Frederick Herman Tuttle (July 18, 1919 – October 4, 2003) was an American dairy farmer, actor, United States Army veteran of World War II, and Republican candidate for the United States Senate from Vermont in 1998. He lived in Tunbridge all his life, and attended South Royalton High School before dropping out after the tenth grade to begin a career as a dairy farmer.  He served in the U.S. Army during World War II, and participated in military actions in the European Theater.

Tuttle retired from farming in 1984, and continued to reside in Tunbridge, where he engaged in gardening and other hobbies.  Tuttle was a neighbor of filmmaker John O'Brien, who recognized that Tuttle's charisma and unique personality might come across well on film.  As a result, he cast Tuttle in movie roles including parts in Nosey Parker and Man with a Plan.  In 1998, Tuttle and O'Brien decided that a Tuttle candidacy for public office might help publicize Man with a Plan, a mock documentary which centers on the idea of a retired farmer (Tuttle) running for the United States House of Representatives because it is easier and pays better than farming.  They decided to run for the Republican nomination to oppose Senator Patrick Leahy, in part to promote the film, and in part to poke fun at Jack McMullen, a recent arrival to Vermont, who was accused of moving to the state because it would be easier to campaign for a United States Senate seat there than in his home state of Massachusetts.

Tuttle defeated McMullen after a campaign of humorous and memorable incidents.  He then announced that he had no intention of leaving Tunbridge or serving in the Senate, and endorsed Leahy for reelection.  They made several joint appearances, and Leahy easily won reelection in November.  The campaign added to Tuttle's growing status as a folk figure and cult hero, and a steady stream of public appearances followed.  He died in 2003, and was buried in Tunbridge.

Early life
Tuttle was born in Tunbridge, Vermont, the son of Bessie Laura (Hoyt) and Joseph Charles Tuttle. He lived in Tunbridge all his life, except for his military service.  He attended the schools of Tunbridge, and completed tenth grade at South Royalton High School before going to work on his family's dairy farm.

Military service
Tuttle served in the United States Army during World War II.  He participated in military actions in Europe, first with the Military Police, and then Army Corps of Engineers.

Post-World War II
In 1947, Tuttle married Ida May Foote (1916-2000) in Canterbury, New Hampshire.  They divorced and in 1953, Tuttle married Charlotte Lorraine Perry (1929-1999) in White River Junction, Vermont.   He married Dorothy L. (Hilts) (1929-2011) in Maine in 1961.

Later career
Tuttle retired from farming in 1984 and engaged in gardening and other hobbies. After his retirement, he appeared in several movies directed by Vermont filmmaker John O'Brien, including Nosey Parker and Man with a Plan. He starred in the latter, playing a retired farmer who decides to run for U.S. Representative from Vermont.

In 1998, Tuttle was persuaded to run in the Republican U.S. Senate primary. His opponent was Jack McMullen, a multi-millionaire who had lived in Massachusetts for most of his adult life. McMullen faced opposition from some Vermont Republicans who felt that he was a carpetbagger who apparently moved to Vermont for the sole purpose of establishing residency for a Senate run. The Vermont primary structure allows Democrats and Independents to vote in the Republican primary, and many people foresaw the possibility that Tuttle would beat McMullen by drawing votes across party lines. In addition, some may have hoped that a Tuttle campaign would help to publicize the film Man with a Plan.

Tuttle campaigned on a platform that seemed absurdist by the standards of contemporary politics. McMullen and the state Republican Party challenged Tuttle's ballot petition and got 95 of his signatures invalidated. Tuttle needed 23 more to stay on the ballot and he received 2,309 more signatures. McMullen then gave flowers to Tuttle in the hospital while Tuttle was there for knee surgery.

During the radio-broadcast debate, Tuttle asked a series of humorous local knowledge questions rather than political questions. McMullen was unable to correctly pronounce the names of several Vermont towns, or correctly answer Fred's question "How many teats a Holstein got?" answering "Six", instead of the correct four. In the primary, Tuttle defeated McMullen by ten percentage points. Winning the primary with 55 percent of the vote, Tuttle promptly endorsed the incumbent Democrat, Patrick Leahy.

Tuttle's subsequent election campaign against Leahy saw him continue to receive publicity. He continued to endorse Leahy, saying of him, "He knows how many tits on a cow." Tuttle commented that he did not really want to win because he would have to move to Washington, D.C. Despite his endorsement of his opponent, Tuttle garnered 48,051 votes (22 percent of the vote) in the actual election.

Tuttle was described by Senator Leahy as "the distilled essence of Vermonthood". He was considered by many to be an example of both the "everyman" and of the unique individualist.

Death and burial
Tuttle died in Burlington, Vermont, after being hospitalized with a heart attack following a day spent digging potatoes at his home in Tunbridge. He was buried at Tunbridge's Spring Road Cemetery wearing his overalls, with a pen in his pocket for autograph signing and a can of Moxie by his side.

Electoral history

Notes

External links

1919 births
2003 deaths
American Protestants
People from Tunbridge, Vermont
Military personnel from Vermont
Vermont culture
United States Army personnel of World War II
Farmers from Vermont
United States Army soldiers
Burials in Vermont
Vermont Republicans
Dairy farmers

Fred Tuttle


بيلفلاوير  هي إحدى مدن مقاطعة لوس أنجليس، كاليفورنيا. تم إعطاءها لقب مدينة في 3 سبتمبر، 1957.

التركيبة السكانية
حدّد مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بيانات التركيبة السكانية لبيلفلاوير في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.

تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان بيلفلاوير 72,878 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 23,367 أسرة وعدد العائلات 17,117 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 24,247 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 46.09% من البيض و13.09% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.92% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و9.69% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.70% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و24.38% من الأعراق الأخرى و5.13% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و43.23% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 23,367 أسرة كانت نسبة 48.5% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 47% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 19% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك،  بينما كانت نسبة 7.2% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 26.7% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 21.1% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 7.5% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 3.09، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.59.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 29.7 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 31.8% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 10.3% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 31.8% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 17.1% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 8% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 95.3 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 90.8 ذكر.

بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في المدينة 39,362 دولارًا، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 42,822 دولارًا. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 32,658 دولارًا مقابل 28,012 دولارًا للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالمدينة 15,982 دولارًا. وكانت نسبة 12.8% من العائلات ونسبة 15.8% من السكان تحت خط الفقر، وكان من هؤلاء نسبة 21% تحت سن الثامنة عشر ونسبة 10% في الخامسة والستين من العمر وما فوق.

تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان بيلفلاوير 76,616 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 23,651 أسرة وعدد العائلات 17,769 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 24,897 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 42.21% من البيض و14.04% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.95% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و11.57% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.80% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و25.75% من الأعراق الأخرى و4.67% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و52.32% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 23,651 أسرة كانت نسبة 46.6% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 46.5% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 20.3% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك،  بينما كانت نسبة 8.3% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 24.9% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 19.5% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 6.5% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 3.21، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.67.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 31.9 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 28.4% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 11.1% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 29.3% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 22.6% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 8.6% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 48.6% ذكور و51.4% إناث.

توأمة
لبيلفلاوير (كاليفورنيا) اتفاقيات توأمة مع:
 لوس موتشيس

أعلام

 ويندي ماكليندون كوفي
 روبي غوردون
 كريس كارتر
 مالكولم ديفيد كيلي
 جيسون ليزاك

مراجع

بيلفلاوير (كاليفورنيا)
مدن كاليفورنيا
مدن لوس أنجلوس (كاليفورنيا)

بيلفلاوير (كاليفورنيا)


FK Mošćanica je bosanskohercegovački nogometni klub iz Sarajeva. Trenutačno se natječe u Drugoj nogometnoj ligi Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine – Centar.

Povijest

Klub je osnovan 2009. godine. Prvu službenu utakmicu Mošćanica je odigrala 13. rujna protiv ekipe Hrida. Rezultat je bio 5:0 za Mošćanicu. U sezoni 2018./19. osvaja 1. županijsku ligu SŽ.

Uspjesi

1. županijska liga SŽ
 (1): 2018./19.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Službena web stranica kluba

Nogometni klubovi u Sarajevskoj županiji
Nogomet u Sarajevu

FK Mošćanica Sarajevo


An Trichoglottis collenetteae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni J.J.Wood, C.L.Chan ngan Anthony L. Lamb. An Trichoglottis collenetteae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Trichoglottis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Trichoglottis

Trichoglottis collenetteae


Historia calamitatum, connu en français sous le titre Histoire de mes malheurs, prend la forme d'une lettre adressée par l'auteur Pierre Abélard à un moine inconnu et peut-être fictif à l'Abbaye Saint-Gildas de Rhuys. Rédigée en 1132, l'œuvre appartient au genre littéraire de la consolation, en même temps qu'elle constitue un exemple d'autobiographie, influencée par Les Confessions d'Augustin d'Hippone.

L'authenticité du texte a pu faire l'objet de débats, mais la question apparait aujourd'hui tranchée.

Titre
L'œuvre a pu être désignée sous une diversité de titres en latin comme en français. On retrouve parmi les titres français Consolation à un ami, Lettre à un ami, Lettre à un ami, contenant le récit de ses malheurs ou encore Lettre d'Abélard adressée à un ami contenant le récit de ses malheurs.

Le titre latin d'Historia calamitatum est absent du manuscrit, mais utilisé déjà par Pétrarque dans De Vita Solitaria (1346).

Contenu

La lettre représente l'occasion d'une introspection de la part d'Abélard, qui y raconte sa castration et son amour pour Héloïse, mais aussi sa condamnation au concile de Soissons en 1121, la destruction de ses premières œuvres et l'échec du projet de l'abbaye du Paraclet.

Éditions
L'édition latine de référence est celle de Jacques Monfrin publiée aux éditions Vrin en 1978, selon le médiéviste Jacques Verger.

Références

Liens externes
 Histoire de mes malheurs dans sa traduction de 1859 par Octave Gréard, revue et corrigée en 2000 par Édouard Bouyé.

Œuvre littéraire médiévale en latin
Livre paru au XIIe siècle
Autobiographie

Historia calamitatum


Gertrude Nadine Baniszewski (Indianápolis, Indiana; 19 de septiembre de 1929 - Laurel, Iowa; 16 de junio de 1990) fue una asesina estadounidense que con ayuda de sus hijos y jóvenes de su vecindario produjeron la tortura prolongada, mutilación y asesinato de Sylvia Likens. El caso fue considerado como "el peor crimen perpetrado contra un solo individuo en la historia de Indiana".

Primeros años
Baniszewski nació como Gertrude Nadine Van Fossan el 19 de septiembre de 1929 en Indianápolis, Indiana, siendo la tercera de 6 hijos. En 1940 fue testigo de la muerte de su padre de un repentino ataque al corazón. Cinco años más tarde, dejó la escuela a la edad de 16 años, para casarse con John Baniszewski, de 18 años de edad, con quien tuvo seis hijos. Ambos estuvieron juntos durante 10 años hasta que debido al temperamento de John se divorciaron.

Después de su divorcio, contrajo matrimonio con Edward Guthrie. Este matrimonio duro tan solo tres meses. Poco después volvió a casarse con su primer marido, con el que tuvo dos hijos más, hasta que se divorciaron de nuevo en 1963.

A los 34 años conoció a Dennis Lee Wright, un joven de 23 años con el que comenzó una nueva relación. Él abusaba de Baniszewski y ella tuvo un hijo con él, Dennis; luego de que este nació, Wright abandonó a Gertrude, pero la visitaba constantemente solo para pedirle dinero.

Sylvia Likens
En junio de 1965, Betty y Lester Likens, dos trabajadores de ferias ambulantes conocieron a Baniszewski en la iglesia, y le propusieron que cuidase de dos de sus hijas, Sylvia Marie Likens de 16 años y Jenny Faye Likens de 15 años, a cambio de unos muy necesitados 20 dólares por semana. Ella aceptó, y al principio todo anduvo bien, las hermanas Likens jugaban e iban a la escuela con los hijos de Baniszewski, y la acompañaban a la iglesia. Baniszewski y las Likens jugaban y se llevaron bastante bien durante la primera semana. Sin embargo, la primera vez que los 20 dólares enviados por los padres de las niñas llegaron con tan solo un día de retraso, Baniszewski "víctima" de depresión y con constantes ataques de ira, obligó a la niñas a que bajaran al sótano y se inclinaran sobre una cama y las azotó. Sylvia rogó a Gertrude que no agrediese a su hermana Jenny (debido a ser la hermana más pequeña y porque padecía poliomelitis), y que le pegase solo a ella. Gertrude aceptó. Ese sería el comienzo de un patrón regular de maltratos a las menores y el posterior crimen.

