Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search (LONEOS) was a project designed to discover asteroids and comets that orbit near the Earth. The project, funded by NASA, was directed by astronomer Ted Bowell of Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona. The LONEOS project began in 1993 and ran until the end of February 2008.

Hardware

LONEOS, in its final configuration, used a 0.6-meter f/1.8 Schmidt telescope, acquired from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1990, and a Lowell-built 16 megapixel CCD detector. This combination of instruments provided a field of view of 2.88 by 2.88 degrees (8.3 square degrees). It had a maximum nightly scan area of about 1,000 square degrees (covered four times). The instrument could cover the entire accessible dark sky in about a month. The CCD has detected asteroids as faint as visual magnitude 19.8 but its typical limiting visual magnitude was 19.3. The instrument is located at Lowell Observatory's dark sky site, Anderson Mesa Station, near Flagstaff, Arizona, US.

Four computers were used. Two were used for frame reductions, one for telescope pointing control and one for camera control. The camera control software had scripting capability and could control all the other computers.

Technique

Asteroids were found by obtaining four pictures (frames) of the same region of sky, each frame temporally separated by 15 to 30 minutes. The set of four frames were then submitted to reduction software which located all star-like sources on the frame and identified sources that moved with asteroid-like motion. The observer visually examined all asteroid detections that had motion different from a typical main-belt asteroid. Human examination was required because most putative NEO detections were not real but some kind of imaging artifact.

All asteroid positions were converted to equatorial coordinates. Various USNO star catalogs were used for this conversion until 2007. Then the Sloan Digital Sky Survey catalog was used, along with supplemental information from the Carlsberg Catalog and the 2MASS catalog. Asteroid brightness was converted to standard visual magnitude. These data, along with the time of the observations, were sent to the Minor Planet Center (MPC) from which they were distributed to the scientific community. Potential near-Earth objects were handled expeditiously so that other observers could locate the asteroid on the same night and make further observations.

Telescope operation was automated to the extent that the survey could be run all night without observer intervention. However, the telescope was seldom operated in the automatic mode because an observer was required to reduce data promptly and to correct any malfunctions that might have occurred.

Discoveries

As of 2017, LONEOS is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of 22,077 minor planets between 1998 and 2008. The discoveries include main-belt asteroids, near-Earth Objects (NEO) and Mars-crossers. During the period of LONEOS operation, several other NASA funded NEO searches were underway (number of discoveries in parentheses):
 LINEAR (148,287)
 Spacewatch (135,705)
 Mount Lemmon Survey (54,542)
 Near Earth Asteroid Tracking (41,092)
 and Catalina Sky Survey (26,294)

Amateur observers made a significant contribution during this time with independent NEO discoveries and by performing follow-up observations of recent discoveries made by the NASA sponsored surveys.

NEO-discovery statistics

The table below lists the number of discoveries made by LONEOS each year of operation. Asteroids thought to be larger than one kilometer in diameter were used as benchmarks in assessing survey completeness. Hence, some table elements have two numbers separated by a slash. The second number represents the number of discoveries larger than one kilometer. The column labeled "Asteroid Observations" is the number of observations sent to the Minor Planet Center. Each asteroid was typically observed four times (once per frame) each night.

A complete list of LONEOS NEO observations can be found at the NeoDys web site.

Other science

The LONEOS frame archive provides a data set with wide spatial and temporal sky coverage. Other investigators have used these characteristics to produce the following research papers and presentations.

 Investigating the Distinct Components of the Galactic Stellar Halo RR Lyrae from the LONEOS-I Survey, American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting #211, #163.02, Huber, Mark; Miceli, A.; Cook, K. H.; Rest, A.; Narayan, G.; Stubbs, C. W.
 Evidence for Distinct Components of the Galactic Stellar Halo from 838 RR Lyrae Stars Discovered in the LONEOS-I Survey, eprint arXiv:0706.1583,Miceli, A.; Rest, A.; Stubbs, C. W.; Hawley, S. L.; Cook, K. H.; Magnier, J.Johal, E. A.; Krisciunas, K.; Bowell, E.; Koehn, B.
 Detecting variable objects with the LONEOS photometric database: 15000 square degrees of variability measurements down to 19th magnitude in R, American Astronomical Society, 199th AAS Meeting, #101.10; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 33, p. 1463, Rest, A.; Miceli, A.; Miknaitis, G.; Covarrubias, R.; Stubbs, C.; Magnier, E.; Koehn, B.; Bowell, T.; Cook, K.; Krisciunas, K.

Highlights
 1999 April 12, Shawn Hermann discovers an Aten, 1999 HF1, more than three kilometers in diameter.
 1999 May, the 1999 JD6 peanut-shaped asteroid (a contact binary) was first discovered.
 1999 December 2, Bruce Koehn discovers the first Earth-crossing Damocloid asteroid, 1999 XS35, (later identified as a comet).
 2001 August 14, Mike Van Ness discovers the second Earth-crossing Damocloid, C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS).
 2001 November 20, discovers Near-Earth object  that will pass  from the Earth on 2028 June 26.
 2003 September 27, Bob Cash finds the (then) closest Earth-crossing asteroid, 2003 SQ222.
 2003 October 15, Brian A. Skiff recovers 1937 UB (Hermes), a lost asteroid for 66 years.
 2004 May 20, Brian Skiff finds an asteroid, , with the (then) smallest orbit. It is the second asteroid found that has an orbit entirely within Earth's orbit.

LONEOS staff

Lowell staff:
 Principal investigator: Dr. Edward Bowell
 Computer programming: Dr. Bruce Koehn
 Professional observers: Brian Skiff, Bill Ferris, Mike Van Ness, Shawn Hermann, Jason Sanborn
 Volunteer observers: Christopher Onken, Jennifer Palguta, Wendy Kelly, Thomas Grimstad, Lori Levy, Robert Cash, Bliss Bliss, James Ashley
Collaborators:
 CCD performance modeling: Dr. Steve Howell, WIYN/NOAO:
 Asteroid detection modeling: Dr. Karri Muinonen, University of Helsinki

See also

 Pan-STARRS
 Planetary Data System (PDS)
 Spaceguard

References

External links
 LONEOS
 Planetary Data System (PDS)

Near-Earth object tracking


Die in Nord-Süd-Richtung verlaufende Güldenstraße in der Innenstadt Braunschweigs verbindet den südlich gelegenen Gieseler mit dem sich nördlich anschließenden Radeklint. Sie ist Teil des neuen Cityrings. Die ehemals durch Fachwerkhäuser geprägte Straße verlor durch die Zerstörungen während des Zweiten Weltkriegs und nachfolgende Umgestaltungen ihren ursprünglichen Charakter. An der Güldenstraße liegt das schmalste Haus Braunschweigs.

Geschichte
Die im Weichbild der Altstadt verlaufende Güldenstraße wird 1297 als aurea platea, also goldene Straße, bezeichnet. Für das Jahr 1307 ist die Bezeichnung upper guldenen strate belegt. Die Herkunft des Straßennamens ist nicht bekannt. Auf den Stadtplänen ist 1606 Guldenstras und 1671 Güldenstrasse dokumentiert. Um 1720 und 1758 wurde der Name zu Gildenstrasse entstellt, nachfolgend aber wieder korrigiert. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs wurden die meisten Fachwerkbauten der Güldenstraße zerstört. Noch am 2. Februar 1945 forderte ein Bombenangriff 14 Tote. Die Straße wurde in der Nachkriegszeit zu einer deutlich verbreiterten Verkehrsschneise im Sinne der "autogerechten Stadt" umfunktioniert. Der Verlauf im nördlichen Bereich wurde verändert. Im Bereich der Güldenstraße wurden seit den 1980er Jahren zahlreiche archäologische Grabungen durchgeführt.

Bebauung

Historische Bauten

Haus zur Hanse
Das Haus zur Hanse in der Güldenstraße 7 wurde 1567 von dem Knochenhauer und Ratsherrn Cyriakus Haverland als Wohn- und Geschäftshaus erbaut. Aus dieser Zeit stammen die erhaltenen Bandfries-Schnitzereien an den Balken. Seit 1627 betrieb der Braunschweiger Bürgermeister Zacharias Boiling Bierbrauerei und -verkauf im Haus zur Hanse, welches damit zum Stammhaus des späteren Hofbrauhauses Wolters wurde.

Die Fassade des Baues wurde 1869 im Stil der frühen Renaissance verändert und damit als Originaldenkmal entwertet. Nach dem Umzug der Brauerei in einen Neubau an der Wolfenbütteler Straße wurde die alte Brauerei in eine Gaststätte umgewandelt. Das nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg 1954 wieder eröffnete "Haus zur Hanse" wechselte mehrfach, zuletzt 2010, den Besitzer. In den Jahren 1985 erfolgte eine Fassadenrenovierung und 1989/90 sowie 2010 eine Innenrenovierung.

St. Michaelis-Kirche
Die zwischen Güldenstraße und Echternstraße liegende St. Michaelis-Kirche ist die zweite Pfarrkirche der Altstadt. Sie wurde 1157 geweiht und Anfang des 13. Jahrhunderts durch Seitenschiffe erweitert. Der Umbau zu einer dreischiffigen gotischen Hallenkirche erfolgte zwischen dem 13. und 15. Jahrhundert. Die seit 1528 ev.-luth. Pfarrkirche wurde 1879/1881 durch Ludwig Winter und Max Osterloh umfassend restauriert. Den Zweiten Weltkrieg überstand der Bau im Gegensatz zu seiner Umgebung weitgehend unbeschadet.

