"O salário está baixo" é um artigo escrito pelo então capitão do Exército Brasileiro Jair Bolsonaro em 1986, publicado na revista Veja, onde ele criticava os baixos salários dos militares. O artigo teve repercussão e tornou Bolsonaro imagem pública, posteriormente levando-o a ser preso por 15 dias.

Contexto

Jair Messias Bolsonaro entrou para o Exército durante a ditadura militar brasileira, tendo se formado na Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN) em 1977. Ele integrava a equipe de paraquedistas, já tendo feito mais de 500 saltos e estando no quadro de acesso ao posto de major. Documentos produzidos pelo Exército Brasileiro na década de 1980 mostram que os superiores de Bolsonaro o avaliaram como dono de uma "excessiva ambição em realizar-se financeira e economicamente".

Na edição 939 da revista Veja, da semana de 3 de setembro de 1986, na seção "Ponto de Vista", foi publicado o artigo "O salário está baixo", em que Bolsonaro, servindo como capitão no 8.º Grupo de Artilharia de Campanha, reclamava de uma "situação crítica" dos militares com relação aos salários, que, segundo Bolsonaro, estavam defasados por conta da inflação e falta de reajuste. Ele notou que "um capitão com oito a nove anos de permanência no posto recebe [...] exatos 10.433 cruzados por mês". Acusou que essa era a causa "da evasão, até agora, de mais de oitenta cadetes da [AMAN]. Eles solicitaram desligamento. Não foram expulsos, como sugere o noticiário". Além disso, ele alegava que, com exceção dos militares que serviam em Brasília — que dispunham de casas do próprio Exército, com taxas baixas — outros militares sofriam com os altos aluguéis, além de problemas com os colégios dos filhos e outras obrigações. Ele terminou o artigo dizendo: "Sou um cidadão brasileiro cumpridor dos meus deveres, patriota e portador de uma excelente folha de serviços. Apesar disso, não consigo sonhar com as necessidades mínimas que uma pessoa do meu nível cultural e social poderia almejar [...] Brasil acima de tudo".

Reações

Militares
O ministro do Exército, Leônidas Pires Gonçalves, inicialmente declarou que considerava a publicação de "O salário está baixo" um "ato de indisciplina inadmissível". Ele fez reuniões para discutir a prisão de Bolsonaro, o que foi feito; Bolsonaro ficou preso por 15 dias pois teria cometido "transgressão grave", acusado de "ter ferido a ética, gerando clima de inquietação no âmbito da organização militar" e também "por ter sido indiscreto na abordagem de assuntos de caráter oficial". No entanto, a atitude de seus superiores provocou também a reação de oficiais da ativa e da reserva. Bolsonaro recebeu cerca de 150 telegramas de solidariedade, além do apoio de oficiais do Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME) e de mulheres de oficiais, que realizaram manifestação em frente ao complexo militar da Praia Vermelha, no Rio de Janeiro. O coronel Bazarov foi preso por dez dias por apoiar uma carta de sua esposa enviada a um jornal do Rio Grande do Sul aplaudindo o artigo de Bolsonaro, e ficou preso por mais oito após reafirmar que os salários de militares estavam baixos.

Em 1988, foi absolvido pelo Superior Tribunal Militar (STM).

Externas
Com "O salário está baixo", Bolsonaro tornou público o debate dos salários dos militares, e ganhou projeção nacional. Até então, ele só havia sido citado em algumas notícias no início dos anos 70, que tratavam de seu ingresso na escola de cadetes no interior de São Paulo. Retrospectivamente, portanto, o Migalhas avaliou que o artigo marcou o nascimento político de Bolsonaro.

O artigo teve grande repercussão na revista e por jornais do Brasil, que repercutiram o tumulto causado pelo artigo no comando do Exército. João Alberto Ferreira escreveu um artigo ao Jornal do Brasil criticando "O salário está baixo", notando: "Muito mais baixos do que os salários dos militares estão os de seus colegas civis". Leonardo Mota Neto escreveu ao Correio Braziliense que o artigo "bem expressa a coragem com que os jovens oficiais do Exército encaram a problemática salarial e, em extensão, o drama social do País". Em outro artigo para o mesmo jornal, Josemar Dantas escreveu que "O salário está baixo", "embora resulte de uma decisão individual, na verdade reflete a generalizada inconformidade dos militares com a drástica perda do poder aquisitivo de seus salários".

Bibliografia

Ligações externas
 O artigo em VEJA e a prisão de Bolsonaro nos anos 1980, Revista Veja, 15 Maio 2017, 22h13

1986 no Brasil
Exército Brasileiro
Jair Bolsonaro
Veja
Prisões de líderes políticos

O salário está baixo


McCarthycilik ya da İkinci Kızıl Panik, 1940'lı yılların sonunda başlayıp 1950'li yılların sonuna değin ABD'de sürmüş antikomünist kuşkuculuğunu belirtmektedir. İkinci Kızıl Tehlike olarak da anılan terim, adını ABD senatörü Joseph McCarthy'den almaktadır.

Bu dönemde, çeşitli durumlardan ötürü türlü insanlar komünist ya da komünist duygudaşı olmakla suçlanmış, özel ve devlet kurumlarınca saldırgan soruşturmalarla karşı karşıya kalmışlardır.

Bu dönem süresince, birçok insan işten kovulmalara, işyerlerinin yok edilmesine ve tutuklanmalara maruz kalmıştır. Bu olaylar, Soğuk Savaş'ın bir parçası olmuştur.

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız
 Kızıl Tehlike
 Antikomünizm

McCarthycilik


Güneydoğu Asya Uluslar Birliği (Association of Southeast Asian Nations, kısaltmasıyla ASEAN), 8 Ağustos 1967'de Vietnam Savaşı'ndan kaynaklanan komünist genişlemeye karşı olarak Filipinler, Malezya, Tayland, Endonezya ve Singapur arasında kurulan uluslararası örgüt. 2005 yılında örgütün toplam gayri safi yurt içi hasılası yaklaşık 884 milyar dolardır. Yılda %4'lük bir büyüme oranı yakalanmıştır. 2006'da GSYH 1,066 trilyona yükselmiştir.

ASEAN, 8 Ağustos 1967'de Bangkok'ta Filipinler, Malezya, Tayland, Endonezya ve Singapur'un kurduğu uluslararası bir örgüttür. 8 Ocak 1984'te Bruney Darussalam, 28 Temmuz 1995'te Vietnam, 23 Temmuz 1997'de Lao PDR ve Birmanya ve 30 Nisan 1999'da Kamboçya örgüte dahil olmuştur.

4,5 milyon kilometre kareye yayılan ASEAN bölgesinin toplam nüfusu 500 milyon civarındadır.

ASEAN örgütünün öncelikli hedefleri arasında bölge ülkelerinin ekonomik büyümesine ivme kazandırılması, toplumsal ve kültürel gelişim, bölgede barış ve istikrarın sağlanması yer almaktadır.

2003 yılında ASEAN liderlerinin ASEAN'ın 3 bölümü kapsaması gerektiği kararı üzerine ASEAN Güvenlik Topluluğu, ASEAN Ekonomik Topluluğu ve ASEAN Toplum ve Kültür Topluluğu oluşturuldu.

ASEAN'ın en üst karar verme organı her yıl gerçekleştirilen ASEAN devlet başkanları zirvesidir. ASEAN ülkelerinin dışişleri bakanları da her yıl bir kez bir araya gelmektedir. Ayrıca tarım ve ormancılık, ticaret, enerji, çevre, finans, sağlık, yatırım, işgücü, hukuk, kırsal gelişim, yoksullukla mücadele, telekomünikasyon, uluslararası suç, ulaştırma, turizm gibi konularda ASEAN ülkelerinin bakanlarının bir araya geldiği toplantılar düzenlenmektedir.

Koordinasyonun sağlanması ve diplomatik ilişkilerde bulunulması amacıyla ASEAN örgütünün Pekin, Berlin, Brüksel, Canberra, Cenova, İslamabad, Londra, Moskova, Yeni Delhi, New York, Ottawa, Paris, Riyad, Seul, Tokyo, Washington ve Wellington'da temsilcilik ofisleri bulunmaktadır.

Türkiye, Güneydoğu Asya Ülkeleri Birliği Dostluk ve İşbirliği Antlaşması'na (ASEAN/TAC) katılım belgesini 23 temmuz 2010 tarihinde imzalamıştır.

Genel sekreterler

1967'de kurulan kuruluşlar

Güneydoğu Asya Ülkeleri Birliği


Kenny vs. Spenny is a Canadian reality comedy television series starring Kenny Hotz and Spencer Rice, where they face against each other in competitions. The loser of each episode performs an act of humiliation, usually selected by the winner. Hotz and Rice created the series in addition to serving as executive producers, and it was typically shot in their hometown of Toronto (the pilot was filmed in Los Angeles), based mostly out of the house they shared. As of November 2008, the show aired on CBC, Global and Showcase in Canada, Comedy Central in Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands, The Comedy Channel in Australia, Animax and later, Sony MAX, in South Africa, Italia 2 in Italy, FX in Portugal, on Jim in Finland. The series concluded with an hour-long Christmas special that aired on December 23, 2010, at 9 pm ET/PT on Showcase. It aired in Latin America on Sony Spin for a short time.

