Dammam ( ) is the fourth-most populous city in Saudi Arabia after Riyadh, Jeddah, and Mecca. It's the capital of the Eastern Province, with a total population of 1,532,300 as of 2022. The judicial and administrative bodies of the province, in addition to the administrative offices of other minor governmental departments functioning within the province, are located in the city. The word itself is generally used to refer to the city, but may also refer to its eponymous governorate.

Dammam is known for being a major administrative center for the Saudi oil industry. Dammam constitutes the core of the Dammam metropolitan area, also known as the Greater Dammam area, which comprises the 'Triplet Cities' of Dammam, Dhahran,
and Khobar. The area has a population of 2,190,900 as of 2022 and is closely linked to the city through social, economic, and cultural ties. The city is growing at an exceptionally fast rate of 12% a year – the fastest in Saudi Arabia, the GCC, and the Arab world. As of 2016, Greater Dammam is the fourth largest metropolitan area by both area and population in the Gulf Cooperation Council.

The area that eventually became Dammam was settled by the Dawasir tribe around 1923, with permission of King Ibn Saud. The area was originally a fishing hamlet and was developed into its current state within half a century soon after the discovery of oil in the region, both as a port city and an administrative center. With the unification of Saudi Arabia, Dammam was made the capital of the newly formed Eastern Province.

The Dammam metropolitan area and the rest of the Eastern Province are served by the King Fahd International Airport (KFIA), the largest airport in the world in terms of land area (approximately ), about  northwest of the city. Dammam's King Abdul Aziz Sea Port is the largest on the Persian Gulf, its import-export traffic second only to the historic Jeddah Islamic Port in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Dammam is a member-city in the World Energy Cities Partnership (WECP).

Dammam is a city located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, on the Persian Gulf. It is the capital of the Eastern Province and the third largest city in Saudi Arabia. It is the largest city in the Eastern Province and the sixth largest in the Kingdom. The city of Dammam is the administrative center of the Dammam Metropolitan Area, which includes the cities of Al Khobar and Dhahran.

History

Etymology

Foundation (1923–1932)

Dammam was founded in 1923 by the Al Dawasir tribe that migrated from Bahrain after King Abdul Aziz allowed them to settle within the area. The tribe initially settled in Khobar, which was chosen for its proximity to the island of Bahrain as the tribe had hoped to go back there soon, but the British made it tough for them to maneuver. However, this gave the population of Khobar a lift, together with the formation of close ties with the larger city of Dammam.

Search for and discovery of oil (1932-1940s)

The planning of drilling wells in Dammam started in the spring of 1933 In Jeddah, when an oil concession agreement was signed by both the government of King Abd al-Aziz Al Saud and the representatives of The Standard Oil Company of California. A team of geologists was sent to Dammam. They finalized their plans for the wells in the beginning of June 1934. The work on the cellar for the first drilling rig in Dammam started approximately in January 1935, and ended on the 19th of February in 1935. On April 30, 1935, the work began on drilling the 1st oil well in Dammam. When Dammam No. 1 didn't produce promising result, the work on it stopped on 4 January 1936, and  Dammam No. 2 was drilled. Because of the promising results, there were plans to drill 5 more wells in the surrounding area of Dammam No. 2. Between June and early September 1936, the production of all of these drills were monitored closely, and most of them were disappointing. On December 7, 1936, the work started on Dammam No. 7. At the beginning the drilling didn't produce promising results. However, by 4 March 1938, Well No.7 started producing a promising amount of oil. Saudi Aramco, dug the famous Dammam Well No. 7, now designated the 'Prosperity Well,' that proved that the kingdom possessed an oversized supply of hydrocarbons.

Phase of rapid growth (1940s-1960s)

The discovery of recent oil fields around Dammam within the 1940s and 50s, which now account for 25% of the world's proven oil reserves, triggered a construction boom. The Al Bin Ali family, led by Sheikh Muhammad bin Nasir Al Bin Ali and his brothers, played a vital role in the development of town and also the region in various fields. Their company, Al Bin Ali and Brothers, was the primary Saudi construction company that took part within the expansion of Aramco. a number of their projects were the roads connecting Dammam to the northern oil wells, Highway 40, which connected Dammam to Riyadh; now referred to simply as the Dammam Road, and multiple expansions of the King Abdul Aziz Port. This led to experts and technicians from in and round the kingdom gathering to assist in the hunt for new oil fields and bring them on-stream. New pipelines, storage facilities, and jetties were also constructed to handle tankers.

Service industries sprouted up to support the industry and meet the needs and requirements of individuals living within the newly founded metropolitan area. As it has in other parts of the dominion, the Ministry of Health has established several modern hospitals and a network of healthcare facilities within the Dammam Area. These are supplemented by hospitals and clinics operated by the private sector.

Modern history (1960s-present)
Within a few decades, a locality that had several hundred inhabitants some sixty years ago now boasts a population of more than 1.5 million, and is still growing at a sustained high rate. The Dammam area, unlike other oil towns, has developed in multiple fields. Including hosting the administration of the Saudi oil industry, it is also a contemporary urban and industrial center. As this sector was growing within the early years, the Saudi government took steps to facilitate the evolution of the area. New roads and highways connected the booming city to other urban and industrial centers within the Kingdom. A railway line connected Dammam to the agricultural center of Kharj and on to Riyadh. Dhahran International Airport was established to further enhance the region's connection to other parts of the country and the world. Later, all commercial air transport facilities were transferred to the larger King Fahd International Airport, approximately 20 kilometers (12 miles) northwest of Dammam.

To encourage the expansion of non-oil industries, an industrial city was established within the open space between the three cities. Now home to 124 factories, the first Industrial City of Dammam was quickly surrounded by an urban mass. As a result, a second industrial city was established further far from the Dammam Area along Highway 615. Located on nearly  of land, the second Industrial City is already home to 120 factories, with 160 others under construction. These plants manufacture a range of products that are marketed throughout the kingdom and also exported to other countries. Handling such exports and other imports is carried out by several shipping agents and commercial companies spread throughout the area.

The Dammam Area was designed from the outset on the principles of contemporary urban planning. Residential areas are clearly separated from commercial ones, the roads are broad and straight and buildings conform to a plan. One of the most significant factors contributing to the growth of the area was land reclamation; vast stretches of the shallow Persian Gulf were reclaimed. Water is provided by desalination plants that pump approximately seven million cubic feet of treated water every day. The supply of water underpins the urban and industrial growth of the Dammam Area, and provisions are being made for expanding existing desalination facilities to satisfy future growth. Dammam is a member-city in the World Energy Cities Partnership (WECP).

Geography

Climate
Much like most of Saudi Arabia, Dammam features a hot desert climate (BWh) under the Köppen climate classification.

Winter temperatures range from mild to warm, but regularly drop to as low as around  at night. Rainfall in Dammam is generally sparse, and usually occurs in small amounts in the winter months of November, December and January; with periodic heavy thunderstorms. Hail generally falls during the colder months of December and January. Lighter showers occur during spring but are much rarer.

Summer temperatures are extremely hot, owing to the region's geographic location; and continually exceed  during daylight hours from March to October. Nights during summer generally feature temperatures higher than  and very high humidity, due to the urban heat island effect. Dust storms, known locally as shamals, are common in summer, and generally come from the north.

Extreme temperatures in the area have ranged from  on 26 July 2021 to  on 16 January 2008.

Environment

Environmental concerns

There is evidence that several building foundations and underground infrastructures in Dammam have been structurally weakened by a rising water table. Various sources, including precipitation, seawater intrusion and leakage from underground water networks and sewage pipes, were anecdotally suspected to be contributors to the rising shallow water-table problem. A recent study by T. M. Iwalewa and others has revealed that leakages from drinking-water supply and sewage-collection pipe networks are the major contributors to the rise in the water table in the city. The study showed that the rising shallow water-table problem represents a serious threat to the present and future development of the city.

Transportation

Air
Dammam is served by the King Fahd International Airport, the largest airport in the world in terms of land area. The passenger terminal is about  to the northwest of the city and is connected by a six-lane highway. Being the main airport in the Eastern Province, Dammam is well connected by air with other cities in the Middle East, Asia, Africa and Europe. The airport is a hub for SaudiGulf Airlines.

Sea
The King Abdul Aziz Sea Port, located on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is the second largest and second busiest port in Saudi Arabia. It is also the largest port in the Persian Gulf. It was founded in the late 1940s. It has large equipment that allows it to receive various types of vessels. The most important equipments are 56 multi-purpose hoist, 8 container cranes, and 524 tanker containers. There are a number of berths for ships and fishing, as well as ship repair yard.

Road
Eastern Province cities like Abqaiq, Dhahran, Hofuf, Jubail (Dhahran–Jubail Highway), Khafji, Khobar (Dammam-Khobar Highway), Ras Tanura, Sihat and Qatif (Gulf Road), as well as many cities in other parts of the Kingdom are linked with Dammam by 8-lane highways. Dammam is connected to the Saudi capital, Riyadh and Jeddah on the west coast by Highway 40. It is also linked to Bahrain by the  long King Fahd Causeway. Dammam also has highways to other Middle-Eastern countries such as Kuwait (Abu Hadriyah Highway), Oman, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates.

Dammam has no intra-city public transport service. Inter-city bus services are operated from Dammam by the Saudi Arabian Public Transport Company (SAPTCO). Bus services connect Dammam with Khobar and other cities across the Middle East.

