගුදීය පාටිතයක් හෝ යනු,  ගුද ආලියෙහි චර්මයෙහි බිඳුමක් හෝ ඉරුමක් හෝ වෙයි. වැසිකිලි කඩදාසි සහ යට ඇඳුම් තුල හෝ සමහරවිට වැසිකිලියෙහි තද රතු ගුදීමය ලේ ගැලීම් වෙතින් ගුද පරිඛාවන් පිළිබඳ දැනගත හැකි වෙයි.  දරුණු තත්ත්වයෙහි පවතියි නම් මල පහ කිරීමෙන් පසුව ඒවා  විසින්  වේදනාව ඇති කල හැකි මුත්  නිදන්ගත පාටිතයන් විසින් බොහෝ විය අඩු වේදනා තීව්‍රතාවයක් ඇති කරයි.

ගුද පරිඛාව


Kocaayak veya Yeti, bazılarının Himalayalar'da yaşadığına inandığı, primat-benzeri, büyük bir yaratıktır. Her ne kadar varlığına inananlar mevcut olsa da bilim adamlarının çoğu, yetinin var olduğu ihtimalinin eldeki verilere göre çok zayıf olduğunu ve bu nedenle onun efsanevi bir yaratık olduğu fikrindedir. Batı'da ona verilen isim, yeti, Tibetçe yeh-teh (transliterasyonu:gYa' dred) lafından gelmektedir ki bunun anlamı "dağ hayvanı" olup ayrıca Meh-Teh (insana benzer hayvan), Miçe (ayı adam), Dzu-teh (sığır ayı), Migoi (yaban adamı), Mirka (vahşi adam) Kang Admi (kar adamı) adlarıyla da bilinmektedir.

Ormanda yaşayan yarı insan yarı hayvan yaratıklara halk masallarında çok sık rastlanmaktadır Yüzyıllar boyunca bu yaratıkların kadim zamanlarda yaşadıkları düşünülmüştür. Bazıları da bu yaratıkların tamamen hayal ürünü olduğunu iddia etmişlerdir.

Kocaayak adı bu dev yaratıkların bıraktıkları ayak izleri nedeniyle takılmıştır. Çoğunlukla izler beş parmaklıdır. Fakat 2,3,4 ve 6 parmaklı izler de görülmüştür. İnsan ayağına benzemektedir fakat insan ayağından çok büyüktür.Yüzlerce tanığın verdiği ifadelerden boylarının 1,80 ile 2,50 metre olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bulunan büyük ayak izlerinde, ayak altı geniş yağ dokusu ve kemikleri maymunlarınki ile örtüşmektedir. Bazı izlerde ise sakat veya kırılmış olan ayak izleri, ortopedik olarak incelendiğinde çoğu doktorun bile bu izlerde yapamayacağı detaylar bulunmuştur.

Kanıtlar
 1917 yılında Kolombiya Venezuela sınırında İsviçreli jeolog François de Loys tarafından vurulan, tüm vücudu kıllarla kaplı yaratığın daha sonra yapılan incelemelerde bir tür örümcek maymun olduğu anlaşıldı
 1951 yılında Himalaya tırmanışında kullanılan Menlung Üssü yakınlarında bulunan ayak izlerinin fotoğrafının Yeti'nin varlığını kanıtlayan en önemli kanıt fotoğraf olduğu söylenmektedir.
 1967 yılında Roger Patterson adındaki avcı Kuzey Kaliforniya Bluff Creek bölgesinin ormanlarında 15 mm'lik kamerasıyla 9 metre uzunluğunda titrek bir film çekmiştir. Video ile yapılan araştırmalar, yürüyen canlının boyu 2.40 cm olduğu ve kafatası incelendiğinde böyle bir kafa kostümünün giyilemez olduğu ispatlanmıştır. Çünkü çekilen videodaki cismin kafasının üst kısımı basıktır ve normal bir insan böyle bir başlığı giydiğinde göz kısmı insanınkiyle uyuşamamaktadır. Ayrıca yürüyen canlının dizleri de incelendiğinde aynı boyda olabilecek bir insanın diz kapaklarının yüksekliğinin videodakinden yaklaşık 20 cm daha yukarıda olduğu da görülmektedir.1967 yılındaki kostümler sert üst üste dikilmiş kumaştan yapılırdı, videoda rüzgarda uçuşan tüyler de gözükmektedir. Filmin sahte olduğu kanıtlanamamıştır.

Kocaayaklarla ilgili olasılıklar
 İnsan hayvan karışımı yaratıkların bir kısmı yalan olabilir, eğlenmek veya turistik amaçlarla çıkarılmış söylentilerdir
 İnsanların zor ve aldatıcı koşullar altında normal hayvanları tanımayarak yanlış izlenimlere kapılmaları
 Gözlem yapan insanların hayal görmeleri
 Yaratıkların dev bir maymun türüne ait olmaları veya tarih öncesinde yaşadığı düşünülen insan maymun arası (Gigantopithecus(en)) canlıların günümüze kadar gelmiş torunları.
 Geçmişte yeryüzüne gelmiş olabilecek Uzaylıların torunları olabilir.
 Pleistosen çağında yaşadıktan sonra yok olmuş (MÖ 100.000–35.000) Neanderthal insanların Homo sapiens'in hafızasına kazınmış folklorik mirası olabilirler.

Çeşitli toplumlarda Kocaayak
 Kanada'da yaşayan yerlilerin taktığı isim Sasquach (kocaayak) Kayıtlara geçen ilk olay 1830 yılında yaşanmştır.
 Asya'nın ulaşılması zor dağları Himalayalarda yerli halkın taktığı isim Yeti
 Sovyetler Birliği Doğu Sibirya'da Yakutlar bölgesinde Sovyet makamlarının verdiği isim Çuçuna (Rusça'da kimsesiz) Kayıtlara geçen ilk olay 1920 yılında yaşanmıştır.
 Japonya Hiroşima yakınındaki Hiba Dağı'nda yaşayan Japon köylülerinin taktığı isim Hibagon (Japoncada Hiba Yaratığı) kayıtlara geçen ilk olay 1970 yılında yaşanmıştır.
 Çin'de de bu yaratıklara Yeti denmektedir. Kayıtlara geçen ilk olay 1977 yılında yaşanmıştır.
 Avustralya yerlileri bu yaratıklara Yowi adını vermişlerdir. Kayıtlara geçen ilk Yowi olayı 1894 yılında yaşanmıştır.
 Eskimolar Tornil adını verdikleri çiğ et yiyen dev yaratıkların atalarıyla beraber yaşadıklarını anlatırlar.
 Kızılderililer tamamen kıllı boyları iki metreden uzun insan maymun arası yaratıklara Wetigo demektedirler. Wetigoları insanları kaçırıp yiyen dev canavarlar diye anlatırlar.

Ayrıca bakınız

 Karakoncolos
 Germakoçi
 Oçi Koçi

Kaynakça

Efsanevi yaratıklar
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde kültür

Kocaayak


Pardofelis je rod mačje porodice Felidae. Ovaj je rod definiran tako da uključuje jednu vrstu podrijetlom iz jugoistočne Azije: mramornu mačku. Dvije druge vrste, ranije svrstane u ovaj rod, sada pripadaju rodu Catopuma. Riječ pardofelis sastoji se od latinskih riječi pardus pard.

Karakteristike
Pardofelis su male mačke s dugim repom, kratkodlake sa zaobljenim ušima, koje se razlikuju od Prionailurusa i srodnih orijentalnih rodova, a lubanja im je viša i zaobljenija, s mesopterygoid fossa lanceolatom sprijeda i ojačanim rubom ili bolje razvijenim vanjskim grebenom.

Lubanja je kratka, široka, snažno konveksna u dorzalnom profilu, nije razmjerno dugačka i niska. Nosna grana premaksile je tanka, nije proširena, vrh njuške nije stisnut gore, maksila se ne širi tamo gdje je naslonjena na nosnu kost i ne razvija ekscesu izvan suborbitalnog foramena.

Izvori

Mačke

Pardofelis


(en ukrainien : ), né le  à Smila et mort le  dans les environs de Boutcha, est un joueur de rugby à XV et homme politique ukrainien.

Biographie
Oleksi Tsibko est né le  à Smila.

Il pratique le rugby à XV à haut niveau en tant que joueur. En club, il est sacré à sept reprises champion d'Ukraine, et a entre-temps joué à Leipzig en Allemagne. Tsibko porte le maillot de l'équipe nationale d'Ukraine à 40 reprises, qu'il a dirigé en tant que capitane. Après sa retraite sportive, il occupe le poste de président de la Fédération ukrainienne de rugby à XV de 2003 à 2005.

De  à , il est maire de sa ville natale.

