Russian grammar employs an Indo-European inflexional structure, with considerable adaptation.

Russian has a highly inflectional morphology, particularly in nominals (nouns, pronouns, adjectives and numerals). Russian literary syntax is a combination of a Church Slavonic heritage, a variety of loaned and adopted constructs, and a standardized vernacular foundation.

The spoken language has been influenced by the literary one, with some additional characteristic forms. Russian dialects show various non-standard grammatical features, some of which are archaisms or descendants of old forms discarded by the literary language.

Various terms are used to describe Russian grammar with the meaning they have in standard Russian discussions of historical grammar, as opposed to the meaning they have in descriptions of the English language; in particular, aorist, imperfect, etc., are considered verbal tenses, rather than aspects, because ancient examples of them are attested for both perfective and imperfective verbs. Russian also places the accusative case between the dative and the instrumental, and in the tables below, the accusative case appears between the nominative and genitive cases.

Nouns

Nominal declension involves six main casesnominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, and prepositionalin two numbers (singular and plural), and grammatical gender (masculine, feminine, and neuter). Up to ten additional cases are identified in linguistics textbooks, although all of them are either incomplete (do not apply to all nouns) or degenerate (appear identical to one of the six main cases) – the most recognized additional cases are locative, partitive and vocative. Old Russian also had a third number, the dual, but it has been lost except for its use in the nominative and accusative cases with the numbers two, three, and four (e.g. , "two chairs"), where it is now reanalyzed as genitive singular.

More often than in many other Indo-European languages, Russian noun cases may supplant the use of prepositions entirely. Furthermore, every preposition is exclusively used with a particular case (or cases). Their usage can be summarised as:
 nominative ():
 main subject;
 default case to use outside sentences (dictionary entries, signs, etc.);
 prepositions:  '(what) kind of?'; : 'join the ranks of' (with plural noun only);
 accusative ():
 direct object;
 some time expressions;
 prepositions indicating motion:  'into, in(ward)',  'onto (the top of)',  'behind, after',  'under';
 other prepositions:  'about',  'over, through',  'through';
 genitive ():
 possession – 'of' (genitive noun);
 numerals and quantifiers;
 negated verbs (which take direct objects in Accusative) to indicate total absence;
 some time expressions;
 prepositions:  'without',  'instead of',  'near',  'around',  'ahead of',  'for',  'before',  'from',  'because of, from behind',  'from',  'except for',  'past by',  'near',  'after',  'against, opposite',  'among',  'by',  'near',  'along',  'out of, outside',  'inside';
 verbs:  'afraid of',  'reach',  'avoid';
 adjectives:  'full of' (genitive noun);
 dative ():
 indirect object – 'to' (dative noun);
 some time expressions;
 impersonal clauses:  – 'I am cold', lit. "to_me (is) cold";
 age statements:  – 'I am 20 (years old)', lit. 'to_me (is) 20 years';
 prepositions:  'on',  'to(wards)',  'thanks to';
 auxiliaries:  or  'need/must (to)',  'allowed',  'forbidden';
 verbs:  'believe',  'help',  'advise',  'call',  'amaze (self)';
 instrumental ():
 instrument used in the action or means by which action is carried out – 'by' (I. noun);
 logical subject of passive clause:  – 'the letter was written by Ivan';
 secondary direct object:  – 'he is considered (to be) a student';
 durational time expressions;
 verbs:  'interest (to be interested in)',  'use',  'occupy (to be preoccupied with)';
 associates of connective verbs:  'be',  'became',  'remain',  'appear to be',  'turn out to be';
 prepositions of position:  'behind',  'in front of',  'above',  'below',  'between',  '(together) with';
 adjective:  'pleased by';
 prepositional ():
 prepositions of place:  'inside',  'on (top of)';
 other prepositions:  'about',  'by/of/with';
Definite and indefinite articles (corresponding to 'the', 'a', 'an' in English) do not exist in the Russian language. The sense conveyed by such articles can be determined in Russian by context. However, Russian also utilizes other means of expressing whether a noun is definite or indefinite:
 The use of a direct object in the genitive instead of the accusative in negation signifies that the noun is indefinite, compare:  ("I don't see a book" or "I don't see any books") and  ("I don't see the book").
 The same goes for certain verbs expressing a desire to achieve something: wait, wish, ask, want, etc. When the inanimate object is definite (certain, or at least expected), the accusative is used; when it is indefinite (uncertain), the genitive is used. Compare:  ("I'm waiting for the bus", а specific, scheduled bus) and  ("I'm waiting for a bus", any bus, if one will come).
 The use of the numeral one sometimes signifies that the noun is indefinite, e.g.:  –  ("Why did it take you so long?" – "Well, I met one [=a] friend and had to talk").
 Word order may also be used for this purpose; compare  ("Into the room rushed a boy") and  ("The boy rushed into the room").
 The plural form may signify indefiniteness:  ("You can buy this in shops") vs.  ("You can buy this in the shop").

The category of animacy is relevant in Russian nominal and adjectival declension. Specifically, the accusative has two possible forms in many paradigms, depending on the animacy of the referent. For animate referents (persons and animals), the accusative form is generally identical to the genitive form. For inanimate referents, the accusative form is identical to the nominative form. This principle is relevant for masculine singular nouns of the second declension (see below) and adjectives, and for all plural paradigms (with no gender distinction). In the tables below, this behavior is indicated by the abbreviation 'N or G' in the row corresponding to the accusative case.

Russian uses three declensions:
 The first declension is used for feminine nouns ending with / and some masculine nouns having the same form as those of feminine gender, such as  (papa) or  (uncle); also, common-gender nouns like  (bully) are masculine or feminine depending on the person to which they refer.
 The second declension is used for most masculine and neuter nouns.
 The third declension is used for feminine nouns ending in .

A group of irregular "different-declension nouns" (), consists of a few neuter nouns ending in  (e.g.  "time") and one masculine noun  "way". However, these nouns and their forms have sufficient similarity with feminine third declension nouns that scholars such as Litnevskaya consider them to be non-feminine forms of this declension.

Nouns ending with , ,  (not to be confused with nominalized adjectives) are written with  instead of  in prepositional (as this ending is never stressed, there is no difference in pronunciation):  –  "streaming – in lower streaming of a river". However, if words  and  represent a compound preposition meaning"while, during the time of"they are written with :  "in a time of an hour". For nouns ending in , , or , using  in the prepositional (where endings of some of them are stressed) is usually erroneous, but in poetic speech it may be acceptable (as we replace  with  for metric or rhyming purposes):  (Fyodor Tyutchev).

First declension

Feminine and masculine nouns ending with 'а' or  vowel

Second declension

Masculine nouns ending with a consonant sound

Some singular nouns denoting groups of people may include the  suffix before ending.

Neuter nouns

Third declension

Feminine nouns ending with letter ь

Neuter nouns ending with мя

Indeclinable nouns
Some nouns (such as borrowings from other languages, abbreviations, etc.) are not modified when they change number and case. This occurs especially when the ending appears not to match any declension pattern in the appropriate gender. An example of an indeclinable noun is кофе ("coffee").

Additional cases

Some nouns use several additional cases. The most important of these are:
 Locative (): the most common minor case, used with some nouns after the prepositions of location  and . With most nouns, the prepositional form is used in such instances. When there is a distinct locative, it takes the form of the dative ending but with the ending necessarily stressed. A few feminine nouns ending in  have a locative form of independent origin, consisting of the singular genitive/dative/prepositional ending but with the ending necessarily stressed. This may mean it matches the dative, or it may take a unique form. For example, in  ("in the mouth") and  ("in the chest"), the locatives of  ("mouth") and  match the dative forms  and (modern) . In the case of , this differs from the prepositional , but in the case of  the prepositional (and all other singular oblique cases besides instrumental) have merged with the locative. In  ("in the forest") and   ("in view (of)"), the locatives of  ("forest") and  ("link, connection") differ from both the prepositional  and  and the dative  and  (the dative and locative of  are spelt identically but pronounced differently).
 Partitive (), or second genitive: sometimes used instead of the accusative (as it should be for the direct object) to imply, that a part of the object is affected by the verb:  "to pour some tea" (not all the tea) — from  "to pour the tea".
 Vocative (): used to call or speak to a person. There are two types of vocative in modern Russian. The common Slavic vocative is archaic and survives only in fixed expressions:  (My God!). The modern vocative (sometimes called neo-vocative) is produced from a first-declension noun by removing the vowel ending:  "mom, can you hear me?" from . It can only be applied to familiar (affectionate) terms for family members or close friends and diminutives of commonly used Slavic names:  (full name) —  (short, affectionate) —  (neo-vocative); . It also cannot be used in the plural.
 Caritive (), often used with the negation of verbs:  (not to know the truth) —  (to know the truth). This case is identical to the genitive and obligatory replaces the accusative for all negated forms of the verb  "to be", including compound verbs:  "I wasn't home" — cf.  "I was home";  "It can't be!" — cf.  "It (This) can be (so)" (however:  "This can't be true" is the only correct option). Some negated verbs are allowed be used with caritive in a casual speech, if considered synonymous with "to be" ( "to exist",  "to happen",  "to appear"). For many other verbs use of caritive may be considered illiterate:  "You were not standing here" — cf.  (same, but with proper use of the accusative).

Adjectives
A Russian adjective () is usually placed before the noun it qualifies, and it agrees with the noun in case, gender, and number. With the exception of a few invariant forms borrowed from other languages, such as  ('beige', non-adapted form of ) or  ('khaki-colored'), most adjectives follow one of a small number of regular declension patterns (except for some that complicate the ). In modern Russian, the short form appears only in the nominative and is used when the adjective is in a predicative role:  are short forms of  ('new'). Formerly (as in the bylinas) short adjectives appeared in all other forms and roles, which are not used in the modern language, but are nonetheless understandable to Russian speakers as they are declined exactly like nouns of the corresponding gender.

Adjectives may be divided into three general groups:
 qualitative () – denote a quality of the object; this is the only group that usually has degrees of comparison.
 relational () – denote some sort of relationship; unlikely to act as a predicate or have a short form.
 possessive () – denote belonging to a specific subject; have some declensional peculiarities.

Adjectival declension
The pattern described below holds true for full forms of most adjectives, except possessive ones. It is also used for substantivized adjectives as  ("scientist, scholar" as a noun substitute or "scientific, learned" as a general adjective) and for adjectival participles. Russian differentiates between hard-stem and soft-stem adjectives, shown before and after a slash sign.

 The masculine and neuter genitive singular adjectival endings -ого and -его are pronounced as -ово and -ево.
 After a sibilant (ш, ж, ч, щ) or velar (к, г, х) consonant, и is written instead of ы.
 When a masculine adjective ends in -ой in the nominative, the stress falls on the final syllable throughout its declension:  (, "straight"), compare  (, "stubborn").
 The "хоро́шее rule" states that after a sibilant consonant, neuter adjectives end in -ее.
 The masculine accusative singular and the accusative plural endings depend on animacy, as with nouns.
 The instrumental feminine ending -ой/-ей has old-fashion alternative form -ою/-ею for all adjectives, which has only a stylistic difference.
 There are often stress changes in the short form. For example, the short forms of но́вый ("new") are нов (m.), но́во (n.), нова́ (f.), новы́/но́вы (pl.).
 In the masculine singular short form, when a word-final consonant cluster is being formed after ending removal, an additional е or о interfix is inserted after the root, as in го́лоден, from голо́дный ("hungry").
 Some adjectives (e.g. большо́й "big", ру́сский "Russian") have no short forms.

Comparison of adjectives
Comparison forms are usual only for qualitative adjectives and adverbs. Comparative and superlative synthetic forms are not part of the paradigm of original adjective but are different lexical items, since not all qualitative adjectives have them. A few adjectives have irregular forms that are declined as usual adjectives: большо́й 'big' – бо́льший 'bigger', хоро́ший 'good' – лу́чший 'better'. Most synthetically-derived comparative forms are derived by adding the suffix -е́е or -е́й to the adjective stem: кра́сный 'red' – красне́е 'more red'; these forms are difficult to distinguish from adverbs, whose comparative forms often coincide with those of their adjectival counterparts. Superlative synthetic forms are derived by adding the suffix -е́йш- or -а́йш- and additionally sometimes the prefix наи-, or using a special comparative form with the prefix наи-: до́брый 'kind' – добре́йший 'the kindest', большо́й 'big' – наибо́льший 'the biggest'.

An alternative is to add an adverb to the positive form of the adjective. The adverbs used for this are бо́лее 'more' / ме́нее 'less' and са́мый 'most' / наибо́лее 'most' / наиме́нее 'least': for example, до́брый 'kind' – бо́лее до́брый 'kinder' – са́мый до́брый 'the kindest'. This way is rarely used if special comparative forms exist.

Possessive adjectives
Possessive adjectives are less frequently used in Russian than in most other Slavic languages, but are in use. They respond to the questions чей? чья? чьё? чьи? (whose?) and denote only animate possessors. See section below.

