Thanatology is the scientific study of death and the losses brought about as a result. It investigates the mechanisms and forensic aspects of death, such as bodily changes that accompany death and the postmortem period, as well as wider psychological and social aspects related to death. It is primarily an interdisciplinary study offered as a course of study at numerous colleges and universities.

The word is derived from the Greek language. In Greek mythology, Thanatos (: "death") is the personification of death. The English suffix -ology derives from the Greek suffix -logia (: "speaking").

History
Russian scientist Élie Metchnikoff was famous for his work in microbiology and the discovery of phagocytosis. "Phagocytosis is the process by which a celloften a phagocyte or protistengulfs a solid particle to form an internal compartment known as a phagosome."  In 1903, he established a scientific discipline devoted to the study of death. He argued that those who were dying had few or no resources for the experience of dying and that an academic study would help those facing death to have a better understanding of the phenomenon and reduce their fear of it.

Metchnikoff based his ideas for an interdisciplinary study on the fact that while medical students had their obligatory encounters with cadavers through anatomical studies, there was almost no instruction on how to care for the dying, nor was there any research into death included in the curriculum. Because few scholars and educators agreed with Metchnikoff, the support he needed for the realization of his suggestion did not materialize for decades.

Metchnikoff chose to focus on two new areas of study, gerontology and thanatology. Contrary to gerontology, it took about 47 years for most people to accept thanatology as a science. Therefore, the science of thanatology is fairly new for the most part. The altered viewpoints people developed when it came to viewing and coping with death was one reason that thanatology became more accepted across societies.

Thanatology arose with the 'Death with Dignity' movement of the early 1970s as an interdisciplinary category for the study of death. The Death with Dignity movement advocates for patients with a terminal illness to have a choice within a medical and legal framework to intentionally end their life.

Following World War II, the world was haunted with the memories of the many casualties.  During this period of reflection many existential philosophers began considering life-and-death issues.  One in particular was Herman Feifel, an American psychologist who is considered the pioneer of the modern death movement.  Feifel broke the taboo on discussions of death and dying with the publication of his book The Meaning of Death.  In this book, Feifel dispelled myths held by scientists and practitioners about death and the denial of its importance for human behavior.  It earned wide attention and became a classic in the new field, including as it did contributions from eminent thinkers such as psychiatrist Carl Jung, theologian Paul Tillich and philosopher Herbert Marcuse. Through The Meaning of Death, Feifel was able to lay the foundation for a field that would eventually be known as Thanatology.  The field was to improve death education and grief counselling by the use of valid death-related data, methodology and theory.

However, this is only one of several important books in the field of thanatology. Other key texts include The Experience of Death by Paul-Louis Landsberg, the sections on temporality and death from Martin Heidegger's Being and Time, as well as works of a fictional nature, such as Leo Tolstoy's The Death of Ivan Ilyich and As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner.

Goals
In most cases, thanatology is not specifically related to palliative care and end-of-life care, which aim to provide treatment for dying individuals and their families.  According to the World Health Organization, "palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, involving the 'treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual.'"

Thanatology does not always directly explore the meaning of life and of death, though such questions are relevant to the psychological health of those involved in the dying process: individuals, families, communities, and cultures.

As a consequence of thanatology becoming so prominent, there has been an increase in university education surrounding death, including courses and degree programs in thanatology. A continuing goal of this science is to improve the communication between practice and research since that is something that has been lacking. Thanatology has come a long way and will keep evolving to better our understanding of death. Highly regarded certification programs are also available.

Forensic science
Forensic science deals with, among many other things, sudden and unexpected deaths. According to one author: "Forensic medicine is the application of medical knowledge for the scientific investigation of facts and causal relationships, as well as the analysis and interpretation thereof in the service of the law in its broadest sense; moreover, it addresses all legal aspects of the practice of medicine during teaching, medical training, and specialist training." The process of postmortem autopsy, which originated and is well established in modern Europe has not been adopted universally, however. A large portion of a forensic physician's duty is to assist in inquiries into sudden and suspicious deaths and to examine individuals in connections with allegations of sexual offenses. They also provide expert evidence in court but the notion that they represent individuals in court proceedings reveals a misconception of their role. Legal representation is invariably the province of legally qualified advocates and in many jurisdictions, the right of audience as an advocate is confined by law to those so qualified.

Physicians' rules for forensic science: Any natural scientist who wishes to practice forensic science must obviously acquire forensic knowledge. Not all forensic scientists, however, are medically qualified and nor do medical practitioners have a monopoly in forensic science.

There are a handful of forensic doctors who work closely with prisoners to provide them with clinical assessments. They also put together care plans moving forward with these prisoners. These plans can include prescribing and obtaining medicine and monitoring them from a physical and mental health perspective.

Coping with death

Research and studies
Multiple scholarly journals dedicated specifically to thanatology regularly publish peer-reviewed studies and essays of interest in the field. These include Death Studies, Mortality, Omega:Journal of Death & Dying, Journal of Loss & Trauma, and Illness, Crisis, & Loss. Though Elisabeth Kübler-Ross described five stages of grief with terminal illness (denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance), some thanatologists disagree about the actual existence of such stages. Some reject the notion as simplistic and empirically unsupported.

Studies show that if one's self-esteem is already  low, the death of one's partner may well result in greater social and emotional loneliness (concepts defined specifically by the researchers). Aggravated social and emotional  loneliness, as thus defined, may result in a feeling of having  received less support. However, since an imperfect grasp of these findings may lead to a garbled attempt to describe them, it is desirable to read them fully in their original sources so as to master them as thoroughly as one assimilates Kübler-Ross' theories of responses to loss.

Mortality awareness may be thought essential to our overall well-being as we confront the aging of world societies, global health disparities, emerging biomedical technologies, and shifting understandings of good deaths and lives worth living. However, we must be clear about what we mean by 'mortality awareness'. It is often said, and with some justification, that one phenomenon that distinguishes humans from other evolved beings is our acute awareness of our own mortality. If we mean no more than that we must know we must die in order to flourish, the assertion is facile since most humans are conscious of their mortality but we do not all rise equally well to existential or wider social challenges.

Hospice care

One way to cope with death is to utilize hospice care facilities. Hospice care of dying people is usually palliative rather than curative, and it may ease the suffering of the dying and those who care about them. The services provided in a hospice include: managing the dying individual's pain and symptoms; providing needed drugs, medical supplies and equipment; assisting the individual with emotional, psychological and spiritual aspects of dying; rendering services such as speech and physiotherapy where needed; and coaching family and friends on how to care for the individual.

A common myth about hospice care is that someone must be in their last few days of life, be bedridden or be unable to communicate with others to receive hospice help. However, that is simply not the case. Hospice care is appropriate for those who have been given a prognosis that they are likely to die within around 12 months or less. A decision to use hospice care means the dying individual will ideally spend more quality time with the people they love and have time to look back on life during this peaceful, meaningful period.

Another common myth is that hospice care means giving up hope. Hospice involves coping with death and part of that means acknowledging that some diseases, illnesses and states of being in their advanced stages cannot be cured. The idea of hope varies from person to person and, in hospice care, patients and their loved ones will often seek any form of hope that they can.

However, in places where there is little or no publicly funded provision, various private insurance plans such as Medicare, Medicaid, and HMO will take care of the costs of hospice care, reducing direct expense for the individual's family.

Popular media

Death and dying was the subject of the 2018 Academy Award-nominated Netflix short documentary, End Game about terminally ill patients in palliative care at a San Francisco hospital and subsequent Hospice care. It featured palliative care physician, BJ Miller and was executive produced by palliative care activist  Dr. Shoshana R. Ungerleider.

An episode of Quincy, M.E. titled "Gentle into That Good Night" (season 07 episode 07) featured a Thanatologist by the name of Dr. Pendelton. During the episode Dr. Quincy explores the effect of death on people and his role in the grieving process.

Fields of study
As an interdisciplinary study, thanatology relies on collaboration with many different fields of study. Death is a universal human concern; it has been examined and re-examined in a wide variety of disciplines, dating back to pre-history. Some of these fields of study are academic in nature; others have evolved throughout history as cultural traditions. One of the oldest organizations in the field of thanatology is the U.S.-based Association for Death Education and Counseling

The humanities are, perhaps, the very oldest disciplines to explore death. Historically, the average human had a significantly lower standard of living and lifespan than they would today. Wars, famine, and disease always kept death close at hand. Artists, authors, and poets often employed the universality of death as a motif in their works; this trend continues today.

The social sciences are often involved on both the individual and the cultural level. The individual level is primarily covered by psychology, the study of individual minds. However, to overlook social psychology would be a serious omission. Avoiding (or, in some cases, seeking) death is an important human motive; the fear of death affects many individuals' actions. That fear can be either reinforced or assuaged by social culture.

Social science research has frequently encountered the issue of death. The subject-matter of Sociology, for instance, extends to but is by no means confined to social rules, conventions and practices. Sub-disciplines within sociology, such as the sociology of death and sociology of disaster, focus more narrowly on such issues as how societies handle death under certain conditions. Likewise, cultural anthropology and archeology are concerned with how various current and past cultures have each dealt with death. Society and culture are related but dissimilar concepts, so the scope of each is different. Thus, a society is an interdependent community, while societal as distinct from individual culture is an attribute of a community, including the complex web of shifting patterns that links some individuals together. In any case, both cultures and societies must deal with death; and various cultural studies (many of which overlap with each other) examine this response taking a variety of approaches.

Thanatology is by no means reducible to a section of forensic science and the notion that it can be is symptomatic of the pathological urge of scientism  to force all disciplines into its own Procrustean bed. The biological study of death helps explain what happens, physically, to individuals in the moment of dying and during after-death bodily changes, so that extraneous events at the time of death and thereafter can be clarified. In psychiatry and clinical psychology the medical application of psychological principles and therapeutic drugs is also involved; many licensed psychiatrists are required to take courses on thanatology during training. Medical ethics is also an important area of study, especially on the issue of euthanasia ('merciful killing') and assisted suicide. But the degree to which any of these is an aspect of thanatology is a matter of opinion depending primarily on how one defines thanatology itself.

There is also a branch of thanatology called music thanatology which focuses on the use of "music vigils" to help dying individuals, their families and friends. A vigil consists of one or a team of music thanatologists who visit the dying person. They play the harp most often but can be any gentle instrument like the guitar and sing music based on changes that they observe in that person's physiology as well as in interpersonal family dynamics. The music tends toward the meditative, and can be very helpful to the dying person and others present. Often after a vigil, the dying person is more relaxed, less agitated, and  in less pain. (However, in the nature of things, appreciative or even disparaging reviews of the service by recipients are few and far between.)  Some music thanatologists are certified by the Music Thanatology Association International, and they use the initials "CM-Th" to designate certification by this professional organization. A number of hospitals and hospices now have professional music thanatologists on their staff.

See also
 Association for Death Education and Counseling
 Fascination with death
 Taboo against naming the dead
 Thanatopsis
 Thanatosensitivity
 Thanatos

References

External links

Medical aspects of death
Thanatos

Thanatology


Gölpınarlar, Çorum ilinin Boğazkale ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında Gölpınar Kıbti ve Gölpınar Müslim adında iki ayrı köy olarak geçmektedir. Köy, 1968 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 68 km, Boğazkale ilçe merkezine 13 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Boğazkale belde ve köyleri

Gölpınarlar, Boğazkale


ඔස්ට්‍රේලියාවේ ප්‍රාග් ඓතිහාසික යුගය () යනු ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු මහද්වීපයේ ප්‍රථම මිනිස් වාසය සිදු වූ දින සිට ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ෂ 1788 දී සිදු වූ ජනාවාසකරණය (ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාවේ ඉතිහාසය වාර්ථා කිරීම ආරම්භ කිරීම) දක්වා වූ කාලයයි. ඇස්තමේන්තු අනුව එය අවුරුදු 40,000 සිට 60,000 දක්වා වූ කාලයක් වේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

ආශ්‍රිත
 ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව

ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව

ඔස්ට්‍රේලියාවේ ප්‍රාග් ඓතිහාසික යුගය


Ambrosoli es una empresa chilena, especializada en la producción de dulces. Pertenece a la multinacional chilena Carozzi. El lema de Ambrosoli es «La vida es dulce».

Historia
Ambrosoli fue creada por Giovanni Ambrosoli a principios del siglo XX, ubicada en Italia junto al lago Como. Esta empresa empezó vendiendo miel que fabricaba su propia familia. Las buenas ganancias en el negocio les permitió que en 1920 instalaran colmenares a una gran escala.