Gasthaus Stadt Seesen
An der Güldenstraße 9 (Haus Nr. 604) befand sich bis zu seiner Zerstörung während des Zweiten Weltkriegs ein während des 15. Jahrhunderts errichtetes Fachwerkhaus, in dem sich über mehrere Jahrhunderte ein Gasthof mit Pferdeausspann befand. Für das Jahr 1406 ist das Haus als Ludeke Durekoppes vorwerk urkundlich erwähnt. Reste des späteren Gasthauses Stadt Seesen wurden in den Wohnkomplex Michaelishof integriert.

Weitere Bauten
In dem Haus Güldenstraße 1 kam am 19. August 1912 als Sohn eines Honigkuchenbäckers der spätere Landeskonservator Kurt Seeleke zur Welt, der während des Zweiten Weltkriegs zahlreiche unersetzliche Kunstschätze vor der Zerstörung bewahrte. In diesem Haus befand sich noch 1940 die im Jahre 1600 gegründete Honigbäckerei J. H. Wähler. Das Haus Nr. 819 befand sich seit 1386 im Besitz der Familie von Swulber und wird 1455 und 1458 als der Swulberschen schild bezeichnet. Das nördlich der Michaeliskirche liegende Haus mit der Nr. 603 wird 1392 als de Stenhof genannt.

Heutige Bebauung

Studentenwohnanlage Michaelishof
An der Güldenstraße 8 und 9 liegt das in den Jahren 1978 bis 1983 errichtete Studentenwohnheim Michaelishof. Nördlich der St. Michaelis-Kirche wurde aus zwei originalen und zehn nachempfundenen Fachwerkhäusern ein 12 Häuser umfassender Wohnkomplex für 165 Studenten geschaffen. Leitende Architekten waren Justus Herrenberger und Jörn Miehe. Die Zimmerarbeiten wurden von polnischen Zimmerleuten aus Stettin durchgeführt, die die alten Handwerkstechniken beherrschten. Sie schnitzten die kunstvollen Knaggen, an denen sie launige Studententypen wie den des Trinkers, des Studiosus mit dem Brett vor dem Kopf und den Langzeitstudenten im 70. Semester schufen. Der Portalbogen trägt den geschnitzten Bundesadler, den Braunschweiger Löwen, das Niedersachsenross und den polnischen Adler.

Das schmalste Haus Braunschweigs
Das im Jahre 1758 urkundlich erwähnte Haus stellt mit einer Breite von nur 3,20 m das schmalste Haus Braunschweigs dar. Das sich nördlich an den Michaelishof anschließende Haus wurde im Zeitraum 1979 bis 1982 grundlegend saniert, wobei nur die Fassade erhalten blieb.

Sporthalle Güldenstraße
Am 10. Dezember 1993 wurde die Sporthalle Güldenstraße (Hausnr. 39) nach rund zweijähriger Bauzeit eingeweiht. Sie wird von den Gymnasien Kleine Burg und Martino-Katharineum für den Schulsport und von verschiedenen Sportvereinen genutzt. Im Jahre 1997 wurde von der Sektion Braunschweig des Deutschen Alpenvereins eine Kletterwand eingerichtet.

Rekonstruierter mittelalterlicher Brunnen

An der Ecke zur Heydenstraße wurde 1870 ein mittelalterlicher Brunnen entdeckt und wieder zugedeckt. In den Jahren 1974/75 legte man den aus Bruchsteinen gemauerten, neun Meter tiefen Brunnen frei und baute ihn in Originalform wieder auf. Der Brunnenhals wurde etwa einen Meter hoch gemauert und durch ein von zwei Eichenpfählen getragenes Dach ergänzt.

Impressionen
Anordnung der Fotos von Norden nach Süden.

Literatur
 Johannes Angel: Güldenstraße. In: Luitgard Camerer, Manfred R. W. Garzmann und Wolf-Dieter Schuegraf (Hrsg.): Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon, Braunschweig 1992,  ISBN 3-926701-14-5
 Jürgen Hodemacher: Braunschweigs Straßen – ihre Namen und ihre Geschichten, Band 1: Innenstadt, Cremlingen 1995, ISBN 3-927060-11-9
 Heinrich Meier: Die Straßennamen der Stadt Braunschweig. In: Quellen und Forschungen zur Braunschweigischen Geschichte. Band 1, Wolfenbüttel 1904

Weblinks

 Historische Fotos der Güldenstraße bei Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek

Einzelnachweise

Straße in Braunschweig
Straße in Europa

Güldenstraße


Delémont (; ; , ) is the capital of the Swiss canton of Jura. The city has approximately 12,000 inhabitants .

History

The area of the municipality was already settled in the middle Bronze Age. Fifteen urn burials have been discovered in the municipality. There were late Bronze Age settlements south and west of the modern city. Several Iron Age buildings have been discovered south of town. There is also evidence of a Roman settlement, including a Gallo-Roman mausoleum and a small cache of coins. One or possibly several villas in the area may indicate the existence of a vicus near the town.

The first historic mention of the name dates from 736 to 37 as Delemonte. In 1131, the first mention of the German name Telsperg was recorded. It is also mentioned as Laimunt (1181) and Deleymunt (1225). The name is a combination of the Germanic Tello or Dagili with the Latin word mons for mountain.

Since the 7th century, the region belonged to the lands of the counts of Alsace. In 1271, it was sold to the Bishop of Basel. At this time it consisted of a fortified village and two castles, which were probably the homes of the Telsberg family. The city was declared to have municipal rights by Bishop Peter Reich von Reichenstein on 6 January 1289. This charter allowed the city some self-governance and allowed it to distribute land, which created favorable conditions for the growth of the town.  In 1338 they received the right to collect a tax on wine and food and in 1461 they were allowed to sell and tax salt in the valleys of Delémont and Moutier. From this income, as well as the money from a brick factory, two mills and eight farms, which were in use between the 15th and 17th centuries the city was able to meet all of its financial obligations. From 1289 to 1793, it was the capital of the estate of Delémont.

The old town was nearly square, with two large longitudinal streets that are intersected by three cross streets. The city was surrounded by city walls, which were strengthened in the southwest, near the Bishop's Castle, during the 14th century.  In the north-east corner a large round tower was built in the 13th century.  There were four gates into the city: Porte Monsieur (or de Porrentruy), the Porte au Loup, the Porte des Moulins and the Porte des Près (or de Bâle). The latter was bricked up in 1487, when a fire destroyed a large part of the city.  One characteristic of Delémont are the monumental fountains in the late Renaissance style.  The most important public buildings were rebuilt in the 18th century.  The Bishop's Castle, which served as a summer residence, was rebuilt in 1716-21 by Pierre Racine from Tramelan.  The Châtelain's building was rebuilt in 1717, followed in 1742-45 the town hall by Johann Caspar Bagnato and in 1753 the private residence of the family of Rinck Baldenstein, the county's administrator.  The church of Saint-Marcel was built 1762-67 from plans by Pierre-Francois Paris, and replaced a Gothic style building which stood on the same location. The steeple was completed in 1850–51.

The town's parish was first mentioned in 1255. The parish was administered by either a priest or a rector and seven or four (after 1760) chaplains.  The rector of the Church of Saint-Marcel was also the dean of the rural diaconate of Salignon in the diocese of Basel. Between 1534 and 1792 the parish church served as the collegiate church for the collegiate chapter of Moutier-Grandval, who had fled to Delémont during the Protestant Reformation.

During the Counter-Reformation a monastery of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin and an Ursuline convent were established, which remained until 1793.  The Ursulines were established in 1698 to provide an education for young girls, which they did for almost a century.

The chapel of Saint-Imier, the former chapel of Telsberg castle, was rebuilt in 1586 and dedicated to Mary. During the increase in popularity of the Marian cult in the 17th century, the chapel was expanded and rebuilt several times. After the coronation of the statue of Notre-Dame in 1869 the chapel became the most popular pilgrimage place in the Catholic Jura.

In 1793, Delémont was conquered by French Revolutionary troops and became the seat of one of the districts of the Département du Mont Terrible. In 1800, this was incorporated into the Département du Haut-Rhin. After the fall of Napoleon, the region was given to the Canton of Bern in 1815. Under the French, the old power structure in the city was suppressed. The Bürgergemeinde (an association of all full citizens) no longer had authority over most of the city lands and the town council became an advisory only organization.  After the city came under Bernese authority, the old power structure rushed back into power.  The Bürgergemeinde, which owned all the common lands, accepted only a few dozen new members, until 1820 when it closed itself to new members.  This unequal power structure remained in place until the liberal revolution in 1831, known as the Regeneration, granted full citizenship rights to all residents of the town. The distribution of the Bürgergemeinde lands dragged on until 1866, when the Canton of Bern finally pushed through an agreement.

During the 19th century industrialization, the German-speaking population increased greatly, and in 1880 reached nearly 40%. The city was briefly bilingual, but since 1920, the German-speaking minority has continuously decreased.