Rail
The headquarters of the Saudi Railways Organization (SRO), one of Saudi Arabia's two railway operators, is in Dammam. The passenger terminal in Dammam was the first built in Saudi Arabia and was built in 1981. It is considered to be a major terminal in the Saudi railway network.

Dammam will serve as an important junction on the proposed Gulf Railway connecting all six GCC member states. The city is located along the proposed main line connecting Kuwait with Oman via Saudi Arabia and the UAE. A branch line connecting Bahrain to Dammam are also part of the proposed project.

Two future railway projects connecting Dammam to Jeddah via Riyadh and Mecca in the western region and Dammam with Jubail have been proposed.

Rapid transit

An integrated public transport system for Dammam was approved by the Council of Ministers on 19 May 2014, and publicly announced by Mayor Fahad Al Jubair on 21 May 2014. The project includes  of light rail,  of bus rapid transit, and  of feeder buses to link the outskirts of the city. The light rail system will have two lines. The first line will link Tarout Island with King Fahd Causeway via Qatif, Dammam and Dhahran. The second line will connect central Dammam to the King Fahd International Airport. Studies to finalize the alignment and location of the stations should have taken an estimated 18 months. The Dammam Metro is expected to open in 2021, but its current official status is unknown.

The bus rapid transit system was launched in 2023. It mainly covers Dammam, AlKhobar, Qatif, and Dhahran, over a distance of 453 kilometers, with 212 bus stops.

Culture

Entertainment
As part of the Saudi Government's Vision 2030 program that aims at diversifying the non-oil revenues in Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Public Investment Fund (PIF) has planned to establish entertainment destinations in the Eastern Province. This would include the establishment of amusement parks and the building of several entertainment facilities such as theatres. The King Salman Energy Park (SPARK) is planned to be established by ARAMCO between Dammam and Ahsa. covering an area of .

The beaches overlooking the Arab Gulf have always been a main destination for locals, especially for fishermen.

Sports
Football is the national sport of Saudi Arabia and the most popular sport in Dammam. The Prince Mohammed bin Fahd Stadium is the city's primary stadium and football venue. It serves as the home ground for Saudi Professional League's Ettifaq FC and Saudi First Division's Al-Nahda Club. More traditional sports such as camel racing, falconry, basketball and equestrianism are still practiced. Cricket is popular among the South Asian expatriates living in the city.Shopping

 Dammam is home to many local markets and malls. Among the local markets are "Souq Al hob" and "Souq Al Dammam". Both of these markets sell commodities that are local to the region and regular commodities as well. Some of the malls in Dammam are "Al othaim Mall", and "Marina Mall", they both provide the customers access to brands that are known around the world.

Many expats choose to congregate in Dammam's shopping and entertainment hubs like LuLu, which at the moment also boasts a multiplex showing films in both local and foreign languages.

All across Dammam, there are shopping mall chains as Tamimi Markets, Nesto Chains, The Grand Mall Chains, and Panda Chains.

Culture

The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture, also known as Ithra,  incorporates a museum, children museum, library, cinema, theater, and exhibition halls. It was designed by the Norwegian architectural firm Snøhetta. The center has been listed in Time magazine as one of the world's top 100 places to visit and attracted one million visitors in 2019.

Demographics
In 1950, Dammam had a population of 22,000. By 2000, the population soared to 759,000 people. Dammam was the world's tenth fastest growing city during that 50-year period. According to a report released by the Central Department of Statistics and Information, the population of Dammam was 903,000 as of December 2010, making it the sixth most populous city in Saudi Arabia and the most populous in the Eastern Province.

According to statistics released by the Ministry of Economy and Planning, in 2011, home ownership among Saudi citizens in Dammam was 42.4%.

Human resources

Healthcare
The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health oversees the medical facilities across the kingdom. Hospitals and polyclinics located in the urban core of Dammam tend to be concentrated around one central building. Some of the public/government-funded hospitals operated directly by the MoH include the Dammam Medical Complex (also known as the Dammam Central Hospital), the King Fahd Specialist Hospital (KFSH) which shares its compound the Maternity and Children's Hospital (MCH), and the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital which shares its compound with the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Two hospitals targeting members of the Saudi Arabian Armed Forces are the Security Forces Hospital and the King Fahd Military Medical Complex.

In addition to these public hospitals and polyclinics, several private hospitals and medical centers are also present within Dammam. The most well-known of these is the AGH Dammam or Al Mana Group of Hospitals, Dammam which is part of the Al Mana Group of Hospitals run by Ebrahim Al Mana and Bros., which claims to be the largest medical company & healthcare provider in the Eastern Province. Other private hospitals in and around the city include the Arrawdha Hospital, Al Mouwasat Hospital, the Dammam Private Medical Complex (Formerly Dammam Medical Dispensary), Gama Hospital (formerly Astoon Hospital), among others. One of the largest medical complexes in the kingdom, the Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Complex is located between Dammam and Khobar off Highway 605.

Education
Dammam has a large number of schools, universities and colleges. Schools teaching various syllabus and in several different languages of instruction can be found.

Primary and secondary education
Dammam has a large number of both Saudi and international schools that are either public or private schools. Most of the Saudi schools are public and run by the government, while most of the international schools are private. Most of the international schools are Indian schools affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education, although a few schools teaching American, British, Pakistani, Filipino, Bangladeshi curricula, along with schools teaching curricula of other nations also exist.

Higher education and research
Some of the well-known universities in the region include the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (formerly known as the University of Dammam) located off Highway 610, the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (also known as KFUPM and UPM) which shares its compound with Saudi Aramco and the Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University which is located in south-west Khobar.

Dammam Governorate
The Dammam Governorate ( ) is one of the 12 governorates of the Eastern Province. The governorate includes parts of other cities in the Dammam metropolitan area, most notably the entirety of Dhahran, as the city is not part of its own governorate. The majority of its area besides the cities of Dammam and Dhahran is uninhabited desert, with the two major exceptions being the King Fahd International Airport and the Second Industrial City of Dammam.

The governorate is bounded by the Persian Gulf to the northeast and the Khobar Governorate to the southeast. To its south lies Half Moon Bay, while its west is covered by the comparatively larger governorates of Jubail in the northwest and Buqayq in southwest. Its northern reaches are bordered by the smaller Qatif Governorate to the northwest and the Tarout Bay to the northeast.

See also

 Khobar
 Saudi Ports Authority
 Abdullah Fouad

References

 Dammam City Guide
 T.M. Iwalewa et al. / Journal of Hydro-environment Research 12 (2016) 46–58

Further reading

 Dammam Capital City in Eastern Province (1998). ()
 Dammam King Fahd International Airport (1999). ()

External links

 Municipality of Dammam Official website

 Places to visit in Dammam

Geography of Saudi Arabia
Populated coastal places in Saudi Arabia
Port cities and towns in Saudi Arabia
Port cities and towns of the Persian Gulf
Populated places in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia articles needing attention
Provincial capitals of Saudi Arabia
Populated places established in 1923
1923 establishments in Asia

Dammam


චෙර් (උපත චෙරිලින් සාර්කිෂියන්; මැයි 20, 1946) යනු ඇමරිකානු ගායිකාවක, නිළියක සහ රූපවාහිනී නිවේදිකාවකි. මාධ්‍ය තුළ සාමාන්‍ය ව්‍යවහාරයේ පොප් දෙවඟන ලෙස හැඳින්වෙන ඇය, පුරුෂ මූලික ක්ෂේත්‍රය තුළ ස්ත්‍රී ස්වාධීනත්වය සංකේතවත් කළා ය.

චෙර්


Mark Lombardi (1951 – 22 Mart 2000) Amerikalı Neo-Kavramcı soyut ressam.

Amerikalı ressamlar
1951 doğumlular
2000 yılında ölenler

Mark Lombardi


කලරිපායට්ටු යනු හුදෙක් කලාරි ලෙසද හැඳින්වේ, එය ඉන්දියාවේ නිරිතදිග වෙරළ තීරයේ පිහිටි නූතන කේරළයේ ආරම්භ වූ ඉන්දියානු සටන් කලාවකි. [5] කලරිපායට්ටු සටන් කලාකරුවන් විසින් ඉතා ඉහළින් සලකනු ලබන්නේ ඉන්දියානු සටන් කලාව තුළ එහි දීර් history කාලීන ඉතිහාසය නිසාය. එය ඉන්දියාවේ දැනට ඉතිරිව ඇති පැරණිතම සටන් කලාව යැයි විශ්වාස කෙරේ. එය තවමත් පවතින පැරණිතම සටන් කලාවන් අතරට ද සැලකේ. එහි ආරම්භය අවම වශයෙන් ක්‍රි.පූ. 3 වන සියවස දක්වා දිවෙන සටන් කලා කාලරාමුවයි. [6]

කේරළයේ මලබාර් ප්‍රදේශයෙන් චෙකාවර් ගැන ලියා ඇති වඩක්කන් පට්ටුකල් (උතුරු බැලට්ස්) හි කලරිපායට්ටු සඳහන් වේ. ලන්දේසි කතුවරයකු වන අර්නෝඩ් වැන් ඩර් වීරේ සටන් කලාවේ ආරම්භය ඉන්දියාවට ප්‍රදානය කරයි (එහි මූලයන් කලරිපායට්ටු යැයි සිතනු ලැබේ), ඔහු කලරිපයාට්ටු හැඳින්වූයේ "සියලු සටන් කලාවන්ගේ මව" ලෙසිනි. [7] කලරිපායට්ටු යනු පුරාණ යුධ පිටිය සඳහා නිර්මාණය කරන ලද සටන් කලාවකි ("කලාරි" යන වචනයේ තේරුම "යුධ පිටිය" යන්නයි), ඉන්දියාවට ආවේණික වූ ආයුධ සහ සටන් ක්‍රමෝපායන් ඇත.