Tsibko, ayant pris les armes après l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie, meurt à l'âge de  le  dans les environs de Boutcha, dans la bataille pour le contrôle de la ville. Il est enterré le  au cimetière Baïkov de Kiev.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Joueur ukrainien de rugby à XV
Dirigeant ukrainien de rugby à XV
Maire en Ukraine
Naissance en mars 1967
Naissance à Smila
Naissance en RSS d'Ukraine
Date de naissance incertaine (XXe siècle)
Décès dans l'oblast de Kiev
Décès en mars 2022
Décès à 55 ans
Mort lors de l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie en 2022
Personnalité inhumée au cimetière Baïkov
Militaire ukrainien mort lors de la guerre russo-ukrainienne

Oleksi Tsibko


Iacob Flucuș (n. 1883, comuna Sohodol, județul Brașov – d. secolul al XX-lea) a fost sergent al Gărzii naționale române din Bran.

Flucuș a participat în calitate de reprezentant al țărănimii din cele zece comune brănene la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, în cadrul căreia a și votat.

Note

Mircea Vaida-Voevod, Gelu Neamțu, 1 decembrie 1918. Mărturii ale participanților: Ioachim Crăciun: documente la un sfert de veac de la Marea Unire, vol. II, Editura Academiei Române, 2008, pp. 117–118

Vezi și
Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Lista delegaților de la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Unirea Transilvaniei cu România

Nașteri în 1883
Decese în secolul al XX-lea
Decese cu dată necunoscută
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Militari români
Transilvăneni

Iacob Flucuș


Facility management or facilities management (FM) is a professional management discipline focused on the efficient and effective delivery of logistics and other support services related to real property and buildings. It encompasses multiple disciplines to ensure functionality, comfort, safety and efficiency of the built environment by integrating people, place, process and technology, as defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The profession is certified through Global Facility Management Association (Global FM) member organizations.

History
The term, "facilities management" was coined in the 1960s by IBM alumnus and Electronic Data Systems founder Ross Perot, in reference to network management of IT systems, and soon expanded to include all elements of commercial space management.

Facility management as integral to the processes of strategic organizational planning was represented during a 1979 conference sponsored by Herman Miller. Following the meeting, the furniture manufacturer opened the Facility Management Institute (FMI), with its headquarters in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

The National Facility Management Association (NFMA) was formed in 1980, separating the overall profession from a single enterprise. In 1982, the NFMA expanded to form the International Facility Management Association (IFMA)

In 1986, the first professional FM organization was launched in the UK, as the Association of Facility Managers (AFM).

Definitions and scope
Professional FM as an interdisciplinary business function has the objective of coordinating demand and supply of facilities and services within public and private organizations. The term "facility" (pl. facilities) means something that is built, installed or established to serve a purpose, International Facility Management Association (IFMA), 1998 which, in general, is every "tangible asset that supports an organization". Examples include: real estate property, buildings, technical infrastructure, HVAC, lighting, transportation, IT-services, furniture, custodial, grounds maintenance and other user-specific equipment and appliances.

In April 2017, the International Organization for Standardization published the ISO 41011:2017 standard for facility management, defining it as the "organizational function which integrates people, place and process within the built environment with the purpose of improving the quality of life of people and the productivity of the core business." The ISO definition was formally adopted by BIFM in August 2017.

A management system standard for facilities management has also been developed by ISO and published as ISO 41001:2018.

Scope
Facilities management is divided into two areas:
 space and infrastructure, such as planning, design, workplace, construction, lease, occupancy, maintenance, and furniture
 people and organisation, such as catering, cleaning, ICT, HR, accounting, marketing, and hospitality.

Its two broad areas of operation are commonly referred to as "hard FM" and "soft FM". The first refers to the physical built environment with a focus on work space and building infrastructure. The second covers the people and the organization and is related to work psychology and occupational physiology.

According to the IFMA: "FM is the practice of coordinating the physical workplace with the people and work of the organization. It integrates the principles of business administration, architecture, and the behavioral and engineering sciences." In a 2017 global job task analysis, IFMA identified eleven competencies of facility management as:
 leadership and strategy
 operations and maintenance
 finance and business
 environmental stewardship and sustainability
 project management
 Human factors and ergonomics
 real estate and property management
 facility and technology management
 risk management
 communication
 quality and performance

The Institute of Workplace and Facilities Management, formerly the British Institute of Facilities Management, adopted the European definition and through its accredited qualification framework offers career path curriculum ranging from school leaver level through to master's degree level that is aligned with the European Qualifications framework.

FM may also cover activities other than business services: these are referred to as non-core functions and vary from one business sector to another. FM is also subject to continuous innovation and development, under pressure to reduce costs and to add value to the core business of public or private sector client organizations.

Accredited academics
Facility management is supported with education, training, and professional qualifications often coordinated by FM institutes, universities, and associations. Degree programs exist at both undergraduate and post-graduate levels. Facility Management has been a recognised academic discipline since the 1990s. Initial FM research work in Europe started in universities in the UK, the Netherlands and the Nordic countries, where academies funded research centers and began to establish courses at Bachelors, Masters, and PhD levels.

Early European FM research centers include the Centre for Facilities Management (CFM), founded in Glasgow in 1990; the Centre for People and Buildings at Delft University of Technology; and Metamorphose at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The University of Moratuwa Faculty of Architecture in Sri Lanka has offered a BSc. degree in Facilities Management since 2006.

In 2018, 50 universities and research institutions were represented in EUROFM. The German Facility Management Association (GEFMA) has certified 16 FM study programs and courses at universities and universities of applied sciences in Germany.

As of 2021, the IFMA accredits university degree programs the United States, Sri Lanka, South Korea, Singapore, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, and the Netherlands.

Role of the facilities manager
Facilities managers (FMs) operate across business functions. The main priority of an FM is keeping people alive and safe. Facility managers need to operate at two levels:
 Strategically and tactically: helping clients, customers and end-users understand the potential impact of their decisions on the provision of space, services, cost, and business risk.
 Operationally: ensuring a corporate and cost-effective environment for the occupants to function.

EHS: environment, health and safety
The FM department in an organization is required to identify, analyze, evaluate, control, and manage many environment and safety-related issues. Failure to do so may lead to unhealthy conditions leading to employees falling sick, injury, loss of business, prosecution, and insurance claims. The confidence of customers and investors in the business may also be affected by adverse publicity from safety lapses.

Fire safety
The threat from fire carries one of the highest risks to loss of life, and the potential to damage property or shut down a business. The facilities management department will have in place maintenance, inspection, and testing for all of the facility's fire safety equipment and systems, keeping records and certificates of compliance.

Security
Protection of employees and the business often comes under the control of the facilities management department, particularly the maintenance of security hardware. Manned guarding may be under the control of a separate department.

Maintenance, testing and inspections
Maintenance, testing, and inspection schedules are required to ensure that the facility is operating safely and efficiently in compliance with statutory obligations, to maximize the life of equipment, and to reduce the risk of failure. The work is planned, often using a computer-aided facility management (CAFM) system. Building maintenance includes all preventative, remedial, and upgrades works required for the upkeep and improvement of buildings and their components. These works may include disciplines such as painting and decorating, carpentry, plumbing, glazing, plastering, and tiling.

Buildings may be designed with a view to minimizing their maintenance requirement.

Cleaning
Cleaning operations are often undertaken out of business hours, but provision may be made during times of occupations for the cleaning of toilets, replenishing consumables (such as toilet rolls, soap) plus litter picking and reactive response is scheduled as a series of periodic (daily, weekly and monthly) tasks.

Operational
The facilities management department has responsibilities for the day-to-day running of the building; these tasks may be outsourced or carried out by directly employed staff. This is a policy issue, but due to the immediacy of the response required in many of the activities involved the facilities manager will often require daily reports or an escalation procedure.

Some issues require more than just periodic maintenance, for example, those that can stop or hamper the productivity of the business or that have safety implications. Many of these are managed by the facilities management "help desk" that staff is able to be contacted either by telephone or email. The response to help desk calls is prioritized but may be as simple as too hot or too cold, lights not working, photocopier jammed, coffee spills, or vending machine problems.

Help desks may be used to book meeting rooms, car parking spaces, and many other services, but this often depends on how the facilities department is organized. Facilities may be split into two sections, often referred to as "soft" services such as reception and post room, and "hard" services, such as the mechanical, fire, and electrical services. Due to climate change, FM providers are increasingly focused on environmental, social and governance compliance considerations.

Business continuity planning
All organizations should have a continuity plan so that in the event of a fire or major failure the business can recover quickly. In large organizations, it may be that the staff move to another site that has been set up to model the existing operation. The facilities management department would be one of the key players should it be necessary to move the business to a recovery site.

Space allocation and changes
In many organizations, office layouts are subject to frequent changes. This process is referred to as churn, and the percentage of the staff moved during a year is known as the "churn rate". These moves are normally planned by the facilities management department using a computer-aided design (CAD) system. In addition to meeting the needs of the business, compliance with statutory requirements related to office layouts include:
 The minimum amount of space to be provided per staff member
 fire safety arrangements
 lighting levels
 signage
 ventilation
 temperature control
 welfare arrangements such as toilets and drinking water
Consideration may also be given to vending, catering, or a place where staff can make a drink and take a break from their desk.

World Facilities Management Day
Since 2009, Global FM has sponsored an annual World Facilities Management Day, "World FM Day". The theme for the 2022 World FM Day (22 May 2022) was "leading a sustainable future"; the purpose of the day is " to recognise and celebrate the vital work that workplace and facilities managers and the wider industry contributes to business worldwide".

