Red Tornado is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. As the second character to assume the identity of Red Tornado, he is the result of an android being merged with a sentient tornado by T.O. Morrow.

Red Tornado appears in TV series Supergirl, portrayed by Iddo Goldberg.

Creation

Fox was interviewed about the characters creation stating, "The Red Tornado was a takeoff on a character (Ma Hunkel) from way back in the early '40s but she was a woman and we thought we'd bring a new version of the character in to get a new angle on a plot. I am certain that this idea was Julie's."

Publication history
Created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Dick Dillin, the sentient android Red Tornado first appeared in Justice League of America #64 (August 1968). The Red Tornado name had previously been used for comical superheroine Ma Hunkel, who was introduced in All-American Comics in 1939 as a supporting character in Scribbly the Boy Cartoonist. She started using the Red Tornado name in 1940.

The 1968 Red Tornado was a sentient android able to generate tornado-speed winds enabling it to fly and perform other wind-related feats. Originally a member of the Justice Society of America, it moved to another dimension and joined the Justice League of America. The Red Tornado's body was characteristically damaged or destroyed. It was retconned in 1981, briefly programmed with Ma Hunkel's memory (rather than being sentient) until an older alien supervillain (the Tornado Champion) inhabits the android body. In a 1984 retcon, the Tornado Champion never inhabited the android body. Instead, elemental air occupied the android. A 2011 reboot of the DC Comics universe, The New 52, eliminated the Red Tornado from DC Comics (although other characters have hinted at its existence).

Fictional character biography

Silver Age Red Tornado

Ulthoon, the Tornado Tyrant, and the Tornado Champion
The Red Tornado was formed with the merger of two entities: an android body created by supervillain T. O. Morrow and the Tornado Champion from the Earth-One planet Rann. The Tornado Champion was the morally good part of a sentient tornado on Rann. Known as Ulthoon, the Tornado Tyrant of Rann, this being was defeated by Adam Strange and "contemplated the nature of good and evil and decided that good was the superior force". Ulthoon is aware of Strange's adventure with the Justice League of America (JLA), and in a 1963 story decides to move to an uninhabited replica of Earth. Ulthoon takes on the form of the Justice League. Its evil side, later known as the Tornado Tyrant, emerges and defeats Ulthoon-Justice League. Determined to understand its failure, the Tornado Champion goes to Earth (where the Tornado Tyrant emerges again and defeats the real Justice League). In a second attack, the Justice League banishes the Tornado Tyrant to an "anti-matter universe" and (they believe) is destroyed. The Tornado Champion ends his experiment with a duplicate Earth and JLA, and decides to continue being a hero. This story is retconned in Justice League of America #193, where the Tornado Champion tells JLA member Firestorm that it alone traveled to Earth in 1963 to "recreate" its failed battle against the Tornado Tyrant. After learning how to defeat its evil half it returned to the replica Earth, defeated its evil half and banished it "forever".

The next step in the Red Tornado's evolution came in summer 1968, although the story was not published until 1981. The Tornado Champion, seeking an Earth where no one recognizes it, goes to the alternate dimension known in the DC Comics universe as Earth-Two. It encounters T.O. Morrow, a supervillain from Earth-One who is creating an android to use against the Justice Society of America. Morrow, attempting to dupe the JSA, gives the android Ma Hunkel's memory. The Tornado Champion enters the android's body, causing a short circuit in Morrow's computer which erases its memory.

Justice Society of America adventures
In 1968, Red Tornado appears at JSA headquarters on Earth-Two claiming to be the "original" Red Tornado. Although the JSA is suspicious, Red Tornado has all of Hunkel's memories. Morrow has other robots attack a museum and vaporize relics, and the JSA responds. Red Tornado, programmed to appear inept (and keep the JSA from realizing its true nature), exposes the JSA to the dust created by the vaporization and all except Doctor Fate fall into a coma. It then returns to Morrow's lair as programmed. Morrow's computer predicts that keeping Red Tornado active will allow Morrow to continue his criminal activity. Doctor Fate awakens the remaining JSA members from their coma, and Red Tornado betrays his fellow JSA members by telling them to use Morrow's energy weapons. The devices, rigged to explode, put the JSA and Red Tornado into a coma and Morrow returns to Earth-One to attack the Justice League. He puts the JLA into comas twice: once with energy duplicates and a second time with energy duplicates of their deadliest enemies. Red Tornado (who was not incapacitated by the energy backfire on Earth-Two) travels to Earth-One and revives the JLA members, who capture Morrow. It returns to Earth-Two and revives the JSA, which admits Red Tornado to full membership in gratitude.

With no Justice Society comic book published at the time, Red Tornado's appearances were limited to JSA-JLA collaborations. These were popular, and DC Comics usually published one a year. Red Tornado appeared again in 1969, traveling alone to Earth-One with a warning. The JLA ignores him as they battle a gang and try to save Hawkman, who has been turned into a pillar of salt. As the JLA battles the demons responsible, Red Tornado (investigating where they came from) unleashes a gas which restores Hawkman. It then delivers its message: Aquarius, a "living star", has wiped out the Earth-Two universe. Two weeks earlier, Doctor Fate protected the JSA and Black Canary's husband (police detective Larry Lance) in a magic bubble. The JLA rush into the Earth-Two universe and finding themselves in Doctor Fate's bubble. Aquarius forces the mind-controlled JSA to do battle against the JLA, but his hold over them is broken when Larry Lance sacrifices himself to save Black Canary. The JLA tricks Aquarius into entering an antimatter universe, where he is destroyed.

In the next JLA-JSA collaboration, Red Tornado is captured by an alien known as Creator2. Creator2, who wants to merge Earth-One and Earth-Two into a paradise, uses Red Tornado (who has been in both dimensions) to "anchor" this effort. Creator2's servants incapacitate several JSA members, but the dimensions are already merging and several JLA members are rendered comatose. The Earth-One Green Lantern and the Atom realize that Red Tornado is controlled by Creator2. With the help of Spectre (not a JSA member), Doctor Fate, Johnny Thunder and Thunderbolt free Red Tornado and end the threat (although Spectre is presumed dead).

Red Tornado has a final mission with the JSA in 1972. The JLA is being visited by Elongated Man, Metamorpho, Zatanna and Wonder Woman when the JSA calls for help. The JLA discovers that Nebula Man has created a planet-sized magic metal fist which is crushing Earth-Two. The heroes contact Oracle, a super-being with vast knowledge, who tells them that only the Seven Soldiers of Victory (SSV) can defeat Nebula Man. However, he scattered them through time and the JSA and JLA begin rescuing them. An old SSV opponent, Iron Hand (also known as The Hand), is behind Nebula Man's attack. When the last of the Seven Soldiers is retrieved, the JSA and JLA learn that Wing (the Crimson Avenger's sidekick) died saving the SSV from Nebula Man with a secret weapon. JLA's Wonder Woman defeats Iron Hand, but the device controlling Nebula Man is smashed and he cannot prevent Earth-Two's destruction. After the SSV recreate their weapon, Red Tornado takes the device into orbit; it detonates, killing him.

Early Justice League of America adventures
Red Tornado makes his first appearance on Earth-One in April 1973, a year after the character's apparent death. Elongated Man joins the JLA and leads the league in investigating a group of pliable, putty-like men who are assembling a super-weapon. Several JLA members are saved by a mysterious individual who turns out to be Red Tornado. Red Tornado did not die in the explosion, but was hurled into the Earth-One dimension. His face was damaged, and his memory temporarily lost. He believes that a blind hermit remolded his face (which penciller Dick Dillin made more human-like), regained his memories after several months. He cannot return to the Earth-Two universe. The "blind hermit" turns out to be T.O. Morrow, who has implanted a device in Red Tornado which will kill the JLA when Red Tornado first uses his JLA signaling device. The JLA discovers the plot and deactivates the device, and Morrow (who can only exist in the absence of Red Tornado) fades away. Red Tornado tries to return to Earth-Two by stowing away in the JLA's Trans-Matter Cube (which allows interdimensional travel), but his presence causes the JLA and JSA to go to Earth X: a world in which Nazi Germany won World War II. The two superhero teams meet a third: the Freedom Fighters. Learning that Nazi Germany rules the world with mind-control devices, they destroy one. Three more devices are located and destroyed, but a fourth cannot be found. As the JSA and JLA come under Nazi control and begin to attack the Freedom Fighters, Red Tornado (immune to the device's effects) finds and destroys the fourth device.

During the next few years, Red Tornado has a number of adventures with the Justice League; many end with the character damaged or destroyed. In February 1974, Red Tornado accidentally frees alien supervillain Eclipso from imprisonment inside Bruce Gordon and is damaged in the following explosion. In "The Man Who Murdered Santa Claus!", the JLA's old nemesis The Key threatens to destroy St. Louis, Missouri. The JLA must run a gauntlet of traps to reach his bomb; although Red Tornado is apparently killed in one of the snares, the Phantom Stranger saves him. As a Christmas gift, the JLA gives Red Tornado a new, more colorful costume. He is again severely damaged when the Adaptoids mistake the JLA for tyrants.

Red Tornado is apparently killed again in 1976, when Nekron gives the JLA an extreme fear of death which causes it to disband. Nekron then threatens to destroy Midway City with a solar flare, ordering Hawkman (one of the league's weakest members) to try to halt the flare. Red Tornado (disguised as Hawkman) is destroyed stopping the flare, giving the real Hawkman and Wonder Woman—who is immune to Nekron's fear-inducing power—time to evacuate the city, and Nekron is defeated with an overdose of intense fear.

On Earth-One Red Tornado slowly becomes more human-like, develops a distinct personality and adopts the name John Smith. He becomes a teacher, meeting (and becoming fond of) employment counselor Kathy Sutton.

Construct
A Justice League villain composed of radio and other electromagnetic waves, Construct, appeared in Justice League of America comic books in 1977. At the beginning of the first story involving Construct, he is apparently defeated by the Atom. Construct remains alive, however, and takes up residence in the Injustice Gang satellite. Although it reforms the Injustice Gang, the JLA defeats them and destroys the satellite but is unaware that Construct controlled the supervillains.

Red Tornado reappears at the end of Justice League of America #145, apparently brought back to life with Hawkman and Superman by the death of Count Crystal. When tested by Superman, however, Red Tornado attacks his comrades. When the Injustice Gang satellite blows up, Construct flees into the nearest android body: the orbiting remains of Red Tornado. Defeated by Hawkman and Hawkgirl, Construct leaves Red Tornado's body. Reassembled, Red Tornado revives and rejoins the Justice League. Although most JLA members think he is still under Construct's control, Black Canary, Hawkgirl and Wonder Woman support him. Red Tornado confronts Construct, and while they are locked in a battle of wills Wonder Woman activates Amazonian technology which disrupts Construct.

Construct becomes Red Tornado's nemesis, playing a major role in a 2005 story by helping the Justice League rout the Weaponers of Qward, the Earth-devouring Void Hound and the Crime Syndicate of America. A portion of Construct (merged with the Void Hound) helped save Enigma, reincarnate Engima's daughter and help the antihero fight the Crime Syndicate of America.

Later Justice League adventures
Red Tornado helps the JLA defeat the Star-Tsar. Former Manhunter Mark Shaw adopts a new heroic identity, the pirate-themed Privateer. Doctor Light defeats the JLA, but the Star-Tsar frees the League because he sees Light as a competitor. Snapper Carr is revealed as the Star-Tsar, supported by JLA foe the Key. The Key, defeated, has a physical deformity eliminating him as the Star-Tsar. Red Tornado uses his robotic memory to demonstrate that Shaw went missing during crucial moments of the adventure, and Shaw is unmasked as the Star-Tsar.

Red Tornado meets his future adopted daughter, Traya, in Justice League of America #152 (March 1978) after she finds a powerful alien orb and gains super-powers. He and Phantom Stranger save the JLA from oceanic gods in Justice League of America #157 (August 1978). Red Tornado assists new JLA member Zatanna in locating her mother, Sindella, in the multi-issue "Homo magi" storyline in 1979 (when he is seriously injured). While recovering, he is attacked by the Secret Society of Super-Villains and defeated twice: once by the villains themselves and again by the villains whose minds are those of other JLA members. Red Tornado is tried at the World Court for human-rights violations by Ultraa, who is manipulated by the alien known as the Over-Complex; Ultraa ends the trial when he learns he is being duped.

