This is a timeline of chess.

Early history

 6th century – The game chaturanga probably evolved into its current form around this time in India.
 569 – A Chinese emperor wrote a book of xiangqi, Xiang Jing, in AD 569.
 c. 600 – The Karnamuk-i-Artakhshatr-i-Papakan contains references to the Persian game of shatranj, the direct ancestor of modern Chess. Shatranj was initially called "Chatrang" in Persian (named after the Indian version), which was later renamed to shatranj.
 c. 720 – Chess spreads across the Islamic world from Persia.
 c. 840 – Earliest surviving chess problems by Caliph Billah of Baghdad.
 c. 900 – Entry on Chess in the Chinese work Huan Kwai Lu ('Book of Marvels').
 997 – Versus de scachis is the earliest known work mentioning chess in Christian Western Europe.
 1008 – Mention of chess in the will of Count Uregel, another early reference.
 10th century – As-Suli writes Kitab Ash-Shatranj, the earliest known work to take a scientific approach to chess strategy.
 late 10th century – Dark and light squares are introduced on a chessboard.
 1173 – Earliest recorded use of a form of algebraic chess notation.
 1283 – Alfonso X compiles the Libro de los juegos, with an extensive collection of chess problems.
 late 13th century – Pawns can now move two ranks on first move.
 late 14th century – The en passant rule is introduced.
 1422 – A manuscript from Kraków sets the rule that stalemate is a draw.
 1471 – The Göttingen manuscript is the first book to deal solely with chess.
 1474 – William Caxton publishes The Game and Playe of Chesse, the first chess book in English.
 1475–1525 – Castling and the modern moves for the queen and bishop are slowly adopted.
 1475 – Scachs d'amor the first published game of modern chess, written as a poem.
 1493 – Hartmann Schedel publishes the Nuremberg Chronicle. It mentions the invention of chess by the philosopher Xerxes in Babylon during the rule of Evil-Merodach, the son of Nebuchadrezzar and illustrates the citation with a woodcut of Xerxes.
 1497 – Luis Ramirez Lucena publishes the earliest surviving work on the modern European game.

16th century

 1510 – Marco Girolamo Vida wrote Scacchia ludus (The Game of Chess) with the first reference to a goddess of chess.
 1512 – Pedro Damiano publishes one of the first chess treatises, Questo libro e da imparare giocare a scachi et de li partiti. One of the oldest surviving manuscripts to detail chess strategy, Damiano's work gives the earliest known refutation of an unsound chess opening. This opening, the Damiano Defense is named in his honor. The Damiano Variation of the Petrov Defense will also later be named for Damiano's work, appearing in a game in which Damiano (playing white) takes advantage of poor play by Black to fork his King and Queen.
 1561 – Inspired by Damiano's previous written work, Spaniard chess player Ruy López writes his book Libro de la invencion liberal y arte del juego del axedrez, in which he coins the word gambit to describe opening sacrifices.
 1575 – The first known championship between Chess Masters is held in Madrid, between Italian masters Giovanni Leonardo and Paolo Boi along with Spanish masters Ruy López and Alfonso Ceron. Leonardo wins, with Boi placing second, López third, and Ceron fourth.

17th century

 1620-24 – Gioachino Greco writes a number of manuscripts on Chess strategy, giving the first known descriptions of Fool's Mate and Smothered Mate, as well as detailing a number of opening traps. His overall strategy promotes aggressive play. Most of Greco's games feature the King's Gambit Accepted or Giuoco Piano, and his work is greatly influential in popularizing both of these openings throughout the rest of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.
 1634 – Alessandro Salvio publishes Il Puttino, a book describing Italian Chess masters of the previous century.
 1690 – Openings are now systematically classified in the book Traitté du Jeu Royal des échets, published in 1675 in Lausanne, France by the printer David Gentil (author unknown). This book is known by the nickname Traite de Lausanne.

18th century
1737 –  publishes Essai sur le jeu des échecs. The book features an early form of algebraic notation (for example, '1. e4 e5' in modern notation would be written as 'p e 4 | p e 5' in Stamma's). The first half primarily concerns opening theory, with particular emphasis on various opening gambits, and the second half gives the first detailed exploration of endgame theory.
1744 –  plays two opponents blindfolded in Paris.
1745 – Philipp Stamma's work is translated from French to English, and published as 'The Noble Game of Chess'.
1747 – Phillidor decisively defeats Stamma in 8/9 games while visiting London, instantly gaining international fame.
1763 – Sir William Jones invents Caïssa, the chess muse.
1769 – Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen builds the Mechanical Turk, a fake chess-playing humanoid "machine" in fact operated secretly by a human.
1783 – Philidor plays as many as three games simultaneously without seeing the board.

19th century
1802 – Earliest known American chess book, Chess Made Easy by J. Humphreys is published.
1813 – The Liverpool Mercury prints the world's earliest chess column.
1824 – Earliest known British correspondence chess match, London – Edinburgh is held.
1830 – Earliest recorded instance of a modern female chess player.
1834 – Earliest recorded international challenge match is held:  versus  at the Westminster Chess Club, London.
1843 –  wins a match against  in Paris.
1845 – Telegraph is used to transmit moves in a match between London and Portsmouth.
1846 – Deutsche Schachzeitung is the first German chess magazine.
1848 – Earliest known instance of a game played between blind players.
1849 – The Staunton chess set is created by Nathaniel Cooke.
1851 – First international tournament is held in London, and won by .
1852 – Sandglasses are first used to time a game.
1857 – First American Chess Congress, won by 20-year-old , causes a chess epidemic across the U.S.
1857 – The United Kingdom Chess Association is formed.
1858 – The California Chess Congress is held in San Francisco, won by Selim Franklin
1859 – Paul Morphy is acclaimed as the world's strongest player after two years of international play against the world's leading players in the US and Europe. However, he was unable to secure even a single game against Staunton.
1861 – Games are played via transoceanic cables (Dublin–Liverpool).
1867 – Mechanical game clocks are introduced in tournament play.
1870 – Earliest recorded tournament in Germany (Baden-Baden).
1871 – Durand publishes the first book on endgames.
1873 – The Neustadtl score system is first used in a tournament.
1874 – Chess codexes written by 16th century Italian master Giulio Cesare Polerio are rediscovered by Antonius van der Linde. van der Linde recognizes that Polerio's work likely had greatly influenced the later works of Greco, and feature a nearly modern form of algebraic notation.
1877 – Formation of the Deutsche Schachbund.
1879 – First New Zealand Chess Championship, the longest running national chess championship in the world.
1883 – Invention of Forsyth-Edwards Notation, a notation used to describe any possible chess position.
1884 – Morphy dies.
1886 – First official World Chess Championship match is held between Wilhelm Steinitz and Johannes Zukertort. Steinitz wins decisively with the score 12½–7½ to become the first official World Chess Champion.
1888 – First international correspondence tournament.
1888 – U.S. Chess Championship starts.
1894 – Emanuel Lasker defeats Steinitz in a world championship match to become the second official world champion.
1895 – Hastings 1895 chess tournament at Hastings, England.
1899 – Chess clocks now have timeout flags to indicate that a player's time has run out.

20th century
1902 – First radio chess match by players on two American ships.
1904 – British Chess Federation (BCF) is established.
1905 – British national championship for women starts.
1907 – Lasker – Marshall World Championship match in several US cities.
1910 –  is the first to win a major tournament (in New York) with a 100% score.
1911 – The first simultaneous exhibition with more than 100 participants is held.
1913 – Publication of H. J. R. Murray's book A History of Chess.
1913 – The grasshopper is the first fairy piece invented, having its origin in the Renaissance "leaping queen".
1919 – Capablanca gives a simultaneous in the House of Commons against 39 players.
1921 – The first British correspondence chess championship is held.
1921 – Capablanca defeats Lasker in Havana +4 −0 =10 to become the third official world champion. However, Lasker had resigned the title to Capablanca in 1920 and the match participants had agreed that Capablanca was the defending champion in the match.
1924 – Establishment of Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE), the international chess federation.
1924 – Staunton set officially adopted by FIDE.
1927 – The first official Chess Olympiad is held in London.
1927 –  defeats Capablanca at Buenos Aires with +6 −3 =25 to become the fourth official world champion.
1935 –  wins the world championship title from Alekhine in Zandvoort, the Netherlands +9 −8 =13 and becomes the fifth official world champion.
1937 – A record for simultaneous blindfold play against 34 opponents.
1937 – Alekhine regains his champion title from Euwe in The Netherlands +10 −4 =11.
1941 – Basic Chess Endings by Reuben Fine published.
1945 – USA vs USSR radio match is the first international sporting event after World War II. The USSR scores an overwhelming victory.
1946 – Reigning world champion Alekhine dies in Portugal, leaving the title vacant. FIDE moves to gain control of the world championship.
1947 – The first postage stamp with a chess motif was printed by Bulgaria.
1948 –  wins the 1948 World Chess Championship tournament, which was held jointly at the Hague (in the Netherlands) and Moscow. He becomes the sixth official world champion.
1949 – Claude Shannon speculates on how computers might play chess.
1950 – FIDE introduces the International Grandmaster (GM) and International Master (IM) lifetime titles to indicate chess achievement.
1950 – The first Candidates Tournament is held in Budapest.  David Bronstein wins after a playoff against Isaac Boleslavsky.
1951 – Botvinnik retains his title after the World Championship match with challenger Bronstein ends in a 12–12 tie.
1951 – The first World Junior Chess Championship held.
1952 – The Soviet Union begins its string of Chess Olympiad victories.
1953 –  wins the Candidates Tournament at Zurich.
1954 – Botvinnik retains his title after the World Championship match with challenger Smyslov ends in a 12–12 tie.
1956 – Smyslov wins the Candidates Tournament in Amsterdam.  finishes second.
1957 – Smyslov defeats Botvinnik by the score 12½–9½ and becomes the seventh official world champion.
1958 – Botvinnik defeats Smyslov in a rematch by the score 12½–10½ to regain the title.
1958 –  qualifies for the 1959 Candidates Match, becoming the youngest ever Grandmaster.  This record would stand until 1991.
1959 –  wins the Candidates Tournament in Yugoslavia. Keres finishes second.
1960 – Tal defeats Botvinnik +6 −2 =13 to become the eighth official world champion and the then youngest-ever world champion.
1961 – Botvinnik defeats Tal in a rematch by the score +10 −5 =6 to regain the title.
1962 –  wins the Candidates Tournament in Curaçao, going through the tournament without a defeat. Keres finishes second in a Candidates Tournament for the third consecutive time.
1963 – Petrosian defeats Botvinnik 12½–9½ to become the ninth  World Chess Champion.
1965 –  wins Candidates Matches against Keres, Efim Geller, and Tal.
1966 – Petrosian successfully defends his World Championship title against Spassky, 12½–11½.
1967 –  wins the Sousse Interzonal after Fischer withdraws after ten games while leading with 8½ points.  Larsen also wins the first Chess Oscar.
1969 – Spassky defeats Petrosian 12½–11½  to become the tenth World Chess Champion.
1970 – Fischer wins the Palma de Mallorca Interzonal 3½ points ahead of his nearest rival.
1971 – Fischer blazes through his Candidates Matches, defeating Mark Taimanov and Larsen each 6–0, and Petrosian by 6½–2½. Fischer establishes a 20-game winning streak in 1970 and 1971.
1972 – Fischer beats Spassky in the World Chess Championship 1972 12½–8½. Due to its status as Cold War sporting confrontation, the match receives worldwide publicity.
1975 –  becomes the twelfth World Champion without having defeated the reigning champion as Fischer forfeits his crown.
1977 – Female player  wins the men's tournament at Lone Pine.
1978 – Gaprindashvili becomes the first woman to receive the FIDE Grandmaster title.
1978 – FIDE Master (FM) introduced as a title below International Master.
1978 – First Sargon (chess) chess-playing software for personal computers introduced at the 1978 West Coast Computer Faire.
1981 – Karpov convincingly defeats challenger Viktor Korchnoi six wins to two to retain the World Championship.
1984 – In a controversial decision, the FIDE president abandons the World Championship match between defending champion Karpov and challenger  after 48 games, with Karpov leading 5–3.
1985 – Kasparov defeats Karpov to become the thirteenth World Chess Champion 13–11.
1986 – The musical Chess opens in London's West End.
1991 –  becomes the youngest ever Grandmaster, breaking Bobby Fischer's record by about a month.
1992 – Fischer beats Spassky in a match in FR Yugoslavia in a rematch of the 1972 World Championship.
1993 – Searching for Bobby Fischer motion picture released (in the United Kingdom as "Innocent Moves").
 – Kasparov and  break from FIDE to play their world championship match, forming the Professional Chess Association (PCA).
1996 – Deep Blue beats Kasparov in the first game won by a chess-playing computer against a reigning world champion under normal chess tournament conditions.  Kasparov recovers to win the match 4–2 (three wins, one loss, two draws).
1997 – Kasparov loses a rematch to chess supercomputer Deep Blue (2½–3½), becoming the first World Champion to lose a match to a computer.
1999 – Kasparov plays and wins against "the World" whose moves were determined by plurality of votes via the Internet.
2000 – Kasparov loses his title to  (8½–6½). Kramnik becomes the PCA World Chess Champion.