Tortura y posterior asesinato de Sylvia
Dos semanas después de haber dejado a las niñas al cuidado de Baniszewski, los Likens volvieron a visitar a sus hijas, sin que hubiera ninguna queja al respecto así que se marcharon conformes, y a partir de ahí Baniszewski, sus hijos, y varios adolescentes del vecindario empezarían la verdadera tortura física y psicológica de Sylvia. Por alguna razón, Gertrude no podía soportar a las chicas, y sobre todo a Sylvia, con quien más se desquitaba.

Un día le pregunta a Sylvia porqué pasaba tanto tiempo en la tienda donde trabajaba, Likens le dijo que solía juntar botellas de soda vacías para ganar un dinero extra. No le creyó y obligó a la joven a que se introdujera una botella de Coca-Cola en su vagina frente a todos sus hijos y Jenny, ésta se rompe, y los vidrios desgarran las paredes vaginales de Sylvia. También después de fumar solía apagar su cigarrillo en el cuerpo de la joven, además de golpearla con una paleta, y cuando se cansaba, le otorgaba la tarea de golpearla varias veces al día a su hija Paula Baniszewski quien tenía 18 años. Incluso en ocasiones obligaba a la hermana de Sylvia, Jenny, a que la golpeara en la cara.

Gertrude a la hora de cenar sólo le daba pequeñas raciones de agua, galletas saladas y algunas sobras. Una vez mandó a su hija Stephanie y su novio Coy Hubbard (un adolescente del vecindario), a arrojarla por las escaleras del sótano; así, Sylvia recibió un fuerte golpe en la cabeza y permaneció inconsciente durante dos días. Coy Hubbard era experto en judo y le encantaba lanzar a la joven por los aires hacia un colchón que se suponía que era donde tendría que aterrizar, pero muchas veces calculaba mal y Sylvia caía al suelo de cemento.

Pocas semanas antes del crimen Baniszewski obligó a Likens a escribir una carta dirigida a sus padres comentando que ella y su hermana lo estaban pasando bien, y luego, con ayuda de sus hijos escribió con una aguja al rojo vivo "I am a prostitute and proud of it!" ("¡Soy una prostituta y estoy orgullosa de ello!"), en el estómago y abdomen de Likens; y al sentirse incapaz de terminar, Richard Hobbs terminó ese trabajo.

Al día siguiente formuló la manera de deshacerse de Sylvia: le comentó a su hijo John Jr., que podían ir a tirarla a un basurero cuando se encontrase desfalleciendo, para que así muriera. Sylvia oyó la conversación e intentó huir, pero Gertrude la detuvo rápidamente y volvió a tirarla por la escaleras del sótano, encerrándola nuevamente.

En la tarde del martes 26 de octubre de 1965, Gertrude le ordenó a su hija Stephanie y a Richard Hobbs que le tirasen un balde con agua ardiendo a Sylvia mientras dormía para que despertara. Ellos así lo hicieron, pero la chica quedó totalmente inmóvil, dándose cuenta entonces de que ya no respiraba. Stephanie se desesperó e intentó reanimarla, pero para entonces ya era tarde, Likens ya estaba muerta. Las causas de la muerte fueron hemorragia cerebral, shock, e inanición.

Richard Hobbs fue quien llamó a la policía esperando que ellos la reanimaran. Los oficiales se percataron de las heridas de la chica y de su grado de desnutrición, le preguntaron a los jóvenes que fue lo que había pasado, pero ninguno respondió. Baniszewski trató de explicarles que unos vándalos le hicieron eso y sus hijos la habían traído a casa. Entonces Jenny Likens estalló en llantos y le dijo a los oficiales "Sáquenme de aquí y les diré todo". Gertrude, sus hijos, y varios jóvenes del vecindario fueron arrestados por la policía.

Juicio y condena
Gertrude Baniszewski, sus hijos, Hobbs, y Hubbard, tuvieron libertad bajo fianza en espera del juicio.

 Gertrude Baniszewski fue hallada culpable de asesinato en primer grado y sentenciada a cadena perpetua. Se le recluyó en la Prisión de Mujeres de Indiana. Obtuvo su libertad condicional por buen comportamiento el 4 de diciembre de 1985, tras estar 20 años en prisión. Ella se cambió el nombre por el de Nadine van Fossan y se mudó a Iowa, donde murió de cáncer de pulmón el 16 de junio de 1990, pocos años después de aceptar finalmente su culpabilidad.

 Paula Baniszewski fue hallada culpable de asesinato en segundo grado y sentenciada a cadena perpetua. Obtuvo su libertad condicional el 23 de febrero de 1973, después de permanecer 7 años en prisión. Tuvo una hija en ese mismo año y la llamó Gertrude.

 Coy Hubbard fue hallado culpable por homicidio impremeditado y sentenciado a 21 años de prisión. Se convirtió en un delincuente y volvió a la cárcel con frecuencia.

 Richard Hobbs murió de cáncer de pulmón a la edad de 21 años, 4 años después de salir del reformatorio.

 John Baniszewski Jr. pese a tener 13 años de edad, fue sentenciado a cumplir 21 años de cárcel; fue el preso más joven del reformatorio de la historia de ese estado. Tras cumplir su condena, se convirtió en pastor laico, para contar su historia.

 Stephanie Baniszewski fue hallada culpable por cómplice y fue sentenciada a cumplir 12 meses en prisión. Ella junto con Coy Hubbard arrojaron a Sylvia por las escaleras del sótano, lo que le produjo una hemorragia cerebral.

Películas
 La película An American Crime estrenada en 2007 está basada en el caso. El personaje de Gertrude Baniszewski es reencarnado por la actriz Catherine Keener, mientras que el personaje de Sylvia Likens es protagonizado por Elliot Page. A pesar de que supuestamente está basada en los hechos reales, algunas partes de la película no encajan con lo que sucedió realmente.

 La película The Girl Next Door también estrenada en 2007 la cual lleva el mismo nombre que el libro de Jack Ketchum basado en caso el cual salió a la venta en 1989, es protagonizada por Blanche Baker interpretando a Gertrude Baniszewski y Blythe Auffarth interpretando a Sylvia Likens. La película se basa libremente en los hechos de como sucedieron realmente y los nombres de Baniszewski y Likens son cambiados por los de Ruth Chandler y Meg Loughlin respectivamente.

Véase también
 Sadismo
 Tortura

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Crime Library: The Torturing Death of Sylvia Marie Likens
 Baniszewski Trial Transcript. - Gertrude Baniszewski: Defendant

Nacidos en Indianápolis
Asesinas de Estados Unidos
Condenados a cadena perpetua
Torturadores de Estados Unidos
Fallecidos por cáncer de pulmón en Iowa

Gertrude Baniszewski


المقتبس من أنباء الأندلس هو تأريخ للمؤرخ ابن حيان القرطبي تناول فيه تاريخ الأندلس منذ بوادر الفتح الإسلامي للأندلس سنة 91 هـ إلى سنة 363 هـ في حكم الحكم المستنصر بالله. وسبب تسميته «المقتبس» أن المؤلف اعتمد فيه على «الاقتباس» من الكتب السابقة، والمقتبس كتاب ضخم يبلغ عشر مجلدات ولكن الذي وصل منه هو عدة قطع فقط. كما أن المقتبس قد ورد ذكره بأسماء متعددة فابن حزم يذكره باسم «كتاب التاريخ الكبير» ويذكره الزركلي باسم «المقتبس في تاريخ الأندلس» في الأعلام، وكذلك كحالة في (معجم المؤلفين)، والمقتبس في تاريخ رجال الأندلس كما ذكره فيليب حتيفي (تاريخ العرب)، و«المقتبس من أنباء أهل الأندلس» كما ذكره ابن الأبار في (الحلة السيراء)، وقد ورد في الجزء الذي حققه عبد الرحمن علي الحجي بخط المؤلف «المقتبس في أخبار بلد الأندلس».

الأجزاء المتوفرة من المقتبس
 القطعة الأولى: وجدها «ليفي بروفنسال» في خزانة القرويين بفاس، وتتألف من ستين لوحة كبيرة، وفيها حوادث الأندلس من عام 180 هـ إلى 232 هـ، وتؤرخ لإمارة الحكم بن هشام و25 سنة من إمارة ابنه عبد الرحمن الأوسط وتتفرد بمعلومات لا توجد إلا فيها،  لكن هذه القطعة رغم اعتماد بروفنسال عليها في تأليف كتابه «تاريخ إسبانيا الإسلامية» وإرساله صورة عن المخطوط إلى «عبد الحميد العبادي» فإن الأصل ضاع ولم يوجد في مقتنياته بعد وفاته. ثم اكتشف المخطوط في جامعة مدريد وطبع كصورة مخطوط 1999، ونشره محققًا د.مكي 2003 في مركز الملك فيصل للبحوث والدراسات الإسلاميةبعنوان «السفر الثاني من كتاب المقتبس»
 القطعة الثانية: تلي بالترتيب القطعة الأولى ومتصلة معها وتغطي من 232 هـ إلى 267 هـ وتغطي تتمة إمارة عبد الرحمن الأوسط ومعظم إمارة محمد بن عبد الرحمن، ونشرها د. محمود علي مكي 1973 في دار الكتاب العربي.
 القطعة الثالثة: توجد في المكتبة البودلية بأكسفورد 107 لوحة وتغطي من 267 هـ إلى 300 هـ صدرت في باريس 1937 ثم أعاد تحقيقها إسماعيل العربي ونشرها في دار آفاق في المغرب 1990.
 القطعة الرابعة: وتغطي من 300 إلى 330 هـ وتؤلف القسم الخامس من الكتاب، وفيها نقص من أولها، نشرت في إسبانيا ثم نشر ترجمة إسبانية لها،
 القطعة الخامسة وتغطي من 360 إلى 364 هـ وهي التي حققها عبد الرحمن حجي ونشرت في بيروت

الأجزاء المطبوعة
 المقتبس في أخبار بلد الأندلس - ابن حيان القرطبي - تحقيق د. عبد الرحمن علي الحجي
 المقتبس في أخبار بلد الأندلس - ابن حيان القرطبي بتحقيق د. صلاح الدين الهواري
 كتاب المقتبس لابن حيان القرطبي تحقيق د. محمود علي مكي
 المقتبس لابن حيان تحقيق إسماعيل العربي
 المقتبس لابن حيان القرطبي (الجزء الخامس) نشره: ب. شالميتا بالتعاون لضبطه وتحقيقه مع: ف. كورينطي وم. صبح وغيرهما
 السفر الثاني من كتاب المقتبس لابن حيان الأندلسي، تحقيق د. محمود علي مكي، مركز الملك فيصل للبحوث والدراسات الإسلامية بالرياض، الطبعة الأولى سنة 1424 هـ - 2003 م

حادثة المجاعة
مما أورده ابن حيان القرطبي عن ابن هشام الشبينسي: نالت أهل الأندلس مجاعة شديدة صدر 207 هـ سببه الجراد الذي أكل الغلال فنالت الناس مجاعة عظيمة، كفى حدها الأمير عبد الرحمن بإطعام الضعفاء والمساكين من أهل قرطبة، وذكر فيها دعاء الإمام وتأمين أيوب العابد المستجاب فسقى الله الناس وغاب أيوب فلم يظهر.

ذكره الأشعار
ذكر المؤلف في كتابه الكثير من الأشعار التي توثق الأحداث من تولي الحكام وموتهم وذم القضاة الفسادين وغير ذلك.
من مثل قول شاعر الهجاء في ذم القاضي يخامر: فسبحان من أعطاك بطشًأ وقوة.. وسبحان من أعطى القضاء يخامرًا

مراجع

كتب باللغة العربية
كتب تاريخ عربية
كتب تاريخية

المقتبس من أنباء الأندلس


O (О о; italik: О о) Kiril alfabesi'nin bir harfi.

Örneğin;

Rusça : Oттоманский : Ottomanskiy (Osmanlı : tr)

O

О


Artemios "Demis" Ventouris-Roussos ( ; , ; 15 June 1946 – 25 January 2015) was a Greek singer, songwriter and musician. As a band member he is best remembered for his work in the progressive rock music act Aphrodite's Child, but as a vocal soloist, his repertoire included hit songs like "Goodbye, My Love, Goodbye", "From Souvenirs to Souvenirs" and "Forever and Ever".

Roussos sold over 60 million albums worldwide and became "an unlikely kaftan-wearing sex symbol".

Early life
Roussos was born and raised in Alexandria, Egypt, in a Greek family. His father George (Yorgos) Roussos was a classical guitarist and an engineer and his mother Olga participated with her husband in an amateur theatrical Greek group in Alexandria (there were three such groups in the Greek community); her family originally came from Greece.

As a child, Roussos studied music and joined the Greek Church Byzantine choir in Alexandria. His formative years in the ancient port city's cosmopolitan atmosphere were influenced by jazz, but also traditional Arabic and Greek Orthodox music. His parents lost their possessions during the Suez Crisis and consequently decided to move to Greece.

