Arachniopsis monodactyla é uma espécie de planta do gênero Arachniopsis e da família Lepidoziaceae.

Taxonomia

O seguinte sinônimo já foi catalogado:
 Monodactylopsis monodactyla  (Spruce) R.M.Schust.

Forma de vida
É uma espécie epixila e em tramas.

Descrição
Plantas folhosas, caulídios ramificados, ramificação ventral, irregular, caulídios em secção transversal sem diferenciação clara dos tecidos centrais e corticais, translúcidos, sem flagelos nem rebentos flageliformes ou ramos, sem paráfilas, crescimento acrogineos.

As células dos filídios são sem trigônios, lisas. Há rizóides presentes, incolores , ramos dorsiventral, com as duas fileiras laterais mais ou menos iguais em tamanho e a posição ventral ausente, não imbricados, filídios marcadamente assimétricos, sub-transversalmente inseridos, a metade dorsal mais ou menos transversal, a metade ventral oblíqua, alternadas, base com duas células, distantes, súcubo, margens inteiras, planas, não ou apenas ligeiramente decurrente dorsalmente, lobos tão profundamente divididas que quase se reduzem a longas, delgado, bi até uni seriados segmentos.

Os anfigastros são ausentes,sem corpos oleosos, gemas ausentes, bisexuado, tendo a gametângio agrupada em inflorescências brácteas, autóicos, ramos masculinos, possuindo muitos anteridios, pedunculados, não misturado com paráfises, ramos femininos pouco diferenciado, marsúpio presente, mas vestigial, brácteas presente, maiores que os filídios, bractéola presente, perianto distalmente plicado, sem bico, caliptra ausente, esporófito elevado por alongamento da cerda, sem meristema intercalar, cápsula globosa, sem columela, parede da cápsula uma camada de células, cor preta, abertura por quatro valvas, esporos unicelular quando liberado, elatérios presente, uma célula alongada, biespiralados, livres, elateróforo apical.

Conservação
A espécie faz parte da Lista Vermelha das espécies ameaçadas do estado do Espírito Santo, no sudeste do Brasil. A lista foi publicada em 13 de junho de 2005 por intermédio do decreto estadual nº 1.499-R.

Distribuição
A espécie é encontrada no estado brasileiro de Amazonas.

Notas
Contém texto em CC-BY-SA 4.0 de Peralta, D.F.; Amelio, L.A.; Souza, A.M.; Carmo, D.M.; Santos, E.L.; Valente, E.B.; Oliveira, H.C.; Lima, J.S.; Prochazka, L.S. Lepidoziaceae  in Flora e Funga do Brasil.

Ligações externas
 Arachniopsis monodactyla no projeto Flora e Funga do Brasil

Jungermanniales
Flora do Espírito Santo (estado)
Espécies citadas na Lista Vermelha de Ameaça da Flora Brasileira
Espécies citadas na Lista de Espécies da Flora Ameaçadas do Espírito Santo

Arachniopsis monodactyla


Ferdinand Baston de La Riboisière oder Lariboisière (* 5. Oktober 1790 in Fougères; † 12. September 1812 in Russland) war ein französischer Kavallerieoffizier der Grande Armée.

Leben
Bonaventure-Ferdinand Baston de La Riboisière war der jüngere Sohn des Artilleriegenerals Jean-Ambroise Baston, Graf von La Riboisière (1759–1812). Seine Mutter war Marie-Jeanne Le Beschu de La Raslaye (1760–1844).

Ferdinand wurde 1806 Page Napoleons am französischen Kaiserhof. 1808 war er als Soldat er in Spanien und 1809 in Deutschland. Als Leutnant in der 3. Kompanie des 1. Regiments Karabiniers (schwere Kavallerie) machte er den Russlandfeldzug 1812 mit. In der Schlacht von Borodino (7. September 1812) von einer Kugel getroffen, erlag er wenige Tage später seiner Verwundung. Vergeblich hatte sich der Leibchirurg des Kaisers, Alexandre-Urbain Yvan, um ihn bemüht.

Napoleon verlieh Lariboisière noch auf dem Schlachtfeld das Kreuz der Ehrenlegion. Louis-François Lejeune, General und Maler, verewigte die Szene in seinem Gemälde Bataille de la Moskowa, 7. septembre 1812 (1822, Versailles, musée national des châteaux de Versailles et de Trianon).

Sein Herz ruht, wie das seines ebenfalls beim Russlandfeldzug umgekommenen Vaters, in der Kapelle des Schlosses von Monthorin in Louvigné-du-Désert, dem 1807 erworbenen Wohnsitz seiner Familie.

Literatur
 Art. La Riboisière (Ferdinand, Baston de). In: Anatole Granges de Surgères: Iconographie bretonne, ou Liste de portraits dessinés, gravés ou lithographies de personnages nés en Bretagne ou appartenant à l'histoire de cette province, Bd. 2: L – Z. Plihon et Hervé, Rennes / Alphonse Picard, Paris 1889, S. 37.

Person in den Koalitionskriegen (Frankreich)
Mitglied der Ehrenlegion (Ritter)
Franzose
Geboren 1790
Gestorben 1812
Mann

Ferdinand Baston de La Riboisière


Die Autobahn Hegang-Dalian oder Heda-Autobahn (), chin. Abk. G11, ist eine Autobahn im Nordosten Chinas, die von der Stadt Hegang in der Provinz Heilongjiang zur Küstenmetropole Dalian in Liaoning verläuft. Die Autobahn wird nach Fertigstellung eine Länge von 1.474 km erreichen. Die Autobahn ist die östlichste Nord-Süd-Autobahn in China und verläuft unweit der Grenzen zu Russland und Nordkorea sowie entlang der Nordküste des Gelben Meeres. Weite Strecken sind noch nicht in Betrieb, vor allem in der Provinz Jilin.

Einzelnachweise

Autobahn in der Volksrepublik China
Straße in Asien
Straße in Heilongjiang
Straße in Jilin
Straße in Liaoning

Autobahn Hegang-Dalian


جامعة شرق أنجليا  هي إحدى الجامعات البحثية الحكومية في نورويتش في بريطانيا. تأسست الجامعة في العام 1963 وهي إحدى الأعضاء المؤسسين لمجموعة 1994 للجامعات البحثية. وقد حلت هذه الجامعة في المرتبة العشرين بين الجامعات البريطانية حسب تصنيف لمجلة التايمز البريطانية في العام 2008 ومن أول الجامعات وطنياً على مستوى رضا الطلبة في تصنيف تم إجراءه في العام 2006. كما حلت الجامعة في المرتبة 57 على مستوى أوروبا، كما كانت ضمن أفضل 200 جامعة على مستوى العالم في التصنيف الأكاديمي لجامعات العالم في العام 2007 والذي تقوم على نشره جامعة شانغهاي جياو تونغ.

مكانة الجامعة الأكاديمية

تتبوأ الجامعة مكانة أكاديمية مرموقة وطنياً وعالمياً، وهي الجامعة البريطانية التي فيها أحد كليات الطبية الحديثة في المملكة المتحدة وحلت هذه الكلية في المرتبة السادسة في بريطانيا بين كليات الطب الأخرى حسب تصنيف لصحيفة الجارديان. وتشير النتائج الصادرة عن التقييم البحثي في الجامعات البريطانية للعام 2008 أن جامعة شرق أنجليا هي من بين الجامعات الأفضل في بريطانيا في مجال البحث العلمي، فكانت 50% من الأبحاث العلمية التي تقوم بها الجامعة في تصنيف الريادة العالمية أو التميز العالمي، وهي من بين أفضل ثلاث جامعات بريطانية في مجال الدراسات الأمريكية وعلوم الاتصال والدراسات الثقافية والإعلامية، والدراسات التنموية. كما تتفوق الجامعة في ميادين أخرى كالفنون وفن العمارة والعلوم الحيوية والكيمياء واللغة الإنجليزية وآدابها وتاريخ الفنون والقانون والفلسفة والرياضيات.
كما يتمتع برنامج الماجستير للكتابة الإبداعية والذي تم البدء فيه في العام 1970 بمكانة مرموقة في بريطانيا، ويعرف عن هذا البرنامج الصعوبة البالغة للتمكن من الالتحاق به. كما قامت الجامعة بتأسيس وحدة الأبحاث المناخية في العام 1972 وهي من المراكز البحثية الأولى في العالم التي تختص بأبحاث التغير المناخي، وتعد الوحدة من بين الأفضل والأقوى على مستوى العالم.

كليات الجامعة وأقسامها
تقدم الجامعة ما يزيد على 300 برنامج أكاديمي في 4 كليات و 23 قسماً كالتالي:

كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية
 الدراسات الأمريكية
 دراسات التلفزيون والأفلام
 التاريخ
 اللغة واللغويات وعلوم الترجمة
 الأدب والكتابة الإبداعية
 الموسيقى
 الفلسفة
 العلوم السياسية، والعلوم الاجتماعية والدراسات الدولية
 قسم دراسات الفنون العالمية وعلم الموسيقى

كلية الطب
وتشتمل على ثلاثة أقسام منها قسم التمريض والتوليد.

كلية العلوم
 العلوم الحيوية
 علوم الكيمياء والصيدلة
 علوم الحاسوب
 العلوم البيئية
 الرياضيات

كلية العلوم الاجتماعية
وتشتمل على ستة أقسام منها قسم الاقتصاد وقسم علم النفس والعمل الاجتماعي وقسم التنمية الدولية.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 الموقع الرسمي للجامعة

جامعات وكليات أسست في 1963
تأسيسات سنة 1963 في إنجلترا
جامعات أسست في عقد 1960
جامعة في شرق أنجليا
هيئات تعليمية أسست في 1963

جامعة إيست أنجليا


بلد الشيخ قرية فلسطينية مهجرة تقع في الجنوب الشرقي لمدينة حيفا.

الموقع
تقع إلى الجنوب الشرقي من مدينة حيفا وتبعد عنها 7 كم وترتفع 75م عن سطح البحر ويعود اسمها نسبة إلى الشيخ السهلي الصوفي، حيث منحه السلطان سليم الأول يوم الفتح العثماني جباية القرية. بلغت مساحة أراضيها 9849 دونماً. قدر عدد سكانها عام 1922 حوالي (407) نسمة وفي عام 1945 ارتفع إلى (4120) نسمة، وتحتوي القرية على آثار محلة وصهاريج، كما تضم القرية قبر عز الدين القسام.

