The Alaska class were six very large cruisers ordered before World War II for the United States Navy, of which only two were completed and saw service late in the war. The US Navy designation for the ships of this class was 'large cruiser' (CB) and the majority of leading reference works consider them as such. However, various other works have alternately described these ships as battlecruisers despite the US Navy having never classified them as such. The Alaskas were all named after territories or insular areas of the United States, signifying their intermediate status between larger battleships (which were mostly named after states) and smaller heavy and light cruisers (which were named after cities).

The idea for a large cruiser class originated in the early 1930s when the U.S. Navy sought to counter the  "pocket battleships" being launched by Germany. Planning for ships that eventually evolved into the Alaska class began in the late 1930s after the deployment of Germany's s and rumors that Japan was constructing a new large cruiser class, the B-65 cruiser. To serve as "cruiser-killers" capable of seeking out and destroying these post-treaty heavy cruisers, the class was given large guns of a new and expensive design, limited armor protection against 12-inch shells, and machinery capable of speeds of about .

Of the six planned,  and  were the only two to be completed; a third, Hawaii, was still building at the war's end and had its construction suspended on 16 April 1947, while the remaining three were cancelled. Alaska and Guam served with the U.S. Navy for the last year of World War II as bombardment ships and fast carrier escorts. They were decommissioned in 1947 after spending only 32 and 29 months in service, respectively.

Background
Heavy cruiser development formalized between World War I and World War II due to the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty and successor treaties and conferences, where the United States, Britain, Japan, France, and Italy agreed to limit heavy cruisers to 10,000 tons displacement with 8-inch main armament. Up until the Alaska class, US cruisers designed between the wars followed this pattern.

The initial impetus for the Alaska design came from the deployments of Germany's so-called pocket battleships in the early 1930s. Though no actions were immediately taken, these thoughts were revived in the late 1930s when intelligence reports indicated Japan was planning or building "super cruisers" of the B-65 class that would be much more powerful than the current US heavy cruisers. The navy responded in 1938 when the General Board asked the Bureau of Construction and Repair to conduct a "comprehensive study of all types of naval vessels for consideration for a new and expanded building program". The US president at the time, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, may have taken a lead role in the development of the class with his desire to have a counter to raiding abilities of Japanese cruisers and German pocket battleships. While these claims are difficult to verify, others have speculated that their design was "politically motivated" rather than strategic.

Design
One historian described the design process of the Alaska class as "torturous" due to the numerous changes and modifications made to the ship's layouts by numerous departments and individuals. Indeed, there were at least nine different layouts, ranging from 6,000-ton  anti-aircraft cruisers to "overgrown" heavy cruisers and a 38,000-ton mini-battleship that would have been armed with twelve 12-inch and sixteen 5-inch guns. The General Board, in an attempt to keep the displacement under 25,000 tons, allowed the designs to offer only limited underwater protection such that they were vulnerable, by comparison with a battleship, to torpedoes and to shells that fell short of the ship. The final design was a scaled-up  that had the same machinery as the s. This ship combined a main armament of nine 12-inch guns with protection against 10-inch gunfire into a hull that was capable of .

The Alaskas were officially funded in September 1940 along with a plethora of other ships as a part of the Two-Ocean Navy Act. Their role had been altered slightly: in addition to their surface-to-surface role, they were planned to protect carrier groups. This carrier escort capability was favored by Admiral King. Because of their bigger guns, greater size and increased speed, they would be more valuable in this role than heavy cruisers, and would provide insurance against reports that Japan was building super cruisers more powerful than the American heavy cruisers. The escort concept would also free the few existing heavy cruisers for scouting (their original purpose).

Possible conversion to aircraft carriers

Yet another drastic change was considered during the "carrier panic" in late 1941, when the US Navy realized that they needed more aircraft carriers as quickly as possible. Many hulls currently under construction were considered for conversion into carriers. At different times, they considered some or all of the  light cruisers, the  heavy cruisers, the Alaska class, and even one of the s; in the end, they chose the Clevelands, resulting in the conversion of nine ships under construction at the New York Shipbuilding Corporation shipyard as the light aircraft carriers comprising the .

A conversion of the Alaska cruisers to carriers was "particularly attractive" because of the many similarities between the design of the s and the Alaska class, including the same machinery. However, when Alaska cruisers were compared to the Essex carriers, converted cruisers would have had a shorter flight deck (so they could carry only 90% of the aircraft), would have been  lower in the water, and could travel  less at . In addition, the large cruiser design did not include the extensive underwater protections found in normal carriers due to the armor weight devoted to counter shell fire. Lastly, an Alaska conversion could not satisfy the navy's goal of having new aircraft carriers quickly, as the work needed to modify the ships into carriers would entail long delays. With this in mind, all planning to convert the Alaskas was abandoned on 7 January 1942.

Construction

Of the six Alaska-class cruisers that were planned, only three were laid down. The first two,  and , were completed by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation. Construction of , the third, was suspended on 16 April 1947 when she was 84% complete. The last three, Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Samoa, were delayed since all available materials and slipways were allocated to higher priority ships, such as aircraft carriers, destroyers, and submarines. Construction had still not begun when steel shortages and a realization that these "cruiser-killers" had no more cruisers to hunt—as the fleets of Japanese cruisers had already been defeated by aircraft and submarines—made the ships "white elephants". As a result, construction of the last three members of the class never began, and they were officially cancelled on 24 June 1943.

Service history

 and  served with the U.S. Navy during the last year of World War II, forming Cruiser Division 16 commanded by Rear Admiral Francis S. Low, USN. Similar to the  fast battleships, their firepower was useful in shore bombardment, and their speed made them excellent fast carrier escorts, a role for which the two had become celebrated within the fleet by the war's end. Both Alaska and Guam protected  when she was on her way to be repaired in Guam after being hit by two Japanese bombs. Afterward, Alaska supported the landings on Okinawa, while Guam went to San Pedro Bay to become the leader of a new task force, Cruiser Task Force 95, under the overall command of Vice Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf. Guam, joined by Alaska, four light cruisers, and nine destroyers, led the task force into the East China and Yellow Seas to conduct raids upon shipping; however, they encountered only Chinese junks.

After the war, both ships served as part of Task Force 71, the designation for the U.S. Seventh Fleet's North China Naval Force. Its mission was to support the American occupation of southern Korea. This included executing various show-the-flag operations along the western coast of Korea as well as in the Bohai Sea. These naval demonstrations preceded Operation Campus, the amphibious landing of U.S. Army ground forces at Incheon, Korea, on 8 September 1945. Subsequently, both ships returned to the United States in mid-December 1945, and they were decommissioned and "mothballed" in 1947, after having spent 32 months (Alaska) and 29 months (Guam) in service.

In 1958, the Bureau of Ships prepared two feasibility studies to explore whether Alaska and Guam could be suitably converted into guided-missile cruisers. The first study involved removing all of the guns in favor of four different missile systems. At $160 million, the cost of this proposed removal was seen as prohibitive, so a second study was initiated. The study left the forward batteries (the two 12-inch triple turrets and three of the 5-inch dual turrets) unchanged, and added a reduced version of the first plan on the stern of the ship. Even though the proposals would have cost approximately half as much as the first study's plan ($82 million), it was still seen as too expensive. As a result, both ships were stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 June 1960. Alaska was sold for scrap on 30 June 1960, and Guam on 24 May 1961.
The still-incomplete  was considered for a conversion to be the Navy's first guided-missile cruiser; this thought lasted until 26 February 1952, when a different conversion to a "large command ship" was contemplated. In anticipation of the conversion, her classification was changed to CBC-1. This would have made her a "larger sister" to , but a year and a half later (9 October 1954) she was re-designated CB-3. Hawaii was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 9 June 1958 and was sold for scrap in 1959.

"Large cruisers" or "battlecruisers"

The Alaska class, along with the Dutch Design 1047 battlecruiser and the Japanese Design B-65 cruiser, were specifically to counter the heavy cruisers being built by their naval rivals. All three have been described as "super cruisers", "large cruisers" or even "unrestricted cruisers", with some (up to Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II itself) advocating that they even be considered as battlecruisers. However, they were never officially classified as capital ships, as that designation was reserved for true battlecruisers and battleships. Early in its development, the class used the US battlecruiser designation CC, which had been planned for the . However, the designation was changed to CB to reflect their new status, "large cruiser", and the practice of referring to them as battlecruisers was officially discouraged. The U.S. Navy then named the individual vessels after U.S. territories, rather than states (as was the tradition with battleships) or cities (for which cruisers were traditionally named), to symbolize the belief that these ships were supposed to play an intermediate role between heavy cruisers and fully-fledged battleships.

The Alaska class certainly resembled contemporary US battleships (particularly the , , and ) in appearance, including the familiar 2-A-1 main battery and massive columnar mast. Their displacement was twice that of the newest heavy cruisers (the ), being only 5,000 tons less than the Washington Treaty's battleship standard displacement limit of 35,000 long tons (36,000 t) (unchanged through the final naval treaty, the London Treaty of 1936). They were also longer than several treaty battleships such as the  and  North Carolina class.

In overall terms, the design of the Alaska class was scaled up from that of the  (themselves the first cruisers in the US Navy to be designed without the limitations of the London Naval Treaty, and exceeding 10,000 tons standard displacement). The armor scheme of the Alaskas was deemed sufficient to provide protection against not only 8″ heavy cruiser shells but even the larger 11″ shells used by Germany's  "pocket battleships" and -class battleships. However, they lacked the comprehensive underwater protection systems found on the larger US battleships or even on smaller, earlier battleships like the French  and German Scharnhorst classes. Thus, the Alaskas were potentially as vulnerable to torpedoes as a heavy cruiser was, as well as to effects from near-misses and 'shorts'.

In addition, despite being much larger than the Baltimore class, the secondary battery of the Alaskas was identical, with an improvement in light anti-aircraft battery size. Whereas the Alaska class carried twelve 5"/38 caliber in six twin turrets, fifty-six 40 mm, and thirty-four 20 mm guns, the Baltimore class carried the same number of 5"/38s, eight fewer 40 mm, and ten fewer 20 mm, considerably fewer than new U.S. battleships that had ten (save for ) 5"/38 twin mounts while older refitted U.S. battleships had eight. The dearth of anti-aircraft weaponry for a ship of its size was attributed to the amidships aircraft catapult like older US cruisers; while other modern U.S. cruisers and battleships opted for stern-mounted aircraft catapults to free up space along the central superstructure for more secondaries and anti-aircraft guns. In common with U.S. heavy cruisers, they had aircraft hangars and a single large rudder; the single rudder combined with the hull's long length gave the Alaskas a turning radius of , which exceeded the turning circles of larger battleships and carriers in the U.S. Navy. Author Richard Worth remarked that when they were finally completed, launched, and commissioned, they had the "size of a battleship but the capabilities of a cruiser". The Alaska class was similarly expensive to build and maintain as contemporary battleships, yet far less capable due to armor deficiencies, while able to put up an anti-aircraft defense comparable only to the much cheaper Baltimore cruisers.

Despite these cruiser-like characteristics, and the U.S. Navy's insistence on their status as cruisers, the Alaska class has been frequently described as battlecruisers. The official navy magazine All Hands said "The Guam and her sister ship Alaska are the first American battle cruisers ever to be completed as such." Author Chris Knupp noted that while "other nations fulfilled the battlecruiser role by designing vessels like battleships, but stripped of armor and other features to gain speed", the United States "fulfilled the battlecruiser role by creating a larger, more powerful heavy cruiser...[whose] design already offered less armor and higher speed, but by enlarging the ship they gained the heavier firepower". The Alaskas percentage of armor tonnage, 28.4%, was slightly less than that of fast battleships; the British King George V class, the American Iowa class, and the battlecruiser/fast battleship  all had armor percentages between 32 and 33%, whereas the Lexington-class battlecruiser design had a nearly identical armor percentage of 28.5%. In fact, older battlecruisers, such as  (19.9%), had a significantly lower percentage. Armament-wise, they had much larger guns than contemporary heavy cruisers; while the Baltimore class only carried nine 8"/55 caliber Marks 12 and 15 guns, the Alaska class carried nine 12"/50 caliber guns that were as good as, if not superior to, the old 14"/50 caliber gun used on the U.S. Navy's pre-treaty battleships.