See also

 1:5:200
 Activity relationship chart
 Activity-based working
 AM/FM/GIS
 Building information modeling
 Building management
 Computerized maintenance management system
 Facility information model
 U.S. GSA Public Buildings Service
 Global Facility Management Association (Global FM)
 Hard infrastructure
 Industrial architecture
 Institute of Workplace and Facilities Management
 Janitor
 Physical plant
 Property management

References

Further reading

Property management
Management science
Logistics

Facility management


The Toamasina Province is a former province of Madagascar with an area of 71,911 km². It had a population of 2,855,600 (2004). Its capital was Toamasina, the most important seaport of the country. The province was also known as Tamatave Province.

Except for Toliara, Toamasina Province bordered all of the country's other provinces; Antsiranana in the north, Mahajanga  in the northwest, Antananarivo in the southwest and Fianarantsoa in the south. Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy and Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy languages were widely spoken.

Despite the production of exportable crops the people inhabiting the rural regions of the province were mostly poor. In terms of rural poverty the province was only better than the Toliara province. In urban areas the condition was comparatively better and the percentage of people living below the poverty line was the least in the whole of Madagascar. The country's largest harbour–Toamasina Harbour was located in the province. Vanilla farming was also an important activity.

In 2002 a state of emergency was declared by the then president Didier Ratsiraka after his rival Marc Ravalomanana announced that he had won the majority in the presidential elections held in December 2001. Major politicians of the provinces favouring Ratsiraka as the president met in Toamasina where they announced the creation of a new republic that would have excluded the landlocked Antananarivo Province. Toamasina favoured Ratsiraka as the president. Political tension prompted ethnic clashes and in the coastal provinces the Merina people were subject to attacks. Murders of people belonging to the Merina community were also reported. Peace was restored only when Ravalomanana was installed the country's president and Ratsiraka left the country.

Lake Rasoabe and Ranomainty were located in the province. The coastal areas of the province were covered with dense rain forests and the province had a rich variety of flora and fauna. Lemurs were also found.

Abolition
The provinces were abolished following the results of Malagasy constitutional referendum, 2007 which led to the formation of 22 smaller areas (faritra or regions) to facilitate regional development.

Administrative divisions

Toliara Province was divided into three regions of Madagascar - Alaotra-Mangoro, Analanjirofo and Atsinanana. These three regions became the first-level administrative divisions when the provinces were abolished in 2009. They are sub-divided into 18 districts:

 Alaotra-Mangoro region
 1. Ambatondrazaka District (Ambatondrazaka)
 2. Amparafaravola District (Amparafaravola)
 3. Andilamena District (Andilamena)
 4. Anosibe An'ala District (Anosibe An'ala)
 11. Moramanga District (Moramanga)
 Analanjirofo region
 6. Fenerive Est District (Fenerive Est, Fenoarivo Atsinanana)
 8. Mananara Nord District (Mananara Nord, Mananara Avaratra)
 9. Maroantsetra District (Maroantsetra)
 12. Nosy-Boraha District (Nosy-Boraha, Île Sainte-Marie)
 13. Soanierana Ivongo District (Soanierana Ivongo)
 17. Vavatenina District (Vavatenina)
 Atsinanana region
 5. Antanambao Manampotsy District (Antanambao Manampotsy)
 7. Mahanoro District (Mahanoro)
 10. Marolambo District (Marolambo)
 14. Toamasina II District (Toamasina II)
 15. Toamasina District (Toamasina)
 16. Vatomandry District (Vatomandry)
 18. Vohibinany District (Vohibinany, Ampasimanolotra, Brickaville)

See also
 Île aux Nattes

References

Provinces of Madagascar

Toamasina Province


ජොහෝර්–සිංගප්පූරු දිය මං කඩ () යනු,   මලයාසියාවේ ජොහෝර් බාරු නගරය සහ  සිංගප්පූරුවේ වුඩ්ලන්ඩ්ස් සුළු නගරය සම්බන්ධ කරමින් ජොහෝර් සමුද්‍ර සන්ධිය හරහා දිවෙන මීටර-1,056  දිගැති දිය මං කඩකි.

ජොහෝර්-සිංගප්පූරු දිය මං කඩ


Wisconsin Dells may refer to:

 Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin
 The Dells of the Wisconsin River

See also
 Dell (disambiguation)
 Wisconsin (disambiguation)

Wisconsin Dells


The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean and can be further divided into regions by depth. The word pelagic is derived . The pelagic zone can be thought of as an imaginary cylinder or water column between the surface of the sea and the bottom. Conditions in the water column change with depth: pressure increases; temperature and light decrease; salinity, oxygen, micronutrients (such as iron, magnesium and calcium) all change. Somewhat analogous to stratification in the Earth's atmosphere, but depending on how deep the water is, the water column can be divided vertically into up to five different layers (illustrated in the diagram).

Marine life is affected by bathymetry (underwater topography) such as the seafloor, shoreline, or a submarine seamount, as well as by proximity to the boundary between the ocean and the atmosphere at the ocean surface, which brings light for photosynthesis, predation from above, and wind stirring up waves and setting currents in motion. The pelagic zone refers to the open, free waters away from the shore, where marine life can swim freely in any direction unhindered by topographical constraints.

The oceanic zone is the deep open ocean beyond the continental shelf, which contrasts with the inshore waters near the coast, such as in estuaries or on the continental shelf. Waters in the oceanic zone plunge to the depths of the abyssopelagic and further to the hadopelagic. Coastal waters are generally the relatively shallow epipelagic. Altogether, the pelagic zone occupies 1,330 million km3 (320 million mi3) with a mean depth of  and maximum depth of . Pelagic life decreases as depth increases.

The pelagic zone contrasts with the benthic and demersal zones at the bottom of the sea. The benthic zone is the ecological region at the very bottom, including the sediment surface and some subsurface layers. Marine organisms such as clams and crabs living in this zone are called benthos. Just above the benthic zone is the demersal zone. Demersal fish can be divided into benthic fish, which are denser than water and rest on the bottom, and benthopelagic fish, which swim just above the bottom. Demersal fish are also known as bottom feeders and groundfish.

Depth and layers
The pelagic zone is subdivided into five vertical regions. From the top down, these are:

Epipelagic (sunlight)

The illuminated zone at the surface of the sea with sufficient light for photosynthesis. Nearly all primary production in the ocean occurs here, and marine life is concentrated in this zone, including plankton, floating seaweed, jellyfish, tuna, many sharks and dolphins.

Mesopelagic (twilight)

The most abundant organisms thriving into the mesopelagic zone are heterotrophic bacteria. Animals living in this zone include swordfish, squid, wolffish and some species of cuttlefish. Many organisms living here are bioluminescent. Some mesopelagic creatures rise to the epipelagic zone at night to feed.

Bathypelagic (midnight)

The name stems . The ocean is pitch black at this depth apart from occasional bioluminescent organisms, such as anglerfish. No plants live here. Most animals survive on detritus known as "marine snow" falling from the zones above or, like the marine hatchetfish, by preying on other inhabitants of this zone. Other examples of this zone's inhabitants are giant squid, smaller squid and the grimpoteuthis or "dumbo octopus". The giant squid is hunted here by deep-diving sperm whales.

Abyssopelagic (abyssal zone)

The name is derived  - a holdover from times when the deep ocean was believed to indeed be bottomless. Among the very few creatures living in the cold temperatures, high pressures and complete darkness here are several species of squid; echinoderms including the basket star, swimming cucumber, and the sea pig; and marine arthropods including the sea spider. Many species at these depths are transparent and eyeless.

Hadopelagic (hadal zone)

The name is derived from the realm of Hades, the Greek underworld. This is the deepest part of the ocean at more than  or , depending on authority. Such depths are generally located in trenches.

Pelagic ecosystem
The pelagic ecosystem is based on phytoplankton. Phytoplankton manufacture their own food using a process of photosynthesis. Because they need sunlight, they inhabit the upper, sunlit epipelagic zone, which includes the coastal or neritic zone. Biodiversity diminishes markedly in the deeper zones below the epipelagic zone as dissolved oxygen diminishes, water pressure increases, temperatures become colder, food sources become scarce, and light diminishes and finally disappears.

Pelagic invertebrates
Some examples of pelagic invertebrates include krill, copepods, jellyfish, decapod larvae, hyperiid amphipods, rotifers and cladocerans.

Thorson's rule states that benthic marine invertebrates at low latitudes tend to produce large numbers of eggs developing to widely dispersing pelagic larvae, whereas at high latitudes such organisms tend to produce fewer and larger lecithotrophic (yolk-feeding) eggs and larger offspring.

Pelagic fish

Pelagic fish live in the water column of coastal, ocean, and lake waters, but not on or near the bottom of the sea or the lake. They can be contrasted with demersal fish, which do live on or near the bottom, and coral reef fish.

