البنك الشعبي المركزي هو بنك مغربي، تم تأسيسه سنة 1961، ولعب دور كبير في اقتصاد المغرب، ويستحوذ البنك على 60% من مجموع المذخرات المحلية للجالية المغربية في الخارج. وهو أول بنك معترف به دوليا في المغرب. للبنك مكاتب في كل من ألمانيا، انكلترا، كندا، إسبانيا، فرنسا، جبل طارق، هولندا، بلجيكا وبإيطاليا.

سنة 2011 احتل المرتبة الأربعين في قائمة فوربس الشرق الأوسط لأقوى 100 شركة في العالم العربي.

بحلول عام 2018، وصل عدد الوكالات البنكية للبنك الشعبي 1443 وكالة، وبلغ عدد الزبناء 6 ملايين و 100 ألف زبون، وأصبحت المجموعة تتوفر على 320 17 موظف.

تاريخ

في مايو 2011 أعلنت الحكومة المغربية عن بيع حصة 20 % في البنك الشعبي المركزي المغربي مقابل 5.3 مليار درهم، لصالح البنوك الشعبية الجهوية. وبذلك أضحت البنوك الشعبية الجهوية، وهي بنوك تضامنية، تمتلك 40% من رأسمال البنك الشعبي المركزي. وزعت هذه النسبة على 10 أبناك شعبية جهوية في حدود 2 بالمئة لكل واحد منها.

سجلت النتيجة الصافية للبنك برسم سنة 2010، ارتفاعا بنسبة 6 في المائة، بتحقيقها ل 3,1 ملايير درهم.

بلغ البنك سنة 2010 حوالي 1068 شباكا أوتوماتيكيا، ومليوني بطاقة متداولة من قبل زبنائه. وحتى سنة 2011 كان يمتلك البنك الشعبي 35 فرعا موزعة على دول أوروبا و 4 في غينيا و 3 إفريقيا الوسطى.

في أبريل 2012، قام البنك ببيع حصة 5 % من أسهمه إلى المجموعة الفرنسية البنك الشعبي-مصرف الإدخار (BPCE) مقابل 1.74 مليار درهم مغربي أي ما يعادل 190 مليون دولار، وذلك باعتبار قيمة السهم تساوي 201 درهم.

في يونيو 2012 أعلن البنك الشعبي أنه استحوذ على 50% من مجموعة أطلنتيك الإيفوارية، التي تضم سبعة أبناك، في كل من ساحل العاج وبنين وتوغو وبوركينا فاسو ومالي والنيجر.

في غشت 2012، أعلن البنك عن صفقة ثانية مع شريك أجنبي، فوت بموجبها حصة 5 في المائة من رأسماله إلى الشركة المالية العالمية (IFC)، وهي مؤسسة تابعة للبنك الدولي، مقابل 1.74 مليار درهم مغربي، على أساس نفس قيمة السهم التي تم اعتمادها مع المجموعة الفرنسية البنك الشعبي-مصرف الإدخار (BPCE).

في 2018، تم تعيين محمد كريم منير كمدير عام جديد للبنك الشعبي المركزي.

الشركات والمؤسسات التابعة

 التوفيق للتمويل الأصغر: حازت على تصريح بقرار وزاري في فاتح مارس 2000، كما تم الاعتراف لهذه الجمعية غير الربحية بصفة المنفعة العامة بظهير صدر بتاريخ 15 نونبر 1958، والقانون 97/18 المتعلق بالقروض الصغرى. وتتوفر على شبكة تضم 425 نقطة بيع و1616 مستخدم.
 المغرب إنجاد الدولية: تأسست في سنة 1976، وأصبحت أحد الشركات التابعة الاستراتيجية لمجموعة البنك الشعبي سنة 1988، وتحتل المغرب إنجاد الدولية مركز الريادة على مستوى سوق الإنجاد بالمغرب.
 أب لاين كورتاج: تأسست في سنة 2007، وهي شركة مملوكة لمجموعة البنك الشعبي وتابعة لمجموعة أب لاين، متخصصة في مجال الاستشارة ووساطة التأمين. وباعتبارها شركة تأمين واستشارة، تقوم بإدارة، بالإضافة إلى عقود التأمين على الأضرار والتغطيات الاجتماعية لكافة الشركات التابعة ومتعاوني مجموعة البنك الشعبي، عقود التأمين البنكي الموجهة للزبناء من الخواص وبرامج التأمين الخاصة بعدد من الشركات الزبونة للمجموعة.

الرؤساء
عبد الله المعروفي: 9. فبراير 1998.

محمد بنشعبون: فبراير 2008.

محمد كريم منير: 1 نوفمبر 2018.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي (بالفرنسية)
 البنك الشعبي ورقة تقنية، بورصة الدار البيضاء.

بنوك المغرب
شركات أسست في 1961
شركات مقرها في الدار البيضاء
شركات مؤشر مازي
علامات تجارية مغربية
قائمة البنوك في المغرب

البنك الشعبي (المغرب)


Andreas Johann Bäumler () é um microbiologista e imunologista alemão.

Formação e carreira
Bäumler estudou microbiologia na Universidade de Tübingen, onde obteve um doutorado em 1992, com uma tese sobre o metabolismo do ferro da Escherichia coli e Yersinia enterocolitica. No pós-doutorado esteve na Oregon Health Science University de 1992 a 1995. A partir de 1996 foi professor assistente na Universidade A&M do Texas, onde se tornou professor associado em 2001, e a partir de 2005 foi professor de microbiologia e imunologia na Universidade da Califórnia em Davis.

Em 2010 tornou-se fellow da American Academy of Microbiology e em 2020 membro da Academia Leopoldina. Em 2021 ele e Yasmine Belkaid receberam o Prêmio Robert Koch por trabalhos sobre a importância da microflora para o sistema imunológico humano.

Em 2017 foi o editor principal do periódico Infection and Immunity.

Ligações externas
Página pessoal, UC Davis
Página na Leopoldina

Membros da Leopoldina (século XXI)
Professores da Universidade da Califórnia em Davis
Microbiologistas da Alemanha

Andreas Bäumler


Knutbühren est un village de la commune allemande de Göttingen, dans le Land de Basse-Saxe. Avec Groß Ellershausen et Hetjershausen, il forme un grand quartier de la ville.

Histoire
Knutbühren se situe dans le Leinebergland dans la partie nord du plateau de Dransfeld à l'ouest du Leinegraben dans une dépression du terrain. Ici coule le Flötegraben, qui coule ensuite vers l'est à travers le Börltal dans le Leinetal et se jette dans le Grone à Göttingen dans le parc Levinschen.

Après Deppoldshausen, Knutbühren est le deuxième plus petit quartier de la ville de Göttingen. Le quartier couvre une superficie de , soit 3,4 % de la superficie de toute la ville. Contrairement à la plupart des autres endroits de la région, la disposition de la ville a peu changé depuis le . Dans la période qui suit la Seconde Guerre mondiale, aucune nouvelle zone de développement n'est créée dans le village. La rue la plus longue du village est Lindenallee, qui s'étend du nord au sud et est bordée de propriétés étroites et allongées. La forme de base de cette structure parcellaire correspond encore à la disposition originale d'un village en rangée à l'époque des défrichements. De Lindenallee, la courte Ossenfelder Straße bifurque vers l'ouest et la rue sans issue encore plus courte, Klostergasse, vers l'est. L'ancienne Tieplatz se trouve à l'extrémité nord du village, la chapelle à l'est sur Klostergasse.

Le village est probablement mentionné pour la première fois dans un document de la première moitié du . Étant donné que Bühren, qui n'est qu'à environ , porte également le toponyme "Buren", l'attribution de nombreux documents n'est pas certaine et ne peut être déduite que sur la base de la continuité de propriété. Pour distinguer Knutbühren également appelé "Luttekenburen" (1380) ou "Alten Buern" (1566), apparaît pour la première fois en 1399 le nom de "Knutbüren".

Le village appartient au Amt Harste de 1448 jusqu'à sa dissolution en 1823. Le , le village est incorporée à la ville de Göttingen. Fin 2018, 162 personnes y ont une résidence principale.

Religion
À Knutbühren, il y avait autrefois une paroisse évangélique luthérienne à Elliehausen. Elle est dissoute le  pour la paroisse évangélique luthérienne de Hetjershausen. En 2013, 67,9% des habitants de Knutbühren étaient protestants et 5,7% catholiques.

Source, notes et références

Localité en Basse-Saxe
Ancienne commune en Basse-Saxe
Göttingen

Knutbühren


Kanaima (Canaima, Kanaimà, Kenaima, Kanáima, Kanaimö), U sustavu vjerovanja karipskih plemena Carib, Akawayo, Makushi, Patamona i Pemon, Kanaima je zao duh koji zaposjedne ljude i tjera ih da se pretvore u smrtonosne životinje i/ili pobješnjele ubojice. Ubojice, ili Karibi koji su tražili osvetu za ubijenog rođaka, ponekad su pozivali duh Kanaima u sebe uzimajući određene droge ili provodeći određene magijske rituale.

Izvori

Indijanska mitologija (zli duhovi)
Carib
Pemon
Cariban

Kanaima


Ptychospermatinae, podtribus palmi, dio tribusa Areceae, potporodica Arecoideae. Sastoji se od 14  rodova, na otocima zapadnog Pacifika, Australiji i Novoj Gvineji.

Rodovi
 Adonidia Becc., 2 vrste; Borneo, Filipini.
 Balaka Becc., 10 vrsta; Fidži, Samoa
 Brassiophoenix Burret, 2 vrste; Nova Gvineja
 Carpentaria Becc., 1 vrsta; Sjeverni teritorij
 Drymophloeus Zipp., 3 vrste; Moluci, Nova Gvineja, Samoa
 Jailoloa Heatubun & W.J.Baker, 1 vrsta; Moluci
 Manjekia W.J.Baker & Heatubun, 1 vrsta; Nova Gvineja
 Normanbya F.Muell. ex Becc., 1 vrsta; Queensland
 Ponapea Becc., 4 vrste; Bismarckovi otoci, Karolinski otoci
 Ptychococcus Becc., 2 vrste; Bismarckovi otoci, Solomonski otoci, Nova Gvineja
 Ptychosperma Labill., 29 vrsta; Bismarckovi otoci, Moluci, Nova Gvineja, Sjeverni teritorij, Queensland, Solomonski otoci.
 Veitchia H.Wendl., 11 vrsta; Fidži, Solomonovi otoci, Vanuatu
 Wallaceodoxa Heatubun & W.J.Baker, 1 vrsta, Nova Gvineja
 Wodyetia A.K.Irvine, 1 vrsta; Queensland.

Izvori

Areceae

Ptychospermatinae


Abbott Joseph Liebling (October 18, 1904 – December 28, 1963) was an American journalist who was closely associated with The New Yorker from 1935 until his death. His New York Times obituary called him "a critic of the daily press, a chronicler of the prize ring, an epicure and a biographer of such diverse personages as Gov. Earl Long of Louisiana and Col. John R. Stingo." He was known for dubbing Chicago the "Second City" and for the aphorism "Freedom of the press is guaranteed only to those who own one." Liebling's boxing book The Sweet Science was named the greatest sports book of all time by Sports Illustrated.  Liebling was a connoisseur of French cuisine, a subject he wrote about in Between Meals: An Appetite For Paris. Pete Hamill, editor of a Library of America anthology of Liebling's writings, said "He was a gourmand of words, in addition to food... he retained his taste for 'low' culture too: boxers and corner men, conmen and cigar store owners, political hacks and hack operators. They're all celebrated in [his] pages."

Early life

Liebling was born into a well-off family on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, where his father worked in New York's fur industry. His father was a Jewish immigrant from Austria and his mother, Anna Adelson Slone, came from a Jewish family in San Francisco. After early schooling in New York, Liebling was admitted to Dartmouth College in the fall of 1920. His primary activity during his undergraduate career was as a contributor to the Jack-O-Lantern, Dartmouth's nationally known humor magazine. He left Dartmouth without graduating, later claiming he was "thrown out for missing compulsory chapel attendance." He then enrolled in the School of Journalism at Columbia University.

Career

Early years

After finishing at Columbia, he began his career as a journalist at the Evening Bulletin of Providence, Rhode Island. He worked briefly in the sports department of The New York Times, from which he supposedly was fired for listing the name "Ignoto" (Italian for "unknown") as the referee in results of games.

In 1926, Liebling's father asked if he would like to suspend his career as a journalist to study in Paris for a year.

Liebling later wrote that the unsuitable proposed marriage was a fiction intended less to swindle his father than to cover his own pride at being the recipient of such generosity.