21st century
2001 – FIDE introduces shortened time controls for the knockout world championship held later that year, amid controversy.
2002 –  becomes the youngest ever Grandmaster at age 12 years and 7 months.
2003 – In two separate matches, Kasparov battles Deep Junior and X3D Fritz to draws. These would be the last notable human–computer chess matches that did not result in victory for the computer.
2004 –  wins the FIDE World Chess Championship 2004 by beating  in the final.
2004 – Kramnik successfully defends his title in the Classical World Chess Championship 2004 against .
2005 –  wins the FIDE World Chess Championship 2005 with 10/14 (+6 −0 =8).
2006 – World Chess Championship reunited when "Classical" (technically, first PCA then Braingames) World Champion Kramnik defeats FIDE World Champion Topalov in the FIDE World Chess Championship 2006 match.
2007 –  becomes the fifteenth World Chess Champion after winning the World Chess Championship 2007 tournament held in Mexico City. Anand finished the tournament with a score of 9/14 (+4 −0 =10).
2008 – Fischer dies in Iceland at age 64.
2008 – Anand successfully defends his title against Kramnik in the World Chess Championship 2008.
2009 – Eighteen-year-old  wins the super-grandmaster (Category 21) Nanjing Pearl Spring Tournament, scoring an undefeated 8–2 in the double round robin event. Carlsen's performance rating for the tournament is 3002, one of the highest in history, and his rating goes over 2800, making him the fifth player (and by far the youngest) to attain that rating level.
2009 – Kasparov and Karpov play each other once more, as a commemoration of their first World Championship Match 25 years earlier.
2010 – Anand defends his world title against Topalov in the World Chess Championship 2010.
2011 –  wins the 2011 Candidates tournament and qualifies to challenge Anand in the World Chess Championship 2012.
2012 – Carlsen achieves an Elo rating of 2861, surpassing Kasparov's record of 2851. Anand successfully defends his world title against Gelfand.
2013 – Carlsen defeats Anand to become the new world champion.
2014 – Carlsen reaches his top Elo rating of 2882, the highest in history, in May.
2014 – Carlsen successfully defends his title of World Champion in a match against Anand, who had won the Candidates Tournament.
2016 – Carlsen successfully defends his World Champion title against Karjakin (who had won the Candidates Tournament in Moscow in March) by winning rapid tiebreak games after drawing a 12-game classical-game match.
2018 – Carlsen successfully defends his World Champion title against Caruana by winning rapid tiebreak games after drawing a 12-game classical-game match.
2020 – Chess experiences a spike in popularity due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Netflix miniseries The Queen's Gambit.
2021 –  becomes the youngest ever Grandmaster at the age of 12 years 4 months and 25 days.
2021 – Carlsen successfully defends his World Champion title against  after 11 rounds of the 14-round match.
2022 – Carlsen announces the news that he would no longer defend his World Champion title, letting the next world champion be decided in between the winner  and the runner-up  of the 2022 Candidates Tournament.

See also
 Chess
 History of chess
 Chess in early literature
 Chess in Europe
 Schools of chess

Notes

References

Chess, Timeline of

Timeline of chess


Epididymitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the epididymis, a curved structure at the back of the testicle. Onset of pain is typically over a day or two. The pain may improve with raising the testicle. Other symptoms may include swelling of the testicle, burning with urination, or frequent urination. Inflammation of the testicle is commonly also present.

In those who are young and sexually active, gonorrhea and chlamydia are frequently the underlying cause. In older males and men who practice insertive anal sex, enteric bacteria are a common cause. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms. Conditions that may result in similar symptoms include testicular torsion, inguinal hernia, and testicular cancer. Ultrasound can be useful if the diagnosis is unclear.

Treatment may include pain medications, NSAIDs, and elevation. Recommended antibiotics in those who are young and sexually active are ceftriaxone and doxycycline. Among those who are older, ofloxacin may be used. Complications include infertility and chronic pain. People aged 15 to 35 are most commonly affected, with about 600,000 people within this age group affected per year in the United States.

Signs and symptoms

Those aged 15 to 35 are most commonly affected. The acute form usually develops over the course of several days, with pain and swelling frequently in only one testis, which will hang low in the scrotum.  There will often be a recent history of dysuria or urethral discharge.  Fever is also a common symptom.  In the chronic version, the patient may have painful point tenderness but may or may not have an irregular epididymis upon palpation, though palpation may reveal an indurated epididymis.  A scrotal ultrasound may reveal problems with the epididymis, but such an ultrasound may also show nothing unusual.  The majority of patients who present with chronic epididymitis have had symptoms for over five years.

Complications
Untreated, acute epididymitis's major complications are abscess formation and testicular infarction.  Chronic epididymitis can lead to permanent damage or even destruction of the epididymis and testicle (resulting in infertility and/or hypogonadism), and infection may spread to any other organ or system of the body.  Chronic pain is also an associated complication for untreated chronic epididymitis.

Causes
Though urinary tract infections in men are rare, bacterial infection is the most common cause of acute epididymitis. The bacteria in the urethra back-track through the urinary and reproductive structures to the epididymis. In rare circumstances, the infection reaches the epididymis via the bloodstream.

In sexually active men, Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for two-thirds of acute cases, followed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and E. coli (or other bacteria that cause urinary tract infection). Particularly among men over age 35 in whom the cause is E. coli, epididymitis is commonly due to urinary tract obstruction. Less common microbes include Ureaplasma, Mycobacterium, and cytomegalovirus, or Cryptococcus in patients with HIV infection. E. coli is more common in boys before puberty, the elderly, and men who have sex with men.  In the majority of cases in which bacteria are the cause, only one side of the scrotum or the other is the locus of pain.

Non-infectious causes are also possible. Reflux of sterile urine (urine without bacteria) through the ejaculatory ducts may cause inflammation with obstruction. In children, it may be a response following an infection with enterovirus, adenovirus or Mycoplasma pneumoniae.  Rare non-infectious causes of chronic epididymitis include sarcoidosis (more prevalent in black men) and Behçet's disease.

Any form of epididymitis can be caused by genito-urinary surgery, including prostatectomy and  urinary catheterization. Congestive epididymitis is a long-term complication of vasectomy. Chemical epididymitis may also result from drugs such as amiodarone.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms. Conditions that may result in similar symptoms include testicular torsion, inguinal hernia, and testicular cancer. Ultrasound can be useful if the diagnosis is unclear.

Epididymitis usually has a gradual onset. Typical findings are redness, warmth and swelling of the scrotum, with tenderness behind the testicle, away from the middle (this is the normal position of the epididymis relative to the testicle). The cremasteric reflex (elevation of the testicle in response to stroking the upper inner thigh) remains normal. This is a useful sign to distinguish it from testicular torsion. If there is pain relieved by elevation of the testicle, this is called Prehn's sign, which is, however, non-specific and is not useful for diagnosis.
Before the advent of sophisticated medical imaging techniques, surgical exploration was the standard of care. Today, Doppler ultrasound is a common test: it can demonstrate areas of blood flow and can distinguish clearly between epididymitis and torsion. However, as torsion and other sources of testicular pain can often be determined by palpation alone, some studies have suggested that the only real benefit of an ultrasound is to assure the person that they do not have testicular cancer. Nuclear testicular blood flow testing is rarely used.

Additional tests may be necessary to identify underlying causes. In younger children, a urinary tract anomaly is frequently found. In sexually active men, tests for sexually transmitted diseases may be done. These may include microscopy and culture of a first void urine sample, Gram stain and culture of fluid or a swab from the urethra, nucleic acid amplification tests (to amplify and detect microbial DNA or other nucleic acids) or tests for syphilis and HIV.

Classification

Epididymitis can be classified as acute, subacute, and chronic, depending on the duration of symptoms.

Chronic epididymitis

Chronic epididymitis is epididymitis that is present for more than 3 months. Chronic epididymitis is characterized by inflammation even when there is no infection present. Tests are needed to distinguish chronic epididymitis from a range of other disorders that can cause constant scrotal pain including testicular cancer (though this is often painless), enlarged scrotal veins (varicocele), calcifications, and a possible cyst within the epididymis. Some research has found that as much as 80% of visits to a urologist for scrotal pain are for chronic epididymitis. As a further complication, the nerves in the scrotal area are closely connected to those of the abdomen, sometimes causing abdominal pain similar to a hernia (see referred pain).

Chronic epididymitis is most commonly associated with lower back pain, and the onset of pain often co-occurs with activity that stresses the low back (i.e., heavy lifting, long periods of car driving, poor posture while sitting, or any other activity that interferes with the normal curve of the lumbar lordosis region).

Treatment
In both the acute and chronic forms, antibiotics are used if an infection is suspected.  The treatment of choice is often azithromycin and cefixime to cover both gonorrhoeae and chlamydia.  Fluoroquinolones are no longer recommended due to widespread resistance of gonorrhoeae to this class.  Doxycycline may be used as an alternative to azithromycin.  In chronic epididymitis, a four- to six-week course of antibiotics may be prescribed to ensure the complete eradication of any possible bacterial cause, especially the various chlamydiae.

For cases caused by enteric organisms (such as E. coli), ofloxacin or levofloxacin are recommended.

In children, fluoroquinolones and doxycycline are best avoided. Since bacteria that cause urinary tract infections are often the cause of epididymitis in children, co-trimoxazole or suited penicillins (for example, cephalexin) can be used.

Household remedies such as elevation of the scrotum and cold compresses applied regularly to the scrotum may relieve the pain in acute cases. Painkillers or anti-inflammatory drugs are often used for treatment of both chronic and acute forms. Hospitalisation is indicated for severe cases, and check-ups can ensure the infection has cleared up. Surgical removal of the epididymis is rarely necessary, causes sterility, and only gives relief from pain in approximately 50% of cases.  However, in acute suppurating epididymitis (acute epididymitis with a discharge of pus), an epididymotomy may be recommended; in refractory cases, a full epididymectomy may be required.  In cases with unrelenting testicular pain, removal of the entire testicle—orchiectomy—may also be warranted.

It is generally believed that most cases of chronic epididymitis will eventually "burn out" of patient's system if left untreated, though this might take years or even decades.  However, some prostate-related medications have proven effective in treating chronic epididymitis, including doxazosin.

Epidemiology
Epididymitis makes up 1 in 144 visits for medical care (0.69 percent) in men 18 to 50 years old or 600,000 cases in males between 18 and 35 in the United States.

It occurs primarily in those 16 to 30 years of age and 51 to 70 years. As of 2008, there appears to be an increase in incidence in the United States that parallels an increase in reported cases of chlamydia and gonorrhea.

References

Further reading

External links

Epididymis disorders
Inflammations
Wikipedia emergency medicine articles ready to translate
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate

Epididymitis


Barbara Gracey Thompson (Oxford, 27 de julho de 1944 - 9 de julho de 2022) foi uma saxofonista, flautista e compositora britânica. Foi influenciada por músicos como Duke Ellington e John Coltrane e enveredou para o jazz, ritmo que embalou boa parte de sua carreira.

Biografia

Primeiros anos e formação acadêmica
Thompson nasceu na cidade de Oxford, no ano de 1944. Mudou-se para Londres onde estudou no Queen's College.

Iniciou seus estudos em clarinete, flauta, piano e composição clássica na Royal College of Music, mas a música de Duke Ellington e John Coltrane  a fizeram mudar seus interesses para o jazz e o saxofone.

Carreira
Por volta de 1970, Thompson fazia parte da New Jazz Orchestra de Neil Ardley e apareceu em álbuns do Colosseum. A partir de 1975, ela esteve envolvida na fundação de três bandas: na United Jazz + Rock Ensemble, Paraphernalia e Jubiaba.

Thompson trabalhou de perto com o compositor Andrew Lloyd Webber em musicais como Cats e Starlight Express,  Requiem e o álbum de fusão clássica de Lloyd Webber de 1978, Variations. A produção de Thompson passou por diversas áreas como composições clássicas, músicas para cinema e televisão, um musical de sua autoria além de canções para as bandas que participou.

Compôs a música de abertura do seriado policial de televisão britânico A Touch of Frost, da emissora ITV, estrelada por David Jason. Ela também tocou flauta no disco Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds de Jeff Wayne.

Por sua carreira foi agraciada em 1996 com a Ordem do Império Britânico por serviços prestados à música. Devido à doença de Parkinson, diagnosticada em 1997, ela se aposentou como saxofonista ativa em 2001 com uma turnê de despedida.  Após um período trabalhando exclusivamente como compositora, retornou aos palcos em 2003 para uma turnê com o Colosseum.

Vida pessoal
Thompson foi casada com o baterista do Colosseum, Jon Hiseman, de 1967 até sua morte em junho de 2018. O filho do casal, Marcus, nasceu em 1972, e sua filha Anna (agora conhecida como cantora/compositora Ana Gracey) em 1975.

Morte
Thompson morreu em 9 de julho de 2022, aos 77 anos, após sofrer da doença de Parkinson durante vinte e cinco anos.

Discografia

Naturais de Oxford
Alunos do Royal College of Music
Saxofonistas da Inglaterra
Flautistas da Inglaterra
Saxofonistas de jazz
Compositores da Inglaterra
Membros da Ordem do Império Britânico
Mortes por doença de Parkinson

Barbara Thompson (instrumentista)


Svendborg Turistforening (Ekstra) er en film med ukendt instruktør.

Handling
Sejlads på Svendborg Sund, Lunkebugten. Scener fra Valdemars slot på Tåsinge. Troense, Tåsinge.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1921

Turistfilm fra Danmark
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Turistforening (Ekstra)

Svendborg Turistforening (Ekstra)


Campo Erê es un municipio de la Mesorregión del Oeste Catarinense, en el estado de Santa Catarina, en el Brasil. Su población estimada en 2004 era de 10 437 habitantes.