Pelagic fish are often migratory forage fish, which feed on plankton, and the larger predatory fish that follow and feed on the forage fish. Examples of migratory forage fish are herring, anchovies, capelin, and menhaden. Examples of larger pelagic fish which prey on the forage fish are billfish, tuna, and oceanic sharks.

Pelagic reptiles

Hydrophis platurus, the yellow-bellied sea snake, is the only one of the 65 species of marine snakes to spend its entire life in the pelagic zone. It bears live young at sea and is helpless on land. The species sometimes forms aggregations of thousands along slicks in surface waters. The yellow-bellied sea snake is the world's most widely distributed snake species.

Many species of sea turtles spend the first years of their lives in the pelagic zone, moving closer to shore as they reach maturity.

Pelagic birds

Pelagic birds, also called oceanic birds or seabirds, live on open seas and oceans rather than inland or around more restricted waters such as rivers and lakes. Pelagic birds feed on planktonic crustaceans, squid and forage fish. Examples are the Atlantic puffin, macaroni penguins, sooty terns, shearwaters, and Procellariiformes such as the albatross, Procellariidae and petrels.

References

Further reading
 Ryan, Paddy "Deep-sea creatures" Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 21 September 2007
 "Pelagic-zone (oceanography)" Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 21 March 2009.
 Grantham HS, Game ET, Lombard AT, et al. (2011) "Accommodating Dynamic Oceanographic Processes and Pelagic Biodiversity in Marine Conservation Planning" PLOS One 6(2): e16552. .

Aquatic biomes
Fisheries science
Oceanographical terminology
Oceanography

Pelagic zone


Tatsuo Iwakami (岩上達郎) (Mito, 21 de agosto de 1979) mais conhecido como Tatsurō (逹瑯), é um vocalista e compositor japonês, conhecido por ser vocalista da banda de rock MUCC desde 1997. Estreou como artista solo em 2 de fevereiro de 2022 com o lançamento dos álbuns =equal e Hikagaku Houteishiki. Ele também é apresentador do programa Jack in the Radio da Tokyo FM.

O vocalista do Kizu, LiME, contou que admira Tatsurō desde jovem em uma colaboração que fizeram.

Carreira

Quando Tatsurō entrou no ensino médio, começou a se familiarizar com a música e participar de festivais musicais escolares. Se tornou vocalista por sentir que cantava bem nos karaokês e sua maior influência é Buck-Tick.

Formou a banda Mucc em 1997. Ele é o principal letrista do grupo e também participa da composição. No começo da carreira, ele usava o nome Tatoo. Alterou para seu nome real em meados de 2000. Ele criou uma banda cover do Buck-Tick em meados de 2001, chamada Bluck-Tick.

Em dezembro de 2021, Tatsurō anunciou que começaria uma carreira solo lançando simultaneamente os álbuns  =equal e Hikagaku Houteishiki, motivado por várias situações como a pandemia de COVID-19 e a saída de Satochi do Mucc. O primeiro álbum contém faixas escritas por Tatsurō contando com algumas colaborações especiais como Gara do Merry e o segundo possui músicas escritas por vários artistas da cena J-rock, como Shuuji Ishii do cali≠gari, Akira Nakayama do Plastic Tree, Yuuya do SID, entre outros. Em 2 de fevereiro de 2022 os álbuns foram lançados e alcançaram a posição 34° e 33° na Oricon Albums Chart, respectivamente. A turnê de promoção aos álbuns começou em 15 de fevereiro e sua banda de apoio contou com Umi do vistlip, Sora do Dezert, Nao do Arlequin, Masa do Nocturnal Bloodlust e o violinista Hiromi Gotoh.  Em abril, fez seus primeiros shows acústicos.

No segundo semestre do ano, anunciou o single "End Roll" lançado em 21 de setembro, incluindo um remix da canção "Rhapsodia" da banda virtual de visual kei Fantôme Iris. No dia seguinte embarcou em turnê nacional junto com os músicos Shō Kiryūin, AKi e Luz. Em 15 de março de 2023 Tatsurō lançou o single "Zankoku" produzido por Kosuke Oshima.

Vida pessoal
Tatsurō nasceu em 21 de agosto de 1979 na capital de Ibaraki, Mito.  Seus pais são donos de um salão de beleza e seu irmão é esteticista.

Discografia
Álbuns de estúdio

Singles

Com Mucc

Músicos de Visual kei
Naturais de Ibaraki
Cantores do Japão
Compositores do Japão

Tatsurō


Douglas Newton "Doug" Everett (* 3. April 1905 in Cambridge, Massachusetts; † 14. September 1996 in Concord, New Hampshire) war ein US-amerikanischer Eishockeyspieler.

Karriere
Doug Everett begann seine Karriere als Eishockeyspieler am Dartmouth College, an dem er 1926 seinen Abschluss machte. Im Amateur-Eishockey spielte er für den Boston University Club sowie den Concord Hockey Club. Im Anschluss an seine Eishockeykarriere war er als Banker tätig. Im Jahr 1974 wurde er in die United States Hockey Hall of Fame aufgenommen. Ihm zu Ehren erhielt das lokale Eisstadion in Concord den Namen Douglas N. Everett Ice Skating Arena.

International
Für die USA nahm Everett an den Olympischen Winterspielen 1932 in Lake Placid teil, bei denen er mit seiner Mannschaft die Silbermedaille gewann. Er selbst erzielte in fünf Spielen vier Tore.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 1932 Silbermedaille bei den Olympischen Winterspielen
 1974 Aufnahme in die United States Hockey Hall of Fame

Weblinks
 Profil bei USA Hockey (englisch)

Eishockeynationalspieler (Vereinigte Staaten)
Eishockeyspieler (Dartmouth Big Green)
Olympiateilnehmer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1932
Mitglied der United States Hockey Hall of Fame
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1905
Gestorben 1996
Mann

Doug Everett


Die Nachrichtentruppe war eine Truppengattung des Heeres der Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS, die zur Einrichtung und zum Betrieb der Nachrichtenverbindungen als Fernsprech- und Funkverbindungen aufgestellt wurde. Speziell für das Abhören von gegnerischem Fernmeldeverkehr dienten Horchkompanien, in denen Fremdsprachen-kundige Soldaten Dienst taten.

Sie gehörte gemäß Verfügung des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht vom 14. Oktober 1942 zu den fechtenden Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und der Waffen-SS bis 1945.

Die 1935 der Nachrichtentruppe zugeteilte Waffenfarbe der Wehrmacht und der Waffen-SS war Zitronengelb. Die Waffenfarbe der Luftnachrichtentruppe der Luftwaffe hingegen war Braun.

Vorgeschichte: Erster Weltkrieg und Reichswehr

Vorläufer der deutschen Nachrichtentruppe war die 1899 gebildete Telegrafentruppe. Telegrafenbataillone, Festungs- und Armee-Fernsprechabteilungen wurden im Ersten Weltkrieg 1917 zur Nachrichtentruppe zusammengefasst. Zur Nachrichtenübermittlung wurden neben Funk- und Fernsprechverbindungen sowie den neu entwickelten Fernschreibern auch Brieftauben und Heliographen verwendet. Während des Ersten Weltkrieges erfuhr insbesondere die Funktelegrafie zunehmende Bedeutung. So erfolgte 1915 der erste Einsatz von Tastfunkgeräten durch die Fliegertruppe zur Artilleriebeobachtung. 1916 operierten erstmals an vorderster Linie mit mobilen Funkgeräten ausgerüstete Funktrupps.

In der Reichswehr war ab 1921 jeder Division eine Nachrichtenabteilung mit zwei Kompanien unterstellt. Neben Funk- und Fernsprechverbindungen wurden zunächst auch Brieftauben weiterhin zur Nachrichtenübermittlung verwendet. Ab 1930 wurden zur Verschlüsselung geheimer Nachrichten höherer Stäbe sowie von einzelnen Schiffseinheiten Enigma-Chiffriermaschinen eingesetzt.

Nachrichtentruppe der Wehrmacht

Aufstellung

Im Zuge der Aufrüstung der Wehrmacht erfolgten die ersten streng geheimen Aufrüstungsmaßnahmen bereits im Frühjahr 1933 mit der Aufstellung neuer Abteilungen bzw. zweiter Funkkompanien bei bestehenden Abteilungen, der Erhöhung der Anzahl der zum 1. April 1933 eingestellten Offizieranwärter auf das Achtfache und deren zahlenmäßigen Verstärkung des Offiziers- und Unteroffizierskorps durch ehemalige Nachrichtensoldaten und deren lehrgangsmäßigen Vorbereitung. Ab 1934 wurden so aus den bisherigen Nachrichtenabteilungen Kader für zahlreiche neue Verbände aufgebaut, wobei die Divisionen der Wehrmacht jeweils eine Nachrichtenabteilung erhielten.

Die Nachrichtentruppe fächerte währenddessen stetig ihr Fähigkeitsspektrum weiter aus; sie verfügte nun über leichte, mittlere und schwere Fernsprechtrupps, Fernsprechanschluss- und -betriebstrupps, Telegraphenbautrupps, leichte und schwere Funktrupps, Kleinfunktrupps, Funksprech- und Funk-Horchtrupps, Patrouillenfunktrupps, Schlüssel- und Auswertetrupps und Sammlerladetrupps.

