İbrahim Hilmi Paşa veya  Keçiboynuzu İbrahim Hilmi Paşa (d. 1747, İstanbul - ö. 1825 İstanköy), III. Selim saltanatında 14 Kasım 1806 - 18 Haziran 1807 tarihleri arasında yedi ay dört gün sadrazamlık ve çeşitli eyalet valiliği ve bu arada Girit valiliği yapmış Osmanlı devlet adamıdır.

Hayatı
İstanbul'da 1747'de doğdu. Yeniçeri ocağı beytülmalcısı Mehmed Ağa'nın oğludur. Gençliğinde çok zayıf olduğu için Keçiboynuzu lakabı almıştır . Yeniçeri ocağına girdi. 1802'de zağarcıbaşı, 1803'te kul kethüdası ve 1804'te Yeniçeri Ağası oldu.

Yeni kurulmakta olan Nizam-ı Cedid ordusuna karşı yeniçerilerin gösterdiği çok düşmanca reaksiyonu teskin etmek hedefiyle 4 Eylül 1806'da sadrazam görevine getirildi. Sadrazamlık dönemi çok olaylı geçti.

1804'te Kara Yorgi idaresinden başlayan  Sırp İsyanı devam etmekteydi ve Ruslardan da aldığı destekle Kara Yorgi 13 Aralık 1806'da Belgrad'ı eline geçirdi.

Osmanlı devleti 24 Eylül 1805 tarihinde Osmanlılar Ruslarla bir dostluk anlaşması yapmasına rağmen 1806'da Rus yanlısı "Konstantin İpsilanti" adlı Eflak Beyi'ni ve "Alexander Murusis" adlı Boğdan Beyi'ni görevden almıştı. Aynı sıralarda Napolyon Bonapart imparatorluğu idaresindeki Fransa da Dalmaçya kıyılarına asker çıkartmış ve Rusları tehdide başlamıştı. Bundan hoşnut olmayan Rusya 40.000 civarında askerle Eflak ve Boğdan'ı işgale başlamıştı. Buna karşılık  22 Aralık 1806 tarihinde Osmanlı devleti Boğazları kapattı ve Rusya'ya savaş ilan etti. Böylece 1806-1812 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı başlamış oldu.

Osmanlı devletinin bu savaşa girmesine neden, İngiltere tarafından, 1806'da İstanbul'a gönderilen Fransa elçisi Sabatini'ye bağlanmıştı. Bu Fransa elçisi İstanbul'a gelince Rus Çarı I. Aleksandr İngiltere'den yardım isteyince İngiltere büyükelçisi Arbuhnot III. Selim huzuruna çıkarak bir ültimatom vererek Fransız elçisinin geri gönderilmesini istedi; yoksa İngiltere'nin Akdeniz donanma filosunun Osmanlı devletine karşı hücuma geçeceğini bildirdi. 18 Şubat 1807'de Rusların müttefiki olan İngiltere'ye ait Amiral Duckworth komutasında 8 üç-ambarlı büyük kalyon ve 4 fırkateynden oluşan bir filo Çanakkale Boğazı'nı geçmeye başladı. İngilizlere destek sağlayan Amiral "Dmitry Şenyavin" komutasındaki 4 üç-ambarlı büyük kalyon boğaz girişinde kalıp bu hücuma iştirak etmedi. Bu İngiliz filosu nispeten az zayiatla Ramazan olduğu için iyi korunamayan Çanakkale Boğazı'nı geçip Marmara Denizi'ne girmeyi başardı. Amiral Duckworth'un filosu İstanbul önlerine gelip 19 Şubat'ta Yeşilköy önlerine demirledi. İstanbul ahalisi bu filonun şehri bombardıman edeceğinden çok paniğe kapıldı. Başta sadrazam İbrahim Hilmi Paşa, halk, esnaf, medrese öğrencileri savunma örgütleri kurdular. Uzak çevrelerden silahlı gönüllüler gelmeye başladı. Birkaç gün içinde kent sahillerine 1,200 kadar sayıda top yerleştirildi. Osmanlı donanması Haliç'ten çıkmadı, ama silahlı siviller kayıklarla sahillerini devriyeye başladılar. İngiliz Amirali Duckworth'un genç donanma subayı oğlu su ikmali için Kınalıada'ya çıktığında orada esir alındı. Amiral Duckworth Osmanlı donanmasının Haliç'ten çıkmasını beklemekte idi. Ama İstanbul önlerinde bir buçuk hafta bekleyip Osmanlı donanması Haliç'ten çıkmayınca bu operasyonun başarılamayacağı anladı. 2 Mart'ta sahilden halkın yuhlamaları altında İstanbul'dan ayrıldı. Çanakkale Boğazı ağzında Osmanlı topçusu İngiliz filosuna yine zayiat verdirdi.

Bu badirenin atlatılmasından sonra Rusya'ya karşı savaş için Serdar-ı Ekrem olan sadrazam İbrahim Hilmi Paşa komutasında  Osmanlı ordusu 12 Nisan 1807'de Ruslara karşı sefere çıkarak Silistre önlerine geldi.  Bulgaristan'dan Tuna Nehri üzerinden Eflak topraklarına girerek Eflak başkenti Bükreş'e taarruza başladı. Fakat bu ordu Mikail Miloradovic komutasındaki nispeten ufak bir Rus ordusu tarafından 2 Haziran 1807 tarihinde Obileşti Muharebesi'nde yenilip geri püskürtüldü.

Balkanlarda bu gelişmeler olurken Vahhabi İsyanı 1803-1804'ten beri devam etmekte idi ve Abdül Aziz ibn Muhammad ibn Saud idaresinde olan Saudi Vahhabiler ellerine geçirdikleri Mekke be Medine şehirlerindeki kutsal anıtları ve dindar Sünnilerin önemli saydıkları bina, türbe ve mezarlıkları yıkıp yerle bir etmeye devam etmekteydiler. Bu kutsal yerlerin koruyucusu olan Osmanlı devleti diğer savaşlarla uğraştığı için hiç tedbir alamaz halde idi.

Bu gaileler devam ederken Sultan III. Selim ve yeni kurulan Nizam-ı Cedid aleytarlığı almış yürümüştü.
III. Selim'in en yakın çevresini oluşturan Sır Katibi Ahmet Faiz Efendi, Valide kethüdası  Yusuf Ağa, İbrahim Kethüda ile ilgili yolsuzluk iddiaları ortalığa yayıldı. Bunların servetinin kaynağının İrad-ı Cedid paraları olduğu ileri sürülmekte idi. Güven bulanımı, dedikodu, yolsuzluk savları ve hayat pahalığı giderek arttı.... Olanlara sırt çeviren zengin bir zümre de Avrupa'dan gelen yeniliklere özenirken; yobazlar ve cahil kesim dinin elden gittiği yaygarasıyla padişaha duyulan güvensizliği nefrete dönüştürme çabasındaydı... Batıl inançlara bağlılık, eskiye oranla kentte çok yaygınlaştı.

25 Mayıs 1807'de Rumelikavağı'ndaki Boğaz muhafızları yamakları Kabakçı Mustafa isyanı'nı başlattılar.  İstanbul bir terör merkezi oldu. Nizam-ı Cedidciler kentte aranıp yakalanıp öldürülmeye başlandı. İmkânı olan Nizam-ı Cedid askerleri ve onları tutan ilerigelenler İstanbul'dan kaçmaya başladılar. Konaklar yağmalandı. Etmaydanında devamlı büyük toplantılar yapılıp şeriat geri getirilmesi çareleri arandı. Ayaklanmanın üçüncü günü Paşakapısı, Ayasofya ve Topkapı Sarayı çevresini dolduran isyancı güruh Babıali'deki ulema ve ricali önlerine katıp Sarayın iki kapısından girip Bâbüssaâde Kapısı önüne geldiler. Sedaret kaymakamı Köse Musa Paşa ve Şeyhülislam Şerifzade Ataullah Mehmed Efendi'yi saray içine gönderildiler ve yeni padişahın cülusunu sağladılar. Böylece 29 Mayıs 1807'de III. Selim tahttan feragat etmiş oldu ve yerine IV. Mustafa padişah oldu.

Bu olaylar sırasında Sadrazam İbrahim Hilmi Paşa serdar-ı ekrem olarak Rus cephesinde bulunmaktaydı. İstanbul'da görevini sedaret kaymakamı olan Köse Musa Paşa yapmakta idi. İbrahim Hilmi Paşa Balkanlarda dağılan ordunun başından ayrılarak Alemdar Mustafa Paşa'ya sığındı. Bunun üzerine 18 Haziran 1807'de sadrazamlıktan azledildi.

Temmuz 1807'de İbrahim Hilmi Paşa Selanik valiliğine getirildi. Aralık 1807'de ise Hersek sancağı da bağlanmış olarak Bosna eyaleti valisi oldu. Alemdar Mustafa Paşa'in İstanbul'a girişi olaylarına, II. Mahmud'un tahta geçmesine; Alemdar Mustafa Paşa'nın öldürülmesi ve II. Mahmud'un yavaş yavaş idareyi eline alış olaylarına hiç katkısı olmadı. Ekim 1813'te bu valilikten azledildi; vezirliği kaldırıldı ve Gelibolu'ya sürgüne gönderildi.  1816'da afedildi; vezirliği geri verildi ve Kandiye muhafızlığı görevi verildi. 1818'de bir rütbe düşümü ifade eden İçel mutasarrıflığı görevine atandı. Temmuz 1819'da Hanya muhafızlığına tayin edildi. Temmuz 1821'de ise Adana valisi görevi verildi.

1823'te bu valilik görevinden de azledildi; vezirliği geri alındı ve İstanköy'de ikamete memur edildi. Fakat burada iken bir müddet sonra bir Rum isyanı çıkması muhtemel görüldüğü için İstanköy Muhafızlığı görevine getirildi. Bu görevde iken 17 Haziran 1825'te 77 yaşında öldü.

Kaynakça

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
 Beydilli, Kemal (1999) "İbrahim Hilmi Paşa (Keçiboynuzu Ağa)", Yaşamları ve Yapıtlarıyla Osmanlılar Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul:Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık A.Ş. C.1 s.629-630 ISBN 975-08-0072-9
 Sakaoğlu, Necdet (1999), Bu Mülkün Sultanlari, İstanbul:Oğlak Yayınları ISBN 975-329-2996
 Buz, Ayhan (2009) Osmanlı Sadrazamları, İstanbul: Neden Kitap, ISBN 978-975-254-278-5
 Danişmend, İsmail Hâmi (1971),Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, İstanbul: Türkiye Yayınevi.