تقع القرية غربيّ الطريق العام الواصل حيفا بجنين وكذلك غربي سكة الحديد الواصلة لسمخ، على بعد نحو نصف كيلومتر كان هناك مدرج طيران يقع غربي القرية. عام 1859 زار ادوارد روجرز نائب القنصل البريطاني القرية وقال أن عدد سكان بلغ في حينها 350 شخص، زار غيرن وهو رحالة فرنسي البلد عام 1875 وقدر عدد سكانها نحو 500 شخص ورأى عددا من أشجار الزيتون والنخيل والينابيع شمال القرية، كانت ثاني كبرى القرى في قضاء حيفا بعد الطيرة، كان في القرية محطتا وقود وعدد من المقاهي وقد أقيمت فيها مدرسة ابتدائية عام 1887 وحتى حلول عام 1948 كان في القرية ثلاث مدارس، وكان في القرية معصرة واعتاش أهالي القرية من الزراعة وفلاحة الأرض وتربية المواشي وقسم كبير منهم كان يعمل في المصانع في حيفا.

التهجير

قامت العصابات الصهيونية بهدم القرية بعد إجراء المذابح في أهلها وشردتهم وقد بلغ عددهم عام 1948 حوالي 4,779 نسمة، حيث قتلت قوات البلماح أكثر من 60 قتيلا وكان من بينهم نساء وأطفال وجاءت هذه المجزرة ردا على عملية قامت بها العمال الفلسطينيون في مصفاة النفط في حيفا وجاءت عملية العمال ردا على عملية الإرجون الذي ألقى قنبلة باتجاه عمال فلسطينيين في مصفاة النفط وقد قتل 6 عمال وجرح 42 عمال، وجراء وبعد مجزرة بلد الشيخ قتل العمال الفلسطينيون 41 عاملا يهوديا في مصانع مصفاة النفط. ومن 7 كانون الثاني/يناير أخليت القرية واحتلت في 22 نيسان/أبريل عند احتلال مدينة حيفا و24 نيسان/أبريل حاصرت وهددت الهاغاناه سكّان القرية ان لم يسلموا أسلحتهم ستقتحم القرية، سلّم السكّان 22 بندقية وطلبوا هدنة إلا أن الهاغاناة رفضت ذلك إلا بتسيلم باقي الأسلحة وعند الساعة الخامسة صباحا فتحت النيران ومدافع الهاون على القرية، أخلت القوات البريطانية القرية وفرّ قسم من السكّان المذعورين لمدينة عكا وكان ذلك في 25 نيسان/ أبريل عام 1948.

القرية اليوم
استوطن المهاجرون الصهاينة القرية سنة 1949 وأطلقوا عليها اسم «تل حنان» وهي الآن جزء من مستعمرة «نيشر». لم يبق من القرية سوى بيتين لعائلة السهلي تحولا فيما بعد لكنس يهودية في حارة الراف موحا، ومقبرة القرية المدفون فيها عز الدين القسام بجانب ملعب نيشر، ومقبرة آل السهلي شمالي القرية ما زالت محاطة بسور تقع خلف مدرسة ابتدائية، وما زالت هناك بيت في الحارة الغربية قائم وآخر مهدوم تعلوه الأشواك البرية.

إحصاءات وحقائق

ملكية الأرض

استخدام الأراضي عام 1945

التعداد السكاني

عدد البيوت

ويذكر ان البلدة كان فيها مدرسة للذكور اُسست في عام 1887.

معرض صور

انظر أيضًا
 مذبحة مصفى حيفا

مراجع

قرى فلسطينية أخليت من سكانها في الحرب العربية الإسرائيلية 1948
قرى فلسطينية أخليت من سكانها قبل الحرب العربية الإسرائيلية 1948
قضاء حيفا
مدن فلسطين
مقالات تتضمن معلومات من موقع فلسطين في الذاكرة

بلد الشيخ


Comedy Central, bir Amerikalı kablolu televizyon ve uydu televizyon kanalıdır. Komedi programları özgün ve mizahidir.

2006 yılı sonlarından itibaren, Comedy Central, Polonya, Almanya, Hollanda, İtalya, Macaristan, İsveç, Birleşik Krallık, İrlanda, Bosna-Hersek, Hırvatistan, Makedonya, Karadağ, Sırbistan ve Slovenya, Yeni Zelanda, İsrail ve İspanya ile yerelleştirilmiş kanallarını dünya çapında genişletti.
Latin Amerika'da, İspanyolca konuşulan ülkelerde yayın yapan Comedy Central Latin America 10 Kasım Perşembe günü yayınlarına başlamıştır. Asya'da ise 2012 yılında yayınlarına başlayacaktır.

Önemli programları

South Park
Yetişkinlere yönelik animasyon dizilerinin başını çeken South Park, çocukları konu alması, fazla küfür ve şiddet içeriği ile ABD'de büyük tepki almaktadır, fakat bir o kadar da hayran kitlesi vardır. Dizi, 2 Şubat'ta başlayan 25. sezonu ile yayın hayatına devam etmektedir. Ayrıca dizide devlete ve Amerikan kültürüne de bazı göndermeler yapılmaktadır. 30 Eylül'de COVID-19 özel bölümü yayınlanmış ve oldukça ses getirmiştir.

Daily Show with Jon Stewart
ABD hükûmetinin, başkanının ve ciddi haber kanallarının bir haber programı temasında ti'ye alındığı program özellikle 2004 ABD başkanlık seçimleri sırasındaki bölümleri ile büyük ilgi topladı. Zaman ile muhafazakâr olmayan kesim üzerindeki etkisi artan program bugün ciddi bir haber programı kadar saygı duyuyor ve daha önemli konukları davet ediyor. Yakın zamanda programda yer alan konuklardan biri de eski ABD başkanı Bill Clinton oldu. Hafta içi her akşam doğu yakası saati ile 23:00'de yayınlanan yarım saatlik program aynı zamanda CNN International kanalında da gösterilmektedir.

The Colbert Report
Daily Show ekibinden Stephen Colbert'in muhafazakâr ve sivri dilli bir haber programı sunucusunu canlandırdığı program ilk kez 2005 yılında yayınlandı ve yayınlandığı günden beri ilgi odağı oldu. Daily Show'dan daha politik olan programın konukları da ünlüler yerine politikacı ve yazarlardan oluşmaktadır.

Chappelle's Show
Afrikalı-Amerikalı komedyen Dave Chappelle'in genelde siyahi Amerikalıların sorunlarını ele aldığı skeç komedi programı South Park'tan sonra Comedy Central'ın en çok izlenen programı olmuştu. Efsanevi Funk ve Soul şarkıcısı Rick James ile Eddie Murphy'nin kardeşi Charlie Murphy'nin anılarının anlatıldığı bölüm ile dizi kült seviyesine erişti. Fakat üçüncü sezon hazırlanırken dizinin ırkçılığı fazla ön plana çıkardığına kanaat getiren Chappelle diziyi iptal etti.

Bazı Comedy Central programları
 Crank Yankers (kukla)
 Mind of Mencia (skeç-komedi)
 Reno 911!
 Drawn Together (animasyon)
 Freak Show (animasyon)
 Insomniac with Dave Attell
 Distraction (yarışma)
 Showbiz Show

Uluslararası
Comedy Central'ın yerel sürümlerini gösterir;

Kaynakça

Comedy Central
Eski Time Warner kuruluşları
1991'de kurulan televizyon kanalları ve istasyonları

Comedy Central


The California State Senate is the upper house of the California State Legislature, the lower house being the California State Assembly. The State Senate convenes, along with the State Assembly, at the California State Capitol in Sacramento.

Due to a combination of the state's large population and a legislature that has not been expanded since the ratification of the 1879 Constitution, the State Senate has the largest population per state senator ratio of any state legislative house. In the United States House of Representatives, California is apportioned 52 U.S. representatives, each representing approximately 750,564 people, while in the California State Senate, each of the 40 state senators represents approximately 931,349 people; almost exactly the population of the entire state of Delaware. This means that California state senators each represent more people than California's members of the House of Representatives, and more than that of five entire U.S. states.

In the current legislative session, the Democratic Party holds 32 out of the 40 seats, which constitutes an 80% majority—well over the two-thirds supermajority threshold of 27.

History

The 1849 Constitution of California provided that the "number of Senators shall not be less than one third, nor more than one half of that of the members of the Assembly..." The 1849 Constitution also provided that Senators served two-year terms and were to be elected bienally, with the total number of senators being divided into two classes so that one half of the Senators would be elected annually.

Following the ratification of the 1879 Constitution of California, the Constitution prescribed that the Senate is composed of 40 Senators and that all Senators must have resided within California for three years and their district for one year. Such districts were to be "as nearly equal in population as may be, and composed of contiguous territory". There was to be one Senate district for each Senator. Such districts were also required to preserve political boundaries: "In the formation of such districts, no county, or city and county, shall be divided, unless it contain a sufficient population within itself to form two or more districts; nor shall a part of any county, or of any city and county, be united with any other county, or city and county, in forming any district."

Between 1933 and 1967, state legislative districts were drawn according to the "Little Federal Model" by which Assembly seats were drawn according to population and Senate seats were drawn according to county lines. The guidelines were that no Senate district would include more than three counties and none would include less than one complete county. This led to the situation of a populous county such as Los Angeles County (1960 population of 6 million) being accorded the same number of state senators (one) as less populous counties such as Alpine County (1960 pop. 397). The Senate districts remained unaltered from 1933 to 1967, regardless of the changes in the population distribution. In Reynolds v. Sims, the United States Supreme Court compelled all states to draw up districts with equal population. As such, boundaries were changed to comply with the ruling.

Leadership
The lieutenant governor is the ex officio president of the Senate, and may only cast a vote to break a tie. The president pro tempore is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full Senate. Other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses according to each party's strength in the chamber.

The current president pro tempore is Democrat Toni Atkins of San Diego. The minority leader is Republican Brian Jones of Santee.

Terms of office

Each state senator represents a population roughly equivalent to the State of Delaware. As a result of Proposition 140 in 1990 and Proposition 28 in 2012, members elected to the legislature prior to 2012 are restricted by term limits to two four-year terms (eight years), while those elected in or after 2012 are allowed to serve 12 years in the legislature in any combination of four-year State Senate or two-year State Assembly terms.

Members of the State Senate serve four-year terms. Every two years, half of the Senate's 40 seats are subject to election. This is in contrast to the State Assembly, in which all 80 seats in the Assembly are subject to election every two years.