El municipio es bordeado por los ríos: Sargento, Río de los Muros, Capetinga, Tres Voltas, Cafundó y Pesquerinho.

Topónimo
"Campo Erê" es un término de origen caingangue que significa "campo de la pulga".

Economía
Sus principales actividades económicas son: agricultura, ganadería y la industria de implementos agrícolas. También sons importantes las plantaciones de maíz y soja.

Turismo
Es relevante el turismo rural y ecológico, con visitas a las haciendas localizadas alrededor de la ciudad, grandes produtoras de granos. Y varias cascadas a lo largo de los ríos.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página de la prefectura

Localidades de Santa Catarina

Campo Erê


An Pleurothallis phalangifera in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Karel Presl, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Pleurothallis phalangifera in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pleurothallis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Pleurothallis

Pleurothallis phalangifera


As eleições de 2024 nos Estados Unidos estão programadas para serem realizadas, em grande parte, na terça-feira, 5 de novembro de 2024. Durante este ano de eleição presidencial, o presidente dos Estados Unidos e o vice-presidente serão eleitos. Além disso, todos os 435 assentos na Câmara dos Representantes dos Estados Unidos e 33 dos 100 assentos no Senado dos Estados Unidos serão contestados. 13 governos estaduais e territoriais e inúmeras outras eleições estaduais e locais também serão contestadas.

Eleições federais

Eleição presidencial
A eleição presidencial dos Estados Unidos em 2024 será a 60ª quadrienal eleição presidencial dos EUA. A atual distribuição de votos eleitorais foi determinada pelo censo de 2020. Os eleitores presidenciais que elegerão o Presidente e o Vice-Presidente dos Estados Unidos serão escolhidos; uma maioria simples (270) dos 538 votos eleitorais é necessária para ganhar a eleição. O presidente Joe Biden será elegível para um segundo mandato e indicou que planeja fazê-lo. O ex-presidente Donald Trump também brincou sobre concorrer a um segundo mandato não consecutivo após sua derrota em 2020.

Eleições para o Congresso

Eleições para o Senado

Todos os assentos na Classe I do Senado estarão em disputa. Além disso, eleições especiais podem ser realizadas para preencher vagas nas outras duas classes do Senado.

Eleições da Câmara dos Deputados

Todos os 435 assentos votantes na Câmara dos Representantes dos Estados Unidos estarão em disputa. Além disso, serão realizadas eleições para selecionar o delegado do Distrito de Columbia, bem como os delegados de todos os cinco territórios dos EUA, incluindo o Comissário Residente de Porto Rico.

Eleições estaduais

Eleições para governador

As eleições serão realizadas para os governos de onze dos cinquenta estados dos EUA e dois territórios dos EUA . Eleições especiais podem ser realizadas para vagas nos outros estados e territórios, se exigido pelas respectivas constituições estaduais/territoriais.

Eleições locais

Eleições para prefeito
Várias grandes cidades realizarão eleições para prefeito em 2024.

Titulares elegíveis

 Baltimore, Maryland: O atual democrata Brandon Scott é elegível para a reeleição.
 Corpus Christi: A democrata Paulette Guajardo é elegível para a reeleição.
 El Paso, Texas: O democrata em exercício Oscar Leeser é elegível para a reeleição.
 Fresno, Califórnia: O republicano Jerry Dyer é elegível para a reeleição.
 Condado de Miami-Dade, Flórida: A democrata em exercício Daniella Levine Cava é elegível para reeleição.
 Milwaukee, Wisconsin: O atual democrata Cavalier Johnson é elegível para a reeleição.
 Honolulu, Havaí: O Titular Independente Rick Blangiardi é elegível para reeleição.
 Phoenix, Arizona: A democrata Kate Gallego é elegível para a reeleição.
 Portland, Oregon: O atual democrata Ted Wheeler é elegível para a reeleição.
 Salt Lake County, Utah: A democrata em exercício Jenny Wilson é elegível para a reeleição.
 San Diego, Califórnia: O atual democrata Todd Gloria é elegível para a reeleição.
 Stockton, Califórnia: O republicano Kevin Lincoln é elegível para a reeleição.

Titulares inelegíveis ou aposentados

 Las Vegas, Nevada: Carolyn Goodman, independente em exercício, não é elegível para concorrer à reeleição devido aos limites de mandato.
 Richmond, Virgínia: O atual democrata Levar Stoney não é elegível para concorrer à reeleição devido ao limite de mandatos.

Eleições nos Estados Unidos em 2024


SnatchBot software er et gratis cloud-baseret chatbot skabelsesværktøj, der er designet til sociale netværk.

Historie
SnatchBot, der blev grundlagt i 2015 af Henri Ben Ezra og Avi Ben Ezra, er en af de nye teknologivirksomheder, der stammer fra Herzliya Pituach i Israel.

I juli 2017 sponsorerede SnatchBot Chatbot-topmødet, der blev holdt i Berlin, Tyskland. I december 2017 har over 30 millioner slutbrugere været involveret med chatbots, der er bygget på SnatchBot platformen.

Serviceydelser
SnatchBot hjælper brugere med at bygge bots til Facebook Messenger, Skype, Slack, SMS, Twitter og andre sociale netværksplatforme. SnatchBot tilbyder også gratis Natural Language Processing modeller. Sammen med virksomhedens machine learning værktøjer, tillader denne platform skabelsen af chatbots, der kan analysere brugerens intentioner.

Se også
 Chatbot

Referencer

Chatbots
Sociale netværkstjenester

SnatchBot


A Taça CERS de 1990-91 foi a 11.ª edição desta competição.
O SL Benfica venceu a competição pela 1.ª vez na história (e o primeiro troféu europeu do clube), após derrotar os espanhóis do Reus Deportiu na final.

Equipas participantes

Jogos

1.ª Eliminatória

Esquema final

Oitavos-de-final

Quartos-de-final

Meias-finais

Final

Taça WSE
1991 no desporto

Taça CERS de 1990–91


ගෝමරන්කඩවල ප්‍රාදේශීය මහලේකම් කාර්යාලය, ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නැගෙනහිර පලාතේ ත්‍රිකුණාමලය දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පවතින ප්‍රාදේශීය මහලේකම් කාර්යාලයකි.

භූ විෂමතාවය
ගෝමරන්කඩවල කොට්ටාශය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර් 285ක එනම් වර්ග සැතපුම් 110 කින් සමන්විත වේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

 Divisional Secretariats Portal

ගෝමරන්කඩවල ප්‍රාදේශීය මහ ලේකම් කාර්යාලය


أربعاء الرماد  أول قصيدة طويلة كتبها تي. إس. إليوت بعد تحوله إلى الأنجليكانية، ونُشرت في 1930. وتتعامل مع الصراع الذي ينشأ عندما يتجه فردٌ غير مؤمن إلى الله.

يُشار إلى هذه القصيدة باعتبارها: «قصيدة تحول إليوت».

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 أربعاء الرماد (بالإنكليزية)

تي. إس. إليوت
شعر تي. إس. إليوت
قصائد 1930
قصائد أمريكية
كتب 1930

أربعاء الرماد (قصيدة)


İrlanda su spanyölü, İrlanda'da geliştirilmiş, orta boylu köpek ırkı.

Son derece kıvırcık ve kısa tüylü postu koyu kahverengi olan İrlanda su spanyölünün, omuzdan yere yüksekliği 60 cm, ağırlığı 30 kg kadardır. Yoğun postu soğuktan korunmasını sağladığı ve iyi yüzdüğü için, özellikle ördek avında kullanılır. Günümüzde daha çok ev köpeği olarak yetiştirilmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar

 irlanda su spanieli irlanda su spanieli

İrlanda su spanyölü


Saratovreservoiret (, ) er et reservoir på den nederste del af Volga i Saratov, Samara og Uljanovsk oblaster i Rusland. Saratovreservoiret har et overfladeareal på 1.831 km², et volumen på 12,9 milliarder m³. De største byer ved reservoiret er Samara, Tjapajevsk, Balakovo og Syzran. Saratov som reservoiret er opkaldt efter ligger nedstrøms i forhold til dæmningen.

Reservoiret

Reservoiret er skabt af dæmningen af Saratovskaja vandkraftværk (tidligere Leninskogo komsomola vandkraftværk), der ligger ved byen Balakovo i Saratov oblast. Reservoiret blev fyldt i 1967-1968.

Som følge af oprettelsen af Saratovreservoiret blev 116.000 ha jord oversvømmet. Beboerne fra 90 bosættelser og syv byer blev flyttet før oversvømmelserne, ligsom 8379 bygninger er blevet flyttet. I alt blev 28.000 menesker flyttet

Saratovskaja vandkraftværk

Vandkraftværket er et af Europas største og blev bygget i årene 1956–1971 som Lenin Komsomol Saratov Vandkraftværk. Det ligger mellem Kujbysjevskojereservoiret opstrøms mod nord og Volgogradreservoiret nedstrøms mod syd.

Kraftværket leverer kraft til industrierne langs Volga, samt strøm og oversvømmelsesbeskyttelse for byen Saratov. Saratov-værket har en installeret effekt på 1 360 MW fordelt på 24 generatorer. Produktionen er på 5,35 TWh årlig i gennemsnit.

Billeder

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Reservoirer konstrueret i Sovjettiden
Etableret i 1955
Reservoirer på Volga
Vandkraftværker i Rusland
Dæmninger i Rusland
Saratov oblast
Samara oblasts geografi
Uljanovsk oblast

Saratovreservoiret


Olaylar

Bizans İmparatorluğu
 İmparator Zeno, doğu / batı ortak imparatorluğunu resmen sona erdirdi. 95 yıl içinde Roma'nın tek imparatoru olarak hüküm sürdü. İmparatorun konumu bir daha asla bölünmedi.

Balkanlar
 Julius Nepos, Batı Roma İmparatorluğu'nun eski imparatoru, Dalmaçya'da sürgün sırasında öldü.
 9 Aralık – Odoacer, Dalmaçya'yı işgal edip, Nepos'un katillerini soruşturdu. Daha sonra Roma Senatosu'nun işbirliğiyle siyasi gücünü tesis etti.

Doğumlar
 Baderic, Bisinus ve Basina'nın oğlu, Thuringii Kralı
 Boethius, Romalı filozof (ö. 524)
 Dignāga, Hint mantığı Budist kurucusu (ö. 540)
 Eutharic, Vizigot prens
 Gelimer, Kuzey Afrika'da hüküm süren son Vandal kralı (ö. 553)
 Nursialı Benedikt, Hem ortodoks hem katolik mezhebine göre aziz kabul edilen din adamı (ö. 547)
 Scholastica, Roma Katolik Kilisesi ve Doğu Ortodoks Kilisesi azizi
 Theodahad, İtalya'da Ostrogotlar Krallığı üçüncü kralı (ö. 536)
 Xiao Zhaowen, Güney Qi İmparatoru (ö. 494)
 Zu Gengzhi, Çinli Matematikçi (ö. 525)

Ölümler
 Julius Nepos, Batı Roma İmparatoru (d. 430)

480


Crveni vuk (Canis rufus ili Canis lupus rufus), također poznat kao i Floridski crni vuk ili Vuk doline Mississippija je kanid s jugoistoka SAD-a. Ova vrsta je neriješenog taksonomskog identiteta, naime morfološki je između kojota i sivog vuka i crvenkasto-sive je boje. Crveni vuk je kritično ugrožena vrsta SAD-a i zaštićena je zakonom, a upisana je na IUCN-ov crveni popis 1996. godine. Smatra se najrjeđom vrstom vuka i jedna je od pet najugroženijih vrsta vuka na svijetu.

Sistematizacija i evolucija

Taksonomski status crvenog vuka bio je predmet kontroverzi. Genetska studija iz 2011. godine pokazala je da je to hibridna vrsta između sivih vukova i kojota. Ponovna analiza ove studije, zajedno sa širom kontekstualnom analizom koja je uključivala ponašanje, morfološke i dodatne genetske informacije, dovela je do argumenata da je crveni vuk nezavisna vrsta, ali koja pati od značajne introgresije gena kojota vjerojatno zbog desetkovanja crvenog vuka i fragmentacije njihove društvene strukture zbog lova. Premda ovaj pregled z 2012. godine nije jedinstveno prihvaćen među mjerodavnim znanstvenicima, dvije kasnije revizije ažuriranih istraživanja 2013. i 2014. godine upućuju na to da je crveni vuk nekad bio vrsta koja se razlikovala od sivog vuka i kojota. Genske studije iz 2015. godine, koristeći najopsežnije podatke o mitohondrijskoj DNK, Y-kromosomskim podacima i genomima 127.235 jedinstvenih nukleotidnih polimorfizama, zaključili su da je "najviše parsimonsko objašnjenje" da su istočni vukovi u provincijskom parku Algonquin "ostatak entiteta povijesnih vukova koji su najvjerojatnije postojali diljem istočnih Sjedinjenih Država ". Također, istraživanje iz 2016. od 28 sekvencijskih kanidnih genoma zaključilo je kako crveni i istočni vukovi imaju sekvence koje se mogu objasniti samo kao rezultat hibridizacije sivog vuka i kojota.

