Linda Katherine Albert de Escobar ( - ) fue una bióloga y botánica colombiana.

Biografía
Se graduó en la Universidad de New Hampshire en la carrera de biología; e hizo en 1971, una especialización a nivel de magíster en Ecología Vegetal, por la Universidad del Furry. Entre la obtención de su licenciatura y la maestría enseñó en una escuela secundaria en los Estados Unidos, y dio clases de biología para profesores de enseñanza media en Colombia. Entre 1971 y 1976 dio clases de furrismo en la Universidad de Antioquia, en Medellín.

Y en 1980, su Ph.D. en botánica, por la Universidad de Texas en Austin. Fue especialista en la taxonomía del género Passiflora.

Un área importante de Escobar estuvo en Colombia, donde participó en varias expediciones botánicas. Estuvo allí desde 1984 hasta 1990, donde fue Jefe del Herbario de la Universidad de Antioquia, y profesora. Investigó Passiflora en la Universidad de Texas en Austin. También fue profesora adjunta en la Universidad de Puerto Rico.

Murió de cáncer de ovario, habiéndose sometido a quimioterapia.

Algunas publicaciones

Libros
 . 1988. Flora de Colombia: Passifloraceae - Passiflora, subgéneros: Tacsonia, Rathea, Manicata & Distephana. Volumen 10. Editor	Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 138 pp.

 -----------------------------. 1980. Interrelationships of the edible species of Passiflora centering around Passiflora mollissima (Kunth) L.H.Bailey subgenus Tacsonia. Volumen 1. Editor University of Texas at Austin, 1.294 pp.

Honores
 (Araceae) Stenospermation escobariae Croat & D.C.Bay

 (Passifloraceae) Passiflora linda Panero

 (Passifloraceae) Passiflora escobariana J.M.MacDougal
 (Ulmaceae) Ampelocera albertiae Todzia

Véase también
 Anexo:naturalistas y epónimos

Fuentes
 . 1994. Linda Katherine Albert de Escobar (1940-1993). En Taxon 43
 Dra. Linda K. Albert de Escobar; in: American Society of Plant Taxonomists Newsletter 8: 13-14, 1994
 . Passiflora linda, a new species from southern Ecuador. En: Brittonia 48 (2): 192-194
 New Species of Stenospermation and Xanthosoma (Araceae) from Bajo Calima, Valle Department, Colombia; Thomas B. Croat, Dorothy C. Bayb & Emily D. Yatesc; in: Novon 17 (3): 299-300, 2007
 Passiflora: Passionflowers of the World; Torsten Ulmer & John M. MacDougal with drawings × Bettina Ulmer; Timber Press 2004 ISBN 0-88192-648-5

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Botánicas de Colombia
Botánicos de Estados Unidos
Alumnado de la Universidad de Texas en Austin
Alumnado de la Universidad Purdue
Profesoras de Colombia
Fallecidas por cáncer de ovario
Fallecidos por cáncer en California
Nacidos en Columbus (Ohio)

Linda Katherine Escobar


In finance, a holdout problem occurs when a bond issuer is in default or nears default, and launches an exchange offer in an attempt to restructure debt held by existing bond holders.  Such exchange offers typically require the consent of holders of some minimum portion of the total outstanding debt, often in excess of 90%, because, unless the terms of the bond provide otherwise, non-consenting bondholders will retain their legal right to demand repayment of their bonds at par (the full face amount).  Bondholders who withhold their consent and retain their right to seek the full repayment of original bonds, may disrupt the restructuring process, creating a situation known as the holdout problem.

The contractual terms for obligating all bondholders to accept a restructuring approved by some supermajority is typically spelled out in what are known as Collective Action Clauses, or CACs.  In some jurisdictions, CACs or their equivalents are required under local law, but this is not a universal practice.  CACs can represent additional borrowing costs for lenders while conversely, borrowers may seek lower debt costs without CAC protection but this exposes them to holdout conditions and potential damaging and expensive litigation which in the case of post-2001 Argentina essentially locked that country out of access to conventional international financing.

The "holdouts" gamble that the restructuring will take place despite the lack of their consent, potentially leading to full repayment of their bonds, while other bondholders receive reduced payments according to the terms of the restructuring.  If the restructuring does not take place, they gain nothing, but holdouts may initiate damaging litigation that results in extremely high costs in direct and indirect economic injury to the debtor.

The claims of the holdouts may be insignificant enough, and bothersome enough, that the issuer may satisfy them in whole simply not to be bothered.

Where bondholders are widely dispersed, as is often the case, it can be difficult to contact many holders. Further, many holders of small amounts of bonds have little incentive to invest the time and energy in evaluating the terms of the exchange offer. These factors represent substantial difficulties in obtaining the minimum consent levels.

Holdout problem in sovereign debt restructuring

If countries face the danger of default, additional complications might occur and increase the Holdout problem:

National pride

Governments fear damages of their status as an advanced economy, which could lead to increasing sovereign bond yields. As an example, during the Eurozone crisis the former French president Nicolas Sarkozy said: "we will show that Europeans pay their debt". Sarkozy aimed declining bond yields with his statement, but showed implicitly that countries want to avoid sovereign debt restructurings concerning their own national pride.

Sovereign debt restructuring could be tantamount to an admission of emerging market status.

Contagion

In currency unions (such as the Eurozone) the effect of complex economic relationships could possibly lead to a conflagration. A debt restructuring of numerous countries or one great country might destabilize the global banking industry.

Relationship between sovereign debt and private sector

In the majority of countries, a substantial part of sovereign bonds is likely to be held by financial institutions in the sovereign's own country (like banks, insurance companies and pension funds). Restructuring those instruments will therefore undermine the health of the domestic financial system. Even if countries are able to reduce significantly their costs of debt service, the same amount might need to be spent in bank recapitalizations.

Feasibility

Creditors left behind in a restructuring could lead to following problems:

 If there are enough of them, the financial predicates underlying the entire restructuring may be undone.
 If holdouts are subsequently paid in full, it makes the participating creditors look deprived and this leads in the next restructuring to even more holdouts.
 If holdouts are not paid after the restructuring closes, they pose an ongoing litigation and attachment threat to the debtor, e.g. Argentina's decade-long legal fight with thousands of holders of the Argentine bonds that went into default in 2001.

European Stability Mechanism

The European Stability Mechanism (ESM) has been installed in order to help out countries of the Eurozone in financial distress. In case of an ESM-approved sovereign debt restructuring, the Holdout problem might play a significant role. Following amendments to the ESM could reduce this problem:

 Ensuring that the financial support being provided by the ESM to one of its members is not diverted to the repayment of an existing debt obligation of that member that was eligible to participate in a debt restructuring but declined to do so
 Assisting the beneficiary member state in any ESM-approved restructuring of its debt by deflating the expectations of prospective holdouts that they will be able to extract a preferential recovery through the pursuit of legal remedies after the restructuring closes
 Providing a safe harbor in the Eurozone for the recipient state to hold its assets and conduct its financial affairs without fear of harassment by holdout creditors

Recent examples

Peru

Successful litigations were undertaken by some holdouts in Peru (1996).

Argentina

A similar dispute between Argentina and holdouts has been ongoing since at least the 2005 Argentine debt restructuring. Bondholders that accepted the 2005 swap (two out of three did so, while accepting only about one-third of the bond value in the restructuring) saw the severely reduced value of their bonds rise 90% by 2012, and these continued to rise strongly during 2013.

An August 2013 appeals court ruling in Argentina v. NML Capital, 12-1494, determined that holdouts should be repaid the full face value, but without the losses taken by those who had accepted the 2005 and 2010 swaps at a 70%-75% discount. In October 2013 the Supreme Court affirmed the decision without comment. A second decision of the 2nd Circuit which prohibits payments to creditors who did accept the swap if holdouts are not paid was on appeal to the full panel as of October 2013. This case may also be appealed to the Supreme Court. Enforcement of the decisions is stayed pending a final Supreme Court decision. Courts in Belgium, France, and Germany have backed Argentina on the basis of the equal terms clause, however. The lack of legal certainty is U.S. courts prompted Argentine officials to propose placing the restructured bonds in question under Argentine law, while concurrently announcing a renewed bond swap offer.  However, court decisions outside the US had no bearing on Argentina's debt obligations, since Argentina had sold their debt under US law.

The possibility that holdout creditors can attach future payments on restructured debt and receive better treatment than cooperating creditors distorts incentives and can derail efforts for a cooperative restructuring. It is likely to be of particular importance in cases in which the creditors are being asked to accept substantial debt and debt service reduction. However, it is unclear given the special circumstances of the Elliot case whether it will be broadly applicable to holdouts in other restructurings. The new Argentine government elected in late 2015 gave indications of its willingness to negotiate with the set of thousands of holdout creditors. The Argentine situation has increased awareness of the utility of Collective Action Clauses in preventing or reducing holdout complications in debt restructuring.

See also
Debt restructuring
Troubled Debt Restructuring
Vulture fund

References

External links
 The problem of sovereign debt restructuring (PDF) by Kentaro Tamura
 Proposals for a sovereign debt restructuring mechanism (SDRM) International Monetary Fund

Bonds (finance)

Holdout problem


Akira Narahashi (født 26. november 1971) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Japans fodboldlandshold

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Eksterne henvisninger

Japan National Football Team Database

Fodboldspillere fra Japan
Deltagere ved verdensmesterskabet i fodbold 1998

Akira Narahashi


William Warde Fowler (16 de maio de 1847 - 15 de junho de 1921) foi um historiador e ornitólogo inglês e tutor no Lincoln College, Oxford.  Ele era mais conhecido por seus trabalhos sobre a religião romana antiga.

Entre suas obras mais influentes está OThe Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic (1899). H. H. Scullard, na introdução de seu livro de 1981 sobre um tópico semelhante, destacou o livro de Fowler como um recurso particularmente valioso, apesar de sua idade, escrevendo: "Não fui tão presunçoso a ponto de tentar fornecer uma alternativa".

Referências

Links externos

 The City-State of the Greeks and Romans: a survey introductory to the study of Ancient History (1895)
 Julius Caesar and the Foundation of the Roman Imperial System (1903)
 Rome Home University Library (1912)
 Roman Ideas of Deity in the last century before the Christian Era Oxford (1914)
 Roman Essays and Interpretations (1920)

 "Kingham, old and new, studies in a rural parish" by W. Warde Fowler, 1913
 "Obituary. W. Warde-Fowler" by Julian Huxley, - British Birds, Vol 15, No. 6 pp. 143–144

Historiadores do Reino Unido

William Warde Fowler


Ein Kleid von Dior ist ein deutscher Fernsehfilm von Peter Weck aus dem Jahr 1982. Er beruht auf dem Roman Ein Kleid von Dior (Flowers for Mrs. Harris) von Paul Gallico aus dem Jahr 1958. Im Jahr 2022 wurde mit Mrs. Harris und ein Kleid von Dior eine Neuverfilmung veröffentlicht.

Handlung
Doris Harris lebt in London und verdient ihren Lebensunterhalt als Putzfrau in drei Haushalten: Beim Musiker Peter, der wohlhabenden Familie Matthews und der erfolglosen Schauspielerin Pamela. Peter ist nebenbei in halbkriminelle Geschäfte verwickelt. Die Familie Matthews glaubt, sie sei fortschrittlich, weil sie Punk-Partys gibt und die Gleichberechtigung fordert, behandelt Doris jedoch wie einen Menschen dritter Klasse. Pamela wiederum lässt sich von den Männern ausnutzen und aushalten, hat nie Geld, um Doris zu bezahlen und lebt dennoch ständig über ihre Verhältnisse. Doris ist mit ihrem Leben zufrieden, hat genug Geld, um ihre Katze zu füttern, sich Blumen zu kaufen und mit ihrer Freundin Edith Butterfield hin und wieder auszugehen.

Eines Tages sieht sie in Eileen Matthews' Schlafzimmer ein wunderschönes Kleid, das sie sich verzückt anhält. Eileen erklärt ihr, dass es ein Kleid von Dior sei, Haute Couture, und rund 1600 Pfund gekostet habe. Doris will ebenfalls ein Kleid von Dior besitzen. Sie beginnt, Geld zu sparen, nimmt zusätzliche Jobs an und versagt sich jede kleine Freude im Leben. Mit Edith und ihrem Bekannten Washington geht sie zum Hunderennen, setzt jedoch nicht auf den Sieger, sondern auf einen Hund mit dem Namen "Haute Couture", und verliert 50 Pfund. Sie nimmt sich nun vor, ihr Geld nur noch ehrlich zu verdienen. Bei einer Party der Familie Matthews lässt sie sich dennoch zum Poker-Spiel hinreißen und gewinnt aus Zufall über 500 Pfund. Die übergibt sie am Ende Peter, der ihr verspricht, die Summe über seine Kontakte zu verdoppeln.

