Su Altı Taarruz Komutanlığı (SAT), Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri personeli olan subay ve astsubayların arasından seçilen, üstün yetenekli askerlerden oluşan, Türkiye'nin deniz komando birliğidir. Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri Harekât Başkanlığına bağlıdır. Karargâhı Beykoz'un Anadolukavağı semtinde bulunan Keçilik Koyu'ndadır.

Tarihi
1963 yılında Su Altı Komando adı altında kurulmuştur. Sualtı Taarruz Komutanlığı, Türk Deniz Kuvvetlerinin ilk ve tek deniz komando birliği olup, misyonu ve özel harekât icra etmesi sebebiyle Dalgıç ve Sualtı Savunma Grup Komutanlığının bağlı bulunduğu Kurtarma ve Sualtı Komutanlığından çıkarılarak, doğrudan Deniz Kuvvetleri Komutanlığına bağlanmıştır.

Görevi
Sualtı Taarruz Komutanlığı Özel Harekât kapsamında üç ana görevi icra etmektedir. Bunlar baskın, sabotaj, hedef işaretleme, sinsi taarruz, sızma gibi görevlerden oluşan Doğrudan Eylemler, düşman topraklarında keşif yapma ve istihbarat toplama faaliyetlerinden oluşan Özel Keşif ve İstihbarat Toplama, dost ve müttefiklere eğitim, yardım ve destek faaliyetlerden oluşan Askerî Destek görevleridir. SAT timleri savaş şartlarında su altından, su üstünden, karadan veya havadan düşmanın kıyıdaki kritik tesislerine ve yüzer platformlarına sinsi taarruz, sabotaj ve baskın yaparlar. Ön kuvvet harekâtı kapsamında çıkartma yapılacak kıyının su altından keşfi ve sahilin planının çıkartılmasında ve yabancı limanlarda kontrol sağlanmasında görev alırlar.

Özel Kuvvetler Komutanlığı ile harekât icra eden tek deniz komando birliğidir.

Eğitim
SAT komandoları, Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri personeli olan tüm astsubay ve subayların katılabileceği komando birimidir. Açılımı Sualtı Taaruz olan SAT eğitimi ve seçimleri konusunda Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Navy SEALs'a benzer. Deniz Kuvvetleri bünyesinde SAT Grup Komutanlığı 1963 yılında kurulmuştur. İlk personelleri ABD Navy SEALs kursu eğitimi görmüştür.

Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri'nde Komando ihtisas kursu olarak iki kurs vardır. Biri Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı'nda verilen yaklaşık 9 ay süre ile Piyade Komando İhtisas kursu digeri ise SAT Komando İhtisas kursudur.

Deniz Kuvvetlerin'de verilen Deniz Komando Temel Kursu ise Amfibi Deniz Piyade Komutanlığında verilir.

SAT komandosu olmak
Deniz kuvvetleri bünyesinde görev yapan tüm subay ve astsubayların mezuniyeti ardından veya görevleri esnasında yapılacak duyurunun akabinde gönüllü olarak dilekçeyle eğitime başvurması gerekir. Başvuru yapan kişiler belirli seçmelerden geçer.

İlk seçim
Eğitime katılmak için öncelikle başvuru sahibinin;

 Deniz kuvvetleri bünyesinde subay veya astsubay olması
 19 ila 28 yaş arasında olması ve 29 yaşından gün almaması
 Sağlık muayenesinden tam not almak
 Basınç odası testini tamamlamak
 Gönüllü müracaat etmesi
 Göz numara probleminin olmaması

Fiziksel Eğitim Geliştirme Programı (8 hafta)
Başvuruda bulunan personel 8 hafta boyunca ön fiziki yeterlilik programına katılır ve fiziksel olarak bir SAT komandosu kursuna katılabilmesi amacıyla kuvvet tarafından eğitime alınır.

Eğitim girecek personelin şunları önden başarıyor olması gerekir;

 3000 metre koşu (14,5) dakikada bitirmek
 5 tekrar barfiks
 25 tekrar mekik
 25 tekrar şınav
 150 metre su üstü yüzmesi (4 dakika içinde)
 15 metre su altı yüzme
 Serbest Stil, Yan yüzme, Kurbağalama Yüzme biliyor olmak
 Fiziki olarak yeterli olmak

Eğitim sürecinde koşu, mekik, şınav, barfiks, yüzme tarzında basit spor kampı uygulanır. Amaç kursa girecek personelin hazır olmasını sağlamaktır.

Kamp sonunda

 3000 metre koşuyu 12 dakikada bitirmek
 15 tekrar barfiks
 70 tekrar mekik
 80 tekrar şınav
 400 metre kurbağalama yüzmeyi en fazla 10 dakikada bitirmek
 2000 metre paletli yüzmeyi 45 dakikada bitirmek
 25 metre su altı yüzme

yapabiliyor olmalıdır.

Kurbağa adam kursu (8 haftalık)
Personelin yüzme, sızma, deniz operasyonları, savaş dalışı, fiziksel kondisyon tarzı temel eğitimleri aldığı kursudur.

Muharebe kursu (8 hafta)
Kara savaşı aşaması, sınıfa temel silahları, yıkımları, kara seyrüseferini, devriye gezmeyi, iple çekmeyi, nişancılık, piyade taktiklerini ve küçük birim taktiklerini öğretir. Üçüncü aşamada, sınıfa genel görevi tamamlayacak bilgileri toplaması ve işlemesi öğretilir. Harita, pusula, kara navigasyonu ve temel silah beceri setlerini öğreten daha fazla sınıf çalışması var. Bu beceri setleri, sınıfın acemi becerilerden sahada daha rahat olmaya geçmesine izin verir. Bu eğitimin çoğu sınıf için yenidir ve öğrenme temposu gittikçe hızlanır.

Bu aşamadan sonra cehennem haftası gelir.

Cehennem Haftası (1 hafta)
Cehennem haftası anlık olarak başlar, personel standart eğitimini görürken aniden yapılan baskınla personel cehennem haftasına başlar.

Ciddi bir harp senaryosunun uygulandığı, günde aday personelin maksimum 2 saat uyuyabildiği karada ve denizde eğitimlerin yapıldığı aşırı psikolojik yoğunluğun olduğu 5 günlük yoğunluğa sahip bir haftadır.

Dağ haftası (1 hafta)

Personel bir dağa 1 hafta boyunca bırakılır ve sadece arazide buldukları ile hayatta kalmaya çalışır.

Teknik ve bireysel eğitimler (20 hafta)

Personel tahrip, sıhhiye, savaş normları, helikopter sevki, sevk ve idare gibi teknik eğitimler alır.

Taktik eğitimler (12 haftalık)

Tamamen SAT görevlerine odaklanmış ve içinde birkaç kurs bulunduran eğitimler haftasıdır.

 Yakın mesafe savaşı
 Gemi zapt müsadere
 Anti-terör
 Baskın-sabotaj
 Harp eğitimi
 Gelişmiş Taaruz
 VIP koruma
 Teknik Gözetleme

gibi eğitimler verilir.

Hava indirme kursu (1 hafta)

Personel 9000 feet civarında hava indirme eğitimlerini tamamlayarak ihtisas eğitiminin son aşamasını tamamlar.

Mezuniyet

Kurs eğitimleri İzmir, Uzunada'da tamamlanır. Kursu bitirenler 2 görev yeri olan İstanbul, Anadolu Kavağı (Kuzey SAT Grup Komutanlığı) veya Uzun Ada(Güney SAT Grup Komutanlığı)'nda görevlendirilir.

Mezun personeller görevlerini Türkiye'nin askeri açıdan ihtiyaç duyduğu tüm bölgelerde operasyonel olarak sürdürür. Görevleri sadece deniz ile sınırlı değildir.

2015 yılında SAT kursiyerlerinin zorlu 50 haftalık eğitimlerinin bir kısmının görüntülendiği "Özel Tim" adlı belgesel, TRT Belgesel kanalında yayınlanmıştır.

Harekatları

 Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı'nda kıyıya ilk çıkan TSK unsuru SAT komandoları olmuştur. Su altından sızarak karaya çıkan 15 SAT Komandosu amfibi harekâtı öncesinde çıkartma yapılacak sahili belirlemişlerdir.
1993 yılında uyuşturucu yüklü olduğu tespit edilen Lucky-S adlı gemiye Akdeniz açıklarında operasyon düzenlenmiş ve 14 ton uyuşturucu ele geçirilmiştir.
 25 Aralık 1995 tarihinde Figen Akat isimli bir Türk yük gemisinin Kardak kayalıklarında karaya oturmasının ardından ilk defa kamuoyu gündemine gelen SAT komandoları, başarı ile 31 Ocak 1996 tarihinde Kardak Kayalıkları'na Yunan OYK Komandolarının arasından sızmışlardır.
 1996'da Çeçen militanlarca kaçırılan Avrasya feribotuna müdahale etmişlerdir.
 1997'de Arnavutluk'da çıkan karışıklık sonucunda başkent Tiran'da mahsur kalan 253 vatandaşın kurtarılmasında görev almışlardır.
 2011'de PKK tarafından rehine alınan Kartepe adlı deniz otobüsündeki rehinelerin kurtarılması operasyonuna katılan SAT Timi gemiye gizlice sızarak üzerinde patlayıcı bulunan teröristi etkisiz hale getirmiş ve hiçbir sivil zarar görmeden görevlerini başarıyla tamamlamışlardır.
 2012 yılında NATO'nun deniz haydutluğuna karşı düzenlediği Okyanus Kalkanı Harekâtı'na katılmışlar ve 7 Yemenli denizciyi kurtarmışlardır.
 Fırat Kalkanı, Zeytin Dalı Harekatı ve Doğu Akdeniz'de Akdeniz Kalkanı Harekâtı'na katılmışlardır.

Projeler
2017 yılında Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi (YTÜ) ile yapılan antlaşmada üniversitenin SAT komandoları için 4 kişilik denizaltı intikal aracı (SDV) üretmesi kararlaştırılmış, SAT Komutanlığı proje için elindeki mini denizaltı prototipini üniversiteye hibe etti.

Galeri

Ayrıca bakınız

Türk Özel Kuvvetleri
Muharebe Arama Kurtarma (MAK)

Kaynakça

Türk Deniz Kuvvetlerinin askerî birimleri
Türkiye'nin özel kuvvetleri
Zeytin Dalı Harekâtı'ndaki askerî birim ve gruplar
Donanma özel harekât birimleri

Su Altı Taarruz Komutanlığı


Alex Bag (* 1969 in New York City, New York) ist eine US-amerikanische Künstlerin, die das Massenmedium Fernsehen und den Kunstbetrieb vorwiegend mit Videokunst kritisch begleitet.

Leben und Werk
Der Vater von Alex Bag arbeitete in der Werbung. Seine professionellen Produktionen schienen Alex Bag in ihrer Kindheit "genauso spannend und wichtig wie traditionelle Schöne Künste" zu sein. Nach ihrem Abschluss als Bachelor of Fine Arts am Cooper Union College 1991, hatte Alex Bag bereits 1994 die erste Einzelausstellung in der New Yorker "303 Gallery", die bekannte zeitgenössische Künstler vertritt. Alex Bag lehrte an der Yale University, an der Parsons School of Design, am Californian Institute of the Arts, und hat am Getty Research Institute gearbeitet.

An Arbeiten Alex Bags werden Wechselwirkungen zwischen Hoch- und Populärkultur sichtbar. Die Künstlerin analysiert zudem strukturelle Charakteristika und ökonomische Gesetzmäßigkeiten des Kunstbetriebs. Es werden unterschiedliche Bereiche der Medien- und Konsumkultur berührt, wie Soap Operas, Mode und Werbung. Oft geht es um die Fernsehkultur: "Fernsehen ist schrecklich, aber ich kann nicht aufhören, hinzusehen. Es wird so sehr erwartet, dass deine Freizeit so sein soll, dass es akzeptiert ist, die Zeit nur als Absorber und Zombie zu verbringen. Ich fühle mich gezwungen darauf zu antworten, um irgendwie als Mensch zu reagieren." In ihren Video-Performances, die sie dem Massenmedium Fernsehen entgegensetzt, tritt Alex Bag mit Ironie und Humor in einer Vielzahl von Rollen auf.

Obwohl Alex Bag sich wie die Pop Artisten auf Popkultur und Massenmedien bezieht, ist ihre Arbeit gesellschaftskritisch. "Pop-Art hat viele gute Seiten, aber auch schreckliche, denke ich. Die Pop-Künstler akzeptierten ihre Situation und erlaubten sich, auf die Welt um sie herum zu verweisen, sie zu betrachten, sich von ihr inspirieren zu lassen und sie zu untersuchen, um nicht im Elfenbeinturm von ihr isoliert zu sein. Aber gleichzeitig beschränkten sie sich selbst so sehr auf den Glanz der Oberflächen. Sie wiederholen populäre Bildwelten ohne wirklich etwas zu sagen, es ist frei von Politik."

