Lawrence Samuel Storch (January 8, 1923 – July 8, 2022) was an American actor and comedian best known for his comic television roles, including voice-over work for cartoon shows such as Mr. Whoopee on Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales and his live-action role of the bumbling Corporal Randolph Agarn on F Troop which won a nomination for Emmy Award in 1967.

Early life
Lawrence Samuel Storch was born in New York City on January 8, 1923, the son of Alfred Storch, a cabdriver and broker, and his wife, Sally Kupperman Storch, a telephone operator, jewelry-store owner and rooming-house operator. The Washington Post reported that he was born in The Bronx, whereas The New York Times reported that he was born in Manhattan and The Wall Street Journal reported that he was born on the Upper West Side. His parents were observant Jews. He attended DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx with Don Adams, who remained his lifelong friend. Storch said that, because of hard times in the Great Depression, he never graduated from high school, instead finding work as a comic for $12 a week, opening for bandleader Al Donahue at the band shell in Sheepshead Bay.

During World War II, he served in the United States Navy, where he was shipmates with Tony Curtis on the submarine tender .

Career

Performing
Storch was originally a comic. This led to guest appearances on dozens of television series, including, Mannix; Car 54, Where Are You?; Hennesey; Get Smart; Sergeant Bilko; Columbo; CHiPs; Fantasy Island; McCloud; Emergency!; The Flying Nun; Alias Smith and Jones; The Alfred Hitchcock Hour; That Girl; I Dream of Jeannie; Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.; Gilligan's Island; The Doris Day Show; The Persuaders; Love, American Style; All in the Family and Kolchak: The Night Stalker.

His most famous role was from 1965 to 1967 as the scheming Corporal Randolph Agarn on the situation comedy F Troop, with Forrest Tucker, Ken Berry and Melody Patterson, for which he was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1967. Other memorable performances from the sixties were Texas Jack in the barroom brawl scene of The Great Race and the eponymous character in the Groovy Guru episode of Get Smart.

In 1975, Storch co-starred with Bob Burns (who wore a gorilla costume) and Forrest Tucker on the short-lived but popular Saturday morning children's show The Ghost Busters. He also appeared on The Love Boat S1 E15 (1978), was Al Bundy's childhood hero on Married... with Children (Al Bundy's daughter Kelly attended an acting school operated by Larry) and was a semi-regular on Car 54, Where Are You?. He co-starred on the short-lived series The Queen and I.

Variety show appearances
Storch appeared on many variety shows, including Sonny and Cher, Laugh-In, Hollywood Squares, Playboy After Dark and The Hollywood Palace, with several appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show, The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and The Steve Allen Show. Jackie Gleason asked Storch to fill in for him in the summer of 1953 while Gleason was on hiatus. This led to the 10-episode The Larry Storch Show with guest stars including Janet Blair, Risë Stevens, Dick Haymes and Cab Calloway.

As an impressionist and voiceover actor
An impressionist, Storch recreated hundreds of voices and dialects ranging from Muhammad Ali to Claude Rains and voiced characters in many television and film animations, including The Pink Panther Show, Groovie Goolies, The Inspector, The Brady Kids, Cool Cat, Koko the Clown, Treasure Island and Tennessee Tuxedo.

Storch worked with Mel Blanc and June Foray at Warner Bros.-Seven Arts, voicing characters such as Merlin the Magic Mouse and Cool Cat. He continued his association with Filmation as a voiceover actor in other series and films the company produced, including Journey Back to Oz (1972) where he voiced Amos, farmhand to Aunt Em and Uncle Henry.

Film appearances
Storch appeared in more than 25 Hollywood films, including Gun Fever (1958), Who Was That Lady? (1960), 40 Pounds of Trouble (1962), Captain Newman, M.D. (1963), Wild and Wonderful (1964), Sex and the Single Girl (1964) and The Great Race (1965). He also appeared in Bus Riley's Back in Town (1965), A Very Special Favor (1965), That Funny Feeling, (1965), The Great Bank Robbery (1969), Airport 1975 (1974), The Happy Hooker Goes to Washington (1977), Record City (1978), S.O.B (1981), Fake-Out (1982), Sweet Sixteen (1983) and A Fine Mess (1986), as well as the cult sci-fi films The Monitors (1969) and Without Warning (1980). Tony Curtis and Storch reunited for a 2003 run of the musical version of Some Like It Hot. In 2005, he worked with Anthony Michael Hall in Funny Valentine (2005) and appeared in the documentary feature The Aristocrats (2005).

Stage work
After success in television and films, Storch returned to the New York stage, having first performed on the Broadway stage in the 1950s. He received rave reviews for the Off-Broadway production of Breaking Legs. Co-starring Philip Bosco and Vincent Gardenia, the show extended several times before going on the road. Storch appeared in the Broadway productions of Porgy and Bess (which Storch considered his favorite), Arsenic and Old Lace with Jean Stapleton, Marion Ross, and Jonathan Frid, and Annie Get Your Gun with Reba McEntire. He toured the United States and Europe with Porgy and Bess.

In 2004, he was in Sly Fox with Richard Dreyfuss and his old friend Irwin Corey. Larry, then 81 and "Professor" Corey, 90, did eight shows a week. In March 2008, Storch celebrated his 50th anniversary performing on Broadway. His first Broadway appearance had been Who Was That Lady I Saw You With, later made into a 1960 film starring Dean Martin and Tony Curtis, with Storch appearing.

Storch and Dark Shadows star Marie Wallace appeared in Love Letters by A. R. Gurney on June 24, 2012, a benefit performance for the Actor's Temple in New York City.

In the summer of 2012, Storch appeared in a benefit performance of Love Letters with actress Diana Sowle (best known for her role as Mrs. Bucket in the original Willy Wonka film) in Farmville, Virginia to benefit The Tom Mix Rangers.

Comedy LPs
Storch recorded a comedy LP, Larry Storch at The Bon Soir, released by Jubilee Records in the 1960s. His other records include Larry Storch Reads Philip Roth's Epstein and singles such as "Pooped" b/w "The Eighth Wonder Of The World" and "I'm Walkin'".

A month before he died, Storch recorded the blues song "Wine Spo-Dee O-Dee" with Mike Clark and his trio. The song was posthumously released soon after Storch's passing.

Personal life
Storch married actress Norma Catherine Greve on July 10, 1961. They remained married until her death at age 81 on August 28, 2003. Both briefly appeared in the made-for-television movie The Woman Hunter (1972). He had three children: a stepson, Lary May; a daughter, Candace Herman, the result of a brief encounter with his future wife, born in 1947 and placed for adoption (and later reunited); and a stepdaughter, June Cross, born in 1954 to Norma and Jimmy Cross ("Stump" of the song-and-dance team Stump and Stumpy).

Storch's younger brother, Jay (1924–1987), was an actor/voiceover performer under the name Jay Lawrence.

Death
Larry Storch died at his home on the Upper West Side of Manhattan on July 8, 2022, at the age of 99. The Associated Press reported that he died from natural causes. The Washington Post reported that he died from complications of Alzheimer's disease.

Honors and tributes

Storch was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in 1967 for Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series for F Troop. Storch lost to childhood friend Don Adams that year. Storch said he later remarked to Adams, "You kept it on the block."

An episode of Animaniacs titled "The Sound of Warners" features a banner that says "Larry Storch Days; Nov 13 & 14".

In Fort Lee, New Jersey, Mayor Mark Sokolich named Storch as honorary Mayor for a Day on June 1, 2014. Storch had previously been honored by the local film commission for performing at the Riviera nightclub, which had closed 60 years earlier.
He received the 2013 Barrymore Award for Lifetime Achievement in Film and TV from the Fort Lee Film Commission.

A Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to Storch in 2014.

Larry was honored at the Metropolitan Room in New York City on July 10, 2016 with an award and many special guests. You can see it on Youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ezw3DH2vLUM

Storch was named an honorary citizen of Passaic, New Jersey, on September 13, 2016. He also received a Navy Distinguished Service Medal to recognise his World War II service.

On January 14, 2019, The Lambs honored Storch with their Shepherd's Award.

Wild West City, an amusement park in New Jersey, renamed one of its storefronts "Larry Storch's Silver Dollar Saloon" in his honor.

Storch was named an Honorary Friar in early 2019 at a ceremony with Dick Cavett at the New York Friars Club.

On his 97th birthday, Storch was presented with a Proclamation from the State of New York.

Filmography
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | Year
! style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | Title
! style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | Role
! style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | Notes
|-
|1951|| The Prince Who Was a Thief || ||
|-
|1958|| Gun Fever || Amigo ||
|-
|1959|| The Last Blitzkrieg || Ennis ||
|-
|1960|| Who Was That Lady? || Orenov ||
|-
|1962|| 40 Pounds of Trouble || Floyd ||
|-
|1963|| Captain Newman, M.D. || Cpl. Gavoni ||
|-
|1964|| Wild and Wonderful || Rufus Gibbs ||
|-
|1964|| Sex and the Single Girl || Motorcycle Cop ||
|-
|1965|| Bus Riley's Back in Town || Howie ||
|-
|1965|| Pink Panther || Narrator / Talking Weight Machine / Man ||
|-
|1965|| The Great Race || Texas Jack ||
|-
|1965|| A Very Special Favor || Harry the Taxi Driver ||
|-
|1965|| That Funny Feeling || Luther ||
|-
|1965-1966|| The Inspector || The Commissioner / Surgeon || Two shorts
|-
|1967|| I Dream of Jeannie || Sam || S3E1 Fly Me to the Moon
|-
|1968|| Mannix: Another Final Exit || Bernie Farmer ||
|-
|1968|| That Girl || John McKenzie ||
|-
|1968|| The Wild Bull Returns || Manuel Cortez ||
|-
|1969|| Get Smart  "The Groovy Guru" || Groovy Guru ||
|-
|1969|| The Great Bank Robbery || Juan ||
|-
|1969|| The Monitors || P.A. Stutz ||
|-
|1969-1970|| The Pink Panther Show ||The Commissioner / Surgeon / Narrator / Talking Weight Machine / Man || 10-12 episodes
|-
|1970|| Hard Frame || Rudy LeRoy ||  TV movie
|-
|1971|| Aesop's Fables || Hare, Rooster and Old Tortoise || Voice, TV movie
|-
|1972|| Journey Back to Oz || Amos || Voice
|-
|1973|| Treasure Island || Captain Smollett || Voice
|-
|1973|| All In The Family || Bill Mulheron  || S3E16 Oh Say Can You See
|-
|1974|| Oliver Twist || Magistrate Fang || Voice
|-
|1974|| Columbo || Mr. Weekly || Negative Reaction
|-
|1974|| Airport 1975 || Glenn Purcell ||
|-
|1977|| The Happy Hooker Goes to Washington || Robby Boggs ||
|-
|1978|| Record City || Deaf Man ||
|-
|1980|| Without Warning || Scoutmaster ||
|-
|1981|| S.O.B. || The Guru ||
|-
|1981|| Peter-No-Tail || Max || Voice, English version
|-
|1982|| Fake-Out || Ted ||
|-
|1982|| The Flight of Dragons || Pawnbroker|| Voice
|-
|1983|| Sweet Sixteen || Earl ||
|-
|1986|| The Perils of P.K. || ||
|-
|1986|| A Fine Mess || Leopold Klop ||
|-
|1987|| Medium Rare || ||
|-
|1992|| I Don't Buy Kisses Anymore || Giora ||
|-
|1994|| The Silence of the Hams || Sergeant ||
|-
|1995|| Married... with Children || Himself || Episode: Something Larry This Way Comes (S9, E21)
|-
|2005|| Funny Valentine || Dennis ||
|-
|2005|| Bittersweet Place || Ira Tatz ||
|-
|2005|| The Aristocrats || Himself|| Final Role
|-
|TBA|| One of Our Monsters and Robots Are Missing|| Don Grundy (voice)|| Final animated film role
|-
|}

References

Further reading
Articles
 Leslie (November 11, 1942). "House Reviews: Olympia, Miami". Variety. p. 47
 Huts. (January 16, 1946). "Night Club Reviews: Ciro's, Hollywood". Variety. p. 54
 Mildred Martin (April 20, 1946). "Benny Goodman at Earle". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 16
 Elie. (May 8, 1946). "House Reviews: RKO, Boston". Variety. p. 62
 Stal. (July 9, 1952). "Television Reviews: Cavalcade of Stars". Variety. p. 30
 Karr, John (April 2, 1987). "Jim and Judy, Judy and Larry". Bay Area Reporter''. pp. 29, 31

Books
 Smith, Ronald L. (1993). Comic Support: Second Bananas in the Movies.  Secaucus, N.J.: Carol Publishing Group. pp. 221–222. .