En 1930 se empiezan a producir caramelos de miel; debido a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Constantino Ambrosoli Valli —hijo mayor de Giovanni Ambrosoli— decide instalarse en Chile, en donde fue fundada la empresa Ambrosoli y Cía. Ltda. en Viña del Mar el 20 de octubre de 1948, iniciando la venta de sus productos al público el 2 de enero de 1949.

En 1962, logra la llegada de la primera máquina envasadora conocida como "La Mundial"; diez años después, se comienzan a producir los famosos chocolates Ambrosoli. Su pastilla de goma más conocida es Frugelé. Su mascota oficial es Ambrosito, un osito de peluche que, además, es un osito de goma junto a Ambrosita.

En 2000 la empresa fue adquirida en su totalidad por Carozzi.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio de Ambrosoli

Empresas de alimentación de Chile
Empresas con sede en Viña del Mar
Empresas fundadas en 1949
Marcas de Carozzi

Ambrosoli


الدكتور مطلب بن عبد الله بن مطلب بن محمد النفيسة  وزير دولة وعضو مجلس الوزراء بالمملكة العربية السعودية. ولد الدكتور مطلب في رياض الخبراء في القصيم عام 1937 م.

المؤهلات العلمية
 دكتوراه في القانون من جامعة هارفارد ماساتشوستس / الولايات المتحدة عام 1975 م.
 ماجستير في القانون من جامعة هارفارد ماساتشوستس / الولايات المتحدة عام 1971 م.
 بكالوريوس في القانون من جامعة القاهرة القاهرة / مصر عام 1962 م.

حياته العملية
بدآ في الوظيفة الحكومية عام 1382/ 1962م بالعمل مستشاراً قانونياً في مجلس الوزراء، ثم بتعينه نائب لمدير العام معهد الآداره العامة، كما بداً في تلك الفترة بممارسه مهنه المحاماة في مكتبه الخاص، وبعد ذلك ابتعث للحصول علي درجتي الماجستير والدكتوراه في القانون في جامعة هارفارد الأمريكية، وفي عام 1395 /1975 عين رئيساً لشعبه الخبراء في مجلس الوزراء وهي التي ارتبط اسم الدكتور مطلب بها وبالعكس أصبحت تسمي هيئة الخبراء منذ عام 1414/ 1994.

الخبرات العملية
 وزيراً للدولة وعضو في مجلس الوزراء السعودي (1995 - حتى الآن).
 مستشار قانوني في مجلس الوزراء السعودي (1382/1962).
 رئيس هيئة الخبراء بمجلس الوزراء (1975-1995)
 أمين عام وعضو المجلس الأعلى لشؤون البترول والمعادن.
 عضو في المجلس الإقتصادي الأعلى.
 عضو مجلس الخدمة المدنية.
 عضو مجلس الخدمة العسكرية.
 نائب للمدير العام لمعهد الإدارة العامة.
 شارك بدراسة الأنظمة الاربعه:
 نظام مجلس الوزراء
 الأنظمة القضائية
 الأنظمة التجارية
 الأنظمة المالية
 10- عضو اللجنة العليا لإعداد النظام الأساسي للحكم.
 عضو اللجنة العليا لإعداد نظام مجلس الشورى.
 عضو اللجنة العليا لإعداد نظام المناطق.
 عضو اللجنة الوزارية المشرفة على مشروع الملك عبد الله لتطوير التعليم العام.
 عضو اللجنة الوزارية للتنظيم الإداري.

سيرته الكاملة
من مجلس بحيث تآخذ الصيغة القانونية الدقيقة ووتتسق مع غيرها من الآنظمه ذات الصلة بها وتشهد اجتماعاتتها لتنيسق بين الجهات الحكومية التي تتقاطع أو تتشابك مسؤلياتها التنفذيه عند تطبيق هذا الآنظمه ومما لاشك فيه ان هذا الهيئة التي تضم لتكوينها نخبه من المستشاريين الشرعيين والقانونين قد أصبح تتكامل في مسؤلياتها مع ماتنتجه مجلس الشورى من الانظمه سواء قامت بدراسة الانظمه قبل عرضها على المجلس أو العكس. عين الدكتور مطلب منذ 1416ه 1995 وزيراً للدوله وعضو في مجلس الوزراء لكنه ظل نسيقاً للعمل ذي الصبغة القانوينه في وقتاٍ الدولة تخلو من وزراه تعني بهذه الوظيفة فهو مثلاً يمسك بشكل أساسي بملفات تتعلق بقضايا الحدود الدول المجاورة ويعد أحد الخبراء السعوديين المعتمديين في هذا المجال وهوعضو في المجلس الاقتصادي الأعلى وعضو وآمين عام لمجلس الآعلي للبترول والمعادن وعضو في العديد من المجالس التنظيمية والاشرافية ومن بينها على سبيل المثال عضو مجلس الخدمة المدنية وعضو مجلس الخدمة العسكرية ونحوهما كما شارك بدراسة الانظمه الاربعه النظام الآساسي للحكم ونظام مجلس الوزراء ونظام مجلس الشورى ونظام المناطق وكذلك الانظمه القضائيه والتجاريه والماليه حيث يعد الدكتور النفيسة آحد اركان مراجعه مشروعات الانظمه والقوانيين والمهمة في الدولة ومع مشاغله العديده وارتباطاته بعشرات المجلس واللجان الحكومية يحرص الدكتور النفيسة على ان يبقى قريباً من البيئة الآكاديميه وقد مارس التدريس في معهد الإدارة العامة وفي قسم القانون في جامعة الملك سعود وله العديد من المؤلفات ذات الصفة التوثيقية والمنهجية التعلمية لقد عرف عنه وهو بهذا الشخصية التي عرض المقال لبعض اوجهها مثابره علي انجاز الأعمال الموكله اليه وهو يحضر الي عمله مبكراً ولا يخرج الي بعد ينهي ما بين يديه من الأعمال مالم يحتم اليه موجب مغادرة مكتبة كان من التقاليد التي حرص عليها الدكتور النفيسة علي تطبيقها علي هيئة الخبراء يعد تنفيذاً لمتطلبات نظامها لقاد يومي صباحي يحضره كل يوم يجمع مستشاريه لمناقشة الموضوعات المدرجه علي جدول الأعمال لقاء يتيح الفرصة للمستشاريين الجدد بخاصه لسماع وجهات نظرهم حيال ماهو مطروح بقصد تشجيعهم وتدريبهم وكان يحرص علي ان يحصل مستشاريه الهيئة علي أفضل فرص التدريب وتآهيل الآكاديمي بما في ذلك الحصول علي ماجستير والدكتوراه من الجامعات الكندية والأمريكية والأوربية في دراسات القانونية.

أسرته
متزوج ولديه ثلاثة أولاد: خالد، فهد، عبد الله.

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من منطقة القصيم
أشخاص يحتمل أن يكونوا أحياء
خريجو جامعة القاهرة
خريجو كلية هارفارد للحقوق
سياسيون سعوديون
سياسيون سعوديون في القرن 20
مواليد 1365 هـ
مواليد 1937
وزراء سعوديون

مطلب بن عبد الله النفيسة


لودوفيك أسيمواسا (18 سبتمبر 1980 في ليون) لاعب كرة قدم توغولي الجنسية فرنسي المولد غير مرتبط بأي نادي حاليا.

شارك مع منتخب توغو في 6 مباريات دولية كان من ضمنها المشاركة في كأس الأمم الأفريقية لكرة القدم 2006 التي أقيمت في مصر وكأس العالم لكرة القدم 2002 التي أقيمت في ألمانيا.

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
رياضيون فرنسيون من أصل توغولي
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من ليون
فرنسيون من أصل توغولي
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو سيوداد دي مرسية
لاعبو كأس الأمم الإفريقية 2006
لاعبو كأس العالم 2006
لاعبو كرة قدم توغوليون
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو كليرمونت
لاعبو أولمبيك ليون
لاعبو منتخب توغو لكرة القدم
مواليد 1980
مواليد في ليون
لاعبو كرة قدم من ليون

لودوفيك أسيمواسا


Die Indische Badmintonmeisterschaft der Saison 2001/2002 fand Anfang Januar 2002 in Lucknow statt. Es war die 66. Austragung der nationalen Titelkämpfe im Badminton in Indien.

Finalergebnisse

Weblinks
badmintonindia.org
thehindu.com

2002
Badminton 2002
Badmintonwettbewerb in Lucknow

Indische Badmintonmeisterschaft 2001/02


Em genômica, a era pós-genômica (português brasileiro) ou pós-genómica (português europeu) refere-se ao período de tempo após a conclusão do Projeto Genoma Humano até os dias atuais. O nome refere-se ao fato de que a epistemologia genética da ciência contemporânea progrediu além da visão centrada no gene da era genômica anterior. É definido pela ampla disponibilidade tanto da sequência do genoma humano quanto dos genomas completos de muitos organismos modelo.

A era pós-genômica é caracterizada por uma mudança de paradigma, na qual novas pesquisas genéticas derrubaram muitos dogmas sobre a maneira como os genes influenciam os fenótipos, assim como sobre a própria definição de "gene". Isso inclui a criação da disciplina de genômica funcional, que analisa genomas inteiros de organismos e, a partir disso, analisa funções de genes e proteínas. Também envolve grandes mudanças na forma como pesquisas científicas são conduzidas e seus resultados divulgados, com iniciativas de ciência aberta permitindo que a criação de conhecimento ocorra fora do ambiente tradicional, o laboratório. Isso levou a um amplo debate sobre se a melhor maneira de conduzir pesquisas genômicas é em pequena ou grande escala.

Logo depois que os primeiros resultados do Projeto Genoma Humano foram anunciados, em 2000, os pesquisadores previram que esses resultados levariam a um tratamento individualizado e diagnósticos mais precisos para doenças humanas. Mais recentemente, pesquisadores sugeriram que a forma como as doenças humanas são classificadas precisa ser atualizada, levando em conta os resultados do PGH.

Genómica

Era Pós-Genômica


Le Couvent des Carmes de Reims, transformé après la révolution en usine de tissage et de filature  située à Reims, en France est restructuré pour laisser la place à des logements et la construction d'un Immeuble bourgeois dans l'ancien jardin.

Localisation
Le couvent des Capucins de Reims était située dans le département français de la Marne, sur la commune de Reims, rue du Barbâtre.

Description

Historique

Couvent des Carmes de Reims
Ces religieux vinrent à Reims en 1292.
Expulsés, ils revinrent vers 1325, construisirent un oratoire sur un terrain que leur donnèrent les religieuses de Saint-Pierre.
Une première chapelle est commencée en 1344 et terminée en 1381.

Période révolutionnaire
Comme la plupart des congrégations, les Carmélites sont expulsées au moment de la Révolution. En 1789, la congrégation de Reims ne comptait plus qu'une dizaine de religieuses alors qu'elle en comptait 130 en 1344.
À la Révolution, la chapelle est  rasée en 1791.
Une fabrique est établie sur une partie du site et une autre partie des bâtiments furent prêtés par la Ville aux Frères des écoles chrétiennes de 1809 jusqu'en 1835.

Période militaire
De 1849 à 1855, le couvent sert comme caserne.

Installation des Carmélites
Les Carmélites ne reviennent à Reims qu'à la Restauration (1815), mais ce n'est qu'en 1857, qu'elles se réinstallent définitivement rue du Barbâtre.

Habitation
Dans les années 1990, le Carmel est revendu à l'Effort Rémois qui  réaménage le couvent en habitation en location, construit des maisons en bordure du mur d'enceinte ainsi qu'un immeuble dans l'ancien jardin qui forme la résidence »Le Carmel ». La chapelle est désacralisée.

Galerie

Bibliographie
Description historique et statistique de la ville de Reims de Jean-Baptiste-François Géruzez, 1817, Volume 1 P20
Lacatte-Joltrois, Essais historiques sur l'église et la paroisse de Saint-Maurice, 1882 (P85 à 86)

Articles connexes
Ordre du Carmel
Industrie textile Rémois

Références

Couvent
Bâtiment détruit à Reims

Couvent des Carmes de Reims


Solen er så rød er en kortfilm fra 1999 instrueret af Jens Arentzen efter manuskript af Elo Sjøgren, Jens Arentzen.

Handling
En syv-årig dreng er tilsyneladende på efterårsferie med sin mor. Men det skal vise sig at være alt andet end ferie! Da drengen bliver ladt alene, bliver det begyndelsen til en uhyggelig afsløring af en familietragedie, som river drengen brutalt ud af den tryghed, som moderen har indsvøbt ham i.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1999
Novellefilm

Solen er så rød


منتخب بوركينا فاسو لكرة القدم  الملقب بـ(الأحصنة) هو المنتخب الوطني الذي يمثل بوركينا فاسو ويدار من قبل اتحاد بوركينا فاسو لكرة القدم . كان معروفا باسم منتخب فولتا العليا لكرة القدم حتى سنة 1984 حيث تم تغيير مسمى الدولة . أفضل انجازاته تحقيق المركز الثاني في بطولة كأس الأمم الأفريقية لكرة القدم 2013 التي استضافتها جنوب أفريقيا. لم ينجح حتى الآن في التأهل إلى بطولة كأس العالم.