Dış bağlantılar
 Tektaş, Nazım (2002), Sadrâzamlar Osmanlı'da İkinci Adam Saltanatı, İstanbul:Çatı Yayınevi (Google books:
 Beydilli, Kemal (2000), "İbrâhim Hilmi Paşa" Türkiye Diyanet İşleri Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi  Cilt:21, Sayfa: 318-319, Ankara:TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi, Online:

1747 doğumlular
1817 yılında ölenler
Osmanlı sadrazamları
İstanbul doğumlu devlet görevlileri
Osmanlı Bosna valileri
Osmanlı Adana valileri
Karacaahmet Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler

İbrahim Hilmi Paşa


est le deuxième album live du groupe britannique de rock Slade. Il est sorti en 1978 sur le label Barn Records.

Fiche technique

Chansons

Musiciens

 Noddy Holder : chant, guitare rythmique
 Dave Hill : guitare solo, chœurs
 Jim Lea : basse, chœurs
 Don Powell : batterie

Équipe de production

 Chas Chandler : production
 Alwyn Clayden : pochette
 Alex Agor : photographie
 Alan Goldberg : éclairage

Références

Liens externes

Album de Slade
Album live sorti en 1978

Slade Alive, Vol. 2


Planetarni sustav Gliese 581 je gravitacijski vezan sustav koji sadrži zvijezdu Gliese 581 i objekte koji je okružuju. Poznato je da se sustav sastoji od najmanje četiri planeta, zajedno s diskom krhotina otkrivenim metodom radijalne brzine. Značajnost sustava posljedica je prije svega ranih egzoplanetoloških otkrića, između 2008. i 2010., mogućih zemaljskih planeta koji orbitiraju unutar njegove naseljene zone i relativno neposredne blizine Sunčevog sustava s udaljenosti 20 svjetlosnih godina. Međutim, njegova povijest promatranja kontroverzna je zbog lažnih otkrivanja i pretpostavki, a metodom radijalne brzine daje se malo informacija o samim planetima iznad njihove mase.

Vjeruje se da se potvrđeni planeti nalaze blizu zvijezde s gotovo kružnim orbitama. U razmaku od zvijezde to su Gliese 581e, Gliese 581b i Gliese 581c. Slova predstavljaju red otkrića, s tim da je b prvi otkriveni planet.

Gliese 581

Gliese 581 je zvijezda spektralnog tipa M3V ( crveni patuljak ) udaljena dvadeset svjetlosnih godina od Zemlje u zviježđu Vaga. Procijenjena masa mu je oko trećine Sunca i to je 89. najbliža Suncu poznata zvijezda.

Gliese 581 jedan je od najstarijih, najmanje aktivnih M patuljaka, a njegova niska zvjezdana aktivnost djeluje bolje od većine planeta koji zadržavaju značajnu atmosferu i od sterilizirajućih zvjezdanih baklji.

U tijeku je analiza sustava proizvela nekoliko modela za orbitaralno uređenje sustava. Ne postoji trenutni konsenzus i predloženi su modeli 3-planeta, 4-planeta, 5-planeta i 6 planeta kako bi se adresirali dostupni podaci o radijalnoj brzini. Većina ovih modela, međutim, predviđa da su unutarnji planeti imaju skoro kružne orbite, dok bi vanjski planeti, naročito Gliese 581d, ako postoje, bili na više eliptičnim orbitama.

Modeli nastanjive zone Gliese 581 pokazuju da se proteže od oko 0,1 do 0,5 AJ uzimajući dio orbite Gliese 581d. Prva tri planeta orbitiraju bliže zvijezdi nego unutarnjem rubu nastanjene zone, a unutar nje kruže planeti d i (g).

Planeti

Potvrđeni

Gliese 581 e
Gliese 581e je najunutarnji planet i s najmanjom masom od 1,7 mase Zemlje te ima najmanju masu u sustavu. Otkriven 2009. godine, to je i najnoviji potvrđeni planet koji je otkriven u ovom sustavu. Za završetak orbite je potrebno 3,15 dana. Prve analize sugerirale su da je orbita planeta prilično eliptična, ali nakon ispravljanja mjerenja radijalne brzine za zvjezdane aktivnosti, podaci sada pokazuju kružnu orbitu.

Gliese 581 b
Gliese 581b je najmasovniji planet za kojeg se zna da kruži oko Gliesea 581. Prvi je otkriveni planet u tom sustavu i drugi po redu od zvijezde.

Gliese 581 c
Gliese 581c je treći planet u orbiti oko Gliese 581. Otkriven je u travnju 2007. U svom radu iz 2007., Udry i sur. tvrdili su da ako Gliese 581c ima sastav tipa Zemlje, imao bi radijus od 1,5 R⊕, što bi ga u to vrijeme učinilo "najsličnijim Zemlji od svih poznatih egzoplaneta". Izravno mjerenje polumjera ne može se uzeti jer, gledano sa Zemlje, planet ne tranzitira svoju zvijezdu. Minimalna masa planeta je 5,5 puta veća od Zemljine. Planet je u početku privlačio pažnju kao potencijalno useljiv, iako je od tada nestao. Procjenjuje se da je srednja temperatura površine crnog tijela između -3 °C (za albedo nalik Veneri) i 40 °C (za zemljinog albeda), međutim, temperature bi mogle biti mnogo više (oko 500 stupnjeva Celzija) zbog efekta staklenika sličnog onome u Veneri. Neki astronomi vjeruju da je sustav možda pretrpio planetarnu migraciju, a Gliese 581c se možda stvorio izvan linije smrzavanja, sa sastavom sličnim ledenim tijelima poput Ganimeda. Gliese 581c kompletno orbitu završava za nešto manje od 13 dana.

Nepotvrđeni

Gliese 581 g
Gliese 581g je nepotvrđen (i sporan) egzoplanet za kojeg se tvrdi da orbitira unutar planetarnog sustava Gliese 581, dvadeset svjetlosnih godina od Zemlje. Otkrio ga je tim Istraživanja egzoplaneta Lick-Carnegie i šesti je planet koji kruži oko zvijezde; međutim, njegovo postojanje nije mogao potvrditi istraživački tim Europskog južnog opservatorija (ESO)  i HARPS-a, a njegovo postojanje ostaje sporno. Smatra se da je blizu sredine nastanjive zone svoje zvijezde. To znači da može održati tekuću vodu - potrebnu za sve poznate oblike živote - na njenoj površini ako postoje povoljni atmosferski uvjeti na planetu.

Gliese 581 d
Gliese 581d je egzoplanet koji se jednom smatrao osporavanim zbog netočne analize uzrokovane bukom i zvjezdanom aktivnošću, ali reanaliza sugerira da on zaista postoji, usprkos varijabilnosti zvijezda. Smatra se da je njegova masa 6,98 Zemlje, a njegov radijus se smatra 2,2 R ⊕. Smatra se superzemljom, ali izvanredan je po tome što se njena orbita nalazi unutar nastanjive zone i ima čvrstu površinu koja omogućava bilo kojoj vodi prisutnoj na njenoj površini da formira tekuće oceane, pa čak i kopnene mase karakteristične za Zemljinu površinu, iako s mnogo većom površinskom gravitacijom. Smatra se da je njegovo orbitalno razdoblje dugo 66,87 dana, velika poluos 0,21847, s nepotvrđenom ekscentričnošću. Analiza sugerira da se kreće oko zone zvijezda u kojoj žive, a temperature su upravo takve da podupiru život.

Krhotinski disk
Na vanjskom rubu sustava nalazi se golemi krhotinski disk koji sadrži više kometa nego Sunčev sustav. Disk ima inklinaciju između 30° i 70°.  Ako planetarne orbite leže u istoj ravnini, njihove bi mase bile između 1,1 i 2 puta minimalne vrijednosti mase.

Izvori

Gliese 581 (planetarni sustav)


L'alphabet phonétique de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans est un système de transcription phonétique, basé sur l'écriture latine, utilisé en dialectologie catalane. Il a été adopté par l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans et utilisé dans les revues Biblioteca filològica et Butlletí de dialectologia catalana.

Sources

Voir aussi
 Alphabet phonétique international

Alphabet phonétique
Langue catalane

Alphabet phonétique de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans


"Whatever Your Heart Desires" (español: Lo que su corazón desee) es la séptima canción del álbum Another Place and Time de la cantante Donna Summer, lanzado en 1989. Fue escrita por la misma Summer con el trío británico Stock, Aitken & Waterman, quienes produjeron el resto de las canciones del álbum.

Composición
Es una canción eurodance de medio tiempo con elementos del Hi-NRG. Junto con "When Love Takes Over You", son las canciones de estilo dance más lentas del álbum en comparación con las otras.

En Europa, fue lanzada como lado B del hit "This Time I Know It's for Real" bajo el sello Warner Bros.

Producción

Personal
 Donna Summer - voz principal, composición
 Dee Lewis, Mae McKenna, Mike Stock - coros
 Matt Aitken - guitarra
 George De Angelis, Matt Aitken, Mike Stock - teclados
 Mike Stock, Matt Aitken, Pete Waterman - composición

Equipo técnico
 Stock, Aitken & Waterman - producción, arreglos
 Karen Hewitt, Olugbo Boyowa - ingenieros
 Dennis King - masterización

Otros trabajos
Tras el éxito europeo del álbum, Summer volvió a grabar con los mismos productores un segundo álbum que no vio la luz debido a discrepancias con la discográfica. Canciones como "If I Have to Stand Alone", "Beyond Your Wildest Dreams", "Happenin' All Over Again" y "That's No Reason" fueron posteriormente grabadas por la cantante Lonnie Gordon.

Pasarían otros tres años antes que se volviera a publicar otro material nuevo de la cantante.

Canciones de 1989
Canciones de Donna Summer
Canciones compuestas por Donna Summer

Whatever Your Heart Desires


Francisco Cuervo y Valdés ( – ) est un militaire espagnol qui fut gouverneur de la Nouvelle-Estrémadure, puis du Nouveau-Mexique en Nouvelle-Espagne ainsi que le fondateur de la ville d'Albuquerque.

Hommages
Une statue équestre de Francisco Cuervo y Valdés créée par l'artiste Buck McCain est érigée sur une des places d'Albuquerque.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en juin 1651
Décès en avril 1714
Décès à 62 ans
Administrateur colonial espagnol
Gouverneur de Coahuila

Francisco Cuervo y Valdés


est un botaniste et paléontologue.

Notes et références

Bibliographie
  Fritz H. Cramer, Bensayah Allam, William H. Kanes et Maria del Carmen R. Díez, Upper Arenigian to Lower Llanvirnian Acritarchs from the Subsurface of the Tadla Basin in Morocco, Palaeontographica Abteilung B Band 145 Lieferung 5-6, 1974, pages 182-190.
  Fritz H. Cramer and Maria del Carmen R. Díez, 1976. Some new Late Arenigian species of the Acritarch Genus Coryphidium VAVRDOVA, 1972. Paläont. Z, 50, 3-4, p. 201 -208.