Thus in summer 1926, Liebling sailed to Europe where he studied French medieval literature at the Sorbonne in Paris. By his own admission his devotion to his studies was purely nominal, as he saw the year as a chance to absorb French life and appreciate French food. Although he stayed for little more than a year, this interval inspired a lifelong love for France and the French, later renewed in his war reporting. He returned to Providence in autumn 1927 to write for the Journal. He then moved to New York, where he proceeded to campaign for a job on Joseph Pulitzer's New York World, which carried the work of James M. Cain and Walter Lippmann and was known at the time as "the writer's paper."  In order to attract the attention of the city editor, James W. Barrett, Liebling hired an out-of-work Norwegian seaman to walk for three days outside the Pulitzer Building, on Park Row, wearing sandwich boards that read Hire Joe Liebling.  It turned out that Barrett habitually used a different entrance on another street, and never saw the sign. He wrote for the World (1930–31) and the World-Telegram (1931–35).

New Yorker

Liebling joined The New Yorker in 1935. His best pieces from the late thirties are collected in Back Where I Came From (1938) and The Telephone Booth Indian (1942).

During World War II, Liebling was active as a war correspondent, filing many stories from Africa, England, and France. His war began when he flew to Europe in October 1939 to cover its early battles, lived in Paris until June 10, 1940, and then returned to the United States until July 1941, when he flew to Britain. He sailed to Algeria in November 1942 to cover the fighting on the Tunisian front (January to May 1943). His articles from these days are collected in The Road Back to Paris (1944). He participated in the Normandy landings on D Day, and he wrote a memorable piece concerning his experiences under fire aboard a U.S. Coast Guard-staffed landing craft off Omaha Beach. He afterwards spent two months in Normandy and Brittany, and was with the Allied forces when they entered Paris. He wrote afterwards: "For the first time in my life and probably the last, I have lived for a week in a great city where everybody was happy." Liebling was awarded the Cross of the Légion d'honneur by the French government for his war reporting.

Following the war he returned to regular magazine fare and for many years after he wrote a New Yorker monthly feature called "Wayward Press", in which he analyzed the US press. Liebling was also an avid fan of boxing, horse racing and food, and frequently wrote about these subjects.

In 1947 he published The Wayward Pressman, a collection of his writings from The New Yorker and other publications.

Hiss Case

During the late 1940s, he vigorously criticized the House Un-American Activities Committee and became friends with Alger Hiss.

In 1949, he published Of Mink and Red Herring, a "second book of critical articles on New York newspapers," which included his critique of the "scurrilous journalism" applied to victims of "Elizabeth Bentley and her ilk."  On July 23, 1949, the New Yorker magazine published an article by Liebling entitled "Spotlight on the Jury" in which he opened by stating "The trial of Alger Hiss, which produced some of the best and some of the worst newspaper copy of our time" and concluded "This sort of thing obviously and apparently lessens the chance of a fair trial next time. Perhaps the secrecy of the jury room, like that of the voting booth, should be protected by law."

Last years

In 1961, Liebling published The Earl of Louisiana, originally published as a series of articles in The New Yorker in which he covered the trials and tribulations of the governor of Louisiana, Earl K. Long, the younger brother of the Louisiana politician Huey Long.

Personal life and death

He married Ann Beatrice McGinn, a former movie theater ticket taker he had met while she was working in Providence, Rhode Island, on July 28, 1934. McGinn suffered from either manic depression or schizophrenia, which caused her to have hallucinations and go into fugue states. Her illness required many lengthy and expensive hospital stays and when she was out of the hospital, she was often heavily sedated. Both Liebling and McGinn committed infidelities during their marriage.

In 1946 he and his wife separated. They divorced on August 30, 1949, in Reno, Nevada. Two days later he married Lucille Spectorsky, the ex-wife of Auguste Comte Spectorsky, in Virginia City, Nevada. Spectorsky was described by Liebling's friend and New Yorker editor Gardner Botsford as "a big blonde from rural Kentucky, amiable if dumb." Liebling and Spectorsky divorced in 1959 and he married author Jean Stafford that same year.

On December 19, 1963, Liebling was hospitalized for bronchopneumonia. He died on December 28 at Mount Sinai Hospital, and was buried in the Green River Cemetery, East Hampton, New York.

Legacy

 Liebling's papers are archived at Cornell University.
 In 1995, the Boxing Writers Association of America created the A.J. Liebling Award. The first class of honorees included longtime Washington, D.C. sportswriters Sam Lacy and Shirley Povich.
 In 2008, the Library of America published a volume of Liebling's World War II writings. The book includes the essays The Road Back to Paris, Mollie and Other War Pieces, Normandy Revisited, as well as his uncollected war journalism. In 2009, this was followed by the publication of The Sweet Science and Other Writings, edited by Pete Hamill.
 The journalist and sportswriter W. C. Heinz called Liebling "the best essayist."
 The Library of America selected Liebling's 1955 New Yorker story "The Case of the Scattered Dutchman" for inclusion in its two-century retrospective of American True Crime writing, published in 2008.
 Friend and fellow New Yorker writer Joseph Mitchell inherited Liebling's book library after his death, and recalls Liebling's once having used bacon as a bookmark.
 A later New Yorker writer, Anthony Lane, wrote favorably of Liebling, whose "delicately gluttonous writings on food keep wandering off (when he can tear himself away) into such equally pressing areas Paris, boxing and sex."
 Anthony Bourdain named Between Meals as one of his favorite books, adding "He was an enthusiastic lover of food and wine, very knowledgeable but never a snob. It's the benchmark for great food writing."

His writing was often memorable, as was his eating, and he nicely combined the two passions in Between Meals (1962), of which the following extract gives a taste:

Bibliography

Books

 Back Where I Came From (1938) Collection of pieces about New York
 The Telephone Booth Indian (1942) Collection of New Yorker pieces
 The Road Back to Paris (1944) Reporting on World War II, 1939–43
 La République du silence (1945) / Republic of Silence (1947), editor, with Eugene Jay Sheffer. Collection of articles from the French underground press.
 The Wayward Pressman (1947) First collection of press criticism
 Mink and Red Herring (1949) Second collection of press criticism
 Chicago: The Second City (1952) Portrait of Chicago
 The Honest Rainmaker (1953) On the New York racing columnist Colonel John R. Stingo
 The Sweet Science (1956) Collection of boxing pieces
 Normandy Revisited (1958)  Recollections of events in 1944 and revisiting in the 1950s
 The Press (1961, revised 1964) Third collection of press criticism, including some pieces from The Wayward Pressman and Mink and Red Herring
 The Earl of Louisiana (1961) On Earl Long and Louisiana politics
 The Jollity Building (1962) Collection reprinting material from The Telephone Booth Indian and The Honest Rainmaker
 Between Meals (1962)  Memoir of living and eating in France
 Mollie & Other War Pieces (1964) Reporting on World War II, 1943–44
Later collections
 Liebling Abroad (1981) Collects The Road Back to Paris, Mollie, Normandy Revisited, Between Meals
 Liebling At Home (1982) Collects The Telephone Booth Indian, Chicago, The Honest Rainmaker, The Earl of Louisiana, The Jollity Building
 A Neutral Corner (1990) Collection of post-The Sweet Science boxing pieces
 Liebling at the New Yorker (1994) Uncollected New Yorker pieces
 A Reporter At Large: Dateline – Pyramid Lake, Nevada (1999) Report on the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe Reservation, from 1955
 Just Enough Liebling (2004) Selections from Liebling's whole career
 World War II Writings (2009) Collects The Road Back to Paris, Mollie, uncollected war journalism, Normandy Revisited
 The Sweet Science and Other Writings (2009)  Collects The Sweet Science, The Earl of Louisiana, The Jollity Building, Between Meals, The Press
 Liebling's War (2011) Reporting on World War II, including pieces from The Road Back to Paris, Mollie, Normandy Revisited

Essays and reporting

———————
Notes

References

External links

 "A.J. Liebling's Delectable Political Jambalaya", by Jonathan Yardley, January 20, 2004, The Washington Post
 The Church of Liebling: The uncritical worshippers of America's best press critic
 "Not quite enough A.J. Liebling" by Allen Barra, Salon.com, September 23, 2004

1904 births
1963 deaths
20th-century American journalists
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
American food writers
American male journalists
American media critics
American war correspondents of World War II
Boxing writers
Burials at Green River Cemetery
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
Dartmouth College alumni
Deaths from pneumonia in New York City
Deaths from bronchopneumonia
Jewish American writers
People from East Hampton (town), New York
The New Yorker people
The New Yorker staff writers
The Providence Journal people
20th-century American Jews

A. J. Liebling


Timofej Žukovski (bjel. Цімафей Жукоўскі; Minsk, Bjelorusija, 18. prosinca 1989.), hrvatski je profesionalni odbojkaš bjeloruskog podrijetla. Hrvatski reprezentativac je od 2009. godine, kada je imao 15 godina te kapetan reprezentacije.

Rođen je u Minsku u Bjelorusiji, 18. prosinca 1989. godine. Sa šest godina se s obitelji preselio u Zagreb, gdje mu je otac radio kao liječnik u odbojkaškoj ekipi Mladosti. Timofej Žukovski počeo je igrati u zagrebačkoj Mladosti te je sa 16 godina potpisao svoj prvi profesionalni ugovor s tim klubom. Tri puta je postao prvak Hrvatske, dva puta pobjednik Kupa Hrvatske.

Godine 2010. otišao je u talijansku Serie A1, a u slijedećih deset godina igrao je u devet momčadi talijanskog i njemačkog prvenstva. U Berlinu je postao dvostruki njemački prvak s ekipom Berlin Recycling Volleys. S talijanskom ekipom Cucine Lube Civitanova, bio je u finalu Lige prvaka, prvak talijanskog prvenstva i Svjetskog klupskog prvenstva. Igrajući za Perugiu osvojio je talijanski Superkup.

Godine 2020. godine potpisuje za ruski klub Fakel iz Sibira. U sezoni 2021./'22. bio je kapetan momčadi, a momčad je napustio na kraju te sezone. Trenutno igra za francuski PSG Stal Nysa.

U listopadu 2014. Hrvatski odbojkaški savez diskvalificirao ga je na 6 mjeseci i kaznio s 20 000 dolara zbog nesporazuma kod plaćanja transfera. Ni tada se nije odrekao igranja za hrvatsku reprezentaciju, nego je nastavio sve do danas.

Oženjen je s Martinom Malević. Stariji brat Jegor je odbojkaš na pijesku.

Izvori

Hrvatski odbojkaši
Bjeloruski športaši

Timofej Žukovski


The Antarctic realm is one of eight terrestrial biogeographic realms. The ecosystem includes Antarctica and several island groups in the southern Atlantic and Indian oceans. The continent of Antarctica is so cold that it has supported only 2 vascular plants for millions of years, and its flora presently consists of around 250 lichens, 100 mosses, 25-30 liverworts, and around 700 terrestrial and aquatic algal species, which live on the areas of exposed rock and soil around the shore of the continent. Antarctica's two flowering plant species, the Antarctic hair grass (Deschampsia antarctica) and Antarctic pearlwort (Colobanthus quitensis), are found on the northern and western parts of the Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctica is also home to a diversity of animal life, including penguins, seals, and whales.

Several Antarctic and sub-Antarctic island groups are considered part of the Antarctic realm, including Bouvet Island, the Crozet Islands, Heard Island, the Kerguelen Islands, the McDonald Islands, the Prince Edward Islands, the South Georgia Group, the South Orkney Islands, the South Sandwich Islands, and the South Shetland Islands. These islands have a somewhat milder climate than Antarctica proper, and support a greater diversity of tundra plants, although they are all too windy and cold to support trees.

Antarctic krill is the keystone species of the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean, and is an important food organism for whales, seals, leopard seals, fur seals, crabeater seals, squid, icefish, penguins, albatrosses and many other birds. The ocean there is so full of phytoplankton because water rises from the depths to the light-flooded surface, bringing nutrients from all oceans back to the photic zone.

On August 20, 2014, scientists confirmed the existence of microorganisms living  below the ice of Antarctica.

History
Millions of years ago, Antarctica was warmer and wetter, and supported the Antarctic flora, including forests of podocarps and southern beech. Antarctica was also part of the ancient supercontinent of Gondwanaland, which gradually broke up by continental drift starting 110 million years ago. The separation of South America from Antarctica 30-35 million years ago allowed the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to form, which isolated Antarctica climatically and caused it to become much colder. The Antarctic flora subsequently died out in Antarctica, but is still an important component of the flora of southern Neotropical (Latin America and the Caribbean) and Australasian realms, which were also former parts of Gondwana.