Meeting chamber
The red tones of the California State Senate Chamber are based on the British House of Lords, which is outfitted in a similar color. The dais rests along a wall shaped like an "E", with its central projection housing the rostrum. The lower tier dais runs across the entire chamber, there are several chairs and computers used by the senate officers, the most prominent seat is reserved for the secretary who calls the roll. The higher tier is smaller, with three chairs, the two largest and most ornate chairs are used by the president pro tempore (right chair) and the lieutenant governor (left chair). The third and smallest chair, placed in the center, is used by the presiding officer (acting in place of the pro tem) and is rarely sat in as the president is expected to stand. There are four other chairs flanking the dais used by the highest non-member officials attending the senate, a foreign dignitary or state officer for example. Each of the 40 senators is provided a desk, microphone and two chairs, one for the senator, another for guests or legislative aides. Almost every decorating element is identical to the Assembly Chamber. Along the cornice appears a portrait of George Washington and the Latin quotation senatoris est civitatis libertatem tueri ("It is a senator's duty to protect the liberty of the people").

Composition

Past composition of the Senate

Officers

The Secretary, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplain are not members of the Legislature.

Members

: elected in a special election

Seating chart

Standing Committees
Current committees, chairs and vice chairs include:

Offices
Senate Office of Research
Senate Office of Demographics
Senate Office of Floor Analysis
Senate Office of International Relations
Senate Office of Oversight and Outcomes

See also

 List of special elections to the California State Senate
 2020 California State Senate election
 Impeachment in California
 California State Legislature
 California State Legislature, 2021–2022 session
 California State Assembly
 California State Capitol
 California State Capitol Museum
 Districts in California
 Members of the California State Legislature

References

External links
  of the California State Senate
 Democratic Caucus
 Republican Caucus
 Sergeant-at-Arms
 Interactive map of the state senate districts
 California legislative district maps from 1849 to the present

1849 establishments in California
Senate
State upper houses in the United States

California State Senate


Pseudotsuga brevifolia er sígrænt tré í þallarætt. Það er vex í Guizhou og suðvestur Guangxi í Kína, og hugsanlega Víetnam. Það er oft talið til undirtegundar af Kínadegli: Pseudotsuga sinensis var. sinensis.

Tilvísanir

Barrtré

Pseudotsuga brevifolia


Çevre felaketi, doğadaki çeşitli unsurlar ile onlarla dolaylı ya da dolaysız olarak ilgili başka unsurlara insan eliyle verilen zarara bağlı gelişen felakettir. Doğal kaynaklı felaketlere ise doğal felaketler denir.

Çevre felaketleri
Milyonlarca yıl süren biyolojik süreçlerin sonucunda oluşan doğal hayat içindeki unsurların karşılıklı dengesi ile varlığını korumuştur. Tarih boyunca bazı doğal felaketler (seller, depremler, volkanik patlamalar vs.) olmuşsa da bu felaketler doğa üzerindeki etki gücü ve oluşan durumun tersine dönüşü bakımından sanayileşme ve doğal kaynakların kullanımıyla başlayan süreçte insanoğlu tarafından yapılan suistimallerin yanında çok önemsiz kalmaktadır.

Doğa kendi içinde oluşan felaketleri bir şekilde düzenleyebilmekteyken insanoğlunun eliyle ortaya çıkan felaketler suni bir takım koşullar oluşturduğundan doğa kendi kendini yenileyememekte hatta ozon tabakasının delinmesi, küresel ısınma gibi insanlığı hiç de kolay kolay kurtulamayacağı felaketlerle yüz yüze getirmektedir. Sanayileşme, iktisadi kalkınma ve enerji gibi konularda ülkelerin birbirleriyle kıyasıya rekabet halinde olduğu ve bu rekabetten geri kalan ülkelerin ise ister istemez diğer ülkelere karşı zayıf konuma düştüğü günümüzde çevre felaketlerine de gelişmenin göz ardı edilebilecek yan etkileri gözüyle bakılmakta ve bu felaketler Medya'ya da ancak büyük ölçüde ve ani ölümler olduğunda yansımaktadır. Oysa Küresel ısınma gibi çevre felaketleri yüzlerce yıl sonra değil aynı nesil içinde bile gözle görülebilecek sıcaklık, kuraklık, kıtlık vs. etkilerini beraberinde getirmektedir.

Küresel çevre felaket ve tehditleri
 Küresel Isınma : II. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında dünya nüfusu 2 kat, buna karşılık enerji kullanımı 4 kat artmıştır. 1958 yılında atmosferdeki 315 ppm/m³ karbondioksit oranı 2004'te 379 ppm/m³ olmuştur. ABD dünya nüfusunun %4'üne sahipken karbondioksit üretiminin %25'ini gerçekleştirmektedir. The Observer gazetesinin Şubat 2004'te yayımladığı Pentagon'a ait Küresel Isınma Raporu'na göre önümüzdeki 20 yıl içerisinde Avrupa'da birçok kıyı kenti sular altında kalacaktır. Guardian gazetesinde 2004 yılında yer alan küresel ısınma haritasına göre bundan en az etkilenen bölgeler Türkiye ve Ortadoğu ile kıyı kesimleri hariç Kuzey Afrika'dır. Bununla birlikte Türkiye meteoroloji kurumunun verilerine göre Türkiye'de 2007 yılı yaz dönemi sıcaklıkları bakımından son 78 yılın en sıcak yazı yaşanmaktadır.

Endüstriyel ve tarımsal felaketler
 2005 Jilin kimyasal tesisinde patlama
 ABD'de The Dust Bowl (1934-1939)
 Alamosa Nehri'ne Summitville maden ocağından siyanür, ağır metller ve asit karışması sonucu 17 millik alandaki tüm deniz yaşamının yok olması.
 AZF Toulouse kimyasal tesislerinde patlama (2001)
 Bhopal felaketi (1984)
 Japonya'da Minamata'daki cıva zehirlenmesi.
 Itai-itai felaketi, Japonya'da kadmiyum zehirlenmesi
 Kalifornia'da Dunsmuir yakınlarındaki Sacramento Nehrine 20.000 galon miktarında ölümcül kimyasallar (metam sodyum, tradename Vapam) karışması sonucu 38 millik alandaki deniz yaşamının yok olması.
Kuveyt petrol yangınları, Körfez Savaşı sırasında Kuveyt petrollerini kullanılmasını engellemek için Saddam Hüseyin, petrol kuyularını ateşe vermiştir. Basra Körfezi'nin zehirli duman ve kül ile kaplanmasına neden olmuştur. 7 ay sonra söndürülebilen çukurlar büyük çevre felaketleri arasında yerini almıştır.
 Love Canal toksik atık bölgesi
 Papua Yeni Gine'de maden faaliyetlerinden ötürü Ok Tedi nehir sisteminde hasar.

Nükleer felaketler

 Çernobil kazası
 Fukuşima I Nükleer Santrali kazaları
 Hiroşima ve Nagasaki'ye atılan atom bombaları
 İngiltere'de Windscale reaktör çekirdeği tutuştu. Özellikle iyot-131'in kazanın olduğu merkezden 150 km'lik yarıçaplı
daire içinde et ve süte karıştığı görüldü. (1967)
 Japonya'da Tokaimura Nükleer Santral kazası sonucu 49 işçi yüksek radyasyon aldıkları nedeniyle tedavi altına alındı. Santral civarında yaşayan 310 bin kişi evlerinden dışarı çıkarılmadı, 10 kilometrelik bölge yasak ilan edildi. (1999)
 Three Mile Island ABD-Pennsylvania-Harrisburg'da Three Mile adası kazası olarak bilinen kazada çekirdek erimesi sonucu iyot-131 kaçağı oldu. (1979)

Petrol sızıntısı

 Amoco Cadiz :Tarihteki 5.büyük petrol sızıntısına The Amoco Cadiz adlı süper tanker yol açmıştır. 16 Mart 1978'de geminin taşıdığı 1.619.048 varil petrol Brittany sahillerine akmış ve 76 sahil tümüyle petrole bulanmıştır.
 Exxon Valdez : Exxon Valdez Şirketinin petrol tankeri Exxon Valdezden 24 Mart 1989 günü yaklaşık 11-30 milyon galon (50.000-150.000 m³) petrol denize boşalmıştır
 Prestige petrol sızıntısı İspanya'nın kuzeybatısındaki Galiçya'da 13 Kasım 2002 tarihinde Yunan bandıralı Prestige gemisinden denize kimi kaynaklara göre 63,000 ton petrol akmıştır.

Diğer

 Al-Hawizeh bataklığının kuruması
 Amerikan Bizonlarının sayısının düşmesi
 Ozon tabakasının delinmesi
 Sömürgeleştirme faaliyeti sırasında yerli halkın ölümüne yol açan bulaşıcı hastalıkların bilinçli bir şekilde yayılması.
 Nil levreğinin Afrika'daki Viktorya Gölüne bırakılmasıyla yerli balık türlerinin kırılması
 Aral gölünü besleyen ırmaklar barajlar ile kesildikten sonra Aral gölü küçülmeye başlamıştır.

Kaynakça

Çevre felaketi


An Carex mitchelliana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Moses Ashley Curtis. An Carex mitchelliana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex mitchelliana


Sacred Arias (en italiano Arie Sacre) es el tercer álbum de música clásica y sexto de estudio de Andrea Bocelli, donde interpreta piezas religiosas de maestros como Verdi, Mozart, Caccini, Mascagni, Rossini, Bach y Händel. El disco fue grabado el año 1999, con la batuta en manos del director Myung-whun Chung, y los coros de la Academia Nacional de Santa Cecilia y el Coro de voces blancas del Arco (Coro di Voci Bianche dell'Arco). Para promocionar este álbum, Andrea realizó una presentación en la basílica Santa Maria sopra Minerva, en Roma.

Sacred Arias, junto a Cieli di Toscana, son álbumes que permiten apreciar con claridad la tesitura de Andrea. La nota más alta que canta aparece en Cujus Animam el fragmento del Stabat Mater de Rossini, donde interpreta un mi bemol sobreagudo y podemos notar la facilidad con la que afronta las exigentes ornamentaciones características del compositor. Otros temas como el "Ave Maria" de Caccini, el "Sancta Maria" de Mascagni y "Mille Cherubini in Coro" fueron arreglados por Steven Mercurio.