Since 1947, the city became a center for agitation for separation from the Canton of Bern. In the referendums in 1959 and 1974, a large majority voted for the creation of the Canton of Jura. From 1976 to 1978, Delémont was the meeting place for the drafting of the cantonal constitution for the new canton, which was created 1 January 1979, with Delémont as its capital.

Geography

Delémont has an area of .  Of this area,  or 37.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while  or 42.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land,  or 20.1% is settled (buildings or roads),  or 0.8% is either rivers or lakes and  or 0.1% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.8% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 9.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 5.2%.  Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.2% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.1%.  Out of the forested land, 40.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.  Of the agricultural land, 17.8% is used for growing crops and 12.2% is pastures and 6.5% is used for alpine pastures.  All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

Delémont lies  southwest of Basel, about halfway between Basel and Bienne. It stretches along both sides of the Sorne river, shortly before it flows into the Birs on the northern edge of the Delémont valley, a wide depression in the Jura Mountains.

The area of the municipality is largely given to intensive cultivation. At the south end of the valley is the Montchaibeux, an isolated hill. On the north, the valley is bounded by the Les Rangiers range, with la Chaive () as the highest point in the municipality. The eastern boundary is the Birs River.

The towns Les Rondez and Les Vorbourgs are part of the municipality. The surrounding municipalities are Develier, Courtételle, Rossemaison, Courrendlin, Courroux, Soyhières, Mettembert, and Bourrignon.

Climate
Delémont has an oceanic climate (Cfb), according to the Köppen climate classification, bordering a humid continental climate (Dfb). Between 1981 and 2001 Delémont had an average of 134.3 days of rain or snow per year and on average received  of precipitation.  The wettest month on average is May during which time Delémont received an average of  of rain.  During this month there was precipitation for an average of 12.9 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of  of precipitation over 9 days.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules, a Crosier Argent over Coupeaux of Six of the same.

Demographics

Delémont has a population () of .  , 23.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals.  Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 1.7%.  Migration accounted for 0.5%, while births and deaths accounted for 1.4%.

Most of the population () speaks French (9,574 or 84.3%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (449 or 4.0%) and German is the third (350 or 3.1%).  There are 5 people who speak Romansh.

, the population was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.  The population was made up of 4,114 Swiss men (35.5% of the population) and 1,512 (13.1%) non-Swiss men.  There were 4,669 Swiss women (40.3%) and 1,291 (11.1%) non-Swiss women.  Of the population in the municipality, 3,673 or about 32.4% were born in Delémont and lived there in 2000.  There were 2,823 or 24.9% who were born in the same canton, while 1,703 or 15.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 2,720 or 24.0% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.5%.

, there were 4,501 people who were single and never married in the municipality.  There were 5,379 married individuals, 832 widows or widowers and 641 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 5,039 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household.  There were 1,883 households that consist of only one person and 269 households with five or more people.  , a total of 4,783 apartments (89.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 321 apartments (6.0%) were seasonally occupied and 270 apartments (5.0%) were empty.  , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.6 new units per 1000 residents.  The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.06%.

Historic population
The historical population is given in the following chart:

Government
Delémont hosts the parliament and government of the Canton of Jura, but many other governmental functions are housed in Porrentruy, such as the cantonal courts.

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SPS which received 48.54% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the CVP (14.95%), the FDP (13.53%) and the SVP (11.96%).  In the federal election, a total of 3,090 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 42.6%.

Economy

By 1770, the city had already begun to develop as a strong trading and manufacturing center. Only about 25% of the population was still engaged in agriculture. In the 19th century, industrialization began, led by steel mills, watchmaking, and machine, cigar, and cement manufacturing.

Perhaps the most well known firm based here is Wenger. Their factory does not have a show room.

Today, Delémont is the economic and governmental hub of the canton, as well as the neighboring Jura region of the Canton of Bern. In addition to its traditional manufacturing core, it has developed much employment in the service sector. Although, it is plagued by a large unemployment rate, forcing its inhabitants to seek for jobs in the larger neighboring cities such as Basel or Biel.

, Delémont had an unemployment rate of 7.4%.  , there were 50 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 19 businesses involved in this sector.  3,094 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 133 businesses in this sector.  6,946 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 715 businesses in this sector.  There were 5,515 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which women made up 44.4% of the workforce.

 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 8,362.  The number of jobs in the primary sector was 41, of which 38 were in agriculture and 3 were in forestry or lumber production.  The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 2,963 of which 2,236 or (75.5%) were in manufacturing and 607 (20.5%) were in construction.  The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 5,358.  In the tertiary sector; 1,165 or 21.7% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 396 or 7.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 315 or 5.9% were in a hotel or restaurant, 117 or 2.2% were in the information industry, 374 or 7.0% were the insurance or financial industry, 432 or 8.1% were technical professionals or scientists, 497 or 9.3% were in education and 1,125 or 21.0% were in health care.

, there were 6,137 workers who commuted into the municipality and 1,711 workers who commuted away.  The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 3.6 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving.  About 7.6% of the workforce coming into Delémont are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.1% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work.  Of the working population, 13.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 55.3% used a private car.

Religion

From the , 7,826 or 68.9% were Roman Catholic, while 1,272 or 11.2% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church.  Of the rest of the population, there were 58 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.51% of the population), there were 19 individuals (or about 0.17% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 339 individuals (or about 2.99% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.  There were 9 individuals (or about 0.08% of the population) who were Jewish, and 547 (or about 4.82% of the population) who were Islamic.  There were 13 individuals who were Buddhist, 40 individuals who were Hindu and 7 individuals who belonged to another church.  917 (or about 8.08% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 474 individuals (or about 4.18% of the population) did not answer the question.

Transportation

At Delémont railway station the railway from Delle, connecting from Paris via Belfort, meets the Bienne to Basel line. The section of line between Belfort and Delle is currently being electrified and an hourly optymo bus service maintains the connection between Delle and Belfort.

Delémont has good road connections to the surrounding cities. It lies on the main road between Basel and Bienne, as well as La Chaux-de-Fonds. In 1998, the first stretch of motorway in the canton of Jura (the A 16) was opened between Delémont and Porrentruy.

The first stretch of rail line reached Delémont from Basel in 1875. The continuation to Moutier was completed in 1876. All trains from Basel to Bienne must reverse in Delémont.

During World War II, the railway station was accidentally bombed on 8 September 1944 by the Allies, injuring a number of railway employees.

A well-developed bus system serves the surrounding countryside.

Heritage sites of national significance
The Vorbourg Chapel, the Prince-Bishops' Castle, St-Marcel's Church, the Museum jurassien d'art et d'histoire and the Tour Rouge, the historic turntable for locomotives and the railway roundhouse are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance.  The entire old town of Delémont is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Tourism
The medieval city center still has its original outline. Two of the city gates date from the 18th century: the Porte au Loup (1775) and the Porte de Porrentruy (1756–59). There are also still parts of the city wall, with the Tour des Archives, which was originally built in the 13th century. The city squares are marked by monumental fountains dating from the 16th century, in Renaissance style.

The Catholic church of Saint-Marcel was built from 1762 to 1767 with a mixture of architectural styles from the baroque to the classical. Other important buildings from the time of the Bishops of Basel are the Hôtel de Ville (built from 1742 to 1745), the Châtellenie (now used as the Cantonal Parliament, remodeled in 1717), and the Episcopal Palace (1716–21). The late gothic chapel of Saint-Michel dates from the 17th century.

The synagogue of Delémont is in the western part of the city. The Castle of Domont, built in 1560, is now a restaurant. There are also ruins of an early medieval castle, the Vorbourg, on the west side of the Birs. Next to them stands a chapel, dedicated in 1049 and repeatedly renovated. The main altar with the Madonna dates from the 16th century.

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities
Delémont is twinned with:
 Belfort, France
 La Trinidad, Nicaragua

Culture
Delémont was awarded the Wakker Prize for preservation of its architectural heritage in 2006.

Education

In Delémont about 3,706 or (32.6%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 1,308 or (11.5%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).  Of the 1,308 who completed tertiary schooling, 54.1% were Swiss men, 28.3% were Swiss women, 10.2% were non-Swiss men and 7.5% were non-Swiss women.

The Canton of Jura school system provides two years of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school.  This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude.  Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three- or four-year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 1,471 students attending 78 classes in Delémont.  There were 13 kindergarten classes with a total of 236 students in the municipality.  The municipality had 35 primary classes and 690 students.  During the same year, there were 30 lower secondary classes with a total of 545 students.

, there were 631 students in Delémont who came from another municipality, while 277 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Delémont is home to the Bibliothèque municipale de Delémont library.  The library has () 32,698 books or other media, and loaned out 64,610 items in the same year.  It was open a total of 289 days with average of 27 hours per week during that year.

Sport
The football club SR Delémont play in the Swiss Challenge League.