Crveni su vukovi bili prva vrsta vukova novoga svijeta s kojima su se susreli europski kolonisti, a izvorno su obitavali diljem istočnih Sjedinjenih Američkih Država, od Atlantskog oceana do središnjeg Teksasa, a na sjeveru od doline rijeke Ohio, sjeverne Pennsylvanije i juga južnog New Yorka do Meksičkog zaljeva na jugu.
Crveni je vuk do sredine 1900. godine bio gotovo izumro zbog agresivnih programa kontrole predatora, uništavanja staništa i opsežne hibridizacije s kojotima. Do kasnih šezdesetih, to se dogodilo s manjim zajednicama u zaljevu obale zapadne Louisiane i istočnog Teksasa. Četrnaest od tih preživjelih odabrano je kao temelj zajednice uzgojene u zatočeništvu u zoološkom vrtu Point Defiance od 1974. do 1980. godine. Nakon uspješnog eksperimentalnog preseljenja na otok Bulls na obali Južne Karoline 1978. godine, crveni vuk je proglašen izumro u divljini 1980. godine. Kako bi nastavili s naporima obnove, 1987. godine zarobljene životinje puštene su u Parku divljine Alligator River na poluotoku Albemarle u Sjevernoj Karolini, te dvije godine kasnije i u Nacionalnom parku Great Smoky Mountains Od 63 crvena vuka koji su pušteni od 1987. do 1994. godine, populacija je porasla na čak 100-120 jedinki do 2012., ali je 2018. godine zabilježen pad na samo 40 jedinki.

Izgled i društveni život

Izgled crvenog vuka tipičan je za rod Canis i općenito je srednje veličine između kojota i sivog vuka, iako se neki primjerci mogu preklapati s malim sivim vukovima. Odrasli imaju duljinu od 136–160 cm i teže od 23–39 kg. Krzno im je obično više crvenkasto i manje čupavo od krzna kojota i sivih vukova, općenito je blijedo i sivkasto s oznakama svjetlih dijelova oko usana i očiju. Uši su im također proporcionalno veće od ušiju kojota i sivih vukova. Glava je obično uska, s dugom i vitkom njuškom, malom lubanjom i dobro razvijenim sagitalnim grebenom. Maleni mozak crvenog vuka se razlikuje od ostalih Canis vrsta, približavajući se onima kanidima vrsta Vulpes i Urocyon, što ukazuje na to da je crveni vuk jedan od drevnih članova ovih rodova.

Crveni vuk je društveniji od kojota, ali manje od sivog vuka. Pari se u siječnju i veljači, s prosječno 6-7 mladunaca rođenih u ožujku, travnju i svibnju. Oni su monogamni s oba roditelja koji sudjeluju u uzgoju vučića. Borave u šupljim stablima debala, duž obala potoka i napuštenih skloništa drugih životinja. U dobi od šest tjedana vučići se udaljavaju od skloništa, a dosežu punu veličinu u dobi od jedne godine, postajući seksualno zreli dvije godine kasnije.

Izvori

Vukovi
Kritično ugrožene životinje
Kritično ugrožene vrste

Crveni vuk


Hvarfbaugur nyrðri, sem einnig er nefndur Krabbabaugur, er norðlægasta breiddargráða jarðar þar sem sólin getur verið beint yfir. Þetta gerist á sumarsólstöðum, þegar norðurhvel jarðar hallar að sólu að hámarki og sólargangurinn er lengstur. Það nær einnig 90 gráðum undir sjóndeildarhringinn á miðnætti sólar á vetrarsólstöðum, þegar sólargangurinn er stystur.

Þegar sólin er hæst á lofti á jafndægri á hausti og vori stendur sólin í hvirfilpunkti á miðbaug. Þá er hún á miðjum himni og skín beint ofan á hvirfilinn þannig að hvergi er skugga að sjá. Vegna halla jarðmöndulsins um 23,5° er sól í hvirfilpunkti á mismunandi um breiddargráðum eftir því hvenær ársins er.

Breiddargráða er hornrétt mæling á staðsetningu þannig að hornið er 0° við miðbaug, en 90° við heimskautin. Aðrar mikilvægar breiddargráður eru hvarfbaugur nyrðri (einnig nefndur krabbabaugur; sólin í hvirfilpunkti á hádegi, breiddargráða 23°27′ norður) og hvarfbaugur syðri (einnig kallaður steingeitarbaugur; sólin í hvirfilpunkti á hádegi, breiddargráða 23°27′ suður); norðurheimskautsbaugur (66°33′ norður), og suðurheimskautsbaugur (66°33′ suður).

Eingöngu á breiddargráðum á milli hvarfbauganna getur sólin náð hæsta punkti á himni. Eingöngu innan heimskautsbauganna (breiddargráður stærri en 66°33′ til norðurs eða suðurs) er miðnætursól sjáanleg.

Jafngildi Hvarfbaugs nyrðri á suðurhveli er Hvarfbaugur syðri (eða Steingeitarbaugur).

Hvarfbaugar geta einnig komið fyrir í samspili stjórnmála og landafræði sem landfræðileg afmörkun. Hvarfbaugur nyrðri er þannig notaður til takmörkunar á gagnkvæmri varnarskyldu Atlantshagsbandalagsins, í stofnsáttamála bandalagsins (grein 6.). Þar eru aðildarríki NATO ekki skuldbundin til að koma til varnar öðrum bandalagsríkjum á land- eða hafsvæði sunnan við Hvarfbaug nyrðri.

Heimildir

 Sævar Helgi Bragason (2010). Árstíðir. Stjörnufræðivefurinn. http://www.stjornuskodun.is/solkerfid-large/jordin/arstidir  (sótt: 26. júlí 2022).

Tilvísanir

Breiddarbaugar

Hvarfbaugur nyrðri


بروتوس الطروادي هو بطل أسطوري وسليل أينياس بطل طروادة، وعرف في التاريخ القروسطي البريطاني بأنه مؤسس مملكة بريطانيا وهو سميّها وأول ملك عليها. تظهر هذه الأسطورة أول مرة في كتاب تاريخ البريطانيين ، وهي مجموعة تاريخية مجهولة المؤلف من القرن التاسع، وأضيف إليها تعليقات من قبل نينيوس، ولكنه معروف أكثر من سجلات جيفري مونماوث من القرن الثاني عشر في كتابه تاريخ ملوك بريطانيا . ولكن رغم هذا فلم يرد ذكره في أي نص كلاسيكي ولا يمكن اعتباره شخصية في التاريخ.

تاريخ البريطانيين

يذكر كتاب تاريخ البريطانيين أن «الجزيرة البريطانية استمدت اسمها من بروتوس، وهو قنصل روماني غزا اسبانيا». واستمد العمل هذه النظرية كتاب أصل الكلمات  بقلم إيزيدور الإشبيلي في القرن السابع الميلادي، والذي رأى أن بريطانيا أخذت اسمها من الجنرال الروماني ديكيموس يونيوس بروتوس كالايكوس، الذي هدأ إسبانيا في عام 138 قبل الميلاد. وهناك قصة أكثر تفصيلا تدور أحداثها قبل تأسيس روما، وتروي أن بروتوس كان حفيد أو ابن حفيد أينياس، وهي تمزج قصة إيسيدور مع حكايات جدول الأمم في التواريخ المسيحية واليهودية، والتي حاولت تتبع أصول شعوب العالم المعروف (وكذلك الشخصيات الأسطورية، مثل بيت أينياس الطروادي) إلى أسلاف الكتاب المقدس.

يتبع كتاب تاريخ البريطانيين مصادر رومانية مثل ليفي وفيرجيل، ويذكر كيف استقر أينياس في إيطاليا بعد حرب طروادة، وكيف أسس ابنه أسكانيوس مدينة ألبا لونغا، وهي إحدى التي سبقت روما. تزوج أسكانيوس وحملت زوجته. في نسخة مختلفة فإن والد أينياس هو سيلفيوس، الذي ذكر بأنه إما الابن الثاني أينياس الذي سبق ذكره في تاريخ البريطانيين، أو أنه ابن أسكانيوس. طُلب من ساحر أن يتنبأ بمستقبل الطفل، أنه سيكون صبيا وأنه سيكون أشجع من في إيطاليا وأكثر شخص محبوب فيها. غضب أسكانيوس وأمر بقتل الساحر. توفيت الأم أثناء الولادة.

أطلق على الصبي اسم بروتوس، وعندما كبر قتل أباه بالخطأ والده بسهم وتم نفيه من إيطاليا. تجول بين جزر البحر التيراني وعبر بلاد الغال، حيث أسس مدينة تور، وانتهي به المطاف إلى بريطانيا، والتي سماها على نفسه وملأها بأحفاده. وتزامن عهده زمن الكاهن ايلي الذي كان قاضيا في أرض إسرائيل، وفي زمن أخذ تابوت العهد من قبل الفلستيين.

نسخة مختلفة من كتاب التاريخ البرطياني تجعل بروتوس ابن سيلفيوس بن أسكانيوس، ويتتبع نسبه إلى حام بن نوح. فصل آخر يتتبع نسب بروتوس بشكل مختلف ويجعله حفيد الملك الروماني الأسطوري نوما بومبيليوس، الذي كان هو نفسه ابن أسكانيوس، ويتبع أصله إلى يافث بن نوح. هذه الحكايات المسيحية تتعارض مع الأنساب الطروادية الكلاسيكية والتي تنسب عائلة طروادة الملكية إلى الآلهة اليونانية.

هناك بروتوس آخر، وهو ابن هيسيكيون بن ألانوس أول الأوروبيين، ويتبع نسبه أيضا عبر أجيال عديدة إلى يافث، وتظهر إشارة له في تاريخ البريطانيين. وكان إخوته هم فرانكوس وألامانوس ورومانوس، أسلاف الأمم الأوروبية الهامة أيضا.

تاريخ ملوك بريطانيا

يروي سجل جيفري مونموث نفس القصة ولكن بتفصيل أكبر. ويؤكد هنا أن بروتوس هو حفيد أسكانيوس لا ابنه، وأن والده هو سيلفيوس ابن أسكانيوس. كذلك فإن الساحر الذي يتنبأ بما يصل إليه بروتوس من عظمة ويتنبأ أيضا أنه سيقتل والديه. يفعل بروتوس هذا بنفس الطريقة الموصوفة في كتاب تاريخ البريطانيين ويتم نفيه. يسافر بروتوس بعدها إلى اليونان ويكتشف مجموعة من الطرواديين المستعبدين هناك، ثم يصبح زعيمهم ويهزم الملك اليوناني باندراسوس بعد سلسلة من المعارك بأن هاجم معسكره ليلا بعد أن قبض على الحراس. ثم يأخذ الملك رهينة ويجبره على إطلاق سراح شعبه. ثم تزوج بروتوس من إغنوغي ابنة باندراسوس وأخذ مجموعة من السفن والمؤن وأبحر بعيدا.

حط الطرواديون في جزيرة مهجورة واكتشفوا معبدا مهجورا لديانا. بوعد أن أدوا الطقوس، نام بروتوس أمام تمثال الإلهة وأتته رؤيا عن الأرض قدّر له أن يستوطنها، وهي جزيرة في المحيط الغربي لا يسكنها سوى عدد قليل من العمالقة.

بعد مواجهتهم للمغامرات في شمال أفريقيا والتقائهم بالجنيات المغنيات، اكتشف بروتوس مجموعة أخرى من الطرواديين المنفيين الذين يعيشون على ضفاف البحر التيراني بقيادة المحارب العظيم كورينيوس. يصل الفريق لبلاد الغال، ويبدأ كورينيوس حربا مع غوفاريوس بيكتوس ملك أكويتانيا، وذلك بعد أن قام بالصيد في غابات الملك دون إذن. مات تورونوس ابن أخ بروتوس في القتال، وتأسست مدينة تور حيث مكان دفنه. انتصر الطرواديون في معظم معاركهم، ولكنهم أدركوا أن الغاليين يتمتعون بأفضلية العدد، فعادوا إلى سفنهم وأبحروا إلى بريطانيا، وكان يطلق عليها وقتها اسم ألبيون. ثم حط الفريق في ساحل توتنيس. التقوا بعدها بأحفاد عمالقة ألبيون وهزموهم.

أعاد بروتوس تسمية الجزيرة على نفسه وأصبح أول ملك عليها. أصبح كورينيوس حاكم منطقة كورنوال والتي سميت عليه. وتعرضوا لمضايقات العمالقة خلال أحد المهرجانات، ولكنهم قتلوا كل العمالقة إلا زعيمهم وأكبرهم حجما ويدعى غوغماغوغ، الذي بقي ليتبارى في مصارعة ضد كورينيوس. ثم هزم على يد كورينيوس الذي ألقاه من الهاوية إلى حتفه. أسس بروتوس بعدها مدينة على ضفاف نهر التايمز، وأطلق عليها ترويا نوفا، أو طروادة الجديدة. وتم تحريف الاسم مع الوقت إلى ترينوفانتوم، وهي المدينة التي سميت لاحقا لندن (على أن أصل الاسم أتى من ترينوفانتس، وهي إحدى قبائل العصر الحديدي في بريطانيا). وضع بروتوس القوانين لشعبه وحكمهم لأربع وعشرين عاما. دفن بعد وفاته في ترينوفانتوم، وقسمت الجزيرة بين أبنائه الثلاثة: لوكرينوس (إنجلترا)، ألباناكتوس (اسكتلندا)، كامبر (ويلز).