Listado de temas

 Giulio Caccini: "Ave Maria (Funeral for a Friend)" - 3:45
 Pietro Mascagni: Cavalleria rusticana – "Sancta Maria" - 3:34
 Charles Gounod: "Ave Maria" - 2:59
 Franz Schubert: Ellens Gesang, Op. 52/6, D 839 – "Ave Maria" - 2:30
 César Franck: "Panis Angelicus" - 3:31
 Gioachino Rossini: Stabat Mater – "Cujus Animam" - 5:30
 Giuseppe Verdi: Requiem – "Ingemisco" - 4:08
 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: "Ave verum corpus", K. 618 - 3:03
 Richard Wagner: Wesendonck Lieder, WWV 91/1 – "Der Engel" - 3:02
 George Frideric Handel: Serse, HWV 40 – "Frondi tenere ... Ombra mai fu" - 3:54
 Louis Niedermeyer: "Pietà, Signore" - 6:57
 Gioachino Rossini: Petite Messe Solennelle – "Domine Deus" - 4:36
 Franz Schubert: Wiegenlied, Op. 98/2, D 498 – "Mille Cherubini In Coro" - 3:53
 Franz Xaver Gruber: "Silent Night" - 3:06
 John Francis Wade: "Adeste Fideles (O Come, All Ye Faithful)" - 2:51
 Jean Paul Lécot: "Gloria A Te, Cristo Gesù" - 4:21

Premios
En el año 2000 el disco recibió en Alemania un premio ECHO Klassik por ser "Bestseller des Jahres" (Disco más vendido del año), así como un premio Brit Classic FM por ser votado por los oyentes de la emisora como "The Album of the Year" (Disco del año). Asimismo recibió un premio Goldene Europa en la categoría música clásica, que es un galardón televisivo de la cadena SR (Saarländischer Rundfunk) de Alemania.

Ediciones especiales y DVD
En 1999 se editó un DVD llamado Sacred Arias. The Home Video que contiene el concierto de Bocelli en la basílica Sancta Maria sopra Minerva. En esta grabación se excluyen "Gloria a Te", "Cristo Gesù", "Agnus Dei" y "I Believe"; y aparecen el "Alleluiah" de El Mesías de Händel, el "Va Pensiero" de Nabucco de Verdi y "Amén" del Stabat Mater de Rossini. Este concierto fue grabado por varias cadenas televisivas de todo el mundo.

En 2003 se publicó Sacred Arias, Special Edition, donde se incluyen el DVD y el álbum.

Referencias

 Surhone, Lambert; Timpledon, Miriam & Marseken, Susan: Sacred Arias (Andrea Bocelli Album). VDM Publishing, 2010. ISBN 9786131160882

Enlaces externos
 Sitio oficial de Andrea Bocelli

Álbumes de 1999
Álbumes de música clásica
Música clásica de Italia
Álbumes de Andrea Bocelli

Sacred Arias


Carta a D'Alembert sobre os Espetáculos () é um ensaio de 1758 escrito por Jean-Jacques Rousseau em oposição a um artigo publicado na Encyclopédie por Jean d'Alembert, que propunha o estabelecimento de um teatro em Genebra. De maneira mais geral, é uma análise crítica dos efeitos da cultura sobre a moral, que esclarece os vínculos entre política e vida social. Rousseau relaciona a questão de um teatro em Genebra ao contexto social mais amplo, alertando para o potencial que o teatro tem de corromper a moralidade na sociedade.

A Carta é considerada de grande relevância pessoal para Rousseau, cujo patriotismo e afinidade com Genebra transparecem quando ele escreve para defender seu país da decadência moral. Concentrando-se em sua crença na ordem natural e na harmonia dos papéis sexuais tradicionais e da comunidade, Rousseau escreve para convencer D'Alembert e o público de Genebra de que um teatro é uma ameaça a um modo de vida ideal e natural.

Contexto histórico
Rousseau geralmente se opôs ao impulso iluminista que estava ocorrendo durante sua vida. Ele procurou distanciar-se filosoficamente das visões de que o uso universal da razão, ciência, liberdade desinibida de pensamento e crescente apreciação pelas belas artes tornariam a sociedade um lugar melhor. Rousseau é frequentemente caracterizado como o pai do romantismo, pois se opôs à modernidade e ao iluminismo e glorificou o ethos heróico da Roma Antiga e da Grécia.

A tendência do iluminismo entre os filósofos, desde Descartes e Spinoza, era caminhar para uma sociedade com restrições minimizadas. Rousseau aderiu à crença de que as restrições e a censura são, muitas vezes, justificadas para manter a ordem civil. Também grupos eclesiásticos, nomeadamente os jansenistas, condenaram duramente o teatro por ser incompatível com a moral cristã. No entanto, após a morte de Luís XIV, novas ideias filosóficas começaram a surgir sobre abraçar o prazer terreno, e o teatro encontrou cada vez mais adeptos. Pode ser importante notar que o teatro era uma força cultural muito mais poderosa na época de Rousseau do que hoje. O artigo de D'Alembert, em apoio ao teatro, foi influenciado por Voltaire, que não apenas era contra a censura, mas frequentemente fazia apresentações teatrais em sua casa fora de Genebra.

Sinopse
A Carta começa por Rousseau estabelecendo o respeito que ele tem por seu amigo D'Alembert. Mas depois de citar um trecho da carta de D'Alembert, Rousseau escreve que é imperativo discutir os desastres potenciais que um teatro pode trazer. Ele também responde a alguns comentários que D'Alembert faz elogiando a tolerância do clero de Genebra enquanto critica a intolerância do catolicismo romano francês. Rousseau está, no entanto, obstinado em envolver essa discussão em profundidade.

A carta principal está dividida em três áreas gerais: "A) O teatro em relação ao que nele se representa"; "B) O teatro considerado em relação ao palco e aos atores"; e "C) O estabelecimento de um teatro em Genebra".

O teatro em relação ao que é representado nele
Rousseau escreve que o teatro, à primeira vista, é uma forma de diversão. As diversões são aceitáveis com moderação, quando necessárias, mas se tornam um fardo se consumirem a mente dos homens o suficiente para desperdiçar seu tempo. Segundo Rousseau, O princípio do teatro é apenas agradar, uma vez que não é funcional porque os personagens estão sempre distantes do homem. Se a peça é uma comédia, por exemplo, o conteúdo é minado; e se é trágico, os ideais heróicos são exagerados e colocados fora do alcance do homem. Mesmo que a peça retrate bem os ideais morais, a consciência do público de que é uma ficção não faz justiça às ideias.

Rousseau continua a dizer que, embora a sociedade grega e romana funcionasse bem com conteúdo trágico e violento nos teatros porque fazia parte das tradições específicas da época e do lugar, colocar essas peças em um contexto francês seria muito mais perigoso. No entanto, as tragédias não são tão perigosas quanto as comédias, pois os personagens se assemelham mais aos cidadãos franceses.

Ele discute extensivamente o trabalho do dramaturgo Molière e usa a peça Le Misanthrope como exemplo de uma comédia na qual o público obtém prazer imoral. Na peça, o personagem principal, Alceste, é bom e honesto em suas relações com os homens e feito para parecer ridículo, enquanto Philinte, um enganador e manipulador, é mostrado como superior. Rousseau considera essa peça uma obra de gênio, mas é, claro, moralmente retrógrada. Ele argumenta que, mesmo que os escritores de comédia escrevam uma peça que seja moralmente aceitável, o público não achará engraçado. Portanto, os teatros são de pouca utilidade.

Rousseau volta-se para o tema do amor, que, segundo ele, está no reino das mulheres. As mulheres naturalmente têm poder sobre os homens por meio da resistência na área dos relacionamentos e esse poder pode ser estendido à peça, onde as mulheres podem ter o mesmo controle sobre o público. Essa extensão do império das mulheres é contra a ordem natural. Rousseau refere-se à antiga Esparta, onde as mulheres mais virtuosas e apreciadas eram aquelas que eram modestas e geralmente não se falavam. Na decadência da França, Rousseau afirma que a mulher mais estimada é aquela que é mais social, mais comentada, julgadora e autoritária.

A função do teatro em relação as pessoas e os atores
Mesmo que o teatro seja moralmente inócuo, argumenta Rousseau, sua presença é disruptiva para o uso potencialmente produtivo do tempo. Além disso, o teatro é incompatível com a mentalidade rural, onde as pessoas trabalham duro e, como resultado, devem achar prazeroso o simples relaxamento, em vez do entretenimento extravagante e superestimulante que retarda a imaginação. Um teatro em Genebra faria com que as pessoas trabalhadoras se distraíssem e se preocupassem se desenvolvessem o gosto por ele. Embora um teatro possa servir para distrair as massas das cidades do crime, não tem utilidade para uma cidade menor como Genebra, que é relativamente inocente. Rousseau também descreve o clima e a geografia de Genebra e argumenta que não é particularmente propício para apoiar um teatro.

Se um teatro for estabelecido, ele mudará as máximas e preconceitos de Genebra, para melhor ou para pior, e a melhor maneira de lidar com isso é simplesmente a prevenção, argumenta Rousseau. Em outras palavras, é mais fácil não ter que lidar com a moralidade corrompida e ter que mudar as leis de acordo.

Nesta seção, Rousseau expressa sua crença de que os próprios atores e atrizes são pessoas de um estilo de vida indesejável e de base moral potencialmente fraca. Rousseau os descreve como escandalosos, hedonistas e os compara a bobos da corte, que eram mais flagrantemente indecentes e obscenos. Mais uma vez olhando para a Grécia e Roma como um ideal, ele diz que Esparta não tolerava teatros, e Roma considerava a profissão de ator desonrosa. Ele escreve que o ator é alguém que é artificial, atua por dinheiro, se submete à desgraça e abandona seu papel de homem. Embora o ator não seja necessariamente malévolo com seus talentos de engano, continua Rousseau, a natureza sedutora e manipuladora da atuação poderia ser usada pelos atores para causar danos à sociedade fora do teatro. Também é problemático, segundo Rousseau, que mulheres e homens trabalhem juntos como atores e atrizes. Por causa do respeito natural que os homens têm pelo senso moral e timidez das mulheres, o fato de os homens estarem entre as mulheres como atrizes será mais uma ameaça à moralidade dos homens.

O estabelecimento de um teatro em Genebra
Rousseau retrata Genebra de uma forma muito romântica e positiva, onde as pessoas são produtivas, felizes e trabalham arduamente, mas também reconhece a extrema riqueza e pobreza na cidade. Ele primeiro tenta afastar Genebra da ideia de teatro, sugerindo que não é economicamente viável e que a população é muito baixa para sustentar um teatro.