Künstlerische Arbeiten

Im Video Untitled Fall '95 (1995) spielt Alex Bag eine fiktive Kunststudentin, die über ihr angebliches Leben und Studium an der School of Visual Arts, einer der führenden privaten Kunsthochschulen in New York City, erzählt. Wie in einem Videotagebuch spricht die Studentin Gedanken zu Leben und Kunst direkt in die Kamera. Die Abschnitte des Tagebuchs werden durch Clips zu unterschiedlichen Themen getrennt oder ergänzt. Inhaltlich spielt das Video mit der romantischen Vorstellung vom Künstler und der Desillusionierung im Kunstbetrieb.

Im Video Untitled (Project for the Andy Warhol Museum) (1996) wird die Erfahrung des Zappens und Kanalsurfens wiederholt. Die kurzen Werbeeinblendungen, Ausschnitte aus Talkshows mit TV-Prominenten, Seifenopern und Nachrichtensendungen sind von der Künstlerin selbst produziert.

Performances
 1995 Thread Waxing Space, New York
 1996 The Alterknit Theatre. The Knitting Factory, New York
 1996 "Utopian Art Festival." Hotel 17, New York
 1996 "Circus of the Stars." Hotel 17, New York

Einzelausstellungen
 1994 303 Gallery, New York
 1996 Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh
 1996 Emi Fontana Gallery, Mailand, Italien
 1996 Marta Cervera Gallery, Madrid
 1998 Zaal de Unie, Rotterdam
 1999 Galerie Almine Rech, Paris
 2000 12 Spells. American Fine Arts Co., New York
 2000 All You Need is Love. Laznia Center for Contemporary Art (Centrum Sztuki Współczesnej ŁAŹNIA), Danzig, Polen
 2002 Crack Up. American Fine Arts Co., New York
 2004 Coven Services for Consumer Mesmerism, Product Sorcery, and the Necromantic Reimagination of Consumption. Elizabeth Dee Gallery, New York
 2009 Alex Bag. The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York
 2011 Alex Bag. Migros Museum für Gegenwartskunst, Zürich

Ausstellungsbeteiligungen
 1997 Up Close and Personal. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA
 2000 Performing Bodies. Tate Gallery, London
 2000 Elysian Fields. Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris
 2005 Day Labor. MoMA PS1, Long Island City, NY
 2005 BMW. The IX Baltic Triennial of International Art, Contemporary Art Centre, Vilnius, Litauen
 2005 When Humour Becomes Painful. Migros Museum für Gegenwartskunst, Zürich
 2006 Alex Bag, Mike Kelley, Richard Hoeck & John Miller, Babylon Kino, Berlin
 2007 Beneath the Underdog. Gagosian Gallery, New York

Literatur
1996 – Glenn O'Brien: Who's That Girl? frieze magazine, (englisch)
 2004 – David Frankel: TV, or Not TV. Artforum, (englisch)
 2008 – Karen Rosenberg: What's on the Art Box? Spins, Satire and Camp. The New York Times, (englisch)
 2009 – Howard Halle: Alex Bag. Time Out New York, (englisch)
 2011 – Kito Nedo: Trash, Cash, Mashup. art, (deutsch)

Weblinks
 Arttattler Archiv Alex Bag Videostills und Ausstellungstexte (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Performancekünstler  (Vereinigte Staaten)
Videokünstler (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Medienkünstler (Vereinigte Staaten)
Hochschullehrer (Yale University)
Hochschullehrer (California Institute of the Arts)
Hochschullehrer (The New School)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1969
Frau

Alex Bag


Skeletna gradnja (njem. Fachwerk), način gradnje u kojoj su vanjski i unutarnji zidovi izrađeni od drvenih okvira, a prostor između njih ispunjen različitim građevinskim materijalima, od cigle i žbuke do pletera s ilovačom. Vodoravno postavljeni trupci, ojačani dijagonalama nose teret krova ostavljajući zidove bez nosive uloge.

U njemačkoj postoji Cesta skeletne gradnje, duga 3 000 kilometara, koja prolazi kroz šest saveznih država s tradicijom takve gradnje.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Arhitektura
Srednji vijek

Skeletna gradnja


Jenny Alm (født 10. April 1989 i Uddevalla, Sverige) er en tidligere svensk håndboldspiller, der optrådte i den danske liga og for det svenske landshold. Hun deltog bl.a. under VM 2011 i Brasilien.

Hun har tidligere spillet for København Håndbold, Team Esbjerg, IK Sävehof og HF Kroppskultur Dam.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Spillerprofil - Team Esbjerg

Håndboldspillere fra Sverige

Jenny Alm


إسطورة سبايرو: المساء اللامتناهي لعبة فيديو تعتبر الجزء التاسع من سلسلة سبايرو و الجزء الثاني من إسطورة سبايرو الثلاثية، أصدرت عام 2007 على جهاز ال بلايستايشن 2 و على جهاز الوي و الجيم بوي أدفانس.

انظر أيضًا
 سبايرو (سلسلة)

روابط خارجية

مراجع

ألعاب الهاتف المحمول
ألعاب بلاي ستيشن 2
ألعاب حركة-مغامرات
ألعاب سبايرو
ألعاب سوني إنتراكتيف إنترتينمنت
ألعاب سييرا إنترتينمنت
ألعاب غيم بوي أدفانس
ألعاب فيديو 2007
ألعاب فيديو حول الأحلام
ألعاب فيديو فردية
ألعاب فيديو مطورة في أستراليا
ألعاب فيديو مطورة في الولايات المتحدة
ألعاب منصات ثلاثية الأبعاد
ألعاب نينتندو دي أس
ألعاب وي
تتمة ألعاب فيديو

أسطورة سبايرو: المساء اللامتناهي


The tailed frogs are two species of frogs in the genus Ascaphus, the only taxon in the family Ascaphidae . The "tail" in the name is actually an extension of the male cloaca. The tail is one of two distinctive anatomical features adapting the species to life in fast-flowing streams.  These are the only North American frog species that reproduce by internal fertilization. They are among the most primitive known families of frogs.

Its scientific name means 'without a spade', from the privative prefix a- and the Ancient Greek  (, 'spade, shovel'), referring to the metatarsal spade, which these frogs do not have.

Taxonomy
Until 2001, the genus was believed to be monotypic, the single species being the tailed frog (Ascaphus truei Stejneger, 1899). However, in that year, Nielson, Lohman, and Sullivan published evidence that promoted the Rocky Mountain tailed frog (Ascaphus montanus) from a subspecies to its own species. Since then, the former species has been formally called the coastal tailed frog.

General morphology

The existence of the visible "tail" appendage makes this frog family distinct from all other frogs. Thus, its wider classification is difficult. It is usually classified in the ancient frog suborder Archaeobatrachia, though some say it should be a sister to all other frogs. The "tail" is found only in males, and is actually part of the cloaca, used to insert sperm into the female during mating. This anatomical feature improves breeding success by minimizing loss of sperm in the turbulent, fast-flowing streams inhabited by this species.  Thus, the tailed frogs exhibit internal fertilisation, rather than the external fertilisation found in other frogs.

These frogs are primitive in having a greater number of vertebrae than other frogs, in lacking the ability to vocalise, and in possessing free ribs. They are small – around  long – and are found in steep, fast-flowing streams in Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and northern California in the northwest United States, and southeastern British Columbia (Rocky Mountain Tailed Frog) and coastal BC (Coastal Tailed Frog).

Another primitive trait that tailed frogs contain is a series of antimicrobial peptides called ascaphins. These peptides share minimal genetic characteristics with other peptides secreted by frogs, yet shows some similarities with antibacterial peptides found in African scorpions Pandinus imperator and Opistophthalmus carinatus. The ascaphin peptides are secreted through the skin and imperative in fighting bacteria such as E. coli and S. aureus.

The tailed frogs share certain characteristics with the Leiopelma, a genus of primitive frogs native to New Zealand, with which they may be phylogenetic sister taxa. The prehistoric Vieraella belongs to the tailed frog family.

Mating practices
When attempting to mate, males will lunge at the female, wrapping a forelimb around them to secure them initially in a inguinal plexus formation (males wrap their digits around female anterior to the pelvic region, placing their head on the back and close to the rear of the female) and then in a ventral amplexus formation (female is flipped over and male and female venters face each other). From here, the male inserts the "tail" into the female, and squeezes the female to gain leverage before thrusting. During this process the female is relatively still, occasionally kicking during the insertion process.

In some situations there is male-male competition for the female. In these situations, both males compete to enter the amplexus formation, eventually one establishing a better hold on the female and expelling the other male from the breeding process.  Usually the male that is larger is more likely to succeed.

General habitat

The habitat of the tailed frog is cold, fast-moving streams with cobblestone bottoms. They are mostly aquatic, but adults may emerge during cool, wet conditions to forage terrestrially. Breeding season lasts from May through September, and females deposit their eggs in strings under rocks in fast-moving streams. Larvae take one to four years to metamorphose in the cool, fast-moving mountain streams. The amount of cobbles fines in streams have been shown to be good indicators of tadpole abundance, more of each leading to an increase in tadpoles.

Thermal tolerance range in adults is exceptionally low relative to other North American anurans. Adults have been observed to exhibit extreme philopatry, however, movements and migrational habits in Ascaphus have not been well documented. Adults forage primarily terrestrially along stream banks, but also occasionally feed underwater. A wide variety of food items is taken, including both aquatic and terrestrial larval and adult insects, other arthropods (especially spiders), and snails. Tadpoles consume small quantities of filamentous green algae and desmids. Large quantities of conifer pollen are consumed seasonally by tadpoles.

During the day, adults seek cover under submerged substrates in the stream, or occasionally under similar surface objects close to the stream. Individuals have also been found in crevices in spray-drenched cliff walls near waterfalls. During winter, individuals are less active, especially inland, and appear to retreat beneath large logs and boulders. Tadpoles require cool streams with smooth-surfaced stones with a minimum diameter of . Tadpoles probably spend most of their time attached to such substrates by a large oral sucker. The large, sucker-like mouth parts of the tadpoles are a second distinctive feature of the species, enabling survival in turbulent water unsuitable for other frogs.  They prefer turbulent water to smooth, swiftly flowing water.

References

Excerpt from Zeiner et al. 1988 describing tailed frogs

External links

Archaeobatrachia
Amphibians of Canada
Amphibians of the United States
Fauna of California
Fauna of the Western United States
Endemic fauna of the Pacific Northwest
Taxa named by Leonhard Stejneger
Monogeneric amphibian families

Tailed frog


Edward Jürgens (* 11. Oktober 1824 in Płock; † 3. August 1863 in Warschau) war ein polnischer Freiheitskämpfer deutscher Abstammung, Teilnehmer des Januaraufstandes 1863/1864, Anführer der Warschauer "Millener"-Gruppe. Er war Mitglied der Evangelisch-Augsburgischen Kirche.

Er war Sohn des deutschen Zimmermannes Heinrich Jürgens aus Holstein und Anna geb. Krüger, Witwe eines Glasermeisters. Edward besuchte das Gymnasium in Płock. Nach dem Abitur als politisch verdächtig wurde er seit 1847 von der russischen Polizei bespitzelt. Er studierte an der Universität in Dorpat (Tartu), nach dem beendeten Studium 1852 ließ er sich in Warschau nieder.

Er war Befürworter der Organischen Arbeit und Gegner des bewaffneten Widerstandes. Er förderte die Abschaffung der Leibeigenschaft der Bauern und die Autonomie von Kongresspolen innerhalb des russischen Imperiums.

Nach dem Beitritt der Millener-Gruppe zur liberalen Partei der "Weißen" wurde er Mitglied des Vorstandes dieser Partei. 1859 wurde er Mitglied eines Komitees zur Vorbereitung eines bewaffneten Aufstandes, 1863 unterstützte er den Januaraufstand.

Während des Aufstandes wurde er von den Russen verhaftet und starb in der Nacht vom 2. August  zum 3. August 1863 im Zehnten Pavillon der Warschauer Zitadelle.

Er wurde zuerst auf dem Powązki-Friedhof, dann auf dem Evangelisch-Augsburgischen Friedhof bestattet.

Bibliografie
 Polski Słownik Biograficzny t. XI, Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków 1964–1965.
 Alexander Kraushar: Edward Jürgens : karta z dziejów 1863 roku: Warszawa : 1907

Einzelnachweise

Person im Januaraufstand (Polen)
Person (Warschau)
Geboren 1824
Gestorben 1863
Mann

Edward Jürgens


Das Anne-Frank-Gymnasium (AFG) ist ein Gymnasium der Stadt Aachen im Stadtteil Laurensberg. Es wurde 1979 gegründet und erhielt seinen Namen nach Anne Frank, einem jüdischen Mädchen, das Opfer des Holocaust wurde. Vorgängereinrichtung war das Gymnasium am Brüsseler Ring (zuvor Waldschule Breuer).

