Le Massey Ferguson 510 est un modèle de moissonneuse-batteuse produit par l'entreprise Massey Ferguson.

Construite de 1966 à 1971, cette machine est l'une des plus populaires en Europe où elle réponde parfaitement aux exigences des agriculteurs.

Historique
Après la fusion entre Massey Harris et Ferguson, le nouveau constructeur n'a pas d'autres types de moissonneuses-batteuses à proposer sur le marché européen que les anciens modèles de la gamme Massey-Harris, mais ces engins sont conçus pour être utilisés aux États-Unis : ils ne sont pas adaptés aux cultures intensives des pays européens et ils utilisent des moteurs à essence, carburant dont le prix en Europe est prohibitif. En outre, le constructeur allemand Claas propose des produits bien adaptés, comme la Matador.

Massey Ferguson conçoit et produit en France et en Angleterre, à partir de 1960, deux machines adaptées au marché européen les 400 et 500. En 1965, ces deux modèles améliorés deviennent la 410 et la 510, très populaires, la 510 étant produite jusqu'en 1971.

Caractéristiques
Le moteur Diesel, fabriqué par Perkins, est un six cylindres en ligne qui développe une puissance de  au régime de  ; sa cylindrée totale est de . Ce moteur éprouvé est d'ailleurs utilisé sur la Claas Matador, concurrente de la 510. La position du moteur à droite du poste de conduite facilite son accessibilité pour l'entretien et l'expose moins aux poussières. En revanche, cela remonte un peu le centre de gravité de la machine et peut pénaliser sa stabilité.

La boîte de vitesses comprend trois rapports avant et un rapport arrière, couplé avec un variateur de vitesse à commande hydraulique. La vitesse maximale de l'engin est de .

Le dispositif de séparation et de nettoyage du grain comporte six secours d'une surface totale de .

La largeur de coupe peut être de ,  ou . Un dispositif de démontage et d'attache rapides et un chariot de transport de la barre de coups sont disponibles en option. La machine possède une vis de vidange de la trémie repliable hydrauliquement, ce qui évite les accidents dus à l'accrochage de cet organe dans les poteaux électriques ou les arbres isolés dans les parcelles.

Le poste de conduite est très ergonomique pour l'époque, avec des commandes pour la plupart hydrauliques ; la machine étant assez basse, le conducteur dispose d'une bonne visibilité périphérique.

La masse à vide en ordre de marche de la machine est de .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 .

Moissonneuse-batteuse

Massey Ferguson 510


Adrar Vilayeti Cezayir'in güneybatısında yer alan Mali ve Moritanya ile sınırı olan bir vilayettir.

443.782 km2 yüzölçümündeki vilayetin nüfusu 380.000'dir. Vilayetin merkezi Adrar şehridir. Adrar vilayetinin 3 bölgesi, 11 şehri, 28 ilçesi ve 299 köyü vardır.

Adrar (il)


Eşyükselti eğrisi ya da izohips, bir haritada aynı yükseklikteki noktaları birleştiren hayalî eğrilere denir.

Eşyükselti eğrilerinin amacı, üç boyutlu yeryüzü şekillerini, iki boyutlu harita üzerinde temsil edebilmektir. Haritayı okuyan, bu eğrilere bakarak yeryüzündeki tepeleri, vadileri, ovaları, sırtları vs. gözünde canlandırabilir. Eşyükselti eğrilerinin okunması haritadaki diğer işaretlere kıyasla zordur ve eğitim gerektirir. Eşyükselti eğrilerinin bulunduğu harita türüne "topografik harita" ya da "izohips harita" denir.

Genel özellikler
 Aynı izohips eğrisi üzerindeki bütün noktaların yükseltisi eşittir.
 İzohipsler iç içe geçmiş kapalı eğrilerdir.
 Her eğri kendinden yüksek olan eğriyi çevreler.
 En dıştaki eğri en alçak, en içteki eğri ise en yüksek yeri gösterir.
 İzohipsler arasındaki fark her yerde eşittir. (eküidistans)
 İzohipslerde kıyı çizgisi 0 metreden geçer.
 İzohipslerde çizgiler birbirini kesmezler
 Akarsuların her iki tarafındaki izohips eğrilerinin yükseltisi eşittir.
 İzohpislerin sıkışıtığı yerde eğim fazla, seyrekleştiği yerde ise azdır.
 İzohipslerin sıkıştığı yerde kıta sahanlığı  ve akarsu aşındırması fazladır.
 İzohipslerin nokta halini aldıkları yerler dağların doruk noktasıdır.
 İzohipslerde içe doğru gösterilen oklar kraterleri gösterir.
 Komşu iki izohips grubunun yükseltileri aynıdır.

Kaynakça

Kartografi

Eş yükselti eğrisi


Proba de microfon, menționat în unele lucrări Probă de microfon, este un film dramatic românesc din 1980 regizat de Mircea Daneliuc după propriul scenariu. În rolurile principale joacă actorii Tora Vasilescu, Gina Patrichi și Mircea Daneliuc. Filmul prezintă relația dintre cameramanul Nelu Stroe (Mircea Daneliuc) și tânăra Ani (Tora Vasilescu).

Rezumat

Luiza este o reporteriță într-o relație cu Nelu, care este cameraman. Cei doi fac un reportaj în Gara București Nord unde dialoghează cu câțiva contravenienți. Nelu o cunoaște pe una dintre aceștia, Ani, și vrea s-o menajeze în momentul filmării ca s-o întâlnească mai târziu. Aceasta este o fată fără serviciu, orfană, fără buletin de București, într-o continuă vânătoare de bani pentru a-și întreține fratele alcoolic.

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

 Tora Vasilescu — Ana "Ani" Covete, fostă muncitoare la Fabrica de Becuri din Târgoviște
 Gina Patrichi — Luiza, reporteră TV
 Mircea Daneliuc — Ion "Nelu" Stroe, cameraman TV
 George Negoescu — tatăl lui Nelu
 Adrian Mazarache — Sile Pricop, dresor de delfini, fostul iubit al lui Ani
 Geta Grapă — mama lui Nelu
 Vasile Ichim — Lică, vânzător, fratele lui Ani
 Maria Junghietu — Gabi, laborantă din Târgoviște, fata care-l abordează pe Nelu
 Constantin Chelba — electricianul echipei TV
 Victor Hillerin — Biță, sunetistul echipei TV
 Zoe Muscan — mama lui Sile
 Yvonne Bertola — Magda, concubina lui Lică
 Medeea Marinescu — Mary, fiica Magdei (menționată Medi Marinescu)
 Ion Porsilă — Onisie, funcționarul de la forțele de muncă
 Titus Prelipceanu
 Mircea Dumitru
 Nicolae Dide (menționat Niki Dide)
 Cristian Irimia
 Andrei Peniuc
 Costel Chiriac
 Florica Ionescu
 Dan Antonescu
 Laurențiu Lazăr
 Petre Popescu
 Nicolae Crișu
 Ana Lavric
 Mihai Novac
 Carmen Gentimir
 Wilhelmina Câta
 Nicolae Duca

Producție
Filmările au avut loc în perioada 1 august – 27 septembrie 1979. Cheltuielile de producție s-au ridicat la 2.243.000 lei.

Primire
Cristian Tudor Popescu scrie despre acest film: "Pentru prima dată în filmul românesc, povestea de dragoste dintre Nelu și Ani nu poartă niciun mesaj. El n-o determină pe ea să apuce pe drumul drept, ea nu-i este alături când el, reprezentând noul, se luptă cu vechiul și este nedreptățit, pentru simplul motiv că nici el, nici ea nu reprezintă nimic, se prezintă doar pe ei înșiși. Morala lor este îndoielenică, dar nu la nivelul marilor concepte – Ani se încurcă cu un inginer din Târgoviște și îl compromite, Nelu vinde dinții de aur ai lui taică-su ca să-i facă ei rost de bani".

Filmul se află pe locul 9 în clasamentul "Cele mai bune 10 filme românești din toate timpurile", publicat în 2008 și realizat de 40 critici de film.

Filmul Proba de microfon a fost vizionat de 1.858.114 spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Premii
 1980 - ACIN - Marele Premiu și Premiile pentru imagine, coloană sonoră, montaj, interpretare feminină (Tora Vasilescu). Diplomă de onoare (Maria Junghietu)
 1980 - Costinești - Premiul special al juriului și Premiile de interpretare feminină rol principal (Tora Vasilescu) și rol secundar (Maria Junghietu)

Vezi și
 1980 în film

Note

Legături externe

Filme din 1980
Filme regizate de Mircea Daneliuc
Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme de dragoste românești
Filme dramatice românești
Filme Româniafilm

Proba de microfon


O Campeonato Paulista de Voleibol Feminino de 2022 foi a quinquagésima edição desta competição organizada pela Federação Paulista de Volleyball.

Participantes

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Primeira rodada

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Segunda rodada

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Terceira rodada

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Quarta rodada

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Quinta rodada

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Sexta rodada

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Sétima rodada

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Fase final

A segunda fase é jogada pelas quatro equipes classificadas, sendo disputado em uma série de 2 jogos.

Semifinal

SF1

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SF2

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Final

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Premiação

Campeonato Paulista de Voleibol Feminino
Paulista


İncirlik Hava Üssü (IATA: UAB, ICAO: LTAG), Adana ilinin İncirlik beldesinde bulunan bir hava üssüdür. Adana şehir merkezinin 8 km doğusunda ve Akdeniz'e 56 km mesafededir. Birincil olarak Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Hava Kuvvetleri ve Türk Hava Kuvvetleri tarafından kullanılan üs, Kraliyet Hava Kuvvetleri tarafından da kullanılmaktadır. İncirlik Üssü, Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerine ait Hava Kuvvetleri üslerinden biridir, üzerindeki tüm tesislerle birlikte mülkiyeti Türkiye Cumhuriyeti devletine aittir. Avrupa'da taktik nükleer silahlar bulunduran altı NATO üssünden biridir.

1951 yılında inşaatına başlanan İncirlik Üssü, Aralık 1951'de Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri (TSK) ve Amerikan Hava Kuvvetleri'nin hizmetinde ortak kullanıma açıldı.

İncirlik Hava Üssü'nde konuşlu birincil birim ABD Hava Kuvvetleri 39. Hava Üssü Kanat, (39 ABW) 'dir. İncirlik Hava Üssü ile ilgili 57 Sertleştirilmiş uçak barınakları arasında bulunan bir 3.048 m (10.000 ft) -Uzun pisti vardır.

Tarihi
İncirlik Hava Üssü'nün kurulması kararı Aralık 1943 İkinci Kahire Konferansı sırasında alınsa da inşaatı II. Dünya Savaşı'nın, sona ermesinden sonra başladı. Amerikan Ordusu Mühendisler Kolordusu 1951 baharında İncirlik Hava Üssü inşaatına başladı. ABD Hava Kuvvetleri, başlangıçta orta ve ağır bombardıman uçakları için acil evreleme, kurtarma yeri olarak kullanmayı planladı. Türk Genelkurmay ve ABD Hava Kuvvetleri Aralık 1954 yılında yeni Hava Üssü için ortak kullanım anlaşmasını imzaladı. 21 Şubat 1955 tarihinde, Hava Üssü'nün resmi adı olarak "Adana Hava Üssü" seçildi. Hava Üssü'nün konuk birimi olarak 7216. Hava Üssü filosuydu. Bu Hava Üssü 28 Şubat 1958 tarihinde "İncirlik Hava Üssü" adını almıştır. 15 Eylül 1997'de Kuzey Irak'a düzenlenen Operasyon Kuzey İzleme'de 39. Hava Kanat Komutanlığındaki mülkleri desteklemek ve komuta etmek için kullanılır hale getirildiği belirtildi.

15 Temmuz 2016 tarihindeki darbe girişiminde 3 adet tanker uçağı darbeye katılan uçaklara yakıt ikmali için İncirlik Hava Üssü'nden havalanmıştır.

İncirlik'ten keşif görevleri
Varlığının ilk yıllarında bile, Türkiye'de İncirlik Hava Üssü varlığının değeri sadece Soğuk Savaş sırasında komünist Sovyetler Birliği tehdidine karşı değil, aynı zamanda Ortadoğu'daki Lübnan ve İsrail krizlerine bir cevap olduğunu kanıtladı.

1958 Lübnan krizi

Eğitim üssü olarak kullanımı
Lübnan krizinden sonra Taktiksel Hava Komutanlığı, Birleşik Devletler'den İncirliğe 100 günlük vardiyalarla F-100 filoları gönderdi. İncirlikteki uçuş görevleri 1970 yılında Türk Hava Kuvvetleri'nin Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Avrupa Komutanlığı'na havadan karaya füzelerini kullanmaya izin vermesiyle genişletildi.

Ambargo
1975'in ortasında Türk hükûmeti Türkiyedeki Birleşik Devletlere ait askeri üslerinin kapatılacağını ve Türk Hava Kuvvetlerini transfer edileceğini duyurdu. Bu hamle 1974'te Kıbrıs Harekâtı sırasında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Kongresi'nin Türkiyeye ambargo uygulamasına karşılık olarak verilmişti. Sadece İncirlik Hava Üssü ve Çiğli Hava Üssü NATO misyonlarından dolayı aktif kaldı ancak bu bölgedeki diğer tüm üsler askıya alındı.