ඉන්දියානු සාම්ප්‍රදායික සටන් ක්‍රමයයි.මෙය යම් තරමකට යුධ සටන් කලාවක් වන බව පෙනේ.මෙහි කිසියම් ප්‍රබල නිල ශාස්ත්‍රයක් ඇති අතර 'වර්ම අඩි','වර්ම කලායි' යන නම්වලින් එය හැඳින්වේ.

කලාරි


Amt Rantzau er et amt i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i den nordøstlige del af Kreis Pinneberg. Kreis Pinneberg ligger i den sydlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten. Amtets administration er beliggende i byen Barmstedt. Mod nord grænser det til Amt Hörnerkirchen, mod vest til Amt Elmshorn-Land, Elmshorn og Tornesch, mod syd til Amt Pinnau og byen Quickborn og mod øst til Kreis Segeberg.

Kommuner i amtet
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 Bilsen
 Bokholt-Hanredder
 Bullenkuhlen
 Ellerhoop
 Groß Offenseth-Aspern
 Heede
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Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Amt Rantzau

Rantzau

Amt Rantzau


طريق الخروبة–التميمي هو طريق معبد في ليبيا يمتد من الخروبة إلى وادي سمالوس، والمخيلي، وينتهي عند التميمي، ويبلغ طوله حوالي 186 كم. الجزء المخيلي-التميمي عُبد بين السنوات 1975-1980، أما الجزء المخيلي-سمالوس-الخروبة فقد عُبد بين السنوات 1980-1985.

كانت المسافة ما بين مدينتي طبرق وبنغازي حوالي 475 كم عبر الطريق الساحلي الليبي، ولكن هذه المسافة تم اختصارها إلى 454 كم بعد تعبيد هذا الطريق، وأصبح أساسياً في النقل ما بين المدينتين. يمكن تقليص هذه المسافة إلى 410 كم تقريباً في حال تعبيد طريق الخروبة-الأبيار.

مراجع
 أمانة التخطيط، "الأطلس الوطني للجماهيرية..."، طرابلس، 1978.
 الأطلس التعليمي، 1984.

الخروبة-التميمي

طريق الخروبة–التميمي


أمانيه هو ثالث ألبوم للفنانة البنانية ديانا حداد، أُصدر الألبوم في عام 1998، ألبوم أمانيه كان رائعاً بكل ماتحمله الكلمة من معنى، يتميز الألبوم بإبراز العديد من الألوان والأنواع المختلفة من الموسيقى التي لم تعرضها ديانا من قبل
الالبوم يعتبر من أنجح واقوي الالبومات التي صدرت خلال التسعينات من القرن الماضي، الالبوم حقق الرقم الصعب وتجاوز المليون نسخة من حيث المبيعات، وتم ترجمة أغنية امانية للغات عديدة بعد نجاحهاً عربياً، وقدمت شركة الخيول منتجة الالبوم الأسطوانة للمرة الثالثة لتحقيق الالبوم مبيعات عالية جداً، وهي الاسطوانة الثالثة علي التوالي لحداد بعد الالبوم ساكن وياهل العشق.

ألبومات 1998
ألبومات ديانا حداد

أمانيه (ألبوم)


Gerhard «Gerd» Müller (fæddur 3. nóvember árið 1945 í Nördlingen; d. 15. agust 2021) var þýskur fyrrverandi knattspyrnumaður.

Müller skoraði mörg mörk, bæði fyrir Bayern München og þýska landsliðið. Hann skoraði 68 mörk í 62 landsleikjum og í Bundesligunni skoraði hann 365 mörk í 427 leikjum sem gerir hann markahæsta mann toppdeildarinnar. Hann hefur stundum verið kallaður "der Bomber (der Nation)" og "Kleines Dickes Müller". Hann lést árið 2021.

Viðurkenningar

Bayern München
 Þýska úrvalsdeildin: 1969, 1972, 1973, 1974
 Þýska bikarkeppnin: 1966, 1967, 1969, 1971
 Meistaradeild Evrópu: 1974, 1975, 1976
 Evrópukeppni bikarhafa: 1967

Titlar unnir með þýska Landsliðinu
 EM 1972 Evrópumeistari
 HM 1974 Heimsmeistari

Markakóngstitlar
 Markakóngur í Þýsku úrvalsdeildinni: 1967, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1978
 Markakóngur Evrópu (Evrópski gullskórinn): 1970, 1972
 Markakóngur HM 1970
 Markakóngur EM 1972
 Gullknötturinn (Ballon d'Or) 1970

Þýskir knattspyrnumenn

Gerd Müller


Quo vadis homo sapiens este un film românesc din 1982 regizat de Ion Popescu Gopo.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1982 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1982
Filme de animație

Quo vadis homo sapiens


Vácegres é um município da Hungria, situado no condado de Peste. Tem  de área e sua população em 2015 foi estimada em 843 habitantes.

Localidades de Peste (condado)

Vácegres


Den Andra er en eksperimentalfilm instrueret af Mia Hemborg, Ulrika Kärnborg efter manuskript af Mia Hemborg.

Handling
Filmen försöker gestalta en kvinnas sinnestillstånd. Hon upplever en splittrad verklighet dar den inre verkligheten flyter ihop med den yttre.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1993

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark

Den Andra


Bekâret, genel anlayışa göre tecrübesizlikten kaynaklanan duygusal bir saflığı ifade etmek için kullanılır. Geleneksel olarak ise, hiç cinsel ilişki yaşamamış, veya kızlık zarında değişiklik yaşanmadan (örneğin oral seks, anal seks, kızlık zarı zarar görmeden yaşanan vajinal seks gibi) cinsel ilişki yaşamış kadınlar için bakire; herhangi bir doku veya organda yaşanacak değişim ile ilişkilendirilmemekle beraber, herhangi bir cinsel ilişki yaşamamış erkekler için bakir kelimeleri kullanılır.

Bekâret, evlilikten önce seksi yasaklayan dini inanışlara sahip kapalı toplumlarda değer yargısı olarak benimsenir. Herhangi bir cinsel ilişkiye girmeden cinsiyet değiştiren kişiler için geçerliliğine dair yaygın herhangi bir bilgi yoktur.

Erkeklerde bekâret
Erkek cinsel organı, bakirliğini ispatlayacak veya gösterecek bir yapıdan yoksundur. Kimi toplumlarda erkeklerin bakir olması, toplumdaki konumu ve karşı cinsle ilişkileri açısından engelleyici bir özellik taşımazken diğer toplumlarda erkeğin de kadın gibi evlenene kadar bekâretini koruması beklenir. Örneğin İslam dininde, evlilik dışı ilişkiler yasaklandığı için evlenmemiş bir erkeğin bakir olması emredilir. Katoliklerde kendini kiliseye adayan bazı din adamları "bakirlik/bekaret yemini" ederler.

Kadınlarda bekâret

Kadın-erkek eşitliğine önem veren toplumlarda kadınlarda evlilik öncesi bekâretin sonlanması sorun olarak görülmemektedir. Ancak kadının ikinci planda olduğu erkekegemen toplumlarda bekâretin sonlanması ayıp karşılanır ve yasaklanır. Bu durum erkekegemen toplumlardaki kadınlarda gerek fizyolojik gerekse toplumsal baskı yaratır.

Kızlık zarı ve bekâret
Kızlık zarı (hymen), kadınlarda arka vajina (colpos) duvarından başlayarak ostlum vaginaya uzanan, vajina girişini yer yer kapatan mukoza kıvrımıdır. Vulvadan (pundendum femininum), yani kadın dış genital organlarından vajina ağzını ayırır. Bu doku genellikle ilk vajinal cinsel ilişki sırasında anatomik yapıya göre esneyip genişler veya laserasyona uğrar ve kanar. Bu sebepten pek çok toplumda kızlık zarı ile kadının bekâreti ilişkilendirilir. Kızlık zarının hasara uğramış olması kadında bekâretin bozulduğuna kanıt olarak görülür.

Bu ilişki sırasında şayet kızlık zarı vajina girişini örtüyorsa penetrasyonun etkisi ile hasara uğrayarak kanar. Bu olaya halk arasında "kızlığın bozulması" adı verilir. Bu nedenle yaygın bir kanı olarak ilk ilişki sırasında kanamanın olması beklenir. İlk ilişki sırasında kanamanın olmaması yine kızlığın ve bekâretin bozulmuş olması olarak değerlendirilir.

Bazı hallerde kızlık zarı ilk cinsel ilişkiden sonra kaybolurken bazen de carunculae hymenalis denen kalıntılar şeklinde kalabilir. Kızlık zarı kişiye göre çeşitlilik gösterir. Bazı durumlarda vajina girişi oldukça açık olmasına rağmen bazen de kızlık zarı vajina girişini tamamen kapatarak sıvı giriş çıkışına veya cinsel ilişkiye engel olmaya kadar varabilen tıbbi bir rahatsızlığa yol açar (imperforate hymen). Kızlık zarı, bu anatomik farklılıklardan dolayı bekârete ya da bekâretin olmayışına kesin bir kanıt olmaktan uzaktır. Kızlık zarı doğuştan olmayabilir, esnek yahut yırtılma ve kanamaya sebep vermeyecek kadar açık olabilir, hatta kazalar, düşme, spor ve bazı fiziksel aktiviteler sonucu hasar görmüş olabilir.