The series was nominated for the Canadian Comedy Awards in 2010 and 2011 and for Gemini Awards in 2005, 2006, and 2008 as the best Canadian comedy series, and received a Rose d'Or nomination in Switzerland for "best international comedy series". The show has spawned several replicas of its format, including a family-friendly French Canadian version called Frank vs Girard that airs on VRAK.TV. Also following the format are Ed vs. Spencer in the United Kingdom, Juan vs. Roman in Colombia, Elton vs. Simon in Germany, Katja vs. Bridget, Dennis vs. Valerio in the Netherlands, and Sid vs. Varun in India. In 2009 the show was named #8 among the top 10 Canadian television shows of the decade.

Premise

Kenneth "Kenny" Joel Hotz and Spencer "Spenny" Nolan Rice are lifelong friends who compete against each other in a series of competitions. The loser of each competition must suffer a humiliation chosen by the winner.

The show's comedy depended on the polarizing personalities of Hotz and Rice, who are respectively extroverted and neurotic. Hotz embraced devious tactics during the show and often cheated, found loopholes in the rules for a competition, and intimidated Rice with insults, elaborate schemes and manipulation.

In contrast, Rice rarely cheated and tried to compete honestly. He felt he could retain some dignity if he promoted awareness of social or political causes, such as promoting awareness of climate change during "Who Can 69 The Longest?" or Irritable bowel syndrome during "Who Can Keep a Dump in their Pants the Longest?"

However, Hotz's strategies and jokes made Rice increasingly paranoid and short-tempered towards Hotz and the production crew as the show progressed.

Common strategies used by Hotz and Rice

Rules
A repeating trend  as the show progresses is how cheating is tolerated as long as the person is not caught, eventually becoming an unspoken rule, much to the chagrin of Spenny.

Part of the drama involves the multiple instances in which Kenny and Spenny argue about what the nature of the show should actually be. Spenny has argued that the point of the competitions is to find out who is the better man, and that while Kenny at times manages to genuinely outsmart Spenny, the moments in which he goes over the line ruins the purpose of the show. On the other hand Kenny holds less value in the "sanctity" of these competitions, repeatedly stating that the reason they compete is to humiliate the other person on TV.

Ultimately it becomes clear that their perspectives on what the nature of the show should be is motivated by creating a playing field that is biased towards their respective strengths.

Kenny's approach to problem solving is to think outside of the box and to find a clever workaround, thus causing him to prefer rules that are minimal and vague. Spenny on the other hand prefers rules that are concrete, and tends to employ admirable if reductive strategies that rely on hard work as well as physical/mental endurance.

Cheating
Hotz cheated during 27 out of 56 of his victories, while Rice cheated during five of his 27 victories. In some cases, both Rice and Hotz were helped by their production crew, families and friends in their attempts to cheat. While Rice would cheat out of desperation, Hotz justified his cheating by arguing the loser is ultimately whoever does a humiliation.

Insults
Hotz regularly tried to make Rice annoyed during competitions so he would lose focus. Hotz regularly joked that Rice was a violent and emotionally disturbed man with a micropenis; that he engaged in rape, pedophilia, necrophilia, zoophilia, and incest; and that he was racist, an anti-Semite and related to Adolf Hitler.

Rice's family were also often the victims of Hotz's insults and jokes. Hotz regularly joked about having sex with Rice's mother and accused her of being sexually promiscuous and morbidly obese. In "Who Can Imitate the Other Guy Better?" Hotz—while pretending to be Rice—performed a song about being sexually abused as a child by Rice's grandfather.

Deception and intimidation
Hotz's main tactic was to deceive Rice and make him become angry or upset. In "Who Is Funnier?" Hotz drafted a letter from Ontario's health ministry that Rice had recently had sexual intercourse with someone who had tested positive for HIV/AIDS. Rice was too upset to complete his stand-up comedy routine at a Toronto Yuk Yuk's. Hotz used the prank as his entry. Rice was poisoned with Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) during "Who Can Wear A Dead Octopus On Their Head The Longest?"

Hotz sometimes invented comedic characters and dressed in costumes to entertain the viewers and crew while antagonizing Rice. As an example, Hotz harassed Rice as "Silencio," and wore a white jumpsuit and Lucha libre-style mask in "Who Can Stay Blindfolded The Longest?"

Rice often lost competitions because his paranoia made him sabotage his own efforts. In "Who Can Kiss More Women?" Rice believed Hotz was spying on him after a woman who recognized Rice from the show started helping him. Hotz said he did not know who the woman was. During "Who Can Blow the Biggest Fart?" Hotz made a chili filled with an antiflatulent. Hotz filled his anus with air using a bicycle tire pump and made it appear like he had bigger farts. Rice ate some of the chilli and was unable to fart for the rest of the competition.

Use of family and friends
Hotz often recruited his family to help with his campaigns against Rice. His mother, Tzafi, was in 18 episodes and frequently helped her son. In "Who Can Win a Ten Mile Race?" Tzafi agreed to pretend to have died during filming of the episode after pretending to be sick. Hotz gave Rice a fake funeral time in the hopes Rice would not have enough time to win.

In "Who Can Dance the Longest?" Tzafi let Hotz hide in her home as Rice searched the house for him. In the same episode, his sister demanded payment from Rice in exchange for any information on Hotz's whereabouts and Hotz's brother refused to help.

Rice's family also appeared in the show. In "First One to Talk Loses," Hotz invited Rice's cousin to the house where they filmed for a date. Hotz hoped Rice would speak out in anger, but instead heard Hotz asking her "please?" when he tried kissing her. She returned to help Rice in "First Guy to Get a Boner Loses" and performed a striptease for Hotz. This failed because Hotz had asked his brother—who is a physician in Toronto—for a nerve block to temporarily stop erections.

In "Who Can Get Further With The Other Guy's Mom?" Rice took his robe off in front of Tzafi after he attempted to kiss her. Hotz got Rice's mother drunk and said he "could not legally say what happened," but smelled his finger and made a disgusted face to suggest he touched her genitals.

Friends and mutual friends were often used by both Rice and Hotz to help with plans or unnerve their opponent. Hotz regularly met with Hwang Goldfield, a practitioner of alternative medicine in Toronto's Koreatown neighbourhood, for supplements and advice. The two had a falling out after Hotz tampered with products in the store and joked that Goldfield planned the September 11 attacks.

Involvement of the production crew
Both Hotz and Rice had their production crews get props and equipment, and get involved with strategies. Rice has admitted in interviews following the show's end he agreed to let Hotz and the crew conspire against him in exchange for deciding each competitions rules.

Soundman Brendan Michie and unit co-ordinator Jamie Tiernay were frequent production crew members who helped Hotz. Michie used his skills as a pianist, guitarist and saxophone player to compose songs for Hotz. Tiernay was often an active participant in Hotz's plans. In "Who Can Wear a Gorilla Suit the Longest?" Tiernay and Tzafi wore gorilla costumes to confuse Rice.

Rice regularly relied on his unit co-ordinator, Donny Rose, to help brainstorm strategies, stop Hotz from cheating, or foil Hotz's attempts to make Rice lose. Hotz fired Rose after two seasons because he felt he was giving too much help to Rice. During "First One to Talk Loses," Hotz reprimanded Rose for helping Rice become unglued from a dresser.

Rice also had production assistant Brian Peco and unit co-ordinator Kevin Morgan help with his plans and offer feedback. In "Who Can Make the Best Viral Video?" Rice's crew encouraged him to drink his own urine and post it online.

The crew were often used to disrupt competitions, act as judges and settle disputes over rules. During "Who Can 69 The Longest?" the crew got bored because Hotz and Rice had spent much of the start of the competition on a couch. The production crew and other people physically abused  Hotz and Rice. The abuse ended when Rice quit after the two were sprayed with a fire hose from the Niagara Falls fire department.

In cases where both Rice and Hotz failed to win a competition, the crew chose a double humiliation for them. Both Hotz and Rice had to take a nude bath together following "Who Can Smoke More Weed?" and make out with each other after "Who Can Survive in the Woods the Longest?" They also joined humiliations. After "Who Can Win a Cockfight?" Hotz made Rice smoke a joint made from the crew's body hair. The crew vomited on Rice after "Who's the Best Soldier?"

Production

Starting with the fourth season, Kenny and Spenny were both executive producers and received credit separate from five other executive producers. Matt Stone and Trey Parker, creators of the TV show South Park, joined the show for the fourth season and were given their own separate credit as executive producers for the ten episodes in which they were involved. Instrumental and electronic music is frequently used throughout episodes scored by Composer Richard Pell. Ride of the Valkyries, Ravel's Boléro, Sergei Prokofiev's Montagues and Capulets and Peter and the Wolf, Gioachino Rossini's La gazza ladra, Mozart's Symphony No. 40 in G minor – 4th Movement, and music by Toronto electronica band Holy Fuck are very frequently used.

Kenny and Spenny each have their own production assistant, camera operator, and sound engineer, who film their independent exploits for each episode. In the earlier seasons, the crew was shared between Kenny and Spenny. Crew members eventually split up into two teams, some joining Kenny's "side", and others joining Spenny's.

During the Industry Standard podcast, Kenny stated the series had a budget of 100,000 CAD per episode for the first season and 350,000 CAD per episode thereafter.