Ele continua criticando a atividade social das mulheres em locais públicos e privados em Paris e Genebra, sugerindo que as mulheres produzem somente fofocas e a decadência moral de homens, mulheres e crianças. Ele afirma que, embora os homens tenham seus vícios, como beber, eles são muito menos prejudiciais à sociedade do que os vícios das mulheres. Ele argumenta que a presença e autoridade das mulheres nos espaços públicos corrompe a juventude masculina, tornando-a efeminada e desprovida de paixão patriótica. Mais uma vez, a moralidade da Roma Antiga e da Grécia é frequentemente referenciada como um ideal a que se deve aspirar.

Na metade da parte final, Rousseau argumenta que o teatro faz o bem muito pouco para os pobres, que não podem pagar os impostos necessários para sustentar um teatro. Genebra, que já tem um alto grau de desigualdade, não precisa mais. Rousseau continua a dizer que os atores que chegam à cidade de Genebra serão indiferentes à moralidade da cidade e rapidamente a corromperão. Embora existam outras formas de entretenimento em Genebra que exemplificam os maus modos, Rousseau afirma que nenhuma dessas áreas é mais destrutiva para o bom gosto do povo do que o teatro. A melhor alternativa aos teatros são os festivais ao ar livre, na natureza, para proporcionar um espírito unificador e patriótico.

A personalidade de Rousseau
Apesar de a carta ser endereçada diretamente a D'Alembert, sem dúvida pretende ter um efeito sobre a população em geral. A obra é famosa por exibir a retórica carismática e as tendências digressivas de Rousseau, tudo isso com sua experiência pessoal tecida no texto. Pode-se considerar que retrata a vaidade, o narcisismo e os preconceitos de Rousseau, mas o texto também pode ser pensado de forma mais positiva; como expressivo, lírico e austero. A Carta mostra a tendência de Rousseau de pensar nos eventos de sua própria vida como altamente significativos, como reflexos do quadro social mais amplo. Um exemplo é como a própria Carta é aberta e expressiva em estilo, enquanto o conteúdo da Carta é sobre essa abertura.

A Carta começa com um tom mais sombrio e urgente, mudando no final para um tom mais brilhante e otimista quando se discute a solução comunitária para o problema do teatro.

Recepção
O próprio D'Alembert ficou comovido com a resposta, até mesmo intimidado. Com imparcialidade, ele decidiu que estava apto para publicação (ele próprio já trabalhou como censor). Rousseau e D'Alembert conseguiram manter a amizade após a resposta, embora um pouco distantes. A carta atraiu notável atenção; mais de quatrocentos artigos e panfletos foram escritos em resposta a ela. No geral, a população de Genebra concordou com a Carta.

Temas sociais e políticos
Rousseau acreditava que o teatro afastava as pessoas da comunidade e substituía qualquer espírito patriótico e unificador por emoções artificiais. Para ter um estado próspero, Rousseau acreditava que as pessoas precisavam trabalhar juntas e harmoniosamente. Como alternativa ao teatro, Rousseau propunha festivais republicanos ao ar livre, com uma rica atmosfera comunitária. Um dos pontos centrais de Rousseau na Carta é que os costumes, opiniões, prioridades comuns e bem aceitos entre todos os cidadãos devem ser aqueles que fazem da aceitação das leis em prol do respeito, da igualdade e da harmonia uma experiência prazerosa e natural. Em outras palavras, as pessoas precisam compartilhar as preocupações com os legisladores para que um estado seja bem-sucedido.

Mulheres e família
Na Carta, Rousseau rejeitou a noção tradicional de políticos homens serem responsáveis pela reforma moral, e pensou que era responsabilidade das mulheres. Ele considerava as mulheres, em virtude de sua natureza, as principais agentes da reforma moral, e que o sucesso do Estado depende da harmonia na vida privada e doméstica. Rousseau se opôs ao casamento sem amor (ou seja, casamento por razões financeiras, ordem, luxúria, conveniência). Na opinião de Rousseau, o verdadeiro amor pela mãe feminina e carinhosa, em vez do amor lascivo por uma amante, anda de mãos dadas com o patriotismo e a harmonia cívica. A tarefa do legislador é garantir que as mulheres de uma sociedade estejam em ordem.

Rousseau acreditava que a moral pública poderia ser criada não por leis ou punições, mas simplesmente por mulheres, pois têm acesso aos seus sentidos e controlam amplamente o modo de pensar dos homens. Ele elogiou Genebra por suas mulheres morais e sua esfera familiar ordenada, enquanto criticava as mulheres dos salões na França por tornarem os homens femininos e covardes.

Relevância atual
No pensamento pós-moderno, havia renovado o interesse e apreciação pela Carta de Rousseau a M. D'Alembert sobre os Espetáculos, com a aceitação desde a época de Rousseau de elementos utópicos e primitivistas no pensamento político. A carta de Rousseau pode ajudar a compreender a distinção entre cultura vivida e ordem política teórica. Pensa-se também que as visões de Rousseau sobre o teatro ecoam as preocupações atuais com o entretenimento global, a televisão e a internet assumindo os costumes e a cultura locais.

Obras de Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Ensaios de filosofia
Iluminismo
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)

Carta a D'Alembert sobre os Espetáculos


, connu également sous le nom de Tomodachi Game, est une série de manga écrite et illustrée par Yuki Sato. Elle est pré-publiée au Japon depuis  dans le Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine par Kōdansha. En France, la série est éditée par Soleil Manga. Une adaptation en série télévisée d'animation produite par le studio Okuruto Noboru est diffusée depuis le  au Japon.

Synopsis
Yûichi Katagiri est un lycéen de deuxième année faisant partie d'un groupe d'amis, composé de Makoto Shibe, Shiho Sawaragi, Tenji Mikasa et Yutori Kokorogi. Après avoir beaucoup travaillé pour collecter des fonds pour un voyage scolaire, leur professeur annonce que les 2 millions de yens collectés ont été volés. Après les cours, le groupe d'amis se fait kidnapper et ils sont entraînés dans le mystérieux jeu « Tomodachi », animé par une mascotte du nom de Manabu, qui leur annonce que l'un d'entre eux est endetté et qu'ils devront tous participer pour rembourser sa dette. L'amitié des cinq sera mise à l'épreuve...

Personnages

Manga
Friends Games a été imaginé par Mikoto Yamaguchi puis a été scénarisé et dessiné par Yuki Sato. Kōdansha publie la série dans le magazine Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine commençant le  et est toujours en cours de parution. La publication des tomes en format tankōbon a commencé à partir du  et depuis le , 23 volumes sont actuellement sortis.

En France, la série est éditée par Soleil Manga à partir du .

Le 9 aout 2023, il a été annoncé dans le chapitre 115 que le manga a dépassé les 5,2 millions d'exemplaires en circulation à travers le monde.

Liste des arcs de Tomodachi Game

 Arc Jeu de kokkuri (chapitres 1 à 3)
 Arc Plateau des médisences (chapitres 4 à 11)
 Arc Cache-cache de l'amitié (chapitres 12 à 19)
 Arc Pierre-Papier-Ciseau (chapitres 20 à 25) Fin de la saison 1 de l'anime
 Arc Tribunal de l'amitié (chapitres 26 à 34)
 Arc Prison de l'amitié (chapitres 35 à 47)
 Arc Casino de l'amitié (chapitres 48 à 65)
 Arc Battle Royal de l'amitié (chapitres 66 à 87)
 Arc Final : Le Jeu Sans amis (chapitres 88 à ...)

Liste des volumes

{{TomeBD
 | langage_unique = non
 | volume         = 1
 | sortie_1       =
 | isbn_1         = 978-4-06-395051-9
 | isbn_1_note    =
 | sortie_2       =
 | isbn_2         = 978-2-30-205606-0
 | isbn_2_note    =
 | chapitre       = <div>
 Ch. 1 : Hum ? Tu doutes de tes amis, Yuîchi ?
 Ch. 2 : La réponse à cette question est « oui » !
 Ch. 3 : Vous avez fini de causer, depuis le temps ?!? Ch. 4 : J'ai une petite inquiétude...Résumé : Yûichi Kataguri appartient à un groupe de cinq amis qui s'entendent plus ou moins parfaitement. Mais un jour, l'argent de la classe récolté par son amie Shiho Sawaragi est volé et la situation est tendue !
Quelques jours, le groupe de cinq amis se retrouve à participer au "Friend's Game"  afin de rembourser la dette de 20 millions de l'un d'eux.
Mais les jeux de l'amitié mettent à l'épreuve l'amitié des lycéens, quitte à la briser, car tout n'est pas rose en réalité...
</div>
 | extra          = Personnage en couverture : Yuîchi Katagiri
 | résumé         =
}}

|}

 Live-action
Un Drama de Jiro Nagae adaptant le manga en série en prise de vues réelles est également sorti sous le nom de Tomodachi Game. La saison est composée de quatre épisodes et a été diffusé sur Chiba TV du  au . La série a également été diffusée sur Teletama, Hokkaido TV, tvk,  et sur la plateforme de streaming GYAO.

Par la suite, deux films toujours en prise de vues réelles et du même auteur,  et  sortent au Japon respectivement le  et le .

Une nouvelle adaptation en drama est diffusée du   sur TV Asahi au Japon sous le nom de Tomodachi Game R4 avec Takurô Oikawa, Hajime Takezono et Toshiaki Kamada à la réalisation. Takuji Higuchi et Shinya Hokimoto s'occupent du scénario alors que Yoshinori Nakamuar compose la musique.

 Anime
Annoncée en  sous le nom de Tomodachi Game, la série est animée par le studio Okuruto Noboru et réalisée par Hirofumi Ogura. Kenta Ihara s'occupe du scénario, et Satomi Miyazaki, du design des personnages. Michiru composte la musique de la série et Hiroto Morishita dirige le son du Studio Mouse. La série est diffusée au Japon depuis le  jusqu'au  sur NTV, BS NTV et AT-X. La série est diffusée en simulcast sur Crunchyroll dans les pays francophones. Depuis le , la plateforme diffuse également une version doublée en français de la série réalisée par le studio de doublage Time-Line Factory, sous la direction artistique de Mélanie Anne Paillié.

Nana Mizuki interprète le générique de début intitulé Double Shuffle, tandis que le groupe de rock saji interprète le générique de fin intitulé Tomoshibi.

 Liste des épisodes

|}

 Voir également
 Dead Tube'' - Une autre série de manga écrite par Mikoto Yamaguchi.