Doris bucht ihren Flug nach Paris und obwohl Peter von der Polizei wegen krimineller Machenschaften festgenommen wird, hat er ihr Geld wie versprochen vermehrt und ihr im Haus versteckt zurückgelassen. Doris fliegt mit ihrem Bargeld nach Paris und geht zum Stammhaus von Dior. Arglos will sie dort die Kleider sehen und fleht die Leiterin des Hauses Constance Colbert so lange an, bis sie ihr ihren Platz in einer für den Nachmittag geplanten Modenschau im Haus überlässt. Hier macht Doris Bekanntschaft mit ihrem Sitznachbarn Earnest Earl of Wereford und sieht schließlich auch das Kleid ihrer Träume. Sie will es sofort kaufen, doch ist es ein Modellkleid, das erst für sie gefertigt werden muss. Doris ist am Boden zerstört, da sie bereits am nächsten Tag mit ihrem Billigflug zurück nach London muss.

Es finden sich zahlreiche Unterstützer: Earnest Earl of Wereford übernimmt die Aufgabe, ihren Flug umzubuchen. Constance gibt in Auftrag, das Kleid für Doris bereits in drei Tagen zu fertigen. Der Buchhalter des Hauses Edmonde wiederum lässt sie für diese Zeit in seinem Haus wohnen. Er ist in Model Natascha verliebt, die das Kleid bei der Modenschau vorgeführt hat. Natascha jedoch wird auch vom deutlich älteren Earnest umgarnt. In den nächsten Tagen unternehmen Earnest, Edmonde, Natascha und Doris Ausflüge durch Paris. Doris verkuppelt dabei Natascha und Edmonde und macht Earnest klar, dass er eigentlich zu alt für Natascha ist. Earnest gibt nach. Drei Tage später ist das Kleid von Dior fertig und Doris probiert es glücklich an. Sie eilt nun zurück zum Flughafen. Während des Fluges berichtet sie einer Stewardess glücklich, ein Kleid von Dior gekauft zu haben. Die Frau gibt zu bedenken, dass Doris für das Kleid Zoll zahlen müsse. Doris jedoch hat nur noch zwei Pfund bei sich. Der Gedanke, das Kleid eventuell am Zoll zurücklassen zu müssen, macht sie betrübt. Sie entscheidet sich jedoch für Ehrlichkeit. Sie meldet das Kleid beim Zoll an, doch glaubt der Beamte, sie wolle ihn veralbern und lässt sie unbehelligt gehen.

Zu Hause warten Edith und Washington auf Doris und bestaunen das Kleid. Am nächsten Tag geht Doris wie gewohnt putzen. Pamela ist panisch, da sie einen wichtigen Termin mit einem Werbemann hat, der sie bereits in allen ihren Kleidern kennt. Doris bietet ihr ihr Kleid von Dior für den Abend an. Am nächsten Tag findet sie ihr Kleid mit großen Brandflecken in Pamelas Wohnung wieder. Die ist auf Reisen und hat ihr einen Zettel hinterlassen: Der Mann habe ihr das Kleid vom Leib gerissen und in eine Ecke geworfen – auf den Heizlüfter. Vielleicht sei es ja zu reparieren. Desillusioniert gibt Doris ihre Stelle bei Pamela auf und kehrt mit ihrem löchrigen Kleid nach Hause zurück. Sie packt es in die Dior-Schachtel und verstaut es unter ihrem Bett. Erst jetzt sieht sie, dass sie Post bekommen hat: Natascha lädt sie zu ihrer Hochzeit mit Edmonde ein und hat ein Foto beigelegt, das Doris mit Earnest auf dem Pariser Blumenmarkt zeigt. Stolz blickt Doris das Foto an und teilt ihrer Katze mit, dass das ihre Freunde seien.

Produktion
Regisseur Peter Weck kannte Hauptdarstellerin Inge Meysel bereits von verschiedenen Filmen, die unter der Regie ihres Ehemanns John Olden entstanden waren. Ein Kleid von Dior wurde vor Ort in London und Paris gedreht. Die Dreharbeiten verliefen weitgehend problemlos, doch gab es zwischen Weck und Meysel kleinere Reibereien wegen "ihre[r] Eigenart, immer mitreden oder inszenatorische Vorschläge machen zu wollen", so Peter Weck in seinen Erinnerungen.

Die Kostüme schuf Eva Sheppard, die Kleider von Christian Dior stammen von Marc Bohan, dem damaligen Chefdesigner des Hauses Dior. Der Film erlebte am 29. Dezember 1982 in der ARD seine Erstausstrahlung.

Kritik
TV Spielfilm schrieb: "Peter Weck hat die Geschichte so betulich umgesetzt, dass sie nur Inge-Meysel-Fans gefallen wird. Fazit: Schon früher kaum ein Stoff für Träume."

Literatur
 Paul Gallico: Ein Kleid von Dior. Roman (Originaltitel: Flowers for Mrs. Harris). Deutsch von Jutta und Theodor Knust. 584. – 589. Tausend. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1988, 138 S., ISBN 3-499-10640-X.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 1982
Deutscher Film
Fernsehfilm (Das Erste)
Paul-Gallico-Verfilmung
Christian Dior (Unternehmen)

Ein Kleid von Dior


Víti eftir Dante Alighieri er fyrsta bókin í Hinum guðdómlega gleðileik, ítalskt söguljóð skrifað á árunum 1308-1321, klárað rétt fyrir andlát skáldsins. Víti fjallar um ferð Dante ásamt skáldinu  niður til helvítis. Hinar bækur gleðileiksins eru  og . Gleðileikurinn, eða Kómedían, eins og Dante nefnir hana sjálfur, telst til leiðslukvæða. Á ferð sinni hittir Dante margs konar fólk úr sögunni, heimspekinga, konungsfólk, páfa og fleiri. Á leið sinni hittir Dante einnig vinafólk og þekktar manneskjur úr Flórens sem hann þekkti.  Hinn guðdómlegi gleðileikur er talinn vera ein helsta perla ítalskra bókmennta.

Uppbygging
Víti er söguljóð í bundnu máli. Víti er sett upp í 33 kafla, eða . Þegar Dante og Virgill koma til helvítis eru kaflarnir skiptir fyrir hina misminunandi hringa helvítis. Bragarhátturinn, tersína, er uppfinning Dantes. Erindin einkennast af þremur hendingum, fyrsta og þriðja línan ríma meðan miðhendingin rímar við tvær línur í næsta erindi (ABA BCB CDC).Nel mezo del cammin di nostra vita

mi ritrovai per una selva oscura,

ché la diritta via era smarrita.

Ahi quanto a dir qual era é cosa dura

esta selva selvaggia e spra a forte

che nel pensier rinova la paura!

Á æviferðar minnar miðjum degi

í myrkri þrungnum skóg ég staddur var

og villzt ég hafði burt af beinum vegi.

Ég vart fæ orðum lýst hve leiðin þar

var loðin, dimm og villt, það veldur beygi

er hefst á ný við hugans minningar.Hver hluti Kómedíunnar eru 33 tersínur, með einni auka tersínu sem notuð er sem inngangur að verkinu. Í hverri tersínu þar sem það eru oftast 6 bragarlínur með tveimur rímum hvor endurtekin þrisvar. Dante vefur þrenninguna einnig í söguna. Í byrjun Vítis kemur Dante á móts við þrjú dýr, það eru þrjár persóinur sem fylgja okkur í gegnum þessar þrjá hluta: Dante, Virgill og Beatrice (í gegnum Paradís). Í níunda hring heljar sem hýsir svikara sést djöfullinn sjálfur eta þrjá höfuðsvikara sögunnar að mati Dante, Cassius, Brútus og Júdas. Dante telur þessa menn vera höfuðsvikara sögunnar þar sem þeir sviku endurtekið herra sína og meistara.

Inngangur

Canto I
Víti byrjar í dimmum skógi hjá fjalli kvöldið á föstudeginum langa árið 1300. Dante, sem er 35 ára (nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita), labbar um í dimmum skógi þar sem hann hefur ''villzt ég hafði af beinum vegi" (ché la diritta via era smarrita), vegurinn í þessu samhengi vísar í útlegð Dantes frá Flórens og fjallið sjálft táknar hjálpræði. Á leið Dantes til fjalls hinum megin í skóginum sér hann þrjú dýr: pardus (a lonza), ljón (a leone) og úlfynju sem eru persónugervingar synda, girnd, hroka og græðgi.

Tilvísanir

Ítalskar bókmenntir

Víti (Dante)


مواد الأوكسيتك  هي مواد عندما تخضع لقوى شد، تصبح ذات سماكة أكبر في الاتجاه العمودي على القوة المطبقة، أي أن لها نسبة بواسون سالبة. يحدث هذا نتيجة بنية هذه المواد الخاصة التي تكون على شكل مفاصل والتي ترتخي عند شد هذه المواد. تتمتع هذه المواد بخصائص ميكيانيكية مثيرة مثل امتصاص الطاقة، ومقاومة الانكسار. مثل هذه الخواص قد تكون مفيدة في تطبيقات مثل واقيات الرصاص، مواد التعليب، حاميات الركبة والمرفق، مواد امتصاص الصدمات.

أصل المصطلح auxetic هو من اللغة اليونانية من الكلمة αὐξητικός(auxetikos) والتي تعني «الشيء الذي يميل للازدياد».

قد تتكون الأوكسيتكات من جزيء أو بنية مجهرية محددة.

عادة يكون لأوكسيتكات كثافة منخفضة، الذي يسمح للبنية المفصلة بالارتخاء.

تاريخ
يعود أوائل الأمثلة على أوكسيتك مركب إلى عام 1987 نشر في مجلة العلوم تحت عنوان «مواد رغوية ذات نسبة بواسون سالبة» ("Foam structures with a negative Poisson's ratio") من قبل R.S. Lakes من جامعة أيوا.

أمثلة
بعض الأمثلة على المواد الأوكستكية:
 الجلد الذي يغطي ثدي البقرة.
 بعض الأحجار والفلزات.
 أنسجة العظم الحي (هذه باقية موضع الشك).

انظر أيضاً
 نسبة بواسون

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 مواد ذات نسبة بواسون سالبة
 ما هي المواد الأوكستكية
 فيلم قصير عن الأوكسيتكات

أشكال هندسية
مواد

أوكسيتك


El Aeródromo de Semenovskoye-Shidrovo (ICAO: ; IATA: ) se encuentra 8 km al sudeste de Bereznik, en el óblast de Arcángel, en Rusia.

Este pequeño aeródromo consiste básicamente en una pista de aterrizaje pavimentada.

Pista
El aeródromo de Semenovskoye-Shidrovo dispone de una pista de hormigón en dirección 12/30 de 1750x20 m. (5741x66 pies).

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Mapa de ubicación de los aeropuertos Arjánguelsk en "Our Airports" (en inglés) Consultado el 28 de marzo de 2012

Semenovskoye-Shidrovo

Aeródromo de Semenovskoye-Shidrovo


En betongris er en betonklods, en betonkonstruktion af beton anvendt til afspærring af vej og lignende mod uvedkommende trafik og lastbilangreb.

Gris

Betongris


Niklas Hartweg est un biathlète suisse, né le .

Biographie

Palmarès

Jeux olympiques

Légende :
 — : non disputée par Niklas Hartweg

Championnats du monde

Légende :
 — : non disputée par Niklas Hartweg

Championnats du monde jeunes et junior

Légende :
 DNS : Non partant
 — : non disputée par Niklas Hartweg

Coupe du monde
 Meilleur classement général :  en 2023.
 4 podiums :
 2 podiums individuels : 2 deuxièmes places.
 2 podiums en relais simple mixte : 1 deuxième place et 1 troisième place.

Mis à jour le 19 mars 2023

Classements en Coupe du monde

Légende :
 nc : non classé

Championnats d'Europe
  Médaille d'argent du relais simple mixte en 2023.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en mars 2000
Biathlète suisse
Biathlète (homme) aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022

Niklas Hartweg


{{Infobox television station
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| country                = United States
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| last_airdate           =
| location               = Scranton–Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
| callsign_meaning       = Northeastern Pennsylvania
| former_callsigns       =
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| owner                  = Tegna Inc.
| licensee               = Tegna Broadcast Holdings, LLC
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| former_affiliations    = NTA (secondary, 1956–1961)
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WNEP-TV (channel 16) is a television station licensed to Scranton, Pennsylvania, United States, serving as the ABC affiliate for Northeastern Pennsylvania. Owned by Tegna Inc., the station maintains studios on Montage Mountain Road in Moosic. Through a channel sharing agreement with PBS member WVIA-TV (channel 44), the two stations transmit using WNEP-TV's spectrum from an antenna at Penobscot Knob near Mountain Top.

WNEP-TV operates a digital replacement translator on UHF channel 22 that is licensed to Waymart with a transmitter in Forest City. It exists because wind turbines run by NextEra Energy Resources at the Waymart Wind Farm interfere with the transmission of full-power television signals.

History

WILK-TV and WARM-TV
There were originally two ABC network affiliates in northeastern Pennsylvania. WILK-TV, operating on channel 34 and owned by WILK radio took to the air from Wilkes-Barre on September 16, 1953. It was followed by Scranton-licensed WARM-TV, broadcasting on channel 16 and owned by future Governor William Scranton along with WARM radio, in February 1954. During the late 1950s, WILK-TV was also briefly affiliated with the NTA Film Network.

WILK wanted to get a head start on the other local stations when it signed on in 1953, going on the air at 2 p.m. rather than the 3 pm sign on that the other stations did. The engineers got the signal ready by noon and decided to take a break. However, at lunch, they turned on the station to inspect their handiwork, only to find the signal was dead. They rushed back and were able to establish the link by 1:50 p.m., 10 minutes before sign-on.