Kongre, 1978 yılında ambargoyu kaldırdıktan ve Türkiyeye askeri desteği yeniden sağladıktan sonra, Birleşik Devletler ve Türkiye arasında 29 Mart 1980'de Savunma ve Ekonomik İşbirliği Antlaşması (SEİA) imzalandı.

Birinci Körfez Savaşı, İnsani Yardım ve Northern Watch Operasyonu

11 Eylül 2001 Saldırıları
11 Eylül 2001 saldırılarına  yanıt olarak, Kalıcı Özgürlük Operasyonu (OEF) Ekim 2001'de başladı. İncirlik, insani hava ikmal operasyonları, MC-130 özel operasyon görevleri, KC-135 yakıt ikmali görevi, Guantanamo Körfezi'ne mahkum nakliyesi (C-17'den C-141'lere geçiş) ve konuşlandırılmış kuvvetler için idame operasyonları dahil olmak üzere Afganistan'daki savaşa destek görevleri için ana merkez olarak hizmet etti. Hava limanı, OEF yüksekliği sırasında hava akışında 6 kat artış sağladı. Afganistan'daki ana üsler (Bagram Havaalanı) ve Özbekistan hava üssü (Karshi-Khanabad Hava Üssü) kullanımdayken, İncirlik'in OEF'yi destekleyen hava akımı, temel bir idame seviyesine düştü.

Irak Savaşı

2005 Keşmir depreminde insani yardım
İncirlik, 8 Ekim 2005'te gerçekleşen 2005 Keşmir depreminde insani yardım sağlayarak köprü görevi gördü. Amerikan ve Türk havacıların yardımıyla, İtalya, Britanya, Yunanistan ve Fransa'daki beş C-130 Hercules kargo uçağı 10,000 çadır dahil olmak üzere acil yardım malzemelerini İskenderun, Türkiye'deki BMMYK merkezinden Afganistan'a 19 Ekim'de taşıdı.

2006 Hizbullah-İsrail Savaşı
2006 Lübnan Savaşı'ndan önce Eylül 2006'da, İncirlik Hava Üssü Beyrut, Lübnan'dan Mersin, Türkiye'ye tahliye edilen Amerikalılara moral verilmesi için kullanıldı.

2010 toprak davaları

2015'te Suriye operasyonları

Ayrıca bakınız
 ABD-Türkiye ilişkileri

Dış bağlantılar
 İncirlik Hava Üssü resmi sitesi

Kaynakça

Adana ilinde ulaşım
Türkiye'deki havalimanları
Sarıçam
NATO
Türk Hava Kuvvetleri üsleri
15 Temmuz Darbe Girişimi

İncirlik Hava Üssü


Benlikuyu, Eskişehir ilinin Sivrihisar ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Köyümuzun adı Çayırpınar mevkiinde bulunan bir kuyudan almaktadır

Coğrafya
Eskişehir iline 128 km., Sivrihisar ilçesine 28 km. uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

Sivrihisar'ın mahalleleri

Benlikuyu, Sivrihisar


Der Planungsverband Äußerer Wirtschaftsraum München (PV) ist ein freiwilliger, partnerschaftlicher Zusammenschluss von rund 160 Städten, Märkten und Gemeinden, acht Landkreisen und der Landeshauptstadt München und wurde 1950 als kommunaler Zweckverband gegründet. Im Unterschied zum freiwilligen PV ist der Regionale Planungsverband München(RPV) der gesetzlich vorgesehene Zusammenschluss der Kommunen in der Planungsregion München und damit nicht zu verwechseln.

Der PV vertritt kommunale Interessen und engagiert sich für die Zusammenarbeit seiner Mitglieder sowie für eine zukunftsfähige Entwicklung des Wirtschaftsraums München. Die Mitarbeiter beraten die Mitglieder in allen Fragen ihrer räumlichen Entwicklung und übernehmen für sie vielfältige Planungsaufgaben, von Bauleitplänen über Strukturgutachten bis hin zu Schulbedarfsanalysen. Sie erstellen verschiedene Publikationen zu Daten, regionalen Themen sowie Planungsfragen und informieren über aktuelle Fachthemen. Die PV-Veranstaltungen bieten eine Plattform für den Meinungs- und Erfahrungsaustausch.

Organisation
Der Verband ist ein Zweckverband nach dem Gesetz über die kommunale Zusammenarbeit. Der Verband ist eine Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts.

Seine Organe sind:
 Verbandsversammlung (166 Verbandsräte)
 Verbandsausschuss (7 Mitglieder)
 Verbandsvorsitzender Christoph Göbel, Landrat Landkreis München

Er betreibt eine Geschäftsstelle mit ca. 50 Mitarbeitern, die auch planerische Dienstleistungen für die Mitglieder übernimmt.

Finanziert wird der Verband durch Umlagen und Vergütungen für Planungsarbeiten. Die Umlagen werden jährlich mit der Haushaltssatzung festgelegt und beschlossen.

Leistungen
Verbandsmitglieder können die Geschäftsstelle als Planer und Berater beauftragen. Angebote sind städtebauliche Pläne, Konzepte und Gutachten, Beratungs- und Koordinationsleistungen sowie Informationsdienste. Seit Gründung des Verbands haben sich Schwerpunkte planerischer Arbeit verschoben: neben den Planinhalten erlangen heute informelle Planungen, integrierte Konzepte, Beteiligungsformate (klassische Bürgerbeteiligungen und Online-Beteiligungen mit PPGIS) sowie die Steuerung und Moderation von (Planungs-)Prozessen zunehmende Bedeutung, ebenso wie Analysen und Prognosen für Bedarfsplanungen für Schulen und Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen.

Ortsplanung
Die Tätigkeiten umfassen Planungsleistungen nach dem Baugesetzbuch sowie für informelle Planungen. Im Vordergrund stehen Flächennutzungspläne sowie alle Arten von Bebauungsplänen, z. B. für Wohn- und Gewerbegebiete, Gemeinbedarfs- und Sporteinrichtungen, Ortsmitten, die Umstrukturierung oder Nachverdichtung bereits bebauter Gebiete. Es werden auch Verwaltungsleistungen erbracht.

Wohnraum
Der Verband befasst sich mit Ideen und Konzepten, wie Städte und Gemeinden in der Region München erschwinglichen Wohnraum für Normalverdiener, Einkommensschwächere oder Ortsansässige schaffen können.

Mobilität
Die Geschäftsstelle arbeitet vor allem im Schnittfeld von Verkehrsplanung und Siedlungsentwicklung und kooperiert je nach Aufgabenstellung mit Ingenieurbüros für Verkehrs- und Tiefbauplanung. Sie erstellt Konzepte für den Rad- und Fußverkehr sowie integrierte Verkehrskonzepte auf örtlicher und überörtlicher Ebene, berät Gemeinden aber auch bei kleinräumigen städtebaulichen Projekten, wie z. B. dem Bau von P+R-Anlagen oder der Umgestaltung von Straßenräumen.

Der PV erstellte das Konzept zum RadlRing München sowie eine Potenzialanalyse für Radschnellverbindungen Radschnellweg in der Region München.

Wettbewerbe und VOF-Verfahren
Zur Planung und Umsetzung kommunaler Projekte werden Verbandsmitglieder bei hochbaulichen und städtebaulichen Architektenwettbewerben sowie komplexen Vergabeverfahren, wie VGV-Verfahren, beraten.

Regionalentwicklung
Das Referat Regionalentwicklung beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung des Wirtschaftsraums München insgesamt sowie seiner Teilräume und Gemeinden. Wichtige Aufgaben in diesem Themenfeld sind die Herausgabe von Publikationen zur Gemeinde-, Kreis- und Regionsstatistik und vertiefende Analysen zu interessanten Aspekten der regionalen Entwicklung. Außerdem erstellt die Geschäftsstelle des PV auch regionsweit bedeutsame Prognosen.

Der Verband arbeitet in vielen regionalen Projektgruppen (z. B. sogenannten Inzellrunde zur Verkehrsentwicklung, Regionaler Nahverkehrsplan, AGs der EMM) mit und bringt seine Expertise sowie Ideen für eine gemeinsame Regionalentwicklung ein.

Fachinformation
Es werden regelmäßige Fachveranstaltungen und Workshops zu Themen wie Wohnen, Mobilität, Landschaft & Freiraum sowie Digitalisierung angeboten.

Es werden unterschiedliche Fachpublikationen erstellt:

 Die jährlich erscheinenden Regionsdaten präsentieren ausgewählten Indikatoren, z. B.  Bevölkerungs-, Wirtschafts- oder Arbeitsmarktstruktur, in der Region München.
 Ebenso werden mit Kreisdaten und Gemeindedaten ausgewählte und zu Indikatoren verarbeitete, statistische Daten (Tabellen und Diagramme) über einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren, u. a. über die Entwicklung von Bevölkerung, Arbeitsmarkt, Steueraufkommen, Wohnungswesen, Pendleraufkommen, Verkehr, Flächennutzung und Bodenpreise veröffentlicht.
 Regelmäßig erscheinen Informationsblätter zu aktuellen Themen rund um die Bauleitplanung und Regionalentwicklung

Mitglieder
Zu den Mitgliedern zählen die Landeshauptstadt München, acht Landkreise der Region München (Dachau, Ebersberg, Erding, Freising, Fürstenfeldbruck, Landsberg am Lech, München und Starnberg), rund 160 Städte, Märkte und Gemeinden im Wirtschaftsraum München.

Geschichte
Der Verband wurde im Februar 1950 von 38 Städten und Gemeinden, der Landeshauptstadt München und den Landkreisen Ebersberg, München, Starnberg und Wolfratshausen gegründet. Seither ist der Verband stetig gewachsen.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

Zweckverband (Deutschland)
Munchen
Organisation (München)
Gegründet 1950


Velika nagrada Brazila (službeno:Formula 1 Grande Prêmio Heineken do Brasil 2017) utrka je bolida Formule 1. Održana je 12. studenog 2017. godine na stazi Interlagos u São Paolu. Bila je to devetnaesta utrka sezone 2017.

Sudionici utrke

* Zamjena, treći vozač

Izvještaj

Treninzi
Britanac Lewis Hamilton u Mercedesu je bio najbrži na prva dva slobodna treninga u petak. U subotu na trećem slobodnom treningu, najbrže vrijeme ostvario je Hamiltonov momčadski kolega, Finac Valtteri Bottas.

Kvalifikacije
U prvoj kvalifikacijskoj rundi, Hamilton je već u prvom krugu izgubio nadzor nad bolidom, završio u zidu i za njega su kvalifikacije bile završene. Nakon što su nakratko prekinute, kvalifikacije su se nastavile nakon malo više od pet minuta. Romain Grosjean u Haasu je vozio s prepolovljenim T-krilom, ali to ga nije spriječilo da odradi solidan krug. U drugoj kvalifikacijskoj rundi, pomalo neočekivano, ispao je Francuz Esteban Ocon. Pri kraju kvalifikacija kiša je malo pojačala. Bottas je osvojio svoju treću najbolji startnu poziciju, s četiri stotinke prednosti ispred Sebastiana Vettela u Ferrariju.

Utrka
Vettel je imao bolji start od Bottasa i preuzeo vodeću poziciju. Daniel Ricciardo se izvrtio nakon kontakta sa Stoffelom Vandoorneom, u kojeg je prethodno udario Kevin Magnussen. Vandoorne i Magnussen su odustali, dok je Ricciardo nastavio utrku. Grosjean i Ocon također su imali dodir i obojica su izletjeli sa staze. Ocon je odustao, a Grosjean nastavio utrku uz 10 sekundi kazne, nakon što je proglašen krivim za sudar. Već u prvom krugu, safety car je izašao na stazu. Fernando Alonso i Felipe Massa su napredovali do 5. i 6. mjesta.

Nakon odlaska safety cara sa staze, Massa je odmah iskoristio priliku i prošao Alonsa u prvom zavoju. Hamilton je bez problema prolazio vozače i nakon devet krugova je bio na desetom mjestu. Ricciardo je sa začelja također brzo nadoknađivao pozicije. U 14. krugu, Hamilton je prošao Sergija Péreza za sedmo mjesto. Vettel je na vrhu imao malo više od dvije sekundi prednosti u odnosu na Bottasa. Hamilton se u 18. krugu približio Alonsu i Massi. Britanac je prošao Alonsa u 20. krugu, a Massu već sljedeći krug.

Bottas je prvi od vodećih otišao u boks. U sljedećem krugu to su odradili Vettel i Max Verstappen. Vettel se uspio vratiti na stazu ispred Bottasa. Nakon što je boks odradio i Kimi Räikkönen, Hamilton je preuzeo vodeću poziciju. Brendon Hartley je u 42. krugu morao otići u boks i završiti utrku zbog problema na bolidu. Hamilton je u boks otišao u 44. krugu i vratio se na stazu na peto mjesto. U istom krugu u boks je otišao i Ricciardo. Alonso je bio konstantno na sekundu zaostatka iza Masse, ali ga nije uspijevao preći. Hamilton je bez većih problema u 59. krugu prošao Verstappena za četvrto mjesto.