يتولى تدريبه البرتغالي باولو دوارتي. أبرز نجوم المنتخب موموني داغانو وهو صاحب أكبر عدد أهداف مع المنتخب منذ مشاركته في 1998 وحتى اعتزاله اللعب الدولي في 2014.

سجل المشاركة في كأس الأمم الأفريقية

روابط خارجية
 قائمة بيانات المنتخب من الموقع الرسمي للفيفا باللغة العربية

المراجع

تأسيسات سنة 1960
تأسيسات سنة 1960 في بوركينا فاسو
منتخبات كرة قدم وطنية إفريقية

منتخب بوركينا فاسو لكرة القدم


The year 1620 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy
 The work of Copernicus (died 1543) is edited and released, as directed by the Congregation of the Index (reading forbidden in March 1616): nine sentences, which state the heliocentric system as certain, are either omitted or changed.

Cartography
 The atlas Atlante geografico d'Italia, compiled by Giovanni Antonio Magini, is published posthumously.

Chemistry
 The scientific method of reasoning is expounded by Francis Bacon in his Novum Organum.

Earth sciences
 Francis Bacon notices the jigsaw fit of the opposite shores of the Atlantic Ocean.

Medicine
 Nicholas Habicot, surgeon to the Duke of Nemours, publishes a report of four successful "bronchotomies" which he has performed; these include the first recorded case of a tracheotomy for the removal of a thrombus and the first pediatric tracheotomy, to extract a foreign body from a 14-year-old's esophagus.

Technology
 May 17 – The first carousel is seen at a fair (Philippapolis, Turkey).
 Cornelis Drebbel builds the first navigable submarine, in England.

Births
 April? – William Brouncker, Anglo-Irish mathematician (died 1684)
 July 21 – Jean Picard, French astronomer (died 1682)
 September 25 – François Bernier, French physician and traveller (died 1688)
 December 23 - Johann Jakob Wepfer, Swiss pathologist and pharmacologist (died 1695)
 Ralph Bathurst, English theologian, physician and academic (died 1704)
 Bernard de Gomme, Dutch-born military engineer (died 1685)
 Edme Mariotte, French physicist and priest (died 1684)
 Robert Morison, Scottish botanist and taxonomist (died 1683)

Deaths
 Simon Stevin, Flemish scientist (born c. 1548)

References

17th century in science
1620s in science

1620 in science


Kohliostema (lat. Cochliostema), manji biljni rod iz Srednje Amerike i sjeverozapada Južne Amerike (od Nikaragve do Ekvadora), kojemu pripada dvije vrste trajnica.

Rod pripada porodici komelinovki

Vrste
 Cochliostema odoratissimum Lem.
 Cochliostema velutinum Read

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Komelinovke

Kohliostema


AS-90 (İngilizce Artillery System for 1990's (1990'lar için top sistemi) kelimelerinin kısaltması), Birleşik Krallık üretimi, hafif zırhlı, kundağı motorlu top.

Teknik veriler
 Üretici: Birleşik Krallık
 Namlu Çapı: 155 mm
 Namlu Uzunluğu: 52 kalibre
 Uzunluğu: 9,07 m
 Muharebe Ağrlığı: 28.850 kg
 Yüksekliği: 3,0 m
 Genişliği: 3,3 m
 Yükselme: -3º +75º
 Yana Dönüş Açısı: 360º
 Mermi Ağırlığı: 43,5 kg HE
 Azami Menzil: 30 bin m
 Atış Hızı: 6 mermi/dk
  Hız: 53 km/sa.
 Hareket Sığası: 420 km
 Hendek Geçme : 2,8
 Dik Engel Geçme: 0,75
 Meyil Tırmanma: %60
 Yerden Yüksekli: 0,41 m
 Sudan Geçme: 1,5 m
 Personel: 5

Kundağı motorlu obüsler
Birleşik Krallık yapımı silahlar

AS-90


Events from the year 1791 in Canada.

Incumbents
Monarch: George III

Federal government
Parliament of Lower Canada — 1st
Parliament of Upper Canada — 1st

Governors
Governor of the Canadas: Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester
Governor of New Brunswick: Thomas Carleton
Governor of Nova Scotia: John Parr
Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: John Elliot
Governor of St. John's Island: Edmund Fanning

Events
 1791–95 – British Captain George Vancouver explores Northwest Coast exhaustively with two ships, but finds no Northwest Passage.
 Edmund Burke supports the proposed constitution for Canada, saying that: "To attempt to amalgamate two populations, composed of races of men diverse in language, laws and habitudes, is a complete absurdity. Let the proposed constitution be founded on man's nature, the only solid basis for an enduring government."
 Charles James Fox declares that "Canada ought to remain attached to Great Britain through the good-will of the Canadians alone."
 Lord Grenville, denying that Canadian attachment to French jurisprudence is due to prejudice, says it is founded "on the noblest sentiments of the human breast."
 George Vancouver leaves England to explore the west coast; Alejandro Malaspina also explores the northwest coast for Spain.
 In response to Loyalist demands, the Constitutional Act of 1791 divides Quebec into Lower Canada (mostly French) and Upper Canada (mostly English who recently migrated from America). In so doing, the Crown hopes to create a stable society that is distinctly non-American. Although French-Canadians retain the privileges granted by the Quebec Act, the Anglican church receives preferred status, including the clergy reserves.
An Anglo-French colonial aristocracy of rich merchants, leading officials, and landholders is expected to work with the royal governors to ensure proper order. Legislative assemblies, although elected by propertied voters, have little real power.
 Population of Lower Canada is 160,000. Population of Upper Canada is 14,000.

Births
January 5 – John Bethune, Anglican clergyman (d. 1872)
February 6 – Charles Richard Ogden, Joint Premier of the Province of Canada (d. 1866)
July 26 – Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet, of Toronto, lawyer, judge and political figure (d. 1863)
November 28 – John Cook, politician Ontarian (d. 1877)

Deaths

Historical documents
Bill to create two provinces in Canada is meant to end "great competition" between French and English in "various questions of law"

Act creating Upper Canada and Lower Canada provides each with council of lifetime appointees and assembly elected by property owners

British commander at Fort Niagara explains "critical situation" of Six Nations and Delaware as U.S. forces move against "Western Indians"

Defeat of U.S. offensive prompts hope that new boundary along Ohio and Genesee rivers will replace "present lines[...]of constant Contention"

List: "Warriors" in each Indigenous nation include 1,500 "Assiniboiis," 3,000 "Christianeaux," 2,000 "Messesagues," and 1,500 "Round-headed Indians"

Conservative French revolutionary calls on English to abandon "frivolous pretext" of Nootka Crisis for going to war with Spain

Despite expectations, Nova Scotia and Canada are unable to supply many products to British West Indies, which instead import them from U.S.A.

Scottish author of tour book including New Brunswick and Lower and Upper Canada says British laws drive his countrymen to seek "asylum" overseas

Map: "Sketch of the Western Countries of Canada; 1791" from Mississippi to Tadoussac and James Bay to Lake Erie, with Indigenous nations' names

Lower Canada
New constitution brings hope that people will not split into parties and will reject "ridiculous distinction of old and new subjects"

Observance of holidays, labelled "idleness" costing nation and families of those not allowed to work, is declared voluntary by Bishop of Quebec

As "part of the Provisions sent out from England[...]for the Relief of this Province," sale of flour is restricted to families and local bakers only

Farmers should grow potatoes because of their long season, success in all soil types, food value to humans and cattle, etc., etc.

Elizabeth Monney, 15, guilty of stealing 16 shillings, is liable to death penalty but, on jury's recommendation of mercy, is sentenced to 15 lashes

"Young Negro Lad" for sale, about 18 or 19, "strong and very healthy, has had the small pox and measles," and speaks English, French and German

Novena held in Quebec City includes Monseigneur's "eloquent and strong sermon upon fasting[, and] nothing so pleases the people as to hear him"

Besides his school with classes in English, French, geography etc., James Tanswell is to publish English grammar and exercise book for francophones

"Montreal Society united for free Debate [is founded for] the investigation and discussion of the most useful moral and political Truths"

Reader wants all lawyers to take oath to seek justice, act only on facts "founded in law and truth,"  and never "mislead the minds of a jury"

"Far from having an immoral tendency," young men's theatre activities prepare them "for the world, by the ease, confidence and grace they inspire"

Unusually strong earthquake followed by 10 days of aftershocks hits Baie-Saint-Paul area

Upper Canada
Brief description of Upper Canada with its "industrious, hardy race [of] excellent farmers" and its "fish, particularly trout, of an incredible size"

Rich soil, warmer climate, coal and lead - "The English may certainly render West Canada through time a most delightful country"

Government to get "Civil Officers [who make their offices] respectable and useful" and governor "esteemed for[...]good sense [and] professional merit"

Joseph Brant and other chiefs agree that Haldimand Tract will be centred on straight line from "Mohawk Village" to Grand River bend near Lake Erie

Nova Scotia
Revenue that's now inadequate to pay government expenses and interest on debt will increase with income, profession and head taxes of 1–10 shillings

"Petitioner Peters" welcomes Secretary of State's announcement of plan to give Blacks land in "free settlement" in Sierra Leone, Africa

John Clarkson recruits Blacks to emigrate to Sierra Leone on basis of taking only those of good character, despite pressure to take all, or none

Clarkson notes Preston Blacks' "strong sense, quick apprehension, clear reasoning, gratitude, [and] affection for their wives & Children"

Recruiting notice to "All able bodied Free Negro Men who are willing to serve His Majesty in the Black Carolina Corps now in the West-Indies"

Readers of guide to farming warned not to dismiss printed agricultural advice as "mere Theory and Speculation, without practice"

John Clarkson describes people of poor settlement at Port L'Hebert, Nova Scotia

Description of 18–20-foot "Indian canoe" records nature and shape of various parts and interaction with Indigenous people who came in it

Detailed record of Lunenburg murder case, with charge to grand jury, arraignment of accused, and their trial and sentencing

Margaret Murphy executed for murdering Maria Ball; "black fellow" gets 6-month sentence plus pillory for "assault with intent to commit a rape"

Shelburne grand jury indicts Jesse Gray for kidnapping free Black woman Mary Postell and her daughters from East Florida and enslaving them

Bishop of Nova Scotia to deliver charity sermon for benefit of Sunday school children suffering lack of shoes, stockings and other clothing

Stud horse "Admiral," with his lengthy pedigree, advertised as available in Cornwallis

New Brunswick
Lt. Gov. Thomas Carleton told to look into Thomas Peters' complaint about land owed to Blacks, but also interest in Sierra Leone and Black corps

Nine Black men request Kingsclear land allotments to end their being "of little use to their family's and less to the Community"

On recommendation of Lt. Gov. Carleton, "New England Company for propagating the Gospel among the native Indians" recruits Edward Winslow

Hudson Bay
Canoe trip from Osnaburgh House to Rainy River to Albany complicated by unusually cold weather and potential violence with Indigenous people

Joseph Colen of York Factory describes "wandering" of "Homeguard" Indigenous people and "Bungees" to detriment of Hudson's Bay Company trade

Colen suspects sailors are stealing HBC's trade goods and ship stores, including half of mainsail "to make themselves trousers"

Elsewhere
Britain and Spain sign convention allowing trade in each other's recent and future Pacific settlements north of Spanish America

As stock prices skyrocket in U.S.A., causing fears of bubble, discussing problem may dampen "a spirit which may be productive of a calamity"

After defeating U.S. forces, Indigenous nations in "Miamis Country" ask Indian Department's help or they will "go over to the Spanish Lines"

Red Jacket tells U.S. officials his people rely on British advice because it comes with wampum, and that British explain U.S. texts they cannot read

With news of murderous riots in Paris and Birmingham, Quebec Gazette will assess "degree of anxiety the public may testify" before printing more

St. John's Island's Lt. Gov. Fanning tells Council and House of Assembly "want of cash[...]seems to be a difficulty very generally felt and lamented"

Alexander Mackenzie asks Roderick to seek trading possibilities with "Red Knives," "Slaves" and "Beaver Indians," including on "River Disappointment"

Calling practices of Labrador Inuit "heathenish," Moravian missionaries "wish to see in this poor people[...]a desire to be redeemed from sin"

References

Canada
91
Canada
1790s in Canada
Years in Canada

1791 in Canada


Mercedes-Benz L319 este un vehicul commercial ușor, produs de Mercedes-Benz între anii 1955 și 1967. Mai încăpător decât tipicele mașini de livrări, dar mai mic decât un camion convențional din acea perioadă, a fost primul fabricat din această clasă. Vehiculului i s-au oferit o gamă de caroserii specifice mașinilor de livrare și camioanelor. De asemenea, au fost lansate și alte variante, tip minibus (O139).