Armament

Main battery

As built, the Alaska class had nine 12"/50 caliber Mark 8 guns mounted in three triple (3-gun) turrets, with two turrets forward and one aft, a configuration known as "2-A-1". The previous 12" gun manufactured for the U.S. Navy was the Mark 7 version, which had been designed for and installed in the 1912 s. The Mark 8 was of considerably higher quality; in fact, it "was by far the most powerful weapon of its caliber ever placed in service". Designed in 1939, it weighed  including the breech, and could sustain an average rate of fire of 2.4–3 rounds a minute. It could throw a  Mark 18 armor-piercing shell  at an elevation of 45°, and had a 344-shot barrel life (about 54 more than the much larger but similar 16"/50 caliber Mark 7 gun found on the Iowa battleships.). The Alaskas Mark 8 guns were the heaviest main battery of any cruiser of World War II, and as capable as the old 14"/45 caliber gun used on the U.S. Navy's pre-treaty battleships.

The turrets were very similar to those of the Iowa-class battleships, but differed in several ways; for example, the Alaska class had a two-stage powder hoist instead of the Iowa class's one-stage hoist. These differences made operating the guns safer and increased the rate of fire. In addition, a "projectile rammer" was added to Alaska and Guam. This machine transferred shells from storage on the ship to the rotating ring that fed the guns. However, this feature proved unsatisfactory, and it was not planned for Hawaii or any subsequent ships.

Because Alaska and Guam were the only two ships to mount these guns, only ten turrets were made during the war (three for each ship including Hawaii and one spare). They cost $1,550,000 each and were the most expensive heavy guns purchased by the U.S. Navy in World War II.

Secondary battery
The secondary battery of the Alaska class was composed of twelve dual-purpose (anti-air and anti-ship) 5"/38 caliber guns in twin mounts, with four offset on each side of the superstructure (two on each beam) and two centerline turrets fore and aft. The 5"/38 was originally intended for use on only destroyers built in the 1930s, but by 1934 and into World War II it was being installed on almost all of the U.S.'s major warships, including aircraft carriers, battleships, and heavy and light cruisers.

Anti-aircraft battery

Medium anti-aircraft armament (a key component of area air defence within a Task Group) on the Alaska-class ships was 56 x 40mm Bofors guns and for close-in air defence they carried 34 × 20 mm guns. These numbers may be compared with; 48 × 40 mm and 24 × 20 mm on the smaller Baltimore-class heavy cruisers, 60 x 40 mm and 36 x 20 mm on the larger battleship North Carolina at the end of the war, and 80 × 40 mm and 49 × 20 mm on the even larger Iowa-class battleships.

Ships in class

  was commissioned on 17 June 1944. She served in the Pacific, screening aircraft carriers, providing shore bombardment at Okinawa, and going on raiding missions in the East China Sea. She was decommissioned on 17 February 1947 after less than three years of service and was scrapped in 1960.
  was commissioned on 17 September 1944. She served in the Pacific with Alaska on almost all of the same operations. Along with Alaska, she was decommissioned on 17 February 1947 and was scrapped in 1961.
  was intended as a third ship of the class, but she was never completed. Numerous plans to utilize her as a guided-missile cruiser or a large command ship in the years after the war were fruitless, and she was scrapped.
 USS Philippines (CB-4), Puerto Rico (CB-5), and Samoa (CB-6) were planned as the fourth, fifth, and sixth ships of the class, respectively. All three ships were to be built at Camden, New Jersey, but they were cancelled before construction could begin.

See also

 Design B-65 cruiser

 List of ship classes of the Second World War
 Stalingrad-class battlecruiser

Footnotes

Citations

References
  (Google books link)
  (Google Books link)

  (Google Books link)
  (Google Books link)
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  (Google Books link)
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  (Google books link)
  (Google Books link)

  (Google Books link)
  (Google Books link)

External links

 Photographs of the Alaska class
 Alaska class Large Cruisers—From U.S. Office of Naval Intelligence recognition manual ONI 200, issued 1 July 1950
 Detailed video discussion of the Alaska Class Cruiser

Battlecruiser classes
Cruiser classes
New York Shipbuilding Corporation

Alaska-class cruiser


Gavin Brown (* 4. Juni 1975) ist ein schottischer Politiker und Mitglied der Conservative Party.

Leben
Brown studierte Jura und qualifizierte sich als Solicitor. Bevor er sich als Berater selbstständig machte, war er für eine angesehene schottische Kanzlei tätig. 2002 gewann Brown die Debatierweltmeisterschaften in Las Vegas. Im Rahmen der Scottish Politics Awards gewann er 2009 in der Kategorie One to watch, in der der vielversprechendste Jungparlamentarier gekürt wird. Außerdem ist Brown Träger des Schwarzen Gürtels in Taekwondo und gewann bei den schottischen Meisterschaften die Goldmedaille. Er ist Vater zweier Kinder und lebt zusammen mit seiner Frau in Edinburgh.

Politischer Werdegang
Bei den Schottischen Parlamentswahlen 2003 bewarb sich Brown um das Direktmandat des Wahlkreises Glasgow Rutherglen, erhielt aber nur die vierthöchste Stimmenanzahl. Außerdem war er auf dem fünften Rang der Regionalwahlliste der Konservativen für die Wahlregion Glasgow gesetzt. Da die Konservativen infolge des Wahlergebnisses mit dem erstplatzierten Bill Aitken jedoch nur einen Kandidaten entsenden konnten, verpasste Brown den Einzug in das Schottische Parlament. Auch zu den Unterhauswahlen 2005 trat Brown an. In seinem Wahlkreis Edinburgh South konnte er aber nur den drittgrößten Stimmenanteil für sich verbuchen und zog nicht in das Britische Unterhaus ein.

Bei den Parlamentswahlen 2007 kandidierte Brown im Wahlkreis Edinburgh South. Er erhielt nur die vierthöchste Stimmenanzahl. Da der erstplatzierte der Regionalwahlliste der Konservativen für die Wahlregion Lothian, David McLetchie, ein Direktmandat gewann, gelang dem zweitplatzierten Brown bei diesen Wahlen erstmals der Einzug in das Schottische Parlament. Bei den Wahlen 2011 verpasste Brown abermals das Direktmandat von Edinburgh South, behielt jedoch als Vertreter der Wahlregion Lothian seinen Sitz im Parlament. Im Schattenkabinett der Konservativen ist Brown als Minister für Unternehmen, Energie und Tourismus vorgesehen.

Weblinks
 Eigene Netzpräsenz
 Informationen auf den Seiten des Schottischen Parlaments
 Informationen der Conservative Party

Einzelnachweise

Abgeordneter im Schottischen Parlament
Mitglied der Scottish Conservative Party
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Geboren 1975
Schotte
Brite
Mann

Gavin Brown (Politiker)


A final da Copa do Brasil de Futebol de 2022 foi a 34ª final da competição desportiva organizada anualmente pela Confederação Brasileira de Futebol (CBF). As partidas foram disputadas em formato de ida e volta entre , do Rio de Janeiro, e , de São Paulo. Os mandos de campo foram definidos por meio de um sorteio que ocorreu em 20 de setembro na sede da CBF. A equipe carioca chegou à final da competição pela oitava vez, enquanto a equipe paulista, pela sétima vez.

O primeiro jogo da final ocorreu na Neo Química Arena, em São Paulo, em 12 de outubro de 2022, e terminou empatado em 0–0. O segundo jogo ocorreu no Maracanã, no Rio de Janeiro, em 19 de outubro de 2022, e também terminou empatado, em 1–1, sendo realizada uma disputa por pênaltis, onde o  sagrou-se vencedor por 6–5.

Essa foi a segunda final disputada entre as equipes, sendo a primeira na Supercopa do Brasil de 1991, onde a equipe paulista sagrou-se campeã.

Regulamento
Nas finais, as equipes jogaram um torneio de eliminação única.

Foram duas partidas, de ida e de volta. Os mandos de campo da primeira e segunda partida foram determinados por um sorteio realizado na sede da CBF, no Rio de Janeiro, em 20 de janeiro, às 11 horas. Os horários das partidas e locais serão divulgados posteriormente, mas as datas foram previamente definidas: 12 e 19 de outubro.

Como ao fim das duas partidas (0 – 0 e 1 – 1), o resultado agregado (1 – 1) permaneceu empatado, foi realizada uma disputa por pênaltis para determinar o vencedor da competição (artigo 21 do Regulamento).

O campeão da competição, Flamengo, garantiu vaga na fase de grupos da Copa Libertadores da América de 2023. Caso vença também o Campeonato Brasileiro de 2022 ou a Copa Libertadores da América de 2022, a vaga da competição será repassada ao Campeonato Brasileiro, não cabendo ao vice-campeão (artigo 5.º do Regulamento).

Finalistas

Caminhos até a final

Partidas

Primeira partida

Segunda partida

Premiação

Ligações externas

Final
2022
Partidas do Clube de Regatas do Flamengo
Partidas do Sport Club Corinthians Paulista
2022 no Rio de Janeiro
2022 em São Paulo

Final da Copa do Brasil de Futebol de 2022


بلدية قشطانية أو  كُكِنتَينة أو (نقحرة: كوكينتاينا) , هي بلدية تقع في مقاطعة لقنت. جنوب شرق إسبانيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها 10.657 نسمة.

أعلام
 ديفيد بيلدا
 ناتشو إنسا
 رافائيل فالس

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
  (بالإسبانية)

أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة لقنت
بلديات لقنت

كوكينتاينا


27658 Dmitrijbagalej este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
27658 Dmitrijbagalej este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul de Astrofizică din Crimeea de Nikolai Cernîh. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,76 ua, o excentricitate de 0,30 și o înclinație de 9,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 27001-28000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1978
Centura de asteroizi

27658 Dmitrijbagalej


Mineral (2015) este un roman science fiction scris în colaborare de autorii români Dănuț Ungureanu și Marian Truță. Deși considerat o continuare a volumului de succes Vegetal, are ca punct comun cu acesta doar o referință și imaginarea unui viitor distopic, în care omenirea descoperă o metodă de contopire cu pietrele.

Intriga

Northern Symioottinen este una dintre corporațiile care încearcă să le ofere oamenilor o evadare din rutina cotidiană, sub forma fuziunii cu asteroizii. Toate decepțiile vieții, toate nemulțumirile pot fi astfel lăsate deoparte, iar răsplata este una pe măsură: nemurirea. Mai mult decât atât, revoluționara tehnologie deschide poarta către călătoriile spațiale pe distanțe uriașe, deoarece lungimea vieții umane nu mai reprezintă un obstacol.

Cu toate acestea, un litostazic pe nume Cruz Webber renunță la contractul încheiat cu corporația și se refugiază pe Pământ, în Ciscarpatica. Acolo, în munți, el ascunsese în tinerețea lui o comoară, cu care dorește să-i plătească pe pirații spațiali de pe flyreiserul Adelaide pentru a-l ajuta s-o elibereze din asteriod pe iubita lui, Lil de Vries. Contactul lui pe pământ, umbra Achim, îl trădează, dar Webber reușește să-l neutralizeze și să rămână în posesia comorii.

