USS Barry (DD-933) was one of eighteen Forrest Sherman–class destroyers of the United States Navy, and was the third US destroyer to be named for Commodore John Barry. Commissioned in 1954, she spent most of her career in the Caribbean, Atlantic, and Mediterranean, but also served in the Vietnam War, for which she earned two battle stars. Another notable aspect of her service was the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.

Decommissioned in 1982, she became the "Display Ship Barry" (DS Barry), a museum ship at the Washington Navy Yard in Washington, D.C., in 1984.

Renovation of DS Barry to allow her to continue as a museum ship was deemed too expensive to justify. Furthermore, the planned construction of a fixed-span bridge to replace the Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge, a swing bridge, would have trapped her at the Washington Navy Yard permanently. Scrapping was therefore the only realistic option. An official departure ceremony for the ship took place on 17 October 2015, and she was towed away on 7 May 2016 to be scrapped in Philadelphia. Scrapping was completed by 2/11/2022.

Construction and commissioning
Barry was laid down on 15 March 1954 at Bath, Maine, by the Bath Iron Works Corporation; launched on 1 October 1955; sponsored by Mrs. Francis Rogers, a great-grandniece of Commodore Barry; and commissioned at the Boston Naval Shipyard, Charlestown, Massachusetts, on 7 September 1956; Commander Isaac C. Kidd, Jr.,in command.

1956–1959
Barry fitted out at the Boston Naval Shipyard through November, testing her new electronics, ASW gear, and gunnery systems into December. After a brief underway period in Narragansett Bay, she departed 3 January 1957 for Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, to continue her shakedown. Her training exercises were interspersed with port visits to Kingston, Jamaica; Culebra, Puerto Rico, and Santa Marta, Colombia, before she departed for Colón, Panama.

The destroyer transited the Canal Zone on 26 February and anchored at Salinas, Ecuador, two days later to begin the first of three "goodwill" visits to Latin American ports. After a five-day visit, she departed for Callao, Peru. Arriving 5 March, she hosted the United States Ambassador to Peru, the Honorable Theodore C. Achilles, and the Prefect of Callao, before sailing for Valparaíso, Chile, on 9 March. Three days later, Barry's Captain received official calls from the Chilean provincial governor, the Commander in Chief of the Chilean Navy, Vice Almirante Francisco O'Ryan; the American consul to Valparaíso, and the American Commandant, First Naval Zone; all on the same afternoon. After refueling operations, she cleared Valparaíso on 17 March and shaped course for Panama. Transiting the Canal Zone on 23 March, where she damaged a ship's-boat boom in Gatun Locks, she reached Boston on 29 March with her shakedown completed.

The destroyer underwent post-shakedown alterations and repairs at the Boston Naval Shipyard. She cleared the harbor on 15 May for a schedule of local operations off New England. On 27 June Barry departed for Rosslare, Ireland, and her first deployment to Europe. She visited St. Nazaire, France, and Lisbon, Portugal, before arriving at Gibraltar on the morning of 16 July. Assigned to the 6th Fleet, the destroyer escorted carriers, operated as plane guard, and conducted ASW barrier patrols before returning to Newport, Rhode Island, in August.

On 24 September, after several weeks of post-deployment repairs and upkeep, she steamed into Narragansett Bay to assist the Norwegian freighter Belleville which lay aground off Seal Rock. On 26 September, she helped escort the nuclear submarine , carrying President Dwight D. Eisenhower, as she conducted a diving demonstration off Newport. After several months of routine operations, including antisubmarine warfare (ASW) exercises and plane guard operations with the carriers  and , the destroyer spent May 1958, preparing for her next deployment to the Mediterranean.

Underway 6 June, she transited the Straits of Gibraltar and reached Rhodes on the morning of 20 June. For the next three weeks, Barry operated with the 6th Fleet, conducted standard ASW exercises until 14 July, when a coup, organized by young military officers, seized Baghdad and declared a republic in Iraq. The Lebanese government, led by a Christian president, Camille Chamoun, feared a similar revolution might grow out of a Pan-Arab insurgency active in the Bekaa, Tripoli, and Beirut. President Camille Chamoun, following a pro-western policy, immediately requested that the United States land troops to stabilize the situation between Christians, Muslims, and Druze. President Eisenhower honored the request and, fearing the spread of Egyptian and Syrian influence, ordered Marines to Lebanon that same day.

Barry moored at Salonika, Greece, got underway the next morning, 15 July, to operate with  as her Task Group stood watch over the eastern Mediterranean. She remained in the region, patrolling the Lebanese coast and escorting carriers to support the Marines ashore. After upkeep alongside  at İzmir, Turkey, and fleet operations in Augusta Bay, Sicily, she sailed for home 17 September. Entering Boston Naval Shipyard 14 October, Barry received, after extensive alternations to her forefoot, the new bow-mounted SQS-23 sonar. Emerging from the yard 17 March, she spent the remainder of the year working up the sonar gear and carrying out tactical trials out of NS Newport and Key West. After a brief yard period at Boston in December, the destroyer conducted routine East Coast operations through May 1960.

1960–1962

She cleared Newport on 6 June for a summer goodwill tour and sonar demonstration cruise to Northern Europe. Before the end of June, Barry visited Portsmouth, England, and Kiel, Germany, to conduct naval reviews and in-port sonar demonstrations. During July, when she visited the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Belgium, the destroyer's crew found the regional navies were eager to discuss technological and security concerns. Furthermore, as Barry conducted four at-sea sonar demonstrations with friendly submarines, foreign naval officers were impressed with U.S. naval technology. In August, after exercises with French and Portuguese diesel submarines, the destroyer returned to Newport on 31 August.

After local operations and a port visit to Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Barry set out for the Virginia Capes operation areas on 9 January 1961, for hunter-killer ASW exercises. After a brief drydock period at Boston, she ranged the eastern seaboard, conducting tactical tests on her bow sonar and participating in amphibious exercises, from Guantanamo Bay to Halifax, Nova Scotia. After another long yard period at the Boston Naval Shipyard, she departed for the Mediterranean with a task group formed around  in June 1962. The destroyer operated with the 6th Fleet for the next two months, watching a steady flow of Soviet merchant ships sail out of the Black Sea towards Cuba before returning to Newport in August for post-deployment upkeep.

Cuban Missile Crisis

On 16 October, the day President John F. Kennedy was shown aerial reconnaissance photographs of Soviet nuclear missiles and launch sites under construction in Cuba, Barry was still undergoing upkeep at Newport. On 22 October, when President Kennedy told the nation that he had initiated "as strict quarantine of all offensive military equipment under shipment to Cuba", she cleared Newport on the night of 22 October, in company with ,  and . After rendezvous with  on the 26th, she operated as a screening vessel and plane guard. Two days later, she was detached to operate on ASW surveillance and, after taking over the task from  and , kept a close watch on contact C-19, a surfaced Soviet submarine. Barry, at this time well east of the "Quarantine" line, kept the Foxtrot-class diesel boat under surveillance until it submerged at 1814 that evening.

Barry remained on the line, carrying out patrols, until 8 November when, during refueling operations with Essex, the destroyer had embarked, via highline transfer, a three-person photographic and interpreter party. Barry, ordered to investigate a Soviet merchantman, proceeded to her station on the 9th and sighted the merchant ship that evening. She closed to within 400 yards (370 m) on the merchantman's starboard quarter, illuminated the ship's quarter and bow, and identified her as the Soviet-registry Metallurg Anosov. Trailing astern, Barry followed the merchant ship, heading east away from the quarantine zone until morning. After dawn, the destroyer closed the merchant to "obtain photographs of deck cargo" until late morning when she shaped course for Essex to refuel and transfer photographic personnel.

1962–1965

With her part in the "Cuban Quarantine" completed, Barry reached Narragansett Bay on 15 November for upkeep. She put out to sea for exercises with Essex on 30 November, ranging as far as Santo Domingo, in the Dominican Republic and San Juan, Puerto Rico, before returning to Newport on 21 December. For the next six months, Barry carried out type-training and ASW exercises before entering the Boston Naval Shipyard in June 1963 for a scheduled interim overhaul period. Later that summer Barry, with midshipmen embarked for at-sea training, cruised the eastern seaboard of the United States. While the midshipmen enjoyed the ports of call, including New York and Halifax, Nova Scotia, they also had to ride out a hurricane off Bermuda.

The year 1964 saw Barry following a similar routine of exercises. On 27 March, while bound to Puerto Rico, the destroyer received a distress call; a serious fire had broken out in the forward hold, from the stores issues ship . Barry'''s fire and rescue party, the first assistance to arrive, helped extinguish the blaze after an 18-hour battle. A short deployment followed, during which Barry participated in a joint NATO exercise with three German destroyers along the Atlantic coast.

In later July, after  lost steering control during a highline transfer and damaged Barry, the destroyer spent a week in Boston Naval Shipyard. Administrative and operational preparations followed and, on 7 September 1964, Barry sailed for a three-and-a-half-month deployment in European and Mediterranean waters. After initial NATO exercises in the Norwegian Sea, during which Barry crossed the Arctic Circle on 21 September, she sailed south for antisubmarine screening with the 6th Fleet. Visits to Valencia and Barcelona, Spain; Palma, Majorca; Marseilles and Toulon, France; and Naples, Italy, provided diversion for the ship's company between U.S. and NATO operations "Teamwork", "Masterstroke", and "Steel Pike I". She returned to Newport on 18 December.

In February 1965, Barry ventured south to the Caribbean for the annual spring training exercises. In June, she acted as an assistant recovery ship for the Gemini 4 space shot. The balance of the summer, highlighted by her winning the Squadron Battle Efficiency "E" for ASW, was spent preparing for the destroyer's first Western Pacific deployment. As the flagship of Destroyer Squadron 24 (DesRon 24), the first group of Atlantic Fleet destroyers to deploy to Vietnam, she departed Newport with , Charles S. Sperry (DD-697), , , and  on 29 September. The Norfolk-based  and Bache accompanied the squadron.

 Vietnam War
Passing through the Panama Canal on 6 October, Barry touched at Hawaii, for a short liberty, and Midway before crossing the International Date Line the night of 25 October. At 0100, the "calendar was advanced to the 27th and 26 October was lost forever". After visiting the Japanese ports of Yokosuka and Sasebo, she reached Subic Bay, in the Philippines, on 17 November, and commenced type training at the Tabones Naval Gunfire Support Range. Barry cleared Subic Bay on 30 November in company with Task Group 77.7, including , , and Samuel B. Roberts for the South China Sea.

Arriving on station at "Point Dixie", off the coast of South Vietnam, Barry screened the nuclear-powered carrier during airstrikes against Viet Cong positions near Bien Hoa and throughout South Vietnam on 2 December. Leaving the carrier to continue these "milk-run" strikes, to allow pilots and crew to become accustomed to combat, Barry was ordered to the South Vietnamese coast for gunfire support duty. Steaming slowly up the Saigon River near Vũng Tàu on the morning of 7 December, she was given orders to bombard Viet Cong positions several miles east of the river. For two days, her 5-inch (127 mm) guns fired on supply points and entrenchments, getting credit from Army air spotters for "excellent target coverage", before moving to the Mekong Delta region. Closing the beach near the coastal town of Cho Phuoc Hai, Barry continued fire missions in support of III and IV Naval Zones. After firing some 1,500 5 inch (127 mm) rounds, including opportunity fire near Ba Dong and south of Bung Tau, the destroyer rejoined TG 77.7 on 15 December.Enterprise, steaming off Da Nang at "Point Yankee", launched a series of strikes at North Vietnamese bridges, roads, and supply centers. Barry, screening the carrier as the task group skirted the Gulf of Tonkin, watched as A-4 Skyhawks and F-4 Phantoms struck at North Vietnamese anti-aircraft and radar defense systems. Further strikes, on 22 December, disabled the Uong Bi power complex, the Hải Dương bridge was bombed the following day, and barges and junks were interdicted offshore. Christmas was spent at sea, during an uneasy and temporary truce, and January 1966 saw a resumption of the bombing campaign. Barry continued plane guard and screen duties until 17 January when the entire task group arrived at Subic Bay.

Alongside , conducting repairs needed after 48 days of continuous combat operations, the destroyer's crew expected a week of upkeep at Subic followed by a liberty in Hong Kong. However, on the very next day, Barry received orders to get underway in 36 hours for "special operations" in South Vietnam. After laboring for two straight nights and a day, the destroyer, assisted by repair crews from Piedmont, managed to reassemble her machinery in time to steam out of Subic Bay the morning of 19 January.

Attached to III Marine Amphibious Force (III MAF), Barry was to provide naval gunfire coverage for the landing of 5,000 Marines on beaches north of Duc Pho in Quảng Ngãi Province on 28 January. Three battalions were landed, by helicopter and landing craft, in the largest combat assault since Inchon during the Korean War. Despite light rain and rough weather, the initial stage of Operation "Double Eagle" was completed in two days. As the Marines moved inland, searching for two suspected NVA regiments, they encountered scattered Viet Cong guerrillas instead. For the next five days, Barry, with the cruiser , provided fire missions for reconnaissance teams, conducted harassing fire at night, and commanded a South Vietnamese junk patrol designed to counter VC coastal infiltration.