External links

 Official Larry Storch MySpace page

1923 births
2022 deaths
American impressionists (entertainers)
American male comedians
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American stand-up comedians
Apex Records artists
Comedians from California
Comedians from New York City
DeWitt Clinton High School alumni
Filmation people
Jewish American male actors
Jewish American male comedians
Jubilee Records artists
Male actors from Los Angeles
Male actors from New York City
MGM Records artists
Military personnel from New York City
Actors from the Upper West Side
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States Navy sailors
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors

Larry Storch


النودلمان-ريختر إن.أر-23 (روسية: Нудельман-Рихтер НР–23) هو مدفع رشاش سوفييتي استخدم على نطاق واسع في الطائرات الحربية السوفييتية وطائرات دول حلف وارسو والدول المتحالفة مع الاتحاد السوفييتي. طور النودلمان-ريختر إن.أر-23 ليحل محل مدفع الحرب العالمية الثانية نودلمان-سورانوف إن.إس-23.
ودخل الخدمة عام 1949.

وصف المدفع
الإن.أر-23 هو مدفع ذو ماسورة واحدة، قصير الارتداد يطلق طلقة 23 مم. يعد شبيها بالمدفع إن.إس-23 ولكن مع تحسينات في الأداء الميكانيكي مما زاد من معدل إطلاق النار بمقدار 50%. كان معدل الإطلاق النظري للمدفع 850 طلقة/الدقيقة، لكن أدعى الأمريكيون أن القوات الجوية الأمريكية قد قامت باختبار المدفع (بعد الحصول عليه ضمن الأسلحة السوفييتية المستولى عليها) واستطاع ان يطلق 650 طلقة/دقيقة فقط.

استبدل الإن.أر-23 بعد ذلك بمدفع أخر هو الإيه.إم-23 والذي كان معدله لإطلاق النار أعلى. استخدم الإيه.إم-23 في الدفاع عن القاذفات. واعتمدت نظرية عمله على الغاز. كان وزنه 43 كجم واستطاع تحقيق معدل إطلاق نار 1200-1300 طلقة/دقيقة.

صنعت جمهورية الصين الشعبية نسخا من كلا الطرازين من المدفع حيث أطلق عليه اسم نورينكو تايب 23-1 (الإن.أر-23) وتايب 23-2 (الإيه.إم-23).

استخدامات المدفع
استخدم الإن.أر-23 بشكل أساسي في الطائرات المقاتلة مثل الميج-15، لا-15، الميج-17 وبعض طرازات الميج-19. اما الإيه.إم-23 فاستخدم للدفاع عن قاذفات القنابل وطائرات النقل مثل أنتونوف أن-12، إليوشن إل-28، توبوليف تو-14، توبوليف تو-16، توبوليف تو-22، توبوليف تو-95 توبوليف تي يو-142 والتوبوليف تو-98.

بالنظر إلى العدد الكبير من الطائرات التي استخدم فيها وعدد مستخدمينه الكثر، كان الآن.أر-23 من أكثر المدافع استخداما في يومه. في منتصف الستينات بدأ استبداله بالمدفع ثنائي المواسير جريازيف-شيبانوف جي.إس.إتش-23.

استخدمت نفس ميكانيكية الآن.أر-23 لإنتاج المدفع الأضخم الإن.أر-30 والذي استخدم في طائرة الميج-19 وبعض نماذج الميج-21.

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 نودلمان-ريختر إن.أر-30
 نودلمان إن-37

أسلحة روسيا
عتاد عسكري مخترع في عقد 1940
مدافع آلية
مدفع طائرة
مدفعية عيار 23 ملم

نودلمان-ريختر إن.أر-23


Skeksis este o specie fictivă care are rolul de antagonist principal în filmul fantastic din 1982 Cristalul întunecat, în cărțile însoțitoare The World of The Dark Crystal, în manga Tokyopop  Legends of the Dark Crystal și în  serialul Netflix Cristalul întunecat: Epoca rezistenței, ultimele două servind ca prequel al filmului din 1982. Rasa este descrisă ca fiind extraterestră și apare în episodul S03E07 al serialului Război intergalactic și este similară ca  apariție cu rasa Halosian din episodul S02E09 al aceluiași serial, episoade produse tot de compania Jim Henson Productions. Cuvântul "Skeksis" este și la plural și la singular.  Membrii acestei rase sunt descriși de artistul Brian Froud ca fiind "parte reptile, parte păsări răpitoare, parte dragoni". În film, Skeksis sunt animați de păpușari sub regia lui Jim Henson. Henson a afirmat că la dezvoltarea acestora s-a inspirat din cele șapte păcate capitale.

Membri ai rasei
 skekSo - Împăratul
 skekSil - Chamberlain
 skekVar - Primul General
 skekUng - Garthim-Master (al 2-lea General și noul împărat)
 skekZok - Ritual-Master (marele preot)
 skekEkt - Ornamentalist
 skekTek - Cercetătorul
 skekShod - Treasurer
 skekOk - Scroll-Keeper (istoricul)
 skekNa - Slave-Master (Călău, Patriarh)
 skekAyuk - Gourmand
 skekLach -  Census Taker (Colector)
 skekMal - Hunter (vânătorul)
 skekGra - Heretic (cuceritorul)
 skekLi - Satirist
 skekSa - Mariner (căpitanul)
 skekYi
 skekHak

Note

Rase extraterestre
Reptilieni fictivi

Skeksis


Indras net er i den hinduistiske mytologi et net, som tilhører guden Indra.

Nettet afspejler, eller er identisk med hele universet i alle dets aspekter, gennem alle tider. Nettet er sådan udformet, at der i hver knude hænger en perle/diamant. Hver perle/diamant afspejler ikke bare den nærmeste perle/diamant, men også hver perle/diamant, der afspejles i denne, og dermed de afspejlinger, som afspejles i afspejlingerne osv.

Den der kan se Indras net, kan derfor se alt. Da mennesker har indsigt udover hvad videnskaben giver, åndelige oplevelser, får såkaldte "anelser" om ting, eller oplever uforklarlige indsigt om tilværelsens grundlæggende natur, "magiske" sammenhæng", da har personen set en glimt af Indras net. Det er ikke mennesker forundt at se hele nettet. (Det skulle jo indebære fuldkommen indsigt i Guds væsen osv.) Mennesker der en stor del af sit liv har været søgende, eller som er født med god karma, anses imidlertid for at være i besiddelse af en usædvanlig evne til at se og tolke Indras net (visdom).

Myten om Indras net skal forstås i en hinduistisk synsvinkel. Indras net anvendes tit som forklaringsmodel, eller metafor for holisme, at alt er en helhed og hænger sammen, og (ikke mindst uventede) sammenhænge - også af hinduer - både i sekulære og religiøse sammenhænge. Måske mest i åndelige/filosofiske sammenhænge af mennesker med et syn på tilværelsen, som mere eller mindre er inspireret af hinduistiske eller buddhistiske livsanskuelse.

Hinduisme
Holisme

Indras net


Un été comme ça est un film canadien réalisé par Denis Côté et sorti en 2022.

Il est présenté en première mondiale et en compétition officielle à la Berlinale 2022. Il s'agit du quatorzième long métrage du cinéaste et d'une quatrième sélection en compétition officielle à la Berlinale.

Synopsis
Trois femmes  sont invitées dans une maison de repos durant 26 jours pour explorer leurs malaises sexuels. Elles sont accompagnées dans leur processus de guérison par une thérapeute allemande (Octavia) et un travailleur social bienveillant (Sami).

Fiche technique

 Titre original : Un été comme ça
 Réalisation et scénario : Denis Côté
 Musique
 Photographie : François Messier-Rheault
 Montage : Dounia Sichov
 Production :  Sylvain Corbeil, Audrey-Ann Dupuis-Pierre
 Société de production : Metafilms
 Sociétés de distribution : Maison 4:3 (Canada), Shellac (France)
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : français
 Format : Couleurs
 Genre : drame
 Durée :
 Dates de sortie :
 Allemagne :  (Berlinale 2022)
 France :
 Canada :

Distribution
 Larissa Corriveau : Léonie
 Laure Giappiconi : Eugénie
 Samir Guesmi : Sami
 Aude Mathieu : Geisha
 Anne Ratte-Polle : Octavia
 Marie-Claude Guérin : Mathilde
 Josée Deschênes : Diane

Accueil

Critique
En France, le site Allociné propose une moyenne des critiques de presse à 2,9/5.

Distinctions

Sélection
 Berlinale 2022 : compétition officielle

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Site de Maison 4:3

Film québécois sorti en 2022
Film dramatique québécois
Film réalisé par Denis Côté
Film de Maison 4:3
Film sur la sexualité
Film distribué par Shellac

Un été comme ça


Alfons Lob (* 7. November 1900 in Duisburg; † 31. Dezember 1977 in Murnau am Staffelsee) war ein deutscher Chirurg, Röntgenologe sowie Hochschullehrer.

Leben
Der gebürtige Duisburger Alfons Lob, Sohn des Kaufmanns Wilhelm Lob sowie der Adele geborene Rustein, wandte sich nach abgelegtem Abitur einem Studium der Medizin an der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn zu, das er mit dem Erwerb des akademischen Grades eines Dr. med. abschloss. Nach Weiterbildungen, gefolgt von Assistentenjahren habilitierte Lob sich 1938 als Privatdozent für Röntgenologie sowie Chirurgie an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, dort erfolgte 1944 seine Ernennung zum außerplanmäßigen Professor. Von Dezember 1944 bis Januar 1945 war er als Marineoberstabsarzt Leitender Arzt des Marinelazaretts Oldenburg. Anschließend war er bis Kriegsende Chefarzt am neu eingerichteten Marinelazarett Burg auf Fehmarn.

1955 wurde er in der Nachfolge des verstorbenen Max Kaspar die Chefarztstelle an der Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Unfallklinik Murnau übertragen, zusätzlich erhielt er die Funktion des Beratenden Arztes des Landesverbandes Bayern der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, 1969 wurde er in den Ruhestand verabschiedet. Der 1968 mit dem Bayerischen Verdienstorden, 1972 mit dem Großen Bundesverdienstkreuz ausgezeichnete Alfons Lob erwarb sich insbesondere Verdienste um die Weiterentwicklung der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie. Er wies auf die Rolle der Bandscheiben bei Wirbelsäulenverletzungen und die Bedeutung der Stabilität der Wirbelkörperhinterwand und der Gelenkfortsätze für die Wiederherstellung der Tragfähigkeit hin.

Alfons Lob – er heiratete 1937 Philomena geborene Weber, mit der er die Söhne Günter und Matthias hatte – starb am Silvestertag 1977 in Murnau am Staffelsee.

Seit 1920 war er Mitglied der katholischen Studentenverbindung KDStV Ascania Bonn.

Schriften
 Die Kurzwellenbehandlung in der Chirurgie, Enke, 1936
 Die Wirbelsäulenverletzungen und ihre Ausheilung: experimentelle, pathologisch-klinische Ultersuchungen, G. Thieme, 1941
 Sozialgerichtliche Entscheidungen über den Zusammenhang zwischen Unfall und Erkrankung, Enke, 1958
 Die Fortschritte und Grenzen der Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Aus dem Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Unfallkrankenhaus, 1967
 Die Krukenberg-Plastik in Friedenszeiten, Springer, 1970

Literatur
 Werner Schuder (Hrsg.): Kürschners Deutscher Gelehrten-Kalender. Band 1, 10. Ausgabe, Berlin 1966, Seite 1444.
 Hermann August Ludwig Degener, Walter Habel: Wer ist wer ?: Das deutsche Who's who, Band 18, Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1975. ISBN 3797302673. Seite 635.
 Walter Lohmann, Hans H. Hildebrand: Die deutsche Kriegsmarine, 1939–1945: Gliederung, Einsatz, Stellenbesetzung. Band 3, Podzun, 1956, S. 40.

Weblinks

 Eintrag Alfons Lob in theodor-frey.de

Mediziner (20. Jahrhundert)
Chirurg
Radiologe
Hochschullehrer (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)
Militärperson (Kriegsmarine der Wehrmacht)
Träger des Bayerischen Verdienstordens
Träger des Großen Bundesverdienstkreuzes
Deutscher
Geboren 1900
Gestorben 1977
Mann
Korporierter im CV
Absolvent der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn

Alfons Lob


John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell, IX duque de Argyll, KG, GCMG, GCVO, VD, PC (6 de agosto de 1845-2 de mayo de 1914), usualmente más conocido por el título de cortesía de marqués de Lorne, por el que fue conocido entre 1847 a 1900, fue un noble británico y cuarto gobernador general de Canadá desde 1878 a 1883. Es recordado principalmente por haber dado nombre a lugares de la geografía canadiense en honor de su esposa, y por su paráfrasis métrica del Salmo 121: "Hasta los montes a mi alrededor puedo levantar".

