BPM 37093 (V886 Centauri) is a variable white dwarf star of the DAV, or ZZ Ceti, type, with a hydrogen atmosphere and an unusually high mass of approximately 1.1 times the Sun's. It is  from Earth in the constellation Centaurus and vibrates; these pulsations cause its luminosity to vary. Like other white dwarfs, BPM 37093 is thought to be composed primarily of carbon and oxygen, which are created by thermonuclear fusion of helium nuclei in the triple-alpha process.

Structure
In the 1960s, it was predicted that as a white dwarf cools, its material should crystallize, starting at the center. When a star pulsates, observing its pulsations gives information about its structure. BPM 37093 was first observed to be a pulsating variable in 1992, and in 1995 it was pointed out that this yielded a potential test of the crystallization theory. In 2004, Antonio Kanaan and a team of researchers of the Whole Earth Telescope estimated, on the basis of these asteroseismological observations, that approximately 90% of the mass of BPM 37093 had crystallized. Other work gives a crystallized mass fraction of between 32% and 82%. Any of these estimates would result in a total crystalline mass in excess of 5 kilograms. As the white dwarf has a radius of , this means that the core of BPM 37093, nicknamed Lucy, is likely one of the largest diamonds in the local region of the universe.

Crystallization of the material of a white dwarf of this type is thought to result in a body-centered cubic lattice of carbon and/or oxygen nuclei, which are surrounded by a Fermi sea of electrons.

Nickname and press coverage
Since a diamond also consists of crystallized carbon, the star BPM 37093 has been nicknamed Lucy after the Beatles' hit Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds.

In popular culture
In John C. Wright's science fiction novel Count to a Trillion and its sequels, V886 Centauri is called the "Diamond Star", after the crystalline carbon core. In the story of the novel, it becomes the destination of the first human interstellar journey after it is discovered that the star, a ten-decillion-carat diamond of degenerate matter, is not matter at all, but antimatter. An alien artifact called "The Monument" is found orbiting it, which increases human knowledge of mathematics immensely.
In Jim Jarmusch's 2013 film Only Lovers Left Alive, Tilda Swinton's character Eve tells Tom Hiddleston's character Adam about BPM 37093, describing it as a "diamond up there the size of a planet" that "emits the music of a gigantic gong."
The webcomic Abstruse Goose provides a brief fictionalized account of the discovery of the carbon core's crystalization (with the addition of some raccoons to the story), "Cosmic Backyard."

See also
 List of star extremes
 Extraterrestrial diamonds
 Cullinan Diamond, the largest diamond found on Earth

References

External links
 BPM 37093 (Diamond Star)
 Largest diamond in galaxy predicts future of solar system, Pravda.ru, December 26, 2007.

Centaurus
Pulsating white dwarfs
Centauri, V886

BPM 37093


Wilson Ganga (Lunda Sul, 26 de julho de 1992) é um empresário angolano do ramo das novas tecnologias, fundador de várias empresas em Angola, entre as quais a pioneira Tupuca. Distinguido com o prémio Empreendedor do Ano, em 2017, pelos Prémios Sirius, da empresa Deloitte e nomeado uma das pessoas mais influentes do ecossistema africano de startups, pela revista Digest Africa, em 2021.

Biografia
Wilson Ganga (Lunda Sul, 26 de julho de 1992) é um empresário angolano do ramo das novas tecnologias, fundador de várias empresas em Angola, entre as quais a pioneira Tupuca. Distinguido com o prémio Empreendedor do Ano, em 2017, pelos Prémios Sirius, da empresa Deloitte, Wilson Ganga foi também nomeado uma das pessoas mais influentes do ecossistema africano de startups, pela revista Digest Africa, em 2021.

Percurso
Wilson nasceu em Angola mas foi nos Estados Unidos da América que cresceu e traçou o seu percurso académico. Antes de iniciar a faculdade, aos 17 anos, criou aquela que viria a tornar-se na sua primeira empresa, a Ambitious Stars, focada na venda de roupas e pulseiras. Um ano depois, ainda nos EUA, criou a Tranzind Delivery, empresa de entrega de refeições ao domicílio. À revista digital Link to Leaders, Wilson Ganga explica que a empresa surgiu enquanto terminava um Mestrado em Empreendedorismo Social em São Francisco, na Califórnia, e deparou-se com a necessidade de explorar soluções de entregas ao domicílio.

Formado em Gestão de Negócios, pela Universidade norte-americana Saint Francis, em 2015 Wilson juntou-se aos jovens empreendedores e amigos Erickson Mvezi, Patrice Francisco e Sydney Teixeira, para lançar a Tupuca, primeira empresa de entrega de refeições, bens e serviços em Angola. A empresa é considerada uma das startups mais financiadas e bem sucedidas do país.

Como fundador, Wilson é também o responsável pelo desenvolvimento das empresas G-Smart Solutions, no ramo do Marketing Digital; T'Leva, empresa de transporte de pessoas; os restaurantes de take away Poke Way e Rice Away e a PayPay Africa, uma solução de pagamentos digital.

Reconhecimentos e prémios
Em 2017, Wilson viu a Tupuca receber o prémio Seedstars World, em Angola.

No mesmo ano, venceu o Prémio Sirius na categoria de Empreendedor do Ano, tendo sido nomeado novamente em 2018, na mesma categoria.

Ligações externas
 App-based shopping grows in Angola, entrevista da BBC a Erickson Mvezi e Wilson Ganga.

Empreendedorismo
Angolanos
Tecnologia
Nascidos em 1992

Wilson Ganga


Anna Le Bail, née le  et originaire de l'île Hoëdic et morte le  à Saint Philibert dans sa , est pendant quarante ans la gardienne du phare de Kernevest Gwardez-tour-tan ar Cheac'h situé à Saint-Philibert (Morbihan), de 1925 à sa mort. La commune a donné son nom à l'avenue qui mène à la plage de Kernarvest.

Biographie
La gestion du phare est confiée à sa famille depuis son ouverture le . Vincent Le Stang, le grand-père d'Anna Le Bail en a été le premier gardien en 1855, son fils a hérité de son poste puis sa petite-fille, sœur d'Anna. Au décès de cette dernière en 1925, Anna Le Bail, célibataire sans enfant, hérite de la gestion du phare à la suite de sa sœur.

Anna Le Bail a été témoin en 1931 du naufrage du St Philibert entraînant un conflit social et politique incitant les habitants de l'île à s'installer sur le continent. Le navire à vapeur transportant plus de , syndicalistes et militants libres penseurs accompagnés de leurs enfants, a sombré dans la nuit du  au retour d'une excursion sur l'Île de Noirmoutier. Ce naufrage la conforte dans sa vocation de consacrer sa vie à son phare.

Pour compléter son modeste revenu,  par mois comprenant l'électricité et le logement, Anna Le Bail s'adonne à l'ostréiculture. Chaque jour, après avoir procédé à un entretien minutieux de son phare, elle se rend sur la plage de Kernevar pendant quelques heures pour relever les naissains rassemblés en écloserie où ils se développeront pendant douze mois avant d'être dégusté par les amateurs d'huîtres de Bretagne.

Anna Le Bail s'investit dans la commune de Saint Philibert en exerçant comme crieur public, chargée à la sortie des messes dominicales d'annoncer les informations municipales. Elle siège au conseil municipal à partir de 1945, en devient la doyenne jusqu'à sa mort en 1965. Le  le maire de Saint-Philibert lui remet la médaille d'honneur des Travaux Publics en présence du député de région, du sous-préfet de Lorient, du recteur de la paroisse, de l'adjoint au maire de Lorient et du conseil municipal au grand complet.

Dévouée, Anna Le Bail accompagne les mères pendant leur grossesse, fait aussi office de sage-femme lors des accouchements, sait donner les premiers soins au bébé. Elle assiste le médecin traitant, sait faire une piqûre si nécessaire.

Anna Le Bail aime la compétition, elle participe aux courses de vélo organisées à St Philibert et gagne le  des régates en 1951 (l'équivalent de l'aviron), elle a alors .

Témoin de l'évolution industrielle
Dans une vidéo interview archivée par l'Ina datant du , Anna Le Bail explique les évolutions des techniques d'éclairages. À cette époque, Il était avantageux pour l'état français de nommer des femmes gardiennes de phares car elles étaient plus consciencieuses tout en étant payées cinq à six fois moins cher qu'un homme. Entre 1914 et 1939 dans le département du Morbihan, un tiers des gardiens nommés sont des femmes. Depuis les années 2000, le phare est automatisé et géré par des contrôleurs des travaux publics.

Le phare a fonctionné au pétrole jusqu'en 1952 avec des rondes de nuit obligatoires par tous les temps pour veiller à l'éclairage. Officiellement le phare a bénéficié des progrès de l'électricité en 1888, il doit émettre deux éclats blancs toutes les dix secondes.

Doté d'un feu fixe à son ouverture remplacé par un faisceau tournant quelques années plus tard, le phare a ensuite fonctionné à l'électricité. Il est équipé d'un radiophare en 1912 et en 1932 de l'installation d'un diaphone. En 1939, le phare est doté des nouvelles lanternes présentées à l'exposition universelle de 1937, en pratique un nouveau feu mais possédant les mêmes caractéristiques. Anna Le Bail parcourait toutes les nuits par tous les temps, les  qui séparait sa maison du phare pour veiller à son allumage.

Un langage des phares est créé grâce aux faisceaux tournants irréguliers permettant aux navigateurs de reconnaître les phares de nuit et de se situer sur la carte maritime.

Le phare de Kernevest est inscrit au monument historique le  son classement est demandé en . Il abrite aujourd'hui le musée des phares d'Ouessant.

Hommage
La radio maRTS a immortalisé la voix d'Anna Le Bail par un podcast de l'émission Point de Fuite. Un mixage de deux reportages sur les gardiennes de phares Marie-Paule Le Guen, phare de Pontusval et Anna Le Bail.

Une plaque commémorative en souvenir d'Anna Le Bail est scellée sur la stèle taillée en forme de menhir érigée sur le bord de la côte à Kernevest. Il s'agit d'un don de la commune aidée par de généreux donateurs, en .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Phare de Kernevest

Liens externes

Naissance en juillet 1890
Naissance dans le Morbihan
Décès en septembre 1965
Décès dans le Morbihan
Gardien de phare
Rameuse française (aviron)
Décès à 75 ans

Anna Le Bail


جامعة المدينة العالمية (بالإنجليزية: جامعة المدينة العالمية) (اختصارا: MEDIU) مؤسسة تعليمية مستقلة غير ربحية، ومقرها ماليزيا وهي مرخصة من وزارة التعليم العالي الماليزية (MOHE)، وجميع برامجها تتم الموافقة عليها من هيئة الاعتمادات الماليزية (MQA).

النشأة والتاريخ

تأسست منذ العام 2006م.
في 20 يونيو 2007 استكملت جامعة المدينة العالمية جميع إجراءات الاعتماد النهائي والتسجيل من قبل وزارة التعليم العالي الماليزية (MOHE).
-	في عام 2008 التحقت أول دفعة بالجامعة وافتتحت الجامعة المزيد من الكليات والبرامج الدراسية شملت مجالات: العلوم الإسلامية – اللغات – العلوم المالية والإدارية – الحاسب الآلي وتقنية المعلومات- مركز اللغات.
-	وبدأت جامعة المدينة العالمية الإجراءات التأسيسية للبدء بالتعليم الجامعي المباشر في تخصصات علمية وتطبيقية جديدة شملت علوم الحاسب الآلي، والعلوم المالية والإدارية. عام 2010 بداية التعليم المباشر والتحاق أول دفعة في شهر سبتمبر 2010.
-	في عام 2011 تم تخريج أول دفعة من طلاب جامعة المدينة العالمية في كلية اللغات والعلوم الإسلامية.