Liens externes

Botaniste
Paléontologue

Fritz H. Cramer


The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) () is the air force of Norway. It was established as a separate arm of the Norwegian Armed Forces on 10 November 1944. The RNoAF's peacetime establishment is approximately 2,430 employees (officers, enlisted staff and civilians). 600 personnel also serve their draft period in the RNoAF. After mobilization, the RNoAF would consist of approximately 5,500 personnel.

The infrastructure of the RNoAF includes seven airbases (at Ørland, Rygge, Andøya, Evenes, Bardufoss, Bodø and Gardermoen), one control and reporting centre (at Sørreisa) and three training centres at Værnes in Stjørdal, 32.7 km north of Trondheim, where Trondheim airport now lies, Kjevik in Kristiansand and at KNM Harald Haarfagre/Madlaleiren in Stavanger.

History

Conception
Military flights started on 1 June 1912. The first plane, , was bought with money donated by the public and piloted by Hans Dons, second in command of Norway's first submarine HNoMS Kobben (A-1). Until 1940 most of the aircraft belonging to the Navy and Army air forces were domestic designs or built under license agreements, the main bomber/scout aircraft of the Army air force being the Dutch-originated Fokker C.V.

World War II

Build-up for World War II

Before 1944, the Air Force were divided into the Norwegian Army Air Service  (Hærens Flyvevaaben) and the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service (Marinens Flyvevaaben).

In the late 1930s, as war seemed imminent, more modern aircraft were bought from abroad, including twelve Gloster Gladiator fighters from the UK, and six Heinkel He 115s from Germany. Considerable orders for aircraft were placed with United States companies during the months prior to the invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940.

The most important of the US orders were two orders for comparatively modern Curtiss P-36 Hawk monoplane fighters. The first was for 24 Hawk 75A-6 (with 1200 hp Pratt & Whitney R-1830-SC3-G Twin Wasp engines), 19 of which were delivered before the invasion. Of these 19, though, none were operational when the attack came. A number were still in their shipping crates in Oslo harbour, while others stood at the Kjeller aircraft factory, flight ready, but none combat ready. Some of the Kjeller aircraft had not been fitted with machine guns, and those that had been fitted still lacked gun sights.

The ship with the last five 75A-6s that were bound for Norway was diverted to the United Kingdom, where they were taken over by Royal Air Force (RAF). All 19 Norwegian P-36s that were captured by the German invaders were later sold by the German authorities to the Finnish Air Force, which was to use them to good effect during the Continuation War.

The other order for P-36s was for 36 Hawk 75A-8 (with 1200 hp Wright R-1820-95 Cyclone 9 engines), none of which were delivered in time for the invasion, but were delivered to  "Little Norway" near Toronto, Ontario, Canada. There they were used for training Norwegian pilots until the USAAF took over the aircraft and used them under the designation P-36G.

Also ordered prior to the invasion were 24 Northrop N-3PB float planes built in on Norwegian specifications for a patrol bomber. The order was made on 12 March 1940 in an effort to replace the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service's obsolete MF.11 biplane patrol aircraft. None of the type were delivered by 9 April and when they became operational with the 330 (Norwegian) Squadron in May 1941 they were stationed at Reykjavík, Iceland performing anti-submarine and convoy escort duties.

Escape and exile
The unequal situation led to the rapid defeat of the Norwegian air forces, even though seven Gladiators from the fighter wing () defended Fornebu airport against the attacking German forces with some success—claiming two Bf 110 heavy fighters, two He 111 bombers and one Junkers Ju 52 transport.  lost two Gladiators to ground strafing while they were rearming on Fornebu and one in the air, shot down by Future Experte Helmut Lent, injuring the sergeant pilot. After the withdrawal of allied forces, the Norwegian Government ceased fighting in Norway and evacuated to the United Kingdom on 10 June 1940.

Only aircraft of the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service had the range to fly all the way from their last remaining bases in Northern Norway to the UK. Included amongst the Norwegian aircraft that reached the British Isles were four German-made Heinkel He 115 seaplane bombers, six of which were bought before the war and two more were captured from the Germans during the Norwegian Campaign. One He 115 also escaped to Finland before the surrender of mainland Norway, as did three M.F. 11s; landing on Lake Salmijärvi in Petsamo. A captured Arado Ar 196 originating from the German heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper was also flown to Britain for testing.

For the Norwegian Army Air Service aircraft the only option for escape was Finland, where the planes would be interned but at least not fall into the hands of the Germans. In all two Fokker C.V.s and one de Havilland Tiger Moth made it across the border and onto Finnish airfields just before the capitulation of mainland Norway. All navy and army aircraft that fled to Finland were pressed into service with the Finnish Air Force, while most of the aircrew eventually ended up in "Little Norway".

The Army and Navy air services established themselves in Britain under the command of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Norwegian air and ground crews operated as part of the British Royal Air Force, in both wholly Norwegian squadrons and also in other squadrons and units such as RAF Ferry Command and RAF Bomber Command. In particular, Norwegian personnel operated two squadrons of Supermarine Spitfires: RAF 132 (Norwegian) Wing consisted of No. 331 (Norwegian) Squadron and RAF No. 332 (Norwegian) Squadron. Both planes and running costs were financed by the exiled Norwegian government.

In the autumn of 1940, a Norwegian training centre known as "Little Norway" was established next to Toronto Island Airport, Canada.

The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) was established by a royal decree on 1 November 1944, thereby merging the Army and Navy air forces. No. 331 (Norwegian) Squadron defended London from 1941 and was the highest scoring fighter squadron in South England during the war.

Up until 8 May 1945, 335 persons had lost their lives while taking part in the efforts of the RNoAF.

Post-war air force

After the war the Spitfire remained in service with the RNoAF into the fifties.

In 1947, the Surveillance and Control Division acquired its first radar system, and around the same time the RNoAF got its first jet fighters in the form of de Havilland Vampires.

In 1949 Norway co-founded NATO, and soon afterwards received American aircraft through the MAP (Military Aid Program). The expansion of the Air Force happened at a very rapid pace as the Cold War progressed. Throughout the Cold War the Norwegian Air Force was only one of two NATO air forces—Turkey being the other—with a responsibility for an area with a land border with the Soviet Union, and Norwegian fighter aircraft had on average 500–600 interceptions of Soviet aircraft each year.

In 1959, the Anti-Aircraft Artillery was integrated into the Royal Norwegian Air Force.

In 1999, Norway participated with six F-16s during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.

21st century RNoAF
In October 2002, a tri-national force of 18 Norwegian, Danish, and Dutch F-16 fighter-bombers, with one Dutch Air Force KC-10A tanker, flew to the Manas Air Base in Kyrgyzstan, to support the NATO ground forces in Afghanistan as a part of the Operation Enduring Freedom. One of the missions was Operation Desert Lion.

On 27–28 January, Norwegian F-16s bombed Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin Fighters in the Adi Ghar Mountains during the beginnings of Operation Mongoose.

In 2004, four F-16s participated on NATO's Baltic Air Policing operation.

Beginning from February 2006, eight Royal Netherlands Air Force F-16s, joined by four Royal Norwegian Air Force F-16s, supported NATO International Security Assistance Force ground troops mostly in the southern provinces of Afghanistan. The air detachment is known as the 1st Netherlands-Norwegian European Participating Forces Expeditionary Air Wing (1 NLD/NOR EEAW).

2010s
In 2011, a detachment of F-16s were sent to enforce the Libyan no-fly zone. In a statement, Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr Støre condemned the violence against "peaceful protesters in Libya, Bahrain and Yemen", saying the protests "are an expression of the people's desire for more participatory democracy. The authorities must respect fundamental human rights such as political, economic and social rights. It is now vital that all parties do their utmost to foster peaceful dialogue on reforms". On 19 March 2011, the Norwegian government authorized the Royal Norwegian Air Force for deployment in Libya. Norway approved six F-16 fighters and personnel. The deployment started on 21 March and operated from the Souda Air Base in Souda Bay on Crete.

On 24 March 2011, F-16s from the Royal Norwegian Air Force were assigned to the United States Africa Command during Operation Odyssey Dawn. On 25 March 2011, laser-guided bombs were launched from F-16s of the Royal Norwegian Air Force against Libyan tanks and during the night towards 26 March an airfield was bombed. Forces were also deployed to Operation Unified Protector on 26 March 2011.

By July 2011, the Norwegian F-16's had dropped close to 600 bombs, some 17% of the total bombs dropped at that time. It was Norwegian F-16s that on the night towards 26 April, bombed Gaddafi's headquarter in Tripoli.

From September to December 2011, the Air Force contributed personnel and one P-3 Orion to Operation Ocean Shield. Operating from the Seychelles, the aircraft searched for pirates in the Somali Basin.

In April 2016 the life of a patient, at the hospital in Bodø, was saved when specialised medical equipment was ferried halfway across Norway, in less than half an hour, by an Air Force F-16 jet from Værnes Air Station.

On 29 March 2017, Norway signed a contract for five P-8As, to be delivered between 2022 and 2023.

On 3 November 2017, RNoAF took delivery of the first F-35A Lightning II.

2020s
In March 2021, RNoAF participated in Icelandic Air Policing with four F-35A Lightning II and 130 military personnel.

On 2 December 2021, RNoAF announced that twelve F-16As have been sold to Draken International. Transfer of the F-16As is expected to happen in 2022, pending formal approval by the US and Norwegian governments. In December 2021, Romania expressed their interest to purchase the rest of 32 F-16As.

On 6 January 2022, the F-35 officially took over the Quick Reaction Alert mission, ending the F-16 fleet's 42 year-long mission.

In June 2022, Norway terminated a contract to acquire 14 NH90 helicopters, claiming that the supplier could not deliver and sustain the availability of combat capable aircraft that Norway required. All NH90 flight operations are discontinued, all acquired aircraft are planned to be returned to the manufacturer, and in due course Norway intends to acquire a new aircraft.

On 14 March 2023, RNoAF announced a contract for six SH-60 Seahawk as a replacement for the NH90. The three first helicopters will be delivered in 2025.

Plans
In 2016, research was started to consider the Boeing P-8A Poseidon MMA to replace the aging six P-3C Orion and two Falcon 20 aircraft by 2020 - 2025. In November 2016 the intention to acquire five was confirmed. On 5 March 2018, United States Department of Defense announced the award of a contract to Boeing that includes five P-8A Poseidons for RNoAF.