Paul Drexler, unul dintre executivii de la Northern Symbiootinen, îl contactează pe jägterul Gerti Novak și-i cere să-l găsească și să-l lichideze pe Webber. Vânător experimentat, acesta adună toate datele de care are nevoie pentru a da de urma celui căutat. După ce-l capturează, își dă seama că Northern Symbioottinen nu dorește să lase în viață nicio persoană care poate ști despre acel incident - deci nici pe el. Astfel, descoperă că procedeul promovat de corporație nu este nici pe departe atât de idilic pe cât îl prezintă propaganda. În simbioza lor cu piatra, oamenii nu scapă de problemele pe care le au, ci acestea îi vor tortura o eternitate. Mai mult, ploile de meteoriți din ultimii ani se justifică prin încercarea de a crea panică și catastrofe, permițând astfel corporației să apară pe post de salvator.

Novak îl ajută pe Webber să ajungă la punctul de întâlnire cu echipajul flyreiserului Adelaide. Pirații își încasează plata și-l duc pe Webber la locul în care ar fi trebuit să se afle Lil. Din nefericire, o revoltă desfășurată la bordul asteroidului-navă 9969 Braille - expediția trimisă într-o călătorie dincolo de granițele sistemului solar - a dus la un accident cosmic în urma căruia asteroizii din regiune s-au ciocnit și au pornit pe traiectorii imposibil de precizat. Prin urmare, Lil rămâne pierdută undeva, în spațiu. Tomas Isahagian, tehnician pe 9969 Braille, reușește să pună capăt revoltei și să ducă mai departe misiunea omenirii de colonizare a spațiului.

Personaje

 Cruz Webber - litostazic evadat, care încearcă să-și elibereze iubita din fuziunea cu un asteriod
 Gerti Novak - jägter angajat de Northern Symbioottinen să-l lichideze pe Webber
 Tomas Isahagian - tehnician de pe asteroidul-navă 9969 Braille, trezit din hibernare pentru a ajuta echipajul să preia controlul asupra computerului de bord, controlat de litostazici
 Achim - umbră din Ciscarpatica, om de legătură al lui Webber pe Pământ
 Paul Drexler - executiv la Northern Symbioottinen, cel care-l angajează pe Novak
 Simone Freitas - tehnician pe 9969 Braille, conducătoarea rezistenței împotriva litostazicilor care controlează asteroidul
 Lil de Vries - litostazică de care este îndrăgostit Webber și pe care acesta vrea s-o elibereze de comuniunea cu piatra
 K. Speer-Leblanc - conducătorul Northern Symbioottinen
 Bussier - conducătorul flyreiserului Adelaide
 Cien Cienfuegos - subaltern al lui Bussier, om de legătură al lui Webber în spațiu

Opinii critice

Note

Legături externe

 Mineral pe site-ul editurii Nemira

Cărți din 2015
Romane din 2015
Romane științifico-fantastice românești

Mineral (roman)


Varadka este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Bardejov din regiunea Prešov. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 216 locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Varadka este atestată documentar din 1470.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Varadka


نبي أيلا هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء زحلة في محافظة البقاع.

تبعد نبي ايلا 56 كلم (34.7984 مي) عن بيروت عاصمة لبنان. ترتفع 1050 م (3445.05 قدم - 1148.28 يارد) عن سطح البحر وتمتد على مساحة 415 هكتاراً (4.15 كلم²- 1.6019 مي²).

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في قضاء زحلة
أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
تجمعات شيعية في لبنان
مدن لبنان

نبي أيلا


Isaac de Souza Filho, mais conhecido como Isaac Souza (Rio de Janeiro, 23 de junho de 1999), é um mergulhador profissional medalhista de bronze nos jogos pan-americanos de 2019 e que representou o Brasil nas olimpíadas de verão de 2020.

Antes do salto ornamental
Vindo de uma família humilde, Isaac teve infância simples em uma casa ao pé da favela da Mangueira, local marcado pela violência no Rio de Janeiro.

Aos 5 anos de idade, Isaac começou a fazer aulas de capoeira devido à elasticidade e energia.

Aos 7 anos de idade, sua mãe, Elizelba, vendo o filho passando os dias executando cambalhotas e estrelas, se deparou com um panfleto no campus da UERJ chamando interessados para uma peneira de ginástica artística. Apesar de não estar empolgado com a ideia no começo, Isaac foi levado por sua mãe para participar da peneira. Lá, o garoto se destacou e passou no teste. Dois meses depois, seu treinador o encaminhou para o Flamengo.

Inspirado por assistir os jogos pan-americanos de 2007 pela TV, Isaac tentou absorver tudo que podia enquanto tentava replicar os movimentos no tablado do clube rubro-negro, onde ficou por quatro anos.

Eventualmente, por conta da rotina pesada e da carga de esforço dos treinos, Isaac optou por deixar a ginástica, mesmo a contragosto de seus pais.

Carreira no salto ornamental
Logo após deixar a ginástica, aos 11 anos, sob a indicação de um amigo, Isaac convenceu seus pais a tentar um teste no Parque Aquático Julio Delamare, no complexo do Maracanã, para praticar saltos ornamentais.

Ao mesmo tempo em que praticava Saltos Ornamentais, Isaac também fazia aulas de violino, se dividindo entre saltos, música e a escola.

Agradado por poder praticar ao ar livre, Isaac se adaptou muito rápido ao salto ornamental, se transformando em um dos principais nomes brasileiros na categoria.

Em 2013, aos 13 anos, Isaac recebeu um convite para treinar por quatro meses - dividido em dois períodos de dois meses - em Pequim, China, uma das principais potências nos Saltos Ornamentais. Desde então, Isaac passou a integrar a Seleção Brasileira de Saltos Ornamentais.

Quatro anos depois, 2017, logo após as Olimpíadas do Rio, Isaac foi selecionado para receber um repasse do Comitê Olímpico do Brasil por meio do programa solidariedade olímpica, recebendo cerca de 500 dólares mensais da entidade, usando, em principal, para pagar o combustível até os treinos.

Em março de 2018, aos 19 anos, Isaac ganhou o Prêmio Brasil Olímpico, oferecido pelo Comitê Olímpico do Brasil como melhor atleta da modalidade na temporada de 2017.

Em maio de 2019, Isaac foi medalhista nos Jogos Pan-Americanos de Lima. Em agosto, Isaac chegou muito perto de garantir sua classificação para as Olimpiadas de Tóquio de 2020 através do Mundial disputado na Coréia do Sul, ficando a uma posição de conquistar a vaga.

Mesmo assim, o atleta ainda garantiu sua ida para as Olimpíadas de Tóquio através de um evento-teste. No entanto, sua participação nos jogos de Tóquio foi ameaçada por uma decisão da Federação Internacional de Natação (FINA) que, ao perceber que o número de atletas classificados havia superado as 136 cotas disponíveis, precisou mudar os critérios de classificação, tirando a vaga de Isaac. A decisão foi revista em junho do mesmo ano, classificando Isaac novamente para os Jogos de Tóquio.

Logo após conquistar a vaga, Isaac conquistou a medalha de ouro no Grand Prix de Bolzano, na Itália, marcando 377.50 pontos.

Isaac Souza, atleta brasileiro, competiu nas Olimpíadas de Tóquio, alcançando um total de 339.30 pontos em sua modalidade, o que o posicionou na 20ª colocação. Sua jornada nas Olimpíadas se encerrou durante as eliminatórias, não avançando para as etapas subsequentes da competição.

Em 2023, Isaac Souza avançou à final dos saltos ornamentais no Mundial de Esportes Aquáticos de Fukuoka, no Japão, e ficou na 11ª colocação da plataforma de 10m após os seis saltos obrigatórios, com os quais somou um total de 418.95 pontos. Esse resultado garantiu ao brasileiro, assim como aos demais 11 finalistas, uma vaga nos Jogos Olímpicos de Paris.

Referências Bibliogárficas

Saltadores olímpicos do Brasil

Isaac Souza


Francesc d'Assís Galí i Fabra, né à Barcelone le  et mort dans cette même ville le , est un peintre et pédagogue catalan.

Il est le neveu de Pompeu Fabra et l'un des proches de Joan Miró.

Il est le père de l'architecte Beth Galí et l'arrière-grand-père du photographe Francesc Galí i Bohera.

Il est l'une des personnalités majeures du noucentisme et est connu pour ses affiches et ses fresques monumentales, dont certaines sont encore présentes dans plusieurs édifices de Catalogne.

Biographie
Orginaire d'une famille aisée de Barcelone, il étudie à l'école de la Llotja et intègre le Cercle Artistique de Sant Lluc. Sa peinture est moderniste, influencée par le noucentisme, et son travail est également inspiré de Ramon Casas et de Santiago Rusiñol, qui encouragent le jeune artiste.

En 1906, il fonde l'École d'Art Galí, dans la rue Cucurulla de Barcelone. Parmi ses élèves se trouvent notamment Joan Miró et Josep Llorens i Artigas.

En 1915, il intègre l'Escola Superior dels Bells Oficis, où il devient professeur de dessin. Il est reconnu pour ses méthodes pédagogiques novatrices en matière d'enseignement de l'art, mais son travail s'arrête avec le coup d'État de Primo de Rivera qui ferme l'école en 1924.

Entre 1924 et 1936, il se consacre intensément à son travail artistique. Il est nommé conseiller artistique de l'Exposition Internationale de 1929 pour laquelle il réalise l'affiche.

Durant la Guerre d'Espagne, il succède à Josep Renau en tant que directeur général des Beaux-arts de la République. Il protège, à ce poste, plus de trois mille œuvres d'art, dont de nombreux chefs-d'œuvre du Musée du Prado. Lors de l'arrivée des franquistes au pouvoir, en 1939, il doit s'exiler à Londres et vit dans le quartier de Hampstead jusqu'en 1949.

Ses oeuvres peuvent s'admirer aujourd'hui sur les plafonds de la Poste Centrale de Barcelone située via Laietana (1928), dans la coupole du Palais National de Barcelone (1929), dans la salle du Quixot de la Mairie de Barcelone (1958) ou encore à la Bibliothèque Musée Víctor Balaguer de Vilanova i la Geltrú et au Musée national d'art de Catalogne.

Galerie

Notes et références

Liens externes

Peintre catalan
Peintre espagnol du XXe siècle
Naissance à Barcelone
Décès à Barcelone
Professeur d'arts plastiques
Élève de l'école de la Llotja
Exilé du franquisme au Royaume-Uni
Affichiste espagnol
Peintre fresquiste
Naissance en novembre 1880
Décès en septembre 1965
Décès à 84 ans

Francesc d'Assís Galí


Carlo Cudicini (6 Eylül 1973; Milano), İtalyan eski futbolcudur.

Futbola Prato'da başladı. Oradan Lazio'ya geçti. Bir yılını orada geçirdikten sonra Castel di Sangro'ya transfer oldu. Üç yılını da burada geçirdikten sonra Chelsea'ye kiralandı. 2000 yılında Chelsea'ye transfer oldu ve Petr Cech'in gelmesinden 1 yıl sonra Chelsea'nin ikinci kalecisi oldu. 2008-09 sezonu 2. yarısında Tottenham Hotspur'a transfer oldu.Daha sonra 2012-2013 sezonunda da Los Angeles Galaxy'de oynadı.Los Angeles Galaxy'de forma numarası 1'dir.