Die Ausbildung der Nachrichtentruppe erfolgte ab 1935 an der Heeres- und Luftwaffennachrichtenschule, ab 1936 Heeresnachrichtenschule in Halle im heutigen Stadtteil Heide-Süd. Als zentrale Kommunikationszentren wurden bei Zossen (Bunker "Zeppelin") und auf dem Truppenübungsplatz Ohrdruf zwei Bunkeranlagen errichtet.

Fachlich wurde die Nachrichtentruppe durch den Inspekteur der Nachrichtentruppen im Oberkommando des Heeres geführt, die einzelnen Verbände und Einheiten unterstanden den jeweiligen Befehlshabern und Kommandeuren des Feldheeres.

Wesentlich am Aufbau der Truppe beteiligt waren der General der Nachrichtentruppe Erich Fellgiebel und der General der Nachrichtentruppe Albert Praun.

Gliederung und Stärke
Bei Beginn des Krieges verfügte die Nachrichtentruppe über
 104 Divisions-Nachrichten-Abteilungen mit Stab, Fernsprech-Kompanie, Funk-Kompanie und leichter Nachschub-Kolonne
 23 Korps-Nachrichten-Abteilungen mit Fernsprech-Kompanie, Funk-Kompanie, zwei Fernsprech-Funk-Kompanien und leichter Nachschub-Kolonne
 10 Nachrichten-Regimenter und
 12 Feld-Nachrichtenkommandanturen der Armeen und Heeresgruppen mit Stab, einer I. Abteilung (Betrieb) mit einer Fernsprech- und einer Funk-Kompanie sowie einer II. und III. Abteilung (Bau) jeweils mit einer Betriebs- und drei Bau-Kompanien
 45 selbständige Feldfernkabelbau-, Fernsprechbetriebs- und Fernsprechbaukompanien;
 14 Nachrichten-Ersatzabteilungen
 7 Horch-Kompanien zur Funkaufklärung, meist je Heeresgruppe eine Kompanie

Hinzu kamen auf Einheitsebene die Nachrichtenstaffeln der fechtenden Truppe wie z.B. in der Artillerie- oder der Nebeltruppe. Diese gehörten nicht zur Nachrichtentruppe, sondern waren in die Verbände und Einheiten integriert und unterstanden dem Kommando der jeweiligen Kompanien, Batterien und Schwadronen.

Je Heeresgruppenabschnitt war je eine Funkhorch-Kompanie im Einsatz. Bei Vernichtung dieser Einheit bestand keine Möglichkeit zur weiteren Fernmeldeaufklärung der Feindkräfte – so bei der Heeresgruppe Afrika.

Die Propagandatruppe war bis 1942 ebenfalls Teil der Nachrichtentruppe, wurde dann jedoch zu einer eigenständigen Truppengattung.

Im Zuge der Bildung weiterer Großverbände kam es im Verlauf des Krieges zu zahlreichen Neu- und Ersatzaufstellungen sowie zur Aufstellung selbständiger Nachrichtenkompanien oder Spezialeinheiten, darunter Blankdraht-Baukompanien, Dezimeter-Richtverbindungskompanien, Trägerfrequenz-Kompanien, Durchgangsvermittlungs-Betriebskompanien und Fernsprech-Instandhaltungskompanien.

Einsatz im Zweiten Weltkrieg

Der Inspekteur und General der Nachrichtentruppe Erich Fellgiebel, 1944 hingerichtet aufgrund seiner Beteiligung am Attentat vom 20. Juli 1944 gegen Adolf Hitler, wurde mit der Äußerung zitiert: "Die Nachrichtentruppe hat es schwer. Sie stinkt nicht, sie knallt nicht, dass es sie überhaupt gibt, merken die meisten Leute erst, wenn sie nicht mehr funktioniert."

Die Funker trugen am linken Ärmel der Uniform einen Blitz.

Für die weiträumigen Operationen der Wehrmacht wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit der Reichspost ein  weitverzweigtes Kabelgrundnetz von der Ostsee bis nach Nordafrika erstellt. Fellgiebel stellte drei spezialisierte Führungs-Nachrichtenregimenter auf, die mit Hilfe der Trägerfrequenztechnik die Verbindungen über größte Entfernungen sicherten. Dieses aus Drehkreuz- und Felddauerlinien, später auch aus unbespulten Fernkabeln bestehende Verbindungsnetz war vor allem in der zweiten Kriegshälfte durch Sabotage, durch Partisanen und die Rückzugsbewegungen bedroht. Generalstabschef Franz Halder, der im Gegensatz zu seinem Amtsvorgänger beim Kriegsausbruch 1914 die strategische Bedeutung militärischer Nachrichtenverbindungen richtig eingeschätzt hatte, hatte den sowohl als "As der Nachrichtentruppe" verehrten wie auch abschätzig als "Strippenpapst" titulierten Fellgiebel im Frühjahr 1939 ins Amt berufen und ihn dann soweit in die Operationsplanung einbezogen, dass der Inspekteur der Nachrichtentruppe auf seinem Gebiet Organisation, Technik und Einsatz vorbereiten konnte. Fellgiebel konnte mit seiner Truppe im Verlauf des Krieges ein engmaschiges, über deutsches und okkupiertes Gebiet überlagernd gespanntes Kommunikationsnetz aufbauen, das alle Störungen auffangen und kompensieren konnte; wurden Kabel kriegsbedingt zerstört, so ließen sich sofort Ersatz-Verbindungen schalten.

Bis Anfang 1945 blieb das umfangreiche Nachrichtennetz der Wehrmacht funktionsfähig. So fielen nach dem Abschneiden der Heeresgruppe Nord im Kurland-Kessel zwar alle Fernmeldeleitungen zwischen Riga und dem Führerhauptquartier in Rastenburg aus, aber die Heeresgruppe Nord behielt dennoch einen Draht zum 300 Kilometer Luftlinie entfernten Führerhauptquartier. Fernschreiben und Ferngespräche gelangten nun per Land- und Seekabel über die rund 4500 Kilometer lange Strecke Rastenburg – Berlin – Hamburg – Dänemark – Oslo – Narvik – Petsamo – Rovaniemi – Helsinki – Reval – Riga in das Hauptquartier der Heeresgruppe. Albert Praun, General der Nachrichtentruppe, meinte dazu: "Die Sprachverständigung […] war zwar dünn, aber ausreichend; die Fernschreibverbindung sicher. Das war eine der Glanzleistungen der deutschen Nachrichtentruppe."

Unentdeckt blieb jedoch die entscheidende Schwachstelle des deutschen Nachrichtenwesens: Es gelang der britischen Funkaufklärung ab 1940 mit einer Geheimoperation unter dem Decknamen Ultra mit steigendem Erfolg, die deutschen Funksprüche durch das Knacken der Enigma-Verschlüsselung zu dechiffrieren und "mitzulesen". Da Abhörergebnisse von der Ostfront nicht mit der Roten Armee geteilt wurden, verschafften sich die West-Alliierten damit einen kriegsentscheidenden Vorteil.

Dem Zusammenbruch im Frühjahr 1945, bei dem sich deutsche Heeresverbände bereits in verschiedene, voneinander isolierte Gruppierungen auflösten, konnte von den übriggebliebenen Führungs-Nachrichtenregimentern noch notdürftig durch ergänzende Leitungsbauten und spezielle Schaltungen begegnet werden. Am 20. April 1945 musste schließlich der zentrale unterirdische Nachrichtenbunker "Zeppelin" in Zossen angesichts anrollender sowjetischer Panzer abgeschaltet und fluchtartig geräumt werden.

Bilder aus dem Einsatzgeschehen

Tradition
Nachdem bereits seit 1918 Kameradschaften der Nachrichtentruppen bestanden, wurde 1961 in Bonn auf Anregung des ehemaligen Generals der Nachrichtentruppe Albert Praun der Fernmeldering e.V. gegründet. Dieser versteht sich seitdem als "Zusammenschluss von Angehörigen der ehemaligen Telegrafen- und Nachrichtentruppe, aktiven und ehemaligen Angehörigen der Fernmeldetruppe der Bundeswehr sowie aller, die sich dem Fernmeldewesen und dem Führungsdienst verbunden fühlen."

Nachkriegsentwicklung
Sowohl die Waffenfarbe Zitronengelb als auch die Bezeichnung Nachrichtentruppe wurden in der NVA der DDR bis 1990 beibehalten.

Die deutsche Bundeswehr änderte hingegen die Bezeichnung in Fernmeldetruppe, da die Bezeichnung Nachrichtentruppe mehr auf die Beschaffung und Auswertung von nachrichtendienstlichen Erkenntnissen und militärische Aufklärung hinwies und der Begriff einen Gleichklang mit dem militärischen Nachrichtenwesen hatte. Die Waffenfarbe Zitronengelb wurde jedoch unverändert beibehalten.