Broadcasting
During an interview with Strombo, Kenny states that Kenny vs. Spenny was originally made for MTV, where the duo was given $8,000 to develop a 3 minute pilot. However, MTV ultimately passed on the show for unknown reasons. He then states USA Network gave them $40,000 to shoot a full 22 minute pilot, but pulled the plug while the pilot was still in production. Kenny and Spenny both decided to finish the pilot anyway and eventually brought it to CBC Television where the show would first air. Despite the claims made by Kenny, the DVD release of Pitch states that the pilot for Kenny vs. Spenny was actually picked up by Canada's Life Network where the show was to go into production in 2001. This ultimately never happened. CBC cancelled the show after the first season, and Showcase Television picked up the series in late 2005. The show has switched broadcasters and been cancelled many times, including by Showcase, and again by CBC, when one of its commercials aired by accident during the network's "toddler block". Spenny has stated in multiple interviews that the main reason for CBC's cancelling of the show was because it aired right before CBC News, and news viewers tuning in early were offended by the show's humiliation segment.

It was produced by Breakthrough Films and Television since its inception. Re-runs of the first two seasons air on CBC late at night, and on CBC's Bold station weekday afternoons. Re-runs also aired on Showcase, and episodes of the show have aired on Shaw Media's Action. The show has aired on GSN in the United States. It is shown internationally on TV 2 Zulu in Denmark, Jim in Finland, the now defunct ZTV Norway, Comedy Central in Sweden, FX (repeats on Challenge) in the United Kingdom (no longer airing), The Comedy Channel in Australia, FX in Portugal, Comedy Central in Germany, Italia 2 in Italy, Comedy Central in the Netherlands and The XtraHOT channel in Israel. Fox Entertainment Group in Latin America has distributed the episodes, which can be seen on the Latin American versions of FOX channel and FX.

Episodes

Christmas special
The series finale Kenny vs. Spenny Christmas Special aired December 23, 2010, at 9 pm eastern time on Showcase.

DVD releases
Video Service Corp has released all six seasons of Kenny vs. Spenny on DVD in Region 1 (Canada only). Beyond Home Entertainment has released the first three seasons on DVD in Region 4.

Streaming availability
Between November 7, 2012 and December 22, 2012, Hotz uploaded the series to his personal YouTube account. On January 22, 2016, Hotz took down the YouTube series (by setting the clips to private), as Rice objected to the episodes being available for free. Hotz stated in a tweet a few days later he was not happy with the removal.

In March 2018, all the videos were made available again on his channel. Following the 2020 protests over the murder of George Floyd, the two-part episode "Who Do Black Guys Like Better?" was privatized briefly by Hotz.

Hotz began re-uploading the series upscaled to 4K resolution in January 2022. These episodes were removed from the channel towards late March 2022, but re-uploaded later that summer. The episodes are also available on Breakthrough Entertainment's YouTube account.

Season 1 of the show is available on CBC Gem.

Statistics
The records and winning percentages vary depending on the definition of a win used by each competitor. The interpretation of what constitutes cheating also varies depending on the competition and may lead to some discrepancies in the statistics.

 If competitions where Kenny cheated (16) or arguably cheated (3) and won are not counted, the record would be -21-5 for Kenny; If they are counted as wins for Spenny (as Spenny suggests they should), then Kenny and Spenny would be tied, each with a record of --5. Note though that Spenny cheated 8 times.

If the competition ends in a draw, there is either no humiliation, or a double humiliation. Although there have been exceptions to this rule.

Other media

Kenny vs. Spenny: Versusville

After the show first aired on CBC, a game was released based on the first season called Kenny vs. Spenny: Versusville. Versusville is a first-person shooter with 3D environments and 4 main game modes. It was released sometime between June and July 2004 on Windows and had online leaderboards and online multiplayer functionality.

The game was considered lost media ever since 2006 when the television show Kenny vs. Spenny moved from the CBC to Showcase. However, on November 4, 2021, Versusville was found by Reddit archivists Ben, Carson, John, and Metalock and has since been made available on https://versusville.com/ with permission from Kenny Hotz, Ira Levy and Mark Greenshields.

Gameplay
Kenny vs. Spenny: Versusville contains 4 main game modes, with each having a unique gameplay style and 3 of which having once supported online multiplayer. Each game can be played from a first-person or third-person perspective.

Residence Evil: A singleplayer-exclusive stealth game mode that originally acted as a tutorial, requiring the player to complete it in order to unlock the other 3 game modes. The map is a rough recreation of the house from Season One, where the player must open the vault without getting caught by Kenny or Spenny. Eventually a v2 was released, which no longer required the player to beat Residence Evil in order to unlock the other game modes.
Wasteball: A multiplayer shooter where players would compete in slime-filled matches. The map is described as a disused building that has been transformed into a chemical waste paintball arena.
Grave Rave: A multiplayer shooter where players must throw zombie parts in order to dispatch each other. The map is described as a late night cemetery filled with a gruesome array of weapons.
Kart Dart: A multiplayer racing game where players must complete a certain number of laps and end with the most points. The vehicles are a selection of different shopping carts, with 3 unique maps all based on food markets.

Awards

|-
! scope="row" | 2005
| Kenny vs. Spenny: Versusville
| Canadian New Media Award's Excellence in Gaming
|
 Other appearances

A flash game was released in early 2004 called Kenny vs Spenny: Quest for the Family Jewels on GSN's website.

Another flash game was released in 2008 called Kenny vs Spenny: Best Friends/Worst Enemies. However, this game was only a demo for a larger mobile game of the same name. The full game is currently considered lost media.

Kenny Hotz appears as a non-playable character in the 2014 video game Goat Simulator for Windows PC and the protagonist of the game is a playable goat named Pilgor who is modeled after Kenny's goat from the season 4 episode "Who Can Be Tied to a Goat the Longest?" Kenny also makes an appearance in Journey to the Savage Planet through in-game commercials.

On January 2, 2023 Kenny Hotz posted a teaser of a new game to his Youtube channel, titled Super KvS. The game is designed by developer Dark Pixel Studios, with no specified release date.

Revival attempts

Both Hotz and Rice have expressed interest in a film adaptation of Kenny vs. Spenny. In a 2013 interview, Rice elaborated, "if it happens I don't think I will live through it but it will be good entertainment." Later on March 7, 2014, Hotz began the Facebook and Twitter campaign #BringBackKvS in an effort to encourage Netflix to commission a seventh season of the show. Netflix had recently resurrected the Trailer Park Boys series from its 2008 finale, and it was Hotz's intention to replicate this success. Between March and May 2014, Hotz and Rice embarked on a 13-city Kenny vs. Spenny vs. Canada comedy tour, showing and discussing rare and unseen Kenny vs. Spenny footage that had been rejected by broadcasters. The tour was filmed for a Kickstarter-funded film titled Kenny vs Spenny: On The Road, however the campaign failed to meet its goal and the film was not released.

Hotz and Rice revisited their onscreen antics in the 2020 CBC Gem special Paldemic, which directly referenced Kenny vs. Spenny and its effect on their friendship and careers in the years since. They jointly received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Host in a Web Program or Series at the 9th Canadian Screen Awards in 2021.

References

External links

 Dedicated section of show creator's website

2002 Canadian television series debuts
2010 Canadian television series endings
CBC Television original programming
Showcase (Canadian TV channel) original programming
Television shows filmed in Toronto
Television series by Breakthrough Entertainment
Television series by Corus Entertainment
Television series by Entertainment One
2010s Canadian comedy television series
2000s Canadian comedy television series

Kenny vs. Spenny


Augustus Bozzi Granville, geboren als Augusto Bozzi (* 7. Oktober 1783 in Mailand; † 3. März 1872 in Dover) war ein italienischstämmiger britischer Allgemeinmediziner, Gynäkologe und Autor.

Leben
Er war der dritte Sohn des Carlo Bozzi, Generalpostmeister der österreichischen Provinz Lombardei, der aus einer alten und angesehenen lombardischen Familie stammte und seit seinem Aufenthalt auf Korsika dort persönliche Verbindungen zur Familie Bonaparte hatte. Seine Mutter war die Engländerin Rosa Granville, deren Namen er später in London seinem eigenen anfügte. Nach dem Unterricht ab seinem sechsten Lebensjahr bei den Barnabiten in Mailand und seinem Schulabschluss am Collegio de Merati studierte er Medizin an der Universität Pavia. Er war überzeugter Republikaner und italienischer Patriot und widersetzte sich den Franzosen unter Napoleon Bonaparte. Deshalb hatte er als Student in Pavia sogar als politischer Gefangener im Gefängnis gesessen.

Nach seinem Studium schloss er sich einer fahrenden Theatertruppe an und sang zur Gitarre. Auf Korfu traf er mit William R. Hamilton zusammen, dem Attaché des britischen Botschafters Lord Elgin in Konstantinopel. Mit Hamilton reiste er nach Griechenland. Anschließend verpflichtete er sich als Arzt bei der türkischen Kriegsmarine, wechselte dann zur britischen Royal Navy und fuhr auf verschiedenen Schiffen im Mittelmeer, nach Westindien und Südamerika, wo er auf Simón Bolívar traf. Für ihn überbrachte Granville 1811 Dokumente an Sir Robert Peel in London. zu dieser Zeit erkrankte er an Malaria und Gelbfieber.

In London heiratete er eine Engländerin und konvertierte vom Katholizismus zur anglikanischen Glaubensgemeinschaft. Im Jahr 1813 schied er aus der Royal Navy aus. Über persönliche Empfehlungen aus dem gesellschaftlich hochstehenden Umkreis seines Freundes William R. Hamilton gelang ihm der Zugang in das medizinische Establishment in London. Doch solle er sich an der Frauenklinik l'Hospice de la Maternité in Paris weiterbilden und sich dann in London als Frauenarzt niederlassen, wurde ihm empfohlen. Granville befolgte diesen Ratschlag und hörte auch 1816 Vorlesungen bei Georges Cuvier und Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire.