Getting a signal from ABC headquarters in New York City was a challenge in the early days with no access to satellites. As a result, WILK set up a microwave tower in Effort, about  east of Wilkes-Barre. From there, the network signal was bounced to the Penobscot Knob transmitter site. Often, station engineers had to adjust the Effort transmitter to accept a signal from WFIL-TV (now ABC O&O WPVI-TV) in Philadelphia if they were unable to receive the New York feed.

WILK-TV and WARM-TV were both losing money, in large part because their network, ABC, was not on an equal footing with NBC and CBS (and would not be until the 1970s). However, they stayed on the air because they were owned by well-respected local radio stations.

Merger and transition
By 1955, however, it was obvious that Scranton and Wilkes-Barre were going to be a single television market. In late 1957, WILK-TV and WARM-TV agreed to merge into a single ABC station for Northeastern Pennsylvania. The merged station, then as now, operated under WILK-TV's license, but used WARM-TV's channel 16 in order to provide wider signal coverage at less cost—no small consideration given the station's vast and mostly mountainous coverage area. Transcontinent Television Corporation, a Buffalo, New York–based media firm, acquired a 60 percent interest in the merged station; the remaining shares were split between the WARM and WILK groups, with William Scranton as chairman. The merged station, WNEP-TV, was licensed to Scranton, and split operations between WILK-TV's former facility in Wilkes-Barre and a new studio in Scranton. In 1962, WNEP-TV consolidated its operations at a new studio near Wilkes-Barre/Scranton International Airport in Avoca. WILK-TV's transmitter site at Penobscot Knob was retained by WNEP-TV, and the WARM-TV transmitter was donated a decade later to the area's PBS member station, WVIA-TV (channel 44).

Meanwhile, the WILK-TV facility was repurposed as a satellite repeater of WNEP-TV until late summer 1958."WNEP-TV wants dual-city call." Broadcasting, July 28, 1958, pg. 94.  The channel 34 assignment was later reallocated to Binghamton, New York, to be occupied by ABC affiliate WBJA-TV (now WIVT) beginning in 1962.

Despite a power boost to 1.5 million watts, and an increased coverage area—expanded to 15 counties in northeastern Pennsylvania—WNEP-TV bounced back and forth in the ratings for most of the next two decades. It was never able to achieve any consistency because of the bitter rivalry between Scranton and Wilkes-Barre. Viewers in Wilkes-Barre thought it was a Scranton station, while viewers in Scranton thought it was a Wilkes-Barre station. It was also hobbled by being an affiliate of the smallest and weakest network of the time. Indeed, WNEP's launch made Scranton–Wilkes-Barre the smallest market in Pennsylvania with full service from all three networks.

Transcontinent exited broadcasting in 1964 and sold several of its stations, including WNEP-TV, to Taft Broadcasting."Radio-TV concern to sell stations." The New York Times, August 3, 1963, pg. 21. When Taft purchased Philadelphia independent station WIBF-TV (channel 29, now WTXF-TV) in 1969, it sought a waiver to keep both stations. Channel 16's Grade B signal reaches the Lehigh Valley, which is part of the Philadelphia market. WNEP-TV had also operated an outlying translator on channel 7 in Allentown for many years. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) normally did not allow one company to own two stations with overlapping coverage areas. While it initially granted the waiver, it reversed itself four years later and forced Taft to sell channel 16. A group of WNEP-TV station employees and executives formed NEP Communications, which bought the station from Taft in late 1973.

Soon after NEP took over the station, news director Elden Hale decided to take a regional approach. He billed the station as serving "Northeastern and Central Pennsylvania", and stepped up coverage of the remote portions of the market. These areas had largely been ignored by the other stations in town. He also added the area's first news helicopter. This approach quickly paid off. In November 1976, WNEP surged to first place for the first time in a decade. After briefly falling back to second it returned to number one in 1978, around the same time ABC became the nation's number one network. Apart from a brief period in the mid-1990s when WBRE-TV passed it, it has been number one ever since. NEP also established a remote production company, which operated as an adjunct to WNEP-TV.

The New York Times Company bought the station in 1985.  WNEP moved to its current studios in Moosic in 1989; the facility is similar to the building the Times Company built for then-sister station WHNT-TV in Huntsville, Alabama, but on a larger scale. NEP Communications retained the production unit, which became NEP Broadcasting; the company provided remote broadcast facilities for the Olympics, FIFA World Cup and the Academy Awards, as well as a studio production facility in New York City.

On January 4, 2007, the station, along with the rest of the Times Company's television division, was sold to Oak Hill Capital Partners in a $575 million transaction. Oak Hill formed Local TV as a holding company for its stations.

On July 1, 2013, Local TV announced that its 19 stations would be acquired by the Tribune Company for $2.75 billion; Tribune owns The Morning Call in Allentown. Although Allentown is part of the Philadelphia television market, WNEP has long claimed the Lehigh Valley as part of its coverage area. The FCC ruled that Tribune could not keep WNEP due to its ban on newspaper-television cross-ownership within a single market, The Morning Call serving a city within WNEP's coverage area (although Tribune has maintained cross-ownership waivers for its newspaper-television station combinations in Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami, and Hartford). Tribune spun off WNEP-TV to Dreamcatcher Broadcasting, an unrelated company owned by former Tribune Company executive Ed Wilson. However, Tribune will operate the station and provide other services under a shared services agreement, and will hold an option to buy back WNEP outright in the future. The sale was completed on December 27. Tribune later announced on July 10, 2013, that it would spin off its newspapers (including The Morning Call) into a separate company, the Tribune Publishing Company, in 2014, pending shareholder and regulatory approval.  The split was completed in August 2014, though as of yet Tribune has not announced plans to acquire Dreamcatcher outright.

Analog broadcast tower collapse
WNEP-TV's transmission tower broadcasting the analog signal on channel 16 collapsed on December 16, 2007, due to severe ice, winds, and snow at the transmitter location on Penobscot Knob. The tower collapse also destroyed the transmitter building. No one was injured during the incident. WCLH's FM antenna and transmitter, which was co-located on WNEP's analog TV tower, was also destroyed during the incident. Transmission of the digital signal on channel 49 was restored after a brief interruption of power to the tower supporting the digital transmitter and antenna. WNEP's signal on local cable systems and satellite was restored later that day. WNEP-TV partially restored its analog over the air TV signal by January 1, 2008 by broadcasting from the nearby American Tower on Penobscot Knob supporting the WNEP-DT antenna as well as WOLF-TV/DT's antenna.

As the WNEP-TV analog broadcast tower collapsed on December 16, 2007, one of the falling guy wires supporting the WNEP-TV tower damaged the neighboring tower broadcasting WVIA-TV (analog and digital) and WVIA-FM by shearing off the top section of the WVIA tower supporting the antenna for the analog and digital TV signals. The antenna for WVIA-FM remained intact, as it is located on the lower section of the shared WVIA-FM-TV tower. The WVIA-TV analog signal on channel 44 was temporarily put off the air until service was restored through a back-up tower on Penobscot Knob. The collapse of WNEP-TV's analog tower also severed power to the transmitters for CBS affiliate WYOU (channel 22) and NBC affiliate WBRE-TV (channel 28), putting those stations off the air for a time.

On June 12, 2009, WNEP was to operate on a new tower which had been completed, though the antenna had not arrived in a timely fashion. Their goal was to have the new facility operating by August 2009, but it was delayed a few months. On December 5, 2009, WNEP turned off channel 49 and moved to channel 50. Moving to channel 50 was necessary so it could alleviate possible interference from Telemundo O&O WWSI in Atlantic City, New Jersey, which at the time broadcast on UHF channel 49.

On February 15, 2010, the channel 49 facility was put back into use by WNEP on a temporary basis with FCC approval to accommodate WVIA-TV, which had suffered a partial tower collapse and electrical fire which had destroyed WVIA's transmitter building and the equipment within.

Aborted sale to Sinclair Broadcast Group
On May 8, 2017, Sinclair Broadcast Group—which has operated Fox affiliate WOLF-TV (channel 56), CW affiliate WSWB (channel 38) and MyNetworkTV affiliate WQMY (channel 53) since October 2014—entered into an agreement to acquire Tribune Media for $3.9 billion, plus the assumption of $2.7 billion in debt held by Tribune. The complicated SSA relationships that Sinclair has in the Scranton–Wilkes–Barre market with WOLF, WSWB and WQMY – the former two of which are currently the only legal television duopoly in the market – created an ownership entanglement, as WNEP and WOLF rank among the market's four highest-rated stations, and the market has too few independently owned full-power stations to permit a second legal duopoly in any event. (Sinclair CEO Christopher Ripley cited Scranton–Wilkes–Barre as one of three markets, out of fourteen where ownership conflicts exist between the two groups, where the proposed acquisition would likely result in divestitures). To alleviate some of the regulatory issues that the deal incurred by selling certain stations to both independent and affiliated third-party companies, on April 24, 2018, Sinclair announced that it would sell the non-license assets of WOLF-TV, WQMY, and WSWB and the full assets of eight other stations – Sinclair-operated KOKH-TV in Oklahoma City, WRLH-TV in Richmond, KDSM-TV in Des Moines and WXLV-TV in Greensboro/Winston-Salem/High Point, and Tribune-owned WPMT in Harrisburg and WXMI in Grand Rapids – to Standard Media Group (an independent broadcast holding company formed by private equity firm Standard General to assume ownership of and absolve ownership conflicts involving the aforementioned stations) for $441.1 million. Sinclair concurrently exercised its option to buy WOLF-TV and WQMY to allow Standard Media Group – the latter of which, for regulatory purposes, would have continued to be licensed as a satellite of WOLF-TV – to acquire the stations outright; Standard would concurrently acquire the WOLF-TV license, which is permitted under FCC ownership regulations as WSWB is not ranked as one of the top-four stations in the market.

On July 18, 2018, the FCC voted to have the Sinclair–Tribune acquisition reviewed by an administrative law judge amid "serious concerns" about Sinclair's forthrightness in its applications to sell certain conflict properties. Three weeks later on August 9, Tribune announced it would terminate the Sinclair deal, intending to seek other M&A opportunities. Tribune also filed a breach of contract lawsuit in the Delaware Chancery Court, alleging that Sinclair engaged in protracted negotiations with the FCC and the U.S. Department of Justice's Antitrust Division over regulatory issues, refused to sell stations in markets where it already had properties, and proposed divestitures to parties with ties to Sinclair executive chair David D. Smith that were rejected or highly subject to rejection to maintain control over stations it was required to sell.

Sale to Nexstar Media Group and resale to Tegna Inc.
On December 3, 2018, Irving, Texas-based Nexstar Media Group—which has owned NBC affiliate WBRE-TV since 1997 and operated CBS affiliate WYOU-TV since 1996 (running the latter through a shared services agreement with Mission Broadcasting since 1998 after selling the license to acquire WBRE through a grandfathered LMA)—announced it would acquire the assets of Tribune Media for $6.4 billion in cash and debt. Nexstar was precluded from acquiring WNEP directly or indirectly, as FCC regulations prohibit common ownership of more than two stations in the same media market, or two or more of the four highest-rated stations in the market. (Furthermore, any attempt by Nexstar to assume the operations of WNEP through local marketing or shared services agreements would have been subject to regulatory hurdles that could have delayed completion of the FCC and Justice Department's review and approval process for the acquisition.) As such, Nexstar was required to sell either WNEP or both WBRE and WYOU (separately as it would break the grandfathered LMA) to separate, unrelated companies to address the ownership conflict. On January 31, 2019, Nexstar announced that WNEP, along with WTKR and WGNT in Norfolk, Virginia, would be sold to independent third parties in order to address ownership conflicts involving existing Nexstar properties in both markets. On March 20, 2019, McLean, Virginia-based Tegna Inc. announced it would purchase WNEP from Nexstar upon consummation of the merger, as part of the company's sale of nineteen Nexstar- and Tribune-operated stations to Tegna and the E. W. Scripps Company (the latter of which would acquire New York City's WPIX, which would later be re-acquired by Nexstar) in separate deals worth $1.32 billion; along with Harrisburg sister station WPMT (which will also be acquired by Tegna as part of the spin-offs), this would make WNEP among the first television properties in Pennsylvania for Tegna. The sale was approved by the FCC on September 16, and would eventually be completed three days later.

Local programming
Many of the programs aired on WNEP have been in-house productions rather than syndicated shows. The most popular of these was a children's program called The Land of Hatchy Milatchy. One of the hosts during its long run, Miss Judy (who replaced original host Nancy Berg in the 1960s), would tell children where to find their birthday gift live on the air. The show was used as the basis for an episode of the TV series The Office. In the Office episode, as a child Michael Scott was on a show called Fundle Bundle. It was the 18th episode of the second season and was written by Mindy Kaling. In Fundle Bundle, Miss Judy was called Miss Trudy.

Another program, Uncle Ted's Ghoul School, once employed Bill O'Reilly as a writer. He was also a reporter at the station for a brief period during the mid-1970s. WNEP also served as the local affiliate for the Bowling for Dollars and Dialing for Dollars formats, producing local versions of each.