Musical career
After settling in Greece, Roussos participated in a series of musical groups beginning with the Idols when he was 17, where he met Evángelos Papathanassíou (later known as Vangelis) and Loukas Sideras, his future bandmates in Aphrodite's Child. After this, he joined the Athens-based band We Five, another cover band which had limited success in Greece.

Roussos came to a wider audience in 1967 when he joined progressive rock band Aphrodite's Child, with Vangelis and Sideras, initially as a singer but later also playing bass guitar, achieving commercial success in France and other parts of Europe from 1968 to 1972. They set off for London to break into the international music scene but were turned back at Dover due to visa problems. They retreated to Paris where they decided to stay, signing a record deal there with Philips Records. Their first recording sessions were delayed by the general strike of May 1968 but later the same year the song "Rain and Tears" was issued across Europe. The song appeared on the album End of the World in October. Composed by Vangelis and the French lyricist Boris Bergman, the song featured Roussos's unusual high tenor. The song was only a minor hit in Britain but was successful in many other countries. Roussos's operatic vocal style helped propel the band to international success, notably on their final album 666, based on passages from the Book of Revelation, which became a progressive rock cult classic.

After Aphrodite's Child disbanded, Roussos continued to record sporadically with his former bandmate Vangelis. In 1970, the two released the film score album Sex Power (the album has also been credited to Aphrodite's Child), and later recorded the 1977 album Magic together. Their most successful collaboration was "Race to the End" (also sung in Spanish as "Tu Libertad"), a vocal adaptation of the musical theme from the Oscar-winning film Chariots of Fire (scored by Vangelis). Roussos also guested on Vangelis's soundtrack to Blade Runner (1982), on the tracks "Tales of the Future", "Damask Rose", "Taffey's Snake Pit Bar", and "On the Trail of Nexus 6" (several only available in non-bootleg form on the 29th Anniversary Limited Edition CD set released in 2011).

Solo career
Roussos also began a solo career with the song "We Shall Dance" in 1971, which was a top ten hit in both the Netherlands and Belgium. Initially unsuccessful, he toured around Europe and became a leading artist. His solo career peaked in the mid 1970s with several hit albums. His single "Forever and Ever" topped the charts in several countries in 1973. It was No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart in 1976.

Other hits by Roussos included "My Friend the Wind", "My Reason", "Velvet Mornings", "Goodbye My Love, Goodbye", "Someday Somewhere" and "Lovely Lady of Arcadia". His first UK single to chart was in 1975: "Happy to Be on an Island in the Sun", written by Northern Irishman David Lewis, with the record reaching No. 5 on the charts. His popularity in the rest of Europe, but not the UK, came to fascinate BBC TV producer John King who made a documentary titled "The Roussos Phenomenon" in 1976. Philips Records released a four-song record of the same name, which was the first extended play to top the UK singles chart. He was equally successful across Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and Japan.

In 1973, Roussos made one of his earliest television appearances on The Basil Brush Show and also appeared on Nana Mouskouri's TV show in the UK. In 1978 he had his only disco hit titled "L-O-V-E (Got A Hold Of Me)". In 1980, he had a hit with a cover of Air Supply's "Lost in Love", sung as a duet with Florence Warner.

Roussos' run of hits was maintained in the 1980s mainly in France with a number two "Quand je t'aime" in 1988 and "On écrit sur les murs" in 1989, along with golden records for the albums Le Grec and Voice and Vision. Also his Christmas Album and Greatest Hits easily reached the gold status in France, Belgium and the Netherlands. In 1989, he recorded the song "Young Love", a duet with German singer and songwriter Drafi Deutscher, which was released as a single in Germany and reached No. 2 on the German music TV show ZDF-Hitparade in October that year.

In 1982, Roussos released an album simply titled Demis, on which Jon Anderson of the band Yes collaborated, writing one song music and lyrics Lament and writing lyrics on two others, the first one Song For The Free and the other one Race to the end with music by Vangelis. This song, is actually a cover of Vangelis' hit, Chariots of Fire on which Jon Anderson wrote the lyrics for Roussos.

The 1990s saw even more substantial releases by Roussos. In 1993, he released "Insight" (also called "Morning Has Broken") to general acclaim. After that he teamed up with BR Music in the Netherlands to produce "Immortel", "Serenade" and "In Holland".

Roussos continued to record and tour. In 2002 he toured England when a "best of" collection he made, Forever and Ever – Definitive Collection, reached no. 17 on the UK Albums Chart, although his voice was noted to have changed with "the trilling vibrato having evolved into a husky, and at times guttural, whisper."

In more recent years he appeared in Russia and the United Arab Emirates. A committed follower of the Greek Orthodox faith, he sang as a guest in a number of churches in Greece and worldwide, including France.

In 2006, he released Demis Roussos – Live in Brasil, almost thirty years after "Você Você e Nada Mais", a Portuguese hit in 1977. From 2006 to 2008, he was part of the Âge Tendre et Têtes de Bois tour, a series of concerts featuring French singers from the 1960s and 1970s.

Roussos staged a comeback in 2009, wherein he recorded his final studio album, Demis, produced by , released on 11 May. On this album Steve Howe's son, Virgil, plays drums.

Just one month before his death, Roussos selected the tracks for an official CD compilation of his life's work, including notes by his two children Emily and Cyril. The CD, Demis Roussos Collected, was released in March 2015. It became a number one album in the Belgian album charts and reached number 61 in the Netherlands.

Michel Elefteriades
Demis Roussos collaborated with Michel Elefteriades on many songs which Elefteriades rearranged in an oriental fusion; the project was called Demis Roussos & the Oriental Roots Orchestra. This project was first presented at the Mediterraneo Byblos Festival in  2001 and shortly after became an international success in the Arab world later being staged again in Egypt and Qatar. Elefteriades also composed, wrote and arranged the song "The Beast" for Roussos and directed the video for it.

1985 TWA plane hijacking
In June 1985, Roussos was among the passengers of TWA Flight 847 from Athens to Rome, which was hijacked, but he was released along with four other Greeks after five days while most of the other hostages remained there for 17 days.

Illness and death

For years, Roussos struggled with his weight. In June 1980 he weighed . He then began a diet in which he lost  in 10 months. In 1982 he co-authored the book A Question of Weight with his close friend, the photographer Veronique Skawinska, in which he dealt candidly with his struggles with obesity.

Roussos died in the morning of 25 January 2015, from stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, and liver cancer while hospitalised at Ygeia Hospital in Athens, Greece. His death was confirmed a day later by a friend, the journalist Nikos Aliagas, who tweeted the news on 26 January 2015 in both Greek and French. His death was also confirmed later on the same day by his daughter, who spoke to Greek and French media.

Fellow Greek singer Nana Mouskouri paid tribute to Roussos on the French radio station RTL, saying "He had a superb voice, he travelled in the world ... he loved what he was doing... He was an artist, a friend. I hope he is in a better world."

Belarusian President at the time Alexander Lukashenko said: "This artist left a bright mark in the world music art and made history as one of the greatest singers, whose extremely emotional manner of singing caught the hearts of listeners all over the world ..."

Roussos' funeral was held at the First Cemetery of Athens, the burial place of many Greek politicians and cultural figures, on 30 January. The singer Mariza Koch said, "His was a voice which awakened emotions in people and honoured Greece wherever it reached. We bid farewell to Demis." Composer Giorgos Hatzinasios commented, "I can still hear his heartfelt laugh in my ears and I want to bid farewell to him with nostalgia and love."

Personal life
Roussos was married three or possibly four times. He had a daughter, Emily, with his first wife, Monique. With his second wife, Dominique, he had a son, Cyril. Both of Roussos' children are musicians. His third wife, the American model Pamela Smith, now Pamela Roussos-Rațiu (wife of the Romanian businessman Indrei Rațiu, married in 2004), was with him during the 1985 TWA plane hijacking incident. His fourth, and last, wife was a Parisian named Marie.

Roussos listed Mozart and Sting among his favourite composers.

In popular culture
Roussos is the subject of an argument between two main characters in the TV adaptation of Mike Leigh's 1977 play Abigail's Party. On the day of Roussos' death, actress Alison Steadman was interviewed by BBC Radio 4's PM and discussed the significance of the music in the play.

On 15 June 2016, his children Emily and Cyril opened the Demis Roussos Museum in Nijkerk, Netherlands. After his death, the curator initiated the procedure to move the museum to Greece.

The Bollywood song "Mehbooba Mehbooba" from the film Sholay is based on Roussos "Say You Love Me". In an interview, its director Ramesh Sippy related attending a Roussos concert in London. His wife asked him to incorporate this song into Sholay'''s music track.

Steve Coogan and Rob Brydon take turns trying to imitate Roussos' falsetto in "Forever and Ever" as they drive through the Greek countryside in the 2020 film, The Trip to Greece.

"Forever and Ever" appears in the soundtrack of the 2020 film Palm Springs.

 Awards and honours
 Asteroid 279226 Demisroussos, discovered by Russian amateur astronomer Timur Krjačko at the Zelenchukskaya Station in 2009, was named in his honor. The official  was published by the Minor Planet Center on 14 May 2014 ().

 Discography

Among Demis Roussos's most famous songs are "We Shall Dance" (released as a single in 1971), "My Reason" (1972), "Goodbye, My Love, Goodbye", "Velvet Mornings", "My Friend the Wind", "Lovely Lady of Arcadia" (1973), "Someday Somewhere" (1974), "My Only Fascination" (1974), "From Souvenirs to Souvenirs" (1975), "Quand je t'aime" (1987), "On écrit sur les murs" (1989).

 Studio albums

 1971: On the Greek Side of My Mind (a.k.a. Fire and Ice)
 1973: Forever and Ever 1974: My Only Fascination 1974: Auf Wiedersehn (in German)
 1975: Souvenirs 1976: Happy to Be... 1976: Die Nacht und der Wein (in German)
 1976: Kyrila – Insel der Träume (in German)
 1977: The Demis Roussos Magic 1977: Ainsi soit-il (in French)
 1978: Demis Roussos 1979: Universum 1980: Man of the World 1982: Demis 1982: Attitudes 1984: Reflection 1985: Senza tempo 1986: Greater Love 1987: The Story of Demis Roussos 1987: Come All Ye Faithful (a.k.a. Glory) (Christmas album)
 1988: Le Grec (in French)
 1988: Time 1989: Voice and Vision 1991: Photo Fixe 1993: Insight (a.k.a. Morning has Broken or Adagio)
 1995: Demis Roussos in Holland 1995: Immortel 1996: Serenade 1997: Mon île (in French)
 2000: Auf meinen Wegen (in German)
 2009: Demis 2016: Demis Roussos complete 28 original albums + DVD Filmography
 1966: Na zi kaneis i na mi zi? –  a singer
 1969: L'homme qui venait du Cher (TV movie)
 2012: A Greek Type of Problem – The Pope
 1982: Tales Of The Future (Movie) Blade Runner'' (vocalist – uncredited)

Notes

References

External links

 Demis Roussos discography at Allmusic
 (IT) Demis Roussos, complete discography demisroussos.org

1946 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Deaths from liver cancer
Deaths from stomach cancer
Greek Orthodox Christians from Egypt
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Greece
English-language singers from Greece
French-language singers
German-language singers
Egyptian people of Greek descent
Greek bass guitarists
Hijacking survivors
Greek rock singers
Greek tenors
Members of the Church of Greece
Musicians from Alexandria
Actors from Alexandria
Greek laïko singers
Progressive rock musicians
20th-century Greek male singers
21st-century Greek male singers
Burials at the First Cemetery of Athens
20th-century guitarists
21st-century guitarists
Barclay Records artists
Mercury Records artists
Philips Records artists
World Music Awards winners
Male bass guitarists
Deaths from cancer in Greece

Demis Roussos


Michaela Collisi (* 18. März 1984 in St. Ingbert) ist eine deutsche Fußballspielerin. Sie spielte als Abwehrspielerin für den Bundesligisten und Zweitligisten 1. FC Saarbrücken und spielt seit der Saison 2014/15 für dessen 2. Mannschaft, 1. FC Saarbrücken II.

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Michaela Collisi


Suillus (Samuel Frederick Gray, 1821) este un gen de ciuperci al încrengăturii Basidiomycota în ordinul Boletales din familia Suillaceae care cuprinde în prezent (2018) 99 de specii, iar în Europa 36. Ea coabitează, fiind un simbiont micoriza, care formează micorize pe rădăcinile arborilor numai pe cele din familia Pinaceae. Genul este distribuit în cea mai mare parte al zonelor temperate din emisfera nordică, deși unele specii au început să colonizeze și cea sudică. Tip de specie este Suillus luteus (turta vacii).

Taxonomie
Suillus este un gen de ciuperci, ca și cel al Boletus, de diversificare mai recentă (între 44 și 34 milioane de ani) din timpul perioadei geologice Eocen, în diferență cu Agaricus (între 178 și 139 milioane de ani).