In DC Comics Presents #7 (March 1979), Red Tornado saves the world from the Weaponers of Qward. The Qwardians capture Superman and take him to Qward, where they intend to use his Kryptonian body as a lens to concentrate Q-rays and immobilize Earth's inhabitants before invading the planet. Red Tornado, immune because of his android nature, traces the Q-rays to their source in the Qward dimension and frees Superman by concentrating too much Q-energy through the Man of Steel's body (closing the rift between the dimensions).

Despite his success in saving Earth, Red Tornado resigns from the League in Justice League of America #175 (February 1980) after deciding that he is unreliable in combat. He becomes Traya's foster father and resumes his relationship with Kathy Sutton. Longtime JLA foe Doctor Destiny escapes from prison and wreaks havoc by materializing people's nightmares; Red Tornado defeats his own dream-demon and stops the villain. His confidence restored, he rejoins the League (which again defeats Doctor Destiny). Red Tornado is one of two league members who discover that Starro has returned. Although Starro takes over the minds of millions of people in New York City (including most of the Justice League) with small duplicates of himself, Red Tornado's android mind is not affected and he causes a citywide blackout depriving Starro of the energy needed to dominate so many people.

Tornado Champion
In Justice League of America #192 (July 1981), Red Tornado attacks his fellow league members without warning; after severely injuring several, he is destroyed. A second Red Tornado also attacks and is destroyed. The androids were duplicates created by T.O. Morrow, back after his disappearance in JLA #106, who uses a program to summon the real Red Tornado. Morrow developed a device to steal technology from the future, including a supercomputer which taught him how to build a "humaniztron" device to make Red Tornado sentient and capable of destroying the JSA. However, the computer does not predict that Red Tornado would become independent and Morrow is defeated. He flees to Earth-One, where the supercomputer predicts that he will "fade away" in 28 days if the Justice League is not destroyed. When the damaged Red Tornado also crosses dimensions and falls to earth near Morrow's hideout, he again tries unsuccessfully to program him to destroy the JLA.

Morrow reveals that the supercomputer wrongfully predicted his death. When Morrow does not die at the end of the 28-day period, the computer uses future technology in an attempt to dematerialize him. Faulty programming divides Morrow into two beings; one (the "original" Morrow) materializes on an alien world, where he discovers a sceptre-like device allowing him to control the planet's ecosystem. He kidnapped Atom's wife, Jean Loring; the Flash's wife, Iris West, and Linda Danvers (Supergirl), transporting them to this world in the hope of luring the Atom and the Flash. Although Morrow defeats Atom and Flash, he had not counted on Supergirl's presence and is defeated.

The other Morrow remained on Earth. This version, which Morrow believed was a future version of himself (known as Future Man), was a mutation. He attempted to switch minds and take over Red Tornado's body. Red Tornado reversed the switch, and Future Man died of his mutations.
After Future Man's death the original Morrow escaped from prison, consulted his supercomputer and learned how he had been split in two. With the computer's help, he attempted to determine what flaw had allowed Red Tornado to become independent and concluded that an outside force was responsible.

In Justice League of America #193 (August 1981), Aquaman discovers Morrow's hideout and is nearly killed when Morrow uses his alien sceptre. Morrow attempts to dissect Red Tornado to discover the outside influence, and releases Tornado Champion-Tornado Tyrant in the android shell. Tornado Tyrant defeats the JLA, except for Firestorm. Tornado Champion tells Firestorm about how he and his alter ego became fused with the Red Tornado android, and Firestorm replaces both sentient beings in the android body. Red Tornado awakens, and only Firestorm knows his true nature. His dual origin is not fully revealed until Morrow recaptures him to learn how he became sentient. When Morrow opens Red Tornado, Tornado Champion and Tornado Tyrant come out of the body; the Tyrant had never truly left the Champion. After a battle with the JLA, Red Tornado is reassembled by Firestorm; the Tyrant and the Champion are returned to the android with their memories erased.

Red Tornado's friendship with Firestorm deepens in The Fury of Firestorm #4 (September 1982), when super-villain Killer Frost freezes New York City. Her hold on reality weak, Killer Storm demands to be queen of New York with movie star Curt Holland her consort. The JLA arrives to help, but Firestorm fights them off. Heading to the JLA satellite, Firestorm reveals his secret identities as teenager Ronnie Raymond and middle-aged physicist Martin Stein. While Stein works on a device to thaw the city, Red Tornado takes Ronnie to Hollywood and Holland rebuffs them; Firestorm later brings Holland to Killer Frost in New York. Holland is Red Tornado in disguise, the one member of the JLA immune to her freezing touch. Red Tornado uses a freezing unit hidden in his chest to immobilize Killer Frost, and they work together to thaw the city.

Final years
Red Tornado discovers where Larry Lance's body has been brought and the secret origin of the Black Canary in Justice League of America #219 (October 1983) and Justice League of America #220 (November 1983), and discovers that he is one of the few heroes who can defeat the power-mimicking supervillain Paragon in Justice League of America #224 (March 1984). In the aftermath of the Mars-Earth war, Aquaman disbands the Justice League. He reforms it, limiting it to members willing to devote themselves full-time to JLA business; Red Tornado is not among them.

Before the 1985–1986 multi-title crossover storyline "Crisis on Infinite Earths", Red Tornado had his last adventure as John Smith; Construct later faced Red Tornado in his first miniseries. In the limited series Construct takes over the world, brainwashing everyone with energy emissions from electronic objects. Red Tornado tries to resist as much as he can, given that he cannot be brainwashed, and defeats Construct in a virtual world composed of electromagnetic particles.

Crisis on Infinite Earths
Red Tornado makes his final appearances in his original form in the Crisis on Infinite Earths mini-series. According to books published by DC Comics, the multiverse was created when an alien scientist named Krona attempted to meddle with the creation of the universe. An embodiment of the power of the Earth-One universe, the nearly all-powerful Monitor, discovered that an antimatter version (the Anti-Monitor) lived in the Qward universe. When a scientist named Kell Mossa (later known as Pariah) destroyed his dimension, the Anti-Monitor became more powerful than the Monitor; this led the Monitor to begin assembling his galaxy's greatest heroes and villains to aid his cause. The Monitor's assistant, Harbinger, has been possessed by one of the Anti-Monitor's shadow demons; she kills the Monitor as groups of heroes fan out throughout space and time to turn on devices ("cosmic tuning forks") the Monitor has placed to stop the advancing antimatter wave from destroying the multiverse.

Red Tornado makes his first appearance in Crisis on Infinite Earths #4 (July 1985). The Psycho-Pirate has been whisked away from his mission to protect a cosmic tuning fork, and Red Tornado and the Flash are similarly teleported away. The Anti-Monitor has kidnapped them and refashions Red Tornado's body into a weapon, telling him that he is more than a machine and even more than a man (which Red Tornado does not understand). Under the Anti-Monitor's control, he wreaks destruction on a massive scale across Earth-One and Earth-Two (which have been temporarily saved from destruction) before he is torn apart by a number of heroes. Supergirl seriously injures the Anti-Monitor and destroys the machine which was tearing the remaining universes apart before she dies. Red Tornado again appears in Crisis on Infinite Earths #8 (November 1985), when Firestorm, the Atom and Blue Devil bring his remains to the Justice League satellite and bring T.O. Morrow there to repair him. A bomb inside Red Tornado goes off, destroying the satellite.

However, Red Tornado is still alive in the satellite's wreckage. In Justice League of America Annual #3 (August 1985), he links with the still-functioning JLA computer to learn more about himself. A bolt of energy sends the wreckage down to Earth (where the Martian Manhunter finds Red Tornado's head), but Red Tornado sends his consciousness into a nearby S.T.A.R. Labs weather-control satellite. Gathering energy to give himself physical form, he uses the satellites to wreak havoc on Earth. The JLA destroys the satellites one by one, eventually freeing the now-corporeal Tornado Champion. Red Tornado tries to contacting Kathy Sutton with several electronic devices. The JLA brings her to Tornado Champion, who says that he now has the power to remake worlds. Kathy convinces him that he needs to be more human to be accepted. Although he seems to believe Kathy, an attack by Superman angers him and he heads off into the universe. The Crisis on Infinite Earths ends when the Spectre confronts the Anti-Monitor at the moment when Krona creates the multiverse; Darkseid and the Earth-Two Superman then destroy the weakened Anti-Monitor.

Post-Crisis

Air elemental
Although Red Tornado's android origin remained almost the same after the Crisis, he was never again the Tornado Champion; he was an air elemental, created by Maya (the spirit of Earth) to protect the environment. Like other elementals such as Swamp Thing, this spirit needed to have a human host. The host was intended to be Professor Ivo's infant son, but the boy died at an early age and the elemental went into an android body created by Ivo.

The Elemental War
Air pollution has an adverse effect on the Red Tornado-Tornado Champion, driving him half-mad and into conflict with Naiad against Firestorm and the Swamp Thing in "The Elemental War". Firestorm calms them both, and makes a new body shell for Red Tornado. The new body is imperfect, and he begins to malfunction. His humanity is almost lost as he looks increasingly damaged, dirty and defective. During a period of near-total malfunction, Red Tornado is a member of the Leymen. He experiences jerks and spasms as he moves, sounds from malfunctioning gears and mechanisms emanate from his body and he speaks in a halting, emotionless, mechanical monotone. During his association with the Leymen, the original Red Tornado personality reemerges with his emotions and humanity.

Young Justice
Red Tornado spends time, silent and still, in the empty JLA headquarters in Happy Harbor, Rhode Island, feeling isolated from humanity. When Robin, Superboy and Impulse have a sleepover there, Impulse's behavior revives Red Tornado and reassures him that he is not as removed from humanity as he had thought, albeit because he realized that all three of them were annoying him.

Regaining his abilities to move and communicate, Red Tornado reestablishes his connections with the Justice League and the superhero community. He advises Young Justice, assisting them on their missions as needed, and is an auxiliary member of the JLA. Red Tornado tries to reconcile with his wife, Kathy Sutton. Although he does not fully succeed, their adopted daughter Traya accepts Red Tornado regardless of his appearance or state of repair. Because of Traya's attachment, Kathy allows Red Tornado regular visitation and contact. He does not return to his John Smith identity, but acts as Traya's adoptive father in his superheroic-robotic identity, even after a court attempted to deny him access after Kathy was left in a coma and the Tornado was ruled as having no more legal rights than a standard machine, Tornado regaining his legal standing as Traya's father when government officials restored his legal authority in return for his help in a crisis (Tornado admitted that he would have helped them regardless, but took the offer as he was practical). Red Tornado also assists with Superman's defeat of Brainiac 13; when Brainiac takes control of the robotic heroes until they are shut down by an electromagnetic pulse generated by Lex Luthor in a stolen Kryptonian battlesuit, Kelex (Superman's fortress robot) reactivates Red Tornado to use his wind manipulation abilities to break Brainiac 13 down into his component nanobots and trap him in Luthor's battlesuit.

Crisis of Conscience
After DC's Crisis of Conscience miniseries, Red Tornado is attacked by the surviving members of the original Secret Society of Super Villains and his body is destroyed before the JLA arrives. Batman brings his remains to the Batcave and builds an upgraded, android body. When the League is attacked by Despero, Red Tornado helps defeat him since he is immune to Despero's telepathy and mind control.

Infinite Crisis and 52
Red Tornado is recruited by Donna Troy to fight the menace in space during Infinite Crisis. According to a conversation between Doc Magnus and his creator, T.O. Morrow, in 52, Red Tornado sacrifices himself during the Crisis. Morrow's response to the news is to ask how many times the Tornado has died and he alludes to the Red Inferno, another android he created.

During the fifth week of the 52 event, after the other heroes are beamed back down to Earth at Uluru, the Tornado's speaker (embedded in Mal Duncan's chest) plays a warning message for his comrades: "It's coming! 52! 52!".