Notable people

 Eugène Daumas (1803 in Delémont – 1871), a French general and writer
 Alfred Comte (1895 in Delémont – 1965), Swiss aviation pioneer
 Job (born 1927 in Delémont), aka André Jobin, a Swiss francophone comics creator.
 Heidi Baader-Nobs (born 1940 in Delémont), a Swiss composer
 Gérard Daucourt (born 1941 in Delémont), Catholic Bishop of Nanterre 2002-2013
 Pierre Margot (born 1950 in Delémont), a Swiss forensic scientist, invented a forensic light source Polilight
 Dominique Baettig (born 1953 in Delémont), psychiatrist and politician
 Maurice Kottelat (born 1957 in Delémont), a Swiss ichthyologist specializing in Eurasian freshwater fish
 Sport
 Julien Vauclair (born 1979 in Delémont), a Swiss former professional ice hockey defenseman
Marguerite Gobat (1870 –1937), Swiss editor, teacher and pacifist

References

External links

Jura.ch

Cities in Switzerland
Cantonal capitals of Switzerland
Canton of Jura
Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Jura

Delémont


La Unión aduanera de Bielorrusia, Kazajistán y Rusia es una unión aduanera creada el 1 de enero de 2010, cuyo código aduanero entró en vigor el 1 de julio de 2010 para Rusia y Kazajistán, y el 6 de julio del mismo año para Rusia, Kazajistán y Bielorrusia.

A partir del 1 de enero de 2012 los tres países crearon el Espacio Económico Único.

En octubre de 2011 se anunció la unión de Kirguistán.

Ucrania y la Unión aduanera
En 2012, Moscú habló de nuevo con Ucrania por la posible adhesión de Ucrania a la Unión aduanera. Pero Kiev volvió a rechazar la propuesta ya que, según el primer ministro ucraniano, Ucrania se estaba volcando en las relaciones con la Unión Europea. También propuso la unión "3+1" pero Rusia no estuvo de acuerdo.

Véase también
 Unión Económica Euroasiática
 Unión Euroasiática
 Comunidad Económica Eurasiática
 Eurasianismo

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web oficial de la Comisión de la Unión aduanera

Integración económica
Eurasia

Unión Aduanera Euroasiática


Beyaz Saray (İngilizce: The White House), Amerika Birleşik Devletleri devlet başkanlarının Washington, DC'de bulunan resmî ikametgâhıdır.

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin federal başkenti olan Washington'daki çok sayıda resmi binanın en önemlisidir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin ilk başkanı George Washington, başkentin yerini tespit edip planlar çizdirdi. Ancak yeni kurulan başkentte hiç oturamadan 1799 yılında öldü. Ölümünden bir sene sonra başkanlık binasının açılışı yapıldı. Bina baştan başa beyaza boyandı.

John Adams'dan beri bütün ABD başkanları burada oturmuştur. Geniş bir park içinde yaklaşık altı hektar büyüklüğünde bir arazide bulunmaktadır. 52,5 metre uzunluğunda ve 25,5 metre genişliğinde 2,5 katlı bir binadır. Binanın merkezi ve orijinal kısmı Virginia kum taşından inşa edilmiş olup, birçok değişikliğe rağmen 18. yüzyıldaki Georgian stilini muhafaza etmektedir. İlk banyo Beyaz Saray'a 1877'de ilave edilmiştir.

1814'te Britanyalı kuvvetleri tarafından Washington'daki bütün amme binaları yakılmıştı. Beyaz Saray da yakılan binalar arasındaydı. James Hoban'ın nezaretinde Beyaz Saray yeniden inşa edildi ve 1817'de kullanılmaya hazır hale geldi. Başkan James Monroe tarafından Fransa'dan ithal edilen mobilya ve mefruşatla imparatorluk stilinde yeniden döşendi. Binanın yanık dış duvarları beyaza boyandı. Bundan dolayı binaya Beyaz Saray dendiği yanlış bir kanı olarak yayıldı. Aslında bina ilk inşa edildiği andan itibaren bu isim ile anılmıştır.

1949'da Harry Truman döneminde ikâmet için emniyetsiz bulunarak yeniden inşası için bir plan hazırlandı. Dış duvarlar bırakılarak binanın bütün iç duvarları yıkıldı, çelik ve beton bir çerçeve üzerinde yeniden inşa edildi. Orijinal ahşap, mermer ve dekoratif alçı işleri gibi kısımların muhafazasına büyük ehemmiyet verildi. Orijinal kat planı korunmakla beraber modern tesisat ve yeni imkânlar ilave edildi.

Galeri

Dış Bağlantılar
Beyaz Saray Resmî sitesi

Ayrıca bakınız
 Beyaz Saray Durum Odası

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki saraylar
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde siyaset
Washington, DC'deki yapılar

Beyaz Saray


Joseph Bromfield (1744–1824) est un plâtrier et architecte anglais notable travaillant dans les West Midlands et dans le centre et le nord du Pays de Galles à la fin de la période géorgienne. Il est maire de Shrewsbury en 1809 .

Début de carrière
Il est né, probablement à Whitchurch, Shropshire, en 1744. Son père, Robert Bromfield, est un constructeur. En 1752, la famille déménage à Old Swinford dans le Worcestershire, où son père devient commis aux travaux de Hagley Hall. Joseph Bromfield est l'un des quatre frères - les trois autres étaient également impliqués dans les métiers du bâtiment, le plus jeune étant Benjamin Bromfield, qui est sculpteur, concepteur et fabricant de cheminées en marbre qu'il fournit à des demeures seigneuriales, dont le château de Chirk dans le Denbighshire . Le père, Robert Bromfield, semble avoir été associé à l'architecte de Shrewsbury, Thomas Farnolls Pritchard, dont le travail le plus important est les plans du pont de fer à Ironbridge. Grâce à cette connexion, son fils Joseph commence à entreprendre des commandes de plâtrerie pour Farnolls Pritchard .

Architecte

En 1777, à la mort de Farnolls Pritchard, Bromfield, un dessinateur talentueux, semble avoir décidé de travailler comme architecte et de reprendre le cabinet d'architecture de Farnolls Pritchard. Au départ, il travaille dans le Shropshire, mais sa pratique architecturale s'étend progressivement pour couvrir la majeure partie du nord et du centre du Pays de Galles. Il possède une propriété, Brannas Lodge sur la rivière Dee, près de Bala dans le Merionethshire, d'où il semble avoir exercé . Il entreprend alors quelques commandes pour des maisons de campagne assez importantes, telles que Rhug, Caerynwch et Nanhoron ; des presbytères, notamment Newtown et Llandyssil dans le Montgomeryshire, et les usines à Morda à l'extérieur d'Oswestry et Forden près de Montgomery . Son travail se caractérise par l'utilisation de grandes baies vitrées et l'utilisation de vérandas « enveloppantes » ou semi-enveloppantes. Il est influencé par les conceptions de villas de style italien développées par John Nash, qui a conçu Cronkhill près d'Attingham Park en 1805. Bromfield est également responsable du presbytère de Berrington (plus tard Berrington Hall) dans la paroisse voisine de Cronkhill, ainsi que de travailler à Attingham. De nombreuses maisons de Bromfield ont des toits Regency typiques à faible pente avec de larges avant-toits. Bromfield est un pionnier de l'utilisation précoce de la fonte dans les bâtiments domestiques, provenant probablement des fonderies de William Hazeldine à Coleham, Shrewsbury et Plas Kynaston près de l'aqueduc de Pontcysyllte à Chirk. Des exemples de cette ferronnerie peuvent être vus à Plas Bodegroes sur la péninsule de Llyn où les descentes pluviales et les têtes de trémie en fonte sont datées de 1779, et le presbytère de Llandyssil qui a des descentes pluviales similaires mais aussi des montants en fonte utilisés pour soutenir la véranda, qui sont similaires à ceux utilisés dans la construction des premières usines.

La maison la plus intéressante de Bromfield est Glansevern Hall, entre Welshpool et Newtown, qui est achevée pour Sir Arthur Davies Owen en 1807 . Cette maison de style néo-grec et la pierre à partir de laquelle elle est construite proviennent des carrières de Cefn à Minera près de Wrexham. L'utilisation du style néo-grec est relativement rare et Pevsner et Lang soulignent que le premier exemple en est le temple dorique de James "Athenian" Stuart à Hagley Park . Comme le père de Joseph Bromfield est le commis des travaux à Hagley, il en a peut-être eu l'idée, ou bien il a peut-être été au courant du travail de Thomas Harrison de Chester, qui est un représentant majeur de ce style. Pour la loge de Brannas Bromfield, on a utilisé des fenêtres à arc arrondi «gothiques», copiant apparemment Farnolls Pritchard, qui aimait beaucoup utiliser les styles gothique et chinois dans son architecture. Les modifications apportées à Brynkinallt, Denbighshire en 1806 montrent que Bromfield peut également travailler dans le style gothique crénelé.

Jusqu'à récemment, Joseph Bromfield est resté largement méconnu en tant qu'architecte. La première édition de Howard Colvin du "Dictionnaire bibliographique des architectes britanniques" ne fait aucune mention de son travail, tandis que la troisième édition publiée en 1995 observe que Bromfield "En tant qu'architecte, il semble avoir été compétent mais banal". Notamment la 4e édition (2008), qui énumère plus d'exemples de son travail, omet cette remarque.

Références

Bibliographie

 Colvin H. (2008) Dictionnaire biographique des architectes britanniques 1600–1840. Yale University Press, 4e édition Londres, 163–164.
 Ionides J. (1999) Thomas Farnolls Pritchard de Shrewsbury, architecte et 'inventeur des ponts en fonte . The Dog Rose Press, Ludlow.
 Moore N. (2002) Presbytère de Llandyssil : son architecture et son histoire de construction . Collections Montgomeryshire 90, 99–108
 R Scourfield et R Haslam (2013) Les bâtiments du Pays de Galles : Powys ; Montgomeryshire, Radnorshire et Breconshire Yale University Press .