Genul Suillus a fost definit pentru prima dată de botanistul italian Pier Antonio Micheli (1679-1737) în lucrarea sa Nova plantarum genera din 1729, însă taxonul nu este valabil, deoarece precedă începutul taxonomiei moderne a lui Carl von Linné din anul 1753. De abia botanistul și micologul britanic Samuel Frederick Gray a descris genul corect în primul volum al lucrării sale A Natural Arrangement of British Plants din 1821, determinând soiul Suillus luteus (turta vacii, văcuțe) tip de specie, iar renumitul om de știință suedez Elias Magnus Fries a sancționat folosirea taxonului. Dar tot el a încercat o redenumire acestuia în 1838 sub numele Boletus sect. Viscipellis. Aceasta precum toate alte modificările încercate pot fi neglijate, rămân însă sinonime valabile. Totalitatea sinonimelor poate fi verificată pe pagina Mycobank.

Sistematică

Există opinii diferite cu privire la conceptul genului Suillus. În cadrul genului, se împarte într-un număr de secțiuni, a căror independență se bazează, printre altele, pe legături specifice micoriza a clanurilor respective. Prezența diferitelor grupări în cadrul Suillus este susținută și de alte analize. Astfel, examinările cariogramice au arătat existența diferitelor niveluri de ploidie (indică set/seturi întreg/întregi de cromozomi) în acest gen. O prelucrare detaliată chimică a pigmenților a evidențiat cel puțin trei tipuri diferite de pigmentare, în linia ascendentă de dezvoltare, desemnate Tip A: specii fără grevillină (un colorant de importanță pentru genul Suillus), dar cu acizi pulvini (C18H12O5); Tip B: specii cu grevillină A, B și C) și tip C: specii în plus cu grevillină D. În cadrul ordinului Boletales, Suillus se află în familia Suillaceae și subordinul Suilloideae (după Singer 1986), în relație aparent apropiată de familiile de genul Boletinus și Gastrosuillus. Împreună cu familiile Rhizopogonaceae Fr. & Nordholm (1817), cu gastro-genul Rhizopogon Fr. & Nordholm (1817) și Gomphidiaceae Fr. (1836), precum cu genurile lamelare Chroogomphus (Singer) O.K.Mill. (1964) și Gomphidius (Schaeff.) Fr.(1838), a fost transferat în subcategoria Suillineae (1997). Acest grup este bazat de analiza chimică a pigmenților, parțial, de asemenea, de datele moleculare.(rezumat în H. Besl & a. Bresinsky 1997). În plus, rezultatele studiilor micorizale sunt de asemenea semnificative.

O discuție dusă de ani de zile, dar în principiu încă nefinalizată, se referă la relațiile dintre genurile Suillus și Boletinus. Privind relația strânsă între acești doi taxoni, nu există nicio controversă, însă poziția Boletinus ca gen independent este neclară. Ușor generalizat, se pot distinge două modele diferite cu privire la relația de familie dintre Suillus și Boletinus: Reprezentanții direcției practicate în Statele Unite îl văd pe Boletinus ca parte al genului Suillus, iar direcția europeană acceptă pe Boletinus ca gen independent, susținuți de constatările chemi-taxonomice, fără îndoială importante. Astfel, bureții arată alături de ingrediente comune de asemenea câteva specific proprii.

O problemă oarecum neglijată se referă la poziția lui Suillus bovinus în cadrul genului Suillus. Bazându-se pe constatările referitoare la suprafața tramei himenoforului și piciorului, Josef Šutara a propus pentru această specie genul monotip Mariaella sutara. Acest concept este susținut parțial de pigmentare, prin faptul că metil-bovinatul (o dezvoltare specială între derivații acidului pulvin) găsit în Suillus bovinus nu apare nicăieri altundeva în specii ale genului Suillus.

Cunoștințele despre genul Suillus și mediul lui familiar se bazează pe o serie de trăsături distincte, unde aspectele morfologice și anatomice sunt la fel de importante ca informația privind ecologia sau chimia pigmentară. Pornind de la echipa de lucru din jurul lui T. D. Brun (SUA), și datele moleculare (ADN) au devenit din ce în ce mai disponibile în ultimul timp.

Creșterea miceliului: Pentru speciile  Suillus incluse în studiu, rata de creștere a miceliului au fost precizate. Cu două excepții (Suillus cavipes, Suillus spraguei), creșterea în mediul cu vitamine a fost mai bună decât în modificatul mediu "Moser b". În comparație cu alți reprezentanți din ordinul Boletales, speciile Suillus se caracterizează printr-o creștere destul de rapidă a culturii. Pentru toate speciile, diametrul coloniei a fost determinat după o perioadă de incubație de două săptămâni. Aceasta a dus la o diviziune în patru grupuri de creștere diferite: o creștere de aproximativ 5 cm pentru Suillus cavipes și Suillus spraguei sin. Suillus pictus (precum pentru Rhizopogon luteolus), o creștere de aproximativ 3,5 cm pentru Suillus americanus, Suillus brevipes, Suillus luteus, Suillus tomentosus, Suillus tridentinus și Suillus variegatus, o creștere de aproximativ 2 cm pentru Suillus granulatus și Suillus viscidus și o creștere de aproximativ 1,5 cm pentru Suillus bovinus, Suillus cothurnatus și Suillus grevillei. Triburi de soi identic au crescut în mod substanțial similar. Boletus edulis a fost caracterizat de o creștere extrem de lentă, coloniile având un diametru mai mic de 1 cm după două săptămâni. Nici o creștere nu a putut fi obținută pentru genurile Chroogomphus și Gomphidius. Nu au fost incluse datele privind rata de creștere a culturilor miceliene.

Descriere

 Pălăria: Ea este nu prea cărnoasă, moale, de dimensiune medie, cu  un diametru de 6-12 cm, inițial semisferică, apoi convexă, în sfârșit aplatizată și nu rar adâncită, fără gurgui central. În tinerețe atârnă rămășite ale vălului parțial la margine. Cuticula este într-adevăr aproape mereu umedă, la umezeală precum în vârsta lipicioasă și cleioasă, dar se poate desprinde ușor de pălărie. Puține specii au o piele uscată, catifelată până pâsloasă (de exemplu Suillus cavipes  sau Suillus variegatus). Culoarea variază de la alb până la brun, cu multe nuanțe.
 Tuburile și porii: Sporiferele sunt fine, de regulă de aceeași culoare cu porii care sunt de mărime variabilă, adesea compuși. Sporii sunt netezi și fusiform-elipsoidali. Coloritul pulberii lor poate să fie albicios, galben, rozaliu, maro-gălbui, maro murdar sau chiar maro- măsliniu.
 Piciorul: El este cilindric, atașat central la picior, fiind ori uscat, ori cleios ca pălăria, atunci în special în jurul zonei inelare. Prezintă adesea un inel, rest al vălului parțial, care este la diverse specii foarte semnificativ (de exemplu la Suillus luteus). Câteodată arată doar  punctulețe glandulare, datorită cistoidelor dispuse în  mănunchiuri (de exemplu la Suillus granulatus).
 Carnea: Ea este moale, de un miros plăcut, gustul fiind la cele mai multe soiuri savuros, dar în nici un caz astfel de excelent ca cel al hribilor. Unele specii sunt ceva piperate (de exemplu Suillus piperatus). Toate speciile ale genului sunt mai mult sau mai puțin comestibile.

Specii europene (selecție)
În Mycobank precum în Index Fungorum sunt listate 99 de specii dintre care numai 36 (20 confirmare, 16 anticipate) se dezvoltă în Europa:

Imagini de specii europene

Note

Bibliografie
 Rose Marie și Sabine Maria Dähncke: "700 Pilze in Farbfotos", Editura AT Verlag, Aarau - Stuttgart 1979 și 1980, ISBN 3-85502-0450
 Jean-Louis Lamaison & Jean-Marie Polese: "Der große Pilzatlas", Editura Tandem Verlag GmbH, Potsdam 2012, ISBN 978-3-8427-0483-1
 J. E. și M. Lange: "BLV Bestimmungsbuch - Pilze", Editura BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Berna Viena 1977, ISBN 3-405-11568-2
 Till E. Lohmeyer & Ute Künkele: "Pilze – bestimmen und sammeln", Editura Parragon Books Ltd., Bath 2014, ISBN 978-1-4454-8404-4
 Meinhard Michael Moser: "Röhrlinge und Blätterpilze - Kleine Kryptogamenflora Mitteleuropas", ediția a 5-ea, vol. 2, Editura Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart 1983

Legături externe

Suillus
Micoriză
Ciuperci comestibile
1821 în știință

Suillus


Maracija (Marattia), rod papratnjača, vazdazelenih trajnica iz porodice Marattiaceae. Sastoji se od šest priznatih vrsta raširenih po Novom svijetu, točnije, po tropskoj Srednjoj i Južnoj Americi, Karibima i Havajima.

Sporangije su spojene u sinangij, a spore su monoletne (u obliku graha).

Vrste
 Marattia alata  Sw.
 Marattia douglasii (C.Presl) Baker
 Marattia excavata Underw.
 Marattia interposita Christ
 Marattia laxa Kunze
 Marattia weinmanniifolia Liebm.

Sinonimi
 Gymnotheca C.Presl
 Discostegia C.Presl
 Stibasia C.Presl
 Celanthera Thouin
 Mesocarpus Rosenst.
 Mesosorus Rosenst.
 Myriotheca Comm., Juss.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Marattiopsida

Maracija


Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer FRS FRSE FRCP (2 June 1850 – 29 March 1935) was a British physiologist.

He is regarded as a founder of endocrinology: in 1894 he discovered and demonstrated the existence of adrenaline together with George Oliver, and he also coined the term "endocrine" for the secretions of the ductless glands. Schafer's method of artificial respiration is named after him.

Schafer coined the word "insulin" after theorising that absence of a single substance normally produced by the pancreas was responsible for diabetes mellitus.

Biography

He was born Edward Albert Schäfer, in Hornsey in London, the third son of Jessie Brown and James William Henry Schäfer, a merchant born in Hamburg, who had come to England as a young man, and was a naturalised citizen. His mother was English. The family lived in Highgate in north-west London.

Edward was educated at Clewer House School. From 1868 he studied medicine at University College London, where he was taught by the eminent physiologist William Sharpey. He became the first Sharpey Scholar in 1873.

In 1877 Sharpey-Schafer reported to the Royal Society his discovery in jellyfish of what eventually came to be dubbed the nerve synapse; the Royal Society was skeptical of the unconventional notion of such spaces separating individual neurons, and asked him to withdraw his report. In 1888, in Spain, Santiago Ramón y Cajal, having used the Italian scientist Camillo Golgi's technique for staining nerve cells, published his discovery of the nerve synapse, which in 1889 finally gained acceptance and won Ramón y Cajal recognition as a, alohgside Golgi – many say, the – "founder of modern neuroscience".

Sharpey-Schafer was appointed Assistant Professor of Practical Physiology in 1874 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1878 when he was 28 years old. He was Fullerian Professor at the Royal Institution and became Jodrell Professor at UCL in 1883, a position he held until 1899 when he was appointed to the chair of physiology at the University of Edinburgh (replacing the late William Rutherford) where he remained until his retirement in 1933 and becoming Emeritus Professor thereafter. His chair was filled by Prof Ivan De Burgh Daly.

In 1900 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir William Turner, Alexander Crum Brown, Sir John Murray, and Alexander Buchan. He served as the Society's Vice President from 1913 to 1917 and as President 1929 to 1934. He won the Society's Neill Prize for 1919 to 1921.

In 1902 he commissioned the Scottish architect Robert Lorimer to design Marly Knowe, a substantial Arts and Crafts villa in the coastal town of North Berwick, east of Edinburgh.

Schafer was a founding member of the Physiological Society and from 1908 until 1933 edited the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology. He was the recipient of many honorary degrees and prestigious medals both at home and abroad, including the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh. His book on the Essentials of Histology ran to 16 editions between 1885 and 1954. He introduced suprarenal extract (containing adrenaline as well as other active substances) into medicine. Schafer became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1878, was president of the British Science Association in 1911–1912, was president of the British Medical Association in 1912.

He was knighted by King George V in 1913.

He died at home in North Berwick on 29 March 1935.

Family

He was married twice, firstly in 1878 to Maud Dixey and after her death in 1896, in 1900 he married Ethel Maud Roberts. There were four children by his first marriage, however, he outlived three of them: his eldest daughter died in 1905 and both his sons died in action in World War I.

Following the death of his eldest son, John Sharpey Schafer, the name of  'Sharpey', which had been given as a middle name, was hyphenated to Schafer, becoming thereafter (from 1918) Sharpey-Schafer. This was both in memory of his son, and also to perpetuate the name of his teacher, William Sharpey.

His grandson, Edward Peter Sharpey-Schafer, was Professor of Medicine at St Thomas' Hospital, London from 1948 until his death in 1963.

His sister married James Cossar Ewart.

Students

His students included James Davidson Stuart Cameron and Alexander Murray Drennan.