Kaynakça

1973 doğumlular
SS Lazio futbolcuları
Chelsea FC futbolcuları
Tottenham Hotspur FC futbolcuları
İtalyan futbolcular
İtalya 21 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Yaşayan insanlar
Milano doğumlular
Los Angeles Galaxy futbolcuları
İtalya 18 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Kaleci futbolcular
Premier League futbolcuları
Serie A futbolcuları
AC Milan futbolcuları
Como Calcio 1907 futbolcuları

Carlo Cudicini


Kenneth Elton "Ken" Kesey  (17 Eylül 1935 - 10 Kasım 2001), Amerikalı yazar. En önemli eseri Türkçeye Guguk Kuşu olarak çevrilmiş olan One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nesttir.

La Junta, Colorado'da doğan Kesey'in çocukluğu Oregon Eugene'de geçer. Babası süt fabrikasında işçidir. Gençlik yıllarında güreşe ve boksa merak salar.

Stanford Üniversitesi'nden bir burs kazanıp burada okumaya başlar. Bir süre sonra ayrılıp karşıt kültüre katılır. 1956'da okul arkadaşı Faye Haxby ile evlenir. Bu arada uyuşturucu ilaçlarla tanışıp, kendi üzerinde denemeler yapar. Basılmamış ilk romanı olan Hayvanat Bahçesi'ni (Zoo) yazar. Kitap San Francisco North Beach'te yaşayan hippiler hakkındadır.

Timothy Leary ile birlikte 1960 Hippi kuşağının temsilcisi olurlar. 10 Kasım 2001'de karaciğer kanserinden ölür.

Başlıca eserleri
 One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (Guguk Kuşu). New York: Viking. 1962.
 Sometimes a Great Notion. New York: Viking. 1964.
 Kesey's Garage Sale. New York: Viking. 1972.
 Demon Box. New York: Penguin. 1986.
 Caverns. New York: Penguin. 1990.
 The Further Inquiry (senaryo). New York: Viking. 1990.
 Sailor Song. New York: Viking, Penguin. 1992.
 Last Go Round (Ken Babbs ile birlikte). New York: Viking. 1994.
 Twister. New York: Viking. 1999.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Guguk Kuşu (film)
 Timothy Leary
 LSD

1935 doğumlular
2001 yılında ölenler
Amerikalı yazarlar
20. yüzyıl Amerikalı roman yazarları
21. yüzyıl Amerikalı roman yazarları
Hippiler
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde kanserden ölenler
Karaciğer kanserinden ölenler
Oregon'da ölenler

Ken Kesey


يارا صبري (3 مارس 1971 -)، ممثلة سورية.

عن حياتها
ولدت لعائلة فنية، والدها الفنان سليم صبري ووالدتها الفنانة ثناء دبسي وأيضًا خالتها الفنانة ثراء دبسي كما أنها متزوجة من الفنان ماهر صليبي رزقت منه بولدين كرم ورام. درست في المعهد تخصص علوم سياحية، ثم التحقت بالمعهد العربي للموسيقى للعزف على آلة البيانو. عملت في الإذاعة والتلفزيون والمسرح والسينما. بدأت مسيرتها الفنية في عام 1989 من خلال مسلسل شجرة النارنج ثم شاركت بعدها في العديد من الأعمال إلى أن وصلت إلى أدوار البطولة المُطلقة. انضمت عضو في نقابة الفنانين السوريين بتاريخ الثالث من مارس 1998.

تجربتها في الكتابة
تتضح موهبة يارا في مجال الكتابة وبالأخص تجربة كتابة السيناريو التي بدأت فيها كتعاون درامي من خلال مسلسل قلوب صغيرة عام 2009، ومن ثم تجربتها في مسلسل قيود روح ككاتبة سيناريو بالاشتراك مع زميلتها وصديقتها ريما فليحان.

موقفها السياسي من الأزمة السورية
وقعت في أبريل 2011 إلى جانب عدد من الفنانين ما عُرف بـ«بيان الحليب» الذي طُلب فيه إيصال المساعدات الإنسانية من غذاء ودواء وحليب لأطفال درعا بعد دخول الجيش السوري إليها. كما أعلنت يارا وزوجها تأييدهم ووقوفهم مع الشعب السوري ومطالبه حيث طالبت السلطات السورية بإطلاق سراح المعتقليين في السجون بعد خروجهم للتظاهر عام 2012 حيث دشنت «حملتين الأولى بدنا ياهن بدنا الكل» والثانية«باص الحرية» غادرت سوريا إلى الإمارات حيث تقيم، كما أكد والداها أنها ليست ممنوعة من دخول سوريا رغم موقفها السياسي عام 2015 صرحت عدم ممانعتها على العمل مع النجوم السوريين المخالفين لها سياسياً لأنهم جمعياً سوريون بغض النظر عن اختلافهم السياسي  إنتقلت بعدها للإقامة في كندا

أعمالها الفنية

في التلفزيون
 1989: شجرة النارنج.
 1992: العروس.
 1993: الجذور لا تموت.
 1993: أشياء تشبه الفرح.
 1993: أيوب الغضب
 1993: أبناء وأمهات.
 1993: غدر الزمان.
 1994: خان الحرير.
 1995: الشقيقات.
 1995: السوار.
 1995: ستائر الصمت.
 1996: القيد.
 1996: أيام الغضب.
 2009: الغريب والنهر.
 1997: باب الحديد.
 1998: أمانة في أعناقكم.
 1998: الثريا.
 1998: الجمل.
 1998 سفر.
 1999: جلد الأفعى.
 1999: الحقد الأبيض.
 1999: أزهار الشتاء.
 1999: حي المزار.
 1999: لو كنت مكاني
 1999: الفوارس.
 1999: الفصول الأربعةج1
 2000: نوار.
 2000: غيوم صيفية
 2001: عندما يموت الحب.
 2001: البحث عن المستحيل.
 2001: سحر الشرق.
 2002: قطار المسافات القصيرة.
 2002: الفصول الأربعة ج2.
 2002: البيوت أسرار.
 2003: أيامنا الحلوة.
 2003: حروف يكتبها المطر.
 2003: ذكريات الزمن القادم.
 2004: عالمكشوف.
 2004: حكاية خريف.
 2004: التغريبة الفلسطينية.
 2004: فسحة سماوية.
 2005: أحقاد خفية.
 2005: بكرا أحلى.
 2005: عصي الدمع.
 2005: حكايا الليل والنهار.
 2005: بعقة ضوء.
 2005: حاجز الصمت.
 2006: أهل الغرام ج1.
 2006: الانتظار.
 2007: لامزيد من الدموع.
 2007: أشياء تشبه الحب.
 2007: ممرات ضيقة.
 2007: سيرة الحب.
 2007: على حافة الهاوية.
 2007: الحصرم الشامي ج1.
 2008: أولاد القيمرية.
 2008: رفيف و عكرمة.
 2008: أهل الراية.
 2009: قلوب صغيرة.
 2010: تخت شرقي.
 2010: قيود روح.
 2011: جلسات نسائية.
 2015: وجوه وأماكن-وقت مستقطع.
 2016: سمرقند
 2017: أوركيديا

سهرات تلفزيونية
 لم أعد طفلة (ثلاثية تلفزيونية)
 خرزة زرقا (ثلاثية تلفزيونية)
 1994: منافسة شريفة - سهرة تلفزيونية.
 1999 : حقيبة لرأس السنة
 نزهت خانم
 الوحل
 مرايا القلوب
 الجدران الباردة
 الأمل الذي كان
 ستائر الصمت

في الإذاعة
 «الطاحونة»
 "شهرزاد"
 «ورد وياسمين وغار»
 «مدينة النور»
 «حزورة رمضان»
 «هن في عيون الأدب»
 2015: «بسمة صباح»

في المسرح
 «صمت الكلام»
 «تخاريف»
 «الرقصة الأخيرة»
 «مات ثلاث مرات»
 «كونشرتو»
 «مرمر زماني»
 2007: فوتوكوبي
 2016: تحت السماء

من الأفلام
 2009: ظلال النساء المنسيات - فيلم قصير.
 2021: سلام عبر الشوكلاته

تقديم البرامج
 2018: لو كنت مكاني، راديو روزنا

الجوائز والتكريم
 حازت يارا على جائزة «أدونيا» للدراما السورية عام 2004 كونها أفضل ممثلة عن دورها في مسلسل «التغريبة الفلسطينية».
 جائزة «أدونيا» 2010 عن دورها في مسلسل تخت شرقي.

روابط خارجية

المراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
ممثلات أفلام سوريات
ممثلات تلفزيون سوريات
ممثلات سوريات في القرن 21
ممثلات سوريات في القرن 20
ممثلات من دمشق
مواليد 1391 هـ
مواليد 1971
مواليد في دمشق

يارا صبري


Prvaci Hrvatske u nogometu za kadete (uzrast U-17) za sezonu 2017./18. su šesti put zaredom bili nogometaši Dinama iz Zagreba.

Prva liga

Drugi rang

Povezani članci
 Prvenstvo Hrvatske u nogometu za juniore 2017./18.
 Prvenstvo Hrvatske u nogometu za pionire 2017./18.

Izvori

 prvahnl.hr, 1. HNL Kadeti , pristupljeno 1. lipnja 2018.
 nk-osijek.hr, 1. HNL Kadeti , pristupljeno 1. lipnja 2018.

2017-18
k-p

Prvenstvo Hrvatske u nogometu za kadete 2017./18.


En cryptographie et sécurité des systèmes d'information, une attaque par extension de longueur est un type d'attaque où l'attaquant utilise le hash Hash(message1) et la longueur de message1 pour calculer Hash(message1 ‖ message2) avec un message2 contrôlé par l'attaquant, sans avoir à connaître le contenu de message1.  Les algorithmes tels que MD5, SHA-1 et la plupart des versions de SHA-2 qui sont basés sur la construction de Merkle-Damgård sont vulnérables à ce type d'attaque. Les versions tronquées de SHA-2, comprenant SHA-384 et SHA-512/256 n'y sont pas vulnérables, tout comme l'algorithme SHA-3.

Lorsqu'une fonction de hachage basée sur la Construction de Merkle-Damgård est utilisée en tant que code d'authentification de message avec la construction H(secret ‖ message), et que le message et la longueur du secret sont connus, une attaque par extension de longueur permet à un attaquant d'inclure des informations supplémentaires à la fin du message et produire un hash valide sans connaître le secret. Comme HMAC n'est pas conçu selon la construction de Merkle-Damgård, les hashs produits avec HMAC ne sont pas vulnérables à l'attaque par extension de longueur.

Explication
Les fonctions de hachage vulnérables à cette attaque prennent un message comme valeur d'entrée et l'utilisent pour transformer leur état interne. Après le traitement du message, le condensé du message (hash) est généré en renvoyant l'état interne de la fonction.  Il est possible de reconstruire l'état interne à partir du hash, qui peut alors être utilisé pour traiter d'autres données.  De cette façon, quelqu'un peut agrandir le message et calculer le hash qui est une signature valide pour le nouveau message.

Exemple
Un serveur qui gère un service de livraison de gaufres proposant plusieurs saveurs à un utilisateur géolocalisé pourrait être implémenté pour gérer des requêtes d'après le format suivant :

 Donnée originale: count=10&lat=37.351&user_id=1&long=-119.827&waffle=eggo
 Signature originale: 6d5f807e23db210bc254a28be2d6759a0f5f5d99

Le serveur prendrait la requête en compte (livrer dix gaufres "eggo" à l'adresse donnée pour l'utilisateur "1") seulement si la signature est valide pour l'utilisateur. La signature utilisée ici est un code d'authentification de message, signé avec une clé inconnue de l'attaquant. (Cet exemple est aussi vulnérable à une attaque par rejeu, en envoyant la même requête et la même signature une nouvelle fois.)

Il est possible pour l'attaquant de modifier la requête, dans cet exemple la gaufre demandée passe de "eggo" à "liege." C'est faisable en abusant de la flexibilité du format du message car un contenu dupliqué dans la requête HTTP prendra seulement en compte la dernière valeur.