U samoj završnici utrke, Hamilton i Räikkönen su vodili borbu za treće mjesto, ali Britanac nije uspio preći naprijed. U zadnjem krugu, dogodio se troboj između Masse, Alonsa i Péreza, ali su svi vozači zadržali svoje pozicije. S nešto više od dvije sekunde prednosti ispred Bottasa, Vettel je došao do svoje 47. pobjede u Formuli 1.

Najbrža vremena treninga

Rezultati kvalifikacija

 – Daniel Ricciardo je dobio 10 mjesta kazne na gridu zbog promjene elemenata pogonske jedinice.
 – Brendon Hartley je dobio 10 mjesta kazne na gridu zbog promjene elemenata pogonske jedinice.
 – Pierre Gasly je dobio 25 mjesta kazne na gridu zbog promjene elemenata pogonske jedinice.
 – Lance Stroll je dobio 5 mjesta kazne na gridu zbog promjene mjenjača.

Rezultati utrke

 – Lewis Hamilton je startao iz boksa.

Zanimljivosti

Vozači
 47. pobjeda za Sebastiana Vettela.
 21. postolje za Valtterija Bottasa.
 91. postolje za Kimija Räikkönena.
 3. najbolja startna pozicija za Valtterija Bottasa.

Konstruktor
 229. pobjeda za Ferrari.
 87. najbolja startna pozicija za Mercedes.

Ukupan poredak nakon 19 od 20 utrka

 Velika nagrada Meksika 2017. - Prošla utrka ← Formula 1 – sezona 2017. → Sljedeća utrka -  Velika nagrada Abu Dhabija 2017.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 2017 Brazilian Grand Prix StatsF1

Brazil-2017
Brazil

Velika nagrada Brazila 2017.


Erik Ingemann Nielsen, radiovært forfatter, konferencier og journalist ( født i Randers 1959) opfandt i 2017 Brunsvigerens Dag, som fejres hvert år den 11. oktober. I forbindelse med Brunsvigerens Dag udnævnes hvert år brunsvigerambassadører. Blandt ambassadører er den fynske sangstjerne MØ, tv-kokken Claus Holm, den socialdemokratiske forsvarsminister Trine Bramsen, klimaminister Dan Jørgensenen og en stribe af andre primært fynske kendisser. Erik Ingemann Nielsen udgav i 2019 Bogen om Brunsvigeren på forlaget Turbine. Han medvirker desuden i 2021 i tv-programmet Ingemann og Fyn. I 2018 lavede Erik Ingemann Nielsen sammen med radiovært Jesper Lind årets mest aflyttede radioprogram, da de den 30 september udkom på DR P4 med et 6-times direkte mindeprogram i anledning af Kim Larsens død. Erik Nielsen er kendt som sportsjournalist, hvor han i 19 sæsoner kommenterede sport på DRs P3. Han har arbejdet på TV Aalborg 1988-91, TV 2/Bornholm 1993-94, Horsens Folkeblad 1994-97. Danmark Radio på Fyn 1997-.
Erik Nielsen har udgivet bøgerne Sportens Stemmer ( 2013) om danske sportskommentatorer på radio og tv, Gudmekongerne - Bogen om GOG (2017, Bogen om Brunsvigere ( 2019). Erik Nielsen har oversat den prisvindende fodboldbog 32 Programmer af Dave Roberts (2013).

Sportsjournalister fra Danmark

Erik Ingemann Nielsen


Comment devenir beau, riche et célèbre ! est une comédie romantique américaine réalisée par Savage Steve Holland et sortie en 1989.

Synopsis

Fiche technique
 Titre original : How I Got into College
 Réalisation : Savage Steve Holland
 Scénario : Terrel Seltzer
 Musique : Joseph Vitarelli
 Décors : Kathe Klopp et Richard Reynolds
 Costumes : Taryn De Chellis
 Photographie : Robert Elswit
 Montage : Kaja Fehr et Sonya Sones Tramer
 Producteur : Michael Shamberg
 Coproducteur : Elizabeth Cantillon
 Producteur associé : James Herbert
 Sociétés de production : 20th Century Fox
 Société de distribution : 20th Century Fox
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : anglais
 Format : couleur — 2,35:1
 Genre : comédie romantique
 Durée : 86 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 États-Unis :

Acteurs principaux
 Corey Parker : Marlon Browne
 Lara Flynn Boyle : Jessica Kailo
 Anthony Edwards : Kip Hammett
 Finn Carter : Nina Sachie
 Charles Rocket : Leo Whitman
 Christopher Rydell : Oliver
 Brian Doyle-Murray : Coach Evans
 O-Lan Jones : Sall O'Connor
 Tichina Arnold : Vera Cook
 Bruce Wagner : A
 Tom Kenny : B
 Bill Raymond : Flutter
 Philip Baker Hall : Dean Patterson
 Nicolas Coster :  Phillip Jellinak Sr.
 Richard Jenkins : Bill Browne
 Phil Hartman : Benedict
 Nora Dunn : Francine Bauer
 Duane Davis : Ronny Rawlson
 Diane Franklin : Sharon Browne
 Robert Ridgely : George Kailo
 Micole Mercurio : Betty Kailo
 Bill Henderson : le coach
 Richard Steven Horvitz : le jeune ingénieur
 Curtis Armstrong : le recruteur de l'Arcadia Bible Academy
 Taylor Negron : le postier

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 1989
Comédie romantique américaine
Film se déroulant à Los Angeles
Film tourné en Californie
Film réalisé par Savage Steve Holland


Joseph Doerflinger, né le  à Mulhouse et décédé le  à Milwaukee, est un pilote français, pionnier de l'aéropostale.

Biographie
Il est le fils d'Albert Doerflinger et de Marie Bentz. Il est né Allemand dans une Alsace-Lorraine annexée depuis 1871.

Première Guerre mondiale
Au début du conflit, il s'engage pour devenir pilote dans l'armée de l'air allemande. Mais, à  il est trop jeune. Il est affecté à l'armée de terre et combat au Hartmannswillerkopf et dans le secteur de Verdun. À l'Est, il combat en Galicie contre les russes.

En 1917, il demande son affectation dans l'armée de l'air allemande. Il est formé à Hanovre et à Halberstadt et fait son premier vol le . À sa sortie d'école, ses résultats lui valent d'être affecté à l'escadrille du baron Mandfred Von Richthofen le « Baron rouge ». Il est sous-officier, n'étant pas de la noblesse et ne disposant pas de titre universitaire, il ne peut pas devenir officier.

Il est abattu deux fois et compte  aériennes.

Après-guerre
À la fin de la guerre, il s'engage dans l'armée de l'air française. Il est affecté à l'école d'aviation militaire d'Istres où on lui demande de repasser son brevet de pilote qu'il obtient le . Ses résultats lui valent d'être nommé instructeur.

Il a, entre autres, comme élèves célèbres, Jean Mermoz.

À la fin de son contrat en , il devient pilote commercial aux Lignes Aériennes Latécoère où il assure le service postale entre Toulouse et Casablanca. Il obtient son brevet de pilote d'avions de transport public le .

En 1924, ses qualités de pilotage lui permettent de devenir le recordman mondial de la sécurité en vol avec  parcourus sans accident.

Le , il épouse, à Duppigheim, Marie-Anne Hodapp qui est la sœur d'un de ses anciens élèves. Ils auront .

En 1925, il assure les liaisons entre Casablanca et Dakar et à partir de 1927, celles entre Marseille et Perpignan. Il est, aussi, pilote d'essai sur les avions et hydravions Latécoères.

En 1928, il s'expatrie aux États-Unis où il poursuit sa carrière de pilote de ligne pour la compagnie Universal Ail Lines. Puis à partir de 1933, d'instructeur au sol dans une école privée de l'état du Milwauke. En 1943, l'école ferme et il met fin à sa carrière.

En 1936, il obtient la nationalité américaine.

En 1959, il écrit ses mémoires dans un livre :  Stepchild Pilot.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes

 Compagnie générale aéropostale
 Liste de pilotes et navigants de l'Aéropostale

Liens externes

Naissance en mai 1898
Naissance à Mulhouse
Naissance dans le district de Haute-Alsace
Pilote de l'Aéropostale
Décès en octobre 1970
Décès à Milwaukee
Pionnier de l'aviation
Aviateur allemand de la Première Guerre mondiale
Aviateur français
Décès à 72 ans

Joseph Doerflinger


Charles Adolphe Louis Poidlouë est un aviateur militaire, auteur dramatique et industriel français, né le  à Brest et mort le  à Paris .

Il est le frère de Marthe Bréga, épouse de Maurice Jaubert.

Biographie
Charles Poidlouë est pilote au sein de l'escadrille 126.

En 1920, il est pilote-conférencier à l'aérodrome de Toussus-le-Noble (Yvelines).

En 1923, il est secrétaire de rédaction du journal L'Éclair.

En 1925, il publie un traité technique du vol à voile et réalise un documentaire sur les avions sans moteur.

En 1926, il est fait Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur. La croix lui est remise par Georges Valois, en présence de Jacques Arthuys, Marcel Bucard, Robert Bourget-Pailleron, Georges Oudard, Philippe Lamour et Lusignac. Charles Poidlouë est alors secrétaire de rédaction du journal Le Nouveau Siècle.

La même année, il épouse Julienne de Gonzalves.

Théâtre
 1923 : Les Crucifiés, de Charles Poidlouë et André-Paul Antoine, joué au théâtre du Grand-guignol
 1923 : Pincette, opérette de Jacques Ardot et Charles Poidlouë, musique de Victor Alix
 1924 : Le Petit Geste, opérette en 3 actes de Jacques Ardot et Charles Poidlouë, musique de Victor Alix
 1925 : Fable bolchevique, de Charles Poidlouë et Ilia Mikaeloff, au studio des Champs-Elysées
 1930 : L'As, de Charles Poidlouë et Blanche Alix

Cinéma
 1940 : Ceux du ciel, adaptation par Yvan Noé de la pièce L'As de Blanche Alix et Charles Poidlouë

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Base Léonore

Aviateur français de la Première Guerre mondiale
Dramaturge français du XXe siècle
Industriel français du XXe siècle
Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur
Naissance en janvier 1896
Naissance à Brest
Décès en avril 1951
Décès dans le 8e arrondissement de Paris
Décès à 55 ans

Charles Poidlouë


Crnooka suzana (crne oči suzane, Suzanino crno oko, lat. Thunbergia alata), biljna vrsta iz roda tunbergija (Thunbergia), porodica primogovki, autohtona u tropskoj istočnoj Africi, ali udomaćena po mnogim državama, uključujući i Hrvatsku, gdje se uzgaja kao ukrasna biljka.

Crnooka suzana je zeljasta trajnica koja raste kao penjačica. Može narasti do dva metra. Ime je dobiloa po crnom središtu cvijeta uokvirenom s pet žutih latica, a hrvatski naziv priejvod je engleskog imena black–eyed Susan. Cvate od sredine lipnja do jeseni. Postoje kultivari s drugim bojama latica i središta.

Sadi se kao ukrasna biljka za ograde i zidove, često u visećim košarama. Ne tolerira sušu i zahtijeva redovito zalijevanje.

Izvori

Thunbergioideae

Crnooka suzana


Abildgård eller Abildgaard er et gammelt dansk ord for æblehave og kan desuden henvise til:

 Abildgaard (slægter) – navnet på en uddød dansk uradelsslægt og på en række borgerlige danske (dansk-norske) slægter.
 Abildgård Sogn – et sogn i Frederikshavn Provsti (Aalborg Stift).
 Abildgård Kirke – en kirke i Frederikshavn

Abildgård


An Schoenoplectiella leucantha in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Johann Otto Boeckeler, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Kaare Arnstein Lye. An Schoenoplectiella leucantha in nahilalakip ha genus nga Schoenoplectiella, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo diri gud kababarak-an. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Schoenoplectiella

Schoenoplectiella leucantha


نادي الاتحاد الرياضي لتمارة هو نادٍ رياضي مغربي من مدينة تمارة ممارس بدوري الدرجة الثانية المغربي . تأسس سنة 1969 . يعد النادي الأول في المدينة، ويشكل مع نادي نادي وداد تمارة قطبي كرة القدم في مدينة تمارة .

وصلات خارجية
  الموقع الرسمي للقناة الرياضية المغربية
  موقع جريدة المنتخب المغربية المتخصصة في أخبار الرياضة المغربية
  موقع البطولة كوم المختص بأخبار الدوري المغربي.

أندية رياضية في المغرب
أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1969
أندية كرة قدم في المغرب
تأسيسات سنة 1969 في المغرب

نادي اتحاد تمارة


Marie-José Denys (15 de março de 1950 - 12 de janeiro de 2022) foi uma política francesa. Membro do Partido Socialista, serviu no Parlamento Europeu de 1989 a 1994 e novamente de 1997 a 1999. Ela faleceu no dia 12 de janeiro de 2022, aos 71 anos.