Educación y carrera

Nació en Londres, hijo mayor de George, marqués de Lorne y de Lady Elizabeth Sutherland-Levenson-Gower, hija del 2.º duque de Sutherland, fue titulado conde de Campbell desde su nacimiento. En 1847, cuando tenía 21 meses de edad, su padre sucedió como 8.º duque de Argyll, y él asumió el título de cortesía de marqués de Lorne. Fue educado en Edinburgh Academy, Eton, St. Andrews y en el Trinity College, Cambridge, también en la Escuela Nacional de Entrenamiento de Arte.

Diez años antes de ir a Canadá, Campbel viajó a lo largo del Norte y Centro de América, escribiendo literatura y poesía en el viaje. En el Reino Unido, representó, desde 1868, al distrito electoral de Argyllshire como miembro liberal del Parlamento en la Cámara de los Comunes.

Campbell se casó con la cuarta hija de la reina Victoria, la princesa Luisa, el 28 de marzo de 1861. Esta era la primera vez que una princesa se contraía matrimonio desigual desde 1515. La pareja compartía una común afición por las artes, pero llevaron una vida separada y nunca tuvieron hijos. Además Campbell, mantenía una amistad íntima con hombres que se rumoreaba tenían inclinaciones homosexuales, lo que planteó preguntas acerca del matrimonio de Campbell y suscitó los rumores alrededor de Londres de que Campbell era bisexual, sino ampliamente predispuesto a la homosexualidad.

Gobernador general de Canadá

Cuando el nombramiento de lord Lorne fue anunciado, hubo gran entusiasmo en todo Canadá. Por primera vez, Rideau Hall tendría un residente real. El primer ministro relajó su activo programa de campaña para preparar la llegada y organizar un carruaje especial y a la guardia de corps para proteger a la princesa. Un autor escribió en 1880 que «el nombramiento fue saludado con satisfacción en todas las partes del dominio, y el nuevo gobernador general inicia su mandato con los corazones de la gente fuertemente predispuestos a su favor». Sin embargo, Campbell y su esposa no fueron inicialmente bien recibidos por la prensa canadiense, ya que le molestaba la imposición de la realeza en el que hasta ese momento era un país con una sociedad no-real, una posición que solo fue exasperada por contratiempos y malentendidos. Las molestias de una rígida corte en la residencia canadiense de la reina no tenía sentido, la pareja real fue más relajada que sus predecesores, como lo demostraron en patinajes en hielo, fiestas de trineo, galas, cenas y otras ocasiones de Estado en que el marqués y la marquesa fueron anfitriones.

Durante el mandato de Lorne, la recesión sufrida por la economía canadiense terminó, y sir John A. Macdonald regresó como primer ministro. Canadá experimentaba una renovación de optimismo y un repunte de nacionalismo.

A los 33 años, lord Lorne fue el gobernador general de Canadá más joven, pero no demasiado como para manejar las demandas de su cargo. Él y la princesa Luisa hicieron muchas contribuciones a la sociedad canadiense, especialmente en las artes y las ciencias. Favorecieron la creación de la Real Sociedad de Canadá, la Real Academia Canadiense de Artes, la Galería Nacional de Canadá, incluso seleccionando las primeras pinturas. Campbell también estuvo involucrado en la realización de la Canadian Pacific Railway y otros proyectos, como un hospital en Columbia Británica. Además de actuar como mecenas de las artes y las letras en Canadá, Lorne fue autor de muchos libros de prosa y poesía. Sus escritos muestran una profunda apreciación por la belleza física de Canadá.

Durante su gobierno, Lorne se interesó profundamente en Canadá y en los canadienses. Viajó por todo el país promoviendo la creación de diversas instituciones, reuniéndose con miembros de las Primeras Naciones de Canadá.

Después de Canadá

La princesa Luisa regresó a Inglaterra en 1881, y Lord Lorne dos años después, en 1883. Lord fue gobernador y condestable del Castillo de Windsor de 1892 a 1914, y ocupó su escaño por Manchester South de 1895 hasta la muerte de su padre el 24 de abril de 1900, cuando sucedió como noveno y segundo duque de Argyll (su padre había sido creado duque de Argyll en la nobleza del Reino Unido en 1892). Él y la princesa Luisa vivieron en el Palacio de Kensington hasta su muerte por neumonía en 1914.

Uno de sus amigos íntimos fue Frank Shackelton (hermano del explorador sir Ernest Shackleton), principal sospechoso del robo de las joyas de la Corona Irlandesa. El robo, sucedido en el Castillo de Dublín en 1907, no ha sido esclarecido hasta ahora.

Literatura
 K. D. Reynolds. Aristocratic Women and Political Society in Victorian Britain (1998)
 Duncan Warrand, Lord Howard de Walden. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing (2000)
 Peter W. Hammond. The Complete Peerage or a History of the House of Lords and All its Members From the Earliest Times, Gloucestershire, U.K.: Sutton Publishing (1998)
 Charles Mosley. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, Wilmington, Delaware: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd (2003)

Enlaces externos
 John Campbell, 9. Duke of Argyll. En: Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Toronto 1979 ff., ISBN 0-8020-3142-0 en línea en inglés,  en línea en francés
 En Thepeerage artículo John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell, 9º Duke of Argyll
 Governador General de Canadá, en inglés

Campbell, John George
Gobernadores generales de Canadá
Alumnado de la Universidad de Saint Andrews
Royal Geographical Society
Caballeros grandes cruces de la Real Orden Victoriana
Caballeros grandes cruces de la Orden de San Miguel y San Jorge
Miembros de la Orden de la Jarretera
Caballeros de la Orden del Cardo
Miembros del Parlamento de Reino Unido
Doctores honoris causa por la Universidad Laval
Nacidos en Londres
Fallecidos en Londres

John George Campbell


Louis Braille (4 Ocak 1809 - 6 Ocak 1852), Fransız eğitimci ve mucit.

Braille, görme engellileri için dünya çapında okuma ve yazma için kullanılan körler alfabesinin sistemini icat etti. Braille alfabesi, 1'den 6'ya kadar belli bir düzen içinde sıralanmış kabartmalı noktaları parmaklarla üstünden geçerek okunur. Özel karakterler içeren Asya dilleri dışında hemen hemen her dile uyarlanmıştır. Louis Braille'in kendisi de görme engelliydi.

Erken dönem
Louis Braille, 4 Ocak 1809'da Paris'in yakınındaki Coupvray köyünde doğdu ama çocukluğunun büyük bir bölümünü Lisle'da geçirdi. Babası Simon-René Braille saraçtı.

Braille'in zamanı babasının koşum atölyesinde oynayarak geçiyordu. Üç yaşındayken bazı aletlerle oynuyor, bir deri parçasına bızla delikler açmaya çalışıyordu. Bu sırada deriye yakından bakarak, sertçe bastırdı ve bız sol gözüne saplandı. Yerel bir doktor, etkilenen gözü bağlayıp kapattı ve ertesi gün Paris'te bir cerrah tarafından Braille'in karşılanmasını ayarladı. Ancak hiçbir tedavi hasarlı organı kurtaramadı. Acı içinde, genç çocuk haftalarca acı çekti ve yarası ciddi şekilde enfekte oldu. Bu olay sol gözünü tamamen kör etti ve sempatetik oftalmiya (sympathetic ophthalmia) sağ gözünü de etkiledi; 6 yaşında tamamen kör oldu. Bazen ailesine "Niye her zaman karanlık?" gibi sorular sorardı. Görme engeline karşın ailesinin de desteğiyle Braille, okula okuma ve yazması isteninceye kadar devam etti.

Louis Braille enfeksiyonun eziyetinden kurtuldu, ancak altı yaşına geldiğinde her iki gözü de tamamen kördü. Braille, genç yaşından dolayı ilk başta görme yeteneğini kaybettiğini anlamadı ve sık sık neden her zaman karanlık olduğunu sordu. Ebeveynleri, en küçük çocuklarını normal bir şekilde büyütmek için - o dönem için pek alışılmadık - pek çok çaba sarf etti ve o, onların bakımında başarılı oldu. Babasının kendisine biçtiği bastonlarla köy ve kır yollarında gezinmeyi öğrendi ve görünüşte sakatlığıyla barış içinde büyüdü. Braille'in parlak ve yaratıcı zihni yerel öğretmenleri ve rahipleri etkiledi ve yüksek öğrenime uyum sağladı.

Eğitim
Braille 7 gibi erken bir yaşta Paris'te bulunan, dünyanın ilklerinden biri olarak kabul edilen Institution Royale des Jeunes Aveugles (Genç Körler Kraliyet Enstitüsü)'den burs kazandı. Aldığı burs bir kör olarak kaderini değiştirdi; o günlerde başka bir kör gencin kaderi sokaklarda para dilenmekti. Ancak okulun şartları çok da iyi değildi. Braille'e öğün olarak kuru ekmek ve su veriliyor bazı öğrenciler de istismar edilip ceza olarak odalara kilitleniyorlardı.

Braille sistemi
Braille sistemi aslında Charles Barbier'in Napolyon'un talebi doğrultusunda, askerlerin gece karanlığında ışık olmaksızın anlaşmalarını sağlamak için geliştirdiği sisteme dayanır. Barbier'in sistemi çok karışık ve öğrenilmesi zordu. Zira askeriye tarafından da reddedilmişti. 1821 yılında Charles Barbier, Paris Millî Enstitüsü'nün körler bölümünü ziyaret etti ve Louis Braille ile tanıştı. Braille, Barbier'in en büyük hatâsının, alfabesinin sahip olduğu temsilî harflerin insanın parmağını hareket ettirmedikçe anlaşılamaması olduğunu söyledi ve bu yüzden sembolden bir diğerine hızlıca geçilemiyordu. Kendisinin değişikliği, kör alfabesinde devrim yapan 6'lı nokta sistemiydi.

Braille, aydın ve yaratıcı bir öğrenciydi, okulunda yetenekli bir çello ve org çaları oldu, ülkesi Fransa'nın her yerindeki kiliselerde org çaldı.

Kaynakça

1809 doğumlular
1852 yılında ölenler

Fransız mucitler
Kör müzisyenler
Fransız körler
Panthéon'na defnedilenler
Yazı sistemi mucitleri
Fransız Roma Katolikleri
Fransa'da veremden ölenler

Louis Braille


Zdeno Chára (; born 18 March 1977) is a Slovak former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played 24 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Ottawa Senators, Boston Bruins, and Washington Capitals between 1997 and 2022. Standing at  tall, Chára is the tallest person ever to play in the NHL, earning him the nickname "Big Z".

Chára served as the Bruins' captain for all of his fourteen seasons with the franchise, from 2006 to 2020. He won the Norris Trophy as the league's best defenceman in 2009, becoming the first Slovak player to do so, and the second European player after Nicklas Lidström. In 2011, 2013 and 2019 Chára captained the Bruins to the Stanley Cup Finals, winning in 2011. He is one of four European-born and raised captains to lead his team to the Stanley Cup championship, and the first to be born and trained in the Eastern Bloc. In 2022, Chára played in his 1,652nd NHL game, making him the league's all-time leader in games played by a defenceman.

Playing career

New York Islanders (1997–2001)
After being passed over in the 1995 draft, Chára was drafted in the third round, 56th overall, by the New York Islanders at the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. He would spend his first season in North America with the Western Hockey League (WHL)'s Prince George Cougars, who subsequently selected Chára in that year's CHL Import Draft. Chára spent four seasons with the Islanders organization, becoming a reliable, stay-at-home defender in a primarily defensive role. He earned a reputation as a tough player to play against – intimidating, physically strong and a punishing hitter who could, on occasion, fight. His physical strength also gave him a very hard slap shot, which seemed to improve each and every season, although Chára was never deployed in an offensive role as an Islander. Chára was traded to the Ottawa Senators during the 2001 NHL Entry Draft as part of a deal to acquire forward Alexei Yashin. At the time, it was believed the deal would vastly improve the Islanders, who were never a contending team when Chára played there. Chára was part of a package deal that included Bill Muckalt and the second overall pick from that year's draft, which the Senators used to select Jason Spezza. The Islanders initially had a trade in place to send Chára to the Boston Bruins in exchange for Jason Allison, but team ownership nixed the deal because it would have involved Dave Scatchard, who they did not want to trade because they "liked Dave Scatchard because he visited sick kids in the hospital."