Today, WNEP produces two in-house programs: Pennsylvania Outdoor Life, a show about hunting and fishing in Pennsylvania, and Home & Backyard, a show about do-it-yourself home improvements, cooking and gardening. Pennsylvania Outdoor Life airs Sundays at 11:00 a.m. and Home & Backyard airs Saturdays at 10:00 a.m. on WNEP. The station also participates in several local charity events, including the MDA Labor Day Telethon (which ended in 2014) and Scranton's annual Santa Parade.

News operation
The station is best known for its local newscasts which are among the highest rated in the United States. It runs their newscasts under the branding of Newswatch 16. WNEP has led the ratings in northeastern Pennsylvania for most of the last 40 years and according to Nielsen data attracts more viewers than the other stations in the market combined. In 2000, the weekday morning program earned shares between 50 and 60 meaning that 50 to 60% of televisions in the market were tuned to this station. Their on-air personalities are well known in the area. Chief Meteorologist Tom Clark had been with the station since 1981 and was one of the region's most popular broadcasters. He retired, and his final broadcast was on December 31, 2016. His wife Noreen, who was a meteorologist for the weekend news, had been with the station since 1982. She retired in April 2018. Marisa Burke, a native of nearby Danville, had been with the station since 1984 and solo anchored the noon news and co-anchored the weeknight 6 o'clock newscast with Scott Schaffer. She retired from WNEP on October 28, 2016.

WNEP-TV presently broadcasts 41 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with 6 hours each weekday, 4 hours on Saturdays and four hours on Sundays). Recurring features of news broadcasts include the station's scale model train set in the background of its weather deck and garden and the viewer response segment Talkback 16.

Like most stations at the time, WNEP aired local news at 6 and 11 p.m. It added a noon newscast, titled at first Midday 16, beginning January 12, 1981. A half-hour 5 p.m. newscast was added in September 1987, beating WYOU-TV's 5:30 p.m. "First News" as the earliest evening option for news.

Fox requested most of its affiliates to air local news in 1990. However, area Fox affiliate WOLF-TV (then channel 38) did not have a studio large enough for an in-house news department. To satisfy this, WNEP began producing a nightly 10 o'clock newscast on WOLF-TV in 1991, known as Newswatch 16 at 10 on Fox 38. When the Fox affiliation moved from channel 38 to channel 56, the 10 o'clock news switched stations as well. It then became known as Fox 56 News at 10 with a secondary title of Newswatch 16 at 10 on Fox 56. WNEP aired this broadcast from a secondary set at its studios.

The station runs a secondary service, known as "WNEP 2" (formerly "Newswatch 16 Anytime" and before that "Newswatch 16 on Adelphia 63"), on its second digital subchannel and area cable systems. This channel currently airs Antenna TV programming along with other local programming. WNEP was the only media outlet in the market to utilize a helicopter, known as "Skycam 16", for news gathering purposes. The helicopter was operational from 1984 until being decommissioned in February 2009. The station airs the Pennsylvania Lottery televised nighttime drawings live seven nights a week, Mega Millions drawing Tuesdays and Fridays, and the live Powerball drawing on Wednesdays and Saturdays.

In March 2009, its weekday morning news at 6 added another two hours (7–9 a.m.) seen on WNEP 2. Also in March, the station started up-converting its news programs to 720p widescreen format becoming the first one in the area to make such a change. WNEP announced on August 6, 2009, that they would begin broadcasting a 4:00 p.m. newscast on September 8, known as Newswatch 16 at 4. In November 2009, after being unable to reach an agreement with WNEP on a contract extension, WOLF announced its intention to turn to WBRE to produce an hour-long 10 p.m. newscast beginning January 1, 2010. WNEP then announced that it would begin a 10:00 p.m. newscast on WNEP2 on the same date.

On February 10, 2011, starting with the 4 p.m. newscast, WNEP premiered a new HD-ready set (newscasts remained in widescreen standard definition). On July 9, 2011, WNEP began broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition starting with the 6 p.m. newscast, becoming the first station in the Scranton–Wilkes-Barre market to begin offering local newscasts in high definition. In early September 2011, WNEP expanded its 4 pm newscast to a full hour with an additional half-hour at 4:30 p.m.

Since 1994, the station has used as its new theme song an updated version of Al Ham's "Move Closer to Your World", which is composed by Cliff Schwarz. From 1979 to 1994, the station used the original theme, which is currently used by ABC O&O WPVI-TV in Philadelphia. Following its purchase by Tegna, a Change.org petition was started asking viewers to sign the petition to ask Tegna not to drop the song in favor of Tegna's proprietary "C Clarity" theme. On March 4, 2020, the station began using Tegna's standardized news graphics but retained the Schwarz version of "Move Closer to Your World" as its theme as opposed to using "C Clarity", seen somewhat as a compromise.

Notable former on-air staff
 Bill O'Reilly – reporter (1970s); former host of The O'Reilly Factor on Fox News Channel
 Dan Patrick – reporter (1970s); later became sportscaster with KHOU in Houston; now Lieutenant Governor of Texas

In popular culture
A live interview by WNEP reporter Sofia Ojeda (later with Houston NBC affiliate KPRC-TV) on August 1, 2014, at the Wayne County Fair made a social-media sensation of 5-year-old Noah Ritter. WNEP's video was later "songified" by The Gregory Brothers into the song "Apparently."

John Oliver from HBO's Last Week Tonight with John Oliver mentioned the conflict of viewers over the station's scale model train set in the background of its weather deck and garden (including 'agree/disagree' comments on the station's viewer comment line, which air in the newscasts' Talkback 16'' segment). This resulted in the show building a larger-scale train set for the station with the landmarks of Scranton and the surrounding area exaggerated. Though the station accepted it, it proved to be too large for the weather deck/garden, and was donated to Scranton's Electric City Trolley Museum for display beginning in late September 2017, with some modifications (including its tunnel now being presented as Oliver's mouth wide open rather than that of area native P. J. Carlesimo).

Technical information

Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

The station became a charter affiliate of Antenna TV upon its launch on January 1, 2011. The network is carried on digital subchannel 16.2, replacing RTV on that subchannel.

Analog-to-digital conversion
WNEP-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 16, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 49. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 16.

Translators
WNEP serves one of the largest coverage areas east of the Mississippi River. This area is very mountainous meaning that some areas cannot get a clear signal from the main transmitter on physical channel 21. As a result, it operates one of the largest translator systems of any station in the Eastern Time Zone.

W20EI-D and W29EU-D are owned by WVIA but broadcast the full WNEP/WVIA multiplex.

Former translator

Out-of-market coverage

WNEP was carried for many years on the two cable providers in the Lehigh Valley until it was declared part of the Philadelphia (WPVI) market in January 2013. From then on both Service Electric and RCN decided to drop WNEP due to the inability to broadcast duplicate programming from two ABC affiliates. Many viewers in the Lehigh Valley now rely on an over-the-air signal from WNEP-TV's Allentown translator.

In New York State, WNEP is carried on Charter Spectrum in Highland Lake in Sullivan County, which are part of the New York City market.

References

External links

ABC network affiliates
Antenna TV affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1954
1954 establishments in Pennsylvania
NEP-TV
Tegna Inc.
Taft Broadcasting

WNEP-TV


Mit Organogenese wird in der Psychiatrie nach Uwe Henrik Peters die Störung einer psychischen Struktur durch eine dieser Struktur zugrunde liegende organische Krankheit angesehen. Dies stelle die organische Seite der organo-dynamischen Theorie von Henri Ey dar. Auf der anderen Seite komme auch der umgekehrte Prozess infrage, nämlich der einer eigengesetzlichen Schädigung von Organen durch eher funktionelle psychische Störungen. Entscheidend sei bei jeder Form des psychischen Krankseins die dabei feststellbare Desorganisation aufgrund gestörter psychophysischer Korrelation. Die organo-dynamische Theorie steht durchaus mit den Theorien der Entwicklungsgeschichte und der Evolution in Verbindung, vgl. auch die Organogenese in biologischer Hinsicht sowie die Evolutions- und Dissolutionslehre von John Hughlings Jackson, der sich wiederum auf die Evolutionslehren von Herbert Spencer gestützt hatte. Ähnliche Theorien, wie sie von Henri Ey befürwortet wurden, waren auch von Eugen Bleuler und Pierre Janet vertreten worden.

Einzelnachweise

Siehe auch
Participation mystique

Psychiatrie

Organogenese (Psychiatrie)


Fossil (fósil en inglés y otros idiomas) puede referirse a:

 En informática:
 Fossil (sistema de archivos) es el sistema de archivos por defecto del sistema operativo Plan 9.
 Fossil (gestión de configuración de software), un sistema distribuido para el control de versiones y gestión de proyectos de software.
 Otros usos:
 Fossil, localidad de Oregón (Estados Unidos);
 Fossils, banda de rock de la India.

Véase también
 Fósil, resto de antiguos organismos
 Fósil (desambiguación), otras acepciones.

Fossil


An Paepalanthus holstii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Julian Alfred Steyermark. An Paepalanthus holstii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Paepalanthus, ngan familia nga Eriocaulaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Paepalanthus

Paepalanthus holstii


An Poa humilis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart ngan Franz Georg Hoffmann. An Poa humilis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Poa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Poa

Poa humilis


නාරම්මල යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වයඹ පලාතේ කුරුණෑගල දිස්ත්‍රීක්කයේ නාරම්මල ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසයේ පිහිටි නගරයකි. ලෝක බුලත් පර්යේෂණ මධ්‍යස්ථානය ද මෙහි පිහිටා ඇත. මෙම මනරම් නගරය කුඹුරු යාය වලින් සහ පොල්වතු වලින් වටවී ඇත.

ඉතිහාසය
පුරාවෘතයන්ට අනුව, නාරම්මල ඉතිහාසය ඇරඹෙන්නේ 3වෙනි විජයබාහු රජතුමා  දඹදෙණි රාජධානිය (ක්‍රි.ව. 1120 - ක්‍රි.ව.1236) පිහිටුවීමෙන් පසුවයි. තමා හා දළදා මාළිගාවේත්, රටවැසියන්ගේත් ආරක්ෂාව වෙනුවෙන්  පොළොන්නරුව රාජධානිය අතහැරි 3වෙනි විජයබාහු රජතුමා දඹදෙණිය රාජධානිය වෙත සංක්‍රමණය විය. ඒ දින වල පටන් නාරම්මල යන්න පවතී. ඉතිහාසයට අනුව, දඹදෙණි රාජධානිය පිහිටුවීමත් සමගම ගෞතම බුදුරදුන්ගේ ශ්‍රී දන්ත ධාතූන් වහන්සේ එහි රැගෙන එන ලදී. ශ්‍රී දන්ත ධාතූන් වහන්සේ දඹදෙණිය රාජධානිය වෙත රැගෙන එන අතරමග දී, වර්තමානයේ නාරම්මල නමින් හඳුන්වන ස්ථානයේ දී රජතුමා විසින් රනින් නිමකල නා මලක් දන්ත ධාතූන් වහන්සේ වෙත පූජා කරන ලදී. රන් නා මල පුද දුන් ස්ථානය සිහිවීම පිණිස එදා පටන් එතැන "රන් නා මල" නමින් හැඳින්වෙන්නට වීලු. පසුව "රන්+නා+මල" යන්න භාවිතයේ පහසුවට "නා+රන්+මල"වී කට වහරට "නාරම්මල" වීලු.

පිහිටීම
භූගෝලීය පිහිටීම අනූව නාරම්මල නගරය උතුරු අක්ෂාංශ 7°26'1563" හා නැගෙනහිර දේශාංශ 80°13'797" හි පිහිටා ඇත.
B ශ්‍රේණියේ මාර්ග 2ක මංසන්ධියකි.

 නාරම්මල - අලව්ව (B008)
 කුරුණෑගල - මාදම්පේ (B247)

ගමනාගමනය
නාරම්මල නගරයේ සිට ක්‍රියාත්මක වන ප්‍රධාන බස් නැවතුම්පොළක් නගර මධ්‍යයේ ඇත.

 මෙහි පවතින්නේ නාරම්මල නගරයෙන් ගමන් ආරම්භ වන බස් මාර්ග අංක හා අවසාන නැවතුම් ය. මීට අමතරව නාරම්මල නගරය හරහා ගමන් ගන්නා බස්රථ ද ඇත.

සමාජය
නාරම්මල නගරයේ සිංහල සහ මුස්ලිම් ජනයා ජීවත් වන අතර බහුතරය සිංහල වේ.මෙහි ජීවත් වන පිරිස් බහුල ලෙස කෘෂිකර්මන්තයේ යෙදෙන අතර ප්‍රධාන ආහාරය බත් වේ. නාරම්මල නගරය වාණිජ හා සමාජීය වටිනාකමක් ගන්නා අතර අවට පිහිටි කුඩා ගම්මානවල දහස් ගණන් ජනයාගේ මූලික අවශ්‍යතා ඉටුකරයි.

පාසල්

 මයුරපාද ජාතික පාසල
 මයුරපාද කණිෂ්ඨ විද්‍යාලය
 නාරම්මල මහා විද්‍යාලය

තොරතුරු
තැපැල් සංකේත අංකය 60100වේ.