Políticos da França do século XXI
Políticos da França do século XX
Mortos em 2022
Nascidos em 1950
Mulheres da França na política
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Mulheres)
Membros do Partido Socialista (França)
Deputados da França no Parlamento Europeu

Marie-José Denys


Sauvagesia sprengelii est une espèce herbacée de la famille des Ochnaceae.

Description

Sauvagesia sprengelii est une herbacée ou un sous-arbrisseau à base ligneuse,  à tiges d'un brun-rougeâtre, et haute de .

Les feuilles mesurent  sont  subcoriaces, planes, rapprochées, sub-sessiles, de forme lancéolées, aiguës, à marge obscurément denticulées-calleuses, à nervures latérales visibles au dessus.
Les stipules sont de forme linéaire, de couleur brun rouge, longues de , avec une frange de cils courts.

L'inflorescence est racémiforme, terminale, composée de fleurs solitaires ou de cymes pauciflores à l'aisselle de petites feuilles.

Les sépales sont inégaux, de forme oblongue à aiguës.
La corolle est composée de pétales de forme obovale, de couleur rose à pourpre, longs de .
Les staminodes internes sont pétaloïdes, de forme elliptique, et celles externes sont généralement présentes.

Les fruits sont des capsules de forme conique, dépassant les sépales, à placentation pariétale.

Taxons infra-spécifiques
Sauvagesia sprengelii comporte 2 variétés reconnues :
 Sauvagesia sprengelii var. capilipes Huber, 1915
 Sauvagesia sprengelii var. sprengelii

Répartition
Sauvagesia sprengelii est présente à Trinidad, au Venezuela (Bolívar : Ilú-tepui, haut Río Caroní, Río Paragua, Sierra de Lema), au Guyana, au Suriname, en Guyane, et au Brésil (Amapá, Pará, Amazonas, Rio Branco, Bahia, Ceará, Paraiba, Rio de Janeiro).

Écologie
En Guyane Sauvagesia sprengelii est un herbe qui fleurit en Octobre-Juillet, et croît sur sol à engorgement par l'eau jusqu'à la surface : dans les savanes, sur des sols à gley, argilo-siliceux très tassés, associée à Hypolytrum pulchrum (Rudge) H. Pfeiffer, Polygala oppressa Benth., Utricularia hispida Lamarck, Comolia Iythrarioïdes (Stend.) Naud., ou dans des savanes à touradons associée à Utricularia nana St. Hil., U. subulata L., U. hispida Lamarck, Habenaria leprieuri Reich, f., Pogona tenuis Reich, f., Polygala adenophora DC.

On la trouve autour de  au Venezuela.

La biologie de la reproduction de Sauvagesia sprengelii, (phénologie, fleur, pollinisation, système de sélection) été étudiée dans un vestige de la forêt atlantique au Brésil. Les fleurs sont pollinisées par des abeilles Bombus brevivillus Franklin, Florilegus similis Urban, Xylocopa muscaria Fabricius.

Elles sont pollinisée au Suriname par et des Melipona.

Utilisation
On prête à Sauvagesia sprengelii les mêmes propriétés que pour Sauvagesia erecta.

Protologue
En 1775, le botaniste Aublet propose le protologue suivant pour Sauvagesia erecta Aubl., 1775 (synonyme de Sauvagesia sprengelii A. St.-Hil., 1723) :

En 1823, Saint-Hilaire propose le protologue suivant pour Sauvagesia sprengelii A. St.-Hil., 1723 :

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des plantes décrites par Fusée-Aublet

Liens externes

Ochnaceae
Espèce d'Angiospermes (nom scientifique)
Plante décrite par Aublet

Sauvagesia sprengelii


Die Autobahn Daqing-Guangzhou oder Daguang-Autobahn (), chin. Abk. G45, ist eine Autobahn in China, die von der Stadt Daqing in der nordöstlichen Provinz Heilongjiang über Peking zur südchinesischen Metropole Guangzhou (Kanton) in Guangdong verläuft. Die Autobahn wird nach Fertigstellung eine Länge von 3.550 km erreichen.

Einzelnachweise

Autobahn in der Volksrepublik China
Straße in Asien
Straße in Heilongjiang
Straße in Jilin
Straße in der Inneren Mongolei
Straße in Hebei
Straße in Peking
Straße in Henan
Straße in Hubei
Straße in Jiangxi
Straße in Guangdong
Daqing

Autobahn Daqing-Guangzhou


La Agencia Árabe Siria de Noticias (; conocida por la sigla SANA, )  es la agencia nacional y oficial del Estado Sirio. Fue fundada en 1965 y está vinculada al Ministerio de Información del estado del medio oriente, con sede en la ciudad de Damasco.

Cobertura
SANA da cobertura a todas las actividades nacionales sirias, árabes e internacionales en un marco noticioso basado en dar a conocer los hechos y ser equilibrado en la cobertura informativa, así también implementar las tecnologías modernas de la información que ayudan al funcionamiento de las agencias de noticias. Cuenta con personal activo en la sede central, así como también con corresponsales en todos los ministerios e instituciones estatales sirias, y en oficinas internacionales de la agencia ubicadas en Beirut, París, Moscú, Jordania, Teherán, Kuwait, Egipto, Libia, Turquía y Roma, incluyendo además la presencia de unos 43 corresponsales en los demás países árabes y extranjeros en todas partes del mundo.

Los servicios de la agencia

SANA emite diariamente más de 500 noticias en idioma árabe, además de boletines en inglés, francés, español y turco, así como distribuye más de 150 imágenes fotográficas a diario.

Portal electrónico y servicios

El portal electrónico de la agencia presta servicios mediáticos, políticos, económicos, culturales y variados en los idiomas árabe, inglés, francés, español y turco además de servicios en imágenes. Este portal es considerado uno de los sitios informativos pioneros en Siria al que se dedica un personal especializado de periodistas y técnicos que siguen las labores de redacción, publicación y gestión durante 24 horas al día.
El portal presta también el servicio de noticias urgentes y noticieros variados a los suscriptos por medio del correo electrónico.
SANA publica también boletines especializados en los campos de la economía, la cultura, el deporte, el medio ambiente, la salud y otros temas.
La agencia presta los servicio de multimedia a través de los mensajes electrónicos SMS y MMS.
La agencia emite sus servicios noticiosos, a nivel interno, por medio del internet o por circuitos arrendados, mientras que a nivel externo emite a través de la Agencia Francesa de Prensa, la emisión satelital o a través de las suscripciones a los servicios de intercambio de archivos FTP, además de las suscripciones por internet.

Convenios y Noticias

SANA mantiene convenios bilaterales con todas las agencias árabes y numerosas agencias noticiosas islámicas e internacionales.

La Agencia Árabe Siria de Noticias (SANA) es miembro fundador de varios organismos mediáticos internacionales como la Federación de Agencias Árabes de Noticias, la Liga de Agencias de la Cuenca del Mediterráneo y la Organización de las Agencias del Sudeste Asiático.
Finalmente queda por destacar que Sana edifica su política informativa en base de las posturas y constantes nacionales de nuestro país así como de su respaldo a las causas árabe-islámicas, y también en base del derecho y la justicia internacionales, teniendo como meta final resaltar la imagen de la civilización, cultura nacional y humana de Siria.

Organización
La Dirección de la Agencia la asume el Consejo Directivo
El Director General – Jefe de Redacción
Asistentes del Director General
Directores de las Direcciones, Departamentos y Despachos

Organigrama de la Agencia
Director General
Depto. de Redacción
Depto. de Asuntos Administrativos
Depto. de Servicios Técnicos
Depto. de Asuntos Financieros
Depto. de Supervisión Interna
El Dpto. de Planificación y Estadística
Dpto. de Capacitación y Entrenamiento
Dpto. de Relaciones Públicas

Directores Generales de SANA

 Fawaz Jundi (1965–1966)

 Hussein al-Awdat (1966–1971)

 Marwan al-Hamwi (1971–1975)

 Dr. Saber Falhout (1975–1991)

 Dr. Fayez al-Sayegh (1991–2000)

 Ali Abdul Karim (2000–2002)

 Ghazi al-Zeeb (2002–2004)

 Dr. Adnan Mahmoud (2004–2011)

 Ahmad Dawa (2011–2017)

 Abderrahim Ahmed (2017–2021)

 Iyad Wannous (2021–presente)

Durante la Guerra Civil Siria

Durante los eventos de Guerra Civil Siria, la agencia es el portavoz y medio de información oficial del gobierno de Bashar al-Asad, y por ende, la defensa mediática del bando leal dentro como fuera de sus fronteras.

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial en inglés
 Página oficial en español
 Facebook de SANA Noticias

Agencias de información

Agencia Árabe Siria de Noticias


Alfred Lothar Wegener (1 Kasım 1880, Berlin - 2 Kasım 1930, Grönland), Alman meteorolog ve yerbilimci.

Gökbilim, meteoroloji ve yerbilim alanlarında çalışmıştır. Kıta kayması kuramını ortaya koymuştur. Wegener, bu konu hakkındaki görüşlerini ilk olarak 1912 yılında ortaya koymuştur. 'Kıtaların ve Okyanusların Kökeni' adlı eserini 1915 yılında yayınlamıştır. Bu kitapta; başlangıçta tüm kıtaların Pangea adında tek bir kıta olduğunu, sonradan parçalanıp dağılarak zamanla günümüzdeki yerlerine ulaştığını ileri sürmüştür. Kuzey Kutbu'nun araştırılmasında katkıları olmuştur. Ayrıca kıtaların ayrılması ve günümüzdeki konumuna gelmesi hakkında fikirleri de vardır.

Hayatı
Berlin'de doğan Wegener, 1904 yılında Berlin Üniversitesi'nden gökbilim dalında doktorasını aldı. Bununla birlikte çoğunlukla jeofizikle ilgilendi. Gelişmekte olan meteoroloji ve klimatoloji bilimlerine de yakın ilgi duydu. Meteoroloji bilimine çözümleriyle birkaç kez katkıda bulundu. Hava dolaşımının izlenmesi için balonların kullanılmasına öncülük etti. Almanya'nın her tarafında kabul gören bir ders kitabı hazırladı.

1930 yılında Grönland'a yaptığı bir araştırma gezisi sırasında öldü.

Kaynakça

Berlin doğumlu bilim insanları
1930 yılında ölenler
Alman jeologlar
Alman meteorologlar
Alman jeofizikçiler
Marburg Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri
Kalp yetmezliğinden ölenler

Alfred Lothar Wegener


A diver propulsion vehicle (DPV), also known as an underwater propulsion vehicle, sea scooter, underwater scooter, or swimmer delivery vehicle (SDV) by armed forces, is an item of diving equipment used by scuba divers to increase range underwater. Range is restricted by the amount of breathing gas that can be carried, the rate at which that breathing gas is consumed, and the battery power of the DPV. Time limits imposed on the diver by decompression requirements may also limit safe range in practice. DPVs have recreational, scientific and military applications.

DPVs include a range of configurations from small, easily portable scooter units with a small range and low speed, to faired or enclosed units capable of carrying several divers longer distances at higher speeds.

The earliest recorded DPVs were used for military purposes during World War II and were based on torpedo technology and components.

Structure
A DPV usually consists of a pressure-resistant watertight casing containing a battery-powered electric motor, which drives a propeller.  The design must ensure that the propeller cannot harm the diver, diving equipment or marine life, the vehicle cannot be accidentally started or run away from the diver, and it remains approximately neutrally buoyant while in use underwater.

Application
DPVs are useful for extending the range of an autonomous diver that is otherwise restricted by the amount of breathing gas that can be carried, the rate at which that breathing gas is consumed, which is increased by exertion and diver fatigue, and the time limits imposed by decompression obligation, which depend on the dive profile. Typical uses include cave diving and technical diving where the vehicles help move bulky equipment and make better use of the limited underwater time imposed by the decompression requirements of deep diving. Military applications include delivery of combat divers and their equipment over distances or at speeds that would be otherwise impracticable. There are accessories that can be mounted to a DPV to make it more useful, such as lights, compasses, and video cameras. Use of a DPV on deep dives can reduce the risk of hypercapnia from overexertion and high breathing rate.

Limitations
DPV operation requires greater situational awareness than simply swimming, as some changes can happen much faster. Operating a DPV requires simultaneous depth control, buoyancy adjustment, monitoring of breathing gas, and navigation. Buoyancy control is vital for diver safety: The DPV has the capacity to dynamically compensate for poor buoyancy control by thrust vectoring while moving, but on stopping the diver may turn out to be dangerously positively or negatively buoyant if adjustments were not made to suit the changes in depth while moving.  If the diver does not control the DPV properly, a rapid ascent or descent under power can result in barotrauma or decompression sickness. High speed travel in confined spaces, or limited visibility can increase the risk of impact with the surroundings at speeds where injury and damage are more likely. Many forms of smaller marine life are very well camouflaged or hide well and are only seen by divers who move very slowly and look carefully. Fast movement and noise can frighten some fish into hiding or swimming away, and the DPV is bulky and affects precise manoeuvring at close quarters. The DPV occupies at least one hand while in use and may get in the way while performing precision work like macro photography. Since the diver is not kicking for propulsion, they will generally get colder due to lower physical activity and increased water flow. This can be compensated by appropriate thermal insulation. If the operation of the DPV is critical to exit from a long penetration dive, it is necessary to allow for alternative propulsion in case of a breakdown to ensure safe exit before the breathing gas runs out. Control of the DPV is additional task loading and can distract the diver from other matters. A DPV can increase the risk of a silt-out if the thrust is allowed to wash over the bottom.