Organization

The RNoAF is organized in five Air Wings. These are divided into a total of one Control and Reporting Centre, nine flying squadrons as well as two ground based air defense units. The former distinctiontion between a Main Air Station () and an Air Station () was replaced by a new distinction between an Air Force Station () and an Air Force Base ().

 131 Air Wing, in Sørreisa
 Control and Reporting Centre Sørreisa, reports to NATO's Integrated Air Defense System CAOC Uedem in Germany
 Radar Station Njunis, with AT-31SL/N
 Radar Station Senja, with RAT-31SL/N
 Radar Station Honningsvåg, with RAT-31SL/N
 Radar Station Vestvågøy, with SINDRE I
 Radar Station Vågsøy, with SINDRE I
 Radar Station Skykula, with SINDRE I
 132 Air Wing (), HQ at Ørland Air Station
 Ørland Air Station ()
 331 Squadron (), with F-35A Lightning II
 332 Squadron (), with F-35A Lightning II
 Testing, Training and Tactics Development Squadron (), with F-35A Lightning II
 Aircraft Maintenance Group Ørland ()
 Air Defence Battalion NASAMS III times (2) ()
 Base Defense Squadron ()
 Base Operations Group Ørland ()
 Air Force Logistical Base ()
 NATO Airborne Early Warning Force – Forward Operating Location, for E-3A Sentry
 133 Air Wing, HQ at Evenes Air Station (moved over from Andøya Air Station)
 Evenes Air Station () - The 333 Squadron will move to Evenes with the introduction of the P-8A Poseidon. The air station will also provide a forward deployment location for the F-35A fighters of the 132nd Air Wing. The expansion of Evenes Air Station and its increased importance will see the base field its own air defence unit with NASAMS III, independent from the one in Ørland and its own base defence squadron. When Evenes expands to its planned capability, the base will have the following composition:
 Evenes Staff Unit ()
 333 Squadron (333 skvadron), planned to operate with 5 Boeing P-8A Poseidon aircraft in the ASW, maritime patrol, ELINT and EW roles starting in 2023.
 Aircraft Maintenance Squadron ()
 Air Defence Battery () (separate from the Air Defence Battalion at Ørland air base)
 Base Defence Squadron ()
 Base Operations Squadron ()
 Base [Staff] Department()
 In addition to the strictly Air Force units Evenes Air Station will also house small contingents (personnel numbers in brackets) of the Norwegian Cyber Defence Force (CYFOR) (20), Norwegian Armed Forces Logistics Organisation (FLO) (30) and the Norwegian Defence Estates Agency () (20) for a total planned personnel of 651 people at the base.
 Andøya Station Group () at Andøya Air Force Base ()
 333 Squadron, with P-3C/N, ASW/multirole (unit will move to Evenes Air Base and Andøya will close down as an air base in 2023.)
 134 Air Wing, at Rygge Air Station
 Rygge Air Station ()
 339 Special Operations Aviation Squadron (), with Bell 412 SP (Special forces support)
 Special Operations Air Task Group
 Gardermoen Station Group () at Air Force Base Gardermoen (), the military section of Oslo - Gardermoen IAP (The 135th Air Wing was disbanded in August 2018 and absorbed into the 134th Air Wing.)
 335 Squadron (), with C-130J-30 Super Hercules
 717 Squadron (), with DA-20 for electronic warfare.
 Armed Forces Center for Electronic Warfare ( (FEKS))
 Maritime Helicopter Wing (), HQ at Bardufoss Air Station
 Bardufoss Air Station ()
 337 Squadron (), also known as the Coast Guard Squadron (), as the helicopters operate in support of the Norwegian Coast Guard
 Air Force Flying School (), with MFI-17 Supporter
 Aircraft Maintenance Squadron ()
 Base Operations Squadron ()
 Air Force Base Haakonsvern () (air force part of the Haakonsvern Naval Base ()
 334 Squadron (), also known as the Frigate [Helicopter] Squadron (), as the helicopters operate on board the Fridtjof Nansen-class frigates
 Station Group Banak (), at Lakselv Airport
 Rescue Helicopter Service (), HQ at Stavanger - Sola Air Station - In Norway air rescue is a domain of the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Justis- og beredskapsdepartementet), which also finances these activities, including the funding for the acquisition of aerial assets (the old Sea King helicopters and their AW101 replacement are owned by the justice ministry). The Rescue Helicopter Service is the operational component, organised, manned and operated by the Air Force on behalf of the Ministry of Justice. Rescue helicopters maintain 15 minute readiness.
 330 Squadron (), Search and Rescue with Sea King and phasing in AgustaWestland AW101 helicopters, at Sola Air Station
 Detachment Banak () at Banak Air Force Base
 Detachment Bodø (), at Bodø Air Force Base
 Detachment Ørland () Ørland Air Station
 Detachment Rygge () (Rygge Air Station
 Detachment Florø () at Florø Airport (Operated by CHC Helikopter Service since 2017, while AW101 are being phased in).
 Air force Schools ()
 Royal Norwegian Air Force Academy, in Trondheim
 Air Force Air Operational Training and Certification Center (), formerly Air Force Air Tactical School (), at Rygge
 Air Force Flight Training School (), at Bardufoss, listed above under the Bardufoss Air Station, Maritime Helicopter Wing entry.
 Air Defence Tactical School (), at Ørland
 Air Force Base Defence Tactical School (), at Værnes
 Air Force Control and Reporting School (), at Sørreisa
 Air Force Flight Technical School (), at Kjevik
 Air Force Specialists School (), at Kjevik
 Air Warfare School (), at Trondheim. In 2018 the Air Warfare School (Air Force Officer School) became part of the Armed Forces Academy () and thus no longer part of the Air Force. Listed above as the Royal Norwegian Air Force Academy.

Aircraft

Current inventory

NOTE: Norway is participating in three NATO programs giving them access to an Airbus A330 MRTT, 3 C-17's and 5 RQ-4 Global Hawks

Retired
Previous aircraft flown included the Dassault Falcon 20,  F-16 Fighting Falcon, North American F-86K, Republic F-84G,  F-104 Starfighter, Northrop F-5, Lockheed T-33, Fairchild PT-26, Catalina PB5Y-A, Douglas C-47, DHC-3 Otter, Noorduyn Norseman, Cessna O-1, Bell UH-1B,  Bell 47G, P-3 Orion and the NHIndustries NH90 helicopter.

See also
 Free Norwegian forces
 List of military aircraft of Norway
 List of air forces
 Heavy Airlift Wing
 Strategic Airlift Capability

References

Bibliography

External links

 Norwegian Defence 2005 – Facts from the Ministry of Defence
 RNoAF Equipment Facts
 History of the Royal Norwegian Air Force (Norwegian)
 Norwegian Aviation Museum
 ML407 – The Norwegian Story
 Norwegian Air Force – Air Show in Kristiansand
 RNoAF English pages

Military units and formations established in 1944
1944 establishments in Norway

Royal Norwegian Air Force


Seiji Kimoto (* 1937 in Osaka, Japan; † 27. April 2022 in Neunkirchen (Saar)) war ein japanisch-deutscher Künstler, der vor allem als Bildhauer und Kalligraph tätig war.

Leben
Kimoto wuchs in Osaka, Japan auf und studierte dort Innenarchitektur und Zen-Malerei. Von 1961 bis 1967 arbeitete er als Innenarchitekt und besuchte anschließend das Goethe-Institut in Staufen im Breisgau, wo er 1967 seine spätere Frau Ursula kennen lernte. 1968 begann er ein Studium an der Kunsthochschule Saarbrücken bei Boris Kleint und begründete in dieser Zeit die Gruppe 7 mit. Seit 1971 arbeitete er als freischaffender Künstler und war Gründungsmitglied des Bundesverband Bildender Künstlerinnen und Künstler im Saarland. Er wohnte seit mehreren Jahren in Wiebelskirchen. 1985 war er Gründungsmitglied des Saarländischen Künstlerhauses. 1995 gewann er den 1. Preis in einem Wettbewerb zur Erstellung des Verkehrsmittelpunktes in Weiskirchen. 1999 wurde er für den Kunstpreis Robert Schuman der QuattroPole nominiert. Kimoto formulierte das Hauptziel seines Schaffens so: "Mein künstlerisches Anliegen ist das Bewusstmachen dessen, was Menschen einander antun können; vor allem, wenn die Menschenrechtsverletzung politisch legitimiert ist." Auf Grund dieser Einstellung widmete sich Kimoto vor allem der Gestaltung von Mahnmalen an Orten des Grauens. Er schuf aber auch meditative Tuschebilder und Kalligrafien, die er in dem Projekt "Raku Sho" (Klingende Zeichen) in Zusammenarbeit mit einem Musiker auch hörbar machte.

Öffentlicher Raum

Einige Außeninstallationen beschäftigten sich mit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. 1997 wurde im Hüttenpark in Neunkirchen ein Mahnmal für Zwangsarbeiter in Neunkirchen eröffnet. Eine zweite Installation befindet sich an der Kläranlage Sinnerthal. 2004 wurde sein Relief "Menschenmaterial" an der Gedenkstätte Berlin-Hohenschönhausen eingeweiht, 2006 folgte eine Großplastik an der KZ-Gedenkstätte Mauthausen. 2009 übergab Kimoto die Installation "Orientierung" an die Fachoberschule für Design in Saarbrücken. 2010 errichtete Kimoto die große Stahlplastik "Abwehr-Auslieferung" in Saarbrücken an der Johanniskirche. 2011 übergab Kimoto eine Skulptur an die Alex-Deutsch-Stiftung. 2016 erfolgte die Übergabe der Installation "Sagt Nein" an der Geschwister-Scholl-Schule in Blieskastel. 2019 wurde in Österreich die Installation "Unvergessen – Ungebrochen" an der Gedenkstätte KZ Loibl der Öffentlichkeit übergeben.

Ausstellungen
Kimotos erste Einzelausstellungen erfolgten 1972 in der Galerie Elitzer Saarbrücken und der Galerie Schneider-Sato in Karlsruhe. 1988 wurde Kimoto anlässlich der Eröffnung des Neunkircher Bürgerhauses eine Ausstellung gewidmet. Dies war der Beginn einer Ausstellungsreihe namens "anstösse", die von Oberbürgermeister Peter Neuber initialisiert wurde.