Twelve weeks later, in 52 week 17, the Red Tornado (now in pieces) is beamed back down to Earth with the other heroes and overlooked by the search team. Conscious but unable to say anything but "52", the Tornado is discovered by a group of young aborigines in the Australian outback. At the end of week 21, he is being reassembled with auto parts by an Australian mechanic. Malfunctioning but able to access his psychokinetic powers, in week 28 he is defeated by a group of Intergang enforcers evicting a tribe of aborigines from their shanty town. Disassembled and trashed, his head becomes part of a contemporary art sculpture. T.O. Morrow buys his head, hoping to discover his secrets. As Morrow is used as bait to trap Mr. Mind, Red Tornado's head falls into Rip Hunter's hands and Hunter combines his head with his own Time Bubble to navigate to the restored universe.

One Year Later
One Year Later, Red Tornado's android body is repaired. Kathy Sutton spends time with it, talking with Platinum, thinking that she has done this seven times before and waiting for John to come back to his body. His soul enters a human body offered by Felix Faust, posing as Deadman. When the Justice League of America calls him back as a member, John Smith returns as a human being. He has the same wind powers as his robotic form, but lacks his android body's stamina and resilience.

His android body is stolen from Will Magnus' lab by Doctor Impossible. Magnus notifies Red Tornado, who leaves to find his stolen android body. Arsenal (later known as Red Arrow), Black Canary and Green Lantern join the search, tracking a beacon planted by Magnus in Red Tornado's android body. They track the signal to a remote mountain base and confront Professor Ivo, who has regained his human appearance and releases a swarm of activated Tornado androids against them. After the androids are defeated and Red Tornado arrives, it is revealed that this was orchestrated by a revived, intelligent Solomon Grundy.

Grundy admits masterminding the plan to place Red Tornado in a human shell meant to cripple him and slowly rob him of his health and aerokinesis, although a mishap let Tornado keep his powers in his weakened form. Grundy has Red Tornado android body infused with super-powered objects and one of Ivo's Amazo chips, creating an invincible shell to house his soul so he can never die again. The heroes and others pursue the Red Tornado-Amazo android, who (thinking himself John Smith) went to see his family. As they leave, Grundy keeps the now-weak human Red Tornado separate in an attempt to kill him. Tornado, no longer a match for Grundy's superhuman strength, is beaten and mutilated. Despite his injuries, however, he summons winds which snap Grundy like a tree.

The Amazo form is slowed down by Apokoliptian technology given to Kathy Sutton by Big Barda (after recent tragedies, the JLA had armed their loved ones), and the heroes neutralize him. Dying, he asks his wife to rebuild the Red Tornado android and allow him to return. Zatanna lifts the spell trapping his soul, allowing Red Tornado to again inhabit his android shell at his "death". Although he can keep Ivo's enhancements, Red Tornado divests himself of all augmentation and joins the Justice League of America with his usual powers. Since returning to his robotic body, Red Tornado has begun behaving oddly, losing control of his powers and nearly killing Red Arrow. He becomes increasingly cold and detached from his friends and family, acting more like a machine than a sentient being.

After the team's battle with the Injustice League, Red Tornado's body is badly damaged and his consciousness is placed in the Hall of Justice's computer system. When his feelings slowly return, he warns that a jump into a new host body could damage his soul; even if Magnus' new shell mimics a human body, its computational abilities are inferior to his cybernetic mind. However, he accepts the deal for a new chance at life with his family.

The Justice League, calling on Zatanna and John Henry Irons, initiates the transfer. Amazo, still present in Red Tornado's previous body of as a dormant program, seizes the self-repairing processes, fights Irons, steals the Magnus shell and battles the league. Zatanna unleashes the only force Amazo cannot mimic: the soul of Red Tornado in its primal, elemental form. Red Tornado is then restored in a spare body, and Kathy agrees to marry him. After helping capture Professor Ivo, Red Tornado takes a leave of absence from the league. In 2009, DC comics announced a Red Tornado miniseries chronicling his origin and revealing an "android family" which may conflict with Tornado, his wife and adopted daughter after Final Crisis.

Blackest Night and Brightest Day
After the miniseries, Red Tornado is again destroyed in a battle with Black Lantern versions of deceased JLA members Vibe and Steel. When Blackest Night ends, the JLA reorganizes. Former Titan Cyborg is among the new members of the League, setting out to rebuild Red Tornado and claiming to be able to make him indestructible. With his new body under construction, Red Tornado's severed (but sentient) head is left behind by Cyborg when the team leaves the JLA Watchtower to face down a group of villains on Blackhawk Island. While waiting in Cyborg's workshop, Red Tornado sees Green Arrow's battle with Doctor Impossible and saves the archer's life when he attacks Impossible and his cohorts with his unfinished body.

Cyborg takes a leave of absence from the JLA to finish John's new body. With the repairs completed (thanks to self-replicating nanites), he invites Kathy to the S.T.A.R. Labs facility to rejoin her husband. Red Tornado attacks Cyborg, begging his friend to kill him before he hurts someone. Unknown to Cyborg or Red Tornado, his insanity is the result of Alan Scott's Starheart power which can give metahumans magical or elemental abilities. Cyborg frees Red Tornado with his matrix. Red Tornado accompanies the JLA on its mission to Hell, where he helps Superman defeat Minos.

The New 52
In 2011, DC rebooted its continuity as part of The New 52. During the battle between the Justice League and Atlantis, T.O. Morrow says that his weather machine can take control of the weather from the invading Atlanteans, but Silas Stone rejects the idea because the technology is from another dimension (Earth-Two) and unstable. Morrow later says, "But the Tornado could ...". An unfinished Red Tornado is seen in the Red Room while Cyborg is being rebuilt after Grid takes his robotic parts. Red Tornado faces the Metal Men.

DC Rebirth
In "DC Rebirth", Red Tornado returned to the main continuity in the 2017 event Dark Nights: Metal being held captive by the Blackhawks.

During the Dark Nights: Death Metal storyline, Red Tornado, Animal Man, and Blue Beetle arrived at the scene where Robin King took down the superheroes. During their fight with Robin King, Red Tornado is sprayed with a Mortal Coil chemical that causes him to spin out of control, become human, and rip apart. Batman later revived him with a Black Lantern ring.

Powers and abilities
Red Tornado is an android, and his creator, T.O. Morrow, designed him with strength, durability, and thought-processing powers many orders of magnitude greater than a human. In terms of raw physical strength, his artificial body has been depicted moving objects weighing 20 tons under optimal conditions, and his body has survived both the extreme of space and deep-sea pressures. It additionally possesses the ability to self-repair anything less than catastrophic damage. His senses are similarly computerized, allowing him to hear and see events far exceeding human perception; in an extreme example he used his vision to observe Justice League teammates attempting a low orbit rescue of Challenger astronauts inside a damaged space shuttle from sea level, though the images were out of focus and at the limit of his range. Red Tornado also frequently monitors wireless communication frequencies for signs of distress, though he has likened this to listening to background chatter in a crowd, remaining indistinct until someone or something draws his attention to it.

As a gestalt entity born of the Tornado Tyrant merging with Morrow's programming, he possesses attributes of both natural and artificial intelligence; he is both self-aware and growing intellectually, with feelings and emotions analogous to human consciousness. In comparison to the Metal Men, another group of AI heroes, Kathy Sutton notes that Red Tornado's emotional depth and personality were much more sophisticated than theirs since he possessed a sense of humor and ability to appreciate puns. In terms of emotional depth, Red Tornado has been capable of forming and maintaining a romantic relationship with Kathy Sutton, as well as a foster father relationship with Traya. T.O. Morrow noted, with both chagrin and admiration, that Red Tornado's processing power was strong enough to both develop free will and promptly reject his programming in favor of becoming a hero; this same spontaneous generation of a rudimentary ethical code became the foundation for his gynoid 'sister', Tomorrow Woman's transformation into a hero as well, who was similarly programmed by Morrow. With the Justice League, Red Tornado has used his computing power on occasion, though this requires diverting internal resources away from physical and interactive participation, giving the impression of intense 'concentration'; while his raw computing power exceeds any known supercomputer available to the league, the majority of his internal resources are devoted to autonomic physical functions and his depth of personality. Both his artificial structure and unique combination of complex reasoning and empathy have made him immune to overt telepathic mind control; even so, he has on occasion been susceptible to malicious coding which has attacked his computerized 'subconscious' and to standard psychological attacks that target his affections and aspirations.

Unlike the Flash or Superman who can create high speed winds through physical motion (such as running or spinning), Red Tornado is aerokinetic, with the ability to spontaneously and regularly generate wind motion in excess of a Category 5 tropical storm ("Hurricane force"), for winds exceeding 136 knots (157 mph; 252 km/h) over a sustained period. At lower speeds, these enable personal flight through 'soft' levitation of people and objects, enhance his speed and create storms. Within his field of control, these gusts take on a light crimson hue, making them perceivable to the naked eye; this effect is inherent with his signature ability and became the iconic basis for his name. Further, this ability is an immutable part of his being and uniquely connected to his 'soul'; even when transferred into an unused clone of the villain, Multiplex, he retained his aerokinetic abilities and transferred it yet again when reverted to an android body. Regardless of his physical state, his maximum output has never been identified; for example, when under extreme duress and critically injured in a mortal human body, Red Tornado was still able to generate F5 tornado winds exceeding 276 knots (318 mph; 512 km/h), which was powerful enough to snap Solomon Grundy in half. As an android, Red Tornado can generate and maintain his winds at those speeds indefinitely, never tiring physically or mentally from the exertion.

Red Tornado has undergone several major upgrades in his existence, several of which improved his physical form. Most recently, an upgrade infused his body with microscopic nanites, with the ability to alter his appearance and body composition at will; the intended change allows him to more closely mimic human skin, warmth, and touch sensations and revert to the more combat-oriented exterior and appearance when desired.

Enemies
In his comic books, Red Tornado had enemies of his own:

 Construct - A villain composed of radio and other electromagnetic waves.
 Robot Killer - An android-hating villain.
 Red Inferno - An android and the "younger sister" of Red Tornado.
 Red Volcano - An android and the "brother" of Red Tornado who can perform geokinesis and thermokinesis.
 T.O. Morrow - A mad scientist and the creator of Red Tornado and his counterparts.

Other versions
 Three versions of Red Tornado exist in the four-issue limited series, Kingdom Come (1996): an older, armor-clad Ma Hunkel, her wind-manipulating meta-human granddaughter, Maxine, and a spirit of the Tornado Champion called "Tornado". All three are members of Superman's Justice League.
 In the alternative timeline of "Flashpoint", the Red Tornadoes are androids created by Dr. Morrow. There is one Red Tornado that is unfinished because of Dr. Morrow's death.
 In the "DCeased" timeline, Red Tornado is one of the superheroes seen to have survived the Anti-Life Equation and makes a cameo appearance in #5. He is present in the Fortress of Solitude when Martian Manhunter assaults the fortress.
 In the 2012 series Earth 2, set on the parallel world of that name, the Lois Lane of that world becomes its new Red Tornado after being killed and having her consciousness downloaded into an android body resembling that of the Earth-1 Red Tornado.

In other media

Television

 Red Tornado appears in Justice League Unlimited, voiced by an uncredited Powers Boothe. This version is a member of the Justice League.
 Red Tornado appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced by Corey Burton. This version possesses the civilian identity of history professor John Ulthoom. In his most notable appearance in the episode "Hail the Tornado Tyrant!", his attempts to understand humanity leads him to building a son he names "Tornado Champion", who goes rogue and becomes Tornado Tyrant, forcing Red Tornado and Batman to destroy him. Additionally, a villainous alternate universe version of Red Tornado called Silver Cyclone (also voiced by Burton) appears in the episode "Deep Cover for Batman!" as a member of the Injustice Syndicate. He attempts to destroy humanity and betray the Syndicate, but is destroyed by the Red Hood.
 Red Tornado appears in Young Justice, voiced by Jeff Bennett. This version was created by T. O. Morrow to infiltrate the Justice Society of America, but defected and joined the Justice League. Additionally, Red Tornado serves as the Team's "den mother" and possesses a separate android body that allows him to assume his John Smith persona. As of the Young Justice: Outsiders episode "Home Fires", Red Tornado has adopted and begun raising Traya Smith.
 Red Tornado appears in the Mad segment "That's What Super Friends Are For".
 Red Tornado appears in Justice League Action, voiced by Jason J. Lewis. This version is a member of the Justice League.