Detached south on 5 February, to support 1st Cavalry and ARVN units in Operation "Masher-White Wing", Barry ranged 150 miles (240 km) of coastline, firing harassing missions against Viet Cong positions. Having fired over 700 5 inch (127 mm) rounds in combat and hosting several 1st Cavalry officers aboard, the destroyer departed 15 February for a liberty in Hong Kong.Barry earned two battle stars for her service in the Vietnam War.

 1966–1970
Clearing the British Crown Colony on 25 February, Barry, after rendezvous with the scattered units of Destroyer Squadron (DesRon) 24, sailed for Penang, Malaysia. After refueling on 1 March, and the traditional Shellback ceremony south of Singapore, the destroyers "chopped" to U.S. Atlantic Fleet upon arrival at Cochin, India. A reception by Indian naval officers followed before the squadron proceeded to the British Protectorate of Aden. On 12 March Barry transited the Suez Canal, pushed on to Naples and Barcelona, before stopping to refuel at Gibraltar, B.C.C. After a final fuel stop at Ponta del Gada, Azores, the destroyers steamed into Newport, having circumnavigated the globe, on 8 April 1966.

After a month of leave and tender availability, Barry, and other ships of DesRon 24 conducted two weeks of torpedo firing, gunnery, and engineering training exercises. A brief series of engineering tests were conducted at Boston Naval Shipyard, preparatory to her scheduled overhaul the following January, before a midshipman training cruise and amphibious exercises in June. On 23 July Barry entered the Boston shipyard again to begin a gunnery evaluation project.

The project, a single-ship evaluation of the new Mk 86 fire control system, involved the installation of an optical pulse-compression radar and an experimental gun platform on the destroyer. While in drydock, shipyard personnel also completed long-delayed engineering repairs and installed a new SQS-23 sonar transducer. Departing Boston on 6 September, Barry spent two months operating out of Newport while Lockheed engineers conducted post-installation tests on the new fire control system. An operational evaluation followed in mid-November when the destroyer sailed to Culebra Island in the Caribbean for the shore bombardment phase of the Mk 86 evaluation. On 5 December, Barry departed for Naval Station Mayport, Florida, and the surface firing evaluation in the Jacksonville Operating Area. Despite bad weather and typical "teething" problems, the tedious process was successfully finished on 15 December.

Entering Boston Naval Shipyard on 4 January 1967 for overhaul and ASW conversion, Barry was decommissioned on 31 January. She received, after a fifteen-month alteration, a variable depth sonar array (VDS), an antisubmarine rocket launcher (ASROC), a new combat information center (CIC), an enclosed bridge, and completely overhauled propulsion and electrical systems. Recommissioned 19 April 1968, Commander Thomas H. Sherman in command, Barry conducted post-overhaul equipment shakedown and shipyard availability for the following year.

On 26 May 1969, after rearming her weapons systems, the destroyer departed for a six-week Caribbean cruise. A week of weapon calibration off St. Croix, and two weeks of refresher training at Guantanamo Bay was followed by a Bar Harbor, Maine, port visit in late July. After rendezvous with  ASW Group (HUK), the destroyer steamed to European waters for a four-month North Atlantic deployment. In between NATO exercises, including Arctic Circle operations, she visited Antwerp, Oslo, Bergen, and Le Havre for goodwill visits before sailing for Newport on 1 December. Three days later, appropriately while on plane guard duty, Barry rescued the crew of a disabled helicopter.

For the next two years, except for a brief October 1970 deployment to Greece in response to the Jordanian-PLO conflict, the destroyer operated on a routine schedule of type training, operational exercises, port visits, and annual midshipmen cruises. After a three-month regular yard period in early 1972, Barry conducted refresher training, gunfire support qualifications, and ASROC antisubmarine rocket firing tests in the Caribbean. Then, as part of a new forward deployment program, Barry began preparations to change her home port to Athens, Greece.

 1972–1976
Departing 18 August, she joined the 6th Fleet at Rota, Spain, before sailing into Athens on 1 September. There she joined DESRON 12 along with USS Sampson, USS Richard Byrd, USS William Wood, USS Manley, and USS Vreeland. Following a month-long stand down to settle crew and dependents in new housing, Barry began intensive Fleet operations. NATO exercises with Greek and Turkish ships; goodwill port visits to Italy, Spain, Turkey, and Greece; and ASW training, highlighted by the surfacing of a Soviet Foxtrot-class diesel submarine on 11 January, continued well into 1973.

On 3 July, Barry received an upgrade to her AN/SQS-23 sonar at Hellenic Shipyards, Athens. Port visits to Istanbul, Turkey and Thessaloniki, Greece. In October, Barry was undergoing repairs in the shipyard in Parama, Greece. All hands were recalled to the ship during the night to begin the assembly of the ship in preparation for deployment as an ASW screen ship for the Marine Landing Battalion stationed off the Suez in response to the Soviet naval buildup during the Arab–Israeli war. After receiving clearance to operate Barry steamed to join the 6th Fleet's Amphibious Task Forces. On 16 November, while on reserve station south of Crete, a Marine CH-46 helicopter from  lost engine power during a routine flight while hovering above Barry. With crew members aboard, the craft crashed into the destroyer's ASROC deck, rolled over the starboard side, and almost immediately sank. No one on Barry was injured. The ship's motor whaleboat rescued two members of the three helicopter crew. The ship was immediately sent back to flight quarters to receive a flight surgeon by helicopter to treat the injured airman. Barry returned to Athens for Thanksgiving before resuming further contingency operations, mostly as a carrier escort, which lasted until the end of the year.

The destroyer conducted standard patrol operations in 1974. 1974 was highlighted by the commissioning of the US Naval pier in Elefsis, Greece, allowing the ship to go cold iron while in port—providing much-needed relief to the ship and the crew, which had been steaming near continuously since the ship had departed Newport. While anchored in Phalron Bay, in July Barry witnessed the Greek fleet sortie from its base at Salamis with the outbreak of hostilities in the Cyprus Crisis. Barry evacuated approximately 50 military personnel and others from Athens to Naples, Italy and then returned to the Aegean for a month of tense operations during the Cyprus crisis of August and the tracking of an active sonar contact while Admiral James L. Holloway, CNO, was aboard on 19 September. After NATO Exercise "Sardinia 75" in April, including type training with Italian ships, Barry began preparations to leave Athens after the Greek government canceled the naval station agreement.

Departing 20 July, after 36 months of forward deployment, the destroyer steamed via Villefranche-sur-Mer, France; Palma de Mallorca and Rota, Spain, before arriving at Philadelphia on 20 August. The remainder of the year was spent in port. During this period Barry received the Arleigh Burke award, which was presented by Admiral Isaac Kidd, first CO of Barry. Except for her participation in the 200th Navy birthday celebration in New York City, the remainder of the year was spent conducting training exercises or in port. In February 1976, after a three-week ASW training cruise off the coast of Rhode Island, she entered Philadelphia Naval Shipyard for her first major overhaul period since 1968.

 1977–1979 Barry remained in the yard until 9 February 1977, when she departed for sea trials. She transferred her homeport to Naval Station Mayport, Florida, on 4 March and began a series of shakedown exercises, including weapons qualifications training, that culminated in her fifth deployment to the Mediterranean. She rendezvoused with the carrier  on 29 September, steamed to Lisbon, Portugal, and then on to Naples, Italy, before joining 6th Fleet operations. On the night of 10 November, Barry assisted in the successful rescue, primarily with boats and searchlights, of two crewmembers of an aircraft that had ditched on approach to America. After several missile exercises, ASW training, and a port visit to Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, Barry finished out her year moored alongside  in Naples, Italy.

Following a routine visit to Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, Barry steamed through the Straits of Messina in response to an Eastern Mediterranean cruise by units of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet. Between 24 January and 3 February 1978, the destroyer shadowed the  (TAKR) and  (PKR) Task Group while it operated in the Levantine Basin. Barry observed and evaluated Kievs underway replenishment ability, flight operations and sea-keeping characteristics before returning to Italy. Following "Exercise Sardinia 78", part of NATO's National Week XIV, Barry began a series of exercises off Sicily and Valencia, Spain, before departing for Mayport, Florida, on 14 April. Underway again in late June, the destroyer operated in the Mayport and Chesapeake Bay areas until early August when she prepared for a northern European cruise. Departing on 22 August, as part of Exercise "Common Effort", Barry helped demonstrate NATO's capability to replenish Europe by sea. Operation "Northern Wedding", a major NATO exercise, took place in early September and was followed by a routine port visit to Copenhagen, Denmark. Another NATO exercise, "BALTOP's 78", took place in the Skagerrak and Baltic Sea with units from Germany, the Netherlands, and Norway, through 3 October. Barry then sailed to Helsinki, Finland, her first visit since 1960, before port visits at Bremen, Germany, and Amsterdam, Netherlands. She also stopped at Middlesbrough, United Kingdom, for the Captain James Cook (RN) Festival, before sailing for home. After a brief stop at the Azores to refuel, the destroyer arrived at Mayport on 8 November for upkeep.

The new year began with ASW and naval gunfire support operations off Jacksonville and Puerto Rico until February when Barry underwent repair and maintenance availability in preparation for another Mediterranean deployment. In company with Battle Group 2 (BG2), the destroyer reached Gibraltar on 24 March to begin a series of port visits. On a routine cruise to "show the flag", the ship visited Tunis, Tunisia; Crotone, Italy; Monaco; Toulon, France; and La Spezia, Italy, before participating in National Week XXV with Italian naval units.

Underway on 2 June 1979, in company with , Barry sailed for the Suez Canal, transiting the waterway on 6 June en route to Djibouti. After a refueling stop and detaching from Sampson, she proceeded to Karachi, Pakistan, for a routine port visit. On arrival on 16 June, she flew the flag of Rear Admiral Samuel H. Packer II, Commander Middle East Forces. Due to the revolutionary events in Iran, the Islamic Republic having been declared 1 April, Barrys next orders deployed her into the Persian Gulf to support American civilians/personnel in Iran and reassure friendly countries in the region. Arriving at Bahrain on 23 June, she underwent repair availability before starting patrol operations in the Persian Gulf on 4 July. After a port visit to Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, she conducted surveillance and counter-terrorism patrols in the Straits of Hormuz. Joined by the Sultanate of Oman Navy in these patrols and interspersed with fuel stops at Muscat, Oman and Sitrah, Bahrain, Barry continued routine patrols until 31 July when she departed for Djibouti. After a brief fuel stop, she then stopped in Victoria, Seychelles for a port visit before rendezvousing with Sampson and  on 20 August for a return to the Mediterranean. She transited the Suez Canal on 25 August and then visited Barcelona, Spain, eventually rejoining BG-2 at Rota, Spain. Underway for Mayport, Florida, the destroyer arrived home on 21 September for post-deployment leave and upkeep. The remainder of the year was spent conducting local operations out of Mayport and preparing for a scheduled overhaul the following year.

 1980–1982
On 17 January 1980, Barrys homeport was changed to Boston, and the following day, she entered Bethlehem Steel Shipyard, Boston, for a year-long regular overhaul. Once hull maintenance began, the crew moved into quarters ashore as extensive repair and overhaul of the engineering plant, electronic suite, and weapons systems were performed. The ship departed drydock on 7 August and moored alongside Pier #2 to complete the remaining repair work. Ultimately, Barry got underway on 31 March 1981 for her shakedown. Over the next few months, the ship ranged from Newport to the Virginia Capes, working to rejoin the fleet, spending much of that time on local operations in the Narragansett Bay area. While conducting further refresher training in the Bahamas and at Guantanamo Bay, operations were suddenly canceled when the ship received a message directing her to return to Newport to prepare for a Middle East deployment.Barry steamed for her assignment on 10 November 1981, bound for Hamilton, Bermuda on the first leg of her transit of the Atlantic. The ship sailed for the Azores and thence into the Mediterranean, ultimately transiting the Suez Canal on 26–27 November. Joining an Amphibious Readiness Group (ARG) formed around , , and , Barry helped escort these ships through the Bab el Mandeb Straits on the 29th. Steaming separately, the destroyer touched at Djibouti for fuel on 30 November, before joining with the battle group formed around  on 1 December.Barry remained with that unit for a week, acting as a screen and naval gunfire support ship during Operation "Bright Star '82". Following the exercise, the destroyer escorted the ARG's ships back through the Straits of Bab el Mandeb before Barry proceeded down to Mombasa, Kenya, arriving there on 21 December. She remained at Mombasa for the remainder of 1981, departing the Kenyan port on 2 January 1982 to head back to the Persian Gulf. Patrol operations in the Persian Gulf lasted until 9 March, when the destroyer headed home. She reached Newport, via Málaga, Spain, on 9 April.

Over the ensuing months, Barrys schedule of operations was fairly light; she provided support for the American Sail Training Association's "Tall Ships '82" race, visited Bristol, R.I., and served as escort and host ship for the Italian cruiser Duilio during that ship's visit to New York City and Philadelphia.

As part of a destroyer replacement program, on 1 September, the ship commenced her final decommissioning stand down in Newport, and on 5 November 1982, Barry was decommissioned. Five days later, under tow of , she was on her way to the Inactive Ship Facility at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, reaching that facility on 12 November 1982.