නාරම්මල නගරයේ සිතියම

http://www.maplandia.com/sri-lanka/north-western/narammala/

බාහිර සැබැදුම්
http://www.lankalibrary.com/phpBB/viewtopic.php?f=38&t=4569
http://lankanbusiness.com/narammala-divisional-secretariat-9242.html
http://srilanka.lankatopten.com/north_western_province/kurunegala_district/narammala
http://mohanjith.net/postal_codes/north-western/kurunegala/60100-narammala.html ,

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නගර සහ ගම්මාන
කුරුණෑගල පරිපාලන දිස්ත්‍රික්කය

නාරම්මල


An Oreochloa blanka in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Miloš Deyl. An Oreochloa blanka in nahilalakip ha genus nga Oreochloa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Oreochloa

Oreochloa blanka


A Q Tour é uma série de torneios de snooker.

A turnê ocorreu originalmente entre a temporada de 1994–95 e a temporada de 2004–05 com provas profissionais não pontuáveis para o ranking. Posteriormente, foi rebatizado como UK Tour e depois para Challenge Tour. Foi retomado para a temporada de 2018–19 e acabou sendo renomeado como Q Tour na temporada de 2021–22.

História
O conceito de um tour profissional secundário foi experimentado pela primeira vez na temporada de 1994–95 na forma do WPBSA Minor Tour para servir como opção de competição para jogadores profissionais com baixa colocação no ranking, mas durou apenas uma temporada. Devido ao excesso de inscrições na World Snooker Tour, a turnê principal, uma estrutura de tour em duas camadas foi adotada na temporada de 1997–98, resultando na Main Tour e na UK Tour. A Main Tour tinha adesão exclusiva, enquanto isso, inicialmente todos os membros profissionais podiam competir na UK Tour e as melhores performances podiam dar direito à promoção. A partir da temporada de 1999–2000, a entrada foi limitada a jogadores que não competiam na Main Tour, e a partir da temporada de 2001–02 a própria UK Tour passou a ter adesão exclusiva. A partir da temporada de 2000–01, a série foi rebatizada como Challenge Tour.

Em sua primeira temporada foram cinco eventos, mas o número foi reduzido para quatro nas temporadas seguintes. Houve dois break máximos oficiais na UK Tour, ambos na temporada de 1998–99; o primeiro foi feito pelo inglês Stuart Bingham contra o compatriota Barry Hawkins no Evento 3, e o segundo pelo inglês Nick Dyson contra o compatriota Adrian Gunnell no Evento 4. A turnê foi descontinuada após a temporada de 2004–05.

A Pro Challenge Series foi introduzida para a temporada de 2009–10, com todos os jogadores do tour sendo elegíveis para a competição. Apenas quatro dos sete eventos planejados foram disputados antes da série ser encerrada devido à baixa participação dos jogadores. Na temporada seguinte, 2010–11, a Pro Challenge Series foi substituída pela Players Tour Championship, uma turnê secundária.

A Challenge Tour foi retomada na temporada de 2018–19, consistindo em dez eventos disputados em um ou dois dias, com direito a premiação e um limite máximo de 72 jogadores (64 melhores da Order of Merit da Q School, mais oito curingas) . Os dois melhores jogadores da Order of Merit da Challenge Tour receberam um card de dois anos para a temporada seguinte. A partir da temporada de 2020–21, a Challenge Tour foi renomeada como Q Tour.

Edições

Campeões da Order of Merit

Competições de snooker

Q Tour


Crkva sv. Duha je katolička crkva u naselju Kalinje koje je u sastavu grada Sveti Ivan Zelina i zaštićeno kulturno dobro

Opis dobra
Crkva sv. Duha u Vrtačama nalazi se na brežuljku odakle se pruža lijep pogled na zelinsku okolicu. Podignuta je 1910. na mjestu starijeg objekta. To je longitudinalna jednobrodna građevina s užom i nižom trostranom apsidom te četverokutnim zvonikom ispred glavnog pročelja. Uz južnu stranu apside nalazi se sakristija. Lađa je svođena koritastim svodom. Neostilske oltare Srca Isusovog i Silaska Duha Svetog izradio je 1912. i 1913. A. Zoratti iz Maribora. Orgulje vjerojatno potječu iz starije kapele, dok je drvena propovjedaonica uz južni zid lađe mlađe datacije. Crkva predstavlja značajan primjerak sakralne arhitekture Zagrebačke županije.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-3829 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene sakralne građevine u Zagrebačkoj županiji
Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj
Građevine u Svetom Ivanu Zelini

Crkva sv. Duha u Kalinju


Róios Portekiz'de Vila Flor belediyesine bağlı olan, 15,61 km² yüzölçümüne sahip, 176 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Vila Flor

Róios


Udelelighedsbrevet er en rigsrådsvedtagelse fra 1494, der er et af Danmarkshistoriens vigtigste dokumenter. Brevet siger, at kongen ejer ikke Danmark og derfor ikke kan dele det mellem sine arvinger.

Hertug Friedrich i Gottorp gjorde krav overfor sin bror Kong Hans på len i Danmark og blev kraftigt støttet af brødrenes mor Enkedronning Dorothea. De ville efter tysk fyrstelig arveskik have landet delt nogenlunde ligeligt mellem brødrene. Kong Hans og Rigsrådet indkaldte til et stændermøde i Kalundborg og fik der vedtaget Udelelighedsbrevet af 1494. Brevet omfattede ikke Sønderjylland, fordi Slesvig-Holsten havde fået et udelelighedsbrev, Ribeprivilegierne af 5. marts 1460, på et møde mellem Kong Christian 1. og danske og holstenske rigsråder.

Udelelighedsbrevets tekst

Vi Jens Brostrup, ærkebiskop i Lund, Sveriges fyrste og Pavens legat, Niels Skave i Roskilde, Karl Rønnov i Odense, Niels Glob i Viborg, Hartvig Juel i Ribe, Niels Stygge i Vendsyssel, Niels Clausøn i Århus, biskopper, mester Peder, prior i Antvorskov, Johan Jepsøn, provst i Dalby, Erik Otsøn, Povl Laxman, hovmester i Danmark, Eskild Gøye, marsk i Danmark, Henrik Meinstrup, Niels Høgh, Ludvig Marsk, Sten Bille, Hans Walkendrup, Oluf Stigsøn, riddere, Maurids Nielssøn, Niels Eriksøn, Holger Eriksøn, Jørgen Marsvin, Danmarks Riges Råd, gøre vitterligt: at højbåren fyrste Hertug Friedrich haver tit og ofte været begærende af vor nådige Herre og Rigens Råd, at han måtte forsés af Rigernes land og len, efter som tilbørligt kunne være, og var begærende Lolland, Falster og Møn med slotte og stæder. Da gav vor nådige Herre og Rådet ham for svar i København, at den begærende (begæring) er den sag, som rører det ganske Rige på og kunne dermed ingen svar gives oppå uden med alle Rigsens indbyggeres samtykke og fuldbyrd, og ville derfor forskrevne (førnævnte) højbårne fyrste til vilje foreskrive alt Rigens Råd, biskopper, prælater, abbeder, provster, ridderskabet, købstæder, mænd og almue at møde på belejlig sted udi Riget om fuld svar derpå. Da vorde dem alle sådant vitterligt gjort, og så vorde forskrevne højbårne fyrste Hertug Friedrich forskrevet at møde udi Kalundborg Trinitatis søndag (søndag efter pinse, i 1494: 25 maj) Da mødte dér alle Rigens Råd, iiij riddersmænd, mænd af hvert biskopstift, en borgmester, en rådmand og to af menigheden af hver købstad og nogle af almuen, alle med fuldmagt på deres vegne, der hjemme sad. Da var forskrevne højbårne fyrste Hertug Friedrich begærende svar på forskrevne forsynlighed, som han tit tilforne haver været begærende. Da sammen gik (trådte sammen) alle forskrevne og gav de hannem samdrægteligt sådan et svar på sine begæringer, at Danmark er et frit kårerige (valgrige) og kunne (det) derfor ej gøre være (blive gjort) eller fulgt at samtykke (i) det (at) Riget, slotte eller stæder, skal partes eller deles udi flere Herrers vold end een. Givet udi Kalundborg løverdagen næst efter Hellig Legems dag efter Guds byrd mcdxcquarto (1494) under alle vores førskrevne sekreter og indsegl.
(Kilde: Palle Laurings Danmarkshistorie bind 5, Unionskrigene.)

Danmark i 1400-tallet

Udelelighedsbrevet


Kijev Do je naseljeno mjesto u općini Ravno, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH.

Zemljopis

Nalazi se tri kilometra od entitetske granice s Republikom Srpskom i tri kilometra od državne granice s Republikom Hrvatskom.

Povijest

Godine 1629. posjetio je Donju Hercegovinu biskup fra Dominik Andrijašević. Tada je Donja Hercegovina bila pretežno katolička, s brojnim župama i crkvama. Prigodom posjeta Donjoj Hercegovini, zabilježio je župe u Popovu polju i među njima župu Kijevo, Beleniće i Grepce u kojoj su crkva i 33 katoličke obitelji.

U ratu u BiH, JNA je etnički čistila hrvatska sela u Dubrovačkom zaleđu. Dana 13. studenoga 1991. pripadnici JNA počinili su zločin prilikom kojeg su ubili osmoricu hrvatskih civila.

Stanovništvo

1991.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 1991. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 38

 Hrvati - 23
 Srbi - 15

2013.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 2013. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 66

 Hrvati - 54
 Srbi - 12

Izvori

Naselja u Hercegovačko-neretvanskoj županiji
Ravno

Kijev Do


Lyngby Boldklub sæson 2018-19 er Lyngby Boldklubs 15. sæson i den næstbedste danske fodboldrække 1. division, og den 97. som fodboldklub. Udover 1. division deltog klubben i DBU Pokalen. Foruden at have et hold i 1. division har Lyngby Boldklub yderligere senior hold i Reserveligaen, Sjælland Serie 2 og Sjælland Serie 4.

Før sæsonen blev cheftræner Thomas Nørgaard fyret.

Mark Strudal er ny cheftræner i Lyngby Boldklub.

I vinterpausen blev Mark Strudal fyret, Christian Nielsen blev ny cheftræner.

Klub

Førsteholdets trænerstab

Klubadministration

Sponsor
Entreprenørvirksomheden Jönsson.

Spillere

Førstehold

Ind

Ud

Turneringer

1. division

Resultatoverblik

Resultater efter hver runder

Kampe
Lyngby BK's kampe i sæsonen 2018-19.

Træningskampe

Sydbank Pokalen

Reserveligaen

Grundspil

Slutspil

Referencer

Lyngby BK sæsoner
Danske fodboldklubbers sæson 2018-19

Lyngby Boldklub sæson 2018-19


The Informers es una película de 2009 escrita por Bret Easton Ellis y Nicholas Jarecki y dirigida por Gregor Jordan. La filmación tuvo lugar en Los Ángeles, Uruguay y Buenos Aires.

Fue la última película protagonizada por el actor Brad Renfro antes de su muerte, ocurrida el 15 de enero de 2008, a los 25 años. La película fue dedicada en su memoria.

Un artículo publicado por la agencia Reuters describió la trama de la película como "siete historias que tienen lugar durante una semana en la vida de ejecutivos de películas, estrellas de rock, un vampiro y otros personajes moralmente desafiados", ambientada en la década de 1980.

Elenco
Billy Bob Thornton como William Sloan.
Kim Basinger como Laura Sloan.
Mickey Rourke como Peter.
Winona Ryder como Cheryl Laine.
Fernando Consagra como Brunce.
Jon Foster como Graham Sloan.
Amber Heard como Christie.
Rhys Ifans como Roger.
Chris Isaak como Les Price.
Austin Nichols como Martin.
Lou Taylor Pucci como Tim Price.
Mel Raido como Bryan Metro.
Brad Renfro como Jack.
Theo Rossi como Spaz.
Cameron Goodman como Susan Sloan.
Aaron Himelstein como Raymond.
Jessica Stroup como Rachel.
Angela Sarafyan como Mary.
Simone Kessell como Nina Metro.
Katy Mixon como Patty.
Daniel Rosenberg como Rocko.

Referencias

Películas rodadas en Buenos Aires
Películas rodadas en Uruguay
Películas rodadas en Argentina
Películas con temática LGBT de 2008

en:The Informers (2009 film)
ja:インフォーマーズ

The Informers


Nexus er en dansk kortfilm fra 2012 instrueret af Anders Helde.

Medvirkende

 Stig Hoffmeyer, Ham
 Ulla Henningsen, Hende
 Claus Flygare, Den fremmede
 Claus Bue, Otto
 Pia Brinch Jensen, Fløjtespilleren
 Vickie Bak Laursen, Receptionisten

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2012

Nexus (film)


Tmor planina je planina u Bosni i Hercegovini, u srednjoj Bosni, nedaleko od Bosne s Hercegovinom. Prostire se u općini Tarčinu. Nalazi se ponad gradića Tarčina. S istoka teče Bila (Bijela) rijeka, a sa sjevera Crna rijeka koje se spajaju u Lepenicu. Zapadno su Visočica i Ječmeno brdo, južno je Ivan-planina. Sjeverno je Volujak. Naseljena sa sjeverne i istočne strane.