Arrowverse
Red Tornado appears in media set in the Arrowverse:
 Red Tornado first appears in the live-action TV series Supergirl episode "Red Faced", portrayed by Iddo Goldberg. This version is a combat android designed by T. O. Morrow (also portrayed by Goldberg) for General Sam Lane and the United States Army to kill Kryptonians. When Supergirl outmatches the android, Red Tornado escapes from a military camp and causes havoc in National City until Supergirl and her allies thwart it. Following Morrow's death, Red Tornado attains sentience, but is destroyed by Supergirl.
 An Earth-X incarnation of Red Tornado appears in the live-action crossover "Crisis on Earth-X". The Freedom Fighters deploy it in the hopes of destroying a portal to Earth-1 and trapping their Nazi oppressors there, but the Flash and the Ray destroy the android to ensure their allies can return to Earth-1.
 The Earth-X Red Tornado also appears in the animated web series Freedom Fighters: The Ray, voiced again by Iddo Goldberg.

Film
 Red Tornado makes a non-speaking appearance in Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths as an associate of the Justice League. Additionally, an unnamed, villainous alternate universe version of Red Tornado makes a non-speaking cameo appearance as a minor member of the Crime Syndicate.
 Red Tornado makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in Teen Titans Go! To the Movies.

Video games
 Red Tornado appears as a playable character in Batman: The Brave and the Bold – The Videogame, voiced again by Corey Burton.
 Red Tornado appears in DC Universe Online.
 Red Tornado appears in Young Justice: Legacy, voiced again by Jeff Bennett.
 Red Tornado appears as a playable character in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham, voiced by Liam O'Brien.
 Red Tornado appears as a playable character in Lego DC Super-Villains.

Miscellaneous
 Red Tornado appears in DC Super Hero Girls, voiced by Maurice LaMarche. This version is a teacher at Super Hero High.
 An original incarnation of Red Tornado appears in Smallville Season 11: Continuity #4. Following her death, Emil Hamilton downloaded Tess Mercers consciousness into an android body. Afterward, she goes on to join the Justice League.
 Red Tornado makes minor appearances in the Injustice: Gods Among Us prequel comic.

Merchandise
 Red Tornado received a figure in Kenner's 1985 Super Powers collection.
 Red Tornado received a figure in the DC Comics Super Hero Collection.
 Red Tornado received a figure in Mattel's DC Universe Classics line.

References
Notes

Citations

Bibliography

External links
 DCcomics.com's Origin on Red Tornado
 DCDP: Red Tornado
 The Unofficial Red Tornado Chronology
 Red Tornado (1968) at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on January 9, 2017.

Characters created by Dick Dillin
Characters created by Gardner Fox
Comics characters introduced in 1968
DC Comics characters with accelerated healing
DC Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
DC Comics characters with superhuman strength
DC Comics deities
DC Comics robots
DC Comics male superheroes
Fictional androids
Fictional characters with air or wind abilities
Fictional professors
Fiction set around Polaris
Robot superheroes

Red Tornado


La Ley Fundamental de 1982 es el nombre de la tercera Constitución de Guinea Ecuatorial. Fue sometida a referéndum popular el 15 de agosto de 1982, sin la participación de observadores internacionales, obteniendo un 95.79% de votos a favor, tras lo que fue promulgada el 7 de septiembre de 1982 por el gobierno de Teodoro Obiang con el Decreto Número 65/1982, y que vino a sustituir a la anterior Constitución de 1973.

Antecedentes
Tras el golpe de Estado del 3 de agosto de 1979 que depuso a Francisco Macías (el llamado Golpe de la Libertad) fue anulada parte de la legislación establecida previamente. El 25 de agosto se abolía el Partido Único Nacional de los Trabajadores y el Consejo Militar Revolucionario pasaba a denominarse Consejo Militar Supremo. Ese octubre, Teodoro Obiang se convirtió oficialmente en presidente del Consejo Militar Supremo y declaró que acabaría con la política represiva de su antecesor. En julio de 1982 el Consejo Militar Supremo, que gobernaba el país desde la caída de Macías, nombró a Obiang presidente de la República para un periodo de siete años.

Redacción
Para su elaboración, el Consejo Militar Supremo y Teodoro Obiang contaron con la colaboración de expertos enviados por la Organización de Naciones Unidas, además de un asesor mexicano y otro costarricense.

Véase también
 Constitución de Guinea Ecuatorial de 1968
 Constitución de Guinea Ecuatorial de 1973
 Ley Fundamental de Guinea Ecuatorial de 1991

Referencias

Constituciones de Guinea Ecuatorial
Guinea Ecuatorial en 1982

Ley Fundamental de Guinea Ecuatorial de 1982


Babanzade Abdurrahman Paşa İsyanı, bugün Irak'ta bulunan Süleymaniye şehrinin valisi olan "Baban aşiretinden" Babanzade İbrahim Paşa'nın 1806'daki ölümünden sonra, Osmanlı Devleti'nin aynı aşiretten Babanzade Halit Paşa'yı vali tayin etmesi üzerine, İbrahim Paşa'nın yeğeni Babanzade Abdurrahman Paşa'nın hakkının yendiğini ileri sürerek Osmanlı yönetimine karşı isyan başlatması hadisesidir. bölgedeki Kürt aşiretleride bu isyana destek olmuşlardır.

İsyan Osmanlı Devleti'ni hayli uğraştırmış ve ayaklanma 1808 yılında bastırılmıştır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Doğu isyanları listesi

Kaynakça

Osmanlı tarihinde isyanlar
Kürt ayaklanmaları
Osmanlı döneminde Irak
1806'da çatışmalar

Babanzade Abdurrahman Paşa İsyanı


Anca Szönyi Thomas () cunoscută și ca Anca Nicola sau Anca S. Thomas, este o artistă vizuală și actriță ocazională română.

Este fiica pictorului Ștefan Szönyi și sora actriței Julieta Szönyi.

Educație
A absolvit în anul 1982 cursurile Facultății de Artă Monumentală și Restaurare ale Institutului de Arte Plastice "Nicolae Grigorescu" din București.

Activitate
A participat la expoziții de grup și personale și a fost activă și în domeniul cinematografiei. S-a remarcat ca actriță prin rolul Mădălina Faranga din filmul Ciuleandra (1985), regizat de Sergiu Nicolaescu, unde i-a avut ca parteneri pe actorii Ion Rițiu și Ștefan Iordache.

În paralel cu interpretărie din cinematografie s-a ocupat de lucrări de restaurare a mânăstirilor din România, a făcut parte din echipa de restaurare a Teatrului "Maria Filotti" din Brăila.

În 1981, după înființarea județului Giurgiu, teatrul bucureștean "Ion Vasilescu", avându-l director pe Radu Boroianu, a fost transferat în Giurgiu, în multe piese jucate aici apărând și Anca Szönyi.

S-a stabilit în Franța în 1987 și s-a căsătorit în 1993 cu politicianul și omul de afaceri francez  (n. 1957). Au o fată cu numele Diane-Emmanuelle (n. 1996).

A coordonat realizarea albumului monografic Stefan Szony 1913-1967, apărut la Editura Institutului Cultural Român în 2016. Lansarea albumului a avut loc în 2017 în cadrul Salonului Internațional Bookfest. A fost curatoarea Expoziției Ștefan Szönyi - Monumental, care a fost expusă la Muzeul de Artă din Timișoara în perioada 12 decembrie 2017 - 20 februarie 2018.

Continuă să fie prezentă în lumea artei și culturii și timp de câțiva ani este implicată și în acțiuni de ajutor și promovare pentru România. A participat la diverse acțiuni caritabile în Franța și a fost consilier artistic în două galerii de artă din Paris. O parte din lucrările sale de desen și artă decorativă se găsesc în mai multe colecții private din România și din străinătate. Explorează tehnici mixte în interacțiune cu imaginea fotografică. Astfel, s-au născut mai multe cicluri de lucrări, reprezentări subiective ale realității, unele metaforice, altele, secvențe reale ale vieții în spiritul "Here&Now".

În luna mai 2022, la București, a expus lucrări proprii în Expoziția de Artă "Micro-Macro-Trans Cordial", organizată de Comunitatea Armână din România.

În perioada 26 septembrie - 14 octombrie 2022, Institutul Cultural Român din Paris a organizat, în colaborare cu Ambasada României în Franța și Casa de Cultură a Municipiului Timișoara, expoziția "Introspections/Introspecții" a artiștilor români Suzana Fântânariu (pictură, grafică, instalații), Anca Szönyi Thomas (fotografie, mixed media) și Dorin Crețu (pictură, fotografie digitală), curatorii expoziției fiind Ludwig Otte și Anca Szönyi Thomas. Expoziția a avut loc la Galeria Macadam din Paris, proiectul fiind inclus în cadrul "Săptămânii Culturilor Străine", un program al Forumului Institutelor Culturale Străine din Paris.

Filmografie
 1976: Tănase Scatiu - Mary
 1977: Buzduganul cu trei peceți - Maria, fiica lui István Jósika
 1979: Blauvogel
 1980: Burebista
 1983: Viraj periculos
 1983: Misterele Bucureștilor
 1985: Ciuleandra - Mădălina Faranga
 1989: Layla - Layla
 1991: C'est quoi ce petit boulot? - L'hôtesse radio
 1991: Le Passage
 1994: Începutul adevărului (Oglinda)

Note

Legături externe
 Anca Nicola pe Cinemagia.ro

Nașteri în anii 1960
Actrițe de film române
Români expatriați în Franța
Oameni în viață
Maghiari din România
Bucureșteni

Anca Szönyi Thomas


Diplomatik İlişkiler Hakkında Viyana Sözleşmesi, diplomatların görevli bulundukları ülkelerdeki diplomatik ilişkilerini, ayrıcalıklarını ve dokunulmazlıklarını belirleyen uluslararası bir anlaşmadır. Viyana'da 2 Mart-14 Nisan 1961 tarihleri arasında düzenlenen "Birleşmiş Milletler Diplomatik İlişkiler ve Dokunulmazlıklar" konferansında alınan kararlarla çerçevesi belirlenmiştir. Konferansta ayrıca, milliyetin kazanımına ilişkin seçmeli protokol, anlaşmazlıkların zorunlu uzlaşımına ilişkin seçmeli protokol ve son kararla birleşik dört önerge de kabul edilmiştir. 24 Nisan 1964'te resmen yürürlüğe girmiştir.

Dış bağlantılar
 eDiplomat.com: Diplomatik ilişkileri yönlendiren antlaşmalar
 Antlaşma metni - PDF
 İlişkili antlaşma metni - PDF

Ayrıca bakınız
 Diplomatik dokunulmazlık
 Konsolosluk

Diplomasi
Dış politika
Soğuk Savaş antlaşmaları
1961'de antlaşmalar


Kazım Ersun Yanal (d. 17 Aralık 1961; Buca), Türk teknik direktör ve eski futbolcudur.