 Nouvelle donnée: count=10&lat=37.351&user_id=1&long=-119.827&waffle=eggo&waffle=liege

Afin de signer ce nouveau message, l'attaquant aurait besoin de connaître la clé qui a été utilisée pour signer le message original, et générer une nouvelle signature en générant un nouveau code d'authentification de message.  Mais avec une attaque par extension de longueur, il est possible d'entrer le hash (la signature originale) dans l'état de la fonction de hachage, et reprendre où la requête originale s'était terminée, tant que la longueur de la requête originale est connue.  Dans cette requête, la longueur de la clé d'origine était 14 octets, ce qui aurait pu être trouvé en essayant plusieurs requêtes frauduleuses supposant différentes longueurs de clé, et constater quelle longueur constitue une requête que le serveur accepte comme étant valide.

Le message donné à la fonction de hachage est souvent remplis, car de nombreux algorithmes travaillent avec des données d'entrée dont les longueurs sont des multiples de longueurs prédéfinies.  Le contenu de ce remplissage est toujours spécifié par la fonction de hachage utilisée.  L'attaquant doit inclure tous ces bits de remplissage dans ses messages frauduleux avant de les aligner avec l'état interne de la fonction de hachage du message original.  Ainsi, l'attaquant construit un message différent en suivant les règles de remplissage:

 Nouvelle donnée: count=10&lat=37.351&user_id=1&long=-119.827&waffle=eggo\x80\x00\x00
           \x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00
           \x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00
           \x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00
           \x00\x00\x00\x02\x28&waffle=liege

Ce message inclut le remplissage qui a été ajouté au message original dans la fonction de hachage avant la donnée frauduleuse (ici, un 0x80 suivi par des 0x00s et la longueur du message, 0x228 = 552 = (14+55)*8, qui est la longueur de la clé plus la longueur du message original).  L'attaquant sait que l'état correspondant au hash de la paire clé/message pour le message original est identique à celui du nouveau message jusqu'au dernier "&".  L'attaquant connaît le hash à ce moment-là, c'est-à-dire l'état interne de la fonction de hachage.  Il est alors trivial de lancer l'algorithme de hachage, ajouter les derniers caractères, et générer un nouveau hash pour signer son nouveau message sans la clé originale.

 Nouvelle signature: 0e41270260895979317fff3898ab85668953aaa2

En combinant la nouvelle signature et la nouvelle donnée dans une nouvelle requête, le serveur va considérer la requête frauduleuse comme une requête valide car sa signature est la même que si elle avait été générée avec le mot de passe de l'utilisateur.

Références

Attaque cryptanalytique

Attaque par extension de longueur


مسيبسن، أو ماسيبسا أو مكيبسا أو ملك نوميديا، توفي سنة 118ق.م، وهو عم الملك يوغرطة، وابن الملك ماسينيسا دامت مدة حكمه ما يقارب الثلاثين سنة.

حياته
توفي سنة 118 ق.م، وقد تابع خلال السنوات الثلاثين التي حكم فيها سياسة والده وجمل العاصمة سيرتا وشجع الآداب والفنون وصك نقودا نقش عليها صورة أبيه ونظم دخل الخزينة من الضرائب وشجع انتشار الثقافات في جميع أرجاء مملكته التي امتدت من بلاد تونس الجنوبية حتى نهر ملوية بالمغرب.

ازدهرت في عهده مدن كثيرة مثل فاغا ، باجا ، بولاريجينا (سوق الأربعاء) ازدهارا واسعا خاصة في التجارة والصناعة، وأنشئت خلالها المدارس في المدن وتابع الطلاب المتفوقون دراساتهم في مدارس سيرتا العالية.

ربط علاقات ودية متينة من روما، إلى حد يمكن تفسير بعض إجراءته بالتبعية لها، لذا فإن الرومان اسكنوا جاليات رومانية بمملكة نوميديا ورغم مساندته لهم في عدة أمور مثل حملاتهم التوسعية في إسبانيا، بإرسال جيش بقيادة يوغرطة سنة 134 ق.م للمساهمة في حرب نومنصة بإسبانيا، كما منح تسهيلات تجارية كبيرة للرومان، الشئ الذي استغله هؤلاء لتنمية مصالحهم الاقتصادية بمملكة نوميديا وغرس جالية رومانية ستكون ورقة سياسية خطيرة بيد روما، فقد دبروا لأنفسهم أمر خلافته بتقسيم المملكة بين ولديه وابن أخيه مستنبعل لإضعاف قوة نوميديا مرة أخرى رغبة في خلق خصومات بينهم تعطي الرومان حق التحكيم والتدخل.

وفاته
وفي سنة 118 ق.م توفي الملك ميسيبسا مخلفاً ولدين عزربعل وحفصبعل وابن أخيه يوڭارثن الذي تبناه.

انظر أيضا

 عائلة إيلاس

 نوميديا
 عرابيون
 الخيالة النوميد
 الجيش النوميدي
 العملة النوميدية
 الكاهنة ديهيا
 معتقدات الأمازيغ

مراجع

أشخاص من قسنطينة
الجزائر القديمة
تونس القديمة
حكام القرن 2 ق م في إفريقيا
علاقات روما القديمة الخارجية
ملوك نوميديا
وفيات 118 ق م

ميسيبسا


Parvis de Saint-Gilles /  Sint-Gillisvoorplein este o stație a premetroului din Bruxelles situată în comuna Saint-Gilles din Regiunea Capitalei Bruxelles. Ea se află sub Piața Saint-Gilles, aproape de Șoseaua Waterloo.

Istoric
Stația Parvis de Saint-Gilles a fost deschisă pe 3 decembrie 1993 și face parte din axa de premetrou Nord-Sud (anterior numită Linia 3) a Metroului din Bruxelles. Prin stație circulă tramvaiele liniilor ,  și . Deasupra ei se găsește o stație de suprafață deservită de autobuzele liniei .

Caracteristici
Stația are două linii și două peroane, dispuse de o parte și de alta a liniilor.

Pereții din zona peroanelor sunt acoperiți cu careuri de culoare albastră pe care este scris integral textul Declarației Universale a Drepturilor Omului, în franceză și neerlandeză. Această lucrare în ceramică a artistei Françoise Schein este intitulată "Dyade".

Stația este accesibilă persoanelor cu dizabilități.

Linii de tramvai ale STIB în premetrou
  Esplanade - Churchill
  Gare du Nord / Noordstation - Parking Stalle
  Van Haelen - Stade / Stadion

Legături

Linii de autobuz ale STIB
  Grand Place / Grote Markt - Decroly

Linii de autobuz STIB Noctis
  Parking Stalle - Gara Centrală

Locuri importante în proximitatea stației
Biserica Saint-Gilles de Bruxelles

Note

Vezi și
Premetroul din Bruxelles

Legături externe
Stația Parvis de Saint-Gilles pe pagina oficială a MIVB-STIB

Galerie de imagini

Stații de premetrou din Bruxelles

Parvis de Saint-Gilles (stație de premetrou din Bruxelles)


Nephroselmidaceae, porodica sa 28 vrsta zelenih algi koja čini samostalan red (Nephroselmidales) i razred (Nephroselmidophyceae). Ime je dobila po rodu Nephroselmis.

Rodovi
 Anticomonas Skvortzov   1
 Argillamonas Skvortzov  1
 Fluitomonas Skvortzov   6
 Hiemalomonas Skvortzov  2
 Myochloris J.H.Belcher & Swale   2
 Nephroselmis Stein   12
 Prototractomonas B. V. Skvortzov  2
 Pseudopedinomonas Skvortzov   1
 Sinamonas Skvortzov   1

Izvori

Prasinophytina

Nephroselmidaceae


توماس زاهورسكي ، من مواليد 22 نوفمبر 1984 في أولسزيتن في بولندا، لاعب كرة قدم بولندي.

يلعب مع نادي غورنيك زابرزي منذ عام 2007.

بدأ باللعب مع منتخب بولندا لكرة القدم في عام 2007.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية بولنديون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية بولنديون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في الولايات المتحدة
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من محافظة فارميا-مازوريا
لاعبو الدوري الألماني
لاعبو الدوري الأمريكي الشمالي لكرة القدم
لاعبو الدوري البولندي الممتاز
لاعبو إم إس فاو دويسبورغ
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2008
لاعبو بطولة دوري كرة القدم المتحدة
لاعبو غورنيك زابجه
لاعبو غورنيك وانشنا
لاعبو كرة قدم بولنديون
لاعبو كرة قدم بولنديون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في الولايات المتحدة
لاعبو منتخب بولندا لكرة القدم
لاعبو ياغيلونيا بياويستوك
مواليد 1984
لاعبو دايسكوبوليا غرودجيسك ويلكوبولسكي
لاعبو شارلوت إندبنتنس
لاعبو سان أنتونيو سكوربيونز
لاعبو كرة قدم من محافظة فارميا-مازوريا

توماس زاهورسكي


فؤاد نصار  (28 ديسمبر 1914 - 30 سبتمبر 1976)،أحد المؤسسين الأوائل في الحركة الشيوعية الفلسطينية والأردنية والعربية، وقائد ماركسي لينيني ثوري وهو الأمين العام الأول للحزب الشيوعي الأردني، ولد في بلودان غرب دمشق لأسرة فلسطينية.

كفاحه في ثورة 1936 الفلسطينية
عمل على إنشاء مجموعات «أنصار» المسلحة عام 1936 وهي مجموعات ماركسية لينينية مسلحة تقاتل الاستعمار الأنجليزي لفلسطين. أُعتقل وحين أفرج عنه فرضت عليه سلطات الانتداب الإقامة الجبرية في الناصرة. ولكنه هرب والتحق بالثوار. ثم استدعته القيادة العامة للثورة إلى لبنان في نهاية 1938. وعاد في مطلع 1939 إلى فلسطين قائداً للثورة المسلحة في منطقة القدس والخليل خلفا لعبد القادر الحسيني الذي جرح في إحدى المعارك. وظل فؤاد نصار في موقعه هذا حتى انتهاء الثورة المسلحة أواخر 1939. وقد خاض أثناء ذلك معارك مع القوات البريطانية بينها معارك كسلا وعرتوف وأم الروس ومار الياس.

فترة الأربعينات وما تلاها
انتخب امين عام «مؤتمر العمال العرب» في فلسطين عام 1945، أنشأ مع الخلايا الماركسية الأردنية وشخصيات شيوعية مثل يعقوب زيادين الحزب الشيوعي الأردني وذلك باندماج الماركسيين بشرق الأردن مع عصبة التحرر الوطني في فلسطين عام 1951.

أنتُخب نصار أمينا عام للحزب. إلا أنه أعتقل في نهاية العام، وحكم عليه بعشر سنوات يقضيها في سجن الجفر. عمل على إنشاء قوات الأنصار عام 1970 ،الجناح العسكري للحزب الشيوعي؛ واختير عضوا في المجلس الوطني الفلسطيني عام 1971.
مُنح عام 1974 وسام الصداقة بين الشعوب ووسام ديمتروف.
يعتبر فؤاد نصار قائداً ورمزاً للشيوعيين الأردنيين والفلسطينيين تجد صورته في مقرات التنظيمات المنبثة من الحركة الشيوعية واليسارية الأردنية والفلسطينية مثل الحزب الشيوعي الفلسطيني والأردني وحركة اليسار الاجتماعي الأردني وحزب الشعب الفلسطيني.