Notes et références

Annotations

Références

Œuvres
 Édition japonaise
Édition standard

Édition limitée

 Édition française

Liens externes
  du manga
  du live-action
  de l'anime

Série manga
Shōnen manga
Manga des années 2010
Manga des années 2020
Manga paru dans le Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine
Manga publié par Kōdansha
Manga publié par Soleil Productions
Émission diffusée sur Nippon Television
Série d'animation japonaise
Animation réalisée par Okuruto Noboru
Série télévisée japonaise des années 2020
Série diffusée sur Crunchyroll

Friends Games


Addison es el nombre de 3 estaciones en el Metro de Chicago:

 Addison (línea Azul)
 Addison (línea Marrón)
 Addison (línea Roja)

en:Addison#CTA stations

Addison (Metro de Chicago)


An Rytidosperma vickeryae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Max Gray ngan Hans Peter Linder. An Rytidosperma vickeryae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rytidosperma, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Rytidosperma

Rytidosperma vickeryae


رولا سعد (25 آب/أغسطس 1978 -)، مغنية لبنانية.

حياتها

 ولدت في بيروت وتوفي والدها وعمرها لم يتجاوز خمسة أشهر، وبعد سنة ونصف هجرتها امها هي واخوتها «زينة – ماري روز – جورج» وتزوجت. ثم عاشت رولا في دير للراهبات حتي عمر 6 سنوات، وكانت تنتقل بين بيت جدها وبيت عمها،
 افتتحت وكالة للازياء هي واختها وكان اسم الوكالة «جورجيو»، ثم أغلقت الوكالة لاحقا وتوفي أخوها جورج الذي كان مقعداً علي كرسي متحرك، وكان عمره 28 سنة.
 كان جورج بالنسبة لـ«رولا» الأب والاخ والعائلة كلها، حيث كان سرها وكل حياتها، وكانت وفاته أمر واقسي ما مر بحياتها، واهدت لروحه أغنية وينك البي نار.

المسيرة الفنية

ظهرت رولا أول بداياتها الفنية مع الفنان صابر الرباعي بكليبين هما «أتذكرك» و«حيروني» للفنان التونسي صابر الرباعي و«أستاذ عشق» للفنان السعودي عبد الله رشاد.
 شاركت بمسلسلين بأدوار بسيطة هما مسلسل «الكنز» و«الفصول الأربعة».
 أول من شجعها علي خوض تجربة الغناء هو فؤاد عواد بالكونسرفتوار اللبناني، ثم محسن جابر صاحب شركة عالم الفن، حيث أنتج لها كليب «علي دا الحال»، ولم تكن رولا راضية عنه وقتها، وعدها محسن جابر ان لا يعرض الكليب، وتفاجئت رولا بعض اربع سنوات بعرضه مما أغضبها جدا، وصورت أيضا مع عالم الفن كليب «لي بتعمل كدا» مع المخرجة ميرنا خياط
 ظهورها القوي للناس مع الشحرورة صباح في كليب «يانا يانا»، حيث اعتبرته ولادتها الحقيقية، والدعم الأكبر والاقوي فنيا.
 تعتبر رولا الشحرورة مثلها الاعلي بالحياة، وبكل شيء، ثم عملت معها ديو آخر هو «دلوعة», ولا تنكر رولا ان الشحرورة صباح لها فضل كبير عليها، حيث ساعدها ظهورها مع صباح علي انتشار اسرع بمجال الفن.
 توالت نجاحات رولا بأغاني منفردة حققت شهرة واسعة بالعالم العربي، حيث كان الكل يراهن علي انها ظاهرة ولن تنجح دون صباح.
 أول حفلاتها كانت بالإسكندرية مع الفنان راغب علامة، وحضرها أكثر من 13 الف متفرج، ثم توالت الحفلات، ولا تزال رولا تحصد النجاح والالقاب والتكريمات يوما بعد يوم.

أبرز الأعمال التي قدمتها

الألبومات

1- ألبوم «علي دا الحال» عام 2004
- أنت اللي بحبك
- بحلم
- ليه تعمل كدا
- انا ايهانا ليك
- ما اكدبش عليك
- ان راح منك يا عين
- من كل العالم
- عايزة اتحب
- انا وياك

2- ألبوم «كل الغرام» عام 2007
- عن ازنك يا معلم
- كل الغرام
- هاموتك فيا
- انا ليل
- فكرك هنساك
- سحرهم
- لا قبلك ولا بعدك
- دا كلام
- يانا يانا
- وينك البي نار
- ياعيني عليك
- حياتي
- لو تبقي لليلي ضيفي

3- ألبوم «الفستان الأبيض» عام 2009
- الفستان الأبيض
- من بين الكل
- بشرفك
- نوياهالو
- انسي
- شايفاك ادامي
- رنة قبقابي
- ربنا يسمع منك
- بسبستللو
-رنة قبقابي

4 - البوم «رولا تغني صباح» عام 2012

الفيديو كليبات
 ليه بتعمل كده/المخرجة ميرنا خياط
 يانا يانا ديو مع صباح المخرج بشير أسمر
 على ده الحال/المخرج أحمد مناويشي
 مرتاح ببعدي/أموت واشوف/المخرج مازن فياض
 سحرهم/المخرج جورج حداد
  دلوعة/المخرج بشير أسمر
 بعيدك انا/المخرجة ميرنا خياط
  حبيبي/المخرج أحمد كردوس
  عن ازنك يا معلم/المخرجة ميرنا خياط
 ناوياهالو/المخرج فادي حداد
  كلنا لبنان
 بسبستللو/المخرج فادي حداد
 بشرفك/المخرجة بيتينا الخوري
 شايفاك قدامي/المخرج فادي حداد
 المجوز الله يزيده/المخرح فادي حداد
 إده إده/المخرجة مي عمر
 رقصني دخلك، ساعات ساعات /المخرج وليد ناصيف
 مجنونة/المخرج صفوان مصطفى نعمو
 Excuse Me /المخرجة رندلى قديح
 كتير بجن عليك/المخرج فادي حداد
 لاغيني تلاقيني/ المخرج زياد خوري (مخرج)

في مجال الإعلانات

 صورت إعلانين لشركة عبد الخالق سعيد للعطور لعطرين يحملان اسما اغيتين هما «حبيبي» و«دلوعة».
 قدمت برنامج ترفيهي علي قناة الحياة المصرية بعنوان «الحياة حلوة».
 مقدمة برنامج ليالي الأنس رمضان 2014

في السينما والتلفاز

 1999: مسلسل الفصول الأربعة
 2005: مسلسل قصة سلمى
 2007: فيلم غرفة 707
 2011: مسلسل صايعين ضايعين
 2012: مسلسل البحر والعطشانة
 2014: مسلسل الدجال
 2019: مسلسل مجنون فيكي

الجوائز

 أبرز الجوائز التي حصلت عليها
نالت رولا العديد من الالقاب الجمالية، والفنية، والتكريمات والجوائز بمسيرة حياتها الفنية القصيرة.
 حصلت علي لقب مطربة المونديال، حيث كانت الفنانة العربية الأولى التي شاركت في المونديال 2010.
 حصلت رولا سعد علي جائزة أفضل فيديو كليب عن عمل «ناويهالو» عام 2008 كتكريم من طلاب الجامعة اللبنانية الأمريكية.
 حصلت رولا علي لقب ملكة جمال الفنانات العرب عام 2008.

أبرز المواقف في حياتها

 اتهام هيفاء وهبي لها بسرقة اغنيتها المسماة «ايه ده إيه ده الصوت ده جاي منين»، ولكن رولا نفت ذلك.
 اثبتت احقيتها في هذه الأغنية، وان الأمر معروض علي القضاء، وهو الذي سيحكم في هذا الأمر.
 كذلك اتهام هيفاء وهبي لها بترويج فيلم اباحي لها، ولكن القضاء انصف رولا من هذا الاتهام.
 عام 2012 اطلقت رولا البوم رولا تغني صباح الالبوم الذي حقق نجاحا باهرا بالعالم العربي

أبرز آرائها وأقوالها

 رأيها حول سر نجاح اغنياتها:
 تقول رولا ان سر ذلك هو ان اغنياتها تتحدى الملل وصادرة من القلب وأي شيء يخرج من القلب لابد أن يتسلل إلى القلوب ويصادف نجاحا سواء كان أغنية أو أي عمل يقوم به الإنسان.
 تقول رولا: «أخاف جدا من الظلام ومن التقدم في السن لان الشيخوخة شيء مرعب».

انظر أيضا

 ميريام فارس

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من تنورين
فنانو روتانا
مغنون باللهجة المصرية
مغنيات لبنانيات في القرن 21
مغنيات من بيروت
ممثلات أفلام لبنانيات
ممثلات تلفزيون لبنانيات
ممثلات لبنانيات في القرن 21
موارنة لبنانيون
موسيقيون من بيروت

رولا سعد (مغنية)


The Okinawa diet describes the traditional dietary practices of indigenous people of the Ryukyu Islands (belonging to Japan), which were claimed to have contributed to their relative longevity over a period of study in the 20th century.

Relative longevity
As assessed over 1949 to 1998, people from the Ryukyu Islands (of which Okinawa is the largest) had a life expectancy among the highest in the world (83.8 years vs. 78.9 years in the United States), although the male life expectancy rank among Japanese prefectures plummeted in the 21st century.

Okinawa had the longest life expectancy in all prefectures of Japan for almost 30 years prior to 2000. The relative life expectancy of Okinawans has since declined, due to many factors including Westernization. In 2000, Okinawa dropped in its ranking for longevity advantage for men to 26th out of 47 within the prefectures of Japan. In 2015, Japan had the highest life expectancy of any country: 90 years for women and for men, 84 years.

Although there are myriad factors that could account for differences in life expectancy, calorie restriction and regular physical activity could be factors. People have promoted the "Okinawa diet", despite the fact that the diet alone is unlikely to solely explain high life expectancy among seniors on Okinawa in the 20th century.

Indigenous islanders' diet

The traditional diet of the islanders contained sweet potato, green-leafy or root vegetables, and soy foods, such as miso soup, tofu or other soy preparations, occasionally served with small amounts of fish, noodles, or lean meats, all cooked with herbs, spices, and oil. Although the traditional Japanese diet usually includes large quantities of rice, the traditional Okinawa diet consisted of smaller quantities of rice; instead the staple was sweet potato. The Okinawa diet had only 30% of the sugar and 15% of the grains of the average Japanese dietary intake.