رئيس الجامعة
يرأس جامعة المدينة العالمية سعادة الدكتور عبد الله بن سعد العريفي مدير الجامعة.

الكليات
تقدم الجامعة جميع مراحل تعليم عالي، مرحلة البكالوريوس والماجستير والدكتوراه، إضافة إلى دورات قصيرة في مجالات شتى.

كلية العلوم الإسلامية
تقدم كلية العلوم الإسلامية برامجها الخاصة كالدراسات الجامعية والدراسات العليا ضمن برامج جامعة المدينة العالمية المعتمدة، وتهدف إلى خدمة العلوم الإسلامية وتتميز برامج الكلية بالجودة العلمية والتنوع في التخصصات وعصرية عرض المواد التعليمية حيث استفادت كثيرا من الوسائل التقنية في ربط الطالب بالمواد التعليمية وجعلها في قالب يسهل له الاستفادة من المعلومات بطريقة مشوقة .وقد أعدت هذه البرامج بهدف تخريج الطالب الملم بدينه والواعي بثقافة عصره، ليؤدي دوره في الدعوة إلى الله على علم وبصيرة.

وتحتوي الكلية على أربعة أقسام رئيسة:

 قسم التفسير وعلوم القرآن.
 قسم علوم الحديث.
 قسم الفقه وأصوله.
 قسم الدعوة وأصول الدين.

كلية اللغات
تهدف الكلية إلى نشر علم اللغات وآدابها وذلك لأهميته للمجتمع، وإيصال المعرفة بطريقة سهلة ميسّرة وتقنيات متطوّرة لخدمة المجتمعات المحليّة والدّولية، وتزويدها بطاقات شبابية مثمرة. ترسيخ علوم اللّغات وآدابها، وترسيخ المفاهيم العلمية للبحث الأكاديمي مع مراعاة حاجة المجتمع لبرامج الكلية العلمية والعملية. تطوير علوم اللغات وآدابها، وإعداد المتخصِّصين القادرين على دفع عجلة التّطوّر نحو الأمام باتباع أفضل السّبل والوسائل. تكوين الملكة القوية لدى الطلاب، وإعدادهم باحثين ومفكِّرين في علم اللّغات يتميّزون بالقدرة العالية، والمهارات اللاّزمة لممارسة نشاطهم العلمي والبحثي والفكري في المجتمع؛ وذلك باعتماد مبدأ الجودة الشّاملة في التّعليم والتّدريب، وتنمية المهارات الفنية والتّقنية اللاّزمة في مجال تفعيل المعرفة، وربطها بتطبيقاتها العلمية.

كلية العلوم المالية والإدارية
تأسست كلية العلوم المالية والإدارية لجامعة المدينة العالمية، في شهر يوليو من عام 2008م بعد الحصول على الموافقات الرسمية بشأنها من وزارة التعليم العالي في ماليزيا. وتعمل الكلية منذ ذلك الوقت على تقديم البرامج الأكاديمية المتميزة في العلوم المالية والإدارية والاقتصادية، لرفد مسيرة التنمية والبناء الحضاري بالعناصر القيادية الكفوءة علمياً وادارياً وتقنياً، لمواكبة روح العصر والتفاعل مع مستجداته في المكان والزمان المناسبين، وفي اطار التوازن الروحي والمادي للبرامج العلمية والأكاديمية لصياغة المنهجية المتكاملة والرؤية الواضحة للطلاب الدارسين، بغية صناعة وتحسين دائرة المقتربات للحافات الأمامية للمستقبل في لحظة الحاضر.

كلية الحاسب الآلي وتكنولوجيا المعلومات
تقدم الكلية برامج تعليمية عالية الجودة لتكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات تتيح للأفراد تجربة النجاح في التعلم من خلال أحدث تقنيات تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات وأحدث المواد. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، تقدم برامج وتخصصات علمية متكاملة لمواجهة تحديات السوق واحتياجاته.

كلية التربية
تأسست كلية التربية في العام 2010، وتقدم الكلية حاليًا عددًا من البرامج الأكاديمية على مستوى الدراسات العليا (الماجستير والدكتوراه) من خلال التعليم المباشر والتعليم عن بعد. والبرامج التي تقدمها الكلية هي: درجة الماجستير في كل من التخصصات التالية: المناهج والتدريس، أصول التربية، وعلم النفس التربوي. درجة الدكتوراه في الفلسفة في كل من التخصصات التالية: المناهج والتدريس، وأصول التربية، وجميعها حصلت على الاعتماد الكامل من هيئة الاعتماد الماليزية MQA. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، هناك أيضًا دبلوم الدراسات العليا في التربية (تعليم عن بعد) وهو ما يعادل تقريبا درجة الماجستير التي تمنحها الجامعات الماليزية. كما تقدم الكلية أيضا برنامجين على مستوى البكالوريوس (تعليم عن بُعد) على النحو التالي: بكالوريوس التربية في تدريس اللغة العربية وبكالوريوس التربية في الدراسات الإسلامية.

المراكز
يوجد في الجامعة مركزين تابعين للكليات وهما:

مركز الدراسات التمهيدية واللغات
قد أنشأت جامعة المدينة العالمية مركز الدّراسات التّمهيدية واللّغات (مركز اللغات سابقا)، من  أجل إعداد الدّارسين لغوياً وعلميا للالتحاق بكليات جامعة المدينة العالمية وإعداد امتحانات تحديد المستوى في اللّغات الحديثة، مع إعداد وتنفيذ برامج تعليم اللّغات الحديثة للأغراض العامّة والخاصة وتنظيم المناهج الدِّراسية والإشراف على تطبيق البرامج فيها، وإعداد برامج لغوية تلبِّي حاجة السّوق مع مطابقتها بالاتجاهات الحديثة في تعليم اللّغات الأجنبية. ولمركز اللّغات برامج متعدِّدة منها دورات اللّغة العربية للنّاطقين بغيرها، ودورات تعليم اللّغة الإنجليزية، والبرنامج التأهيلي لاختبار اللغة الإنجليزية بوصفها لغة ثانية توفيل(TOEFL) و إيلتس (IELTS).

مركز الدراسات العليا
يقترح مركز الدراسات العليا باقتراح السياسة العامة للدراسات العليا المعتمدة بما في ذلك تعديلها وتنسيقها وتنفيذها، واقتراح المبادئ التوجيهية الداخلية بالتنسيق مع كليات الجامعة ذات العلاقة بالدراسات العليا، واقتراح مبادئ الالتحاق ببرامج الدراسات العليا بما في ذلك تنفيذ البرنامج والإشراف عليه.

مهام الجامعة

 التخطيط والتطوير للمناهج الدراسية، وكتب المادة، وإعداد برامج تعليمية تربوية تخص كل كلية.
 الحصول على الموافقة والاعتماد المؤقت والدائم للبرامج المقدمة جميعها.
 تعمل على تحسين السياسات الأكاديمية فضلا عن القواعد والأنظمة الأكاديمية.
 تحسين عملية التعليم والتعلم وتقدم الوسائل الدراسية من أجل إعداد بيئة تعليمية ذات جودة ودقة علمية.
 تنظيم الدراسة في كل مستوياتها: التمهيدي، والدبلوم والبكالوريوس والإشراف على تطبيق البرامج فيها.
 التعاون مع عمادة الدراسات العليا في عملية التعليم والتعلم لمرحلة الماجستير والدكتوراة.
 التعاون مع وكالة البحوث والتطوير للنهوض بالبحوث العلمية والدراسات المختلفة بما يسهم في تطوير العلوم.
 توثيق الروابط الثقافية والعلمية مع الجهات الداخلية والخارجية ذات العلاقة وإقامة وتنظيم مؤتمرات علمية.
 المشاركة الفعالة في المؤتمرات العلمية.

طريقة الدراسة
أساليب التدريس: نظرًا للتنوع الأكاديمي في التخصصات والبرامج الدراسية، فقد طبقت الجامعة إستراتيجية تدريسية تقوم على إتاحة الفرصة والخيارات للطلبة للدراسة بأحد طريقتين:
 التعليم عن بعد
تتم الدراسة عن في برامج التعليم عن بعد من خلال حضور المحاضرات المعلن عنها في بوابة الطالب بحيث يكون التفاعل بين الطالب والمحاضر بصورة إلكترونية وفق نظام الجامعة.
 التعليم الجامعي المباشر

الدراسة في التعليم المباشر تتم حضورياً في حرم جامعة المدينة العالمية في كوالالمبور، ماليزيا.

المراكز التابعة للجامعة
يوجد للجامعة مركزين، الأول وهو المركز الرئيسي في مدينة كوالالمبور، ماليزيا، كما يوجد مركز آخر في مصر.

المصادر والمراجع

 وزارة التعليم العالي MOHE في ماليزيا
 هيئة الاعتماد الأكاديمي MQA في ماليزيا
 الموقع الرسمي للجامعة
 الكتب الرقمية
 موقع المواد التعليمية
 تقرير الجامعة الرسمي
 The International Association of Universities
 MSC Malaysia

اطلع أيضا...
 موقع عالم الجامعة
 موقع أخبار الجامعة
 UTUSAN جريدة
 جامعة المدينة العالمية
 تصنيف الويبوماتركس
 CARI Internet Sdn Bhd.

جامعات وكليات أسست في 2006
الإسلام
تأسيسات سنة 2006 في ماليزيا
تعليم عن بعد
جامعات ماليزيا
جامعات وكليات
جامعات وكليات في سلاغور
هيئات تعليمية أسست في 2006

جامعة المدينة العالمية


Dokou Gapourovich Zavgaïev (en  ; en ), né le  à Beno-Iourt (Union soviétique), est un homme politique soviétique puis russe connu pour avoir été le dernier dirigeant de la RSSA de Tchétchénie-Ingouchie (1990-1991) ainsi que le chef du gouvernement tchétchène pro-russe (1995-1996) pendant la première guerre de Tchétchénie, ce qui lui valu d'être surnommé  par ses détracteurs.

Biographie

Notes et références

Voir aussi
 Chef de la République tchétchène

Liens externes

Naissance en RSSA tchétchéno-ingouche
Naissance en décembre 1940
Personnalité tchétchène
Membre du Comité central du Parti communiste de l'Union soviétique
Personnalité des guerres de Tchétchénie
Ambassadeur russe
Dirigeant de la Tchétchénie

Dokou Zavgaïev


A , or shrine maiden, is a young priestess who works at a Shinto shrine.  were once likely seen as shamans, but are understood in modern Japanese culture to be an institutionalized role in daily life, trained to perform tasks, ranging from sacred cleansing to performing the sacred  dance.

Appearance

The traditional attire of a  is a pair of red  (divided, pleated trousers), a white  (a predecessor of the kimono), and some white or red hair ribbons. In Shinto, the color white symbolizes purity. The garment put over the  during  dances is called a .

Traditional  tools include the , the  (offertory -tree branches), and the .

 also use bells, drums, candles, , and bowls of rice in ceremonies.