Kariyeri

Manisa Spor Akademisi mezunudur. Futbola Denizlispor'da başladı. Daha sonra Şirinköyspor, Sarayköyspor, Manisaspor ve Nazillispor'da oynamıştır. Ersun Yanal, teknik direktörlüğe ilk olarak 1990 yılında ailesininde uzun yıllar ikamet ettiği Denizli'nin o dönem 3. Lig'de olan ilçe takımı Sarayköyspor'da başlamıştır. 1997-1998 yıllarında Yeni Salihlispor ile Afyonkarahisar Çay Belediyesi Kaymakamlık kupasını kazanmıştır. Denizlispor takımının 1998-2000 yıllarında 2 sezon teknik direktörlüğünü yapmıştır. 2007 yılında Manisaspor'dan istifa ettikten sonra 2007-2008 sezonunun 10. haftasında Trabzonspor'un başına gelmiştir. 27 Nisan 2009 tarihinde Trabzonspor kulübünden istifa etmiştir. Yanal, Manisaspor'dan önce Mandıraspor, Denizlispor, Gençlerbirliği, MKE Ankaragücü ve Türkiye millî futbol takımını çalıştırdı. Eskişehirspor'da Aralık 2011'de Skibbe'nin istifa etmesi üzerine teknik direktörlük görevine getirilmiştir. Ersun Yanal Eskişehirspor'da 2 sezon görev yapmıştır. 2011-2012 sezonunda Süper Lig'i 5. bitirip UEFA Avrupa Ligi'ne gitmeye hak kazanmıştır. 2012-13 sezonunu ise 8. bitirmiştir. Haziran 2013 itibarıyla bu görevi sona ermiştir. 28 Haziran 2013 tarihinde 1 yıllık sözleşme ile Fenerbahçe teknik direktörlüğüne getirilmiştir. Fenerbahçe ile 2013-2014 sezonunda 27 Nisan'da şampiyon olarak süper ligin en erken şampiyonluğa ulaşan teknik direktörü olmuştur. 9 Ağustos 2014'te Fenerbahçe'deki teknik direktörlük görevinden istifa ettiğini açıkladı. 3 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde Trabzonspor'daki sözleşmesi 450 Bin Euro bedelle karşılıklı olarak feshedildiği açıklanmıştır.

Ersun Yanal'ın yönetiminde 2003-2004 sezonunda Gençlerbirliği UEFA Kupası'nda sırasıyla Blackburn Rovers, Sporting Lizbon ve Parma'yı eleyerek 4.Tur'a kadar çıkmış; 4.turda o sezonun UEFA Kupası şampiyonu Valencia'ya ikinci maçta uzatma bölümünde yediği golle elenmiştir. O sene kupayı kaldıran Valencia CF'yı turnuva boyunca yenmeyi başarabilen tek takım Ankara'da 1-0'lık sonuçla Gençlerbirliği oldu.

25 Mayıs 2016 tarihinde yeniden Trabzonspor'la anlaşarak üçüncü kez bordo mavili kulübün başına geçti.

2018-19 sezonu 15. hafta sonrasında tekrar Fenerbahçe'nin başına teknik direktör olarak geri döndü.

2019-20 sezonu Fenerbahçe ile iyi başlayan tecrübeli teknik direktör ile sezonun ikinci yarısındaki puan kayıplarına Kadıköy'de ezeli rakip Galatasaray'a kendi sahasında 20 yıl sonra mağlup olması da eklenince 1 Mart 2020 tarihinde istifa etti. Kulüp tarafından yolların ayrıldığı fakat Ersun Yanal'ın 4 Mart 2020 tarihinde oynanacak olan Ziraat Türkiye Kupası karşılaşmasında Trabzonspor'a karşı takımın başında olacağı açıklandı. Maçın ardından 2.nci Fenerbahçe dönemi resmen sona erdi.

2020-21 sezonunda da Antalyaspor'u çalıştırmıştır.

Kişisel

İzmir doğumlu. 1984 Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi mezunudur. 2017'de CHP eski Bodrum Belediye Başkanı Mazlum Ağan'ın kızı İren Ağan ile evlenmiştir.

Başarıları
Fenerbahçe
 Süper Lig: 2013-14

Gençlerbirliği
 Türkiye Kupası ikinciliği: 2003, 2004

Antalyaspor
 Türkiye Kupası ikinciliği: 2021

Teknik direktörlük istatistikleri

Kaynak:

Dış bağlantılar

 Ersun Yanal'ın Sarayköyspor dönemi
 "Ersun Yanal ile Fenerbahçe şampiyon olacak"

Kaynakça

1961 doğumlular
İzmir doğumlu futbolcular
Türk erkek futbolcular
Türk teknik direktörler
Forvet futbolcular
Denizlispor futbolcuları
Sarayköyspor futbolcuları
MKE Ankaragücü GSK teknik direktörleri
Denizlispor teknik direktörleri
Trabzonspor teknik direktörleri
Türkiye millî futbol takımı teknik direktörleri
Yaşayan insanlar
Manisaspor teknik direktörleri
Gençlerbirliği SK teknik direktörleri
Eskişehirspor teknik direktörleri
1. Lig teknik direktörleri
Süper Lig teknik direktörleri
Fenerbahçe teknik direktörleri
2. Lig teknik direktörleri
3. Lig teknik direktörleri
Yeni Salihlispor teknik direktörleri
Alanyaspor teknik direktörleri

Ersun Yanal


Erik Thorsteinsen Toft (født 14. november 1992) er en norsk håndboldspiller, der spiller for KIF Håndbold i Herrehåndboldligaen og Norges herrehåndboldlandshold.

Han fik slutrunde for  ved EM i herrehåndbold 2022 i Ungarn/Slovakiet.

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

 Thorsteinsen Tofts profil  hos Eliteserien
 Erik Thorsteinsen Tofts profil  hos altomfootball
 Erik Thorsteinsen Tofts profil  hos topphandball.no
 Erik Thorsteinsen Tofts profil  hos handball123

Håndboldspillere fra Norge
Håndboldspillere fra Mors-Thy Håndbold

Erik Thorsteinsen Toft


Terbiyum (kısaltması Tb), atom numarası 65, atom ağırlığı 159 olan, çok ender bulunan bir element.

Tb sembolüyle gösterilen, nâdir toprak metallerinden bir element. Periyodik tabloda IIIB grubunda bulunur.

Metalik terbiyum gümüş beyazı renktedir. Ancak havada oksitlenerek kararır. Tabiatta bolluk bakımından nadir toprak metallerinden en az bulunanıdır. Nâdir toprak metalleri minerallerinde bulunur fakat toryum kaynağı olan monazit kumlarından yan ürün olarak elde edilir.

Atom numarası 65, atom ağırlığı 158,925, erime noktası 1360 °C ve kaynama noktası 3041 °C'dir. Elektron düzeni (Xe) 4f9 6 s2 dır. Bileşiklerinde hem +4 hem de +3 değerlikli olabilir.

 Atom numarası: 65
 Simge: Tb
 Kütle numarası: 158.924
 Kaynama Noktası (°C): 2800
 Erime Noktası (°C): 1356
 Yoğunluk: 8.27
 Buharlaşma Isısı: 70
 Kaynaşma (füzyon) Isısı: 3.9
 Elektriksel iletkenlik: 0.009
 Isıl iletkenlik: --
 Özgül Isı Kapasitesi: 0.044

Dış bağlantılar

 WebElements.com – Terbium
 It's Elemental – Terbium

Lantanitler
İndirgeyici maddeler
Elementler

Terbiyum


Aman Wote (* 18. April 1984 in Kabet, Region Tigray) ist ein äthiopischer Mittelstreckenläufer, der sich auf die 1500-Meter-Distanz spezialisiert hat.

2010 wurde er Siebter bei den Afrikameisterschaften in Nairobi, 2011 Fünfter bei den Panafrikanischen Spielen in Maputo und 2012 Vierter bei den Hallenweltmeisterschaften in Istanbul. Bei den Olympischen Spielen 2012 in London schied er im Vorlauf aus, bei den Weltmeisterschaften 2013 in Moskau im Halbfinale.

Seinen bis dahin größten Erfolg feierte Wote bei den Hallenweltmeisterschaften 2014 im polnischen Sopot mit dem Gewinn der Silbermedaille im 1500-Meter-Lauf. Im Mai verbesserte er in Doha den äthiopischen Landesrekord auf 3:30,86 min, bevor er im Juli in Monaco mit 3:29,91 min als erster Äthiopier unter der 3:30-Minuten-Marke blieb.

Persönliche Bestzeiten

 800 m: 1:44,99 min, 2. Juli 2013, Tomblaine
 1500 m: 3:29,91 min, 18. Juli 2014, Monaco
 Halle: 3:35,31 min, 3. Februar 2013, Moskau
 1 Meile: 3:48,60 min, 31. Mai 2014, Eugene (Oregon)

Weblinks

Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2012
800-Meter-Läufer (Äthiopien)
1500-Meter-Läufer (Äthiopien)
Olympiateilnehmer (Äthiopien)
Teilnehmer an den Afrikaspielen (Äthiopien)
Äthiopier
Geboren 1984
Mann

Aman Wote


Vaskút (em : Waschkut, Eisenbrunn; em : Baškut) é um município da Hungria, situado no condado de Bács-Kiskun. Tem  de área e sua população em 2015 foi estimada em 3.313 habitantes.

Localidades de Bács-Kiskun

Vaskút


Las premisas "La muerte del autor" o la "desaparición del autor" son planteamientos correspondientes a la teoría literaria contemporánea. Se intenta explicar que hoy en día es necesario saber que un texto escrito no pertenece a su autor, más bien pertenece a la cultura en general y al lector. Esto es porque todo texto son citas infinitas de otros textos, son ideas entrecruzadas que provienen del pasado cultural histórico. Es por ello que hoy en día el autor al escribir una novela, un cuento, un texto en general; desaparece, muere. Pues estas ideas infinitas que se plasman en el papel, no le pertenecen propiamente a él, sino más bien, a la cultura e historia en general. El autor debe desaparecer también, porque no existe un lector absoluto, por ende, serán muchas las interpretaciones que se les darán a una novela. Estas son teorías y prácticas de la literatura contemporánea, que permiten leer novelas o un texto cualquiera, teniendo en cuenta que el discurso escrito y el lector, son más relevantes que el autor. Hoy en día, muchos teóricos literarios y filósofos han estudiado sobre esto, por ejemplo Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault y Jacques Derrida.

Roland Barthes: "La muerte del autor"

Roland Barthes (Cherburgo, 12 de noviembre de 1915 – París, 25 de marzo de 1980) fue un escritor, filósofo, ensayista y semiólogo francés. Este estudioso escribió un texto teórico titulado La muerte del autor, donde se nos explica que el acto de escribir se reforma, un escrito es una reconstrucción, un reescrito, por ello que el autor desaparece o metafóricamente muere. Él afirma que la idea de autor tiene que ver con un gesto, con la idea de firma, de apropiarse de las ideas, sin embargo, hay que ser conscientes de que las ideas escritas en un papel, no son propias de cada persona, pertenecen a la cultura histórica en general. Por esto, plantea que para dar existencia al lector, la voz del autor debe desaparecer. Todo esto porque el discurso escrito no es una categoría fija, pues cada lector le da una posible interpretación a dicho texto. Por tanto, explica que el texto es una reescritura, es un tejido de citas donde se mezclan todas las culturas, se reescribe y se reactualiza, dejando de ser una categoría fija. Por esto, tiene que desaparecer el autor, para que pueda existir el lector, como un agente reconstructor. En definitiva se plantea que un texto es un entretejido de citas que vienen de distintos tipos de culturas. Hay que tener presente que el autor es una categoría moderna, por el sentido de pertenencia que entrega la firma. Es así como llega a la conclusión de que el autor es un personaje moderno donde solo importa el prestigio del individuo. Pero no se toma en cuenta que lo que escribe ese autor son ideas que pertenecen a la cultura y no propiamente a él. Hay que valorar el sentido de reconstrucción múltiple que tiene el texto, lo cual le permite interactuar con todos los otros textos, pues todos pertenecen a una propiedad: la cultura. Pero el sentido de pertenencia que está presente en esta época moderna, se da por el positivismo en la literatura, como resultado de la ideología capitalista, la cual da la máxima importancia al autor como persona propietaria de sus ideas, con las cuales puede lucrar. Hoy en día esto es posible porque importan mucho las biografías, los diarios, los manuales, etcétera, donde vemos cómo en gran parte la cultura tiene en su centro al autor. Esto tiene que ver con lo que el autor llama el poderoso imperio del autor. Si bien es un planteamiento de Barthes, Mallarmé también influye sobre él, diciendo que es el lenguaje el que habla y no el autor. Escribir es alcanzar el punto en el cual solo la lengua actúa. Así, el nacimiento del lector tiene que ocurrir a costa de la muerte del autor. Para los surrealistas el lenguaje no tiene una posición soberana, más bien tiene una idea de la escritura colectiva, donde se desacraliza la imagen del autor. Para Bertolt Brecht, para poder leer un texto, debe existir un alejamiento del autor, un distanciamiento de este y así obtener distintas perspectivas del texto.

Michel Foucault: "¿Qué es un autor?"