Schulgeschichte
Das Anne-Frank-Gymnasium ist hervorgegangen aus dem Gymnasium am Brüsseler Ring, das 1955 als Privatschule gegründet und 1970 in städtische Trägerschaft überführt wurde. Mit dem Einzug in das neu errichtete Schulzentrum in Aachen-Laurensberg kam es 1979 zur Umbenennung der Schule in Anne-Frank-Gymnasium. Dem vorausgegangen war eine längere Diskussion zur Namensfindung. So war für das Gymnasium ursprünglich der Name Edith-Stein-Gymnasium (Edith Stein) vorgesehen. Die ebenfalls in das Schulzentrum einziehende Realschule an der Lütticher Straße sollte zur Franz-Oppenhoff-Schule (Franz Oppenhoff) werden, für die dritte Einrichtung – die Hauptschule an der Vetschauer Straße – war der Name Anne-Frank-Hauptschule vorgesehen. Nach dem Einzug in das neue Gebäude einigten sich die Schulkonferenzen der drei Schulen jedoch darauf, einen einzigen gemeinsamen Namen jeweils mit dem Zusatz der Schulform zu führen. Von den drei vorgesehenen Namenspatronen – allesamt Opfer des Nationalsozialismus – erschien Anne Frank als Identikationsfigur für Schüler am besten geeignet.

Mitte der 1980er Jahre wurde von der Aachener Lokalpolitik das Schulzentrum der drei Anne-Frank-Schulen als Standort für eine neu einzurichtende Gesamtschule ins Gespräch gebracht. Haupt- und Realschule sollten aufgrund sinkender Anmeldungen auslaufen und ihre Raumkapazitäten an die zu gründende Gesamtschule abgeben. Trotz hoher Anmeldezahlen stand auch das Gymnasium zu Disposition. Nach heftigem Widerstand von Schülern, Eltern und Lehrerschaft kam es zu einer Kompromisslösung: Das Gymnasium sollte neben der Gesamtschule im Schulzentrum verbleiben, wobei durch einen Erweiterungsbau die Raumnot der Gesamtschule behoben werden sollte. Seit 1989 teilen sich Heinrich-Heine-Gesamtschule, Anne-Frank-Gymnasium und das Abendgymnasium den Schulkomplex am Hander Weg.

Im Jahr 2010 wurde der Leistungskurs Chemie des Anne-Frank-Gymnasiums für seine aktive Auseinandersetzung mit der Gender-Thematik und dessen öffentlichkeitswirksame Aufarbeitung mit dem Brigitte-Gilles-Preis ausgezeichnet.

Schulprofil

 Pädagogische Übermittagsbetreuung: Das AFG bietet eine Pädagogische Übermittagsbetreuung für alle Schülerinnen und Schüler der 5. bis 6. Klassen an. Die Kinder werden von Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern des Vereins "Betreute Grundschulen e.V" montags bis donnerstags in der Zeit von 13.20 Uhr bis 15.30 Uhr betreut. Nach einer beaufsichtigten Mittagspause in der Mensa, können die Kinder verschiedene Betreuungsangebote in Anspruch nehmen. Es gibt täglich eine Hausaufgabenbetreuung. Dort haben die Schülerinnen und Schüler die Gelegenheit – unter Aufsicht – ihre Hausaufgaben zu machen.
 FILOU (Förderung Instrumentalen Lernens Optimiert für die Unterstufe): Seit dem Schuljahr 2007 bietet das AFG für die Schülerinnen und Schüler der 5. Klassen unter dem Namen FILOU Instrumentalunterricht in Kleingruppen für Querflöte, Klarinette und Violine an. Gefördert wurde und wird dieses Projekt durch den Verein der Freunde des Anne-Frank-Gymnasiums, der dafür sorgt, dass die Instrumente ein Jahr lang kostenlos zur Verfügung gestellt werden, sodass lediglich der Unterricht durch einen monatlichen Beitrag finanziert werden muss.
 Arbeitsgemeinschaften: Unter- und Oberstufenchor, Orchester, Schülerband, Improvisationstheater, Theater, MINT, Informatik, Fußball, Basketball, Volleyball, Radfahren, Streitschlichter, Verkehrshelfer.
 Exzellenzförderung: Seit dem Schuljahr 2018/2019 bietet das AFG eine Exzellenzförderung für begabte Schülerinnen und Schüler an. Sie richtet sich an Schülerinnen und Schüler der Jahrgangsstufen 8, 9 und der EF, welche überdurchschnittliche Leistungen in MINT-Fächern erbringen.
 Sport Leistungskurs: Seit dem Schuljahr 2018/19 wird erstmals ein Sport Leistungskurs mit den Praxis-Schwerpunkten Leichtathletik und Volleyball angeboten.
 Fremdsprachen & Wahlfächer: Englisch (ab Klasse 5), Französisch oder Latein (ab Klasse 7), Spanisch (ab Klasse 9), Informatik (ab Klasse 9), Sport-Biologie-Gesundheit inkl. Sporthelferausbildung (ab Klasse 9), European Studies (ab Klasse 9).
 Internationale Förderklasse (IFK): Seit 2014 besteht am AFG eine Internationale Förderklasse, eine Vorbereitungsklasse für neuzugewanderte Schülerinnen und Schüler mit geringen Deutschkenntnissen und in der Regel Eignung für das Gymnasium.
 Schüleraustausch: Angebote für Schüler der Jahrgangsstufen 7 bis Q2. Die Austauschprogramme mit Frankreich, England und den Niederlanden sind schulfachgebunden, der Austausch mit Russland und China steht allen Schülern in den entsprechenden Altersgruppen offen.
 Selbstlernzentrum: Angebot für Schüler aller Stufen mit Zugang zum Internet. Möglichkeit der Nutzung in Pausen und Freistunden zur Erarbeitung von Projekten oder zur Recherche von Informationen für den Unterricht.
 Profilkurse: In Zusammenarbeit mit Partnern wie der Aachener Zeitung, dem Stadttheater, dem Ludwig Forum und verschiedenen Instituten der RWTH haben Oberstufenschüler in den Leistungskursen Deutsch, Mathematik, Englisch, Biologie und Pädagogik die Möglichkeit, sich anwendungs- und projektorientiert an außerschulischen Lernorten mit Unterrichtsthemen zu beschäftigen.
 Digitalisierung: iPad-Klassen ab der Jahrgangsstufe 7.

Schulleiter
 Werner Haubrich (1978–1997)
 Burghart Klein (1997–1998, kommissarisch)
 Berthold Winterlich (1998–2013)
 Klaus Busse (2013–2014, kommissarisch)
 Wolfgang Gurzan (2014–2022)
 Alexander Heimes (seit 2022)

Ehemalige Schüler
 Peter Adrian Grauer (Abitur 1989)
 Birgit Mock (Abitur 1989)
 Anke Feller (Abitur 1991)
 Patrick Schiffer (Abitur 1992)
 Jens Kindervater (Abitur 1994)
 Jan Kemper (Abitur 1999)

Literatur
 Werner Haubrich (Red.): Anne-Frank-Gymnasium. Zur Einweihung des neuen Schulgebäudes am 17. Mai 1980. Aachen 1980.
 Ders.: 10 Jahre Anne-Frank-Gymnasium Aachen. Bericht über die Jahre 1979–1989. Aachen 1989.
 Esser-Palm/Haubrich/Winterlich (Red.): 25 Jahre Anne-Frank-Gymnasium Aachen. Festschrift. Aachen 2004.

Weblinks

 Website des Anne-Frank-Gymnasiums Aachen
 Schulprogramm
 exAFG.de Ehemalige des Anne-Frank-Gymnasiums in Aachen

Einzelnachweise

Gymnasium in Aachen
Aachen
Gegründet 1979
Laurensberg

Anne-Frank-Gymnasium Aachen


Royal Rumble (2011) a fost cea de-a douăzecișișasea ediție a pay-per-view-ului anual Royal Rumble organizat de WWE. Evenimentul s-a desfășurat pe data de 27 ianuarie 2013 în arena US Airways Center din Phoenix, Arizona.

Melodia originală a evenimentului a fost "Champion", interpretată de Clement Marfo & The Frontline.

Rezultate

Royal Rumble: intrări în meci și eliminări

Referințe

Evenimente pay-per-view wrestling
Evenimente pay-per-view WWE

Royal Rumble (2013)


Arnutovce este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Spišská Nová Ves din regiunea Košice. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 793 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Arnutovce este atestată documentar din 1317.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Arnutovce


مقبس 2  وهو مقبس لوحدات المعالجة المركزية بنظام إكس 86 من شركة إنتل لتطويرا مقبس 1 لكي تدعم وحدات بنتيوم أوفر درايف (Pentium OverDrive) الجديدة. وهي داعمة للودات القديمة المستخدمة لمقبس 1.

مقابس وحدة المعالجة المركزية

مقبس 2


රංගනය
 රන්ජන් රාමනායක
 රුවන්ගි රත්නායක
 ශ්‍රියානි අමරසේන
 රෙක්ස් කොඩිප්පිලි
 සරත් කොතලාවල
 සරත් චන්ද්‍රසිරි
 ශ්‍රිමාල් වෙඩිසිංහ
 බිංදු බෝතලගේ

ඩොක්ටර් නවරියන්


Le château de Vaucouleurs est une demeure située dans la commune de Puget-sur-Argens
dans le département du Var, en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.

Histoire
En 1686, le bourguignon Jean-Baptiste Jodelet sieur de Vaucouleurs, intendant de l'évêque de Fréjus sous Louis XIV, devient propriétaire à Puget-sur-Argens d'une parcelle de 50 ha le long de la rivière Canavère. Il y planta des vignes et y construisit une solide ferme vinicole, devenue l'actuelle « cave » du château.

Son fils Honoré, né en 1687 à Fréjus, hérite du domaine après la mort de son père en 1697.

Au cours du XVIIIème siècle, la propriété passe aux mains de Joseph Brun ménager de Fréjus vers 1730, puis son fils Jean Brun, par contrat de mariage en 1755.

En 1772, Sieur Nicolas Rey, maire de la ville, grand bourgeois du Puget et propriétaire des terres jouxtant la parcelle de Vaucouleurs, achète le domaine et y construit une imposante bastide sur un rocher plat, point culminant de la parcelle.

Durant la période Rey, des soirées mondaines étaient organisées en compagnie d'illustres personnalités, faisant sa renommée dans le Var. La légende raconte que Napoléon Bonaparte de retour d'Egypte en octobre 1799 y fit sa première halte sur le sol français avant de gagner Paris.

En 1826, le château n'existe pas encore. L'ensemble du domaine est représenté sur le cadastre Napoléonien par une parcelle viticole de 75 ha sous le nom de « Bastide Rey ».

En 1831, le domaine est offert par Nicolas Rey lors du mariage de Joseph Court avec sa petite fille Magdeleine-Sophie Rey. La bastide devient "Villa Sophie", l'inscription est encore visible sur l'arche de la porte principale du château. Cette dernière décède quelques années plus tard en 1837.

Monsieur Joseph Court porté par le vent de « Folies » de la fin du XIXème siècle, entreprend la construction de deux tours crénelées, de jardins à la française et d'un Hippodrome.

Ce nouvel aspect médiéval amène la bastide à être renommée « Château de Vaucouleurs », qui demeure encore aujourd'hui sur l'étiquette des crus.

Inauguré le 3 juin 1883, le champ de course de Vaucouleurs était l'un des plus vastes et des mieux aménagés du Midi. Ce jour-là plus de 5000 visiteurs affluèrent au Puget d'après le journal Le Var du 7 juin 1883. Le « tout Paris » de la côte d'Azur viendra jouer aux courses et festoyer au Domaine.

Cependant l'hippodrome ne dura qu'un temps, les vignes reprirent vite possession des terres.

Le château est ensuite acquis par M. Robillis en 1892, M. Zaag en 1928 puis M. Sénéchal en 1933.

Le château pendant la guerre
En 1943, Guillaume Le Bigot, contrôleur général de la Marine française, achète le château et son domaine viticole.

À peine installés, ils eurent la désagréable surprise de voir le château réquisitionné pour les militaires Italiens. Puis vinrent les Allemands, ils prirent possession de tout le rez-de-chaussée et de l'étage où une chambre et une pièce avec cuisine furent réservées à la propriétaire et à ses enfants.

Les occupants allemands transformèrent également le hangar agricole à côté du Château en cantine, comme en témoigne encore l'inscription "Kantine" sur l'une de ses portes.

Le maréchal Rommel en personne vînt à Vaucouleurs. Sa présence était dictée par des considérations stratégiques. Son projet était d'installer des batteries sur les tours du château. Heureusement cela s'avéra impossible du fait de leur accès par une verrière et un escalier. De plus les tours ne sont pas en terrasses mais couvertes de toits pentus. Les canons furent donc installés dans la partie la plus élevée du domaine, pointés vers la mer pour contrer un éventuel débarquement des troupes alliées.

À cette époque, les Allemands étaient très inquiets sur leur avenir. Ils demandèrent même à Mme Le Bigot d'écouter la radio pour être au courant des événements.
Peu avant le débarquement ils se retirèrent dans les bois car ils redoutaient les représailles des Américains qu'on leur avait dépeint comme des sauvages torturant les prisonniers avant de les exécuter.

Enfin les troupes américaines de libération furent chaleureusement accueillies et installèrent un campement de tentes sur tout le domaine.
À leur sujet pour être honnête, disons que leur présence fut moins discrète que celle des occupants précédents. Ils buvaient sec et se montraient plutôt bruyants. Mais les épreuves qu'ils avaient endurées plaidaient en leur faveur.

Monsieur Le Bigot fût maire de Puget-sur-Argens de 1959 à 1977.