Ottawa Senators (2001–2006)

The Senators knew from observation Chára would be a reliable defender, and were also aware he was growing into his body and improving his skills each year. However, Chára grew in ways that exceeded all expectations. In 2001–02, during his first year in Ottawa, he recorded new career highs in goals (10) and points (23) as he turned into a bona fide two-way defenceman. His powerful slapshot continued to improve, and Ottawa began to deploy him on the power play to use it, something the Islanders had rarely done. It resulted in four of Chára's goals being scored with the man advantage that season. The following year, in 2002–03, Chára began to blossom into an elite NHL defenceman. He posted new career highs with 30 assists and 39 points and became one of Ottawa's top two defenders, along with Wade Redden. He also earned his first NHL All-Star Game appearance, where he recorded the second-hardest shot behind Al MacInnis in the Skills Competition.

In 2003–04, Chára posted career bests with 16 goals and 41 points, and recorded the NHL's third highest plus-minus rating, behind Martin St. Louis and Marek Malík, culminating in his first James Norris Memorial Trophy nomination. Although he lost to Scott Niedermayer as the NHL's top defenceman, he joined Niedermayer on the NHL first All-Star team.

After the 2004–05 NHL lockout, in which Chára played in the Swedish Elitserien for Färjestad BK, he matched his previous NHL season's 16-goal total and tallied a career best 43 points, good enough for NHL second All-Star team honors. Following the season, Ottawa was faced with the possible loss of its two top defencemen – Chára and Redden – and finances dictated they could only sign one; the Senators opted for Redden.  As Chára did not come to terms on a new contract with Ottawa, he became an unrestricted free agent at the end of 2005–06. Choosing Redden over Chára proved to be a mistake, as Redden's performance declined whereas Chára became one of the league's top defencemen.

Boston Bruins (2006–2020)

Early years in Boston, Norris Trophy and the Stanley Cup

On 1 July 2006, the first day of the free agency period, Chára signed a five-year, $37.5 million contract with the Boston Bruins and was named the team's captain, a role left vacant since Joe Thornton's departure to San Jose during the 2005–06 season. Chára became only the third Slovak-born NHL player to become a team captain, after Peter Šťastný of the Quebec Nordiques and Stan Mikita (co-captain) of the Chicago Blackhawks. Chára was named to the 2007 NHL All-Star Game (his second appearance) in Dallas and scored two goals in a 12–9 Eastern Conference loss. Chára also won the hardest shot segment of the preceding Skills Competition, clocking a shot at 100.4 mph. While his season was a personal success for many of these reasons, the Bruins were in a rebuilding mode at the time, and the signing was questioned throughout the NHL, as Chára posted an uncharacteristic −21 plus-minus rating that season due to the Bruins' struggles. However, his 32 assists were a new career high.

In 2007–08, Chára was voted a starter in the 2008 NHL All-Star Game, the first time in his career he received such All-Star Game honours. He repeated as the winner of the hardest shot competition, recording an even-faster 103.1 mph (166 km/h) on the radar gun. On 8 March 2008, during a game against the Washington Capitals, Chára suffered a torn labrum in his left shoulder. However, after missing five games, he played the remainder of the season, including the 2008 playoffs. Upon a first-round elimination at the hands of the Montreal Canadiens, he underwent a shoulder operation on 29 April. At the end of the season, Chára received his second nomination for the Norris Trophy after tallying a career-high 17 goals, 34 assists and 51 points, marking the fifth-straight season he had either matched or bested his previous season's points total. The Bruins improved tremendously this season, and the critics who had questioned the Bruins' signing of Chára the previous season were largely silenced by his, and the team's, improved play.

In 2008–09, Chára was named to his fourth All-Star Game. As back-to-back champion of the hardest shot competition, Chára initiated a charity drive among the participants ($1,000 per player) to go to the charity of choice of the competition's winner. The 2009 installation of the event featured additional intrigue, as three players widely considered to possess the hardest shots in the NHL (Chára, Sheldon Souray and Shea Weber) had all been chosen as All-Stars, and therefore would participate in the event. Having raised $24,000 from the six competitors and their respective teams, the NHL and the National Hockey League Players Association (NHLPA), Chára set a new Skills Competition record with a 105.4 mph (169.7 km/h) slapshot. He donated the winnings to Right to Play, and due to Chára's leading role in fundraising for charity, the hardest shot competition that year was punningly dubbed a "Chara"ty event. The shot passed Al Iafrate's previous record of 105.2 mph (169.3 km/h) from the 1993 competition. During the season, Chára posted a career best 19 goals and eclipsed his career best points total, reaching the 50-point plateau for the second consecutive year with a goal and an assist in his final game of the season. For his efforts, he won his first Norris Trophy as the NHL's best defenceman, edging Mike Green of the Washington Capitals and Nicklas Lidström of the Detroit Red Wings. Chára would post another standout season in 2009–10, scoring 44 points. His goal total fell to seven from the year before, but his play was as strong as ever, leading the Bruins to lock him up long-term with a contract extension; on 9 October 2010, he re-signed with the Bruins on a seven-year contract.

In 2010–11, Chára's 14 goals and 44 points were another strong campaign, leading to yet another All-Star selection and new heights as his slapshot continued to break records at the 2011 All-Star Game in Raleigh, North Carolina. He eclipsed his own previous record with a shot clocked at 105.9 mph (170.43 km/h). He also achieved a personal milestone that is exceptionally rare for a defenceman; on 17 January 2011, Chára recorded his first career hat-trick against the Carolina Hurricanes in a 7–0 victory. He celebrated the feat by performing retired Slovak NHL star Peter Bondra's celebration, where he mimed throwing a hat into the air. The 2010–11 season culminated in the ultimate glory for Chára, as he captained the Bruins to win the Stanley Cup against the Vancouver Canucks, the Boston team's first Stanley Cup championship win since 1972. In so doing, Chára became the first Slovak to captain a Stanley Cup champion, and only the second European to do so after Nicklas Lidström of Sweden for the Detroit Red Wings. He also became the first player born in a country behind the Iron Curtain to captain a Stanley Cup winner.

2011 Pacioretty incident
On 8 March 2011, Chára hit and drove Montreal Canadiens forward Max Pacioretty's head directly into an off-ice stanchion at the end of the bench, knocking him unconscious. Pacioretty was taken off the ice on a stretcher. The extent of the injury was revealed the next day to be a non-displaced fracture to the 4th vertebra and a severe concussion. For delivering the hit, Chára received a five-minute major penalty and a game misconduct, and videotape of the play was sent to NHL vice president of hockey operations Mike Murphy for review. However, Murphy decided no further punishment was warranted, calling it a "hockey play". Although a criminal investigation was announced by the Montreal Police Service immediately after the incident, the Crown Prosecutor Office announced on 17 November 2011, that Chára would not be criminally charged. Pacioretty eventually made a full recovery, returning to Montreal the following season. The following season the NHL tested and later mandated a change to its rinks to have a curved glass at the end of the player benches to deflect similar impact.

Final years in Boston
At the 2012 All-Star Game's Hardest Shot skill competition, Chára yet again raised his measured hardest slap shot velocity to another record, attaining 108.8 mph (175.1 km/h). Runner-up Shea Weber surpassed Chara's 2011 event record by recording a 106.0 mph blast in the same contest, but Chára's performance ensured he kept his title.

Chára is widely considered to have the hardest slapshot in the NHL, and quite possibly the world – the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) claims the world record belongs to Alex Riazantsev at 114.1 mph, but due to differences in the mechanics of the KHL competition, the NHL does not recognize this figure. Chára won the hardest shot competition at the All-Star Game Skills Competition five times in a row, in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2012 (Note: there was no NHL All-Star Game in 2010, due to NHL player participation in the 2010 Winter Olympics, and also in 2013 as a result of the 2012–13 NHL lockout). Chára played his 1,000th career NHL game on 24 March 2012 against the Los Angeles Kings, and it ended with a 4–2 victory for the Bruins.

During the 2012–13 NHL lockout, Chara agreed to play for Lev Praha of the KHL until NHL play resumed. He returned from the lockout to post another solid season, with 7 goals and 12 assists in the 48-game season. His point totals were down due to some of Boston's struggles down the stretch, particularly on the power play, where Chára only posted one assist all season despite plenty of ice time in man advantage situations. However, he remained solid on defence and a key contributor for the Bruins. In the 2013 playoffs, he was physically dominant and played a key role in leading his team to the Finals.

Following the 2013–14 season, Chára was named a finalist for the Norris Trophy. He was nominated along with eventual winner Duncan Keith and Shea Weber. Chára finished runner-up in the voting.

By the time the 2016–17 season had started, Chára was skating as part of the Bruins' top defensive pairing beside 6-foot-5-inch rookie defenceman Brandon Carlo, nearly 20 years younger than him. A similar "pairing" for Chára occurred as the 2017–18 season got going: the American-born star rookie defenceman Charlie McAvoy had, by mid-November of the new Bruins season, become Chára's latest "regular" defensive partner for the Bruins. By early February 2018, Chára played in his 1,400th NHL game in a 4–1 home ice defeat of the Toronto Maple Leafs, only the 39th player in NHL history to reach the milestone. On 28 March 2018, the Bruins re-signed Chára to a one-year, $5 million contract extension. On 17 April 2019, in game 4 of the first round series between the Bruins and Toronto Maple Leafs, Chára became the oldest defenceman in NHL history to score a game-winning goal in the Stanley Cup playoffs. On 9 June 2019, during game 6 of the 2019 Stanley Cup Finals against the St. Louis Blues, Chára scored an empty net goal and as a result became the oldest defenceman in NHL history to score a goal in the Stanley Cup Finals.

On 10 July 2019, following the retirement of Matt Cullen, Chára became the oldest active NHL player. On 5 November 2019, during a game at the Bell Centre against the Montreal Canadiens, Chára became the 21st player in NHL history to play 1,500 regular season games.

Washington Capitals (2020–2021)
On 30 December 2020, Chára signed a one-year, $795,000 contract with the Washington Capitals. He scored his first goal with the team on 28 January 2021, against the New York Islanders.

Return to the Islanders and retirement (2021–2022)
On 18 September 2021, it was announced that Chára had signed a one-year contract with the New York Islanders. On 24 February 2022, Chára played his 1,652nd NHL game, surpassing Chris Chelios' record of 1,651 games played by a defenceman. At the end of the season, he was a finalist for the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy, awarded to the player who "best exemplifies the qualities of perseverance, sportsmanship and dedication to hockey".

On 20 September 2022, Chára announced his retirement from professional hockey. He signed a one-day contract with the Boston Bruins to officially retire as a member of the team.

International

Chára represented Slovakia in ten international tournaments, having played in the World Championships (1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2012) and the Olympics (2006, 2010, 2014). He won a World Championship silver medal in 2000, later captaining Slovakia to his second silver medal in 2012. He also competed in the 2004 World Cup of Hockey for Slovakia and the 2016 World Cup of Hockey for Team Europe.

During the 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony, Chára served as the flag bearer for Slovakia.

In 2020, Chára was named into the IIHF All-Time Slovakia Team.

Personal life
Before he was drafted into the NHL, Chára's coaches in his native Slovakia attempted to persuade him to play basketball, due to his height. Also as a result of his height, Chára uses 67-inch sticks (four inches longer than NHL regulations), and received a waiver from the NHL to do so.

Chára married his long-time girlfriend Tatiana Biskupicová on 14 July 2007, in a Catholic church in Nemšová, Slovakia. Tatiana gave birth to the couple's first child, daughter Elliz Victoria Chára (Chárová), on 27 April 2009. On 7 March 2016, Chára became a father to twin boys, Zack and Ben. All three of their children were born in Boston. His father, Zdeněk Chára, was a prominent Greco-Roman wrestler.

Chára is an athletic ambassador for Right To Play. In July 2008, he spent two weeks in Africa, visiting Mozambique in support of the charity, and climbing Mount Kilimanjaro with former NHL player Robyn Regehr.

Chára was one of the first NHL players to endorse You Can Play and acceptance of gay players in professional hockey.