Michel Foucault (1926-1984) fue un historiador, filósofo y escritor francés. Entre sus consideraciones existen aquellas referidas a las teorías contemporáneas que plantean la muerte del autor en una obra literaria o cualquier texto escrito. Su texto que hace referencia a esto se llama "¿Qué es un autor?" (1969). Ahí se plantea principalmente que el autor está relacionado con la idea de la muerte, donde se explica que la obra sobrevive al autor; quien, como categoría, nunca fue tal en vida. La diferencia que tiene con los planteamientos de Barthes, es que aquí se expone que tanto autor como obra no son una categoría fija. Se agrega que la obra tiene derecho de matar al autor, por ello nace la pregunta: ¿qué es la obra? Esta, como se dijo, no es una categoría absoluta, es por tanto ¿lo que creó el autor? Para responder esto hay que pensar la escritura como ausencia, donde se conserva la muerte del autor y sobrevive la obra como tal. Es importante la idea de transdiscursividad que plantea este filósofo. Esto explica que un texto es una idea de citas infinitas donde todos pueden dialogar, el discurso es una posibilidad infinita, donde se instaura la discursividad, y la posibilidad infinita de aplicación. También es importante el planteamiento de reactualización, que expone que constantemente estamos volviendo a un discurso escrito, es imposible que solo lo leamos una vez, si más bien se lee constantemente las ideas en diferentes textos, que dialogan entre ellos. Se recalca la idea que no es solo el tema del sujeto que escribe en un lenguaje, se trata de la apertura del espacio donde el sujeto que escribe no deja de desaparecer. Vemos por tanto, el parentesco de la escritura con la muerte, el relato es el que remide esa muerte. Por ejemplo lo que ocurre con el libro Las mil y una noches, donde tanto el tema y el pretexto es no morir, donde se pretende hacer una obra y un tema infinita. Por lo tanto, la obra ahora tiene derecho a matar al autor, es preciso ocupar el lugar del muerto en la escritura, hacer una barredura de los caracteres individuales del sujeto que escribe, argumenta Foucault. Con todo esto, nace la pregunta: ¿Qué es una obra, es lo que escribió el autor? ¿Cómo se puede definir una obra? Esto se responde entendiendo que la palabra obra y unidad son problemáticas como categorías de autor, del cual no se pueden prescindir. Pero esto no ocurre si la noción de escritura le da al autor un estatus a su nueva ausencia, por lo que pasaría a ser sagrado el carácter de la escritura. Por todo esto que Foucault, el autor debe ser borrado en beneficio de las formas propias del discurso, pues no hay un sujeto absoluto que interprete las obras. Más bien, hay múltiples interpretaciones y múltiples ideas infinitas que completan este tejido de citas que es el discurso escrito.

Otros autores relacionados
Umberto Eco en "Lector in Fabula", entre otros, define al autor como una estrategia o función dentro del texto.
Jonathan Culler Con sus libros: «Deconstrucción», «Escritura y logocentrismo».
Jacques Derrida. Con su texto: "La estructura, el signo y el juego en el discurso de las ciencias humanas". La escritura y la diferencia.
Walter Ong. Con: Oralidad y escritura. Tecnología de la palabra.
Terry Eagleton Con su libro: "Una introducción a la teoría literaria"

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Roland Barthes. "La muerte de un autor". El susurro del lenguaje. Barcelona: Paidós, 1987. El placer del texto. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 1993.
 Michel Foucault. Qué es un autor? Entre filosofía y literatura. Obras esenciales I. Barcelona: Paidós, 1999.

Véase también

 Roland Barthes
 Michel Foucault
 Jonathan Culler
 Jacques Derrida
 Autor (Literatura)

Teoría literaria

La muerte del autor


تريسكو (كورنيش:Ynys Skaw) هي ثاني أكبر جزيرة في جزر سيلي الواقعة في كورنوال، بالمملكة المتحدة. تبلغ مساحتها 735 فدانًا (2.97 كيلو متر مربع).

النقل
تخلو تريسكو من السيارات. تُلحَق بجرارات المزارعين مقطورات للمسافرين لنقل السياح من وإلى تريسكو هيليبورت، ومن القوارب أيضًا. هناك أيضًا بعض عربات الجولف لنقل المعاقين من الزوار.

مراجع

جزر إنجلترا
جزر خاصة
حدائق في كورنوال
مناطق خالية من السيارات

تريسكو


Echiteae, tribus zimzelenovki, dio potporodice Apocynoideae. Postoji šest podtribusa.

Tribus je opisan 1830.

Rodovi
 Pentalinoninae Pichon ex M.E. Endress
 Angadenia Miers (2 spp.)
 Pentalinon Voigt (2 spp.)
 Salpinctes Woodson (2 spp.)
 Echitinae Kitt.
 Thoreauea J.K.Williams (3 spp.)
 Thenardia Kunth (3 spp.)
 Asketanthera Woodson (5 spp.)
 Echites P. Browne (15 spp.)
 Bahiella J. F. Morales (2 spp.)
 Prestoniinae Pichon ex M. E. Endress
 Prestonia R. Br. (67 spp.)
 Parsonsiinae Benth. & Hook. f.
 Artia Guillaumin (4 spp.)
 Ecua D. J. Middleton (1 sp.)
 Parsonsia R. Br. (86 spp.)
 Laubertiinae J. F. Morales, M. E. Endress & Liede
 Hylaea J. F. Morales (2 spp.)
 Laubertia A. DC. (4 spp.)
 Peltastinae Pichon ex M. E. Endress
 Rhodocalyx Müll. Arg. (1 sp.)
 Temnadenia Miers (3 spp.)
 Macropharynx Rusby (15 spp.)
 Mesechiteae Miers
 Forsteronia G. Mey. (44 spp.)
 Mandevilla Lindl. (188 spp.)
 Tintinnabularia Woodson (3 spp.)
 Allomarkgrafia Woodson (10 spp.)
 Mesechites Müll. Arg. (9 spp.)

Izvori

Apocynoideae

Echiteae


Pietro Antonio Lorenzoni (født 1721 i Cles i Tyrol, død 1782 Saluzburg) var en østrigsk maler, der menes at have malet flere portrætter af Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart og hans familie: "Drengen Mozart" (1763), hans søster Maria Anna Mozartt i "Nannerl som barn" (1763) og et portræt af deres far Leopold Mozart (ca. 1765). Han ankom til Salzburg, Østrig i 1740'erne og ønskede først at male Wolfgang og Nannerl. Hans protégé, Johann Nepomuk della Croce, malede et Mozarts familieportræt i 1780.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Malere fra Italien

Pietro Antonio Lorenzoni


Tyr; tek eli ve gözünün olmadığı belirtilen, İskandinav mitolojisinde savaş tanrısıdır. Simgesi yukarı doğru ok şeklindedir. Bu oku  Vikingler savaşa gitmeden önce savaş aletlerine çizerlerdi. Cermenlerin dilinde "Ziu" olarak bilinir. Anglo Saksonlardaki adı "Tue"'dur. İngilizcede Tyr'ün kutsal günü olan Salı gününe Tuesday (Tue'nun günü) denir. Adının diğer Cermen halklarındaki telaffuzları Tsiu, Tiwaz, Zeo, Dio, Dieu ve Tiw'dur. İsmi etimolojik olarak Hint-Avrupa kökenli Dyaus kökünden olan Zeus ve Dionysos'la aynı kökten gelmektedir.

Karısı savaş ve bereket tanrıçalarından Zisa (Cisa)'dır. Bu isim de kendi isminin dişil versiyonudur.

Nesir Edda'da Odin'in oğlu olarak geçer. Ragnarök'te cehennem tazısı Garma atılacak ve ikisi birbirini öldürecek.

Tyr ve Fenrir

1. Yorumu
Kâhinler, kötülük sembolü Loki'nin oğullarından biri olan, kurt Fenrir'in gelecekte dünyanın sonunu getireceğine dair bir haber alırlar. Bu yüzden, daha bebeklikten itibaren Fenrir'i zincire vururlar. Fenrir'e göz-kulak olmayı kabul eden tanrı ise, Odin'in oğullarından biri olan Tyr'dür. Fenrir bir şekilde tüm zincirlerden kurtulmayı başarır ve o an hıncını alamayarak çevresine saldırmaya başlar. Bu sırada Tyr, sağ elini Fenrir'e kaptırır. Bu nedenle Tyr, çoğu İskandinav tasvirinde tek elli olarak tanımlanır.

2. Yorumu
Aynı mitin daha yaygın bir halinde ise Tyr, Fenrir'in bakıcısı olarak tasvir edilir. Odin, Fenrir'i diğer kardeşlerini aksine hemen cezalandırmamış onun büyümesini izlemiştir. Fenrir muazzam boyutlara ulaşıp bir ancak tanrıya ait olabilecek bir ses ile konuşmaya başlayınca Odin artık onu zincirlenmesi gerektiğine karar verir. Sonuçta rüyalarında gördüğü, onu dişleri arasında çiğ çiğ yiyen hayvana, fazlasıyla benzemeye başlamıştır.

Bu nedenle bizzat bakıcısı olan Tyr'yi ve daha birçok tanrıyı bir oyun için davet eder. Bu oyun oyundan ziyade bir iddia gibidir ve kuralları oldukça basittir. Kudretli Fenrir zincire bağlanacak ve o zincirleri kırmaya çalışacaktır. Odin en ağır zincirleri üretmiş ve Fenrir'i onlarla bağlamıştır. Fenrir'in bu zincirleri hiç zorlanmadan kırması ise Odin'in korkusunu körüklemekten başka işe yaramamıştır.

Odin bu "oyunu" 2. sefer tekrarlamadan önce öyle bir zincir üretmiştir ki hiçbir insanın bu zinciri tek başına kaldırması mümkün değildir. Fenrir bu zincirlerle bağlanmasının ardından bir süre duraksamıştır. Fakat Tyr'dan aldığı cesaret ile tekrar neredeyse hiç zorlanmadan zincirleri kırmıştır.

3. seferde ise Odin, Fenrir'in sonuza dek zincirli kalacağından emin olmak için demir işçliğinin ustalarına yani cücelere gitmiştir. Cüceler yeryüzünde bulunan en nadir maddeleri kullanarak bir zincir üretmiştir. Bu maddeler bir kedinin ayak izleri, bir balığın nefesi, dağların ve ayıların sinirleridir.

Bu zincire Gleipnir dendi. Kızılması ya da yıpratılması imkansız olan bir zincir. Fakat buna rağmen zincir sadece bir iplik gibi gözüküyordu.

2 tane zincir kırmasının ardından böyle bir iplikle ona meydan okunmasına şaşıran Fenrir burada bir sahtekarlık olduğunu anladı. Ardından meydan okumayı ancak 1 şartla kabul edeceğini söyledi. Bu şart o zinciri kırmaya çalışırken Tyr'nin elini onun ağızında tutmasıydı. Savaşın yanında düelloların da tanrısı olan Tyr ona herhangi bir şekilde meydan okunduğunda varoluşunun amacı gereği kabul ederdi. Fakat ipeğe sarılmasının ardından kurtulamadığını anlayan Fenrir Odin'n oyununa geldiğini anında anladı. Anında ağızını kapatarak Tyr'nin kolunu kopardı. Tyr'nin çığlığı Midgardı bile inletti.

Aesir
İskandinav tanrıları
Cermen mitolojisi
Adalet tanrıları
Savaş tanrıları

Týr


Svijet

Otkrića

Osnivanja

Događaji

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Otkrića

Osnivanja

Događaji

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

 Grgur Bučić, hrvatski prirodoslovac: ihtiolog, oceanograf, meteorolog, voditelj meteorološke postaje, konstruktor meteoroloških uređaja, entomolog, a bavio se i klimatologijom, paleontologijom, mineralogijom i arheologijom († )

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Meteorologija u 1829.


Giovanni da Pian del Carpine  (or Carpini;  anglicised as John of Plano Carpini;  – 1 August 1252) was a medieval Italian diplomat, Catholic archbishop, explorer and one of the first Europeans to enter the court of the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. He was the author of the earliest important Western account of northern and Central Asia, Rus', and other regions of the Mongol dominion. He served as the Primate of Serbia, based in Antivari, from 1247 to 1252.