 1973: Galerie Studio 68, Speyer
 1974: Kunstkontor Blank, Marburg
 1975: Kunstverein Gütersloh
 1976: Rheinisch-Westfälische Auslandsgesellschaft, Dortmund / Asia-Haus, Saarbrücken / Galerie Faber, Fulda
 1977: Kunsthaus Blank, Marburg
 1980: Galerie Im Zwinger, St. Wendel / Kunsthaus Blank, Marburg / Asia-Haus, Frankfurt
 1981: Galerie Vanille, Emmerich
 1981/82: Evangelische Akademie, Bad Boll
 1982: Galerie Spectrum, Frankfurt
 1983: Rathaus Neunkirchen
 1984: Rosengalerie, Bielefeld / Art Gallery, Luxemburg
 1985: Galerie am Graben, Fulda / Hohaus-Museum, Lauterbach / Schlossgalerie, Bonn / Kunstwerkstatt Würzburg
 1987: Landratsamt Wetzlar / Saarländisches Künstlerhaus, Saarbrücken
 1988: Galerie im Bürgerhaus, Neunkirchen
 1991: Saarländisches Künstlerhaus, Saarbrücken
 1994: Galerie Simoncini, Luxemburg / Galerie 48, Saarbrücken / Bosener Mühle, Bosen
 1995: Museum St. Wendel / Wohnkunst-Galerie, Karlsruhe / Galerie im Hof, St. Wendel / VSE Saarbrücken
 1996: Galerie im Hof, St. Wendel
 1997: Galerie Simoncini, Luxemburg / Galerie 48, Saarbrücken
 1998: Galerie im Alten Schloss, Dillingen
 1999: Galerie in der Alten Brauerei, St. Ingbert
 2000: Galerie Rathaus Völklingen
 2002: Rathaus-Galerie Saarwellingen
 2003: Galerie Simoncini, Luxembourg / Gedenkstätte Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Berlin
 2004: Kreuzgang Dominikanerkirche St. Blasius, Regensburg
 2005: Robert-Schuman-Haus, Katholische Akademie Trier
 2006: Galerie TU Kaiserslautern / KZ Mauthausen
 2007: Retrospektive, Altes Schloss Dillingen / Rood MediArt, Luxemburg
 2008: Drei Ansichten, Gewerblich-Technisches Bildungszentrum Saarbrücken
 2009: Kalligrafie-Ausstellung VHS Kaiserslautern / Quer/SCHNITT, Saar-Pfalz-Park, Bexbach
 2015: Centre européen du résistant déporté, Struthof (Gemeinschaftsausstellung)
 2018: Städtische Galerie Neunkirchen

Werke
 Bonsai Menschen. Queisser Verlagsgesellschaft, Lebach 1983. ISBN 3-921815-48-7,
 Halbe Wahrheit, ganze Lüge: Sätze & Gegensätze. Mit Michael Raus. mediArt, Luxemburg 2007, ISBN 978-2-9599749-0-8. (Kalligrafie)

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

Einzelnachweise

Kalligraf (Deutschland)
Bildhauer (Deutschland)
Bildender Künstler (Saarland)
Person (Neunkirchen, Saar)
Deutscher
Japaner
Geboren 1937
Gestorben 2022
Mann
Japanischer Emigrant in Deutschland

Seiji Kimoto


روبرت مايلارت (6 فبراير 1872 - 5 أبريل 1940)، مهندس مدني سويسري هو الذي أحدث ثورة في الخرسانة المسلحة.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

علماء سويسريون في القرن 20
معماريون سويسريون
مهندسو إنشاءات
مهندسو جسور
مهندسون سويسريون في القرن 20
مهندسون في القرن 20
مهندسون مدنيون سويسريون
مواليد 1872
مواليد في برن
وفيات 1940
وفيات في جنيف

روبرت مايلارت


مقاطعة دالارناس هي إحدى مقاطعات السويد عاصمتها مدينة فالون وتنقسم إلى 15 بلديات.

مراhttps://www.wikiwand.com/ar/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3جع

تأسيسات سنة 1634 في السويد
دالارنا
دول وأقاليم أسست في 1634
دالارناس
مقاطعة دالارنا

مقاطعة دالرناس


Lee County er navnet på 12 counties i USA:

 Lee County, Alabama
 Lee County, Arkansas
 Lee County, Florida
 Lee County, Georgia
 Lee County, Illinois
 Lee County, Iowa
 Lee County, Kentucky
 Lee County, Mississippi
 Lee County, North Carolina
 Lee County, South Carolina
 Lee County, Texas
 Lee County, Virginia

Lee County


Frankenweenie is a 1984 American science fiction comedy horror featurette directed by Tim Burton and written by him and Leonard Ripps. It is both a parody and homage to the 1931 film Frankenstein based on Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. Burton later directed a feature-length stop-motion animated remake, released in 2012.

Plot
Victor Frankenstein is a young boy who creates movies starring his dog, Sparky (a Bull Terrier, whose name is a reference to the use of electricity in the film). After Sparky is hit by a car and killed, Victor learns at school about electrical impulses in muscles and is inspired to bring his pet back to life. He creates elaborate machines in his attic which brings down a bolt of lightning that revives the dog. Victor is pleased, but when the Frankensteins decide to introduce the revitalized Sparky to his neighbors, they become angry and terrified.

Sparky runs away, with Victor in pursuit. They find themselves at a local miniature golf course and hide in its flagship windmill. The Frankensteins' neighbors, now an angry mob, arrive on the scene, and when they attempt to use a cigarette lighter to try to see into the windmill, it is accidentally set on fire. Victor falls and is knocked out, but Sparky rescues him from the flames, only to be crushed by the burning windmill. The neighbors, realizing their error, use their cars and jumper cables to "recharge" Sparky. He is revived, and all celebrate. Sparky falls in love with a poodle whose fur bears a strong resemblance to the hairdo of the Bride of Frankenstein and the film ends with Sparky's electricity making the words, "The End" and it becomes still.

Cast
 Barret Oliver as Victor Frankenstein, a young boy expert in science who is sad after his dog's death.
 Shelley Duvall as Susan Frankenstein, Victor's mother.
 Daniel Stern as Ben Frankenstein, Victor's father.
 Joseph Maher as Mr. Chambers
 Roz Braverman as Mrs. Epstein
 Paul Bartel as Mr. Walsh
 Sofia Coppola as Anne Chambers
 Jason Hervey as Frank Dale
 Paul C. Scott as Mike Anderson
 Helen Boll as Mrs. Curtis
 Rusty James as Raymond
 Sparky as Himself: Victor's dog. He dies and gets reanimated by Victor.

Home media
This short was included in the Special Edition, Collector's Edition, and Blu-ray 3D releases of The Nightmare Before Christmas and on the Blu-ray release of its remake.

Controversy
Burton was fired by Disney after the film was completed, as the studio claimed that he had been wasting company resources and felt the film was not suitable for the targeted young audiences. The short was originally planned to be released alongside the summer re-release of The Jungle Book, but its release was rescheduled with the Christmas re-release of Pinocchio on December 21, 1984. Although the film was subsequently shelved, the film played in UK cinemas in 1985 in front of Touchstone Films' Baby: Secret of the Lost Legend. Following the success of Burton's later films Pee-wee's Big Adventure, Beetlejuice, Batman, and Edward Scissorhands, the film was given a home video release in 1992. It was released as an extra, along with Vincent, on The Nightmare Before Christmas DVD, Blu-ray and UMD, as well as the 2000 VHS.

Remake

Disney and Tim Burton produced a full-length remake using stop motion animation, which was released on October 5, 2012 in Disney Digital 3D and IMAX 3D. The original film is included as a bonus feature on the Blu-ray home video release.

References

External links

1984 films
1984 comedy horror films
1984 fantasy films
1984 short films
1980s science fiction comedy films
1980s science fiction horror films
1980s parody films
American black-and-white films
American fantasy films
Films about dogs
Films about pets
Frankenstein films
American horror short films
Resurrection in film
Walt Disney Pictures films
Short films directed by Tim Burton
Disney short films
Films scored by Michael Convertino
Films scored by David Newman
Films set in the 1960s
Films shot in Los Angeles
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
Horror featurettes

Frankenweenie (1984 film)


Baron Brain, of Eynsham in the County of Oxford, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 26 January 1962 for the physician and neurologist Sir Russell Brain, 1st Baronet. He had already been created a Baronet, of Reading in the County of Berkshire, on 29 June 1954.  the titles are held by his youngest son, the third Baron, who succeeded in that year. He is a retired physician and a former Professor of Medicine at McMaster University, Canada.

Barons Brain (1962—)

   Walter Russell Brain, 1st Baron Brain (1895–1966)
  Christopher Langdon Brain, 2nd Baron Brain (1926–2014)
  Michael Cottrell Brain, 3rd Baron Brain (1928—)
 (1) Hon. Thomas Russell Brain (1965—)

The heir apparent and sole heir to the peerage is the present holder's son, the Hon. Thomas Russell Brain (born 1965).

Notes

References
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1962

Baron Brain


El escudo de armas de Santo Domingo es el símbolo heráldico que representa a la ciudad y al cantón homónimo. Se lo creó el 20 de junio de 1979 en la Sala de sesiones del Concejo Cantonal de Santo Domingo de los Colorados.

El escudo es un triángulo equilátero de líneas curvas, que simboliza el equilibrio de clima y el relieve irregular del cantón, el enlace de regiones y la unidad de los ecuatorianos. El campo del Escudo con la punta de color azul, la imagen de un tsáchila y el fondo en esmalte oro, insinúa el tricolor patrio. Las borduras diestra en rojo y siniestra en verde, representan el estandarte del cantón y la superior en blanco representa los nevados y lleva la leyenda "Santo Domingo de los Colorados". Un mechón de caña guadúa sobre la punta azul representa la fecundidad del suelo. La tea encendida en colores de Pichincha y doblegada por el viento hacia la derecha, que se muestra encima del escudo con terminal debajo del mismo, significa el ideal puro que tiene Santo Domingo.

Referencias

Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas2

Escudo de Santo Domingo (Ecuador)


Bonden - om en kollektiv familie på landet er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1974, der er instrueret af Per B. Rasmussen efter eget manuskript. Filmen hører sammen med de to andre film om Indien: Familien - om bolig- og levevilkår i Bombay og Landsbyen - om et kasteløst samfund.

Handling
Bondefamilien Shinde i staten Maharashtra består af tre voksne brødre, som med deres koner og børn lever i et traditionelt storfamiliemønster. Familien hører ikke til landsbyens rigeste bønder, men er heller ikke forarmet. Der er en helt klar arbejds- og ansvarsfordeling mellem familiemedlemmerne, og familiens ønsker og behov går forud for den enkeltes. Den ældste brors to voksne sønner studerer hhv. landbrug og mekanik af hensyn til gårdens fremtid, men spørgsmålet er, om de vil kunne acceptere familiemønstret fremover.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Indien
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1974


Nuqat al Khams ( Nuqāṭ al Ḫams) is one of the districts of Libya.  It is in the northwest of the country, in what had been the historical region of Tripolitania. Its capital is Zuwara. Nuqat al Khams has a northern shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea. To the west, it borders the Medenine Governorate of Tunisia. Domestically, it borders the districts of Zawiya to the east, Jabal al Gharbi to the southeast, and Nalut to the southwest. Nuqat al Khams is a part of the Tripolitania geographical region of Libya.