انظر أيضًا
 إميل حبيبي
 سامي الغضبان

مراجع

أشخاص من الناصرة
أعضاء المجلس الوطني الفلسطيني
أعضاء منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية
سجناء ومعتقلون في العراق
حائزو وسام الصداقة بين الشعوب
سياسيو الحزب الشيوعي الأردني
سياسيو الحزب الشيوعي الفلسطيني
سياسيو عصبة التحرر الوطني في فلسطين
سياسيون فلسطينيون
شيوعيون
فلسطينيون سجناء في الخارج
قادة ثوار في الثورة الفلسطينية الكبرى 1936–39
ماركسيون وشيوعيون عرب
مواليد 1333 هـ
مواليد 1914
ناشطون فلسطينيون
وفيات 1396 هـ
وفيات 1976

فؤاد نصار


නාසි ජර්මනිය සහ සෝවියට් සංගමය විසින්,  දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධය (1939–1945) අතරතුර, පෝලන්ත අධිවාසය  ඇරඹුනේ,  1939 සැප්තැම්බරයෙහිදී පෝලන්තය ආක්‍රමණය කිරීම වෙතින් වූ අතර, 1945 මැයි මාසයේදී මිත්‍ර හමුදා විසින් නාසිවාදය පරාජය කිරීම හා සමගම විධිමත් ලෙසින් නිමාවට පත්විය. විදේශ අධිවාසයෙහි සමස්ත කාල සීමාව තුලදීම, නාසි ජර්මනිය සහ සෝවියට් සංගමය (එසෝසස) අතර, පෝලන්ත බලප්‍රදේශය බෙදා වෙන් කොට තිබුණි. සෝවියට්වරුන් විසින් ඈඳා ගත් භූමි ප්‍රදේශයන්, 1941 වසරෙහි  ගිම්හාන-වසන්ත කාලය තුලදී, නාසි ජර්මනිය විසින්  අල්ලා ගන්නා ලද්දේ, මුලදී සාර්ථක බවක් පෙන්වූ එසෝසස වෙත ජර්මානු ප්‍රහාරය අතරතුරදීය. වසර කිහිපයක් සටනෙහි යෙදීමත් හා සමගම, පෝලන්තය හරහා  එසෝසස වෙතින් ඉවතට සහ නැගෙනහිර සහ මධ්‍යම යුරෝපයෙහි ඉතිරියෙන් ඉවතට නාසි හමුදා ආක්‍රමණිකයන් පලවා හැරීමට රතු හමුදාව සමත් විය.

පෝලන්ත අධිවාසය (1939–45)


Rutenia (în ) este un exonim, folosit inițial în latina medievală ca una dintre numeroasele denumiri pentru regiunile est-slavice, și cel mai frecvent ca desemnare pentru pământurile Rusiei Kievene (în slavonă Рѹ́сь / Rus' și Рѹ́сьскаѧ землѧ / Rus'kaia zemlia). În perioada modernă timpurie, termenul a dobândit, mai multe semnificații specifice.

Începând cu secolul al XIII-lea, în istoriografia occidentală, termenul începe să desemneze în special teritoriile slavice din sud-estul Rusiei Kievene, precum și a unor terenuri a Moscovei din nord-est. În cele din urmă, această distincție în Occident a fost fixată în timpul Marelui Ducat al Lituaniei și a Uniunii polono-lituaniene și continuă până astăzi.

Note

Rutenia
Uniunea polono-lituaniană
Regiuni istorice ale Ucrainei

Rutenia


is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of  173,740 in 78,483 households and a population density of 1700 people per km2. The total area of the city is .

Geography
Sakura is located in northeastern Chiba Prefecture on the Shimōsa Plateau. It is situated approximately 40 kilometers northeast of Tokyo and 15 kilometers from Narita International Airport. Chiba City, the prefectural capital, lies 15 kilometers southwest of Sakura. Lake Inba forms the northern city limits.

Neighboring municipalities
Chiba Prefecture
Hanamigawa-ku, Chiba
Wakaba-ku, Chiba
Yotsukaidō
Yachiyo
Inzai
Yachimata
Shisui

Climate
Sakura has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Sakura is . The average annual rainfall is  with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around .

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Sakura increased rapidly in the late 20th century and has plateaued in the 21st.

History
The area around Sakura has been inhabited since prehistory, and archaeologists have found numerous Kofun period burial tumuli in the area, along with the remains of a Hakuho period Buddhist temple. During the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, the area was controlled by the Chiba clan. During the Sengoku period, the Chiba clan fought the Satomi clan to the south, and the Later Hōjō clan to the west. After the defeat of the Chiba clan, the area came within the control of Tokugawa Ieyasu, who assigned one of his chief generals, Doi Toshikatsu to rebuild Chiba Castle and to rule over Sakura Domain as a daimyō. Doi rebuilt the area as a jōkamachi, or castle town, which became the largest castle town in the Bōsō region. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, Sakura Domain came to be ruled for most of the Edo period under the Hotta clan. In the Bakumatsu period the domain became a center for rangaku studies, centered on the Juntendō school of the doctor Taizen Satō (1804 – 1872). The Juntendō and other educational institutions in Sakura contributed greatly to the Meiji Restoration. After the abolition of Sakura Domain, the area eventually became part of Chiba Prefecture.

Sakura Town was one of several towns and villages created on April 1, 1889 under Inba District with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. On March 31, 1954, Sakura achieved city status through merger of the neighboring municipalities of Usui, Wada, Nego, Yadomi, and Shizu.

Government
Sakura has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 28 members. Sakura contributes three members to the Chiba Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Chiba 9th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
Sakura is a regional commercial center and, due to its numerous train connections, a bedroom community for nearby Chiba and Tokyo, with more than 24% of the population commuting, per the 2010 census.

Education
Keiai University branch campus
Chiba Keiai Junior College
Wayo Women's University branch campus
 Sakura has 23 public elementary schools and 11 public middle schools operated by the city government, and four public high schools operated by the Chiba Prefectural Board of Education.

Transportation

Railway
 JR East – Narita Line, Sōbu Main Line

 Keisei Electric Railway  -  Keisei Main Line
  -  -  -  -
 Yamaman - Yamaman Yūkarigaoka Line
  -  -  - -  -

Highway

Local attractions

Sakura boasts a number of tourist attractions, including the large National Museum of Japanese History located on the ruins of Sakura Castle. Several samurai houses near the old castle are open to the public and are protected as Important Cultural Properties. Other sights of interest include the Moto Sakura Castle (one of the Continued Top 100 Japanese Castles.), Tsukamoto Sword Museum, Sakura Museum of History and Folklore, Sakura City Museum of Art, and the Sakura Juntendo Memorial Building. Nearby is also the Kawamura Memorial Museum of Art.

In 1994 on the 40th anniversary of the city's foundation a Dutch windmill called De Liefde was erected by the Dutch millwright company "Verbij Hoogmade BV" on the south-eastern shore of Lake Inba as a landmark of Sakura Furusato Square. The mill serving as a polder mill is named after the first Dutch sailing ship which landed on the Japanese shore in 1600. It is the only windmill of this type in Japan (a so-called "ground-sailer", which means a windmill whose sails reach almost down to the ground.

Noted people from Sakura
Hayashi Tadasu, Meiji period statesman
Tsuda Sen, Meiji period statesman
Nagashima Shigeo, Professional baseball player
BUMP OF CHICKEN, Japanese alternative rock group
Yoshimi Osawa, Japanese judoka and one of only three living Kodokan 10th dan
Ben-K, Japanese professional wrestler (Real Name:
Daisuke Fukushima, Japanese Olympic show jumping rider
Shinnosuke Nakatani, Japanese footballer, playing as a defender for Nagoya Grampus in J1 League
Katsuya Nagato, Japanese footballer who plays as a defender for Kashima Antlers in the J1 League
Sakiko Odaka, Japanese women's professional shogi player ranked 1-kyū
Shinnosuke Shigenobu, Japanese professional baseball outfielder for the Yomiuri Giants in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball
Asai Chū, Japanese painter, noted for his pioneering work in developing the yōga (Western-style) art movement in late 19th century and early twentieth-century Japanese painting

References

External links

Official Website

Cities in Chiba Prefecture

Sakura, Chiba


(196640) Mulhacén, denumire internațională (196640) Mulhacen, este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
196640 Mulhacén este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Heppenheim de Felix Hormuth. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,80 ua, o excentricitate de 0,05 și o înclinație de 7,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 196001-197000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2003
Centura de asteroizi

196640 Mulhacén


Toga, vrsta odjeće karakteristične za Antički Rim
 Toga (otok), otok u državi Vanuatu
 Toga (okrug), pokrajina Rewa, Fidži
 Toga (rijeka), rijeka na Fidžiju
 Toga (biljni rod), biljni rod iz porodice Araceae Juss.

Toga (razdvojba)


2006 වර්ෂයේ ලාංකීය සිනමාවට එක්වූ අංජලිකා චිත්‍රපටය ප්‍රවීණ සිනමාවේදී චන්න පෙරේරා මහතගේ සිනමා සිත්තමකි. මලිත් පල්ලියගුරුගේ නිශ්පාදනය කළ මෙහි සංගීත අධ්‍යක්ෂණය රෝහණ වීරසිංහ මහතාගෙනි.

අංජලිකා


The WECT Tower was a 2175 ft *663m* -tall mast used as antenna for TV-broadcasting, including broadcasting the analog television signal of WECT channel 6. It was built in 1969 and was situated along NC 53 south of White Lake in Colly Township in Bladen County, North Carolina, United States. Before demolition, WECT Tower was, along with several other masts, the seventh tallest man-made structure ever created; and was not only the tallest structure in North Carolina, but also the tallest in the United States east of the Mississippi River.

On September 8, 2008, WECT ceased regular transmission of their analog signal from the Bladen County tower, relying instead on its newer digital transmitter in Winnabow. Following the switch, the analog signal remained on air until the end of September as a "Nightlight", broadcasting an instructional video explaining installation of converters and UHF antennas, but many who were able to receive WECT's former VHF analog signal would no longer be able to receive the station at all digitally, due to a shift to a UHF channel and a vastly smaller coverage area.

WECT continued to utilize the former analog tower for electronic news-gathering purposes before donating the tower and  site to the Green Beret Foundation in 2011. On September 20, 2012 at 12:47 PM, the tower was demolished with explosives to be scrapped. Proceeds from the sale of the land and the scrap metal of the tower will go to the foundation.

See also
WECT
List of masts
List of tallest structures
List of towers, Table of masts

References

External links

 Skyscraper Page diagrams

Towers completed in 1969
Buildings and structures in Bladen County, North Carolina
Towers in North Carolina
Radio masts and towers in the United States
Demolished buildings and structures in North Carolina
Buildings and structures demolished by controlled implosion
1969 establishments in North Carolina
2012 disestablishments in North Carolina
Buildings and structures demolished in 2012
Former radio masts and towers

WECT tower


Mortimer von Kessel (25 de mayo de 1893 - 8 de enero de 1981) fue un general del ejército alemán que participó en la Segunda Guerra Mundial alcanzando el rango de General de Tropas Panzer (General der Panzertruppe).

Se alistó en la ejército alemán en 1914 y fue comisionado como teniente en el 12.º regimiento de Húsares el 22 de marzo de 1915, siendo condecorado con la Cruz de Hierro de primera y segunda clase en la Primera Guerra Mundial. Continuó su carrera en el Reichswehr donde alcanzó el rango de Teniente Coronel (Oberstleutnant) en 1937.

Dirigió un regimiento de reconocimiento durante la invasión de Polonia de 1939 y fue ascendido a Coronel (Oberst) en octubre del mismo año y encargado de la dirección del Departamento de Personal del Ejército al mes siguiente, cargo en el que permaneció hasta enero de 1943, recibiendo el ascenso a Mayor General (Generalmajor) en 1942. El 8 de mayo de 1943 recibió el comando de la 20.ª División Panzer.