Context Istoric
În 1955, Daimler-Benz avea o reputație foarte bună în rândul producătorilor de automibile pentru pasageri, și a oferea operatorilor comerciali o gamă largă de camioane convenționale. Cel mai mic dintre camioanele oferite, în forma sa actuală din 1945, a fost modelul Mercedes-Benz L3500. În ceea ce privește vehiculele comerciale mai mici, în timpul războiului, Mercedes a fost forțat, prin raționalizarea impusă de guvern, să construiască camioane "Opel Blitz" ale pricipalului său competitor, dar compania nu mai prezense un vehicul comercial propriu mai mic de 3 tone, încă de dinaintea războiului. Oricum, la începutul anilor 1950, succesul vehiculelor Volswagen și al întineritului Opel Blitz i-au convins pe cei de la Mercedes-Benz că această categorie era prea importantă pentru a fi ignorată.

Lansarea

Camioneta a fost prezentată pentru prima oară la Frankfurt Motor Show, în septambrie 1955, având o greutate brută de 3,6 tone și o capacitate maximă de încărcare de 1,6 sau 1,8 tone, în funcție de versiune. O gamă largă de modificări ale caroseriei au inclus o camionetă cu platformă, un camion standard, un camion cu platformă dreaptă de mici dimensiuni și diverse tipuri de microbuze, din ce în ce mai diverse și mai elaborate. Camionetele pentru pompieri sunt deosebit de bine reprezentate printre exponatele L319 care pot fi admirate în muzeele destinate automobilelor vechi,

Arhitectura vehiculului
Mercedes nu a urmat configurația Volkswagen, cu motoare amplasate în spate, dar camioneta se caracteriza, totuși, de un design modern tip "cabină suprapusă", fără capota frontală/ capota proeminentă caracteristică Opel Blitz și a vehiculelor comerciale mai mari ale grupului Mercedes-Benz din acea perioadă. Plasarea  motorului în fața automobilului a asigurat o vizibilitate bună și a dat mașinii un aspect contemporan, dar a dus și la maximizarea spațiului de încărcare. Însă reținerea motorului montat în față a lăsat șoferul să-și împartă cabina cu motorul care ocupă spațiul dintre șofer și pasagerul său, iar proiectanții au trebuit să ia în calcul un arbore de acționare conectat la roțile din spate.

Motorizare
Arcurile lamelare și axele rigide își primesc meritele pentru simplitate, iar costurile de dezvoltare au fost de asemenea menținute prin utilizarea directă a existente în gama de autoturisme a companiei. Modelele L319 originale au primit același motor de 43 CP cu cel al seriei Mercedes-Benz 180D. Ulterior, au fost oferite alternative ușoare și mai puternice, împreună cu variantele cu motor pe benzină.

Asamblare
Inițial, camionetele au fost asamblate la uzina companiei din Sindelfingen, nu departe de sediul central al firmei din Untertürkheim. Cu toate acestea, în 1958, compania a achiziționat Auto Union într-un pachet care include și fabricile din Düsseldorf, în care compania a construit autoturisme, ca urmare a pierderii uzinei originale, Zwickau, în zona de ocupație sovietică din Germania în 1945. Mercedes a transferat treptat producția de automobile "Auto Union" la o nouă fabrică de la Ingolstadt și instalația din Düsseldorf a devenit ( și a rămas) o fabrică pentru producția de vehicule utilitare Mercedes-Benz. Producția de L319 a fost transferată la Düsseldorf în 1961.

Camioneta a fost, de asemenea, asamblată la Victoria, în Spania, și în Port Melbourne, Austria, din kiturile CKD.

Iar versiunea de microbuz a fost asamblată în Iran, de Compania Națională Iran.

Schimbarea denumirilor
În 1963, s-a renunțat la numele inițial al seriei, cel de L319. Vehiculele au fost redenumite L405 (alimentat cu motor Diesel) și L407 (alimentat cu petrol/benzină). Au existat, de asemenea, modelele L406 și L408. Acestea au făcut parte dintr-o redenumire la scară mai largă a gamei de vehicule comerciale ale companiei, destinată inițiativei de identificare a numelor seriilor de automobile cu greutatea și puterea acestora.

Inlocuitor
În 1968, modelul L319 a fost înlocuit de Mercedes-Benz T2. Până în acest moment au fost produse între 120 000 și 140 000  de unități.

Referințe

Vehicule Mercedes-Benz

Mercedes-Benz L319


Thera, Teras o Tera (Θήρας / Thḗras) es un personaje semimítico relacionado con la historia primitiva de Esparta.

Según Heródoto y Pausanias era hijo de Autesión, nieto de Tisámeno, biznieto de Tersandro y tataranieto de Polinices, descendiente a su vez del fenicio Cadmo, el fundador de Cadmea (la acrópolis de Tebas). En efecto, su tatarabuelo Polinices, hijo de Edipo, era bisnieto de Cadmo. Por lo tanto se trata de  un héroe de origen tebano.

Se lo considera el fundador de la ciudad de Tera en la isla homónima.

Al morir Aristodemo, rey de Esparta, quien estaba casado con Argía, Teras, que era hermano de ella, asumió la tutela de los hijos: los gemelos Procles y Eurístenes, que serían reyes de Esparta. Durante la minoría de edad de sus sobrinos, Teres actuó como regente.

Teras tuvo un hijo: Eólico.

Colonización de la isla de Tera

Cuando sus sobrinos llegaron a la mayoría de edad y asumieron el poder que había detentado, y no queriendo estar subordinado a ellos, Teras decidió partir de Lacedemonia. Reunió a gente de las tribus dorias y a un grupo de minias (a los cuales los lacedemonios pretendían matar por haber escapado de prisión) intercedió por ellos y se comprometió a sacarlos del país.

Teras zarpó en tres triacónteros con la intención de formar una misma comunidad con los descendientes de los fenicios que habitaban la isla llamada entonces Caliste (más tarde Tera y conocida también como Santorini).

Según cuenta Heródoto, Eólico no acompañó a su padre en la expedición. Píndaro, que recoge otra tradición diferente a la herodotea, refiere que algunos Égidas dejaron Esparta y acompañaron a Teras.
La versión de Pausanias coincide en esencia con la de Heródoto, excepto en dos cosas: en primer lugar, que la intención de Teras al llegar a la isla era que los descendientes de Memblíaro, el jefe de los colonos de la expedición de Cadmo, le cedieran el trono voluntariamente, ya que su linaje, que se remontaba a Cadmo, le otorgaba preeminencia; en segundo lugar, que los minias que le acompañaron habían sido expulsados de Lemnos por los pelasgos.

La colonización de Caliste fue exitosa, los habitantes nativos cedieron el mando a Tera, el oikistés o colonizador, y tanto la ciudad como la isla fueron conocidas como Tera; Pausanias informa que fue el mismo Teras quien cambió el nombre por el suyo y añade que se celebraban anualmente, todavía en su época, sacrificios en su honor.

En su obra Descripción de Grecia, Pausanias informa de que en la segunda calle que partía del dromos de Esparta había un santuario de Atenea que había fundado Teras con motivo de la colonización. Añade que junto a la lesque llamada Pecile había heroones de Cadmo y de sus descendientes Teras, Eólico y Egeo.

Notas y referencias

 ESTRABÓN: Geografía VIII, 3, 19.

 HERÓDOTO: Historias IV, 147-150.

Enlaces externos

 Teras, en el sitio del Proyecto Perseus.

Personajes de la mitología griega
Impulsores del culto de Atenea
Esparta

Teras


القشدة الحامضة أو الكريمة الحامضة أو القشطة الرائبة  إحدى منتوجات الحليب الغنية بالدهون، تنتج بتخمير الكريمة العادية مع بعض أنواع بكتيريا حمض اللبنيك. تحضر البكتيريا إما صناعياً أو طبيعياً، وطعمها كطعم اللبنة.

انظر أيضًا

 سميتانة

مراجع

أطعمة حامضة
توابل
حليب
مطبخ أسترالي
مطبخ أمريكا الجنوبية
مطبخ أمريكا الشمالية
مطبخ أمريكي
مطبخ أمريكي أوسطي
مطبخ أوروبي
مطبخ إسرائيلي
مطبخ إنجليزي
مطبخ بريطاني
مطبخ كندي
مطبخ متوسطي
مطبخ مكسيكي
مطبخ نيوزيلندي
منتجات ألبان

قشدة حامضة


Sportvereniging Roda Juliana Combinatie Kerkrade ili jednostavno Roda JC Kerkrade je nizozemski nogometni klub iz Kerkradea. U sezoni 2019./20. se natječe u Eerste divisie, drugom rangu nizozemskog nogometa.

Klub je osnovan spajanjem Rapida JC i Roda Sport 1962. godine. U početku su igrali u Eerste Divisie, a plasirali su se u prvu ligu 1973. godine, gdje su ostali sljedeću 41 godinu, 2014. godine su ispali iz lige. U sezoni 2009./10. u naziv kluba su dodali i ime grada iz kojeg potječu, kako bi dobili više pažnje i financijskih sredstava. U Nizozemskoj su poznati kao klub rudara, jer su za njih u samim početcima postojanja igrali samo rudari iz obližnjeg rudnika.

Vanjske poveznice
Službene stranice

Nizozemski nogometni klubovi

Roda JC Kerkrade


Sveti Vendelin (554. – 617.) njemački je opat i svetac škotskog ili irskogporijekla.

Životopis
O svetom Vendelinu znamo prema životopisu iz 15. stoljeća prema kojem je bio sin staroškotskog kralja Forchad i kraljice Ireline, no umjesto da je postao kralj posvetio se svećeničkom pozivu te postao biskup. Prema drugoj predaji, Vendelin je iz irske bogate obitelji koja je imala dobre odnose s kraljevskom obitelji iz Irske te je ubrzo došao na kontinet i zaputio se u Tier gdje je čuvao tuđe svinje kako bi se mogao uzdržavati Živio kao pustinjak, a pri kraju 6. stoljeća izabran je za opata benediktinskog samostana u Tholeyju gdje je i umro 617. godine. Tijelo je bilo zakopano u blizina današnjeg mjesta Sankt Wendel gdje je 1360. tadašnji terski nadbiskup Boemund II prenio kosti i sakradio baziliku njemu u čast.

Štovanje
Godine 1417. u gradu Saarbrückenu izbio je veliki požar, a stanovnici su zagovarali svetog Vendelina za pomoć te je požar ubrzo bio ugašen. Nakon toga se štovanje tog sveca populariziralo te su mnogi toponimi i eponimi u Njemačkoj izvedeni iz njegovog imena (St. Wendel). U njegovu je čast diljem svijeta podignuto petstotinjak kapelica i oko 160 svetišta. U Hrvatskoj postoji nekoliko crkva posvećeniih njemu, a u Jarmini je osnovana i župa pod njegovom zaštitom s obzirom na to sa su za vrijeme osnivanja župe, u mjestu živjeli mnogi Nijemci.

Izvori

Sveci

Sveti Vendelin


භරත නාට්‍යම් යනු ලොව ඇති පැරණිතම නර්තන සම්ප්‍රදායයි . දකුණු ඉන්දියාවේ තමිල්නාඩු ප්‍රාන්තයේ ආරම්භ වී ඇත. "භරත"  යන වචනය සකස් වී ඇත්තේ භාව, රාග, තාල  යන පදවලිනි.

භරතනාට්‍යම්


(6426) Vanýsek, denumire internațională (6426) Vanysek, este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
6426 Vanýsek este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul Kleť de Miloš Tichý. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,42 ua, o excentricitate de 0,17 și o înclinație de 2,8° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 6001-7000
 Centura de asteroizi

Note

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1995
Centura de asteroizi

6426 Vanýsek


Adopt Me! é um jogo multijogador massivo online desenvolvido pela Uplift Games dentro da plataforma de desenvolvimento de jogos Roblox. O foco original do jogo era uma encenação no qual o jogador podia assumir o papel de pai/mãe ou bebê, em que o jogador finge ser um pai adotando uma criança ou uma criança sendo adotada; porém, à medida que o jogo foi se desenvolvendo, seu foco mudou para adotar e cuidar de vários diferentes animais de estimação virtuais.