Works
Besides valuable papers on muscular structure, on the chemistry of blood proteids, on absorption, and on the rhythm of voluntary contraction, he wrote:
 A Course of Practical Histology (1877)
 Essentials of Histology (1885; sixth edition, 1902)
 Advanced Text-Book of Physiology by British Physiologists (1898)
 Experimental Physiology (1910)

He edited Quain's Elements of Anatomy (with G. D. Thane, 8th, 9th, and 10th editions).

Terms
 Schaefer's method — (artificial respiration) – Patient prone with forehead on one of his arms:  straddle across patient with knees on either side of his hips, and press with both hands firmly upon the back over the lower ribs;  then raise your body slowly, at the same time relaxing the pressure with your hands.  Repeat this forward and backward movement about every five seconds.
Dorland's Medical Dictionary (1938)

References

Further reading

 Sykes, Alan H.: "Sharpey's Men" in Sharpey's fibres : the life of William Sharpey, the father of modern physiology in England, page 132-135.  York : William Sessions, 2001.

External links
 "Sharpey-Schafer, Sir Edward Albert" from Encyclopædia Britannica
 Fullerian Professorships

1850 births
1935 deaths
Academics of University College London
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Alumni of University College London
English people of German descent
English physiologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fullerian Professors of Physiology
People associated with East Lothian
People from Hornsey
Presidents of the British Science Association
Presidents of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Royal Medal winners
Recipients of the Copley Medal
Presidents of the British Medical Association
Jodrell Professors of Physiology

Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer


Kosmos 2422, ruski satelit sustava ranog upozorenja o raketnom napadu, iz programa Kosmos. Vrste je US-K (Oko br. 6068).

Lansiran je 21. srpnja 2006. godine u 4:20 s kozmodroma Pljesecka s mjesta 16/2. Lansiran je u visoku orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Molnijom-M 8K78M. Orbita mu je 584 km u perigeju i 39780 km u apogeju. Orbitne inklinacije je 62,90°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 29260. COSPARova oznaka je 2006-030-A. Zemlju obilazi u 717,96 minuta.

Iz misije je ostalo ostalo nekoliko dijelova od više stupnjeva rakete: blok ML je ostao u orbiti, a ulažni motor i još neki dijelovi vratili su se u atmosferu.

Izvori
А.Железняков. Энциклопедия "Космонавтика". Хроника освоения космоса. (rus.)
Heavens-above (engl.)
NASA (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)
N2YO Satellite Database - Tehnical Details - Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions (engl.)
Gunter's Space Page US-K (73D6) (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database (engl.)
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)
Kunstman  Satellites in Orbit (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 2422


Crépon () is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

Population

Architecture
Historic architecture :
 Parish church, Saint-Médard-et-Saint-Gildard, 12th-14th century
 Ferme de la Rançonnière (13th ‑ 15th) ;
 Manoir de Verdin (18th) ;
 Manoir du Clos de Mondeville (16th ‑ X19th) ;
 Manoir du Clos de Lhérondelle (17th) ;
 Manoir de la Grande Ferme (X17th) ;
 Manoir de Mathan (1st half of 17th - 1st half of 18th)
 Ferme du Colombier (18th - 1st quarter 19th) ;
 Manoir de la Baronnie et Ferme de la Baronnie (16th  ‑ 19th) ;
 Ferme des Fontaines (1st half 18th).

See also
Communes of the Calvados department

References

External links

Ferme de la Rançonnière in Calvados
Manoir de Mathan in Low Normandy

Communes of Calvados (department)
Calvados communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia

Crépon


Filippinernes kvindefodboldlandshold er kvindernes fodboldlandshold i Filippinerne. Holdet styres af Filippinernes fodboldforbund.

Aktuel trup
Datoer for kampe: 15–24. august 2017
Modstandere: Malaysia, Vietnam, Myanmar, og Thailand.
Turnering: De sydøstasiasiske lege 2017

* Nylige indkald

Landsholdstrænere
  Edward Magallona (1981)
  Orlando Plagata (1985)
  Antonio Morales (1988)
  Marlon Maro (2001–2007)
  Hans Smit (2008)
  Joel Villarino (2008–2009)
  Ernest Nierras (2011–2013)
  Buda Bautista (2015–2017)
  Marnelli Dimzon (2017–)

Referencer

Kvindefodboldlandshold
Kvindefodboldlandshold

Filippinernes kvindefodboldlandshold


Ruxandra Zenide () este o regizoare, scenaristă și producătoare de film româno-elvețiană.

Biografie

Ruxandra Zenide s-a născut în 1975 la București și a emigrat împreună cu familia sa în Elveția.

Ruxandra Zenide a studiat regia de film la New York University din Statele Unite și FAMU Praga (Republica Cehă). Regizoarea româno-elvețiană a absolvit un masterat în afaceri internaționale (Master's Degree in International Affairs) la Institut Universitaire des Hautes Etudes Internationales (cunoscut și prin acronimul IUHEI) din Geneva. Este, de asemenea, unii din fondatorii companiei de producției Elefant Films.

Debutul său de lung metraj, Ryna (2005), care a fost bine primit și apreciat, fiind distribuit internațional în săli de cinema în Elveția, Germania, România și Statele Unite a continuat tradiția filmelor sale anterioare de scurt metraj și metraj mediu, Împușcă-mă (titlul original, Shoot Me), Golul (titlul original, Hole), Camera de așteptare (titlul original, The Waiting Room), Praf (titlul original, Dust) și Green Oaks (titlul original, Stejarii verzi).

Filmografie

Regizoare de lungmetraje
 2005 — Ryna
 2015 — Miracolul din Tekir (titlu în engleză, The Miracle of Tekir)
 2013 — Cosmetica fericii (titlu în franceză, La cosmétique du bonheur)

Regizoare de scurtmetraje
 1999 — Împușcă-mă (titlul original,Shoot Me)
 1999 — Golul sau Gaura (titlul original, Hole)
 2001 — Camera de așteptare (titlul original, The Waiting Room)
 2002 — Praf ((titlul original, Dust)
 2003 — metraj mediu, Stejarii verzi ((titlul original, Green Oaks)

Regizoare de filme documentare
 2009 — Cinemaguerilla

Designer de costume
 2005 — Le tramway d'Andréa

Scenaristă de film
 2002 - Praf (Dust)
 2003 - Stejarii verzi (Green Oaks)
 2015 - Miracolul din Tekir (The Miracle of Tekir)

Producătoare
 2005 — Ryna – producător asociat

Note

Legături externe
 Interviu cu Ruxandra Zenide despre Miracolul din Tekir
 Filme regizate de Ruxandra Zenide
 FestivalScope

Nașteri în 1975
Bucureșteni
Producători de film elvețieni
Producători de film români
Regizori de film elvețieni
Regizori de film români
Scenariști elvețieni
Scenariști români

Ruxandra Zenide


بئر سماح هي بئر مشهورة بعذوبة وغزارة مياهها المعدنية التي تتفوق على مياه بئر فيشى المشهورة في فرنسا، وحاليا تقوم حولها حديقة سماح الواقعة في قلب مدينة حائل حيث تمركزت المدينة في نموها حول هذه البئر ، التي يعود تاريخها إلى عهد الأمير محمد العبد الله الرشيد وقد اقترح الحفر في هذا الموقع رجل يقال له دغيمان الهمزاني بعد أن تم حفر بئر سميح المجاورة؛ التي خيبت الظن من حيث غزارة الماء وعذوبته. ودغيمان هذا من أبناء آل همزان المعروفين وخاصة فخذ آل عواد بموهبة التفرس بمعرفة طبيعة الماء في باطن الأرض ، من حيث وفرته وعذوبته وعمقه ومدى وعورة الأرض وصعوبات الحفر .. الخ ؛ وذلك من خلال النظر المجرد ، وبالتالي يمكن تحديد الأماكن المناسبة للزراعة وحفر الآبار المهمة تبعا لشح المياه في بيئة شبه الجزيرة العربية الصحراوية ، وفي نجد يسمى الشخص المتميز بهذه الموهبة السايوس أوالصانوت وفي جنوب السعودية يسمونه المرزم وقد ذكر الكاتب الأستاذ عبد الله نور في مقال نشره في مجلة اليمامة : تحت عنوان ((عرق أسكر)) أن هذه المهارة التي يتميز بها بعض الأشخاص الموهوبين من آل همزان يسمونها العرب قديما فراسة الريافة ..وأنها علم يعتمد على حقائق وشواهد واستقراءات واقعية يمكن تعلمها مطالبا بإيجاد معاهد أو ما شابه ذلك لتعليم مثل هذه المهارات والمحافظة علسها من الاندثار.. وتجدر الإشارة إلى أن خصائص البيئة الطبيعية لدى آل همزان هي التي ساعدتهم على وجود هذه الموهبة والتفرس في اكتشاف المعطيات ذات الدلالات التي يمكن الوثوق بها ، لكونهم يعيشوت في قمة هضبة جبلية عالية لا تزال تحتفظ بخصائصها التكوينية حيث لم تنسلخ تماما نتيجة انجرافات العصر الجليدي فلا تزال واضحة المعالم بحيث يمكن التفرس بطبيعتها ، وتستند هذه المهارة على قوة الربط التكاملي بين عناصر ثلاثة هي الجيولوجيا والهدرولوجيا والفيزيا ، وذلك من خلال منظور جيوهدروفيزيقي..

مراجع

آبار السعودية

بئر سماح


An Lepanthes spruceana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni L.Jost ngan Carlyle August Luer. An Lepanthes spruceana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Lepanthes, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Ecuador. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Lepanthes

Lepanthes spruceana


Abşalom, Tanah'a göre Davut'un oğlu.

Öz kız kardeşi Tamar'a tecavüz eden üvey kardeşi Amnon'u öldürmüştür. Babasına karşı düşmanlarıyla birleşerek ayaklanan Abşalom, savaşta yenilip, kaçmaya çalışırken uzun saçları bir ağaca takılmış ve Davut'un ordusuna komuta eden Yoab tarafından öldürülmüştür.

Kaynakça

Kudüs tarihi
Samuel kitapları
İdam edilmiş askerler
İsyancılar
Doğum tarihi bilinmeyenler
Ölüm tarihi bilinmeyenler

Abşalom


Der Watendlath Beck ist ein kleiner Fluss im Lake District in der englischen Grafschaft Cumbria.

Der Watendlath Beck hat seinen Ursprung im Watendlath Tarn, dessen einziger Abfluss er ist. Der Fluss fließt in nördlicher Richtung und kurz vor seiner Mündung in das südliche Ende des Derwent Water stürzt er über die Lodore Falls.

Weblinks

Lake District

Watendlath Beck


An Pseudosclerochloa rupestris in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni William Withering, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Nikolai Nikolaievich Tzvelev. An Pseudosclerochloa rupestris in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pseudosclerochloa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pseudosclerochloa

Pseudosclerochloa rupestris


Oceanovih sedam (eng. Oceans Seven) je izazov u daljinskom plivanju koji se sastoji od preplivavanja sedam prijelaza na otvorenom moru ili sedam plivačkih maratona. Zamišljen je 2008. godine kao pandan planinarskom izazovu Sedam vrhova.

Uključuje Sjeverni kanal između Irske i Velike Britanije, La Manche između Velike Britanije i Francuske, Gibraltarska vrata između Španjolske i  Afrike, Cookov prolaz između Južnog otoka i Sjevernog otoka na Novom Zelandu, prolaz Tsugaru u Japanu, prolaz Molokaʻi na Havajima i prolaz Catalina u Kaliforniji.

Sedam prolaza

 Sjeverni kanal između Irske i Velike Britanije
 La Manche između Velike Britanije i Francuske
 Gibraltarska vrata između Španjolske i  Afrike
 Cookov prolaz između Južnog otoka i Sjevernog otoka na Novom Zelandu
 Prolaz Tsugaru u Japanu
 Prolaz Molokaʻi na Havajima
 Prolaz Catalina u Kaliforniji

Popis uspješno završenih

Hrvati u Oceanovih sedam

Splitska plivačica Dina Levačić je do kolovoza 2019. godine preplivala četiri od sedam plivačkih maratona: prolaz Catalina u Kaliforniji, La Manche u Europi, Molokaʻi na Havajima i Tsugaru u Japanu, a 14. ožujka 2023. preplivala je i poslijednji 7. maraton - Cookov prolaz, te postala najmađa žena koja je preplivala Oceanovih sedam.

Izvori

Unutarnje poveznice

 Sedam vrhova, pandan u planinarstvu
 Dina Levačić

Vanjske poveznice

 Oceans Seven

Plivački maratoni

Oceanovih sedam


Affirm Films é uma empresa de produção cinematográfica de filmes relacionados com o cristianismo evangélico. A sede está localizada em Culver City, nos Estados Unidos.