الإرث

ظهرت عدة ترجمات واقتباسات لتاريخ جيفري، مثل حكاية بروت Roman de Brut بالفرنسية النورماندية بقلم روبير واس، وحكاية بروت بالإنجليزية الوسطى بقلم لايامون، وأصبحت كلمة «بروت» نفسها تعني في الويلزية وقائع عن تاريخ البريطانيين. ومن بين الاقتباسات الويلزية الوسطى هي بروت إي برينيند  (أو «وقائع الملوك»). وهناك بروت إي تيويسوجيون  (أو «وقائع الأمراء»)، وهو تاريخ رئيسي عن حكام ويلز من القرن السابع إلى فقدان استقلالهم في القرن الثالث عشر، هو عمل تاريخي محض لا يحوي أي مواد أسطورية ولكن العنوان يعكس تأثير عمل جيفري، ويمكن أن ينظر إليه على أنه «تتمة» له. بدأ مؤرخو بريطانيا الأوائل مثل ألفريد بيفرلي ونيكولاس تريفيت وجيرالد الويلزي تواريخهم عن بريطانيا بقصة بروتوس. ولم تزل أسطورة بروتوس واستقراره في بريطانيا تعتبر حدثا تاريخا حقيقيا خلال أوائل العصر الحديث، مثل سجلات هولينزهيد على سبيل المثال (1577) الذي يعتبر أسطورة بروتوس واقعية.

كتب الشاعر الإنجليزي هيلدبراند جاكوب في القرن الثامن عشر قصيدة ملحمية، بعنوان «بروتوس الطروادي، مؤسس الإمبراطورية البريطانية، وما يتعلق به، في ما يلي حكايات ملحمة الإنياذة الرومانية».

يقول جيفري في تاريخه أن بروتوس وأتباعه حطوا في توتنيس في منطقة ديفون. وهناك حجر على شارع فور في توتنيس يعرف باسم «حجر بروتوس» ويكرم هذا الحدث.

مراجع

مصادر

 Translation of Historia Brittonum from J. A. Giles, Six Old English Chronicles, London: Henry G. Bohn 1848. Full text from Fordham University.
 John Morris (ed), Nennius: Arthurian Period Sources Vol 8, Phillimore, 1980
 Geoffrey of Monmouth, The History of the Kings of Britain, translated by Lewis Thorpe, Penguin, 1966
 Henry Lewis (ed.), Brut Dingestow (University of Wales Press, 1942). The best-known Middle Welsh adaptation. Original text with introduction and notes, in Welsh.
 The British History of Geoffrey of Monmouth, translated by Aaron Thompson, revised and corrected by J. A. Giles, 1842

التاريخ التقليدي البريطاني
شخصيات في أعمال جيفري مونماوث
طرواديون
تراث شعبي بريطاني
تراث شعبي ويلزي
يافثيون

بروتوس الطروادي


Die St.-Johannis-Kirche ist die evangelisch-lutherische Pfarrkirche der Kirchengemeinde in Herpf, einem Ortsteil der südthüringischen Kreisstadt Meiningen. Die Kirche gehört zum Pfarramt Stepfershausen im Kirchenkreis Meiningen der Evangelischen Kirche in Mitteldeutschland (EKM).

Geschichte
Die Kirche entstand im 15. Jahrhundert und wird in einer Schenkungsurkunde von 1474 als St.-Johannis-Kirche genannt. Sie steht im Zentrum einer mittelalterlichen Dorfbefestigung, deren aus dem 13. Jahrhundert stammenden Bergfried man zum Kirchturm umbaute und mit einem Kirchenraum erweiterte. Von 1611 bis 1620 wurde der Kirchenraum durch einen Saalbau ersetzt. Eine Bauinschrift über dem Südeingang zeigt die Namen ihrer Architekten, Hans Tholl und Hans Motz. 1963 fand eine Renovierung des Kircheninneren statt. Den vergoldeten Turmknopf sowie die darüber befindliche Wetterfahne auf dem 46 Meter hohen Kirchturm sanierte Restaurator Michael Neumann 2011.

Kirchenraum
Den Kirchenraum überspannt ein hölzernes bemaltes Tonnengewölbe. Die an drei Seiten umlaufenden zweigeschossigen Emporen werden von hölzernen runden Säulen getragen und stammen – wie die Kanzel – aus der Entstehungszeit. Die Balkenköpfe der unteren Emporen, aber auch die Konsolen der Gurtbögen schmücken sogenannte Schwedenköpfe, geschnitzte Männer- und Frauenbüsten in Renaissancetracht. 1722, in der Zeit des Bauernbarocks, bekam der Kirchenraum weitere prächtige Ausstattungen und der im Sockel des Turms befindliche Chorraum einen mit Figuren geschmückten Altar.

Orgel
Eine Vorgänger-Orgel aus dem Jahre 1668 von Johann Moritz Weise (1632–1704, Gotha) gelangte 1760 nach Seeba (Rhönblick), neu aufgebaut durch Orgelbaumeister Johann Caspar Rommel (1721–1800) aus Roßdorf/Rhön. Dieser baute für Herpf ein 21 Register umfassendes barockes Instrument mit 2 Manualen und Pedal, welches 1999 durch Orgelbau Hoffmann eine Restaurierung erfuhr.

 Koppeln: Oberwerk/Hauptwerk, Hauptwerk/Pedal
 Sonstiges: Tremulant, Zimbelstern
 Anmerkung:
 (n) = Register von 2001

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Kirchengebäude in Meiningen
Herpf
Herpf
Herpf
Gotisches Bauwerk in Thüringen
Erbaut im 15. Jahrhundert
Meiningen

St.-Johannis-Kirche (Herpf)


Vyšná Šebastová este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Prešov din regiunea Prešov. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2014 număra 1.191 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Vyšná Šebastová este atestată documentar din 1272.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Vyšná Šebastová


An Eragrostis milnei in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Georg Oskar Edmund Launert ngan Thomas Arthur Cope. An Eragrostis milnei in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eragrostis, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Zambia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eragrostis

Eragrostis milnei


AGU, Mazhar-Fuat-Özkan'nün 11 yıl aradan sonra çıkarttığı 9. stüdyo albümü. Albümün ismi, Mazhar Alanson, Fuat Güner ve Özkan Uğur'un soyadlarının baş harflerinden oluşmaktadır. Albümün çıkış parçası "Sarı Laleler" oldu. Albümün ikinci klibi ise "Vurgun Yedim"e çekildi. "Ne Bileyim Ben", daha önce Mazhar Alanson'un solo çalışması olarak Her Şey Çok Güzel Olacak filminde, "Olduramadım" da Özkan Uğur'un solo çalışması olarak G.O.R.A. filminde kullanılmıştı. Şarkı sözlerinin beş tanesi Mazhar Alanson tarafından yazılan albümdeki diğer şarkılar farklı söz yazarları tarafından kaleme alınmıştır. Bu nedenle bu albüm MFÖ diskografisinde farklı bir yerde durmaktadır. Müziklerde ise grubun üç elemanının da imzası vardır.

Şarkı listesi
 "Muaf" (3:40) (Söz: Eda Alanson, Müzik: Mazhar Alanson)
 "Milli Park" (3:24) (Söz: İsmet Özel, Müzik: Mazhar Alanson)
 "Vurgun Yedim" (3:13) (Söz: Aysel Gürel, Müzik: Fuat Güner)
 "Amanın Aman" (3:37) (Söz: Mazhar Alanson, Müzik: Özkan Uğur)
 "Sarı Laleler" (3:20) (Söz-Müzik: Mazhar Alanson)
 "O Neydi O" (3:11) (Söz: Mazhar Alanson, Müzik: Özkan Uğur)
 "Ne Bileyim Ben" (4:01) (Söz-Müzik: Mazhar Alanson)
 "Gündüz Rüyası" (3:10) (Söz-Müzik: Mazhar Alanson)
 "Silmez Gibisin" (4:10) (Söz: Aysel Gürel, Müzik: Fuat Güner)
 "Biz İstersek" (2:43) (Söz: Ömer Kaplan, Müzik: Fuat Güner)
 "Olduramadım" (3:39) (Söz: Aysun Uğur, Müzik: Özkan Uğur)

Künye

 Mazhar Alanson: Vokal, aranjör (1)
 Fuat Güner: Vokal, akustik ve elektrik gitar
 Özkan Uğur: Vokal, bas gitar
 İskender Paydaş: Klavye, piyano, aranjör (1, 2, 7, 8), mix ve kayıt (7)
 Turhan Yükseler: Akustik ve elektro gitar, Aranjör (3, 4, 6, 9, 10)
 Can Şengün: Elektro gitar
 Gültekin Kaçar: Akustik ve elektro gitar
 Reha Koçer: Bağlama
 Hamdi Akatay: Cajon, tabla
 Göksun Çavdar: Klarnet
 Ferda Özbekligil: Tumba
 Cengiz Tuncer: Davul
 Altuğ Öncü: Ud

 Cem Yılmaz: Aranjör (1)
 Ercan Saatçi: Aranjör (5)
 Ozan Çolakoğlu: Aranjör (11)
 Fuad Abdullah: Mastering, Mix ve kayıt (1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 11)
 Pieter Snapper: Mastering, Mix ve kayıt (1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 11)
 Suat Durmuş: Mix ve kayıt (3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11)
 Ulaş Ağça: Mix ve kayıt (5)
 Özgür Yurtoğlu: Mix ve kayıt (7)
 Murat Elgün: Mix (1, 5, 7)

Mazhar Fuat Özkan albümleri
Pop albümleri
2006 albümleri

AGU


An Philodendron pseudauriculatum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Thomas Bernard Croat. An Philodendron pseudauriculatum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Philodendron, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Philodendron

Philodendron pseudauriculatum


محمد نجيب السيد أحمد هو سياسي سوري ولد في مدينة سلقين عام 1936م، تخرج في جامعة دمشق عام 1965. درس اللغة العربية في مدارس سلقين والجزائر، شغل منصب نائب محافظ ادلب بين عامي 1972 و1975 وأمينا لفرع حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي حتى عام 1980. كلف بمنصب وزير التربية السوري حتى نهاية عام 1987 وشغل لمدة عام ونصف وزيرا للتعليم العالي كذلك عمل محافظا للرقة وريف دمشق حتى عام 1999. يكتب الشعر وله كتاب مطبوع عن تجربته في وزارة التربية «كلمات تربوية», توفي في كندا بتاريخ 18/08/2017.

أشخاص يحتمل أن يكونوا أحياء
خريجو جامعة دمشق
سياسيون سوريون
مواليد 1936
وفيات 1438 هـ

محمد نجيب السيد أحمد


Jean-Claude Romand (born 11 February 1954) is a French spree killer and impostor who pretended to be a medical doctor for 18 years before killing his wife, children and parents in January 1993 when he was about to be exposed.

Heavy suspicions also weigh around the death of his father-in-law, Pierre Crolet, who fell from a staircase on 23 October 1988. Jean-Claude Romand is the only witness to "the accident".

Biography

Jean-Claude Romand was born on 11 February 1954 in Lons-le-Saunier and grew up in the village Clairvaux-les-Lacs in the département of Jura. He studied at the lycée of Lons-le-Saunier until his baccalauréat. In 1971 he registered at the classes préparatoires of Lycée du Parc in Lyon but dropped out after one term. Afterwards he enrolled as a medical student.

Romand told friends and family that he had passed the first and second year medical examinations in 1975, when in fact he had purposely avoided taking either. He never qualified as a doctor, which was unknown by his parents.

For 18 years, Romand posed as a successful medical professional and researcher in the World Health Organization (WHO). He claimed that he had researched arteriosclerosis and that he had contact with political figures.

In reality, he spent his days wandering and used the free information services of the local WHO building. He lived close by in Prévessin-Moëns, France. Periodically, he left for a supposed work trip but travelled only as far as Geneva International Airport and spent a couple of days in a hotel room there, studying medical journals and a travel guide about the various countries he lied about visiting. Romand lived off the money his wife and he had made by selling an apartment, from his wife's salary and from money given to him by various relatives, who were told that he was investing it in various hedge funds and foreign ventures.

Jean-Claude Romand is the only witness to the death of his father-in-law, Pierre Crolet, on 23 October 1988. Pierre Crolet had a fatal fall on the stairs of his house a few days after asking for reimbursement of part of his financial investment. When the rescuers arrived on the scene they claimed to have heard him stammer: "Jean-Claude m'a, Jean-Claude m'a..." ("Jean-Claude [missing verb]d me") before Jean-Claude intervened to put an oxygen mask on the face of his father-in-law. Pierre Crolet died of his injuries a few days later without waking up. The courts ruled it an accident and Romand was not prosecuted, later organizing his father-in-law's funeral and launching a fundraiser. He subsequently diverted all donations.

Actions on the night of the murder
On 9 January 1993, Romand withdrew 2,000 francs (equivalent to € in ) and borrowed a .22 rifle from his father, for which he purchased a suppressor and gas canisters and asked for them to be gift wrapped. That night, according to authorities, he beat his wife to death on the couple's double bed with a rolling pin. He left her body until the morning, sleeping as normal. The next morning he woke his children, had breakfast and watched cartoons with them. He put them to bed that night, and, once they had fallen asleep, he shot them both in the head. After these killings, the only people who could expose him were his parents and his ex-mistress, who wanted back 900,000 francs that she had given him as a favour.

The next morning Romand travelled to his parents' house, where he joined them for a meal. Immediately after the meal he repeatedly shot both of them and the family dog.

That night he picked up his ex-mistress, telling her they were invited to a dinner with the then-health minister, Bernard Kouchner. Pretending that they were lost, he made her get out of the car and attempted to strangle her with a cord, spraying tear gas into her face. When she fought back, he apologized and drove her back to her home, after making her promise never to tell anyone about his attempt to murder her. He then returned to his family home, which still contained the bodies of his dead wife, children and dog.