Literatur
 Hans-Georg Kampe: Die Heeres-Nachrichtentruppe der Wehrmacht 1935–1945. Ed. Dörfler im Nebel-Verlag, Eggolsheim 2003, ISBN 3-89555-098-1.
 Albert Praun und Hella Praun: Albert Praun – Ein deutsches (Soldaten-) Leben 1894–1975. Kastner, Wolnzach 2004, ISBN 3-937082-22-0.

Weblinks
 Hans-Georg Kampe Einsatz und Ende der Heeres-Nachrichtentruppe der Wehrmacht, aufgerufen am 20. Mai 2012
 Entwicklungsgeschichte militärischer Drahtnachrichtentechnik bei Reichswehr, Wehrmacht und Bundeswehr 1896–1965, aufgerufen am 21. Mai 2012
 Museum für historische Wehrtechnik, aufgerufen am 21. Mai 2012

Einzelnachweise

Wehrmacht
Waffen-SS
Truppengattung (historisch)
Militärische Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie

Nachrichtentruppe von Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS


Viktor Rausch (født 19. oktober 1904 i Köln, død 1. april 1985) var en cykelrytter fra Tyskland. Han kørte primært banecykling, hvor han blev national mester.

Rausch kørte 42 seksdagesløb, og vandt en del, heriblandt den anden udgave af Københavns seksdagesløb sammen med makker Willy Falck Hansen i 1934.

Eksterne henvisninger

 Viktor Rauschs profil  på cyclingstars.dk

Mandlige cykelryttere fra Tyskland
Vindere af Københavns seksdagesløb
Personer fra Köln

Viktor Rausch


Fischern heißen folgende geographischen Objekte:
 Fischern (Schirnding), Ortsteil des Marktes Schirnding, Landkreis Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge, Bayern
 Fischern (Gemeinde Aigen), Ortschaft der Gemeinde Aigen im Ennstal, Bezirk Liezen, Steiermark
 Rybáře (Karlsbad), Stadtteil von  Karlsbad, Tschechien
 Rybáře (Libá), Wüstung in der Gemeinde Libá, Okres Cheb
 Stěžerov, Ortsteil von Hořice na Šumavě, Okres Český Krumlov

Fischern ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Karl von Fischern (1796–1875), deutscher Jurist und Politiker

Fischern


Judgment conocido en América Latina y en España como El Juicio. Es el primer episodio de la segunda temporada de la serie de televisión estadounidense Ángel. Escrito por David Greenwalt en colaboración con Joss Whedon y dirigido por Michael Lange. El episodio se estrenó originalmente el 26 de septiembre del año 2000. En este episodio Ángel y su equipo deben encontrar la manera de ayudar a una mujer embarazada cuyo bebe parece ser muy importante en la venida de la historia, mientras tratan de descifrar que fue lo que Wolfram&Hart trajeron a la tierra.

Argumento
El equipo de Investigaciones Ángel continúan su lucha contra las fuerzas de la oscuridad que se esconden en Los Ángeles, en esta ocasión deteniendo los rituales clandestinos efectuados por un demonio en un gimnasio. Mientras Lilah visita a Lindsey en su oficina donde se encuentra Darla, quien afirma sentir a Ángel y que sus recuerdos están regresando.

En el departamento de Cordelia (usado como cuarteles temporales de IA) el equipo está tratando de resolver que fue lo que W&H invocaron a la tierra, hasta que Cordelia tiene una visión de un demonio Prio Motu. Por sugerencia de Wesley el equipo visitan Caritas un bar-karaoke de demonios dirigido por el anfitrión-un demonio anagógico que puede leer los corazones y el futuro de los que cantan en el karaoke. En el lugar el equipo se encuentran con Merl, un demonio informante de Ángel que sabe donde encontrar a Prio Motu. Antes de irse, el anfitrión se muestra interesado en que Ángel le cante, pero el vampiro rehúsa alegando que no es cosa suya.

Ángel consigue interceptar al demonio Prio Motu y lo mata para salvar a una mujer embarazada llamada Jo quien al parecer estaba siendo atacada por el demonio. La mujer se enfurece con Ángel informándole tristemente que el demonio era su protector y que iba ayudarla a enfrentarse al tribunal. Arrepentido Ángel se ofrece a ocupar el lugar del demonio pero Jo se aleja de él.

Angel se enfrenta a Merl pidiéndole explicaciones y el demonio le informa que hay un enorme precio por la muerte de la bebe de Jo, la cual según va a convertirse en un ser poderoso y benevolente. Un arrepentido Ángel decide hacerse cargo de la misión del fallecido Prio Motu aun sin el consentimiento de Jo y recurre a la ayuda de Gunn para interceptar el refugio del Prio Motu, donde encuentran un extraño símbolo que le mandan a Wesley para que lo analice.

Ángel espera a que Jo llegue al refugio para ayudarla y consigue rescatarla de varios demonios que quieren asesinarla. Jo le comenta a Ángel que lo único que quiere es proteger a su hija y finge ir al departamento de Cordelia para poder escapar del vampiro. Cuando Ángel se reúne con sus amigos se lleva la sorpresa de no encontrar a Jo, Wesley le comenta que el tribunal consiste en una lucha a muerte. Para obtener más información Ángel canta en el Bar-Karaoke frente al alfitiron la canción de Mandy. El alfitrion le informa que Jo se enfrentara al tribunal donde se encuentra y le comenta que no puede saber si podrá ser capaz de salvarla o no.

En otra parte de la ciudad, el tribunal aparece ante Jo e invocan a su campeón para realizar el juicio en donde la mujer al no tener su campeón, ni el escudo que comparezcan por su vida es condenada a muerte hasta que aparece Ángel con el escudo y se enfrenta en una feroz batalla en la que el vampiro sale victorioso. El tribunal accede a otorgarle protección a la niña hasta que cumpla la mayoría de edad.

Ángel regresa al departamento de Cordelia para cambiar su estrategia para registrar sus misiones, algo en lo que sus amigos y empleados están de acuerdo. Esa misma noche Ángel va a visitar a Faith en la prisión donde hablan de la redención.

Elenco
 David Boreanaz como Ángel.
 Charisma Carpenter como Cordelia Chase.
 Alexis Denisof como Wesley Wyndam Pryce.
 J. Agust Richards como Charles Gunn.

Producción
Este es el primer episodio en Angel que demuestra que los demonios son capaces de hacer el bien. Angel experimenta culpa después de matar al demonio protector de Jo porque mató a "un ser inocente" y "un soldado como [el]mismo", y porque nunca se le ocurrió que un demonio podía hacer esas cosas.

El actor J. August Richards se integra al elenco principal. Además el nombre de Eliza Dushku se acreditó hasta el final del episodio para ocultar la presencia de su personaje.

Continuidad
 Aparece Lorne (en este episodio solo se le conoce como el Alfitrion) un demonio que se convierte en otro aliado de Ángel.
 Angel demuestra tener un interés en las canciones de Barry Manilow.
 El equipo de IA, usan el departamento de Cordy como cuarteles porque las oficinas anteriores volaron en mil pedazos.
 Gunn le menciona a Wesley que ya lo conocía porque lo cuidó a él y a Cordy cuando fueron atacados por Vocah.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Episodios de la segunda temporada de Angel

Judgment (Angel)


2000 සිංගර් තුන්කොන් තරඟාවලිය යනු 2000 ජූලි 5 සිට 14 දක්වා ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පැවති එදිජා ක්‍රිකට් තරඟාවලියකි. එයට දකුණු අප්‍රිකාව, පාකිස්තානය සහ සත්කාරක ශ්‍රී ලංකාව යන ජාතික ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායම් ඇතුළත් විය. අවසන් මහා තරගයේදී දකුණු අප්‍රිකාව පරාජය කළ ශ්‍රී ලංකාව එම තරගයේ ජය හිමිකර ගත්තේය.

සංචිත

ප්‍රසාද ලකුණු වගුව
තරඟාවලිය සංවිධානය කර තිබුණේ රවුන්ඩ් රොබින් ක්‍රමයට වන අතර, සෑම කණ්ඩායමක්ම එකිනෙකාට දෙවතාවක් ක්‍රීඩා කරන ලදී.

තරග

අවසාන තරගය

බාහිර සබැඳි

 ESPN Cricinfo හි තරඟාවලි නිවස

ක්‍රිකට්
ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ ක්‍රිකට්

සිංගර් කුසලානය 2000


Le comte Simon V de Lippe (né en 1471 et mort à Detmold, le ) est seigneur de Lippe en 1511, puis, à partir de 1528, comte de Lippe. Sous son règne, la réforme protestante est introduite dans le comté de Lippe.

Biographie
Simon V de Lippe, baptisé le , est le fils aîné de Bernard VII (1428-1511) et d'Anna de Holstein-Schaumburg (morte en 1495). Il hérite de la seigneurie de Lippe après la mort de son père, en 1511. En 1528, il est élevé au rang de comte impérial et la Lippe devient l'un des quelque .