Le passage d'illustres personnages
De sa construction jusqu'à maintenant, le château de Vaucouleurs a brillé par le prestige de ses visiteurs, d'abord Napoléon, le Maréchal Rommel, le Général Eisenhower, futur Président des Etats-Unis, le Commandant Cousteau ou encore Charles de Gaulle qui y séjourna plusieurs fois, M. Le Bigot étant à l'époque son délégué ministériel à la marine.

Bibliographie

 Jean Destelle, Origine du château de Vaucouleurs à Puget-sur-Argens, Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de Fréjus et de sa région Bd. 1 (2000) S. 4-6

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Liste des châteaux du Var
 Histoire du Var

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Château de Vaucouleurs (Var)
Puget-sur-Argens

Château de Vaucouleurs (Var)


Biserica Adormirea Maicii Domnului din Lugoj este un monument istoric aflat pe teritoriul municipiului Lugoj.

Istoric și trăsături
Biserica "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" este una din cele mai impunătoare construcții în stil baroc din Banat. A fost construită între anii 1759-1766, de inginerul constructor Johannes Breutter, din inițiativa și pe cheltuiala obercneazului Gavril Gurean. Portretul ctitorului este pictat pe peretele estic al naosului. Biserica a fost sfințită de episcopul Ioan Georgevici, al cărui  portret este pictat pe peretele iconostasului în altar.

Biserica este o construcție de dimensiuni mari: lungimea 42 m, lățimea 21,5 m, înălțimea 15,7 m până la bolțile cupolei, iconostasul fără baldachin 9,3 m. Înălțimea turnurilor ajunge la 57 m.

Cunoscut și sub denumirea de "Biserica cu două turnuri", lăcașul de cult adăpostește cinci clopote: în turnul stâng se găsesc trei clopote, iar în cel drept cele două clopote mari.

În spațiul cu o acustică deosebită, corul "Ion Vidu" al Casei de Cultură a Municipiului Lugoj susține anual tradiționalul Concert de Paști.

Noul mozaic de la Biserica cu două turnuri, realizat cu sticlă de Murano, a înlocuit mozaicul vechi, realizat la comanda lui Iosif Constantin Drăgan, care s-a deteriorat cu trecerea timpului. Imaginea de 30 de metri pătrați reprezintă Adormirea Maicii Domnului.

Note

Vezi și
 Lugoj
 Adormirea Maicii Domnului

Legături externe
 Monumente istorice din România-Fișă și localizare de monument
 Fișă de monument

Imagini din exterior

Imagini din interior

Monumente istorice din județul Timiș
Clădiri și structuri din Lugoj
Lugoj
Lugoj
Biserici din secolul al XVIII-lea din România


was a village located in Minamimuro District, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2004 (the last official figures before its dissolution), the village had an estimated population of 4,852 and a population density of 1684.7 persons per km2. The total area was 2.88 km2.

On January 10, 2006, Udono was merged into the expanded town of Kihō and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality. As a result, this merger, all villages in Mie Prefecture have ceased to exist.

The village of Udono was founded on February 13, 1894, with the early Meiji period establishment of municipalities. The basis of the village's economy was a paper mill operated by Hokuetsu Paper Mills.

External links
 Official website of Kihō

Dissolved municipalities of Mie Prefecture
Kihō

Udono, Mie


La forge de Ruaux ou Forgette est un ancien site industriel situé à Plombières-les-Bains dans le département français des Vosges dans la région historique de Lorraine.

La halle à charbon est inscrite au titre des monuments historiques par arrêté du . L'ensemble industriel présente un intérêt patrimonial car représentatif de l'ancienne métallurgie dans les Vosges.

Historique
La forge de Ruaux ou Forgette est mentionnée pour la première fois en 1628. C'est la plus ancienne de la vallée de la Semouse après la forge du Blanc Murger, fondée en 1547 située environ 5 kilomètres en amont et à laquelle elle était liée, toujours en activité en tant que tréfilerie.
Elle est acquise en 1754 par Denis Viney.

L'ordonnance du 12 novembre 1841 autorisa Arthur de Buyer à construire dans son usine de fer de la Forgette à Ruaux, deux feux d'affinerie surmontés de fours à réverbère dans lesquels on utilisera les chaleurs perdues. La consistance de l'usine est alors fixée à trois feux d'affinerie pour la fabrication du fer et une tréfilerie avec ses accessoires, tels que cylindres, étireurs.

La forge, spécialisée dans la fabrication de roues de chariot, a cessé son activité en 1880.

La vallée de la Semouse a été le siège pendant de nombreux siècles (du  au milieu du ) de nombreuses forges. En effet, ce sont plus d'une dizaine qui se sont installées le long de son parcours. D'où son surnom de « Vallée des Forges ».

Architecture
Logement de contremaître du  ; ateliers de fabrication, entrepôt industriel, logement d'ouvriers, écurie et grange reconstruits fin   pour le nouveau propriétaire Arthur de Buyer, maître de forges à la Branleure à Aillevillers en Haute-Saône ; nouvel entrepôt industriel (la halle de charbon) de  au sol, remarquable par son architecture, construit vers 1850.

Les bâtiments à l'abandon ne sont pas entretenus et désormais ruinés en milieu boisé.

La toiture monumentale en laves de grès de la halle de stockage est aujourd'hui complètement écroulée.

Localisation
Le site se trouve sur une propriété privée, en bord de rivière à environ 360 mètres d'altitude en rive gauche de la Semouse, sur la commune de Plombières-les-Bains depuis le rattachement de Ruaux en 1973.

Deux pont relient le site à la RD20 en rive droite sur la commune du Clerjus où se trouve l'habitation du lieu-dit La Forgette (anciennement Petite Forgette).

La forge d'Allongis (Allangis ou Allangie) est située à environ 300 mètres en aval de la forge de Ruaux en rive droite de la Semouse, établie en 1719 et dont seuls des vestiges sont encore visibles dans la forêt en contrebas de la RD20.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Semouse
 Liste des monuments historiques des Vosges

Liens externes

 , consulté le .

Monument historique à Plombières-les-Bains
Monument historique inscrit en 1991
Ruaux

Forge de Ruaux


Gornja Panonija (lat. Pannonia Superior), provincija Rimskog Carstva nastala u 2. stoljeću.

Povijest
Gornja Panonija nastala je početkom 2. stoljeća kad je car Trajan podijelio Panoniju na Gornju Panoniju na zapadu i Donju Panoniju na istoku. U sklopu reorganizacije države, car Dioklecijan podijelio je 297. Gornju Panoniju na Prvu i Savsku Panoniju.

Rimski guverneri Gornje Panonije

 Publius Metilius Nepos (106. - 107./118.)
 Lucius Minicius Natalis (113./114. - 117./118.)
 Lucius Cornelius Latinianus (c. 126.)
 Cornelius Proculus (130./131. - 133./134.)
 Lucius Aelius Caesar (136. - 137.)
 Titus Haterius Nepos (137. - c. 141.)
 Marcus Pontius Laelianus Larcius Sabinus (c. 145. - c. 150.)
 Claudius Maximus (c. 150. - c. 155.)
 Marcus Nonius Macrinus (c. 159. - c. 162.)
 Lucius Dasumius Tullius Tuscus (c. 162. - c. 166.)
 Marcus Iallus Bassus Fabius Valerianus (c. 166. - c. 169.)
 Gaius Julius Commodus Orfitianus (c. 169. - c. 172.)
 Sextus Quintilius Maximus (c. 175. - c. 179.)
 Septimius Severus (c. 191.)

Zemljopis
Sjedište provincije bio je grad Carnuntum, koji se nalazio između današnjeg Beča i Bratislave. Ostali značajniji gradovi bili su Savarija (današnji Sambotel), Poetovio (današnji Ptuj) i Vindobona (današnji Beč). Obuhvaćala je dijelove Hrvatske, Slovenije, zapadne Mađarske i istočne Austrije.

Zanimljivosti
Kroz provinciju je prolazio čuveni Put svile.

Izvori

Panonija

Gornja Panonija


27110 Annemaryvonne este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
27110 Annemaryvonne este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Caussols în cadrul programului ODAS. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,29 ua, o excentricitate de 0,15 și o înclinație de 2,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 27001-28000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1998
Centura de asteroizi

27110 Annemaryvonne


est un film américain réalisé par Kristine Stolakis, sorti en 2021.

Synopsis
Le film suit des survivants de thérapies de conversion chrétiennes.

Fiche technique
 Titre :
 Réalisation : Kristine Stolakis
 Musique : Laura Karpman et Nora Kroll-Rosenbaum
 Photographie : Melissa Langer
 Montage : Carla Gutierrez
 Production : Jessica Devaney, Anya Rous et Kristine Stolakis
 Société de production : Artemis Rising Foundation, Blumhouse Productions, Chicken And Egg Pictures, Lamplighter Films, Multitude Films, Naked Edge Films, Ryan Murphy Productions et Secret Sauce Media
 Pays :
 Genre : Documentaire
 Durée : 101 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
Netflix :

Accueil
Le film a reçu un accueil favorable de la critique. Il obtient un score moyen de 76 % sur Metacritic.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 2021
Film documentaire américain
Film de Blumhouse Productions
Film distribué par Netflix
Film documentaire sur les LGBT
Film documentaire sur le christianisme
Film sur les LGBT et le christianisme
Film sur la thérapie de conversion

Pray Away


Potnia Theron (stari grčki: [hɛː pót.ni.a tʰɛː.rɔ ̂ ]) ili Gospodarica životinja široko je rasprostranjeni motiv u drevnoj umjetnosti iz mediteranskog svijeta i drevnog Bliskog istoka, prikazujući središnju ljudsku ili čovjekoliku žensku figuru koja drži dvije životinje, po jednu sa svake strane. Iako veze između slika i koncepata u različitim drevnim kulturama ostaju vrlo nejasne, takve slike često naziva grčkim izrazom Potnia Theron, bez obzira na kulturu podrijetla.

Homer taj izraz prvi put koristi kao deskriptor Artemide i često se koristi za opisivanje ženskih božanstava povezanih sa životinjama. Riječ Potnia, što znači ljubavnica ili dama, bila je mikenska grčka riječ koju je naslijedio klasični grčki, s istim značenjem, srodna sanskrtskom patnī.

Najstariji takav prikaz, Sjedeća žena iz Çatal Höyüka, skulptura je od gline iz Çatal Höyüka u modernoj Turskoj, izrađena oko 6000 godina pne. Ovaj je motiv češći u kasnijoj bliskoistočnoj i mezopotamskoj umjetnosti s muškim likom, zvanim Gospodar životinja.

Homerov spomen Potnije Theron odnosi se na Artemidu; Walter Burkert opisuje ovo spominjanje kao "dobro utvrđenu formulu". Za božanstvo tipa Artemida, "Gospodaricu životinja", često se pretpostavlja da je postojalo u pretpovijesnoj religiji i često se naziva Potnia Theron, a neki znanstvenici postavljaju vezu između Artemide i božica prikazanih u minojskoj umjetnosti.

Rani primjer talijanske Potnia theròn nalazi se u Museo civico archeologico di Monte Rinaldo u Italiji: tanjur ilustrira božicu koja nosi dugu haljinu i drži se za ruke s dvije lavice.

U Eneidi Vergilije spominje da je unutar Psihrine špilje na Kreti živjela božica Kibela čiju su kočiju vukla dva lava.

Vidi također

 Inara (božica)
 Ifigenija

Izvori

Literatura

 Douglas Van Buren, E. "Talijanski fiktivni antefiksi iz Πότνια θηρῶν". U: Revue des Études Anciennes. Tome 24, 1922, br. 2. str. 93–100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/rea.1922.2200 ; www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1922_num_24_2_2200
 Kourou, Nota. "Likovi i kultovi Potnije u ranom željeznom dobu Egeja i Cipra". U: Cahiers du Centre d'Etudes Chypriotes. Svezak 45, 2015. Hommage à Jacqueline Karageorghis. str. 181–199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/cchyp.2015.1633 ; www.persee.fr/doc/cchyp_0761-8271_2015_num_45_1_1633

Ikonografija

Potnia Theron


Antun Knežević (redovnik), hrvatski franjevac, povjesničar
Antun Knežević (kipar), hrvatski kipar
Antun Knežević (profesor hrvatskoga jezika), hrvatski emigrantski pisac
Antun Knežević, seljak, autor zbirke pripovjedaka

Anton (Tone) Knežević, autor slovnice njemačkog jezika 1913. "za porabu samoucima i hrvatskim školama"

Antun Knežević


Total Eclipse, Agnieszka Holland'ın 1995 yapımı biyografik filmi. Filmdeki Rimbaud rolü için River Phoenix düşünülmüştü. Fakat River'ın zamansız ölümünden sonra bu rol için Leonardo Dicaprio uygun görüldü.

Konusu
Fransız şairler Arthur Rimbaud ile Paul Verlaine'ın eşcinsel hayatı, Paris'te ve Brüksel seyahatleri sırasında yaşadıkları anlatılır. Film biyografik bir yapı içerisinde Rimbaud üzerine yoğunlaşmış ve hayatından bir kesit sunar. Verlaine Rimbaud'u silahla yaraladıktan sonra ilişkileri kopar ve Rimbaud Etiyopya'ya (Habeşistan) gitmeden önce sadece bir kere Verlaine ile görüşür.