Definition

The Japanese words  and  ("female shaman" and "shrine maiden" respectively) are usually written  as a compound of the kanji  ("shaman"), and  ("woman").  was archaically written  ("kami" + "child") and  ("shaman child").

The term is not to be confused with  meaning "prince", "princess" or "duke", and which is otherwise variously spelt  ("august child"),  ("imperial child"),  ("imperial daughter", also pronounced ),  ("prince") or  ("king", "prince" or "duke"). These spellings of  were commonly used in the titles of ancient Japanese nobles, such as Prince Kusakabe (,  or ).

 once performed spirit possession and  (whereby the possessed person serves as a "medium" () to communicate the divine will or message of that  or spirit; also included in the category of  is "dream revelation" (), in which a  appears in a dream to communicate its will) as vocational functions in their service to shrines. As time passed, they left the shrines and began working independently in secular society. In addition to a medium or a  (or a , a male shaman), the site of a  may occasionally also be attended by a  who interprets the words of the possessed person to make them comprehensible to other people present.  and  may be passive, when a person speaks after suddenly becoming involuntarily possessed or has a dream revelation; they can also be active, when spirit possession is induced in a specific person to ascertain the divine will or gain a divine revelation.

 are known by many names; Fairchild lists 26 terms for "shrine-attached " and 43 for "non-shrine-attached ". Other names are , or  (both likely  meaning "female medium; fortuneteller"), and .

In English, the word is often translated as "shrine maiden", though freer renderings often simply use the phrase "female shaman" () or, as Lafcadio Hearn translated it, "Divineress". Some scholars prefer the transliteration , contrasting the Japanese Mikoism with other Asian terms for female shamans. As Fairchild explains:

The word can also mean "shrine virgin".

Mikoism

History

 traditions date back to the prehistoric Jōmon period of Japan, when female shamans would go into "trances and convey the words of the gods" (the ), an act comparable with "the pythia or sibyl in Ancient Greece."

The earliest record of anything resembling the term  is of the Chinese reference to Himiko, Japan's earliest substantiated historical reference (not legendary); however, it is completely unknown whether Himiko was a , or even if  existed in those days.

The early  were important social figures who were "associated with the ruling class". "In addition to her ritual performances of ecstatic trance", writes Kuly, "[the ] performed a variety of religious and political functions". One traditional school of , Kuly adds, "claimed to descend from the Goddess Uzume".

During the Nara period (710–794) and Heian period (794–1185), government officials tried to control  practices. As Fairchild notes:

In 780 A.D. and in 807 A.D. official bulls against the practice of ecstasy outside of the authority of the shrines were published. These bulls were not only aimed at ecstasy, but were aimed at magicians, priests, sorcerers, etc. It was an attempt to gain complete control, while at the same time it aimed at eradicating abuses which were occurring.

During the feudal Kamakura period (1185–1333) when Japan was controlled by warring  states:

[T]he  was forced into a state of mendicancy as the shrines and temples that provided her with a livelihood fell into bankruptcy. Disassociated from a religious context, her performance moved further away from a religious milieu and more toward one of a non-ecclesiastical nature. The travelling , known as the , became associated with prostitution. ... [T]he 's stature as a woman close to the  diminished as a patriarchal, militaristic society took over.

During the Edo period (1603–1868), writes Groemer, "the organizational structures and arts practiced by female shamans in eastern Japan underwent significant transformations". Though in the Meiji period (1868–1912), many shamanistic practices were outlawed:

After 1867 the Meiji government's desire to create a form of state Shinto headed by the emperor—the shaman-in-chief of the nation—meant that Shinto needed to be segregated from both Buddhism and folk-religious beliefs. As a result, official discourse increasingly repeated negative views of Miko and their institutions.

There was an edict called  enforced by security forces loyal to Imperial forces, forbidding all spiritual practices by , issued in 1873, by the .

The Shinto  dance ceremony, which originated with "ritual dancing to convey divine oracles", has been transformed in the 20th century into a popular ceremonial dance called  or .

Traditional training

The position of a shaman passed from generation to generation, but sometimes someone not directly descended from a shaman went voluntarily into training or was appointed by the village chieftains. To achieve this, such a person had to have some potential.

To become a shaman, the girl (still at a young age, mostly after the start of the menstruation cycle) had to undergo very intensive training specific to the . An acknowledged elder shaman, who could be a family member (like an aunt) or a member of the tribe, would teach the girl in training the techniques required to be in control of her trance state. This would be done by rituals including washings with cold water, regular purifying, abstinence and the observation of the common taboos like death, illness and blood. She would also study how to communicate with  and spirits of the deceased, as a medium, by being possessed by those spirits. This was achieved by chanting and dancing, thus therefore the girl was taught melodies and intonations that were used in songs, prayers and magical formulas, supported by drum and rattlers.

Other attributes used for rituals were mirrors (to attract the ) and swords (katana). She also needed the knowledge of the several names of the  that were important for her village, as well as their function. Finally she learned a secret language, only known by insiders (other shamans of the tribe) and so discovered the secrets of fortune-telling and magical formulas.

After the training, which could take three to seven years, the girl would get her initiation rite to become a real shaman. This mystic ceremony was witnessed by her mentor, other elders and fellow shamans. The girl wore a white shroud as a symbol for the end of her previous life. The elders began chanting and after a while the girl started to shiver. Next, her mentor would ask the girl which  had possessed her and therefore be the one she would serve. As soon as she answered, the mentor would throw a rice cake into her face, causing the girl to faint. The elders would bring the girl to a warm bed and keep her warm until she woke up. When the whole ordeal was over and the girl had woken up, she was permitted to wear a coloured wedding dress and perform the corresponding tradition of the wedding toast.

The resemblance of a wedding ceremony as the initiation rite suggests that the trainee, still a virgin, had become the bride of the  she served (called a ). During her trance, said  had requested the girl to his shrine. In some areas of Japan she had to bring a pot filled with rice () and a pan. An old, long-abandoned practice saw  engage in sexual intercourse with a , who would represent the . Any resulting child would be considered the .

In some cases, girls or women were visited at night by a . After this visit, the woman announced to the public her new position of being possessed by a  by placing a white-feathered arrow on the roof of her house.

Contemporary

Contemporary  are often seen at Shinto shrines, where they assist with shrine functions, perform ceremonial dances, offer  fortune telling, sell souvenirs, and assist a  in Shinto rites. Kuly describes the contemporary  as: "A far distant relative of her premodern shamanic sister, she is most probably a university student collecting a modest wage in this part-time position."

The ethnologist Kunio Yanagita (1875–1962), who first studied Japanese female shamans, differentiated them into  who dance with bells and participate in  rituals,  who speak on behalf of the deceased, and  who engage in cult worship and invocations (for instance, the Tenrikyo founder Nakayama Miki).

Researchers have further categorized contemporary  in terms of their diverse traditions and practices. Such categorizations include blind  (concentrated in north and east Japan), mostly-blind  (north and east Japan), blind  or  (northeastern Japan),  (north and east of Tokyo),  (central Japan), blind  (northwest Japan),  who tap  ("bamboo grass") on their faces (northeast of Tokyo), plus family and village organizations. Others have divided miko or fujo by blindness between blind  or  who perform  and spirit mediumship and sighted  or  who perform divination and invocations.

In the eclectic Shugendō religion, priests who practiced ecstasy often married . Many scholars identify shamanic  characteristics in  ("New Religions") such as Sukyo Mahikari, Ōmoto, and Shinmeiaishinkai.

See also
 Babaylan, female shamans in Filipino animism
 Bhikkhunī
 Bobohizan, female shamans among the Kadazan-Dusun
  in Onarigami
  in Ryukyuan religion
 Noro (priestess)

 List of fictional Miko
 Nun
 Shinto
 Aconitum carmichaelii, flower named for torikabuto hat of miko

Notes

References
 Aston, William George. Shinto: way of the gods. Longmans, Green, and Co. (1905)
 Blacker, Carmen. The Catalpa Bow: A Study of Shamanistic Practices in Japan. London: George Allen & Unwin. (1975)
 Fairchild, William P. "Shamanism in Japan", Folklore Studies 21:1–122. (1962)
 Folklore Society, The. Folklore, Volume 10.Great Britain. (1899)
 Groemer, Gerald. "Female Shamans in Eastern Japan during the Edo Period", Asian Folklore Studies 66:27–53. (2007)
 Hardacre, Helen. "Shinmeiaishinkai and the study of shamanism in contemporary Japanese life," in Religion in Japan, ed. by P.F. Kornicki and I.J. McMullen, Cambridge University Press, pp. 198–219. (1996)
 Hearn, Lafcadio. Glimpses of unfamiliar Japan: Volume 1. Houghton, Mifflin and company. (1894)
 Hori, Ichiro. Folk Religion in Japan: Continuity and Change. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. (1968) .
 Kawamura Kunimitsu. "A Female Shaman's Mind and Body, and Possession", Asian Folklore Studies 62.2:257–289. (2003)
 Kuly, Lisa. "Locating Transcendence in Japanese Minzoku Geinô: Yamabushi and Miko Kagura," Ethnologies 25.1:191–208. (2003)
 North-China herald and Supreme Court & consular gazette, The: Volume 79 - North-China Herald. (1906)
 Ricci, Daniele Japanese Shamanism: trance and possession. Volume Edizioni (Kindle Edition, 2012).
 Picken, Stuart DB. The A to Z of Shinto. Scarecrow Press. (2006)
 Waley, Arthur. The Noh Plays of Japan. (1921)

External links

 "Miko", Encyclopedia of Shinto entry

Articles containing video clips
Female stock characters in anime and manga
Religious occupations
Shamanism in Japan
Shinto
Japanese words and phrases

Miko


A Guerra Guatemalteca-Salvadorenha de 1906 foi um breve conflito entre esses dois países centro-americanos ocorrido entre 9 e 11 de julho de 1906 e que resultou na morte do comandante salvadorenho Tomás Regalado, aliado do governo do general Porfirio Díaz do México. O presidente guatemalteco, Manuel Estrada Cabrera, aliado do governo do presidente Theodore Roosevelt dos Estados Unidos, foi o grande vencedor, pois após a vitória se tornou o principal governante da região e assim permaneceu até ser deposto em abril de 1920 por seu próprio povo.

Antecedentes

Em 1906 houve uma invasão de emigrados políticos que viviam no México e em El Salvador. Manuel Lisandro Barillas Bercián, ex-presidente da Guatemala, e José León Castillo, ex-candidato presidencial da oposição, foram designados como comandantes dos exércitos invasores do México e de El Salvador, respectivamente. Tanto Porfirio Díaz quanto Tomás Regalado abriram as fronteiras de seus países para a livre passagem dos invasores. Também contaram com o apoio do navio a vapor Imperio, proveniente de San Francisco, Estados Unidos, e do ouro fornecido por um amigo de Barillas que morava nos Estados Unidos. Porém nem Barillas nem León Castillo eram militares destacados e, após uma série de escaramuças, a invasão falhou em Ocós em junho de 1906.