Liens externes

Architecte britannique du XVIIIe siècle
Architecte britannique du XIXe siècle
Décès en 1824
Naissance en 1744

Joseph Bromfield


Aktaş, Samsun ilinin Ladik ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Aktaş mahallesi adını mahallenin içinde bulunan büyük beyaz taştan almaktadır.

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 98 km, Ladik ilçesine 12 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Ladik'in mahalleleri

Aktaş, Ladik


RCT may refer to:

Science and technology
 Random conical tilt, a technique used in cryogenic electron microscopy
 Rational choice theory, a framework for understanding social and economic behavior
 Reverse conducting thyristor
 Ritchey–Chrétien telescope
 Rubber Chemistry and Technology, a scientific journal
 Reversible Color Transform, a technique in computer graphics

Medicine
 Randomized controlled trial, a research method used in medical and social sciences
 Radiochemotherapy, the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy to treat cancer
 Root canal treatment, dental treatment to treat nerve damage of the tooth
 Reverse cholesterol transport, pathway by which peripheral cell cholesterol can be returned to the liver for recycling to extrahepatic tissues, hepatic storage, or excretion into the intestine in bile

Organizations
 Ranipokhari Corner Team, a Nepalese football club
 RC Toulonnais, a rugby union club from Toulon, France
 Register of Clinical Technologists (UK)
 Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims
 Rose City Transit, a former mass transit company in Portland, Oregon
 Royal Corps of Transport
 Rural Community Transportation, a public bus system in Vermont

Other uses
 Rameau Catalogue Thématique, a numbering system used to catalogue the works of Jean-Philippe Rameau
 Regents Competency Test, an alternative standardized test for special education high school students in New York State
 Regimental combat team
 Relational-cultural therapy
 Rhondda Cynon Taf, a county borough in Wales, UK
 RollerCoaster Tycoon, a video game series
 RollerCoaster Tycoon (video game), the first game in the series

RCT


Arnaud Boetsch (n, 1 de abril de 1969 en Meulan, Francia) es un jugador de tenis con nacionalidad francesa. En su carrera ha conquistado cinco torneos a nivel ATP, su mejor posición fue Nº12 en abril de 1996.

Títulos (5; 3+2)

Individuales (3)

Dobles (2)

Enlaces externos

Tenistas masculinos de Francia
Tenistas en los Juegos Olímpicos de Atlanta 1996
Nacidos en Meulan-en-Yvelines

Arnaud Boetsch


Tucuro je rijeka u Venezueli. Ulijeva se u jezero Maracaibo.

Izvori

Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.

Rijeke u Venezueli
Slijev jezera Maracaibo

Tucuro


Anthony "Tony" Price (Nueva York, Nueva York; ) es un exjugador de baloncesto estadounidense que disputó una temporada en la NBA. Con 1,98 metros de estatura, jugaba en la posición de alero. Es el padre del actual jugador de la NBA A. J. Price.

Trayectoria deportiva

Universidad
Jugó durante tres temporadas con los Quakers de la Universidad de Pensilvania, en las que promedió 15,6 puntos y 8,6 rebotes por partido. En su última temporada anotó 633 puntos, la segunda mejor marca de su universidad, por detrás de los 673 de Ernie Beck, que le sirvieron para ser elegido Jugador del Año de la Ivy League y ganar el Trofeo Robert V. Geasey al mejor jugador de la Philadelphia Big 5. fue además el máximo anotador del Torneo de la NCAA de ese año.

Profesional
Fue elegido en la vigésimo novena posición del Draft de la NBA de 1979 por Detroit Pistons, pero fue despedido, firmando al año siguiente como agente libre por los San Diego Clippers, Allí jugó únicamente 5 partidos, anotando en total 4 puntos.

Estadísticas de su carrera en la NBA

Temporada regular

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Estadísticas en la NCAA

Baloncestistas de Nueva York
Baloncestistas de la NBA
Baloncestistas de los Penn Quakers
Baloncestistas de los San Diego Clippers

Tony Price


5-Aminoimidazol ribotida ou 5'-fosforribosil-5-aminoimidazol é um intermediário na formação de purinas e a vitamina tiamina. Assim, é um intermediário na via da adenina, e é sintetizado a partir de 5'-fosforribosilformilglicinamidina pela AIR sintetase.

Nucleótidos

5-Aminoimidazol ribotida


2-oxazolidona (IUPAC: 1,3-oxazolidin-2-onă) este un compus heterociclic ce conțin un nucleu format din cinci atomi, dintre unul este de azot și unul de oxigen.

Derivații de oxazolidinonă prezintă proprietăți antimicrobiene, acestea manifestându-se prin inhibarea sintezei proteice bacteriene prin blocarea legării N-formilmetionil-ARNt de ribozomi. Exemple de antibiotice oxazolidinone sunt: linezolid, tedizolid, cicloserină.

Obținere

Proprietăți

Note

Vezi și
 Oxazolidină

2-oxazolidonă


Abdülkerim Korcan (31 Ocak 1918, Aktefek, Hendek, Sakarya - 9 Kasım 1990), Türk yazardır.

1918 yılında Sakarya'nın Hendek ilçesine bağlı Aktefek köyünde doğdu. Ancak ilkokul 4. sınıfa kadar okuyabildi. 1934-35 yıllarında Eskişehir'den İstanbul'a ailesi ile geldi. Babası Murat Usta, Küçükpazar'da saat tamirciliği yaparken kendisi de berberde çıraklık yaptı.
1938'de donanma gemisi Yavuz'da yapılan aramada kardeşi Haydar Korcan'da bulunan kitaplar nedeniyle kendisinin saatçi dükkânı da aranmış ele geçen kitaplar nedeni ile ve "yayımcılık yoluyla komünizm propagandası yaptıkları" iddiasıyla 30 Nisan 1938'de gözaltına alınmıştır. 1938'de Donanma Kor Askerî Mahkemesi'nde isyan suçlusu olarak yargılandı ve 12 yıl ağır hapse mahkûm edildi. Yazar hapis geçirdiği (1938-1948) ve (1957-1958) yıllarını İstanbul Polis Müdüriyeti Nezaret ve Müteferrikasında, Yavuz Harp Gemisi, Erkin Denizaltısı, İstanbul Merkez Kumandanlığı, Sultanahmet Tevkifhanesi ve Sinop Hapishanesi'nde tutuklu ve mahkûm olarak kalmıştır. 10 yıl kaldığı Sinop Cezaevinden 1948'de tahliye edildi. 1957'de Vatan Partisi yöneticiliğinden dolayı soruşturma açıldı. Türk Ceza Kanunu'nun 141 ve 142. maddelerine karşı gelmekten dolayı 1957'de tutuklandı, iki yıl tutuklu yargılandıktan sonra 1959'da beraat etti.

Milliyet gazetesinin 1962'de açtığı "Bir Memleket Gerçeği başlıklı yarışmasında "Köşe adlı röportajıyla ikincik kazandı.

"Türk edebiyatında gölgede kalan bir yazar" olarak anılan Korcan, yarattığı Tatar Ramazan karakteriyle tanınır.

Eserleri
Roman
 1967: Linç
 1971: İdamlıklar
 1975: Ter Adamları
 1983: Patrona
 1988: Ateşten Köprü
 1990: Acılar Çemberi

Öykü
 1962: Köse Kadı
 1969: Tatar Ramazan
 1971: Canlı Bayraklar
 1990: Ölüm Pusuda
 1990: Capon

Diğer
 1978: Dimitrof Geçiyor (tarih)
 1989: Ey Gaziler (şiir)
 1989: Harbiye Kazanı (anı)

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
Ertan Erol, Kerim Korcan'ın Eserleri ve Edebiyatımızdaki Yeri, Nobel Yayınları, 2011
Soner Akpınar, Kerim Korcan'ın Hikâye ve Romanlarında Hapishane , Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Türkoloji Dergisi, 17, 2 (2010) 21-36

Kaynakça

1918 doğumlular
1990 yılında ölenler
Hendek doğumlular
Türk yazarlar
Resim aranan yazarlar
20. yüzyıl Türk hikâye yazarları
Karacaahmet Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
20. yüzyıl Türk roman yazarları
20. yüzyıl Türk şairleri
Türk komünistler

Kerim Korcan


22106 Tomokoarai este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
22106 Tomokoarai este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Stația Anderson Mesa în cadrul programului LONEOS. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,60 ua, o excentricitate de 0,26 și o înclinație de 24,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 22001-23000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2000
Centura de asteroizi

22106 Tomokoarai


Skt. Clemens Bro er en bro i Aarhus, der går over Aarhus Å som en del af Strøget og Skt. Clemens Torv. Den blev anlagt i 1884, og har siden været bindeleddet mellem den gamle bydel ved Store Torv og den nye bydel ved banegården. Skt. Clemens Bro er opkaldt efter Aarhus' skytshelgen Sankt Clemens.

Broen ses også stavet Sct. Clemens Bro, Sct. Clemensbro, Skt. Clemensbro, Sankt Clemensbro eller Sankt Clemens Bro.