History

Human torpedoes or manned torpedoes are a type of diver propulsion vehicle used as secret naval weapons in World War II. The name was commonly used to refer to the weapons that Italy, and later Britain, deployed in the Mediterranean and used to attack ships in enemy harbours.
The first human torpedo was the Italian Maiale ("Pig"). In operation, it was carried by another vessel (usually a normal submarine), and launched near the target. It was electrically propelled, with two crewmen in diving suits and rebreathers riding astride. They steered the torpedo at slow speed to the target, used the detachable warhead as a limpet mine and then rode the torpedo away. The nose of the torpedo was filled with pounds of TNT and would be hung under a ship's keel.

The idea was successfully applied by the Italian navy (Regia Marina) early in World War II and then copied by the British when they discovered how effective this weapon could be after three Italian units successfully penetrated the harbour of Alexandria and damaged the British battleships  and , and the tanker "Sagona." The official Italian name for their craft was "Siluro a Lenta Corsa" (SLC or "Slow-running torpedo"), but the Italian operators nicknamed it "Maiale" after their inventor Teseo Tesei said that it was making the noise of a pig while moored on the beach. The British versions were named "chariots".

The Motorised Submersible Canoe (MSC), nicknamed Sleeping Beauty, was built by British Special Operations Executive (SOE) during World War II as an underwater vehicle for a single frogman to perform clandestine reconnaissance or attacks against enemy vessels.

Types

Diver-tugs, tow-behind, scooters
The most common type of DPV tows the diver who holds onto handles on the stern or bow. Tow-behind scooters are most efficient by placing the diver parallel to and above the propeller wash. The diver wears a harness that includes a crotch-strap with a D-ring on the front of the strap. The scooter is rigged with a tow leash that clips to the scooter with releasable metal snap.

Swimmer delivery vehicles

Swimmer Delivery Vehicles (SDVs) are wet subs designed to transport frogmen from a combat swimmer unit or naval Special Forces underwater, over long distances. SDVs carry a pilot, co-pilot/navigator, and combat swimmer team and their equipment, to and from maritime mission objectives on land or at sea. The pilot and co-pilot are often a part of the swimmer team. An example of a modern SDV in use today is the SEAL Delivery Vehicle used by the United States Navy SEALs and British Special Boat Service.

For long-range missions, SDVs can carry their own onboard breathing gas supply to extend the range of the swimmer's scuba equipment.

SDVs are typically used to land special operations forces or plant limpet mines on the hull of enemy ships. In the former usage, they can land a combat swimmer team covertly on a hostile shore in order to conduct missions on land. After completing their mission, the team may return to the SDV to exfiltrate back to the mother-ship.  For extended missions on land, a team can be re-supplied by contact with other SDVs. In the latter usage, SDVs can stealthily plant mines and other bombs on ships or port infrastructure and then retreat to a safe distance before detonating the explosives. In addition to destroying targets, the SDV can mislead enemies as to where they are being attacked from. One type of SDV—the Mark 9 SEAL Delivery Vehicle—was also capable of firing torpedoes, giving it the standoff ability to attack from up to  away.

The origins of the SDV stems from the Italian human torpedoes and the British Motorised Submersible Canoe used during World War II.

Manned torpedoes

These are torpedo or fish-shaped vehicles for one or more divers typically sitting astride them or in hollows inside. The human torpedo was used to great effect by commando frogmen in World War II, who were able to sink more than 100,000 tons worth of ships in the Mediterranean alone. Similar vehicles have been made for work divers or sport divers but better streamlined as these do not have warheads; the Dolphin made on the Isle of Wight (UK) in the 1971s is an example.  Some Farallon and Aquazepp scooters are torpedo-shaped with handles near the bow and a raised seat at the rear to support the diver's crotch against the slipstream.
The Russian Protei-5 and Proton carry the diver attached to the top. The New Zealand made Proteus is strapped onto the diver's cylinder.

Subskimmers

The Subskimmer is a submersible rigid-hulled inflatable boat (RIB). On the surface it is powered by a petrol engine, when submerged the petrol engine is sealed and it runs on battery-electric thrusters mounted on a steerable cross-arm. It can self inflate and deflate, transforming itself from a fast, light, surface boat to a submerged DPV. Started in the 1970s by Submarine Products Ltd. of Hexham, Northumberland, England, Subskimmer is now a tradename owned by Marine Specialised Technology.

Wet subs

As DPVs get bigger they gradually merge into submarines. A wet sub is a small submarine where the crew spaces are flooded at ambient pressure and the crew must wear diving gear. Covert military operations use wet subs to deliver and retrieve operators into harbors and near-shore undetected.  An example is the Multi-Role Combatant Craft (MRCC).

Towed sleds

These are unpowered boards (usually rectangular) towed by a surface boat which function as diving planes. The diver holds onto the sled and may use a quick-release tether to reduce fatigue. Depth control while submerged is by adjusting the angle of attack. Sometimes known as manta-boards, after the manta ray. Towed sleds are useful for surveys and searches in good visibility in waters where there are not too many large obstacles. The route is largely controlled by the towing vessel, but the diver has a limited amount of control over vertical and lateral excursions.

Modern DPVs
DPVs currently in service include:

Italy
Cosmos CE2F series such as CE2F/X100-T
Two man DPV

Poland
Błotniak
One man DPV

Russia/USSR
Protei-5 Russian diver propulsion vehicle
One man DPV clipped on to the diver

Sirena DPV
Sirena DPV is a Soviet human torpedo around 8 m long with 53 cm diameter so that it can be launched from torpedo tubes. Sirena DPV can transport two divers with a maximum range of 11 nmi at speed of 2-4 kn, with maximum depth of 40 m.

Project 907 Triton 1
Project 907 Triton 1 is a 1.6 t Soviet DPV manned by 2 crew riding astride spindle-shaped vehicle. The vehicle can rest on the sea bed for up to 10 days before being restarted again thus allowing great operational flexibility.  Length is 5 m, beam and draft are both 1.4 m, and maximum depth is 40 m. The vehicle has a maximum range of 35 nmi with 6 hr endurance, and maximum speed is 6 kn.

Project 908 Triton 2
Project 908 Triton 2 is a 5.3 t Soviet DPV manned capable of carrying 6 crew. Although a wet sub, the design incorporates a system to maintain a constant pressure within the submarine regardless of depth.  Length is 9.5 m, beam is 2.0 m and draft is 2.2 m, and maximum depth is 40 m. The vehicle has a maximum range of 60 nmi with 12 hr endurance, and maximum speed is 6 kn.

Sweden
Swedish firm Defence Consulting Europe Aktiebolag (stock company, often abbreviated as DCE AB) has developed a family of SDV of modular design, all of them based on the same basic frame and general design principle, and current available versions include:

SEAL carrier
2 men crew SDV with 30+ kn on surface and can be parked on the sea floor. There are three different modules for the Carrier providing different applications including: SEAL SDV – Swimmer Delivery Vehicle for SOP missions, SEAL AUV – Autonomous Under- water Vehicle for MCM missions, and SEAL RWSV – Remote Weapon Station Vehicle for Fire Support.

Smart SEAL
A downsized SEAL Carrier, with 30+ kn on surface and can be parked on the sea floor.

Sub SEAL
Electrically powered SEAL carrier capable of diving 40 m and carrying 6 divers with 600 liter of balanced load, with 30 nmi range at 5 kn. Can be mounted either inside the tube or transported on deck.

Torpedo SEAL
SDV is designed to be stored inside a 21 in torpedo tube, and it comes in two versions, the one man version 2.5 m and a two man version 3.4 m.

United Arab Emirates
After purchasing US submersible manufacturer Seahorse Marine, Emirate Marine Technologies of United Arab Emirates has developed four classes DPV/SDV, all of them built of glass reinforced plastic and carbon composite materials:

Class 4
Three-ton two-man DPV using silver-zinc external battery packs to power an 8 kW motor. Sensor and control suites include a sonar, echo sounder, GPS, electronic compass and electronic mapping facility and an onboard computer. They have a range of 60 nmi (110 km) at 6 (maximum speed 7) kn and can operate down to 50 m.  Maximum payload is 200 kg.

Class 5
Eight-ton two-man DPV using nickel-cadmium external battery packs to power an 8 kW motor. All other specs are identical to Class 4 except the maximum payload is increased to 450 kg.

Class 6
DPV/SDV currently under development to carry 4 or 8 (2 crew) divers. Will have 2 8 kW motors for underwater use and a diesel for surface operations.  There will be computer-controlled system--including an automatic pilot to reduce operator workload, and a telescopic mast with a television camera and/or a thermal imager. Class 6 will have a range of 100 nmi (185 km) at 4 knots down to 50 m, but on the surface the diesel will give it a maximum speed of 20 kn. There will be built-in breathing sets for divers to conserve their underwater breathing apparatuses.

Class 8
11 m long DPV/SDV propelled by two eight-kW motors and powered by a lithium-ion battery for 6 divers (2 crew) currently under development. Maximum range is 50 nmi (93 km) at 5 kn with a maximum speed of 6 kn.

United States

Piranha
1.63 t two-man DPV/SDV developed by Columbia Research Corporation built of fiber-glass. Maximum range is 27.5 nmi at 5 kn but burst speed of 8 kn can be achieved with its powerful brush-less DC motor and silver-zinc batteries. Maximum depth is 70 m, although it will usually be kept around 45 m.

SDV-X Dolphin
2.75 tonne 6 to 8-man SDV developed by Columbia Research Corporation built of fiberglass. Maximum range is 56.5 nmi (104.5 km) at 5 kn but burst speed of 8 kn can be achieved with its powerful brush-less DC motor and silver-zinc batteries. Maximum depth is 91 m, although it will usually be kept around 45 m. Electronics include color liquid crystal displays and color digital charts, while the computer-based navigation system includes GPS and Doppler velocity log. There is also a multi-beam obstacle-avoidance sonar to distinguish targets while the integrated communications suite includes an underwater telephone and a VHF radio.

Sea Shadow SDV
Developed by Anteon Corp, a wholly owned subsidiary of General Dynamics since 2006, the 107 kg Sea Shadow is for one or two crew and powered by lead-acid batteries. The hull is of molded high-density polyethylene plastic to provide a low magnetic signature while folding bow planes and rotating motors allow the vehicle to be deployed through a 76-cm escape hatch. The Sea Shadow features electronic speed control with a manual back-up mode and an option of electronic drift compensation. Speed, depth, battery duration and voltage details is shown on a liquid crystal display, while there are visual warning signals on low battery power as well as unsafe rates of both ascent and descent. Sea Shadow has a range of 5 nmi (9.25 km) at 2 to 3 kn and at a maximum of depth of 30 m.

SEAL Delivery Vehicle (SDV)
Mark 8 SDV with maximum speed of  and maximum range of 36 nautical miles (66 km) at a depth of 6 metres. Currently in service with the US Navy

Shallow Water Combat Submersible
The intended replacement to the SEAL Delivery Vehicle; has an endurance of 12 hours and can carry larger payloads over a greater distance than its predecessor.

Swimmer Delivery Vehicle
Deployment of SDV

Swimmer Transport Device

Yugoslavia
All SDVs of former Yugoslavia were developed by Brodosplit - Brodogradilište Specijalnih Objekata d.o.o. which have been passed on to successor nations of former Yugoslavia.

R-1
150 kg one-man torpedo like SDV with the operator straddling the aluminium alloy hull behind the first of two buoyancy tanks, and the operator can deliver 40 kg of limpet mines of either the 7 or 15 kg size. This SDV has a dimension of 3.72 metre (length) x 0.52 m (diameter) and can be housed in a submarine torpedo tube.  The silver-zinc batteries and the one-kW motor provide a range of 8 nmi (14.8 km) and 2.5 kn (4.63 kph). The maximum speed is 3 kn, the maximum depth is 60 m.

R-2 Mala
1.41 t two-man SDV with crew ride astride spindle-shaped vehicle. The 4.5 kW DC electric motor is powered by either lead-acid or silver-zinc batteries, providing a maximum range of 23 nmi or 46 nmi. The cruise and maximum speed are 2.8 and 6.5 kn. Navigation equipment comprises an aircraft-type gyro compass, a magnetic compass, depth gauge with a 0 to 100-metre scale, echo-sounder, sonar, two searchlights and so on, all of which equipment is in a waterproof container. The R-2 can operate down to 60 metres with a maximum depth of 100m and a maximum limpet mine load of 250 kg.

See also

References

Diver propulsion equipment
Midget submarines
Wet subs

Diver propulsion vehicle


Naupare (în română: Naupara) este un sat  în districtul Rasina, aparținând administrativ orașului Kruševac . Conform recensământului din 2002, locuiau 580 de locuitori (conform recensământului din 1991 au fost 1107 locuitori). Aici se află o mănăstire cu același nume de la sfârșitul secolului al XIV-lea, care este acum protejată de Republica Serbia, ca un monument de cultură de mare importanță  .