Pronouns

Personal pronouns

 Russian is subject to the T–V distinction. The respectful form of the singular you is the same as the plural form. It begins with a capital letter: Вы, Вас, Вам, etc., in the following situations: personal letters and official papers (addressee is definite), and questionnaires (addressee is indefinite); otherwise it begins with minuscule. Compare the distinction between du and Sie in German or tu and vous in French.
 When a preposition is used directly before a third-person pronoun, it is prefixed with н-: у него (read: у нево), с неё, etc. Because the prepositional case always occurs after a preposition, the third person prepositional always starts with an н-.
 There are special cases for prepositions before first person singular pronouns: со мной – "with me" (usually с), ко мне – "to me" (usually к), во мне – "in me" (usually в), обо мне – "about me" (usually о). All of these preposition forms are unstressed.
 Like adjectives and numerals, letter "г" (g) in masculine and neuter 3rd person genitive and accusative forms is pronounced as "в" (v): (н)его – (н)ево.
 English "it" can be translated as both оно́ (neuter personal pronoun) and э́то (neuter proximal demonstrative, "this"). The latter is used as a stub pronoun for a subject: э́то хорошо́ – "it/this is good", кто́ это? – "who is it/this?".

Demonstrative pronouns

If the preposition "about" is used (usually о), for singular demonstrative pronouns (as with any other words starting with a vowel) it is об: об э́том – about this.

Possessive adjectives and pronouns
Unlike English, Russian uses the same form for a possessive adjective and the corresponding possessive pronoun. In Russian grammar they are called possessive pronouns притяжательные местоимения (compare with possessive adjectives like Peter's = Петин above). The following rules apply:
 Possessive pronouns agree with the noun of the possessed in case, gender, and number.
 The reflexive pronoun свой is used when the possessor is the subject of the clause, whatever the person, gender, and number of that subject.
 No non-reflexive exists for the third person: the genitive of the personal pronoun is instead, i.e. его for a masculine/neuter singular possessor, её for a feminine singular possessor and их for a plural possessor. But unlike other genitives used with a possessive meaning, in modern Russian these words are usually placed before the object of possession.
 Example of the difference between reflexive and non-reflexive pronouns:
 "Он лю́бит свою́ жену́ = He loves his (own) wife"   while   "Он лю́бит его́ жену́ = He loves his (someone else's) wife".
 Unlike Latin where a similar rule applies for the third person only, Russian accepts using reflexives for all persons:
 "Люблю́ (свою́) жену́ = (I) love my wife"
 "Люблю́ себя́ = (I) love myself"

The ending -его is pronounced as -ево́.

Interrogative pronouns

These interrogatives are used by scholars to denote "usual" questions for correspondent grammatical cases (prepositional is used with о): (кто?) Ма́ша лю́бит (кого?) Ва́сю – (who?) Masha [N.] loves (whom?) Vasya [G.].

The ending "-его" is pronounced as "-ево".

Numerals

Russian has several classes of numerals ([имена] числительные): cardinal, ordinal, collective, and also fractional constructions; also it has other types of words, relative to numbers: collective adverbial forms (вдвоём), multiplicative (двойной) and counting-system (двоичный) adjectives, some numeric-pronominal and indefinite quantity words (сколько, много, несколько). Here are the numerals from 0 to 10:

Verbs
Grammatical conjugation is subject to three persons in two numbers and two simple tenses (present/future and past), with periphrastic forms for the future and subjunctive, as well as imperative forms and present/past participles, distinguished by adjectival and adverbial usage (see adjectival participle and adverbial participle). Verbs and participles can be reflexive, i.e. have reflexive suffix -ся/-сь appended after ending.

The past tense is made to agree in gender with the subject, for it is the participle in an originally periphrastic perfect formed (like the perfect passive tense in Latin) with the present tense of the verb "to be" быть , which is now omitted except for rare archaic effect, usually in set phrases (откуда есть пошла земля русская , "whence is come the Russian land", the opening of the Primary Chronicle in modern spelling). The participle nature of past-tense forms is exposed also in that they often have an extra suffix vowel, which is absent in present/future; the same vowel appears in infinitive form, which is considered by few scholars not to be verbal (and in the past it surely used to be a noun), but in which verbs appear in most dictionaries: ходить "to walk" – ходил "(he) walked" – хожу "I walk".

Verbal inflection is considerably simpler than in Old Russian. The ancient aorist, imperfect, and (periphrastic) pluperfect have been lost, though the aorist sporadically occurs in secular literature as late as the second half of the eighteenth century, and survives as an odd form in direct narration (а он пойди да скажи , etc., exactly equivalent to the English colloquial "so he goes and says"), recategorized as a usage of the imperative. The loss of three of the former six tenses has been offset by the development, as in other Slavic languages, of verbal aspect (). Most verbs come in pairs, one with imperfective () or continuous, the other with perfective () or completed aspect, usually formed with a (prepositional) prefix, but occasionally using a different root. E.g., спать  ('to sleep') is imperfective; поспать  ('to take a nap') is perfective.

The present tense of the verb быть is today normally used only in the third-person singular form, есть, which is often used for all the persons and numbers. As late as the nineteenth century, the full conjugation, which today is extremely archaic, was somewhat more natural: forms occur in the Synodal Bible, in Dostoevsky and in the bylinas (былины ) or oral folk-epics, which were transcribed at that time. The paradigm shows as well as anything else the Indo-European affinity of Russian:

Infinitive
The infinitive is the basic form of a verb for most purposes of study. In Russian it has the suffix -ть/-ти (the latter is used after consonants), or ends with -чь (but -чь is not a suffix of a verb). For reflexive verbs -ся/-сь suffix is added in the end. Note that due to phonological effects, both -ться and -тся endings (latter is used for present-future tense of a 3rd person reflexive verb; see below) are pronounced as  or  and often cause misspellings even among native speakers.

Present-future tense
Future tense has two forms: simple and compound.
Future simple forms are formed by the perfective verbs with the help of personal endings: "She will read" (She will have read) — "Она́ прочита́ет"; "She will read" (She will read [for a certain amount of time]) — "Она́ почита́ет".
Future compound forms are formed by the imperfective verbs: future simple tense form of the verb "быть" (to be) and the infinitive of the imperfective verb. The Russian compound future tense is remarkably similar in structure to the English simple future tense: "She will read" (She will be reading) — "Она́ бу́дет чита́ть".

 -у/-ут,-ат is used after a hard consonant or ж, ш, щ or ч; otherwise -ю/-ют,-ят is used.
 A mutating final consonant may entail a change in the ending.
 е becomes ё when stressed.
Two forms are used to conjugate the present tense of imperfective verbs and the future tense of perfective verbs.

The first conjugation is used in verb stems ending in:

 a consonant,
 -у,-ы or -о,-я
 -е (In addition to below)
 Бить, пить, жить, шить, лить, вить, гнить, брить, стелить, зиждить.
 -а not preceded by a hush (ж, ш, щ or ч):

The second conjugation involves verb stems ending in:

 -и or -е (Глядеть, смотреть, видеть, ненавидеть, обидеть, зависеть, терпеть, вертеть, пыхтеть, сидеть, лететь, гудеть, гореть, сопеть, дудеть, блестеть, храпеть, смердеть, хрипеть, шелестеть, хрустеть, сипеть, кишеть, бдеть, звенеть, кряхтеть, кипеть, корпеть, зудеть, скорбеть, тарахтеть, шуметь, зреть, висеть, греметь, шипеть)
 -а preceded by a hush (ж, ш, щ or ч)(Слышать, дышать, держать, лежать, дребезжать, жужжать, брюзжать, дрожать, бренчать, стучать, мычать, кричать, молчать, рычать, мчать, урчать, звучать, бурчать, ворчать, торчать, журчать, гнать):
 Стоять, бояться
Example: попро-с-ить – попро-ш-у, попро-с-ят  (to have solicited – [I, they] will have solicited).

Examples

There are five irregular verbs:
 бежа́ть (run), бре́зжить (glimmer) – first conjugation in the plural third person, second in other forms;
 хоте́ть (want) – first conjugation in the singular, second in plural;
 дать (give) – дам, дашь, даст, дади́м, дади́те, даду́т;
 есть (eat) – ем, ешь, ест, еди́м, еди́те, едя́т.

Past tense
The Russian past tense is gender specific: –л for masculine singular subjects, –ла for feminine singular subjects, –ло for neuter singular subjects, and –ли for plural subjects. This gender specificity applies to all persons; thus, to say "I slept", a male speaker would say я спал, while a female speaker would say я спалá.

Examples

Exceptions

Moods
Russian verbs can form three moods (наклонения): indicative (изъявительное), conditional (сослагательное) and imperative (повелительное).

Imperative mood
The imperative mood second-person singular is formed from the future-present base of most verbs by adding -и (stressed ending in present-future, or if base ends on more than one consonant), -ь (unstressed ending, base on one consonant) or -й (unstressed ending, base on vowel). Plural (including polite на вы) second-person form is made by adding -те to singular one: говорю 'I speak' – говори – говорите, забуду 'I shall forget' – забудь – забудьте, клею 'I glue' – клей – клейте. Some perfective verbs have first-person plural imperative form with -те added to similar simple future or present tense form: пойдёмте 'let us go'. Other forms can express command in Russian; for third person, for example, пусть particle with future can be used: Пусть они замолчат! 'Let them shut up!'.

Conditional mood

The conditional mood in Russian is formed by adding the particle бы after the word which marks the supposed subject into a sentence formed like in the past tense. Thus, to say "I would (hypothetically) sleep" or "I would like to sleep", a male speaker would say я спал бы (or я бы поспа́л), while a female speaker would say я спалá бы (or я бы поспала́).

Verbs of motion
Verbs of motion are a distinct class of verbs found in several Slavic languages. Due to the extensive semantic information they contain, Russian verbs of motion pose difficulties for non-native learners at all levels of study. Unprefixed verbs of motion, which are all imperfective, divide into pairs based on the direction of the movement (uni- or multidirectional — sometimes referred to as determinate/indeterminate or definite/indefinite). As opposed to a verb-framed language, in which path is encoded in the verb, but manner of motion typically is expressed with complements, Russian is a satellite language, meaning that these concepts are encoded in both the root of the verb and the particles associated with it, satellites. Thus, the roots of motion verbs convey the lexical information of manner of movement, e.g. walking, crawling, running, whereas prefixes denote path, e.g. motion in and out of space. The roots also distinguish between means of conveyance, e.g. by transport or by one's own power, and in transitive verbs, the object or person being transported. The information below provides an outline of the formation and basic usage of unprefixed and prefixed verbs of motion.

Unprefixed

Directionality
Unidirectional verbs describe motion in progress in one direction, e.g.:
 We are headed to the library.Мы идём в библиотеку.
 I was on my way to work.Я шла на работу.
 The birds are flying south.Птицы летят на юг.
Multidirectional verbs describe:
 General motion, referring to ability or habitual motion, without reference to direction or destination, e.g.:
 The child has been walking for six months.Ребёнок ходит шесть месяцев.
 Birds fly, fish swim, and dogs walk.Птицы летают, рыбы плавают, а собаки ходят.
 Movement in various directions, e.g.:
 We walked around the city all day.Мы ходили по городу весь день.
 Repetition of completed trips, e.g.:
 She goes to the supermarket every week.Она ходит в супермаркет каждую неделю.
 In the past tense, a single completed round trip, e.g.:
 I went to Russia (and returned) last year.В прошлом году я ездил в Россию.

Unidirectional perfectives with по-
The addition of the prefix по- to a unidirectional verb of motion makes the verb perfective, denoting the beginning of a movement, i.e. 'setting out'. These perfectives imply that the agent has not yet returned at the moment of speech, e.g.,

Going versus taking
Three pairs of motion verbs generally refer to 'taking', 'leading' with additional lexical information on manner of motion and object of transport encoded in the verb stem. These are нести/носить, вести/водить, and везти/возить. See below for the specific information on manner and object of transport:

Prefixed motion verbs
Motion verbs combine with prefixes to form new aspectual pairs, which lose the distinction of directionality, but gain spatial or temporal meanings. The unidirectional verb serves as the base for the perfective, and the multidirectional as the base for the imperfective. In addition to the meanings conveyed by the prefix and the simplex motion verb, prepositional phrases also contribute to the expression of path in Russian. Thus, it is important to consider the whole verb phrase when examining verbs of motion.

In some verbs of motion, adding a prefix requires a different stem shape:

See below for a table the prefixes, their primary meanings, and the prepositions that accompany them, adapted from Muravyova. Several examples are taken directly or modified from Muravyova.