História
A empresa foi fundada em 2007 pela Sony Pictures.  Ela produziu filmes como Soul Surfer, Miracles from Heaven e Mais que Vencedores. Em novembro de 2020, ela comprou o serviço de streaming de vídeo Pure Flix.

Ligações externas
 Sítio Oficial

Empresas fundadas em 2007
Empresas de produção cinematográfica dos Estados Unidos
Empresas produtoras cristãs evangélicas
Sony Pictures Entertainment

Affirm Films


විද්‍යා ප්‍රබන්ධ රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලාවක් වන ද එක්ස්-ෆයිල්ස්හි පළමු කථාවාරය ෆොක්ස් ජාලය ඔස්සේ 1993 සැප්තැම්බර් 10 සිට එක්සත් ජනපදය තුළ විකාශය ඇරඹි අතර සියලු කථාංග 24ම විකාශය කිරීමෙන් අනතුරුව 1994 මැයි 13 දින එය විකාශය අවසන් විය.

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

ග්‍රන්ථාවලිය

බාහිර සබැඳි

1993 ඇමරිකානු රූපවාහිනී කථාවාර
1994 ඇමරිකානු රූපවාහිනී කථාවාර

ද එක්ස්-ෆයිල්ස් (වාරය 1)


An Gongora ilense in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Mark Whitten ngan Rudolph Jenny. An Gongora ilense in nahilalakip ha genus nga Gongora, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Ecuador. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Gongora

Gongora ilense


Happy Day  es un cortometraje de 2003, dirigido por Abdeslam Kelai.

Sinopsis
Said, un niño de siete años, es obligado por la miseria de su familia a trabajar como limpiabotas. Durante su primer día de trabajo, será maltratado, humillado, golpeado y víctima de diferentes formas de agresión. Terminará transformando su caja del betún, destrozada por una banda de niños de la calle, en una barquilla que pondrá a flotar en el océano. ¡Es la historia de miles de niños víctimas de la explotación y de la violencia.

Referencias

 Happy Day

Happy Day


Alectis je rod riba iz porodice Carangidae koji sadrži tri postojeće vrste, sve velike morske ribe. Općenito su poznati kao pompani, iako nemaju bliske veze s rodom Trachinotus koji se također nazivaju pompani.

Taksonomija
Alectis je jedan od 33 roda iz obitelji Carangidae. Carangidae su zrakoperke s rebrastim perajama iz reda Carangiformes.

Prva riba iz roda koja je opisana bila je Alectis ciliaris pod imenom roda Zeus, dio obitelji dorija. Lacépède je prepoznao da vrsta nije dorija i dodijelio ju je novom rodu, Gallus, međutim, to je ime već bilo zauzeto s rodom ptica. Godine 1815. Rafinesque je u malo poznatoj publikaciji predložio ime Alectis. Georges Cuvier koristio je drugo generičko ime, Scyris, za rod 1829. godine, ali je ime Alectis ponovno otkrio James Douglas Ogilby 1913. godine, pa je to postalo ime roda, zbog principa prioriteta. Ime Alectis izvedeno je iz jedne od tri erinije u grčkoj mitologiji; kći aherontova sa strašnim bijesom.

Jedna je vrsta iz fosilnog zapisa prepoznata da pripada rodu - Alectis simus (Stinton, 1979), iz razdoblja eocena u Engleskoj. Pronađen je uz niz izumrlih i postojećih rodova karangida, uključujući Caranx i Usacaranx (izumrli).

Vrste
U ovom su rodu trenutno priznate tri vrste:

 Alectis alexandrina (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817.) (aleksandrijski pompano)
 Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787.) (afrički pompano)
 Alectis indica ( Ruppell, 1830.)

Biologija
Ribe iz roda su velike, jake ribe koje izgledaju vrlo slično brojnim drugim velikim ribama iz roda Carangidae, s glavnom razlikom u profilu glave i karakterističnim dugim filamentnim analnim i leđnim perajama koje pokazuje mlađ ovih vrsta. Općenito su srebrne boje, s blijedozelenim do hijalinskim perajama. A. indica je najveća iz roda, naraste na 165 cm i 25 kg težine.

Rod ima cirkum-tropsku rasprostranjenost, a odrasli su uglavnom ograničeni na grebena u obalnim područjima do 100 m, dok je mlađ često pelagična. Sva tri vrste su grabežljivci malih riba, glavonožaca i rakova. Malo je poznato o njihovim reproduktivnim navikama i fazama ličinki, dok se mrijest događa među parovima tijekom dnevnog svjetla.

Ekonomska važnost
Rod je od manjeg značaja za komercijalno ribarstvo, s obzirom na to da vrste uglavnom nisu dovoljno brojne da opravdavaju ribolov. Meso roda općenito se smatra vrlo dobrim u kulinarske svrhe, iako je barem jedna vrsta umiješana u slučaj trovanja ciguaterom . U Singapuru se A. indica se uspješno uzgaja u akvakulturi za proizvodnju hrane u relativno malom broju. Mlađ se povremeno koristi u morskim akvarijima, a zapažena je po svojim filamentnim analnim i leđnim perajama.

Izvori

Bitnice

Alectis


Jonas Umbach, né vers 1624 à Augsbourg et mort le  dans la même ville, est un peintre, dessinateur et graveur à l'eau-forte allemand.

Biographie
Jonas Umbach naît vers 1624 à Augsbourg. Il se rend en Italie vers 1648 ; à son retour, il peint beaucoup pour l'évêque d'Augsbourg et pour le monastère bénédictin de la ville.

Jonas Umbach meurt le  à Augsbourg.

Œuvre

L'œuvre de Jonas Umbach est peu connu aujourd'hui, mais il jouissait d'une réputation considérable de son vivant.
Il a réalisé de nombreux paysages avec du bétail, ainsi que des pièces de cuisine, du gibier à plumes et quelques sujets historiques en clair-obscur. Il a également gravé 230 planches de scènes et de paysages bibliques, historiques et mythologiques.

 Rivière dans une forêt, Washington, National Gallery of Art
 Le Christ au Mont des Oliviers
 Cortèges d'Enfants et de Néréides
 Deux Tireurs de canard à l'affût
 Paysages avec ruines
 Bacchanales et sports infantiles
 Le Bon Samaritin
 Cimon nourri par sa fille
 Jeux d'enfants
 Une Vierge tenant l'Enfant-Jésus
 Une Sainte Famille
 Sainte Madeleine pénitente
 Saint Pierre pleurant ses péchés
 Un satyre, une femme et trois enfants
 Quatre jolis paysages ornés de figures et de monuments antiques, datés de 1678

Homonyme
Il existe un Jonas Umbach plus jeune, mais il n'y a aucun détail le concernant, sauf qu'il dessine des portraits.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Date de naissance incertaine (XVIIe siècle)
Naissance à Augsbourg
Décès en avril 1693
Décès à Augsbourg
Designer allemand
Peintre allemand du XVIIe siècle
Graveur allemand du XVIIe siècle
Aquafortiste allemand

Jonas Umbach


Harout Sassounian (), né en 1950 à Alep, est un écrivain, éditorialiste et militant arméno-américain. Il dirige le journal communautaire The California Courier, dans lequel il publie un éditorial.

Biographie
Harout Sassounian naît en 1950 à Alep.

Il obtient un master en international affairs à l'Université Columbia puis un MBA à l'Université Pepperdine.

Entre 1978 et 1982, il travaille au sein du département de marketing international genevois de l'entreprise Procter & Gamble.

Il a été président de l'United Armenian Fund et vice-président de la Lincy Foundation fondée par l'homme d'affaires Kirk Kerkorian. En 1983, il reprend le journal de la communauté arménienne de Californie The California Courier. Il travaille également pour le Ministère arménien de la diaspora et est l'un des membres du comité dirigeant de l'ANCA (Armenian National Committee of America).

En 2007, il réclame la démission de Madeleine Albright et de William Cohen de la « Genocide Prevention Task Force » du fait de leur opposition à la reconnaissance du génocide arménien par les États-Unis.

Récompenses
 2008 : Ellis Island Medal of Honor
 2009 : Legacy Award par l'ANCA (Armenian National Committee of America)
 2016 : Prix du Stylo d'or par l'Union des journalistes d'Arménie

Publications

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en 1950
Naissance à Alep
Journaliste américain du XXe siècle
Journaliste américain du XXIe siècle
Journaliste arménien du XXe siècle
Journaliste arménien du XXIe siècle
Étudiant de l'université Columbia
Étudiant de l'université Pepperdine

Harout Sassounian


Die UEFA Europa League 2013/14 war die 43. Auflage des zweitwichtigsten Wettbewerbs für europäische Fußballvereine, der bis zur Saison 2008/09 unter der Bezeichnung UEFA-Pokal stattfand. Am Wettbewerb nahmen in dieser Saison wieder 194 Klubs aus allen 53 Landesverbänden der UEFA teil.

Die Saison begann mit den Hinspielen der ersten Qualifikationsrunde am 2. Juli 2013 und endete mit dem Finale am 14. Mai 2014 im Turiner Juventus Stadium, der Heimstätte von Juventus Turin. Dort gewann der FC Sevilla gegen Benfica Lissabon durch ein 0:0 nach Verlängerung und 4:2 im Elfmeterschießen zum dritten Mal die Europa League.

Mit dem FC Sevilla gewann ein Verein den Wettbewerb, der sich für diesen sportlich gar nicht qualifiziert hatte und als Tabellenneunter der Primera División 2012/13 nur aufgrund der Nichtzulassung der vor ihm platzierten Vereine FC Málaga (Verstoß gegen die Financial-Fairplay-Regel) und Rayo Vallecano (keine UEFA-Lizenz) in den Wettbewerb nachgerückt war.

Der FC Sevilla qualifizierte sich durch diesen Sieg für den UEFA Super Cup 2014.

Qualifikation

1. Qualifikationsrunde
 Auslosung: am 24. Juni 2013 in Nyon
 Hinspiele: vom 2. bis 4. Juli 2013
 Rückspiele: vom 9. bis 11. Juli 2013
 Teilnehmer: 76 Mannschaften, darunter waren drei Fairplay-Qualifikanten:
  (Sieger der Fair-Play-Wertung)
  (Zweiter)
  (Dritter)

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2. Qualifikationsrunde
 Auslosung: am 24. Juni 2013 in Nyon
 Hinspiele: am 18. Juli 2013
 Rückspiele: am 25. Juli 2013
 Teilnahme: 80 Mannschaften, darunter die 38 Siegerteams der ersten Qualifikationsrunde

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3. Qualifikationsrunde
 Auslosung: 19. Juli 2013 in Nyon
 Hinspiele: 1. August 2013
 Rückspiele: 8. August 2013
 Teilnahme: 58 Mannschaften, darunter die 40 Siegerteams der zweiten Qualifikationsrunde

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Play-offs
 Auslosung: 9. August 2013 in Nyon
 Hinspiele: 22. August 2013
 Rückspiele: 29. August 2013

Die letzte Qualifikationsrunde wird aufgrund der zentralen Vermarktung "Play-off" genannt. In dieser Runde stießen die unterlegenen Mannschaften der 3. Qualifikationsrunde der UEFA Champions League 2013/14 hinzu.

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Gruppenphase
Wie im Vorjahr waren neben dem Titelverteidiger auch die Pokalsieger der Verbände 1–6 der UEFA-Fünfjahreswertung automatisch für die Gruppenphase qualifiziert. Da der Platz für den Titelverteidiger durch die Doppelqualifikation vom FC Chelsea nicht benötigt wurde, rückte der Drittplatzierte auf Rang 7 (Anschi Machatschkala) – der russische Pokalsieger ZSKA Moskau qualifizierte sich für die Champions League – in die Gruppenphase. An der Gruppenphase nehmen 48 Teams aus 27 Landesverbänden teil, 7 Teams waren direkt qualifiziert, dazu kamen zehn unterlegene Vereine aus der Champions-League-Qualifikation. Weitere 29 Plätze wurden in den Europa-League-Qualifikationsrunden ermittelt.

Fenerbahçe Istanbul sowie Beşiktaş Istanbul, die vorläufig am Qualifikationswettbewerb teilgenommen haben, scheiterten jeweils mit ihrem Einspruch vor dem Internationalen Sportgerichtshof. Beşiktaş Istanbul wurde durch deren Gegner in den Play-offs, Tromsø IL, ersetzt, während die Ersatzmannschaft für Fenerbahçe Istanbul durch Losentscheid unter den 29 übrigen Verlierern der Play-off-Runde ermittelt wurde. Das Los fiel auf APOEL Nikosia.