A Uplift Games, o estúdio independente por trás do jogo, emprega cerca de 40 funcionários e fatura 50 milhões de dólares por ano, principalmente por meio de microtransações.

Em 8 de maio de 2022, o jogo recebeu mais de 5 milhões de curtidas e mais de 28 bilhões de visitas, além de 24 milhões de favoritos

Jogabilidade
Adopt Me! gira em torno de adotar e cuidar de uma variedade de diferentes tipos de animais de estimação, que eclodem de ovos. Alguns animais só podem ser comprados com a moeda virtual oficial do Roblox, o Robux. Os animais de estimação são agrupados em 5 classes, com base na raridade e no custo. Esses grupos são Common (comum), Uncommon (incomum), Rare (raro), Ultra-Rare (ultra-raro) e Legendary (lendário). Uma vez chocados, os animais de estimação crescem a partir de seu status inicial como recém-nascidos, crescendo e virando crianças, pré-adolescentes, adolescentes, pós-adolescentes e, por fim, tornando-se adultos. Se um jogador tiver quatro animais de estimação totalmente crescidos do mesmo tipo, ele pode combiná-los para formar um animal de estimação "Neon", e quatro animais de estimação de neon totalmente crescidos podem ser combinados em um animal de estimação "Mega-Neon". As compras dentro do jogo são realizadas tanto pelo Robux quanto pela moeda virtual do Adopt Me!, chamada de "Bucks". Bucks podem ser ganhados atendendo às necessidades de um animal de estimação, como comer e beber, entre outros métodos. Os jogadores também podem adotar crianças e brincar com outros jogadores.

Ligações externas
 A página do jogo no site do Roblox
 O site oficial do Adopt Me!

Jogos eletrônicos de 2017
Jogos para Android
Jogos para Xbox One
Jogos para macOS
Jogos para iOS
Jogos online
MMORPG
Jogos eletrônicos escritos em Lua
Jogos para Windows
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Roblox

Adopt Me!


Black-Ash Inheritance is the second EP by Swedish heavy metal band In Flames, released in 1997. It was released as a preview of their upcoming album Whoracle. Its tracks were later included in the Japanese release of Whoracle as well as the later reissue of The Jester Race.

The title is a lyric from the song "Dead God in Me" from The Jester Race.

The "Acoustic Medley" is a medley of three In Flames songs; "Artifacts of the Black Rain" (The Jester Race), "Dead Eternity" (The Jester Race) and "Jotun" (Whoracle).

In 2007, Black-Ash Inheritance was re-released as a shaped mini-LP by Night of the Vinyl Dead Records, limited to 555 copies.

Track listing

Personnel

In Flames
Anders Fridén – vocals, percussion
Glenn Ljungström – guitar
Jesper Strömblad – guitar, keyboards, percussion
Johan Larsson – bass
Bjorn Gelotte – drums, percussion

In Flames albums
1997 EPs
Nuclear Blast EPs
Albums produced by Fredrik Nordström

Black-Ash Inheritance


Ablu es una ciudad de la India en el distrito de Bathinda, dentro del Estado de Panyab.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 208  a 249 km de la capital estatal, Chandigarh, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 7 596 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Punyab (India)

Ablu


Rosangela Balbó (Turín; 16 de abril de 1941 - Ciudad de México; 3 de noviembre de 2011), nacida Rosa Angela Giovanna Balbó Rosso, fue una actriz italiana nacionalizada mexicana, que desempeñó una carrera en cine, teatro y televisión.

Biografía
Nació en Turín, en la región de Piamonte, Italia. Muy pequeña la actriz y su familia abandonaron Italia y se radicaron en la Argentina. En este país estudió actuación y debutó en la película argentina Amorina en 1961. A esta le siguieron títulos como Buscando a Mónica, Los que verán a Dios y Los hipócritas. En 1967 abandona Argentina y viaja a México, donde finalmente se radica, debutando en el país en la película La perra, donde compartió escena con Julio Alemán y Carlos López Moctezuma. A esta le siguieron una variedad de películas como La cama, Tres amigos, El hermano Capulina, La hora desnuda, Pistolero del diablo y Hoy no circula. También trabajó en una infinidad de telenovelas como Pobre Clara, Juegos del destino, Alcanzar una estrella II, Acapulco, cuerpo y alma, Angela, Tres mujeres, Siempre te amaré, Heridas de amor y Las tontas no van al cielo. Las últimas telenovelas en las que participó fueron Rafaela, producida por Nathalie Lartilleux, y La fuerza del destino, producida por Rosy Ocampo, ambas de 2011. También destacó en teatro, en obras como Los árboles mueren de pie y Monólogos de la vagina.

En 2010 fue diagnosticada con cáncer de pulmón, debido a esto dejó su hábito de fumar el cual consistía en dos cajetillas diarias de cigarrillos. La actriz se recuperó y siguió trabajando, aunque en 2011 su dolencia resurgió agresivamente y se alojó en su pulmón izquierdo. A pesar de que la actriz luchó contra su enfermedad, finalmente perdió la batalla, el jueves 3 de noviembre de 2011.

Al momento de su muerte la actriz fungía como presidenta de la estancia infantil y del jardín de niños de la ANDA, a través del patronato Rosa Mexicano.

Fue velada en una funeraria de la Colonia San Rafael, y sus restos fueron cremados y depositados dentro de una urna en una cripta cerca del edificio de la ANDA.

Entusiasta defensora de los animales Rosangela Balbo cooperaba en el rescate y búsqueda de hogar de animales callejeros.

Filmografía

Telenovelas

Series de TV
  La rosa de Guadalupe  (2009) .... Ángela
 Mujeres asesinas (2008) .... Giovanna (1 episodio: "Mónica, acorralada")
 ¿Qué nos pasa? (1998) (1 episodio)
 Mujer, casos de la vida real (Varios episodios, 1994-2006)

Películas

Teatro
 Los árboles mueren de pie
 Monólogos de la vagina
 Mujeres juntas... ni difuntas

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Información sobre Rosángela Balbó en Internet Movie DataBase

Nacidos en Turín
Emigrantes italianos hacia Argentina
Emigrantes italianos hacia México
Actrices de México
Actrices de televisión de México
Actrices de cine de Argentina
Actrices de cine de México
Actrices de teatro de México
Nacionalizadas de México
Fallecidos por cáncer de pulmón en México
Fallecidos en Ciudad de México

Rosángela Balbó


La howlita, también llamada khaulita o silicoborocalcita, es un mineral de la clase de los minerales boratos según la 10.ª clasificación de Strunz. Fue descubierta en 1868 en Nueva Escocia, Canadá, y fue nombrada así en honor de Henry How, químico, geólogo y mineralogista canadiense, el primero en describir este mineral.

Características químicas
Antiguamente era clasificado como un silicato cálcico conteniendo aniones de boro, pero el estudio de su estructura indica que es un borato de calcio que contiene también silicio.

Además de los elementos de su fórmula, suele llevar como impurezas: sodio y potasio.

Dureza
Los análisis de dureza suelen dar un valor de 3'5, pero este podría ser la dureza para separar los granos de la forma masiva en que normalmente se encuentra, pues la dureza auténtica de uno de los cristales se ha medido en torno a 6'5.

Formación y yacimientos
Se suele encontrar asociado a depósitos de minerales boratos. Se forma como mineral secundario en ambientes áridos.

Suele estar asociado a otros minerales como: colemanita, ulexita o bakerita.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Howlita, mindat.org.
 Howlita, webmineral.com.
 Manual de howlita, Mineral Data Publishing.

Minerales boratos
Minerales de calcio
Minerales de silicio
Sistema monoclínico
Minerales descubiertos en Canadá
Minerales descubiertos en 1868
Naturaleza de Nueva Escocia
Minerales epónimos

Howlita


Melbury House est une maison de campagne anglaise dans la paroisse de Melbury Sampford près d'Evershot, dans le Dorset. Ce manoir classé Grade I est la maison de l'honorable Charlotte Townshend, une importante propriétaire foncière de l'est du Dorset, par l'intermédiaire de sa mère, Theresa Fox- Strangways (Vicomtesse Galway).

Histoire

Melbury House est le siège de la famille Strangways du Dorset depuis que le domaine a été acquis en 1500 de William Browning par Sir Henry Strangways (vers 1465-1504) qui a épousé sa veuve . Le manoir médiéval de la famille Browning est reconstruit après 1546 par l'arrière-petit-fils d'Henry, Sir Giles Strangways (1528-1562)  en utilisant de la pierre de ham provenant d'une carrière à neuf miles de là. Bien que Sir Giles ait vécu de manière extravagante et grevé de dettes son domaine considérable à sa mort prématurée, il construit à Melbury une maison conservatrice, "une cour sans fioritures", comme l'a décrit Mark Girouard, "à part le seul geste de sa la tour". Cet élément remarquable, une tour hexagonale, s'élève près de l'intersection de trois rangées de bâtiments. Son toit a des créneaux fictifs.

Elle est modifiée et agrandie en 1692 par Thomas Strangways (1643-1713), sous la direction d'un certain "Watson", un maçon-constructeur local qui doit probablement être identifié avec John Watson de Glashampton, Gloucestershire . Elle est encore modernisée au .

La maison passe à la famille Fox de l'héritière Strangways Elizabeth Horner, fille et unique héritière de Thomas Horner (1688-1741), député, de Mells Manor Somerset, shérif de Somerset en 1711/12, par sa femme Susanna Strangways, unique héritière de son frère Thomas Strangways (décédé en 1726) et fille de Thomas Strangways (1643–1713), député, de Melbury House. Conformément aux termes de l'héritage de sa femme en 1726, Thomas Horner adopte pour lui-même et ses descendants le nom et les armes de Strangways. En 1735, à l'âge de 13 ans, Elizabeth Horner épouse Stephen Fox (1704-1776), 31 ans (plus tard Stephen Fox-Strangways (1er comte d'Ilchester)), fils aîné survivant de Sir Stephen Fox (1627-1716), le premier Payeur des Forces, considéré comme le « roturier le plus riche des trois royaumes ». En 1758, Stephen Fox prend le nom de famille et les armes supplémentaires de Strangways, conformément aux termes de l'héritage de sa femme. En 1741, il est élevé à la pairie de Grande-Bretagne en tant que baron Ilchester d'Ilchester dans le comté de Somerset et baron Strangways de Woodford dans le comté de Dorset. En 1747, il est créé baron d'Ilchester et Stavordale de Redlynch, dans le comté de Somerset, et en 1756, il est nommé comte d'Ilchester .

Quand Horace Walpole visite Melbury, il admire les peintures et les tapisseries dans "les appartements les plus richement et abondamment meublés". Le pionnier de la photographie William Henry Fox Talbot est né dans la maison. Thomas Hardy utilise Melbury House, comme "King's Hintock Court", pour des mentions de passage dans "The Duke's Reappearance" dans A Changed Man and Other Tales et dans A Group of Noble Dames, 1891.

La maison et son écurie au nord sont des bâtiments classés Grade I. Les jardins paysagers sont classés Grade II * dans le registre national des parcs et jardins historiques.

Références

Liens externes

Monument classé de Grade I dans le Dorset

Melbury House


එබඩොට් හොසේන් චෞද්රි (උපත 1994 ජනවාරි 7) බංග්ලාදේශ ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩකයෙකි. ඔහු 2019 පෙබරවාරි මාසයේදී බංගලාදේශ ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායම වෙනුවෙන් ජාත්‍යන්තර තරගයට පිවිසියේය. ඔහු බංග්ලාදේශ ගුවන් හමුදාවේ ක්‍රියාකාරී සොල්දාදුවෙකි.

යොමු කිරීම්

එබඩොට් හොසේන්


Liao Qiuyun (Yongzhou, 13 de julho de 1995) é uma halterofilista chinesa, medalhista olímpica.

Carreira

Qiuyun conquistou a medalha de prata nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 em Tóquio, após levantar 223 kg na categoria feminina para pessoas com até 55 kg. No início de 2019, ela competiu na Copa do Mundo IWF de 2019 na divisão de 55 kg e ganhou medalhas de ouro em todos os levantamentos.