Eleştiriler
Filmdeki erotik sahneler yüzünden Leonardo DiCaprio birçok eleştiriye maruz kalmıştır.

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri LGBT temalı filmleri
Agnieszka Holland'ın yönettiği filmler
Yazarlık ile ilgili filmler
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri biyografik dram filmleri
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri bağımsız filmleri
Birleşik Krallık biyografik dram filmleri
Birleşik Krallık bağımsız filmleri
İtalya bağımsız filmleri
1990'larda LGBT temalı filmler
1990'larda İngilizce filmler
1995 çıkışlı dramatik filmler

Total Eclipse


A'akuluujjusi, inuitska božica koja je stvorila kopnene životinje bacajući svoju odjeću na tlo. Nakon što ih je stvorila morala je izmjeniti neke detalje na njima, uklonivši morževima rogove u kojima je izgledao, smiješno, dok je karibue (sobove) morala usporiti i maknuti im kljove, jer su bili preopasni i kako bi ih lovci mogli uloviti.

Izvori

Indijanska mitologija (božice)
Eskimska mitologija

A'akuluujjusi


Dhanpat Rai Srivastava (31 July 1880 – 8 October 1936), better known as Munshi Premchand based on his pen name Premchand (), was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindustani literature. Premchand was a pioneer of Hindi and Urdu social fiction. He was one of the first authors to write about caste hierarchies and the plights of women and laborers prevalent in the society of late 1880s. He is one of the most celebrated writers of the Indian subcontinent, and is regarded as one of the foremost Hindi writers of the early twentieth century. His works include Godaan, Karmabhoomi, Gaban, Mansarovar, Idgah. He published his first collection of five short stories in 1907 in a book called Soz-e-Watan (Voice of the Nation).

He began writing under the pen name "Nawab Rai", but subsequently switched to "Premchand". A novel writer, story writer and dramatist, he has been referred to as the "Upanyas Samrat" (Emperor Among Novelists) by Hindi writers. His works include more than a dozen novels, around 300 short stories, several essays and translations of a number of foreign literary works into Hindi.

Rekhta's preservation initiative has archived Premchand's literary work that constitutes 278 e-Books, 63 short-stories, 13 articles and 31 quotes.

Biography

Early life

Premchand was born on 31 July 1880 in Lamhi, a village located near Banaras, and was named Dhanpat Rai ("master of wealth"). His ancestors came from a large Kayastha family, which owned eight to nine bighas of land. His grandfather, Guru Sahai Rai, was a patwari (village land record-keeper), and his father, Ajaib Lal, was a post office clerk. His mother was Anandi Devi of Karauni village, who probably was also his inspiration for the character Anandi in his "Bade Ghar Ki Beti". Dhanpat Rai was the fourth child of Ajaib Lal and Anandi; the first two were girls who died as infants, and the third one was a girl named Suggi. His uncle, Mahabir, a rich landowner, nicknamed him "Nawab", meaning baron. "Nawab Rai" was the first pen name chosen by Dhanpat Rai.

When he was seven years old, Dhanpat Rai began his education at a madrasa in Lalpur, Varanasi, located near Lamhi. He learned Urdu and Persian from a maulvi in the madrasa. When he was 8, his mother died after a long illness. His grandmother, who was responsible for raising him, died soon after. Premchand felt isolated, as his elder sister Suggi had already been married, and his father was always busy with work. His father, who was now posted at Gorakhpur, remarried, but Premchand received little affection from his stepmother. The stepmother later became a recurring theme in Premchand's works.

As a child, Dhanpat Rai sought solace in fiction and developed a fascination for books. He heard the stories of the Persian-language fantasy epic Tilism-e-Hoshruba at a tobacconist's shop. He took the job of selling books for a book wholesaler, thus getting the opportunity to read a lot of books. He learnt English at a missionary school and studied several works of fiction, including George W. M. Reynolds's eight-volume The Mysteries of the Court of London. He composed his first literary work at Gorakhpur, which was never published and is now lost. It was a farce on a bachelor who falls in love with a low-caste woman. The character was based on Premchand's uncle, who used to scold him for being obsessed with reading fiction; the farce was probably written as revenge for this.

After his father was posted to Zamania in the mid-1890s, Dhanpat Rai enrolled at the Queen's College at Banaras as a day scholar. In 1895, he was married at the age of 15, while still studying in the ninth grade. The match was arranged by his maternal step-grandfather. The girl was from a rich landlord family and was older than Premchand, who found her quarrelsome and not good-looking.

His father died in 1897 after a long illness. He managed to pass the matriculation exam with second division (below 60% marks). However, only the students with the first division were given fee concessions at the Queen's College. He then sought admission at the Central Hindu School but was unsuccessful because of his poor arithmetic skills. Thus, he had to discontinue his studies. He then obtained an assignment to coach an advocate's son in Banaras at a monthly salary of five rupees. He used to reside in a mud cell over the advocate's stables and used to send 60% of his salary back home. Premchand read a lot during these days. After racking up several debts, in 1899, he went to a bookshop to sell one of his collected books. There, he met the headmaster of a missionary school at Chunar, who offered him a job as a teacher at a monthly salary of . He also took up the job of tutoring a student at a monthly fee of .

In 1900, Premchand secured a job as an assistant teacher at the Government District School, Bahraich, at a monthly salary of . Three months later, he was transferred to the District School in Pratapgarh, where he stayed in an administrator's bungalow and tutored his son.

His first short novel was Asrar-e-Ma'abid ("Secrets of God's abode", Devasthan Rahasya in Hindi), which explores corruption among the temple priests and their sexual exploitation of poor women. The novel was published in a series in the Banaras-based Urdu weekly Awaz-e-Khalk from 8 October 1903 to February 1905. Literary critic Siegfried Schulz states that "his inexperience is quite evident in his first novel", which is not well-organized, lacks a good plot and features stereotyped characters. Prakash Chandra Gupta calls it an "immature work", which shows a tendency to "see life only black or white".

Stay at Kanpur
From Pratapgarh, Dhanpat Rai was relocated to Allahabad for training and subsequently posted at Kanpur in 1905. He stayed in Kanpur for around four years, from May 1905 to June 1909. There, he met Munshi Daya Narain Nigam, the editor of the Urdu magazine Zamana, in which he later published several articles and stories.

Premchand visited his village, Lamhi, during the summer vacation but did not find the stay enjoyable because of a number of reasons. He did not find the weather or the atmosphere conducive to writing. Moreover, he faced domestic trouble due to quarrels between his wife and his step-mother. Premchand angrily scolded his wife after she unsuccessfully tried to commit suicide by hanging. Dismayed, she went to her father's house, and Premchand displayed no interest in bringing her back. In 1906, Premchand married a child widow, Shivarani Devi, who was the daughter of a landlord from a village near Fatehpur. The step was considered to be revolutionary at that time, and Premchand faced a lot of social opposition. After his death, Shivarani Devi wrote a book on him, titled Premchand Ghar Mein ("Premchand in House").

In 1905, inspired by nationalist activism, Premchand published an article on the Indian National Congress leader Gopal Krishna Gokhale in Zamana. He criticised Gokhale's methods for achieving political freedom and instead recommended adoption of more extremist measures adopted by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Premchand's first published story was "Duniya ka Sabse Anmol Ratan" ("The Most Precious Jewel in the World"), which appeared in Zamana in 1907. According to this story, the most precious 'jewel' was the last drop of blood necessary to attain independence. Many of Premchand's early short stories had patriotic overtones, influenced by the Indian independence movement.

Premchand's second short novel Hamkhurma-o-Hamsavab (Prema in Hindi), published in 1907, was penned under the name "Babu Nawab Rai Banarsi". It explores the issue of widow remarriage in the contemporary conservative society: the protagonist, Amrit Rai, overcomes social opposition to marrying the young widow, Poorna, giving up his rich and beautiful fiancée Prema. According to Prakash Chandra Gupta, "While containing seeds of his future greatness in many ways, the novel is still youthful and lacks the discipline which full maturity brings".

In 1907, another of Premchand's short novels, Kishna was published by the Medical Hall Press of Banaras. This 142-page work, which satirises women's fondness for jewellery, is now lost. Literary critic Nobat Rai criticised the work in Zamana, calling it a mockery of the women's conditions.

During April–August 1907, Premchand's novel Roothi Rani was published in serial form in Zamana. Also in 1907, the publishers of Zamana published Premchand's first short story collection, titled Soz-e-Watan. The collection, which was later banned, contained four stories that sought to inspire the Indians in their struggle for political freedom.

Adoption of the name Premchand
In 1909, Premchand was transferred to Mahoba and later posted to Hamirpur as the Sub-deputy Inspector of Schools. Around this time, Soz-e-Watan was noticed by British Government officials, who banned it as a seditious work. James Samuel Stevenson, the British collector of Hamirpur district ordered a raid on Premchand's house, where around five hundred copies of Soz-e-Watan were burnt. After this, Munshi Daya Narain Nigam, the editor of the Urdu magazine Zamana, who had published Dhanpat Rai's first story "Duniya ka Sabse Anmol Ratan" advised the pseudonym "Premchand". Dhanpat Rai stopped using the name "Nawab Rai" and became Premchand.

Premchand was often referred to as Munshi Premchand. The fact is, he, along with Kanhaiyalal Munshi, edited the magazine Hans. The credit line read "Munshi, Premchand". He thenceforth began being called Munshi Premchand. In 1914, Premchand started writing in Hindi (Hindi and Urdu are considered different registers of a single language Hindustani, with Hindi drawing much of its vocabulary from Sanskrit and Urdu being more influenced by Persian). By this time, he was already reputed as a fiction writer in Urdu. Sumit Sarkar notes that the switch was prompted by the difficulty of finding publishers in Urdu. His first Hindi story "Saut" was published in the magazine Saraswati in December 1915, and his first short story collection Sapta Saroj was published in June 1917.

Gorakhpur

In August 1916, Premchand was transferred to Gorakhpur on a promotion. He became the Assistant Master at the Normal High School, Gorakhpur.

At Gorakhpur, he developed a friendship with the bookseller Buddhi Lal, who allowed him to borrow novels for reading in exchange for selling exam cram books at the school. Premchand was an enthusiastic reader of classics in other languages and translated several of these works into Hindi.

By 1919, Premchand had published four novels of about a hundred pages each. In 1919, Premchand's first major novel Seva Sadan was published in Hindi. The novel was originally written in Urdu under the title Bazaar-e-Husn but was published in Hindi first by a Calcutta-based publisher, who offered Premchand  for his work. The Urdu Publisher of Lahore published the novel later in 1924, paying Premchand . The novel tells the story of an unhappy housewife, who first becomes a courtesan, and then manages an orphanage for the young daughters of the courtesans. It was well received by the critics and helped Premchand gain wider recognition.

In 1919, Premchand obtained a BA degree from Allahabad University. By 1921, he had been promoted to Deputy Inspectors of Schools. On 8 February 1921, he attended a meeting in Gorakhpur, where Mahatma Gandhi asked people to resign from government jobs as part of the non-cooperation movement. Premchand, although physically unwell and with two kids and a pregnant wife to support, thought about it for five days and decided, with the consent of his wife, to resign from his government job.

Back to Banaras
After quitting his job, Premchand left Gorakhpur for Banaras on 18 March 1921 and decided to focus on his literary career. Till his death in 1936, he faced severe financial difficulties and chronic ill health.

In 1923, he established a printing press and publishing house in Banaras, christened "Saraswati Press". The year 1924 saw the publication of Premchand's Rangbhoomi, which has a blind beggar called Surdas as its tragic hero. Schulz mentions that in Rangbhoomi, Premchand comes across as a "superb social chronicler", and although the novel contains some "structural flaws" and "too many authorial explanations", it shows a "marked progress" in Premchand's writing style. According to Schulz, it was in Nirmala (1925) and Pratigya (1927) that Premchand found his way to "a balanced, realistic level" that surpasses his earlier works and manages to "hold his readers in tutelage". Nirmala, a novel dealing with the dowry system in India, was first serialised in the magazine Chand between November 1925 and November 1926, before being published as a novel. Pratigya ("The Vow") dealt with the subject of widow remarriage.

In 1928, Premchand's novel Gaban ("Embezzlement"), focusing on the middle class' greed, was published. In March 1930, Premchand launched a literary-political weekly magazine titled Hans, aimed at inspiring the Indians to mobilise against the British rule. The magazine, noted for its politically provocative views, failed to make a profit. Premchand then took over and edited another magazine called Jagaran, which, too, ran at a loss.

In 1931, Premchand moved to Kanpur as a teacher at the Marwari College but had to leave because of differences with the college administration. He then returned to Banaras and became the editor of the Maryada magazine. In 1932, he published another novel titled Karmabhoomi. He briefly served as the headmaster of the Kashi Vidyapeeth, a local school. After the school's closure, he became the editor of the Madhuri magazine in Lucknow.