 Museum ship, 1984–2015

After Barry's decommissioning, retired Admiral Arleigh Burke advocated that a U.S. Navy display ship be moored at the Washington Navy Yard on the Anacostia River in Washington, D.C. The Navy chose Barry. She was towed from the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. She arrived at her mooring at the Washington Navy Yard () on 18 November 1983. After volunteers repainted the ship and installed museum displays aboard her, Barry opened to the public as Display Ship Barry (DS Barry) in 1984, co-located with the National Museum of the United States Navy but administratively separate from the museum. She served as a distinctive attraction for visitors to the historic area, her former ASROC magazine converted to a display area and with some of her internal areas opened for visitors to tour, including the machine repair shop, the crew berthing room, the wardroom, the mess deck, the bridge, and the combat information center (CIC).

In her early years as a museum ship, DS Barry was a popular attraction, becoming a regular stop for tour buses and school groups; in 1990 alone, 500,000 people visited her. She frequently hosted retirement ceremonies for U.S. Navy officers on her after deck. She also appeared briefly in the background of many television programs; for example, she appeared in two episodes of the CBS television drama NCIS, "Dead Reflections," which aired on 12 April 2011, and "Newborn King," which aired on 13 December 2011.NCIS, Newborn King, aired on 13 December 2011.

 Disposal

The number of visitors to DS Barry began to decline after 1990, and by 2015 had dwindled to only about 10,000 people per year. Although Barrys hull remained seaworthy, it had begun to deteriorate. She required about $2 million in repairs and renovations, an amount the U.S. Navy deemed unaffordable given the low annual number of visitors. Meanwhile, the District of Columbia government had made plans to replace the existing Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge, a swing bridge, with a new bridge, construction of which was to begin in October 2015. The District of Columbia considered replacing the Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge with another swing bridge but found that adding a swing capability to the new bridge would add $140 million to its cost plus an additional $100,000 per year for maintenance; instead, the city government opted for a fixed-span bridge that, when complete, would trap Barry in the Anacostia River.

For all these reasons, the U.S. Navy decided to close DS Barry and tow her away for scrapping before construction of the new bridge advanced to the point of trapping her in the Anacostia River. During the summer of 2015, representatives of the U.S. Navy's Naval History and Heritage Command, followed by representatives of approved non-profit museum ships, visited Barry and removed artifacts from her for display elsewhere, with communications gear being the most popular items. A formal departure ceremony for the ship hosted by Naval Support Activity Washington, attended by more than 50 former Barry crew members and featuring a speech by retired Rear Admiral Sam Cox, director of the Naval History and Heritage Command, took place on 17 October 2015 in the Cold War gallery at the Washington Navy Yard.

On 7 May 2016, DS Barry had her masts cut down and, with a mixed caretaker crew of U.S. Navy and towing company personnel aboard was towed from the Washington Navy Yard by the commercial tugs Emily Ann, Meagan Ann, and Thomas D. Witte. As the ship was towed down the Anacostia River to the Potomac River, a Washington, D.C., fireboat saluted her with a water cannon display, and Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling played the U.S. Navy anthem "Anchors Aweigh" over loudspeakers ashore. Barry was to make a 50-hour journey via the Potomac River, Chesapeake Bay, Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, and Delaware River to the inactive ship facility at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, from which she had been towed to Washington in 1983. There she would be mothballed and sold for scrapping.Ruanne, Michael E., "'Bye Barry': Washington bids farewell to an old destroyer," washingtonpost.com, May 7, 2016, 4:24 p.m. EDT. Scrapping was completed by 11 February 2022.

 Awards

Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, 17 July 1958 to 25 July 1958, 1958 Lebanon crisis
Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, 29 July 1958 to 1 August 1958, Lebanon
Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, 11 August 1958 to 20 August 1958, Lebanon
Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, 27 August 1958 to 31 August 1958, Lebanon
National Defense Service Medal, 1 January 1961 to 14 August 1974
Navy Expeditionary Medal, 1 December 1961 to 16 December 1961, Cuba
Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, 24 October 1962 to 1 November 1962, Cuban Missile Crisis
Vietnam Service Medal, 27 November 1965 to 30 December 1965
Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal, 1 December 1965 to 31 December 1965
Meritorious Unit Commendation, 7 October 1970 to 18 October 1970, Jordanian-PLO conflict

 Gallery

 References

 External links

 Haze Gray & Underway Photo Feature USS Barry (DD-933)
 USS Barry—Photos on board the destroyer USS Barry'' DD-933 at the US Navy Museum in Washington, D.C.

1955 ships
Cold War destroyers of the United States
Defunct museums in Washington, D.C.
Forrest Sherman-class destroyers
Military and war museums in Washington, D.C.
Museum ships in Washington, D.C.
Museums established in 1984
Ships built in Bath, Maine
Vietnam War destroyers of the United States
Washington Navy Yard

USS Barry (DD-933)


Bosau er en by og kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Großer Plöner See under Kreis Østholsten (resten af amtet ligger i Kreis Plön). Kreis Østholsten ligger i den østlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Bosau er beliggende i Naturpark Holsteinische Schweiz på østbredden af Großer Plöner Sees sydlige ende; nord for byen ligger en bugt af Großen Plöner See ved navn Bischofssee. I nærheden ligger byerne Plön og Eutin; Hansestaden Lübeck og delstatshovedstaden Kiel ligger begge 35 km væk.

Højeste punkt i kommunen er det 87,6 meter høje Mühlenberg ved landsbyen Brackrade.

I kommunen ligger ud over Bosau, landsbyerne og bebyggelserne Bichel, Braak, Brackrade, Hassendorf, Hutzfeld, Kiekbusch, Kleinneudorf, Klenzau, Liensfeld, Löja, Majenfelde, Quisdorf, Thürk og Wöbs.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Byens websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Østholsten

Bosau


لويس دي كارلوس أحد رؤساء ريال مدريد من 1978 إلى 1985. تم انتخابه بعد وفات الرئيس السابقسانتياغو برنابيو. وخلال فترة رئاسته فاز الفريق ببطولتين دوري وبطولتين لكأس الملك ولكنه فشل في الفوز ببطولة دوري الأبطال عام 1981 بعد وصول الفريق للنهائي ولكنه خسر أمام نادي ليفربول الإنجليزي بنتيجة 1-0.

ولم يرشح نفسه لانتخابات النادي الرئاسية بعد انتهاء فترته عام 1985 والتي فاز بها رامون ميندوزا.

مراجع

أشخاص من مدريد
دي كارلوس، لويس
مسيرون رياضيون إسبان
مواليد 1907
مواليد في مدريد
وفيات 1994

لويس دي كارلوس


An Scleria virgata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel. An Scleria virgata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Scleria, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Scleria

Scleria virgata


ساعي البريد هو فيلم أمريكي من إنتاج شركة وارنر براذرز وإنتاج وإخراج وتمثيل كيفن كوستنر عن الرواية بنفس الاسم الفائزة بأدب الخيال العلمي لديفد برين عام 1985، وينتمي الفيلم لصنف أفلام ما بعد دمار الحضارة الإنسانية وهي ثاني تجربة لكوستنر في هذا المجال بعد فيلم عالم المياه. وتم تصوير الفيلم في شمال شرق ولاية واشنطن (شلالات ميتالين)، وجزيرة فيدالجو في واشنطن، وأواسط ولاية أوريغون وتوسن، أريزونا. وشارك في بطولة الفيلم ويل باتون، لارنز تيت، أوليفيا وليامز، جيمس روسو، دانيال فون بارغن، توم بيتي، سكوت بيرستو، روبرتا ماكسويل، ماري ستيوارت ماسترسون وجورج واينر.

وتدور أحداث الفيلم في شمال غرب الولايات المتحدة بعد نهاية العالم لسبب غير محدد أثر بشكل كبير على الحضارة البشرية. بطل القصة هو أحد الناجين الرحل الذي يهرب من جيش أحد أمراء الحرب ويجد نفسه دون قصد شخصية محبوبة تعيد الأمل لتحقيق السلام.

وأصدر الفيلم في يوم عيد الميلاد عام 1997 من قبل وارنر براذرز.

قصة الفيلم

في عام 2013، ينهار المجتمع العالمي والحضارة بسبب حرب نووية (وتبين فيما بعد أنه كانت هناك حرب في أوروبا أيضا)، وتبقى بعدها مجموعات متناثرة من التجمعات السكنية الباقية. يأتي في هذه القفار رحالة (كيفن كوستنر) يتجول في سهول ولاية أوريغون، ويقوم بعروض لمسرحيات شكسبير مع بغله في البلدات التي يصل إليها مقابل الغذاء والماء. وفي ذات الوقت يظهر جيش من الفاشييين الجدد يقوده جنرال يدعى بيثليهيم (ويل باتون)، والذين يأخذون المؤن والرجال، فيجندون الممثل قسرا. وهذا الجيش يدعى الهولنيين وهم بقايا جيش شكله قائدهم ناثان هولن، وهو مزارع تحول إلى جنرال، الذي توفي قبل فترة طويلة. وأصبح بيثليهيم (والذي كان بائعا لآلات النسخ) قائد الجيش منذ ذلك الوقت.

يتم وسم كل جندي في بالرقم "8". ولدى بيثليهيم تابع مخلص وقاسي يدعى النقيب أيداهو (جيمس روسو). ويتم تنظيم الجنود عن طريق الخوف، والموت هو العقوبة الوحيدة. يرى بيثليهيم في الممثل تهديدا وشيئا ثمينا في نفس الوقت، ويرجع ذلك إلى ذكائه وثقته بنفسه. يلقبه الجنرال باسم «شكسبير»، وذلك بسبب مقدرته على الاقتباس من كلام الكاتب المسرحي. لكن الممثل لم يحب القائد ولا يريد للقتال في الجيش. كان يعلم أنه سيُقتل إذا هرب، فيصبر في انتظار الفرصة المناسبة.

في النهاية يتم اختيار «شكسبير» في رحلة لصيد أسد شوهد في وقت سابق. فيعثر على جثة كشاف ويعود بها، ثم يتحين الفرصة فيهرب بالقفز نحو النهر. يلتجئ لاحقا في عربة لنقل البريد مع الهيكل العظمي لساعي البريد الذي كان فيها، ويأخذ كيسا من الرسائل غير المسلمة، ويقرأ بعضا من الرسائل ويتدفأ بزي ساعي البريد الميت. يقوم بدفن الساعي الميت وينطلق في طريقه، ويصل إلى مستوطنة في جنوب أوريغون تدعى باينفيو. يدعي الجوال أنه ساعي بريد حقيقي من الحكومة المعادة حديثا. وادعى أنه تم تأسيس العاصمة الجديدة في مينيابوليس والتي يقودها رئيس جديد يدعى ريتشارد ستاركي (وهو الاسم الحقيقي لرينغو ستار). لم يتمكن في البداية من إقناعهم، إلا أنه عثر في حقيبته على رسالة موجهة إلى إحدى ساكنات البلدة، كتبتها شقيقتها في دنفر قبل 15 عاما. في حين أن البعض كان مشككا، فقد استطاع إقناع الأغلبية التي أرادت أن تؤمن بالأمة المعادة حديثا. فقاموا بإعطاء ساعي البريد المزيد من الرسائل ليقدمها.

ألهم ساعي البريد مراهقا يدعى فورد لينكون ميركوري (لارنز تيت)، وأقسم أمامه بالقسم المزيف لخدمة البريد المعادة. في إحدى الليالي، أتت لساعي البريد امرأة تدعى آبي (أوليفيا ويليامز)، وهي امرأة تريد تحمل منه بسبب عقم زوجها. تردد ساعي البريد في البداية، ولكن قضى الليل معها بوافقة زوجها. هرب ساعي البريد بعدها من المدينة. يلأتي الجنرال بيثليهيم بغتة إلى باينفيو بعد عدة أيام ويعلم بخبر «ساعي البريد» وحكاياته عن الحكومة المعادة. ويعتبر الأمر خيانة، دون أن يدرك أن «شكسبير» و«ساعي البريد» في الواقع هما نفس الرجل.

يقوم بيثليهيم بحرق العلم الأمريكي ومكتب البريد الجديد. ثم يقوم لاحقا بقتل زوج آبي عندما رفض السماح له بممارسة الجنس معها. يتقابل بيثليهيم مع ساعي البريد خلال معركة في مدينة أخرى تدعى بينينغ والتي وقف أهلها في وجه الجنرال. أنقذت آبي من جيش بيثليهيم، وهرب الاثنان بصعوبة إلى الجبال المحيطة، لكن ساعي البريد تلقى جرحا بالغا.

يختبئ ساعي البريد وآبي في كوخ مهجور في الجبال. أراد ساعي البردي البقاء هناك وتجنب المتاعب، إلا أن آبي تقنعه بالعودة. وتخبره آبي أنها حامل منه. عندما يحل الربيع، ويعبران الجبال ويقابلان فتاة زعمت أنها ساعية بريد. وتبين أن فورد لينكون ميركوري غادر باينفيو ونظم الخدمات البريدية بنفسه، وربط التجمعات السكنية في المنطقة. وهم يساعدون البلدات والمستوطنات على التواصل ونشر حكايات خيالية حول الحكومة المعادة.