Some botanists recognize an Antarctic Floristic Kingdom that includes Antarctica, New Zealand, and parts of Temperate South America where the Antarctic Flora is still a major component.

Ecoregions
The Antarctic realm is divided into 17 tundra ecoregions:

References

Bibliography

 Life in the Freezer, a BBC television series on life on and around Antarctica
 Biodiversity at Ardley Island, South Shetland archipelago, Antarctica
 Deep Sea Foraminifera – Deep Sea Foraminifera from 4400m depth, Weddell Sea - an image gallery of hundreds of specimens and description
 Aliens in Antarctica; Visitors carry unwelcome species into a once pristine environment  May 5, 2012 Science News

Biogeographic realms
Biogeography
Phytogeography

Antarctic realm


Čerhov este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Trebišov din regiunea Košice. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 746 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Čerhov este atestată documentar din 1067.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Čerhov


La 90.ª División Ligera "Africa" (en alemán: 90. leichte Afrika-Division) fue una división de la Alemania nazi que combatió en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, encuadrada en el Heer. Tras la derrota y rendición del Afrika Korps en Túnez, en mayo de 1943, dos meses después fue reconstituida en Cerdeña como 90.ª División de Granaderos Panzer (en alemán: 90. Panzer-Grenadier-Division).

Denominaciones
Esta División se creó con el nombre de Afrika-Division z.b.V. (z.b.V. en alemán quiere decir para misiones especiales) con elementos del Afrika Korps. El 1 de abril de 1942 fue rebautizada como 90.ª División ligera de Infantería y el 26 de julio recibió el nombre de 90.ª División Ligera "Africa".

En julio de 1943 volvió reorganizarse en Cerdeña con el nombre de 90.ª División de Granaderos Panzer (Panzer-Grenadier-Division) y recibió el escudo de Cerdeña como insignia de la División.

Historial de operaciones
La división fue creada en agosto de 1941 como una agrupación de unidades sueltas que estaban integradas en el Afrika Korps y venían combatiendo en Libia desde comienzos de abril. Dado que cambió de denominación en diversas ocasiones, fue conocida coloquialmente como División África. Después de la derrota de las Fuerzas del Eje en la Batalla del Alamein hubo de retirarse hacia Túnez para hacer frente al Desembarco aliado en el Norte de África. La derrota alemana en Túnez llevó a la rendición de la unidad en mayo de 1943, junto al resto del Eje en África.

En el mes de julio, solo dos meses después de su destrucción, fue reconstituida en Cerdeña como una División de Granaderos Panzer. Tras el desembarco de los Aliados en el sur de Italia, fue trasladada en septiembre a la península Itálica y allí combatió hasta el final de la contienda en Monte Cassino, Roma, Florencia, Rimini y Bolonia. A finales de abril de 1945 los restos de la División se rindieron a los Aliados a orillas del lago de Garda.

Mandos

Afrika Division

90. Panzer-Grenadier-Division

Enlaces externos

Heer (Wehrmacht)
Divisiones de infantería alemanas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Unidades militares creadas en 1941
Unidades militares creadas en 1943

90.ª División Ligera Africa


Giulia Tofana () (scris și Toffana sau Tophana) a fost o creatoare de otrăvuri din Italia. Era faimoasă pentru faptul că vindea otravă pentru nevestele care voiau să-și omoare soții.

Întemnițarea
Faptele ei au fost dezvăluite către autoritățile papale, dar faima ei i-a adus susținători: oamenii au ajutat-o să scape. Aceasta s-a ascuns într-o biserică unde a stat ascunsă. După ce s-a zvonit ca ea a otrăvit apa, poliția a intrat în biserică și au luat-o la întrebări. În urma torturii a recunoscut că a omorât 600 de oameni la Roma intre 1633 și 1651.

Referințe

Legături externe
A Blast From the Past, 6 April 2015.

Decese în 1659
Decese în Italia
Comercianți
Condamnați la moarte
Criminali italieni
Femei din Italia
Oameni executați prin spânzurare

Giulia Tofana


A Cachoeira do Calixto (antigamente chamada Cachoeira dos Carolinos) é uma queda d'água na região do Vale do Pati, no Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina (PARNA-CD), território do município de Mucugê, na região central do estado brasileiro da Bahia.

Seu entorno é caracterizado por vegetação típica de campos rupestres e mata em recuperação, sendo uma das atrações turísticas do PARNA-CD pois além do visual com matas e grandes samambaias, a cascata forma um poço (piscina natural) adequado para o banho dos visitantes.

O turismo no lugar oferece algum risco. Em 2017 uma turista mineira se acidentou numa das trilhas, precisando ser resgatada de helicóptero no meio da mata.

Está situada no rio Lapinha (ou rio Calixto), afluente do Rio Pati, no chamado "Pati do Meio" (região central do Vale do Pati), que "é considerada por muitos como a mais bela do vale, com destaque para os boqueirões dos rios Lapinha e Piabas e a imponência e silhuetas dos morros do Gavião e Branco".

Geografia de Mucugê
Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina
Quedas-d'água da Bahia
Hidrografia da Chapada Diamantina

Cachoeira do Calixto


Raja Raymond Gosnell (Los Ángeles, California, Estados Unidos, 9 de diciembre de 1958) es un director y editor estadounidense de cine y televisión. Ha dirigido películas como Never Been Kissed (1999), Big Momma's House (2000), Scooby-Doo (2002) o Los Pitufos (2011).

Carrera
La carrera profesional de Gosnell como editor de montaje empezó con la película de 1982 The Silence. En 1988 hizo el montaje de Entre rejas. Después de algunos trabajos en cine y televisión se encargó del montaje de dos de los films más exitosos de 1990, Pretty Woman, protagonizada por Richard Gere y Julia Roberts, y Home Alone, cuyo reparto encabezaba Macaulay Culkin. En 1992 se encargó nuevamente del montaje de la secuela de Home Alone, titulada Home Alone 2: Lost in New York. Más tarde llegarían la comedia dirigida por Chris Columbus con Robin Williams como protagonista, Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), y Nueve meses (1995). Esta última cinta fue el último trabajo como editor de Gosnell hasta la fecha.

Su trabajo como director de cine empezó en 1997 con la cinta infantil Home Alone 3. Dirigió a Drew Barrymore en la comedia Never Been Kissed y a Martin Lawrence en Big Momma's House (2000). En los primeros años de la década de 2000 dirigió la adaptación cinematográfica de Scooby-Doo con Scooby-Doo (2002) y su secuela Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004), ambas protagonizadas por Sarah Michelle Gellar. Dos años después llegó el remake de la película de 1968, Míos, tuyos y nuestros, esta vez con Dennis Quaid y Rene Russo como actores principales y que obtuvo comentarios desfavorables por parte de la prensa.

En 2008 estrenó Beverly Hills Chihuahua. Neil Patrick Harris encabezó el reparto de Los Pitufos (2011), basada en la serie de televisión de título homónimo, convirtiéndose en su mayor éxito comercial con más de 550 millones de dólares recaudados en las taquillas mundiales. En 2011 fue considerado como uno de los peores directores del , ocupando el puesto 12 de 25 en el ranking.

Filmografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Raja Gosnell en Box Office Mojo

Nacidos en Los Ángeles
Directores de cine de Estados Unidos
Artistas de California

Raja Gosnell


Karst, tortul kayaçların su ve sıcaklık etkisiyle erimesiyle, aşınması, birikmesi ve taşınması olaylarının görüldüğü; kaya tuzu, jips, kireç taşı ve dolomit gibi çeşitli çözünür taşlar içeren bölge.

Yeraltı suları ve yağış dolayısıyla bu kayaçlarda görülen aşınmanın ortaya çıkardığı morfolojiye "karst morfolojisi" denir. Aşınıma karşı dirençsiz, kolay eriyebilen kalker gibi kayaçlardan oluşan arazilere karstik arazi denir. Bu arazilerde biçim ve büyüklüğü farklılık gösteren aşınma süreçleri sonucu farklı şekiller ortaya çıkar. Bu şekiller topluluğu ise "karst topografyası" olarak adlandırılır.

Aşındırma şekilleri, küçükten büyüğe sırayla lapya, dolin, uvala ve polyedir. Obruk ve mağaralar da birer aşındırma şekliyken sarkıt, dikit ve traverten ise biriktirme şeklidir.

Kaynakça

Karst


İslami feminizm, modern düşün hayatında yer bulmaya başlayan melez ideolojilerin bir örneği. İslami paradigma içinde dile getirilen feminist söylem ve uygulamalar bütününe verilen adlandırma. Modern İnsan Hakları bildirgelerinde tüm insanların eşit olduğu söylenirken, İslam dünyasında, gündelik yaşamda geleneksel inanışlar ve dini inanca dayalı, konjonktür ile uyuşmayan kadın-erkek ayrımı ve erkeklerin üstünlüğü söylemine karşı, kadınların eşitliği ve/veya üstünlüğünü savunan bir düşünce sistemiyle İslam düşüncesini harmanlamaya itmiştir.

Tarihçe

İslam dünyasında büyüyen İslamcılık hareketi içinde gelişen İslamcı feminizm, terim olarak İran'da yazar Afsaneh Najmabadeh ve Ziba Mir-Huseyini'nin eserlerinde ve Tahran kadın dergisi Zanan'da (1992 yılında kuruldu) ve Suudi Arabistanlı kadın yazar Mai Yamani tarafından 1996 yılında yayımladığı "Feminism and Islam" kitabında kullanılmıştır. Terim olarak ortaya çıkışı yakın tarihlere rastlasa da Müslüman toplumlarında kadın haklarının müdafaasının yaklaşık yüz yılı aşan bir geçmişi vardır. Batılı ülkelerin Müslüman toplumlara yönelik eleştirilerine cevap niteliği taşıyan ve ilkin ihyacı-reformist İslamcı erkek yazarların eserlerinde yer alan bu müdafaa biçimi kadınların İslam toplumlarında köleden farksız, ikinci sınıf insan muamelesi gördükleri suçlamalarını yok etmeye yönelikti. Kadını aile içerisinde ve yeni nesillerin yetiştirilmesinde birinci derecede önemli gören bu anlayış kadın ile erkeğin bir toplumda birbirlerinden farklı görevleri icra ederek karşılıklı bir tamamlayıcılık işlevi gördüklerini öne sürmekteydi. Ancak özellikle 90'lı yıllarda Müslüman toplumlarını kadınlara verilen haklar itibarıyla değerlendirmeye alan yeni, eğitimli İslamcı kadın yazarlar kuşağı geçmişteki "tamamlayıcı" perspektifin yetersiz olduğu hatta Müslüman toplumlardaki kadının ikincil işlevini hasır altı ettiğini iddia ederek kadın ile erkeğin toplumda tamamen eşit hak ve statüde olması gerektiğini, hatta bunun dinin ilkeleriyle de uyumlu bir şekilde savunulabileceğini ifade etmeye ve bu iddialarını İslam dini içindeki unsurları derinlemesine tahlil ederek göstermeye çalışmışlardır.

Kadının Müslüman bir toplumdaki statüsü bir inanç (ve de bir "sembol") konusu olduğundan İslamiyetin bütünü içinde uzanımları vardır. Bu sebeple Müslüman ülkelerdeki politik ve kültürel tercihler doğrudan kadının "konumu" ile ilişkilendirilerek anlaşılmaya çalışılmakta ve tercihleri "modernite"den yana olanlar kadını "modernleştirme"ye veya "modernleşme"nin içinde İslamiyet için tehlike unsurlar barındıran bir tehdit olarak algılayanlar da bu çabayı geleneksel İslam yaşantısına bir tehdit olarak algılamaktadırlar. İslamcı feministler ise talepleriyle modernite içinde yer alırken kültürel aidiyetleri ve kullandıkları referansları itibarıyla kendilerini "İslamcı" olarak nitelendirmekte ve argümanlarını her iki gruptan farklı bir dil ile inşa etmek arayışına girmektedirler.

Mısırlı kadın araştırmacı Aziza M. Karam (Azîze M. Kerem), kendi ülkesindeki feminist düşünceyi üçlü olarak sınıflandırır: Seküler Feminizm, Müslüman Feminizm ve İslamcı Feminizm. Karam'a göre kadınların cinsiyeti nedeniyle toplumda daha az avantajlı bir konumda sahip olduğunu düşünen ve daha adil cinsiyet ilişkileri geliştirmeye çalışan herkes feministtir, farklılıklar ise feminizm içindeki akım ve türler olarak görülebilir.