Idiomatic uses
The uni- and multidirectional distinction rarely figures into the metaphorical and idiomatic use of motion verbs, because such phrases typically call for one or the other verb. See below for examples:

Adjectival participle
Russian adjectival participles can be active or passive; have perfective or imperfective aspect; imperfective participles can have present or past tense, while perfective ones in classical language can be only past. As adjectives, they are declined by case, number and gender. If adjectival participles are derived from reciprocal verbs, they have suffix -ся appended after the adjectival ending; this suffix in participles never takes the short form. Participles are often difficult to distinguish from deverbal adjectives (this is important for some cases of orthography).

Active present participle
Лю́ди, живу́щие в э́том го́роде, о́чень до́брые и отве́тственные – The people living in this city are very kind and responsible.

In order to form the active present participle, the "т" of the 3rd person plural of the present tense is replaced by "щ", and a necessary adjective ending is added:

Note: Only imperfective verbs can have an active present participle.

(*) Note: These forms are obsolete in modern Russian and they are not used in the spoken language as forms of the verb 'to be'.

Reflexive verbs paradigm

The participle agrees in gender, case and number with the word it refers to:
Я посвяща́ю э́ту пе́сню лю́дям, живу́щим в на́шем го́роде – I dedicate this song to the people living in our city.
Я горжу́сь людьми́, живу́щими в на́шем го́роде – I'm proud of the people living in our city.

Active past participle

The active past participle is used in order to indicate actions that happened in the past:
Де́вушка, чита́вшая тут кни́гу, забы́ла свой телефо́н – The girl, that read this book here, forgot her phone (the girl read the book in the past).

Compare:
Де́вушка, чита́ющая тут кни́гу, – моя́ сестра́ – The girl reading this book here is my sister (she is reading the book now, in the present).

In order to form the active past participle the infinitive ending '-ть' is replaced by the suffix '-вш-' and add an adjective ending:

Reflexive verbs paradigm

Passive present participle

обсужда́ть – to discuss;
обсужда́емый (full form), обсужда́ем (short form) – being discussed or able to be discussed;

In order to form the passive present participle it is necessary to add an adjective ending to the 1st person plural of the present tense:

Passive participles are occasional in modern Russian. Often, same meaning is conveyed by reflexive active present participles:

рису́ющийся (self-drawing) instead of рису́емый (being drawn, drawable);
мо́ющийся (self-washing) instead of мо́емый (being washed);

The forms ending in -омый are mostly obsolete. Only the forms ведо́мый (from вести́ – to lead) and иско́мый (from иска́ть – to search, to look for) are used in the spoken language as adjectives:

ведо́мый челове́к – a slave (driven, following) man;
иско́мая величина́ – the sought quantity.

Passive past participle
сде́лать – to do/to make (perfective verb)
сде́ланный – done/made

Passive past participles are formed by means of the suffixes '-нн-' or '-т-' from the infinitive stem of perfective verbs. Besides that, this kind of participle can have short forms formed by means of the suffixes '-н-' or '-т-':

Adverbial participle
Adverbial participles (деепричастия) express an earlier or simultaneous action providing context for the sentence in which they occur, similar to the English constructions "having done X" or "while doing Y".

Like normal adverbs, adverbial participles are not declined. They inherit the aspect of their verb; imperfective ones are usually present, while perfective ones can only be past (since they denote action performed by the subject, the tense corresponds to the time of action denoted by the verb). Almost all Russian adverbial participles are active, but passive constructions may be formed using adverbial participle forms of the verb быть (past бывши "having been", present будучи "being"); these may be combined with either an adjectival participle in the instrumental case (Будучи раненным, боец оставался в строю – Being wounded, the combatant remained in the row), or a short adjective in the nominative (Бывши один раз наказан, он больше так не делал – Having been punished once, he didn't do it any more).

Present adverbial participles are formed by adding the suffix -а/-я (or sometimes -учи/-ючи, which is usually deprecated) to the stem of the present tense. A few past adverbial participles (mainly of intransitive verbs of motion) are formed in the same way, but most are formed with the suffix -в (alternative form -вши, always used before -сь), some whose stem ends with a consonant, with -ши. For reflexive verbs, the suffix -сь remains at the very end of the word; in poetry it can take the form -ся.

In standard Russian, adverbial participles are considered a feature of bookish speech; in colloquial language they are usually replaced with single adjectival participles or constructions with verbs: Пообедав, я пошёл гулять ("Having eaten, I went for a walk") → Я пообедал и пошёл гулять ("I had dinner and went for a walk"). But in some dated dialects adverbial and adjectival participles may be used to produce perfect forms which sound illiterate and do not occur in modern Russian; e.g. "I haven't eaten today" will be "Я сегодня не евши" instead of "Я сегодня не ел".

Irregular verbs

1These verbs all have a stem change.
2These verbs are palatalised in certain cases, namely с → ш for all the present forms of "писа́ть", and д → ж in the first person singular of the other verbs.
3These verbs do not conform to either the first or second conjugations.

Word formation

Russian has on hand a set of prefixes, prepositional and adverbial in nature, as well as diminutive, augmentative, and frequentative suffixes. All of these can be stacked one upon the other to produce multiple derivatives of a given word. Participles and other inflectional forms may also have a special connotation. For example:

Russian has also proven friendly to agglutinative compounds. As an extreme case:

Purists (as Dmitry Ushakov in the preface to his dictionary) frown on such words. But here is the name of a street in St. Petersburg:

Some linguists have suggested that Russian agglutination stems from Church Slavonic. In the twentieth century, abbreviated components appeared in the compound:

Syntax
Basic word order, both in conversation and written language, is subject–verb–object. However, because grammatical relationships are marked by inflection, considerable latitude in word order is allowed, and all possible permutations can be used. For example, the words in the phrase "я пошёл в магазин" ('I went to the shop') can be arranged:
 Я пошёл в магазин. (I went to the shop; I went to the shop.)
 Я в магазин пошёл. (I to the shop went; approx. I am going out, my destination is the shop.)
 Пошёл я в магазин. (Went I to the shop; two meanings: can be treated as a beginning of a narrated story: "Went I to the shop, and something happened." or a decision made by someone after a long contemplation: "OK, I think I will go the shop.")
 Пошёл в магазин я. (Went to the shop I; rarely used, can be treated as a beginning of a line of a poem written in amphibrach due to uncommon word order, or when the speaker wants to highlight that exactly this subject "went to the shop". In that case, the subject is stressed)
 В магазин я пошёл. (To the shop I went; two meanings: can be used as a response: "I went to the shop." – "Sorry, where did you go?" – "To the shop—that's where I went." or an emphasis on the way of transportation: I went to the shop on foot.)
 В магазин пошёл я. (To the shop went I; It was me who went to the shop.)
while maintaining grammatical correctness. Note, however, that the order of the phrase "в магазин" ("to the shop") is kept constant.

Word order can express logical stress, and degree of definiteness. The primary emphasis tends to be initial, with a weaker emphasis at the end. Some of these arrangements can describe present actions, not only past (despite the fact that the verb пошёл is in the past).

In some cases, alternative word order can change the meaning entirely:
 Не надо меня уговаривать. ("No need me [to] persuade" → One should not persuade me [as I would never agree to do something].)
 Меня не надо уговаривать. ("Me no need [to] persuade" → There is no need to persuade me [as I will do it anyway].)

Impersonal sentences
Russian is a null-subject language – it allows constructing sentences without subject (). Some of them are claimed to  not be impersonal, but to have oblique subject. One possible classification of such sentences distinguishes:
 Subjectless impersonals contain an impersonal verb (in form of single third-person or single neutral), and no other word is used as a subjectСмеркалось. '(It got) dusky.'
 В Москве полночь. '(It's) midnight in Moscow.'
 Dative impersonals usually express personal feelings, where experiencer in dative case can possibly be considered as subjectМне скучно. 'I'm bored.'
 Other impersonals have an element which is neither nominative nor dative, but still is a nominal verb argumentМеня тошнит. 'I feel sick.'
 Васю ударило током. 'Vasya had an electric shock.'

Negation

Multiple Negatives
Unlike in standard English, multiple negatives are compulsory in Russian, as in "никто никогда никому ничего не прощает"  ('No-one ever forgives anyone for anything' literally, "no one never to no-one nothing does not forgive"). Usually, only one word in a sentence has negative particle or prefix "не" or belongs to negative word "нет", while another word has negation-affirmative particle or prefix "ни"; but this word can often be omitted, and thus ни becomes the signal of negation: вокруг никого нет and вокруг никого both mean "there is nobody around".

Adverbial answers
As a one-word answer to an affirmative sentence, yes translates да and no translates нет, as shown by the table below.

No simple rule supplies an adverbial answer to a negative sentence. B. Comrie says that in Russian answer да or нет is determined not so much by the negative form of the question as by the questioner's intent for using negation, or whether the response is in agreement with his presupposition. In many cases that means that the adverbial answer should be extended for avoiding ambiguity; in spoken language, intonation in saying нет can also be significant to if it is affirmation of negation or negation of negation.

Note that while expressing an affirmation of negation by extending "да" with a negated verb is grammatically acceptable. In practice it is more common to answer "нет" and subsequently extend with a negated verb paralleling the usage in English. Answering a negative sentence with a non-extended "нет" is usually interpreted as an affirmation of negation again in a way similar to English.

Alternatively, both positive and negative simple questions can be answered by repeating the predicate with or without не, especially if да/нет is ambiguous: in the latest example, "сержусь" or "не сержусь".

Coordination
The most common types of coordination expressed by compound sentences in Russian are conjoining, oppositional, and separative. Additionally, the Russian grammar considers comparative, complemental, and clarifying. Other flavors of meaning may also be distinguished.

Conjoining coordinations are formed with the help of the conjunctions и "and", ни … ни ("not … not" — simultaneous negation), та́кже "also", то́же ("too"; the latter two have complementary flavors), etc. Most commonly the conjoining coordination expresses enumeration, simultaneity or immediate sequence. They may also have a cause-effect flavor.

Oppositional coordinations are formed with the help of the oppositional conjunctions: а "and"~"but", но "but", одна́ко "however", зато́ "on the other hand", же "and"~"but", etc. They express the semantic relations of opposition, comparison, incompatibility, restriction, or compensation.

Separative coordinations are formed with the help of the separative conjunctions: и́ли "or", ли́бо "either", ли … ли "whether … or", то … то "then … then", etc. They express alternation or incompatibility of things expressed in the coordinated sentences.

Complemental and clarifying coordination expresses additional, but not subordinated, information related to the first sentence.

Comparative coordination is a semantic flavor of the oppositional one.

Common coordinating conjunctions include:
 и  "and", enumerative, complemental;
 а  "and", comparative, tending to "but" or "while";
 но  "but", oppositional.

The distinction between "и" and "а" is important:
"и" implies a following complemental state that does not oppose the antecedent;
"а" implies a following state that acts in opposition to the antecedent, but more weakly than "но" ("but").

The distinction between "и" and "а" developed after medieval times. Originally, "и" and "а" were closer in meaning. The unpunctuated ending of the Song of Igor illustrates the potential confusion. The final five words in modern spelling, "князьям слава а дружине аминь"  can be understood either as "Glory to the princes and to their retinue! Amen." or "Glory to the princes, and amen (R.I.P.) to their retinue". Although the majority opinion is definitely with the first interpretation, no consensus has formed. The psychological difference between the two is quite obvious.

Subordination
Complementizers (subordinating conjunctions, adverbs, or adverbial phrases) include:
 если  'if' (meaning 'in case where' not meaning 'whether');
 потому что  'because'
 так как  'since' (meaning 'for the reason that')
 чтобы , дабы  (bookish, archaic) 'so that'
 после того, как  'after'
 хотя  'although'

In general, Russian has fewer subordinate clauses than English, because the participles and adverbial participles often take the place of a relative pronoun/verb combination. For example:

Absolute construction
Despite the inflectional nature of Russian, there is no equivalent in modern Russian to the English nominative absolute or the Latin ablative absolute construction. The old language had an absolute construction, with the noun in the dative. Like so many other archaisms, it is retained in Church Slavonic. Among the last known examples in literary Russian occurs in Radishchev's Journey from Petersburg to Moscow (Путешествие из Петербурга в Москву ), 1790:
 Едущу мне из Едрова, Анюта из мысли моей не выходила.  "As I was leaving Yedrovo village, I could not stop thinking about Aniuta."

See also
 List of Russian language topics
 Reduplication in the Russian language

Notes

References

External links
 Interactive On-line Reference Grammar of Russian
 Wikibooks Russian
 Concise one-page tabular grammar reference
 Gramota.ru – dictionaries
 Wiktionary has word entries in Cyrillic with meanings and grammatical analysis in English
 Russian Wiktionary gives word meanings and grammatical analysis in Russian
 Russian grammar overview with practice tests
 Over 400 links to Russian Grammar articles around the Net (wayback machine)
 Free online Russian grammar book (with videos)

Russian grammar


En la mitología nórdica, Auðr (del nórdico antiguo: "prosperidad") es una deidad hijo de Naglfari y de Nótt que es la personificación de la noche y también es tío de Thor.