Die Gruppensieger und -zweiten qualifizierten sich für das Sechzehntelfinale, die Dritt- und Viertplatzierten schieden aus dem Wettbewerb aus. Bei Punktgleichheit zweier oder mehrerer Mannschaften nach den Gruppenspielen wurde die Platzierung durch folgende Kriterien ermittelt:
 Anzahl Punkte im direkten Vergleich
 Tordifferenz im direkten Vergleich
 Anzahl Tore im direkten Vergleich
 Anzahl Auswärtstore im direkten Vergleich
 Wenn nach Anwenden der Kriterien 1–4 zwei oder mehr Mannschaften immer noch den gleichen Tabellenplatz belegen, werden für diese Teams die Kriterien 1–4 erneut angewendet. Sollte dies zu keiner definitiven Platzierung führen, werden die Kriterien 6–8 angewendet.
 Tordifferenz aus allen Gruppenspielen
 höhere Anzahl erzielter Tore
 Klub-Koeffizienten

Die 48 für die Gruppenphase qualifizierten Mannschaften wurden anhand ihres Klub-Koeffizienten (KK) auf vier Lostöpfe zu je 12 Teams aufgeteilt, und aus jedem Lostopf eine Mannschaft in eine der 12 Gruppen (A bis L) gelost; Mannschaften desselben Verbandes konnten nicht in die gleiche Gruppe gelost werden.

Die Auslosung fand am 30. August 2013 in Monaco statt.

Gespielt wurde an sechs Spieltagen vom 19. September bis zum 12. Dezember 2013, die Anstoßzeiten waren 19:00 Uhr und 21:05 Uhr.

Gruppe A

Gruppe B

Gruppe C

Gruppe D

Gruppe E

Gruppe F

Gruppe G

Gruppe H

Gruppe I

Gruppe J

Gruppe K

Gruppe L

K.-o.-Phase

Sechzehntelfinale
Zu den 24 Mannschaften, die sich über die Gruppenphase der Europa League qualifizierten, kamen die acht Gruppendritten der Champions League hinzu. Die Auslosung des Sechzehntelfinals fand am 16. Dezember 2013 in Nyon statt. Die Gruppensieger aus der Europa League sowie die vier besten Gruppendritten aus der Champions League wurden hierbei gesetzt; ihnen wurden die übrigen Mannschaften zugelost. Dabei waren Begegnungen zwischen Mannschaften derselben Gruppe oder desselben Landesverbandes ausgeschlossen. Die Hinspiele fanden am 20. Februar, die Rückspiele am 27. Februar 2014 statt.

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Achtelfinale
Die Auslosung des Achtelfinals fand ebenfalls am 16. Dezember 2013 im Anschluss nach Auslosung des Sechzehntelfinales in Nyon statt. Ab dem Achtelfinale gab es keine gesetzten Mannschaften mehr, ebenfalls entfiel die Beschränkung, dass Mannschaften des gleichen Landesverbandes nicht gegeneinander spielen. Die Hinspiele fanden am 13. März 2014 statt, die Rückspiele eine Woche später, am 20. März 2014.

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Viertelfinale
Die Auslosung für die Viertelfinalspiele erfolgte am 21. März 2014 um 13:00 Uhr in Nyon. Die Hinspiele fanden am 3. April 2014, die Rückspiele eine Woche später, am 10. April 2014 statt.

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Halbfinale
Die Auslosung für die Halbfinalspiele erfolgte am 11. April 2014 um 12:00 Uhr in Nyon. Die Hinspiele fanden am 24. April statt, die Rückspiele eine Woche später, am 1. Mai 2014.

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Finale

Beste Torschützen
Nachfolgend sind die besten Torschützen der Europa-League-Saison (ohne Qualifikation) aufgeführt. Die Sortierung erfolgte analog zur UEFA-Torschützenliste nach Anzahl der Tore, bei gleicher Trefferzahl werden diese Spieler nach Einsatzzeit sortiert.

Eingesetzte Spieler FC Sevilla

* Cala (6/–), Diego Perotti (5/2), Bryan Rabello (4/–) und Raul Rusescu (2/1) haben den Verein während der Saison verlassen.

Weblinks

 Offizielle Site der UEFA zur Saison 2013/14

Einzelnachweise

2013
Fußballsaison 2013/14

UEFA Europa League 2013/14


La Dyess Air Force Base est une base de l'United States Air Force située dans le Texas, près d'Abilene.

La principale unité stationnée est la 7th Bomb Wing (8th Air Force).

Ouverte en 1942 sous le nom dAbilene Army Air Base (AAB), la base est connue pour abriter des Rockwell B-1 Lancer.

Base de l'United States Air Force
Base militaire au Texas

Dyess Air Force Base


A Associação Organização Internacional Nova Acrópole do Brasil, mais conhecida simplesmente por Nova Acrópole Brasil é uma organização sem fins lucrativos, filiada a Organización Internacional Nueva Acrópolis (OINA).

A Nova Acrópole Brasil tem status consultivo especial junto ao Conselho Econômico e Social das Nações Unidas (ECOSOC), um dos braços da ONU.

Projetos
A Nova Acrópole Brasil mantem o projeto 'Criança para o Bem', que acolhe 180 crianças e adolescentes no Paranoá, e é contemplado pelo Criança Esperança. Em 2022, esse projeto foi agraciado com o Prêmio Nacional de Incentivo ao Voluntariado da Casa Civil da Presidência da República.

Desde 2005, quando a Unesco instituiu o dia 17 de novembro como Dia Mundial da Filosofia, a Nova Acrópole do Brasil promove um evento nas proximidades desta data em comemoração a este dia.

Canal no Youtube
O canal Nova Acrópole Brasil no Youtube foi criado em 9 de Novembro de 2008. Em 2022, o canal foi agraciado com a placa dourada por ter alcançado a marca de 1 mihão de inscritos.

Podcast "Filosofia como arte de viver"
O Podcast "Filosofia como arte de viver", que é produzido semanalmente por filósofos voluntários da Nova Acrópole Brasil e veiculado pelo canal da organização no Youtube, chegou a figurar em quarto lugar no ranking da Apple Podcasts na categoria Filosofia.

Prêmios e Indicações

Ligações externas

Teosofia
Voluntariado
Canais do YouTube do Brasil
Canais do YouTube entre 1.000.000 e 5.000.000 de inscritos

Nova Acrópole Brasil


Black Seeds of Vengeance drugi je studijski album američkog tehničkog death metal sastava Nile. Diskografska kuća Relapse Records objavila ga je 5. rujna 2000. Prvi je album sastava koji sadrži složenije skladbe i bilješke o značenju pjesama. Također je prvi album na kojem se pojavio gitarist i pjevač Dallas Toler-Wade i jedini na kojem se pojavio Derek Roddy koji je zamijenio Petea Hammoura.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

 Nile

 Karl Sanders – gitara, vokal, klavijature, produkcija
 Dallas Toler-Wade – gitara, vokal
 Chief Spires – bas-gitara, vokal
 Pete Hammoura – vokal, bubnjevi (na pjesmi "To Dream of Ur")

 Ostalo osoblje

 Wes Benscoter – naslovnica
 Adam Peterson – grafika, slike
 Dave Shirk – mastering
 Bob Moore – inženjer zvuka, miks, produkcija, vokal (na pjesmi "Khetti Satha Shemsu")

 Dodatni glazbenici

 Mostafa Abd el Aziz – argoul (na pjesmi "Invocation of the Gate of Aat-Ankh-es-en-Amenti")
 Aly et Maher el Helbney – respiracije (na pjesmi "The Nameless City of the Accursed ")
 Mohammed el Hebney – vokal (na pjesmi "Khetti Satha Shemsu")
 Ross Dolan – vokal (na pjesmi "Khetti Satha Shemsu")
 Derek Roddy – bubnjevi (na pjesmama 1. – 9., 11., 12.), vokal (na pjesmi "Khetti Satha Shemsu")
 Gary Jones – vokal (na pjesmama 3., 6., 12.)
 Scott Wilson – vokal (na pjesmi "To Dream of Ur"), prateći vokal (na pjesmi "Khetti Satha Shemsu")
 Boz Porter – vokal (na pjesmi "Defiling the Gates of Ishtar")

Izvori

Albumi sastava Nile
Albumi iz 2000.

Black Seeds of Vengeance


Mahmud Nedim Paşa (d. 1818 - ö. 14 Mayıs 1883), Abdülaziz saltanatında 2 değişik dönemde toplam bir yıl yedi ay on bir gün sadrazamlık yapmış bir Osmanlı devlet adamıdır.

Hayatı
1818 yılında doğan Mahmud Nedim Paşa Şam ve Bağdat valilikleri yapmış olan vezir rütbeli Gürcü Mehmet Necip Paşa'nın küçük oğluydu.

Eğitimini bitirince devlet memuriyetine girdi. Mektub-i Sedaret ve amedi kalemlerine girdi ve Bursalı Said Paşa'ya divan katibi oldu. Sonra mektub-i sedaret yardımcısı oldu. Sonra sırasıyla Şubat 1847'de mektub-i sedaret muavini; (Şubat 1847'de) sedaret mektupçusu; Mayıs 1849'da Divan-ı Humayun amedi yardımcısı, Aralık 1849'da amedi ve 1853'te beylikçi yapıldı. Temmuz 1854'ten itibaren sedaret müsteşarlığına ve Temmuz 1854'ten itibaren de Hariciye Nazırlığı müsteşarlığına getirildi.

Şubat 1855'te vezir şeref unvanı verilerek Sayda valisi tayin edildi ve sırasıyla Kasım 1855'te Şam valisi ve Şubat 1858'de İzmir valisi tayin edildi. Sonra İstanbul'a geçti. Şubat 1858;'de Meclis'i Tanzimat üyesi ve Nisan 1858'de Hariciye Nazırı Keçecizade Fuat Paşa Paris'e gittiğinde vekaletle Hariciye Nazırı olarak çalıştı. Ağustos 1858'de Ticaret Nazırı olarak tayin edilip Aralık 1859'da azledilince kadar görev yaptı. Temmuz 1860'ta kendi isteği ile Trablusgarp valisi yapıldı ve burada 7 yıl valilik yaptı. 1876'de İstanbul'a döndü ve Haziran 1867'de Meclis'i Vala üyeliğine tayin edildi. Ağustos 1867'de Devai Nazırı  ve Mart 1868'de ikinci kez sedaret müsteşarı oldu.
Hakkı Paşa öldükten sonra doğrudan doğruya saray tarafındın Bahriye Nazırı yapıldı.

Sultan Abdülaziz'le yakın ilişkiler kurmuştu. Padişah'ın hiç denetimsiz monarşik idare hakkı olduğu telkini yapmaktaydı. Bu nedenle Abdülaziz'in gözüne girmişti. Sadrazam Âli Paşa  7 Eylül 1871'de öldüğünde Abdülaziz'in şahsi tercihi ile birinci kez sadrazamlığa getirildi. İlk icraatı daha önce Osmanlı devletinin batı Avrupa devletlerine dayanan politikasını tayin eden Âli Paşa'nın siyasetlerini değiştirmeye çalışmak oldu. Ama önceki işi Âli Paşa'nın ailesini, dostlarını ve devlet içinde birlikte çalıştığı iş arkadaşlarını görevlerinden ayırmak oldu. Dış siyasetinde o zamanki Rusya büyükelçisi Nikolay Pavloviç İgnatyev'e yakın bağlılık gösterip Osmanlı Devleti dış siyasetini Rusya dış siyasetini takip eder bir devlet şekline soktu. Bu Rusya sevgisi yüzünden İstanbul siyasi çevrelerinde lakabı "Nedimof"a çıktı. Bu da Osmanlı devletinin batı Avrupa devletleri yanında itibarının kırılmasına ve devletin yalnız kalmasına sebep oldu. İçişlerinde takip ettiği hiç sorumsuz merkeziyetçi yanlış siyaset Abdülaziz'in halkın sevgisini kaybetmesine ve özellikle Balkanlarda milliyetçiliğinin önem kazanmasına neden oldu. Bu kötü gidişat Mithat Paşa tarafından Abdülaziz'e bildirilip sultan uyarıldı. Bunun üzerine 31 Temmuz 1872'de Abdülaziz, Mahmud Nedim Paşa'yı sadrazamlıktan azletti.

Temmuz 1872'de Kona Kastamonu valiliği verildi ve böylece İstanbul'dan uzaklaştırıldı. Fakat yeni sadrazam olan Mithat Paşa onun sadrazamlığı sıralarda yaptığı yolsuzlukların ve Hazine-i Maliye'yi soktuğu zararların hesabının sorulmasında ısrar ettiği için İstanbul'a geri çağrıldı. Fakat yapılan araştırmalar sonunda bir sonuç alınamadı ve Mahmud Nedim Paşa Trabzon'a zorunlu sürgüne gönderildi. Ekim 1873'te Adana valiliğine tayin edildi. Tam bu sırada Hersek isyanı çıktı ve ülke büyük bir siyasi kriz içine girdi. Sultan Abdulaziz, Mahmud Nedim Paşa'nın Rusya yakınlığını bildiği için ve bu yakınlık dolayısıyla bu isyana Rusya'nın karışmasını önleyeceğini sandığı için Mahmud Nedim Paşa'yı 21 Ağustos 1875'te İstanbul'a çağırttı. Ona Şura-yı Devlet üyeliği görevi verildi.