He sat and watched television before he poured petrol around the house, set it on fire and took an overdose of sleeping pills. Whether this attempt was genuine is doubtful, since some writers have pointed out that the pills he took were long expired and he had access to more effective barbiturates. He was rescued by local firefighters, who were alerted by the road cleaners at 4 o'clock the next morning.

He survived the blaze but refused to talk to police during subsequent questioning.

Aftermath
Romand's trial for the murder of his family began on 25 June 1996. On 6 July 1996, Romand was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment with no possibility of parole for 22 years; he became eligible for parole in 2015. An appeals court in Bourges granted Romand parole in 2019; he had been imprisoned for 26 years. He was released into the custody of a nearby Benedictine monastery and had an electronic bracelet placed on him to ensure he did not try to escape. Romand is reputed to suffer from narcissistic personality disorder.

Documentary, fiction and scholarship

French author Emmanuel Carrère corresponded with Romand during his imprisonment and wrote a book, L'Adversaire (The Adversary), based on the case. Nicole Garcia directed a movie, L'Adversaire (2002), based on the book; actor Daniel Auteuil played the part of Romand (renamed Jean-Marc Faure in the film).

Two other films were loosely based on Romand's life: the French L'Emploi du temps (2001) (English title: Time Out) and the Spanish  (English title: Nobody's Life).

Romand's deception also formed the basis of the 'Subterraneans' episode of the BBC crime drama Waking The Dead (third episode of the fifth series in 2005). Episode 16 (season 1) 'Phantom' of Law & Order: Criminal Intent is also constructed around this story.

Philosopher Jean Baudrillard analyzed Romand's case in his book of essays The Intelligence of Evil or the Lucidity Pact. He describes Romand's secret life not as a dissimulation but as a genuine doubling: "To transfigure insignificance and banality, all that is needed is to turn them into a parallel universe. There is no simulation in all this." He also claims that such a long pretense would be impossible without some kind of complicity: "One can no more explain the silence of those around him than Romand's own silence. The deeper he gets into his stratagem, the deeper the others retreat into their absence of curiosity. It is genuinely a conspiracy."

References

 The Man Who Faked His Life, Channel 4 Documentary, 2005, director and producer Liz Tucker

1954 births
Familicides
French murderers of children
French people convicted of murder
French prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
French spree killers
Impostors
Living people
People convicted of murder by France
People from Lons-le-Saunier
People with narcissistic personality disorder
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by France

Jean-Claude Romand


Emirler, Gölbaşı - Ankara ili Gölbaşı ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Emirler, Haymana - Ankara ili Haymana ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Emirler, Bigadiç - Balıkesir ili Bigadiç ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Emirler, Mengen - Bolu ili Mengen ilçesine bağlı köy
 Emirler, Boğazkale - Çorum ili Boğazkale ilçesine bağlı köy
 Emirler, Nurdağı - Gaziantep ili Nurdağı ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Emirler, Andırın - Kahramanmaraş ili Andırın ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Emirler, Eflani - Karabük ili Eflani ilçesine bağlı köy
 Emirler, Cide - Kastamonu ili Cide ilçesine bağlı köy
 Emirler, Tavşanlı - Kütahya ili Tavşanlı ilçesine bağlı köy
 Emirler, Yenişehir - Mersin ili Yenişehir ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Emirler, Tarsus - Mersin ili Tarsus ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Emirler, Ulukışla - Niğde ili Ulukışla ilçesine bağlı köy
 Emirler, Gölköy - Ordu ili Gölköy ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Emirler, Adapazarı - Sakarya ili Adapazarı ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Emirler, Yıldızeli - Sivas ili Yıldızeli ilçesine bağlı köy
 Emirler, Haliliye - Şanlıurfa ili Haliliye ilçesine bağlı mahalle

Emirler


Vicente de León (muerto el 11 de marzo del 554 en León) fue un monje benedictino, abad del Monasterio de San Claudio de León.

Biografía

Una leyenda dice que se dedicó a predicar contra la herejía arriana. Los suevos arrianos tomaron el monasterio y le interrogaron sobre si era el que predicaba. Él dio un discurso defendiendo la doctrina católica. Entonces unos verdugos le desnudaron y le azotaron hasta que se le vieron los huesos. Luego le metieron en una celda oscura, donde se dice que se apareció un ángel que le consoló. Al día siguiente le sacaron de la celda y le sometieron a otro interrogatorio. Él continuó defendiendo la Trinidad. Posteriormente, comenzaron a golpearle. Él siguió con su defensa del dogma mientras le golpeaban. Entonces le sacaron fuera del monasterio y lo mataron de un golpe de cuchillo en la cabeza.

La tradición dice que su espíritu se apareció con un grupo de ángeles al resto de frailes mientras rezaban y les dijo que si querían perecer por la fe podían hacerlo, pero que si se consideraban débiles para el martirio podían huir y esconderse en la sierra.

Dos días después, también murieron el prior del monasterio, Ramiro, y doce monjes que permanecieron allí, mientras el resto de la comunidad huyó.

Sus restos fueron enterrados en el monasterio, pero con el tiempo se perdieron, excepto las de Vicente y Ramiro. Los de Vicente fueron trasladadas a la Catedral de Oviedo, donde se depositaron en una arca de plata en el 1268. Este arca se encuentra en la Cámara Santa.

Algunos historiadores basan su biografía en una inscripción funeraria hallada en el Monasterio de San Claudio "en época antigua", que indica como la fecha de su muerte el año 630, a los 47 años, y lo alaba como santo abad y sacerdote, descubridor de las reliquias de unos santos.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Abades benedictinos
Benedictinos de España
Santos católicos de España del siglo VI
Santos de la Iglesia ortodoxa
Santos de la Comunión anglicana
Religiosos de España del siglo VI
Santos benedictinos
Mártires católicos de España
Nacidos en León (España)
Monjes cristianos del siglo VI
Abades de España

Vicente de León


Un conservant este o substanță chimică adăugată unor produse, precum alimente, băuturi, medicamente, vopsele, probe biologice sau cosmetice, cu scopul de a preveni descompunerea acestora prin inhibarea microorganismelor sau a unor reacții chimice indezirabile.

Tipuri

Conservanți antimicrobieni
Conservanții antimicrobieni previn degradarea produselor, care poate avea loc din cauza anumitor microorganisme. Această metodă de conservare este una dintre cele mai vechi utilizate, murarea fiind utilizată încă din Antichitate pentru prevenirea creșterii microbiene. Unul dintre cei mai utilizați agenți antimicrobieni este acidul lactic, dar există multe alte exemple. Azotații și azotiții sunt de asemenea adesea utilizați pe post de conservanți.

Antioxidanți

Procesele de oxidare sunt cauza majoritară a degradării produselor alimentare, în special a celor cu conținut ridicat în grăsimi. Grăsimile se râncezesc în contact cu aerul, iar antioxidanții previn sau inhibă acest proces de oxidare. Cei mai comuni conservanți antioxidanți sunt acidul ascorbic (vitamina C) și ascorbații. Astfel, antioxidanții sunt adesea utilizați pentru produse precum uleiuri, brânzeturi sau chips-uri. Alți antioxidanți sunt derivați ai fenolului, precum BHA, BHT, TBHQ și galat de propril. Acești agenți antioxidanți inhibă formarea de hidroperoxizi.

Note

Vezi și
 Aditiv alimentar
 Conservarea alimentelor

Conservant


Once In A Lifetime er det første livealbum fra den skotske keltiske rockband Runrig. Det blev udgivet i 1998.

I en anmeldelse på AllMusic blev det kaldt et af de bedste livealbums nogensinde: "Det fanger bandets bedste milieu - live - Once In A Lifetime er  muligvis et af de ti bedste livealbums nogensinde, hvis en test af livealbums er effekten et band har på sit publikum på denne aften. Alternativt spændende og rørende, dets højdepunkt er udgaven af "Loch Lomond", der skal høres før man tror det."

Spor
 "Dance Called America" – 5:08
 "Protect And Survive" – 4:16
 "Chì Mi'n Geamhradh" (I See The Winter) – 4:09
 "Rocket To The Moon" – 5:01
 "Going Hom"e – 4:20
 "Cnoc Na Fèille" (The Hill At The Market Stance) – 5:23
 "'S Tu Mo Leannan" (You Are My Love) / Nightfall On Marsco – 3:26
 "Skye" – 6:03
 "Loch Lomond" – 6:24
 "Hearts Of Olden Glory" – 2:14

Personel
Iain Bayne: trommer
Malcolm Jones: elektrisk guitar, vokal
Calum Macdonald: percussion, vokal
Rory Macdonald: vokal, basguitar
Donnie Munro: Forsanger, akustisk guitar
Peter Wishart: keyboard

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Once in a Lifetime på Discogs

Runrig-livealbum
Livealbum fra 1988

Once in a Lifetime (Runrig-album)


George Adelbert "Bart" Bartholomew (1 de junho de 1919 - 2 de outubro de 2006) foi um biólogo norte-americano. Nasceu em Independence, Missouri e obteve seus diplomas de bacharelado e mestrado pela Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley. Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, ele serviu como físico no US Naval Bureau of Ordnance. Ele obteve seu doutorado na Universidade de Harvard, mas foi associado durante o resto de sua longa carreira, até sua aposentadoria em 1989, com a Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles (UCLA).

Foi eleito membro da Academia de Artes e Ciências dos Estados Unidos em 1981 e membro da Academia Nacional de Ciências em 1985.

Bartholomew também é reconhecido pelo grande número de cientistas prolíficos que treinaram sob sua supervisão. Especificamente, 39 Ph.D. alunos, 5 pesquisadores de pós-doutorado e um aluno de mestrado foram treinados em seu laboratório na UCLA. Esses alunos passaram a treinar seus próprios alunos e, em 2005, sua linhagem abrangeu um máximo de sete gerações e incluiu cerca de 1 200 indivíduos. Bartolomeu é tão respeitado entre os biólogos contemporâneos que é motivo de orgulho afirmar estar na "Árvore Bartolomeu", que é ser um descendente acadêmico de Bartolomeu.

Referências

Ligações externas
 Academic Genealogy of George Bartholomew
 National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir

Ornitólogos dos Estados Unidos
Membros da Academia Nacional de Ciências dos Estados Unidos
Membros da Academia de Artes e Ciências dos Estados Unidos
Professores da Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles
Alunos da Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley
Alunos da Universidade Harvard

George A. Bartholomew


Kosmos 2297, ruski ELINT (radioelektronsko izviđanje) satelit iz programa Kosmos. Vrste je Celina-2.
Lansiran je 24. studenoga 1994. godine u 09:15 s kozmodroma Bajkonura (Tjuratama) u Kazahstanu. Lansiran je u nisku orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Zenit-2 11K77. Orbita mu je 848 km u perigeju i 854 km u apogeju. Orbitna inklinacija mu je 71,00°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 23404. COSPARova oznaka je 1994-077-A. Zemlju obilazi u 101,95 minuta. Pri lansiranju bio je mase 6000 kg.

Raspadanjem je nekoliko komada završilo u opadajućoj orbiti, dok su neki još u orbiti. Prvi je bio u brzom raspadu u orbiti od 828 km u perigeju i 850 km u apogeju. Orbitna inklinacija mu je bila 71,00°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 23417. COSPARova oznaka je 1994-077-H. Zemlju je obilazio u 101,70 minuta. U atmosferu se vratio 15. veljače 2001. godine.

Drugi je u sporom raspadu u orbiti od 817 km u perigeju i 931 km u apogeju. Orbitna inklinacija mu je 71,01°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 23418. COSPARova oznaka je 1994-077-J. Zemlju obilazi u 102,43 minute.

Treći je bio u brzom raspadu u orbiti od 839 km u perigeju i 847 km u apogeju. Orbitna inklinacija mu je bila 71,00°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 23419. COSPARova oznaka je 1994-077-K. Zemlju je obilazio u 101,78 minuta. U atmosferu se vratio 15. veljače 2001. godine.

Četvrti je bio u brzom raspadu u orbiti od 639 km u perigeju i 664 km u apogeju. Orbitna inklinacija mu je bila 70,97°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 26966. COSPARova oznaka je 1994-077-L. Zemlju je obilazio u 97,75 minuta. U atmosferu se vratio 4. siječnja 2002. godine.

Peti je u sporom raspadu u orbiti od 698 km u perigeju i 818 km u apogeju. Orbitna inklinacija mu je 70,98°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 27760. COSPARova oznaka je 1994-077-M. Zemlju obilazi u 100,00 minuta.

Izvori
Heavens-above (engl.)
NASA (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)
Kunstman  Satellites in Orbit (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 2297


Hoya variifolia er fjölær jurt í vaxblómaættkvísl.  Útbreiðslan er á Súmötru.

Tilvísanir

Vaxblómaættkvísl

Hoya variifolia


Evgheni Ghermanovici Vodolazkin (n. 21 februarie 1964, Kiev) este un istoric literar și scriitor rus, specialist în literatura rusă veche.

Biografie
A absolvit Facultatea de Filologie a Universității Naționale Taras Șevcenko din Kiev (1986). În același an a fost admis la studii postuniversitare la Institutul de Literatură Rusă al Academiei de Științe a URSS (Casa Pușkin), Departamentul de literatură veche, condus de academicianul D.S. Lihaciov. În următorii trei ani, a scris o teză despre traducerea Cronicii bizantine a lui Gheorghe Аmartol, iar din 1990 lucrează acolo pe postul de cercetător științific.