أمر بيثليهيم بإعدام سعاة البريد، وتصاعدت المعارك إلى حرب. وحصل ساعي البريد على مساعدة من محارب قديم في حرب فيتنام، والذي علّمه خطط حرب العصابات. ومع ذلك، فإن أغلب السعاة كانوا في معظمهم من المراهقين ضد عدو أفضل عدة وعتادا. وأثار ارتفاع عدد الضحايا قلق ساعي البريد فأمر بحلّ خدمة البريد. وكتب رسالة أخيرة سلمت إلى بيثليهيم، قائلا أن خدمة البريد قد انتهت وكذلك الحكومة المعادة. تطوع فورد لتسليم الرسالة، وهو يعلم أنه سيقتل بعدها. قرأ بيثليهيم الرسالة ولكنه لم يصدق أن الأمر انتهى، وخطط لقتل فورد وساعٍ آخر قبض عليه. التقي فورد مع الساعي الآخر الذي قدم نفسه على أنه ساعي بريد من كاليفورنيا، وهذا يعني أن مناطق أخرى من البلاد وبدأت تعمل نحو إعادة الحكومة (من المحتمل أنها استوحت قدوة ساعي البريد). يدرك بيثليهيم أن فكرة إعادة البناء خرجت عن السيطرة ولم يعد قادرا على احتوائها، وأن قتل فورد لن يفعل شيئا. قرر إبقاء فورد كرهينة، ولكنه أعدم الساعي الآخر.

قرر ساعي البريد وآبي ومجموعة صغيرة من السعاة السفر غربا، بعيدا عن أرض الهولنيين. فيصلون إلى مدينة تدعى بريدج سيتي بنيت على جدار سد قديم. ويديرها أحد المشاهير من قبل الحرب، هو توم بيتي (وإن لم يذكر بالاسم، ولكنه ألمح إلى أنه «كان شهيرا ذات مرة»). بدا أنه كان محاصرا بين السد وكشافة بيثليهيم، يقوم قائد المدينة بمساعدة ساعي البريد بالفرار في عربة كابل لإيجاد متطوعين لقتال قوات بيثليهيم. وقبل أن يغادر، يقضى ساعي البريد وآبي لحظاتهما الأخيرة معا.

يجمع ساعي البريد عددا كبيرا من المتطوعين في محاولة أخيرة لإنهاء الصراع. استعمل خطاب الملك هنري الخامس قبل معركة أجينكورت، وتمكن من حشد قواته. ومع ذلك، لم يكن يريد أي خسائر فعلية في المعركة، فيقوم ساعي البريد بتحدي بيثليهيم شخصيا على زعامة الهولنيين، حيث طالب بحقه في «القانون 7»، الذي تعلمه في الفترة التي قضاها في الجيش. وينص القانون على أي عضو من الهولنيين يمكنه تحدي الزعيم، وإذا انتصر يأخذ مكانه. يدرك بيثليهيم وقتها أن ساعي البريد و«شكسبير» هما نفس الرجل، ويقبل التحدي ولكنه يهزم. ولأنه لا يقبل الهزيمة منه، ويحاول إطلاق النار على ساعي البريد، ولكنه قتل على يد الضابط الأول السابق غيتي (جو سانتوس). يسلم الضابط نفسه لساعي البريد، وتبعه بقية الهولنيين. وبعد أن استقرت آبي مع ساعي البريد في بريدج سيتي، ولدت طفلة سمتها هوب.

وتنتهي القصة بعد 30 عاما، عندما تحضر هوب (ماري ستيوارت ماسترسون)، حفلا تكريميا في سانت روز، أوريغون، لوالدها الراحل. يظهر في المشهد أن البلاد عادت في تقدمها لما كانت عليه قبل الحرب من الملابس الحديثة وعلامات التكنولوجيا الحديثة. وكشف النقاب عن تمثال نقش تحته، «أوصل رسالة أمل تبناها جيل جديد». ويحدق رجل وزوجته في التمثال ساعي البريد وهو يأخذ رسالة من صبي صغير، مرددا لمشهد سابق في الفيلم، ويهمس الرجل بهدوء، «كان ذلك الصبي أنا».

توزيع الأدوار
 كيفن كوستنر – ساعي البريد.
 ويل باتون – جنرال بيثليهيم.
 لارنز تايت – فورد لينكون ميركوري.
 أوليفيا وليامز – آبي.
 جيمس روسو – النقيب آيداهو.
 دانييل فون بارغن – العمدة بريسكو.
 توم بيتي – عمدة بريدج سيتي.
 جيوفاني ريبيسي - اللص رقم 20.
 كما اشترك مع كوستنر ثلاثة من أولاده هم ليلي وآني وجو.

ديفد برين عن الفيلم
كشف المؤلف ديفيد برين على موقعه الشخصي، بأنه في الوقت الذي كانت فيه الاستوديوهات تزايد على رواية ساعي البريد، قررت زوجته أن يكون كيفن كوستنر هو من يمثل ساعي البريد، وكان ذلك أثناء تصويره لفيلم حقل الأحلام. وافق برين حيث قال بأن العواطف التي مثلها في فيلم حقل الأحلام تماشت مع الرسالة التي كان ينوي إيصالها بروايته. بعد عقد من الزمن، وبعد الموافقة على اختيار كوستنر في دور البطولة، قال برين أنه تحمس للموضوع – وبالذات عندما كان تفسير كوستنر لرواية ساعي البريد مشابها لتفسير برين. تخلص كوستنر من النص القديم (الذي عكس فيه الرسالة الأخلاقية للرواية) وعين كاتب النصوص بريان هيلغلاند؛ وقال برين أن كلاهما «أنقذ 'روح' الشخصية المركزية» وأرجعوا رسالة القصة لتتكلم عن الأمل.

في مقابلة مع مترو قبل بداية التصوير، أبدى برين أمله بأن يترك ساعي البريد إحساسا بالخير مثل حقل الأحلام عوضا عن فيلم عالم المياه، وقال بأنه، خلافا لأفلام ما بعد الدمار التقليدية التي ترضي «خيال الأولاد بالسيطرة على عالم لا قواعد فيه»، فالمغزى المقصود من ساعي البريد «أنه إذا فقدنا حضارتنا، فسندرك جميعنا كم نفتقدها، وندرك وجود معجزة بسيطة وهي أن تحصل على بريدك كل يوم»

الاستقبال

تلقى ساعي البريد تقييمات سلبية. أعطى ستيفن هولدن في نيويورك تايمز تقييما قاسيا وانتقد الفيلم بسبب «عاطفيته المزيفة» و«نعرته القومية الصبيانية». كما وصف روجر إيبرت ساعي البريد بأنه «طيب القلب ولكنه أحمق ومدعي». مع هذا اعترف إيبرت بالفيلم كأمثولة فاشلة، وقال أن المشاهدين «يجب ألا يلوموهم على المحاولة». في برنامج «على الأفلام»، أعطى جين سيسكل وإيبرت الفيلم «إبهامين نحو الأسفل»، وسماه سيسكل «الرقص مع نفسي» (في إشارة بفيلم كوستنر الحائز على الأوسكار الرقص مع الذئاب) وفي إشارة إلى مشهد التمثال البرونزي.

طبقا لموقع الطماطم الفاسدة، أعطى النقاد الفيلم 9% كتقييم إيجابي مستندة على 31 تقييم، بتقدير نقدي متوسط يبلغ 3.8 من 10. وأعطى ميتاكريتيك الفيلم درجة 29 من 100 مستند على 14 تقييم.

كان فشل الفيلم بارزا أيضا في شباك التذاكر. فقد أنتج بميزانية تبلغ 80 مليون تقريبا، وكانت عائداته أقل من 18 مليون.

سخرت عائلة سيمبسون من ساعي البريد في حلقة من عام 1999 «مونتي لا يشتري لي الحب»، حيث تشاهد ليسا الفيلم على دي في دي في متجر عملاق جديد. يظهر الفيلم بينما ساعي البريد يمشي بدون هدف، مع صوت كوستنر يعتذر عن الفيلم مرارا وتكرارا على سجلات التعليق.

الترشيحات والجوائز

مصادر

وصلات خارجية

 The Postman: The Movie, an impression by the author of the original novel, by David Brin.

أفلام أمريكية في عقد 1990
أفلام أمريكية
أفلام إنتاج 1997
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية في عقد 1990
أفلام تاريخ بديل أمريكية
أفلام تقع أحداثها في 2013
أفلام تقع أحداثها في 2043
أفلام تقع أحداثها في أوريغون
أفلام تقع أحداثها في المستقبل
أفلام حركة مغامرات أمريكية
أفلام حركة مغامرات في عقد 1990
أفلام خيال علمي وحركة أمريكية
أفلام خيال علمي مغامرات أمريكية
أفلام خيال علمي وحركة عقد 1990
أفلام ديستوبيا
أفلام عن الإرهاب
أفلام عن الرقابة
أفلام كتب نصها السينمائي إريك روث
أفلام ما بعد نهاية العالم
أفلام مبنية على زمن العنصرية
أفلام مبنية على كتب
أفلام مصورة في أريزونا
أفلام مصورة في بيند (أوريغون)
أفلام مصورة في واشنطن (ولاية)
أفلام مقتبسة من روايات خيال علمي
أفلام من إخراج كيفن كوستنر
أفلام مناهضة للفاشية
أفلام وارنر برذرز
الخدمة البريدية للولايات المتحدة في الخيال
كو كلوكس كلان في الثقافة الشعبية
موسيقى تصويرية لأفلام لحنها جيمس نيوتن هاورد

ساعي البريد (فيلم)


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Astfel, ca o chestiune practică și etică, un șofer treaz este o persoană care se abține de la alcool la o ocazie socială pentru a-și conduce acasă însoțitorii în condiții de siguranță ca o alternativă la condusul sub influența alcoolului. Pentru a încuraja aceste înțelegeri, unii proprietari de baruri, restaurante și cluburi de noapte vor oferi băuturi răcoritoare gratuite sau cu preț redus șoferilor treji.

Istoric
Conceptul de "Șofer Treaz" a apărut în Scandinavia în anii 1920 și a cunoscut dezvoltarea în anii 1980. Programul a fost introdus în Canada în 1986 de către Hiram Walker și Sons ca "Programul șofer treaz al clubului canadian". Programul a fost acceptat cu ușurință și sprijinit de poliție, Mamele împotriva condusului în stare de ebrietate, industria ospitalității și publicul.

Acest concept a fost adoptat în Statele Unite în 1988, în baza Harvard Alcohol Project, la inițiativa facultății de sănătate de la Universitatea Harvard. Cu participarea masivă a televiziunii și studiourilor de la Hollywood, proiectul a popularizat ideea campaniei prin mesaje de interes public. Departamentul de Transport al SUA în reclamele sale a folosit expresia "Prieteni, nu lăsați prietenii să conducă beți".

Cu un număr mare de organizații non-guvernamentale, ideea de "Șofer Treaz", a câștigat importanță națională în Statele Unite ale Americii. Potrivit sondajelor de opinie, oamenii folosesc tot mai mult ideea de "șofer treaz". Acesta este considerat principalul factor în reducerea numărului de accidente legate de alcool în Statele Unite în anii 1988-1994.

Începând cu anul 2005, compania de băuturi alcoolice Diageo a folosit un concept similar în Brazilia pentru a descuraja conducerea în stare de ebrietate. Chemat Piloto da Vez, campania s-a născut cu sponsorizarea lui McLaren, Juan Pablo Montoya, Mika Häkkinen și Lewis Hamilton ce au participat la campanie.

În 2018 conceptul de șofer desemnat a fost extins la autoturismele autonome. O companie, Designated.io, se oferă să accepte riscul legal de auto-conducere a autoturismelor și de a fi conducătorul legal.

Impedimente
Deși serviciul șofer treaz este popular, unele grupurile nu reușesc să le folosească în mod corespunzător. Adesea, există un eșec al acestor grupuri de a desemna conducătorul auto treaz înainte de a face pregătirile de călătorie și de a ajunge în vehicule separate.

Note

Profilaxie
Alcoolism

Șofer treaz


João Henriques Moniz (Funchal, 16 de julho de 1790 - Praia, 1 de julho de 1847) foi um prelado português da Igreja Católica, bispo de Santiago de Cabo Verde.

Biografia
Filho de José Moniz e de Catarina do Socorro, matriculou-se em cânones na Universidade de Coimbra, onde se formou em 1822. Foi ordenado padre em 9 de março de 1816. Foi enviado para o Cabo Verde em 1830, como deportado político, por conta de suas ideias, e estabeleceu-se na Ilha Brava, onde fundou uma escola para ambos sexos. Em 1835, foi nomeado governador do bispado e a partir de julho de 1839, fez as funções de pároco da Ilha Brava, por falta de sacerdotes na região.

Em 27 de novembro de 1840, foi eleito como bispo de Santiago de Cabo Verde. Contudo, dada as relações rompidas com a Santa Sé naquele momento, seu nome foi confirmado apenas em 24 de novembro de 1845 e, em 12 de julho de 1846, foi consagrado por Dom Manuel José da Costa, bispo de Leiria.

Voltou à Sé em 25 de fevereiro de 1847, mas lá chegando, teve problemas com o governador e com o cabido da Sé. Os cônegos não lhe reconheceram e nem deram posse, e o governador não entregou as propriedades da Mitra nem mandou lhe pagar as côngruas.

Doente, cheio de desgostos e sem meios de subsistir, morreu na vila da Praia, em 1 de julho de 1847, sendo enterrado no cemitério municipal, sem as pompas fúnebres dignas dos bispos.