El 1 de diciembre de 1943 fue ascendido a Teniente General (Generalleutnant) y le fue otorgada la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro por la defensa de la región de Vitebsk en el Frente Oriental. Por su desempeño durante la ofensiva soviética en el verano de 1944 fue condecorado con las Hojas de Roble a la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro. En diciembre de 1944 se le otorgó el comando del VII Cuerpo Panzer en Prusia Oriental. El 1 de marzo de 1945 fue ascendido a General der Panzertruppe y continuó en el comando de las unidades panzer hasta su captura.

Distinciones
 Cruz de Hierro (1914)
 2.ª clase (27 de marzo de 1915)
 1.ª clase (25 de septiembre de 1917)
 Cruz de Honor
 Cruz de Hierro (1939)
 2.ª clase (5 de julio de 1943)
 1.ª clase (23 de julio de 1943)
 Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro
 Cruz de Caballero el 28 de diciembre de 1943 como Generalmajor y comandante de la 20.ª División Panzer
 611.ª Hojas de Roble el 16 de octubre de 1944 como Generalleutnant y comandante de la 20.ª División Panzer

Referencias
 Dermot Bradley (Hrsg.): Die Generale des Heeres 1921–1945 Band 6: Hochbaum-Klutmann, Die militärischen Werdegänge der Generale, sowie der Ärzte, Veterninäre, Intendanten, Richter und Ministerialbeamten im Generalsrang, Biblio Verlag, Bissendorf 2002, ISBN 3-7648-2538-3

Enlaces externos
Mortimer von Kessel @ Lexikon der Wehrmacht
Mortimer von Kessel @ Axis Biographical Research

Militares de Alemania del siglo XX
Generales de Tropas Panzer
Condecorados con la Cruz de Caballero de la Cruz de Hierro con hojas de roble
Condecorados con la Cruz de Caballero de la Orden del Halcón Blanco
Condecorados con la primera clase del Broche de la Cruz de Hierro
Personas de la Provincia de Brandeburgo

Mortimer von Kessel


دغرفوش وهي مدينة تقع في غرب السويد في محافظة أوربرو في إقليم فيرملاند بالقرب من مدينة كارلس كوغا ويبلغ عدد سكان مدينة ديغافوش حوالي 7418 نسمة حسب إحصائيات سنة 2005.

أعلام
 بيتر صاموليسون
 إميل بيرغر
 رالف إدستروم
 أولا تويفونين
 تومي صامويلسون
 بيرتل نوردال

مراجع

مدن السويد
مقرات بلديات السويد

دغرفوش


Los Rochester Zeniths fueron una franquicia de baloncesto estadounidense que jugó en la efímera All-American Basketball Alliance y posteriormente en la Continental Basketball Association entre 1978 y 1983. Tenían su sede en Henrietta, un suburbio de Rochester, en el estado de Nueva York.

Historia
El equipo se fundó en 1977 para competir en la All-American Basketball Alliance, una nueva competición que surgió en aquel año. Su primer propietario fue Dick Hill, que poseía una tienda de electrodomésticos, Hill TV, que vendía televisores de la marca Zenith, y de ahí el nombre del equipo. De la liga solamente se disputaron 11 jornadas antes de quebrar, siendo los Zeniths el equipo que acabó con mejor margen de victorias, 10, por una única derrota.

En 1978 se unieron a la Continental Basketball Association, la nueva denominación de la antigua Eastern Professional Basketball League, y en su primera temporada consiguieron el campeonato, tras derrotar en las finales a los Anchorage Northern Knights. Al año siguiente volverían a jugar las finales ante el mismo equipo, cayendo en esa ocasión en el séptimo y definitivo partido. En 1981 repetirían título, ganando en esa ocasión en las finales a los Montana Golden Nuggets.

En 1983, el equipo desaparecería definitivamente.

Temporadas

Jugadores destacados
 Andre McCarter, Novato del Año de la CBA 1978-79 CBA , MVP del All-Star Game 1979 MVP de la CBA 1978-79.
 Glenn Hagan, elegido en el mejor equipo de la historia de la CBA.
 Larry Fogle, co-MVP de los play-offs de la CBA 1978-79.
 Larry Spriggs, Rookie del Año de la CBA 1981-82.
 Larry McNeill, co-MVP de los play-offs de la CBA 1978-79.
 Lee Johnson, MVP de los play-offs de la CBA 1980-81, Rookie del Año de la CBA 1980-81.

Referencias

Equipos de baloncesto de la CBA
Clubes y equipos deportivos del estado de Nueva York

Rochester Zeniths


An Phreatia laxa in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Phreatia laxa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Phreatia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 P. l. laxa
 P. l. perlaxa

Mga kasarigan

Phreatia

Phreatia laxa


Taekwondo under sommer-OL 2020 finder sted 5. - 8. august og bliver afviklet i Makuhari Messe Hall A, der ligger i Tokyo Bay zonen. Der bliver kvalificeret 128 judokæmpere til de i alt 8 individuelle discipliner for både herrer og damer.

Format

I alle discipliner bliver der startet med ottendedelsfinalerne og der bliver kæmpet efter cup modellen. Elimineringskampene fortsætter indtil der er fundet de to brydere, som skal mødes i finalen og så derfor skal kæmpe om guldmedaljen. Alle brydere der, på et eller andet tidspunkt, har mødt en af de to finalister går herefter til opsamlingsrunderne, hvor der igen bliver kæmpet efter elimineringsprincippet. Opsamlingsrunderne er afsluttet når der kun er to brydere tilbage. Disse brydere møder herefter de to tabere af semifinalerne og de to vindere af disse to "opsamlingssemifinaler" bliver tildelt bronzemedaljer.

Medaljefordeling

Medaljetagere

Herrer

Damer

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 https://tokyo2020.org/en/games/sport/olympic/taekwondo/
 http://www.worldtaekwondo.org/

Taekwondo under sommer-OL 2020


Höfuðlús (Pediculus humanus capitis) er sníkjudýr. Höfuðlýs eru vængjalaus skordýr sem eyða öllum sínum lífsferli á höfði manna þar sem þær nærast á mannsblóði sem er þeirra eina fæða. Menn eru einu þekktu hýslar höfuðlúsar en simpansar og bónóbóapar hýsa náskylda tegund, Pediculus schaeffi. Aðrar tegundir lúsar sýkja flestar tegundir spendýra og allar tegundir fugla.

Lýs eru frábrugðnar öðrum blóðætum eins og flóm að því leyti að þær eyða öllu lífi sínu á hýsli. Höfuðlýs geta ekki flogið, og fætur þeirra eru svo stuttir að þær geta ekki stokkið og eiga erfitt með gang á sléttu yfirborði.

Höfuðlús ber ekki með sér sjúkdóma, ólíkt hinni náskyldu fatalús (Pediculus humanus humanus). Höfuðlús og fatalús eru nánast eins í útliti en æxlast ekki sín á milli með því að kjósa að festa egg við höfuðhár frekar en föt. Erfðafræðirannsókniri hafa leitt í ljós að höfuðlýs og fatalýs aðskildust fyrir um 30.000-110.000 árum þegar margir menn tóku að klæðast fötum að verulegu ráði. Mun fjarskyldari fatalús er flatlús (Pthirus pubis) sem sýkir einnig menn. Flatlýs eru nokkuð frábrugðnar höfuðlús og flatalús í útliti en líkjast meir þeim tegundum lísa sem sýkja aðrar tegundir prímata.

Þegar höfuðlúsasmit koma upp er yfirleitt gripið til þeirra ráða að reyna að útrýma þeim, sérstaklega þegar þau verða meðal barna. Þótt höfuðlýs beri ekki sjúkdóma, geta komið upp sýkingar í bitför höfuðlúsa ef klórað er í bitin, en slíkt er þó sjaldgæft. Höfuðlúsasmit gætu gagnast hýslinum með því að efla ónæmiskerfi hans gegn lúsasmitum sem hjálpar honum að verja sig gegn fatalúsum sem geta borið hættulega sjúkdóma.

Tilvísanir

Skordýr
Lýs

Höfuðlús


În biochimie, un cofactor (adesea denumit cofactor enzimatic) este un compus chimic de natură neproteică sau ion metalic de care o anumită enzimă are nevoie pentru a fi activă. Cofactorii enzimatici pot fi considerați compuși ajutători care asistă transformările biochimice. Rata cu care aceste transformări au loc sunt caracterizate prin studii de cinetică enzimatică.

Clasificare
Cofactorii pot fi de mai multe tipuri, de la ioni anorganici până la molecule organice complexe denumite coenzime. Coenzimele sunt majoritar derivate din vitamine și alți nutrienți organici esențiali, în cantități mici. O coenzimă care este legată covalent de enzimă se numește grupă prostetică.  Cosubstratele sunt legate pentru o perioadă scurtă de proteină. Pe de altă parte, grupele prostetice sunt legate permanent de proteină. Ambele tipuri de cofactori au aceeași funcție, anume de a facilita desfășurarea reacției enzimatice. Enzima inactivă, fără cofactor, se numește apoenzimă, în timp ce tot complexul format din enzimă și cofactorul ei se numește holoenzimă.

Vezi și
 Chimie organometalică
 Cinetică enzimatică

Referințe

Enzime

Cofactor


Réserve naturelle et parc de sculptures Humanics () est un point de repère dans la capitale canadienne, Ottawa.

Il s'agit d'un parc paysager privé avec des sculptures représentant des figures de culte, des événements clés ou des concepts abstraits associés à la plupart des religions, mythologies et enseignements éthiques du monde.

Le parc est une organisation à but non lucratif et le coût de sa visite est assez bas.

Histoire
Le parc a été fondé en juillet 2017 par le Dr Ranjit Perera sur un site spécialement acheté dans le canton de Cumberland (la banlieue est d'Ottawa, faisant partie administrativement de la ville) au 3468, Old Montreal Road.

L'inauguration s'est déroulée en présence du premier ministre Justin Trudeau, de la première ministre de l'Ontario Caitlin Wynn, du maire d'Ottawa Jim Watson et d'autres invités d'honneur.

Depuis, le fondateur, avec ses fonds propres et ses dons, n'a cessé d'y installer de nouvelles sculptures thématiques.

Sculptures
Actuellement, il y a les sections suivantes dans le parc :

 Zone A Unité de Réalité
 Zone B Dignité humaine et respect
 Zone C Connectivité
 Zone D Bouddhisme
 Zone E Hindouisme
 Zone F Christianisme
 Zone G Responsabilité Humaine
 Zone H Confucianisme
 Zone I Judaïsme
 Zone J Spiritualité autochtone (les Inuits et autres peuples autochtones au Canada et dans d'autres régions des Amériques)
 Zone K Zoroastrisme
 Zone L Taoïsme et shintoïsme
 Zone M Jaïnisme
 Zone N Sikhisme
 Zone O Bahaïsme
 Zone P Islam

Les zones H et K à P sont encore en développement.

Certaines des sculptures ont été réalisées directement par des sculpteurs autochtones (ou en Afrique) et transportées au Canada.

Le visiteur moyen passe 1 à 1,5 heure dans le parc.

Notes

Liens (modifier)
 Le site officiel

Parc en Ontario
Religion à Ottawa
Parc de sculptures au Canada
Œuvre d'art à Ottawa
Sculpture religieuse

Humanics


Michael Thomas Hall (born 20 September 1952) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Weaver Vale from 1997 to 2010.

Early life
Mike Hall was born in Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, and educated at St Mary's RC Primary School and St Damian's Catholic Secondary Modern School there. He studied at Padgate Training College, Warrington, where he was awarded a Certificate in Education in 1977. He later returned to the college and received a Bachelor of Education degree in 1987. He completed his studies at the University of Wales, Bangor, where he earned a Postgraduate diploma in education in 1989.