Kadında bekâretin toplumsal bir tabu olarak görüldüğü toplumlarda ve ülkelerde evlilik öncesi cinsel ilişkiye giren kadınlar evlenmeden önce bâkire olduklarını kanıtlayabilmek ve toplumsal kabul görmek için hasara uğramış olan kızlık zarını restore ettirme yoluna gitmektedirler. Bu işleme halk arasında "zar diktirtme" adı verilir ve cinsel ilişkiye girilmeden 1-2 gün önce yapılır. Bu işlemde, hymen'in zorlanması halinde kanama yapması sağlanır. Ancak hymen bir zar, bütünlüğü olan bir duvar olmadığı için kelime anlamıyla dikmek, tıbbi anlamda eski haline getirmek söz konusu değildir.

Mitoloji
Mitolojide bekâret, saflığı ve insanın kendini dizginlemesini gösterir ve Yunan tanrıçaları Athena, Artemis ve Hestia gibi figürlerin önemli karakteristiğini oluşturur. Neopagan gelenekte Tanrıça Üçlemesi Kuramı'nda yer alan üç tanrıçadan biri bâkiredir.

Dinler

İbrahimi dinler

Hristiyanlık
Hristiyanlıkta evlilikten önce cinsel ilişkiye girmek bekâretin bozulması anlamına gelir ve yasaklanmıştır. Kutsal Kitap evlilik öncesi her türlü ilişkiyi sıkı biçimde yasaklar. Bir adamın evli olmadığı bir kadını arzulaması da zina kapsamına girer. Matta 5:27-28 buna bir örnektir: "'Zina etmeyeceksin' dendiğini duydunuz. Ama ben size diyorum ki, bir kadına şehvetle bakan her adam, yüreğinde o kadınla zina etmiş olur."

İslam
İslam dini evlilikten önce cinsel ilişkiye girmeyi yasaklar. İslam'da evlilik dışı serbest cinsel ilişki, zina ve fuhuş olarak adlandırılır. Zina büyük günahlardan biri sayılır. İsra Suresi'nde (17/32) "Zinaya yaklaşmayın. Çünkü o son derece çirkin bir iştir ve kötü bir yoldur" denmesi buna örnektir.

İslam'da erkeğin bekâreti
İslam'da erkeğin bekaretine dair bilgi, evlenmeden önce cinsel ilişkiye girmeyi yasaklamakla sınırlıdır. Hadislerde erkeğin bekâretine dair bir bilgiye rastlanmaz.

İslam'da kadının bekâreti
İslam'da kadının bekâretine dair 'Utbe ibni 'Uveym'dan nakledilen bir hadiste Muhammed şöyle söylemiştir: "Evlenmek için bâkire kızları tercih ediniz. Çünkü onlar daha tatlı dilli, kocayı daha fazla tatmin edici ve daha aza kanaat edicidirler." Cabir isimli bir sahabeden rivayet edilmiştir: "Evlendiğim zaman Resûlullah bana: 'Nasıl biriyle evlendin (dulla mı bakire ile mi?)' diye sordular. 'Bir dul aldım!' dedim. 'Niye bakire değil? O senin sen de onunla mülâtefe ederdiniz!' buyurdular."

Yahudilik

Evlilikten önce cinsel ilişkiye girmek Yahudilikte yasaktır. Yahudilikte evlilikte bekaret aranır. Bakire olmayanlar baba evine gönderilirler.

Diğer inanışlar

Budizm
Budizmde evlilikten önce cinsel ilişki yaşamak yasak değildir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Kanlı çarşaf geleneği
 Toplumsal cinsiyet
 I. Elizabeth

Dış bağlantılar
 Social, Medical, and Legal Control of Female Sexuality through Construction of Virginity in Turkey - İngilizce - Bekâretin toplumsal, tıbbi ve yasal kurumlar tarafından belirlenmesine ilişkin bir araştırma

Kaynakça

Cinsellik

Bekâret


Polipler (Hydrozoa), yuvarlak ya da düz olan ağzın karşısındaki diğer uçlarıyla bir yere bağlanmış yaşayan, vazo ya da torba biçiminde vücutları olan deniz hayvanlarıdır. Cnidaria (knidliler) şubesinde sınıflandırılırlar.

Dış vücut duvarları ektoderm, iç vücut duvarları endoderm tabakasından oluşur. Çoğunun ağız çevresinde tentaküller bulunur. Besinler, bu tentaküller aracılığıyla yakalanıp ağza iletilir.

Hücre içi ve hücre dışı sindirim yaparlar. Ağımsı yapıda sinir sistemine sahiptirler. Poliplerde eşeyli ve eşeysiz üreme görülebilir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Medüzler

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Richard Owen tarafından adlandırılmış taksonlar

Polip (zooloji)


Avesnes-sur-Helpe (; ), Picard: Avinne-su-Helpe) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the Nord department. It is situated 14 km from the Belgian border, and 18 km south of Maubeuge, the nearest larger town. The river Helpe Majeure, a tributary of the Sambre, flows through the town. Upstream of Avesnes on the river there is the Lac du Val-Joly, an artificial lake.

History
Avesnes was founded in the 11th century. The first known lord was Wedric II of Avesnes (born about 990), son of Wedric I de Morvois. The house of Avesnes played an important role in the low countries, including several Counts of Holland.  It was destroyed by Louis XI in 1477 after his victory in the Burgundian Wars. Historically a part of the County of Hainaut, it became French in 1659 as a result of the Treaty of the Pyrenees, and was fortified by Vauban, although it was captured by Prussia in 1815.

Avesnes was heavily fortified, with fortifications that were continually modernised, from the 11th century up until 1867 when its fortifications, like those of other isolated bastions, were deemed to be redundant. In the 1870 some of the fortifications were demolished to allow easier access to the town.

Population

Culture
Many of the buildings on the main streets in this town are made of dimension stone, like the 200 ft bell tower of the main church, St Nicholas, which dates from the 16th century.

The Tour de France race cycled through town in its 1999 progression around France.

The region of Avesnes-Sur-Helpe is known for its distinctive cheeses: the Maroilles cheese and also the "boule d'Avesnes", a local cone-shaped red cheese that is coated in paprika.

The high school in the region is the Lycée Jesse de Forest, named for an Avesnes native son who was responsible for the earliest settlement of the Dutch and Huguenots in what is now New York.

Heraldry

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Communes of Nord (French department)
Subprefectures in France
Vauban fortifications in France

Avesnes-sur-Helpe


Norman Garstin (28 August 1847 – 22 June 1926) was an Irish artist, teacher, art critic and journalist associated with the Newlyn School of painters. After completing his studies in Antwerp and Paris, Garstin travelled around Europe and painted some of his first professional paintings while on the journey. He later took students to Europe to some of his favourite places.

Garstin painted plein air and was influenced by Impressionism, Japanese works and James McNeill Whistler. Some of his works are at Tate and Penlee House. Garstin was a founding member of the Newlyn Art Gallery. His daughter, Alethea, was also a Newlyn School artist.

Personal life
He was born 28 August 1847 in Caherconlish, County Limerick, Ireland to Captain William Garstin and Mary Moore Garstin. He was raised by aunts and grandparents following his father's suicide and his mother's incapacitating disabilities.

Garstin attended Victoria College on the island of Jersey and then he worked in architecture and engineering for brief periods. He then travelled to South Africa where he befriended Cecil Rhodes, worked as a journalist and was involved in government in Cape Town.

Pursuing an interest in art, Garstin trained in 1880 in Antwerp at the Royal Academy. From 1882 to 1884 he studied in Paris at an academy founded by Carolus-Duran. He then travelled and painted his way through Spain, Morocco and Venice, Italy.

In 1886, he married Louisa Jones, also known as Dochie. Many of Garstin's friends from school in Antwerp had settled in Newlyn; Garstin and Dochie moved to Mount Vernon in Newlyn by 1886. They had three children: Crosbie, Denis and Alethea. The boys took up journalism and Alethea became an artist. The family moved to Penzance by 1895.

On 22 June 1926, Garstin died in Penzance.

Career
Garstin worked as a painter, teacher, art critic and journalist. As printed in 100 Years in Newlyn, Norman Garstin was:
He was a man of intensely individual impulses and opinions, and incurred unpopularity at times through his views on war and other topics. But he was a stimulating teacher and a shrewd critic, and had a true eye for a picture with old architecture and historic atmosphere, as well as a brush capable of rendering his intentions with right effect.

In 1888 he became a member of the New English Art Club (NEAC).  Garstin became a member of the Newlyn Society of Artists (NSA) and was on the Newlyn Art Gallery's Provisional Committee for its opening in 1895. Garstin said of the plein-air approach used by St Ives and Newlyn artists: They were "filled with this idea of a fresh unarranged nature to be studied in her fields, and by her streams, and on the margin of her great seas – in these things they were to find the motives of their art."

He was a teacher and took groups to "his favorite painting haunts on the Continent." For instance, Frances Hodgkins, a New Zealand artist, attended Garstin's 1901 and 1902 summer sketching classes in France. He taught Harold Harvey, the only Cornish Newlyn School painter, and his daughter, Alethea.

Works
His work consisted primarily of small oil panels in the plein air style, something he had picked up from the French Impressionists, like Manet. He was also fascinated by Japanese prints and admired the work of the American painter James McNeill Whistler.