Bibliografia

Ligações externas

Naturais do Funchal
Bispos católicos de Cabo Verde
Bispos católicos de Portugal

João Henriques Moniz


Selma Lagerlöf (d. 20 Kasım 1858, Marbacka, İsveç - ö. 16 Mart 1940, Marbacka, İsveç) İsveçli yazardır. Efsane ve masallara dayanan yapıtlarıyla tanınmıştır. Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü'nü alan hem ilk kadın yazar, hem de ilk İsveçli yazardır.

Hayatı

1858 yılında på Värmland'da Marbacka adlı bir çiftlikte dünyaya geldi. Çocukken geçirdiği bir hastalık yüzünden bir süre sakat kaldı. Dönemin geleneklerine göre evde özel eğitim gördü. 1882 sonbaharında babasının rızası olmadan Stockholm'de öğretmen okuluna girdi. Eğitimi sırasında babası ekonomik sıkıntıya girdi ve Marbacka çiftliği satıldı. 1885'te babasını kaybeden Selma Lagerlöf aynı yıl Landskrona'da öğretmenliğe başladı. İki ciltlik romanı Gösta Berlings Saga'yı bu sırada yazdı. 1924'te Mauritz Stiller'in sinemaya uyarladığı roman, Lagerlöf'ün doğup büyüdüğü Vaermland bölgesinin en parlak dönemini, bölgenin demir döküm atölyeleri ve küçük malikanelerle dolup taştığı yıllardaki yaşamı anlatıyordu. 1890'larda İsveç'te romantizmin canlanışında önemli bir rol oynadı ve Osynliga Länkar (Görünmez Bağlar)'ı yazdı. 1895'te bir burs kazanınca,öğretmenliği bırakarak yurt dışı gezilerine katıldı ve kendini tamamen yazmaya verdi. İtalya'ya yaptığı ziyaretten sonra Antikrists mirakler (Deccal'in Mucizeleri)'i adlı sosyalist içerikli romanını yayımladı. Bunu en iyi yapıtlarından biri sayılan En herrgårdssägen (Malikane öyküleri) ile Mısır ve Filistin'de geçirdiği kışın etkisiyle yazdığı, kendisine İsveç'in en önde gelen romancısı niteliğini sağlayan iki ciltlik Jerusalem (Kudüs) izledi. Diğer önemli yapıtları arasında, özlü ve güçlü bir anlatımı olan Herr Arnes penningar (Bay Arnes'in Hazinesi; 1904) yer alır.

I. Dünya Savaşı başlayınca çok sarsılan Lagerlöf, birkaç yıl süreyle pek ürün vermedi. Daha sonra Marbacka (1922), Ett Barns Memoarer (Bir Çocuğun Anıları; 1930) ve Dagbök för Selma Lagerlöf (Selma Lagerlöf'ün Günlüğü; 1932) adlı kitaplarında incelikli bir üslupla çocukluğunu anlattı. Vaermland'ı konu alan üçlemesiyle de tanınan Lagerlöf, çağdaş öykü yazarlarının en yeteneklilerinden biri sayılır.

Lagerlöf'ün en iyi eseri olan Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige (Nils Holgersson'un yaban kazlarıyla maceraları) adlı kitabından yola çıkarak hazırlanan çizgi film dizisi, Türkiye'de Uçan Kaz adıyla gösterilmiştir. Türkçede ayrıca Kurtlar ve Uçan Kazlar adlı çocuk kitapları vardır.

Eserleri
 Gösta Berlings Saga (1891)
 Osynliga länkar (1894)
 Antikrists mirakler (1897)
 En herrgårdssägen (1899)
 Jerusalem (1901-02)
 Herr Arnes penningar (1904)
 Kristuslegender (1904)
 Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige (1906-07)
 Liljecronas hem (1911)
 Körkarlen (1912)
 Kejsarn av Portugallien (1914)
 Troll och Människor (1915)
 Löwensköldska ringen (1925)
 Carlotte Löwensköld (1927)
 Anna Svärd (1928)
 The Silver Mine
 Zacharias Topelius

Dış bağlantılar

Kaynakça

1858 doğumlular
1940 yılında ölenler
İsveç'te LGBT kişiler
İsveçli yazarlar
LGBT yazarlar
Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü sahipleri
İsveçli Nobel Ödülü sahipleri
Nobel Ödülü sahibi kadınlar
İsveç doğumlular
19. yüzyıl İsveçli yazarları
20. yüzyıl İsveçli yazarları

Selma Lagerlöf


සංවාදි ස්වරය යනු හින්දුස්ථානි සංගීතය හින්දුස්ථානි සංගීතයේරාග (සංගීතය) රාග වල දෙවන ප්‍රබල ස්වරයයි.

සංවාදී ස්වරය


Olaylar
 1735-1739 Osmanlı-Rus-Avusturya Savaşı başladı.

Doğumlar
 Veliaht Prens Sado

Ölümler
 8 Nisan - Francis II Rákóczi, Macar bağımsızlık hareketinin önderi (d. 1676)
 Köprülüzade Abdullah Paşa Osmanlı Devleti vezir ve serasker (d. ?)

1735


Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin (, ; 9 April 19383 November 2010) was a Soviet and Russian politician and businessman. He was the Minister of Gas Industry of the Soviet Union (13 February 1985 – 17 July 1989), after which he became first chairman of Gazprom energy company and the second-longest-serving Prime Minister of Russia (1992–1998) based on consecutive years. He was a key figure in Russian politics in the 1990s and a participant in the transition from a planned to a market economy. From 2001 to 2009, he was Russia's ambassador to Ukraine. After that, he was designated as a presidential adviser.

Chernomyrdin was known in Russia and Russian-speaking countries for his language style, which contained numerous malapropisms and syntactic errors. Many of his sayings became aphorisms and idioms in the Russian language, one example being the expression "We wanted the best, but it turned out like always." ().

Chernomyrdin died on 3 November 2010 after a long illness. He was buried beside his wife in Novodevichy Cemetery on 5 November, and his funeral was broadcast live on Russian federal TV channels.

Early life and education
Chernomyrdin was born in Chernyi Otrog, Orenburg Oblast, Russian SFSR. His father was a labourer and Viktor was one of five children. Chernomyrdin completed school education in 1957 and found employment as a mechanic in an oil refinery in Orsk. He worked there until 1962, except for his military service from 1957 to 1960. His other occupations on the plant during this period included machinist, operator and chief of technical installations.

He became a member of the CPSU in 1961. In 1962, he was admitted to Kuybyshev Industrial Institute (which was later renamed Samara Polytechnical Institute). In his entrance exams he performed very poorly. He failed the maths sections of the test and had to take the exam again, getting a C. He got only one B, in Russian language, and Cs in the other tests. He was admitted only because of very poor competition. In 1966, he graduated from the institute. In 1972, he completed further studies at the Department of Economics of the Union-wide Polytechnic Institute by correspondence.

Early career
Chernomyrdin began developing his career as a politician when he worked for the CPSU in Orsk between 1967 and 1973. In 1973, he was appointed the director of the natural gas refining plant in Orenburg, a position which he held until 1978. Between 1978 and 1982, Chernomyrdin worked in the heavy industry arm of the CPSU Central Committee.

In 1982, he was appointed deputy Minister of the natural gas industries of the Soviet Union. Concurrently, beginning from 1983, he directed Glavtyumengazprom, an industry association for natural gas resource development in Tyumen Oblast. During 1985–1989 he was the minister of gas industries.

Founder of Gazprom
In August 1989, under the leadership of Chernomyrdin, the Ministry of Gas Industry was transformed into the State Gas Concern, Gazprom, which became the country's first state-corporate enterprise. Chernomyrdin was elected its first chairman. The company was still controlled by the state, but now the control was exercised through shares of stock, 100% of which were owned by the state.

When the Soviet Union dissolved in late 1991, assets of the former Soviet state in the gas sector were transferred to newly created national companies such as Ukrgazprom and Turkmengazprom. Gazprom kept assets located in the territory of Russia, and was able to secure a monopoly in the gas sector.

Gazprom's political influence increased markedly after Russian President Boris Yeltsin appointed the company's chairman Chernomyrdin as his Prime Minister in 1992. Rem Viakhirev took Chernomyrdin's place as chairman both of the board of directors and of the managing committee. Gazprom was one of the backbones of the country's economy in 1990s, though the company underperformed during that decade. In the 2000s, however, Gazprom became the largest extractor of natural gas in the world and the largest Russian company.

Prime Minister of Russia
In May 1992, Boris Yeltsin appointed Chernomyrdin as Deputy Prime Minister in charge of fuel and energy. On 14 December 1992, Chernomyrdin was confirmed by the VII Congress of People's Deputies of Russia as Prime Minister.

According to Felipe Turover Chudínov, who was a senior intelligence officer with the foreign-intelligence directorate of the KGB, Chernomyrdin secretly decreed in the early 1990s that Russia would become an international hub for narcotics trafficking including importing cocaine and heroin from South America and heroin from Central Asia and Southeast Asia and exporting narcotics to Europe, North America including the United States and Canada, and China and the Pacific Rim.

While he had been critical of his predecessor Gaidar, Chernomyrdin largely continued Gaidar's policies.

In April 1995, he formed a political bloc called Our Home – Russia, which won 10% of the vote and 55 seats to come third in the 1995 Russian legislative election.

In 1995, Chernomyrdin signed a decree calling for the development of a national strategy for tiger conservation

On 18 June 1995, as a result of Shamil Basayev-led terrorists taking over 1500 people hostage in Budyonnovsk, negotiations between Chernomyrdin and Basayev led to a compromise which became a turning point for the First Chechen War. In exchange for the hostages, the Russian government agreed to halt military actions in Chechnya and begin a series of negotiations.

When Boris Yeltsin was undergoing a heart operation on 6 November 1996, Chernomyrdin served as Acting President for 23 hours.

Chernomyrdin remained Prime Minister until his sudden dismissal on 23 March 1998. Following the 1998 Russian financial crisis in August, Yeltsin re-appointed Chernomyrdin as Prime Minister, and attempted to groom him as his successor. However, the Duma twice refused to confirm Chernomyrdin as the head of the government. Rather than risking a third rejection and thus forcing the dissolution of the State Duma and political crisis, Chernomyrdin withdrew his nomination and the President asked the more popular Yevgeny Primakov to form a new cabinet.

Diplomatic career

During the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999 Chernomyrdin was a special representative of Russia in Yugoslavia.

In December 1999 Chernomyrdin was elected a member of the State Duma. In May 2001, Vladimir Putin appointed Chernomyrdin Ambassador of Russia to Ukraine. This action was interpreted by some Russian media agencies as a move to distance Chernomyrdin from the centre of Russian politics. In 2003, he dismissed talk of an apology for the Holodomor Famine made by the Soviet Union.

In February 2009 Chernomyrdin again strained the relations between Ukraine and Russia when he in an interview said "It is impossible to come to an agreement on anything with the Ukrainian leadership. If different people come in, we'll see". The Ukrainian foreign ministry said in a response it could declare Chernomyrdin "persona non-grata" over the row.

On 11 June 2009, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev relieved Chernomyrdin as Russian Ambassador in Kyiv, and appointed him as "presidential adviser and special presidential representative on economic cooperation with CIS member countries". In a parting shot at the Ukrainian government, Chernomyrdin stated that Russia should not apologise to Ukraine over voicing its suspicions about Ukraine being unable to pay for its natural gas, and further stated that Russia wants Ukraine to pay for the gas it consumes, and hence Russia is right to be concerned about the solvency of the Ukrainian state.

Death

Chernomyrdin died on the morning of 3 November 2010 after a long illness. According to people close to Chernomyrdin, such as singer Lev Leshchenko, the former Prime Minister was deeply affected by the death of his wife Valentina, seven and a half months earlier.

Chernomyrdin was buried beside his wife in Novodevichy Cemetery on 5 November 2010. On 3 November Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed an order to show Chernomyrdin's funeral in a live broadcast on Russian federal TV channels (only the funerals of the former President Boris Yeltsin and Patriarch Alexy II were granted the same right in recent years). The head of the Presidential Administration of Russia, Sergey Naryshkin, supervised the funeral ceremony.

Condolences on the death of Chernomyrdin were voiced on 3 November 2010 by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, other state figures in Russia and Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovich.

Sayings

In Russian-speaking countries, Chernomyrdin is known for his numerous malapropisms and syntactically incorrect speech, somewhat similar to Irish bulls. His idioms received the name Chernomyrdinki, and are somewhat comparable to Bushisms in style and effect. One of his expressions "We wanted (to do) it better, but it turned out as always" (Хотели как лучше, а получилось как всегда in Russian) about the economic reforms in Russia was widely quoted (sometimes rendered in English as "We wanted the best, you know the rest" or "We tried our best, you know the rest.") The phrase was uttered after a highly unsuccessful monetary exchange performed by the Russian Central Bank in July 1993.