İddiaları
İslamcı Feminist yazarlar genel olarak batılı feminist hemcinsleri gibi toplumsal cinsiyet ayırımlarının kökenini kadın ve erkek bedeninde yani "biyoloji"de değil toplumsal bir inşa olarak gördükleri "kültür"de aramaktadırlar. Modernist İslamcı yazar Fazlurrahman'ın tarihselcilik denilen ve Kur'an'daki ayetleri o günün sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel koşulları içerisinde "anlamlandırma" çabası ve bu yönde kullandığı metodoloji İslamcı feminist yazarlar tarafından Kur'an'daki kadına ilişkin ve kadınla ilgili ayetlerin "anlamı"nı araştırmakta kullanılmakta ve böylelikle Amina Vedud Muhsin'in söyleyişiyle bu yöntemle Kur'an'ın modern kadın için anlamlı gelebilecek bir "okuması" yapılabilmektedir. Muhammed'in sözlerini içeren hadis külliyatına yönelik yaklaşımlarında da İslamcı feminist yazarlar, kadının modern toplumdaki statüsüyle uyuşmayacak ifadeleri içerdiklerini düşündükleri hadislerin geleneksel hadis usulü ve kritiğiyle değerlendirilmesinin yetersiz, eksik ve hatalı olacağını hatta dinin "ataerkil" söylemini kuvvetlendireceğini düşünmekte ve hadislerle ilgili modern, Foucaultçu bir özne-iktidar ilişkisine dayalı bir "okuma" yapmaktadırlar.

27-29 Ekim 2005 tarihlerinde Barselona'da 400'e yakın katılımcının bir araya geldiği Barselona Birinci Uluslararası İslamcı Feminizm Kongresi'nden çıkan sonuçların bazıları:

 İslamcı feminizm, egemen cinsiyetçi İslam yorumlarına alternatif olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.
 İslamcı feminizm, Kuran ayetlerine ve Kuran'ın erkekegemenliği meşru görmediği yönündeki güçlü inanca dayanmaktadır.
 Erkekler de kadınların eşit hak elde etme mücadelesinde yer almalıdır.
 Kadınların karar-verici yapılara katılımı desteklenmelidir.
 İslami gelenekler temelinde, kadınların mülk sahibi olma, bireysel özgürlük ve ekonomik bağımsızlık hakları savunulmalıdır.
 Müslüman kadınların camilere erişebilme hakkı talep edilmelidir.
 Müslüman olmayan feministlere, İslam'ın en cinsiyetçi ve gerici yorumlarını tek olası İslam yorumu olarak kabul etmemeleri çağrısında bulunuyoruz. Aksi bir pratik, hakları için savaşan Müslüman kadınlarla, küresel feminist hareket arasındaki işbirliğini engelleyecektir.

Eleştiriler
İslamcı feministlerin iddialarına İslam dünyasından teşvik ve tasvipten şiddetli tenkitlere kadar değişen bir dizi tepkinin doğmasına yol açmıştır. İslamcı feministlerin iddialarının "gerçek" İslam'ın anlaşılması yönünde önemli bir katkı olarak görenler olduğu gibi bu harekete karşı duranlar ve eleştirenler de olmuştur. Bu eleştirilerin temel başlıkları en genel hatlarıyla şu şekilde sıralanabilir:
 Feminizmin Batı kaynaklı bir düşünce ve hareket olması dolayısıyla İslam toplumlarının gerçeğiyle ve İslam'ın temel kaideleriyle uyuşmaması.
 Feminizmin farklı bir sosyal, kültürel ve sınıfsal çevrenin kadınlarının taleplerine yanıt vermek üzere ortaya çıkışı.
 Feminizmin Orta Çağ Hristiyanlığının kadına yönelik bakış açısı ve şiddetli uygulamalarının sonucunda ortaya çıktığının iddia edilmesi ve İslamcıların, İslam'ın kadına verdiği değer ve hakların bu tip bir hareketin İslam topraklarında yayılmasına imkân vermeyecek kadar çok olduğunu iddia etmesi.
 Feminizmin, Batı emperyalizminin Müslümanlar arasındaki dayanışmayı yok etme amaçlarına hizmet ettiği iddiası.
 İslamcı feministlerin Kur'an ve Hadis perspektiflerinin ve kullandıkları hermenötik metodolojinin seküler bir dünyanın kendi kutsal metnini incelemekte kullandığı ve temelinde yine seküler bir perpesktifin olduğu pozitivist, rasyonalist, tarihselci yaklaşımları barındırdığı ve dolayısıyla İslamiliğinin tartışmalı oluşu.

Görüldüğü gibi İslamcı feminizme yönelik siyasi, sosyal, kültürel ve teolojik bakış açılarından eleştiriler yöneltilmiştir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Feminizm
 Feminist teoloji

Kaynakça
 Badran, Margot, Islamic feminism: what's in a name?, Al-Ahram Weekly, 17-23 January 2002.Al-Ahram
 Wikipedia İngilizce Vikipedi İslamcı Feminizm sayfası
 Şişman, Nazife "Küreselleşmenin Pençesi. İslam'ın Peçesi", Küre Yayınları, İstanbul, 2005.
 Muhsin-Amina Wedud, Kur'an ve Kadın, İz Yayıncılık. http://www.iz.com.tr/?git=showdetails&kod=203
 Tucker, Judith E. "Arab Women, Old Boundaries, New Frontiers", Indiana University Press, 1993.
Tunç, Harun (2018). "İslamcı Feminizm: Kavramsal Bir Tartışma", Antakiyat, 1(2): 235-247.
Yıldırım, K. (2019). Kabul ile Red Arasında: İslamî Feminizm, İstanbul: Avesta Yay.
 International Congress on Islamic Feminism
 Bia Haber Merkezi

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
 Şişman, Nazife "Küreselleşmenin Pençesi. İslam'ın Peçesi", Küre Yayınları, İstanbul, 2005
 Avcı, Gültekin "Kıyamet Kadınları-İslamcı ve Modern Kadının Yozlaşması", Metropol Yayınları, İstanbul, 2007
 Cündioğlu, Dücane "Philo-Sophia-Loren", Gelenek Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2004
 Ahmed, Leila "Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a modern Debate, 1992, Yale University Press"
 Yamani, Mai "Feminism Behind the Veil: traditional roles and modern aspirations of women in Saudi Arabia"
 Barlas, Asma "Believing Women" in Islam Unreading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur'an
 Mernissi, Fatma "The Veil and the Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation of Women's Rights in Islam"
 Safarian, Alexander "On the History of Turkish Feminism", "Iran and the Caucasus", vol.11.1, Brill, Leiden - Boston, 2007, pp. 141–152.

Dış bağlantılar
 İslamcı Feminizm
 Hükümet bize nasıl giyineceğimizi dikte edemez!
 Yatakta eşitlik İslami haktır
 Islamic Feminism
 Women in the Middle East
 Exploring Islamic Feminism
 Islamic Feminism: Perils and Promises
 International Congress on Islamic Feminism
 The Cultural Construction of Gender in Islam
 Feminist Movements in Islam
 Asma Barlas
 A Gender Jihad For Islam's Future
 Mohammed was a Feminist
 Aksiyon-İslami Feminizm
 Muslim women take charge of their faith
 Reformcu ilahiyatçı Amina Wadud Qantara.de

Eleştirel
 Kadın tartışmaları bağlamında entelektüel terörizm
 Kadınların Cuma İmamlığı
 Müslüman Kadın ve Emperyalizm
 Feminizmin Çıkışı ve Hedefi
 Müslüman Feminist Kadınlar
 Feminizm Tarihin Sonu Değil

Feminizm
İdeolojik akımlar
Feminizm
İslam'da kadın hakları

İslami feminizm


Methil (Scottish Gaelic: Meadhchill) is an eastern coastal town in Scotland. It was first recorded as "Methkil" in 1207, and belonged to the Bishop of St Andrews. Two Bronze Age cemeteries have been discovered which date the settlement as over 8,000 years old.
Famous for its High Street having the most pubs per mile in Scotland, it was part of its own barony in 1614 and also part of the former burgh of Buckhaven and Methil. This burgh existed between 1891 and 1975 (following the reorganisation of local government). It is situated within a continuous urban area described as Levenmouth.

Methil lies geographically between Largo Bay to the east and Wemyss Bay to the west. Previously an industrial maritime powerhouse of the region and once Scotland's greatest coal port, it is now redirecting itself towards a green energy future. The River Leven delineates Methil from adjacent towns.

Toponymy
The name, Methil, is from Scottish Gaelic, and appears to derive from meadh(on) meaning 'middle' and cill meaning 'church'.

Initially centred on the medieval church on the River Leven, the centre moved to a burgh and port in the seventeenth century known also as "Methilltoune" (1670) and "Methilburgh" (1795), with the alternative name of "Innerleven". William Roy's Map of Scotland refers to the town as "Methill Pans", a reference to the salt industry, with Inverleven indicated as a separate settlement. The town is sometimes referred to locally as The Methil.

Overview

Prior to the Reformation when Methil was absorbed into the Parish of Wemyss, it was an independent parish centred around a church situated inland of what is now Methilmill Cemetery. In the 17th century, it developed as a coastal village, first with a tidal harbour, thereafter expanding considerably at the start of the 20th century due to a boom in coal mining.

From 1920 the development of (mainly) council housing caused the town to expand inland to meet up with the formerly separate village of Methilhill and reach the boundaries of Methilmill Cemetery and the site of the ancient parish church.

Historically, the main industry in the area was coal mining, with most of the coal exported through Methil Docks, which exported over 3,000,000 tons per year between the WW1 and WW2.  A related development was Methil Power Station (1960), which was sited at the mouth of the River Leven. It was eventually demolished in 2011. This power station used colliery slurry, which would otherwise have gone to waste.

Nearby is the new Bayview Stadium, home to East Fife Football Club, previously located more centrally in the town at the corner of Wellesley and Kirkland Roads.

Facilities
Methil Docks was particularly significant during World War II for the movement of coal and other resources. The docks had a hydraulic power station serving the distinctive coal hoists, all of which were once local landmarks.  The town was traversed by several railways linking the local collieries to the docks, one of which crossed the High Street on an overbridge. After the post-war nationalisation of the railways, the coal mines and the docks continued to be linked by the Wemyss Private Railway as well as by British Railways (which had replaced the LNER and the North British Railway).

Work is ongoing to reopen the railway line from Thornton Junction, which would arguably help both trade and improve public transport, including tourism for the whole area. It is scheduled to be open for traffic in spring 2024. The "Hydrogen Office" based in the docks aims to demonstrate the benefits of improved energy efficiency and renewable and hydrogen energy systems.

Kirkland High School and Community College was a secondary education and combined education college. It was amalgamated with Buckhaven High School in August 2016 to form Levenmouth Academy, both of the older schools being demolished immediately thereafter. Primary schools in the area include Denbeath Primary, Aberhill Primary ('listed' as of architectural/historical interest and long outliving the 1950s and 1960s secondary school buildings) and Methilhill Primary.

Local politics is controlled by Fife Council although there is interest being shown by some people in redeveloping more locally centred councils. Methilhill had a Community Council for a period of time, although it is not currently active.

There is a committee of Fife councillors elected to represent the area described by Fife Council as "Levenmouth" (which includes Methil and other nearby towns – although the description "Levenmouth" does not have a historical or otherwise substantive reason or purpose as a nomenclature, it does provide for political expediency and accords favourably with current local civil service ease of operation).

References

External links

 Old Methil cinicam footage on youtube SQ2009
 The History of Methil
 Methil Heritage Centre: Local history museum and exhibition venue
 Buckhaven & Methil Miners' Brass Band
 Michael Marra's "I don't like Methil"
 Fife Place-name Data: Methil

History of the petroleum industry in the United Kingdom
Levenmouth
Mining communities in Fife
Towns in Fife

Methil


An Apocopis vaginata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Eduard Hackel. An Apocopis vaginata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Apocopis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Apocopis

Apocopis vaginata


Khlong San est l'un des 50 khets de Bangkok, Thaïlande.

Histoire

Points d'intérêt

 Iconsiam

Notes et références

Liens externes

Khet de Bangkok

Khlong San


Jonathan Joestar ( ジョナサンジョースター Jonasan Jōsutā) es un personaje ficticio y protagonista principal de la primera parte del manga JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, Phantom Blood.

Historia de publicación

Jonathan fue el protagonista de la primera parte de popular manga JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, y por lo tanto fue el primer JoJo.

Su nombre está inspirado en un restaurante familiar donde Hirohiko Araki se reunía con su editor, Jonathan's Coffe & Restaurant.

Araki, quiso que Jonathan fuera algo más que un héroe que reparte golpes a los villanos, él quería que Jonathan fuera un verdadero caballero, un héroe en el sentido amplio de la palabra, alguien dispuesto a sacrificar su propia vida para proteger a los demás, y así fue.