Historie

Ny bydel og ny bro

Før 1862 lå Aarhus' absolutte centrum omkring Store Torv; det var i dette område at folk boede og samledes til markeder. I 1862 kom jernbanen til Aarhus og ejendomme, hoteller og butikker skød frem om den nyanlagte banegård, hvilket hurtigt medførte, at et nyt bycentrum opstod.
For at komme fra Store Torv til banegården måtte aarhusianerne krydse åen, og de eneste broer, der fandtes til kørende trafik, var Frederiksbroen ved Immervad og Mindebroen. Størstedelen af den kørende trafik til banegården kørte gennem Skolegade over Mindebroen og videre op gennem Fredensgade.

Fodgængere kunne tage Fiskerbroen ved Fiskergyde og gå op gennem Søndergade. Området mellem Sønder Allé og banegården tilhørte handelsgartner Jensen. Gennem gartnerens store have kunne man via en sti tage en smutvej; denne smutvej blev i 1873 til Ryesgade. Efter etableringen af Ryesgade var der nu en lige vej fra Banegården til Domkirken. Det eneste, der manglede, var en bro til kørende trafik ved Fiskergyde.

En højbro på tegnebrættet
Behovet for den senere Skt. Clemens Bro var dermed stort, og ved byrådets forhandlinger i februar 1872 blev de første to forslag til broen behandlet. Det ene forslag kom fra arkitekt R. Langeland-Mathiesen, mens det andet kom fra stads- og havneingeniør P.B. Obel. Begge projekter blev dog anset for vilde projekter og blev skrinlagt.

En bro kunne dog ikke undværes, og i 1875 udskrev "Udvalget for Byens Udvidelse og Bebyggelse" en konkurrence på en højbro. Broen skulle have en kørebane med en bredde på 6,30 meter, en frihøjde på 3,15 meter over Fiskergade og Aagade og hele 11,5 meter over åen.

Projektets vinder blev premierløjtnant A.F.C. Andersen, som blev præmieret med 1500 kr.
Heller ikke dette projekt blev realiseret, og i perioden 1878 til 1881 fremlagde byrådsmedlem og tømrermester Jensen-Vroue flere udkast til broprojekter. Byens økonomi var ikke til store byggeprojekter, og det hjalp ikke på situationen, at Hans Broge i 1879 på byens vegne købte et gasværk til 350.000 kr.

Hans Broges Bro
I sidste ende blev det dog Hans Broge selv, der blev en hoveddrivkraft til broens endelige realisering. Hans Broge var raget uklar med byens skattevæsen, som mente, han skyldte byen 14.000 kr. 5. maj 1881 modtog byrådet et brev fra Hans Broge, hvor han skrev, at betingelsen for tilbagebetalingen af de 14.000 kr. var, at to projekter skulle realiseres. Det ene projekt var en jernbaneforbindelse mellem Aarhus og Odder. Det andet projekt var etableringen af Skt. Clemens Bro. Samtidigt ville Hans Broge skænke byen yderligere 10.000 kr. kontant til broprojektet. Den eneste betingelse var, at der skulle forelægge afsluttende kontrakter på begge projekter inden for et år.

Projektet realiseres
Vroues seneste projekttegninger blev overgivet til havneingeniør Th. Hornemann og stadsingeniør P. Sletting, samtidig med at en privat indsamling blev stablet på benene til at indsamle de 100.000 kr., som kunne finansiere dele af projektet. I alt løb finansieringen op i 364.000 kr. I 1882 påbegyndtes nedrivningen af bygninger i Fiskergade, Ågade og Søndergade, og 23. maj 1884 kunne aarhusianerne for første gang tage Skt. Clemens Bro i brug. Broens indvielse markerede også starten på de første sporvogne i Aarhus. De var hestetrukne og var i brug indtil 1895. Fra 1896 til 1903 kørte der hesteomnibusser og fra 1904 til 1971 elektriske sporvogne over broen.

Konstruktionen
Selve brokonstruktionen bestod af svære jernsøjler og to gennemløbende pladejernsdragere, som hvilede på to støttemure. Ved broens udførsel blev der også lagt vægt på det æstetiske, og den kongelige bygningsinspektør arkitekt Th. Walther blev udpeget til at stå for udarbejdelsen af detailtegningerne til broens jernkonstruktioner. Jernsøjlerne blev udsmykket med hjørnepilastre, profilerede baser og knopkapitaler. Rækværket blev udført i smedejern med Skt. Clemens anker indlagt, mens der på hvert brohoved stod en femarmet kandelaber.

Under broen blev bygget en lavbro til fodgængere fra Ågade til Fiskergade. Denne bro havde dog ikke højbroens fine detaljer. Lavbroen måtte lade livet i 1930, da man dækkede åen til.

Udskiftning og renovering
Den 23. februar 1945 forsøgte Petergruppen at sprænge broen i stykker. Broen holdt, men flere bygninger tæt på led store skader.

Omkring 1983 stod afdelingsarkitekt ved Stadsarkitektens Kontor Ole Østergaard og ingeniørfirmaet Carl Bro A/S bag udskiftningen af den 100 år gamle bro. De gamle jernkonstruktioner i broen blev udskiftet med beton- og stålsøjler, mens de oprindelige støttemure blev bevaret. Området under broen blev gjort mere attraktivt, og broen fik samtidig et nyt rækværk designet af Finn Sködt, der også har designet kalligrammerne på Jægergårdens facade. Broens nuværende træbelægning kom først til i 2002 og var de første par år årsag til megen diskussion på grund af træets glatte overflade. Ved frilægningen af Aarhus Å blev lavbroen under broen genetableret, således at Skt. Clemens Bro igen i dag fremstår som en dobbeltbro.

Se også
 Sct. Clemensbro i Aarhus - stumfilmsoptagelse fra 1902.

Litteratur og kilder
N.J. Isrealsen, Skt. Clemens Bro, Århus-årbog 1982, Århus Byhistorisk Udvalg, Universitetsforlaget i Aarhus 1982
Århus - Dengang og nu, Århus byhistoriske Udvalg, Universitetsforlaget i Aarhus, 1971
Peter Nielsen, Sejr i Stiften – En citatbibliografi, Emanuels Sejrs Mindefond 1989
Red. Ib Gejl, Århus – Byens historie 1870-1945, bind 3, Århus Byhistoriske Udvalg, 1998
Sigvard Preben Skov, "Bystyre 1837-1919" i Aarhus gennem Tiderne, Nyt Nordisk Forlag, Arnold Busk, 1940
Aarhus Byråds Forhandlinger 22. februar 1872, 5. maj 1881, 17. november 1881

Eksterne henvisninger

Aarhus
Vejbroer i Danmark

Skt. Clemens Bro


Kingsville é um local designado pelo censo no centro de Kingsville Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, Estados Unidos . Possui uma agência postal com o CEP 44048. Encontra - se na intersecção das State Routes 84 e 193, a menos de uma milha a noroeste da Interestadual 90.

Kingsville foi originalmente chamado Fobesdale ou Fobesville, e sob o último nome foi estabelecido em 1810.

Na mídia
Kingsville foi um local usado para as filmagens de The Dark Secret of Harvest Home .

Referências

Regiões censitárias do Ohio
Localidades do condado de Ashtabula

Kingsville (Ohio)


Steluța Duță (n. 18 martie 1982, Râmnicu Sărat, județul Buzău) este o pugilistă română, laureată cu trei medalii de argint la Campionatul Mondial de Box Feminin Amator (AIBA), patru medalii de aur la Campionatul European EUBC și două medalii de aur la Campionatul European EABA.

Carieră
Abandonată la naștere, a crescut în orfelinatul din Râmnicu Sărat, apoi la Centrul de Plasament din Buzău, la cel din Stâlpu și la așezământul unei biserici la Câmpeni. La vârsta de 18 ani a trebuit să plece și a ajuns să trăiască pe stradă. În 2002 l-a întâlnit pe Constantin Voicilaș, antrenor de box la CSM Buzău, care în cele din urmă a devenit tatăl ei adoptiv. După câteva luni de antrenament a devenit vicecampioană națională. În paralel, și-a reluat studiile, absolvind Liceul Sportiv din Buzău și școala de antrenori.

În anul 2006 a cucerit prima sa medalie într-o competiție majoră, aurul la Campionatul European de la Varșovia.

În anul 2015 a făcut obiectul unui documentar, Roboțelul de aur, realizat de Mihai Dragolea și Radu Mocanu. Este cetățean de onoare al municipiului Buzău și maestru emerit al sportului.

Note

Boxeri români

Steluța Duță


Tablice

Izvori

 Krešimir Perušić - 100 godina nogometa u Karlovačkoj županiji 1903-2003, Karlovac 2004., ISBN 953-9969-0-6, str. 292

1952 zona
Karlovac-zona

Zonska nogometna liga Karlovac 1952.


Aurélien Fernandez est un auteur de bande dessinée et illustrateur de livres jeunesse.

Biographie
Aurélien Fernandez fait ses années de lycée au Lycée pilote innovant international de 2006 à 2009. Il étudie ensuite à l'école Rubika de 2009 à 2014. Pendant ses études, il lance en 2010 le blog de bande dessinée et d'illustration La bête est méchante, et participe à la réalisation du court métrage Les Robots géants venus de l'espace.