Halterofilistas olímpicos da China
Halterofilistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020

Liao Qiuyun


Özgür ve açık kaynak kodlu bazı yazılımların listesi:

Ağ ve İnternet

İnternet Tarayıcıları

Blink Tabanlı
 Chromium
 Brave

Gecko Tabanlı
 Mozilla Firefox
 Icecat
 Waterfox
 Pale Moon
 Tor Browser

Diğer Tabanlı
 Links

E-posta İstemcileri
 Mozilla Thunderbird

P2P
 eMule
 Azureus
 Ares Galaxy
 Shareaza
 qBittorrent
 Deluge

FTP istemcileri
 FileZilla
 gFTP

İnternet Sunucuları
 Apache HTTP Sunucusu
 Nginx
 Caddy

Mesajlaşma
 Element
 Pidgin
 Telegram
 Signal

İşletim sistemi

Çekirdek
 Linux
 Hurd
 BSD

GNU/Linux Dağıtımları
 Debian
 Ubuntu
 Linux Mint
 Arch
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 Red Hat Linux
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BSD Dağıtımları
 FreeBSD
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Masasütü ortamı
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Matematik
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Bilgisayarlı cebir
 Axiom
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İstatistik
 R
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Nümerik analiz
 FreeMat
 GNU Octave
 Gnuplot
 Modelica
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Medya

Medya Oynatıcı
 VLC media player
 mpv

Veri depolama ve yönetimi
 PostgreSQL
 TrueCrypt
 VeraCrypt
 MySQL
 Krusader

Yapay Zeka

Bilgisayar görüsü
 OpenCV

Doğal Dil İşleme

 Nlptoolkit
 Zemberek

Makine öğrenimi
 R (programlama dili)
 Weka
 RapidMiner
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Robotik
 ROS
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Yaratıcılık

Ekran Görüntüsü
 Flameshot
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Ofis
 Apache OpenOffice
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Programlama

 Atom
 Eclipse
 Emacs
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Resim İşleme

 DigiKam
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Ses Düzenleme

 Ardour
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Video İşleme
 Blender
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Yayımcılık
 Scribus

Yazı Düzenleme
 Notepad++
 Gedit
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Özgür yazılım
Yazılım listeleri
Eksik listeler

Özgür ve açık kaynak kodlu yazılım paketlerinin listesi


HMS Collingwood was a  dreadnought battleship built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. She spent her whole career assigned to the Home and Grand Fleets and often served as a flagship. Prince Albert (later King George VI) spent several years aboard the ship before and during World War I. At the Battle of Jutland in May 1916, Collingwood was in the middle of the battleline and lightly damaged a German battlecruiser. Other than that battle, and the inconclusive action of 19 August, her service during the war generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea. The ship was deemed obsolete after the war; she was reduced to reserve and used as a training ship before being sold for scrap in 1922.

Design and description
The design of the St Vincent class was derived from that of the previous , with a slight increase in size, armour and more powerful guns, among other more minor changes. Collingwood had an overall length of , a beam of , and a normal draught of . She displaced  at normal load and  at deep load. In 1911 her crew numbered 758 officers and ratings.

Collingwood was powered by two sets of Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, each driving two shafts, using steam from eighteen Yarrow boilers. The turbines were rated at  and were intended to give the ship a maximum speed of . During her full-power, eight-hour sea trials on 17 January 1910, she only reached a top speed of  from . Collingwood carried enough coal and fuel oil to give her a range of  at a cruising speed of .

Armament and armour
The St Vincent class was equipped with ten breech-loading (BL) 12-inch (305 mm) Mk XI guns in five twin-gun turrets, three along the centreline and the remaining two as wing turrets. The secondary, or anti-torpedo boat, armament comprised twenty BL 4-inch (102 mm) Mk VII guns. Two of these guns were each installed on the roofs of the fore and aft centreline turrets and the wing turrets in unshielded mounts, and the other ten were positioned in the superstructure. All guns were in single mounts. The ships were also fitted with three 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, one on each broadside and the third in the stern.

The St Vincent-class ships had a waterline belt of Krupp cemented armour (KC) that was  thick between the fore and aftmost barbettes, reducing to a thickness of  before it reached the ships' ends. Above this was a strake of armour  thick. Transverse bulkheads  inches thick terminated the thickest parts of the waterline and upper armour belts once they reached the outer portions of the endmost barbettes.

The three centreline barbettes were protected by armour  thick above the main deck that thinned to  below it. The wing barbettes were similar except that they had 10 inches of armour on their outer faces. The gun turrets had  faces and sides with  roofs. The three armoured decks ranged in thicknesses from . The front and sides of the forward conning tower were protected by 11-inch plates, although the rear and roof were 8 inches and 3 inches thick, respectively.

Alterations
The guns on the forward turret roof were removed in 1911–1912 and the upper forward pair of guns in the superstructure were removed in 1913–1914. In addition, gun shields were fitted to all guns in the superstructure and the bridge structure was enlarged around the base of the forward tripod mast. During the first year of the war, a fire-control director was installed high on the forward tripod mast. Around the same time, the base of the forward superstructure was rebuilt to house eight 4-inch guns and the turret-top guns were removed, which reduced her secondary armament to a total of fourteen guns. In addition, a pair of 3-inch anti-aircraft (AA) guns were added.

By April 1917, Collingwood mounted thirteen 4-inch anti-torpedo boat guns as well as single 4-inch and 3-inch AA guns. Approximately  of additional deck armour had been added after the Battle of Jutland. Before the end of the war the AA guns were moved from the deckhouse between the aft turrets to the stern and the stern torpedo tube was removed. In 1918, a high-angle rangefinder was fitted and flying-off platforms were installed on the roofs of the fore and aft turrets.

Construction and career

Collingwood, named after Vice-Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood, was ordered on 26 October 1907. She was laid down at Devonport Royal Dockyard on 3 February 1908, launched on 7 November 1908 and completed in April 1910. Including her armament, the ship's cost is quoted at £1,680,888 or £1,731,640.

On 19 April 1910, Collingwood was commissioned and assigned to the 1st Division of the Home Fleet under the command of Captain William Pakenham. She joined other members of the fleet in regular peacetime exercises, and on 11 February 1911 damaged her bottom plating on an uncharted rock off Ferrol. On 24 June the ship was present at the Coronation Fleet Review for King George V at Spithead. Pakenham was relieved by Captain Charles Vaughan-Lee on 1 December. On 1 May 1912, the 1st Division was renamed the 1st Battle Squadron. On 22 June, Vaughan-Lee was transferred to the battleship  and Captain James Ley assumed command; Vice-Admiral Stanley Colville hoisted his flag in Collingwood as commander of the 1st Battle Squadron. The ship participated in the Parliamentary Naval Review on 9 July at Spithead before beginning a refit late in the year. In March 1913, Collingwood and the 1st Battle Squadron undertook a port visit to Cherbourg, France. Midshipman Prince Albert (later King George VI) was assigned to the ship on 15 September 1913. Collingwood hosted Albert's older brother, Edward, Prince of Wales, during a short cruise on 18 April 1914. She became a private ship when Colville hauled down his flag on 22 June.

World War I
Between 17 and 20 July, Collingwood took part in a test mobilisation and fleet review as part of the British response to the July Crisis. Arriving in Portland on 27 July, she was ordered to proceed with the rest of the Home Fleet to Scapa Flow two days later to safeguard the fleet from a possible German surprise attack. In August 1914, following the outbreak of World War I, the Home Fleet was reorganised as the Grand Fleet, and placed under the command of Admiral John Jellicoe. Most of it was briefly based (22 October to 3 November) at Lough Swilly, Ireland, while the defences at Scapa were strengthened. On the evening of 22 November 1914, the Grand Fleet conducted a fruitless sweep in the southern half of the North Sea; Collingwood stood with the main body in support of Vice-Admiral David Beatty's 1st Battlecruiser Squadron. The fleet was back in port in Scapa Flow by 27 November. The 1st Battle Squadron cruised north-west of the Shetland Islands and conducted gunnery practice on 8–12 December. Four days later, the Grand Fleet sortied during the German raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby, but failed to make contact with the High Seas Fleet. Collingwood and the rest of the Grand Fleet conducted another sweep of the North Sea on 25–27 December.

The Grand Fleet, including Collingwood, conducted gunnery drills on 10–13 January 1915 west of Orkney and Shetland. On the evening of 23 January, the bulk of the Grand Fleet sailed in support of Beatty's battlecruisers, but Collingwood and the rest of the fleet did not participate in the ensuing Battle of Dogger Bank the following day. The ship sailed for Portsmouth Royal Dockyard on 2 February to begin a brief refit and returned on 18 February. On 7–10 March, the Grand Fleet conducted a sweep in the northern North Sea, during which it conducted training manoeuvres. Another such cruise took place on 16–19 March. From 25 March to 14 April 1915, Rear-Admiral Hugh Evan-Thomas temporarily hoisted his flag aboard Collingwood. On 11 April, the Grand Fleet conducted a patrol in the central North Sea and returned to port on 14 April; another patrol in the area took place on 17–19 April, followed by gunnery drills off Shetland on 20–21 April.

The Grand Fleet conducted sweeps into the central North Sea on 17–19 May and 29–31 May without encountering any German vessels. During 11–14 June the fleet conducted gunnery practice and battle exercises west of Shetland. Collingwood was briefly docked at Invergordon from 23 to 25 June. King George V inspected the ship on 8 July, and the Grand Fleet conducted training off Shetland beginning three days later. Rear-Admiral Ernest Gaunt temporarily used Collingwood as his flagship from 24 August to 24 September and from 10 December to 16 January 1916. On 2–5 September 1915, the fleet went on another cruise in the northern end of the North Sea and conducted gunnery drills. Throughout the rest of the month, the Grand Fleet conducted numerous training exercises. The ship, together with the majority of the Grand Fleet, conducted another sweep into the North Sea from 13 to 15 October. Almost three weeks later, Collingwood participated in another fleet training operation west of Orkney during 2–5 November. On 21 November, she sailed for Devonport Royal Dockyard for a minor overhaul and arrived back at Scapa on 9 December.

The Grand Fleet departed for a cruise in the North Sea on 26 February 1916; Jellicoe had intended to use the Harwich Force to sweep the Heligoland Bight, but bad weather prevented operations in the southern North Sea. As a result, the operation was confined to the northern end of the sea. Another sweep began on 6 March, but had to be abandoned the following day as the weather grew too severe for the escorting destroyers. On the night of 25 March, Collingwood and the rest of the fleet sailed from Scapa Flow to support Beatty's battlecruisers and other light forces raiding the German Zeppelin base at Tondern. By the time the Grand Fleet approached the area on 26 March, the British and German forces had already disengaged and a strong gale threatened the light craft, so the fleet was ordered to return to base. On 21 April, the Grand Fleet conducted a demonstration off Horns Reef to distract the Germans while the Russian Navy relaid its defensive minefields in the Baltic Sea. The fleet returned to Scapa Flow on 24 April and refuelled before proceeding south in response to intelligence reports that the Germans were about to launch a raid on Lowestoft. The Grand Fleet arrived in the area after the Germans had withdrawn. On 2–4 May, the fleet conducted another demonstration off Horns Reef to keep German attention focused on the North Sea.

Battle of Jutland

In an attempt to lure out and destroy a portion of the Grand Fleet, the German High Seas Fleet, composed of 16 dreadnoughts, 6 pre-dreadnoughts, 6 light cruisers, and 31 torpedo boats, departed the Jade Bight early on the morning of 31 May. The fleet sailed in concert with Rear Admiral Franz von Hipper's five battlecruisers and supporting cruisers and torpedo boats. The Royal Navy's Room 40 had intercepted and decrypted German radio traffic containing plans of the operation. In response, the Admiralty ordered the Grand Fleet, totalling some 28 dreadnoughts and 9 battlecruisers, to sortie the night before to cut off and destroy the High Seas Fleet. Collingwood was the eighteenth ship from the head of the battle line after the Grand Fleet deployed for battle.

The initial action was fought primarily by the British and German battlecruiser formations in the afternoon, but by 18:00, the Grand Fleet approached the scene. Fifteen minutes later, Jellicoe gave the order to turn and deploy the fleet for action. The transition from cruising formation caused congestion with the rear divisions, forcing many ships to reduce speed to  to avoid colliding with each other. During the first stage of the general engagement, Collingwood fired eight salvos from her main guns at the crippled light cruiser  from 18:32, although the number of hits made, if any, is unknown. Her secondary armament then engaged the destroyer , which was attempting to come to Wiesbadens assistance, but failed to hit her. At 19:15 Collingwood fired two salvoes of high explosive (HE) shells at the battlecruiser , hitting her target once before she disappeared into the mist. The shell detonated in the German ship's sickbay and damaged the surrounding superstructure. Shortly afterwards, during the attack of the German destroyers around 19:20, the ship fired her main armament at a damaged destroyer without success and dodged two torpedoes that missed by  behind and  in front. This was the last time she fired her guns during the battle.