Depuis 1518, la Réforme prévalait, d'abord à Lemgo, puis dans d'autres villes de Lippe. Un conflit ouvert éclate en 1530, lorsque des hymnes protestants sont chantés lors d'une messe catholique de Pâques. Simon, resté catholique toute sa vie, s'indigne, et parle de . Il est cependant vassal de deux suzerains : Éric II de Brunswick-Grubenhagen, évêque de Paderborn et le landgrave Philippe Ier de Hesse, luthérien depuis 1524. Cette position limite sa liberté d'action. Les villes de Lippe, en particulier Lippstadt et Lemgo, ont également favorisé une relation plus étroite avec la foi luthérienne. Philippe de Hesse a exhorté les citoyens de Lemgo à régler leur différend avec Simon V ; néanmoins, le luthéranisme continue à se répandre dans les villes.

Lorsqu'en 1533, Simon cherche un soutien pour une action militaire contre Lemgo, Philippe de Hesse intervient et sert de médiateur. Plus tard, la même année, Lemgo adopte l'ordre de l'Église et devient dès lors officiellement luthérienne.

En 1535, Simon V et le duc Jean III de Clèves envahissent Lippstadt, devenue protestante. La ville se rend à son suzerain. Les citoyens de Lemgo craignaient que Simon V et Jean III envahissent également Lemgo, cependant, en raison de la médiation en cours de Philippe de Hesse, cette invasion n'a pas eu lieu.

Sous son règne, Simon V fait de Detmold sa résidence permanente en développant les fortifications grâce à un large fossé, des murailles et des tours bastionnées pour mieux protéger son château et sa ville.

Mariages et descendance
Simon V épouse en premières noces, le  la comtesse Walpurgis de Bronckhorst (morte le ), fille de Gisbert de Bronckhorst et d'Élisabeth d'Egmond. De cette première union, naît un fils :

 Gisbert de Lippe (mort en 1513), célibataire inhumé à Detmold.

Simon V épouse en secondes noces, à Detmold, le , Madeleine de Mansfeld - Mittelort (née vers 1500 et morte le ), fille de Gebhard VII de Mansfeld et de Marguerite de Gleichen, avec laquelle il a six autres enfants :

 Marguerite de Lippe (née en 1525 et morte à Herford le ), abbesse de Herford en 1565 où elle est inhumée ;
 Madeleine de Lippe (née vers 1526 et morte le ), abbesse de Herford en 1586 ;
 Bernard VIII, (né le  et mort le ) comte de Lippe ;
 Anna de Lippe (née vers 1529, morte à Arolsen, le ), épouse à Detmold, le , le comte Jean Ier de Waldeck - Landau (1521-1567) ;
 Herman Simon, comte de Spiegelberg et Pyrmont (né en 1532 et mort le ), épouse à Pyrmont, le , Ursule de Pyrmont et Spiegelberg (morte à Pyrmont le ), dont deux fils célibataires : Simon (né en 1559, mort jeune) et Philipp (1560-1583) ;
 Agnès de Lippe (née en 1535 et morte le ), mariée en premières noces, le  à Dietrich von Plesse (1499-1571), puis épouse en secondes noces le  Abundus Schlick, comte von Passaun und Weisskirchen (mort en ).

Succession
Après la mort de Simon V de Lippe, le , son fils aîné Bernard VIII lui succède en qualité de « comte de Lippe ».

Ascendance
Ascendance de Simon V de Lippe :

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes
 Portail Internet Histoire westphalienne : Comté / Principauté de Lippe (-Detmold) / État libre de Lippe
 .

Personnalité allemande du XVIe siècle
Personnalité allemande du XVe siècle
Naissance en 1471
Décès en septembre 1536
Décès à Detmold
Décès à 65 ans
Maison de Lippe

Simon V de Lippe


Mavi Sakal, zalim bir soylu ve meraklı karısını konu alan bir Avrupa masalı.

Yazılı olarak ilk defa Fransız yazar Charles Perrault'un 1697'de yayımladığı Kaz Ana'nın Öyküleri adlı kitapta yer almıştır. Dayanağının 15. yüzyılda yaşamış Fransız şövalyesi Gilles de Rais ve yaptığı zulümler olduğu söylenir.

Masal, 19. yüzyılda Grimm Kardeşler tarafından yeniden yazılmış ve bu versiyonda öldürülmek istenen üç kızkardeş olarak yer almıştır.

Mavi Sakal'ın yasaklı odası, Binbir Gece Masalları'nda Şehrazat'ın "Hamal ve Bağdatlı Üç Hanım" masalının içinde geçen ve onaltıncı gece anlatılmaya başlanan "Üçüncü Çelebi'nin Hikayesi"'nde; sevgililerinin ailelerini ziyarete giderlerken sarayda bıraktıkları Çelebi'ye girmemesi için büyük tembihlerde bulundukları ve girdiği takdirde onları ayıracağını söyledikleri kırkıncı oda ile büyük benzerlik gösterir.

Konu
Mavi Sakal, birçok insanın kendisinden çirkin ve korkunç mavi sakalı yüzünden korktuğu zengin bir soyludur. Yedi kere evlenmiştir; ancak kimse evlendiği kadınlara ne olduğunu bilmemektedir ve bu yüzden, bölgede yaşayan bütün kızlar ondan kaçarlar. Bir gün komşularından birini ziyaret eder ve üç kızından biriyle evlenmek istediğini bildirir. Kız kardeşler evlenmesi için birbirlerini öne sürerler ve sonunda Mavi Sakal ile evlenmek en küçük kardeşin üzerine kalır. Evlilik töreninden sonra kız kardeşleri ona en kısa zamanda kendisini ziyaret edeceklerini söyleyerek onu Mavi Sakal'la birlikte şatoya uğurlarlar.

Bir süre sonra Mavi Sakal bir yolculuğa çıkacağını bildirir. Karısına şatodaki bütün kapıların anahtarlarını vererek yola çıkar. Bu anahtarlar arasında karısını girmemesi konusunda kesinlikle uyardığı küçük bir odanın anahtarı da vardır. Ancak, küçük kız kendisini ziyarete gelen kız kardeşlerinin de kışkırtmasıyla odaya girer. Odada gördükleri onu dehşete düşürür. Yerler kanla kaplıdır ve duvarlarda Mavi Sakal'ın önceki eşlerinin cesetleri asılıdır. Üstelik küçük anahtara da yerdeki kan bulaşmıştır. Anahtarın üzerindeki kan lekesi ne kadar uğraşsa da çıkmaz.

Şatoya dönen Mavi Sakal daha eşini görür görmez durumu anlar ve onu hemen öldürmeyi düşünür. Kız kardeşleri ise hemen eve dönerler ve hiç kimseye olanlardan bahsetmezler. Mavi Sakal tam kızı öldüreceği sırada kız kardeşleri gelir ve Mavi Sakal'ı arkasından vurarak öldürür.

Uyarlamalar

Offenbach'ın 1866'da bestelediği "Mavi Sakal" operattası, Fransız besteci Paul Dukas'ın "Arienne ve Mavi Sakal" (1907) adlı üç perdelik operası Bela Bartok'un eşine adadığı "Mavi Sakal'ın Kalesi" (1911) adlı opera bu masaldan uyarlanmıştır.

Charlie Chaplin'in senaryosunu Orson Welles'ten satın alarak epeyce değiştirdiği 1947 yapımı Mösyö Verdoux filmi, modern bir Mavi Sakal uyarlamasıdır. Masal, 1951'de Christian-Jaque, 1972'de Edward Dmytryk tarafından Mavi Sakal adıyla, 1963'te Claude Chabrol tarafından Landru adıyla filme uyarlanmıştır. Catherine Breillat'in yönettiği 2009 yapımı Mavi Sakal filminde, Mavi Sakal'ı okuyan iki küçük kız kardeşin öyküsü ile masal iç içe anlatılır.

Kurt Vonnegut'un Mavi Sakal (1987) romanı, masal çerçeve alarak başlar ve masaldaki gibi kilitli kapının ardındaki sırrın ortaya çıkmasını işler

Kaynakça

Masallar
Fransa'da folklor
1697 hikâyeleri
Gerçek kişilere dayanan eserler

Mavi Sakal (masal)


Zikafeber er en zoonose, der skylder Zikavirus (en virus i familien Flavivirus) overført til mennesker af Aedes-myg. Hos mennesker forårsager Zikavirus normalt kun en mild sygdom, og som siden 1950'erne tidvis er forekommet inden for et smalt bælte langs ækvator fra Afrika til Asien. I 2014 spredte virusen sig over Stillehavet til Fransk Polynesien og videre til Påskeøen, og i løbet af 2015 nåede den også til Sydamerika, Centralamerika og Caribien. Udbruddet klassificeredes som en pandemi.

Sygdommen opleves som en mild form af denguefeber, og kan netop nu ikke behandles eller forebygges med lægemidler eller vaccine. Sygdommen er beslægtet med gul feber og vestnil-feber (engelsk: West Nile-fever), som også forårsages af insekttransporteret flavivirus.