Honours and awards
State awards of the Russian Federation and USSR
 Order of Merit for the Fatherland
1st class (24 March 2009) – for outstanding contribution to strengthening the international prestige of the Russian Federation and many years of fruitful activity
2nd class (23 March 1998) – for outstanding contribution to the development of the Russian state
3rd class (9 April 2008) – for outstanding contribution to the development of Russian-Ukrainian relations
4th class (9 April 2010) – for long-term fruitful state activity
 Order of Friendship (8 April 2003) – for outstanding contribution to the strengthening and development of friendship and cooperation between Russia and Ukraine
 Order of the October Revolution (1986)
 Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1979)
 Order of the Badge of Honour (1974) – for achievements in the construction and development of the design capacity of the first stage of Orenburg gas complex
 Jubilee Medal "300 Years of the Russian Navy" (7 June 1996)
 Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow" (6 September 1997)
 Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan" (23 August 2005)
 Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary since the Birth of Vladimir Il'ich Lenin" (1970)
 Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" (1985)

President and the Government of the Russian Federation
 Diploma of the President of the Russian Federation (12 December 2008) – for active participation in the drafting of the Constitution and a great contribution to the democratic foundations of the Russian Federation
 Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (9 November 1993)
 Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (14 August 1995) – for active participation in the preparation and conduct of the 50th anniversary of Victory in Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945
 Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (12 July 1996) – for active participation in organizing and conducting the election campaign of President of Russian Federation in 1996
 Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (30 July 1999) – for his great personal contribution to a political settlement between the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and NATO, consistent defense of Russia's position in the Balkans
 Diploma of the Russian Federation Government (9 April 2003) – for his great personal contribution to the development of Russian-Ukrainian trade and economic cooperation
 Diploma of the Russian Federation Government (9 April 2008) – for long-term fruitful state activity

Foreign awards
 Medal "100th Anniversary of Birth of Georgi Dimitrov" (People's Republic of Bulgaria, 1982)
 Mkhitar Gosh (Armenia, 4 December 1998) – for outstanding contribution to the elimination of the consequences of the Spitak earthquake, humanitarian assistance and reconstruction work. Medal awarded 18 April 2002
 Order of Parasat (Kazakhstan, 1 September 1999) – for his contribution to the development of oil and gas industry in Kazakhstan
 Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 5th class (Ukraine, 8 April 2003) – for outstanding contribution to the development of bilateral relations between Russia and Ukraine, weighty personal contribution in strengthening the friendly ties between the Russian and Ukrainian peoples
 Order of Merit, 3rd class (Ukraine, 17 June 2009) – for his contribution to the development of Ukrainian-Russian relations, the long-term diplomatic activity

Awards of states of the Russian Federation
 Order "For Merit" (Republic of Ingushetia, 19 June 2001) – for outstanding contribution to the establishment and development of the economy of Ingushetia
 Order of the "Key of Friendship" (Kemerovo Region, 7 March 2008)

Faith awards
 Order of St. Sergius, 2nd class (Russian Orthodox Church, 29 March 2007) – for their efforts in strengthening the unity of Orthodox peoples
 Order of Christmas, 2nd class (UOC)
 Jubilee medal "1020 years of the Baptism of Kievan Rus" (PCM, 25 November 2008)

Departmental awards
 Honorary Worker of the Ministry for Oil and Gas Construction (1 April 1988)
 Veteran of Labour in the Gas Industry (8 April 1998)
 Honorary Worker of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2 April 2003) – for active participation in the implementation of Russian foreign policy

Other recognitions
 A Russian icebreaker is named after Chernomyrdin

References

External links

Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin from The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2007, and related articles
Man in the News; Kremlin's Technocrat: Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin By Steven Erlanger The New York Times 15 December 1992.

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1938 births
2010 deaths
20th-century presidents of Russia
People from Orenburg Oblast
Members of the Central Committee of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Our Home – Russia politicians
United Russia politicians
21st-century Russian politicians
Acting presidents of Russia
Heads of government of the Russian Federation
Deputy heads of government of the Russian Federation
Acting prime ministers of the Russian Federation
Medvedev Administration personnel
Third convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary (Russian Federation)
Ambassadors of Russia to Ukraine
Gazprom people
Full Cavaliers of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise
Recipients of the Order of Merit (Ukraine), 3rd class
Recipients of the Order of Parasat
Deaths from cancer in Russia
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
20th-century Russian politicians
Russian political party founders
Recipients of Order of Friendship of Uzbekistan

Viktor Chernomyrdin


An Dyckia martinellii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Bruno Rezende Silva ngan Rafaela Campostrini Forzza. An Dyckia martinellii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dyckia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dyckia

Dyckia martinellii


ඔන්න අද කියන්න හදන්නේ අපේ ගෙවතු වගාවට,ගෙවත්තේ වගා කරන මල් වගාවලට ලේසියෙන්ම යොදන්න පුලුවන් ඒ වගේම ඉතාම ප්‍රයෝජනවත් කොම්පෝස්ට් පොහොරක් හදාගන්න විදියක් ගෑන. මේ ක්‍රමය අපි හදුන්වන්නේ ගොඩ ක්‍රමය විදියට.ඒක පොඩ්ඩක් වෙනස් කරලා එප්පාවල රොක් පොස්පේට් කියන ඛ්නිජයත් මේ සදහා යොදාගෙන තවත් ගුනාත්මක විදියටත් මේ වෑඩේ කරන්න පුලුවන් .එතකොට පොස්පොකොම්පෝස්ට් කියලා තමයි හදුන්වන්නේ. හොදයි ඕන වෙන ජාති කියන්නම්.අමු ගොම(250කි.ග්) ,මකුලත(ග්ලිරිසීඩියා),සූරිය,වගේ පහසුවෙන් දිරා යන කොල වර්ග(500කි.ග්), ඒ වගේම පිදුරු,ඉතාම ලේසියෙන් දිරාපත් වන ජබර වගේ ගන්න පුලුවන් නම් ගොඩාක් හොදයි.පෙතිගහපු කෙහෙල් කද කෑබලි වගේ දේවල් උනත් ගන්න පුලුවන්.(ඊ.ආර්.පී)එප්පාවල රොක් පොස්පේට්25කි.ග්, යුරියා පොහොර ටිකක්.ආ කලු පොලිතින් එකක් කොම්පෝස්ට් එක වහන්න. හරි වෑඩේට බහිමු.මුලින්ම මේ රූපයේ තියෙන විදියට මීටර් 1*3 ප්‍රමාණයට ලනු ඈදලා භූමියේ සීමාව ලකුණු කර ගන්න ඕන.එම ඉඩේ තමයි කොම්පෝස්ට් එක හදන්නේ.

ඊට පස්සේ පරන කොම්පෝස්ට් ගොඩකින් ගනිපු පොහොර ටිකක් තුනිවට අර වෙන් කොරාපු කොටසේ අතුරන්න ඕන.එහෙම නෑතිනම් අමු ගොම ටිකක් වතුරේ දිය කරලා පොල්කටුවකින් තුනියට ඉහින්න ඕන(අපි කරේ ඒ විදියට )
දෑන් ඒ තට්ටුව උඩ මකුලත කොල,සූරිය කොල(අපි ගත්තු පහසුවෙන් දිරා යන ඕනෑම වර්ගයක )අඩි භාගයක වත් උසකට අතුරන්න ඕන.

ඒ තට්ටුව උඩ මේ චායාරූපයේ තියෙන විදියට පෙති ගසා ගත්තු කෙහෙල් කද කෑබලි තට්ටුවකුත් නෑවත ඒ මත එකතු කර ගත් ජබර තට්ටුවකුත් අතුරන්න ඕන.
ඉහල පිංතූරෙන් පේනවා නේද කෙසෙල් කෑලි කරගන්න විදිය.මෙයා ඒ වෑඩේ කරන්නේ උදෑල්ලෙන්.පහලින් පේන්නේ කට්ටිය බොහෝම සාමුහිකව ජබර තෑන්පත් කරන විදිය.ආ කියන්න බෑරි උනා.මේ මගේ කොටසේ ගොවි මහත්වරු සම්බන්ද කරගෙන කරපු වෑඩසටහනක්.මීට සති දෙකකට කලින්.
ඕන්න එක තට්ටුවක් ගෑහුවා.දෑන් ඔන්න පොඩි වෑඩක් තියෙනවා.අමු ගොම කිලෝ20 විතර තරමක් විශාල බෑරලයකට (තාර බෑරල් භාගයක් නම් ගොඩාක් හොදයි )ජලය දාලා දිය කර ගන්න ඕන.අප්පිරියා වගේද? නෑ මේ ගොමනේ. ඊටම ඊ.ආර්.පි කිලෝ 5 විතර දිය කරන්න ඕන.ඒකටම යූරියා ග්‍රෑම් 500 විතර දා ගත්තොත් හොදා.දෑන් රතු පාටට හුරු උකු ද්‍රාවණයක් තමයි ලෑබෙන්නේ. මෙන්න මේකෙන් අර ගහපු තට්ටුව උඩ ස්තරයක් විදියට තෙත් කල යුතුයි.ටින් එකකට පුර්වාගෙන තට්ටුව උඩ වත් කරාම වෑඩේ ලේසියි.
වෑඩේ තාම ඉවර නෑ. මේ තට්ටුව උඩ ආයෙත් අර කලින් යොදා ගත්තු අමුද්‍රව්‍ය ඒ පිලිවෙලටම අතුරන්න ඕන. නෑවත දිය කරගත්තු ගොම ඊ.ආර්.පී මිශ්‍රණය ඒ මත යෙදිය යුතුයි. ඔන්න ඔය පිලිවෙලට තට්ටු හයක් විතර ගහ ගත්තාම වෑඩේ අහවරයි.එතකොට පාන් ගෙඩියෙ හෑඩේට ගොඩ පේනවා.දෑන් අපි අර ඉස්සර කාලෙ ගෙවල් වල ගොම පිරියම් කොරාපු විදියට මේක වටේට ගොම පිරියම් කොරලා ඉන්න ඕන. කලු පොලිතින් එක තියෙනවා නේද.ඔන්න ඒක ගන්න වෙලාව හරි.මේ ගොඩ වෑහෙන්න පොලිතින් එකෙන් ආවරණය කිරීම තමයි අවසානයට ඉතුරු වෙලා තියෙන්නේ.මේක සීල් කරන්න ඕන නම් නෑ හොදද.හතර පෑත්තෙන් ලනු හතරක් ඈදලා පොලොවට ගහපු ඉනි වලට ඈද්දා නම් වෑඩේ ගොඩ. දෑන් ඉතින් නා කියා ගත්තාට කමක් නෑ................................. හරියටම දවස් 14 මේක පෙරලන්න ඕන(එකම පෑත්තට ).ඊලග පෙරලීම දවස් 28 කල යුතුයි................
දින 45 යනකොට ඉතාම ගුනදායක වගාවට,පරිසරයට මනුස්සයින්ට විස දේවල් අඩංගු නොවෙච්ච උසස් තත්වයේ කොම්පෝස්ට් පෝර නිශ්පාදනයක් කර ගන්න පුලුවන්.අර රුපියල් සීයක් දිලා අපේ නෝනලා බොහෝම උජාරුවට අරන් එන පාට පාට පිංතූර දාපු පෑකට්ටුවේ එන පෝර වලට වඩානම් සියක් ගුණයක් වටිනවා මේ හදාගත්තූ පෝර. ඔයාලටත් ඔන්න අවස්ථාව තියෙනවා මේ ක්‍රමේ අත් හදා බලන්න.මේ ප්‍රමාණයට වඩා කුඩාවට උනත් කරන්න පුලුවන් අමුද්‍රව්‍ය හොයා ගන්න අපහසු නම්.

http://nuwansl.blogspot.com/2009/09/how-to-make-phosphocompost-with-photoes.html

පොස්පොකොම්පොස්ට් සෑදීම


Pfiesteria is a genus of heterotrophic dinoflagellates that has been associated with harmful algal blooms and fish kills. Pfiesteria complex organisms (PCOs) were claimed to be responsible for large fish kills in the 1980s and 1990s on the coast of North Carolina and in tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. In reaction to the toxic outbreaks, six states along the US east coast have initiated a monitoring program to allow for rapid response in the case of new outbreaks and to better understand the factors involved in Pfiesteria toxicity and outbreaks. New molecular detection methods have revealed that Pfiesteria has a worldwide distribution.

Discovery and naming
Pfiesteria was discovered in 1988 by North Carolina State University researchers JoAnn Burkholder and Ed Noga. The genus was named after Lois Ann Pfiester (1936–1992), a biologist who did much of the early research on dinoflagellates.

Species
There are two species described, Pfiesteria piscicida (from Latin Pisces, fish; cida, killer.), which has a complex life cycle and the species Pfiesteria shumwayae, also with a complex life cycle.
The type locality of  Pfiesteria piscicida is Pamlico River Estuary, North Carolina, U.S.A.

Feeding strategy
Early research resulted in the hypothesis that Pfiesteria is a predatory dinoflagellate that acts as an ambush predator, utilizing a "hit and run" feeding strategy. Release of a toxin paralyzes the respiratory systems of susceptible fish, such as menhaden, causing death by suffocation. Pfiesteria then consumes the tissue sloughed off its dead prey.

Controversy
Pfiesteria biology and the role of PCOs in killing fish and sickening humans have been subject to several controversies and conflicting research results over the last few years.

Life cycle: Early research suggested a complex lifecycle of Pfiesteria piscicida, but this has become controversial over the past few years due to conflicting research results. Especially contested is the question of whether toxic amoeboid forms exist.
Toxicity to fish: The hypothesis of Pfiesteria killing fish via releasing a toxin in the water has been questioned as no toxin could be isolated and no toxicity was observed in some experiments. Toxicity appears to depend on the strains and assays used.  The lesions observed on fish presumed killed by Pfiesteria have been attributed to water molds by some researchers. However, it has also been established that Pfiesteria shumwayae kills fish by feeding on their skin through myzocytosis. In early 2007, a highly unstable toxin produced by the toxic form of Pfiesteria piscicida was identified.
Human illness: The effects of PCOs on humans have been questioned, leading to the "Pfiesteria hysteria hypothesis." A critical review of this hypothesis in the late 1990s concluded that Pfiesteria-related illness was unlikely to be caused by mass hysteria. Concluding that there was no evidence to support the existence of Pfiesteria-associated human illness, the National Institutes of Health discontinued funding for research into the effects of Pfiesteria toxin on humans shortly after a CDC sponsored Pfiesteria conference in 2000. A subsequent evaluation, however, concluded that PCOs can cause human illness. The controversy about the risk of Pfiesteria exposure to human health is still ongoing.