Following the German destroyer attack, the High Seas Fleet disengaged, and Collingwood and the rest of the Grand Fleet saw no further action in the battle. This was, in part, due to confusion aboard the fleet flagship over the exact location and course of the German fleet; without this information, Jellicoe could not bring his fleet to action. At 21:30, the Grand Fleet began to reorganise into its night-time cruising formation. Early on the morning of 1 June, the Grand Fleet combed the area, looking for damaged German ships, but after spending several hours searching, they found none. Collingwood fired a total of 52 armour-piercing, capped and 32 HE shells from her main armament and 35 four-inch shells during the battle. Prince Albert was a sub-lieutenant commanding the forward turret during the battle and sat in the open on the turret roof during a lull in the action.

Subsequent activity
After the battle the ship was transferred to the 4th Battle Squadron under the command of Vice-Admiral Sir Doveton Sturdee, who inspected Collingwood on 8 August 1916. The Grand Fleet sortied on 18 August to ambush the High Seas Fleet while it advanced into the southern North Sea, but a series of miscommunications and mistakes prevented Jellicoe from intercepting the German fleet before it returned to port. Two light cruisers were sunk by German U-boats during the operation, prompting Jellicoe to decide to not risk the major units of the fleet south of 55° 30' North due to the prevalence of German submarines and mines. The Admiralty concurred and stipulated that the Grand Fleet would not sortie unless the German fleet was attempting an invasion of Britain or there was a strong possibility it could be forced into an engagement under suitable conditions.

Collingwood received a brief refit at Rosyth in early September before rejoining the Grand Fleet. On 29 October Sturdee came aboard to present the ship with her battle honour, "Jutland 1916". Captain Wilmot Nicholson briefly assumed command on 1 December before transferring to the new battlecruiser  upon his relief by Captain Cole Fowler on 26 March 1917. Together with the rest of the 4th Battle Squadron, Collingwood put to sea for tactical exercises for a few days in February 1917. The ship was present at Scapa Flow when her sister ship s magazines exploded on 9 July and her crew recovered the bodies of three men killed in the explosion. In January 1918, Collingwood and other of the older dreadnoughts cruised off the coast of Norway for several days, possibly to provide distant cover for a convoy to Norway. Along with the rest of the Grand Fleet, she sortied on the afternoon of 23 April after radio transmissions revealed that the High Seas Fleet was at sea after a failed attempt to intercept the regular British convoy to Norway. The Germans were too far ahead of the British, and no shots were fired. By early November, Collingwood was at Invergordon to receive a brief refit in the floating dock based there, and missed the surrender of the High Seas Fleet on the 21st. She was slightly damaged on 23 November while attempting to come alongside the oiler RFA Ebonol.

In January 1919, Collingwood was transferred to Devonport and assigned to the Reserve Fleet. Upon the dissolution of the Grand Fleet on 18 March, the Reserve Fleet was redesignated the Third Fleet and Collingwood became its flagship. She became a tender to HMS Vivid on 1 October and served as a gunnery and wireless telegraphy (W/T) training ship. The W/T school was transferred to Glorious on 1 June 1920 and the gunnery duties followed in early August; Collingwood returned to the reserve. She became a boys' training ship on 22 September 1921 until she was paid off on 31 March 1922. Collingwood was sold to John Cashmore Ltd for scrap on 12 December and arrived at Newport, Wales, on 3 March 1923 to be broken up.

Relics
Battle ensigns flown by the ship during Jutland survive at the shore establishment of the same name and at the Roedean School in East Sussex.

Footnotes

Citations

Bibliography

External links

 Maritimequest HMS Collingwood Photo Gallery
 Battle of Jutland Crew Lists Project - HMS Collingwood Crew List

St. Vincent-class battleships
World War I battleships of the United Kingdom
1908 ships
Ships built in Plymouth, Devon

HMS Collingwood (1908)


Tutankamonovo prokletstvo, poznato i kao prokletstvo faraona, prokletstvo koje je, tobože, bačeno na sve one koje budu uznemiravali vječna počivališta faraona ili u konkretnom slučaju, jedno od takvih prokletstava koje se nalazilo na ulazu u grobnicu faraona Tutankamona (o. 1332.-1323. pr. Kr.) iz 18. dinastije. Nakon otvaranja Tutanhkamonove grobnice, uslijedilo je nekoliko smrti članova arheološke ekspedicije i njenih donatora, što je navelo medije na širenje senzacionalističke priče o prokletstvu faraona.

Otvaranje Tutankhamonove grobnice

Dana 26. studenog 1922. britanski arheolog Howard Carter (1873.-1939.) i njegov pokrovitelj George Herbert, grof Carnarvona (1866.-1923.) otkrili su, među ruševina u Dolini kraljeva, nedaleko od Luksora, pijeskom zatrpane stepenice koje su vodile u grobnicu tada gotovo nepoznatog faraona Tutankamona iz 18. dinastije, staru više od 3000 godina. Druga pogrebna komora bila je u potpunosti zapečaćena i netaknuta. Otvorena je po prvi put poslije nekoliko tisućljeća, 16. veljače 1923. godine i u njoj je otkriveno veliko blago, uključujući faraonov grob s više lijesova od zlata i posmrtnom zlatnom maskom te još mnoštvo vrijednih predmeta ukrašenih zlatom i draguljima.

Iznad Tutankamonova sarkofaga navodno je stajao natpis drevne kletve kojom se upozoravalo i proklinjalo svakoga tko bi se usudio otvoriti sarkofag i uznemiriti faraonov vječni mir (Smrt će snaći one koji ometaju faraonov san), što je bio uobičajan pokušaj zaštite kraljevskih grobnica od učestalih pljačkanja. Uskoro nakon toga pokrenuo se niz događaja kojima su pojedinci i mediji tražili i pripisali neko dublje značenje. Istog dana kada je bila otvorena Tutankhamonova grobnica, egipatska kobra, simbol i zaštitnica faraona, pojela je Carterovog karnarinca. Nekoliko mjeseci kasnije umro je glavni pokrovitelj istraživanja, lord Carnarvon, a njegov je pas u Engleskoj u tom trenutku počeo zavijati i zatim je uginuo. Tri dana poslije Carnarvonove smrti, umro je i Arthur Mace, jedan od voditelja tima. Zatim je umro George Gold, koji je došao u Egipat razgledati grobnicu. Odmah sutradan je dobio visoku temperaturu i umro. Poslije su slijedili i drugi naoko bizarni i tajanstveni slučajevi smrti povezani s ljudima koji su doli u kontakt s Tutankhamonovom grobnicom, što je izazvalo medijsku pažnju i senzaciju, a kod pojedinaca i strah od tzv. faraonovog prokletstva.

Većina stručnjaka odbacuje kao potpuno neutemeljenu tezu da se tu radi o bilo kakvom prokletstvu, već zaključuju da sve smrti imaju prirodan ili lako objašnjiv uzrok. Osim toga, sam pronalazač grobnice, Howard Carter umro je nekih 17 godina nakon otkrića grobnice što također demantira tvrdnje kako se tu radilo o nekakvom prokletstvu.

Smrti pripisane Tutankhamonovu prokletstvu

U roku od šest tjedana od otvaranja Tutankamonove grobnice 1922. godine, umrlo je dvanaestero ljudi iz istraživačke ekspedicije.
 George Herbert, grof Carnarvona (1866.-1923.) - umro je poslije infekcije rane nastale rezom oštrice na mjestu ugriza komarca.
 George Jay Gould (1864.-1923.) - posjetio je grobnicu i uskoro umro od groznice i visoke temperature
 pukovnik Aubrey Herbert (1880.-1923.) - Carnarvonov polubrat; umro je od infekcije zubiju
 Sir Archibald Douglas-Reid (1871.-1924.) - radiolog koji je snimio Tutankamonovu mumiju, razbolio se dan nakon što je ušao u grobnicu i uskoro je umro od tajanstvene bolesti
 Hugh Evelyn-White (1884.-1924.) - arheolog koji je posjetio Tutankamonovu grobnicu radi planiranja preseljenja stvari u muzej, objesio se uskoro nakon toga, a za razlog samoubojstva naveo je Tutankamonovo prokletstvo
 Arthur Cruttenden Mace (1874.-1928.) - član Carterove ekspedicije, imao je zadnjih godina života ozbiljne zdravstvene probleme i umro je od upale pluća
 kapetan Richard Bethell (1883.-1929.) - umro je od posljedica gušenja
 Howard Carter (1873.-1939.) - voditelj istraživanja Tutankamonove grobnice; iako je umro sedamnaest godina nakon otkrića grobnice u dobi od 64. godine, neki njegovu smrt svejedno pripisuju faraonskoj kletvi

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Kako je počela priča o prokletstvu Tutankamonove grobnice - nacional.hr
 Prokletstvo Tutankamonove grobnice – što stoji iza mita? - znanstvenapanorama.wordpress.com
 Tutankhamonovo prokletstvo? - historytoday.com
 - Prokleststvo mumije - nationalgeographic.com
 Prokletstvo kralja Tuta, činjenice i priče - livescience.com
 Je li prokletstvo kralja Tuta stvarno? - history.com
Urbane legende
Praznovjerje
Faraoni
Arheologija
Prokletstva

Tutankamonovo prokletstvo


Loredana Bogliun, istriotska književnica iz Hrvatske. Stvarala je na vodnjanskom dijalektu istriotskog jezika.

Izvori

Vodnjan
Istriotski jezik
Hrvatski umjetnici
Književnici

Loredana Bogliun


Elisa Parron, née le  en Suisse, est une photographe suisse.

Elle est connue pour avoir pris en photo des célébrités dans le domaine du sport et de la musique telles que MHD, 1995, Nekfeu, Booba, Kylian Mbappé, Zlatan Ibrahimović, Neymar ou encore Lionel Messi.

Biographie

Enfance et formation
Parron naît le  en Suisse. Elle est originaire de Lausanne.

Elle fait une école d'art, l'Ecole supérieure d'arts appliqués de Vevey avant d'abandonner après 3 mois. Elle décide de s'installer à Paris.

Carrière
Elle commence à travailler pour le PSG, en tant que photographe des joueurs en 2013.

Elle est connue pour avoir pris en photo des célébrités dans le domaine du sport et de la musique telles que MHD, 1995, Nekfeu, Booba, Kylian Mbappé, Zlatan Ibrahimović, Neymar ou encore Lionel Messi.

Publication de Numéro 10
En 2021, Elisa Parron sort son premier livre photographique en collaboration avec Sarah Naud, intitulé Numéro 10, qui regroupe neuf années d'archives et nous fait découvrir de l'intérieur les milieux du rap et du football. Le titre du livre fait référence au foot et à la musique. En général, 10, est le numéro du joueur vedette sur le terrain, mais c'est aussi une métaphore utilisée par les rappeurs, pour affirmer un statut de leader.

Vie privée
Son père est espagnol.

Le 15 juillet 2022, elle est demandée en mariage sur scène (lors des Vieilles Charrues) par Rilès.

Expositions

 Exposition Elisa Parron - Numero 10, Initial LABO, 2021

Notes et références

Liens externes

Femme photographe suisse
Naissance en mars 1994
Naissance à Lausanne
Personnalité suisse née d'un parent espagnol

Elisa Parron


El cabezón turero, chaboclo turero, cabezón negro,  capitán turero o barbudo negrimanchado (Capito niger) es una especie de ave piciforme de la familia Capitonidae que vive en el norte de Sudamérica. Solo se reconoce una subespecie, aunque en el pasado se consideró al cabezón dorado una subespecie del cabezón turero.

Distribución y hábitat

Se encuentra en las selvas húmedas del norte de Brasil, la Guayana francesa, Guyana, Surinam y Venezuela.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Fotos y vídeos del cabezón turero en Internet Bird Collection.
Galería de fotos en VIREO, Foto en alta resolución
Foto macho resolución media
Foto hembra alta resolución

Niger
Aves de América del Sur
Animales descritos en 1776
Taxones descritos por Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller

Capito niger


Die 30. Bayerischen Theatertage fanden vom 11. bis 27. Mai 2012 in Augsburg unter dem Motto Morgen Augsburg statt. Die Fuggerstadt war damit zum zweiten Mal nach 1985 Gastgeber der Bayerischen Theatertage, des größten bayerischen Theaterfestivals des Jahres.

Programm
In einem Zeitraum von 17 Tagen waren bei den Bayerischen Theatertagen 2012 unter dem Motto "Morgen Augsburg" fast 60 Stücke an vier Spielstätten zu sehen. 35 Ensembles führten Stücke verschiedenster Art auf, darunter Klassiker wie Die Räuber von Friedrich Schiller oder Effi Briest von Theodor Fontane, aber auch moderne Stücke wie Nichts: Was im Leben wichtig ist von Janne Teller. Insgesamt kamen über 16.000 Besucher zu den Aufführungen.

Für die Aufführungen der Bayerischen Theatertage 2012 wurden vier Spielstätten in Augsburg genutzt: Das Große Haus, der hoffmannkeller und die temporär errichtete "brechtbühne" des Theaters Augsburg sowie das Staatliche Textil- und Industriemuseum (tim).