Life before the journey
Giovanni appears to have been a native of Umbria, in central Italy. His surname was derived from Pian del Carpine (literally "Hornbeam Plain"), an area known later as Magione, between Perugia and Cortona. He was one of the companions and disciples of his near-contemporary and countryman Saint Francis of Assisi.

Highly esteemed within the Franciscan order, Giovanni had a prominent role in the propagation of its teachings in northern Europe, holding in succession the offices of warden (custos) in Saxony and provincial (minister) of Germany. He may also have held positions in Barbary and Cologne, and been provincial of Spain.

Background to his travels
Giovanni was a provincial of Germany at the time of the great Mongol invasion of eastern Europe and the Battle of Legnica (modern Legnickie Pole) on 9 April 1241. The defeat of European forces at Legnica almost led to Ögedei, Khan of the Mongol Empire, controlling most of Eastern Europe.

In Europe, dread of the "Tatars" (Mongols) was still widespread four years later, when Pope Innocent IV decided to dispatch the first formal Catholic mission to the Mongols. The missionaries were sent partly in protest at the Mongol invasion of Christendom and partly to gain information regarding the Khan's intentions and military strength.

Travels
Pope Innocent IV chose Giovanni to head the mission and apparently was in charge of nearly everything in the mission. As a papal legate, he bore a letter from the Pope to the Great Khan, Cum non solum. "At the age of sixty-three Carpini embarked from Lyon," where the Pope then resided, on Easter day (16 April 1245), accompanied by another friar, Stephen of Bohemia, who broke down at Kaniv near Kyiv and was left behind. After seeking counsel of an old friend, Wenceslaus, king of Bohemia, Giovanni was joined at Wrocław by another Franciscan, Benedykt Polak, who was appointed to act as interpreter.

The route passed by Kyiv, entered the Tatar posts at Kaniv and then ran across the Nepere to the Don and Volga. Giovanni is the first Westerner to give the modern names for those rivers. On the Volga stood the Ordu, or camp, of Batu, the famous conqueror of eastern Europe and supreme Mongol commander on the western frontiers of the empire. He was one of the most senior princes of the house of Genghis Khan. There, the envoys, with their presents, had to pass between two fires to remove possible injurious thoughts and poisons, before being presented to the prince (early April 1246).

Batu ordered them to proceed to the court of the supreme Khan in Mongolia. On Easter day once more (8 April 1246), they started on the second and most formidable part of their journey. They were "so ill", wrote the legate, "that we could scarcely sit a horse; and throughout all that Lent our food had been nought but millet with salt and water, and with only snow melted in a kettle for drink". Their bodies were tightly bandaged so that they could endure the excessive fatigue of the enormous ride, which took them across the Jaec, or Ural River and north of the Caspian Sea and the Aral to the Jaxartes or Syr Darya (quidam fluvius magnus cujus nomen ignoramus, "a big river whose name we do not know") and the Muslim cities that stood on its banks. Then they went along the shores of the lakes of Dzungaria until, on the feast of St Mary Magdalene (22 July), they reached the imperial camp called Sira Orda (Yellow Pavilion), near Karakorum and the Orkhon River. Giovanni and his companions rode an estimated 3000 miles in 106 days.

Since the death of Ögedei Khan, the imperial authority was in interregnum and Güyük, Ögedei's eldest son, was designated to the throne. His formal election in a great Kurultai, or diet of the tribes, took place while the friars were at Sira Orda, which entailed the gathering of 3000 to 4000 envoys and deputies from all parts of Asia and eastern Europe, bearing homage, tribute and presents. On 24 August they witnessed the formal enthronement at another camp in the vicinity called the Golden Ordu, and they were then presented to the new emperor.

The great Khan, Güyük, refused the invitation to become Christian and demanded rather that the Pope and rulers of Europe should come to him and swear allegiance to him, a demand recorded in a letter from Güyük Khan to Pope Innocent IV. The Khan did not dismiss the expedition until November. He gave them a letter to the Pope written in Mongol, Arabic, and Latin that was a brief imperious assertion of the Khan's office as the scourge of God. They began a long winter journey home. Often, they had to lie on the bare snow or on ground scraped bare of snow with a foot. They reached Kiev on 10 June 1247. There and on their further journey the Slavonic Christians welcomed them as risen from the dead with festive hospitality. Crossing the Rhine at Cologne, they found the Pope still at Lyon and delivered their report and the Khan's letter.

Not long afterward, Giovanni was rewarded with the archbishopric of Primate of Serbia in Antivari in Dalmatia, and was sent as legate to Louis IX of France. He lived only five years following the hardships of his journey. He died, according to the Franciscan Martyrology and other authorities, on 1 August 1252.

Books

The Ystoria Mongalorum is the report compiled by Carpine, of his trip to the Mongol Empire. Written in the 1240s, it is the oldest European account of the Mongols. Carpine was the first European to try to chronicle Mongol history. Two versions of the Ystoria Mongalorum are known to exist: Carpine's own and another, usually referred to as the Tartar Relation.

Erik Hildinger translated Giovanni's book into English.

See also
Exploration of Asia
Dzungarian Gate

References

Further reading

External links

 , handed by Giovanni da Pian del Carpine

1180s births
1252 deaths
13th-century explorers
13th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Serbia
Archbishops of Antivari
Diplomats of the Holy See
Explorers of Asia
Italian explorers
Italian Friars Minor
Roman Catholic missionaries in Mongolia
Roman Catholic missionaries in Tibet
Year of birth uncertain
13th-century Italian writers
13th-century writers in Latin

Giovanni da Pian del Carpine


La Ruta N.º 76 es una Ruta nacional de Uruguay.
Su trazado se extiende totalmente en el departamento de Florida.

Caracterícas
La carretera se divide en diferentes tramos, el principal bajo jurisdicción nacional, va desde la ruta 77 a la altura del km 24.250 y se extiende en sentido oeste-este hasta la localidad de 25 de Mayo (su kilometraje va en sentido contrario este-oeste desde el kilómetro0 al kilómetro5.450. Los restantes tramos corresponde a jurisdicción departamental (IDF), el primero de ellos comienza en el extremo sur de la localidad de 25 de Mayo y se extiende hacia el este hasta la localidad de Mendoza a la altura de la Ruta 5 luego de pasar por la represa de Paso Severino, actualmente se corresponde con el camino UYFD0028.

Existe otro tramo (que formaba parte de la vieja ruta 76) que parte de la localidad de Mendoza Chico y se extiende hasta el viejo Camino de las Tropas.

El antiguo trazado que iba directamente desde la ruta 77 hasta Camino de las Tropas, atravesando la localidad de Mendoza Chico , debió ser modificado al actual debido a la formación del lago de la represa de Paso Severino.

Referencias

 076
Departamento de Florida

Ruta 76 (Uruguay)


Pași spre lună este un film de aventuri științifico-fantastic românesc din 1964, regizat de Ion Popescu-Gopo.

Rezumat

Filmul are în prim-plan un cosmonaut din anul 2000 jucat de Radu Beligan care, din cauza unei defecțiuni, se întoarce în preistorie și va parcurge toată evoluția umanității.

Distribuție

 Radu Beligan — călătorul terestru către Lună
 Florin Piersic — Prometeu, titanul înlănțuit de o stâncă
 Ion Anghel — un troglodit
 Cornel Gîrbea — alt troglodit
 Liliana Tomescu — o troglodită
 Elena Fira — Cupidon, zeul iubirii (menționată Ileana Fira)
 Grigore Vasiliu Birlic — Mercur, zeul comerțului
 Ovid Teodorescu — Califul din Bagdad (menționat Ovidiu Teodorescu)
 Irina Petrescu — Artemis, zeița vânătorii
 Dem. Savu — un zeu din Olimp
 Vasile Boghiță — alt zeu din Olimp
 Rodica Istrate — o zeiță din Olimp
 Amatto Checiulescu — alt zeu din Olimp
 Viorica Popescu — Îngerul (menționată Viorica Oana Popescu)
 Ion Manu — Dracul
 Tudorel Popa — Alchimistul
 George Demetru — Galileo Galilei, astronom italian
 Jean Lorin Florescu — Marele inchizitor
 Dorin Dron — inchizitor 1 / polițistul spațial
 Nicolae Ifrim — inchizitor 2
 Arcadie Donos — inchizitor 3
 Cristache Zaharia — inchizitor 4
 Nuți Renea — Cadâna
 Corina Iliescu — Fata din lac
 Dumitru Chesa — somnambul 1 (menționat Chesa Dumitru)
 Horia Căciulescu — somnambul 2
 Tudose Martinică — somnambul 3
 Emil Botta — Leonardo da Vinci, savant italian (menționat Emil Bota)
 Eugenia Popovici — Gioconda, femeie imortalizată de Leonardo da Vinci într-o pictură
 Ion Popescu-Lac — Cyrano de Bergerac, militar și poet francez, erou al unei celebre piese de teatru (menționat Popescu Lac)
 Alexandru Ciprian — Edmond Rostand, dramaturg francez
 Ana-Maria Popescu — Roxana, iubita lui Cyrano (menționată Anamaria Popescu)
 Horia Șerbănescu — Voltaire, filozof francez
 Marcel Anghelescu — Baronul Münchhausen, celebru personaj literar german
 Ștefan Tapalagă — Jules Verne, scriitor francez (menționat Ștefan Tăpălagă)
 Ștefan Niculescu-Cadet — H. G. Wells, scriitor englez (menționat Niculescu Cadet)
 Valeria Rădulescu — vocea Selenei
 Nucu Păunescu — funcționar de la aerodrom (nemenționat)

Producție
Filmul nu are dialog pe lângă un cântec în limba italiană. Filmările ai avut loc în perioada 18 aprilie – 30 iunie 1963, cele interioare la Buftea și la București. Cheltuieli de producție s-au ridicat la 3.900.000 lei.

Primire
Filmul Pași spre lună a avut succes la public, fiind vizionat de 1.789.345 de spectatori la cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31.12.2007 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Premii
 1964 - Mamaia - Premiul pentru regie
 1964 - Trieste - Diploma și Statueta sculptorului Mascherini

Note

Legături externe

Filme din 1964
Filme regizate de Ion Popescu-Gopo
Filme românești
Filme fără dialoguri
Filme SF românești
Filme SF din anii 1960
Filme cu călătorii în timp
Filme de aventură românești

Pași spre lună


10,000 Kids and a Cop este un film de scurt metraj american din 1948 regizat de Charles Barton. În rolurile principale joacă Bud Abbott și Lou Costello.

Note

Legături externe

Filme din 1948
Filme în limba engleză
Filme americane
Filme regizate de Charles Barton
Filme documentare americane

10,000 Kids and a Cop


Pōniuāʻena (nom hawaïen signifiant « tourné jusqu'à ce qu'il brille »), aussi désigné J100758.264+211529.207 et abrégé en J1007+2115, est l'un des quasars les plus lointains à avoir été observé (août 2022). Son décalage vers le rouge est de 7,52, soit une distance de voyage de la lumière de 13,02 milliards d'années-lumière et une distance comobile de 29,3 milliards d'années-lumière. Ce quasar est le deuxième quasar le plus lointain à comporter un trou noir d'une masse supérieure à 1 milliard de masses solaires, juste après le quasar QSO J0313-1806. Il a été découvert début juin 2020 par une équipe d'astronomes hawaïens grâce au télescope Keck I de l'observatoire W. M. Keck, mais n'est révélé qu'en fin juin 2020. Les seules quasars plus distants connus sont ULAS J1342+0928 (z = 7,54) et QSO J0313-1806 (z = 7,64).