Auðr es mencionado tres veces, una en el libro Gylfaginning de la Edda prosaica (escrita en el  por Snorri Sturluson) y dos veces en Skáldskaparmál. En el capítulo 10 de Gylfaginning, Hár cita que fruto de la unión entre Naglfari y Nótt nació un hijo llamado Auðr. En el capítulo 24 de Skáldskaparmál, se cita a Jörð, la personificación de la Tierra que es "hermana de Auðr" y "hermana de Dagr", la personificación del día. La segunda cita procede del mismo capítulo, un trabajo de un escaldo del  Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld que menciona a la "espléndida hermana de Auðr".

Teorías
Rudolf Simek teoriza Auðr es una invención de Snorri, aunque desconoce el propósito que tuvo para ello. Simek también incide Auðr es un nombre femenino en otras fuentes islandesas y a diferencia de Faulkes, no menciona la referencia escáldica del sujeto.

Véase también
 Odal
 Uppsala öd

Referencias

Mitología nórdica

Auðr


Das International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT) ist eine unabhängige, global operierende Organisation mit Sitz in Kopenhagen, die 1985 von der bekannten dänischen Ärztin und Amnesty-international-Aktivistin Inge Genefke und ihren Mitstreitern gegründet wurde.

Hintergrund
Das IRCT hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, weltweit Hilfsorganisationen und Einzelpersonen im Kampf gegen die Folter zu unterstützen. Dabei konzentriert es sich vorrangig auf drei Ziele:

 Unterstützung von Folteropfern und deren Familien mit medizinischen und psychologischen Ansätzen zu ihrer Rehabilitation
 Forensische Dokumentation von Folter und Unterstützung von Folteropfern in Rechtsverfahren sowie die juristische Verfolgung der Täter
 Interessenvertretung vor den Vereinten Nationen, insbesondere dem UN-Ausschuss gegen Folter, der EU und anderen regionalen Menschenrechtsforen für die Einhaltung der Rechte von Folteropfern.

Der IRCT ist der größte internationale Dachverband zur Unterstützung von Folteropfern. Gegenwärtig sind über 160 Rehabilitationszentren in über 75 Ländern Mitglieder des Netzwerks. Die Organisation stellt über die Unterstützungsarbeit hinaus Informationen zum Thema Folter und deren Prävention zur Verfügung und schickt Beobachter beziehungsweise eigene Experten zu internationalen Kongressen und Tagungen. Darüber hinaus berät sie Partnerorganisationen in Ländern, in denen Folterfälle festzustellen sind, beim Aufbau örtlicher Zentren und Netzwerke.

Der IRCT wird von Lisa Henry als Generalsekretärin geleitet, die einem internationalen Mitarbeiterteam in Kopenhagen vorsteht.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

Internationale Organisation
Organisation (Kopenhagen)
Gegründet 1985
Kampf gegen Folter
Menschenrechtsorganisation


අධ්‍යාතතිය හෙවත් අධිරුධිර පීඩනය () යනු ලෝකයේ ඉතාම බහුල රෝගී තත්ත්වයකි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

භාහිර සබැඳි

රුධිර පීඩනය

අධිරුධිර පීඩනය


Andrés Augusto Wiese Ríos (Lima, 16 de  diciembre de 1983) es un actor, empresario y modelo peruano, reconocido por el rol antagónico de Nicolás de las Casas en la serie de televisión Al fondo hay sitio.

Primeros años
Nació en San Borja en 1983, hijo de Augusto Fernando Wiese Moreyra y de Ana María Ríos Dunn. Es nieto del financista Augusto Felipe Wiese de Osma, presidente del Grupo Wiese, bisnieto del banquero Augusto N. Wiese, tataranieto del excanciller Felipe de Osma y Pardo y descendiente del diplomático José Gregorio Paz Soldán y del médico Melitón Porras Díaz.

Realizó estudios escolares en el Colegio Peruano Alemán Alexander von Humboldt. Posteriormente inició la carrera de arquitectura en la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, la cual no terminó por darle prioridad a sus talleres de actuación.

Carrera
Wiese debutó en la televisión como antagonista de la telenovela La pre en 2008 junto al cantante Deyvis Orosco. A fines del mismo tuvo una participación especial en Los Barriga junto a Julián Gil y Claudia Berninzon.

Inició su participación en la serie de televisión Al fondo hay sitio en 2009, en el papel de Nicolás de las Casas y emitido por América Televisión. Junto al elenco de la serie tuvo participaciones especiales en circos, teletones nacionales, y en el festival peruano de Nueva Jersey.

En 2011, participó en la obra de teatro La tercera edad de la juventud, bajo la dirección de Giovanni Ciccia, compartiendo roles con Oscar López Arias y Karina Jordán.

En 2013 actuó en la obra musical La chica de la torre de marfil, bajo la dirección de Sergio Galliani compartiendo roles con Tati Alcántara y Daniela Camaiora.

En el 2014 realizó su debut en el cine en la película A los 40 dirigida por Bruno Ascenzo en la cual compartió roles con Carlos Alcántara y Gianella Neyra. La película logró récords de recaudación, siendo la segunda película más vista en la historia del cine peruano. ese año también participó en la obra musical Blanca Nieves, el musical y en Toc Toc reemplazando a Bruno Ascenzo.

En 2015 participó en la obra teatral Full monty dirigida por Juan Carlos Fisher. En la que compartió roles con Renzo Schuller y Paul Vega.

En 2016 participó en la reposición de Full monty, grabó la película Cebiche de tiburón junto a Wendy Ramos la cual se estrena en el verano de 2017. Además, fue jurado del programa concurso Sueña quinceañera, conductor del casting en vivo Buscando a Guerrero junto a Almendra Gomelsky y concluye su participación en Al fondo hay sitio luego de 8 años al aire.

A inicios del 2017 estrenó la película Cebiche de tiburón y participó de la función especial de la obra Toc Toc. A mitad de ese año, participó en la obra teatral Hasta las patas dirigida por Juan Carlos Fisher y en la serie De vuelta al barrio.

En el 2018 participó en la miniserie Cumbia pop como Calé y en el reestreno de la obra Hasta las patas.

Durante el 2019 condujo el programa Escápate en la plataforma digital América TVGO y grabó la película Doblemente embarazada en donde comparte roles con Carolina Cano y Nicolás Galindo, que estrenó en 2020.

Controversias
El lunes 8 de junio de 2020, a través del programa de televisión Magaly TeVe, se expuso la denuncia de una menor de edad que acusó al actor de enviarle fotos desnudo por vía Instagram, sumado a ello, su excompañera de reparto, quien interpretaba el papel de Grace Gonzales en la serie televisiva Al fondo hay sitio, Mayra Couto, lo denunció de acoso sexual, alegando que intentó besarla en tres ocasiones. El actor se pronunció en su cuenta oficial de Facebook, negando tajantemente la acusación de la actriz. La fiscal Kelly Calderón anunció que el Ministerio Público abrió una investigación contra el actor.

Finalmente el 21 de octubre del 2021, Andrés Wiese publicó en su Instagram un mensaje diciendo: "La justicia tarda pero llega", por lo que se puede deducir que ganó el juicio por aquella denuncia.

Trayectoria

Televisión

Teatro

Cine

Premios y nominaciones

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Lima
Alumnado del Colegio Alexander von Humboldt
Actores de televisión de Perú
Actores de teatro de Perú
Modelos masculinos de Perú
Reparto de Al fondo hay sitio
Pardo (familia)
Porras (familia)
Familia Osma
Familia Lavalle
Familia Wiese
Actores masculinos de Perú

Andrés Wiese


An Oncidium povedanum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Pedro Ortiz Valdivieso, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Mark W. Chase och Norris Hagan Williams. An Oncidium povedanum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Oncidium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Oncidium

Oncidium povedanum


වියලි කාල වලදී වගා කටයුතු කරගැනීම සඳහා  ජලය රැස්කර ක්‍රමවත්ව යොදාගැනීම සඳහා ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඇති සංකීර්ණ ජල පද්ධති වැව නමින් හැඳින්වේ.

වැවේ ප්‍රභවය

කිසියම් පහත් කදු වෑටියක කපොල්ලක් තූළින් ගංගා,ඈළ,දොළ,පිහිටා තිබු අතර ඵ කපොල්ල වසා වේල්ලක් බෑද ඵ කදුවෑටියෙහි නෙරෑදෙක ඵකට සම්බන්ධ  කරමින් පෑරණි සිංහලයෝ වෑව් නිර්මාණය කළහ.

වාරි කර්මාන්තයේ විකාශනය
ක්‍රි.ව 6 වන සියවසේ ඡලාශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශවල ආර්ය ජනපද පිහිටා තිබු බව මහාවංශටීකාවේ දෑක්වේ.
වාරීමාර්ග මුල් යුගයේ ගම් වැව් ලෙස නිර්මාණය විය.
ක්‍රි.පු 6 වන සියවසේ විජය කුමරෑ සමඟ අනුරාධ ඈමතියා විසින් කුඩා ගම් වැවක් ඉදිකළ බව මහාවංශයේ දෑක්වේ.
වාරිකර්මාන්තයේ වර්ධනය නදී පද්ධතීන්  03 ක් මුල්කොට ගෙන විකාශනය විය.
මල්වතු ඔය සහ කලා ඔය නදී පද්ධතිය
වළවේ සහ කිරිඳි ඔය  නදී පද්ධතිය
අඹන් ගග සහ මහවෑලි  නදී පද්ධතිය
රජරට ශිෂ්ටාචාරයේ මල්වතුඔය හා කලා ඔය නදී පද්ධතිය මුල් කොටගෙන වර්ධනය වු වැව් හා ඈළ මාර්ග වන්නේ යෝධ වැව,මහගල්කඩවල වැව,නුවර වැව,මහකණදරා වැව,පත්තපාසාන වැව,මහවිලච්ච්ය වැව,කලා වැව වෑදගත්ය.
කලා වැවේ සීට අනුරාධපුරයේ තිසා වැවට ජලය ගෙන ගියේ සෑතපුම් 54 දිගැති ජය ගග මගිනි.
අඹන් ගග හා මහවැලි ගග මුල් කොට ගෙන වැව් අමුණු නිර්මාණය විය.
1වන අග්ග‍බෝධ් රඡු මහවෑලි ගග මුල් කොටගෙන මණිමේඛලා අමුණ හා මින්නේරි වැවේන් ගලා බසින විශාල ඇළක් නිර්මාණය කර ඇත.
මහවෑලි ගගේ ශාඛාවක් වු කඵ ගග හරහා හත්තොට අමුණ බෑදීමෙන් ගිරිතලේ  හා කන්තලේ වැව්වලට ජලය සපයා ඇත.
පරාක්‍රම සමුද්‍රය ,එරබඳු වැව, දුබුටුළු වැව,තෝපා වැව,යන වැව් 3 ඵක් කොට මහා පරාක්‍රමබාහු  රජ  විසින් නිර්මාණය කර ඇත.

වැව් වර්ගීකරණය

 ගම් වැව්
 මහ වැව්
 කුළු වැව්

වැවක අංග

ඉහත්තාව
තාවුල්ල සහ දෙණිකඩ
පෝටා වැටිය

පොටා වැටිය යනු කදු වලින් එන අපද්‍රව්‍ය වළක්වා ගැනීමට යොදන බැමි ය
වැව් පතුල සහ වැව් (ජල) තලය

වැව් පතුලේ කලිඟු බැමි යන නමින් හදුන්වන කළුගල් බැමි කීපයක් තිබේ මේවා යොදා ඇත්තේ පිටවාන කැඩී ගියහොත් එය රදවා ගැනීමටය. මේවා මතුපිටින් අපට නොපෙනේ.
සොරොව්ව