Im Jahr 1818 wurde er Arzt an der Westminster Dispensary und 1829 Präsident der Westminster Medical Society. Granville untersuchte Gesundheitsstatistiken und Todesursachen bei der Arbeiterschaft und setzte sich hartnäckig für die notwendigen Reformen ein. In seinem Londoner Exil kämpfte er auch für die Unabhängigkeit des unter fremden Mächten aufgeteilten Italiens (siehe hierzu: Geschichte Italiens).

Granville war ein gebildeter und vielgereister Mann. So war er auch zweimal bis nach Sankt Petersburg gekommen und hatte über seine Reisen das Buch St. Petersburgh. A Journal of Travels to and from that Capital; Through Flanders, the Rhenish Provinces, Prussia, Russia, Poland, Silesia, Saxony, the Federated States of Germany, and France (London 1828) geschrieben. Auf einer Reise besuchte er am 2. Januar 1828 auch Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Er war über Jahrzehnte im damaligen "Weltbad" Bad Kissingen (Bayern) einer jener britischen Ärzte, die in den Sommermonaten für einige Wochen im Kurort praktizierten, damit die zahlreichen englischsprachigen Kurgäste ohne Sprachschwierigkeiten behandelt werden konnten. In dieser Zeit schrieb er auch sein Buch Die Heilquellen in Kissingen (Leipzig 1850). In den Jahren von etwa 1855 bis 1865 fungierte er zugleich als Sekretär jenes Kirchenkomitees, das damals für Bau und Verwaltung der neuen anglikanischen Kirche in Bad Kissingen verantwortlich war.

Granville soll 1821 die erste medizinische Autopsie an einer antiken ägyptischen Mumie – Irtyersenu (etwa 600-550 v. Chr.) aus Theben – vorgenommen haben, wie er in einem Vortrag am 14. April 1825 der Royal Society of London beschrieb, der anschließend unter dem Titel An essay on Egyptian mummies (Verlag W. Nicol, London 1825) veröffentlicht wurde. Damals glaubte der Gynäkologe Gebärmutterkrebs als Todesursache festgestellt zu haben. Heutige Wissenschaftler glauben Granville widerlegt und Tuberkulose als Ursache festgestellt zu haben, wie 2009 weltweit gemeldet wurde.

Neben seiner ärztlichen und wissenschaftlichen Tätigkeit veröffentlichte er mehr als 220 Bücher und Schriften, die in sieben Sprachen übersetzt wurden. Im Jahr 1874, also zwei Jahre nach seinem Tod, wurde seine Autobiografie Autobiography of A. B. Granville veröffentlicht.

Orden und Auszeichnungen
 königlich bayerischer Verdienstorden vom Heiligen Michael

Veröffentlichungen (Auswahl)
An Historical and practical treatise on the internal use of the hydrocyanic (prussic) acid in pulmonary consumption and other diseases of the chest, Verlag Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, 1820 (online)
An essay on Egyptian mummies, Verlag W. Nicol, London 1825 (online)
St. Petersburgh. A Journal of Travels to and from that Capital; Through Flanders, the Rhenish Provinces, Prussia, Russia, Poland, Silesia, Saxony, the Federated States of Germany, and France, Verlag Henry Colburn, London 1828 (online)
The Royal society in XIXth century, London 1836 (online)
The spas of Germany, Verlag Henry Colburn, London 1838 (online). - Neudruck: British Library, Historical Print Editions, März 2011, ISBN 1241323119 bzw. ISBN 978-1241323110
Die Heilquellen in Kissingen. Ihr Gebrauch u. ihre Wirksamkeit, übersetzt von Theodor Cramer, Verlag J. J. Weber, Leipzig 1850 (online)
Autobiography of A. B. Granville, P. B. Granville (Hrsg.), 2 Bände, London 1874 (online)

Literatur
Alex Sakula: Augustus Bozzi Granville (1783–1872). London physician-accoucheur and Italian patriot, in: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, Band 76, 1983, Seite 876–882

Weblinks

Werkverzeichnis der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
Werkverzeichnis bei Google Bücher

Einzelnachweise

Allgemeinmediziner
Gynäkologe, Geburtshelfer
Mediziner (19. Jahrhundert)
Autor
Träger des Verdienstordens vom Heiligen Michael
Italiener
Brite
Person (Bad Kissingen)
Geboren 1783
Gestorben 1872
Mann

Augustus Bozzi Granville


Benazir Butto (UFA:beːnəziːr bɦʊʈːoː, 21 Haziran 1953, Karaçi -  27 Aralık 2007, Ravalpindi), iki kez Pakistan başbakanlığı yapmış siyasetçi. 1999-2007 yılları arasında yurt dışında sürgünde yaşadı. 18 Ekim 2007'de seçimlere katılmak üzere Pakistan'a geri döndü ve başkanlığını yaptığı Pakistan Halk Partisi'nin seçim mitinglerine katılmaya başladı. Ravalpindi'de katıldığı seçim mitinginden ayrılırken bir suikast sonucu öldü.

Gençliği ve eğitimi
Benazir Butto 21 Haziran 1953 tarihinde Karaçi'de doğdu. Babası eski Pakistan devlet başkanı ve başbakanı Zülfikar Ali Butto, İngiltere'nin Oxford Üniversitesi'nde hukuk eğitimini yeni tamamlamıştı. Annesi ise İran Kürtlerinden Begüm Nusret Butto'dur.

Benazir Butto Harvard ve Oxford üniversitelerinde eğitim gördü. 1973 yılında Harvard Üniversitesi'nde lisans eğitimini tamamladı. 1977 yılında ise Oxford Üniversitesi'de Uluslararası Hukuk ve Diplomasi dallarında yüksek lisans eğitimi gördü.

Politikaya girişi
Butto, Oxford Üniversitesi'ni bitirdikten sonra Pakistan'a geri döndü. Babasının tutuklanıp idam edilmesinden sonra bir süre ev hapsinde kaldı. 1984 yılında yurt dışına çıkmasına izin verilmesiyle, Büyük Britanya'ya taşındı ve orada sürgünde babasının kurduğu muhalefet partisi olan Pakistan Halk Partisi'nin liderliğini yaptı. 1987 yılında çimento fabrikatörü Asıf Ali Serdari ile evlendi. Çiftin Bilavel, Bahtiyar ve Asife adlarında 3 çocukları oldu.

Askerî cuntanın şefi Ziya ül Hak'ın 1988'de ölümünden sonra Pakistan'da, 1977 yılından beri ilk kez serbest seçimler yapıldı. 19 Kasım 1988 tarihindeki bu seçimleri kazanan Butto, ilk kez bir müslüman ülkenin kadın başbakanı oldu. 2 Aralık'ta başbakan olarak göreve başladı. Yoğun yolsuzluk suçlamaları altında kalan hükûmet 20 ay kadar sonra, askeri güçlerin desteğindeki devlet başkanı Gulam İshak Han tarafından, yeni seçimlere gidileceği gerekçesiyle devrildi. Ancak Butto aleyhindeki suçlamalar yargıya yansımadı. Yeni hükûmeti Navaz Şerif kurdu. 1993 yılında Butto yeniden seçildiyse de, 3 yıl sonra hükûmet yine yolsuzluk suçlamaları altında, devlet başkanı Faruk Leghari tarafından düşürüldü. Yüksek mahkeme de devlet başkanının kararını onayladı. Ancak Butto ve eşi Zardari hakkındaki suçlamaların doğruluğu kesinleşmedi.

Butto'ya yönelik eleştirilerin başlıca kaynağı, hakkındaki yolsuzluk iddiaları ve Butto'nun ulusal reformları sonucu politik güçlerini yitirmeye başlayan Pencab bölgesindeki zengin toprak sahipleri ve bu bölgenin seçkinleriydi. Butto eski feodal yapıya karşı mücadele etti ve bu yapıyı Pakistan'ın stabilizasyonu önündeki engel olarak niteledi.

1999 yılında, Pervez Müşerref'in liderliğinde gerçekleşen askerî darbe sonrasında Pakistan'ı terk etmek zorunda kaldı. Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri'nin Dubai kentine yerleşti. 2002 yılında Pervez Müşerref, pratikte Benazir Butto'nun  tekrar başbakan seçilmesini önlemek amacıyla başbakanların en fazla iki dönem görev yapabilecekleri yolunda bir anayasa değişikliği yaptı.

2007 yılında Pervez Müşerref, Benazir Butto'yla Pakistan'a geri dönmesine zemin hazırlamak üzere müzakerelere başladı. Böylece Butto'nun Ocak 2008'de yapılacak olan başbakanlık seçimlerine muhalefet lideri olarak katılma olasılığı doğdu. Butto hakkında açılan davaların o zamana kadar sonuçlanması bekleniyordu.