One of his best and most famous works is his 1889 painting The Rain, it raineth every day of the Penzance promenade. The title of the work comes from Shakespeare's King Lear and Twelfth Night. "The composition of this painting demonstrates Garstin's admiration for Japanese art," says Penlee House.

A partial list of his works includes:
 Crosbie Garstin as a Baby, 1887, oil on canvas, Penlee House, loan from Newlyn Art Gallery
 In a Cottage by the Sea, 1887, oil on canvas, Penlee House, loan from Newlyn Art Gallery
 The Drinking Pool, 1887, watercolour
 The Rain, it raineth every day, 1889, oil on canvas
 A View of Newlyn from the North Pier, c. 1892, oil on canvas, Penlee House, loan from Newlyn Art Gallery
 Houses and Boats, oil on panel, Penlee House, loan from Newlyn Art Gallery
 Market Jew Street, oil on panel, Penlee House, loan from Newlyn Art Gallery
 Saturday (an Interior View of Garstin's Home), oil on panel, Penlee House, loan from Newlyn Art Gallery

Gallery

Notes

References

Further reading

 Richard Pryke. Norman Garstin: Irishman & Newlyn artist. Spire Books Ltd; 2005. .

External links

 Mount's Bay and Tolcarne from Trewidden Farm Footpath with Alethea and her Mother, Tate
 Haycocks and Sun, Tate

1847 births
1926 deaths
19th-century Irish painters
20th-century Irish painters
Irish journalists
Irish male painters
Newlyn School of Artists
Artists from County Limerick
19th-century Irish male artists
20th-century Irish male artists

Norman Garstin


The third and current HMS Argyll is a Type 23 Duke-class frigate. She is currently the oldest serving Type 23 frigate in the Royal Navy. Like all of her class she is named after a British dukedom, in this case that of Argyll. HMS Argyll was laid down in March 1987 by Yarrow Shipbuilders at Glasgow, and launched in 1989 by Lady Wendy Levene, sponsored by the Worshipful Company of Paviors. She was commissioned in May 1991. Argyll is currently based at HMNB Devonport.

Argyll is the first Type 23 to be fitted with the new Sea Ceptor missile system. The ship, like her sisters HMS Monmouth, HMS Montrose, HMS Lancaster and HMS Iron Duke, did not receive the new Sonar 2087 upgrade that other frigates of the class subsequently received. Therefore she is regarded as a "general purpose" frigate without the more specialized anti-submarine capability of the other eight ships in the Type 23 fleet.

She had been scheduled to be withdrawn from service in 2023. However, in 2021 in a written answer provided to the House of Commons Select Defence Committee, the First Sea Lord, Admiral Tony Radakin, suggested that older Type 23 frigates would be retained in service longer than anticipated in order to ensure that total escort numbers did not fall below 17 ships (6 destroyers and 11 frigates) and start to rise above 19 escorts starting in 2026. If confirmed, this would mean that the older Type 23 frigates, such as Argyll, would have their anticipated service lives extended significantly. In May 2022 she entered dry dock for an 18-month refit with the intent of extending her service life until about 2027-28.

Operational history

1991–2000
On 26 March 1994, Argyll's Lynx helicopter crashed into the sea off Andros Island in the West Indies while practising for an air display. The crew escaped and were rescued but the aircraft was unrecoverable after sinking in 5,000ft of water.

In 2000, Argyll was part of the Royal Navy task force – Task Group 342.01 – comprising , , , , and four RFA ships – that deployed to Sierra Leone as part of the British military intervention in the Sierra Leone civil war. During those operations, Argyll acted as the West African Guardship and remained off West Africa until September 2000. Throughout this period Argyll operated with her Lynx HMA Mk 8 helicopter. The Lynx undertook daily patrols and searches. The Lynx was instrumental to the successful completion of Operation Barras. During her deployment, the helicopter was scrambled to search for a missing passenger ferry. The aircraft's crew quickly located the vessel and provided escort for Argyll. Argyll saved fifty-eight lives from drowning. She was relieved by her sister-ship  in September. During this incident Argyll, assisted by HMS Ocean, laid the foundation for the Iron Duke Community School. This is a school for orphans in Freetown. President Kabbah of Sierra Leone decreed the school be named after the crew of  for completing the construction of the six classrooms.

2001–2010
In 2001, while in the Bay of Biscay, Argyll suffered an electrical fire that was quickly put out by the ship's damage control team, with the ship suffering only minimal damage.

Argyll completed a six-month deployment to the Persian Gulf protecting two oil platforms, working with the American, Australian and Iraqi Navies from February to August 2005. The ship made a short visit to Boulogne, then to its home port of Inveraray and finally to Liverpool, before undergoing Operational Sea Trials. Argyll successfully completed Operational Sea Training and acted as a contingency platform whilst the Queen spent a week sailing on the  in July 2006.

In September 2006 Argyll was deployed along with other ships such as  and  where she completed two drugs raids on merchant ships totalling . They completed their operation in November of the same year.

In October 2007 Argyll returned to the Persian Gulf to take over from her sister-ship, .

Thursday 3 April 2008 saw more than 500 friends and relatives welcome HMS Argyll as she returned to her home at Devonport after a deployment lasting six months in the Northern Persian Gulf. This was Argylls second Gulf deployment to Combined Task Force (CTF) 150 in three years. This deployment included one patrol which lasted 52 days from January to March 2008. HMS Argyll was also at the 'Meet Your Navy' exhibition at HMNB Portsmouth 2008.

6 May 2008 saw the crew return to Argyll, with the crew bidding their commanding officer of seven months, Commander Gavin Pritchard, a fond farewell. Pritchard was succeeded by Commander Peter Olive. Argyll was then to engage in a period of trials and training before entering a period of maintenance in June.

11 May 2008 saw the Trans-Atlantic solo yacht race in Plymouth Sound started by the ceremonial cannon aboard Argyll. Dame Ellen MacArthur also attended the start of the race and Rear Admiral Richard Ibbotson, head of the Flag Officer Sea Training organisation, was also on board Argyll.

On 21 July 2008 Argyll led the parade of tall ships out of Liverpool ahead of the Tall Ships Race starting 23 July.

On 18 February 2009, Argyll sailed from Devonport as part of the Taurus 09 deployment under Commander UK Amphibious Task Group, Commodore Peter Hudson, She was joined on this deployment by Landing Platform Dock , as Hudson's flagship, Landing Platform Helicopter (LPH) , Type 23 frigate  and four ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. Argyll returned to Devonport on 17 April from this deployment.

In early October 2010, Argyll and her crew arrived in Plymouth last week after an 11-month refit which included 290,000-man-hours spent on modifications, upgrades and improvements." She has received a new command system, upgrades to Sea Wolf, the Mod1 4.5-inch (114mm) gun, and mounts for new small calibre guns. She was also given new boat-launching equipment. "The refit included the replacing of two of the vessel's four diesel generators and one of her gas turbine engines." Her ventilation system has been improved. "Along with fresh paint on the upper decks she has been coated below the waterline with a special paint to prevent the build-up of sea life which would slow the ship. This also makes her more fuel-efficient." HMS Argyll was the first Type 23 frigate to undergo a second major refit.

From 2011

On Sunday 22 January 2012 it was announced that Argyll was part of a six-ship convoy which sailed through the Strait of Hormuz alongside French and United States Navy vessels, during a diplomatic dispute with Iran. In a period after this she engaged in Exercise 'Goalkeeper' whilst still in the Middle East.

On 30 June 2012, Armed Forces Day, she fired the salute in Plymouth as part of a steampast alongside , the Earl of Wessex was in attendance alongside the First Sea Lord.

In 2013, she served a seven-month deployment to the Atlantic, having visited South Africa. She also engaged in counter-narcotics work in the Eastern Pacific by travelling around Cape Horn and headed back to her home port via the Panama Canal.

In March 2014, she accidentally fired a test (unarmed) torpedo whilst training at Devonport, there were no injuries and minimal damage.

On 30 June 2014, she arrived in Hamilton, Bermuda for a three-day visit as part of her deployment to the North Atlantic and Caribbean.

She arrived in Baltimore, Maryland, US on 11 September 2014 to participate in ceremonies commemorating the 200th anniversary of the Star Spangled Banner.

On Thursday 25 September 2014, she arrived in Veracruz.

On 6 October 2014, HMS Argyll visited George Town, Grand Cayman, after having been on counter-narcotics deployment in August 2014 as part of Operation Martillo.
From 9 to 13 October 2014 HMS Argyll paid an official visit to the Dominican Republic during the course of which her flight deck hosted the baptism of Stefania Rozsa, daughter of the British Ambassador.
On 18 October 2014, she arrived in Bermuda to provide assistance in the aftermath of Hurricane Gonzalo.

In 2014, a Lynx from Argyll identified a suspicious yacht in the Caribbean Sea, and a detachment of the U.S. Coast Guard operating from Argyll seized $16 million worth of cocaine found on the yacht. The group had seized an even larger shipment earlier on the same deployment.

In 2015, Argyll underwent an extended Life Extension (LIFEX) refit in Devonport; she returned to sea in February 2017 with a new principal weapon system, Sea Ceptor, and numerous modifications and alterations to her accommodation and working spaces. Argyll acted as the trials vessel for Sea Ceptor prior to resuming her operational duties and it was announced in September 2017 that she had undertaken the first firings of the new system earlier in the summer off the west coast of Scotland.