වැවකින් ජලය බෙදා හැරිමේදි ඇති විය හැකි පීඩනයෙන් වේල්ල ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමේදි උපක්‍රමයකි.
චූල වංශයට අනුව බිසෝ කොටුව කොටස් 03 කට බෙදන ලදී.
 වැවෙන් ළිඳට වතුර බසින බෝක්කුවක්
 ළිඳේ සිට බන්ධනයෙහි පිටස්තර බෑවුමෙහි අඩිය දක්වා බඳින ලද ජලය පිට කරන බෝක්කුවක්
 ගැඹුරට කනින ලද විවෘත ඝෘඡුකෝණාඝ්‍ර ළිඳක් හෝ වළක් බිසෝ කොටුවේ දිය මුදා හරිනු ලබන දොරෙහි විවරය ලොකු කිරීමට හෝ කුඩා කිරීමට ඔසවන හා පහත් කරන උපකරණය"මොහොල,නම්වේ.
පරණවිතාන මහතා දක්වන්නේ සොරොව්ව  හරහා බැහැර කරනු ලබන වැව් ජලයේ වේගය බිඳ දැමිම බිසෝ  කොටුවේ ප්‍රධාන කාර්යය බවයි
ඇළ
වැවක ඵක් රැස් කරගත් ජලය කුඹුරැ වලට බෙදා හැරිම සඳහා සකස් කර ගත් ක්‍රමයකි.
පැරණි වාරි ශිල්පින් ඇළමාර්ග පද්ධතියේ කාර්යය ප්‍රමාණය අනුව කොටස් 03 වර්ග කර ඇත.
 වැවේ ජලය කුඹුරු වලට බෙදා හැරිමේ ඇළ මාර්ගය.
 ගගක් හා ඔයක් හරහා අමුණක් බැඳඉන් ලබා ගන්නා ජලය වැවට ගෙන යාම සඳහා තනනු ලැබු ඇළ මාර්ගය
 බෙදාහරින ඇළමාර්ගයකින් ලියඳි වලට ජලය ලබා ගැනිමේ අතුරැ මාර්ගය
ලෝකයේ ව්ශිෂ්ඨ ජල තාක්ෂණයක් සැතපුමකට අගල් 1ක බෑවුමක,පළමු සැතපුම්18 තුළ ඇතිවනසේ අනුරාධපුර තිසා වෑව තෙක්
සැතපුම්54 දිගට කනින ලද යෝධ ඇළ ධාතුසේන රඡු කල තිබු තාක්ෂණික දියුණුවයි.
වෑ කන්ද (වැව් බැම්ම),රළපනාව
වැව් බැම්ම තුළින් ජලය සුරක්ෂිතව තබා ගැනිම සිදුවේ.(වැවක ජලය රඳවා ගැනීම)
සියළු වැව් වල වැව් බැම්මේ ඇතුල් පැත්ත මෙන්ම පිට පැත්තද බෑවුම් වන ලෙස ඉදි කොට ඇති අතර ඵසේ නිර්මාණය කොට ඇත්තේ ජල ධාරිතාව නිසාවැව් බැම්මට වන හානිය වළක්වා ගැනීමටයි.
ගොනුව:වැව්.jpg|400px|right|thumb|link=Special:FilePath/වැව්.jpg

රළපනාව භාවිතාවන්නේ වැව් බැම්ම දියපහරවල් වලින් සේදී යාම වලකාගැනීමටය. මෙය ගල් පතුරු වලින් සාදා තිබේ.
පිට වාන/ඇතුලුවාන - ඇළ මාර්ගය ජලයෙන් පිරැණු අවස්ථාවලදි අතිරික්ත ජලය ගලායාම සඳහා ගලින් නිර්මාණය කොට අැති වාන් ක්‍රම දැක්වේ.
ඇළ මාර්ගයෙහි වේගයෙන් ජලය ගලා යන බෑවුම් සහිත ස්ථානයෙහි වේල්ල ආරක්ෂා කිරිම සඳහා ගල්වාන් යොදා ඇත. ඇතුලවාන යොදාගන්නේ වැවට වෙනත් ඇළකින් ජලය ගැනීමටය.
බිසෝ කොටුව / සොරොව්ව
ශ්‍රී ලංකා වාරි තාක්ෂණයේ සැලකිය හැක්කේ මෙම බිසෝ කොටුවයි.සොරොව්ව මගින් පිට කරන ජලයේ පීඩනය අවම කිරීම මෙමගින් සිදු කරයි.සොරොව්වේ කාර්යභාර්යට ජල කරාමයක කාර්යභාරයට සමාන වේ.එමගින් ඉටු වන්නේ වැවෙහි ඇති ජලය අවශ්‍ය වෙලාවට අවශ්‍ය ප්‍රමාණයට වාරි ඇළට නිදහස් කිරීමයි. සොරොව්ව විවෘත කළ විට සොරොව් නළය දිගේ එන ජලයේ අධික පීඩනය, කොටසක් බිසෝ කොටුව හරහා මුදා හැරේ. පීඩනය අඩු වූ ජලය ඉදිරියට ගලා එන අතර සොරොව්ව අවසානයේදී නළ දෙකකට බෙදී වර්ගඵලය දෙගුණ වී ඇති නිසා පීඩනය තවත් අඩු වෙයි. වැව් හා බැදුණු අති විශිෂ්ඨ තාක්ෂණයක් ලෙස මෙය හදුනාගත හැක.සොරොව්වක කොටස් දෙකක් දක්නට ඇත. ගොඩ සොරොව්ව මඩ සොරොව්වසාමාන්‍ය තත්ත්ව යටතේ ගොඩ සො‍රොව්වෙන් ජලය නිකුත් කෙරෙන අතර ගොඩ සොරොව්වේ මට්ටමකට වඩා වැවේ ජලය අත්‍යාවශ්‍ය අවස්ථාවල වැවේ ජලය නිකුත් කිරීමට මඩ සොරොව්ව යොදා ගනියි.රොන් මඩ පිරී වැව අපවිත්‍ර වූ අවස්ථාවල වැව පිරිසිදු කිරීමට ද මඩ සොරොව්ව යොදා ගනියි. සළපනාව

වැව් බැම්මේ ආරක්ෂාව සදහා වැව් බැම්මේ ඇතුළු පැත්තේ පාදමේ කළුගල් පුවරු අතුරනු ලැබීම සිදුකරනු ලැබූවා. එමගින් වැව් බැම්ම ශක්තිමත් වූවා වගේම රළ පහරට වැව් බැම්ම සේදී යාමෙන්ද ආරක්ෂා වූවා. මේ ගල් පුවරු අතුරනු ලැබූ කොටස රළපනාව, රළ පැන්නුම, සළපනාව යන නම් වලින් හදුන්වනු ලබනවා.

පිටවාන

වැවක ජලය අධික වන විට එම අතිරික්ත ජලය පිටට ගලා යාමට ඉඩ සලසන ස්ථානය වූයේ පිටවානයි. බොහෝ අවස්ථාවලදී වැව් බැම්මේ කෙළවරක වැව් බැම්මේ මට්ටමට පහත් වන ලෙස ගල් පුවරු අල්වා කපොල්ලක් ලෙස මෙය සාදනු ලැබූවා. ජලය වැඩි කාලයේදී අතිරේක ජලය මින් බැස යාම හේතුවෙන් වැව් බැම්මට ඇතිවිය හැකි හානිය වැළකුණා.සොරොව්ව

වැවකින් ජලය පිටකරන විවරය සොරොව්ව නමින් හැදින්වෙනවා. විශාල වැව්වල සොරොව් කිහිපයක් පිහිටි අවස්ථා දැකිය හැකියි. සාමාන්‍ය වැවක සොරොව් දෙකක් දැකිය හැකි වනවා. වැවේ ජල මට්ටම ඉහල තිබෙන අවස්ථාවක ජලය සැපයිය හැකි ආකාරයෙන් ඉහළ ජල මට්ටමේ පිහිටි සොරොව්ව ගොඩ සොරොව්ව නමින් හදුන්වනු ලබනවා. මේ ගොඩ සොරොව්ව මගින් ජල මට්ටමට සාපේක්ෂ මට්ටමේ පිහිටි උස්බිම් ප්‍රදේශ සදහා ජලය සැපයිය හැකි වූවා.

වැව් බැම්මේ වඩා පහළ මට්ටමකින් පිහිටවනු ලැබූ සොරොව්ව මඩ සොරොව්ව නමින් හදුන්වනු ලබනවා. ජල මට්ටම බෙහෙවින් අඩුවූ කල ජලය ලබා ගන්නේ මේ මඩ සොරොව්වෙනි. වැවේ ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණ කටයුතු සදහා වැව හිස් කිරීමටද මඩ සොරොව්ව උපකාරී වේ. කුඩා වැව්වල දකින්නට ලැබෙන්නේ මඩ සොරොව්ව පමණි.

බිසෝකොටුව

පැරණි වැව් කර්මාන්තයේ විශිෂ්ඨ ශ්‍රී විභූතීය පෙන්නුම් කරන අංගයක් ලෙස බිසෝකොටුව හැදින්විය හැකිය. විශාල ගැඹුරු වැවකින් වැව් බැම්ම හරහා සොරොව්වක් මගින් ජලය පිටට ගලා යාමේදී ඇතිවන පීඩනය වැව් බැම්මට හානිකර විය හැකිය. වැව් ඉවුරත් ජල මට්ටමත් එක්වන තැන ගැඹුරු හතැරැස් ළිඳක හැඩයට තනා ඇති බිසෝකොටුව මගින් එකී පීඩනය පාලනය කරනු ලැබේ. බිසෝකොටුව යනු සොරොව්වෙහි ඉදිකල ප්‍රධාන කොටසකි.එම බිසෝකොටුව පතුලේ සිට වැව් කණ්ඩිය හරහා පිටට ජලය ගෙනයනු ලැබේ. අවශ්‍ය ප්‍රමාණයට හා අවශ්‍ය වේලාවට ජලය ලබා ගැනීම සදහා මෙම බිසෝකොටුවේ විශේෂ ජල පාලක උපකරණයක් යොදා තිබිණි. පැරණි සෙල්ලිපි ආදියෙහි මෙය මොහොල ලෙස හදුන්වා තිබේ.

මුල් යුගයේ තනන ලද බිසෝකොටු වලටත් පසු කාලයේ තනන ලද බිසෝකොටුවලත් දක්නට ඇති එකම වෙනස විශාලත්වයෙන් වැඩිවීම පමණි. තාක්ෂණික ලක්ෂණවල වෙනසක් සිදුවී නොමැත. එයින් පැහැදිලි වනුයේ බිසෝකොටුව මුල් අවස්ථාවේදීම තාක්ෂණික අංග අතින් පරිපූර්ණ නිර්මාණයක් වූ බවයි.

මුරගල

වැවක සොරොව්වේ හෝ ඒ අසල හෝ නාග රූපයක් සහිත මුරගලක් බොහෝවිට දක්නට ලැබේ. නාගයා ජලයට අධිගෘහිත යැයි පැරැන්නන් විසින් සලකන ලදී. ඒ නිසා වැව් පොකුණු ආදිය සෑදූ කළ ඒවාට ආරක්ෂාව සදහා නාග රූප ඉදිකරන ලද බව පෙනී යයි. එසේ නාග රූපයක් ඉදිකළ විට වැවේ ජලය අඩු නොවන බවට විශ්වාසයක් තිබුණි.

මේ මූලික නිර්මාණ එක්වීමෙන් සෑදුණු වැව අපේ පැරණි තාක්ෂණික නිපුණතාවය විදහා දක්වනු ලබයි. වැවක සියලූම අංග විදහා දක්වන වැවක් ලෙස මහා පරාක්‍රමබාහු රජතුමන් විසින් ඉදිකළ පරාක්‍රම සමුද්‍රය දැක්විය හැකියි.

වාරි මාර්ග නඩත්තුව හා පාලනය

 වැව් බැම්වල ගස් කැපීම
 ගවයන් දක්කා ගෙන යාම
 පැරණි බ්‍රහ්මීය ලිපි 2ක "අනගත""අවියක"යනු වාරි ඉංජිනේරැවෙකු හා ඇළවල් භාර නිලධාරියෙකි.-සෙනරත් පරණවිතාන. දොළොස්මහා වෑ තැන-වැව් පාලන සංවිධානය-(ඩබ්ලිව්.නිකලස්)
 IIවන සේන රජට අයත් ශිලා ලිපිය-"වෑවැඡෑරෑම්" (වාරි කර්මාන්ත සම්බන්ධ විධායක නිළධාරියෙකු)"වෙල් කැව්'''"නිළධාරියා-දිය පාලනය,නෙලීම්,සී සෑම

වාරිකර්මාන්ත සඳහා අය කළ බඳු

 දිය බද්ද
 දිය බදු
 ඇළමාර්ග

වැඩිදුර කියවීම්
 වැව් නාමාවලිය
 ඇල
 ගොවිතැන

මුලාශ්‍ර

 මහාවංශය ,පුථම භාගය හා ද්වීතිය භාගය,සංස්කරණය හික්කඩුවේ ශ්‍රි සුමංගලාභිධාන නායක ස්ථවිර,ප්‍රකාශනය ජාතික කෞතුකාගාර දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව,1996

 බස්නායක ඵච්.ටී,පුරාණ ශ්‍රි ලංකාවේ ජල ශිෂ්ටාචාරය ,1997,ඇම් ඩි ගුණසේන සහ සමාගම,217,කොළඹ11

 සෙනෙව්රත්න අනුරාධ,පුරාණ සිංහල වාරි සංස්කෘතිය,2001,ප්‍රියසිරි ප්‍රින්ටික් සිස්ටම්,නුගේගොඩ

 වාරි ශිෂ්ඨාචාරයක අභිමානය
ලංකා විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය, ලංකා ඉතිහාසය 1කාණ්ඩය 2 භාගය.