Chára is a polyglot, speaking six languages outside of his native Slovak: Czech, Polish, Swedish, Russian, German, and English. He also has a financial planning diploma from Ottawa's Algonquin College. In early 2015, Chára received a license to sell real estate in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Chára participated in the 2023 Boston Marathon to support the Hoyt Foundation and the Thomas E. Smith Foundation, finishing with a time of 3:38:23.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards, honors and records

 Elected captain of Team Chara in the 2012 National Hockey League All-Star Game.
 The Hockey News John Ferguson Award (toughest player) – 2013

Records
 Tallest player in NHL history at  tall.
 First NHL player born in the Eastern Bloc to captain an NHL team to the Stanley Cup (2011).
 NHL All-Star Skills Competition hardest shot record – 108.8 mph (175.067 km/h) (2012) (surpassed his previous record from 2011 at 105.9 mph, which surpassed a second previous record of his from 2009 at 105.4 mph)
Won the NHL All-Star Skills Competition hardest shot 5 times the most in NHL history.
 Most game 7 Playoff appearances in NHL history.
 Oldest defenceman in NHL history to score a game-winning goal in the Stanley Cup playoffs – 42 years and 30 days.
 Oldest defenceman in NHL history to score a goal in the Stanley Cup Finals – 42 years and 83 days.
 Most games played by a defenceman in NHL history.

See also
 List of NHL players with 1,000 games played
 List of Slovaks in the NHL

Notes

References

External links

1977 births
Algonquin College alumni
Boston Bruins captains
Boston Bruins players
Färjestad BK players
HC Lev Praha players
HC Sparta Praha players
HK Dukla Trenčín players
Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics
James Norris Memorial Trophy winners
Kentucky Thoroughblades players
Living people
Lowell Lock Monsters players
National Hockey League All-Stars
New York Islanders draft picks
New York Islanders players
Olympic ice hockey players for Slovakia
Ottawa Senators players
Prince George Cougars players
Slovak expatriate ice hockey players in Canada
Slovak expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Slovak ice hockey defencemen
Ice hockey people from Trenčín
Stanley Cup champions
ŠHK 37 Piešťany players
Washington Capitals players
Slovak expatriate ice hockey players in the Czech Republic
Slovak expatriate ice hockey players in Sweden

Zdeno Chára


متلازمة زولينجر-إيليسون (متلازمة زد-إي)  هي مرض تسبب فيه الأورام زيادة إنتاج الحمض في المعدة، ما يؤدي إلى تشكل القرحات الهضمية. تشمل الأعراض الألم البطني والإسهال.

تنتج المتلازمة عن ورم مفرز للغاسترين (غاسترينوما)، وهو من أورام الغدد العصبية الصماء يفرز هرمون الغاسترين. تؤدي زيادة تركيز الغاسترين في الدم (فرط غاسترين الدم) إلى زيادة إنتاج حمض كلور الماء من قبل الخلايا الجدارية في المعدة. أشيع أماكن ظهور الأورام المفرزة للغاسترين هي العفج والبنكرياس والمعدة.

في 75% من الحالات، تظهر متلازمة زولينجر-إيليسون بشكل عشوائي، في حين تكون في 25% من الحالات جزءًا من متلازمة وراثية جسدية سائدة (غير مرتبطة بالجنس) تعرف باسم النمط الأول من تكون الورم الصماوي المتعدد (متلازمة إم إي إن 1).

الأعراض والعلامات
قد يشكو المصابون بمتلازمة زولينجر-إيليسون من الألم البطني والإسهال. نشك بوجودها أيضًا لدى المرضى المصابين بتقرحات شديدة في المعدة والأمعاء الدقيقة، خصوصًا إذا فشلت محاولات العلاج التقليدي. وتشمل أعراض المتلازمة ما يلي:

الإسهال المزمن والإسهال الدهني.

ألم المريء الذي يشعر به المريض في الصدر والمنطقة الشرسوفية، خصوصًا بين الوجبات وبعد تناول الطعام في الليل.

 الغثيان.
 الوزيز.
 التقيؤ الدموي.
 التغوط الأسود.
 سوء التغذية.
 فقدان الشهية.
 سوء الامتصاص.

قد تظهر الأورام المفرزة للغاسترين كأورام مفردة أو أورام صغيرة متعددة. تكون الأورام المفردة خبيثة بنسبة 50% إلى 67%، وتنتشر بشكل أساسي إلى الكبد والعقد اللمفية قرب البنكرياس والأمعاء الدقيقة.

يملك نحو ربع المصابين بالغاسترينوما أورامًا متعددة في سياق مرض اسمه النمط الأول من تكون الورم الصماوي المتعدد (متلازمة إم إي إن 1). يصاب مرضى هذه المتلازمة بأورام في الغدة النخامية والغدد جارة الدرقية، إضافة إلى أورام البنكرياس مثل الغاسترينوما.

الفيزيولوجيا المرضية
يعمل الغاسترين على الخلايا الجدارية في الغدد المعدية، مؤديًا إلى إفراز المزيد من شوارد الهيدروجين إلى اللمعة. إضافة إلى ذلك، يعمل الغاسترين كعامل نمو للخلايا الجدارية، مؤديًا إلى فرط تنسج الخلايا الجدارية.

في الحالة الطبيعية، يخضع إفراز شوارد الهيدروجين للتحكم بآلية التلقيم الراجع السلبي من خلايا المعدة بغرض الحفاظ على درجة حموضة مناسبة. لكن ورم الغدد العصبية الصماء الموجود لدى مرضى متلازمة زولينجر-إيليسون لا يخضع لأي تقييد، ما يؤدي إلى إفراز كميات كبيرة من الغاسترين. وبالتالي تحدث زيادة كبيرة في عدد الخلايا المفرزة للحمض، وتنتج كل منها كميات إضافية. يساهم ارتفاع الحموضة الناتج في إحداث القرحات الهضمية في المعدة والعفج (الجزء الأول من الأمعاء الدقيقة) والصائم (الجزء الثاني من الأمعاء الدقيقة) في بعض الأحيان، وتعرف قرحات الصائم باسم «القرحات غير النموذجية».

التشخيص
يشك الطبيب بوجود متلازمة زولينجر-إيليسون عندما لا تستجيب الأعراض السابقة على العلاج، أو عندما تكون الأعراض موجهة بشكل كبير إلى المتلازمة أو عندما يبدي التنظير الهضمي العلوي مظهرًا وصفيًا للقرحات. يوضع التشخيص اعتمادًا على عدد من الاستقصاءات المخبرية والشعاعية:

 اختبار تحريض الإفراز: والذي يقيس مستويات الغاسترين المحرض. الآلية التي يعتمد عليها هذا الاختبار هي تثبيط الإفراز الفيزيولوجي لهرمون الغاسترين من خلايا جي في المعدة عند إعطاء السيكريتين ، على عكس خلايا الغاسترينوما التي تطلق الغاسترين ردًا على إعطاء السيكريتين،, وبالتالي يمكن أن يكون هذا الاختبار حساسًا في التفريق بين الحالتين.
 قياس مستوى الغاسترين الصيامي (على الريق) ثلاث مرات على الأقل.
 الإفراز الحمضي المعدي ودرجة حموضة المعدة (معدل الإفراز الحمضي المعدي الأساسي أقل من 10 ميلي مكافئ في الساعة، أما في متلازمة زولينجر-إيليسون، يكون أكثر من 15 ميلي مكافئ في الساعة).
 ارتفاع مستوى الكروموغرانين أ، وهو واسم ورمي شائع لأورام الغدد العصبية الصماء.

إضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن تحديد مصدر الإنتاج المفرط للغاسترين باستخدام التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي أو التصوير بالأوكتريوتيد المشع.

العلاج
تُستخدم مثبطات مضخة البروتون (مثل أوميبرازول وبانتوبرازول) ومضادات مستقبلات الهيستامين 2 (مثل فاموتيدين ورانيتيدين) لكبح الإفراز الحمضي. عند كبح إفراز الحمض تتحسن الأعراض عادة. يمكن أخذ العلاج الجراحي لإزالة القرحات الهضمية والأورام المفرزة للغاسترين بعين الاعتبار.

الوبائيات
تؤثر هذه المتلازمة بشكل شائع على الأشخاص بين عمر الثلاثين والستين. معدل الشيوع ليس معروفًا بدقة، لكنه يقدر بنحو واحد من كل 100,000 شخص.

التاريخ
ذكرت تقارير متفرقة حالات غريبة من القرحات الهضمية بوجود الأورام البنكرياسية قبل عام 1955، لكن الجراحين آر إم زولينجر وإي إتش إيليسون من جامعة ولاية أوهايو كانا السباقين لاقتراح علاقة سببية بين هذه الموجودات. شهد اجتماع الجمعية الأمريكية للجراحين في ولاية فيلادلفيا بتاريخ أبريل 1955 أول وصف لهذه المتلازمة، تبع ذلك نشر زولينجر وإيليسون ملاحظاتهما في دورية أنالز أوف سرجري.

مراجع

أمراض المريء والمعدة والاثني عشر
أمراض نادرة
اضطرابات بنكرياس الغدد الصماء
طب الجهاز الهضمي
متلازمات
متلازمات تؤثر على الجهاز الهضمي

متلازمة زولينجر إيليسون


Dimensionality reduction, or dimension reduction, is the transformation of data from a high-dimensional space into a low-dimensional space so that the low-dimensional representation retains some meaningful properties of the original data, ideally close to its intrinsic dimension. Working in high-dimensional spaces can be undesirable for many reasons; raw data are often sparse as a consequence of the curse of dimensionality, and analyzing the data is usually computationally intractable (hard to control or deal with). Dimensionality reduction is common in fields that deal with large numbers of observations and/or large numbers of variables, such as signal processing, speech recognition, neuroinformatics, and bioinformatics.

Methods are commonly divided into linear and nonlinear approaches. Approaches can also be divided into feature selection and feature extraction. Dimensionality reduction can be used for noise reduction, data visualization, cluster analysis, or as an intermediate step to facilitate other analyses.

Feature selection

Feature selection approaches try to find a subset of the input variables (also called features or attributes). The three strategies are: the filter strategy (e.g. information gain), the wrapper strategy (e.g. search guided by accuracy), and the embedded strategy (selected features are added or removed while building the model based on prediction errors).

Data analysis such as regression or classification can be done in the reduced space more accurately than in the original space.

Feature projection

Feature projection (also called feature extraction) transforms the data from the high-dimensional space to a space of fewer dimensions. The data transformation may be linear, as in principal component analysis (PCA), but many nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques also exist. For multidimensional data, tensor representation can be used in dimensionality reduction through multilinear subspace learning.

Principal component analysis (PCA)

The main linear technique for dimensionality reduction, principal component analysis, performs a linear mapping of the data to a lower-dimensional space in such a way that the variance of the data in the low-dimensional representation is maximized. In practice, the covariance (and sometimes the correlation) matrix of the data is constructed and the eigenvectors on this matrix are computed. The eigenvectors that correspond to the largest eigenvalues (the principal components) can now be used to reconstruct a large fraction of the variance of the original data. Moreover, the first few eigenvectors can often be interpreted in terms of the large-scale physical behavior of the system, because they often contribute the vast majority of the system's energy, especially in low-dimensional systems. Still, this must be proven on a case-by-case basis as not all systems exhibit this behavior. The original space (with dimension of the number of points) has been reduced (with data loss, but hopefully retaining the most important variance) to the space spanned by a few eigenvectors.

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF)

NMF decomposes a non-negative matrix to the product of two non-negative ones, which has been a promising tool in fields where only non-negative signals exist, such as astronomy. NMF is well known since the multiplicative update rule by Lee & Seung, which has been continuously developed: the inclusion of uncertainties, the consideration of missing data and parallel computation, sequential construction which leads to the stability and linearity of NMF, as well as other updates including handling missing data in digital image processing.

With a stable component basis during construction, and a linear modeling process, sequential NMF is able to preserve the flux in direct imaging of circumstellar structures in astronomy, as one of the methods of detecting exoplanets, especially for the direct imaging of circumstellar discs. In comparison with PCA, NMF does not remove the mean of the matrices, which leads to physical non-negative fluxes; therefore NMF is able to preserve more information than PCA as demonstrated by Ren et al.

Kernel PCA

Principal component analysis can be employed in a nonlinear way by means of the kernel trick. The resulting technique is capable of constructing nonlinear mappings that maximize the variance in the data. The resulting technique is called kernel PCA.

Graph-based kernel PCA
Other prominent nonlinear techniques include manifold learning techniques such as Isomap, locally linear embedding (LLE), Hessian LLE, Laplacian eigenmaps, and methods based on tangent space analysis. These techniques construct a low-dimensional data representation using a cost function that retains local properties of the data, and can be viewed as defining a graph-based kernel for Kernel PCA.