Jonathan aparece en el primer capítulo del primer volumen de Phantom Blood y aparece hasta el final de la primera parte del manga, donde éste muere y su cuerpo es robado por su malévolo hermano adoptivo, Dio Brando.

Biografía ficticia

Primeros años

De niño, su madre murió en un accidente de carruaje. Ese mismo accidente trajo indirectamente a Dio Brando en su vida, porque Dario Brando, el padre de Dio, sin saberlo, salvó al padre de Jonathan, mientras se disponía a robar al carruaje destrozado. Doce años más tarde, Darío al parecer muere de enfermedad y Dio se va con los Joestars. Dio, a pesar de que Jonathan trata de que sean amigos, se convertirá en su enemigo tanto como un rival de la infancia como un enemigo no-muerto. A la temprana edad de 12 años, cuando Dio entra en su vida, conoce y se enamora de Erina Pendleton. Sin embargo, Dio rompe esta relación a través de sus malos caminos besando a Erina en frente de todos y haciendo alarde de ello. Dio sigue atormentando Jonathan y más tarde incluso mata a su perro, Danny, quemándolo vivo en represalia por la golpiza que recibió de parte de JoJo cuando supo lo que le había hecho a Erina.

Máscara de Piedra
Sin embargo, Jonathan es capaz de mantener su cordura y sus estudios de arqueología. Entre sus intereses está la investigación de una máscara de piedra de Mesoamérica que forma parte de la finca. Curiosamente, los brotes de clavos de la máscara perforan el cráneo del usuario si la sangre humana lo toca. Finalmente, después de ocho años, Jonathan se vuelve contra Dio cuando descubre que Dio envenenó a su propio padre con una sustancia que imita la enfermedad, y su complot para envenenar a George de la misma manera y hacerse cargo de la fortuna familiar. Así JoJo viaja a la calle Ogre en Londres con el fin de encontrar un antídoto, que encuentra gracias a la ayuda de su nuevo compañero, Robert E. O. Speedwagon el líder de una banda de ladrones. En su encuentro fatídico una vez Dio es descubierto y está a punto de ser arrestado, éste apuñala a George quien se antepone en la trayectoria de la daga que iba a dirigida a Jonathan, -mientras que usa la máscara- Dio ha aprendido que la máscara no es un dispositivo de asesinato, sino un medio para que el usuario renuncie a la humanidad y a la mortalidad para convertirse en un poderoso vampiro.

Batalla contra Dio
En el primer enfrentamiento con este nuevo monstruo, Jonathan va ganando, pero en su desesperación por destruir a Dio, Jonathan prende fuego a la mansión. Durante la batalla, Jonathan, desesperado por las pérdidas ocasionadas, agarra a Dio y lo tira varios pisos hacia abajo, en la última estancia le empalma en una estatua de la diosa. Sin embargo, Jonathan sufre horribles quemaduras y es trasladado a un hospital, mientras que Dio es capaz de escapar sin ser visto. Robert E. O Speedwagon ve que Jonathan está siendo cuidado y descubre que la enfermera que le cuidaba es Erina, que había ido a la India después de que Dio la hiciese caer en desgracia y perdieran su relación, pero aun así no está apagada la llama del amor. Poco después de ser dado de alta del hospital, Jonathan se encuentra a Will A. Zeppeli, que le enseña a usar las técnicas del Hamon con el fin de derrotar a Dio. Viaja con Zeppeli y Speedwagon a la ciudad de Wind Knights para hacer frente a Dio. En su búsqueda se enfrenta a muchos enemigos, como Jack el Destripador, Bruford o Tarkus, y una vez más logra derrotar al parecer al vampiro.

El Hamon final
Poco después de la batalla en Wind Knights, Jonathan y Erina se casan, y suben a bordo de un barco hacia los Estados Unidos para pasar la luna de miel. Su viaje se ve interrumpido por un ataque de Dio y su secuaz, ahora sólo con la cabeza cortada de su hermano dio en sus brazos,Jonathan se sacrifica y permanece a bordo del barco que se hunde en un intento de tomar Dio junto con él. Antes de morir le dice a su esposa Erina que salve a un bebé que se encontraba con ellos y Erina consigue huir metida dentro de un ataúd.

Su cuerpo sería robado por Dio y cien años después, Dio saldría de nuevo a la superficie, comenzando una serie de eventos que desencadenarían el nacimiento de sus hijos, Donatello Versus, Ungalo, Rikiel y el más importante, Giorno Giovanna que sería el protagonista principal de la quinta parte del manga, Vento Aureo, los eventos de Stardust Crusaders y plantaría las semillas de los acontecimientos de Stone Ocean.

Otros medios

Jonathan aparece en la primera temporada del anime JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: The Animation ya que su arco se adapta en los primeros nueve episodios para continuar con Battle Tendency en el resto del anime.

También aparece en los videojuegos de JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Phantom Blood, JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Heritage for the Future, JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: All Star Battle, JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Eyes of Heaven, etc.. También en el juego para Android y iOS, JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Diamond Records.

Aparece como personaje jugable en el videojuego exclusivo de PlayStation, J-Stars Victory VS.

Referencias

Personajes de manga y anime
Personajes_de_JoJo's_Bizarre_Adventure
Británicos ficticios
Arqueólogos ficticios

Jonathan Joestar


Raymond "Ray" Kurzweil (født 12 februar 1948 i Queens, New York) er en amerikansk opfinder og futurolog. I december 2012 blev han udnævnt til udviklingschef hos Google, og er medgrundlægger af Singularity University. Hans mest kendte bog er The Singularity Is Near.

Han har gjort opfindelser og har startet virksomheder indenfor områder som synthesizere, talesyntese, maskinlæsning og talegenkendelse.
Han har også været aktiv som forfatter og foredragsholder. Hans tema er fremtiden, og den vigtigste tese er at informationsteknologiens udviklingen følger hvad han kalder "The Law of Accelerating Returns", som indebærer, at informationsteknologiens udvikling er eksponentiel og lige er nu i forstadiet til en eksplosionsagtig forandringstakt. Ifølge Kurzweil vil dette føre til en teknologisk singularitet, hvilket vil sige et teoretisk tidspunkt i fremtiden der er kendetegnet ved teknologiske fremskridt uden fortilfælde.

Konsekvenserne af dette er, blandt andet, at computere vil kunne blive intelligente og bevidste, og at mennesker vil blive i stand til at blive udødelige gennem nanoteknologi. Lignende ideer er almindelige inden for transhumanisme, men Kurzweil bruger ikke det begrebet, da han ikke tror at singulariteten vil betyde en overgang til posthumanisme. Han hævder, at en maskine vil blive i stand til at bestå turing-testen i 2029 og at singulariteten opstår i 2045.

Kurzweils fremtidsvisioner er blevet kritiseret, blandt andet af Bill Joy som værende alt for optimistiske.

Bibliografi
 1990 − The Age of Intelligent Machines
 1993 − The 10% Solution for a Healthy Life
 1999 − The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence
 2004 − Fantastic Voyage: Live Long Enough to Live Forever
 2005 − The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology
 2009 − Transcend: Nine Steps to Living Well Forever
 2012 − How to Create a Mind: The Secret of Human Thought Revealed

Referencer

External links

Forfattere fra USA
Opfindere fra USA
Kunstig intelligens

Ray Kurzweil


exit أمر مستخدم في كثير أنظمة التشغيل في قشور سطر أوامر ولغات البرمجة النصية. يسبب الأمر خروج البرنامج أو القشرة. إذا استخدم في قشرة تفاعلية فإن المستخدم يخرج من جلسته الحالية و/أو يُقطع اتصال المستخدم بالكونسول أو الطرفية. يمكن عادة تحديد رمز للخروج يكون قيمة رقمية ترجع إلى العملية الأم. من لغات البرمجة النصية التي تقدم هذا الأمر بي إتش بي وبيرل وغيرها.

أوامر ويندوز
إدارة ويندوز
خدمات مواصفات يونكس المنفردة

إكزت (أمر)


O Oblast da Hoste dos Cossacos do Don ou Oblast da Hoste do Don (russo: Область Войска Донского, Oblast' Voyska Donskogo) da Rússia Imperial era o território dos Cossacos do Don, coincidindo aproximadamente com o atual Oblast de Rostov da Rússia. Seu centro administrativo era Cherkassk, relocalizado mais tarde para Novocherkassk.

O oblast compreendia as áreas onde a Hoste Cossaca do Don se estabeleceu no Império Russo. A partir de 1786, o território foi oficialmente nomeado as Terras da Hoste do Don (zemlya Voyska Donskogo), renomeado para Oblast da Hoste do Don em 1870.

Durante 1913, o oblast, com uma área de cerca de 165.000 km², tinha cerca de 3,8 milhões de habitantes. Destes, 55% (2,1 milhões) eram cossacos na posse de toda a terra; os 45% restantes da população eram habitantes de cidades e trabalhadores agrícolas convidados de outras partes da Rússia.

Esta subdivisão foi abolida em 1920; da maior parte dela foi criado o Oblast do Don da RSFSR, que foi incorporado ao Krai do Cáucaso do Norte em 1924.

Referências

Províncias do Império Russo

Oblast da Hoste do Don


Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (n. 165 î.Hr. – d. 104 î.Hr.) a fost un general roman și consul în 122 î.Hr. A luat comanda unei campanii în Galia, apoi i-a învins pe allobrogi cu concursul succesorului său, Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus. El a instigat să se construiască Via Domitia în regiune. A fost probabil comanditarul altarului lui Domitius Ahenobarbus și al Templului lui Neptun la Roma. A devenit cenzor în 115 î.Hr.

Familia
Era membru al prestigioasei familii plebeiene a Domitiilor. Era fiul lui Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul suffect în 162 î.Hr. și nepotul lui Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul în 192 î.Hr.

A avut cel puțin doi fii, primul se numea tot Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, Pontifex Maximus începând din 103 î.Hr., apoi consul în 96 î.Hr., și Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul în 94 î.Hr., ai cărui descendenți au fost consuli pe cinci generații, ultimul fiind împăratul Nero (54 - 68), născut Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus.

Biografie

Începutul carierei
Între 129 î.Hr. și 128 î.Hr., a obținut victoria într-o bătălie navală în largul insulei Samos aupra lui Aristonicos care a încercat să se opună donației testamentare a Pergamului către Roma efectuată de fratele său vitreg, regele Attalus al III-lea. A servit ca legatus al consulului apoi proconsul al Asiei, Manius Aquilius.

Consulat și Proconsulat în Galia (122 î.Hr.-121 î.Hr.)
În anul 122 î.Hr., a fost ales consul alături de Caius Fannius Strabo. Trei ani mai devreme, chemați în ajutor de aliații lor din Massalia, contra salienilor, romanii au început campanii militare în teritoriul Galiei meridionale. Destul de repede zona de conflict se întinde prin contiguitate, angajând popoare puternice ca vocontii apoi allobrogii și aliații lor arverni, care se aflau în poziție hegemonică în Gallia. Domitius Ahenobarbus a preluat comanda în acest război. Căpeteniile saliene s-au refugiat la allobrogi. Bituitos a trimis atunci o ambasadă la Domitius Ahenobarbus, cu scopul obținerii unei păci. Consulul a refuzat totuși să poarte tratative. Pe de altă parte, arvernii acționează contra eduilor, aliați ai romanilor.

A fost numit proconsul în anul 121 î.Hr. pentru a continua operațiile în Galia, alături de Quintus Fabius Maximus. Rivalitatea dintre cei doi generali romani și caracterul fragmentar al izvoarelor fac expunerea acestei campanii adesea nesigură. După victoria obținută de Domitius la Vindalium, aproape de Sorgue, asupra allobrogilor, Fabius i-a învins și el cu aliatul lor arvern Biuitos în bătălia confluentului. I-a supus și pe tolosati și pe ruteni. Cu armata sa, a parcurs țara pe elefant, și a dispus începerea construirii unui drum roman în această viitoare provincie, care urmează traseul unei vechi căi heracleene. Romanii nu au schimat statutul regiunii care nu va deveni provincia romană Gallia Narbonensis decât două decenii mai târziu.

Fabius l-a înlocuit pe Domitius ca proconsul în Galia, încheind învingerea allobrogilor și arvernilor. Victoriile lor au însemnat triumful celor doi generali, pe care Domitius l-a celebrat la Roma în anul 120 î.Hr.

Prin 118 î.Hr./117 î.Hr., la instigarea sa, au început lucrările de construire a drumului roman care mergea din Italia până în Spania, Via Domitia, creată pornind de la o rețea de drumuri preexistente.  S-a hotărât construirea unor castre protectoare și a unor popasuri importante precum și a unor colonii romane, dintre care cea mai cunoscută este Narbonne (Colonia Narbo Martius). Acest drum a fost, înainte de toate, un drum militar și nu unul comercial.