Okinawan cuisine consists of smaller meal portions of green and yellow vegetables, soy and other legumes, relatively small amounts of rice compared to mainland Japan, as well as occasional fish and pork. The center of the Okinawan cuisine is the sweet potato. Not only is the sweet potato tuber used but so are the leaves from the plant. The leaves are used often in miso soup. In Okinawa, the bitter melon is called goya and is served in the national dish, gōyā chanpurū.

Food proportions
The dietary intake of Okinawans compared to other Japanese circa 1950 shows that Okinawans consumed: fewer total calories (1785 vs. 2068), less polyunsaturated fat (4.8% of calories vs. 8%), less rice (154g vs. 328g), significantly less wheat, barley and other grains (38g vs. 153g), less sugars (3g vs. 8g), more legumes (71g vs. 55g), significantly less fish (15g vs. 62g), significantly less meat and poultry (3g vs. 11g), less eggs (1g vs. 7g), less dairy (<1g vs. 8g), much more sweet potatoes (849g vs. 66g), less other potatoes (2g vs. 47g), less fruit (<1g vs. 44g), and no pickled vegetables (0g vs. 42g). As proportions of total caloric intake, foods in the traditional Okinawa diet included sweet potato (69%), rice (12%), other grains (7%), legumes including soy (6%), green and yellow vegetables (3%), refined oils (2%), fish (1%) and seaweed, meat (mostly pork), refined sugars, potato, egg, nuts and seeds, dairy and fruit (all <1%). Specifically, the Okinawans circa 1950 ate sweet potatoes for 849 grams of the total 1262 grams of food that they consumed, which constituted 69% of their total daily calories.

The traditional Okinawan diet as described above was widely practiced on the islands until about the 1960s. Since then, dietary practices shifted towards Western and mainland Japanese patterns, with fat intake rising from about 6% to 27% of total caloric intake and the sweet potato being supplanted with rice and bread.

Another low-calorie staple in Okinawa was seaweed, particularly, konbu or kombu. This plant, like much of the greenery from the island, is rich in protein, amino acids and minerals such as iodine. Another seaweed commonly eaten was wakame, which is rich in minerals like iodine, magnesium and calcium. Seaweed and tofu in one form or other were eaten on a daily basis.

Okinawans ate three grams total of meat – including pork and poultry – per day, substantially less than the 11-gram average of Japanese as a whole in 1950. The pig's feet, ears, and stomach were considered as everyday foodstuffs. In 1979 after many years of Westernization, the quantity of pork consumption per person a year in Okinawa was , exceeding by about 50% that of the Japanese national average.

Okinawan health
In addition to their relative longevity identified in the mid-20th century, islanders were noted for their low mortality from cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancers. One study compared age-adjusted mortality of Okinawans versus Americans and found that, during 1995, an average Okinawan was 8 times less likely to die from coronary artery disease, 7 times less likely to die from prostate cancer, 6.5 times less likely to die from breast cancer, and 2.5 times less likely to die from colon cancer than an average American of the same age. In the 21st century, the shifting dietary trend coincided with a decrease in longevity, where Okinawans actually developed a lower life expectancy than the Japanese average.

Overall, the traditional Okinawa diet led to little weight gain with age, low body mass index throughout life, and low risk from age-related disease. No ingredients or foods of any kind have been scientifically shown to possess antiaging properties.

Research
In the 1972 Japan National Nutrition Survey, it was determined that Okinawan adults consumed 83% of what Japanese adults did and that Okinawan children consumed 62% of what Japanese children consumed. Since the early 2000s, the difference in life expectancy between Okinawan and mainland Japanese decreased, possibly due to Westernization and erosion of the traditional diet. The spread of primarily American fast-food chains was linked with an increase in cardiovascular diseases, much like the ones noted in Japanese migrants to the United States.

Culture and customs
Okinawa and Japan have food-centered cultures. Festivities often include food or are food-based. Moreover, the food tends to be seasonal, fresh and raw. Portion sizes are small and meals are brought out in stages that starts with appetizers, many main courses including sashimi (raw fish) and suimono (soup), sweets and tea. The food culture and presentation is preserved, passing low-calorie food from generation to generation.

See also
 Calorie restriction
 Hara hachi bu
 List of diets
 Okinawan cuisine
 Mediterranean diet

References

Bibliography

Eating behaviors of humans
Diets
Gerontology
Nutrient-rich, low calorie diets

Okinawa diet


{{Ficha de taxón
| color              = violet
| name               = Cafeteria roenbergensis virus
| image          = CroV TEM.jpg
| virus_group        = i
| domain = Varidnaviria
| regnum = Bamfordvirae
| phylum = Nucleocytoviricota
| classis = Megaviricetes
| familia            = Mimiviridae
| subfamilia         =
| genus              = Virus Cafetería roenbergensis| type_species       =
| subdivision_ranks  = Species
| subdivision        = Virus de la cafeteria roenbergensis}}

El Virus Cafetería roenbergensis, también conocido como Cafeteria roenbergensis virus (CroV), es un virus nucleocitoplasmáticos de ADN de gran tamaño que infecta específicamente al zooplancton marino Cafetería roenbergensis''. CroV tiene un genoma el cual consta de ~ 730.000 pares de bases de ADN de doble cadena. Entre sus 544 predicen genes que codifican proteínas que son varios normalmente se limitan a los organismos celulares, tales como la traducción de los factores y enzimas de la reparación del ADN y la síntesis de los hidratos de carbono.

CroV está lejanamente emparentada con el Mimivirus a pesar de su tamaño y pertenece a un grupo de virus conocido como grandes virus de ADN nucleocitoplasmaticos. Incluso el  CroV  es parasitada por un virófago llamado "Mavirus".

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Biodiversidad: más complicadas de lo que piensas. Un nuevo virus, el gigante está confundiendo las viejas certezas, The Economist, 28 de octubre de 2010

Mimiviridae

Virus cafeteria roenbergensis


Marshall Bertram Rosenberg (October 6, 1934February 7, 2015) was an American psychologist, mediator, author and teacher. Starting in the early 1960s, he developed nonviolent communication, a process for supporting partnership and resolving conflict within people, relationships, and society. He worked worldwide as a peacemaker, and in 1984 founded the Center for Nonviolent Communication, an international nonprofit organization for which he served as Director of Educational Services.

Family
Rosenberg was born in Canton, Ohio, to Jewish parents. His parents were Jean () Rosenberg and Fred Donald Rosenberg. Rosenberg's maternal grandmother, Anna Satovsky Wiener, had nine children. His grandfather worked at Packard Motor Car Company and his grandmother taught workers' children to dance. Wiener spent her final years living with ALS with the Rosenbergs, and Rosenberg credits his family's compassionate care for Wiener during the period his later work.

In Steubenville, Ohio, Rosenberg's father loaded trucks with wholesale grocery stock, and Rosenberg himself went to a three-room school. Jean Rosenberg was a professional bowler with tournaments five nights per week. She was also a gambler with high-stakes backers. His parents divorced twice: once when Rosenberg was three and again when he left home.

The family moved to Detroit, Michigan, one week before the Detroit race riot of 1943 in which 34 people were killed and 433 wounded. At an inner-city school, Rosenberg discovered anti-Semitism and internalized it. Rosenberg married his first wife, Vivian, in 1961. They had three children. In 1974, he married his second wife, Gloria, whom he divorced in 1999. He married his third wife, Valentina (a.k.a. Kidini) in 2005, with whom he remained until his death in 2015.

Education
At age 13 Rosenberg began Hebrew school but got expelled. Twice his father beat him, once so badly he missed school the next day. After Rosenberg's father bought a house in a better neighborhood, Rosenberg attended Cooley High School and graduated in 1952 as valedictorian. When considering medicine as a career, Rosenberg worked with an embalmer for a while to measure his interest in the human body.

Rosenberg's first college was Wayne State University. He then entered the University of Michigan, and he worked as a waiter at a sorority and a cook's help at a fraternity. Putting up with anti-Semitism, he graduated in three years. The State of Wisconsin paid for Rosenberg's training as a psychologist.

Professor Michael Hakeem taught Rosenberg that psychology and psychiatry were dangerous, since scientific and value judgments were mixed in the fields. Hakeem also had Rosenberg read about traditional moral therapy in which clients were seen as down on their luck rather than sick. Rosenberg was influenced by the 1961 books The Myth of Mental Illness by Thomas Szasz and Asylums by Erving Goffman. He also remembered reading Albert Bandura on "Psychotherapy as a learning process".

Rosenberg's practicum placements were the Wisconsin Diagnostic Center, schools for delinquent girls and boys, and Mendota State Hospital. There, psychiatrist Bernie Banham "would never have it where we would talk about a client in his absence". In Mendota, Rosenberg began to practice family therapy with all parties present, including children. After graduation, Rosenberg worked in Winnebago with Gordon Filmer-Bennett for a year to fulfill his obligation to the state for his graduate training.

Practice

In 1961, Rosenberg received his Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. His dissertation, Situational Structure and Self-evaluation, prefigured certain key aspects of his later work with nonviolent communication by focusing on "the relationship between (the) structure of social situations and two dimensions of self evaluation; positive self evaluation and certainty of self evaluation". In 1966 he was awarded Diplomate status in clinical psychology from the American Board of Examiners in Professional Psychology.

Rosenberg started out in clinical practice in Saint Louis, Missouri, forming Psychological Associates with partners. In making an analysis of problems of children in school, he found learning disabilities. He wrote his first book, Diagnostic Teaching, in 1968, reporting his findings. He also met Al Chappelle, a leader in the Zulu 1200s, a black liberation group in St. Louis. Rosenberg went to teach his approach to conflict resolution to the gang in exchange for Chappelle appearing at desegregation conventions, starting in Washington, D.C. While Chappelle was harnessing communication against racism, Vicki Legion began to collaborate to counter sexism. "I started to give my services, instead of to individual affluent clients, to people on the firing line like Al and Vicki, and others fighting in behalf of human rights of various groups."

The superintendent of schools, Thomas Shaheen, in Rockford, Illinois called upon Rosenberg to deal with conflicts in an alternative school that was established. In 1970 Shaheen became superintendent of schools in San Francisco, California and was charged with racially integrating the city's schools. He called on Rosenberg to help as before and Rosenberg organized a group but Shaheen was dismissed before it could come into action. Rosenberg decided to stay in California and promoted the Community Council for Mutual Education with the help of Vicki Legion.