More recently, techniques have been proposed that, instead of defining a fixed kernel, try to learn the kernel using semidefinite programming. The most prominent example of such a technique is maximum variance unfolding (MVU). The central idea of MVU is to exactly preserve all pairwise distances between nearest neighbors (in the inner product space), while maximizing the distances between points that are not nearest neighbors.

An alternative approach to neighborhood preservation is through the minimization of a cost function that measures differences between distances in the input and output spaces. Important examples of such techniques include: classical multidimensional scaling, which is identical to PCA; Isomap, which uses geodesic distances in the data space; diffusion maps, which use diffusion distances in the data space; t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), which minimizes the divergence between distributions over pairs of points; and curvilinear component analysis.

A different approach to nonlinear dimensionality reduction is through the use of autoencoders, a special kind of feedforward neural networks with a bottle-neck hidden layer. The training of deep encoders is typically performed using a greedy layer-wise pre-training (e.g., using a stack of restricted Boltzmann machines) that is followed by a finetuning stage based on backpropagation.

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA)

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a generalization of Fisher's linear discriminant, a method used in statistics, pattern recognition and machine learning to find a linear combination of features that characterizes or separates two or more classes of objects or events.

Generalized discriminant analysis (GDA)
GDA deals with nonlinear discriminant analysis using kernel function operator. The underlying theory is close to the support-vector machines (SVM) insofar as the GDA method provides a mapping of the input vectors into high-dimensional feature space. Similar to LDA, the objective of GDA is to find a projection for the features into a lower dimensional space by maximizing the ratio of between-class scatter to within-class scatter.

Autoencoder

Autoencoders can be used to learn nonlinear dimension reduction functions and codings together with an inverse function from the coding to the original representation.

t-SNE

T-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) is a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique useful for visualization of high-dimensional datasets. It is not recommended for use in analysis such as clustering or outlier detection since it does not necessarily preserve densities or distances well.

UMAP

Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) is a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique. Visually, it is similar to t-SNE, but it assumes that the data is uniformly distributed on a locally connected Riemannian manifold and that the Riemannian metric is locally constant or approximately locally constant.

Dimension reduction
For high-dimensional datasets (i.e. with number of dimensions more than 10), dimension reduction is usually performed prior to applying a K-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN) in order to avoid the effects of the curse of dimensionality.

Feature extraction and dimension reduction can be combined in one step using principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), canonical correlation analysis (CCA), or non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) techniques as a pre-processing step followed by clustering by K-NN on feature vectors in reduced-dimension space. In machine learning this process is also called low-dimensional embedding.

For very-high-dimensional datasets (e.g. when performing similarity search on live video streams, DNA data or high-dimensional time series) running a fast approximate K-NN search using locality-sensitive hashing, random projection, "sketches", or other high-dimensional similarity search techniques from the VLDB conference toolbox might be the only feasible option.

Applications
A dimensionality reduction technique that is sometimes used in neuroscience is maximally informative dimensions, which finds a lower-dimensional representation of a dataset such that as much information as possible about the original data is preserved.

See also

 CUR matrix approximation
 Data transformation (statistics)
 Hyperparameter optimization
 Information gain in decision trees
 Johnson–Lindenstrauss lemma
 Latent semantic analysis
 Local tangent space alignment
 Locality-sensitive hashing
 MinHash
 Multifactor dimensionality reduction
 Nearest neighbor search
 Nonlinear dimensionality reduction
 Random projection
 Sammon mapping
 Semantic mapping (statistics)
 Semidefinite embedding
 Singular value decomposition
 Sufficient dimension reduction
 Topological data analysis
 Weighted correlation network analysis

Notes

References

External links
 JMLR Special Issue on Variable and Feature Selection
 ELastic MAPs
 Locally Linear Embedding
 Visual Comparison of various dimensionality reduction methods
 A Global Geometric Framework for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction

Dimensionality reduction


Općinska nogometna liga Labin, također i kao Općinsko nogometno prvenstvo Labin je bila liga šestog stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1989./90.
Sudjelovalo je 10 klubova, a prvak je bio klub "Jedinstvo" iz Nedešćine.

Ljestvica

 ljestvica bez rezultata dvoije utakmice
 Martinski – tadašnji naziv za naselje Svet Martin
 u slučaju neriješenog rezultata je izvođeno raspucavanje jedanaesteraca

Rezultatska križaljka

Povezani članci

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 library.foi.hr, "Raški rudar" (glasilo Istarskih ugljenokopa ˝Tupljak˝), ISBN 1334-1731
 library.foi.hr, "Raški rudar" – glasilo Istarskih ugljenokopa ˝Tupljak˝, god. XLIII, br. 4, Labin, objavljeno 17. srpnja 1990., str. 7 (Sport), preuzeto 4. kolovoza 2022.

1989-90 Labin
Labin
1989-90 Labin

Općinska nogometna liga Labin 1989./90.


Rubén Salazar Gómez (Bogotá, 22. rujna 1942.), je rimokatolički kolumbijski kardinal i bogotski nadbiskup.

Životopis

Rođen je u Bogoti, 22. rujna 1942. godine. Završio je filozofiju na sjemeništu u Ibagui. Na Papinskom gregorijanskom sveučilištu u Rimu je učio teologiju te je dobio licencijat iz dogmatske teologije. Također je dobio licencijat iz Svetog pisma na Papinskom biblijskom institutu u Rimu. Za svećenika je zaređen 20. svibnja 1967.

Imenovan je biskupom biskupije Cúcute 11. veljače 1992. godine, a posvećena 25. ožujkaiste godine. Dana 18. ožujka 1999. imenovan je nadbiskupom Barranquille. Nadbiskupom Bogote imenovan je 8. srpnja 2010. godine.

Na razinu kardinala ga je uzvisio papa Benedikt XVI., na konzistoriju, 24. studenog 2012. Kao kardinalu svećeniku, raspoređena mu je naslovna crkva San Gerardo Maiella.

U četvrtak, 31. siječnja 2013., kardinal Rubén Salazar Gómez je imenovan članom Papinske komisije za Latinsku Ameriku i Papinskog vijeća za pravdu i mir. Također je imenovan za člana Kongregacije za biskupe u prosincu 2013. godine i bio je jedan od kardinalnih birača koji su sudjelovali na konklavi 2013. U svibnju 2015. godine, izabran je za predsjednika Biskupske konferencije Latinske Amerike.

Za geslo ima Tada rekoh, evo dolazim (lat. Tunc Dixi Ecce Venio).

Izvori

Kolumbijski kardinali

Rubén Salazar Gómez


An Elymus sinoflexuosus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Shou Liang Chen ngan Guang Hua Zhu. An Elymus sinoflexuosus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Elymus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Elymus

Elymus sinoflexuosus


Amphoe Wapi Pathum () est un amphoe de la province de Maha Sarakham.

Histoire

Géographie

Démographie

Points d'intérêt

Références

Liens externes

Wapi Pathum

Amphoe Wapi Pathum


زاوية الانزلاق الجانبي  هي زاوية تربط انتقال الخط المركز للجسم الطائر بسبب الريح النسبية. يرمز لها في علم الطيران بالرمز β (بيتا) وتكون موجبة عندما تكون الريح النسبية متوضعة على يمين خط منتصف الطائرة.

ديناميكا هوائية
زوايا
مصطلحات الطيران
مناورات جوية

زاوية انزلاق جانبي


İkikise, Çorum ilinin İskilip ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1928 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 88 km, İskilip ilçe merkezine 36 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

İskilip belde ve köyleri

İkikise, İskilip


Laurent Hénart (født den 15. oktober 1968 i Laxou nær Nancy, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Grand Est, Frankrig) er et tidligere medlem af den franske nationalforsamling. Han er borgmester i Nancy. Han har været formand for Parti Radical, og fra 2017 til slutningen af 2021 var han medformand for Mouvement radical, social et libéral (MRSL).

Uddannelse
Laurent Hénart er uddannet på blandt andet Sciences Po Paris.

Medlem af Nationalforsamlingen
Laurent Hénart har været medlem af Nationalforsamlingen i 2002–2004 og igen i 2005–2012, begge gange for første kreds i Meurthe-et-Moselle. I 2004–2005 var han statssekretær i Jean-Pierre Raffarins tredje regering.

Formand for det radikale parti
I juli 2017 blev Laurent Hénart valgt som formand for Parti Radical.

Fra december 2017 til slutningen af 2021 delte Sylvia Pinel og Laurent Hénart formandsposten i Mouvement radical, social et libéral (MRSL). (MRSL havde to  medformænd).

Politikere fra Frankrig
Medlemmer af Frankrigs nationalforsamling
Radikale fra Frankrig

Laurent Hénart


An Bambusa kingiana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni James Sykes Gamble. An Bambusa kingiana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bambusa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Bambusa

Bambusa kingiana


York Cottage este o casă impunătoare situată pe domeniul regal Sandringham, în comitatul Norfolk, Anglia. Numele provine de la regele George al V-lea, care, pe când era Duce de York, a primit casa de la tatăl său drept cadou de nuntă. Inițial conacul a fost numită Conacul Burlacului.

Istoric
Regina Victoria a achiziționat terenul de la Sandringham în 1862 la cererea fiului ei cel mare, care dorea o casă pentru el și mireasa lui. După demolarea conacului existent a fost construită actuala Sandringham House. Întrucât acest palat regal nu era uneori suficient pentru a găzdui numeroșii vizitatori peste noapte, prințul a construit în anii 1870, la un sfert de milă de clădirea principală, o casă de oaspeți. Această clădire a fost inițial numită Conacul Burlacului.

În 1893, viitorul rege Eduard al VII-lea, pe atunci Prinț de Wales, a oferit conacul ca dar de nuntă
fiului său Prințul George (viitorul rege George al V-lea), care a locuit acolo cu soția sa după nuntă. Cuplul a trăit în această casă 33 de ani, până la decesul reginei Alexandra în 1925; cinci dintre copii lor s-au născut aici. George al V-lea a iubit York Cottage, despre care spunea că seamănă cu "trei pub-uri Merrie England împreunate".

În mai 2018, regina Elisabeta a II-a a oferit York Cottage nepotului ei, prințul Harry cu ocazia căsătoriei cu Meghan Markle. York Cottage este o reședință privată a familiei regale britanice.

Note

Reședințe regale britanice

York Cottage


Kettering Town Football Club é um clube de futebol inglês, situado na cidade de Burton Latimer. Atualmente disputa a National League North, equivalente à 6ª divisão do futebol inglês.

Fundado em 1872 como Kettering Football Club, manda seus jogos no estádio Latimer Park, com capacidade para 2 mil lugares.

História
Juntou-se à Midland League em 1892, venceu a competição na temporada 1895–96, vencendo ainda 2 times da Football League na Copa da Inglaterra (Loughborough e Leicester Fosse), sendo eliminado posteriormente pelo Newton Heath (atual ) por 2 a 1.

Em outubro de 2005, o Kettering Town anunciou a contratação de Paul Gascoigne como novo técnico do time em outubro de 2005, porém o demitiu após 39 dias no cargo. Segundo a direção dos Poppies, o ex-jogador da Seleção Inglesa "não tinha condições de exercer a função" e acusou Gazza de estar bêbado até mesmo em treinos e jogos da equipe.

Títulos
Debenhams Cup: 1978
East Northumberland League: 1903–04, 1905–06, 1906–07
Northern Alliance League: 1908–09, 1912–13
North Eastern League: 1935-36
North Eastern League Cup: 1950-55
Northern League: 1972–73, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1986–87, 1987–88
Northern Cup: 1972–73, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1984–85, 1991–92
Northern Premier League: 2016–17
Northumberland Senior Cup: 1914, 1915, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1952, 1955, 1959, 1963, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1981, 1982, 1985, 1992, 1994, 2015
Northumberland Minor Cup : 1905-06
Cairns Cup: 1905–06, 1906–07
Tynemouth Infirmary Cup: 1908–09, 1909–10, 1932–33
Tyne Charity Shield: 1913–14, 1925–26
Northumberland Aged Miners Homes Cup: 1909–10, 1911–12, 1919–20, 1936–37, 1938–39
Northumberland Aged Miners Homes Cup: 1920-21
J.R. Cleator Memorial Cup: 1982, 1983, 1984, 1988, 1992
Beamish Trophy: 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997
UniBond Premier Division Champions: 2005-06
UniBond First Division Champions: 1994-95
UniBond Presidents Cup: 1996-97
UniBond Chairman's Cup: 2005-06
Peter Swailes Memorial Shield: 2005-06
South Tyneside Football Benevolent Fund Gazette Cup: 1995-96
Radio Luxemburg Trophy: 1977-78
Texo Challenge Trophy: 2019-20

Ligações externas

Clubes de futebol fundados em 1872
Fundações na Inglaterra em 1872

Kettering Town F.C.