Guerra
Regalado, inimigo jurado da Estrada Cabrera, não ficou satisfeito com o resultado da invasão fracassada. Então começou a dizer aos emigrados guatemaltecos que iria cansar e debilitar o presidente guatemalteco; ao tomar conhecimento dessa situação, o presidente salvadorenho Pedro José Escalón encontrou o meio perfeito para se livrar de Regalado, que de facto governava El Salvador e o ofuscava. Escalón fez acordos com Estrada Cabrera e constantemente telegrafava sobre todos os movimentos do futuro invasor. Depois de descobri-lo, Regalado o obrigou a fugir da capital salvadorenha para o lago de Coatepeque. Já sem a interferência de Escalón, Regalado invadiu a Guatemala em 9 de julho e alcançou facilmente Atescatempa e Jerez, embora os soldados guatemaltecos se refugiassem em Yupiltepeque.

Diante dessa situação, Estrada Cabrera emitiu uma proclamação em 10 de julho de 1906 na qual acusava o governo salvadorenho de invadir a Guatemala para impedir a conclusão da Ferrovia do Norte e pôr fim às tentativas do governo guatemalteco de recuperação econômica; na mesma proclamação, Estrada Cabrera indicou que somente a guerra resolveria a situação e convidou todos os militares guatemaltecos ou com treinamento militar para se alistar na ação contra as forças de Regalado. Nesse mesmo dia, foi publicado o decreto número 662, onde todos os homens, sem exceção legítima, com idade entre 18 e 50 anos, deveriam se apresentar ao quartel mais próximo e, caso não o fizessem, seriam processados por traição. Os cidadãos responderam ao apelo do presidente e no dia 11 de julho haviam várias pessoas nos quarteis.

O exército guatemalteco solicitou tropas de reforço, que chegaram de Sanarate, Salamá e Momostenango; estas tropas vinham vestidas de azul, e não cáqui, como as originais, o que enganou Regalado, cujas tropas também vestiam azul. Em 11 de julho de 1906, Regalado foi morto por soldados guatemaltecos quando acreditou estar entre tropas leais. O coronel Jalapaneco Rosalío López Jiménez enviou o seguinte telegrama a Estrada Cabrera após a morte fortuita de Regalado: «Desde as seis da manhã começou o combate; tomei os abismos para ir a Coatepeque, onde chegaram os reforços das batalhas de Momostenango e Sanarate e onde o Regalado veio com a bandeira, e os rapazes a rebentaram.»

Consequências
Após a morte de Regalado, as tropas salvadorenhas recuaram para El Salvador e o Tratado de Paz, Amizade e Comércio entre Guatemala, Honduras e El Salvador foi posteriormente assinado em 20 de julho de 1906 a bordo do cruzador estadunidense "Marblehead", a pedido dos governos dos Estados Unidos e do México.

A esse respeito, Estrada Cabrera emitiu o decreto n.º 663 em 21 de julho de 1906, por meio do qual o governo guatemalteco aceitava o Tratado de Paz de "Marblehead" em sua totalidade; além disso, o presidente guatemalteco também enviou uma carta ao general Porfirio Díaz nos seguintes termos: «A Sua Excelência o General Porfirio Díaz, Presidente dos Estados Unidos do México. Grande e bom amigo: É uma honra e satisfação expressar a Vossa Excelência que o Acordo de Paz e Arbitragem, assinado a bordo do cruzador estadunidense Marblehead em 20 de julho, foi devidamente aprovado em todas as suas partes pelo meu Governo e já teve a aprovação da Assembleia Legislativa Nacional; que, sem dúvida, agradará a Vossa Excelência que me serviu tão generosamente ao dirigir-me a iniciativa deste acordo, que pôs um fim muito digno à emergência entre esta República e as de El Salvador e Honduras.».</div>

De 23 de julho a 27 de agosto de 1906, a Guatemala foi representada na terceira Conferência Internacional Americana por Antonio Batres Jáuregui, que escreveu um relatório detalhado que foi impresso na íntegra em várias tiragens do diário oficial  El Guatemalteco. O principal acordo foi sobre direito internacional: ratificou-se a adesão ao princípio da arbitragem e recomendou-se a reorganização do escritório das repúblicas americanas encarregado de contribuir para a efetividade dos pactos.

Bibliografia

Conflitos em 1906
Guerras envolvendo El Salvador
Guerras envolvendo a Guatemala


පවර්පොයින්ට් සජිවිකරණය යනු ක්‍රිඩා හෝ  චිත්‍රපට නිර්මානය සදහා මයික්‍රෝසොෆ්ට් පවර්පොයින්ට් මෘදුකාංගය සහ ඒහා සමාන වෙනත් මෘදුකාංග භාවිතා කෙරෙන සජිවිකරණ ආකාරයකි. අභිමත සජිවිකරණ, ඇදිම් උපකරණ සහ ස්ලයිඩ් භාවිතයෙන් පවර්පොයින්ට් මෘදුකාංගය තුළ සජිවිකරණය නිර්මාපකයක් ක්‍රිඩාවක් හෝ චිත්‍ර පටයක් නිර්මාණය කරයි.

අභිමත සජිවිකරණ
අබිමත සජිවිකරණය යනු පවර්පොයින්ට් මෘදුකාංගයේදී ස්ලයිඩ් ප්‍රදර්ශණයේදී සජිවිකරණය වන ආකාරයට වස්තුවක් මත යෙදිය හැකි ප්‍රයෝග සමුහයකි. Custom Animation නම් කාරකය මගින් (Slide show /  Custom Animation)  හෝ Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) මගින් ඒවා යෙදිය හැකි වේ. පවර්පොයින්ට් 2000 මෘදුකාංගය සහ එහි ඊට පැරණි ආකාර වල මතුවීම, අතුරුදහන්වීම සහ පියඹා ඒම වැනි මූලික ප්‍රයෝගයන් අන්තර්ගත විය. පවර්පොයින්ට් 2002 / XP පසු ආකාර වලදී අබිමත සජිවිකරණ හැකියාවන් වැඩි දියුණු කොට මූලික කොටස් 4 කට වෙන් කර නව සජිවිකරණ ප්‍රයෝග අන්තර්ගත කොට තිබුණි. මෙම කොටස් 4 ඇතුල්වීම (Entrance), අවධාරණය (Emphasis), පිටවීම (Exit) සහ චලන පත (Motion Paths) නම් විය.

මේ අතරින් ඇතුළ්වීම සම්බන්ධ ප්‍රයෝගයන් වස්තුවක් මත යෙදවු විට ස්ලයිඩ් ප්‍රදර්ශනය අතර තුර ඒවා සජිවීකරණ ප්‍රයෝගයන් සහිතව දර්ශණයට ඇතුල් වේ. අවධාරණ ප්‍රයෝග මගින් වස්තුවක් ඒවා පිහිටන ස්ථානයේදීම සජිවිකරණය කරීම සිදු කරයි. පිටවීමේ ප්‍රයෝග යෙදු විට ප්‍රදර්ශනය අතරතුර වස්තූන් සජිවීකරණ සහිතව දර්ශණයෙන් ඉවත් වෙයි. චලන පථ මගින් ප්‍රදර්ශනය තුල වස්තූන්ට විවිධ චලන දැක්වීමේ හැකියාව ලැබේ. මෙම එක් එක් ප්‍රයෝගය සදහා ආරම්භය (ක්ලික් කල විට, පෙර ප්‍රයෝගය සමග, පෙර ප්‍රයෝගයට පසු ආදි ලෙස), පමාකිරීම, වේගය, ප්‍රත්‍යාවර්ථනය සහ  එකවර කියාත්මක වීම වශයෙන් විචල්‍යයන් අන්තර්ගත වේ. මේ හේතුවෙන් සජිවිකරණයන් වඩාත් නම්‍යශීලි සහ අන්තර්ක්‍රියාකාරි තත්ත්වයට පත් කෙරෙන අතර මෙය ඇඩෝබ් ෆ්ලෑෂ් මෘදුකාංගයට සමාන වේ.

සජිවිකරණ එකවර ක්‍රියාත්මක කරවීම
මයික්‍රෝසොෆ්ට් පවර් පොයින්ට් 2002/XP මෘදුකාංගය සහ එහි පසු ආකාර වල (කෙසේ නමුත් මේ දක්වා මැකින්ටොෂ් පරිගණක සදහා මෙය හදුන්වාදී නොමැත) සජිවිකරණය එකවර ක්‍රියාව‍ට නැංවීමේ හැකියාවක් අන්තර්ගත වේ. මේ මගින් සජිවිකරණ නිර්මාපකයා හට ස්ලයිඩ් ප්‍රදර්ශනයේ නිෂ්චිත වස්තුවක් මත ක්ලික් කල විට පමණක් ක්‍රියාත්මක වන ප්‍රයෝගයන් යෙදීමේ හැකියාව ලැබේ.

මෘදුකාංග
මයික්‍රෝසොෆ්ට්

පවර්පොයින්ට් සජිවිකරණය


Hubert Looser (* 5. April 1938 in Vilters, Schweiz) ist ein ehemaliger Schweizer Geschäftsmann, Philanthrop und Kunstsammler. Looser war Präsident der Walter Rentsch Holding AG und der ELCO Looser Holding AG. Heute ist Looser als Vorstand der Fondation Hubert Looser tätig.

Leben
Looser wurde als sechstes von sieben Kindern 1938 im schweizerischen Vilters geboren, wo er auch aufwuchs und die Schule besuchte. Seine Eltern waren Unternehmer und hatten die Firma ELCO aufgebaut. Nachdem Looser seinen MBA an der Columbia-Universität New York erworben hatte,  trat er 1964 dem elterlichen Unternehmen bei und war bis 1980 mit dem Aufbau und der Führung der ELCO Gruppe in Frankreich, Belgien und Luxemburg betraut.

Während dieser Zeit erfolgte die Gründung der Remaco AG für Unternehmensvermittlung sowie die Übernahme der Walter Rentsch AG im Bereich der Bürotechnik. 1973 übernahm Looser die Leitung der Walter Rentsch AG mit 120 Mitarbeitern und beschäftigte bei seinem Austritt im Jahr 1992 1.200 Mitarbeiter. 1990/92 trat Looser als Präsident der Unternehmensgruppen Walter Rentsch AG und  ELCO Looser Holding AG zurück.

Nach dem Verkauf seiner Firmenanteile engagierte sich Hubert Looser verstärkt in der 1988 von ihm mitbegründeten Fondation Hubert Looser, in der er bis heute als Präsident fungiert und die mit finanziellen Mitteln aus seinem Vermögen rund 40 weltweite Hilfsprojekte unterstützt. Unter anderem werden Projekte für Menschen mit Behinderung und Kindern in Not, sowie Ausbildungsförderung für Jugendliche in Ländern wie Kambodscha, Albanien und Rumänien oder Aids-Projekte in Südafrika, Simbabwe und Nigeria realisiert.

Looser ist verheiratet, Vater zweier Kinder und lebt in Zürich.

Kunstsammlung
Während seines Sprachaufenthalts 1957 in Paris beeindruckten ihn Poster einer Impressionisten-Ausstellung und er ging seit diesem Erlebnis wann immer er Zeit hatte auf der ganzen Welt in Museen – in seinen Zwanzigern absolvierte Looser im Zuge seiner Ausbildung diverse Sprachaufenthalte und Studienreisen, welche ihn unter anderem nach Mexiko, Japan, Paris, London oder New York führten und den Grundstein seiner Sammelleidenschaft legten.
Allerdings waren die meisten der ersten 200 Arbeiten noch Schweizer Kunst. Heute gilt Hubert Looser, der 1990/92 als Präsident der Walter Rentsch Holding AG und der ELCO Looser Holding AG zurücktrat, nachdem er beide Firmen Jahrzehnte lang geleitet und ausgebaut hatte, als ein herausragender Privatsammler im schweizerischen Raum. Sein Hauptaugenmerk gilt dabei Werken des Surrealismus, abstrakten Expressionismus und Minimalismus. Eine der grössten Sammlungen von Willem de Kooning ausserhalb der USA entstand als Teil der Sammlung. Die museumstauglichen Werke der Sammlung wurden 2008 in die Fondation Hubert Looser eingebracht, welche dieses Kulturgut der Öffentlichkeit als Dauerleihgabe im Kunsthaus Zürich zugänglich macht.