Sürgünden dönüşü ve ilk suikast girişimi
Seçim çalışmalarına katılmak üzere Pakistan'a dönüş kararı alan Butto'ya karşı, El-Kaide örgütünün saldırı tehdidinde bulunması üzerine, Müşerref, Butto'nun dönüşünü ertelemesini ve yüksek mahkemenin kendisiyle ilgili af istemine ilişkin kararını beklemesini istedi. Bu isteğe uymayan Benazir Butto, 18 Ekim 2007 gecesi, 8 yıllık sürgünden sonra Pakistan'a geri döndü. Ancak yandaşlarının sevgi gösterileriyle karşılanan Butto aynı gün bombalı bir suikast girişimine hedef oldu. Karaçi kenti yakınlarında gerçekleşen ve Benazir Butto'nun yara almadan kurtulduğu bu saldırıda 138 kişi yaşamını yitirdi, 248 kişi de yaralandı.

Butto, 27 Aralık 2007 tarihinde Ravalpindi'de düzenlediği seçim mitinginin ardından gerçekleştirilen saldırıda öldü. Bir intihar saldırganı, mitingin ardından aracının açılır tavanından çıkıp halkı selamlamakta olan Butto'nun aracına yaklaşarak, üç el ateş etti. Yaptığı üç atışı da isabet ettiremeyen saldırgan, ardından üzerindeki bombaları patlattı. Patlamanın şiddetiyle başının sağ tarafını aracının tavan penceresinin koluna çarpan Benazir Butto hastaneye ağır yaralı olarak kaldırıldı. Kafatasında kırık oluşan Butto ameliyata alındı; fakat kurtarılamadı. Butto'nun yerel saatle 18.16'da öldüğü açıklandı.

Saldırıdan sonra suikastın sorumluluğunu El-Kaide üstlendi. Ancak birkaç gün aradan sonra Pakistan İçişleri Bakanlığı'nın iddiasının tersine, suçlanan El-Kaide liderlerinden Beytullah Mahsud suikastle ilgisi olmadığını öne sürdü. Saldırıda en az 20 kişi öldü, çok sayıda kişi de yaralandı.

Butto'nun ölümünden sonra, devlet başkanı Pervez Müşerref, ülkede üç günlük yas ilan etti. 8 Ocak 2008'de yapılması planlanan Pakistan genel seçimleri öncesinde gerçekleşen suikastin ardından ülkedeki demokrasinin geleceği konusunda endişeler doğdu. Ülkede alınan bir karar neticesinde seçimler 18 Şubat 2009 tarihine ertelendi.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Benazir Butto resmi sitesi
 Pakistan Halk Partisi resmi sitesi
 Benazir Bhutto  - BBC Obituary
 Bhutto'nun ölümcül mirası - International Herald Tribune
 TIME: Suikastin kötü sonucu

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1953 doğumlular
2007 yılında ölenler
Butto ailesi
Zerdari ailesi
Pakistan başbakanları
İslami demokrasi aktivistleri
Kadın siyasetçiler
Asıf Ali Zerdari
Suikast sonucu ölen Pakistanlılar
Ravalpindi'de ölenler
Devlet başkanlarının çocukları

Benazir Butto


Nemesis ist der erste Sampler des Musiklabels ersguterjunge. Er wurde am 17. Februar 2006 veröffentlicht und enthält Beiträge des Labelchefs Bushido sowie der damals beim Label unter Vertrag stehenden Künstler Saad, Chakuza, Eko Fresh, D-Bo, Bizzy Montana, Nyze, DJ Stickle und Billy.

Produktion
Der Sampler wurde zum Großteil von dem Produzenten-Duo Beatlefield, bestehend aus Chakuza und DJ Stickle, produziert. Außerdem stammen einzelne Instrumentals von Bizzy Montana, Kingsize und Bushido selbst.

Covergestaltung

Das Albumcover zeigt die damaligen neun Mitglieder von ersguterjunge vor einer Mauer stehend bzw. kniend. In der hinteren Reihe befinden sich von links nach rechts Bizzy Montana, D-Bo, Eko Fresh, Saad und Nyze. In der vorderen Reihe knien von links nach rechts Chakuza, Bushido, DJ Stickle und Billy. Am oberen Bildrand steht der Schriftzug Bushido präsentiert und im unteren Teil des Bildes Nemesis – Ersguterjunge Sampler Vol. 1 in weiß.

Titelliste

Charterfolg und Verkaufszahlen

Nemesis stieg in der 9. Kalenderwoche des Jahres 2006 auf Platz 4 in die deutschen Albumcharts ein und konnte sich elf Wochen in den Top 100 halten.

Die Verkaufszahlen der Kompilation belaufen sich auf etwa 75.000 Einheiten.

Video
Zum Titelsong Nemesis wurde ein Musikvideo gedreht, das noch vor dem Sampler veröffentlicht wurde. Eine zugehörige Single erschien allerdings nicht.

Indizierung
Das Album wurde am 30. März 2007 unter anderem wegen des Lieds No Homo von der Bundesprüfstelle für jugendgefährdende Medien indiziert und auf Liste A gesetzt. Es darf seither nicht mehr öffentlich beworben und an Jugendliche unter 18 Jahren verkauft werden.

Einzelnachweise

Album (Hip-Hop)
Album 2006
Sampler (Musik)
Indizierter Tonträger
Bushido-Album
Eko-Fresh-Album
Chakuza
Baba Saad
D-Bo
Bizzy Montana

Nemesis (Album)


Gökçetabaklar, Zonguldak ilinin Çaycuma ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında Turfa Debbağlar olarak geçmektedir. Daha önceleri Bartın Merkez ilçesine bağlıyken, 5 Eylül 1944'te Çaycuma ilçesine bağlandı.

Coğrafya
Köy, Zonguldak il merkezine 59 km, Çaycuma ilçe merkezine 14 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Çaycuma belde ve köyleri

Gökçetabaklar, Çaycuma


An Promenaea stapelioides in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Heinrich Friedrich Link ngan Christoph Friedrich Otto, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni John Lindley. An Promenaea stapelioides in nahilalakip ha genus nga Promenaea, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Promenaea

Promenaea stapelioides


An Rhynchospora neesii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel. An Rhynchospora neesii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rhynchospora, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Rhynchospora

Rhynchospora neesii


Francisco Luis Buttó Palma (Maturín, 11 de mayo de 1980) es un beisbolista profesional venezolano que juega en la posición de lanzador. En la Liga Venezolana de Béisbol Profesional es ficha del equipo Navegantes del Magallanes. Se llevó el premio de Pitcher Cerrador del Año en la campaña 2005-2006 y fue el jugador más valioso de la Serie del Caribe 2009 disputada en Mexicali (México). Jugó en 2011 en la Liga Norte de México con el equipo de Marineros de Ensenada y para 2012 fue contratado por Rieleros de Aguascalientes, de la Liga Mexicana de Béisbol.

Historia
El lanzador de Maturín ha pertenecido a la franquicia Tigres de Aragua desde sus inicios como novato, y debutó en dicho equipo el 17 de octubre de 2000. Ese año lanzó sólo en dos ocasiones y no completó ni un tercio de labor en la temporada, marchándose con efectividad de 27.00. En sus siguientes años tuvo más ocasiones en el montículo, siendo la 2003-2004 una de sus mejores campañas, en la cual se consolidó como el cerrador estelar del equipo aragüeño, lanzando 37.1 entradas en la ronda regular con efectividad de 0.96 y acumulando 14 juegos salvados incluyendo la ronda final, tomando en cuenta que su equipo quedó campeón ese año.

Luego de 11 años con el equipo bengalí, Buttó es el lanzador con el récord histórico de más juegos salvados de la franquicia, con 81 y es el segundo en el registro histórico de la LVBP, solo detrás del "Matador" o "el guapo" Richard Garcés, quien de sus 137 salvados de por vida logró acumular 80 de ellos también con los Tigres, antes de pasar al equipo Navegantes del Magallanes tras ser dejado en libertad por los felinos en el año 2004.

Buttó es uno de los lanzadores insignia y más polémicos del equipo, llamado por los aficionados como "Francisco Sustó" o "el Cardiológo" por los altos niveles de presión que existe en el equipo cuando él sale a hacer su labor en el último inning. A pesar de ser un terror para los aficionados ver al cerrador de Maturín calentar, el mánager Buddy Bailey le ha dado toda su confianza y es junto con su compañero Víctor Moreno uno de los lanzadores más importantes en el Bullpen Bengalí para el mánager norteamericano.

Perteneció a los Tigres de Aragua hasta el año 2014 cuando es dejado en libertad y firmado por los Caribes de Anzoátegui. En el año 2015 pasa a las Águilas del Zulia junto con el jardinero Jhoermyn Chávez tras un cambio por el también jardinero René Reyes. En 2018, los rapaces lo dejan libre y desde entonces firmó con los Tiburones de La Guaira.

Caso de homicidio

El febrero de 2007, Francisco Butto fue declarado culpable de homicidio culposo del recogebate de los Tigres de Aragua, Jesús Enrique Hernández, hecho ocurrido el 30 de enero de 2006, en una feria de comida en Maracay. Por este delito, Butto fue condenado a un año y 8 meses de prisión.

Enlaces externos

  https://web.archive.org/web/20130612011126/http://aragua.tsj.gov.ve/decisiones/2006/junio/198-13-1Aa-5896-05-2041.html

Referencias

Maturinenses
Monaguenses
Beisbolistas de Venezuela
Beisbolistas de Águilas del Zulia
Beisbolistas de Caribes de Anzoátegui
Beisbolistas de Tigres de Aragua
Beisbolistas de Algodoneros de Unión Laguna
Beisbolistas de Guerreros de Oaxaca
Beisbolistas de Diablos Rojos del México
Beisbolistas de Rieleros de Aguascalientes
Beisbolistas de Navegantes del Magallanes

Francisco Buttó


Jérémy Darodes, né le , est un joueur de pétanque français.