Cenzură (115)
În 115 î.Hr., a devenit cenzor alături de Lucius Caecilius Metellus Diadematus. Treizeci și doi de senatori au fost expulzați din Senat de către cenzori, între care consulul Caius Licinius Geta, căruia îi expirase mandatul și un prieten al lui Caius Marius pe atunci pretor, și au dispus interzicerea unor reprezentații teatrale judecate imorale. Consulul Marcus Aemilius Scaurus a dispus adoptarea unei legi prin care se interziceau anumite feluri de mâncare exotice în timpul banchetelor. Cenzorii l-au numit pe Scaurus princeps senatus.

Altarul lui Domitius Ahenobarbus

A fost probabil comanditarul altarului lui Domitius Ahenobarbus. Reliefurile par legate de construcția unui templu dedicat lui Neptun pe Câmpul lui Marte. Acest templu este dedicat zeului mării, în urma unei victorii navale, poate victoria obținută în largul insulei Samos între 129 î.Hr. și 128 î.Hr. Construcția sau restaurarea unui templu preexistent n-ar data decât din 122 î.Hr., anul în care Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus a ajuns la consulat.

Reliefurile bazei statuii de cult, care nu se compuneau la origine decât din scene mitologice, ar fi fost adăugate după cenzură, în 115 î.Hr. cu un al patrulea panou.

Pontif și deces
A fost și membru al colegiului pontifilor de la o dată necunoscută. A murit prin anul 104 î.Hr.

Fiul său, Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, pe atunci tribun al plebei, decepționat că nu a putut să-i succeadă ca pontif, ales pe atunci prin cooptare și trebuind să facă față opoziției lui Marcus Aemilius Scaurus, princeps senatus, a făcut să se voteze Lex Domitia de sacerdotiis care transfera poporului alegerea preoților. A fost ales devenind Pontifex Maximus, la moartea lui Lucius Caecilius Metellus Delmaticus.

Note

Bibliografie

Decese în 104 î.Hr.
Consuli ai Republicii Romane
Generali ai Republicii Romane
Cenzori romani
Domitii
Drumuri romane din Franța

Cnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul în 122 î.Hr.)


est un film américain produit par Hal Roach et sorti en 1919.

Fiche technique
 Producteur : Hal Roach
 Production : Rolin Films
 Distributeur : Pathé Exchange
 Lieu de tournage : Hal Roach Studios, Culver City, Californie
 Durée : 1 bobine
 Genre : Comédie
 Dates de sortie :
  (USA)
  (France)

Distribution

 Harold Lloyd : Harold
 Snub Pollard
 Bebe Daniels
 Sammy Brooks
 Billy Fay
 Lew Harvey
 Dee Lampton
 Gus Leonard
 Marie Mosquini
 Fred C. Newmeyer
 James Parrott
 Dorothea Wolbert
 Noah Young

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 The Harold Lloyd Encyclopedia, Annette D'Agostino Lloyd, Annette M. D'Agostino, 2004

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 1919
Comédie américaine
Court métrage américain
Film américain en noir et blanc
Film muet américain

Swat the Crook


بلدية فيانويفا دي أوسكوس (بالإسبانية: Villanueva de Oscos) هي بلدية تقع في منطقة أستورياس شمال غرب إسبانيا.

الديموغرافيا
بلغ عدد سكان بلدية فيانويفا دي أوسكوس 364 نسمة عام 2011 (وفقاً للمعهد الوطني للإحصاء الإسباني).

مراجع

مصادر
  الموقع الرسمي لبلدية فيانويفا دي أوسكوس

بلديات أشتورية

فيانويفا دي أوسكوس


Noktalama işaretleri; duygu ve düşüncelerin daha açık ifade edilmesi, tümcenin yapısı ve duraklama noktalarını belirlemek, okuma ve anlamayı kolaylaştırmak, sözün vurgu ve ton gibi özelliklerini belirtmek üzere kullanılan işaretlerdir.

Noktalama işaretlerinden nokta, virgül, noktalı virgül, iki nokta, üç nokta, soru işareti, ünlem işareti, tırnak işaretleri, ayraç ve kesme ait oldukları sözcüklere bitişik olarak yazılır ve kesme dışındaki işaretlerden sonra bir harf boşluğu ara verilir.

Servet-i Fünûn Dönemi'nde, Tevfik Fikret'in şiirlerinde, noktalama işaretlerinin dikkatle kullanıldığı görülür.

Diyakritik işaretlerle farkı
Diyakritik işaretler harflerin üzerine veya altlarına eklenen işaretlerdir. Örneğin O ve Ö harflerinin farkını oluşturan umlaut (çift nokta) bir diyakritik işarettir.

Noktalama işaretleri ise cümle içinde ve sözcük aralarında kullanılır. Noktalama işaretleri ile diyakritik işaretler arasındaki farkın birbirine karıştırıldığı en ilginç örneklerinden birisi, karet işaretidir.

Karet (Düzeltme İşareti)
Karet (İngilizcede "Caret") adını alan düzeltme işareti (^), bir metin gözden geçirilirken metnin herhangi bir yerinde düzeltme yapılmasının gerektiğini ortaya koyar. Genellikle bir noktalama işaretinin yokluğuna, kelime eksikliğine ya da yarım bırakılmış cümlelere işaret eder. Daha çok kitap, gazete, dergi vs. editörlerince kullanılır. Kesinlikle herhangi bir harfin üzerine eklenmez. İnceltme işaretinin bir türevi olarak görülür ve birbirleriyle bu nedenle karıştırılır. İnceltme imi (ˆ) ise Türkçede yalnızca sesli harflerin üzerine gelir. Harfin ince okunmasını sağlar. Örneğin kar (yağış türü) ve kâr (kazanç). Teknik olarak Türkçede hiçbir sesli harf incelmez. İnceltme işareti sessiz harfleri incelterek düzeltme yapar. Sesli harflerin üzerine konularak (işaretlenerek) hece uzaması sağlanır. Özetle:
Karet (^) bir noktalama işaretidir. Cümle içinde düzeltilecek yeri gösterir.
Circumflex (ˆ) bir diyakritik işarettir. Harfin ses değerini değiştirir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Diyakritik işaretler
 Noktalama

Dış bağlantılar
 TDK Belge

Noktalama işaretleri


Die Keckkapelle ist ein Kirchengebäude romanischen Ursprungs in Kempten (Allgäu). Sie ist die älteste Kirche der Stadt und erfuhr mehrere Umbauten und Erweiterungen. Die Kapelle ist dem heiligen Stephanus geweiht. Die vollständige Bezeichnung der Kapelle lautet Leprosenkapelle St. Stephan im Keck.

Lage und Bezeichnungen
Die Kapelle befindet sich auf dem östlichen Illerhochufer oberhalb der Kemptener Altstadt. Heute steht sie in direkter Nähe zur Kaufbeurer Straße und dem Verkehrsknotenpunkt Berliner Platz, einer großen Kreuzung, die der Verteilung des Verkehrs über den Stadtring zur A 7 und B 12 dient. Zur Errichtungszeit stand die Kapelle weit außerhalb der mittelalterlichen Altstadt auf kaum bebautem Gelände. Archäologische Ausgrabungen im Umfeld zeigten, dass die Kapelle über dem großen römischen Gräberfeld der Landstadt Cambodunum errichtet worden ist.

Die Kapelle ist dem heiligen Stephanus geweiht. Geschichtlich erwähnt wird sie als Leprosenkapelle St. Stephan, Keck-Kapelle oder Keckkapelle, wobei die letzten beiden Namen am häufigsten verwendet werden. Der Name "Keck" stammt von einem früheren Besitzer, der auch der Eigentümer und Betreiber des Gasthofs "Zum Keck" in direkter Nachbarschaft war.

Geschichte
Die heutige Keckkapelle basiert auf einem romanischen Bau aus dem Hochmittelalter. Dies zeigten die Formen des Mauerwerks sowie der romanischen Rundbogenfenster, die bei einer Sanierung in den 1930er Jahren freigelegt wurden. In gotischer Zeit wurde die Kapelle umgebaut und durch einen mehreckigen Chor erweitert.

1521 verlegte man das Seelhaus aus der Stadt zur Stephanskapelle. 1665 wurde das Seelhaus, drei Jahre später auch die Kapelle auf Kosten eines Johann Auchters renoviert. In dieser Zeit entstand wohl auch der quadratische Dachreiter. Im Jahr 1769 wurde das Gut mit der kleinen Kapelle von einem "gewissen Keck" erworben. Die Kapelle gelangte 1898 in den Besitz des Konsuls Leonhard Kluftinger. In den Jahren 1898 und 1940 beschäftigte man sich mit einer Restaurierung der Kapelle. Dabei legte man die umfangreichen, gotischen Wandmalereien im Chorraum frei.

2010 und 2011 meldete die regionale Presse, dass eine Einsturzgefahr der Decke bestehe. Um dem entgegenzuwirken, restaurierte man die Kapelle für rund 200.000 Euro.

Die Keckkapelle ist im Besitz einer privaten Stiftung und nicht öffentlich zugänglich. Mehrmals im Jahr finden dort evangelische Gottesdienste und Andachten statt.

Baubeschreibung
Das Mauergeviert um die Kapelle umschloss ursprünglich den Friedhof des Leprosenhauses; er kann im Süden durch einen Eingang mit Stichbogen sowie nördlich durch ein rechteckiges Tor betreten werden. Innerhalb der Ummauerung sind heute 52 schmiedeeiserne Grabkreuze aufgestellt, die ursprünglich auf verschiedenen Friedhöfen des Allgäus standen. Östlich des Straßeneinschnittes befand sich das bis in das 18. Jahrhundert mit Stegen verbundene Leprosenhaus, auch Seelhaus genannt, "Zu den hohen Stegen". Nach der Zerstörung durch Bombentreffer im Jahr 1944 verblieben vom Leprosenhaus lediglich wenige Mauerreste. Nicht weit vom Kapellenstandort befand sich der mit Zwerchhaus erbaute, zweistöckige Gasthof "Zum Keck".

Die Längswände, die spätestens aus dem 13. Jahrhundert stammen sollen, weisen nördlich ein, südlich zwei Rundbogenfenster auf. Die Grundmauern einer halbrunden Apsis mit der Altarstelle unter dem gotischen Chor wurden im Jahr 1940 freigelegt.

Nach 1451 wurde der Chor durch eine Joche mit einem 5/8-Schluss und Kreuzrippengewölbe erweitert. In dieser Zeit baute man auch das Haus für den Seelsorger, das Leprosenhaus.

Ausstattung

Im Inneren der Kapelle befinden sich Objekte aus verschiedenen Epochen. Ein im Jahr 1908 geschaffener Altar stellt den Mittelpunkt im Chor dar. Lange Jahre wurde angenommen, dass der Altar aus Tirol stammt. Der Altar hat einen modernen, ergänzten Schrein mit Gesprenge. Die zwei älteren Flügelbilder zeigen die Heilige Anna und den Heiligen Alexius.

Die zwei knienden Engel aus dem mittleren 18. Jahrhundert befinden sich in der Sakristei und sind aus Holz geschnitzt.

Die im Chor befindlichen Fresken stammen aus den Jahren um 1460 und werden entweder einem Maler der Memminger Schule oder einem weniger bekannten Maler aus Kempten zugeordnet.

Von den 1898 freigelegten Malereien in Seccotechnik blieben nur die Untermalungen erhalten; zahlreiche Details gingen bei der Freilegung verloren. Daher wirkt auch die Farbigkeit matter, als sie ursprünglich gewesen sein muss. Mehrere Restaurierungen griffen zum Teil schwer in die Originalsubstanz ein. Bei der Reinigung und Festigung durch den Mindelheimer Restaurator Toni Mayer 1976 stellte sich heraus, dass nur noch ein Drittel des Originalfarbbestandes vorhanden ist.

Dargestellt sind verschiedene Heilige und Kirchenväter sowie im Chorbogen die törichten und die klugen Jungfrauen. Neben dem mit Scheinarchitektur umrahmten Sakramentshaus ist das Letzte Abendmahl aufgemalt, zwischen den beiden Schlusssteinen Christus am Kreuz.

Auf einem 1495 entstandenen Tafelbild in der Kapelle ist der Kampf des Heiligen Magnus von Füssen, der als Apostel des Allgäus verehrt wird, mit Drachen und Ungeziefer dargestellt.

An der Empore befindet sich ein Bilderzyklus vom Grönenbacher Künstler Ludwig Eberle, der Zyklus stellt die Geschichte der Kapelle samt Umgebung künstlerisch dar.