A obținut în anul 2000 titlul științific de doctor în filologie cu teza de doctorat: "Istoria lumii în literatura Vechii Rusii (pe baza textelor cronografice din secolele XI—XV)".

În 2015 a scris textul "Dictarea totală".

Locuiește în Sankt-Petersburg; este căsătorit cu Tatiana Rudi.

Opere
 Дмитрий Лихачев и его эпоха: Воспоминания. Эссе. Документы. Фотографии. - СПб.: Logos, 2002. 424 p. - 2000 ex.
 Похищение Европы (Răpirea Europei). — СПб.: Logos, 2005. — 416 p. — 2000 ex.
 Соловьёв и Ларионов (Soloviov și Larionov)  — М.: Новое литературное обозрение, 2009. — 342 p. — 1000 ex.
 Часть суши, окруженная небом: Соловецкие тексты и образы. - СПб.: Logos, 2011. - 784 p. - 1000 ex.
 Лавр (Laur). — М.: АСТ: Редакция Елены Шубиной, 2012. — 448 p. — 43.000 ex.
 Совсем другое время. Сборник рассказов. — М.: АСТ, 2013. — 480 p. — 4000 ex.
 Красная стрела: [рассказы, эссе] / Сост. С. Николавеч и Е. Шубина. - М.: АСТ, 2013. - 703 p. - 4000 ex.
 Русские дети: 48 рассказов о детях / Сост. П. Крусанов, А. Етоев. - СПб,: Азбука-Аттикус, 2013. - 800 p. - 10.000 ex.
 Текст и традиция. Альманах. Т. 1-3. — СПб.: Росток, 2013-2015. — 1000 ex.
 Дом и остров, или Инструмент языка: Эссе. — М.: АСТ, 2014. — 377 p. — 3000 ex.
 Русские женщины: 47 рассказов о женщинах / Сост. П. Крусанов, А. Етоев. - СПб.: Азбука-Аттикус, 2014. - 640 p. - 7000 ex.
 Детский мир: Сборник рассказов / Сост. Д. Быков. — М.: Редакция Елены Шубиной, 2014. — 432 p. — 7000 ex.
 Пара пьес. — Иркутск: Издатель Сапронов, 2014. — 174 p. — 1300 ex.
 Всё о моем доме: [рассказы, эссе] / Сост. С. Николаевич и Е. Шубина. - М.: АСТ, 2014. - 781 p. - 3500 ex.
 Стоп-кадр. Ностальгия: [рассказы, эссе] / Сост. С. Николаевич, Е. Шубина. - М.: АСТ: Редакция Елены Шубиной, 2015. - 476 p. - 3000 ex.
 Большая книга победителей / Сост. и подгот. текстов Елены Шубиной. - М., 2015.- 560 p. - 6000 ex.
 Россия - Италия: Литературные путешествия. М.: Время, 2016. - 448 p. - 1000 ex.
 Авиатор. — М.: АСТ, Редакция Елены Шубиной, 2016. — 416 p. — 15 000 ex.
 Все в саду: [рассказы, эссе] / Сост. С. Николаевич, Е. Шубина. - М.: АСТ: Редакция Елены Шубиной, 2016. - 478 p. - 2500 ex.

Traduceri în limba română
 Laur (Editura Humanitas, București, 2014)
 Soloviov și Larionov (Editura Humanitas, București, 2015)
 Aviatorul
 Brisbane ( Editura Humanitas, București, 2019 )

Premii
 A publicat, în 2009, romanul Soloviov și Larionov care a intrat pe lista scurtă a premiului "Marea carte" (2010). Următorul roman, Laur, a fost distins cu acest premiu în 2013.
 Laur a primit, de asemenea, premiul "Iasnaia Poliana" și premiul asociației "Portal".
 În 2015 a obținut premiul sârbesc "Milovan Vidaković".
 În 2016 i s-a acordat pentru romanul Laur premiul italiano-rus Gorki (Sorrento).

Note

Legături externe
 Евгений Водолазкин в «Журнальном зале»
 Страница на сайте ИРЛИ РАН
 Водолазкин, Евгений Германович на сайте «Новая литературная карта России»
 Мои тексты не учат религиозности, они предполагают собеседника // «Литературная Россия», 2014, № 23
 Интервью "Истина на поводке: Финалист "Большой книги" Евгений Водолазкин о юродивых, Михаиле Шемякине и нелюбви к кокошникам"// Российская газета, 2010, №5208

Nașteri în 1964
Nașteri pe 21 februarie
Biografi
Scriitori ruși

Evgheni Vodolazkin


NCSoft Corporation (, stylized as NC, formerly stylized as NCSOFT) is a South Korean video game developer and publisher headquartered in Pangyo, Seongnam, South Korea, primarily known for the distribution of massively multiplayer online role-playing games such as Lineage and Guild Wars.

History
NCSoft was founded in March 1997 by Kim Taek Jin. In September 1998, NCSoft launched its first game Lineage. In April 2001 the company created a US subsidiary under the name NC Interactive (based in Austin, Texas, and would later become NCSoft West) after acquiring  Destination Games, headed by Richard Garriott and Robert Garriott. In 2004, NCSoft launched two MMORPGs, Lineage II and City of Heroes.

The company formed NCSoft Europe in July 2004 as a wholly owned subsidiary with its main office in Brighton, England. They brought City of Heroes to several European countries on February 4, 2005, and have since established European service for WildStar and Blade & Soul as well.

On April 26, 2005, NCSoft published Arenanet's first MMO Guild Wars Prophecies as well as Arenanets follow up campaigns Factions and Nightfall and the expansion Eye of the North. NCSoft also published Guild Wars 2 but stopped being the publisher for Guild Wars 2 in 2015 with the release of Heart of Thorns.

On September 10, 2008, NCSoft announced the formation of NCSoft West, a subsidiary which manages NCSoft's other western organizations, and established its headquarters for that subsidiary in Seattle, Washington. On July 28, 2021, NCSoft announced that it was adding the talents of long-time video game industry veteran Jeffrey Anderson (game designer) to its executive leadership team as the new CEO of NCSoft West, overseeing its games business in the Americas, EMEA, and Oceana regions.

On July 8, 2011, NCSoft started talks with SK Telecom to acquire Ntreev Soft Co., Ltd. The talks were expected to last less than a month, but it took seven for NCSoft to complete the acquisition; purchasing 76% of Ntreev's stock for  () on February 15, 2012.

In 2011, NCSoft purchased Hotdog Studio, a mobile game studio based in Seoul that produces phone and smartphone titles such as Dark Shrine.

In June 2012, NCSoft launched Blade & Soul, their first MMORPG since Aion launched in 2006.

In 2012 Nexon acquired a 14.7 percent interest in NCSoft for $688 million. Nexon sold all of its shares of NCSoft in October 2015.

On November 19, 2015, NCSoft West announced the formation of Iron Tiger studios, a developer based in San Mateo, California focused on adapting Korean-made mobile titles for the West, as well as developing their own mobile games.

On August 21, 2020, NCSoft entered the Korean entertainment industry by launching a new subsidiary called "Klap Co., Ltd." Klap and NCSoft launched the entertainment platform UNIVERSE on January 28, 2021.

In March 2022, the Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia acquired a 9.26 percent stake in NCSoft, becoming the company's second largest shareholder after Kim Taek Jin.

Subsidiaries

Current
 ArenaNet
 Iron Tiger Studios
 Ntreev Soft
 NC Dinos

Former
 Carbine Studios
 Destination Games
 Paragon Studios
 KLAP Entertainment

Controversies

Stolen source code
On April 27, 2007, Seoul Metropolitan Police said that seven former employees of NCSoft are suspected of selling the Lineage III source code to a major Japanese game company. According to NCSoft, the potential damages may exceed .

Worlds.com patent lawsuit
Worlds.com CEO Thom Kidrin claimed the idea of a "scalable virtual world with thousands of users" is patented by his organization and targeted NCSoft for patent infringement in 2008, in what he says will be the first of many lawsuits against MMO developers. On April 23, 2010, the Worlds.com case settled, but the terms of the settlement were kept confidential. On July 22, 2010, Worlds.com requested the case be reopened.

Richard Garriott termination
Richard Garriott, lead developer of the failed MMORPG Tabula Rasa, sued NCSoft for  in damages concerning his termination from the company. Garriott asserted in his suit that he was forced out of the company and was made to sell his 400,000 shares in NCSoft's stock, costing him millions of dollars. In addition, he claimed that the company was guilty of fraud by forging his resignation announcement. On July 30, 2010, a jury in a Texas federal court awarded him  in damages. NCSoft described Garriott as someone "who keeps finding different ways to turn the company into his personal ATM," and that "Garriott left the company voluntarily to catch his ride to the International Space Station." Citing his questionable work ethic and the failure of his video game project despite an $84.4 million investment, NCSoft pulled the plug on the game after which Garriott announced he would be leaving the company. This came after he boarded a much-publicized news on his boarding of a Russian aircraft, which cost $30 million. Garriott again prevailed on appeal and NCSoft was required to pay an additional , bringing the total damages awarded to Garriott to .

Closure of Paragon Studios and City of Heroes
On August 31, 2012, NCSoft liquidated Paragon Studios and announced the closure of City of Heroes. Over 21,000 players signed an online petition contesting the shut-down and many used social media to promote their criticisms.

Games

In addition, NCSoft is also the developer and maintainer of a variety of web-based board games in Asian markets.

References

External links

 NCSoft
 NCSoft West

City of Heroes
Companies based in Gyeonggi Province
Companies listed on the Korea Exchange
South Korean brands
South Korean companies established in 1997
Video game companies established in 1997
Video game companies of South Korea
Video game development companies
Bundang

NCSoft


Færgeturen - En historie fra Færøerne er en dansk børnefilm fra 2004, der er instrueret af Leif Jappe og Kirsten Addemos.

Handling
Filmen foregår på Færøerne og handler om 7-årige Armgards første rejse alene. Hendes mor har sendt hende af sted til Torshavn i nogle ærinder. På hjemvejen når Armgard ikke færgen, og det gør Barbara, som hun mødte og hjalp på udturen, heller ikke. Nu er det Barbaras tur til at hjælpe Armgard.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2004

Færøerne
Børnefilm fra Danmark

Færgeturen - En historie fra Færøerne


La Coupe des nations de cyclisme sur piste 2022 est une compétition organisée par l'UCI qui regroupe plusieurs épreuves de cyclisme sur piste. La saison débute le 21 avril et se termine le . Pour cette saison, trois manches sont au programme.

Calendrier

Classement par équipes

Hommes

Kilomètre

Résultats

Classement

Keirin

Résultats

Classement

Vitesse individuelle

Résultats

Classement

Vitesse par équipes

Résultats

Classement

Poursuite individuelle

Résultats

Classement

Poursuite par équipes

Résultats

Classement

Américaine

Résultats

Classement

Course scratch

Résultats

Classement

Omnium

Résultats

Classement

Course à l'élimination

Résultats

Classement

Femmes

500 mètres

Résultats

Classement

Keirin

Résultats

Classement

Vitesse individuelle

Résultats

Classement

Vitesse par équipes

Résultats

Classement

Poursuite individuelle

Résultats

Classement

Poursuite par équipes

Résultats

Classement

Américaine

Résultats

Classement

Course scratch

Résultats

Classement

Omnium

Résultats

Classement

Course à l'élimination

Résultats

Classement

Notes et références

Voir aussi
Championnats du monde de cyclisme sur piste 2022
Ligue des champions de cyclisme sur piste 2022

Liens externes
 Page de la compétition sur le site de l'UCI
 Résultats complets de la manche de Glasgow sur tissottiming.com
 Résultats complets de la manche de Milton sur tissottiming.com
 Résultats complets de la manche de Cali sur tissottiming.com

Cyclisme sur piste en 2022
Coupe des nations de cyclisme sur piste


Nozizwe Charlotte Madlala-Routledge () este politiciană sud-africană care a fost Ministrul Adjunct al Apărării al Africii de Sud din 1999 până în aprilie 2004 și Ministru Adjunct al Sănătății din aprilie 2004 până în august 2007. Președintele Thabo Mbeki a respins-o din Cabinet pe 8 august 2007, după care și-a menținut rolul ca membru al parlamentului, reprezentând Congresului Național African. Pe 25 septembrie 2008, a devenit vicepreședintă a Adunării Naționale, slujind în această calitate până la demisia din Parlament la începutul lunii mai 2009. Ea a fost membră a Partidului Comunist Sud African din 1984.

Referințe

Nașteri în 1952
Oameni în viață
Provocarea 16 femei din Africa

Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge


Kirkville bezeichnet mehrere

Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten:
 Kirkville (Iowa)
 Kirkville (Kalifornien)
 Kirkville (Kentucky)
 Kirkville (Mississippi)
 Kirkville (New York)

Siehe auch:
 Kirksville

Kirkville


Sulejman ef. Kemura (Sarajevo, 1908. – Sarajevo, 19. siječnja 1975.), bošnjački je teolog, osmi po redu reis-ul-ulema u razdoblju SFR Jugoslavije.