Per the census of 2012, the total population in the region was 157,747 with 150,353 Libyans. In total, there were 22,713 households in the district, with 20,907 households belonging to Libyans.  The population density of the district was 1.86 persons per sq. km. The Al-Watiya Air Base is located here.

Geography
In the north, Nuqat al Khams has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea.  To the west, it borders the Medenine Governorate of Tunisia.  Domestically, it borders Zawiya in the east, Jabal al Gharbi in the southeast and Nalut in the southwest. Nuqat al Khams is a part of Triplotania geographical region of Libya that runs from north to south. It has a set of coastal oases, plains, and limestone plateaus having an elevation of  to . The region receives an annual rainfall of . There are no perennial rivers in the region, but groundwater aquifers are abundant. Along the coastal region, the climate is Mediterranean; elsewhere, it is desert. Dust storms lasting four to eight days are common during spring. The northwest region of Libya including Nuqat al Khams is called Tripolitania, the east is referred to as Cyrenaica, and Fezzen is in the southwest.

Demographics
Per the census of 2012, the total population in the region was 157,747 with 150,353 Libyans. The size of the average Libyan household in the country was 6.9, with the average household size of non-Libyans being 3.7. There were 22,713 households in the district, with 20,907 identifying as Libyan. The population density of the district was 1.86 persons per sq. km. Per 2006 census, there were in total 111,646 economically active people in the district. There were 64,359 government employees, 3,680 employers, 32,901 first level workers and 697 second level workers. There were 22,669 workers in state administration, 6,201 in agriculture, animal husbandry, and forestry, 6,053 in agriculture & hunting, 36,296 in education, 6,634 in private enterprise, 4,682 in health & social work, 6,463 in production, 36,215 in technical work and 1,216 service workers. The total enrollment in schools was 87,319 and the number of people above secondary stage was 4,254. As per the report from World Health Organization (WHO), there were no communicable disease centres, one dental clinic, four general clinics, eight in-patient clinics, 18 out-patient clinics, 64 pharmacies, 80 PHC centres, one polyclinic, and no rural clinics or specialized clinics.

Administration
With the creation of the shabiyah system, Nuqat al Khams was reduced in size. Libya became independent in 1951 from the colonial empire; with independence it became known for its rich oil resources. As a part of decentralization in 2012, the country is administratively split into 13 regions from the original 25 municipalities, which were further divided in 1,500 communes. As of 2016, there were 22 administrative divisions in the country in the form of districts.

References

+

Nuqat al Khams


Em álgebra linear, a identidade de polarização expressa um produto interno de um espaço normado em função de sua norma. Se uma norma surge de um produto interno, então a identidade de polarização pode ser usada para expressar esse produto interno inteiramente em termos da norma.

A norma gerada por um produto interno, satisfaz a  lei do paralelogramo: . De fato, como observado por John von Neumann, a lei do paralelogramo caracteriza as normas que surgem de produtos internos. Explicitamente, se  é um espaço normado, então:

A lei do paralelogramo vale para norma  se e somente se existe um produto interno  em  tal que  para todo

Identidades de polarização
Um produto interno, em um espaço vetorial, gera uma norma por meio da seguinte relação:

Com a identidade de polarização a relação é invertida:  é possível obter um produto interno de uma norma.
Todo produto interno satisfaz:

Espaços vetoriais reais
Se o espaço vetorial é sobre os números reais, então as identidades de polarização são definidas por:

Essas formas são todas equivalentes por conta da lei do paralelogramo:

Espaços vetoriais complexos
Para o espaço vetorial complexo, as identidades de polarização devem considerar a parte imaginária do produto interno. A parte complexa do produto interno depende se é antilinear no primeiro ou no segundo argumento. A notação  que é comumente usada em física será assumida como antilinear no primeiro argumento enquanto  que é comumente usado em matemática, será considerada antilinear no segundo argumento. Elas estão relacionados pela fórmula:

A parte real de qualquer produto interno (independente de qual argumento é antilinear ou se é real ou complexo) é uma função bilinear simétrica que para qualquer  é sempre igual a:

É sempre uma função simétrica, ou seja:

e também satisfaz:

Portanto , em outras palavras, mover um fator de  para o outro argumento adiciona um sinal negativo.

Diferente da sua parte real, a parte imaginária de um produto interno complexo depende de qual argumento é antilinear.

Antilinear no primeiro argumento
Para o produto interno  antilinear no primeiro argumento, para todo

A penúltima igualdade é semelhante a fórmula que expressa o funcional linear  em termos de sua parte real:

Antilinear no segundo argumento
Para o produto interno  que é antilinear no segundo argumento, segue de pela relação:

Então para quaisquer

Essa expressão pode reescrita como:

Portanto se  denota as partes real e imaginária de um produto interno no ponto  do seu domínio, então sua parte imaginária será:

em que o escalar  está sempre localizado no mesmo argumento que o produto interno é antilinear.

Reconstruindo o produto interno
Seja  um espaço normado que satisfaz a lei do paralelogramo:

então existe um único produto interno  em  tal que  para todo

Outra condição necessária e suficiente para existir um produto interno que induz uma norma dada é que a norma satisfaça a desigualdade de Ptolomeu:

Aplicações e consequências
Se é um espaço de Hilbert complexo, então  é real se, e somente se, sua parte complexa é  o que acontece se, e somente se,  Similarmente,  é imaginário puro se, e somente se,  Por exemplo, de  conclui-se que  é real e que  é imaginário puro.

Isometrias
Se  é uma isometria linear entre dois espaços de Hilbert (logo  para todo ), entãoou seja, isometrias linear preservam o produto interno.

Se  é uma isometria antilinear, então

Relação com a lei dos cossenos
A segunda forma da identidade de polarização pode ser escrita como:Essencialmente, essa é uma forma vetorial da lei dos cossenos para o triângulo formado pelos vetores , e . Em particular,em que  é o ângulo entre os vetores  e .

Dedução
A relação básica entre a norma e o produto escalar é dada pela equação:então,similarmente,As formas (1) e (2) da identidade de polarização são obtidas resolvendo essas equações para u · v, enquanto a forma (3) é obtida subtraindo essas duas equações (somando-as obtém-se a lei do paralelogramo).

Notas e referências

Referências

Notas

Bibliografia

Álgebra linear
Análise funcional
Álgebra abstrata

Identidade de polarização


Noragugume (sardisk: Noragùgume) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Nuoro i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 288 meters højde og har 311 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 26,73 km² og grænser til kommunerne Bolotana, Dualchi, Ottana, Sedilo og Silanus.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Nuoro

Noragugume


Le Myrtle Beach Bowl 2021 est un match de football américain de niveau universitaire joué après la saison régulière de 2021, le  au  situé à Conway dans l'État de la Caroline du Sud aux États-Unis.

Il s'agit de la  édition du Myrtle Beach  Bowl et le match met en présence l'équipe des Monarchs d'Old Dominion issue de la Conference USA et l'équipe des Golden Hurricane de Tulsa issue de la American Athletic Conference.

Il débute à  locales et est retransmis à la télévision par ESPN.

Tulsa gagne le match sur le score de 30 à 17.

Présentation du match

Il s'agit de la première rencontre entre ces deux équipes.

Monarchs d'Old Dominion

Avec un bilan global en saison régulière de 6 victoires et 6 défaites (5-3 en matchs de conférence), Old Dominion est éligible et accepte l'invitation pour participer au Myrtle Bowl de 2021.

Ils terminent  de la Division Est de la Conference USA derrière Western Kentucky et Marshall.

À l'issue de la saison 2020, ils n'apparaissent pas dans les classements CFP, AP et Coaches.

Il s'agit de leur première apparition au Myrtle Beach Bowl.

Golden Hurricane de Tulsa

Avec un bilan global en saison régulière de 6 victoires et 6 défaites ( en matchs de conférence), Tulsa est éligible et accepte l'invitation pour participer au Myrtle Bowl de 2021.

Ils terminent  de l'American Athletic Conference derrière #4 Cincinnati, #20 Houston, UCF et East Carolina.

À l'issue de la saison 2020, ils n'apparaissent pas dans les classements CFP, AP et Coaches.

Il s'agit de leur première apparition au Myrtle Beach  Bowll.

Résumé du match

Articles connexes
 Culture du football américain
 Football américain universitaire aux États-Unis
 Lexique du football américain et canadien
 Liste des College Bowls de football américain
 Championnat NCAA de football américain
 Championnat NCAA de football américain 2021

Lien Externe

  Site Officiel

Notes et références

2021
Monarchs d'Old Dominion
Golden Hurricane de Tulsa
Bowl universitaire américain en décembre 2021

Myrtle Beach Bowl 2021


Die Auburn City Hall ist das Rathaus der Stadt Auburn (Alabama).

Es wurde 1933 als eine Filiale des United States Postal Service errichtet. 1992 erwarb die Stadt Auburn das Gebäude und baute es 2001 zum Rathaus um. Es wurde 1983 in das National Register of Historic Places eingetragen.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Einträge im National Register of Historic Places im Lee County (Alabama)

City Hall
Bauwerk im Lee County (Alabama)
Erbaut in den 1930er Jahren
Denkmal im National Register of Historic Places (Alabama)
Postamt in den Vereinigten Staaten
Rathaus in den Vereinigten Staaten
Postgebäude in den Vereinigten Staaten
Standort der Kommunalverwaltung
Umgenutztes Bauwerk in den Vereinigten Staaten

Auburn City Hall


Gianni Manera (* 18. Februar 1940 in Asmara, Eritrea; † 10. Juni 2013 in Rom) war ein italienischer Schauspieler und Filmregisseur.

Leben
Manera spielte zwischen 1959 und 1968 einige Nebenrollen in Kinofilmen, manchmal unter der anglisierten Form John Manera seines Namens, und inszenierte nach eigenem Drehbuch 1969 La lunga ombra del lupo, in dem er auch die Hauptrolle übernahm. Der Film führte zu einer Anklage gegen ihn wegen angeblichen "Aufrufs zur Bildung einer bewaffneten Gruppe". Fünf Jahre später folgte ein Kriminalfilm, dann ein Mafiastreifen, der durch Finanzierungsprobleme über drei Jahre hinweg immer wieder unterbrochen werden musste, da Manera als einer der ersten italienischen Regisseure seine Filme unabhängig finanzierte. Ein 1999 gedrehter letzter Film blieb gar ganz ohne Veröffentlichung. Er lebte später in Peru. Die Sängerin Alma Manera ist seine Tochter.