මේ අඩවිත් බ‍ලන්න

My Studies - මගේ ඉගෙනුම්
මහ විලච්චිය මහ වැවේ වැව් බැම්ම සේදී යාමට පත් වෙලා
ලංක‍ාවේ වාරි තාක්ෂණය
වාරිමාර්ග පද්ධතිය

වැව්
සාම්ප්‍රදායික සිංහල දැණුම
වැව්

වැව්


434 (CDXXXIV) pazartesi günü başlayan bir yıldır.

Olaylar
 Attila, Avrupa Hun Devleti'nin başına geçti.

Doğumlar

Ölümler
 12 Nisan - Maximianus, Konstantinopolis ekümenik patriği
 Helian Chang, Çin imparatoru

434


An Bulbostylis rarissima in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Charles Baron Clarke. An Bulbostylis rarissima in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bulbostylis, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Ethiopia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Bulbostylis

Bulbostylis rarissima


مدينة جِبْلة من المدن اليمنية المشهورة وكانت من العواصم ذات يوم وكانت تسمى مدينة النهرين لأنها تقع بين نهرين كبيرين. وترجع تسميتها بجبلة إلى عبد الله بن علي الصليحي الذي ابتناها سنة 458 هـ وسماها جبلة باسم يهودي كان يبيع الفخار في الموقع الذي بنيت عليه. تقع مدينة جبله إلى الجنوب من مدينة إب وتبعد عنها 6 كيلو متر وهي عاصمة للملكة أروى بنت أحمد الصليحي التي انتقلت إليها من صنعاء في العام 458 هـ وبقت فيها حتى وفاتها في العام 532 هـ حيث تم دفنها في الجامع الذي قامت هي ببناؤه.
الملكة أروى كانت ولادتها في العام 444 هـ وقد كفلها الأمير علي بن محمد الصليحي وزوجته الملكة أسماء بنت شهاب.

السكان
بلغ تعداد سكانها 15431 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الذي أجري عام 2004.

دار العز
تسمى أيضا دار السلطنة وقيل أنها كانت مكونة من 365 غرفة أي على عدد أيام السنة وقد اتخذته السلطانة أروى مقرا لحكمها، ولا زالت بقايا هذا الدار قائمة حتى الآن.وقد وجهت الدولة بإعادة ترميمة.

يقول الشاعر فيها:

الجامع الكبير

يقع المسجد فوق تل مرتفع وله مئذنتان يعود أقدم تاريخ للمئذنة الشرقية إلى عام 747 هـ، أما المئذنة الغربية فهي أكثر قدما من الشرقية ويحتمل أن تعود للقرن الخامس الهجري لما بها من زخارف معمارية مماثلة لما عرف في الدولة الفاطمية.

مكتبة جامع السيدة
من يدخل إلى المكتبة التي تحتل مكانا صغيرا داخل جامع السيدة أروى يشعر بالفخر لما وصلت إليه المرأة اليمنية في ذلك العصر المتقدم ليس فقط لأن الملكة أروى كانت تتربع على عرش اليمن، بل لأنه كان إلى جوارها نساء فاضلات عالمات ويتضح ذلك من خلال تلك المخطوطات والكتب والشروحات عليها والتي قمن بها نساء كن في عهد الملكة حيث سطرن بأناملهن الرقيقة تلك المخطوطات والكتب بخط جميل كدمال تلك الأسماء وعقولها النابغة في العلم والمعرفة وعلى رأسهن الملكة أروى التي كانت متضلعة وعالمة بأخبار التاريخ والعلوم المعرفية الأخرى ولها العديد من التعليقات والشروحات للعديد من الكتب تضمها هذه المكتبة.والآن يجري تحديث وترميم الجامع الكبير بمدينة جبلة من قبل فريق خبراء يتكون من الإخوة / المهندس عصام المخادري والمهندس محمد العواضي والمهندس عبد الجليل احمد ناجي والمهندس المشرف محمد الشميري ويهدف التأهيل والترميم إعادة الجامع إلى ما كان عليه أثناء تشييدة في عصر الدولة الفاطمية في اليمن والتي حكمت اليمن في القرنين الخامس والسادس الهجري وإزالة التدخلات التي حدثت بالأسمنت حديثا وبحيث يكون التأهيل بمادة القضاض اليمنية التراثية التي كان اليمنيون يستخدمونها قديما.

متحف الملكة

بجوار بقــايا دار العز أقيم متحف الملكة أروى التاريخي ويتكون من العديد من الغرف الصغيرة التي يضمها مبنى قديم ربما كان من ملحقات دار العز يتكون من عدة طوابق.
ويضم المتحف أجزاء من الأدوات والنماذج التي كانت مستخدمة في زمن الملكة أروى مثل أدوات الحرب والأكل والزراعة والحدادة والنجارة ومختلف المهن في ذلك العصر الذهبي الذي وصلت فيه الحرف الفنية إلى أعلى درجاتها وأزدهرت فيه إلى جانب من النماذج التي تصور طرق التدريس والمناهج التي كانت تدرس في عصر الملكة وكل ذلك مصحوبا بتعليقات تبرز تاريخ الملكة والأدوار التي قامت بها طيلة 55 عاما من حكمها لليمن بما في ذلك حياتها الخاصة وأقوالها ووصاياها.
وبرغم تواضع المتحف إلا أنه يظهر جزءا كبيرا في الجانب التعريفي لهذه الملكة لكل زائر وسائح.

انظر أيضا

 بنو صليح
 علي بن محمد الصليحي
 أروى بنت أحمد

روابط خارجية
 World Gazetteer:Yemen
 الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء بالجمهورية اليمنية
 المركز الوطني للمعلومات باليمن

مراجع

جبلة (اليمن)
أماكن مأهولة في محافظة إب
السياحة في اليمن
جبلة
مواقع أثرية في اليمن
مواقع التراث العالمي المؤقتة في اليمن

جبلة (اليمن)


Seowon (hangul: 서원; 書院) je naziv za tipične konfucijanske obrazovne institucijee koje se nalaze širom južnih pokrajina Korejskog poluotoka, a izgrađene su za dinastije Joseon. Bile su to privatne institucije u kojima su se kombinirali konfucijanski hram i pripremna škola za državni upravni ispit (gwageo), i obično su ih pohađala djeca aristokratskog yangban staleža. God. 2019. UNESCO je devet ovih škola u Republici Koreji upisao na popis mjesta svjetske baštine u Aziji jer "ilustriraju povijesni proces u kojemu je neokonfucijanizam iz Kine bio prilagođen korejskim uvjetima". Ovi samostani, izgrađeni od 15. do 19. stoljeća, pokazuju zajedničke funkcije seowona izražene u njihovom dizajnu: učenje, poštovanje učenjaka i interakcija s okolinom. Smješteni u blizini planina i izvora vode, njegovali su poštovanju prirode i oblikovanju uma i tijela. Zgrade u stilu paviljona bile su namijenjene lakšoj povezanosti s krajolikom.

Povijest i odlike

Seowoni se prvi put javljaju u Koreji u ranoj dinastiji Joseon. Izgrađeni su po uzoru na ranije privatne kineske akademije klasičnog učenja, poznate kao shuyuan, a koje su nastale u 8. stoljeću pod dinastijom T'ang, a kasnije su raspuštene pod dinastijom Yuan, da bi postale tek pripremne škole za carske ispite pod vladinom kontrolom.

Točna godina uvođenja seowona u Koreju se ne zna za sigurno, ali je 1418. god. kralj Sejong Veliki nagradio dva znanstvenika za organiziranje seowona u Gimjeu i Gwangjuu. Prvi sewon koji je primio kraljevsku povelju bio je Sosu seowon u Punggiju, kojim je predsjedao Toegye, a kralj Myeongjong mu je 1550. godine darovao viseću ploču.

Mnoge seowone su osnovali vodeći literati (seonbi) ili lokalne grupe yangbanskih obitelji koje su stvorile obrazovni sustav i opipljive građevine koje omogućuju potpuno predavanje učenju, poštovanju i interakciji. Na primjer, seonbi Ju Se-bong osnovao je Sosu seowon, koji je nastavio s radom dugo nakon njegove smrti. Neke od njih sagradili su sarimski učenjaci (moćna klasa učenjaka u Koreji) koji su se povukli u sela usred Korejske književne čistke sarima (sahwa) u 16. stoljeću i poslužili su kao njihova politička baza.

Sarimi su proučavali neokonfucijanske klasike i književna djela, nastojali razumjeti svemir i postati idealna osoba kroz povezanost s uglednim znanstvenicima i krajolikom. Najviše su se poštovali kasne suvremene neokonfucijanske figure i formirali su snažnu akademsku ložu kojom su na čelu bili ugledni učenjaci. Nadalje, lokalni literati dali su značajan doprinos širenju načela neokonfucijanizma kroz različite društvene i političke aktivnosti utemeljene u seowonima.

Većina sewona bila je zatvorena ediktom regenta Daewon-guna u burnim posljednjim godinama 19. stoljeća. God. 1864. zabranio je neovlaštenu izgradnju kanalizacije, a 1868. ukinuo je njihovo oslobađanje od poreza, te je napokon 1871. naredio da se zatvore svi osim nekolicine seowona. Provincijski yangbani su bili ogorčeni ovim mjerama, i to je jedan od razloga što je Daewon-gun bio protjeran s vlasti 1873. god; međutim, sewoni su ostali zatvoreni.

Popis lokaliteta

Izvori

 James Huntley Grayson, Korea: a religious history, Psychology Press, 2002. str. 193.

Svjetska baština u Južnoj Koreji
Konfucijanizam u Južnoj Koreji
Samostani

Seowon


Malonogometni klub Šibenik 1983, poznat i kao MNK Šibenik 1983, je hrvatski malonogometni klub iz Šibenika osnovan 2017. godine.

U svojoj premijernoj natjecateljskoj sezoni u sklopu 3. HMNL, klub se, osvojivši prvo mjesto, kroz kvalifikacije plasirao u 2. HMNL – Jug, koju u premijernoj sezoni 2018./19. okončava na petomu mjestu.

Dana 28. ožujka 2021., klub osvaja 2. HMNL – Jug u sklopu sezone , ukupnom pobjedom nad FC Split 6:4 (3:1, 3:3).

Klub je tom pobjedom ušao u kvalifikacije za nadopunu 1. HMNL zajedno s Futsal Pulom, MNK Brodom 035 i MNK Uspinjačom Gimkom. Nakon odigranih 6 utakmica, izbili su na 1. mjesto i plasirali se u 1. HMNL za sezonu  Za MNK Šibenik su u toj utakmici igrali: kapetan Vinko Jurković, Alen Protega, Ivan Škugor, Mario Žumberac, Ante Kosor, Danijel Knežević, Nenad Knežić, Franko Knez, Zvonimir Šućur, Ante Palavra, Frane Batinica, Mario Jermanović (g), Alen Milišić (g).

Unutarnje poveznice
 MNK Crnica Šibenik

Izvori

Šibenik 1983
Šibenik 1983

MNK Šibenik 1983


By-the-Danube Stadyumu, Sırbistan'ın Smederevo şehrinde çok amaçlı olarak inşa edilen bir stadyumdur.

By-the-Danube Stadyumu'nda çoğunlukla futbol müsabakaları yapılmaktadır. Sırbistan'ın FK Smederevo takımının maçlarını yaptığı stadyum, 29.000 seyirci kapasitelidir.

Sırbistan'daki stadyumlar

Smederevo Şehir Stadyumu


Balisto er en kiksebar overtrukket med chokolade, der bliver produceret af Mars Incorporated. Den består af digestivekiks i midten og forskellige typer mælkebaseret creme som topping, og dyppet i mælkechokolade.

Normalt bliver de solgt med to barrer i én pakke, men de sælges også i større pakker, hvor de enkelte kiksebarrer er pakket ind individuelt. De sælges i Irland, Østrig, Tyskland, Schweiz, Holland, Frankrig, Belgien, Slovenien og Italien. I foråret 2011 blev de introduceret i Storbritannien.

Da Balisto blev introduceret i 1981, blev den produceret af Mars Incorporated i Vesttyskland. Navnet kommer sandsynligvis fra dens kostfibre ("Ballaststoffe" på tysk).

Varianter
Balisto findes med adskillige forskellige smage, der hver har deres egen farve. Ikke alle varianter er tilgængelige i alle områder, hvor Balisto markedsføres. Delvis liste:
 Corn/Cereal-mix (orange indpakning): almindelig digestivekiks dyppet i chokolade
 Müsli-mix (grøn indpakning): mælkecreme med rosiner og hasselnødder
 Korn-mix (rød indpakning)
 Yoghurt og bær-mix (lilla indpakning): yoghurt-creme som topping med røde bær
 Mandler og honning-mix (gul indpakning)
 Cocos-mix (brun indpakning)
 Hasselnød (blå indpakning)
 Spekulatius-julekiks (mørkerød indpakning)
 Jordbæryoghurt-mix (rød indpakning) (tilgængelig i Tyskland)
 Yoghurt med hvid chokolade (white and pink wrapper) (Limited Edition)
 Yoghurt med jordbær og hvid chokolade (hvid og rød indpakning)(tilgængelig i Tyskland)

Eksterne henvisninger
 Balisto  hjemmeside på tysk

Chokolade
Kiks
Mars Incorporated
Etableret i 1981

Balisto


Lectistérnio () era uma antiga cerimônia propiciatória romana, que consistia em uma refeição oferecida a deuses e deusas. A palavra deriva de lectum sternere, "espalhar (ou "cobrir") um sofá". As divindades eram representadas por seus bustos ou estátuas, ou por figuras portáteis de madeira, com cabeças de bronze, cera ou mármore, e cobertas com cortinas. Essas figuras foram colocadas em um sofá (lectus), o braço esquerdo apoiado sobre uma almofada.