Životopis

Sulejman ef. Kemura rođen je 1908. godine u Sarajevu, u uglednoj sarajevskoj obitelji Kemura, iz koje je potjecao i šejh Sejfudin Kemura, poznati sarajevski kroničar, šejh u nakšibendijskom tarikatu. Sin Sejfudina Kemure Muhamed ef. stekao je islamsko obrazovanje u Šerijatskoj sudačkoj školi, a pred kraj života radio je kao imam Gazi Mehmed-begove džamije na Bistriktu. Iz te obitelji bio je i sarajevski povjesničar Ibrahim Kemura, koji je od kraja 1960-ih godina redovno obavljivao svoje tekstove u Glasniku VIS-a iz domena svoga stručnog istraživanja, a ticali su se uglavnom muslimanskih kulturno-prosvjetnih društava.

Sulejman ef. Kemura je po završetku mekteba i ruždije, nastavio je školovanje u Gazi Husrev-begovoj medresi u Sarajevu. Među profesorima te škole bili su mu Ahmed ef. Burek, Muhamed Emin ef. Hadžijamaković, hfz. Džemaludin Berberović. Početkom školske 1925./26. godine upisuje se na Šerijatsku sudačku školu na kojoj je diplomirao u školskoj 1929./30. godini. Kao mladi šerijatski sudac, službovao je pri šerijatskim sudovima u Foči i Konjicu. U Foči se uključuje u rad muslimanskog kulturno-prosvjetnog društva "Gajret", a radi i na suzbijanju nepismenosti među muslimanima. Ubrzo ga, na prijedlog Ulema medžlisa, tadašnji reisu-l-ulema postavlja za sekretara mostarskog muftijstva, gdje pored te dužnosti predaje i vjeronauk u mostarskoj gimnaziji i učiteljskoj školi.

Nakon ukidanja okružnih muftijstava, iz Mostara Sulejman ef. Kemura prelazi u Sarajevo na mjesto prosvjetnog referenta Ulema medžlisa, zatim u Vakufsku direkciju, prvo u svojstvu vjersko-prosvjetnog referenta, a zatim direktora ove značajne institucije. U 1949. godini Vrhovno islamsko starješinstvo u FNRJ povjerilo mu je dužnost direktora Gazi Husrev-begove medrese u Sarajevu i urednika "Glasnika", a osnivanjem Udruge ilmijje 1950. godine izabran je za tajnika tako da je te dužnosti obavljao istovremeno.

Kada je 1950. (re)osnovana Udruga ilmijje, Sulejman ef. Kemura je, ne napuštajući prethodne pozicije ravnatelja i nastavnika Medrese, postao tajnik Udruge ilmijje i na toj se poziciji zadržao sve do imenovanja na mjesto reis-ul-uleme, a bio je među potpisnicima inicijative za osnivanje Udruge. Aktivno radeći u Udrugi ilmijje, Kemura je učestvovao u njegovoj nakladničkoj produkciji.

Po odlasku u mirovinu Ibrahima ef. Fejića, Izborno tijelo za izbor reis-ul-uleme izabralo ga je 15. studenoga 1957. godine za reis-ul-ulemu Islamske zajednice. Svečano ustoličenje i predaja menšure obavljeni su 8. prosinca 1957. godine u Gazi Husrev-begovoj džamiji u Sarajevu. Stupajući na tu dužnost u razdoblju velikih teškoća za Islamsku zajednicu: oduzete vakufske imovine, zatvorenih mekteba i brojnih srušenih ili oštećenih džamija, reis-ul-ulema Kemura ostat će na toj dužnosti sve do smrti i učiniti mnogo na njenoj sanaciji i oporavljanju. Bez obzira na to, svi dosadašnji živopisni podaci o ovom poglavaru su sažeti, šturi i ne nude mnogo informacija, gotovo ništa o vremenu koje je proveo kao reis-ul-ulema.

Nakon kraće bolesti, reis-ul-ulema Sulejman ef. Kemura umro je 19. siječnja 1975. godine. Dženazu nama predvodio je njegov dugogodišni suradnik i nasljednjik na mjestu reis-ul-uleme Naim ef. Hadžiabdić. Pokopan je u haremu  Gazi Husrev-begove džamije u Sarajevu uz mezar reis-ul-uleme Fehima ef. Spahe.

Djela
 Kratka obuka o namazu (Sarajevo, 1955)
 Jasini-šerf (Sarajevo, 1957)

Povezani članci
  Reis-ul-ulema Naim ef. Hadžiabdić

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Dogodilo se na današnji dan: Izabran Sulejman ef. Kemura, "Crveni reis"

Reis-ul-ulema
Životopisi, Sarajevo

Sulejman Kemura


Bevern er en by og en kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Rantzau under Kreis Pinneberg. Kreis Pinneberg ligger i den sydlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Bevern ligger omkring fem kilometer øst for Elmshorn og omkring fire kilometer syd for Barmstedt. Vandløbet Ekholter Au løber gennem kommunen.

Mod vest passerer motorvejen A 23 fra Hamborg mod Itzehoe.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens websted
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2014 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Pinneberg

Bevern (Holsten)


يحيى الرخاوي (1933 - توفي 18 ديسمبر 2022) طبيب نفسي وأديب مصري. عمل أستاذاً للطب النفسي بكلية طب قصر العيني بجامعة القاهرة.

تدرجه الأكاديمي
 بكالوريوس الطب والجراحة، كلية الطب، جامعة القاهرة، 1957.
 دبلوم الأمراض الباطنية، 1959 كلية طب قصر العيني- جامعة القاهرة.
 دبلوم الأمراض النفسية والعصبية، 1961 كلية طب قصر العيني - جامعة القاهرة.
 دكتوراه الطب النفسي، 1963 كلية طب قصر العيني - جامعة القاهرة.

من مؤلفاته العلمية
 علم النفس تحت المجهر.
 مبادئ الأمراض النفسية.

جوائز أدبية
حصل الدكتور يحيى الرخاوي على جائزة الدولة التشجيعية في الآداب عن روايته «المشي على الصراط» سنة 1979.

المراجع

أكاديميون مصريون
خريجو جامعة القاهرة
علماء نفس مصريون
مصريون حائزون على جائزة الدولة التشجيعية
مواليد 1933
وفيات 2022
وفيات 1444 هـ
مواليد 1352 هـ
روائيون مصريون

يحيى الرخاوي


159011 Radomyshl este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
159011 Radomyshl este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la observatorul astronomic din Andrușivka. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,64 ua, o excentricitate de 0,12 și o înclinație de 17,1° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 159001-160000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2004
Centura de asteroizi

159011 Radomyshl


මේජර් ජෙනරල් ජානක වල්ගම (ඉංග්‍රීසි: Janaka Walgama)  VSV,, RSP, USP, psc යනු  ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදා නිලධාරියෙක් වන අතර ඔහු අධ්‍යක්ෂ ජෙනරල් මෙහෙයුම් තනතුර හොබවයි.

මේජර් ජෙනරල් ජානක වල්ගම  කොළඹ නාලන්දා විද්‍යාලයයේ ආදි සිසුවෙකි. මේජර් ජෙනරාල්වරුන් වන උභය මඩවල,  මිලින්ද පීරිස්, අජිත් වික්‍රමසිංහ, ස්නායු වෛද්‍ය විශේෂඥ උදය රණවක, එයාර් චීෆ් මාර්ෂල් ගගන් බුලත්සිංහල යන මිතුරන්  නාලන්දා විද්‍යාලයයේ ඔහුගේ සමකාලීනයෝ.

ආශ්‍රිත
  මේජර් ජෙනරල් ජානක වල්ගමයන් ගේ ඉංග්‍රීසි විකිපීඩියා පිටුව

 කොළඹ නාලන්දා විද්‍යාලයයේ ආදි සිසු හමුදා නිලධරයන්

 ත්‍රිවිධ හමුදාවේ තිහක් වීඑස්වී සම්මානය ලබති

 මම ඉපදුණේ ගුවන් යානයකද කියලා බොහෝ දෙනෙක් අහනවා

චරිත කතා
ශ්‍රී ලාංකිකයෝ
ආදි නාලන්දියයෝ
සිංහලයෝ
ශ්‍රී ලාංකික බෞද්ධයෝ
ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදා නිලධාරීන්

ජානක වල්ගම


Dunăre, Dunăre… este un film românesc din 1975 regizat de Sergio Tau. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Colea Răutu, Isa Miranda, Renato Chiantoni.

Prezentare

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1975 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1975

Dunăre, Dunăre...


Phillip Stockfleth (* 25. Oktober 1977 in Bad Segeberg, Schleswig-Holstein) ist ein deutscher Kampfsportler; mehrfacher Landesmeister, achtmal Deutscher Meister, zweimal Europameister  und Karateweltmeister 2007.

Leben
Stockfleth fing im April 1991 mit Shotokan-Karate an. Nach geraumer Zeit nahm er bereits an Landesmeisterschaften und anderen Turnieren teil. Über das Shotokan-Karate kam Phillip Stockfleth zum Ashihara-Karate (Vollkontakt) und erlernte auch diverse Techniken aus dem Kickboxen und dem Jiu Jitsu. Stockfleth selbst ist in diversen Verbänden gemeldet und konnte in seiner vergangenen Wettkampf-Laufbahn diverse hochwertige Titel erkämpfen. So war er mehrfacher Landesmeister, mehrfacher Deutscher Meister in verschiedenen Disziplinen, ebenfalls mehrfacher German Open Sieger. Dazu kommen noch Europa- und Weltmeistertitel. Den absoluten Höhepunkt erreichte Stockfleth im Jahr 2007, als er auf der Weltmeisterschaft den Grand Champion Titel erringen konnte.
Nachdem Stockfleth seine aktive Karate-Wettkampfzeit beendete, wechselte er zu dem Sport-Kenjutsu, einer modernen Schwertkampf-Disziplin, die mit harten Schaumstoff-Schwertern (Katanas) ausgekämpft wird. Im Jahr 2010 beendete Stockfleth seine aktive Wettkampf-Karriere und widmet sich seitdem seiner Kampfsportschule in Hamburg und dem Karate-Nachwuchs.

Auszeichnungen
 Ausgezeichnet mit dem IMAF BUDO ADWARD 2004 durch Präsident Jens Fricke
 Aufgenommen in die internationale Hall of Fame in London
 Ausgezeichnet mit dem "Best Fighter"- Award

Weblinks
 www.phillip-stockfleth.com

Einzelnachweise

Karateka (Deutschland)
Mann
Geboren 1977
Deutscher

Phillip Stockfleth


Farah Zeynep Abdullah (* 17. August 1989 in Istanbul) ist eine türkische Schauspielerin und Sängerin.

Leben und Karriere
Sie erwarb ihre Hochschulreife in England und studierte anschließend Schauspiel an der University of Kent. Farah Zeynep Abdullah wurde durch die türkische Fernsehserie Öyle Bir Geçer Zaman ki (deutsch etwa: "Wie die Zeit vergeht") bekannt. Sie spielte in bisher zwei Staffeln mit 79 Folgen die Rolle der am Ende der zweiten Staffel verstorbenen Familientochter Aylin Akarsu Talaşoğlu.

Diskografie
Singles
 2014: Gel Ya Da Git
 2014: Nafile
 2014: Eyvah
 2014: Sevdim
 2014: Başka Güzel
 2014: Bir Mazi Bin Hatıra
 2017: Paramparça (mit Emir Ersoy)
 2017: Haydi Gel İçelim (mit Emir Ersoy)
 2018: Bu Hangi Masaldı?
 2018: Milyonzade
 2018: Boşvermişim Dünyaya
 2019: Sen Unutulacak Kadın Mısın (mit Erol Evgin)
 2020: Eller Eller
 2022: Bana Neler Vadettin

Filmografie
Filme
 2013: Kelebeğin Rüyası
 2014: Bi Küçük Eylül Meselesi
 2014: Unutursam Fısılda
 2016: Ekşi Elmalar
 2018: Arif V 216
 2018: Bizim İçin Şampiyon
 2022: Bergen

Serien
 2010–2012: Öyle Bir Geçer Zaman Ki
 2014: Kurt Seyit Ve Şura
 2016–2017: Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem
 2018: Gülizar
 2020–2021: Masumlar Apartmanı

Weblinks

  bei Sinematurk (türkisch)

Einzelnachweise

Theaterschauspieler
Filmschauspieler
Türke
Geboren 1989
Frau

Farah Zeynep Abdullah


11337 Sandro este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
11337 Sandro este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Montelupo de Maura Tombelli și Giuseppe Forti. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,28 ua, o excentricitate de 0,15 și o înclinație de 3,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 11001-12000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1996
Centura de asteroizi

11337 Sandro


حسان عباس لاعب معتزل ومدرب كرة قدم سوري، لعب لنادي الكرامة الحمصي.

عمل مساعداً لمدرب نادي الكرامة، ومن ثم تولى مسؤولية تدريبه في نهاية عام 2017.

انجازاته

مع الكرامة
 بطل الدوري السوري 5 مرات
 بطل كأس الجمهورية السورية 5 مرات
 بطل كأس السوبر السوري مرة واحدة
 الوصول لنهائي دوري أبطال آسيا عام 2006.

مع المنتخب
 بطل كأس آسيا للشباب عام 1994 مع المنتخب السوري الشاب
 المشاركة في كأس العالم للشباب عام 1995.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية سوريون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من حمص
رياضيون من حمص
لاعبو الدوري السوري
لاعبو كأس آسيا 1996
لاعبو كرة قدم سوريون
لاعبو منتخب سوريا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي الكرامة
مواليد 1393 هـ
مواليد 1974

حسان عباس (لاعب كرة قدم)