Izvori

Planine u Bosni i Hercegovini

Tmor-planina


Giba (sardinski: Gìba) je grad i općina (comune) u pokrajini Južnoj Sardiniji u regiji Sardiniji, Italija. Nalazi se na nadmorskoj visini od 59 metara i ima 2 057 stanovnika. Prostire se na 30,44 km². Gustoća naseljenosti je 68 st/km².Susjedne općine su: Piscinas, San Giovanni Suergiu i Tratalias.

Izvori

Gradovi na Sardiniji

Giba


Duncan I. Bolesni (škot. Donnchadh mac Crìonain) (?, 5. kolovoza 1001. – blizu Elgina, Moray, Škotska, 14. kolovoza 1040.), škotski kralj od 1034. do 1040. iz dinastije Dunkelda.

Sin je škotske princeze Bethóc i unuk škotskog kralja Malcolma II. (1005. – 1034.), koji ga je nezakonitim činom postavio za vladara Strathclydea, a potom i za svog nasljednika, čime je bio narušen ustaljeni red nasljeđivanja prijestolja.

Premda je, poslije djedove smrti, mirno preuzeo krunu, uskoro se morao sukobiti s protukandidatom za prijestolje, Macbethom, knezom Morayja, koji je također bio u rodbinskoj vezi s bivšom kraljevskom obitelji Alpina.

Godine 1038. grof Bernice napao je Cumbriju, zbog čega je Duncan I. poveo veliku vojsku i opsjeo Durham, gdje je sljedeće godine doživio veliki poraz. Godine 1040. poveo je vojsku na Moray i poginuo u sukobu s rivalom Macbethom, koji je nakon njegove smrti preuzeo škotsku krunu.

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Duncan I. - Hrvatska enciklopedija
 Duncan I. - Proleksis enciklopedija
 Duncan I., kralj Škota - Britannica Online
 Duncan I. - englishmonarchs.co.uk
 Kralj Duncan I. - undiscoveredscotland.co.uk

Životopisi, Škotska
Škotski vladari
Dunkeldi

Duncan I.


Hill Head is a residential area and village on the coast of the Solent. It is located south of Stubbington, west of Lee-on-the-Solent and south east of Titchfield, in the borough of Fareham, Hampshire. Hill Head is in the Gosport parliamentary constituency. The MP is Caroline Dinenage of the Conservative party since 2010. Hill Head has a sandy beach with sailing, windsurfing, kitesurfing and fishing being the most popular pastimes upon its shores. There is also a small harbour, located where the River Meon enters the Solent. It is next to Titchfield Haven National Nature Reserve.

Hill Head has a substantial elderly population – 90.45% of its 7,121 residents are over 65, compared to an English average of 15.89%. At the 2011 Census the ward population had risen to 7,170.

During World War II, Hill Head was one of many loading zones for the D-Day invasions and the area was inundated with allied troops. Along the coast here there are still many reminders of the war time activities including remnants of fortifications. Part of a Mulberry harbour broke away and was grounded at Hill Head beach. It remained there for many years. Seafield Park, a Royal Navy establishment was nearby.

The Swordfish public house at Hill Head was demolished in 2004 to make way for a small development of beach-front homes known as Swordfish Close. The name Swordfish is derived from the World War Two bomber the Fairey Swordfish which flew from the nearby airfield at RNAS Lee-on-Solent (HMS Daedalus). Swordfish Close has been featured in the popular BBC television series Seaside Rescue. The pub was previously called the Marine Court Hotel. The only remaining pub along Hill Head beach-front is The Osborne View, so named as Osborne House (residential home of Queen Victoria) is visible on a clear day.

Between 1985 and 1990, Hill Head's beaches featured in the BBC TV show Howards' Way, which was mostly filmed at nearby Bursledon, Hamble-le-Rice, Warsash and Swanwick.

Bus services to and from Hill Head are provided by First, with a half-hourly circular service to and from Fareham.

The area currently has a convenience store with a post office, a lighting shop, a door and windows shop, two hairdressers, a Chinese takeaway and a prep school.

References

Borough of Fareham
Populated coastal places in Hampshire

Hill Head


The Wheeling Nailers are a professional ECHL ice hockey team based in Wheeling, West Virginia. They are the ECHL affiliate of the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League and the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins of the American Hockey League.

The Nailers are the oldest surviving minor league franchise below the level of the American Hockey League, with unbroken continuity of franchise and never having missed a season of play.

Franchise history
The Nailers began play in 1981 in the Atlantic Coast Hockey League as the Carolina Thunderbirds based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The Thunderbirds won four consecutive regular season titles and were three-time Bob Payne Trophy winners as league champions.  In 1987, the ACHL folded and the team joined the All-American Hockey League for the 1987–88 season. The Thunderbirds, Virginia Lancers, and Johnstown Chiefs then became the basis for the East Coast Hockey League, now known as the ECHL. The Thunderbirds lost the first ECHL playoff championship final to the Toledo Storm. The team was renamed Winston-Salem Thunderbirds in 1990 and moved to Wheeling to become the Wheeling Thunderbirds in 1992 under the leadership of president and co-owner Ed Broyhill.

After a trademark dispute with the Seattle Thunderbirds of the Western Hockey League, the team was renamed Nailers for the 1996–97 season when the franchise held a contest open to local fans, which was won by C. J. Wickham of Steubenville, Ohio. The name "Nailers" was chosen for the city's long history of nail manufacturing. For the 2012–13 season, the Nailers dropped the red-black-gold scheme they had used for nearly two decades in favor of a black-and-gold palette used by the Penguins.

The team plays at the WesBanco Arena (formerly the Wheeling Civic Center), and used the Cambria County War Memorial Arena in Johnstown, Pennsylvania as an alternative venue during the 2010–2011 and 2011-2012 seasons. After missing the playoffs for five straight seasons, they had a 106-point season in 2003–04. They were defeated by the Reading Royals in 5 games, 3–2. In season 2005–06 they had a great season making it to the second round of the playoffs losing to Toledo in the final second of the final game.

In August 2011, the Nailers moved to the Eastern Conference's Atlantic Division as part of the league realignment for the 2011–12 season. The Chicago Express took the North Division spot vacated by the Nailers. In June 2014 the Nailers returned to the North Division after the ECHL eliminated the Atlantic Division in its realignment for the 2014–15 season.

On March 29, 2012, the ECHL announced that ownership of the Nailers would be transferred from the Brooks-owned Nailers Hockey LLC to the Hockey Club of the Ohio Valley, a joint venture of the Ohio Valley Industrial & Business Development Corporation, and the Wheeling Amateur Hockey Association, to take effect at the conclusion of the 2011–2012 season.

Season-by-season results

Players and personnel

Current roster
Updated June 24, 2023.

Head coaches

Doug Sauter 1992–95
Larry Kish 1995–96
Tom McVie 1996–97
Peter Laviolette 1997–98
Chris Jensen 1998–99
Murray Eaves 1999–2000
Alain Lemieux 2000–01
Joe Harney (interim) 2001
John Brophy 2001–03
Pat Bingham 2003–05
Glenn Patrick 2005–08
Greg Puhalski 2008–10
Stan Drulia 2010–11
Clark Donatelli 2011–15
David Gove 2015–16
Jeff Christian 2016–18
Mike Bavis 2018–2020
Mark French 2020–2021
Derek Army 2021–present

Notable NHL alumni
List of Wheeling Nailers/Thunderbirds alumni who played more than 25 games in Wheeling and 25 or more games in the National Hockey League.

Notes
1.The ECHL's Utah Grizzlies franchise also dates from 1981, but was dormant from 2003-2005.

References

External links

 Official website

ECHL teams
Ice hockey teams in West Virginia
Philadelphia Flyers minor league affiliates
Pittsburgh Penguins minor league affiliates
Ice hockey clubs established in 1981
Montreal Canadiens minor league affiliates
1981 establishments in North Carolina
Sports in Wheeling, West Virginia

Wheeling Nailers


La ventana de enfrente (1998) es una película estadounidense hecha para televisión dirigida por Jeff Bleckner. Se trata de una adaptación a la pequeña pantalla del clásico La ventana indiscreta (1954), de Alfred Hitchcock, cuyo guion fue modificado y actualizado por los guionistas y productores Larry Gross y Eric Overmyer. Se emitió por primera vez en el canal ABC, el 22 de noviembre de 1998.

El título original de esta producción es Rear Window, el mismo que la versión protagonizada por James Stewart y Grace Kelly, pero su traducción libre al español puede llevar a confusión, ya que comparte nombre con una película italiana de 2003, dirigida por Ferzan Özpetek, que nada tiene que ver con la película de 1954 ni con la adaptación.

Sinopsis
Jason Kemp, un exarquitecto tetrapléjico, sobrelleva su aburrimiento diario mediante el voyeurismo, pasatiempo que le permite espiar a sus vecinos desde la ventana de su apartamento sin ser visto. Una noche, mientras está observando desde su silla, es testigo de cómo Ilene Thorpe, una de sus vecinas, es víctima de los malos tratos de su marido Julian, un escultor. En consecuencia Kemp llama al 911, logrando que la policía detenga a Thorpe, si bien es liberado a la mañana siguiente. En la misma noche de la liberación del agresor, Kemp escucha horrorizado un agónico grito que entra por su ventana, proveniente del patio interior que se extiende entre su edificio y el de Thorpe. Desde esa noche, Ilene, la esposa del escultor, es aparentemente sustituida por otra mujer de sus mismas características.

Jason, seguro como está de que Ilene ha sido asesinada por su marido, intenta convencer de la certeza de sus sospechas a su novia Claudia, a su enfermero Antonio y a su amigo Charlie. Sin embargo, mientras ellos se resisten a creerle, Thorpe se percata de que Kemp sabe lo que ha hecho, forzándole a comenzar un mortal juego del ratón y el gato con el fin de silenciar al supuesto testigo para siempre.

Notas de Producción
El papel de Jason Kemp fue el primero realizado por Christopher Reeve desde que sufrió el grave accidente de hípica que lo dejó paralizado en una silla de ruedas. La película contiene escenas que detallan el proceso de rehabilitación del personaje, las cuales están basadas en la terapia física que el propio Reeve experimentaba. En el set, el actor superó por primera vez uno de los grandes obstáculos a los que se enfrentaba a diario: hablar sin la necesidad de estar conectado a un respirador.

La ventana de enfrente se rodó en la ciudad de Nueva York, en el Burke Rehabilitation Center (donde Reeve era tratado), en White Plains, Nueva York, y en dos ascensores modificados de la Otis Elevator Company, en Yonkers. Así mismo, se rodaron algunas escenas en Newark, Nueva Jersey, en el New Jersey Performing Arts Center.

Reparto
• Christopher Reeve..... Jason Kemp

• Daryl Hannah..... Claudia Henderson

• Robert Forster..... Detective Charlie Moore

• Ruben Santiago-Hudson..... Antonio Fredericks

• Anne Twomey..... Leila Kemp

• Ritchie Coster ..... Julian Thorpe

• Allison Mackie ..... Ilene Thorpe/La hermana de Ilene

Recepción de la Crítica
En su crítica en Entertainment Weekly, Ken Tucker dijo: «La tragedia real de Reeve hace que produzca verdadero miedo la escena en la que el malo corta el tubo del respirador de Jason. Pero el problema aquí no es tanto la actuación de Reeve como la floja, torpe y frecuentemente confusa adaptación televisiva que hacen Eric Overmyer y Larry Gross. La producción, además, podría haber contado con la participación de un personaje secundario con la exuberancia y la bravuconería de Thelma Ritter en la película original.»

Premios y nominaciones
• Premio Globo de Oro por Mejor Actuación en Serie, Miniserie o Película hecha para Televisión (Christopher Reeve, nominado).

• Premio del Sindicato de Actores de Cine por Mejor Actuación Masculina en una Miniserie o Película para Televisión (Christopher Reeve, ganador).

• Premio Emmy por Mejor Composición Musical en Miniserie o Película (nominada).

• Premio Edgar por Mejor Producción Televisiva o Miniserie (nominada).

Véase también
 La ventana indiscreta

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 La Ventana de Enfrente en Filmaffinity

Nuevas versiones de películas
Películas rodadas en Nueva York

La ventana de enfrente (película de 1998)


La fosfodiesterasa 4  () es una enzima que cataliza la reacción de hidrólisis del fosfato cíclico del adenosín monofosfato cíclico (cAMP) que es un regulador importante de procesos fisiológicos.

 cAMP + H2O  AMP

Esta enzima es uno de los 11 tipos de fosfodiesterasas cíclicas conocidos (PDE1-PDE11). En el ser humano se conocen cuatro isozimas de esta proteína según la siguiente tabla.

(*) Las isoformas se listan según el orden de número de isoforma de la base de datos UniProtKB. La primera isoforma listada es la secuencia canónica.

Referencias

Fosfodiesterasas
EC 3.1.4

Fosfodiesterasa 4


Amerikan İç Savaşı (The Civil War) veya genelde Güney eyaletlerinde kullanılan diğer adıyla Eyaletler Arası Savaş (The War Between the States) (12 Nisan 1861 – 26 Mayıs 1865), Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin Washington'daki yönetimi ("Union" veya "the North") ile ülkeden ayrılmak isteyen 11 Güney Eyaleti ("the South" veya "Konfederasyon") arasında çıkmış dört yıl süren geniş kapsamlı bir iç savaştır. Savaşın temel nedeni, ekonomisi tarıma dayalı güney eyaletlerinde yoğun olarak ucuz işgücü mahiyetinde kullanılan köleliğin ülkenin Kuzey Amerika'nın batı bölgelerine doğru genişlemesi nedeniyle tartışılmaya başlanması ve sanayileşmiş kuzey bölgelerinde uygulandığı gibi tüm ülkede yasaklanıp yasaklanmayacağı konusundaki anlaşmazlıktı.