Biographie

Il est gaucher et se positionne en milieu. Dans sa famille, deux membres brillent à la pétanque : son père James et sa sœur Charlotte.

Clubs
 ?-? : Marennes (Charente-Maritime)
 ?-? : Dolus (Charente-Maritime)
 ?-2009 : Amicale Boule Angérienne Saint-Jean-d'Angély (Charente-Maritime)
 2010-? : AB Damvilloise (Eure)
 ?-? : Ax-les-Thermes (Ariège)
 ?-? : Royan (Charente-Maritime)
 ?-2019 : Oléron Pétanque Élite (Charente-Maritime)
 2020- : Pétanque Canuts Lyon (Rhône)

Palmarès

Jeunes

Championnats d'Europe
 Champion d'Europe
 Triplette -18 ans 2004 (avec Tony Perret, Angy Savin et Florent Coutanson) :  Équipe de France
 Tir de précision -18 ans 2004 :  Équipe de France
 Triplette -23 ans 2008 (avec Mathieu Charpentier, Mickaël Jacquet et Jean Feltain) :  Équipe de France
 Triplette -23 ans 2009 (avec Dylan Rocher, Mickaël Jacquet et Jean Feltain) :  Équipe de France

Séniors

Championnats de France
 Champion de France
 Doublette 2010 (avec Christophe Sévilla) : AB Damvilloise
 Triplette 2011 (avec James Darodes et Christophe Sévilla) : AB Damvilloise
 Finaliste
 Tête à tête 2009 : Amicale Boule Angérienne Saint-Jean-d'Angély

Coupe de France des clubs
 Finaliste
 2019 : Oléron Pétanque Elite

Millau

Mondial à pétanque de Millau (2003-2015)
 Vainqueur
 Triplette 2013 (avec Kévin Malbec et Angy Savin)

Références

Liens externes

Joueur français de pétanque
Champion de France de pétanque
Naissance en juin 1987
Lieu de naissance inconnu
Article à illustrer Pétanque

Jérémy Darodes


Canis Minor ya da Küçük Köpek Takımyıldızı, modern 88 takımyıldızdan biridir. Küçük bir takımyıldızı olup adı, Büyük Köpek Takımyıldızıyla (Canis Major) karşılaştırma olarak Latince "küçük köpek" anlamına gelir. Koordinatları 08h 00m, +05° 00′ civarındadır.

Takımın en parlak yıldızı (alfa yıldızı) olan Procyon, geceleyin görülen gökyüzünün yedinci parlak yıldızıdır. Yıldızın adı, Yunanca'da "köpekten önce" anlamına gelir: pro (önce) ve kuon(köpek) kelimelerinden türemiştir.
Ayrıca kış altıgeninin ve kış üçgeninin bir parçasıdır

Canis Minor


A sinking fund is a fund established by an economic entity by setting aside revenue over a period of time to fund a future capital expense, or repayment of a long-term debt.

In North America and elsewhere where it is common for government entities and private corporations to raise funds through the issue of bonds, the term is normally used in this context. However, in the United Kingdom and elsewhere where the issue of bonds (other than government bonds) is unusual, and where long-term leasehold tenancies are common, the term is only normally used in the context of replacement or renewal of capital assets, particularly the common parts of buildings.

Borrowing money by issuing a bond is referred to as floating a bond. Sinking is its opposite, repaying debt or acquiring capital assets without debt.

Historical context
The sinking fund was first used in Great Britain in the 18th century to reduce national debt. While used by Robert Walpole in 1716 and effectively in the 1720s and early 1730s, it originated in the commercial tax syndicates of the Italian peninsula of the 14th century, where its function was to retire redeemable public debt of those cities.

The fund received whatever surplus occurred in the national Budget each year. However, the problem was that the fund was rarely given any priority in Government strategy. The result of this was that the funds were often raided by the Treasury when they needed funds quickly.

In 1772, the nonconformist minister Richard Price published a pamphlet on methods of reducing the national debt. The pamphlet caught the interest of William Pitt the Younger, who drafted a proposal to reform the Sinking Fund in 1786. Lord North recommended "the Creation of a Fund, to be appropriated, and invariably applied, under proper Direction, in the gradual Diminution of the Debt". Pitt's way of securing "proper Direction" was to introduce legislation that prevented ministers from raiding the fund in crises. He also increased taxes to ensure that a £1 million surplus could be used to reduce the national debt. The legislation also placed administration of the fund in the hands of "Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt".

The scheme worked well between 1786 and 1793 with the Commissioners receiving £8 million and reinvesting it to reduce the debt by more than £10 million. However, the outbreak of war with France in 1793 "destroyed the rationale of the Sinking Fund" (Eric Evans). The fund was abandoned by Lord Liverpool's government only in the 1820s.

Sinking funds were also seen commonly in investment in the 19th century in the United States, especially with highly invested markets like railroads. An example would be the Central Pacific Railroad Company, which challenged the constitutionality of mandatory sinking funds for companies in the case In re Sinking Funds Cases in 1878.

Modern context – bond repayment
In modern finance, a sinking fund is, generally, a method by which an organization sets aside money over time to retire its indebtedness. More specifically, it is a fund into which money can be deposited, so that over time preferred stock, debentures or stocks can be retired. See also "sinking fund provision" under Bond (finance)#Features.

In some US states, Michigan for example, school districts may ask the voters to approve a taxation for the purpose of establishing a sinking fund. The State Treasury Department has strict guidelines for expenditure of fund dollars with the penalty for misuse being an eternal ban on ever seeking the tax levy again.

Types
A sinking fund may operate in one or more of the following ways:
 The firm may repurchase a fraction of the outstanding bonds in the open market each year.
 The firm may repurchase a fraction of outstanding bonds at a special call price associated with the sinking fund provision (they are callable bonds).
 The firm has the option to repurchase the bonds at either the market price or the sinking fund price, whichever is lower. To allocate the burden of the sinking fund call fairly among bondholders, the bonds chosen for the call are selected at random based on serial number. The firm can only repurchase a limited fraction of the bond issue at the sinking fund price. At best some indentures allow firms to use a doubling option, which allows repurchase of double the required number of bonds at the sinking fund price.
 A less common provision is to call for periodic payments to a trustee, with the payments invested so that the accumulated sum can be used for retirement of the entire issue at maturity: instead of the debt amortizing over the life, the debt remains outstanding and a matching asset accrues. In this way a fund is built up with the intention of paying off the debt in full at a specified future date instead of directly paying the debt down over time. This method was popular in the 1980s-90's in the UK household mortgage market.

Benefits and drawbacks
For the organization retiring debt, it has the benefit that the principal of the debt or at least part of it, will be available when due, so that the organization does not need to pay a large amount of money when due, and thus a heavy disruption to the financial position of the organization can be avoided. For the creditors, the fund reduces the risk the organization will default due to financial hardship caused by the large payment, when the principal is due: it reduces credit risk.

However, if the bonds are callable, this comes at a cost to creditors, because the organization has an option on the bonds:
 The firm will choose to buy back discount bonds (selling below par) at their market price,
 while exercising its option to buy back premium bonds (selling above par) at par.

Therefore, if interest rates fall and bond prices rise, a firm will benefit from the sinking fund provision that enables it to repurchase its bonds at below-market prices. In this case, the firm's gain is the bondholder's loss – thus callable bonds will typically be issued at a higher coupon rate, reflecting the value of the option.

Modern context – capital expenditure
Sinking funds can also be used to set aside money for purposes of replacing capital equipment as it becomes obsolete, or major maintenance or renewal of elements of a fixed asset, typically a building. Such a fund is also commonly called a reserve fund, however the distinguishing feature of a sinking fund is that the payments into it are calculated to amortize a forecast future expenditure whereas a reserve fund is intended to equalise expenditure in respect of regularly recurring service items to avoid fluctuations in the amount of service charge payable each year.

External links
 Online annual sinking fund calculator

References

 Bodie, Kane and Marcus. 2007. Essentials of Investments. Sixth International Edition. Singapore: McGraw Hill.

Bonds (finance)
Public finance
Corporate finance

Sinking fund


Copacul Vieții (în arabă: شجرة الحياة  Shajarat-al-Hayat), din Bahrain, are o vârstă de aproximativ 400 de ani și o înălțime de 9.75 m. Copacul are denumirea latinească Prosopis cineraria și se află la 2 km de Jebel Dukhan. Copacul se află pe un tell (o colină artificială de nisip), înalt de 7.6 m, formată în jurul unei fortărețe vechi de 500 de ani.

Copacii și arbuștii de genul Prosopis sunt extrem de bine adaptați la mediul arid, având cele mai adânci sisteme de rădăcini.

Atracție turistică
Copacul reprezintă o atracție turistică locală, datorită faptului ca este singurul arbore care crește în acea zonă. Arborele este vizitat anual de 50.000 de turiști. Din această cauză, acesta a fost vandalizat. Se crede că locul din jurul copacului este folosit de diferite culte pentru practicarea ritualurilor antice. Începând cu octombrie 2010, arheologii au dezgropat diferite obiecte ceramice și alte artefacte în vecinătatea copacului, unele aparținând civilizației Dilmun.[necesită citare]

Referințe

Cioturi Bahrain

Copacul Vieții, Bahrain


الإمام محمد بن يحيى بن الحسين (المرتضى لدين الله) من مواليد 284هـ ، إمام اليمن ، منذ (298هـ – 301هـ / 911 – 913م) خلف والده «الهادي إلى الحق» يحيى بن الحسين ، توفي بصعدة سنة 316هـ

أولاده
 القاسم محمد يحيى الحسين .(أبو محمد)
 إسماعيل محمد يحيى الحسين .
 إبراهيم محمد يحيى الحسين .
 علي محمد يحيى الحسين .
 عبد الله محمد يحيى الحسين .
 موسى محمد يحيى الحسين .
 يحيى محمد يحيى الحسين .(أبو الحسين)
 الحسن محمد يحيى الحسين .
 الحسين محمد يحيى الحسين .
 أسماء وثلاث بنات غيرها.