Dès 2014, il travaille en tant que graphiste et animateur dans plusieurs studio parisiens comme Cube Creative et Studio Brunch. Son blog lui vaut d'être premier dauphin de Karensac lors des Révélations blog BD du Festival d'Angoulême 2015. De 2015 à 2017, il participe à plusieurs livres en tant qu'illustrateur aux éditions Quelle Histoire, et travaille pour la presse (Quelle Histoire Mag, National Geographic Kids, etc.).

Actif sur les réseaux sociaux Twitter (à partir de 2009) et Instagram (2014), il s'engage sur celui-ci auprès du Solidays pour lequel il réalise une série de strips de bande dessinée en 2019. On le retrouve dans le hashtag Coronamaison, popularisé par Pénélope Bagieu, lors du premier confinement en mars 2020.

En 2019, les Éditions Lapin publient son premier ouvrage comme auteur complet, Bougre de bonhomme a une maison sur la tête, un livre jeunesse qui évoque les troubles mentaux. Puis en 2020, il dessine la bande dessinée Les Bons Gros Bâtards de la littérature, scénarisée par Popésie, toujours aux éditions Lapin. En 2021, il organise sa première campagne de financement participatif afin de publier aux Éditions Exemplaire Les Vacances de Fantôme faché, son premier ouvrage tiré de la série Fantôme fâché qu'il publie depuis 2019 sur Instagram.

Publications

Bande dessinée
 .
 .
 .
 .

Livre jeunesse
 La Bande à Blou ! (scénario avec Nicolas Ferreira et Emmanuelle Brengard), avec Anaïs Chevret (dessin), Unique héritage Éditions :
 Le Plus Fort, 2020.
 L'Exposé, 2020.
 Les Lunettes, 2020.
 C'est la rentrée, 2020.
 Le Doudou perdu, 2020.
 La Nouvelle, 2020.
 Les Poux, 2020.
 Le Futur Petit Frère, 2020 .
 Le Cadeau de noël, 2020.
 Trop chouette le tricycle !, 2021.
 J'ai peur du noir, 2021 .
 C'est facile la peinture, 2021.
 Je ne veux pas faire la sieste, 2021.
 Des mains toutes propres, 2021 .

Filmographie

Comme réalisateur
2014 : Giant Robots from outer space (court métrage)

Comme animateur
2015 : The Great Machine
2020-2021 : Un bon moment

Distinctions
 2015 : premier dauphin du prix Révélation Blog au festival d'Angoulême

Références

Annexes

Bibliographie

Liens externes

 Chaîne Youtube

Auteur français de bande dessinée
Naissance en février 1991

Aurélien Fernandez


Bauhinia × blakeana (Çince: 洋紫荊 - Türkçe bilinen genel adı ile Bahunya), Bahunya cinsinde, geniş, kalın yapraklı, göz alıcı morumsu çiçekleri olan, yıl boyu yeşil kalan bir bitkidir. Orkideye benzeyen bu hoş kokulu çiçekler genelde 10–15 cm yüksekliğinde olurlar ve Kasım başlarından Mart sonlarına kadar çiçek açarlar. Bu az bulunan yöresel çiçek sadece Hong Kong ekosisteminde yetişir. Bu yöreye özel olduğundan Hong Kong bayrağının üzerinde bile temsilî bir bahunya çiçeği yer alır.

Galeri

Dış bağlantılar

Çiçekler
blakeana

Bauhinia blakeana


Rakı; damıtma yoluyla elde edilen suma kullanılan ve genellikle anason tohumu ile aromalandırılan, alkollü bir geleneksel Türk içkisidir.

Etimoloji
Rakı, Arapça "damıtılmış" anlamına gelen Arak teriminin farklı bir telaffuzudur. Arak; "terlemek, terini damlatmak" anlamındaki  ˁaRıKa (عَرِقَ) fiilinden türetilmiş ve damıtma işleminin keşfedildiği 11. yüzyıldan itibaren Arap  coğrafyasında genel olarak tüm damıtılmış içkileri ifade etmiştir. Sibirya'da yaşayan Teleüt Türkleri ise "Arakı" sözcüğünü şarap ve bütün alkollü içkilere karşılık olarak kullanmakta.

Daha sonraki yüzyıllarda, erken dönem Osmanlı kayıtlarında ise RAKı ve aRAK tabirleri, aynı kök ismin eş anlamlı iki farklı telaffuzu olarak özellikle damıtılmış üzüm suyu içkisi anlamında kullanılmıştır.

Tarihçe
Anadolu coğrafyasında bu isimlerle belgelenebilen en eski rakı üretimi ve ticareti 15. yüzyılda Trabzon civarından yazılı kayıtlara girmiştir.

Rakı ticaretinden bahseden en eski ikinci yazılı kayıt ise 1520 tarihli bir Osmanlı Vergi Nizamnamesidir. Bu belgede de diğerinde olduğu gibi Trabzon, rakının üretildiği ve diğer bölgelere sevk edildiği yer olarak gösterilir.

Osmanlı Devleti'nin son dönemlerinde Rumeli'deki gayrimüslim tebaa tarafından da üretilmeye başlanmış ve zamanla tüm Osmanlı coğrafyasında yaygın olarak kullanılan bir içki haline gelmiştir. 19. yüzyıla gelindiğinde ise gayrimüslimlerin çalıştırdığı meyhanelerde en popüler içki olmuştur.

Üretimi
Şıra haline getirilen üzümler suyla mayşe haline getirildikten sonra; etil alkol mayası ile fermante edilerek alkollü bir sıvı oluşturulur. Bu elde edilen alkollü sıvı 6-12 derece aralığında bir tür şaraptır.  Sonrasında, kolonlu distilasyon ünitesinde ya da imbiklerde damıtılarak suma haline getirilir. Stoklanan suma, 5000 litre veya daha küçük hacimli bakır imbiklerde anason tohumu ile yeniden damıtılır. Bakır imbiklerde fraksiyonel distilasyon sonunda elde edilen rakının orta kısmının alkolü yüksek dereceli olup "göbek" adını alır. Bu kısım su eklenerek içilecek alkol derecesine getirilir ve tarifine göre gerekirse tatlandırılır. Bu aşamalarda havalandırma yapılarak rakının olgunlaşmasına katkıda bulunulur. Rakı şişelenmeden önce en az 1 ay süreyle dinlendirilir. Rakı üretimi alkollü içkiler tebliğinde detaylı tanımlanmıştır. Kullanılması gereken hammaddeler ve oranları ile kullanılacak imbiklerini büyüklüklerine kadar detaylar bu tebliğde bulunmaktadır. Rakı Türkiye'nin coğrafi işaretli bir ürünüdür.

Ülkelerine göre rakılar
Rakı benzeri birçok içki, Yunanistan, Bulgaristan ve Akdeniz çevresindeki bazı ülkelerde tüketilmektedir:

Bulgaristan'da sert ve etkili meyve rakıları vardır. Su katınca beyazlamayan sarımtrak renklidir ve genellikle erik ve üzümden yapılır. Bulgar rakısı piyasada Mastika, Targovitsche ve Pechterska isimleriyle bilinir. %37 alkol oranına sahip olan bu rakılar Türk rakısına kıyasla daha tatlı, çabuk sarhoş yapar.

Yunanistan'da ise yaş üzümden üretilen benzer bir içkiye uzo; anasonlu ve kurum üzüm sumasından yapılan sert tadlı bir içkiye ise tsipouro denir. Sakız aromalı uzo'ya ise "mastika" denir. Türk rakısı, kullanılan anason çeşidinin daha az olması ve genelde alkol oranının fazla olması ile uzo'dan ayrılır.

Makedonya'da üzümden ve anasonsuz olarak sarı ve beyaz çeşitleriyle üretilir ve mastika denir. Türkiye'de özellikle Akdeniz bölgesinin doğusunda üretilen boğma rakıyla benzerlikler göstermektedir. Makedonya'daki Türkler arasında ise sarı rakı popülerdir. Sarı rengini meşe fıçısından ya da içerisine renk ve aroma versin diye atılan meşe çubuklardan alır. Arnavutluk'ta ise Makedon rakısına benzer anasonsuz olarak üretilir ancak sarı olanı popüler değildir.

Balkan ülkeleri dışında Fransa, İspanya ve Portekiz'de bu içkinin genel adı anis veya pastis'tir. Aynı rakıda olduğu gibi sulandırıldıklarında kirli sarı-beyaz renk alırlar. İtalya'da sambuca ve Slavca'da ise düziko denir.

Ayrıca bakınız
Anisol

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Mayalanmış içkiler
Damıtılmış içkiler
Rakı
Türk icatları

Rakı


24 sata Daytone je 24 sata duga utrka izdržljivosti koja se vozi svake godine krajem siječnja ili početkom veljače na stazi Daytona International Speedway na Floridi u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Prva je velika automobilistička utrka godine koja se održava u Sjevernoj Americi te prva utrka sezone u seriji IMSA SportsCar Championship. Utrka je poznata kao dio neslužbene Trostruke krune u utrkama izdržljivosti zajedno s 12 sati Sebringa i 24 sata Le Mansa koje se smatraju trima najzahtjevnijim utrkama izdržljivosti.