Bombay
Premchand arrived in Bombay on 31 May 1934 to try his luck in the Hindi film industry. He had accepted a script writing job for the production house Ajanta Cinetone, hoping that the yearly salary of  would help him overcome his financial troubles. He stayed in Dadar, and wrote the script for the film Mazdoor ("The Labourer"). The film, directed by Mohan Bhawnani, depicted the poor conditions of the labour class. Premchand himself did a cameo as the leader of labourers in the film. Some influential businessmen managed to get a stay on its release in Bombay. The film was released in Lahore and Delhi but was banned again after it inspired the mill workers to stand up against the owners.

Ironically, the film inspired the workers of his own loss-making press in Banaras to launch a strike after they were not paid their salaries. By 1934–35, Premchand's Saraswati Press was under a heavy debt of , and Premchand was forced to discontinue the publication of Jagaran. Meanwhile, Premchand was beginning to dislike the non-literary commercial environment of the Bombay film industry, and wanted to return to Banaras. However, he had signed a one-year contract with the production house. He ultimately left Bombay on 4 April 1935, before the completion of one year. Himanshu Roy, the founder of Bombay Talkies, tried to convince Premchand to stay back but failed.

Last days

After leaving Bombay, Premchand wanted to settle in Allahabad, where his sons Sripat Rai and Amrit Kumar Rai were studying. He also planned to publish Hans from there. However, owing to his financial situation and ill health, he had to hand over Hans to the Indian Literary Counsel and move to Banaras.

Premchand was elected as the first President of the Progressive Writers' Association in Lucknow in 1936. He died on 8 October 1936, after several days of sickness and while still in office.

Godaan (The Gift of a Cow, 1936), Premchand's last completed work, is generally accepted as his best novel and is considered one of the finest Hindi novels. The protagonist, Hori, a poor peasant, desperately longs for a cow, a symbol of wealth and prestige in rural India. According to Siegfried Schulz, "Godān is a well-structured and well-balanced novel which amply fulfils the literary requirements postulated by Western literary standards." Unlike other contemporary renowned authors such as Rabindranath Tagore, Premchand was not appreciated much outside India. Schulz believes that the reason for this was the absence of good translations of his work. Also, unlike Tagore and Iqbal, Premchand never travelled outside India, studied abroad or mingled with renowned foreign literary figures.

In 1936, Premchand also published "Kafan" ("Shroud"), in which a poor man collects money for the funeral rites of his dead wife but spends it on food and drink. Premchand's last published story was "Cricket Match", which appeared in Zamana in 1938, after his death.

Style and influences

Premchand is considered the first Hindi author whose writings prominently featured realism. His novels describe the problems of the poor and the urban middle-class. His works depict a rationalistic outlook, which views religious values as something that allows the powerful hypocrites to exploit the weak. He used literature for the purpose of arousing public awareness about national and social issues and often wrote about topics related to corruption, child widowhood, prostitution, feudal system, poverty, colonialism and on the Indian independence movement.

Premchand started taking an interest in political affairs while at Kanpur during the late 1900s, and this is reflected in his early works, which have patriotic overtones. His political thoughts were initially influenced by the moderate Indian National Congress leader Gopal Krishna Gokhale, but later, he moved towards the more extremist Bal Gangadhar Tilak. He considered the Minto–Morley Reforms and the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms as inadequate, and supported greater political freedom. Several of his early works, such as A Little Trick and A Moral Victory, satirised the Indians who cooperated with the British Government. He did not specifically mention the British in some of his stories because of strong government censorship but disguised his opposition in settings from the medieval era and foreign history. He was also influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda.

In the 1920s, he was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's non-cooperation movement and the accompanying struggle for social reform. During this period, his works dealt with social issues such as poverty, zamindari exploitation (Premashram, 1922), dowry system (Nirmala, 1925), educational reform and political oppression (Karmabhoomi, 1931). Premchand was focused on the economic liberalisation of the peasantry and the working class and opposed rapid industrialisation, which he felt would hurt the interests of the peasants and lead to the oppression of the workers. This can be seen in works like Rangbhoomi (1924).

Premchand's influence on Indian literature cannot be overstated. As the late scholar David Rubin wrote in The World of Premchand (1969), "To Premchand belongs the distinction of creating the genre of the serious short story—and the serious novel as well—in both Hindi and Urdu. Virtually single-handed, he lifted fiction in these languages from a quagmire of aimless romantic chronicles to a high level of realistic narrative comparable to European fiction of the time; and in both languages, he has, in addition, remained an unsurpassed master."

In his last days, he focused on village life as a stage for complex drama, as seen in the novel Godaan (1936) and the short-story collection Kafan (1936). Premchand believed that social realism was the way for Hindi literature, as opposed to the "feminine quality", tenderness and emotion of the contemporary Bengali literature.

Legacy
Premchand was commemorated with the issue of a special 30-paise postage stamp by India Post on 31 July 1980.

Premchand's ancestral house in Lamhi is being restored by the state government. An institute has also been set up in Lamhi to study his work. The Munshi Premchand Mahavidyalaya in Siliguri has been named after him.

On 31 July 2016, Google showed a Google Doodle in honouring the 136th birthday of Premchand.

List of works

Premchand wrote over three hundred short stories and fourteen novels, many essays and letters, plays and translations. Many of Premchand's works were translated into English and Russian after his death.

Novels

Short stories
Several of Premchand's stories have been published in a number of collections, including the 8-volume Mansarovar (1900–1936). Some of his stories include:

Other stories include:

Translations
Premchand translated several non-Hindi works into Hindi. These included the writings of Ratan Nath Dhar Sarshar, Leo Tolstoy (The Story of Richard Doubledick), Oscar Wilde (Canterville), John Galsworthy (Strife), Saadi Shirazi, Guy de Maupassant, Maurice Maeterlinck (The Sightless) and Hendrik Willem van Loon (The Story of Mankind).

Some of the translated titles include:

Other
Film script

 Mill (Mazdoor), (1934)
This is the only film written by the acclaimed writer Munshi Premchand in which he also played a cameo. The film courted controversy owing to its story of the prodigal son of a benevolent mill worker who inherits the mill and proceeds to treat its workers with disdain.

Plays
 Karbala
 Tajurba
 Prem ki Vedi
 Roohani Shadi
 Sangram

Essays
 Kuchh Vichar (two parts)
 Qalam Tyag aur Talwar

Biographies
 Durgadas
 Mahatma Sheikhsadi (biography of Saadi)

Children's books
 Bal Kahaniyan Sumpurn
 Manmodak
 Ram Charcha

Adaptations of Premchand's works

Sevasadanam (1938) was made into a film with M. S. Subbulakshmi in the lead role. The novel is set in Varanasi, the holy city of Hindus. Sevasadan ("House of Service") is an institute built for the daughters of courtesans. The lead of the novel is a beautiful, intelligent and talented girl called Suman. She belongs to a high caste. She is married to a much older, tyrannical man. She realises that a loveless marriage is just like prostitution, except that there is only one client. Bholi, a courtesan, lives opposite Suman. Suman realises that Bholi is "outside purdah" while she is "inside it". Suman leaves her husband and becomes a successful entertainer of gentlemen. But after a brief period of success, she ends up as a victim of a political drama played out by self-righteous Hindu social reformers and moralists.

A film version of Premchand's novel, Gaban, was released in 1966. Sunil Dutt, Sadhana Shivdasani, Kanhaiyalal and Leela Mishra acted in the film and the music was scored by musician duo Shankar–Jaikishan. Heera Moti, a 1959 Indian Hindi-language film directed by Krishan Chopra, was based on Premchand's "Do Bailon ki Katha".

In 1977, Satyajit Ray made a film based on Premchand's short story "Shatranj ke Khiladi" ("The Chess Players"), which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi. The film revolves around the decadence of nawabi Lucknow, where the obsession with a game consumes the players, making them oblivious of their responsibilities in the midst of a crisis.

Oka Oori Katha (A Story of a Village) is a 1977 Telugu film directed by Mrinal Sen. It is based on the story "Kafan" by Munshi Premchand. It is one of the few art films made in the Telugu language.

Indian film director Satyen Bose adapted Premchand's "Panch Parmeshwar" into the 1979 film Saanch Ko Aanch Nahin. Bazaar E Husn, a 2014 Indian Hindi-language film, was based on Premchand's novel of the same name. A 2019 Indian film, Ek Betuke Aadmi Ki Afrah Raatein, was based on Fyodor Dostoevsky's "White Nights" and "The Dream of a Ridiculous Man", and Premchand's "Bhoot".

At least three television series based on Premchand's works have been aired by the Indian national public broadcaster Doordarshan on DD National which include Munshi Premchand's Guldasta, Munshi Premchand ki Kahani, and Tehreer Munshi Premchand Ki. The television films Sadgati (based on a Premchand short story) and Seva Sadan (based on Bazaar-e-Husn) were also aired by Doordarshan.

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

 Kavishala Sootradhar | Munshi Premchand

1880 births
1936 deaths
19th-century Indian novelists
19th-century Indian short story writers
19th-century pseudonymous writers
20th-century Indian novelists
20th-century Indian screenwriters
20th-century Indian short story writers
20th-century pseudonymous writers
20th-century Urdu-language writers
Hindi-language writers
Hindi-language novelists
Indian magazine founders
Indian magazine editors
Indian male novelists
Indian male screenwriters
Novelists from Uttar Pradesh
Writers from British India
University of Allahabad alumni
Urdu-language novelists
Urdu-language short story writers
Urdu-language writers from British India
Writers from Varanasi

Premchand


El Museo Nacional de Arqueología (MUNARQ) es un museo público boliviano que forma parte de la Unidad de Arqueología y Museos dependiente de la Dirección General de Patrimonio Cultural del Ministerio de Culturas y Turismo. Está ubicado en el Palacio Tiwanaku que fue declarado Monumento Nacional en 1990.

Es el museo más antiguo del país desde que comenzó a funcionar el año 1838, cuando el mariscal Andrés de Santa Cruz ordenó la creación de un museo para mostrar las riquezas mineras, muestras de la diversidad de fauna y flora, objetos etnográficos y arqueológicos de Bolivia.

Historia

El primer paso en la historia del museo fue llevado a cabo por el expresidente José Ballivián el 13 de junio de 1846, cuando inauguró el Museo Público en el segundo piso del Teatro Municipal y encomendó su dirección al doctor Manuel Fernández de Córdoba.

El Museo Público carecía de un inmueble propio por lo que en 1919, 73 años después, el expresidente José Gutiérrez Guerra autorizó el contrato de alquiler del Palacio Tiwanaku, construido el 1916 y hogar de Arturo Posnansky, para que en ese edificio funcionaran los museos Nacional y Mineralógico. Mediante la Resolución Suprema del 22 de mayo de 1922 el expresidente Bautista Saavedra aprobó la compra de dicha propiedad por parte del Estado.

Concluido este proceso, el 31 de enero de 1960 se reinauguró con el nombre Museo Nacional de Arqueología, que contaba con colecciones arqueológicas, paleontológicas y antropológicas. Desde entonces el Museo de Arqueología fue incluyendo diversas muestras, hasta contar actualmente con más de 50 mil piezas, debidamente registradas y catalogadas, pertenecientes a las culturas y civilizaciones del oriente y occidente del país.

En 1990, el Palacio Tiwanaku, actual edificio del Museo Nacional de Arqueología, fue declarado Monumento Nacional de Bolivia mediante el Decreto Supremo N.º 22427 por sus características especiales de su singular diseño, único en su especie.

Colección

La colección del Museo Nacional de Arqueología está compuesta por más de 18 mil piezas arqueológicas de culturas de toda Bolivia, entre ellas las culturas Tiwanaku, Chiripa, Mollo, Inka y las del oriente boliviano. Una gran cantidad de vasijas, cántaros y piezas esculpidas en arcilla.  Una de las últimas adiciones al museo fueron 30 piezas de cerámica arqueológica de la isla Pariti halladas en 2004 en la isla Pariti del lago Titicaca con piezas diseñadas de cabezas de puma, mamíferos, cóndores, serpientes y con figuras de seres mitad humano y mitad animal de los que se desconocía su existencia que datan entre los años 900 y 1200 después de Cristo.

Ambientes

El MUNARQ cuenta con tres salas para las diferentes exposiciones en el museo. La primera sala está dedicada a un recorrido global y cronológico de Bolivia y su historia, la segunda sala muestra piezas mayormente de la cultura tiwanacota, con las muestras de Pariti, Amaguaya, los alucinógenos y otros. La tercera sala explica el desarrollo de las diferentes regiones bolivianas, con muestras incas, de la cultura Mollo y todo lo concerniente a la vida colonial y republicana.

La cuarta sala presenta muestras en piedra, en metal y también en tejidos, que incluye una gama extensa de diseños de textiles de las distintas culturas del país. La quinta está dedicada exclusivamente a la muerte, donde se exhiben momias, recreación de entierros, alta montaña, contexto funerarios y las cabezas de trofeo.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
 Página del Munarq

Nacional de Arqueología
Arqueología de Bolivia
Nacional de Arqueología

Museo Nacional de Arqueología (Bolivia)


Kerč (ukrajinski: Керч, ruski: Керчь) je lučki grad u Autonomnoj republici Krim u Ukrajini (de jure) i Rusiji (de facto) od 145 265 stanovnika

Geografske i klimatske karakteristike
Kerč leži na krajnjem istoku krimskog poluotoka, u malom zaljevu, na zapadnoj obali istoimenog tjesnaca, koji vodi u Azovsko more.