Siehe auch
 Sammlung Hubert Looser

Literatur
 Ingried Brugger, Florian Steininger: Sammlung Hubert Looser, Hatje Cantz Verlag, Ostfildern 2012, ISBN 978-3-7757-3235-2
 Philippe Büttner: Die Sammlung Hubert Looser im Kunsthaus Zürich, Scheidegger & Spiess, Zürich 2013, ISBN 978-3-85881-398-5
 Eduard Beaucamp, Hubert Looser, Christina Weiss: Private Passion, Public Wealth, Kunstsammeln: Umbrüche und Perspektiven, Wolfsberg – The Platform für Executive & Business Development, Ermatingen 2013, ISBN 978-3-9524057-1-0

Weblinks

 Homepage der Fondation Hubert Looser
 Homepage des Kunsthaus Zürich
 Anna Miller: In der Stille liegt seine Größe, Die Welt, 21. Juli 2013
 Samuel Herzog: Die Magie des Auges, NZZ, 7. Juni 2013
 Catherine Hickley: Swiss Magnate Looser Spends Fortune on Art, Gives It Away, Bloomberg, 18. Juni 2013
 The rich have a responsibility, Roostergnn, 21. Juni 2013
 Geneviève Nevejan: Meeting Hubert Looser curator of his own collection, Gazette Drouot International, Ausgabe Nr. 21, Jänner 2013
 Die Sammlung Hubert Looser - My Private Passion, CastYourArt, 17. April 2012

Kunstsammler
Unternehmer (Schweiz)
Schweizer
Geboren 1938
Mann

Hubert Looser


Kinderup var en landsby i Børglum-Furreby-Vejby Sogn, der lå vest for Furreby. Landsbyen forsvandt i havet i en eller flere storme i tiden op til 1638. Dette falder tidsmæssigt sammen med den anden store manddrukning. Præsten i Rubjerg-Mårup Sogn berettede også i 1638, at "et stort, højt bjerg" kaldet Rubjerg Knude for længe siden faldt i havet. Den nuværende Rubjerg Knude er altså kun en rest af en meget større pynt. Efterårsstormene i årene forud herfor fjernede således både en landsby og størstedelen af Rubjerg Knude og må have været ganske ødelæggende for lokalområdet.

Det formodes, at der mellem landsbyen Kinderup og det nuværende Furreby var en mindre fyrretræsskov. Denne er nu også for længst forsvundet i havet, således at Furreby ligger umiddelbart ud til kysten i vore dage. Rester af disse gamle fyrretræer kommer til tider til syne i Blånæs, der er Furrebys nuværende naturlige bastion mod Vesterhavet.

Man ved ikke meget andet om den nu forsvundne by Kinderup ud over, at den formodentlig bestod af relativt få gårde. Dette er dog i sig selv interessant, idet dette tyder på, at der i den tidlige middelalder har været dyrkningsværdig jord vest for fyrreskoven ved Furreby, og således må havets indhug i kysten være foregået relativt hurtigt i årene omkring det 16. århundrede.

Referencer

Nordjyllands historie

Kinderup (Børglum-Furreby Sogn)


අරාබි මුහුද යනු ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ ප්‍රදේශයකි. මෙය නැගෙනහිරින් ඉන්දියාවෙන් ද, උතුරෙන් පාකිස්ථානයෙන් සහ ඉරානයෙන් ද, බටහිරින් අරාබි අර්ධද්වීපයෙන් ද, දකුණින් (දළ වශයෙන්) ඊසානදිග සෝමාලියාවේ ග්වාඩෆී තුඩුව සහ ඉන්දියාවේ කන්‍යාකුමාරි යාකරන මනඃකල්පිත රේඛාවෙන් ද මායිම් වී පවතියි. අතීතයේ දී මෙම මුහුදු කලාපයට සින්ධු මුහුද සහ එරිත්‍රියානු මුහුද යන නම් ද භාවිත වී තිබේ.

අරාබි මුහුදේ පෘෂ්ඨික වර්ගඵලය වර්ග කි.මී. 3,862,000ක් පමණ ද, උපරිම පළල කි.මී. 2,400ක් පමණ ද, වැඩිම ගැඹුර මීටර 4,652ක් ද වෙයි. මෙම ගැඹුරුම ස්ථානය පිහිටා ඇත්තේ අරාබි ද්‍රෝණියේ ඉන්දියාවේ දකුණු කෙළවරේ අක්ෂාංශය දිගේය. අරාබි මුහුදට වැටෙන විශාලතම ගංගාව සින්ධු ගඟ වන අතර නේත්‍රාවතී, ෂාරවතී, නර්මදා, තප්ති, මහී සහ තවත් කේරළයේ ගංගා රාශියක් අරාබි මුහුදෙන් අවසන් වෙයි.

අරාබි මුහුදට සම්බන්ධ වෙරළවල් සහිත රටවල් වන්නේ සෝමාලියාව, ජිබූටි, යේමනය, ඕමානය, ඉරානය, පාකිස්ථානය, ඉන්දියාව සහ මාලදිවයින යි.

ආශ්‍රිත

අරාබියානු අර්ධද්වීපය
සාමුද්‍රික පරිසර කලාප
ඉන්දියා-පාකිස්තානු දේශසීමාව
ඕමාන-යේමන දේශසීමාව

අරාබි මුහුද


The Zeta Project is an American science fiction animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation. It first aired on Kids' WB in January 2001. It is a spin-off series based on the character Zeta from the Batman Beyond episode of the same name and the sixth series of the DC Animated Universe. The show was created by Robert Goodman and Warner Bros. Animation.

The story's main character, Infiltration Unit Zeta, is a humanoid robot (synthoid) designed to carry out covert assassinations on the behalf of the National Security Agency. When Zeta discovers that one of his targets is innocent, he experiences an existential crisis about goodness and the value of life; following this epiphany, Zeta finds that he can no longer kill. The newly enlightened Zeta refuses to continue on as an infiltration unit and abandons his mission, going rogue. Zeta is pursued by a team of NSA agents, led by the obsessed Agent Bennet, and is aided by a 15-year-old runaway, Rosalie "Ro" Rowan.

The series was cancelled after two seasons.

Overview
Inspired by Frankenstein, Blade Runner, and  The Fugitive, The Zeta Project follows the exploits of Zeta and Ro as they attempt to prove that he is genuinely non-violent, whereas the NSA agents pursuing him believe that the terrorists he was investigating before going rogue have reprogrammed him for some unknown purpose. To prove his innocence, Zeta and Ro search for his creator, the elusive Dr. Selig.

A spin-off of Batman Beyond, Goodman initially pitched the show with plans to be darker than its point of origin, but when the pitch went to the Network, Kid's WB was looking for shows that would skew to a younger demographic, and The Zeta Project was ultimately picked up with the thought process "It's a robot, and it's a teenage girl. How much fun can that be?" Promises were made by the show staff that most of the locations Zeta would encounter would not be as dark, gothic, and oppressive feeling as Batman Beyond'''s Gotham City. Among this, and other constraints, Goodman's original vision for the show's messages on dark government, misuse of technology, and a wide range of social and political issues became more difficult to execute.

Despite the lighter tone adopted by the final product, Kid's WB still felt The Zeta Project was too dark all throughout its run, and almost canceled the show entirely following the September 11 attacks due to its plot lines involving terrorism and commentary on the NSA. Ultimately, the show went on for one more season before Goodman left, believing that network demands were pushing the show too far from his creative vision.

Characters

Infiltration Unit Zeta
Created in a lab just over a year ago, Zeta is like a child in a grown-up's body. He has a high-endurance metal frame, that was built to carry an array of weapons and tools. He can project a hologram around himself and alter his voice, allowing him to become anyone. He was created to fight the United States' enemies, but learned the value of human life and refused to harm a man he believed was innocent, threw away his weapons, and ran from his programmed destiny. Ever since, the government agents that controlled Zeta have been after him, convinced that he's been reprogrammed by terrorists. Zeta hopes that his creator, Selig, will believe that his change of heart is real, and convince the agents to drop their pursuit. But Selig himself is a man on the move, and Zeta hasn't found him yet. Though Zeta no longer possesses the vast array of weapons that he originally came equipped with, his arms are equipped with saw blades and cutting lasers. He also possesses a wide array of other non-lethal tools, such as handheld welding lasers, a computer interface, and an unlimited cred card. He's faster than a human. His "eyes" and "ears" pick up wavelengths outside human perception. And to a limited degree, he's self-repairing.

Rosalie "Ro" Rowan
Ro grew up in foster care, and was then assigned to a state-run girls' home. The only thing she even knows about her family is a vague memory of an older brother; the pair were separated by the foster care system years ago. She ran away from the state system at fifteen-years-old and hooked up with a gang just to have a roof over her head. But when she refused to do a hold-up to prove herself to the leader, she burned the last bridge she had. As she and Zeta search for his creator Ro embarks on a parallel journey on her own search for a "family" to belong to.  Ro is the source of humor for the series. She's also Zeta's guide to "passing" among humans, and teaches him all those endless lessons we all take for granted about being human. She is visually inspired by Priss from Blade Runner.

Special Agent James Bennet
Agent Bennet is the leader of the NSA team sent to capture Zeta. He vehemently believes that, regardless of Zeta's behavior, there is some sinister motive behind Zeta's sudden change in attitude and believes that he is working with the terrorist organization Brother's Day. Despite his supposed professionalism, he is seen to disobey orders himself, when it suits him, as well as abuse his authority. Although he overhears Dr. Selig's confession about giving Zeta a conscience, there is no sure sign that he will cease to be Zeta's enemy. Bennet is inspired by Lt. Philip Gerard from The Fugitive.

Dr. Eli Selig
Once the head of the government's Infiltration Unit Program, Doctor Eli Selig is the man who created Zeta. Selig knows Zeta's abilities and limitations better than anyone else on Earth. Since building Zeta, he's moved on to another government project—one far more confidential than his past work. At his current level of secrecy, Selig has become a phantom—appearing where and when his work demands, but always keeping his itinerary close to the vest. He will on occasion surface, to aid other scientists or lecture at conferences, but because his security is so sensitive, his appearances are never announced until the last minute.

Agent Orin West and Marcia Lee
Formerly Scout Unit Four, partner NSA Agent Orin West and Marcia Lee botch a chance to capture Zeta at the Wood Valley Maryland hoverbus station, and are assigned to Agent Bennet's personal detail as their punishment. Now West and Lee work right at Bennet's side (where he can keep an eye on them), dedicated to capturing Zeta.