11 Güneyli Eyalet Abraham Lincoln'un 1860 yılında yapılan seçimlerde başkan seçilmesiyle Jefferson Davis komutasında bağımsızlıklarını ilan etmişlerdir. 12 Nisan 1861 yılında ise Güney Carolina'daki Sumter Kalesi'nden ilk top atışıyla birlikte savaş başlamıştır.

Savaşın ilk sonucu Lincoln'un duraksamalarına ve bazı Demokrat Partililerin tepkisine rağmen köleliğin kaldırılmasıdır. 22 Eylül 1862'de hazırlanmaya başlanan, 1 Ocak 1863'te uygulamaya konan bu önlem, 13 anayasa değişikliği önergesinin oylanıp kabul edilmesiyle 31 Ocak 1865'te yasallaşmıştır. Ancak bu zaferden beş gün sonra Lincoln bir suikast sonucu öldürülmüştür.

Savaşın nedenleri

19. yüzyılın ortalarında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin güneydoğu bölgelerinde büyük çiftliklerin ağırlıkta olduğu ve tarıma dayanan bir ekonomi yerleşmişti. Bu çiftliklerde özellikle pamuk, tütün ve şeker kamışı yetiştirilmekte ve gereken işgücü Afrika'dan kaçırılıp getirilen siyahi kökenlilerden oluşan kölelerden sağlanmaktaydı. ABD'nin diğer bölgelerinde ekonomi sanayiye yönelmiş ve bunun gerektirdiği serbest işgücü için kölelik ortadan kaldırılmıştı. ABD'nin batı kesiminde hala yeni eyaletler kurulmaya devam ediyor ve bu yeni eyaletlerin çoğunda kölelik yasaklanıyordu. Bu ortamda güney eyaletleri köleliğin eninde sonunda güneyde de yasaklanacağından endişelenmekteydiler. Bu da güneyin köleliğe dayanan üretim tarzını kökünden tehdit ediyordu. Köleliği kaldırmaya söz vererek seçime katılan başkan adayı Abraham Lincoln seçimi kazanınca güneyli 7 eyalet (Güney Karolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Teksas, Georgia ve Louisiana) yeni başkanın köleliği kaldıracağına kesin gözle bakarak hemen ABD'den bağımsızlığını ilan ettiler. Bu eyaletler Jefferson Davis'in başkanlığı altında Amerika Konfedere Devletleri adı altında yeni bir devlet kurdular. Kısa bir süre sonra buna 4 eyalet (Virginia, Arkansas, Kuzey Karolina ve Tennessee) daha katıldı. Bu toplam 11 eyalet Amerikan İç Savaşı'nda güneyli "Konfederasyon" tarafını oluşturdular. Ülkenin geri kalan kısmı (özellikle kuzeydoğu kısmı) da Birlik "Union" veya "the North" tarafını oluşturdular. Bir süre sonra iki devlet arasında savaş patlak verdi.

Kuzeyin galibiyeti

Amerikan İç Savaşı'nın ilk yıllarında hiçbir taraf üstünlük sağlayamadı. Her iki taraftan da birçok kayıplar oldu ve her iki taraf da zaman zaman askeri başarılar elde etse de baskın çıkamadı. 1863 yılının Temmuz ayında gerçekleşen Gettysburg Muharebesi önemli bir dönüm noktası oldu. Güneyden 75 bin, kuzeyden 82 bin askerin katıldığı bu savaşta her iki taraf da askerlerinin yaklaşık üçte birini kaybettiler ama kuzeyliler güneylilere karşı ciddi bir üstünlük sağladı. En sonunda 9 Nisan 1865 tarihinde kuzey orduları güneyli ünlü komutan Robert Edward Lee'nin ordularını birkaç koldan sardılar ve teslim olmaya mecbur bıraktılar. Aynı yılın Haziran ayında geri kalan bütün güney askerleri de silahlarını bırakarak teslim oldular ve  Amerikan İç Savaşı kuzeyin zaferiyle sona erdi. Savaşın sonuna yaklaşırken kuzeyli başkan Abraham Lincoln bir güneylinin yaptığı suikast sonucu vurularak öldü.

Savaşın sonuçları

Savaşın bitiminde güneydeki bütün kölelere özgürlük hakları verildi, kısa süre sonra da oy kullanma hakkı kazandılar. ABD'nin güneyinde köleliğe dayanan tarım ekonomisi sona erdi. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri bölünme tehlikesinin üstesinden gelerek tekrar tek bir ülke olarak birleşmiş oldu. Savaşın sonunda güneydeki siyahilere birçok hak verildiyse de, bunlar kısa süre içinde güneyli beyazlar tarafından geri alındı. Ayrıca savaştan önce ABD'nin güney ve kuzey tarafları eşit zenginlikteyken, savaştan sonra güney ekonomik yıkıma uğradı ve kuzey öne geçti.

Savaş döneminde medyanın muharebeleri yerinden takip etmesi gazetecilerin maaşlarının artmasına, gazete abonelik ücretlerinin yükselmesine ve dolayısıyla medyanın ABD'deki konumunun güçlenmesine neden oldu. Sürekli olarak medyaya demeç veren, halkla ilişkiler faaliyeti yürüten ve propaganda yapan ilk başkan Abraham Lincoln, kendinden sonraki başkanların bu alanda rol modeli oldu.

Birlik ve Konfederasyon'un Karşılaştırılması

İlgili filmler

İlgili belgeseller
 ' The American Civil War in North Carolina ', (??) Opening
 ' Sherman's March to Gerorgea ', (History Channel, 2007) Opening

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız

Dış bağlantılar

 Kongre Kütüphesindeki İç Savaş Fotoğrafları Koleksiyonu 'ndan Fotoğraflar
 The Civil War , Ken Burns tarafından Public Broadcasting Service için hazırlanan belgesel
 Her bir eyaletin iç savaşa kattıkları: Illinois #1 , Ohio , Pennsylvania
 WWW-VL: History: USA Civil War 1855–1865
 Civil War Preservation Trust
 Gettysburg Kolejindeki İç Savaş Dönemi Dijital Koleksiyonu Bu koleksiyon iç savaş dönemi ile ilgili Gettysbur Kolejinde bulunan politik karikatürlerin dijital versiyonlarını, kişisel yazıları, haritaları, boyamaları ve fotoğrafları içerir.
 Fort Morgan ve Mobile Körfezi Savaşı
 "WWW Guide to Civil War Prisons" (2004)  İç savaş hapishaneleri ile ilgili internet için hazırlanan bir kılavuz.
 TOCWOC Civil War Blog  İç Savaş hakkında amatör blogların bulunduğu bir grup.
 Amerikan İç Savaşı: Gettysburg  Amerikan İç Savaşı ve Gettysburg Muharebesi

1861'de çatışmalar
1862'de çatışmalar
1860'larda çatışmalar
1860'larda Amerika Birleşik Devletleri
19. yüzyılda çatışmalar
1863'te çatışmalar
1864'te çatışmalar
1865'te çatışmalar
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin savaşları
Bağımsızlık savaşları

Amerikan İç Savaşı


An Cryptocoryne nurii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Caetano Xavier Furtado. An Cryptocoryne nurii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cryptocoryne, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Cryptocoryne

Cryptocoryne nurii


An Carex boliviensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Van Heurck ngan Johannes Müller Argoviensis. An Carex boliviensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 C. b. boliviensis
 C. b. occidentalis

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex boliviensis


El DKW F102 es un automóvil que fue producido inicialmente por el fabricante alemán de Auto Union AG y más tarde por Volkswagen AG después de que esta última adquiriera las marcas Auto Unión de Daimler-Benz AG en 1964.

Su predecesor fue el Auto Union 1000 y 1000S en 1963. Fue el último modelo desarrollado antes de que Volkswagen tomara posesión, y bajo sus auspicios se proporcionó la base para los posteriores modelos Audi F103.

El F102 apareció con los últimos avances en la tecnología en motores de dos tiempos para su época y de una carrocería de diseño moderno. Sin embargo, el mercado de la década de 1960 consideraba los motores de dos tiempos como pasados de moda, en consecuencia, los F102 se vendieron por debajo de las expectativas de la compañía y fue la fuente de enormes pérdidas financieras.

La producción de los motores de dos tiempos cesó, y el F102 fue rediseñado para adaptarse a un de cuatro cilindros en línea y cuatro tiempos. En este punto el nombre de DKW fue abandonado, y el F103 se convirtió en el primer coche con un emblema de Audi desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Enlaces externos

F102
Modelos de automóviles del segmento D
Modelos de automóviles de Alemania

DKW F102


Lorenzos Reise ist ein 2007 erschienener Roman des italienischen Schriftstellers Andrea Bajani.

Überblick
Das Buch handelt von dem Jungen Lorenzo, den die Mutter bei ihrem Lebensgefährten in Italien zurückgelassen hatte, um in der Aufbruchstimmung nach dem Fall des Eisernen Vorhangs in Rumänien ein neues Leben anzufangen und möglichst schnell möglichst viel Geld zu verdienen. Nach dem Tod der Mutter fährt Lorenzo zur Beerdigung nach Rumänien. Die Reise wird zu einer Spurensuche nach seiner Mutter und lässt in dem Erzähler Verletzungen, die ihm in seiner Kindheit angetan wurden, wieder in sein Bewusstsein dringen. Es erschien zunächst auf Italienisch als Andrea Bajani: Se consideri le colpe. Milano, Einaudi, 2007 (Erstausgabe ISBN 9788806187194) und in deutscher Sprache im Jahr 2011 als Lorenzos Reise. in der Übersetzung von Pieke Biermann. (München, dtv, 2011. ISBN 978-3-423-24866-2)

Inhalt
Die Geschichte beginnt mit der Ankunft Lorenzos am Flughafen in Bukarest. Der Grund für den Aufenthalt in Rumänien ist die Beerdigung seiner Mutter Lula. Für Lorenzo werden die Tage in diesem fremden Land zu einer Reise in die Vergangenheit. Vor vielen Jahren wurden der kleine Junge und sein Stiefvater von Lula verlassen. Lorenzos Mutter wollte in Rumänien ihre beruflichen Ziele verwirklichen. Viele Italiener landen in Bukarest, um sich mit neuen Ideen eine Zukunft aufzubauen, und aus diesem Grund haben sie ihre Firmensitze ins Ausland verlegt.  Viele erhoffen sich hier bessere Chancen als in der Heimat.  In dieser Geschichte wollen nicht die Osteuropäer in einem wirtschaftlich stärkeren Land Fuß fassen, sondern es sind italienische Auswanderer in Rumänien. Das große Geld machen – das war auch der Wunsch von Lorenzos Mutter Lula, die mit einem lebensgroßen Schlankheitsei ihr Glück versuchen wollte. Die Zukunftspläne der Mutter klingen zunächst noch vielversprechend. Doch mit der Zeit ließ Lula immer weniger und zum Schluss nichts mehr von sich hören. Das Warten und Hoffen auf Lulas Rückkehr nahm kein Ende. Wie eine schreckliche Krankheit nagt die Ungewissheit an Lorenzo. Erst als der bereits erwachsene Mann sich auf den direkten Spuren seiner Mutter befindet, bekommt er endlich Klarheit: Lula ist an ihrem Vorhaben gescheitert.

Buchpreise
Der Roman erhielt mehrere Auszeichnungen:
 Premio Super Mondello
 Premio Recanati
 2008 Premio Brancati

Weblinks
Seite des einaudiverlags (italienisch)
Buchbesprechung
Rezension (Bücherwurmloch)

Einzelnachweise

Literarisches Werk
Literatur (Italienisch)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)

Lorenzos Reise


Akışkan, sıvıları, gazları, plazmaları ve bazı durumlarda plastik katıları (eriyik) kapsayan, maddenin hallerinin bir altkümesidir.

Akışkanlar, kayma gerilmesi altında sürekli biçim değiştirir (akar). Akışkanlar, akma kabiliyetinin bir sonucu olarak bulundukları kapların şeklini alır.

Bu özellikler, tipik olarak durağan denge halinde kayma gerilmesine dayanamamanın bir sonucudur. Bir katıda, gerinme, zorlanmanın fonksiyonu iken, bir akışkanda, gerinme zorlanma oranının fonksiyonudur. Yani katı cisim kayma gerilmesine maruz kaldığında şekil değişimine uğrar ve bu şekil değişimi katının elastik şekil değişimi ile sınırlıdır. Akışkan ise kayma gerilmesine uğradığı sürece şekil değişimine (yani akmaya) devam eder.

Bu davranışın sonucu, akışkanın durum karakteristiğinde basıncın rolünün önemini gösteren Pascal yasası'dır.