පළමුවන වික්‍රමබාහු (පාලනය 1111–1132) යනු ලක්දිව මධ්‍යකාලීන රජකෙනෙක් ය. ඔහු පළමුවන විජයබාහු රජුගේ සහ කාලිංග කුමරියක වූ තිලෝකසුන්දරී රැජිනගේ පුත්‍රයාය. ඔහු පළමුවන ජයබාහු රජුගේ පාලන සමයේදී රජු වෙනුවෙන් රුහුණු පාලනය කළ "මාපා" ("මහා ආර්ය පාද" නොහොත් කුමරු අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා) විය.

පළමුවන ජයබාහු රජුගේ අභාවයෙන් පසු පළමුවන වික්‍රමබාහු රුහුණේ සිටියදී තම පුත්‍රයාට සිහසුන ලබාදීමට පළමුවන වික්‍රමබාහුගේ නැන්දා සහ පළමුවැනි විජයබාහු රජුගේ සොහොයුරිය වූ මිත්තා දේවිය විසින් කුමන්ත්‍රණය කිරීම නිසා ගැටුම් රැසක් ඇති විය. කෙසේ වෙතත්, ඔහුගේ නැන්දා සහ ඇගේ පුතුන් රටින් පලා යන අතරතුර සිංහාසනයේ නියම උරුමක්කාරයා වූ වික්‍රමබාහු සමත් විය. ඔහුගේ පාලන සමයේදී වීරදේව නම් විදේශිකයකු ලංකාව ආක්‍රමණය කළෙන් ඔහු හා යුධ වදින්නටද සිදු විය. පසු කාලයකදී ජයබාහු හා සොහොයුරන් ද වික්‍රමබාහු ද වෙන් වශයෙන් විවිධ පලාත් පාලනය කලත් ඔවුන් ගේ පාලනය දරුණු විය. ඔවුහු රට වැසියා පෙළමින් බදු අය කළහ. මුලදී තමන්ට ද්‍රෝහි වූ බැවින් සංඝයා වහන්සේලා විහාර වලින් පිටමං කළ වික්‍රමබාහු එම විහාර හමුදා බැරැක්ක බවට පත් කළේය. පාලකයෝද ඔවුන් ගේ නිලධාරීහුද වැසියන්ගේ වස්තුව කොල්ල කෑවෝය. එය අභ්‍යන්තර අවුල් වලින් පිරි යුගයක් වූ අතර කිසිම සංවර්ධන කටයුත්තක් නොකරන ලදී.

මේවාද බලන්න
 ලක්දිව රාජාවලිය
 මහාවංසය
 ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාසය

මූලාශ්‍ර

බාහිර සබැඳි
 ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජවරු සහ පාලකයින් ලයිස්තුව
 කොඩ්‍රිංටන්ගේ සිලෝන්හි කෙටි ඉතිහාසය

Monarchs of Polonnaruwa
V
V
V
රජවරු - රජරට

පළමුවන වික්‍රමබාහු රජ


Married Love or Love in Marriage é um livro pela acadêmica britânica Marie Stopes. Esse foi um dos primeiros livros discutindo abertamente a contracepção.

O livro começa afirmando que "Hoje, mais do que nunca, são necessários lares felizes. Espero que este livro possa servir ao Estado aumentando seu número. Seu objetivo é aumentar as alegrias do casamento e mostrar quanta tristeza pode ser evitada."

O prefácio afirma que um livro destinado a ensinar aos casais casados como ter um casamento feliz, incluindo o 'bom sexo' - e, portanto, estava oferecendo um serviço ao 'Estado' ao reduzir o número de pessoas afetadas por casamentos fracassados.

A questão central é como o "desejo de liberdade" e a "exploração física e mental" podem ser equilibrados com os limites da monogamia e da criação de uma família. A resposta não está "na liberdade de vagar à vontade", mas em um "amor pleno e perfeito". Na lexicografia de Stopes, amor significa sexo e "acesso ao conhecimento de como cultivá-lo".

História da publicação
Stopes já havia publicado livros baseados em seu trabalho como cientista pesquisadora. Entretanto, os editores - ambos acadêmicos e mainstream - dos quais ela se aproximou para Married Love sentiram que o assunto era muito controverso e recusaram. Sua publicação foi finalmente financiada por Humphrey Roe, um empresário de Manchester e ativista do controle de natalidade, com quem Stopes se casaria mais tarde. Roe pagou as £200 exigidas pela pequena firma editorial Fifield & Co. que publicou Married Love em março de 1918.

Ele esgotou rapidamente e estava em sua sexta impressão em quinze dias.

O Serviço de Alfândega dos EUA baniu o livro como obsceno até 6 de abril de 1931, quando o juiz John M. Woolsey revogou essa decisão. Woolsey foi o mesmo juiz que em 1933 levantaria a proibição de Ulysses de James Joyce, permitindo sua publicação e circulação nos Estados Unidos da América.

Foi o primeiro livro a notar que o desejo sexual das mulheres coincide com a ovulação e o período imediatamente anterior à menstruação. O livro argumentava que o casamento deveria ser uma relação igualitária entre os parceiros. Embora oficialmente desprezado no Reino Unido, o livro passou por 19 edições e vendas de quase 750,000 cópias em 1931.

Em 1935, uma pesquisa com acadêmicos americanos disse que Married Love foi um dos 25 livros mais influentes dos 50 anos anteriores, à frente de Relativity de Albert Einstein, Interpretation of Dreams de Sigmund Freud, Mein Kampf de Adolf Hitler e The Economic Consequences of the Peace por John Maynard Keynes.

O livro foi a base para uma adaptação para o cinema mudo britânico de 1923, Married Love, dirigido por Alexander Butler.

Referências na cultura popular
 Downton Abbey (Série 4, Episódio 4): A governanta Mrs. Hughes (Phyllis Logan) diz que é impossível para a criada Edna Braithwaite (Myanna Burring) estar grávida porque Edna possui uma cópia de Married Love, sugerindo que ela entende os métodos de controle da natalidade e, portanto, não poderia estar grávida de Tom Branson (Allen Leech).
 Downton Abbey (Série 5, Episódios 2, 3 e 6): No episódio 2 da quinta série, Lady Mary (Michelle Dockery) tem uma cópia do livro, que ela usa para garantir seu namoro de uma semana com Lord Gillingham (Tom Cullen) não tem "epílogo indesejado". No episódio 3, ela pede para a empregada de sua senhora Anna Bates (Joanne Froggatt) esconder o livro e o dispositivo anticoncepcional (provavelmente um capuz cervical, que ela havia comprado de acordo com a recomendação do livro) em sua casa para evitar que fosse descoberto. na casa. No episódio 6 o marido de Anna, John Bates (Brendan Coyle), descobre o aparelho em sua casa, e fica magoado com a perspectiva de que sua esposa esteja tentando impedi-los de ter filhos, o que já foi tema da série entre eles, mas ele não sabe que o livro e o dispositivo estavam sendo usados por Lady Mary e não por sua esposa. Só depois de um tempo ele percebeu que o aparelho era de Mary e não de Anna.
 Em Parade's End (Episódio 5), minissérie da BBC de 2012, a personagem Valentine Wannop encontra uma cópia do livro nos vestiários da escola onde trabalha como professora de jogos. Ela discute isso com o resto da equipe da escola e decide devolver, não confiscá-lo, para dar às meninas a chance de aprender sobre sexo antes de se casarem.
 Em The Giver of Stars, de JoJo Moyes, Married Love é um "livro sujo" sendo desafiado na biblioteca de cavalos de carga na cidade fictícia de Baileyville, Kentucky.

Ligações externas

 Full text at the Digital Library of the University of Pennsylvania.
 Full text at the Internet Archive.
  Married Love audiolivro em domínio público em LibriVox

Livros de 1918
Livros de não ficção
Sexualidade
Feminismo
Contracepção
Livros do Reino Unido
Livros censurados
Filmes baseados em livros de não ficção

Married Love


Taenitis,  rod papratnjača u porodici bujadovki. Pripada mu 17 priznatih vrsta iz tropske Azije, Australije i Pacifika.

Vrste
 Taenitis blechnoides (Willd.) Sw.
 Taenitis brooksii Copel.
 Taenitis cordata (Gaudich.) Holttum
 Taenitis dimorpha Holttum
 Taenitis diversifolia Holttum
 Taenitis flabellivenia (Baker) Holttum
 Taenitis hookeri (C. Chr.) Holttum
 Taenitis hosei (Baker) Holttum
 Taenitis intermedia M. Kato
 Taenitis interrupta Hook. & Grev.
 Taenitis marginata Holttum
 Taenitis mediosora M. Kato
 Taenitis obtusa Hook.
 Taenitis pinnata (J. Sm.) Holttum
 Taenitis requiniana (Gaudich.) Copel.
 Taenitis trilobata Holttum
 Taenitis vittarioides Holttum

Sinonimi
 Holttumia Copel.
 Holttumiella Copel.
 Platytaenia Kuhn
 Schizolepton Fée

Izvori

Pteridoideae

Taenitis


An Paphiopedilum lowii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni John Lindley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Stein. An Paphiopedilum lowii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Paphiopedilum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 P. l. lowii
 P. l. lynniae
 P. l. richardianum

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Paphiopedilum

Paphiopedilum lowii


Gerd Trommer (* 28. Januar 1941 in Falkenstein/Vogtl.) ist ein deutscher Ingenieur und Autor von historischen Romanen.

Trommer studierte an der Technischen Hochschule Leuna-Merseburg, wo er 1970 promoviert wurde. 1976 begann er seine schriftstellerische Laufbahn, sein erster Roman wurde 1983 in der DDR veröffentlicht. Trommer lebt in Leipzig.

Werke
 Triumph der Besiegten. Kulturgeschichtlicher Roman um Domitian. Prisma-Verlag Zenner und Gürchott, Leipzig 1983.
 Wahn der Macht. Kulturgeschichtlicher Roman um Trajan. Prisma-Verlag Zenner und Gürchott, Leipzig 1987. ISBN 3-7354-0018-3.
 Saturnin. Verschwörer für Rom. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle/Leipzig 1989. ISBN 3-354-00527-0.
 Die Hölle hat viele Gesichter. Ein historischer Roman. Verlag Neues Leben, Berlin 1991. ISBN 3-355-01276-9 (thematisiert die Inquisition)
 Göttinnen ohne Gnade. Ein historischer Roman um Hadrian. Selbstpublikation im Engelsdorfer Verlag, Leipzig 2006. ISBN 978-3-86703-173-8.
 Die Todesreiter von Gila Bend. Abenteuerroman. Selbstpublikation im Engelsdorfer Verlag, Leipzig 2007. ISBN 978-3-86703-467-8.

Weblinks

Autor
Historischer Roman
Deutscher
Geboren 1941
Mann
Selfpublisher

Gerd Trommer


Max Vangeli es un productor y DJ de música house de origen moldavo. Reside en la actualidad en República Dominicana.

Biografía
Nació y creció en el este de Europa y se trasladó a Estados Unidos. Su interés por la música house venía de Europa donde viajaba cada verano. Empezó a conocer la escena y comenzó su carrera como DJ' en la Universidad de California en Santa Bárbara. Luego se muda a San Francisco, donde la escena dance es fuerte gracias a muchos artistas como Kaskade, Miguel Migs, entre otros.

En 2011, comenzó la grabación de su álbum debut con colaboraciones como Steve Angello y el cantante inglés Example, entre otros.

El 2010 fue un año crucial para Max Vangeli, haciendo su debut internacional, con múltiples giras por todo el mundo, y remezclar a diversos artistas. Ha tocado en algunos de los festivales en Cocoon en Frankfurt, Mansión en Miami, Avalon en Los Ángeles, Creamfields en el Reino Unido, y Mysteryland en Ámsterdam.

El remix, en colaboración de los hermanos suecos Steve Angello y AN21 de "The Island" para la banda australiana Pendulum,  alcanzó el número 3 en la tabla mundial de ventas de Beatport.
El sencillo "Swedish Beauty", producido junto al hermano menor de Steve Angello, Antoine Josefsson (AN21) fue lanzado en marzo de 2010.

El sencillo adelanto de su álbum debut fue "People Of The Night", producido junto a AN21 y al productor de trance Tiësto, se lanzó por el sello discográfico de Steve Angello, Size Records.