West is a clumsy, overeager bumbler, constantly firing weapons too soon, tripping over his own feet and blowing chances to catch Zeta. Lucky for him, Lee's there to keep him in check. She's more controlled, and by-the-book—but Lee has her doubts about Zeta's guilt. She's willing to believe Zeta might really be peaceful - and that open-mindedness sometimes puts her at odds with Agent Bennet. Lee eventually leaves Bennet's team and is replaced by Agent Rush

West shares a last name and is similar in appearance to Wally West (the Flash), who is also voiced by Rosenbaum. However, showrunner Bob Goodman has stated this was coincidental.

Bucky Buenaventura
12 year old Bucky is a bona fide genius. Emancipated by his parents, he lives in an academic think tank. He's a hacker who loves to invade high security corporate computers and expose sensitive government secrets, just to show that he can and will give Big Brother the occasional goose. Unchecked by grown-ups, Bucky travels around freely, orchestrating his pranks—and keeping an interested eye on Zeta and Ro.

Infiltration Unit 7
IU7 is the next generation of Infiltration Unit to come after Zeta, which Agent Bennet unleashes with the sole assignment of capturing its robotic predecessor. This synthoid has the same mimicking skills as Zeta, but the metal frame beneath its hologram is larger, more powerful, and more heavily armed. IU7 still carries a dangerous arsenal of weapons—and has none of Zeta's compunctions about using it. Because of the extreme single-mindedness of IU7's programming, Zeta and Ro usually find ways to misdirect and outsmart the synthoid monster.

Cast
Protagonists

Supporting cast

Antagonists

Episodes

 Series overview

 Season 1 (2001)

Season 2 (2002)

Broadcast history

United States
 Kids' WB (2001–2002)
Canada
 YTV (2001–2008)
 Teletoon (2004–2009)
United Kingdom
 Cartoon Network (2001–2008)
 Boomerang (2008)
 Sky1 (2001–2002)

Australia
 Cartoon Network (2001–2008)
 Nine Network (2001–2003)
France
 Cartoon Network (2001–2003)
Brazil
 Cartoon Network (2001–2007)
 SBT (2003–2015; 2021–present)
 Tooncast (2021–present)
Chile
 Chilevision (2010–2018)
 Boomerang (2007–2009)
 Canal 13 (2005–2013)
Venezuela
 Venevisión (2005–2008)
 Boomerang (2007–2009)

Latin America
 Boomerang (2007–2009)
 Cartoon Network (2001–2007)
 Tooncast (2021–present)
Middle East
 MBC 3 (2007–2010)
New Zealand
 TVNZ 2 (2003–2009)
Russia
 STS (2002–2003)
Mexico
 Canal 5 (2008–2010)
 Las Estrellas (2004–2006)
Republic of Ireland
 RTÉ Two (2001–2002)

Cancellation and future
Following the September 11 attacks, Kid's WB considered canceling The Zeta Project, but Bob Goodman convinced them he could keep the show running without even mentioning terrorists. However, Kid's WB demanded that if the show were to be picked up for a third season, this season needed to end on a cliffhanger that appeared to kill Zee's creator, Dr. Selig. Eventually, Kid's WB! told Goodman that the finale would be the end of Zeta's search for Selig, and that a third season would reveal that Ro was also a robot, and follow the "Scooby-Doo", adventure of the week, formula. Tired of network demands getting in the way of his vision, Goodman ultimately quit the show. Interviews were held to replace him as show runner, but enthusiasm for the show lowered following his exit.

In December 2004, John Schneider revealed he was working on a filmed version of the show with series creator Bob Goodman. Goodman later expanded, saying Warner Bros. Television Studios was interested in adapting the show in an hour long format. As producers, Schneider and Goodman developed a live action series that took liberties with the Zeta concept to fit the sensibilities of the network at the time, which included lessening similarities to The Fugitive, since the recent reboot underperformed expectations. The show would have featured Ro working in the FBI's cyber crimes unit, with Zee having replaced her partner in the pilot. The show would have had them solving cases week to week while hunting down Zeta's creator and Ro's family.

Over the years, Bob Goodman stated he would love to have a chance to finish the story, and has expressed willingness to do so in comic form or long-form straight-to-DVD format. Over the years, he has hinted at many plot points for the unproduced seasons, including:
 The hand seen in the cliffhanger being revealed to belong to Andrea Donoso, Selig's assistant/synthoid, who was charged with the solitary job of protecting him,
 Selig having a new plan with important work for Zeta,
 Ro's search for her family, focusing on her mother,
 Plans for an Infiltration Unit 8,
 An episode referencing the fan theory that Agent West was a descendant of Wally West by temporarily giving him super-speed.

Legacy
Influence
Despite the show's relative obscurity, The Zeta Project has made its way into many other DC projects. Early synthoid models bearing the resemblance of Zeta from his appearance in Batman Beyond and named Z-8s were seen in Justice League and Justice League Unlimited as a means of showing the evolution of government robots in the DCAU. In 2013, Zeta appeared in Batman Beyond Unlimited #16 as part of the new Terrific Trio, alongside Plastic Man and Batman Beyond villain Earth Mover. The seventh and eighth seasons of Arrow featured a 2040s set future where a company named Galaxy One unleashed robot soldiers named Zeta. In 2021, Young Justice mentioned The Zeta Project in the episode "Needful". The AI in 2022's Batman Unburied was named Zeta, after The Zeta Project.

Accolades

Music
As with other DCAU shows before it, The Zeta Project was scored by Lolita Ritmanis, Michael McCuistion, Kristopher Carter, and supervising composer Shirley Walker.  Working concurrently with the final season of Batman Beyond, for Zeta's first season, the Walker team worked to compose original music for each episode that blended the sound  of a live orchestra composed of musicians hired from American Federation of Musicians Local 47, with more contemporary electronic elements the team recorded in their own studio.

According to McCuistion, "Each episode was a different take, musically, and there were some threads of course, but I remember several of them having different musical environments, and that was really interesting creatively. [...] it certainly didn't share any of the flavor of Batman Beyond in terms of music, I don't think. It was very futuristic and very fun, but yeah, it didn't have that sort of gritty, underworld cultural thing going on."

The Zeta Project was the final show the Dynamic Music Partners (Ritmanis, McCuistion, Carter) had a live orchestra on, and played a hand in the Dynamic Music Partner's being hired to score Treyarch's Spider-Man

Emmy For Your Consideration CD Track Listing

Main Title 1:01
Making Contact 2:36
His Maker's Name 1:05
Ro & Zee Meet Again 1:09
Desperate Escape 1:31
Bucky's Parent Woes 1:26
Zeta Escapes 1:35
Sorben Institute 0:51
Hide and Seek 1:09
West Gets Closer 1:42
Perryville 0:24
System Down 1:18
Kid Genius? 0:49
Nice Guy 0:57
Sweet Revenge 0:56

Home video
First announced at Warner Home Video's annual Home Theater Forum chat in September 2008, WHV (via DC Comics and Warner Bros. Family Entertainment) released the first season of The Zeta Project as a 2-DVD set for Region 1 on March 17, 2009. The bonus material for the set was handled by Retrofit Films, who reached out to fans of the series to help field interview questions for the cast and crew. While the released disc featured a 16-minute documentary featurette, titled "The Making of Zeta", about the show's origin with commentary from the voice cast and production staff, the original press release stated the set would include a since unreleased 15–20 minute featurette titled "Finding Freedom", a roundtable discussion, in which the cast speculates on various theories of where the show would have gone while producer/show runner Robert Goodman and his team give the fans the definitive answers.

The second season was initially reported to be on the way as early as December 2008. The following month, series creator Bob Goodman teased that bonus features for the season 2 set were filmed at the same time of the season 1 features, and later expanded that the season was slated to release in mid-2009 with a panel discussion featurette with Julie Nathanson, Liz Holzman, Joe Kuhr and himself that covered behind-the-scenes anecdotes. However, sales for season one did not meet Warner Home Video's expectations, resulting in the cancelation of the Season 2 release.

Alongside a re-printing of Season 1, Season 2 was finally announced for release by Warner Archive in February 2017 and arrived March 14, 2017. Attempts to locate the originally planned bonus features were unsuccessful, and they remain lost. To promote the release, Warner Archive held the "Warner Archive Collection's Kids' WB Flashback" panel at WonderCon Anaheim, featuring Diedrich Bader, Julie Nathanson, and Bob Goodman, as well as Phil LaMarr, who was representing WAC's recent Static Shock DVD releases.

Video game
Zeta Quest 3D was launched May 24, 2001. Advertised as a unique multi-environment, multi-level "walk-through" online video game, "Zeta Quest 3D", let players assume the identity of Zeta, staying one step ahead of the NSA, while trying to clear his name. The game was built for the short lived CyberWorld QBORGs Browser System. According to Bob Goodman, he and Joe Kuhr contributed to vetting the writing process of the game. Not much is known about the plot, but many of the games original files are archived online and include a room named "IU8 Lab", suggesting the existence of an Infiltration Unit 8, as well as sprites of doctors seen in the episode "Absolute Zero".

See also

 Batman Beyond''

Notes

References

External links

 The Zeta Project at The World's Finest

DC Animated Universe television series
Androids in television
American children's animated science fiction television series
American children's animated superhero television series
American animated television spin-offs
Kids' WB original shows
2000s American animated television series
2001 American television series debuts
2002 American television series endings
Animated television shows based on DC Comics
Animated television series about robots
Television series by Warner Bros. Animation
Television series set in the future
Television series set in the 2030s
The WB original programming

The Zeta Project


O Domenico Millelire foi um dos quatro submarinos da classe Balilla de submarinos construídos para a  (Marinha Real Italiana) durante o final dos anos 1920. A origem de seu nome vem de um oficial da Marinha Italiana que foi o primeiro a receber a Medalha de Ouro de Valor Militar. Sua atuação é considerada como muito limitada e pouca pois participou de apenas quatro missões de combate como submarino, além de sete viagens entre portos italianos. O Domenico Millelire foi convertido em um navio de combustível em 1941 e vendido para a empresa Pirelli a fim de ser convertido em um navio de transporte de borracha (serviço esse em que se manteve até 1978).

Características gerais
O Domenico Millelire foi um dos primeiros submarinos cruzadores construídos para a Regia Marina. Ele deslocava 1 450 toneladas na superfície e 1 904 toneladas quando submerso. Ele tinha 86,5 metros de comprimento, tinha uma boca de 7,8 metros e um calado de 4,7 metros. Ele tinha uma profundidade operacional de mergulho de 110 metros. Sua tripulação era de 77 oficiais e homens alistados.

Para a navegação na superfície, ele era movido por dois motores a diesel de 2 944 quilowatts, cada um acionando um eixo de hélice. Quando submerso, cada hélice era impulsionada por um motor elétrico de 1 620 quilowatts. Ele também estava equipado com um motor auxiliar de diesel que lhes dava uma velocidade de sete nós (treze quilômetros por hora) na superfície. Ele podia atingir uma velocidade máxima de 17,5 nós (32,4 quilômetros por hora) na superfície e 8,9 nós (16,5 quilômetros por hora) debaixo d'água. Na superfície, ele tinha um alcance de 22 000 quilômetros a sete nós; quando submerso, ele tinha um alcance de duzentos quilômetros a três nós (5,6 quilômetros por hora).

Ele estava armado com seis tubos de torpedo internos de 533 milímetros, quatro na proa e dois na popa, para os quais carregavam uma dezena de torpedos. Ele também contava com um único canhão de convés de 120 milímetros, à frente da torre de comando, para combate na superfície. Seu armamento antiaéreo consistia em duas metralhadoras de 13,2 milímetros.