Demografie
În localitatea Naupare trăiesc 439 de adulți, iar vârsta medie a populației este de 39,1 ani (37,0 la bărbați și 41,1 la femei). În localitate există 167 gospodării, iar numărul mediu de membri pe gospodărie este de 3,44.

Această așezare este în principal locuită de sârbi (conform recensământului din 2002 ). an).

 Populația pe sexe și vârstă

Link-uri

Localități din Serbia

Naupare, Rasina


Manvantara Hint tradisyonunda, Dünya gezegeninin ve üstündeki varlıkların tekâmül sürecinin periyodik bir özellik gösteren aşamalarına verilen addır. Her manvantara kendi içinde çağlara ayrılır. Hint tradisyonuna göre, manvantaramızın sonuncu ve en kötü çağı olan Kali-Yuga'yı yaşamaktayız.

Kaynakça

 Le Dictionnaire de la sagesse orientale, Kurt Friedrichs, Ingrid Fischer-Schreiber, Franz-Karl Ehrhard ve Michael S. Deiner
 Le Roi du Monde, René Guénon

Hint mitolojisi
Teozofi

Manvantara


उ़, appelé u nukta, est une voyelle de l'alphasyllabaire devanagari utilisé dans l'écriture du bahing, du dumi et du khaling. Elle est composée d'un u  et d'un point souscrit.

Utilisation

Le u nukta est utilisé dans l'écriture du khaling avec l'orthographe de la SIL.

En bahing écrit avec l'orthographe devanagari de 2008, le u nukta représente une voyelle fermée postérieure non arrondie , par exemple :
   « main » ;
   « jambe » ;
   «être malade» ;
   «eau » ;
   « ortie ».

En dumi, le u nukta est utilisé pour representer une voyelle fermée centrale non arrondie .

Représentations informatiques
L'u nukta peut être représenté avec les caractères Unicodes suivant :
 décomposé

Notes et références

Sources

Voir aussi
 Devanagari

Lettre devanagari

उ़


Fredonia (Biscoe) est une ville située dans l'État américain de l'Arkansas, dans le comté de Prairie.

Histoire

Économie

Géographie

Démographie

Notes et références

Liens externes

Comté de Prairie (Arkansas)
Town en Arkansas

Fredonia (Biscoe) (Arkansas)


Olaylar
 28 Mayıs - Yunan filozof ve bilim insanı Thales'in tahmin ettiği gibi bir güneş tutulması meydana geldiğinde Alyattis ile Siyaksares, Halys Nehri Muharebesi'nde çarpışıyorlardı. Tutulma sayesinde ateşkes sağlandı. Bu tarihin tam olarak bilinmesi diğer birçok olayın tarihinin de hesaplanabilmesini sağlamıştır.

Doğumlar

Ölümler
 Jimmu, veya Kamuyamato Ivarebiko, Japon mitolojisinde Japonya'nın ilk kurucusu ve ilk imparatoru (d. MÖ 660)

MÖ 585


O mie și una de nopți (Arabian Nights) este un miniserial TV american și britanic din 2000. Este o ecranizare a lui Peter Barnes (ultimul său film) pe baza traducerii lui Sir Richard Francis Burton a antologiei de povești O mie și una de nopți.  Mili Avital și Dougray Scott interpretează rolurile Șeherezadei și a lui Shahryar, respectiv. Produs de Dyson Lovell și regizat de Steve Barron, serialul a fost creat de Hallmark Entertainment și a avut premiera la 30 aprilie și 1 mai 200 pe canalul BBC One din Regatul Unit și pe ABC în Statele Unite. În serial joacă actorii Alan Bates, Rufus Sewell, Andy Serkis, James Frain, John Leguizamo (in a dual role), Jason Scott Lee, Vanessa-Mae, Alexei Sayle, Jim Carter, James Callis și Oded Fehr.

Distribuție
 Mili Avital - Șeherezada
 Dougray Scott -  Shahryar și hoțul Amin
 Alan Bates - naratorul
 James Frain - Schahzenan și Sultanul Haroun Abraschild (bazat pe califul istoric Harun al-Rashid)
 Peter Guinness - The Chief Executioner
 Jason Scott Lee - Aladin
 Pik-Sen Lim - mama lui Aladdin
 John Leguizamo - Duhul lămpii fermecate și duhul inelului
 Vanessa-Mae - prințesa Zubaïda
 Hugh Quarshie - Mustafa
 Jim Carter - Ja'Far, tatăl Șherezadei
 Amira Casar - Morgiana
 Rufus Sewell - Ali Baba
 Tchéky Karyo - Black Coda
 Andy Serkis - Kasim
 Alexis Conran - Prinţul Ali
 James Callis - Prințul Ahmed
 Hari Dhillon - Prințul Hussain
 Alexei Sayle - BacBac
 Oded Fehr - Robber #2

Note

Legături externe

 Arabian Nights at RHI Entertainment

O mie și una de nopți
Seriale de televiziune din 2000
Filme regizate de Steve Barron

O mie și una de nopți (miniserial TV)


Campionatul Mondial de Gimnastică Artistică din 2009 s-a desfășurat în perioada 12–18 octombrie 2009 la Londra în Regatul Unit.

Medaliați

Clasament pe medalii

Legături externe
  worldgymnastics2009.com , site-ul oficial

2009 în sport
2009
gimnastica


Cartaya, İspanya'nın on yedi özerk bölgesinden en çok nüfusa sahip olan, ülkenin güneybatı köşesindeki Endülüs otonom bölgesinin 8 eyaletinden Portekiz ve Atlas Okyanusu'na kıyısı bulunan Huelva eyaletine bağlı belediyesi. Cartaya belediyesinin nüfusu, 2005 yılı nüfus sayımlarına göre 15.480 kişidir.

Dış bağlantılar
 CartayaWeb.com - Cartaya Tourist and business Website. Many Videos and pictures.
 Cartaya Online Newspaper
 Comercial Direcctory of Cartaya
 Map of Cartaya:
 Recreativo football club in Cartaya
 Cartaya - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
 Cartaya newspaper library (comming up)

Cartaya


Quesada, Jaén, İspanya'nın on yedi özerk bölgesinden, ülkenin güneyinde bulunan Endülüs otonom bölgesinin Jaén eyaletine bağlı doksan yedi belediyesinden biridir. 2002 yılı sayımlarına göre belediyenin nüfusu 5.999 kişidir.

Jaén'ın belediyeleri

Quesada, Jaén


Kiss TV est une chaîne de télévision britannique privée, musicale, spécialisée dans le hip-hop et le RnB contemporain. Elle partage la même programmation que la radio du même nom.

Histoire
Kiss TV est créée par Guy Wingate, est rachetée par Emap au moment où elle veut créer une division pour la télévision et confie la direction de la chaîne au fondateur de la station de radio, Gordon  McNamee. La chaîne dure d'abord une heure par nuit sur le circuit câblé L!VE TV et, après un an, passe sur la plate-forme satellite et câblée de Granada, prenant un créneau similaire le soir.

Les présentateurs de la chaîne comprennent des DJ tels que Judge Jules de BBC Radio 1. Quand la chaîne a un an, elle fait un parrainage important de marques de premier ordre.

La chaîne est disponible sur les plateformes de télévision numérique et fait partie d'un réseau de chaînes appartenant à The Box Plus Network. Le , toutes les chaînes de Box Television passent en clair sur le satellite, à l'exception de 4Music. En conséquence, les chaînes sont supprimées du Sky EPG en Irlande. Cependant, Kiss TV est lancée sur Freesat le , aux côtés de trois autres chaînes de Box Television. Kiss TV et ses chaînes sœurs sont revenues sur Freesat le .

Kiss TV diffuse également en Afrique subsaharienne en tant que chaîne de télévision payante, par divers fournisseurs de télévision numérique sans publicité. Des clips musicaux sont diffusés à la place des publicités.

Traduction

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Liste des chaînes de télévision au Royaume-Uni

Channel 4
Chaîne de télévision musicale
Chaîne ou station de télévision fondée en 1998
Chaîne de télévision au Royaume-Uni

Kiss TV


سادا أبه  أبه هو اسم العائلة (28 مايو 1905 - بعد 1970) تعرف بحادثة الخنق الجنسي لحبيبها كيتشيزو إيشيدا (石田 吉蔵) في 18 مايو عام 1936، ثم قطع قضيبه وخصيتيه وحملها معها في حقيبتها. القصة أصبحت اهتمام وطني من أشهر الجرائم في تاريخ اليابان المعاصر، وأصبحت الحادثة مصدر إلهام للعديد من الأفلام وكتاب الروايات والفلاسفة.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

جمع التذكارات البشرية
أشخاص أدينوا بالقتل في اليابان
أشخاص مفقودون
أشخاص من طوكيو
حالات أشخاص مفقودين في العقد 1970
حالات أشخاص مفقودين في اليابان
سنة الوفاة غير معروفة
شخصيات ذكرت ضمن فضائح جنسية
غايشا
فضائح جنسية
قاتلات يابانيات
كاتبات سيرة ذاتية
كاتبات يابانيات في القرن 20
كتاب سيرة ذاتية يابانيون
كتاب يابانيون في القرن 20
ممثلات يابانيات في القرن 20
مواليد 1905
وفيات عقد 1970
يابانيون أدينوا بالقتل

سادا أبه


Carlo Vanzina () a fost un regizor de film, producător și scenarist italian.

Biografie
Vanzina s-a născut la Roma, ca fiu al Mariei Teresa Nati și al regizorului de film Stefano Vanzina. În 2001 a regizat filmul romantic de comedie South Kensington cu Rupert Everett și Elle Macpherson. Două din filmele sale, Eccezzziunale... veramente (1982) și Vacanze di Natale (1983), au fost prezentate ca parte a retrospectivei comediei italiene la a 67-a ediţie a Festivalului Internațional de Film de la Veneția.

Filmografie

Luna di miele in tre (1976)
Figlio delle stelle (1979)
Arrivano i gatti (1980)
Una vacanza bestiale (1980)
I fichissimi (1981)
Viuuulentemente mia (1982)
Eccezzziunale... veramente (1982)
Sapore di mare (1982)
Mystère (1983)
Il ras del quartiere (1983)
Vacanze di Natale (1983)
Amarsi un po' (1984)
Vacanze in America (1984)
Sotto il vestito niente (1985)
Yuppies – I giovani di successo (1986)
Via Montenapoleone (1986)
 (1987)
Montecarlo Gran Casinò (1987)
The Gamble  (1988)
Le finte bionde (1989)
Tre colonne in cronaca (1990)
Miliardi (1991)
Piedipiatti (1991)
Sognando la California (1992)
Piccolo Grande Amore (1993)
I mitici – Colpo gobbo a Milano  (1994)
S.P.Q.R. 2000 e 1/2 anni fa (1994)
Io no spik inglish (1995)
Selvaggi (1995)
Squillo (1996)
A spasso nel tempo  (1996)
Banzai (1997)
A spasso nel tempo: l'avventura continua  (1997)
Il cielo in una stanza (1999)
Vacanze di Natale 2000 (1999)
Quello che le ragazze non dicono (2000)
E adesso sesso (2001)
South Kensington (2001)
Febbre da cavallo – La mandrakata (2002)
Il pranzo della domenica (2003)
Le barzellette (2004)
In questo mondo di ladri (2004)
Il ritorno del Monnezza (2005)
Eccezzziunale veramente – Capitolo secondo... me (2006)
Olè (2006)
2061 – An exceptional year (2007)
Un'estate al mare (2008)
Un'estate ai Caraibi (2009)
La vita è una cosa meravigliosa (2010)
Ti presento un amico (2010)
Sotto il vestito niente – L'ultima sfilata (2011)
Ex – Amici come prima! (2011)

Note

Vezi și
 Listă de regizori italieni
 Cinepanettone

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1951
Decese în 2018
Regizori italieni
Scenariști italieni

Carlo Vanzina


سيمون سيمونز (بالهولندية:Simone Simons) (ولدت في 17 يناير 1985)، مغنية ميزو سوبرانو هولندية وشاعرة أغنية في فرقة السيموفني ميتال إبيكا، انضمت للفرقة عام 2002 بعد تأسيسها. كما غنت أيضا بالاشتراك مع فرق أخرى مثل كاميلوت و سون اوف سيسونز.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 الموقع الرسمي
 في موقع الفرقة

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من هيرلين
المرأة في معادن
سوبرانو
شخصيات من ليمبورخ (هولندا)
مغتربون هولنديون في ألمانيا
مغنو هيفي ميتال هولنديون
مغنون هولنديون باللغة الإنجليزية
مغنون هولنديون في القرن 21
مغنون وكتاب أغان هولنديون
مغنيات في القرن 21
مغنيات هولنديات
مغنيات هولنديات في القرن 21
مغنيات هيفي ميتال
مواليد 1985

سيمون سيمونز


Olimpijski park Barra (portugalski: Parque Olímpico da Barra) je naziv za 9 povezanih športskih borilišta u Barra da Tijuci, gradskoj četvrti Rio de Janeira. Park je služio kao športski kampus za Olimpijske i Paraolimpijske igre 2016., iako je izvorno bio sagrađen i za Panameričke igre 2007., također održane u Rio de Janeiru.