Caractéristiques
Pōniuāʻena est un quasar qui date de l'époque de la réionisation. Lors de sa découverte, l'équipe de chercheurs réalise une spectroscopie en proche infrarouge. Cette spectroscopie révèle que le trou noir de 1,5 milliard de masses solaires est en phase de grossissement rapide et qu'il est entouré d'un disque d'accrétion très dense et riche en hydrogène neutre. Le disque d'accrétion produit un scintillement infrarouge et radio. Une autre spectroscopie est réalisée avec le grand réseau d'antennes millimétrique/submillimétrique de l'Atacama (en abrégé ALMA), qui révèle que la protogalaxie de Pōniuāʻena est en proie à une grande formation d'étoile : plus de ∼210 M⊙ seraient transformées en étoiles chaque année. Les modèles de grossissement des trous noirs prédisent qu'un tel trou noir ne devrait pas exister à ce moment précis. Si l'on utilise ces mêmes modèles, le trou noir se trouvant au centre de Pōniuāʻena devrait avoir une masse de . Les données de la spectroscopie de l'ALMA ont montré que le Pōniuāʻena est âgé d'environ 13,7 milliards d'années. Au vu de l'âge et de la masse du trou noir, il s'agirait d'un trou noir à effondrement direct.

Articles connexes

 Listes de quasars
 Quasar

Références

Source externe

Quasar
Objet céleste primordial

Pōniuāʻena


Saint-Jean-de-Galaure est, depuis le , une commune nouvelle française située dans le département de la Drôme en région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

Géographie
La commune nouvelle regroupe les communes de La Motte-de-Galaure et de Mureils qui deviennent des communes déléguées, le . Son chef-lieu se situe à La Motte-de-Galaure. Elle est peuplée de 1265 habitants.

Localisation
Localisée en Drôme des collines dans la vallée de la Galaure, la commune se situe dans le canton de Saint-Vallier (à 9 km) et l'arrondissement de Valence. Elle est située à une soixantaine de kilomètres au sud de Lyon, à une distance similaire à l'ouest de Grenoble et à 30 km au nord du chef-lieu du département de la Drôme.

Géologie et relief

Hydrographie

Climat

Voies de communication et transports

Urbanisme

Toponymie

Histoire

Politique et administration
Au moment de la création de la commune et jusqu'à son prochain renouvellement, le conseil municipal de la commune nouvelle de Saint-Jean-de-Galaure est composé de l'ensemble des membres en exercice des conseils municipaux des deux anciennes communes.

Liste des maires

Population et société

Démographie

Économie

Culture locale et patrimoine

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Liste des communes de la Drôme
 Liste des communes nouvelles créées en 2022

Liens externes

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Commune dans la Drôme
Commune nouvelle dans la Drôme
Commune fondée en 2022

Saint-Jean-de-Galaure


Onthophagus peyrierasi é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Paulian em 1985.

Referências

Ligações externas

peyrierasi
Coleópteros descritos em 1985

Onthophagus peyrierasi


News From Indian Country was a privately owned newspaper, published once a month in the United States, founded by the journalist Paul DeMain (Ojibwe/Oneida) in 1986, who served as a managing editor and an owner. It was the oldest continuing, nationally distributed publication that was not owned by a tribal government. It offered national, cultural and regional sections, and "the most up-to-date pow-wow directory in the United States and Canada," according to its website. The newspaper was offered both in print and electronic form and has subscribers throughout the United States, Canada and 17 other countries.

Due to the independence and persistence of DeMain and the paper in covering controversial topics in Indian Country since 2002, including investigations of the murders of Anna Mae Aquash and others at the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation from 1973 to 1975, he and the paper were honored with major awards from the Native American Journalists Association (NAJA) and the Payne Award for Ethics in Journalism from the University of Oregon.

In August 2019, after 33 years, News From Indian Country published its last issue.

Background
DeMain founded the newspaper in 1986 after returning to the Lac Courte Oreilles Indian Reservation (LCO) from the capital Madison, Wisconsin.  He had worked as Indian Affairs Advisor for Wisconsin governor Tony Earl, serving as a liaison in his outreach with Native Americans.

DeMain had previously worked for the Lac Courte Oreille tribe as its public information officer from 1978 to 1982; he published the tribe's newspaper, then the LCO Journal. He is the managing editor and chief executive officer of Indian Country Communications Inc. (ICC), a Wisconsin registered stock corporation, which has published the newspaper since 1987. As of 2007, seven Native Americans are registered as stock holders of the privately owned company. The offices of ICC are located on Highway K, near the tribe's business district, on the Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe Reservation near Hayward, Wisconsin.

Nationwide attention to jurisdictional conflicts over tribal treaty rights in Wisconsin and Minnesota helped the new publication spread its reach, while a rapidly spreading Indian gaming industry provided a source of advertising revenue in its early years. Owners have capitalized on emerging desk-top publishing and information management technology to keep up with an expanding market.

For 20 years, Pat Calliotte, one of the founding members, was the associate editor, until her death on November 17, 2006. Kimberlie R. Acosta (aka Kimberlie R. Hall) has worked with the paper since 1991; she is the associate editor and advertising director. She is best known for her photography of native musicians throughout Indian Country from 1997 to present.

News From Indian Country is the oldest nationally distributed Native publication which is independent and not owned by a tribal government. Columnists for NFIC include George-Kanentiio (Mohawk) from Akwesasne, New York, and Richard Wagamese (Ojibwe), a Canadian award-winning writer now residing in Kamloops, British Columbia. The newspaper has broken new ground online with IndianCountryTV, which began in 2008. IndianCountryTV brings the Native community to the world on a grassroots level, showing interviews, news stories and music videos. IndianCountryTV is the creator of RezStyle, with host Kimberlie R. Acosta, and the Native News Update, with anchor Kimberlie Acosta.

Independent journalism
Since 2002, News From Indian Country has broken stories related to the investigation of murders during the 1970s at the Oglala Sioux Tribe Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota. These include the American Indian Movement activist Anna Mae Aquash, whose maiden and legal name at the time of her death was Annie Mae Pictou, in December 1975; the FBI special agents Ronald A. Williams and Jack Coler earlier in 1975; and the Black civil rights activist Perry Ray Robinson, who had disappeared during the Wounded Knee Incident in 1973 and who was believed to have been murdered by AIM activists.

The paper's coverage contributed to federal investigations and attracted controversy for its implication of AIM leadership in the murder of Aquash, the highest-ranking woman in AIM. In January 2003, the US government began a grand jury hearing in Rapid City on the murder of Aquash. Based on the information DeMain had learned from people in the tribes, in March 2003 he wrote editorials in which he withdrew his previous support of clemency for Leonard Peltier. Soon after, a former AIM member, Ka-Mook Nichols, told DeMain that she had witnessed Peltier bragging about shooting the FBI agents. In March 2003, the US government indicted two men for the murder of Aquash.

Peltier sued DeMain and News From Indian Country sued for libel by Peltier in May 2003. Some considered this an attempt to expose Nichols (on whom DeMain had relied in 2002 as one of three confidential sources of information) prior to her public testimony during the trial of Arlo Looking Cloud in 2004 for the murder of Aquash. Peltier dropped the lawsuit against News From Indian Country shortly after Looking Cloud's trial, with a settlement out of court.

Looking Cloud was tried and convicted in 2004. Witnesses in the trial testified to believing that AIM leaders had ordered the murder of Aquash because of fear that she was an FBI informer (she was interrogated at gunpoint) and would tell about having heard Peltier confess to the murders of the FBI agents Williams and Coler. John Graham was tried by the state of South Dakota in 2010 after extradition from Canada and convicted in 2010 of the felony murder of Aquash. Tracy Rios, a Lakota activist, was indicted with Graham; she made a plea bargain and pleaded guilty to charges as an accessory to the kidnapping of Aquash. A third man, Vine Richard "Dick" Marshall, bodyguard to the AIM leader Russell Means in 1975, was indicted in 2008 for aiding and abetting the murder by providing the murder weapon, but he was acquitted at trial in 2010.

Honors
2002, DeMain was given the Wassaja Award, for courage by journalists covering Indian country. It was awarded by the Native American Journalists Association Board of Directors for his reporting on the imprisoned activist Leonard Peltier and the murder of Pictou-Aquash.
2003, DeMain was honored with the Payne Award for Ethics in Journalism by the University of Oregon for his editorials in News From Indian Country that expressed his withdrawal of previous support of clemency for Leonard Peltier.

References

External links and sources
 Official website
Indian Country TV
 Native American Journalists Association

National newspapers published in the United States
Native American newspapers
Newspapers published in Wisconsin
Newspapers established in 1986
1986 establishments in Wisconsin

News From Indian Country


Cette page concerne les évènements survenus en 1997 en Finlande  :

Sport
 Championnat de Finlande de football 1997
 Championnat de Finlande de hockey sur glace 1996-1997
 Championnat de Finlande de hockey sur glace 1997-1998
 Organisation du championnat du monde de hockey sur glace
 Organisation des championnats d'Europe espoirs d'athlétisme

Culture

Sortie de film
 Sairaan kaunis maailma

Création
 Bomfunk MC's

 Hartwall Arena

Dissolution

Naissance
 , biathlète.
 , nageuse.
 Piia Korhonen, volleyeuse.
 , personnalité politique.
 , lutteur.
 , joueur de hockey sur glace.

Décès
 , actrice.
 Kustaa Adolf Inkeri, mathématicien et astronome.
 , peintre.
 , personnalité politique.
 , journaliste.
 , sculpteur.

Notes et références

1997 en Finlande

1997 en Finlande


Aldington puede hacer referencia a:

 Aldington, una parroquia civil y un pueblo en el condado de Kent (Inglaterra).
 Aldington, una parroquia civil y un pueblo en el condado de Worcestershire (Inglaterra).
 Richard Aldington (1892–1962), un escritor y poeta británico.
 Baronía de Aldington, un título nobiliario del Reino Unido.

Aldington


[em] war ein deutsches Pianotrio, das von 2002 bis 2013 existierte. Die Jazzcombo sorgte bereits mit ihrem im Januar 2005 veröffentlichten Debüt Call it [em] für Aufsehen. Das Trio bestand aus dem Pianisten Michael Wollny, der Kontrabassistin Eva Kruse und dem Schlagzeuger Eric Schaefer. Der Name der Gruppe setzt sich aus den Initialen der Vornamen Michael Wollnys und seiner Mitmusiker Eva Kruse und Eric Schaefer zusammen. Zudem ist [em] die phonetische Schreibweise des Buchstabens "M", der auf die Seite gekippt als eine – das Trio symbolisierende – "3" gelesen werden kann.

Geschichte
Gegründet wurde das Trio, zunächst als Eva Kruse Trio, bereits im Jahr 2002: "Weil wir jedoch alle Stücke beigetragen haben und die Band gemeinsam finanzierten, war irgendwann klar, dass das nicht meine, sondern unsere Band ist. Daraus wurde dann [em]." Drei Jahre später erschien das in einem Göteborger Studio aufgenommene Debüt als Auftakt der Reihe Young German Jazz des Plattenlabels ACT. Noch im Sommer desselben Jahres feierten die drei Musiker in nur einer Woche ihren Einstand beim Festival JazzBaltica im schleswig-holsteinischen Salzau, beim kanadischen Festival International de Jazz de Montréal und beim North Sea Jazz Festival im holländischen Den Haag. In der im März 2008 erschienenen Ausgabe der Zeitschrift Pianonews zählte der Kritiker Tom Fuchs das Trio zu den "Shooting Stars der jungen, nachwachsenden Jazzgeneration hierzulande". In seiner Besprechung des ersten Live-Albums des Trios urteilte Thorsten Hings in der Zeitschrift Jazz Podium (Oktober 2010):

Fast zeitgleich meinte Die Welt, dass das Trio weit mehr bestaunt werde als andere deutsche Bands der letzten 20 Jahre. Auf der 2012 erschienenen CD Wasted & Wanted firmierte das Trio als Michael Wollny's [em].

Auszeichnungen (Auswahl)
 2006: Ronnie Scott's Jazz Award – Most Promising International Newcomer
 2007: Track of the Year der britischen BBC für die Komposition Another Mr Lizard
 2009: BMW Welt Jazz Award
 2011: ECHO Jazz – Ensemble des Jahres National; Neuer Deutscher Jazzpreis
 2013: ECHO Jazz – Ensemble des Jahres National

Diskografie
 Call it [em]. ACT, 2005
 [em] II. ACT, 2006
 [em] III. ACT, 2008
 [em] live. ACT, 2010
 Wasted & Wanted. ACT, 2012

Weblinks
 Eintrag (Goethe-Institut)

Einzelnachweise

Jazzband
Deutsche Band

Em (Trio)