He worked for four years in Norfolk, Virginia's school integration. Rosenberg was called to many states, countries, and conflicts to provide his expertise in nonviolent communication. In 2004 he was visiting about 35 countries per year on his mission as a travelling peacemaker. From his home base at Albuquerque, Rosenberg supported his followers elsewhere with a Center of Nonviolent Communication in New Mexico. He died at home on February 7, 2015.

According to cognitive therapist Albert Ellis, Ted Crawford, who co-authored the book Making Intimate Connections with Ellis, "particularly liked the anger-resisting philosophy of Marshall Rosenberg and made presentations on it".

See also
 List of peace activists

Awards
 2014: Hero and Champion of Forgiveness Award Worldwide Forgiveness Alliance
 2006: Bridge of Peace Nonviolence Award from the Global Village Foundation
 2005: Light of God Expressing in Society Award from the Association of Unity Churches
 2004: Religious Science International Golden Works Award
 2004: International Peace Prayer Day Man of Peace Award by the Healthy, Happy Holy (3HO) Organization
 2002: Princess Anne of England and Chief of Police Restorative Justice Appreciation Award
 2000: International Listening Association Listener of the Year Award

Bibliography
 (2015) Nonviolent Communication: A Language of Life. (264 pages) Third Edition. Encinitas, CA: PuddleDancer Press.
 (2012) Living Nonviolent Communication: Practical Tools to Connect and Communicate Skillfully in Every Situation. (288 pages; compilation of prior short works) Sounds True.
 (2005) Being Me, Loving You: A Practical Guide to Extraordinary Relationships. (80 pages)
 (2005) Practical Spirituality: The Spiritual Basis of Nonviolent Communication. (32 pages)
 (2005) Speak Peace in a World of Conflict: What You Say Next Will Change Your World. (240 pages) Encinitas, CA: PuddleDancer Press.
 (2005) The Surprising Purpose of Anger: Beyond Anger Management: Finding the Gift. (48 pages)
 (2004) Getting Past the Pain Between Us: Healing and Reconciliation Without Compromise. (48 pages)
 (2004) The Heart of Social Change: How to Make a Difference in Your World. (45 pages)
 (2004) Raising Children Compassionately: Parenting the Nonviolent Communication Way. (48 pages)
 (2004) Teaching Children Compassionately: How Students and Teachers Can Succeed with Mutual Understanding (41 pages)
 (2004) We Can Work It Out: Resolving Conflicts Peacefully and Powerfully. (32 pages)
 (2003) Life-Enriching Education: NVC Helps Schools Improve Performance, Reduce Conflict and Enhance Relationships. (192 pages) Encinitas, CA: PuddleDancer Press.
 (2003) Nonviolent Communication: A Language of Life. (222 pages) Second Edition. Encinitas, CA: PuddleDancer Press.
 (2003) Speaking Peace: Connecting with Others Through Nonviolent Communication. (audiobook)
 (1999) Nonviolent Communication: A Language of Compassion. (166 pages) First Edition. Encinitas, CA: PuddleDancer Press.
 (1986) Duck Tales and Jackal Taming Hints. Booklet. (Out of Print)
 (1983) A Model for Nonviolent Communication. (35 pages) Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers.
 (1976) From Now On. (149 pages) Community Psychological Consultants Inc., St. Louis, MO.
 (1972) A Manual for "Responsible" Thinking and Communicating. (55 pages) St. Lois, MI: Community Psychological Consultants
 (1972) Mutual Education: Toward Autonomy and Interdependence. Bernie Straub Publishing Co. (Out of Print)
 (1968) Diagnostic Teaching Special Child Publications (Out of Print)

References

External links

 Big Picture TV Free video clip of Marshall Rosenberg discussing nonviolent communication
  about nonviolent communication in close relationships
 PuddleDancer Press: the main publisher of nonviolent communication-related works
 Vintage 1993 video of a Dr. Marshall Rosenberg TV appearance in Tucson, Arizona
 Giving from the heart Excerpt from the book Nonviolent Communication: A Language of Life
 Wiki for Nonviolent Communication
 The Center for Nonviolent Communication Making the World a More Compassionate Place Through Nonviolent Communication
 Marshall Rosenberg Library
 Marshall Rosenberg video clips on youtube
 TruceWorks A conflict resolution website influenced by his nonviolent communication theory

1934 births
2015 deaths
20th-century American Jews
20th-century American psychologists
Jewish anti-war activists
Nonviolence advocates
University of Michigan alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Cooley High School alumni
21st-century American Jews

Marshall Rosenberg


Magé foi uma canhoneira operada pela Armada Imperial Brasileira. Recebeu seu nome tupi em alusão à residência do Pagé. Foi construída no estaleiro de Mr. Green em Blackwall, Inglaterra. A canhoneira possuía o casco de madeira, motor a vapor, tinha um peso em deslocamento de 564 toneladas, media 43,35 metros de comprimento, tinha 7,44 metros de boca e 3,50 metros de pontal. Possuía um motor a vapor de 120 HP. Seu meio ofensivo era constituído de seis canhões de calibre 32 e um de 68.

Magé chegou ao Brasil em 22 de julho de 1854. No mesmo ano participou da Divisão Naval de Pedro Ferreira de Oliveira enviada ao Paraguai como uma demonstração de força do Brasil contra aquele país. A partir de 1865, participou de várias batalhas da Guerra do Paraguai como a Passagem de Mercedes, Combate de Itapiru, reconhecimento da Lagoa Pires, reconhecimento do rio Paraguai, bombardeio de Curuzú, Passagem de Curupaiti e Combate de Logoa Verá. Após a guerra, foi encaminhada para o 1.º Distrito Naval em 14 de abril de 1875. A embarcação foi aposentada em 17 de março de 1883.

Canhoneiras da Marinha do Brasil
Navios brasileiros da Guerra do Paraguai
Navios de 1853

Magé (canhoneira)


Lúhanskfylki (úkraínska: Луга́нська о́бласть) er austasta hérað Úkraínu og hluti af Donbas-svæðinu. Stærð þess er 26.700 km2. Fljótið Donets rennur um héraðið. Íbúar voru um 2,1 milljón árið 2021. Megnið af 20. öld hét héraðið Voroshylovhradska Oblast þegar það var hluti af Sovétríkjunum.

Árið 2014 stofnuðu rússneskumælandi aðskilnaðarsinnar þar sjálfstætt lýðveldi með stuðningi Rússlands.
Frá því 3. júlí 2022 er héraðið undir stjórn Rússlands eftir innrás þeirra í Úkraínu 2022.

Helstu borgir
Lúhansk
Lysytsjansk
Sjevjerodonetsk

Tilvísanir

Fylki í Úkraínu

Lúhanskfylki


مانو داياك  زعيم ومفاوض طارقي من النيجر، وقائد انتفاضة طوارق النيجر سنة 1990 .

سيرته
ولد مانو داياك عام 1949 م بوادي تيدن شمال أكاديز، وينتسب إلى قبيلة «إيفوغاس», تعلم بمدرسة فرنسية متنقلة خاصة بالرحل بأزال، ثم تحصل على دبلوم من المدرسة الثانوية العامة في مدينة أكاديز، قبل أن يرحل للعمل بنيامي عاصمة النيجر، وفي سن العشرين سافر إلى الولايات المتحدة للدراسة العليا بنيويورك وانديانا بوليس وكان يعمل بالموازاة مع الدراسة. عام 1973 سافر إلى باريس ودرس في المعهد التطبيقي للدراسات العليا التقنية والانثروبولوجية الثقافية والاجنماعية للعالم الأمازيغي، وتزوج ب'أودي' هناك ورزق بطفلين «ماولي» و«مداني». رجع إلى النيجر وهناك اشتغل دليلا سياحيا في الصحراء مع وكالة أسفار فرنسية ثم أنشأ وكالته الخاصة «تيمت أسفار» والتي أصبحت مشهورة بمنطقة أكاديز حيث شارك بتنظيم رالي باريس دكار وأصبح مقربا من ثييري سابين ومخرج الأفلام المعروف برناردو برتولشي مخرج فيلم «شاي في الصحراء» و«السماء الحامية». كان زعيما أيضا لرابطة المقاومة المسلحة وقائدا للانتفاضة التي اندلعت في التسعينات بجنب «الطاهر عبد المومن» «رئيس جبهة تحرير شمال النيجر» و«ريسا أغ بولا» رئيس جبهة «تحرير الأيير والأزواد» و«محمد اناكو» رئيس «اتحاد قوات المقاومة المسلحة».

وفاته

في الخامس عشر من ديسمبر 1995 م في إطار المفاوضات مع الرئيس النيجيري ماحمان أوصمان كان مانو داياك على متن طائرة بحماية وضمانة من الحكومة الفرنسية وكان معه صحفي فرنسي 'هوبرت لاسيي' وزعيمين طارقين هما 'حامد أحمد أغ خالو' و'يهاها ويلي ويل' ولكن الطائرة انفجرت بعد اقلاعها وقتل كل ركابها. هذا الحادث المأساوي جعل منه أسطورة خالدة حيث ذكر العالم بمأساة الطوارق، وفي عام 1996 قام صائغ طارقي 'أصاغيد' بصنع حلي خاصة مثل التي تعرف بها قبائل الطوارق أسماها بعلامة مانو. كما سمي مطارأكاديز الدولي الآن باسم مطار مانو داياك الدولي، وفي ألبوم المجموعة الطارقية تيناريوين أمان امان غنوا أغنية تذكر بمناقب وكفاح الزعيم مانو تحت نفس الاسم.

مراجع

 Mano Dayak, Michael Stührenberg, Jérôme Strazzulla, Touareg, la Tragédie, Lattès, 1992
 Mano Dayak et Louis Valentin, Je suis né avec du Sable dans les Yeux, Fixot, 1999

روابط خارجية
 صورة لمانو داياك
 علامة مانو داياك

أشخاص من أغاديس
أشخاص من الطوارق
أمازيغ
خريجو جامعة إنديانا
سياسيون نيجريون
مواليد 1949
نيجريون أمازيغ
وفيات 1416 هـ
وفيات 1995
ضحايا حوادث طيران في النيجر

مانو داياك


Villa Epecuén este un oraș-fantomă în departamentul Adolfo Alsina, provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Vezi și
 Listă de orașe-fantomă
 Listă de orașe-fantomă în Argentina

Legături externe

   Come and visit Epecuén the drowned ghost town..., Daily Mail, 10 May 2013
  Lago Epecuén, Fotos, Historia y Mapa. La inundación
 Epecuén, città fantasma argentina riemerge dalle acque dopo 25 anni

Villa Epecuén