Römisches Gräberfeld "Auf der Keckwiese"
Das römische Gräberfeld "Auf der Keckwiese" südwestlich der Kapelle ist das größte bekannte Gräberfeld der antiken Stadt Cambodunum. Es erstreckte sich nördlich der mittelkaiserzeitlichen Siedlung auf dem Lindenberg an der Straße nach Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum). Auf einer Länge von 290 m konnten über 400 Bestattungen aus dem 1. und 2. Jahrhundert n. Chr. festgestellt werden. Diagonal zur Römerstraße wird das Gräberfeld heute von der Kaufbeurer Straße durchschnitten. Archäologische Ausgrabungen fanden seit den 1960er Jahren statt. Besonders der östliche Teil konnte wegen modernen Eingriffen durch Straßenbau und Hangregulierung nicht untersucht werden. Im Norden dürfte sich das Gräberfeld erheblich über das untersuchte Areal hinaus erstreckt haben. Hier könnte sich eine lockere Streuung monumentaler Grabbauten angeschlossen haben, von denen eines in der Artillerie-Kaserne an der Kaufbeurer Straße entdeckt wurde. In der Spätantike wurde das Areal erneut zur Bestattung genutzt. Im nördlichen Bereich überlagerten einige von insgesamt 38 größtenteils beigabenlosen Körpergräbern die Brandgräber der frühen und mittleren Kaiserzeit.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 Wolfgang Haberl: Keck-Kapelle in Kempten (Allgäu). Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 1995.
 Martin Kellenberger: Die Keck-Kapelle und deren Baugeschichte im Lichte stilkritischer Betrachtung.  Kempten 1934. (OPAC SB Ke)

 Michael Kennerknecht: Der Altar in der Keck-Kapelle und sein Schöpfer Thomas Buscher. In: Allgäuer Geschichtsfreund, Kempten 2004, Nr. 104, S. 107–109.
 Alfred Weitnauer: Aus dem Leben der Kemptner Sondersiechen: wie die Keckkapelle entstand. In: Das schöne Allgäu, AVA-Verlag-Allgäu, Kempten 1993, 56. Jg., Heft 8, S. 55–58.

Weblinks

Erbaut im 11. Jahrhundert
Erbaut im 13. Jahrhundert
Stephanus-Märtyrer-Kirche
Baudenkmal in Kempten (Allgäu)
Kirchengebäude in Kempten (Allgäu)
Bauwerk der Romanik in Bayern
Romanische Kirche
Gotisierte Kirche
Keckwiese
Bodendenkmal in Kempten (Allgäu)
Kempten
Kirchengebäude in Europa

Keckkapelle


La résolution 2623 du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies portant sur l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie de 2022 est adoptée le  au cours de la onzième session extraordinaire d'urgence de l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies.

Base
La résolution 377 du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies, dite de l'Union pour le maintien de la paix, adoptée pendant la guerre de Corée, dispose que, dans tous les cas où le Conseil de sécurité, en raison d'une absence d'unanimité parmi ses cinq membres permanents, n'arrive pas à agir comme il se doit pour maintenir la paix et la sécurité internationales, l'Assemblée générale se saisit immédiatement de la question et peut adresser aux membres des Nations Unies des recommandations appropriées concernant des mesures collectives, y compris le recours à la force armée si nécessaire, afin de maintenir ou de rétablir la paix et la sécurité internationales.

La résolution 2623 constitue le  usage (le  par le Conseil de sécurité) de la résolution « Union pour le maintien de la Paix » pour convoquer une session d'urgence de l'Assemblée générale.

Vote
La résolution 2623 est présentée conjointement par les États-Unis (représentés par Linda Thomas-Greenfield) et par l'Albanie (représentée par Ferit Hoxha), qui siège au Conseil de sécurité pour la première fois de son histoire.

Le détail des votes se présente comme suit (avec les membres permanents indiqués en gras):

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Onzième session extraordinaire d'urgence de l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies
 Liste des résolutions du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies adoptées en 2022
 Résolution ES-11/1 de l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies
 Résolution ES-11/3 de l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies

Lien externe
 Texte de la résolution sur undocs.org

2623
Invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie en 2022
27 février
Février 2022

Résolution 2623 du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies


Manuel de Falla y Matheu, (d. 23 Kasım 1876, Cádiz – ö. 14 Kasım 1946,  Alta Gracia) İspanyol besteci ve piyanist.

İspanya'nın en tanınmış ve sevilen bestecilerindendir. Kendi vatanının geleneksel müziğinden etkilenmiş, onu diğer Avrupa stilleri ile birleştirerek kendine özgü bir müzik dili yaratmıştır. Baleler, şarkılar, piyano ve orkestra eserleri bestelemiştir.

1876'da İspanya'nın güneyindeki Cádiz şehrinde doğdu. Cádiz'de başladığı öğrenimini önce Madrid'de, sonra Paris'te sürdürdü. Paris'te bulunduğu 1907-1914 yılları arasında Maurice Ravel, Claude Debussy gibi bestecilerle tanıştı ve onlardan etkilendi. Ancak 1914'te başlayan I. Dünya Savaşı nedeniyle Madrid'e geri döndü. 1920'de, arkadaşı şair Federico Garcia Lorca'nın da bulunduğu Granada'ya yerleşti; 1921-1939 yılları arasında Granada'da yaşadı 1936'da sevgili arkadaşı Lorca'nın öldürülmesine engel olmaya çalıştıysa da başarılı olamadı. İspanya İç Savaşı'ndan sonra General Franco'nun zaferi üzerine Arjantin'in başkenti Buenos Aires'e taşındı. Granada'da başladığı, İspanyol şair Jacinto Verdaguer'in bir metnine dayanan Atlantida adlı koral eseri üzerinde çalştıysa da eser 1946'da yaşamını yitiridiğinde de henüz tamamlanmamıştı. Bu eser daha sonra Ernesto Haffler tarafından tamamlanmıştır.

Hiç evlenmeyen ve ömrü boyunca kız kardeşi ile yaşayan Falla, servetini yitiren Madrid'deki ailesinin geçimini tipik İspanyol müzikal komediler besteleyerek sağladı. 1905'te yazdığı ve ilk defa 1913'te Fransa'nın Nice kentinde sahnelenen La vida breve, ilk önemli sahne eseri idi. Çingene kıskançlığının anlatan El amor brujo Balesi ise 2 yıl sonra Madrid'de sahnelenmişti. El sombrero de tres picos balesine son halini baleyi 1919'da sahneleyen Sergei Dyagilev verdi. Cervantes'in klasik romanı Don Kişot'a dayanan kukla operası El retablo de maese Pedro 1922'de tamamlandı. Bu dört eserin ilk üçünün orkestra suitleri popular olmuştur.

Besteci, El amor brujo ve El sombrero de tres picos'dan iki suitin konser versiyonlarını yazdığı gibi solo piyano ve orekstra için Noches en los jardines de España (İspanya Bahçeleri'nde Geceler) isimli çok güzel bir orkestra eseri daha bestelemiştir.

Falla, vocal müzik alanında 7 İspanyol halk şarkısını düzenledi. Bazı oda müziği ve piyano müziği eserleri de yazdı.

1876 doğumlular
Cádiz doğumlular
1946 yılında ölenler
20. yüzyıl klasik müzik bestecileri
İspanyol besteciler
Flamenko müzisyenleri

Manuel de Falla


Zoungoudo est l'un des dix arrondissements de la commune d'Agbangnizoun dans le département du Zou au centre du Bénin.

Géographie

Localisation
L'arrondissement de Zoungoudo est situé au Sud de la commune d'Agbangnizoun.

Administration
Sur les cinquante-trois villages et quartiers de ville que compte la commune d'Agbangnizoun, l'arrondissement de Zoungoudo en groupe  villages. Il s'agit de :

 Dodji
 Kanzoun
 Kpoto
 Tokpa
 Zoungoudo

Histoire

Démographie
Selon le recensement de la population de  conduit par l'Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique (INSAE), Zoungoudo compte 2930 habitants.

Notes et références

Zou
Arrondissement au Bénin

Zoungoudo


FIFA 100, Uluslararası Futbol Federasyonu FIFA'nın, 4 Mart 2004'te Londra'da gerçekleşen 100. yıl kutlamasıdır. Kutlamada aynı zamanda aralarında dünyaca ünlü Brezilyalı futbolcu Pelé'nin de bulunduğu, değişik milletlerden futbol adamları, FIFA 100 adı altında dünyanın yaşayan en iyi futbolcularını seçmişlerdir. Ancak 100 sayısı listedeki futbolcuları temsil etmemektedir, çünkü Pelé bu sayıyı 100 ile sınırlandırmanın çok zor olduğunu belirtmiştir. Liste profesyonel 123 erkek ve 2 kadın futbolcudan oluşmaktadır. (Kadın sporcular Amerikalı Michelle Akers ve Mia Hamm'dır). FIFA 100 listesi, hâlen faal futbol yaşantısını sürdüren 50 ve aktif futbola veda eden 75 sporcudan oluşmaktadır.

Bazı futbol gözlemcileri, listenin oluşturulmasında izlenen yöntemleri eleştirlerdir. David Mellor, eski siyasi günümüzün futbol yorumcusu, Evening Standard gazetesindeki köşesinde, listenin, saf futbol sahalarında yapılanlardan çok siyasi etkilerle oluşturulduğunu hissettiğini yazmıştır. Mellor, listenin Pelé tarafından değil de FIFA yönetim kurulunun kaleminden çıkmış gibi göründüğünü belirtmiştir. Mellor ayrıca listedeki oyuncuların geniş bir coğrafi yapıdan geldiğini, ancak gerçekte Güney Amerikalı ve Avrupa oyuncuların ezici çoğunlukla listeyi oluşturmaları gerektiğini söylemiştir. Diğer eleştiriler ise listenin sadece günümüzün oyuncularına odaklandığını iddia etmektedir.

Bir başka sorgulanması gereken FIFA yaptırımı ise listenin gerçekte "yaşayan futbolcu"'ları içermemesi, sadece faal futbol yaşantısı devam eden sporcularla sınırlı olmasıdır. Liste FIFA 100. yılını kutlarken gelmiş geçmiş en büyük futbolcuları içermemektedir. Örnek olarak Bobby Moore, Lev Yashin veya Garrincha listede olması gerektiği düşünülen isimlerdir.

Tartışılan listeye en dikkat çekici tepki ise Pelé'nin eski takım arkadaşı ve Brezilya millî futbol takımı eski orta saha oyuncusu Gérson'dan geldi. Gerson, FIFA 100 listesinde yer almamasını, listenin bir kopyasını bir Brezilya televizyonunda yırtarak gösterdi. Marco van Basten ve Uwe Seeler ise prensipleri nedeniyle projede yer almayı reddettiler.