طالع أيضاً
 الإمامة الزيدية.

مصادر

أئمة اليمن
أئمة زيديون
اليمن في القرن 10
بنو الحسن
حكام اليمن
عرب في القرن 10
وفيات في صعدة

محمد يحيى الحسين


Abdullah Kiğılı, (d. 20 Nisan 1943, Malatya), Türk iş insanı ve spor yöneticisi.

Kiğılı giyim mağazaları zincirinin kurucusu ve sahibi. Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu eski başkanı ve Fenerbahçe Başkan Vekili. Aynı zamanda İstanbulspor, Güreş Federasyonu, Kayak Federasyonu ve Futbol Federasyonu'nda yöneticilik yapmıştır.

Biyografisi
Abdullah Kiğılı'nın dedesinin Bingöl'ün Kiğı (1930'larda Erzincan iline bağlıyken daha sonra Elazığ'a en son Bingöl'ün il olmasıyla Bingöl'e bağlanmıştır) ilçesinde doğmasından dolayı aile bu soyadını almıştır. Dedesi 1928'lerde buradan taşınıp Malatya'ya yerleşmiştir. Kiğılı 1943 yılında Malatya'da doğmuştur. 9 yaşında iken ailesi İstanbula göç etmiştir. Babası tekstil işiyle uğraşmaktaydı.

Orta ve lise öğrenimini İstanbul Erkek Lisesi'nde bitirmiş, 1959'da Sultanhamam'da bir kumaş mağazasında iş hayatına başlamıştır.

1965 yılında Kiğılı markası ile gömlek ve pantolon üretimine başlamıştır. 1969 yılında İstiklal Caddesi' nde şimdiki Kiğılı mağazasını açmış, 1973 yılında Beymen Beyoğlu mağazasına ortak olmuştur. 1980 yılında Kiğılı Konfeksiyon Fabrikası'nı kurmuştur. Bu tarihten itibaren fabrikasında Almanya ve Hollanda' ya erkek takım elbise fason üretimi yapmıştır. Ayrıca ürünlerini Türkiye genelinde 300 bayi aracılığıyla satar hale gelmiştir.

Kaynakça

1943 doğumlular
Türk spor yöneticileri
Fenerbahçe SK yöneticileri
Malatya doğumlu iş insanları
20. yüzyıl Türk iş insanları
21. yüzyıl Türk iş insanları
Yaşayan insanlar

Abdullah Kiğılı


O Campeonato Mundial de Halterofilismo de 2022 foi a 87ª edição do campeonato de halterofilismo, organizado pela Federação Internacional de Halterofilismo (FIH). O campeonato ocorreu no Gran Carpa Américas Corferias, em Bogotá, na Colômbia, entre 5 a 16 de dezembro de 2022. Foram disputadas 20 categorias (10 masculino e 10 feminino), com a presença de 537 halterofilistas de 93 nacionalidades filiadas à Federação Internacional de Halterofilismo (FIH). Teve como destaque a China com 34 medalhas no total, sendo 19 de ouro.

Inicialmente o campeonato estava programado para ocorrer em Xunquim, na China, mas isso mudou em março de 2022 como resultado das medidas do COVID-19 na China.. O novo local foi anunciado em abril de 2022. O evento serviu como de qualificação para os Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2024 em Paris, França. As equipes da Rússia e da Bielorrússia não competiram após uma proibição como resultado da Invasão da Ucrânia pela Rússia.  A Coreia do Norte também não competiu depois que a Federação Internacional de Halterofilismo (IWF) reforçou suas regras sobre controles antidoping

Calendário

Medalhistas
Os resultados foram os seguintes.

Masculino

  — RECORDE
MUNDIAL

Feminino

  — RECORDE
MUNDIAL

Quadro de medalhas

Quadro de medalhas no total combinado

Quadro de medalhas nos levantamentos + total combinado

Classificação por equipe

Masculino

Feminino

Participantes
Um total de 537 halterofilistas de 93 nacionalidades participaram do evento.

 (1)
 (4)
 (2)
 (12)
 (6)
 (2)
 (2)
 (2)
 (2)
 (1)
 (2)
 (7)
 (9)
 (3)
 (17)
 (20)
 (13)
 (20)
 (2)
 (4)
 (4)
 (5)
 (6)
 (7)
 (16)
 (6)
 (1)
 (1)
 (1)
 (5)

 (4)
 (10)
 (6)
 (1)
 (10)
 (3)
 (1)
 (2)
 (4)
 (2)
 (5)
 (12)
 (11)
 (3)
 (6)
 (7)
 (18)
 (13)
 (3)
 (2)
 (5)
 (2)
 (2)
 (6)
 (1)
 (3)
 (1)
 (20)
 (2)
 (5)

 (1)
 (3)
 (3)
 (1)
 (4)
 (2)
 (2)
 (3)
 (5)
 (9)
 (3)
 (7)
 (1)
 (6)
 (1)
 (5)
 (18)
 (12)
 (4)
 (1)
 (1)
 (13)
 (2)
 (1)
 (8)
 (5)
 (20)
 (10)
 (13)
 (7)

Ligações externas
Site da Federação Internacional de Halterofilismo

!
Mundial
Halterofilismo
Halterofilismo


"I Feel Alive" er en sang fremført af den Israelske sanger Irmi Ziv som rpræsenterede Eurovision Song Contest 2017. Sangen opånede en 23. plads

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger

Singler fra 2017
Sange fra Eurovision Song Contest 2017

I Feel Alive


Larra steht  für:

 Larra, eine Wespengattung
 Larra (Haute-Garonne), eine französische Gemeinde in der Region Okzitanien

Larra ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Mariano José de Larra (1809–1837), spanischer Schriftsteller und Journalist
 Olga Sáez Larra (* 1994), spanische Tennisspielerin

Larra (Begriffsklärung)


Anna Witt (né en 1981 à Wasserburg am Inn) est une artiste contemporaine allemande.

Biographie
Anna Witt grandit à Dorfen.

En 2002, elle commence des études à l'académie des beaux-arts de Munich, d'abord auprès d'Asta Gröting et plus tard de Magdalena Jetelová. À partir de 2005, elle étudie la sculpture performative à l'académie des beaux-arts de Vienne auprès de Monica Bonvicini. Elle reçoit un financement de la Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes et participe à l'académie d'été au Centre Paul-Klee de Berne en 2011 auprès de Pipilotti Rist. Elle est présente dans des expositions et biennales nationales et internationales, notamment la Manifesta 7, la  Biennale de Berlin, la  Biennale des arts graphiques de Ljubljana, la première Biennale de Vienne et la Triennale d'Aichi 2019.

Witt travaille avec des performances vidéo et des interventions performatives dans l'espace public, apparaissant d'abord comme une performeuse elle-même. Très tôt, elle se préoccupe de la participation, qui devient de plus en plus importante pour son travail, comme ce fut le cas pour la première fois dans la performance Geld zu finden (2003) à la galerie de l'académie de Munich. Dans les œuvres ultérieures, ce sont surtout les passants, certaines personnes ou groupes qui s'imposent dans leurs performances et installations vidéo. Elle pose des questions sur la formation du sujet : comment nous devenons, qui nous sommes, ce que nous faisons, ce en quoi nous croyons, ce pour quoi nous nous battons et comment ce moi social est lié aux conditions-cadres sociales, politiques et économiques.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Artiste contemporain allemand
Naissance en 1981
Naissance à Wasserburg am Inn

Anna Witt


Yuka Miyazaki (født 13. oktober 1983) er en japansk fodboldspiller. Hun har tidligere spillet for Japans kvindefodboldlandshold.

Japans fodboldlandshold

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kvindelige fodboldspillere fra Japan

Yuka Miyazaki


دسار بكر أو ديار بكر بن وائل  هي مدينة عتيقة تقع حيث موقع ديار بكر اليوم، في أقصى ما بين النهرين، عرفت المدينة تاريخيا باسمها هذا حتى سيطرة العثمانيين عليها في القرن السادس عشر. و اسم (امد أو ئامه‌د بالكردية) ما زال متداولاً بين سكانها الكرد الذين يشكلون غالبية سكان المدينة.

التاريخ
تأسست المدينة كمستوطنة آرامية على ضفاف نهر دجلة وازدهرت في العصر الروماني فأصبحت مركزا لولاية بين النهرين الرومانية بمحاذاة ولاية أرمينيا الرومانية. دخلت المسيحية إليها مبكرا فصارت مركزا مهما للكنيسة السريانية الأرثوذكسية. عانت المدينة خلال الحروب الرومانية الفارسية كونها تقع في منطقة حدودية وقد تمكن الساسانيون من السيطرة عليها عدة مرات أولها على يد شابور الثاني سنة 359, وآخرها سنة 602. تمكن المسلمون من السيطرة على المدينة سنة 639، وأضحت مركزا لإقليم ديار بكر من الجزيرة الفراتية. وتوالى عليها السلاجقة والأيوبيون والأرتقيون والصفويون حتى وقوعها بيد السلطان العثماني سليم الأول سنة 1515. وقد أصبحت المدينة منذ ذلك الحين تعرف في الكتابات الرسمية باسم ديار بكر وبقي الاسم القديم متداولاً بين سكانها الكرد لغاية اليوم.