Bühnen und Stücke
 Theater Augsburg
 11. Mai 2012: Die Räuber (Großes Haus)
 17. Mai 2012: We are Camera/Jasonmaterial (tim)
 Landestheater Dinkelsbühl
 11. Mai 2012: Effi Briest (brechtbühne)
 Theater Hof
 12. Mai 2012: Comedian Harmonists 2 (Großes Haus)
 das theater erlangen
 12. Mai 2012: Titus (brechtbühne)
 15. Mai 2012: Warten auf Godot (Großes Haus)
 E.T.A.-Hoffmann-Theater Bamberg
 12. Mai 2012: Clyde und Bonnie (hoffmannkeller)
 13. Mai 2012: Woyzeck (brechtbühne)
 12. Mai 2012: Die Eisbären (tim)
 Bayerische Staatsoper München
 13. Mai 2012: Sigurd, der Drachentöter (Großes Haus)
 Volkstheater München
 13. Mai 2012: Bluthochzeit
 AuGuSTheater Neu-Ulm
 13. Mai 2012: Willis wilde Weiber
 Ballett Augsburg
 13. Mai 2012: Premiere Young Choreographs (Ballettsaal Großes Haus)
 16. Mai 2012: Young Choreographs (tim)
 17. Mai 2012: Young Choreographs (Ballettsaal Großes Haus)
 Metropoltheater München
 14. Mai 2012: Merlin oder Das wüste Land (Großes Haus)
 Fränkisches Theater Schloss Maßbach
 14. Mai 2012: Von Mäusen und Menschen (brechtbühne)
 16. Mai 2012: Wir alle für immer zusammen (brechtbühne)
 Gostner Hoftheater Nürnberg
 14. Mai 2012: Fundament (tim)
 Theater Ingolstadt
 15. Mai 2012: Nichts. Was im Leben wichtig ist (brechtbühne)
 16. Mai 2012: Winterreise (Großes Haus)
 Landestheater Coburg
 15. Mai 2012: Just in Case (tim)
 Landestheater Oberpfalz Leuchtenberg
 16. Mai 2012: 3165 – Monolog eines Henkers (hoffmannkeller)
 Hunger&Seide München
 16. Mai 2012: Bumm! Der Ernstfall
 Theater Regensburg
 17. Mai 2012: Eisenstein (Großes Haus)
 Landestheater Niederbayern
 17. Mai 2012: Enron (brechtbühne)
 Schauburg – Theater der Jugend München
 18. Mai 2012: Fahrenheit 451 (Großes Haus)
 Otto-Falckenberg-Schule München
 18. Mai 2012: Die Vögel (brechtbühne)
 Landestheater Schwaben Memmingen
 18. Mai 2012: Zu jung zu alt zu deutsch (tim)
 Theater Ansbach
 Because We Care, Augsburg
 Theater EUKITEA, Augsburg
 Stadttheater Fürth
 kleines theater – Kammerspiele Landshut
 Bayerische Theaterakademie August Everding, München
 Komödie im Bayerischen Hof, München
 Münchner Kammerspiele
 Residenztheater, München
 Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz München
 Das Papiertheater, Nürnberg
 Staatstheater Nürnberg
 Theater Pfütze, Nürnberg
 Theater Wasserburg
 Mainfranken Theater Würzburg

Auszeichnungen

Besondere künstlerische Leistungen
 Ausstattung: Annett Segerer und Uwe Bertram (Theater Wasserburg)
 Ensembleleistung: "Eisenstein" (Theater Regensburg)
 Kinder- und Jugendtheaterproduktion: "Clyde und Bonnie" (E.T.A.-Hoffmann-Theater, Bamberg)
 Nachwuchsdarsteller: Robert Naumann (das theater erlangen)
 Produktion: "Woyzeck" (Staatstheater Nürnberg)
 Projekt: "Ich verspeise Himmel" (Stadttheater Fürth)

Förderpreis
 Milos Lolic für "Bluthochzeit" (Münchner Volkstheater)

Publikumspreis
 "Oskar und die Dame in Rosa" (kleines theater – Kammerspiele Landshut)

Weblinks
 Bayerische Theatertage Offizielle Homepage (Inhalt und Aufmachung wechseln jährlich)

Einzelnachweise

30
Kultur (Augsburg)
Veranstaltung in Augsburg
Veranstaltung 2012

30. Bayerische Theatertage Augsburg 2012


Şeyhhüseyin, Sinop ilinin Dikmen ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1925 yılı kayıtlarında Yortan olarak geçmektedir. Daha önceleri Gerze ilçesi Dikmen bucağına bağlıyken, 20 Mayıs 1990'da kurulan Dikmen ilçesine bağlandı.

Coğrafya
Köy, Sinop il merkezine 81 km, Dikmen ilçe merkezine 8 km uzaklıktadır. Köye bağlı Kadı mahallesi Arpalık mevkiinde bir nekropol bulunur.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Dikmen belde ve köyleri

Şeyhhüseyin


Die Dicke Linde, auch tausendjährige Linde genannt, ist ein geschütztes Naturdenkmal (ND-HI 099) in Upstedt, einem Stadtteil von Bockenem im Landkreis Hildesheim in Südniedersachsen.

Die Linde ist seit Jahrhunderten Wahrzeichen und Mittelpunkt des Dorfes und hat auch im Wappen des Dorfes ihren Platz gefunden.

Geschichte
Die tausendjährige Linde steht auf dem Versammlungsplatz des Dorfes, dem Thie. Es handelt sich dabei vermutlich um eine Marienlinde, die zur Einführung des Christentums gepflanzt und der Mutter Maria geweiht wurde – sie steht in der Nähe der Kirche.

Urkundlich erwähnt wurde die Linde zum ersten Mal um das Jahr 1100. In den Jahrhunderten danach hatte sie einiges zu überstehen: Während der Hildesheimer Stiftsfehde (1519–1523) wurde das ganze Dorf niedergebrannt. Zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts, im Jahr 1908, zündeten spielende Kinder im hohlen Stamm des Baumes trockenes Holz und Stroh an. Die Feuerwehr konnte den Brand nur mit Mühe löschen. Im Jahr 1973 verlor die Linde bei einem großen Sturm alle Äste; im Jahr darauf trieb sie aber schon wieder aus.

Siehe auch
 Liste markanter und alter Baumexemplare in Deutschland
 Tanzlinde (Effeltrich)
 Edignalinde
 Kaiser-Lothar-Linde

Literatur
 Hans Joachim Fröhlich: Wege zu alten Bäumen. WDV Wirtschaftsdienst, Frankfurt am Main, Band 5 – Niedersachsen (o. J.), ISBN 3-926181-20-6

Weblinks

 http://www.na-tour-denkmal.de/baumveteranen/86-juni-2010-linde-von-upstedt.html
 http://www.tedac.de/ext/altebaeume/UpsteLi.html
 http://www.baum-natur.eu/23_niedersachsen_1.htm
 http://augenblickeeingefangen.npage.de/baeume/alte-baeume-1.html

Einzelnachweise

Einzelbaum in Niedersachsen
Naturdenkmal in Niedersachsen
Geographie (Bockenem)
Einzelbaum in Europa
Individuelle Linde oder Baumgruppe mit Linden

Dicke Linde


Campionatul Mondial al Cluburilor 2016 va fi cea de-a 13-a ediție a Campionatului Mondial al Cluburilor FIFA.

Turneul va fi găzduit de Japonia .

Echipe calificate

Stadioane și orașe

Arbitri officiali
 Arbitrii oficiali sunt:

Meciurile

Play-off

Sferturile de finală

Meci pentru locul cinci

Semifinale

Meci pentru locul trei

Finala
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Marcatori

1 autogol
 Ricardo Nascimento (Mamelodi Sundowns, pentru Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors)
 Miguel Samudio (América, pentru Atlético Nacional)

Clasament final

Referințe

2016
2016 în fotbal

Campionatul Mondial al Cluburilor FIFA 2016


Carol Gonzaga () (6 mai 1580 – 22 septembrie 1637) a fost Duce de Mantua și Montferrat din 1627 până la moartea sa. De asemenea, a fost Duce de Rethel și Nevers, precum și Prinț de Arches.

Biografie
Născut la Paris, el a fost fiul lui Louis Gonzaga, Duce de Nevers și a Henriettei de Cleves. A primit o solidă educație intelectuală și militară. La vârsta de treisprezece ani și și-a însoțit tatăl într-o ambasadă la Papa Clement al VIII-lea și a avut posibilitatea să viziteze curțile de la Roma, Florența și Mantua, unde s-a familiarizat cu domnia vărului său german, Vincenzo I.

În 1600, în calitate de duce de Rethel, a fondat, în Nevers, Ordinul panglicii galbene, în curând interzis de rege din cauza caracterului său ciudat.

A călătorit prin Europa, vizitând mai multe curți suverane instruindu-se în arta războiului: Flandra, Anglia, Olanda, Friesland, Hanovra, Danemarca, Pomerania, Brandenburg, Saxonia, Boemia, Polonia și Austria. El va participa în octombrie 1602 alături de trupele imperiale la un asediu în orașul  Buda, în Ungaria, asediu în care va fi rănit și care va încheia călătoria lui, acesta revenind în Franța. În timpul călătoriilor sale, la 24 iunie 1601, mama lui Carol a murit la Paris.

În 1606, în jurul vârstei de 26 de ani, el s-a decis să fondeze Charleville. Aproape 35 de ani de muncă vor fi necesari pentru a face un oraș demn de acest nume. Dar din anul 1608, el face acest oraș capitala principatului Arches.

La 26 decembrie 1627, are loc în Mantua căsătoria moștenitorului său, Carol (fiul cel mare Francis a murit în 1622), cu Maria, fiica lui Francesco al IV-lea Gonzaga, Duce de Mantua și nepoata Ducelui Vincenzo al II-lea. Nunta a fost planificată și organizată de ducele Vincenzo al II-lea, fără îndoială îngrijorat de problema succesiunii ducateloe de Mantua și Monferrato.

Copii

S-a căsătorit la 1 februarie 1599, la Soissonscu Caterina de Mayenne, fiica lui Carol, Duce de Mayenne și a Henriettei de Savoia. Ei au avut șase copii:

Francis Gonzaga, Duce de Rethel (1606–1622).
Carol Gonzaga, Duce de Nevers (1609 - 14 august 1631) moștenitorul său. S-a căsătorit cu Maria Gonzaga. Ei au fost părinții lui Eleanor de Mantua soția împăratului Ferdinand al III-lea și ai lui Carol al II-lea, Duce de Mantua.
Ferdinand Gonzaga, Duce de Mayenne (1610 - 25 mai 1632).
Marie Louise Gonzaga (18 august 1611 - 10 mai 1667). S-a căsătorit prima dată cu Władysław IV Vasa și a doua oară cu Jab Casimir Vasa.
Benedetta Gonzaga (1614 - 30 septembrie 1637).
Anne Marie Gonzaga (1616 - 6 iulie 1684). S-a căsătorit prima dată cu Henric al II-le, Duce de Guise și a doua oară cu Eduard, Conte Palatin de Simmern.

Nașteri în 1580
Decese în 1637
Duci de Mantua
Casa de Gonzaga
Oameni din Paris

Carol I, Duce de Mantua


Kaasikvälja ist ein Dorf (estnisch küla) in der Landgemeinde Kohtla (Kohtla vald). Es liegt im Kreis Ida-Viru (Ost-Wierland) im Nordosten Estlands.

Das Dorf hat 32 Einwohner (Stand 1. Januar 2010). Es liegt nordöstlich der Stadt Kohtla-Järve.

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Estland
Kohtla
Geographie (Toila)

Kaasikvälja


Eupolis (Atena, oko 445. pr. Kr. - ?, oko 410. pr. Kr.), starogrčki komediograf i jedan od poznatijih predstavnika starogrčke komedije.

Napisao je 17 komedija, od kojih su sačuvani samo fragmenti. Poznato je da se satirički odnosio prema suvremenicima i tadašnjim zbivanjima. Tako u komadu Atenske općine pokušava podići moral nakon poraza Atenjana na Siciliji, u Gradovima kritizira odnos spram pokorenih gradova, a u komediji Koze satirički opisuje tadašnju glazbu.

God. 421. komedijom Laskavci natjecao se s Aristofanovim komadom Mir i pobijedio.

Izvori

Starogrčki književnici
Komediografi

Eupolis


الحَمِيدَات قرية تقع بمعتمدية نصر الله بولاية القيروان من الوسط التونسي، وهي مركز .

حميدات

الحميدات