Od 1992. kompanija Rolex službeni je sponzor utrke na čije ime polaže i prava te svi vozači iz svih klasa koji pobijede u utrci dobivaju na poklon Rolexov sat.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Rolex 24 at Daytona
 IMSA SportsCar Championship službena stranica

Međunarodna automobilistička natjecanja u SAD-u

24 sata Daytone


Rukometni klub Trnovec je muški rukometni klub iz Trnovca Bartolovečkog, Varaždinska županija. U sezoni 2021./2. klub se natječe u 2. HRL - Sjever i osvaja 12. mjesto. Predsjednik kluba je Željko Skupnjak, a sjedište kluba je na adresi Ulica Male Ledine 2/A, Trnovec Bartolovečki. Godine 1998. klub je preimenovan i nosi ime RK "Trnovec".

O klubu kroz povijest
Rukometni klub Trnovec nastao je 14. ožujka 1975. godine pod nazivom DTO (Društvo za tjelesni odgoj) "PARTIZAN". Godinu dana nakon osnivanja DTO Partizan započinje aktivno natjecanje kluba u međuopćinskoj rukometnoj ligi Varaždin. Sljedeći igrači bili su prvi naraštaj rukometaša u Trnovcu: Rado Kušen, Đuro Hrg, Radivoj Deban, Stanko Mikulić, Stjepan Novosel, Stanko Magić, Ivica Golubić, Stjepan Mraz, Slavko Mikulić, Marijan Videc, Vlado Mikulić. Trener rukometaša bio je Josip Grabar. Tijekom sljedećih godina došlo je do omasovljenja rukometa u Trnovcu i tako je 1985. godine stasao i novi naraštaj rukometaša pod vodstvom trenera Stanislava Mlakara, koji se je natjecao u međuopćinskoj ligi Varaždin – Čakovec.

Klub danas
Danas se u klubu natječu seniorska i mlađa kadetska ekipa te djeca u školi rukometa.

Uspjesi
1998./1999. godine prvak međužupanijske lige Varaždin – Čakovec, 1999. godine igranjem u kvalifikacijama u Bjelovaru stekli pravo igranja u drugoj HRL sjever, 1999./2000. godine sezona završena na 6. mjestu druge HRL sjever, 2000./2001. godine sezona završena osmim mjestom druge HRL sjever.
Najveća radost dolazi u sezoni 2015./16.: prvaci 3. HRL Sjever.

Izvori
 Kramer, Fredi; Pinević, Dražen: Hrvatski rukomet, Topical, Zagreb, 2009., str. 69

Vanjske poveznice
 Rukometni savez Varaždinske županije, pristupljeno 23. travnja 2019. godine
 Rukometni klub Trnovec, facebook stranica
 sportilus.com, Rukometni klub Trnovec

Trnovec

Rukometni klub Trnovec


Baie-Saint-Paul (2011 Population 7,332; UA population 4,535) is a city in the Province of Quebec, Canada, on the northern shore of the Saint Lawrence River.  Baie-Saint-Paul is the seat of Charlevoix Regional County Municipality. The city is situated at the mouth of the Gouffre River. It is known for its art galleries, shops and restaurants.

The place gained some prominence in the 1770s when Doctor Philippe-Louis-François Badelard named a disease he was researching the "Baie-Saint-Paul maladie". This illness was the subject of one of the first medical publications done in Lower Canada. It is also where Cirque du Soleil originated back in the early 1980s and the location of the first show using the name Cirque du Soleil during "La Fete Foraine de Baie-Saint-Paul" in 1984.

A visitor in the early 1800s noticed mineral springs and mineral resources in the area.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Baie-Saint-Paul had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

Population trend:
 Population in 2021: 7,371 (2016 to 2021 population change: 3.1%)
 Population in 2016: 7,146 (2011 to 2016 population change: -2.5%)
 Population in 2011: 7,332 (2006 to 2011 population change: 0.6%)
 Population in 2006: 7,288 (2001 to 2006 population change: 0.6%)
 Population in 2001: 7,290 (1996 to 2001 population change: -2.2%)
 Population in 1996: 7,379 (1991 to 1996 population change: 0.7%)
 Baie-Saint-Paul (ville): 3,569
 Baie-Saint-Paul (parish): 2,412
 Rivière-du-Gouffre (municipality): 1,398
 Population in 1991: 7,321
 Baie-Saint-Paul (ville): 3,733
 Baie-Saint-Paul (parish): 2,297
 Rivière-du-Gouffre (municipality): 1,305

Mother tongue:
 English as first language: 0.2%
 French as first language: 98.7%
 English and French as first language: 0%
 Other as first language: 1.1%

Street views of Baie-Saint-Paul

Climate
Baie-Saint Paul has a humid continental climate with vast seasonal differences. Summers are mild and moderated by its proximity to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. In winter, interior Canada influences the climate with frequent cold waves.

See also
1925 Charlevoix–Kamouraska earthquake
 Charlevoix tourist train

References

External links

 Ville de Baie-Saint-Paul
 Vivre Baie-Saint-Paul!
 Baie-Saint-Paul @ Google Maps

Cities and towns in Quebec

Baie-Saint-Paul


La Ruta Estatal de California 170 (en inglés: California State Route 170) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de California. La carretera inicia en el Sur desde la  en Hollywood hacia el Norte en la  en Sun Valley, y tiene longitud de 12,3 km (7.637 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta Estatal de California 170 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de California por sus siglas en inglés Caltrans.

Cruces
La Ruta Estatal de California 170 es atravesada principalmente por la  en North Hollywood.
{| class=wikitable
!Miliario
!Salida
!Destinos
!Notas
|-
|9.10
|
|Highland Avenue
| Continuación más allá de la SR 2
|-
|9.10
|
|
|
|-
|9.61
|
|Sunset Boulevard
|
|-
|9.85
|
|Hollywood Boulevard
|
|-bgcolor=#ddffdd
|10.697.84
|
|
|Interchange; extremo sur de la US 101
|-
|colspan=4 align=center|Extremo sur de la autopista de la US 101
|-
|9.22
|11A
|Barham Boulevard – Burbank
|Señalizada como Salida 11 sur
|-bgcolor=#ffdddd
|9.60
|11B
|Universal Studios Boulevard
|Salida y entrada norte; sirve al Universal Studios Hollywood
|-
|10.34
|12A
|Lankershim Boulevard – Universal City
|
|-bgcolor=#ffdddd
|10.56
|12B
|Ventura Boulevard
|Sin saluda Sur
|-
|11.11
|12C
|Vineland Avenue
|Señalizada como Salida 12B sur
|-bgcolor=#ffdddd
|11.65
|13B
|
|Salida Sur y entrada Norte
|-bgcolor=#ddffdd
|11.80R14.50
|5B
|
|Extremo norte de la US 101; Salida norte y entrada sur
|-bgcolor=#ffdddd
|R14.78
|6A
|Riverside Drive
|Salida Sur y entrada Norte
|-
|R15.37
|6B
|Magnolia Boulevard – North Hollywood
|Señalizada como Salida 6 norte
|-
|R15.99
|7
|Burbank Boulevard
|
|-
|R16.63
|8A
|Oxnard Street
|
|-
|R17.25
|8B
|Victory Boulevard
|
|-
|R18.27
|9
|Sherman Way
|
|-
|R19.72
|10
|Roscoe Boulevard
|
|-bgcolor=#ffdddd
|R20.10
|11A
|Sheldon Street
|Salida norte y entrada sur
|-bgcolor=#ffdddd
|R20.55
|11B
|
|Salida norte y entrada sur

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de Caltrans

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de California
Carreteras del condado de Los Ángeles
Autovías de California

Ruta Estatal de California 170


Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town (hrv. Djed Božićnjak dolazi u grad) božićna je pjesma tekstopisaca i skladatelja Johna Fredericka Cootsa i Havena Gillespiea koju je prvi put izveo Eddie Cantor u radijskoj emisiji u studenom 1934. Prema Američkom društvu skladatelja, autora i izdavača, pjesma je 2016. proglašena najizvođenijom božićnom pjesmom u SAD-u u proteklih 50 godina.

Odmah nakon emitiranja, postala je uspješnicom te je u prva 24 sata prodano 500 000 kopija i 30 000 snimaka.

Obrade
Pjesma je doživjela brojne obrade i aranžmane pjevača, zborova i glazbenih sastava. Vremenom je zbog svoje iznimne popularnosti, postala standard u božićnoj zabavnoj glazbi i često se izvodi u božićno vrijeme.

Obrada Perrija Coma iz 1951. zauzela je 1. mjesto na američkim ljestvicama. Uspješne obrade objavio je i country pjevač Gene Autry na svom božićnom albumu iz 1953., pjevački sastav The Four Seasons, čija je obrada zauzela 23. mjesto na Billboardovoj ljestvici. Godine 1975. Bruce Springsteen snimio je rock obradu pjesme, koja se pojavila na više njegovih albuma, kao i u epizodama Ulice Sezam.

Najpoznatije obrade svakako su one Mariah Carey i Franka Sinatre. Za pjevački sastav pjesmu je obradio Pentatonix.

Poznati meksički pjevač Luis Miguel snimio je pjesmu na španjolskom pod imenom Santa Claus Llegó a La Ciudad za svoj božićni album Navidades (2006.)

Popularna kultura
Pjesma se pojavila u velikom broju filmova božićne ili blagdanske tematike (Božićna priča i Vilenjak), ali i onima nepovezanima uz sam blagdan Božića, poput The Polar Expressa.

Izvori

Božićne pjesme
Američke skladbe

Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town