In 2017, it was announced that Argyll would be sent to join military exercises in the Asia Pacific with the Five Power Defence Arrangements partners and also the Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force. Part of her mission is "to continue the pressure campaign on North Korea".

On 11 March 2019, Argyll rescued a 27-strong crew from a burning container vessel Grande America 150 miles off the coast of France.

On 15 March 2019 the ship returned to HMNB Devonport after a nine-month deployment to Southeast Asia.

On 11 September 2019 it demonstrated the use of an autonomous PAC24 unmanned surface vehicle, a modified version of the boat the ship already carries, at the Defence and Security Equipment International 2019 exhibition. Also involved in the demonstration was an additional autonomous boat: the MAST-13.

In May 2022, Argyll became the first Type 23 to have undergone a LIFEX refit to undergo a subsequent major upkeep period, which saw the ship dry-docked for an extended period to enable it to be retained in service until around 2027-28, when it is intended to be replaced by either  or .

In 2022, Argyll spent 21 days at sea.

Related images

Affiliations
HMS Argyll is affiliated with:
 His Grace, The Duke of Argyll
 The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, 5th Battalion Royal Regiment of Scotland
 No. 47 Squadron RAF
 Argyll and Bute District Council

 City of Glasgow
 Worshipful Company of Paviors
 Plymouth Argyle F.C.
 Lady Levene, the ship's sponsor
  RNR
 Royal Naval Club, Argyll
 Royal Naval Association Stirling
 TS Argyll – Irvine & District Sea Cadets
 City of London Sea Cadets
 Mount Kelly, Devon
 Dollar Academy, Clackmannanshire
 High School of Glasgow
 Argyll Ward, Derriford Hospital

In July 2017, GB Railfreight named a Class 66 locomotive Argyll in honour of HMS Argyll in a ceremony at Devonport.

References

External links

Frigates of the United Kingdom
History of Argyll and Bute
Ships built on the River Clyde
1989 ships
Type 23 frigates of the Royal Navy

HMS Argyll (F231)


Czech Connect Airlines era uma companhia aérea checa com sede em Ostrava. Sua base principal era o Aeroporto de Brno.

História
A Czech Connect Airlines foi fundada em 2011. Operou voos regulares para a Rússia e CES; e voos charter para agências de viagens para vários destinos populares de verão.

Em janeiro de 2012, a empresa anunciou falência e encerrou suas atividades.

Destinos

Frota

A frota da Czech Connect Airlines consistia nas seguintes aeronaves (Julho de 2011):

Ver também

 Lista de companhias aéreas fora de operação

Ligações externas

Empresas aéreas extintas em 2012
Empresas aéreas fundadas em 2011

Czech Connect Airlines


Tumbez (Tumpí), danas nestali indijanski narod klasificiran porodici Atalán. Tumbezi su živjeli na južnoj obali zaljeva Guayaquil, na jug sve do ušća rijeke Chira. U vrijeme dolaska Španjolaca oni su već bili pokoreni od Inka, tako da je malo poznato o njihovom izvornom životu. Prema tradiciji Inka oni su bili ljudožderi prije nego što su uklopljeni u carstvo te države.

Prema Oviedu odjeća Tumbeza bila je tipična za tamošnja obalna plemena. Sastojala se od kratke košulje i pregaće, dok su žene nosile duge suknje i ukrašavale se chaquira–perlicama.

Izvori

Atalán
Ekvadorski Indijanci
Indijanska plemena

Tumbez


A Superliga Brasileira de Voleibol Feminino de 2022–23 - Série A foi a 28.ª edição desta competição organizada pela Confederação Brasileira de Voleibol através da Unidade de Competições Nacionais. Também foi a 44.ª edição do Campeonato Brasileiro de Voleibol Feminino, a principal competição entre clubes de voleibol feminino do Brasil. Participaram do torneio doze equipes provenientes de cinco estados brasileiros (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Paraná e Santa Catarina) e do Distrito Federal.

Regulamento
A fase classificatória da competição foi disputada por doze equipes em dois turnos. Em cada turno, todos os times jogaram entre si uma única vez. Os jogos do segundo turno foram realizados na mesma ordem do primeiro, apenas com o mando de quadra invertido.

Os oito clubes primeiros colocados se classificaram para os play-offs. Nesta fase, a vitória por 3-0 ou 3-1 garantiu três pontos para o ganhador e nenhum ponto para o perdedor. Já com o placar de 3-2, o ganhador da partida somou dois pontos e o perdedor um. Os dois últimos colocados foram rebaixados para a Série B 2023.

Na seguinte ordem foram os critérios de desempate: número de vitórias, sets average, pontos average; confronto direto (no caso de empate entre duas equipes) e por último sorteio. Os play-offs foram divididos em três fases: quartas de final, semifinais e final.

Nas quartas de final houve um cruzamento entre as equipes com os melhores índices técnicos seguindo a lógica: 1ª x 8ª (A); 2ª x 7ª(B); 3ª x 6ª(C) e 4ª x 5ª(D). Estas jogaram partidas em melhor de 3 (jogos), sendo um mando de campo para cada e o jogo de desempate, caso necessário, no ginásio da equipe com o melhor índice técnico da fase classificatória.

As semifinais foram disputadas pelas equipes que passaram das quartas de final, seguindo a lógica: vencedora do duelo A x vencedora do duelo D; vencedora do duelo B x vencedora do duelo C. Estas jogaram novamente partidas em melhor de 3 (jogos), sendo um mando de campo para cada e o jogo de desempate, caso necessário, no ginásio da equipe com o melhor índice técnico da fase classificatória.

Nas quartas de final e semifinais, o primeiro jogo da série é na casa com pior índice técnico da fase classificatória.As vencedoras se classificaram para a final, que foi por melhor de 3 jogos, no Ginásio Sabiazinho, em Uberlândia. A terceira e a quarta colocações foram definidas pelo melhor índice técnico da fase classificatória.

Os sets do torneio são disputados até 25 pontos com a diferença mínima de dois pontos (com exceção do quinto set, cujo vencedor é a equipe que faz 15 pontos com pelo menos dois de diferença).

Equipes participantes
Doze equipes participam da Superliga Feminina de 2022/23. São elas:

Classificação

 Vitória por 3 sets a 0 ou 3 a 1: 3 pontos para o vencedor;
 Vitória por 3 sets a 2: 2 pontos para o vencedor e 1 ponto para o perdedor.
 Não comparecimento, a equipe perde 2 pontos.
 Em caso de igualdade por pontos, os seguintes critérios servem como desempate: número de vitórias, razão de sets e razão de ralis.

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Turno

 Local: Os times que estão ao lado esquerdo da tabela jogam em casa.

1ª Rodada

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2ª Rodada

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3ª Rodada

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4ª Rodada

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5ª Rodada

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6ª Rodada

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7ª Rodada

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8ª Rodada

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9ª Rodada

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10ª Rodada

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11ª Rodada

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Returno

 Local: Os times que estão ao lado esquerdo da tabela jogam em casa.

1ª Rodada

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2ª Rodada

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3ª Rodada

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4ª Rodada

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5ª Rodada

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6ª Rodada

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7ª Rodada

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10ª Rodada

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11ª Rodada

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Playoffs
 Quartas de final

|-
! colspan="12"|1º x 8º

|-
! colspan="12"| 2º x 7º

|-
! colspan="12"| 3º x 6º

|-
! colspan="12"| 4º x 5º

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 Semifinais

|-
! colspan="12"|1º x 4º

|-
! colspan="12"|2º x 3º

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 Final

|-
! colspan="12"|1º x 3º

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Premiações

Seleção da Superliga
As atletas que se destacaram individualmente foram:

Classificação final

Estatísticas

Maior Pontuadora

Todos os pontos marcados | Fonte: CBV

Melhor Bloqueadora

Pontos marcados com bloqueios vencedores | Fonte: CBV

Melhor Sacadora

Pontos marcados no saque ace | Fonte: CBV

Ver também
 Superliga Brasileira de Voleibol Masculino de 2022–23 - Série A

A
Campeonato Brasileiro de Voleibol Feminino
2022 no voleibol
2023 no voleibol
Esporte no Brasil em 2022
Esporte no Brasil em 2023
Voleibol de 2022 no Brasil
Voleibol de 2023 no Brasil


فيصل بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود الابن الأول والبكر للإمام عبد الرحمن بن فيصل بن تركي آل سعود آخر حكام الدولة السعودية الثانية، وشقيق عبد العزيز آل سعود مؤسس المملكة العربية السعودية.

نسبه
هو فيصل بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل بن تركي بن عبد الله بن محمد بن سعود بن محمد بن مقرن بن مرخان بن إبراهيم بن موسى بن ربيعة بن مانع بن ربيعة المريدي، والمردة من حنيفة من بكر بن وائل بن قاسط الذي ينتهي في ربيعة بن نزار بن معد بن عدنان.

حياته
ولد في مدينة الرياض سنة 1271هـ الموافقة لسنة 1870م، والده عبد الرحمن بن فيصل بن تركي آل سعود وأمه سارة بنت أحمد السديري. هو الوحيد من أبناء الإمام عبد الرحمن بن فيصل الذي ولد في عهد الإمام فيصل بن تركي. قام بإرسال عدد من إخوانه إلى الكويت للدراسة كما تولّى منصب نائب وزير وزارة الحروب السعودية القديمة سنة 1289هـ، وتولّى وزارتها سنة 1304هـ حتى وفاته.