Filmografie (Auswahl)

Schauspieler
 1960: Wettlauf mit dem Henker (Chiamate 22-22, tenente Sheridan)
 1965: Ein General und noch zwei Trottel (Due marines e un generale)
 1966: Computer für Mord (A.D.3 operazione Squalo Bianco)
 1966: Django – Die Geier stehen Schlange (7 Dollari sul rosso)
 1968: Crisantemi per un branco di carogne (& Drehbuch)
 1973: Auch Killer müssen sterben (La mano nera)

Regisseur
 1969: La lunga ombra del lupo (& Buch, Darsteller)
 1974: Ordine firmato in bianco (& Buch)
 1981: Gefährliche Zeugen (Cappotto di legno) (& Buch, Darsteller)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Filmregisseur
Drehbuchautor
Italiener
Geboren 1940
Gestorben 2013
Mann

Gianni Manera


Mario Brian Chitaroni (* 11. Juni 1967 in Cobalt, Ontario) ist ein ehemaliger italo-kanadischer Eishockeyspieler, der in seiner aktiven Zeit von 1984 bis 2009 unter anderem für die Eisbären Berlin und Nürnberg Ice Tigers in der Deutschen Eishockey Liga gespielt hat.

Karriere
Mario Chitaroni begann seine Karriere als Eishockeyspieler bei den Sudbury Wolves, für die er von 1984 bis 1987 in der kanadischen Juniorenliga Ontario Hockey League aktiv war. Anschließend spielte der Angreifer drei Jahre lang für die Flint Spirits in der International Hockey League, wobei er in seinem dritten Profijahr überwiegend für die New Haven Nighthawks in der American Hockey League zum Einsatz kam. Von 1989 bis 1993 spielte er für den HC Alleghe in der italienischen Serie A1. Mit seiner Mannschaft gewann er in der Saison 1992/93 die Alpenliga. Im Anschluss an diesen Erfolg wechselte er innerhalb der Serie A1 zum HC Devils Milano, mit dem er in der Saison 1993/94 auf Anhieb Italienischer Meister wurde. Zur Saison 1994/95 kehrte er in nach Nordamerika in die IHL zurück und spielte dort für die Houston Aeros. Daraufhin wurde er von AS Varese Hockey verpflichtet, mit dem er 1995 nach einem 4:3-Finalsieg über den HK Metallurg Magnitogorsk aus Russland den IIHF Federation Cup gewann.

Von 1996 bis 2000 spielte Chitaroni für die Eisbären Berlin in der Deutschen Eishockey Liga. Die folgenden beiden Spielzeiten verbrachte er bei deren Ligarivalen Nürnberg Ice Tigers. Von 2002 bis 2007 lief er für den HC Milano Vipers in der Serie A1 auf und wurde mit der Mannschaft in den ersten vier Spielzeiten jeweils Italienischer Meister. In den Jahren 2004 und 2005 gewann er mit den Vipers zudem die Coppa Italia sowie 2006 die Supercoppa Italiana. Zuletzt trat der Italo-Kanadier von 2007 bis 2009 für seinen Ex-Klub HC Alleghe in der Serie A1 an.

International
Für Italien nahm Chitaroni an den Weltmeisterschaften der Division I 2004 und 2005 sowie den Weltmeisterschaften 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2007 und 2008 teil. Zudem stand er im Aufgebot seines Landes bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 2006 in Turin.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen

International
 2005 Aufstieg in die Top-Division bei der Weltmeisterschaft der Division I

DEL-Statistik

Weblinks

Eishockeynationalspieler (Italien)
Eishockeyspieler (Sudbury Wolves)
Eishockeyspieler (Houston Aeros, IHL)
Eishockeyspieler (New Haven Nighthawks)
Eishockeyspieler (HC Alleghe)
Eishockeyspieler (HC Varese)
Eishockeyspieler (HC Devils Milano)
Eishockeyspieler (Eisbären Berlin)
Eishockeyspieler (Flint Spirits)
Eishockeyspieler (Nürnberg Ice Tigers)
Eishockeyspieler (HC Milano Vipers)
Olympiateilnehmer (Italien)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1998
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 2006
Italienischer Meister (Eishockey)
Kanadier
Italiener
Geboren 1967
Mann

Mario Chitaroni


Bullers albatros () er en newzealandsk stormfugl, der lever på Stillehavet.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Fugle fra New Zealand
Stillehavets fugle
Stormfugle

Bullers albatros


Tabitha St. Germain (cunoscută anterior ca Paulina Gillis Germain, Tabitha sau Kitanou St. Germain; ) este o actriță și cântăreață canadiană.

Nașteri în 1976
Cântărețe canadiene
Oameni în viață

Tabitha St. Germain


USS Matanikau (CVE-101) was a  of the United States Navy. She was named after the Actions along the Matanikau, a series of engagements during the Guadalcanal campaign. Built for service during World War II, the ship was launched in May 1944, and commissioned in June, and served as a training and transport carrier. Notably, some 1,332 aviators earned their qualifications on-board the carrier. Postwar, she participated in Operation Magic Carpet. She was decommissioned in October 1946, when she was mothballed in the Pacific Reserve Fleet. Ultimately, she was sold for scrapping in July 1960.

Design and description

Matanikau was a Casablanca-class escort carrier, the most numerous type of aircraft carriers ever built, and designed specifically to be mass-produced using prefabricated sections, in order to replace heavy war losses in the early engagements of the Pacific War. Standardized with her sister ships, she was  long overall, had a beam of , and a draft of . She displaced  standard,  with a full load. She had a  long hangar deck and a  long flight deck. She was powered with two Skinner Unaflow reciprocating steam engines, which drove two shafts, providing , thus enabling her to make . The ship had a cruising range of  at a speed of . Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one each fore and aft.

One /38 caliber dual-purpose gun was mounted on the stern. Anti-aircraft defense was provided by 8 Bofors  anti-aircraft guns in single mounts, as well as 12 Oerlikon  cannons, which were mounted around the perimeter of the deck. By the end of the war, Casablanca-class carriers had been modified to carry thirty 20-mm cannons, and the amount of 40-mm guns had been doubled to sixteen, by putting them into twin mounts. These modifications were in response to increasing casualties due to kamikaze attacks. Casablanca-class escort carriers were designed to carry 27 aircraft, but the hangar deck could accommodate more.

Construction
Her construction was awarded to Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington under a Maritime Commission contract, on 18 June 1942, under the name Dolomi Bay, as part of a tradition which named escort carriers after bays or sounds in Alaska. The escort carrier was laid down on 10 March 1944, MC hull 1138, the forty-seventh of a series of fifty Casablanca-class escort carriers. She therefore received the classification symbol CVE-101. On 26 April 1944, she was renamed Matanikau, as part of a new naval policy which named subsequent Casablanca-class carriers after naval or land engagements. She was named after the Actions along the Matanikau, a series of engagements conducted as part of the larger Guadalcanal campaign. She was launched on 22 May 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Margaret Anna McLaren Grant, the wife of United States Representative Robert A. Grant; transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 24 June 1944, with Captain William Lawrence Erdmann in command.

Service history

World War II

Upon being commissioned, Matanikau underwent a shakedown cruise down the West Coast to San Diego, arriving on 25 July. She then underwent a transport mission, taking on 191 passengers and 56 aircraft. She departed on 1 August, bound for the South Pacific. She stopped at Espiritu Santo and Finschhafen, before arriving at Manus Island on 23 August. There, she discharged the rest of her cargo, and took on a load of 112 passengers and 41 damaged aircraft, ferrying them back to the West Coast. She arrived back at San Diego on 19 September. This transport mission would be the farthest west that she would ever sail during the course of the war. On 14 August, she took on Composite Squadron 93 (VC-93), and began pilot qualifications, serving as a training carrier off the California coast. She continued these duties for eight months, qualifying an impressive amount of aviators. Between January and June 1945, 1,332 pilots earned their qualifications onboard Matanikau, and 12,762 landings were conducted on her flight deck during this period. For example, on 25 May 1945, Marine Torpedo Bombing Squadrons 454 and 321 (CVS-454 and CVS-321) made 602 landings throughout the day. During her period as a training carrier, Captain Francis Benedict Johnson took over command of the vessel, a position that he would hold for the rest of the war.

She finished her duties as a training carrier, and departed San Diego on 28 July, yet again as a transport carrier, with 158 personnel and 68 aircraft being transported to the Marshall Islands. She arrived at Roi-Namur on 10 August, where she unloaded her cargo. She then reported to Pearl Harbor on 16 August. Whilst in Hawaii, news of the Japanese surrender broke. On 31 August, she departed Pearl Harbor, bound for the West Pacific, where she would support U.S. forces in their Occupation of Japan. She was assigned to the Ninth Fleet, and arrived at Ōminato Guard District on 11 September. She operated off the west coast of Japan, covering landings by U.S. forces, including the Eighth Army at Aomori on 25 September. Following the landings, she steamed south, and departed Tokyo Bay on 30 September, making stops at Guam and Pearl Harbor, before arriving back at San Francisco on 23 October.

At San Francisco, she joined the Operation Magic Carpet fleet, which repatriated U.S. servicemen from around the Pacific. She left the West Coast on 3 November, and steamed for Saipan, where she embarked more than a thousand personnel. She returned to California on 19 November, before making another run to the Marshalls between 21 November and 5 December. On 11 December, she once again departed, this time for the Marianas Islands, and as part of an operation independent of Operation Magic Carpet. She arrived at Guam on 27 December, where she took on a load of 795 troops of the 3rd Marine Division, and dropped them off at the Taku Forts, near Tianjin. There, the marines served in an advisory role, supporting the Kuomintang Republic of China in the Chinese Civil War.

She left for the United States on 9 January 1946, and returned to port in San Diego on 29 January. She departed for Tacoma, Washington on 1 February, arriving on the 5th for inactivation. There, she was moored for the next eight months, before being decommissioned on 11 October. She was mothballed as part of the Pacific Reserve Fleet, and she was reclassified as an escort helicopter aircraft carrier, CVHE-101 on 15 June 1955. She was reclassified as an aircraft ferry with the designation of AKV-36  on 7 May 1959. She was struck from the Navy list on 1 April 1960 and she was sold on 27 July 1960 to Jacq. Pierot, Jr. & Sons, New York for scrapping.

References

Sources

Online sources

Bibliography

External links

Casablanca-class escort carriers
World War II escort aircraft carriers of the United States
Ships built in Vancouver, Washington
1944 ships
S4-S2-BB3 ships

USS Matanikau


An Carex kucyniakii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Louis-Florent-Marcel Raymond. An Carex kucyniakii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex kucyniakii


1451, 15. yüzyılda Jülyen takvimine göre cuma günü başlayan yıllardan birisidir.