Império Romano

Lectistérnio


Persónubundin réttindi eru hvers kyns réttindi sem eru bundin við tiltekna persónu og eru ekki framseljanleg í lifandi lífi né erfast. Dæmi um slík réttindi er kosningaréttur í opinberum kosningum og ríkisborgararéttur.

Lögfræði

Persónubundin réttindi


ليلة النسر وبالإنجليزية Night of the Eagle هو فيلم روائي رعب بريطاني أبيض وأسود تم عرضه عام 1962 وإخراج سيدني هاريز ، ومقتبس عن قصة الزوجة المشعوذة لفرتيز لا بير وبطولة جانيت بلير وبيتر وينجاردي ومارجريت جونسون وأنتوني نيكولز وكاثلين بايرون وتدور حول أكتشاف أستاذ جامعي أثار أعمال شعوذة متورطة بها زوجته داخل حرم الجامعة

وصلات خارجية

السحر في السينما
أفلام أبيض وأسود بريطانية
أفلام أمريكية
أفلام أميركان إنترناشيونال بيكشرز
أفلام إنتاج 1962
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية في عقد 1960
أفلام بريطانية
أفلام رعب إنتاج 1962
أفلام رعب بريطانية
أفلام رعب خارق أمريكية
أفلام عن أكاديمية
أفلام كتب نصها السينمائي تشارليس بيومونت
أفلام مبنية على روايات أمريكية
أفلام مصورة في إنجلترا
نصوص سينمائية كتبها ريتشارد ماثيسون
أفلام بريطانية في عقد 1960

ليلة النسر (فيلم)


The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest er den tredje serie af Hanna-Barberas Jonny Quest. I Danmark blev tv-serien først sendt på TV2, og senere på Cartoon Network.

Figurer
 Jonny Quest
 Hadji
 Jessie Bannon
 Dr. Benton Quest
 Race Bannon
 Jeremiah Surd

Eksterne henvisninger

Jonny Quest
Amerikanske tv-serier fra 1990'erne
Tv-programmer fra Cartoon Network

The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest


Charles Alvin "Charlie" Beckwith (22 January 1929 – 13 June 1994) was a career United States Army Special Forces officer best remembered for creating Delta Force, the premier counterterrorism and asymmetrical warfare unit of the United States Army, based on his experience serving with the British Special Air Service. He served in the Indonesian Confrontation and the Vietnam War, and attained the rank of colonel before his retirement.

Early life and education
Beckwith was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on 22 January 1929, to Baptist parents Elza Dozier Beckwith (1894–1940) and Clara Eugenia Beckwith (; 1895–1973). He was an all-state football player for his high school team. He later enrolled in the University of Georgia, where he was a member of the Delta Chapter of the Sigma Chi fraternity, and ROTC. Beckwith lettered in football for the Bulldogs, and was approached by the Green Bay Packers for the 1950–51 NFL draft, but turned it down in favor of a military career. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army in 1952.

Career
After the Korean War (1950–1953) was over, then-Second Lieutenant Beckwith served as a platoon leader with Charlie Company, 17th Infantry Regiment, 7th Infantry Division in South Korea. In 1955, Beckwith was assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division as the commander of the combat support company of the 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment.

In 1958, after completing Ranger School, Beckwith joined the Special Forces and was assigned to the 7th Special Forces Group. In 1960, then-Captain Beckwith deployed to Laos for two years on Operation Hotfoot.

In 1962, Beckwith was sent as an exchange officer to the British 22 Special Air Service Regiment (SAS) where he commanded 3 Troop, A Squadron. He conducted war-time guerilla operations with the SAS during the Indonesian Confrontation in Malaya. In the jungle, he contracted a case of leptospirosis so severe that doctors did not expect him to survive. However, he made a full recovery within months.

Upon his return from England, Beckwith presented a detailed report outlining the Army's vulnerability in not having an SAS-type unit. For several years, Beckwith (who was still a Captain)  submitted and re-submitted the report to Army brass, only to be repeatedly thwarted in his efforts. Special Forces leadership at the time thought that they had enough on their hands and did not need the trouble of creating a new unit.

Meanwhile, as the 7th SFG(A) operations officer, Beckwith went to work revolutionizing Green Beret training. Special Forces at the time focused on unconventional warfare, and especially foreign internal defense: i.e. training indigenous personnel in resistance activities. But Beckwith recognized that, "Before a Special Forces Green Beret soldier could become a good unconventional soldier, he'd first have to be a good conventional one... Because I had commanded rifle and weapons companies, I was appalled on arriving in Special Forces to find officers who had never commanded conventional units." Beckwith restructured 7th's training, basically rewriting the book on Army special operations training from the real-world lessons he had learned with the SAS. Beckwith also had learned that a symbol of excellence like a beret had to be earned. Officers were being assigned to Special Forces straight out of war college with no prior special ops experience and were given their Green Beret on arrival. Beckwith instituted the hard-nosed and practical training standards that would lend themselves to the birth of the modern Q-Course.

In 1965, Beckwith volunteered to return to Vietnam where he was selected to command a high-priority special forces unit Project Delta (Operational Detachment B-52). He used his SAS experience to test and select men for long-range reconnaissance operations in South Vietnam. Following his promotion to Major, Beckwith led B-52 in the rescue of the besieged Special Forces camp at the Siege of Plei Me, during which President Lyndon B. Johnson requested to speak to him directly over radio in order to congratulate and encourage him; his iron-fist disciplinarian style of running of the camp is described in detail in CBS News Journalist John Laurence's book "The Cat from Hué".

Beckwith was critically wounded in early 1966 (he took a .50 caliber bullet through his abdomen). It was so bad that medical personnel triaged him as beyond help for the second time in his military career. This time, again, Beckwith made a full recovery and went on to overhaul the Florida Phase of the U.S. Army Ranger School. Beckwith transformed this phase from a scripted exercise based upon the Army's World War II experience, into a Vietnam-oriented jungle training regimen.

In 1968, following the Tet Offensive, then-Lieutenant Colonel Beckwith returned to Vietnam, taking command of the 2nd Battalion, 327th Infantry (Airborne), 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division. For the nine months that he commanded the 2/327 ("No Slack"), they saw many successes in combat operations, including: Huế, Operation Mingo, Operation Jeb Stuart, Operation Nevada Eagle (clearing the Huế-Phu Bai area), and Somerset Plain (sweeping the southern portion of the A Shau Valley). The toughest job the battalion had was clearing a seven kilometer stretch along Route 547, running west of Huế, eventually defeating the determined NVA defenders so that Fire Support Base Bastogne could be established.

From 1973 to 1974, Beckwith served as commander, Control Team "B" with the Joint Casualty Resolution Center (JCRC) located at RTAFB Nakhon Phanom, Thailand.  Under the Command of BG Robert C. Kingston, USA, JCRC's sole mission was to assist the Secretaries of the Armed Services to resolve the fate of servicemen still missing and unaccounted for as a result of the hostilities throughout Indochina. JCRC had a predominantly operational role—the carrying out of field search, excavation, recovery, and repatriation activities. He was promoted to colonel and in 1975 returned to Fort Bragg, North Carolina as the Commandant of the U.S. Army Special Warfare School.

Delta Force

Although Beckwith had presented proposals throughout the 1960s for a superbly elite, highly autonomous direct-action unit, the idea had sat on the shelf for a decade. Finally, in the mid-'70s, as the threat of international terrorism became imminent, Beckwith was appointed to form his unit. During the time Beckwith was forming his unit, counter-terrorism duties fell to the special forces community. The 5th Special Forces Group quickly formed the counter-terrorism unit Blue Light to fill in until Delta was fully operational.

1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta was then established on 17 November 1977, by Beckwith and Colonel Thomas M. Henry, as a counter-terrorism unit based on the model of the British Special Air Service, but with a greater focus on hostage rescue in addition to covert operations and specialized reconnaissance.

Beckwith led Delta Force's first mission, Operation Eagle Claw, the assault on the captured American embassy in Tehran, Iran early in 1980.  The mission was aborted due to helicopter failures during a sandstorm and a subsequent crash which led to several deaths.  After the 'debacle in the desert,' the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment was formed to provide aviation support to Delta Force and other special operations units. JSOC was also formed, directly based on Beckwith's recommendations during Senate investigations into the mission's failure.

Personal life
Beckwith was married to Katherine Beckwith, and they had three daughters. One of his daughters, Constance "Connie" Howe, is a former United States Army Reserve major and married to Delta Force Master Sergeant Paul R. Howe, who fought in the Battle of Mogadishu in 1993. His granddaughter, United States Air Force Technical Sergeant Mary Howe (now Daniell), is an aerial gunner of 4th Special Operations Squadron. A second daughter, Margaret Kazmierski, served as an army captain in the Judge Advocate Generals Corps (JAG) and her son Captain Zackery Kazmierski graduated from West Point in 2017.

Later life and death
Following his disappointment at the failure of the Iranian operation, Beckwith retired from the Army. He started a consulting firm and wrote a book about Delta Force. In 1994, he died at his home of natural causes.

Beckwith's remains are interred in the Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery, San Antonio, Texas.

Awards and decorations
Beckwith's awards include:

Other decorations
 Beckwith also earned 8 Overseas Service Bars, the Expert Infantryman Badge, the Special Forces Distinctive unit insignia, Combat Service Identification Badges from the 101st Airborne Division, 82nd Airborne Division, Army Special Forces, and Delta Force.

See also
 Richard Meadows
 List of Delta Force members

Citations

General references

1929 births
1994 deaths
Burials at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery
Delta Force
Members of the United States Army Special Forces
Military personnel from Atlanta
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Silver Star
Special Air Service officers
United States Army colonels
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War

Charles Alvin Beckwith


Joelle Marie Carter (* 10. Oktober 1972 in Thomasville, Georgia) ist eine US-amerikanische Schauspielerin und Model.

Leben und Karriere
Joelle Carter wuchs an wechselnden Orten in den USA auf, da ihr Vater bei der US-Armee war und häufig versetzt wurde. Nach dem Abschluss der Highschool in Albany, Georgia, begann sie als Model zu arbeiten und zog deshalb nach New York City. Dort nahm sie auch ein Studium der Theaterwissenschaft auf und begann als Schauspielerin zu arbeiten.

Ab Ende der 1990er Jahre spielte Carter Nebenrollen in Fernsehserien wie Law & Order oder Wonderland und Kinoproduktionen wie Der Pferdeflüsterer (1998), High Fidelity (2000) oder American Pie 2 (2001). Nach Episodenrollen in Fernsehserien wie CSI: Miami und Cold Case – Kein Opfer ist je vergessen war Carter von 2010 bis 2015 als Ava Crowder in 73 der insgesamt 78 Folgen der FX-Serie Justified zu sehen.

Carter ist verheiratet und hat eine Tochter. Sie lebt mit ihrer Familie in New York City und Los Angeles.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1996: Law & Order (Fernsehserie, Episode 6x20)
 1998: Der Pferdeflüsterer (The Horse Whisperer)
 1998: Just One Time
 1999: Suits
 2000: Wonderland (Fernsehserie, 6 Episoden)
 2000: High Fidelity
 2000: Swimming
 2000: Quarantäne (Quarantine)
 2000: Boys Life 3

 2001: American Pie 2
 2001: Final Jeopardy
 2002: It Had to Be You
 2002: The Perfect You
 2006: CSI: Miami (Fernsehserie, Episode 5x04)
 2007: Cold Case – Kein Opfer ist je vergessen (Cold Case, Fernsehserie, Episode 5x05)
 2009: Monk (Fernsehserie, Episode 8x08)
 2010–2015: Justified (Fernsehserie, 73 Episoden)
 2011: Body of Proof (Fernsehserie, Episode 2x01)
 2011: Grey's Anatomy (Fernsehserie, Episode 8x06)
 2013: A Perfect Man
 2013: Castle (Fernsehserie, Episode 6x07)
 2014: Jessabelle – Die Vorhersehung (Jessabelle)
 2014: Constantine (Fernsehserie, Episode 1x03)
 2015: The Week
 2016: Scandal (Fernsehserie, 4 Episoden)
 2016: Chicago P.D. (Fernsehserie, Episode 3x21)
 2017: Chicago Justice (Fernsehserie, 13 Episoden)
 2018: The Rookie (Fernsehserie, Episode 1x06)
 2018–2020: Dirty John (Fernsehserie, 5 Episoden)
 2019: She's in Portland
 2019–2020: Home Before Dark (Fernsehserie, 18 Episoden)
 2020: Chicago Med (Fernsehserie, Episode 5x10)
 2020: The Big Ugly
 2020: Punching and Stealing

Weblinks

Filmschauspieler
Model
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1972
Frau

Joelle Carter


Marijampolė County () is one of the ten counties in Lithuania. It is in the south of the country in the historical Suvalkija region, and its capital is the town Marijampolė. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Marijampolė County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.