طالع أيضا
 أبو القاسم الآمدي

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في الإمبراطورية البيزنطية
بلدات ومدن رومانية في اليونان
بلدات ومدن رومانية في تركيا
تاريخ ديار بكر
مدن قديمة

آمد


Sophie af Slesvig-Holsten-Gottorp (1. juni 1569 – 14. november 1634) var datter af Hertug Adolf af Slesvig-Holsten-Gottorp og Christine af Hessen. Hun blev gift med Hertug Johan 7. af Mecklenburg og var regent i Hertugdømmet Mecklenburg-Schwerin fra 1603 til 1608.

Biografi
Sophie blev født den 1. juni 1569 på Gottorp Slot i Hertugdømmet Slesvig som andet barn og ældste datter af Hertug Adolf af Slesvig-Holsten-Gottorp og Christine af Hessen. Hun blev gift den 17. februar 1588 i Reinbek med Hertug Johan 7. af Meklenburg-Schwerin. Efter dennes selvmord i 1592 var hun i en periode regent i Hertugdømmet Mecklenburg-Schwerin, indtil hendes ældste søn Adolf Frederik blev myndig i 1608. Hun var en dygtig regent, der synes at have stået i venskabeligt forhold til Christian 4.. Hun døde den 14. november 1634 i Schwerin i Mecklenburg.

Børn
Anna fik fem børn under ægteskabet med Johan, blandt dem:
 Adolf Frederik 1. af Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1588–1658)
 Johan Albert 2. af Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1590–1636)
 Anne Sophie (1591–1648)

Referencer

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger

Huset Holsten-Gottorp
Huset Oldenburg

Sophie af Slesvig-Holsten-Gottorp


Josef von Sternberg (d. 29 Mayıs 1894 - ö. 22 Aralık 1969) Avusturya asıllı Amerikalı film yönetmenidir.

Son Emir ve Deniz Şeytanları (1928) gibi filmleri ile ismini duyurduktan sonra Heinrich Mann'ın Profesör Unrat adlı romanından sinemaya uyarlanan ve sesli sinemanın ilk önemli örneklerinden biri olan Mavi Meleki yönetti.

Bazı filmleri
 The Salvation Hunters (1925)
 A Woman of the Sea (1926)
 Underworld (1927)
 The Last Command (1928)
 The Docks of New York (1928)
 The Case of Lena Smith (1929)
 Thunderbolt (1929)
 The Blue Angel (1930)
 Morocco (1930)
 Dishonored (1931)
 An American Tragedy (film) (1931)
 Shanghai Express (1932)
 Blonde Venus (1932)
 The Scarlet Empress (1932)
 The Devil is a Woman (1935)
 Sergeant Madden (1939)
 The Shanghai Gesture (1941)
 Macao (1952)
 Jet Pilot (1957)

Dış bağlantılar
 The Last Command

1894 doğumlular
1969 yılında ölenler
Amerikalı film yönetmenleri
Avusturya asıllı Amerikalılar
Yahudi asıllı Amerikalılar
Sessiz film yönetmenleri

Josef von Sternberg


Sobre la polisemia

En lingüística, una acepción es uno de los significados de una palabra.

Por ejemplo, un diccionario puede tener alrededor de 50 diferentes significados de la palabra de inglés play, cada uno de ellos diferente según el contexto en el que la palabra es usada en la frase. Por ejemplo :

Cada una de estas frases asocia un diferente significado a la palabra "play", y esa asignación se realiza naturalmente teniendo en cuenta el resto de la frase.

Ejemplo en español:
La palabra batería, puede referirse a un dispositivo que almacena energía como al instrumento musical de percusión.

Las computadoras o las personas pueden ir leyendo las palabras de una frase una por una, y mediante un procedimiento llamado desambiguación lingüística (desambiguación con asignación del significado), lograr encontrar el correcto significado de cada palabra.

Notas y referencias

Véase también
 Lingüística
 Significado
 Semántica
 Desambiguación lingüística
 Semema
 Sobre el sentido y la referencia
 Frase

Enlaces externos

Semántica

Acepción


Nicolás Alejandro () (? - 16 de noviembre de 1364) fue gobernante del principado de Valaquia entre 1352 y noviembre de 1364, después de haber sido gobernante asociado con su padre Basarab I.

En 1359, fundó la sede metropolitana ortodoxa de Valaquia.

Después de oponerse inicialmente a las presiones de convertirse en vasallo del reino de Hungría, se rindió ante el rey Luis I en 1354, y reconoció el derecho de la Iglesia católica de establecer misiones en su principado, así como el privilegio de los comerciantes sajones de Braşov de transitar por Valaquia sin pagar impuestos. En 1355 Nicolás Alejandro y el rey de Hungría llegaron a un acuerdo a cambio de Severin.

Su hija, Ana de Valaquia, se casó con el zar Iván Sracimir de Bulgaria  y se convirtió en la madre del zar Constantino II de Bulgaria y de la reina Dorotea de Bosnia.

Fuentes
  Constantin C. Giurescu, Istoria Românilor, vol. I, Ed. ALL Educațional, București, 2003.
  Daniel Barbu, Sur le double nom du prince de Valachie Nicolas-Alexandre, Revue Roumaine d'Histoire XXV, no. 4, 1986.

Gobernantes de Valaquia del siglo XIV
Casa de Basarab

Nicolás Alejandro de Valaquia


ثائر أحمد، مُدرب عراقي بكُرة قدم. تم اختياره أكثر مِن مرّة أفضل مُدرب بالعراق. درب «الطلبة»، «أربيل» ونادي «بغداد»، وحصل مع «الطلبة» على لقب الدوري لموسم 2002/2001، وبطولة كأس العراق في الموسم ذاته، وكأس المثابرة لموسم 2002-2003، وكأس العراق أيضاً. أشرف على مُنتخب رديف العراق وخاض مُباراة ضد مُنتخب سوريا الأول في سوريا وحقق الفوز بهدفين لهدف. وشارك مع المُنتخب ببُطولة التضامن الإسلامي بالسعودية. قاد «بغداد» لتحقيق نتائج جيّدة ومراكز مهمة في الدوري العراقي. ترك تدريب الفريق حسب وصفه بمؤامرة في الموسم 2014-2015 ليحل مُساعده أحمد خلف بديلاً عنه. مُدرب مستمر بقيادة الفرق وقد درب نادي نفط الوسط موسم 2016-2015 مرحلة الثانية فقط وفي نهاية الموسم تمت إقالته والان يدرب نادي الزوراء.

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
مدربو كرة قدم عراقيون
مدربو نادي الشرطة
مواليد 1378 هـ
مدربو القوة الجوية

ثائر أحمد


Filiberto Ojeda Ríos (26 Nisan 1933 - 23 Eylül 2005), yaşamını Porto Riko adasının bağımsızlığına adamış, bu yolda genellikle demokratik olmayan yöntemlerle savaşmış Porto Rikolu müzik sanatçısı.

Boricua Halk Ordusu (Ejército Popular Boricua) adını taşıyan ve Porto Riko'yu zor kullanarak ABD egemenliğinden çıkarmayı amaçlayan yeraltı örgütünün kurucusu ile önderi olan Rios, 23 Eylül 2005'te Porto Riko'nun batısındaki bir çiftlik evinde FBI görevlilerince öldürüldü.

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ne bağlı olup, aynı pasaportu kullanan ancak dil ve etnik olarak farklı (İspanyol) yapıda bir toplum olan Porto Riko'da, Rios, halk desteği çok küçük, yalıtılmış bir örgütün önderi olarak kaldı. Bağımsızlık savaşımında kullandığı zor içeren yöntemlerle, kendi yurttaşlarından destekten çok sevgi gördü.

Asıl işi bir salsa topluluğunda gitar ile trompet çalgıcılığı olan Rios'un, Purto Rikoluların İspanyol hakimiyetine karşı gerçekleştirdiği 1868 ayaklanmasının yıldönümü olan 23 Eylül'de FBI'ca öldürülmesi, yalnızca çok sınırlı yandaşlarınca değil, ABD taraftarı Puerto Rikolularca ve Porto Riko valisince de eleştirildi.

1933 doğumlular
2005 yılında ölenler
Amerikalı erkek gitaristler
Porto Riko doğumlular
Porto Rikolu bağımsızlık aktivistleri

Filiberto Ojeda Rios


O Oblast Autônomo Sérvio da Herzegovina (em , ) foi um autoproclamado Oblast Autônomo Sérvio dentro da atual Bósnia e Herzegovina. Foi proclamado pela Assembléia da Associação de Municípios Krajina da Bósnia em 1991 e foi posteriormente incluído na Republika Srpska. SAO Herzegovina estava localizada na região geográfica da Herzegovina. Também era conhecida como SAO Herzegovina Oriental.

Secessão na Bósnia e Herzegovina
Estados e territórios fundados em 1991
Estados e territórios extintos em 1992
!Artigos com coordenadas no Wikidata

SAO Herzegovina