Construção e histórico de serviço
O Domenico Millelire teve sua quilha batida em 26 de janeiro 1925, pelo estaleiro Odero-Terni-Orlando em Muggiano, La Spezia. Ele foi lançado em 19 de setembro de 1927 e comissionado em 11 de agosto de 1928.

Entre março e setembro de 1933 foi utilizado para dar suporte a travessia do Atlântico de Italo Balbo: junto com seu irmão Balilla e as canhoneiras Biglieri e Matteucci, ele cruzou o Atlântico sob o comando do tenente-comandante Franco Zannoni; serviu de farol e informava as condições meteorológicas aos aviões de Balbo; esta viagem serviu também para testar as qualidades de navegação em alto-mar do Balilla, elas foram consideradas boas. Uma vez em Chicago, o submarino foi visitado por Italo Balbo que então fez um discurso à tripulação.

Sua primeira patrulha, durante a Segunda Guerra, foi fazer uma emboscada no Canale di Caso. Ele permaneceu nessa patrulha a partir do dia 19 de agosto de 1940 até 9 de setembro do mesmo ano. Sua segunda patrulha consistiu em um ataque malsucedido a um submarino nas proximidades do Canal de Otranto.

No dia 15 de maio de 1941, o Domenico Millelire foi desarmado e convertido em um navio de combustível sob a sigla GR 248. Durante seu serviço para a Marina Militare, participou de quatro emboscadas e sete viagens entre portos italianos. Após a guerra, foi vendido para a Pirelli a fim de se tornar um navio de transporte de borracha em 1948 até que em 1978 foi desmontado.

Bibliografia

Submarinos da Itália
La Spezia (província)
Submarinos da Itália na Segunda Guerra Mundial

Domenico Millelire (submarino)


Karoline Guthke (* 1974 in München; bisweilen auch als Karo Guthke geführt) ist eine deutsche Schauspielerin, Regisseurin und Synchronsprecherin.

Leben
Nach dem Abitur absolvierte Karoline Guthke eine Schauspielausbildung am Münchner Schauspiel Studio. Zusätzlich besuchte Workshops und nahm Unterricht bei verschiedenen namhaften Schauspiellehrern wie Sanford Meisner. Ihre Ausbildung schloss sie mit einem Diplom an der renommierten American Academy of Dramatic Arts ab. Darüber hinaus ist sie ausgebildete Mezzosopranistin.

Seit Ende der 1990er Jahre ist Karoline Guthke als Schauspielerin vorwiegend auf der Theaterbühne zu sehen wie beispielsweise am Theater44 in München, an der Salzburger Elisabethbühne, am dortigen Schauspielhaus, in Berlin und am Theater an der Effingerstrasse in Bern. Sie spielte Hauptrollen wie die der "Franziska" in Roland Schimmelpfennigs Die arabische Nacht am Schauspielhaus Salzburg in der Regie von Franz-Josef Heumannskämper und die der "Maria Tura" in der von Stefan Meier inszenierten Schweizer Erstaufführung von Sein oder Nichtsein nach Melchior Lengyel. 2011 inszenierte sie Markus Köbelis Zimmer frei im Theater an der Effingerstraße in Bern sowie in der Spielzeit 2011/2012 Weniger 2 nach Samuel Benchetrit.

Daneben übernimmt Karoline Guthke auch regelmäßig Rollen in Film- und Fernsehproduktionen. Sie spielte im Liebesfilm Küste der Träume nach Rosamunde Pilcher sowie eine der Hauptrollen im Kinofilm Aphrodites Nacht. Außerdem übernahm sie zahlreiche Gastrollen in Fernsehserien und -reihen wie Kanal Fatal, Der Bulle von Tölz, Siska, Lindenstraße, Für alle Fälle Stefanie, Die Rote Meile und Die Rosenheim-Cops. In Forsthaus Falkenau verkörperte sie die wiederkehrende Rolle der "Konstanze Tannrath".

Darüber hinaus ist sie auch umfangreich als Synchronsprecherin tätig. So lieh sie ihre Stimme zahlreichen international bekannten Schauspielkolleginnen wie Jessica Biel in Blade: Trinity, Ali Larter in Final Destination und Final Destination 2, Clea DuVall in The Faculty, Rachel Stevens in S Club 7 in Miami sowie Sara Gilbert als "Darlene Conner" in der Comedy-Serie Roseanne.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1995: Ich bin unschuldig – Ärztin im Zwielicht
 1997: Der große Lacher
 1999: Schmetterlinge der Nacht
 1999: Rosamunde Pilcher: Küster der Träume
 2000: Bis dass dein Tod uns scheidet
 2005: Aphrodites Nacht
 2006: Die Rosenheim-Cops – Erpresser leben gefährlich
 2008: Forsthaus Falkenau
 2011: Mord in bester Gesellschaft – Das Ende vom Lied (Folge 8)

Weblinks

 Homepage von Karo Guthke

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Theaterschauspieler
Synchronsprecher
Deutscher
Geboren 1974
Frau

Karoline Guthke


Caatinganthus harleyi, južnoamerička vrsta dvosupnice iz porodice glavočika. Endem u brazilskoj državi Bahia. Raste u bazenu gornjeg toka rijeke São Francisco. Opisana je tek 1999

Izvori

Caatinganthus

Caatinganthus harleyi


Anina () es una ciudad con estatus de oraș de Rumania en el distrito de Caraș-Severin.

Geología
En 2002, los más antiguos restos humanos modernos en Europa fueron descubiertos en una cueva cerca de Anina. Apodado "Ion din Anina" ( Juan de Anina ), los restos (la mandíbula inferior) son unos 42.000 años de antigüedad.
Anina representa una de las localidades más importantes de los Cárpatos del sur de fósiles del Jurásico, las plantas y los animales, ya que el patrimonio geológico aquí es particularmente diversa y bien conservada (Popa, 2001, 2005). Anina es un fósil-Lagerstätte para la biota del Jurásico Temprano, lo terrestre Formación Steierdorf-Hettangiense Sinemuriano de la grabación de una riquísima asociación floral, pistas de vertebrados e invertebrados, huellas y madrigueras. Este patrimonio paleontológico fue descubierto también por las obras mineras importantes, como las minas subterráneas y minas a cielo abierto, las obras que permiten los tres estudios dimensionales de los depósitos continentales, una oportunidad única en Europa y en el mundo, hasta que el lamentable del cierre de la última gran mina en 2006. Aun así, los vertederos de estériles de las antiguas minas y las antiguas minas a cielo abierto de Ponor y Colonia Ceha muy ricos en material vegetal, y que representan el tema de la conservación local, como sitios o Sitios de Especial Interés Científico (SEIC) en conserva.
El Jurásico temprano (Hettangiense - Sinemuriano) flora está representada por Briófitos (hepáticas), pteridofitas (Filicopsida, Sphenopsida, Lycopsida) y gimnospermas (Pteridospermopsida, Ginkgopsida, Cycadopsida, Coniferopsida), con numerosos generadores de carbón (Givulescu, 1998, Popa y Van Konijnenburg - Van Cittert, 2005). Túneles de vertebrados muy raros se han descrito recientemente (Popa y Kedzior, 2006), estas madrigueras se informó anteriormente sólo de tres apariciones en el mundo (Sudáfrica, Arizona y Argentina), pistas de tetrápodos como Batrachopus cf. deweyi (Popa, 2000), y pistas de saurópodos de Parabrontopodus sp. Tipo (Pienkowski et al., 2009).

Vista desde Oravița - Anina tren de montaña en 2010.

Casas cerca de la Oravița - tren de montaña Anina.
Las formaciones marinas del Jurásico Medio son también extremadamente rica en invertebrados marinos y flotaban restos florales, mientras que el Jurásico Superior y Cretácico Inferior pantalla unidades de cuenca y características de la plataforma de carbonatos (Bucur, 1997).
El patrimonio industrial minero de carbón también es muy significativa, con la arquitectura y pozos que todavía se conservan, como el Pit Norte (Anina Pit I), Pit II, Pit IV (al lado del Valle de Terezia) industrial austriaco. Actividades de la minería del carbón se inició en 1792, después del primer afloramiento de carbón fue descubierto por Matthew Hammer.
El ferrocarril Anina-Oravita fue el primero en Rumania, construido en 1856, que todavía está en uso hoy en día con fines turísticos, y es uno de los más bellos ferrocarriles en Europa debido a la muy pintorescos paisajes, viaductos y túneles de gran longitud.
Anina se produce entre Parque nacional Cheile Nerei-Beuşniţa y Parque nacional Semenic-Cheile Caraşului, y debido a su patrimonio natural e industrial merece el estatus de un geoparque, un estado muy necesaria para una importante área tan geológico e histórico.

Geografía

Se encuentra a una altitud de 583  a 473 km de la capital, Bucarest.

Demografía
Según estimación 2012 contaba con una población de 9 070 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth.

Localidades del distrito de Caraș-Severin

Anina


Approbation dignité (, abrégé en AD) est une coalition politique chilienne de gauche à extrême gauche fondée le  par les coalitions Front large et , qui est composée de partis, mouvements et organisations issus de la société civile.

Historique

Contexte
Le pacte « Apruebo Dignidad » est à l'origine une tentative de réunir le pôle gauche dans une grande alliance. Pendant la pandémie de Covid-19, il y a diverses tentatives pour une recherche d'une unité au sein de l'opposition. Notamment « Pliego Popular », une plateforme réunissant des partis et mouvements politiques de gauche afin d'établir des propositions économiques et sociales au Congrès national dans le contexte du Covid-19 au Chili.

Formation

Parmi les membres d'Approbation dignité se trouvent les notamment coalitions Front large et , entre autres organisations et mouvements. Le 5 février 2021, les axes programmatiques de la coalition ont été définis pour l'élaboration de la nouvelle Constitution politique de la République. Cet événement a réuni des personnalités sociales et politiques telles que Beatriz Sánchez, par exemple. 26

Après le résultat des élections constituantes de 2021, les partis ont confirmé une primaire présidentielle d'Approbation dignité et l'officialisation de la coalition électorale le 19 mai, sur fond de pourparlers qui ont échoué avec le Parti socialiste. Ces primaires voyaient s'affronter Daniel Jadue, candidat du Parti communiste, soutenu par la coalition  et Fédération Socialiste Verte Régionaliste, par exemple. Il est opposé au député Gabriel Boric, soutenu largement par la coalition et les partis du Front large.

Le 18 juillet 2021, a eu lieu la primaire présidentielle d'Approbation dignité, dont le vainqueur est le militant et député membre du parti Convergence sociale, Gabriel Boric, sorti vainqueur avec 60,43%, il est ainsi désigné candidat de la coalition à l'élection présidentielle chilienne de 2021.

À la suite de cette élection primaire, la coalition envisage de construire une liste unique pour les élections parlementaires de 2021, ce qui a été réalisé avec succès pour novembre 2021.

Le 11 août est officialisée la formation d'un groupe parlementaire d'Approbation Dignité, composée des partis et mouvements de la coalition qui disposent d'une représentation parlementaire (CS, RD, Communes, , PPCh, FREVS). L'objectif du groupe serait de réaliser une meilleure coordination parlementaire pour faire face aux projets qui seront débattus à la Chambre des députées et députés, comme la loi des 40 heures, la taxe sur les super riches, entre autres. De même, lors de l'événement, le soutien à la candidature de Gabriel Boric à la présidence a été ratifié.