Povijest
Na mjestu današnjeg grada nalazila se kolonija miletskih Grka - Pantikapaion (grčki: Παντικάπαιον), osnovana u 6. stoljeću pr. Kr. Grad je cvjetao kao trgovačko središte, a od 5. stoljeća pr. Kr. postao je i prijestolnica kimerskog Bosporskog Kraljevstva. O tim slavnim danima svjedoče, brojni arheološki nalazi od katakombi do grobnih humaka, od kojih je najimpresivniji kraljevski kurgan. Kasnije je postao dio Rimskog Carstva, poznat po svom (latinskom imenu Panticapaeum.

Grad je trpio od brojnih barbarskih provala sve do 375. kad su ga totalno razorili Huni. Nakon što je za ranog srednjeg vijeka obnovljen, nad njim nakon Bizanta vladaju mongolski Tatari sve do - 1318., kad su ga ustupili Republici Genovi. Od tada je bio poznat kao Korčev (talijanski: Cerco ili Cerchio), iz tog je izvedeno današnje ime grada. Od 15. stoljeća gradom vladaju Osmanlije, sve do - 1774. kad su ga nakon Rusko-turskog rata prepustili Ruskom Carstvu.

Za ruske vlasti postao je luka za pretovar roba koje su kasnije prevožene u Azovsko more. Krajem 19. stoljeća, pored grada otkrivene su velika nalazišta željezne rude, koja je iskapana i prevožena u Donbaski bazen na daljnju preradu. Metalurški objekti podignuti - 1897., uništeni su tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata, kada je i sam grad teško oštećen.

Znamenitosti i kultura
Najveće znamenitost grada su arheološki ostatci antičkog Pantikapaiona na Mitridatovom brdu, kraljevski kurgan iz 4. stoljeća pr. Kr. i crkva iz 8. stoljeća.

Gospodarstvo
Nakon rata podignuti su neki pogoni za proizvodnju lijevanog željeza i popravak brodova. Pored toga za ekonomiju grada značajno je ribarstvo i konzerviranje riba.

Izvori

Gradovi na Krimu
Gradovi heroji SSSR-a

Kerč


Stella Tennant (Londres, 17 de diciembre de 1970-Duns, Escocia, 22 de diciembre  de 2020) fue una aristócrata y modelo británica.

Primeros años
Stella fue la menor de tres hijos, Eduard e Isabel fueron sus hermanos. Sus padres fueron el Honorable Tobias Tennant (hijo del segundo Barón Glenconner) y Lady Emma Cavendish, quien fue hija del 11.º Duque de Devonshire y Deborah Mitford, la menor de las hermanas Mitford. Tennant creció en una granja localizada en Scottish Borders, Escocia. Durante su adolescencia asistió a Marlborough College, un internado ubicado en Marlborough, Wiltshire, Inglaterra. Luego se graduó de escultora en la escuela de Arte de Winchester.

Modelaje
Tennant se fotografió a sí misma y un amigo la presentó a la periodista de moda Plum Sykes poco después de perforarse el tabique nasal, algo inusual para las modelos de la época y que sorprendió a Sykes, con quien luego aparecería en la revista Vogue de Reino Unido, la editorial que protagonizaron juntas en el número de diciembre de 1993 se llamó Actitud Anglosajona y fue realizada por el fotógrafo Steven Meisel. Una conocida anécdota cuenta que Stella arribó a la sesión fotográfica con su piercing en la nariz, pero los editores pidieron que se lo retirara a lo cual ella se negó, esta actitud atrajo a Meisel quien la invitó al siguiente día a otra sesión fotográfica para Vogue Italia. Desde entonces, Stella trabajaría como modelo para varios proyectos con Meisel y otros fotógrafos conocidos como Mario Testino y David Sims. En la pasarela, protagonizó varios desfiles para Chanel, Versace, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Alexander McQueen, entre otros, haciéndose muy conocida por su look andrógino.

Vida personal y regreso a la industria
En 1998, tras anunciar su primer embarazo, Stella decide retirarse de la industria de la moda. En el año 1999 se casó con el fotógrafo francés David Lasnet. Para su boda, Stella vistió un vestido minimalista diseñado por Helmut Lang. Su primer hijo fue Marcel Lasnet, seguido por Cecily Lasnet, Jasmine Lasnet e Iris Lasnet. En el año 2003, luego del nacimiento de su terciogénita, Stella decide regresar a la moda protagonizando una campaña para Burberry realizada por Mario Testino.

En el año 2012, apareció durante la ceremonia de clausura de los Juegos Olímpicos de Londres junto con otros modelos británicos, quienes usaron diseños creados especialmente para el evento por diseñadores de la misma nacionalidad. Stella modeló un diseño creado por el diseñador escocés Christopher Kane.

Protagonizó su último desfile en Paris, el 22 de enero de 2020, abriendo la colección de alta costura primavera-verano de Valentino.

Tennant residía en una granja en Berwickshire, Escocia. Es en este lugar tenía un estudio de escultura, junto a su hermana Isabel, llamado Tennant & Tennant. Durante la década de 2010 se convirtió en una activista a favor del medio ambiente, protagonizando varias campañas para la organización Global Cool.

En agosto de 2020 había anunciado su separación con David Lasnet tras 21 años de matrimonio, junto al cual habían formado negocios en el mercado de los inmobiliarios.

Fallecimiento
Stella Tennant falleció en Duns de manera súbita y por causas aún no determinadas el 22 de diciembre de 2020, aunque sus familiares comunicaron que falleció debido a un suicidio.

Referencias

Modelos de Escocia
Mitford
Escocesas del siglo XX
Muerte súbita
Suicidios en 2020
Suicidas del Reino Unido

Stella Tennant


Traian Lupea (n. 1878, Cugir, județul Alba – d. 1967, Cugir) a fost un deputat în Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, organismul legislativ reprezentativ al "tuturor românilor din Transilvania, Banat și Țara Ungurească", cel care a adoptat hotărârea privind Unirea Transilvaniei cu România, la 1 decembrie 1918.

Biografie
Dimitrie Barbu a studiat la școala primară și la gimnaziul din Orăștie, pentru ca mai apoi să urmeze pedagogia la Blaj. A fost învățător în Cugir.

Activitatea politică
În Adunarea Națională din 1 decembrie 1918 a reprezentat ca delegat cercul electoral din Orăștie.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ioan I. Șerban, Dorin Giurgiu, Ionela Mircea, Nicolae Josan, Dicționarul personalităților Unirii. Trimișii românilor transilvăneni la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia, Muzeul Național al Unirii, Alba Iulia, 2003, ISBN 973-8141-90-7

Lectură suplimentară

Legături externe
  Membrii de drept ai Marii Adunării Naționale de la Alba-Iulia din 1 decembrie 1918, lista publicată în "Gazeta Oficială", Sibiu, nr. 1, 1/14 decembrie 1918
  1 decembrie 1918, Marea Unire de la Alba Iulia. Mărturii, documente și semnificații

Vezi și
 Lista delegaților la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia

Nașteri în 1878
Decese în 1967
Delegați la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
Transilvăneni
Învățători români

Traian Lupea


ගණිතඥයෙකු යනු ප්‍රාථමික අධ්‍යයන ක්ෂේත්‍රය ගණිතය වන්නාවූ පුද්ගලයෙකි.  දැනට ලොව ගණිතඥයින් බොහෝ ප්‍රමාණයක් සිටී.
ගණිතය

ගණිතඥයා


مركبة مشاة قتالية  هي مركبة من مركبات القتال المدرعة المصممة لنقل قوات المشاة إلى ساحة المعركة وتوفير الغطاء الناري لهم، تتشابه مركبات المشاة القتالية مع ناقلات الجنود المدرعة من حيث قدرتها على نقل من 5 إلى 10 أفراد إلى مناطق القتال إلا إن الاختلاف الجوهري بينهما يتمثل في نوعية الأسلحة التي تزود بها مركبات المشاة القتالية التي تسمح لها بإعطاء الدعم الناري المباشر لوحدات المشاة خلال هجوم إضافة إلى دروعها المقواة.

السلاح الأساس لمركبات المشاة القتالية هو مدفع رئيسي بعيار يتراوح من 20 إلى 40 ملم ورشاش آلي من عيار 7.62 ملم ويضاف أحيانا صواريخ موجهة مضادة للدروع وصواريخ أرض جو.

مركبات مشاة قتالية
 في بي سي أي
 بي إم بي-1
 بي إم بي-2
 بي إم بي-3
 أم2 برادلي
 راتيل

مراجع

حرب مدرعة
مركبات قتالية مدرعة حسب النوع
مركبات مشاة قتالية

مركبة مشاة قتالية


La cordillera Central es uno de los tres ramales importantes en los que se divide la cordillera de los Andes en el Perú. Se extiende desde la cordillera del Cóndor en la frontera con Ecuador hasta el nudo de Vilcanota, pasando por el nudo de Pasco en el centro del Perú. Tiene una longitud aproximada de 1.500 km y es menos elevada que la Cordillera Occidental, salvo en su sector meridional. Presenta un mayor poblamiento en el lado oeste, destacando las poblaciones de Chachapoyas, Cerro de Pasco, Huánuco, Tarma, Huancavelica y Ayacucho. Presenta pisos altitudinales que van ascendiendo: el cálido, el templado, la puna baja y la alta, y el helado. La cordillera atraviesa los departamentos de Amazonas, Cajamarca, San Martín, La Libertad, Huánuco, Pasco, Junín, Huancavelica, Ayacucho, Apurímac, Cusco y Puno.

Secciones
En el sector norte se encuentra delimitada entre la frontera con el Ecuador y el nudo hidro-orográfico de Pasco, donde nacen el río Huallaga, el Marañón y el Mantaro. Se encuentra separada de la cordillera Occidental por la entalladura del río Marañón, y de la cordillera Oriental por el río Huallaga. Al norte del valle Bagua su relieve es erosionado profundamente por el río Marañón que la corta transversalmente, en el pongo Rentema.

En el sector sur la cordillera es discontinua debido a que presenta un relieve en general más abrupto, especialmente en los sectores donde la cortan transversalmente los ríos Mantaro, Apurímac y Urubamba. Comprende las cordilleras de Vilcabamba, Huaytapallana y La Raya. En la cordillera de Vilcabamba se encuentra el imponente nevado de Salcantay, que con 6.271 m de altitud es la mayor cumbre de la cordillera. En este sector al este de la Cordillera Central se encuentra el Camino del Inca, y las majestuosas ruinas de Machu Picchu, Ollantaytambo y Pisac, entre otras.

Véase también
Cordilleras del Perú
Geografía del Perú

Referencias

Central
Accidentes geográficos del departamento de Amazonas (Perú)
Accidentes geográficos del departamento de Apurímac
Accidentes geográficos del departamento de Ayacucho
Accidentes geográficos del departamento de Cajamarca
Accidentes geográficos del departamento de Cuzco
Accidentes geográficos del departamento de La Libertad
Geografía del departamento de Huancavelica
Accidentes geográficos del departamento de Huánuco
Accidentes geográficos del departamento de Junín
Accidentes geográficos del departamento de Pasco
Accidentes geográficos del departamento de Puno
Geografía del departamento de San Martín

Cordillera Central (Perú)


Der Park Louisa ist ein rund 20 ha großes Waldstück am Rande des Frankfurter Stadtwaldes im Frankfurter Stadtteil Sachsenhausen. In den Waldpark ist ein 2,5 ha großer Waldspielpark integriert. Der Park Louisa ist Teil des Frankfurter Grüngürtels.

Lage
Der Park Louisa liegt im äußersten Norden des Frankfurter Stadtwalds zwischen den Straßen Mörfelder Landstraße und Schwarzsteinkautweg. Die ost-nordöstliche Grenze des Grundstücks bilden die Gleise der Bahnstrecke Frankfurt am Main–Heidelberg. Der Königsbach fließt in nord-nordwestlicher Richtung um das Grundstück des Waldspielparks herum und bildet durch einen teichförmig ausgebauten linken Nebenarm eine künstliche Insel.

Geschichte
Am Rand des Stadtwaldes ließ der Bankier Simon Moritz von Bethmann (1768–1826) im Jahr 1812 den ersten Abschnitt des Louisaparks als Lustgarten im klassischen Landschaftsstil anlegen. Er benannte das Areal nach seiner Frau Louise Friederike, einer in Guyana geborenen Holländerin. Von Bethmann besaß zu dieser Zeit bereits den späteren Bethmannpark sowie die Gutshöfe Sandhof und Riedhof.

Zwischen dem Lustgarten und dem Wildpark stand ein Jagdhaus, das Borkenhäuschen. Seine Außenwände waren mit Baumrinden verkleidet. Nachempfunden wurde das fremdartige Haus einem Gebäude im Park von Zar Alexander I. in Zarskoje Selo bei Sankt Petersburg. Von Bethmann pflegte einen intensiven Kontakt mit dem russischen Zarenhaus. Das Borkenhäuschen wurde im Zweiten Weltkrieg zerstört. Seine Umrisse wurden im Zuge der Sanierung von Teilen des Parks im Platzbelag nachgezeichnet.