I januar 2016 offentliggjordes rapporter om eventuelle forbindelser mellem zikavirusinfektion og alvorlige komplikationer, som kan ramme fostre. Virusen menes at kunne forårsage mikrocefali hos fostre, som via mødre, er blevet smittet under graviditeten, men forbindelsen og den eventuelle risiko er ikke helt klarlagt, og undersøgelser var fortsat i gang i midten af januar 2016. Den 15. januar 2016 udsendte USA's folkesundhedsmyndighed CDC anbefalinger til rejsende vedrørende de berørte lande i Sydamerika, som indebar, at gravide kvinder burde overveje at udskyde rejsen. Hen mod slutningen af januar 2016 blev meddelt om de første tilfælde af inficerede individer i Europa, som havde besøgt Latinamerika.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

Virussygdomme
Flaviviridae
Zoonoser

Zikafeber


ඒ.ආර්. රහ්මන් born (ඒ.එස්. දිලීප් කුමර්), is an Indian people|Indian composer, singer-songwriter, music producer, musician and philanthropist. A. R. Rahman's works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music, world music and traditional orchestral arrangements.

ඒ.ආර්. රහ්මන්


La Prophétie des abeilles est un roman de science-fiction écrit par Bernard Werber et paru aux éditions Albin Michel le . D'après Libération et Le Parisien, il s'agit d'un succès de librairie.

Résumé
L'histoire d'une prophétie écrite au  par le Templier Salvin de Bienne qui peut faire penser à la Prophétie de Jean de Vézelay.

Personnages récurrents dans l'œuvre de Bernard Werber
Le héros est René Toledano, héros du roman La Boîte de Pandore, on y retrouve aussi sa compagne Opale Etchegoyen.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Roman français paru en 2021
Roman de science-fiction de Bernard Werber
Prophétie

La Prophétie des abeilles


Marțianul (titlu original: The Martian) este un film american din 2015 regizat de Ridley Scott. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Matt Damon,  Jessica Chastain,  Kristen Wiig și  Jeff Daniels. Scenariul este scris de Drew Goddard după un roman omonim de Andy Weir. A câștigat Premiul Globul de Aur pentru cel mai bun film (muzical/comedie) la a 73-a ediție a Premiilor Globul de Aur.

Damon interpretează rolul unui astronaut care din greșeală este considerat mort și lăsat în urmă pe planeta Marte și care apoi luptă pentru a supraviețui.

Prezentare

Distribuție
 Matt Damon - Mark Watney (botanist, engineer)
 Jessica Chastain - Melissa Lewis, Ares III Mission Commander (geologist)
 Kristen Wiig - Annie Montrose, NASA spokesperson (Director, Media Relations)
 Jeff Daniels - Theodore "Teddy" Sanders, Director of NASA
 Michael Peña - Major Rick Martinez, astronaut (pilot)
 Kate Mara - Beth Johanssen, astronaut (system operator, reactor technician)
 Sean Bean - Mitch Henderson, Hermes flight director
 Sebastian Stan - Dr. Chris Beck, astronaut (flight surgeon, EVA specialist)
 Aksel Hennie - Dr. Alex Vogel, German astronaut (navigator, chemist)
 Chiwetel Ejiofor - Vincent Kapoor, NASA's Mars mission director
 Donald Glover - Rich Purnell, a NASA astrodynamicist
 Benedict Wong - Bruce Ng, director of JPL
 Mackenzie Davis  - Mindy Park, a satellite planner in Mission Control
 Naomi Scott - Ryoko
 Nick Mohammed - Tim Grimes
 Eddy Ko - Guo Ming, chief scientist at CNSA
 Chen Shu - Zhu Tao, deputy chief scientist at CNSA

Note

Legături externe

 The Martian - Mark Watney's trek across Mars  at NASA
 The Martian - Nine real NASA technologies  at NASA

Vezi și
 Listă de filme științifico-fantastice din anii 2010
 Robinson Crusoe on Mars (film din 1964)

Filme din 2015
Filme americane
Filme în limba engleză
Filme regizate de Ridley Scott
Filme SF din anii 2010
Filme 20th Century Fox
Filme de aventuri
Marte în filme
Filme de acțiune din anii 2010
Filme despre astronauți
Ecranizări de romane americane
Filme bazate pe romane științifico-fantastice
Filme de supraviețuire

Marțianul (film)


L'Académie de musique et de danse de Jérusalem, en , est une école de musique et des arts du spectacle à Jérusalem. Il est situé sur le campus de l'Université hébraïque de Jérusalem.

Histoire
Le Conservatoire de musique de Jérusalem est fondé en août 1933 par le violoniste Emil Hauser, qui en est également le premier directeur. Son épouse, Helena Kagan, pionnière de la médecine pédiatrique dans l'Israël pré-étatique, est secrétaire honoraire de 1938 à 1946. Le directeur de l'école est Yocheved Dostorevsky, un pianiste originaire de Vienne. Le compositeur israélien Josef Tal dirige ensuite l'académie de 1948 à 1952.

Les cours ont d'abord lieu dans un bâtiment au coin de Kikar Zion, une place au centre de Jérusalem. Pour faire face à l'augmentation du nombre d'élèves, l'école déménage rue Hillel.

En 1958, Samuel Rubin, président de la Norman Foundation, qui devient ensuite la America-Israel Cultural Foundation, fait don permettant d'acheter un immeuble rue Smolenskin, dans le quartier Rehavia de Jérusalem. L'inauguration a eu lieu en présence de Golda Meir, Teddy Kollek et d'autres dignitaires. Lors de la cérémonie, l'école est rebaptisée Académie de musique Rubin à Jérusalem.

Cette même année, la bibliothèque de l'Académie est créée sous l'impulsion de Claude Abravanel. Au cours de ses 35 années en tant que directeur, la bibliothèque rassemble des livres, des revues, des partitions, des premières éditions et autres. La collection est conservée maintenant dans la bibliothèque de l'Académie et dans le fonds d'archives musicales israéliennes, créé en 1988.

Edith Gerson-Kiwi, ethnomusicologue spécialisée dans les musiques ethniques des communautés juives orientales de Palestine et d'Israël, y enseigne l'histoire de la musique en 1942. Avec les encouragements d'Emil Hauser, elle crée les archives phonographiques de l'Institut palestinien de folklore et d'ethnologie et une collection d'instruments de musique ethniques.

En 1965, Hassia Levy-Agron, pionnière de la danse en Israël, crée le département de danse de l'école. Le chef d'orchestre israélien Mendi Rodan dirige l'école de 1984 à 1993.

Aujourd'hui, l'école compte 160 professeurs et plus de 600 étudiants. L'académie est une institution indépendante reconnue par le Conseil de l'enseignement supérieur en Israël, mais collabore également avec l'Université hébraïque de Jérusalem. L'école dispose d'une faculté des arts du spectacle, d'une faculté de composition, de direction et d'éducation musicale et d'une faculté de danse, de mouvement et de notation du mouvement.

Anciens élèves notables

 David Bižić (né en 1975), baryton d'opéra
 Natan Brand (1944-1990), pianiste classique
 Drora Bruck (née en 1966), flûte à bec
 David D'Or (né en 1965), chanteur, compositeur et auteur-compositeur
 Noga Erez (née en 1989), chanteuse
 Sofia Falkovitch (née en 1980), hazzan mezzo-soprano
 Riki Guy (né vers 1975), soprano lyrique
 Gilad Atzmon (né en 1963), saxophoniste de jazz et universitaire
 Nurit Hirsh (née en 1942), compositrice, arrangeuse et chef d'orchestre
 Walter Hautzig (né en 1921), pianiste classique
 Daniella Kertesz (née en 1989), actrice
 Naomi Shemer (1930–2004), auteur-compositeur
 Robert Starer (1924-2001), compositeur et pianiste
 Edna Stern (née en 1977), pianiste
 Ilan Volkov (né en 1976), chef d'orchestre
 Yitzhak Yedid (né en 1971), compositeur israélo-australien de musique classique et pianiste de jazz
 Lior Rosner (né en 1969), compositeur israélo-américain de musique classique et de musique de film

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Université en Israël
 Musique israélienne

Liens externes

Danse en Israël
Établissement scolaire fondé en 1958
Enseignement à Jérusalem


තාරකා විද්‍යාඥයින් අතර ඇලය ලෙසින් හැඳින්වෙන, තාරකා විද්‍යාවෙහි  ආක්ෂක ආනතිය යනු, වස්තුවක  භ්‍රමණ අක්ෂය සහ එහි කක්ෂීය අක්ෂය අතර කෝණය හෝ, සමතුල්‍ය ලෙසින්, එහි  නිරක්ෂීය තලය සහ  කක්ෂීය තලය අතර කෝණය වෙයි. කක්ෂීය ආනතිය වෙතින් එය වෙනස් වෙයි.

ආශ්‍රිත

ආක්ෂක ආනතිය


قصر الشلالة إحدى بلديات ولاية تيارت (دائرة قصر الشلالة) يوجد تشابه في الأسماء بينها وبين دائرةالشلالة من ولاية البيض ودائرة شلالة العذاورة من ولاية المدية

أعلام
 سعد دحلب

المصادر

قصر الشلالة

قصر الشلالة


An Elymus magellanicus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Nicaise Auguste Desvaux, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Áskell Löve. An Elymus magellanicus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Elymus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Elymus

Elymus magellanicus