Olaylar
 3 Şubat - Fatih Sultan Mehmet ikinci kez tahta çıktı.
 Glasgow Üniversitesi kuruldu.

Doğumlar
 22 Nisan - I. Isabel, Kastilya ve Aragon kraliçesi (ö. 1504)
 10 Temmuz - III. James, İskoçya kralı (ö. 1488)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Josquin des Prez, Fransız-Flaman bir Rönesans dönemi müzik bestecisi (ö. 1521)
 Kemal Reis, II. Bayezid devrinde yaşayan Türk denizci (ö. 1511)
 Kristof Kolomb, Cenovalı kaşif, gezgin ve sömürgeci, Amerika kıtasına ulaşan ilk kâşif (ö. 1506)
 Şeybanî Han, Şeybanî Hanlığı'nın Özbek hanı (ö. 1510)

Ölümler
 7 Ocak - VIII. Amadeus, Savoy Dükü (d. 1383)
 3 Şubat - II. Murad, 6. Osmanlı Padişahı (d. 1404)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 II. Müstekfî, Abbasi hanedanına mensup İslam halifesi
 İbn Arabşah, Arap din ve tarih bilgini (d. 1389)
 Stefan Lochner, Gotik ressam (d. 1400)

1451


Žurnal24 est un journal slovène, fondé en 2007. Distribué sous format papier entre 2007 et 2014, il devient ensuite exclusivement diffusé sur Internet.

Histoire

Création
Le groupe Žurnal media est créé en 2003 par le groupe de médias autrichiens . Le modèle de rédaction se veut assez différent de l'organisation traditionnelle de la salle de rédaction utilisé en Europe centrale. L'organisation retenue à Žurnal se veut plus proche des méthodes anglo-saxonnes de salle de rédaction centralisée, le bureau du marketing et le rédacteur en chef travaillant ensemble sur les contenus.

Le journal est lancé en octobre 2007, sous forme d'un journal quotidien gratuit. En même temps que le quotidien, le site est lancé. À cette période, environ 80 personnes produisent de l'information pour les différents canaux de communication de Žurnal.

En décembre 2008, l'organisation spatiale et fonctionnelle est revue afin de structurer une double gouvernance, avec d'une part le journal et d'autre part le site, présentant des contenus différents tout en partageant les informations. Le site permet ainsi une publication d'information en continu, alors que le journal publie des articles plus en profondeur permettant un recul vis-à-vis de l'immédiateté de l'information. Cette intégration avait été préparée depuis mars 2008, après avoir visité de nombreuses salles de presse européennes et américaines. Cette division permet de favoriser à la fois une émulation et une coopération entre les équipes, selon Goran Novković, alors rédacteur en chef du quotidien. Les journalistes d'alors confirment ces effets favorables, mais notent également des heurts et des résistances structurelles.

Difficultés économiques
En 2014, le journal est confronté à une crise qui entraîne le licenciement de toute l'équipe, soit 53 journalistes  et plus d'une centaine de personnes en comptant le personnel administratif et technique, ce plan social étant annoncé la veille aux salariés.

La faiblesse de marché publicitaire slovène est pointée comme raison principale de la fermeture du journal gratuit, les recettes ayant été surévaluées par l'investisseur styrien en 2007. Au total, les revenus de la société Žurnal media, baissent d'environ un million d'euros entre 2012 et 2013, atteignant 5,04 millions d'euros à cette date. Le magazine enregistre une perte de 1,6 million d'euros lors de cette dernière année.

Depuis sa création, le groupe Žurnal media a perdu environ quarante millions d'euros ; toutefois, il n'est pas endetté, les pertes ayant été couvertes par l'investisseur autrichien.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Delo
 Liste de journaux en Slovénie

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Titre de presse créé en 2007
Média en Slovénie
Presse écrite en slovène

Žurnal24


de Constantinople est évêque de  Constantinople vers 380.

Contexte
Maxime est brièvement  évêque de Constantinople. Il mentionné par Venance Grumel dans la liste des Patriarches de Constantinople publiée dans son ouvrage, qui place son épiscopat vers 380.

Bibliographie

Notes et références

Patriarche de Constantinople

Maxime Ier de Constantinople


Émilie ("Emilia") es una ópera en 9 escenas con música de la compositora finlandesa Kaija Saariaho y libreto en francés de Amin Maalouf. Se estrenó el 1 de marzo de 2010 en la Ópera de Lyon, Francia.

Historia

Karita Mattila, soprano finlandesa de envergadura international, asumió el rol titular en el estreno

En las estadísticas de Operabase aparece con tres representaciones en el período 2005-2010.

Argumento

Émilie reconstituye la vida de la marquesa Émilie du Châtelet, matemática, física y amante de Voltaire, y la primera mujer que estableció una reputación científica internacional, gracias a sus escritos sobre la ciencia del fuego y otros temas de física. La ópera, inspirada en los escritos de la marquesa, descubre sus pasiones humanas e intelectuales, en el contexto de la premonición de su muerte y del nacimiento de su hijo.

Enlaces externos

 Presentación de la obra en el sitio opera-lyon.com
 Relato del estreno de la ópera en el sitio ConcertoNet

Óperas de Kaija Saariaho
Óperas en francés
Óperas de 2010
Óperas estrenadas en Lyon
Emilie
Representaciones culturales de Voltaire

Émilie (ópera)


Kremenčuk () je grad u središnjoj Ukrajini, na obali rijeke Dnjepar. Sjedište je rajona Kremenčuk koji pripada Poltavskoj oblasti.

Stanovništvo
Prema procjenama iz 2022. godine grad Kremenčuk ima 215 271 stanovnika.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
  Službene stranice

Gradovi u Ukrajini

Kremenčuk


Grupa Zračna pumpa - Sekstant mala je grupacija u sazviježđima Hidra, Sekstant, Zračna pumpa i Lav. Općenito se smatra da je na samom rubu Mjesne skupine, a time i njezin dio. Međutim, drugi istraživači ukazuju da je to neovisna skupina, a time i grupa koja je najbliža Mjesnoj skupini. U prosjeku je udaljena približno 4,3 milijuna svjetlosnih godina od Mliječnog puta .

Članovi

Grupu Antlia-Sextans čini pet članova. Oni su NGC 3109, Sextans A, Sextans B, Antlia Dwarf, Leo P i Antlia B. Leo A je kandidat za člana, ali vrlo malo vjerojatno.

NGC 3109
NGC 3109 je najveći i dominantni član ove skupine, s promjerom od 25 000 svjetlosnih godina, promjerom od jedne petine do jedne četvrtine Mliječne staze. Bio je to prvi otkriveni član skupine, otkriven 1835. godine. Također je drugo najbliže Zemlji, na udaljenosti od 4,338 milijuna svjetlosnih godina. Smatralo se da je to nepravilna galaksija, ali sada se pretpostavlja da je možda zasutana spirala. Čini se da je to galaksija bez središnje jezgre. Na temelju spektroskopije plavih superdivova u NGC 3109, poznato je da galaksija ima nisku metalnost, sličnu onoj Malom Magelanovom oblaku . Jedna je od galaksija s najviše metala siromašnih u lokalnoj skupini, ako je uključena. Čini se da NGC 3109 sadrži neobično velik broj planetarnih maglica zbog svoje osvijetljenosti. Sadrži i značajnu količinu tamne tvari .

Mjerenjem neutralnog atomskog vodika u galaksiji utvrđeno je da je disk NGC 3109 iskrivljen.

Patuljak Antlia
Patuljak Antlia najmanja je i najbliža galaksija u skupini, promjera samo 1.500 svjetlosnih godina na udaljenosti od 4.28 milijuna svjetlosnih godina. Plin u galaksiji Antlia Patuljak ima istu radijalnu brzinu kao i osnova u disku NGC 3109, što ukazuje da su se dvije galaksije blisko susrele prije otprilike milijardu godina.

Sextans A
Sextans A ima promjer 5.000 svjetlosnih godina i kvadratnog je oblika i sadrži brojne nakupine zvijezda, smještene na udaljenosti od oko 4,31 milijuna svjetlosnih godina. Sextans A ima neobičan kvadratni oblik. Masivne kratkotrajne zvijezde eksplodirale su u supernovima što je uzrokovalo više formiranja zvijezda, što je pokrenulo još više supernova, što je u konačnici rezultiralo širenjem ljuske. Mlade plave zvijezde sada ističu područja i rubove ljuske visoko u trenutnom stvaranju zvijezda, što se iz perspektive promatrača na Zemlji čini otprilike kvadratno.  Teleskop Gran Telescopio Canarias od 10,4 metra nedavno je primijetio zvijezde tipa OB koje pokreću divovske regije HII. Sextans A stvorili su par s najudaljenijom galaksijom u grupi, Sextans B.

Sextans B
Sextans B je druga po veličini galaksija u skupini, s promjerom od 6000 svjetlosnih godina. Sextans B je najudaljeniji od Zemlje u grupi, udaljen je 4,44 milijuna svjetlosnih godina. Sextans B ima jednoliku zvjezdanu populaciju, ali međuzvjezdani medij u njemu može biti nehomogen. Njegova se masa procjenjuje na oko 2 × 10 8 puta veću masu Sunca, od čega je 5,5 × 10 7 u obliku atomskog vodika.  Čini se da je stvaranje zvijezda u galaksiji teklo u različitim razdobljima slabog intenziteta, odvojenim kraćim razdobljima bez aktivnosti.  Postojanje varijabli Cefeida u galaksiji implicira da Sextans B sadrži barem neke mlade zvijezde. Populacija i za Sekstant B je vrlo niska, s vrijednošću od približno Z = 0.001.  Sextans B povlači se s Mliječne staze brzinom od približno 300 kilometres per second (190 mi / s),  i vjerojatno leži tik izvan ruba Mjesne skupine, pa tako i njezin susjed Sextans A.

Pet planetarnih maglica identificirano je u Sextansu B, jednoj od najmanjih galaksija u kojoj su primijećene planetarne maglice. Oni se čine točkasti i mogu se prepoznati po njihovim spektralnim emisijskim linijama. Sadrži i masivni kuglasti skup .

Leo P.
Leo P je mala nepravilna galaksija otkrivena 2013. godine. Udaljeno je samo 0,4 Mpc od Sextansa B, pa se smatra članom ove skupine. Najudaljeniji je član od svih, s udaljenostom od 5,3 milijuna svjetlosnih godina.

Antlia B
Antlia B nedavno je otkrivena mala galaksija. Poznato je da je satelit NGC 3109.

Izvori

Galaktike

Grupa Zračna pumpa-Sekstant


Luis Díaz (ciclista)
 Luis Díaz (futebolista)
 Luis Díaz (piloto)

Desambiguação

Luis Díaz