Im Wildpark ließ Simon Moritz von Bethmann das Bronzestandbild seines Lieblingspferdes Eclipse auf einer Anhöhe arrangieren. Es stand am Rand einer 400 Meter langen Sichtachse. Eclipse galt als der berühmteste englische Deckhengst und wurde 1764 am Tag einer Sonnenfinsternis geboren. Die Plastik fertigte der Bildhauer Christian Friedrich Tieck (1776–1851) an. Nach seiner Zerstörung im Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde das Standbild rekonstruiert. Es steht unter Denkmalschutz des Landes Hessen.

In der zeitgenössischen Literatur wird der Park mit den Worten "Eichen und Buchen [mischen] ihr freundliches Grün mit dem Dunkel der Tannen […]" beschrieben. Der Wildpark Louisa wurde von einem unbekannten Gartenarchitekten in die Formation eines vormaligen Basalt-Steinbruchs eingefügt, die dem Park südlich benachbarte Schwarzsteinkaut (→ Kaute). Im Jahr 2008 ließ die Stadt Frankfurt die Sicht auf das Standbild und den Teich freilegen.

Heutige Nutzung
Die historische Blickachse in den Wald wird von Pflasterquadraten im Platzbelag nachgezeichnet. Ein Podest ermöglicht den Blick in den Wildpark, ähnlich wie zuvor vom Balkon des Jagdhauses aus. Der Schnitt einer Hecke aus Eiben formt das frühere waagerechte Balkongeländer nach. Die Einzäunung wurde zum Schutz des Pferdestandbilds beibehalten. Auf eine Freistellung der langen Blickachse in den Wald hinein wurde verzichtet. Der Park ist täglich rund um die Uhr frei zugänglich.

Waldspielpark Louisa
Die Fläche des heutigen Waldspielparks Louisa entspricht dem früheren Bethmannschen Lustgarten. Die Stadt Frankfurt kaufte 1941 das Gelände von der Familie Bethmann zurück und machte es als Erholungsstätte der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich. 1954 wurde auf dem Grundstück einer der ersten Waldspielparks in Frankfurt eröffnet, eine Grünfläche für die Stadtteile Sachsenhausen und Niederrad. Der Kinderspielplatz fügt sich in den historischen Garten ein.

Ausstattung
Der Waldspielpark ist durch seine Wasserspiele (Wassersprühfeld und Planschbecken) besonders für Kinder interessant. Die Wasserspiele sind ab Außentemperaturen von 22 °C in Betrieb. Daneben gibt es eine große Rutsche, eine große Liegewiese, Sitzbänke, einen Rundweg durch den Park sowie eine große Holzburg. Ein Kiosk, der kalte und warme kleine Speisen und Getränke anbietet, liegt auf einer Anhöhe im Spielpark. Toiletten, auch für Rollstuhlfahrer, sind am Ein- und Ausgang vorhanden. Hunde sind – wie in allen Frankfurter Spielparks – nicht erlaubt.

In den Waldspielpark Louisa ist der integrative Josef-Buchmann-Spielbereich integriert. Dieser bietet auch behinderten und blinden Kindern die Möglichkeit, hier zu spielen.

Verkehrsanbindung
Unmittelbar am Ausgang des Waldspielparks befindet sich die Bushaltestelle Waldspielpark Louisa, an der die VgF-Buslinien 61, 78 und 80 (nur bei Großveranstaltungen im Stadion) sowie die Nachtbuslinie n7 halten. Östlich des Parks liegt der Bahnhof Frankfurt-Louisa, der von den S-Bahn-Linien S3 und S4 sowie den Straßenbahnlinien 17 und 18 bedient wird. Etwa 200 Meter vom Park entfernt liegen an der Kreuzung Mörfelder Landstraße/Stresemannallee die Haltestellen Stresemannallee/Mörfelder Landstraße der Straßenbahnlinien 17 und 18 sowie der Buslinien N7, 35, 61 und 78.

Weblinks

 Waldspielpark Louisa auf frankfurt-interaktiv.de
 Waldspielpark Louisa auf frankfurt.de abgeru8fne am 25. Feb. 2020

Einzelnachweise

Parkanlage in Frankfurt am Main
Frankfurter Stadtwald
Frankfurter Grüngürtel
Kulturdenkmal in Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen
Untermainebene
Parkanlage in Europa

Park Louisa


Fernand Dehousse (* 3. Juli 1906; † 10. August 1976) war ein belgischer Politiker der Belgischen Arbeiterpartei.

Leben
Dehousse studierte vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg Rechts- und Sozialwissenschaften an der Universität Lüttich. Später unterrichtete er ab 1947 an dieser Universität als Hochschullehrer Rechtswissenschaften. Dehousse war für Belgien Vertreter in der Generalversammlung der Vereinten Nationen. Von 1956 bis 1959 war er Präsident der Parlamentarischen Versammlung des Europarates. Dehousse war Abgeordneter im Europäischen Parlament. Er war mit der Philologin und Hochschullehrerin Rita Lejeune verheiratet; der belgische Politiker Jean-Maurice Dehousse ist ihr gemeinsamer Sohn.

Literatur

Weblinks

 Nachlass im Historischen Archiv der EU

Einzelnachweise

Mitglied des Europäischen Parlaments für Belgien vor 1979
Mitglied der Parlamentarischen Versammlung des Europarats
Ständiger Vertreter Belgiens bei den Vereinten Nationen
Hochschullehrer (Universität Lüttich)
Träger des Großen Bundesverdienstkreuzes mit Stern
Belgier
Geboren 1906
Gestorben 1976
Mann

Fernand Dehousse


Le Noël pastoral, op. 20, est une œuvre de la compositrice Mel Bonis, datant de 1892.

Composition
Mel Bonis compose son Noël pastoral pour voix et piano sur un texte d'Amédée-Louis Hettich. L'œuvre est publiée en 1892 aux éditions Leduc. Elle est rééditée aux éditions Armiane en 2005, puis en 2014.

Analyse
Le Noël pastoral est une œuvre ayant pour thème celui de la Nativité, où la compositrice verse toute la force de sa croyance en Dieu et de l'amour qu'elle lui porte. L'œuvre prend le point de vue des bergers allant à la rencontre de Jésus. C'est une pièce de caractère et non une pièce de circonstance.

La pièce, ayant un texte court, a une forme Lied.

Réception

Discographie
Mel Bonis, l'œuvre vocale: Doron musique, 2006

Références

Sources

Liens externes

 Mel Bonis, compositrice - site officiel: Les mélodies

Œuvre de Mel Bonis
Œuvre réalisée en 1892

Noël pastoral


Mikeas Sánchez née à proximité de Chapultenango, au Chiapas, en 1980, est une poète, enseignante, conteuse, traductrice et animatrice de radio mexicaine d'origine zoque.

Biographie
Elle est née en 1980 à Tujsübajk (Río de agua verde), à proximité de Chapultenango, au Chiapas, Mexique, au sein d'une fratrie de 10 frères et sœurs. Sa mère ne parle pas espagnol, mais aime lui raconter des histoires en langue zoque. Son grand-père est un médecin traditionnel, qui, pour guérir les personnes qui le sollicitaient s'exprimait en zoque. , explique-t-elle.
Elle est titulaire d'un diplôme en sciences de l'éducation de l'Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco.

Elle publie des poésies et des récits en langue zoque dans diverses revues et magazines. Elle reçoit plusieurs bourses et prix, comme le prix d'État «Pat O' tan» 2004 pour la poésie indigène, ou encore  le prix narratif «Y el Bolom dice», décerné par le . Ayant obtenu une bourse de la fondation Ford, elle reprend alors des études en didactique des langues et des littératures à l'université autonome de Barcelone.

Son travail apparaît dans des anthologies telles que Los abismos de la palabra, éditée par l'Universidad Intercultural de Chiapas en 2005. En 2006, elle participe au programme du centre de traduction littéraire du Banff Centre International, à Calgary, au Canada. Cette même année 2006, elle publie Maka mujsi tumä jama (traduit et publié également en espagnol sous le titre Y sabrás un día [Et tu sauras un jour].

Elle devient directrice de Radio Copainalá "", une station de radio qui diffuse ses émissions en langues zoque et tzotzil sur une quarantaine de municipalités. Elle participe aussi à des événements littéraires comme le , et participe à des enregistrements d'albums.

En 2014, elle est nominée pour le prix Pushcart aux États-Unis. Certains de ses poèmes ont été traduits en catalan, italien, allemand, maya, portugais et anglais.

Elle explique que, de son point de vue, la littérature dans la langue zoque a une qualité naturellement poétique, du fait d'un lien spirituel différent avec la nature. , indique-t-elle.

Principales publications
 2006 : Maka mujsi tumä jama
 2011 : Äj' ngujkomo
 2012 : Mumure' tä' yäjktambä
 2013 : Kobikyajubä'jaye
 2013 : Mojk'jäyä/Mokaya

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en 1980
Naissance dans l'État de Chiapas
Poétesse mexicaine
Langue zoque

Mikeas Sánchez


Lentiai ist eine Fraktion der nordostitalienischen Gemeinde (comune) Borgo Valbelluna  in der Provinz Belluno in Venetien. Lentiai liegt etwa 18 Kilometer westsüdwestlich von Belluno im Valbelluna und grenzt unmittelbar an die Provinz Treviso.

Die Gemeinde Lentiai wurde am 30. Januar 2019 mit Mel und Trichiana zur neuen Gemeinde Borgo Valbelluna zusammengeschlossen. Sie hatte zuletzt 2959 Einwohner (Stand 31. Dezember 2017) auf einer Fläche von 37,61 km². Lentiai war Teil der Comunità Montana Val Belluna. Die nordwestliche Gemeindegrenze bildete der Piave. Die Nachbargemeinden waren Cesiomaggiore, Feltre, Mel, Santa Giustina, Valdobbiadene und Vas. Zur Gemeinde gehörten die Fraktionen Boschi, Canai, Cesana, Colderù, Marziai, Ronchena, Stabie und Villapiana.

Weblinks

Ehemalige Gemeinde (Venetien)
Gemeindeauflösung 2019
Ort in der Provinz Belluno
Borgo Valbelluna

Lentiai


Neum er Bosnien-Hercegovinas eneste havneby, beliggende ved landets kun 24 kilometer lange kyststrækning. Neum er en kendt turistby og havde 4.268 indbyggere ved folketællingen 1991. Nu er der  indbyggere.

Neum er en lavprisferie- og shoppingby. Vejen til resten af Bosnien-Hercegovina er ganske slynget og smal og derfor går de fleste rejser og transporter mellem Neum og Sarajevo via Kroatien i stedet. Den vigtigste havn for Bosnien-Hercegovina er Ploče i Kroatien, som har jernbane. Der er planer om at bygge en fragthavn i Neum med jernbane- og motorvejsforbindelse til resten af Bosnien-Hercegovina, blandt andet på grund af uenighed om priserne i Pločes havn.

Det forhold at den sydlige del af Kroatien er adskilt fra resten af landet har fået Kroatien til at planlægge en bro fra Klek til Pelješac (Pelješac-broen) for at komme uden om det bosniske område. Denne bro vil besværliggøre Bosnien-Hercegovinas adgang til havet, så landene er i dialog om projektet.

Neum er den eneste by i Bosnien-Hercegovina som ikke har en moské. Der er til gengæld en katolsk kirke.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Neum and Bridge between Croatia's Mainland to Peljesac Peninsula

Byer i Bosnien-Hercegovina
Havnebyer

Neum


Christophe Gans (n. 11 martie 1960, Antibes) este un regizor, scenarist și producător francez.

Tinerețe

Christophe Gans și-a arătat pasiunea pentru filme din tinerețe. Când era adolescent, a făcut mai multe filme samurai și kung fu cu prietenii săi. La sfârșitul anilor 1970, a înființat revista "Rhesus Zero" despre filme de categoria B. În 1980, a studiat la scoală cinematografică franceză Idhec si a regizat scurt-metrajul "Silver Slime", un omagiu adus lui Mario Bava. În 1982, a înființat revista "Starfix" și a apărat regizori precum David Cronenberg, Dario Argento, Russel Mulcahy, David Lynch, John Carpenter sau Sergio Leone.

S-a hotărât să facă filme și a regizat una dintre cele trei părți ale filmului Necromicon, "Înnecatul", apoi a făcut "Eliberatorul" (Crying Freeman). Gans a făurit colecția video "HK", dedicată filmelor din Hong Kong. A lucrat doi ani la o adaptare liberă a cărții "20.000 de leghe sub mări", dar proiectul a eșuat. În 1999, i s-a cerut să facă Frăția lupilor, despre Bestia din Gévaudan, un animal necunoscut care a omorât mai mult de o sută de oameni în Franța la sfârșitul secolului al 18-lea. Filmul a fost lansat în ianuarie 2001 și a fost un mare succes.

A încercat să convingă Corporația Konami să-i dea drepturi de a face o adaptare cinematografică a seriei de jocuri Silent Hill cinci ani. I-a convins după ce le-a trimis un interviu în care spunea cât de mult înseamnă seria pentru el împreună cu scene filmate din proprii săi bani.

Filmografie

Referințe

 Regizori francezi

Christophe Gans