وفاته
توفي أيام قيام والده الإمام عبد الرحمن بن فيصل على الأمير سالم العلي السبهان أمير الرياض في ذو الحجة سنة 1307هـ، وتم دفنه في مقبرة العود.

أخوانه
 فهد بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 خالد بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل بن تركي آل سعود
 تركي بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 عبد العزيز بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 سعد الأول بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 عبد المحسن بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 سعود بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 أحمد بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 مساعد بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود
 سعد الثاني بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل آل سعود

أبناؤه
 سعود بن فيصل بن عبد الرحمن آل سعود

مصادر ومراجع

أبناء عبد الرحمن بن فيصل بن تركي آل سعود
أشخاص من الدولة السعودية الثانية
أمراء سعوديون
تاريخ السعودية العسكري في عقد 1880
مدفونون في مقبرة العود
مواليد 1271 هـ
وزراء حربية سعوديون
وفيات 1307 هـ

فيصل بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل بن تركي آل سعود


Brian Acton, né le , est un développeur informatique américain et un entrepreneur. Il est le directeur exécutif de la , qu'il a cofondée avec Moxie Marlinspike en 2018. Depuis le 10 janvier 2022, il est également PDG par intérim de Signal Messenger LLC.

Auparavant, Acton est employé chez Yahoo! et co-fonde WhatsApp, une application de messagerie mobile. Il quitte WhatsApp en septembre 2017 pour lancer la . Selon Forbes (2020), Acton est la  personne la plus riche du monde, avec une valeur nette de 2,5 milliards de dollars.

Biographie

Enfance et éducation
Brian Acton grandit dans le Michigan, puis s'installe en Floride centrale où il obtient son diplôme du lycée Lake Howell. Il reçoit une bourse complète pour étudier l'ingénierie à l'Université de Pennsylvanie, mais quitte finalement l'établissement au bout d'un an pour étudier à Stanford. Il y obtient un diplôme en informatique en 1994.

En 1992, il devient administrateur système pour Rockwell International, avant de devenir testeur de produits chez Apple et . En 1996, il rejoint Yahoo Inc.

Yahoo!
En 1998, Jan Koum est embauché par Yahoo! en tant qu'ingénieur en infrastructure peu de temps après avoir rencontré Acton alors qu'il travaillait chez  en tant que testeur de sécurité. Au cours des neuf années suivantes, ils travaillent ensemble chez Yahoo avant de quitter l'entreprise ensemble en  pour prendre une année sabbatique.

Acton investit dans le boom Internet et perd des millions dans la bulle Internet de 2000. Avec Koum, il postule, sans succès, pour travailler chez Facebook. En 2009, Koum achète un iPhone et réalisé que l'App Store, alors âgé de seulement , est sur le point de donner naissance à une toute nouvelle industrie des applications. Il rend visite à son ami Alex Fishman et lui parle de développer une application. Koum choisit le nom de WhatsApp et une semaine plus tard il constitua WhatsApp Inc. en Californie.

WhatsApp
En 2014, Koum et Acton vendent WhatsApp à Facebook pour environ  de dollars en espèces et en actions. Forbes estime qu'Acton détenait plus de 20 % du capital de la société, ce qui porte sa valeur nette à environ 3,8 milliards de dollars.

En 2016, Acton mène un tour de financement pour Trak N Tell et lève 3,5 millions de dollars avec  investisseurs.

Un an plus tard, il quitte WhatsApp. Il déclare à Forbes qu'il est parti en raison d'un différend avec Facebook concernant la monétisation de l'application, et a volontairement laissé  de dollars d'options non acquises sur la table en partant quelques mois avant la fin de l'acquisition. Il déclare également avoir été coaché par des cadres de Facebook pour tromper les régulateurs européens concernant l'intention de Facebook de fusionner les données des utilisateurs de Facebook et de WhatsApp.

Signal
Acton a quitté WhatsApp en septembre 2017 pour créer une nouvelle fondation, la Signal Foundation, qui se consacre à aider les gens à accéder à la communication privée via une application de messagerie cryptée. Signal est largement utilisé par les journalistes et les militants des droits de l'homme.

En février 2018, il a été annoncé qu'Acton investissait 50 millions de dollars dans Signal. Ce financement était un prêt de Brian Acton à la nouvelle fondation à but non lucratif Signal Technology. À la fin de l'année 2018, le prêt a augmenté à , qui doit être remboursé le 28 février 2068. Le prêt n'est pas garanti et son taux d'intérêt est de 0 %.

Le 20 mars 2018, Forbes a rapporté qu'Acton avait publiquement tweeté son soutien au mouvement #DeleteFacebook, dans un "nouveau niveau de réaction publique". En novembre 2019, le journaliste Steven Levy a demandé à Acton pourquoi il avait décidé de rendre son ressenti si public. Acton a déclaré qu'il estimait qu'il était temps car des pressions s'exerçaient contre Facebook.

Acton est actuellement membre du conseil d'administration de la Signal Foundation.

Philanthropie
Depuis 2014, Brian Acton et son épouse Tegan Acton ont commencé à construire un réseau philanthropique à travers la fondation Wildcard Giving, avec trois fondations sœurs : Sunlight Giving, Acton Family Giving et Solidarity Giving.

Le couple a lancé Sunlight Giving en 2014, une fondation familiale dédiée à soutenir les services de base des familles à faible revenu avec de jeunes enfants âgés de 0 à 5 ans. Il fournit également un soutien aux espaces sûrs et aux organisations qui garantissent la sécurité alimentaire, la stabilité du logement et l'accès aux soins de santé. La fondation soutient les familles à faible revenu avec des enfants âgés de cinq ans et moins vivant dans la région de la baie de San Francisco. C'est une organisation sœur appartenant à la famille Wildcard Giving. Sunlight Giving possède 470 millions de dollars d'actifs. Il a accordé 6,4 millions de dollars en 2015, 19,2 millions de dollars en 2016 et 23,6 millions de dollars en 2017. Cette fondation privée a aidé à financer Magnify Community, une organisation à but non lucratif dont l'objectif est de rediriger les dons des philanthropes vers des organisations à but non lucratif.

Toujours en 2014, Acton a aidé à établir Acton Family Giving and Solidarity Giving.

En 2019, Forbes a rapporté que Brian Acton et sa femme avaient donné plus d'un milliard de dollars à des causes caritatives au cours de leur vie.

Vie privée
Il est marié à Tegan Acton et réside à Palo Alto, en Californie.

Références

Signataire à l'organisation The Giving Pledge
Étudiant de l'université de Floride centrale
Personnalité d'Apple
Informaticien américain
Milliardaire américain
Pages avec des traductions non relues
Naissance en février 1972
Naissance au Michigan

Brian Acton


Gladys Frazin, auch Gladys Frazin Banks (* 21. Juni 1900 in Chicago, Illinois; † 9. März 1939 in Manhattan, New York) war eine US-amerikanische Film- und Theaterschauspielerin.

Leben und Wirken
Gladys Frazin war eines von vier Kindern von Louis und Sallye Frazin (geb. Gelder). Sie war viermal verheiratet: Mit 17 Jahren heiratete sie am 17. September 1917 Leo Lowenstein, einen New Yorker Geschäftsmann, mit dem sie ihr einziges Kind, Montague "Leo" Lowenstein, Jr. (1920–2003) hatte. Die Ehe wurde 1921 geschieden. Ihre am 13. Dezember 1924 geschlossene Ehe mit Harris Augustine Gilmore hielt nur wenige Monate, die Ehe mit dem fast zwanzig Jahre älteren Antiquitätenhändler Richard W. Lehne vom 10. April 1929 sogar nur einen Monat. Ihre vierte und letzte Ehe schloss sie am 20. September 1929 mit dem Komiker Monty Banks, den sie in London kennengelernt hatte. Die Ehe wurde 1932 auf sein Betreiben geschieden.

Sie spielte Theater, vor allem am Broadway, aber auch in London, und soll 1924 sogar an der Comédie-Française aufgetreten sein. Zu ihren großen Theaterrollen gehören Auftritte in den Broadwaystücken The Marked Woman, The Whole Town's talking, Antonio und White Cargo. In London spielte sie in den Stücken The Trial of Mary Dugan, The Woman in Room 13, On the Spot und Marriage Is No Joke.

Ihre große Zeit als Filmschauspielerin war die Stummfilmzeit und der frühe Tonfilm. Insgesamt hat sie jedoch nur 9 Filme gedreht, teils in den Vereinigten Staaten, teils in England. Die bekanntesten Schauspieler, mit denen sie drehte, waren Lou Tellegen und ihr Ehemann Monty Banks. In ihrem letzten Film ist auch die ungarische Schauspielerin Marika Rökk als Tänzerin zu sehen.

Am 9. März 1939 beging die unter Depressionen leidende Schauspielerin, die bereits 1932 einen Nervenzusammenbruch erlitten hatte, mit 38 Jahren Suizid, indem sie sich aus einem Fenster der im sechsten Stock gelegenen Wohnung ihrer Eltern in New York stürzte.

Filmografie
 1924: Let Not Man Put Asunder
 1927: The Winning Oar
 1928: The Blue Peter
 1928: Inspiration
 1928: Spangles
 1929: The Return of the Rat
 1930: The Compulsory Husband (deutscher Titel: Liebestoll)
 1931: The Other Woman
 1932: Kiss Me, Sergeant

Weblinks

 Obituaries: Gladys Frazin Banks. In: Variety, 15. März 1939, S. 54, Sp. 1 (Digitalisat)

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Stummfilmschauspieler
Theaterschauspieler
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1900
Gestorben 1939
Frau

Gladys Frazin


Huberia espiritosantensis é uma espécie de planta do gênero Huberia e da família Melastomataceae.