Élection présidentielle de 2021

Au premier tour de l'élection présidentielle, qui s'est tenu le 21 novembre 2021, Gabriel Boric obtient 25,83 % des voix, il se retrouve au second tour face à José Antonio Kast, candidat d'extrême droite à 27,91% des voix.

Au second tour de l'élection présidentielle, qui a eu lieu le 19 décembre, Gabriel Boric est élu président de la République avec 55,87% des voix. Il prend officiellement ses fonctions le 11 mars 2022.

Composition

De plus, ces mouvements ou partis politiques sans statut légaux sont enregistrée dans la coalition :

Résultats électoraux

Élections présidentielles

Élections parlementaires

Élections constituantes

Notes et références

Voir aussi

liens externes
  Site officiel

Chili
Coalition de partis au Chili
Extrême gauche au Chili
Parti politique écosocialiste
Parti politique de gauche antilibéral
Parti politique écologiste en Amérique
Parti politique socialiste ou social-démocrate en Amérique

Approbation dignité


Gernot Trauner, né le  à Linz en Autriche, est un footballeur international autrichien évoluant au poste de défenseur central au Feyenoord Rotterdam.

Biographie

En club
Né à Linz en Autriche, Gernot Trauner est formé par le club de sa ville natale, le LASK Linz. C'est avec ce club qu'il entame sa carrière professionnelle, jouant son premier match le , lors d'une rencontre de championnat contre le SV Ried. Il entre en jeu à la place de René Aufhauser et son équipe s'incline ce jour-là par un but à zéro.

Le  est annoncé le transfert de Gernot Trauner au SV Ried, club avec lequel il signe un contrat de trois ans. Il joue son premier match pour le SV Ried le , face au SK Sturm Graz, en championnat. Il entre en jeu lors de cette rencontre perdue par son équipe.

Le  est annoncé le transfert de Gernot Trauner au LASK Linz en même temps que deux autres joueurs, Alexander Schlager et . Trauner quitte donc le SV Ried, qui vient d'être relégué en deuxième division et retrouve au LASK son ancien entraîneur, Oliver Glasner, qui l'a justement coaché au SV Ried. Le défenseur s'engage pour un contrat courant jusqu'en juin 2020.

Avec le LASK, Gernot Trauner participe à la Ligue Europa. Il inscrit un but en phase de groupe contre le Sporting Portugal en décembre 2019. Il atteint en 2020 les huitièmes de finale de cette compétition, en étant éliminé par le club anglais de Manchester United.

Le , Gernot Trauner s'engage en faveur du Feyenoord Rotterdam, signant un contrat courant jusqu'en juin 2025. C'est , fraichement débarqué au Feyenoord en tant que recruteur en , qui le repère et est à l'origine de son transfert. L'international autrichien s'impose immédiatement au sein de l'équipe dirigée par Arne Slot, devenant un pilier de la défense et vite adopté par les supporters.

Le 21 mars 2023, Trauner prolonge son contrat avec le Feyenoord. Il est alors lié au club jusqu'en juin 2026.

En équipe nationale
Avec les moins de 19 ans, il participe au championnat d'Europe des moins de 19 ans en 2010. Lors de cette compétition organisée en France, il joue trois matchs. Il se met en évidence en marquant un but lors de la première rencontre face à l'Angleterre. Toutefois, avec un bilan d'une victoire et deux défaites, l'Autriche est éliminée dès le premier tour.

Gernot Trauner honore sa première sélection avec l'équipe nationale d'Autriche face au Danemark, le . Il entre en jeu à la place de Louis Schaub lors de cette rencontre qui voit les Autrichiens s'incliner sur le score de deux buts à zéro. Il inscrit son premier but en sélection le , à l'occasion d'un match amical contre le Luxembourg. Titulaire, il ouvre le score de la tête, et son équipe s'impose par trois buts à zéro.

Palmarès
 Vice-champion d'Autriche en 2019 avec le LASK Linz
 Finaliste de la Coupe d'Autriche en 2021 avec le LASK Linz

Références

Liens externes

Footballeur international autrichien
Joueur du LASK Linz
Joueur du SV Ried
Joueur du Feyenoord Rotterdam
Naissance en mars 1992
Naissance à Linz

Gernot Trauner


Mélange refiere a un cuerpo de roca de tamaño cartografiable con una estructura ínterna fragmentada que incluye grandes bloques y con una matriz comúnmente deformada. Las mélanges a menudo contienen tectonitas. El término es principalmente descriptivo ya que los procesos involucrados en la formación de mélanges son diversos. El término mélange se difundió ampliamente entre geólogos luego de una conferencia geológica en 1978 en Santa Bárbara, California, sobre el tema.

Referencias

Rocas metamórficas
Rocas sedimentarias
Brechas

Mélange


جليب الشيوخ منطقة تابعة لمحافظة الفروانية في الكويت وتعد من أقدم المناطق في دولة الكويت، تبعد 13 كم إلى الجنوب الغربي من العاصمة، وكانت قديماً منطقة صحراوية بها عدد من الآبار يلتف حولها البدو الرحل، وأساسها بئر (باللهجة الكويتية:جليب) حفرها الشيخان محمد بن صباح الصباح وجراح بن صباح الصباح أخوي الشيخ مبارك بن صباح الصباح، ومن هنا أتت تسمية المنطقة بجليب الشيوخ.

يبلغ عدد سكان منطقة جليب الشيوخ 303 ألف حسب إحصاء 2020 لهيئة المعلومات المدنية في الكويت لتصبح بذلك جليب الشيوخ هي أكبر مدينة كويتية من حيث عدد السكان
وتحتوي مدينة جليب الشيوخ على عدة اماكن سياحة يمكن زيارتها منها حديقة جليب الشيوخ التي تحتوي على منتزه عائلي بالإضافة إلى مسرح في الهواء الطلق وحديقة ترفيهية مصغرة اما الوجهة السياحية الثانية هي منطقة المجمعات التجارية التي تحوي على عدد من الاسواق التجارية ومنها سوق السفير الذي يعتبر من اقدم الاسواق في منطقة الجليب.

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في الكويت
جغرافيا الكويت

جليب الشيوخ


عقد 1430 هو عقد امتد بين 1 يناير 1430 و31 ديسمبر 1439 بحسب التقويم الميلادي. سبقه عقد 1420 ولحقه عقد 1440.

أحداث

 قائمة مسلسلات رمضان 2013 (1434)

مواليد

 جون نيفيل (1431)
 أبو العباس الونشريسي (1431)
 أندريا مانتينيا (1431)
 بياتريس من البرتغال (1430)
 جاسبر تيودور (1431)
 ويليام هاستينغز (1431)
 جيمس الثاني ملك اسكتلندا (1430)
 مارغريت أنجو (1430)
 كانو ماسانوبو (1434)
 جيجك خاتون (1431)
 ابن العيني (1433)

وفيات

 ألان شارتييه (1430)
 تشنغ خه (1433)
 علي بن أحمد المهائمي (1431)
 يانوس ملك قبرص (1432)
 أبو عبد الله محمد الثامن (1431)
 دهماء بنت يحيى (1434)
 فيتاوتاس (1430)
 العباس المستعين بالله (1430)
 نعمة الله ولي (1431)
 بيكاردا بويري (1433)
 فيليبا الإنجليزية (1430)

كتب

 موسوعة حضارة العالم (2002) لأحمد محمد عوف.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

 تصفح سنة بسنة عقد 1430 ابتداءً من

عقد 1430


Maggie Steed (nacida como Margaret Baker, el 1 de diciembre de 1946) es una actriz y comediante inglesa.

Carrera
Steed trabaja regularmente en el escenario y ha actuado en Royal National Theatre y Royal Shakespeare Company. También ha actuado como comediante. Su primer papel en televisión fue interpretando a Rita Moon en la serie Shine on Harvey Moon. También es conocida por interpretar a Margaret Crabbe en Pie in the Sky y Phyllis Woolf en Born and Bred.

Filmografía
 Babylon (1980) .... Mujer
 The History Man (1981) .... Myra Beamish
 Intimate Contact (1987) .... Becca Crichton
 Blood Rights (1990) .... Tess Barker
 Clothes in the Wardrobe (1992) .... Mrs. Raffald
 Growing Rich (1992) .... Raelene
 Olly's Prison (1993) .... Ellen
 Simon Magus (1999) .... Muttchen
 Stardom (2000) .... Reportera
 The Painted Veil (2006) .... Mrs Garstin
 The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009) .... Mujer de Louis Vuitton
 A Promise (2013) .... Frau Hermann

Créditos en televisión
 Coronation Street – como Ellen Smith (1970)
 Shine on Harvey Moon – como Rita Moon (1982)
 Minder – "Broken Arrow" como Sherry (1982)
 The Young Ones – "Demolition" (1982) y "Sick" (1984)
 Victoria Wood As Seen On TV – "The Making of Acorn Antiques" como Marion Clune (1985)
 Intimate Contact - Becca Crichton (1987)
 Lovejoy – "One Born Every Minute" como oanna (1991)
 Red Dwarf – "Quarantine" como Dr. Hildegarde Lanstrom (1992)
 Lipstick on Your Collar – como Tía Vickie (1993)
 Martin Chuzzlewit – como Mrs. Todgers (1994)
 Pie in the Sky – como Margaret Crabbe (1994-1997)
 Inspector Morse – "Death Is Now My Neighbour" como Angela Storrs (1997)
 Let Them Eat Cake – como Madame Vigée-Lebrun (1999)
 Midsomer Murders – "Judgement Day" como Rosemary Furman (2000)
 Foyle's War – "The White Feather" como Margaret Ellis (2002)
 French and Saunders –
 Born and Bred – Phyllis Woolf (2002-2005)
 Jam and Jerusalem (2006-2009) – Eileen
 New Tricks – "Dockers" como Rose Dyer (2006)
 Sensitive Skin como Veronica
 My Family como Mrs Philbin (2008)
 Lark Rise to Candleford (2009)
 Whites (2010)
 ''32 Brinkburn Street (2011) - Elizabeth

Referencias

Actrices de cine de Inglaterra
Actrices de teatro de Inglaterra
Actrices de televisión de Inglaterra
Nacidos en Plymouth

Maggie Steed


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Bođucu, (jap.: 棒術; Bōjutsu), japanska borilačka vještina u kojoj se koristi štap bo.

Bo

Izvori

Vanjske povezice
 Bōjutsu

Japanske borilačke vještine

Bođucu


Vanuatu deltog første gang i olympiske lege under Sommer-OL 1988 i Seoul, og har siden deltaget i samtlige efterfølgende sommerlege. De har aldrig deltaget i vinterlege. Vanuatu har aldrig vundet nogen medalje.

Medaljeoversigt

Eksterne henvisninger
 Vanuatus OL-statistik  på Sports-reference.com

Vanuatu ved sommer-OL
OL

Vanuatu ved OL


was a town located in Yamagata District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,315 and a density of 44.91 persons per km². The total area was 96.09 km². The town was the birthplace of Imperial Japanese Navy aviator and later politician Minoru Genda.

On October 1, 2004, Kake, along with the town of Togouchi, and the village of Tsutsuga (all from Yamagata District), was merged to create the town of Akiōta.

External links
 Official website of Akiōta

Dissolved municipalities of Hiroshima Prefecture
Akiōta, Hiroshima

Kake, Hiroshima