Municipalities
Municipalities are:

References

External links
Social and demographic characteristics of Marijampolė County
Economy of Marijampolė County
Environment of Marijampolė County

Counties of Lithuania

Marijampolė County


كلية أصول الدين هي إحدى كليات جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية بالرياض، وكانت بدايتها قسماً في كلية الشريعة، وفي العام الجامعي (1394/1395هـ) أنشئ قسم ثانٍ في كلية الشريعة هو: «قسم الدعوة وأصول الدين» وبلغ عدد الطلاب الذين التحقوا به سنة افتتاحه (25) طالباً.

ثم أسست كلية أصول الدين في العام الجامعي (96/1397هـ) ونقل إليها قسم الدعوة وكلية أصول الدين من كلية الشريعة، بعد ذلك وفي عام (1401/1402هـ) قسمت الكلية إلى عدة أقسام علمية.

وفي العام الجامعي (1404هـ) صدر قرار المجلس الأعلى للجامعة بالموافقة على نقل قسم الدعوة من كلية أصول الدين إلى كلية الدعوة والإعلام.

وفي (6 / 12 / 1419هـ) صدر قرار مجلس التعليم العالي بدمج الأقسام العلمية الثلاثة التي تتضمنها الكلية في مرحلة البكالوريوس (القرآن الكريم وعلومه + السنة النبوية وعلومها + العقيدة والمذاهب المعاصرة) في قسم عام يسمى (أصول الدين). وبقيت الأقسام الثلاثة في الدراسات العليا في الكلية مستقلة.

وتقدم الكلية سبعة برامج أكاديمية هي:
 بكالوريوس أصول دين.
 ماجستير في القرآن الكريم وعلومه.
 ماجستير في السنة النبوية وعلومها.
 ماجستير في العقيدة والمذاهب المعاصرة.
 دكتوراه في القرآن الكريم وعلومه.
 دكتوراه في السنة النبوية وعلومها.
 دكتوراه في العقيدة والمذاهب المعاصرة.

جامعات وكليات في السعودية

كلية أصول الدين بجامعة الإمام


Glória Rodríguez Sánchez (Torre-Pacheco, 6 de março de 1992) é uma ciclista profissional espanhola especialista em pista ainda que desde 2017 dedica-se quase exclusivamente ao ciclismo de estrada. Devido ao seus resultados na estrada -2.ª no Campeonato da Espanha Contrarrelógio e 4.ª no Campeonato da Espanha em Estrada 2016- foi a última incorporação do Movistar feminino no ano da criação da equipa em 2018.

Trajetória desportiva
Antes de da estreia como profissional ganhou em categoria júnior o Campeonato da Espanha Contrarrelógio e em Estrada 2009 e terceira e segunda respectivamente nessas provas em 2010. No entanto, orientou a sua carreira ao ciclismo em pista sendo uma das habituais da Seleção Espanhola nas corridas de fundo. Foi 10.ª em provas de Perseguição por Equipas dos Campeonatos Europeus de Pista em 2010 e 2011.

Em 2012 estreia como profissional com o Bizkaia-Durango. No entanto, umas temporadas irregulares abandonando a maioria de provas internacionais produziram que não renovasse seu contrato. Em 2014 disputou algumas corridas internacionais de ciclismo de estrada com a seleção espanhola sendo selecionada para o Campeonato Europeu sub-23. De novo voltou ao profissionalismo da mão do BZK Emakumeen Bira em 2015 e como acabou com solvência muitas provas internacionais e ganhou corridas nacionais amadoras de ciclismo de estrada alinhou pelo Lointek em 2016 -onde conseguiu ser campeã da Espanha Perseguição, 2.ª no Campeonato da Espanha Contrarrelógio e 4.ª no Campeonato da Espanha em Estrada 2016-. Em 2018 foi o último contrato do Movistar feminino. Desta forma converteu-se na única ciclista espanhola que tem corrido em todas as equipas espanholas UCI Team Feminino, em teoria profissionais, da década dos anos 2010.

Palmarés

Pista
 2011 '''(como amador)
 3.ª no Campeonato da Espanha Perseguição
 3.ª no Campeonato da Espanha Scratch

 2012
 2.ª no Campeonato da Espanha Perseguição

 2015
 3.ª no Campeonato da Espanha Perseguição

 2016
 1.ª no Campeonato da Espanha Perseguição
 2.ª no Campeonato da Espanha Perseguição por Equipas (fazendo equipa com Cecilia Sopeña, Maria Pilar Nuñez e Irene Méndez)
 2.ª no Campeonato da Espanha Pontuação

 2018
 1.ª no Campeonato da Espanha Perseguição

Estrada
 2016
 2.ª no Campeonato da Espanha Contrarrelógio

 2018
 2.ª no Campeonato da Espanha em Estrada

 2019
 3.ª no Campeonato da Espanha Contrarrelógio

Resultados em Grandes Voltas e Campeonatos do Mundo
Durante a sua carreira desportiva tem conseguido os seguintes postos nas Grandes Voltas femininas e nos Campeonatos do Mundo em estrada:

—: não participaAb.: abandono
X: edições não celebradas

Equipas
 Bizkaia-Durango (2012-2013)
 BZK Emakumeen Bira (2015)
 Lointek (2016-2017)
 Movistar Team (2018-2021)

Referências e notas

Ligações externas

 Ficha de Glória Rodríguez (Movistar Team)
 Ficha de Glória Rodríguez (sitiodeciclismo)
 Ficha de Glória Rodríguez (cqranking)

Ciclistas da Espanha
Ciclistas de pista da Espanha

Gloria Rodríguez Sánchez


Télévision par câble est le neuvième épisode de la vingt-troisième saison de la série télévisée d'animation américaine South Park. 306e épisode au total de la série, il a été diffusé en premier sur Comedy Central aux États-Unis le 4 décembre 2019.

L'épisode est centré sur le personnage de Scott Malkinson et présente une séquence de titres d'ouverture à cet effet. Dans l'histoire, les efforts de Scott pour courtiser un nouveau camarade de classe dépendent de sa capacité à acquérir l'accès au streaming, ce que son père, un technicien paresseux de la société de câblodistribution, déteste. L'intrigue parodie la concurrence entre la télévision par câble traditionnelle et les médias en streaming, et fait référence à la série Disney+ The Mandalorian, ainsi qu'à l'acquisition en octobre 2019 par HBO Max des droits de streaming de South Park précédemment détenus par Hulu .

Synopsis
L'élève Scott Malkinson demande à son père Clark, un technicien du câble du comté de Park, s'ils peuvent s'abonner au service de streaming Disney+. Clark le réprimande pour avoir à nouveau fait cette demande, lui disant que la télévision par câble dont ils disposent est suffisante et qu'il est fatigué de la popularité croissante des médias en streaming. Alors que Clark part en trombe au travail, Scott, qui souffre de diabète de type 1, se rend compte que le stress de la diatribe de son père a fait monter sa glycémie et il s'auto-administre une dose d'insuline.

À l'école élémentaire de South Park, la classe de CM1 apprend que la nouvelle élève, une fille nommée Sophie Gray, souffre également de diabète. Comme les amis de Scott le ridiculisent toujours parce qu'il souffre de diabète, Scott pense qu'elle est parfaite pour lui et déclare qu'il est amoureux d'elle. Lorsque les autres garçons expriment également un intérêt pour elle, Scott décide avec colère qu'il ne leur permettra pas de gâcher cette opportunité pour lui. Il commence à saboter les efforts des autres garçons pour la courtiser afin de la courtiser lui-même. Lorsqu'il apprend qu'elle est une grande fan de la série Disney+ The Mandalorian, il feint de s'y intéresser. Lorsqu'elle suggère de regarder le prochain épisode chez Scott, Scott accepte, bien qu'il n'ait pas Disney+.

Clark reçoit un appel pour un travail. Malgré le fait que les affaires souffrent en partie à cause des plaintes des clients concernant la lenteur du service, Clark passe sa journée tranquillement à déjeuner au parc et à jouer au bowling. Ce laxisme et cette procrastination dont il fait preuve face à des obligations importantes lui servent de bâillon récurrent dans l'épisode. Lorsqu'il arrive à la résidence de Stephen et Linda Stotch 15 minutes après la fin d'une fenêtre de service estimée à cinq heures, un Stephen Stotch irrité se plaint et menace de quitter le câble au profit du streaming. Lorsque Scott demande à nouveau à son père un abonnement Disney+ pour son rendez-vous avec Sophie, Clark refuse à nouveau et contacte ses collègues pour comploter pour saboter les services de streaming à South Park, bien qu'il s'arrange pour les rencontrer à un moment donné pendant une fenêtre de quatre heures.

Clark rallie ses collègues au sujet des dommages que le streaming a causés à leur entreprise. Il souligne également que les services de streaming utilisent le câble qu'ils ont posé dans toute la ville et dit qu'ils devraient perturber cette infrastructure afin de montrer aux citadins à quel point ils en ont encore besoin. Lorsque les collègues de Clark sont d'accord, il délègue des tâches à chacun d'eux, mais dit qu'ils devraient se rencontrer à un moment donné au cours d'une fenêtre de trois heures. Les câbleurs profitent de cette fenêtre en se livrant à un certain nombre d'activités personnelles. Cela met Clark en colère, qui leur dit à plusieurs reprises qu'ils ne devraient pas prendre l'habitude de respecter les rendez-vous à la toute fin des fenêtres pendant plusieurs heures, mais Clark continue néanmoins cette habitude lui-même.

Scott achète une connexion Disney+ au marché noir pour son rendez-vous avec Sophie, mais alors que Clark et ses collègues vandalisent les lignes de câble qui traversent la ville, le compte de Scott cesse de fonctionner. Sophie suggère d'aller chez Jimmy Valmer, où leurs autres camarades de classe sont réunis pour regarder le spectacle, bien que Scott craigne que cela ne menace ses tentatives de courtiser Sophie. Cependant, le service de streaming de Jimmy fonctionne également mal, comme ceux de tous les autres habitants de la ville. Lorsque les garçons tentent de plaire à Sophie, Scott brandit de manière menaçante plusieurs aiguilles hypodermiques, avertissant les autres garçons de rester à l'écart de sa "petite amie", sous prétexte qu'elle est diabétique comme lui. Sophie, cependant, informe Scott que le diabète ne fait pas d'elle sa petite amie, car sa vie ne se résume pas à ça. Cela incite un Scott abattu à se retirer dans une aire de jeux pour se morfondre. Sophie le suit et le rejoint pour compatir avec lui sur les difficultés que les diabétiques comme eux vivent au quotidien. Elle lui dit qu'elle est contente d'avoir maintenant un ami qui comprend ces questions, et que même si elle a raté le dernier épisode de The Mandalorian, elle aime un peu "The Scott Malkinson Show".

Un intertitre de fin informe le spectateur que les droits de diffusion de The Scott Malkinson Show sont désormais disponibles, avec un numéro de téléphone réel avec lequel les acheteurs potentiels peuvent contacter Trey Parker, à la grande frustration de Clark.

Réception critique
Ryan Parker de The Hollywood Reporter a noté la " direction ultra méta " de l'épisode, en particulier la plainte de Clark Malkinson concernant les émissions manquant d'idées qui emploient des émissions dans les émissions, une pratique que Parker a observée que South Park avait faite tout au long de la saison, y compris dans cet épisode. . Parker pensait que l'intertitre de clôture était le meilleur bâillon de l'épisode. Il a raconté que le numéro de téléphone fourni était un vrai numéro de Fairplay, Colorado et menait à un enregistrement de Trey Parker offrant des options d'achat pour la fausse série vue pendant la saison; une référence à l'acquisition alors récente de 500 millions de dollars par HBO Max des droits de diffusion américains de South Park, qui étaient auparavant détenus par Hulu.

Notes et références

Liens externes

 "Câble de base" . Studios du parc du sud. 4 décembre 2019.
 La carte de titre et le numéro de téléphone du Scott Malkinson Show, South Park sur Twitter. 4 décembre 2019.
 "Câble de base" . Tomates pourries.

The Mandalorian
Disney+
Épisode de South Park, saison 23

Télévision par câble (South Park)