Nakon Olimpijskih i Paraolimpijskih igara, veći dio borilišta u Parku bit će prenamijenjeno u športske svrhe lokalne zajednice.

Napravljen je po uzoru na tradiciju olimpijskih prakova započetu od prvih olimpijskih igara modernog doba održanih 1896. u Ateni.

Na prostoru Parka, na Međunarodnom autodromu Nelsona Piqueta, 1980-ih održavale su se utrke Velike nagrade Brazila Formule 1.

Izvori

Borilišta OI 2016.
Športski objekti u Rio de Janeiru

Olimpijski park Barra


Tkemali (gruz. ტყემალი)  je gruzijski umak koji se pravi prvenstveno od crvenolisne šljive, ponekad aluče ili drugih sorti šljive. Koriste se i crvena i zelena sorta šljive. Okus umaka varira, ali uglavnom je oštro trpak. Da bi se smanjila razina trpkosti, povremeno se tijekom pripreme dodaju slađe vrste šljiva. Tradicionalno se uz šljivu koriste sljedeći sastojci: češnjak, menta, kim, korijander, kopar, čili paprika i sol.

Tkemali se koristi za pržena ili pečena jela od mesa, peradi i krumpira, a mjesto u gruzijskoj kuhinji ima slično onom koje ima kečap u Sjedinjenim Državama. Može se napraviti kod kuće, ali ga također masovno proizvodi nekoliko gruzijskih i ruskih tvrtki.

Izvori
 The Georgian feast: the vibrant culture and savory food of the Republic of Georgia by Darra Goldstein, University of California Press (1999.) -

Vidi još
 Gruzijska kuhinja

Gruzijska kuhinja
Umaci
Jela od voća

Tkemali


Franklin Welsh Bowdon (February 17, 1817 – June 8, 1857) was an American slave owner, politician and an Alabama congressman. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1846 to 1851.

Biography
Born in Chester District, South Carolina, Bowdon was the son of Samuel and Sarah Welsh Bowdon. He graduated from the University of Alabama in 1836, studied law under Daniel E. Watrous at Montevallo, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Talladega, Alabama as the law partner of Messrs. Thomas and Wm. P. Chilton, and Tignall W. Jones.  He married Sarah E Chilton, on March 15, 1840 at Talladega, Alabama.  She was the daughter of Thomas Chilton and Frances Chilton.

Career
Bowdon served as a member of the Alabama House of Representatives in 1844 and 1845.  He was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-ninth United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Felix G. McConnell. He was reelected to the Thirtieth United States Congress and Thirty-first United States Congress. He was chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds during the Thirty-first Congress. He served as a U. S. Representative from December 7, 1846 to March 3, 1851. He did not stand for reelection in 1850 and moved to Henderson, Rusk County, Texas in 1852, where he resumed his law practice as the partner of George W. Chilton.

Death
Bowdon died in Henderson on June 8, 1857 (age 40 years, 111 days). He is interred at City Cemetery, Henderson, Texas.  The town of Bowdon, Georgia was named after him. He was the uncle of Sydney Johnston Bowie, who was an Alabama congressman from 1901 to 1907.

References

External links

1817 births
1857 deaths
People from Chester County, South Carolina
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Alabama
19th-century American politicians
Members of the United States House of Representatives who owned slaves

Franklin W. Bowdon


Onthophagus sulciger é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Kolbe em 1893.

Referências

Ligações externas

sulciger
Coleópteros descritos em 1893

Onthophagus sulciger


Aceasta este o listă de filme britanice din 1943:

Lista

Note

Legături externe
 Filme britanice din 1943 la Internet Movie Database

Vezi și
1943 în Marea Britanie
1943 în film
1943 în televiziune

 *Listă
britanice
Liste de filme britanice

Listă de filme britanice din 1943


Biserica Adormirea Maicii Domnului este un monument istoric aflat pe teritoriul satului Oloșag, comuna Știuca.

Localitatea
Oloșag este un sat în comuna Știuca din județul Timiș, Banat, România. Prima mențiune documentară este din anul 1437.

Istoric și trăsături
Biserica din Oloșag a fost construită în stil baroc între anii 1730-1731, din cărămidă arsă, fiind acoperită cu tablă. Iconostasul este din zid, iar pardoseala din ciment. Ușile împărătești sunt realizate în anul 1767. În anul 1794 biserica a fost sfințită de Iosif Ianeviciu, episcopul de Caransebeș. În anul 1883 a fost adăugat turnul. Interiorul a fost pictat pe lemn, pictura fiind într-o stare avansată de degradare.

Biserica este declarată monument istoric de interes național din anul 1962.

Note

Vezi și
 Oloșag, Timiș

Legături externe
Fișă de monument

Imagini

Monumente istorice din județul Timiș
Biserici din secolul al XVIII-lea din România
Biserici ortodoxe din județul Timiș
Biserici cu hramul Sfânta Maria

Biserica Adormirea Maicii Domnului din Oloșag


A Better Life (en español Una vida mejor) es una película estadounidense independiente de género dramático estrenada en 2011 y dirigida por Chris Weitz, sobre un guion de Eric Eason, basado en una historia escrita por Roger L. Simon, inicialmente conocida como "The Gardener". La cinta está protagonizada por Demián Bichir y José Julián.

Sinopsis
Carlos Galindo es un jardinero de Los Ángeles que trabaja con su pareja, Blasco. Su hijo, Luis, estudia en la escuela secundaria. Luis pasa tiempo con su novia, quien está afiliada a pandilleros. Lo presionan para que se una a ellos. En una ocasión, Luis es suspendido por agredir a un estudiante. La hermana de Carlos, Anita, presta $12,000 del fondo de emergencia de la familia para que Carlos compre la camioneta de Blasco. Luego es robado por Santiago, a quien Carlos contrató. Al día siguiente, Carlos y Luis se dirigen al complejo de apartamentos South Central, que se utiliza como alojamiento para trabajadores inmigrantes indocumentados. Un chico les dice a los dos que Santiago trabaja en el club nocturno. Carlos y Luis se dirigen al restaurante, que abriría durante la noche. En el rodeo, Carlos le menciona a Luis que su madre los abandonó. Luis menciona que no le gusta la música y la cultura mexicana. Después de encontrar a Santiago en la discoteca, Carlos y Luis lo interrogan en el estacionamiento. Se enteran de que vendió el camión al garaje y envió el dinero a su familia en El Salvador. Cuando Santiago se declara inocente, Carlos lo defiende y Luis los deja enojado. Al día siguiente, Carlos convence a Luis para que lo acompañe al lugar donde se vende la camioneta. Después de recuperar el camión, la policía los detiene. Carlos es arrestado y encarcelado como inmigrante estadounidense indocumentado. Luis visita el centro de detención y se reconcilia con su padre. Luego de prometerle a Luis que regresará, Carlos aborda el autobús de deportación. Luis pasa tiempo con la familia, mientras Carlos y otros migrantes viajan por el desierto.

Reparto

Recepción de la crítica
La película posee un 85% de aprobación en Rotten Tomatoes, basado en 95 comentarios. En Metacritic su aprobación llega al 64%, en 30 comentarios.

Peter Travers de Rolling Stone calificó con tres estrellas al filme (sobre cuatro) y expresó: "en la superficie, la película parece uno de esos docudramas que suplican ser premiados sólo por sus buenas intenciones. Pero Weitz corta en profundidad. La interpretación monumental de Bichir se queda en tú mente y en tu corazón. Ésta película se te mete bajo la piel".

Marc Dohan de Portland Oregonian opinó: "Chris Weitz convierte lo que podía haber sido otro manifiesto de culpa liberal en una historia realmente conmovedora de un padre y un hijo con una causa común en un mundo hostil".

Mientras, Dave Karger de Entertainment Weekly opinó: "éste es un drama sin ningún tipo de pretensiones, pero muy potente y con una estupenda interpretación central de Demián Bichir".

Premios
Premios Oscar

Premio del Sindicato de Actores

Independent Spirit Awards

Versiones
Bajo el mismo cielo, telenovela producida por la cadena Telemundo en 2015, escrita por Perla Farías y protagonizada por Gabriel Porras y María Elisa Camargo.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Ficha en IMDb

Películas dramáticas de Estados Unidos
Películas independientes
Películas sobre inmigración irregular
Películas en español
Películas de Demián Bichir
Cultura hispana y latinoamericana

A Better Life


Tartigny ist eine französische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) im Département Oise in der Region Hauts-de-France. Sie gehört zum Arrondissement Clermont und zum Kanton Saint-Just-en-Chaussée.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Kirche Saint-Martin mit Chor und Querschiff aus der Renaissance (1555)
 Schloss, teilweise aus dem 16. Jahrhundert (siehe auch: Liste der Monuments historiques in Tartigny)

Ort in Hauts-de-France

Tartigny


Mellem træerne er en kortfilm fra 2008 instrueret af Mads Nygaard Hemmingsen efter manuskript af Mads Nygaard Hemmingsen, Melek Caglar.

Handling
Agnethe er gravid og for langt henne til at få en abort. Som den sidste udvej opsøger hun sin far for at få hjælp.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2008

Mellem træerne


Kriváň este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Detva din regiunea Banská Bystrica. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.710 locuitori.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Kriváň, Slovacia


නබිතුමාගේ මරණයෙන් පසුව ඔහු පිලිබඳ අගැයීම මහත් සේ අගය කළ යුතුයි,

සුන්නාහ්


An Hemarthria compressa in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné d.y., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Robert Brown. An Hemarthria compressa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hemarthria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo diri gud kababarak-an. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Hemarthria

Hemarthria compressa


6731 Hiei este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
6731 Hiei este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Yatsugatake de Yoshio Kushida și Osamu Muramatsu. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,64 ua, o excentricitate de 0,23 și o înclinație de 4,2° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 6001-7000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1992
Centura de asteroizi

6731 Hiei


أولاد الإمام هما أبو زيد عبد الرحمن وأبو موسى ابنا محمد بن عبد الله ابن الإمام وهما الأخوين المعروفين بأولاد الإمام فقهاء من أشهر علماء المالكية بالمغرب الأوسط، نشأ ببركش من إقليم تلمسان، . كان والدهما إمام بركش، مات مقتولاً بأمر من الأمير زيري بن حماد، وبعد وفاته انتقل أبو زيد وأخوه إلى تونس لطلب العلم، فأخذا عن ابن جماعة وابن القطان واليفرني وغيرهم. بعد عودته إلى المغرب الأوسط، استقر مدة بمليانة أين تولى التدريس الفقه أبو موسى عام (700 هـ-1301م) وارتحل أبا زيد عبد الرحمن إلى المغرب الأقصى، ثم عاد إلى تلمسان ليقربه الأمير أبو حمو الأول إليه وبنى له مدرسة عرفت بمدرسة ابن الإمام، فتولى التدريس والإفتاء مع أخيه، وكانت هذه المدرسة داخل باب كشوط.

سافر ابن الإمام إلى المشرق سنة 720هـ- 1320م أين اتصل ببعض العلماء، منهم علاء الدين القونوي والجلال القرويني وتقي الدين بن تيمية. رجع إلى تلمسان بعد هذه الرحلة العلمية المثمرة، ولما استولى الأمير أبو الحسن المريني إلى تلمسان، أصبح من مقربيه إلى غاية وفاته سنة 744هـ- 1343م. وتوفي أخوه سنة 749هـ - 1348م بسبب الطاعون. ألف ابن الإمام كتب عديدة في الفقه المالكي وتتلمذ عنه وعن أخيه عدد من علماء المغرب الأوسط مثل الشريف التلمساني وأبو عثمان العقباني والخطيب ابن مرزوق الجد وغيرهم.

المصدر

أشخاص من تلمسان

أولاد الإمام


«El hombre que plantaba árboles» () es un cuento alegórico del autor francés Jean Giono, publicado en 1953. Cuenta la historia de los esfuerzos de un pastor para convertir un desolado valle en las estribaciones de los Alpes, cerca de la Provenza, en un bosque a lo largo de la primera mitad del .

Trama

La historia es narrada por un hombre que permanece en el anonimato durante todo el relato (aunque se ha sugerido que el narrador tal vez puede ser el autor Jean Giono, no hay ninguna evidencia de esto). La historia comienza en el año 1910, cuando este joven está llevando a cabo una excursión en solitario a través de la Provenza, Francia, cerca de los Alpes, disfrutando de la naturaleza relativamente intacta.

El narrador se queda sin agua en un valle sin árboles, desolado, donde sólo crece lavanda silvestre y no hay rastro de la civilización, excepto por un pueblo desolado y desmoronado. El narrador encuentra solo un arroyo seco, pero es salvado por un pastor de mediana edad que le lleva a una fuente que conoce.

Siente curiosidad por este hombre y el por qué ha elegido una vida solitaria, y por ello el narrador se queda con él por un tiempo. El pastor, tras quedar viudo, decidió restaurar el paisaje en ruinas del valle por sí solo, cultivando un bosque completo, árbol por árbol. El pastor, Elzéard Bouffier, hace agujeros en el suelo con su bastón y deja caer en los agujeros las bellotas que ha logrado reunir.