In fiction
A fictional Pfiesteria species dangerous to humans featured in James Powlik's 1999 environmental thriller Sea Change.
The fictional species Pfiesteria homicida was one of the antagonists in Frank Schätzing's 2004 novel The Swarm.  They are a biological weapon created by the yrr, the main antagonists of the novel.

References

Further reading
 —An in-depth story of the discovery

External links

Dinoflagellate genera
Dinophyceae

Pfiesteria


Fauzi Alidra est un footballeur français, né le  à Annecy en France, qui évolue au poste de milieu de terrain.

Biographie

Fauzi Alidra dispute cinq matchs en première division française, et 186 matchs en deuxième division française, pour 19 buts inscrits.

Le 6 octobre 1993, il est l'auteur d'un doublé en Division 2 sur la pelouse du FC Istres, permettant à l'Olympique d'Alès d'arracher la victoire (2-3). Cette saison là, il inscrit sept buts en championnat. Le 11 octobre 1994, il récidive avec un nouveau doublé lors de la réception du Nîmes Olympique, permettant à Alès de s'imposer 2-0. Il marque cinq buts en championnat cette saison là.

Palmarès
 Vice-champion de France de D2 en 1991 avec le Nîmes Olympique

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur français
Joueur du Nîmes Olympique
Joueur de l'Olympique d'Alès
Naissance en août 1971
Naissance à Annecy

Fauzi Alidra


A Day Without Rain, İrlandalı şarkıcı Enya'nın beşinci stüdyo albümüdür. 21 Kasım 2000'de yayımlandı. Yapımcılığını Nicky Ryan'ın üstlendiği albümdeki tüm şarkıların sözleri Roma Ryan'a, besteler ise Enya'ya aittir.

3 enstrümantal şarkının bulunduğu albüm 12 şarkıdan oluşur. Albümün Japonya'da yayınlanan sürümünde "Isobella" adlı bir şarkı daha vardır. Bu şarkı daha sonra "May It Be" teklisinde de yayımlandı. Albümden "Only Time" ve "Wild Child" teklileri yayımlandı.

Albüm 15 milyon satış rakamına ulaşmasıyla Enya'nın en çok satan albümü, 2001 yılının dünya çapında en çok satan beşinci albümü oldu. Nielsen SoundScan'a göre 2000'li yılların en çok satan new age albümüdür. Enya bu albümle 2002 Grammy Ödülleri'nde En İyi New Age Albümü kategorisinde üçüncü ödülünü aldı.

Arka plan
Enya The Memory of Trees albümünün yayınlanmasından üç yıl sonra 1998 sonbaharında A Day Without Rain için çalışmalara başladı. Yapım görevlilerinde Enya'nın kariyerinin başlangıcından beri çalıştığı Nicky ve Roma Ryan çifti görülmektedir. Kayıtları Enya'nın kendi stüdyosu olan Aigle Stüdyosu'nda yapılan albümdeki tüm enstrümanlar ve vokaller Enya'ya ait olup sözler Roma Ryan tarafından yazıldı. 12 şarkının bulunduğu albümde "Deora Ar Mo Chroí" ve "Isobella" İrlandaca, "Tempus Vernum" Latince, diğer şarkılar ise İngilizce sözlere sahiptir.

Şarkılar

Albümün pastoral bir teması vardır. Şarkı sözlerinde duygular anlatılırken genellikle mevsimlere, doğaya ve doğanın sahip olduğu unsurlara değinilmiştir. Söz yazarı Roma Ryan, albümdeki enstrümantallardan olan "A Day Without Rain" için aslında önceleri bir şarkı olarak düşünüp söz yazmaya başladıklarını ama müzik üzerinde çalışırken enstrümantal olmasının daha uygun olduğunu anladıklarını söyledi. Enya şarkının huzurlu bir günü ifade ettiğini söyledi. Şarkının oluşumunu "Belirli bir günde şarkıyı yazmak için stüdyoya gittim. Roma Ryan'a 'yağmursuz bir gün' dedim. O gün yağmur yağmıyordu. Ne kadar harika bir başlık diye düşündüm." şeklinde açıkladı. Albümün öne çıkan şarkılarından "Only Time"da zamanın belirsizliğinden ve iyileştireceğinden söz edilmiştir. Enya şarkıyla ilgili "Only Time zamanın iyileştireceği gerçeğini anlatır. Yaradan kurtulamaz ama yaşamın için önemli olan olağanlık duygusunu geri getirir." dedi. Albümden tekli olarak yayımlanan bir diğer şarkı "Wild Child" da günün neler getireceğinin belirsizliğini anlatır. Roma Ryan şarkıyı "Gün çılgın bir çocuktur. Öngörülemez, umursamazdır. Güven vermez, hiçbir şeye söz vermez. Ne yaparsan odur. Bu yüzden onu iyi yap." diye anlattı. "Fallen Embers" şarkısında gece ve gündüz hissedilen duygular anlatılmıştır. Enya birçok söyleşide bu şarkının albümdeki en sevdiği şarkı olduğunu söyledi. Şarkıyı "Albümdeki en sevdiğim şarkı Fallen Embers. Biliyorum, duygusal yönden çok güçlü bir şarkıydı ama özellikle de Roma'ya dinlettiğimde. Her zaman olduğu gibi müziksel olarak anlaşılmak istediğim duyguyu hissetti ve doğrusu bana şarkı sözlerini verdiğinde onları söylemek çok dokunaklıydı." diye ifade etti. Sözleri Latince olan "Tempus Vernum" (Bahar Zamanı) şarkısı doğanın sahip olduklarını anlatır. Enya şarkının yalnızca baharla değil tüm mevsimlerle ilgili olduğunu söyledi ve şarkıyı klasik bir hissi olduğundan dolayı İrlandaca ya da İngilizcenin uygun olmayabileceğini düşünüp Latince söylemeye karar verdi. Roma Ryan şarkıyı "Yaşamlarımız birbiriyle ve doğadaki her şeyle dolaşık. Dünya'nın devrinin bir parçası olmamıza rağmen hatırlamalıyız ki yeryüzü bizsiz tekrar meydana gelebilir." diye ifade etti. Albümdeki İrlandaca "Deora Ar Mo Chroí" (Kalbimdeki Gözyaşları) şarkısında doğaya yapılan deyim aktarmaları görülmektedir. Şarkı İngilizce yazılıp Enya tarafından İrlandaca'ya uyarlanmıştır. Roma Ryan şarkının temasının Tempus Vernum'un devamı niteliğinde olduğunu söyledi. Albümdeki "Flora's Secret" şarkısında çiçek tanrıçası Flora anlatılır. Enya şarkının oluşumunu "Flora's Secret Roma melodiyi ve aranjeyi dinlerken bütünüyle onun tarafından ilham alınmış bir tema. Çok pozitif, yaşam dolu bir parça olduğunu düşündü ve şarkı sözleri ve başlıkla geldiğinde hemen herkesin bana sormuş olduğu gibi 'Flora'nın sırrı ne?' diye sordum. Bana Flora'nın kızın adı olduğunu ve onun uzun çimlerde sevgilisiyle olduğunu söyledi. Bu onların gizli buluşma yerleriydi. Çiçeklerle çevrililerdi. Çiçek tanrıçası Flora'yla da. Çiçeklerin ve sevgililerin sırrını bilen tek kişiydi. Ne harika bir tema diye düşündüm." diye anlattı.

Yayımlanma ve tanıtım
21 Kasım 2000'de yayınlanan albümün tanıtım partisi Londra'da Somerset House'da yapıldı. Enya'nın plak şirketi havai fişek gösterisi için Thames Nehri trafiğini durdurdu.

Enya, Roma Ryan ve Nicky Ryan'ın albüm ve müzik hakkında konuştuğu bir video belgeseli Humewood Kalesi'nde çekildi ve medyaya dağıtıldı. Rob Connor tarafından yönetilen belgeselin farklı bir düzenlemesi "A Life in Music" adıyla Enya'nın dvdlerinde yer aldı.

"Wild Child" şarkısının vocal up versiyonu promosyon teklisi olarak yayımlandı.

Eleştiriler

A Day Without Rain eleştirmenlerden farklı yorumlar aldı. Müzik sitesi Allmusic albümün uzun zamandır onun kariyerini takip eden kişilere tanıdık bir ses olduğunu, Enya'nın ruhani sesinin Roma Ryan'ın pastoral betimlemelerle ve soyut, romantik duygularla yüklü sözlerini olduğundan daha gerçek dışı bir duruma getirdiğini yazdı. Rolling Stone dergisi Enya için "Eğer bir Pokémon olsaydı şarkı söyleyip uyutarak rakiplerine güçsüzlük veren küçük pembe canavar Jigglypuff olurdu." yorumunda bulundu. Entertainment Weekly "Bitkisel vücut sargısına bağlı olmadan bu new age saçmalığını dinlemek için kabul edilebilir bir neden yok." diyerek albümü olumsuz yönde eleştirdi. Müzik eleştiri sitesi Sputnikmusic, albümün süresini kısa buldu ve şarkıların çeşitliliğinin olmamasını eleştirdi. Bunun yanında albümü genel olarak iyi yönde eleştirdi ve "Dinlemeye başladığınızda müthiş bir yolculuğa çıkıyorsunuz." yorumuyla övdü.

Tekliler
Albümden ilk tekli olarak "Only Time" yayımlandı. Teklide "The First of Autumn" ve "The Promise" şarkıları da yer aldı. Şarkı 11 Eylül saldırılarından sonra birçok radyo ve televizyon tarafından olayla ilgili haberlerde kullanıldı. Enya daha sonra şarkının remix versiyonunu da içeren bir sürümü yayınlayıp gelirini Üniformalı İtfaiyeciler Derneği'ne, mağdurların ailelerine bağışladı.
Şarkının video klibi Graham Fink tarafından yönetildi. Video klipte mevsimler ve zamanın geçişi anlatılmaktadır. The Video Collection ve The Very Best of Enya albümlerinde klibin yapımıyla ilgili bir belgesel yer aldı.
Şarkı 2001 yılında Kasımda Aşk Başkadır filminde kullanıldı ve soundtrack albümünde yer aldı.

İkinci tekli olarak "Midnight Blue" ve "Song of the Sandman (Lullaby)" şarkılarıyla birlikte "Wild Child" şarkısı yayımlandı. Video klibi Graham Fink tarafından yönetildi.
Şarkı Japon yapımı Calmi Cuori Appassionati filminde kullanıldı.

Şarkı listesi

ABD sürümü

Japonya sürümü

Yapım görevlileri
 Enya – vokal, besteci, aranjör, mix, İrlandaca uyarlama
 Nicky Ryan – yapımcı, mühendis, aranjör, mix
 Roma Ryan - söz yazarı
 Dick Beetham - mastering
 Stylorouge - tasarım, sanat yönetmenliği
 Sheila Rock - fotoğrafçı
 Simon Fowler - fotoğrafçı
 The Handsome Foundation - kostüm tasarımı

Yapım görevlileri, A Day Without Rain albüm kitapçığından alınmıştır.

Sertifikalar

Kaynakça

Enya albümleri
New age albümleri
2000 albümleri

A Day Without Rain


Michael Mark Prisk (born 12 June 1962) is a British politician who was Member of Parliament (MP) for Hertford and Stortford from 2001 until 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, he was Minister of State for Business and Enterprise from 2010 to 2012 and Minister of State for Housing and Local Government from 2012 to 2013.

Early life
Prisk was born at Redruth, Cornwall and whilst living at Camborne was educated at Truro School in 1973–80. He went on to study Land Management at the University of Reading, gaining a BSc degree. From 1983 to 1985, he was Chairman of the Youth Section of Peace through NATO. He was vice-chairman of the Federation of Conservative Students in 1982–83.

After graduation, Prisk worked in property and economic development and rose to become director of a £3 million practice. From 1983 to 1985, he worked as a graduate surveyor for Knight Frank, then as development surveyor for Derrick Wade & Waters where he became manager of the London office from 1985 to 1989. He was a marketing director from 1989 to 1991, then principal of the Mark Prisk Connection from 1991 to 1997. From 1997 to 2001, he was company owner of MP2.

Parliamentary career
Prisk was Chairman of Cornwall Young Conservatives and after unsuccessfully contesting Newham North West in 1992 and Wansdyke in 1997, he was finally elected as the Conservative MP for the constituency of Hertford and Stortford in 2001. He was promoted from the backbenches to the Opposition frontbench as Shadow Financial Secretary, Shadow Minister for Economic Affairs, an opposition whip and Shadow Minister for Business and Enterprise. He is author of several pamphlets on urban design.