He joined Imperial Chemical Industries in Blackley, Manchester, in 1969 as a scientific laboratory assistant, leaving to go to university in 1973. He became a history and physical education teacher in 1977 in Bolton, where he remained until he became a support teacher with the Halton community assessment team from 1985 until his election to Parliament.

He joined the Labour Party in 1977 and was elected as a councillor to the Warrington Borough Council in 1979. He became Warrington's deputy leader in 1984, and leader for seven years from 1985, before standing down in 1993. He was also elected to the Great Sankey Parish Council for four years from 1979. He served for four years on the Birchwood and Croft Parish Council from 1983.

Parliamentary career
Hall was elected to the House of Commons for Warrington South at the 1992 general election, defeating the sitting Conservative MP Chris Butler by just 191 votes. He made his maiden speech on 6 May 1992. Following boundary changes, at the 1997 general election, he moved from Warrington South to the newly created, nearby constituency of Weaver Vale, which covers Northwich, Frodsham and parts of Runcorn. He won this seat with a safe 13,448 majority, and continued to hold the seat comfortably, albeit with reduced majorities at each subsequent election.

In Parliament he served as a member of the Public Accounts Committee (1992–1997), and became the Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to the Leader of the House of Commons Ann Taylor following the 1997 General Election. He became a member of the Labour government, under Prime Minister Tony Blair, in 1998, when he was appointed as an Assistant Government Whip. He was sacked following the 2001 General Election. From 2001 to 2005 he served as PPS to the Secretary of State for Health, initially under Alan Milburn and, from 2003, his successor, John Reid. He has been a member of the Culture, Media and Sport select committee since the 2005 General Election. From October 2008 onwards he was the PPS to Jack Straw, the Justice Secretary.

In May 2009, it was reported by The Daily Telegraph that he claimed expenses in excess of £15,000 over three years for cleaning products.

On 2 February 2010, Hall announced that he was standing down at the next general election for health reasons.

Personal life
He married Lesley Evelyn Gosling on 2 August 1975 in Ashton-under-Lyne and they have a son, Thomas.

In 2022, his daughter-in-law Sarah Hall was selected Labours prospective parliamentary candidate in Warrington South for the next general election.

References

External links
 Official Website
 Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle: Mike Hall MP
 TheyWorkForYou.com – Mike Hall MP
 BBC Politics Profile

1952 births
Living people
Alumni of Bangor University
Alumni of the University of Chester
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
People from Ashton-under-Lyne
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010

Mike Hall (British politician)


Kansereah est une ville et une sous-préfecture de Guinée, rattachée à la préfecture de Kouroussa et la région de Kankan.

Situation géographique
Kansereyah est situé à  de Kouroussa centre qui compte sept districts et quatorze secteurs

Histoire
Le village est fondé par le patriarche Fran Kanséré Condé et directement rattaché à Dafölö, capitale historique du royaume de doo.

Kansareah était le chef-lieu du canton de Sankaran composer de 162 villages entre 1945 à 1956 dirigés par Diamanaty (chef de district) Bolokada Sory Condé.

Population
En 2021, le nombre d'habitants est estimé à 11305, à partir d'une extrapolation officielle du recensement de 2014.

Historique

Notes et références

Ville en Guinée
Sous-préfecture en Guinée

Kansereah


محمد عفيفي (25 فبراير 1922 - 5 ديسمبر 1981) هو كاتب مصري ساخر، ولد في قرية الزوامل بمحافظة الشرقية بمصر، وحصل على ليسانس الحقوق عام 1943، ودبلوم الصحافة عام 1945 وتزوج في نفس يوم عيد ميلاده عام 1950 من السيدة اعتدال الصافى وأنجب ثلاثة أبناء.

من أشهر أعماله
 تائه في لندن
 أنوار (مجموعة قصصية)
 التفاحة والجمجمة (كتاب) (رواية)
 بنت اسمها مرمر (قصة)
 فانتازيا فرعونية (رحلات)
 شلة الحرافيش (قصة)
 سكة سفر (رحلات)
 ابتسم من فضلك (سلسلة مقالات)
 ابتسم للدنيا
 ضحكات عابسة
 ضحكات صارخة (كتاب)
 للكبار فقط
 ترانيم في ظل تمارا

اقتباسات من كتبه
 «إذا مات رجل من شدة الجوع فهذا لا يرجع إلى شئ سوى أن رجلاً آخر قد مات في نفس اللحظة من فرط الشبع... !» من كتاب للكبار فقط
 «يسألونك عن الفلاح، قل هو ذلك الذي يشقى لترتاح أنت ويجوع أحيانًا لتشبع ويتعرى لتلبس ويصحو من النجمة لكي تنام أنت إلى الظهيرة ثم تصحو وتشرع - متثائبًا في البحث عن تعريف للفلاح» من كتاب للكبار فقط

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 صفحة الكاتب على موقع أبجد
 صفحة اقتباسات الكاتب على موقع أبجد

أشخاص من محافظة الشرقية
كتاب ساخرون
كتاب وكاتبات مصريون
مواليد 1340 هـ
مواليد 1922
وفيات 1402 هـ
وفيات 1981

محمد عفيفي


Jean-Antoine Roucher (February 22, 1745 - July 25, 1794), was a French poet.

Roucher was born in Montpellier, the son of a tailor.  His epithalamium on Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette won him the favour of Turgot, and a salt-tax collectorship. His poem, entitled Les Mois, appeared in 1779, was praised in manuscript, but critically lambasted until the 19th century.  The malicious wit of Antoine de Rivarol's mot on the critical failure of the poem, "Cest le plus beau naufrage du siècle," reflects the fact that one of the most elaborate passages describes a shipwreck.

Roucher was a disciple of Voltaire, and a friend of the French Revolution, but he remained moderate in his opinions. He presided over an anti-Jacobin club, and denounced the tyranny of the popular demagogues in supplements published with the Journal de Paris in 1792. He was arrested on October 4, 1793, and, accused of being the leader of a conspiracy among the prisoners at Saint-Lazare. He was sent to the guillotine on the same tumbril as his friend André Chénier, on July 25, 1794.

In 1790, Roucher had translated Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations. His letters from prison were edited by his son-in-law under the title of Consolations de ma captivité (1797), and his death was made the subject of an 1834 tragedy by his playwright brother Claude Roucher-Deratte, a voluminous writer.

Honours
In 1847, botanist Planch. named a genus of flowering plants from Nicaragua to southern Tropical America, in the family Linaceae) Roucheria in his honour.
Then in 1921, botanist Hallier f., named a genus of flowering plants from Cambodia, Vietnam and Borneo, (also in the family Linaceae) Indorouchera in his honour, with the 'Indo' prefix.

References

1745 births
1794 deaths
Writers from Montpellier
18th-century French poets
Burials at Picpus Cemetery
French male poets
18th-century French male writers

Jean-Antoine Roucher


Ballehage er en cirka 1 km lang strand lidt syd for Tangkrogen i Aarhus. Stranden består overvejende af sand og er 10-20 m bred og ligger under en skrænt, hvor Marselisborgskovene med Dyrehaven ligger.

Stranden har et søbadeanstalt, og der dyrkes badning både om sommeren og om vinteren her, hvor to vinterbadeforeninger holder til: Vinterbadeklubben Ballehage, der har rødder tilbage til 1929, og Vikingeforeningen Morgenbaderne fra 1994 Stedet er uofficielt kendt som nøgenbadestrand.

I området mellem Tangkrogen og Ballehage blev der hvert andet år mellem 2009 og 2015 afholdt Sculpture by the Sea, der var et stort tilløbsstykke.

Referencer

Strande i Danmark
Naturområder i Aarhus

Ballehage


Thomas Richard Holtz Jr. (13 de setembro de 1965) é um paleontólogo de vertebrados americano, autor e professor principal do Departamento de Geologia da Universidade de Maryland. Ele publicou extensivamente sobre a filogenia, morfologia, ecomorfologia e locomoção de predadores terrestres, especialmente em tiranossaurídeos e outros dinossauros terópodes. Ele escreveu o livro Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages e é o autor ou co-autor dos capítulos "Saurischia", "Basal Tetanurae", e "Tyrannosauroidea". Foi o consultor científico para reconstituição de dinossauros no documentário da BBC Caminhando com Dinossauros (1999) e do filme Jurassic Park III.

Biografia
Holtz nasceu na Califórnia. Ele afirmou que queria ser um dinossauro quando criança, mas ao saber que é impossível se transformar em um dinossauro, ele mudou seus objetivos para estudá-los. Ele freqüentou a Universidade Johns Hopkins, onde conheceu sua futura esposa. Ele então estudou em Yale, onde conheceu John Ostrom, que serviu como seu orientador acadêmico.

Teorias
Holtz apresentou várias novas teorias e hipóteses sobre a classificação dos dinossauros. Por exemplo, ele cunhou os termos Maniraptoriformes e Arctometatarsus. Ele também propôs dois sistemas de classificação para terópodes. O primeiro é o clado Arctometatarsalia, formado por tiranossauróides, ornitomimossauros e troodontídeos, porque todos esses celurossauros tinham ossos metatarsais médios pinçados em seus pés. Neste sistema de classificação proposto, os tiranossauros eram supostamente basais a um clado conhecido como Bullatosauria, que era formado pelos Troodontidae e Ornithomimosauria. Esses dois grupos pretendiam formar um clado, porque ambos compartilhavam uma característica comum; que era uma cápsula craniana. No entanto, mais tarde, ambos os sistemas de classificação foram encontrados parafiléticos, ou "artificial", clados. Por exemplo, os troodontídeos agora são conhecidos como deinonicossauros, ou "raptores", intimamente relacionados aos dromaeossaurídeos e pássaros. A descoberta de tiranossauroides basais, como Guanlong, que não possuía um arctometatarso, também ajudou a refutar essa teoria.

Holtz também foi uma figura chave na descoberta de que os tiranossauros não eram carnossauros, como se acreditava anteriormente pela maioria dos paleontólogos, mas sim grandes celurossauros. Um dos primeiros cientistas a teorizar isso, Holtz contribuiu muito para o desmascaramento de um Carnosauria monofilético que continha Megalosauroidea, Allosauroidea e Tyrannosauroidea. No entanto, o colega paleontólogo de vertebrados Oliver Rauhut é conhecido por recuperar um Carnosauria monofilético que contém Megalosauroidea e Allosauroidea em muitas de suas publicações, embora, como a maioria dos pesquisadores, ele concorde que os tiranossauróides são provavelmente celurossauros, com base nas conclusões feitas por Holtz.

Bibliografia

Paleontólogos
Paleontólogos dos Estados Unidos
Nascidos em 1965

Thomas R. Holtz Jr.


Francisco António Torrejoncillo Lemos (* 4. Oktober 1939 in Lissabon) ist ein portugiesischer Badmintonspieler.

Karriere
Francisco Lemos startete seine sportliche Laufbahn als Leichtathlet, bevor er zum Badminton wechselte und dort seine größten Erfolge feiern konnte. So gewann er 1967 die Portugal International im Herrendoppel und 1975 die nationalen Titelkämpfe in der gleichen Disziplinen. Silber konnte er unter anderem bei den Portugal International 1967 und den portugiesischen Meisterschaften 1968, 1970 und 1975 erkämpfen.

Sportliche Erfolge

Weblinks
http://www.forumscp.com/wiki/index.php?title=Francisco_Lemos

Badmintonspieler (Portugal)
Portugiesischer Meister (Badminton)
Portugiese
Geboren 1939
Mann

Francisco Lemos