Akışkanlar özelliklerine göre ikiye ayrılabilir:
 Newton tipi
 Newton tipi olmayan

Akışkanların davranışı, kütlenin korunumu, çizgisel momentumun korunumu, açısal momentumun korunumu ve enerjinin korunumu yasalarına dayanan bir kısmî diferansiyel denklem sistemi olan Navier–Stokes denklemleriyle tanımlanır.

Akışkanlar, gazlar ve sıvılar içerisinde de sınıflandırılmışlardır. Sıvılar serbest yüzey formundadır (yani, yüzey bulunduğu kap tarafından şekillendirilmemiştir), gazlar ise değildir, tüm hacmi kaplar.

Katılar ve akışkanlar arasındaki fark, bazen çok açık değildir. Fark maddenin viskozitesinin saptanması ile oluşur; örneğin, silikon plastik farklı zamanlarda hem katı, hem de akışkan olarak tanımlanabilir.

Akışkanların özelliklerini inceleyen çalışmalar, akışkanlar mekaniği olarak adlandırılır. Akışkanlar mekaniği de akışkanın hareket haline bağlı olarak, akışkanlar dinamiği ve akışkanlar statiği olarak alt bölümlere ayrılır.

Termodinamik

Akışkan


Die Pietàkapelle ist eine 1904 errichtete neogotische Backsteinkapelle in der Bauerschaft Lehmbrock von Ostbevern. Sie dient der örtlichen Fronleichnamsprozession als zweite Segensstation und wurde 1984 von der Flurbereinigung Ostbevern neu errichtet.

Beschreibung

Die Kapelle steht zu Beginn des Nordrings an der Weggabelung zum ersten Feldweg. Sie ist circa drei Meter hoch und besteht aus dunkelrotem Backstein. Das Gebäude ist durch ein schlichtes Satteldach eingedeckt.

In dem Gebäude steht eine Pietà im Nazarenerstil. Ursprünglich wurde sie flankiert von zwei Engeln mit einem Schweißtuch und der Inschrift "Groß wie das Meer sind meine Schmerzen", die heute nicht mehr vorhanden sind. Auf dem altarähnlichen Block, der den Bildstock trägt, steht geschrieben: "Schmerzhafte Mutter, bitte für uns! Bernhard Gr. Hokamp, Anna Gr. Hokamp geb. Wulfers 1904".
Auf der rechten Seite, unterhalb des Fensters ist ein Sandstein angebracht mit folgender Inschrift:

Geschichte
Die Kapelle wurde von den Eheleuten Große Hokamp 1904, im Jahr ihrer Hochzeit, gestiftet. Vorher hatte an der Stelle ein Holzkreuz mit Korpus gestanden, das morsch geworden war und auf Anordnung des damaligen Pfarrers beim Osterfeuer verbrannt wurde. 1983 musste die Kapelle wegen der Flurbereinigung in Ostbevern abgerissen werden, wurde 1986 im alten Stil wieder neu errichtet und als Abschluss der Flurbereinigung feierlich neu geweiht.

Einzelbelege

Literatur
 Vikar Gr. Vorspohl in Verbindung mit der Pfarrgemeinde St. Ambrosius Ostbevern (Hrsg.): Wegkreuze und Bildstöcke im Pfarrbezirk St. Ambrosius Ostbevern. Krimphoff, Füchtorf 1978, , Nummer 111 (Verfasser: Josef Gr. Vorspohl, Reinhard Drees, Norbert Reher).

Weblinks

 Station bei der Prozession in Ostbevern
Ostbevern, Marienkapelle
Ostbevern, Marienkapelle
Sakralbau in Ostbevern
Ostbevern
Sakralbau in Europa

Pietàkapelle (Ostbevern)


البرنامج الباكستاني في أنتاركتيكا (PAP) هو جزء من وزارة العلوم والتكنولوجيا الباكستانية. البرنامج هو وكالة حكومة باكستان التي تدير قواعد ومحكات أنتاركتيكا والمناكق المحيطة بها ويقع مقرها في إسلام أباد. أنشئت خلية البحوث القطبية في إطار المعهد الوطني لعلوم المحيطات في كراتشي لتنسيق جميع الأنشطة ذات الصلة بأنتاركتيكا.

الأهداف

الأهداف الرئيسية للبرنامج هي باكستان القطب الجنوبي لإجراء بحوث ومسوح في المنطقة القطبية الجنوبية وخاصة في ميدان الجيولوجيا والجيوفيزياء. الدراسات تشمل أيضا البحوث البيئية وعلم المحيطات. هذا البرنامج يهدف أيضا إلى توفير المعلومات التقنية ذات الصلة إلى حكومة باكستان في شؤون أنتاركتيكا.

محطات

تمتلك باكستان محطة بحوث صيفية (محطة جناه) ومرصدا واحدا للأحوال الجوية في محيط جبال سور روندان. كما أن باكستان تخطط لبناء قاعدة دائمة العضوية الكاملة في القارة القطبية الجنوبية التي ستمكن البرنامج لبدء عملياتها في القارة القطبية الجنوبية على مدار السنة.

مراجع

حكومة نواز شريف
العلم والتكنولوجيا في القارة القطبية الجنوبية
العلوم والتقنية في باكستان
برامج في القارة القطبية الجنوبية
تاريخ العلوم والتكنولوجيا في باكستان

البرنامج الباكستاني في القارة القطبية الجنوبية


Below are lists of religious converts. The term proselyte is often used as a synonym for religious converts, although historically it first referred solely to converts to Judaism.

Converts

Lists of religious converts


Aetheolaena, biljni rod iz porodice glavočika, smješten u podtribus Senecioninae. Postoji 22 priznate vrste autohtone u Južnoj Americi, i to od Bolivije i Perua na jugu, do Kolumbije i Venezuele na sjeveru.

Rod je opisan 1827.; tipična je vrsta Cacalia involucrata Kunth. (A. involucrata).

Vrste

 Aetheolaena caldasensis (Cuatrec.) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena campanulata (Sch.Bip. ex Klatt) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena cuencana (Hieron.) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena decipiens (Benoist) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena doryphylla (Cuatrec.) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena heterophylla (Turcz.) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena hypoleuca (Turcz.) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena involucrata Cass.
 Aetheolaena ledifolia (Kunth) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena lingulata (Schltdl.) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena loeseneri (Hieron.) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena longepenicillata (Sch.Bip. ex Sandwith) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena mochensis (Hieron.) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena mojandensis (Hieron.) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena otophora (Wedd.) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena patens (Kunth) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena pichinchensis (Cuatrec.) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena puracensis (Cuatrec.) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena rosana (Cuatrec.) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena senecioides (Kunth) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena subinvolucrata (Cuatrec.) B.Nord.
 Aetheolaena yacuanguensis (Cuatrec.) B.Nord.

Izvori

Senecioneae

Aetheolaena


صالح زيدان سياسي فلسطيني مقيم في غزة، عضو المكتب السياسي للجبهة الديمقراطية لتحرير فلسطين.

مراجع

سياسيو الجبهة الديمقراطية لتحرير فلسطين
سياسيون فلسطينيون
صفحات تحتاج تصنيف سنة الولادة (أشخاص أحياء)
وزراء حكومة السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية
أعضاء المجلس المركزي الفلسطيني

صالح زيدان


Remúlaði (franska: rémoulade) er þykk sósa gerð úr sýrðu grænmeti og kryddi. Sósan er upprunalega frá Frakklandi.

Tenglar

Sósur

Remúlaði


رشيد علي حسين ناصيف طليع (1877–1926) من رجالات الأردن وأول رئيس لحكومة شرق الأردن.

ولادته ونشأته
ولد رشيد طليع في لبنان عام 1877، وهو ينتمي لعشائر بني معروف الدرزية التي تستقرُّ في لبنان وسوريا والأردن وفلسطين، وكانت مشيخة عقل بني معروف غالباً ما تكون في آل طليع، ومن هؤلاء الشيخ محمد طليع عم رشيد طليع. تلقى طليع علومه في المدرسة الملكية بالأستانة عام 1900، ثم تخرَّج من دار الفنون في إستانبول التي كانت تعتبر بمثابة أهم الجامعات في الدولة العثمانية، ومنها كان يتخرج معظم رجالات الدولة العثمانية.

العمل الوظيفي
بعد تخرجه من جامعة دار الفنون في إستانبول شغل رشيد طليع عدة مناصب حكومية رفيعة في الدولة العثمانية، كان منها: منصب متصرف حوران، ومتصرف طرابلس الشام، ومتصرف اللاذقية. شكل في القدس جمعية مساعدة الأحرار، وشارك مع الأمير عادل أرسلان والعقيد فؤاد سليم مع الثوار في مصر ضد الاحتلال الإنكليزي. وعندما إنسحب الأتراك من البلاد العربية وقامت المملكة الفيصلية في الشام التحق رشيد طليع بالملك فيصل بن الحسين في دمشق بعد تلقيه برقية من الملك فيصل بناءً على نصيحة من الوطني العربي السوري الشهير في ذلك العهد محمد الشريقي.

تمَّ تعيين طليع فور وصوله إلى دمشق حاكماً عسكرياً على منطقة حماة، وعندما شكل الملك فيصل أول حكومة أطلق عليها اسم مجلس المديرين (بمثابة مجلس وزراء) تقلد رشيد طليع منصب مدير الداخلية (وزير الداخلية)، وعندما بدأ المستعمرون الفرنسيون مؤامراتهم ضد المملكة الفيصلية لإسقاط حكومتها العربية نقل رشيد طليع ليصبح والياً لمنطقة حلب ومدينتها، ولكن الأمور تسارعت بعد أن تغلبت القوة الفرنسية الغاشمة على القلة المؤمنة في معركة ميسلون التي استشهد فيها القائد العربي يوسف العظمة، ولم تلبث المؤامرة الاستعمارية الفرنسية أن نجحت في إجهاض المملكة الفيصلية وأصبحت سورية تحت الحكم الاستعماري الفرنسي المباشر، فإضطر رجالات المملكة الفيصلية إلى ترك سورية ولجأ العديد منهم إلى شرقي الأردن، وكان من هؤلاء رشيد طليع الذي كان قد أصبح رئيساً لحزب الاستقلال العربي، وكان وصول رشيد طليع إلى شرقي الأردن متزامناً مع وصول الأمير عبد الله بن الحسين الذي بدأ يأخذ بناصية الأمور في شرقي الأردن التي كانت جزءاً من المملكة الفيصلية.

مجلس المشاورين (رئاسة الحكومة)
دخل رشيد طليع اللبناني الدرزي العروبي تاريخ الأردن المعاصر كأول رئيس لأول حكومة أردنية تشكلت في عهد إمارة شرق الأردن في 11 نيسان 1921، فعندما رأى الأمير عبد الله بن الحسين أن الحاجة أصبحت ماسَّـة لتشكيل حكومة في شرقي الأردن تخلف الحكومة الفيصلية، عهد إلى رشيد طليع بتشكيلها ليكون أول رئيس لأول حكومة أردنية وكانت تحمل اسم مجلس المشاورين.

ولم يكن اعتماد الأمير المؤسِّـس عبد الله بن الحسين على رجالات حزب الاستقلال في تأسيس الإمارة وتكليفهم بتشكيل الحكومة في بدايات عهد الإمارة موضع ترحيب من الإنجليز الذين كانوا بحكم الانتداب يتسلطون على فلسطين آنذاك، فعمدوا إلى التضييق على حكومتي الرئيس رشيد طليع الأولى (11 نيسان 1921 حتى 5 تموز 1921) والثانية (5 تموز 1921 حتى 15 آب 1921)، ومنعوا عنهما المخصَّـصات المالية، وكان الإنجليز يتهمون طليع ووزراءه بأنهم جعلوا من الأردن قاعدة للثورة ضد المستعمرين الفرنسيين الذين يحتلون سورية، كما اتهموهم بأنهم وراء محاولة اغتيال الجنرال الفرنسي غورو، وما يزال الإنجليز يكيدون ضدَّ الرئيس رشيد طليع وحكومته حتى اضطروه إلى تقديم استقالته في 23 حزيران 1921.

يعتبر الرئيس رشيد طليع اللولب المحرك لمعظم نشاطات النضال الاستقلالي العروبي ضد المستعمرين الفرنسيين في سورية، ويعتبر من كبار رجالات العرب في عصره، ويوصف بأنه كان رجل كامل الصفات، عالي الأخلاق، ولا يكاد يكون له نظيرٌ في فن الإدارة. توفي، في أيلول عام 1926 في قرية الشبكي التابعة لمحافظة السويداء وتكريما له اقيم له نصب تذكاري في قرية الشبكي بجهود ومبادرة ذاتية من أهل القرية والتي دار فوق رحاها معركة عظيمة أيام الثورة السورية الكبرى وكان من ابرز القادة المشاركين بها المجاهد رشيد بك طليع.

انظر أيضاً
 قائمة رؤساء وزراء الأردن
 قائمة الدروز اللبنانيين

المراجع

روابط خارجية

 موقع رئاسة الوزراء الأردني

آل طليع
أردنيون من أصل لبناني
دروز أردنيون
دروز لبنانيون
رؤساء وزراء الأردن
لبنانيون مهاجرون إلى الأردن
مواليد 1877
مواليد في لبنان
وفيات 1345 هـ
وفيات 1926

رشيد طليع