On 26 July 2007, David Cameron appointed Prisk as Shadow Minister for Cornwall, although there was no formal government post for him to shadow. The party said the move was intended to help place the county's concerns "at the heart of Conservative thinking". Cameron said he endorsed the appointment and it would ensure the voice of Cornwall was heard. Liberal Democrat Matthew Taylor claimed the appointment was a bid to get around the rule which requires MPs to limit the local cases they take up to their own constituencies. Prisk defended his role in open letter to the Falmouth Packet, noting "as a born and bred Cornishman" his role was to listen to the concerns of people in Cornwall, feed these back to the Shadow Cabinet and make sure Conservative policies properly reflected the needs of Cornwall.

Prisk was appointed as Minister of State for Business and Enterprise in the Cameron–Clegg coalition, until he was shifted to become Minister of State for Housing and Local Government on 5 September 2012. In this role, he was responsible for creating a "Future High Street Forum" to support struggling High Street retailers, but was asked to step down from the frontbench in an October 2013 reshuffle.

Prisk campaigned to remain in the European Union in the lead-up to the 2016 referendum on Britain's membership and his constituency narrowly voted to remain by 50.76% to 49.24%. However, after the referendum result, he supported the Theresa May's plan for implementation of Britain's withdrawal.

On 9 September 2019, Prisk wrote to the chairman of his local Conservative Association to declare he would not be standing at the next general election.

During November 2022, Prisk announced his position as president of the Conservative Mental Health Group (CMHG). Previous to this role Prisk had supported mental health charities, including the Samaritans and Mind.

Personal life
Prisk married Lesley Titcomb, who became CEO at The Pensions Regulator, in April 1989 in Oxfordshire.

Notes

References

External links

 Mark Prisk MP official constituency website

 BBC Politics page

News articles
 Tories to appoint Cornwall Minister

Video clips
 YouTube page

1962 births
20th-century English businesspeople
Alumni of the University of Reading
British real estate businesspeople
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
English surveyors
Living people
Ministers of State for Housing (UK)
People educated at Truro School
People from Camborne
People from Much Hadham
People from Redruth
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019

Mark Prisk


Bilo bi ludo prvi je studijski album bosanskohercegovačkog rock pjevača Fadila Toskića koji izlazi 1979. godine a objavljuje ga izdavačka kuća Jugoton. Album sadrzi 11 pjesama, a sniman je i masteriran u glzabenim studijima Central Recorders i Mater Room. Pjesme Ljubavni napitak i Hej, dok si sama snimane su kad i album ali nisu ukljucene u album vec su izdane kao singlovi.

Popis pjesama

Bosanskohercegovački glazbeni albumi

Bilo bi ludo


Luca Curatoli (Nápoles, 25 de julho de 1994) é um esgrimista italiano, medalhista olímpico.

Carreira

Curatoli conquistou a medalha de prata nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 em Tóquio ao lado de Luigi Samele, Enrico Berrè e Aldo Montano, após confronto contra os sul-coreanos Oh Sang-uk, Kim Jun-ho, Kim Jung-hwan e Gu Bon-gil na disputa de sabre por equipes.

Esgrimistas olímpicos da Itália
Esgrimistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020

Luca Curatoli


Liopleurodon este un gen de reptile marine carnivore din categoria pliozaurilor.

Caracteristici
La maturitate, acest pliozaur colosal era atât de mare încât nu avea dușmani decât cei din specia sa. Se estimează că atingea lungimi între 12 și 25m- o cifră care sugerează că putea cântări și 100 de tone, adică mai mult decât cașalotul, care este cel mai mare carnivor care urmărește și atacă animale singure. Liopleurodon se hrănea cu animale marine destul de mari încât să-i atragă atenția. Deși era complet adaptat la viața în larg, intra și în apele puțin adânci, unde prindea dinozaurii care pășteau lângă mal. Se baza în principal pe văz și pe miros, atacându-și prada cu dinții rari, ca niște pumnale. Aceștia aveau formă conică și circa 30cm lungime- de două ori mai mari decât cei de Tyrannosaurus. Erau proiectați în afară din partea frontală a fălcilor, care se articulau într-un punct aflat aproape de spatele craniului- o distanță de aproape 4m.
Datorită mărimii sale, Liopleurodon putea străbate distanțe imense, dar se cunosc puține lucruri despre felul cum se înmulțea. Pe uscat era la fel de neputincios ca o balenă eșuată, ceea ce sugerează că năștea pui vii, nu depunea ouă.
Liopleurodon a trăit în perioada Cretacicului Inferior, fosilele lui fiind găsite în Australia și în America de Sud.

Fosile
Genuri de reptile
Plesiozauri
Reptile dispărute
Reptile marine

Liopleurodon


Trajanópolis o Traianoúpoli (en griego Τραϊανούπολη) es un antiguo municipio de la unidad periférica de Evros, Macedonia Oriental y Tracia, Grecia. Desde la reforma del gobierno local de 2011 es parte del municipio de Alejandrópolis, del cual es una unidad municipal. La población es de 3.335 (2001).

Historia

La ciudad fue fundada por los romanos y fue llamada así en honor a Trajano. Durante el dominio romano, la ciudad era famosa por sus baños. En el  fue la capital de la provincia de Ródope. Más tarde, la ciudad cayó en manos bizantinas y otomanas. Sus baños fueron renovados por el otomano Gazi Evrenos y se rebautizaron como "Hana". Trajanópolis estuvo bajo control búlgaro y fue cedida a Grecia en el Tratado de Neuilly de 1919.

Referencias

Localidades de la periferia de Macedonia Oriental y Tracia

Trajanópolis


Centroscyllium es un género de peces esqualiformes de la familia Etmopteridae.

Especies
Se reconocen las siguientes especies:
 Centroscyllium excelsum
 Centroscyllium fabricii
 Centroscyllium granulatum
 Centroscyllium kamoharai
 Centroscyllium nigrum
 Centroscyllium ornatum
 Centroscyllium ritteri
 Centroscyllium sheikoi

Referencias

Véase también
 Anexo:Taxonomía de los tiburones

Enlaces externos

Centroscyllium


Murat Gürbüzerol (* 1. Februar 1988 in Söke) ist ein türkischer Fußballspieler.

Karriere
Murat Gürbüzerol spielte in der Jugend von Sağlık Spor und später in der Jugend von Aydınspor. 2004 wechselte er von dort aus in die Jugend von Manisaspor.

2006 erhielt er hier einen Profi-Vertrag und spielte weiterhin eineinhalb Spielzeiten für die Reservemannschaft. Zum Frühjahr 2008 wurde er an den Drittligisten Zeytinburnuspor ausgeliehen, um ihm so Spielpraxis in einer Profi-Liga zu ermöglichen. Hier machte er nahezu alle Spiele und erzielte fünf Tore.

Zum Sommer kehrte er zu Manisaspor zurück. In der Zwischenzeit konnte Manisaspor den Klassenerhalt in der Süper Lig nicht schaffen und spielte für die anstehende Saison in der TFF 1. Lig. Hier kam Gürbüzerol zu sechs Ligaeinsätzen und wurde mit seinem Verein zum Saisonende Meister der TFF 1. Lig.

Die nächsten beiden Spielzeiten verbrachte Gürbüzerol als Leihgabe bei Konya Şekerspor und Akhisar Belediyespor.

Erst zur Saison 2011/12 kehrte er wieder zu Manisaspor zurück. Hier spielte er eine halbe Spielzeit ausschließlich für die Reservemannschaft. Erst in der Rückrunde kam er sporadisch zu Einsätzen. In den folgenden zwei Spielzeiten etablierte sich Gürbüzerol in der Mannschaft und wurde als Stammkraft gesetzt.

Zur Saison 2014/15 wechselte er zum Süper-Lig-Aufsteiger Balıkesirspor. Bereits zur nächsten Rückrunde verließ er diesen Klub und heuerte beim Zweitligisten Boluspor an.

Auch Boluspor verließ er im Sommer 2015 nach nur einer halben Spielzeit und wechselte stattdessen zum Ligarivalen Samsunspor. Im Sommer 2017 zog er innerhalb der TFF 1. Lig zum Aufsteiger Büyükşehir Belediye Erzurumspor weiter. Im Januar 2018 ging Gürbüzerol zu Giresunspor.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (Anadolu Selçukspor)
Fußballspieler (Aydınspor)
Fußballspieler (Erzurumspor FK)
Fußballspieler (Balıkesirspor)
Fußballspieler (Boluspor)
Fußballspieler (Eyüpspor)
Fußballspieler (Giresunspor)
Fußballspieler (Manisaspor)
Fußballspieler (Samsunspor)
Fußballspieler (Uşakspor)
Geboren 1988
Türke
Mann
Fußballspieler (Akhisarspor)

Murat Gürbüzerol


Lahey Uluslararası Model Birleşmiş Milletler (İngilizce: The Hague International Model United Nations), her yıl Hollanda'nın Lahey kentinde düzenlenen, Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından bir sivil toplum örgütü olarak tanınmış bir Model Birleşmiş Milletler konferansıdır. Beş gün süren Birleşmiş Milletler simülasyonuna yaklaşık 4.000 kişi katılır.

Dış bağlantılar
  The Hague International Model United Nations  (Türkiye)
  Dhirubhai Ambani International Model United Nations  (Hindistan)
  Ivanovo Model United Nations (Rusya)
  THIMUN-Singapore (Singapur)

Model Birleşmiş Milletler


كريسبين غلوفير  ممثل أمريكي من مواليد 20 أبريل 1964.

مثل دور جورج ماكفلاي في العودة إلى المستقبل.

مواقع خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من لوس أنجلوس (كاليفورنيا)
أشخاص من مدينة نيويورك
أمريكيون من أصل ألماني
أمريكيون من أصل إنجليزي
أمريكيون من أصل تشيكي
أمريكيون من أصل سويدي
خريجو ثانوية بيفرلي هيلز
شعراء أمريكيون
شعراء أمريكيون في القرن 21
صانعو أفلام تجريبية أمريكيون
فنانون وفنانات أمريكيون
كتاب أمريكيون في القرن 21
كتاب سيناريو أمريكيون
كتاب سيناريو أمريكيون في القرن 21
كتاب سيناريو من كاليفورنيا
كتاب سيناريو من ولاية نيويورك
مخرجو أفلام من كاليفورنيا
مغنون أمريكيون
مغنون أمريكيون في القرن 21
ممثلو أفلام أمريكيون
ممثلون أمريكيون في القرن 20
ممثلون أمريكيون في القرن 21
ممثلون من أصل ألماني
ممثلون من لوس أنجلوس (كاليفورنيا)
ممثلون من مدينة نيويورك
منتجو أفلام من ولاية نيويورك
منتجون سينمائيون من كاليفورنيا
مواليد 1964
مواليد في نيويورك
موسيقيون أمريكيون أفارقة في القرن 21

كريسبين غلوفير


Merwedeplein este o piață care este situată în axa de simetrie a cartierului Rivierenbuurt din Amsterdam, în spatele clădirii Wolkenkrabber (cu 12 nivele) și în prelungirea bulevardului Vrijheidslaan. Toate clădirile din piață, inclusiv cele din Deltastraat și clădirea Wolkenkrabber, au fost restaurate în totalitate cu câțiva ani în urmă, astfel că fațadele din cărămidă galbenă sunt din nou vizibile.

Anne Frank, Ben Ali Libi și Herbert Nelson
Din cauza creșterii antisemitismului, familia evreiască Frank s-a mutat în 1933 de la Frankfurt pe Main (Germania) la Amsterdam. Otto și Edith Frank, împreună cu fetele lor, Margot și Anne, au locuit într-o casă mare din Merwedeplein 37, la etajul al II-lea, în cartierul Rivierenbuurt din Amsterdam. Familia a trăit acolo până pe 6 iulie 1942, când s-a mutat în ascunzătoarea din Prinsengracht 263.

În iunie 1942 a avut loc o razie a poliției în Merwedeplein. A fost arestat acolo, printre alții, magicianul evreu Michel Velleman, alias Ben Ali Libi. El a fost deportat împreună cu aproape toată familia în lagărul de exterminare Sobibór, unde a fost ucis în 1943. La numărul 23 trăia în același timp fiul pe jumătate evreu al celebrului actor de comedie și cabaretist german Rudolf Nelson. Acest Herbert Nelson a organizat cu ajutorul Rezistenței un cabaret politic și satiric clandestin. El a rămas nedescoperit pe parcursul întregului război.

Pe 9 iulie 2005 a fost dezvelită în Merwedeplein o statuie a Annei Frank de către primarul municipiului Amsterdam, Job Cohen. Statuia a fost realizată de artistul Jet Schepp și sugerează că Anne Frank, chiar înainte de a pleca către ascunzătoare, se mai uită încă o dată la casa pe care o părăsea pentru totdeauna pentru a-și lua rămas bun de la ea.

Clădirea din Merwedeplein 37
Fosta casă a Annei Frank a fost cumpărată în 2004 de către o companie imobiliară din Amsterdam. Noul proprietar a restaurat clădirea și a decorat-o în stilul anilor 1930 pe baza informațiilor deținute de Fundația Anne Frank. Casa a devenit începând de atunci o destinație pentru scriitorii străini refugiați care nu puteau lucra liber în țările lor de proveniență.

Note

Legături externe
 De gerestaureerde woning van Anne Frank aan het Merwedeplein
 Anne Frank en het Merwedeplein

Străzi din Amsterdam
Anne Frank

Merwedeplein