El narrador deja el pastor y vuelve a casa; más tarde parte a pelear en la Primera Guerra Mundial. En 1920, traumatizado por la guerra, el hombre vuelve. Se sorprende al ver árboles jóvenes de todas las formas echando raíces en el valle, y nuevas fuentes correr a través de él. El narrador se sorprende de la paz y la belleza del valle, y continúa visitando a Bouffier cada año. Bouffier ya no es un pastor, porque se preocupa de que las ovejas afectaran sus árboles jóvenes, y se ha convertido en un apicultor en su lugar.

Durante más de cuatro décadas, Bouffier continúa plantando árboles, y el valle se convierte en una especie de Jardín del Edén. Al final de la historia, el valle es vibrante de vida, reiterada pacíficamente. El valle recibe protección oficial después de la Primera Guerra Mundial. (las autoridades creen erróneamente que el rápido crecimiento de este bosque es un fenómeno natural extraño, ya que no son conscientes de las obras altruistas de Bouffier), y más de 10.000 personas se trasladan allí, todos ellos sin saber que deben su felicidad a Bouffier. El narrador le dice a uno de sus amigos en el gobierno la verdad sobre el bosque natural, y el amigo también ayuda a proteger el bosque.

El narrador visita a Bouffier ya muy viejo por última vez en 1945. En un hospicio de Banon, en 1947, el hombre que plantaba árboles fallece.

Veracidad

La historia es tan conmovedora que muchos lectores creyeron que Elzeard Bouffier fue un personaje real y el narrador fue el propio Jean Giono, y que por lo tanto, la historia fue en parte autobiográfica. El autor explicó en una carta de 1957 a un representante de la ciudad de Digne:

Lamento decepcionarlo, pero Elzeard Bouffier es un personaje ficticio. El objetivo era hacer a los árboles agradables, o más bien la plantación de árboles agradable.

La carta describía cómo el libro fue traducido a multitud de idiomas, distribuido de forma gratuita, y afirmó que fue un éxito. El autor agregó que, a pesar de que no ganaba un céntimo, había sido uno de los textos de los cuales se encontraba más orgulloso.

Referencias

Obras literarias adaptadas al cine
Cuentos de 1953
Obras literarias en francés

El hombre que plantaba árboles


Envol est une comédie française réalisée par Frédéric Cerulli et sortie en 2022.

Synopsis

Fiche technique
 Titre original : Envol
 Réalisation : Frédéric Cerulli
 Scénario :
 Musique : Jean-Charles Bastion
 Décors :
 Costumes :
 Photographie :
 Montage :
 Producteur : Franck Llopis
 Sociétés de production : Les Films à Fleur de peau et SMP
 Société de distribution : Les Films à Fleur de peau
 Pays :
 Langue originale : français
 Format : couleur — 2,35:1
 Genre : Comédie
 Durée : 100 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 France :  (en salle)

Distribution
 Pierre Santini
 Bruno Putzulu
 Marc Duret
 Alice Carel
 Françoise Nahon
 Philippe Rigot
 Henri Concas
 Jeanne Marie
 Pascal Légitimus
 Andréa Ferréol
 Emma Colberti

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Film français sorti en 2022
Comédie française

Envol (film)


The London sewer system is part of the water infrastructure serving London, England. The modern system was developed during the late 19th century, and as London has grown the system has been expanded. It is currently owned and operated by Thames Water and serves almost all of Greater London.

History
During the early 19th century the River Thames was an open sewer, with disastrous consequences for public health in London, including cholera epidemics. These were caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Although the contamination of the water supply was correctly diagnosed by Dr John Snow in 1849 as the method of communication, up to the outbreak of 1866 it was believed that miasma, or bad air, was responsible. Proposals to modernise the sewerage system had been made in the early 1700s but the costs of such a project deterred progress. Further proposals followed in 1856, but were again neglected due to the costs. However, after the Great Stink of 1858, Parliament realised the urgency of the problem and resolved to create a modern sewerage system.

Joseph Bazalgette, a civil engineer and Chief Engineer of the Metropolitan Board of Works, was given responsibility for the work. He and his colleagues, including William Haywood, designed an extensive underground sewerage system that diverted waste to the Thames Estuary, downstream of the main centre of population. Six main interceptor sewers, totalling almost 160 km (100 miles) in length, were constructed, some incorporating stretches of London's "lost" rivers. Three of these sewers were north of the river, the southernmost, low-level one being incorporated in the Thames Embankment. The Embankment also allowed new roads, new public gardens, and the Circle line of the London Underground. Victoria Embankment was finally officially opened on 13 July 1870.

The intercepting sewers, constructed between 1859 and 1865, were fed by 450 miles (720 km) of main sewers that, in turn, conveyed the contents of some 13,000 miles (21,000 km) of smaller local sewers. Construction of the interceptor system required 318 million bricks,  of excavated earth and  of concrete. The innovative use of Portland cement strengthened the tunnels, which were in good order 150 years later.

Gravity allows the sewage to flow eastwards, but in places such as Chelsea, Deptford and Abbey Mills, pumping stations were built to raise the water and provide sufficient flow. Many sewers north of the Thames feed into the Northern Outfall Sewer, which transports sewage to Beckton Sewage Treatment Works. South of the river, the Southern Outfall Sewer extends to a similar facility at Crossness. Smaller sewage treatment plants also serve areas further away from central London, such as at Mogden and Edmonton.

During the 20th century, major improvements were made to the sewerage system and to the sewage treatment provision to substantially reduce pollution of the Thames Estuary and the North Sea. The sewage works, from west to east, discharging into the tidal Thames in 1950-53 were:

Modern development needs

The original system was designed to cope with 6.5 mm (1/4") per hour of rainfall within the catchment area, and supported a smaller population than today's. London's growth has put pressure on the capacity of the sewerage system. During storms, for example, high levels of rainfall (in excess of 6 mm per hour) in a short period of time can overwhelm the system. Sewers and treatment works are unable to cope with the large volumes of rainwater entering the system. Rainwater mixes with sewage in combined sewers and excess mixed water is discharged into the Thames. If this does not happen quickly enough, localised flooding occurs (surcharge). Such sanitary sewer overflow can mean streets becoming flooded with a mixture of water and sewage, causing a health risk.

In redeveloping the Isle of Dogs and Royal Docks areas of east London during the late 1980s and early 1990s, the London Docklands Development Corporation invested in major new drainage infrastructure to manage future sewage and surface water run-off from proposed developments. Consulting engineer Sir William Halcrow & Partners designed a system of large diameter tunnels served by new pumping stations. In the Royal Docks, approximately 16 miles (25 km) of foul and surface water drains were built, plus pumping stations at Tidal Basin (designed by Richard Rogers Partnership) and North Woolwich (architect: Nicholas Grimshaw). The Isle of Dogs drainage network is served by a stormwater pumping station situated in Stewart Street, designed by John Outram Associates.

Thames Tideway Scheme

Increasing the carrying capacity of London's sewerage system has been debated for some years. The new 'Thames Tideway' scheme includes a wide diameter storage-and-transfer tunnel (internal diameters of 7.2 m and 9 m have been suggested), 22 miles (35 km) long, underneath the riverbed of the Thames between Hammersmith in the west and Beckton/Crossness in the east. The cost of this megaproject is £4.9 billion, and it is due to be completed in 2024.

Literary or media references

 The system plays a part in English writer Neil Gaiman's 1996 novel Neverwhere.
 The system plays a part in Australian writer Michael Robotham's 2005 novel Lost (a.k.a. The Drowning Man).
 It featured as one of the Seven Wonders of the Industrial World in the BBC television series of the same name.
 Eleanor Updale's Montmorency (beginning with Montmorency: Liar Thief Gentleman?) novels are set against the backdrop of construction of the London sewerage system.
 The construction of the London sewer system is central to the plot of Anne Perry's 2006 novel Dark Assassin, in which the Great Stink is also mentioned.
 The title character from Terry Pratchett's Dodger, based on the Artful Dodger from Oliver Twist, spends much of his time in London's sewers alongside notable historical figures including Bazalgette.
A BBC documentary entitled The Five Billion Pound Super Sewer focuses on the Thames Tideway Scheme.
Charles Palliser's novel The Quincunx features the old, pre-Bazalgette London sewers of the early nineteenth century in an extensive sub-plot.
The sewer system served as the hideout of Professor Ratigan in Disney's 1986 film The Great Mouse Detective.

See also
 Fatberg
 Medical Officer of Health for London
 Metropolitan Commission of Sewers
 Tosher

Notes

References

 Skilton, David (2007) '"Sweet Thames, run softly": the Construction of a Clean River', Literary London Journal 5 (March 2007) . http://literarylondon.org/the-literary-london-journal/archive-of-the-literary-london-journal/issue-5-1/
 Trench, R. and Hillman, E. (1984) London Under London: A Subterranean Guide (London: John Murray).

External links
  "How Bazalgette built London's first super-sewer," by Alwyn Collinson, 26 March 2019, Museum of London
 "Construction of London's Victorian sewers: the vital role of Joseph Bazalgette," by G C Cook, The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine
 Tales of the underworld from The Guardian Wednesday 30 March 2005

London water infrastructure
Metropolitan Board of Works
Sewerage
Subterranean London
Thames Water

London sewer system


Charles de Beaumont (nommé également Charlot, Carlos), né en 1361 et mort en 1432, est un membre de la noblesse du royaume de Navarre.

Biographie
Il est l'ainé des enfants illégitimes de Louis de Navarre, comte de Beaumont, que celui-ci, alors célibataire et gouverneur du royaume en l'absence du roi Charles II, avait eu de sa relation avec une dame noble, Marie de Lizarazu.
En 1364 Louis quitte la Navarre pour la Normandie, puis pour le royaume de Naples où il devient par mariage duc de Durazzo. Il meurt en 1376 sans jamais avoir revu ses enfants.
Privé de son père, Charles de Beaumont est élevé avec les propres enfants du roi. Celui-ci, pris d'affection pour Charles, va assurer son avenir.

En 1379, Charles est nommé porte-étendard de l'armée navarraise, puis en 1381, seigneur d'Asiain et gouverneur de Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port.
À la mort de Charles II en 1387, il assure la régence du royaume en attendant le retour du futur Charles III qui se trouvait alors à la cour de Castille.
Il est ensuite chargé de diverses démarches diplomatiques, tant qu'en France qu'en Angleterre.
En 1393 il obtient ainsi de Richard II la restitution de la place forte normande de Cherbourg. En récompense Charles III lui cède la seigneurie de Saint-Martin-de-Unx.
En 1403, la sœur de Charles III, Jeanne de Navarre, devient reine d'Angleterre par mariage. Il devient à son tour également « anglais » en épousant la Bordelaise Anne de Curton. Le roi Henri IV lui confère le gouvernement du château de Mauléon en Soule et le bailliage de Labourd.

En 1424 son fils ainé Louis de Beaumont épouse Jeanne de Navarre, fille naturelle du roi Charles III. Les époux entrent alors en possession du comté de Lerín créé pour l'occasion.
Charles de Beaumont meurt au palais royal d'Olite en 1432.

Par ses nombreux fils et petits-fils, Charles de Beaumont est la tige d'un clan nobiliaire navarrais, les Beaumontais, qui à partir de 1450 se distinguera par son hostilité à l'autorité royale, provoquant une guerre civile et favorisant l'interventionnisme castillan.

Mariage et descendance
Charles de Beaumont épouse en premières noces Maria Jimenez de Urrea, de la noblesse aragonaise, dont il eut deux enfants :
 Charles de Beaumont, mort jeune en 1422 ;
 Jeanne de Beaumont, morte jeune en 1406.

Veuf, il épouse en secondes noces en 1407 Anne de Curton, héritière de nombreux domaines anglo-gascons, et dont il eut plusieurs enfants :
 Louis de Beaumont, nommé par Charles III, comte de Lerín et connétable de Navarre ;
 , nommé prieur de l'Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem en Navarre ;
 Marguerite de Beaumont, épouse Charles d'Etchauz, vicomte de Baïgorry ;
 Blanche de Beaumont, épouse Gil Martinez de Urroz ;
 Catherine de Beaumont, épouse Jean d'Aragon, duc de Hijar ;
 Claire de Beaumont, épouse Jean II d'Ezpeleta, vicomte du Val d'Erro.

Charles de Beaumont eut en outre plusieurs enfants illégitimes :
 Tristan de Beaumont, religieux ;
 Charles de Beaumont, religieux ;
 Michel de Beaumont, religieux ;
 Guillaume de Beaumont, seigneur de Monteagudo par son mariage avec Yolande de Gramont ;
 Isabelle de Beaumont, épouse Jean de Amezqueta, seigneur de Saint-Pée.

Bibliographie

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Charles II de Navarre
 Charles III de Navarre

Liens externes

Personnalité militaire de la guerre de Cent Ans
Maison d'Évreux-Navarre
Histoire de la Navarre
Naissance en 1361
Décès en 1432
Décès en Navarre

Charles de Beaumont (1361-1432)