Mahmud Nedim Paşa eğer kendisine iktidar verilirse Hersek isyanı meselesini 15-20 günde çözebileceğini Abdülaziz'e bildirince, Sultan'ın isteğiyle 26 Ağustos 1875'te ikinci kez sadrazamlığa getirildi. Fakat sadrazam olduğunda Hersek isyanını bastıramadı. Bu yetmezmiş gibi ayaklanmalar Sırbistan, Bulgaristan ve diğer bölgelere de yayılmaya başladı. Mahmut Nedim Paşa'nın bunlara karşı aldığı tedbirler hep boşa gitti. Ayaklanmalar dolayısıyla gereken yüksek askeri harcamalar devlet maliyesini sarstı. Yeni vergiler koymak imkânı yoktu ve o zamana kadar devlet maliyesi yüksek faizlerle dış borç almaya dayanmakta idi. Mahmud Nedim Paşa dış borç alınmasında Osmanlı devleti tahvilleri için gayet yüksek faiz ödemekten kaçınmak için devlet dış tahvillerinin faizini (dış piyasalarda geçen) ama eskisinden %50 daha düşük olan faizlere indirdi. Bu Avrupa'da Osmanlı tahvilleri satın alan ve gayet yüksek faiz gelirinden istifade eden Batı Avrupa bankaları ve maliyecilerinin ve ülke içinde ellerinde fonları olup bunları yüksek faizli Osmanlı devleti tahvilleri ile nemalandıran küçük bir iç rantiyer-maliyeci tabakasının büyük tepkilerine neden oldu. Bu arada medrese öğrencileri de derslerine girmeyip Fatih ve Beyazıt meydanlarında gösteriler yaptılar. Bu başarısızlıklar nedeniyle 12 Mayıs 1876'da sadrazamlıktan azledildi.

Önce Çeşme'ye sürgüne gönderildi. Oradan da sürgün yeri Sakız Adası'na çevrildi. 31 Ağustos 1876'da II. Abdülhamit padişah olduktan sonra affedildi. Birinci meşrutiyet kurulması, "Doksan-Üç-Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı"'nin kaybı ve 11 Şubat 1878'den itibaren II. Abdülhamit idaresinin başlamasından sonra 1879 başlarında Mahmud Nedim Paşa Musul valisi olarak tayin edildi. Ama hemen ardından İstanbul'a dönmesi emri gönderildi. Sadrazam olan Ahmed Arifi Paşa'nın muhalefetine rağmen 1879 sonlarında Mahmud Nedim Paşa Dahiliye Nazırı olarak göreve getirildi. Bu görevde iken 1882 sonlarında hastalandı ve hastalığı uzun sürdüğü için görevinden alındı.

14 Mayıs 1883'te öldü. II. Mahmud Türbesi haziresine gömüldü.

Sicill-i Osmani'de şöyle değerlendirilir:
 Cömert, zekî, şair, kâtipti.
Orta derecede bir şair ve yazar olduğu belirtilmektedir. Bir divanı bulunmaktadır. Hikaye-i Melik-i Muzaffer ve Ayine ve Hasbıhal adlı popüler okuyucuya hitap eden basılmış eserleri bulunur. Kendisine yöneltilen suçlamaları inceleyip redden Reddiye adlı bir polemik kitabı basılmıştır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Buz, Ayhan (2009) "Osmanlı Sadrazamları", İstanbul: Neden Kitap, ISBN 978-975-254-278-5
 Danișmend, İsmail Hâmi (1971),Osmanlı Devlet Erkâni, İstanbul: Türkiye Yayınevi
 Kuneralp, Sinan (1999) Son Dönem Osmanlı Erkan ve Ricali (1839 - 1922) Prosopografik Rehber,  İstanbul:ISİS Press, ISBN 9784281181.
 İnal, İbnülemin Mehmet Kemal, (1964) Son Sadrazamlar 4 cilt, Ankara: Millî Eğitim Başımevi,  (Dergah Yayınevi 2002) (Google books ,
 Tektaş, Nazım (2002), Sadrâzamlar Osmanlı'da İkinci Adam Saltanatı, İstanbul:Çatı Yayınevi (Google books:
 Yılmaz, Recep,  "Mahmut Nedim Paşa", (1999), Yaşamları ve Yapıtlarıyla Osmanlılar Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul:Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık A.Ş. C.2 s.69-70 ISBN 975-08-0072-9
 Mehmed Süreyya (haz. Nuri Akbayar) (1996), Sicill-i Osmani, İstanbul:Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları ISBN 975-333-0383 C.İV s.336-337

1818 doğumlular
1883 yılında ölenler
19. yüzyılda Osmanlılar
Osmanlı sadrazamları
Osmanlı Gürcüleri
Bahriye nâzırları
Hariciye nâzırları
Şûrâ-yı Devlet reisleri
İstanbul'da ölenler
II. Mahmud Türbesi haziresine defnedilenler

Mahmud Nedim Paşa


Der Bahnhof Roma Ostiense ist nach dem Bahnhof Roma Termini und dem Bahnhof Roma Tiburtina der drittgrößte Bahnhof der italienischen Hauptstadt Rom. Verwaltet wird der Bahnhof von der für die 103 mittelgroßen Bahnhöfe Italiens zuständigen FS-Tochtergesellschaft Centostazioni. Der Bahnhof wird sowohl von Fern-, als auch von Nahverkehrszügen bedient und markiert mit dem nahgelegenen Kopfbahnhof Porta San Paolo der Bahnstrecke nach Ostia und der Metrostation Piramide einen der wichtigsten Verkehrsknotenpunkte Roms. Die Nachbarbahnhöfe sind Trastevere und Tuscolana.

Geschichte
Der Bahnhof Ostiense ersetzt einen älteren Vorgängerbau und war wie der etwa zeitgleiche Neubau des römischen Hauptbahnhofes Roma Termini Teil der Verkehrsplanungen für die Weltausstellung 1942, die aber schließlich wegen des Zweiten Weltkriegs nicht mehr stattfand. Das Empfangsgebäude nach dem Entwurf des Hausarchitekten der staatlichen Eisenbahngesellschaft Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FS) Roberto Narducci wurde 1940 dem Verkehr übergeben. Forciert wurde der Bau anlässlich des Besuches von Adolf Hitler bei Benito Mussolini 1938, da der Empfang durch den König und den Duce in Ostiense stattfand. Das Gebäude ist in monumentalen Formen errichtet, die dem faschistischen Repräsentationsbedürfnis entsprachen und sich zunehmend an den Bauten der Nationalsozialisten in Deutschland orientierten. Der nicht realisierte italienische Pavillon der Weltausstellung, ebenfalls von Narducci, war in fast identischer Form geplant.

Air Terminal

Im Zuge der Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft 1990 in Italien wurde nach Plänen des spanischen Architekten Julio Lafuente südlich des Bahnhofs auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Gleise das Air Terminal als Endpunkt einer Bahnverbindung zum Flughafen Rom-Fiumicino errichtet, dafür wurde auch die Bahnstrecke Rom–Fiumicino umgebaut. Nach der WM wurde das Angebot jedoch nicht wie vorgesehen genutzt, die Passagierzahlen erfüllten die Erwartungen nicht, die Züge zum Flughafen wurden daher ins S-Bahnnetz Roms integriert und das Air Terminal geschlossen.

Die FS-Infrastrukturtochter Rete Ferroviaria Italiana verkaufte das Terminal 2009 für knapp elf Millionen Euro an das Unternehmen Geal, das ein Einkaufszentrum in dem Gebäude plante. 2010 gab die als Konkurrenz zur FS gegründete Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori (NTV) bekannt, dass ihre Hochgeschwindigkeitszüge unter dem Markennamen .italo in Rom nicht Termini, sondern Roma Tiburtina und den Bahnhof Ostiense anfahren werden, um dort relativ unabhängig vom FS-Verkehr die eigenen Züge abfertigen zu können. NTV nahm 2012 in Ostiense den Betrieb am Air Terminal mit den Linien Venedig–Rom und Turin–Salerno auf. Seit 2014 bedient auch die NTV den Bahnhof Termini, die Züge der Relation Turin–Salerno halten in Rom seitdem nur noch an den Bahnhöfen Tiburtina und Termini.

Das Terminalgebäude selbst wird seit 2012 durch die mit der Slow-Food-Bewegung verbundenen, international agierenden Lebensmittelkette Eataly genutzt, die die Halle als Markthalle mit zahlreichen Geschäften und mehreren Restaurants bespielt. Eataly ist auch als Caterer für NTV tätig.

Verkehr
Die für den operativen Verkehr zuständige FS-Tochter Trenitalia bedient den Bahnhof sowohl mit Fern-, als auch mit Nahverkehrs- und Regionalzügen. Zudem ist das ehemalige Air Terminal in Ostiense Start- resp. Endpunkt einiger Hochgeschwindigkeitszüge der Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori (NTV).

Fernverkehr
Im Fernverkehr bedient Trenitalia den Bahnhof täglich mit drei InterCity-Zugspaaren: Salerno Centrale–Torino Porta Nuova, Roma Termini–Ventimiglia und Napoli Centrale–Sestri Levante. Außerdem hält noch ein Nachtzug der Relation Turin–Salerno. Die Eurostar-Italia-Züge, welche Rom mit Mailand via Genua verbinden, passieren den Bahnhof ohne Halt.

Die NTV bietet ab Ostiense täglich insgesamt bis zu sieben Zugpaare nach Mailand und Turin sowie Venedig an.

Regional- und Nahverkehr
Der Bahnhof ist Teil des S-Bahnähnlichen Nahverkehrszugssystems der Agglomeration Roms und wird von den Linie FL1, FL3 und FL5 bedient.

Verkehrsträger in der Umgebung
In der Umgebung des Bahnhofs Ostiense findet sich die Metrostation Piramide der Linie B. Die Station trägt ihren Namen nach der nahe gelegenen Cestius-Pyramide. Zudem befindet sich auch der Kopfbahnhof Porta San Paolo in der Nachbarschaft des Bahnhofs Ostiense. Von ihm aus verkehren die Lokalzüge nach Lido di Ostia, die wie die Metro von der kommunalen Verkehrsgesellschaft ATAC betrieben werden. Dieser Bahnhof wurde bereits 1924 eröffnet.

Einzelnachweise

Ostiense
Roma Ostiense

Bahnhof Roma Ostiense


"The Unparalleled Invasion" ("Nemaipomenita invazie") este o povestire științifico-fantastică de Jack London, o povestire care implică viitoare războaie biologice și purificare etnică. A fost publicată prima dată în revista McClure's editată de The S.S. McClure Co., numărul din iulie 1910. A apărut în 1914 în antologia lui London, The Strength of the Strong, editată de The Macmillan Company.

Prezentare

Sub influența Japoniei, China modernizează și trece printr-o versiunea proprie a Restaurației Meiji în anii 1910. În 1922, China se îndepărtează de Japonia și duce un război scurt care culminează cu anexarea chineză a posesiunilor japoneze din Coreea, Formosa (Taiwan) și Manciuria. În următoarea jumătate de secol, populația Chinei crește constant și, în cele din urmă, migrația copleșește coloniile europene din Asia. Statele Unite și celelalte puteri occidentale lansează o campanie de luptă biologică împotriva Chinei, ducând la distrugerea populației Chinei, câțiva supraviețuitori ai bolilor fiind uciși de către trupele europene și americane. China este apoi colonizată de puterile occidentale. Aceasta deschide calea către o epocă voioasă cu "producții splendide mecanice, intelectuale și de artă". În anii 1980, apar încă o dată scântei de război între Germania și Franța, iar povestirea se încheie cu națiunile lumii care se angajaseră solemn să nu mai folosească aceleași tehnici pe care le-au dus împotriva Chinei.

Fundal și context
"The Unparalleled Invasion" a fost inclusă în The Strength of the Strong, o colecție de povestiri publicată de London la editura Macmillan în 1914, colecție care mai conține povestirile "The Dream of Debs" (o critică a societății capitaliste din Statele Unite) și "The Strength of the Strong" (care a folosit un context primitiv ca o metaforă a nedreptății sociale în rândul bărbaților).

"The Unparalleled Invasion" a fost controversată pentru descrierea unui genocid și a fost citată ca o dovadă a rasismului lui London. Genocidul este descris în detaliu și nicăieri nu i se aduce nicio obiecție. Termeni ca "viață galbenă" și "populație galbenă" apar în povestire. Se termină cu "curățenia Chinei" și re-colonizarea sa de către occidentali.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
Istoria științifico-fantasticului
1910 în literatură
1914 în literatură
 "The Red One"
 Război biologic

Povestiri din 1910
Povestiri din 1914
Povestiri științifico-fantastice
Povestiri americane
Povestiri de Jack London

The Unparalleled Invasion