FIFA 100 futbolcu Listesi
FIFA 100 listesi, Pelé tarafından FIFA'nın 100. yılını kutlaması onuruna oluşturulmuştur. Listede 125 futbolcu bulunmaktadır;

ABD
 Michelle Akers
 Mia Hamm

Almanya
 Michael Ballack
 Franz Beckenbauer
 Paul Breitner
 Oliver Kahn
 Jürgen Klinsmann
 Sepp Maier
 Lothar Matthäus
 Gerd Müller
 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
 Uwe Seeler

Arjantin
 Gabriel Batistuta
 Hernán Jorge Crespo
 Alfredo Di Stéfano
 Mario Kempes
 Diego Maradona
 Daniel Passarella
 Javier Saviola
 Omar Sivori
 Juan Sebastián Verón
 Javier Zanetti

Belçika
 Jan Ceulemans
 Franky van der Elst
 Jean-Marie Pfaff

Brezilya
 Carlos Alberto
 Cafú
 Roberto Carlos
 Falcão
 Júnior
 Pelé
 Rivaldo
 Rivelino
 Ronaldinho
 Ronaldo
 Djalma Santos
 Nílton Santos
 Sócrates
 Zico

Bulgaristan
 Hristo Stoiçkov

Çekya
 Josef Masopust
 Pavel Nedvěd

Danimarka
 Brian Laudrup
 Michael Laudrup
 Peter Schmeichel

Fransa
 Eric Cantona
 Marcel Desailly
 Didier Deschamps
 Just Fontaine
 Thierry Henry
 Raymond Kopa
 Jean-Pierre Papin
 Robert Pires
 Michel Platini
 Lilian Thuram
 Marius Trésor
 David Trezeguet
 Patrick Vieira
 Zinédine Zidane

Gana
 Abédi Pelé

Hırvatistan
 Davor Šuker

Hollanda
 Marco van Basten
 Dennis Bergkamp
 Johan Cruyff
 Edgar Davids
 Ruud Gullit
 René van de Kerkhof
 Willy van de Kerkhof
 Patrick Kluivert
 Johan Neeskens
 Ruud van Nistelrooy
 Rob Rensenbrink
 Frank Rijkaard
 Clarence Seedorf

İngiltere
 Gordon Banks
 David Beckham
 Bobby Charlton
 Kevin Keegan
 Gary Lineker
 Michael Owen
 Alan Shearer

İrlanda
 Roy Keane

İtalya
 Roberto Baggio
 Franco Baresi
 Giuseppe Bergomi
 Giampiero Boniperti
 Gianluigi Buffon
 Giacinto Facchetti
 Paolo Maldini
 Alessandro Nesta
 Alessandro Del Piero
 Gianni Rivera
 Paolo Rossi
 Francesco Totti
 Christian Vieri
 Dino Zoff

İskoçya
 Kenny Dalglish

İspanya
 Emilio Butragueño
 Luis Enrique
 Raul

Japonya
 Hidetoshi Nakata

Kamerun
 Roger Milla

Kolombiya
 Carlos Valderrama

Güney Kore
 Hong Myung-Bo

Kuzey İrlanda
 George Best

Liberya
 George Weah

Macaristan
 Ferenc Puskás

Meksika
 Hugo Sánchez

Nijerya
 Jay-Jay Okocha

Paraguay
 Romerito

Peru
 Teofilo Cubillas

Polonya
 Zbigniew Boniek

Portekiz

 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Manuel Rui Costa
 Eusébio da Silva Ferreira
 Luís Figo

Romanya
 Gheorghe Hagi

Rusya
 Rinat Dasayev

Senegal
 El-Hadji Diouf

Şili
 Elías Figueroa
 Iván Zamorano

Türkiye
 Emre Belözoğlu
 Rüştü Reçber

Ukrayna
 Andriy Şevçenko

Uruguay
 Enzo Francescoli

Ayrıca bakınız
 FIFA
 FIFA Dünya Sıralaması

Dış bağlantılar
 FIFA 100 listesi

Kaynakça

Futbolcu listeleri

FIFA
Pelé

FIFA 100


Melvin Ellis Calvin (født 8. april 1911, død 8. januar 1997) var en amerikansk biokemiker, der er mest berømt for at have opdaget Calvin-cyklussen sammen med Andrew Benson og James Bassham, som han hvilket han modtog nobelprisen i kemi i 1961. Han brugte det meste af sin karriere, der strakte sig over fem årtier, på University of California, Berkeley.

Opvækst og uddannelse
Calvin blev født i St. Paul i Minnesota som søn af Elias Calvin og Rose Herwitz, der var jødiske immigranter fra det Russiske Kejserrige. Hans far blev født i Litauen (der på dette tidspunkt var en del af det Russiske Kejserrige) og hans mor var fra Georgien, der ligeledes var en del af det Russiske Kejserrige.

Som lille flyttede Calvins familie til Detroit; hvor han blev færdig på Central High School i 1928. Han studerede derefter på Michigan College of Mining and Technology (nu kendt som Michigan Technological University), hvor han blev bachelor i 1931, hvorefter han læste Ph.d. i kemi på University of Minnesota, hvor han blev færdig i 1935. Han brugte de næste fire år som postdoc på University of Manchester. Han giftede sig med Marie Genevieve Jemtegaard i 1942, og de fik tre børn; to døtre og en søn.

Karrie
Calvin blev ansat på University of California, Berkeley i 1937 og blev udnævnt til professor i kemi i 1947. Ved at bruge en kulstof-14 isotop som sporing, kortlagde Calvin, Andrew Benson og James Bassham hele den rute som kulstof bevæger sig rundt i fotosyntese, hvor den starter med at blive absorberet som atmosfærisk carbondioxid til dens omdannelse til carbohydrater og andre organiske forbindelser. Ved dette beviste Calvin, Benson og Bassham at sollys påvirker klorofylet i planten og giver energi til fremstillingen af organiske forbindelser, frem for carbondioxid, som man tidligere troede. Calvin var den eneste af de tre, som modtog nobelprisen for det arbejde, der nogle gange kaldes Calvin-Benson-Bassham-cyklus. Calvin skrev en selvbiografi tre årtier senere med titlen Following the Trail of Light: A Scientific Odyssey.
I løbet af 1950'erne var han en af de første medlemmer af Society for General Systems Research. I modtog han yderligere titlen som professor i molekylær biologi. Han grundlagde og blev direktør for Laboratory of Chemical Biodynamics og var samtidig Associate Director på Berkeley Radiation Laboratory, hvor han udførte meget af sin forskning frem til han blev pensioneret i 1980. I sine sidste år af aktiv forskning fokuserede han på olie-producerende planter som en form for vedvarende kilde til energi. Han brugte også mange år på at undersøge i den kemiske evolution af liv, og han skrev en bog om emnet, der blev udgivet i 1969.

Kontrovers
I 2011 sendte BBC et fjernsynsprogram om botanikkens historie med botanikeren Timothy Walker, direktør for University of Oxford Botanic Garden, hvor han kritiserede Calvins måde at behandle Andrew Benson på. Walker hævdede at Calvin havde fået credit for Bensons arbejde efter at have fyret ham, og at han ikke havde nævnt Bensons rolle, da han skrev sin selvbiografi flere årtier senere. Benson snakkede også selv om fyrringen, og beklagede sig over, at han ikke var blevet nævnt i selvbiografien.

Hæder
Calvin var en del af 2011-udgaven af American Scientists frimærkerne sammen med Asa Gray, Maria Goeppert-Mayer og Severo Ochoa. Dette er den tredje udgave af serien, hvor de to første blev udgivet i hhv. 2005 og 2008.

Publikationer

 Calvin, M. and A. A. Benson."The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (March 8, 1948).
 Stepka, W., Benson, A. A., and M. Calvin. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis II. Amino Acids", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (May 25, 1948).
 Benson, A. A. and M. Calvin. "Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis III.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (June 1, 1948).
 Calvin, M. and A. A. Benson "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis IV. The Identity and Sequence of the Intermediates in Sucrose Synthesis.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (December 14, 1948).
 Benson, A. A., Bassham, J. A., Calvin, M., Goodale, T. C., Haas, V. A. and W. Stepka. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis V. Paper Chromatography and Radioautography of the Products.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (June 13, 1949).
 Calvin, M. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis VI.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (June 30, 1949).
 Benson, A. A. and M. Calvin. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis VII. Respiration and Photosynthesis.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (July 21, 1949).
 Bassham, J. A., Benson, A. A. and M. Calvin. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis VIII. The Role of Malic Acid.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (January 25, 1950).
 Badin, E. J.and M. Calvin. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis IX. Photosynthesis, Photoreduction, and the Hydrogen-Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Dark Reaction.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (February 1, 1950).
 Calvin, M., Bassham, J. A., Benson, A. A., Lynch, V., Ouellet, C., Schou, L., Stepka, W. and N. E. Tolbert. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis X. Carbon Dioxide Assimilation in Plants.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (April 1, 1950).
 Schou, L., Benson, A. A., Bassham, J. A. and M. Calvin. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis XI. The Role of Glycolic Acid.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (September 11, 1950).
 Calvin, M., Bassham, J. A., Benson, A. A., Kawaguchi, S., Lynch, V. H., Stepka, W. and N. E. Tolbert. "	The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis XIV.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (June 30, 1951).
 Benson, A. A., Bassham, J. A., Calvin, M., Hall, A. G., Hirsch, H., Kawaguchi, S., Lynch, V. and N. E. Tolbert. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis XV. Ribulose and Sedoheptulose.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (January 1952).
 Benson, A. A., Kawaguchi, S., Hayes, P. and M. Calvin. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis XVI. Kinetic Relationships of the Intermediates in Steady State Photosynthesis.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (June 5, 1952).
 Buchanan, J. G., Bassham, J. A., Benson, A. A., Bradley, D. F., Calvin, M., Daus, L. L., Goodman, M., Hayes, P. M., Lynch, V. H., Norris, L. T. and A. T. Wilson. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis XVII. Phosphorus Compounds as Intermediates in Photosynthesis.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (July 8, 1952).
 Buchanan, J. G., Lynch, V. H., Benson, A. A., Calvin, M. and D. F. Bradley. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis XVIII. The Identification of Nucleotide Coenzymes.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (January 19, 1953).
 Calvin, M. and P. Massini. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis XX. The Steady State.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (September 1952).
 Calvin, M. "Photosynthesis: The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis and the Primary Quantum Conversion Act of Photosynthesis.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (November 22, 1952).
 Bassham, J. A., Benson, A. A., Kay, L. D. Harris, A. Z., Wilson, A. T. and Calvin, M. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis XXI. The Cyclic Regeneration of Carbon Dioxide Acceptor.", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (October 1, 1953).
 Bassham, J. A. and M. Calvin. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Lawrence Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (October 1960).
 Calvin, M. "The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis (Nobel Prize Lecture).", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Radiation Laboratory-Berkeley, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (December 11, 1961).

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
 Nobel speech and biographmems/mcalvin.html Tribute by Glenn Seaborg and Andrew Benson

 Biographical memoir by Glenn Seaborg and Andrew Benson
 U.S. Patent 4427511  Melvin Calvin – Photo-induced electron transfer method
 Encyclopædia Britannica article
 USPS News Release: Celebrating American Scientists Press release for the new Forever Stamp designs featuring Melvin Calvin.
 National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir

Kemikere fra USA
Nobelprismodtagere i kemi
Nobelprismodtagere fra USA
Modtagere af Priestley Medal
Medlemmer af Royal Society of Edinburgh

Melvin Calvin


Baron Waterpark of Waterpark in the County of Cork, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1792 for Sarah, Lady Cavendish, in honour of her husband, Sir Henry Cavendish, 2nd Baronet. Sir Henry Cavendish was a politician who represented Lismore and Killybegs in the Irish House of Commons and served as Vice-Treasurer of Ireland and as Receiver-General of Ireland. From 1768 to 1774 he sat in the British House of Commons for Lostwithiel. Cavendish and Lady Waterpark were both succeeded by their son Richard, the second Baron and third Baronet. His eldest son, the third Baron, represented Knaresborough, Derbyshire South and Lichfield in the House of Commons as a Liberal and served as a Lord-in-waiting (government whip) under Lord John Russell, Lord Aberdeen and Lord Palmerston. This line of the family failed on the death of his grandson, the fifth Baron, in 1932. The late Baron was succeeded by his second cousin, the sixth Baron. He was the grandson of a younger son of the second Baron. , the titles are held by the latter's great-nephew, the eighth Baron, who succeeded in that year.

The Cavendish baronetcy, of Doveridge Hall, was created in the Baronetage of Great Britain in 1755 for Henry Cavendish. He notably represented Lismore in the Irish House of Commons. He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned Sir Henry Cavendish, 2nd Baronet. The Cavendishes of Doveridge were descended from Henry Cavendish, illegitimate son of another Henry Cavendish, of Tutbury Priory. This Henry was the eldest son of Sir William Cavendish by his wife Bess of Hardwick, and thus elder brother of William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire. The family seat of Doveridge Hall was demolished about 1938. There were other illegitimate sons sired in Derbyshire by Henry Cavendish. One son, Robert Cavendish, was allegedly the result of a lifelong relationship with a mistress whom he kept at Ufton Manor in Oakerthorpe.

Cavendish baronets of Doveridge Hall (1755)
Sir Henry Cavendish, 1st Baronet (1707–1776)
Sir Henry Cavendish, 2nd Baronet (1732–1804)
Sir Richard Cavendish, 3rd Baronet (1765–1830) (succeeded as Baron Waterpark in 1807)

Barons Waterpark (1792)
Sarah Cavendish, 1st Baroness Waterpark (1740–1807)
Richard Cavendish, 2nd Baron Waterpark (1765–1830)
Henry Manners Cavendish, 3rd Baron Waterpark (1793–1863)
Henry Anson Cavendish, 4th Baron Waterpark (1839–1912)
Charles Frederick Cavendish, 5th Baron Waterpark (1883–1932)
Henry Sheppard Hart Cavendish, 6th Baron Waterpark (1876–1948)
Frederick Caryll Phillip Cavendish, 7th Baron Waterpark (1926–2013)
Roderick Alexander Cavendish, 8th Baron Waterpark (born 1959)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son, the Hon. Luke Frederick Cavendish (born 1990).

Family tree

See also
Duke of Devonshire

References

Baronies in the Peerage of Ireland
Waterpark
1792 establishments in Ireland
1755 establishments in Great Britain
Noble titles created in 1792

Baron Waterpark