Taxonomia
A espécie foi descrita em 1998 por José Fernando A. Baumgratz.

Forma de vida
É uma espécie terrícola e arbórea.

Descrição

Conservação
A espécie faz parte da Lista Vermelha das espécies ameaçadas do estado do Espírito Santo, no sudeste do Brasil. A lista foi publicada em 13 de junho de 2005 por intermédio do decreto estadual nº 1.499-R.

Distribuição
A espécie é encontrada no estado brasileiro de Espírito Santo.
Em termos ecológicos, é encontrada no domínio fitogeográfico de Mata Atlântica, em regiões com vegetação de floresta ombrófila pluvial.

Notas
Contém texto em CC-BY-SA 4.0 de Baumgratz, J.F.A.; Goldenberg, R.; Michelangeli, F.A. Huberia  in Flora e Funga do Brasil.

Ligações externas
 Huberia espiritosantensis no projeto Flora e Funga do Brasil
 Huberia espiritosantensis no portal do Centro Nacional de Conservação da Flora (Brasil)

Melastomataceae
Huberia
Plantas descritas em 1998
Flora do Brasil
Flora do Espírito Santo (estado)

Huberia espiritosantensis


Vicariatul General al Bucovinei a fost un vicariat general romano-catolic din Bucovina, creat în 1921 la Cernăuți ca urmare a unirii Bucovinei cu România. Teritoriul administrat de vicariat a inclus trei decanate: Cernăuți, Rădăuți și Suceava, find integrat în 1930 celui administrat de Episcopia Romano-Catolică de Iași.

Premise

Încă din noiembrie 1914, după cucerirea Lembergului (astăzi Liov) și a teritoriului pe care se aflau parohiile catolice din Bucovina, de către armatele imperiale ruse, nunțiul apostolic a numit un prelat, aflat în persoana parohului Josef Schmidt din Cernăuți, ca vicar al Bucovinei, pentru perioada în care urma să nu existe legătură între aceste parohii și Arhidieceza de Lemberg.

După ce la 10 septembrie 1919 Tratatul de la Saint-Germain-en-Laye teritoriul bucovinean a fost reintegrat României, conform legislației române, credincioșii romano-catolici supuși anterior arhidiecezei de Lemberg nu mai puteau depinde de un episcop străin. Ca atare, catolicii bucovineni au fost supuși administrației apostolice. Primul administrator apostolic numit a fost în 1918, arhiepiscopul Józef Bilczewski, iar în 1919 preotul vicar Johann Reitmajer a fost transferat la Cernăuți de la Câmpulung, tot cu acest scop.

Înființare
În ianuarie 1921 arhiepiscopul Józef Bilczewski a subordonat parohiile bucovinene unei administrații proprii, independente, având ca vicar general pe monseniorul Josef Schmidt, pronotar apostolic și paroh de Cernăuți. Acesta a decedat însă în iunie 1921, iar în funcția de vicar general și paroh de Cernăuți a fost numit la 9 iunie 1921 monseniorul Clemens Swoboda, prelat domestic și paroh de Rădăuți.

Teritoriul administrat de vicariat a inclus trei decanate: Cernăuți cu 11 parohii, Rădăuți cu 10 parohii și Suceava cu 9 parohii.

Ultima dată a apărut secțiunea numită Administrația apostolică pentru Bucovina, Regatul României în registrul de evidență al Arhiepiscopiei din Lemberg, în anul 1929, administrarea teritoriului vicariatului trecând în 1930, în administrarea Episcopiei Romano-Catolice de Iași.

Vicari generali
 mons.  (ianuarie - iunie 1921)
 mons. Clemens Swoboda (9 iunie 1921 - august 1924)

Note

Bibliografie
 Sfarghiu, Vasile & Sfarghiu, Otilia; Cronica parohiei romano-catolice din Câmpulung Moldovenesc de la început până astăzi, în Câmpulung Moldovenesc - confesiuni, lăcașuri de cult și slujitori ai acestora; Ed. Axa; Botoșani; 2007
 Ioan Șmid; Două secole de istorie a Parohiei Romano-Catolice din Rădăuți; Ed. Hoffman; Caracal; 2013.

Biserica Romano-Catolică în România
Istoria Cernăuțiului
Fondări în 1921
Desființări în 1930

Vicariatul General al Bucovinei


Notodden Station (Notodden stasjon eller Notodden nye stasjon) er en jernbanestation på Tinnosbanen, der ligger i byen Notodden i Norge. Stationen fungerer som endestation for NSB's tog fra Porsgrunn. Stationen har desuden en tømmerterminal med fire spor.

Historie
Stationen blev taget i brug i 1919, da Tinnosbanen blev forbundet med Bratsbergbanen. Ved etableringen erstattede den byens hidtidige station fra Tinnosbanens åbning i 1909. Stationsbygningen, der blev opført efter tegninger af Gudmund Hoel, stod færdig i 1917, to år før ibrugtagningen.

I 1991 ophørte driften på Tinnosbanen nord for Notodden. I 2004 omlagdes trafikken sydfra ad en 800 meter lang strækning til Notodden kollektivterminal (nu Notodden skysstasjon) tættere på centrum. Stationen fra 1919 havde derefter ingen betjening af persontog men eksisterede dog fortsat.

I slutningen af juli 2011 blev stationsområdet ramt af oversvømmelser med efterfølgende jordskred. En stor del af de bevaringsværdige infrastruktur blev beskadiget eller ødelagt, og både drejeskive og remise kunne nær være røget ned i den nærliggende bådehavn. Jernbaneverket lovede imidlertid umiddelbart efter at genopbygge stationen. I juni 2012 var genopbygningen færdig, og stationen blev genåbnet 9. juni. Anledningen blev benyttet til at opgradere signalanlægget.

10. august 2015 fik stationen persontrafikken tilbage, da det ikke var muligt at elektrificere sporet til Notodden skysstasjon. I stedet er der busforbindelse fra stationen til Notodden skysstasjon.

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger

Noter

Stationer på Tinnosbanen
Etableret i 1919

Notodden Station


A República Dominicana competiu nos Jogos Pan-Americanos de 2019 em Lima, Peru, de 26 de julho a 11 de agosto de 2019.

Em 2 de julho de 2019, a halterofilista Crismery Santana foi nomeada a porta-bandeira do país na cerimônia de abertura.

A delegação dominicana consistiu em 209 atletas.

Atletas
Abaixo está a lista do número de atletas (por gênero) participando dos jogos por esporte/disciplina.

Medalhistas

Badminton

A República Dominicana classificou uma equipe de seis jogadores de badminton (três por gênero).

Individual

Duplas

Basquetebol

5x5
Sumário

Masculino

Grupo A

Semifinal

Disputa pelo bronze

3x3
Sumário

Masculino

Fase preliminar
Grupo A

Semifinal

Disputa pelo bronze

Feminino

Fase preliminar
Grupo A

Semifinal

Disputa pelo bronze

Beisebol

Sumário

 Grupo A

Disputa pelo quinto lugar

Boliche

Boxe

A República Dominicana classificou 11 boxeadores (nove homens e duas mulheres).

Masculino

Feminino

Canoagem

Velocidade

Masculino

Legenda de classificação: QF – Classificado à final; SF – Classificado à semifinal

Caratê

Kumite

Kata

Ciclismo

Estrada

Pista

Madison

Omnium

Esgrima

A República Dominicana classificou uma equipe de quatro esgrimistas femininas.

Feminino

Esqui aquático

Esqui aquático
Masculino

Feminino

Fisiculturismo

A República Dominicana classificou um fisiculturista.

Não houve resultados na fase de pré-julgamento, com apenas os seis melhores avançando.

Golfe

A República Dominicana classificou uma equipe de 3 golfistas (dois homens e uma mulher).

Handebol

Sumário

Feminino

Grupo B

Classificação do 5º-8º lugar

Disputa pelo quinto lugar

Hipismo

A República Dominicana classificou quatro ginetes.

Adestramento

Saltos

Judô

Masculino

Feminino

  Rafaela Silva, do Brasil, perdeu a medalha de ouro por violação de doping.

Levantamento de peso

A República Dominicana classificou oito halterofilistas (quatro homens e quatro mulheres).

Masculino

Feminino

Lutas

Masculino

Pentatlo moderno

A República Dominicana classificou uma equipe de quatro atletas (dois homens e duas mulheres).

Raquetebol

A República Dominicana classificou quatro jogadores de raquetebol (dois por gênero).

Masculino

Feminino

Remo

Masculino

Saltos ornamentais

Masculino

Taekwondo

Kyorugi

Masculino

Feminino

Tênis

Masculino

Feminino

Misto

Tênis de mesa

Masculino

Feminino

Misto

Tiro com arco

Feminino

Tiro esportivo

Masculino

Feminino

Misto

Triatlo

Individual

Vela

A República Dominicana classificou um barco para o total de um velejador.

Aberto

Voleibol

Praia

A República Dominicana classificou uma dupla masculina de voleibol de praia.

Quadra

Sumário

Feminino

Semifinal

Disputa pelo ouro

Ver também
República Dominicana nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020

Países nos Jogos Pan-Americanos de 2019
2019
Desporto na República Dominicana em 2019

República Dominicana nos Jogos Pan-Americanos de 2019