El 3 de septiembre de 2012 lanzó su álbum "People Of The Night" en colaboración con AN21. El álbum contiene 15 pistas e incluye colaboraciones de varios artistas y productores como es el caso de Steve Angello, Michael Woods, Congorock, Kim Fai y el alemán Moguai. Entre los vocalistas se encuentran, el británico Example, la vocalista estadounidense de house Julie McKnight, y el australiano Rudy Sandapa, conocido por sus participaciones en producciones de Dirty South y TV Rock.

Discografía

Álbumes de estudio
 2012: "People Of The Night" (con AN21) [Size Records]

Singles y EP
 2008: "Crazed EP" [Rising Trax]
Crazed
iRock (Feat. Digital Lab)
K.E.J.I. (Feat. Digital Lab)

 2009: "Your Love" (feat. Digital Lab & Simone Denny) [Awesome Music/EMI]
 2009: "Exit" (feat. Digital Lab & Sonic C) [Nervous Records]
 2009: "Fender Bender" [Stoney Boy/Armada]
 2009: "Aqua Kai" (Feat. Digital Lab) [Dumb Recordings]

 2010: "Gama" (Feat. AN21) [Size Records]
 2010: "Swedish Beauty" (feat. AN21) [Refune Records]
 2010: "Let It Rain" (feat. Simone Denny) [PBR Recordings]
 2010: "Look Into Your Heart" (feat. Max C) [U-Boot/NEWS Records]

 2011: "Whisper" (feat. AN21)
 2011: "You Don't Have To Whisper" (feat. AN21 & Example)

 2012: AN21 & Max Vangeli vs. Steve Angello – "H8RS" [Size Records]
 2012: AN21, Max Vangeli & Tiësto feat. Lover Lover – "People Of The Night" [Size Records]
 2012: AN21 & Max Vangeli feat. Julie McKnight – "Bombs Over Capitals" [Size Records]

 2014: Max Vangeli & Danny Ray  – "GRIM" [Size Records]
 2014: "Last Night Changed It All" [Size Records]
 2014: Max Vangeli & Adrien Mezsi  – "DNCE" [Size Records]
 2014: AN21 & Max Vangeli – "Tonight" [Size Records]

 2015: Max Vangeli - "You & Me" [Size Records]
 2016: Max Vangeli feat. Francia Marvel & Kacie Marie - Shine [NoFace Records]
 2016: Max Vangeli & Flatdisk - Blow This Club [NoFace Records]
 2016: Max Vangeli feat. Connor Foley - Stay Out [NoFace Records]
 2016: Max Vangeli & De Kibo - Feel The Music [NoFace Records]
 2016: Max Vangeli feat. Mackenzie Thomas - Why Do I [NoFace Records]
 2016: Max Vangeli - For You To Come Back [NoFace Records]
 2017: Max Vangeli & Databoy - Top Of My Lungs [NoFace Records]
 2017: Max Vangeli feat. Adrian Delgado - Save Myself [NoFace Records]
 2017: Andrew Rayel & Max Vangeli feat. Kye Sones - Heavy Love [Armada (Armind)]
 2017: Max Vangeli X Danny Ray - Made For Lovin You [NoFace Records]
 2018: Max Vangeli X Drop Departament - Ground Shake [NoFace Records]
 2018: Timmy Trumpet & Max Vangeli - Booty Shake [Hussle Recordings (Armada)]
 2018: Max Vangeli - Just Freakin [Free Download]
 2019: Max Vangeli - I Don't Wanna Say Goodbye [Free Download]
 2019: Max Vangeli & BLENDER - 4EVER [Free Download]
 2019: Max Vangeli feat. Nio Garcia - Me Siento Bien [Free Downdoad]
 2019: Marie feat Max Vangeli , JP la Memoria - Call me [wolfm Entertainment]

Remixes
2008:
 Mark Trophy – "Whop!" (Max Vangeli & Digital Lab Remix)

2009:
 Steve Angello – "Monday" (AN21 & Max Vangeli Remix)
 Kaskade & Deadmau5 – "Move For Me" (Max Vangeli, Digital Lab & Sonic C Vocal Mix)
 Late Night Alumni – "Finally Found" (Max Vangeli Extended Remix)

2010:
 Ellie Goulding – "Starry Eyed" (AN21 & Max Vangeli Remix)
 Cicada – "One Beat Away" (Max Vangeli Remixes)
 Jus Jack – "That Sound" (Max Vangeli & AN21 Extended Club Mix)
 The Prodigy – "Smack My Bitch Up 2010" (AN21 & Max Vangeli Remix)
 Eddie Thoneick & Erick Morillo Feat. Shena – "Nothing Better" (AN21 & Max Vangeli Remix)
 Switchfoot – "Always" (Max Vangeli & AN21 Remix)
 Gorillaz – "On Melancholy Hill" (AN21 & Max & Vangeli Remix)
 Pendulum – "The Island" (Steve Angello, AN21 & Max Vangeli Remix)

2011:
 Swedish House Mafia – "Save the World" (AN21 & Max Vangeli Remix)

2013:
 AN21 & Max Vangeli feat. Bnann – "Glow" (AN21 & Max Vangeli & Promise Land Remix)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Max Vangeli en TheDJList

Disc jockeys de música electrónica
Disc jockeys de Estados Unidos
Músicos de Moldavia
Personas de San Francisco

Max Vangeli


Wodyetia, monotipski rod palmi smješten u podtribus Ptychospermatinae, dio tribusa Areceae, potporodica Arecoideae. Jedina vrsta je W. bifurcata, australskim endem iz Queenslanda, gdje je poznata kao "foxtail palma".

Izvori

Ptychospermatinae

Wodyetia


EssilorLuxottica er frönsk-ítalskt, lóðrétt samþætt fjölþjóðlegt fyrirtæki með aðsetur í Charenton-le-Pont nálægt París og stofnað 1. október 2018 með sameiningu franska Essilor og ítölsku Luxottica. Það er einn af leiðandi hópunum í hönnun, framleiðslu og markaðssetningu augnlinsa, sjónbúnaðar, lyfseðilsskyldra gleraugna og sólgleraugna.

Samstæðan veltir 14 milljörðum evra og hefur markaðsvirði 33 milljarða evra. Fyrirtækið er skráð á Euronext-markaðinn í París og er hluti af CAC 40 vísitölunni sem inniheldur 40 stærstu fyrirtækin sem skráð eru í kauphöllinni í París og Euro Stoxx 50 sem inniheldur 50 stærstu fyrirtækin á evrusvæðinu.

Tilvísanir

Tenglar
 Heimasíða EssilorLuxottica

Fyrirtæki
Framleiðslufyrirtæki
Frönsk fyrirtæki

EssilorLuxottica


Røverens Brud er en stumfilm fra 1907 instrueret af Viggo Larsen efter manuskript af Arnold Richard Nielsen.

Handling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1907

Røverens Brud


Lavoy est un hameau situé dans la province d'Alberta, dans le centre-est.

Histoire

Économie

Géographie

Démographie

Notes et références

Hameau en Alberta
Localité désignée en Alberta

Lavoy (Alberta)


A fosfomicina, vendida sob a marca Monuril, entre outras, é um antibiótico usado principalmente para tratar infecções do trato urinário inferior. Não é indicado para infecções renais. Ocasionalmente é usado para infecções da próstata. Geralmente é tomado por via oral.

Embora o uso durante a gravidez não tenha sido considerado prejudicial, tal uso não é recomendado. Uma dose única durante o período de amamentação parece ser segura. A fosfomicina funciona interferindo na produção da parede celular bacteriana.

A Fosfomicina foi descoberta em 1969 e aprovada para uso médico nos Estados Unidos em 1996. Ela está na Lista de Medicamentos Essenciais da Organização Mundial da Saúde. A Organização Mundial da Saúde classifica a fosfomicina como criticamente importante para a medicina humana. Ela está disponível como medicamento genérico. Originalmente a fosfomicina era obtida a partir de certos tipos de bactérias Streptomyces, mas hoje é produzido por síntese química.

Usos médicos
A fosfomicina é usada para tratar infecções da bexiga, onde geralmente é administrada em dose única por via oral.

A fosfomicina oral não é recomendada para crianças com menos de 12 anos.

Já foram propostos outros usos além das infeçcões do trato urinário e o problema global do avanço da resistência antimicrobiana levou a um interesse renovado em seu uso.

A fosfomicina pode ser usada como um para tratar infeções complicadas, incluindo a  pielonefrite aguda. O regime padrão para as infecções complicadas é uma dose oral de 3g administrada uma vez a cada 48 ou 72 horas para um total de 3 doses ou uma dose de 6g a cada 8 horas por 7 a 14 dias quando a fosfomicina é administrada na forma IV.

A fosfomicina intravenosa está sendo cada vez mais utilizada no tratamento de infecções causadas por bactérias multirresistentes, principalmente como uma droga parceira, a fim de evitar a ocorrência de resistências e aproveitar sua atividade sinérgica com outros antimicrobianos. A dose diária para adultos geralmente varia de 12 a 24 gramas.

Resistência
O desenvolvimento de resistência bacteriana sob terapia é uma frequente e torna a fosfomicina inadequada para terapia sustentada. Mutações que inativam o transportador não essencial de glicerofosfato tornam as bactérias resistentes à fosfomicina.

A prescrição de fosfomicina em conjunto com algum outro antimicrobiano reduz o risco de desenvolvimento de resistência por parte das bactérias. A fosfomicina atua sinergicamente com muitos outros antibióticos, incluindo cefalosporinas, carbapenêmicos, daptomicina e aminoglicosídeos.

Já foram identificadas enzimas que conferem resistência à fosfomicina, sendo codificadas tanto cromossomicamente quanto em plasmídeos.

Três enzimas de resistência à fosfomicina relacionadas (chamadas FosA, FosB e FosX) são membros da superfamília da glioxalase. Essas enzimas funcionam por ataque nucleofílico ao carbono 1 da fosfomicina, que abre o anel epóxido, tornando o fármaco ineficaz.

As enzimas diferem pela identidade do nucleófilo utilizado na reação: glutationa para FosA, bacilitiol para FosB, e água para FosX.

Em geral, as enzimas FosA e FosX são produzidas por bactérias Gram-negativas, enquanto FosB é produzida por bactérias Gram-positivas.

FosC usa ATP e adiciona um grupo fosfato à fosfomicina, alterando suas propriedades e tornando a droga ineficaz.

Efeitos colaterais
A droga é bem tolerada e tem uma baixa incidência de efeitos colaterais prejudiciais.

Mecanismo de ação
Apesar do nome (que termina em -omicina), a fosfomicina não é um macrolídeo, mas sim um membro de uma nova classe de antibióticos fosfônicos. A fosfomicina é bactericida e inibe a biogênese da parede celular bacteriana ao inativar a enzima UDP- <i id="mwkQ">N''-acetilglucosamina-3-enolpiruviltransferase, também conhecida como MurA. Esta enzima catalisa uma etapa na biossíntese do peptidoglicano, a ligação do fosfoenolpiruvato (PEP) ao grupo 3'-hidroxila da UDP-<i id="mwmA">N''-acetilglucosamina. Esta fração de piruvato fornece o ligante que faz a ponte entre o glicano e a porção peptídica do peptidoglicano. A fosfomicina é um análogo de PEP que inibe MurA por alquilação de um resíduo de cisteína do sítio ativo (Cys 115 na enzima Escherichia coli).

A fosfomicina entra na célula bacteriana através do transportador de glicerofosfato.

História
A fosfomicina (originalmente conhecida como fosfonomicina) foi descoberta em um esforço conjunto da Merck and Co. e da Compañía Española de Penicilina y Antibióticos (CEPA) da Espanha. Foi isolado pela primeira vez por triagem de culturas de Streptomyces fradiae isoladas de amostras de solo, analisando a capacidade de causar a formação de esferoplastos em bactérias em crescimento. A descoberta foi descrita em uma série de artigos publicados em 1969. A CEPA começou a produzir fosfomicina em escala industrial em 1971 em suas instalações de Aranjuez.

Fabricação
O agrupamento completo de genes biossintéticos de fosfomicina de Streptomyces fradiae foi clonado e sequenciado e a produção heteróloga de fosfomicina em Streptomyces lividans foi alcançada.

A produção em larga escala de fosfomicina é conseguida fazendo um epóxido de ácido cis-propenilfosfônico, produzindo uma mistura racêmica.

Epóxidos
Ácidos fosfônicos
Antibióticos

Fosfomicina


An Neoregelia simulans in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Lyman Bradford Smith. An Neoregelia simulans in nahilalakip ha genus nga Neoregelia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Neoregelia

Neoregelia simulans