Op. 13 Atatürk Oratoryosu, Nevit Kodallı tarafından, Cahit Külebi'nin Atatürk Kurtuluş Savaşında adlı eserine dayandırılarak soprano, tenor, bariton, koro ve büyük orkestra için bestelenmiş bir destan oratoryosudur.

Cumhuriyet Dönemi'nin en önemli müzik yaratıları arasında yer alır.  Ankara Devlet Konservatuvarı'da edebiyat öğretmeni olan Külebi, öğrencisi Nevit Kodallı'nın isteği üzerine librettoyu 1950'de yazmış; Kodallı  Paris'te öğrencilik döneminin sonunda kendisine ulaşan metni bestelemeyi 1951 sonunda tamamlamıştır. İki sanatçı da eseri "Atatürk'e, birlikte savaşanlara ve çocuklarına" ithaf etmiştir.

Eser, ilk olarak 9 Kasım 1953'te Ankara Devlet Operası solistleri ve Hans Herner yönetimindeki Cumhurbaşkanlığı Senfoni Orkestrası tarafından Ankara'da seslendirilmiştir. Bu seslendirmenin tarihi, Atatürk'ün naaşının, Ankara Etnografya Müzesi'nden, Anıtkabir'e nakledilmesinden bir gün önceye denk gelmektedir. Oratoryo daha sonra pek çok Türk operası tarafından icra edilmiştir.

Konusu
Konusu I. Dünya Savaşı'nın hemen bitiminde büyük yabancı güçlerin Türkiye'yi istilası ile başlar. Atatürk'ün önderliği ve kumandası altında milletçe Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı'nın kazanılması, istilacı güçlerin ülkeden kovulması, Yeni Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kurulması ve çağdaşlaşması anlatılır.

Epilog ve Prolog ile birlikte 13 parçadan oluşur. Prolog, Türkiye'nin güzelliklerini dile getirir ve derin bir yurt sevgisini anlatır. II. ve III. Parçada I. Dünya Savaşı sonu yurdun bitkin hali, düşmanlarca her yerinin istilası ve acılar dile getirilir. IV. parça halkın kendilerini kurtarması için padişahlara seslenişidir. V. Parça halkın Çanakkale Savaşı zaferlerinin galip kumandanı Mustafa Kemal Paşa'ya kendilerini kurtarması için türkülerle seslenişidir. Kuşun kanadında türküler Kemal Paşa'nın gönlüne varır. VI. Parça, İstiklal Savaşı'nı başlatmak üzere Samsun'a çıkış, coşkuyla karşılanma anlatılır. VII. parça, Sivas ve Erzurum kongreleri ile Kurtuluş Savaşı'nın başlamasını anlatır. VIII. parça, ulusun kendine ve Kemal Paşa'ya güvenini yansıtan bir yiğitlemedir. IX. parça, Birinci ve İkinci İnönü Meydan savaşlarını dile getirir. X. parça, Türk ordularının savaştaki yüksek moralini, kahramanlıklarını anlatır. XI. parça, Büyük Taarruz ile başlayan Büyük Meydan Savaşı sonucu zafere kavuşmayı, yurdun kurtuluşunu dile getirir. XII. parça, Atatürk'e duyulan şükran ve  devrimlerle Türk milletinin yükselişini anlatır. XIII. parça (Epilog), Türk ulusunun her an her yerde onu hatırladığını, sonsuza dek yaşayacağını anlatır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
1953 Ankara Devlet Opera ve Balesi Atatürk Oratoryosu Kataloğu, Devlet Opera ve Balesi arşivi, Erişim tarihi:18.12.2014

Oratoryolar

Atatürk Oratoryosu


Ahajska Kneževina ili Kneževina Ahaja, poznata i kao Morejska kneževina (fr. Principauté d'Achaïe, grč. Πριγκιπάτο της Αχαΐας), križarska država osnovana na Peleponezu po završetku Četvrtog križarskog rata za vrijeme kojeg je 1204. godine osvojen Carigrad i srušeno Bizantsko Carstvo.

Povijest

Poslije pada Carigrada 1204. godine stvorena je nekolicina križarskih država od kojih je glavna bila Latinsko Carstvo sa središtem u Carigradu. Pripadnik križarske vojske, vitez Vilim I. od Champlittea dobio je 1205. godine u vlast novoutemeljenu Ahajsku kneževinu koja se formirala na prostoru Peloponeza. Država je bila u vazalnom odnosu prema Solunskom Kraljevstvu Bonifacija Montferratskog, koji je također bio vazal latinskog cara Balduina.

Vilim I. je umro već 1209. godine, a naslijedio ga je sudrug Đefri I. od Villehardouina. Kneževina je doživjela svoj vrhunac za vladavine kneza Vilima II. od Villehardouina (1246.-1278.) koji je izgradio niz utvrđenja, uključujući Mistras, Maine i Monemvasiju. Godine 1259. porazio ga je i zarobio nicejski i bizantski car Mihael VIII. Paleolog u bitci kod Pelagonije, koji je tim uspjehom ponovno uspostavio bizantska uporišta na Peloponezu.

Godine 1267. Ahajska kneževina postala je vazal Kraljevine Sicilije, a nakon smrti kneza Vilima II. 1278. godine, budući knezovi su rijetko, ako ikada posjećivali svoju kneževinu te su njome uglavnom nominalno upravljali.

Popis ahajskih knezova

 Vilim I. od Champlittea (1205.-1209.)
 Đefri I. od Villehardouina (1209.-1226./31.)
 Đefri II. od Villehardouina (1226./31.-1246.)
 Vilim II. od Villehardouina (1246.-1278.)
 Karlo I. Anžuvinac (1278.-1285.)
 Karlo II. Anžuvinac (1285.-1289.)
 Izabela od Villehardouina (1289.-1301.)
 Filip I. Savojski (1301.-1307.)
 Filip II. Tarantski (1307.-1313.)
 Luj Burgundski (1313.-1316.)
 Mahaut od Hainauta (1316.-1321.)
 Ivan od Gravina (1322.-1333.)
 Robert Tarantski (1333.-1364.)
 Filip III. Tarantski (1364.-1373.)
 Ivana I. Napuljska (1373.-1381.)
 Jakov od Bauxa (1381.-1383.)
interregnum (1383.-1396.)
 Petar de San Superano (1396.-1402.)
 Marija II. Zaccaria (1402.-1404.)
 Centurion II. Zaccaria (1404.-1430.)

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Kneževina Ahaja - thebyzantinelegacy.com/achaia
 Ahajska kneževina - hellenicaworld.com
 Ahajska kneževina - /www.worldhistory.biz

Bivše države
Bizant
Križarski ratovi
Križarske države

Ahajska Kneževina


Øksna Station (Øksna stasjon) var en jernbanestation på Rørosbanen, der lå i Elverum kommune i Norge.

Stationen åbnede 23. oktober 1871, da banen blev forlænget fra Grundset til Rena. Oprindeligt hed den Øxna, men den skiftede navn til Øksna 27. april 1894. Den blev nedgraderet til trinbræt 22. maj 1966. Den almindelige betjening med persontog ophørte 2. juni 1985, men der var fortsat stop for et tog om dagen i hver retning for skoleelever indtil 8. juni 1997.

Stationsbygningen, der var af Hvalstad-typen, blev opført til åbningen i 1871 efter tegninger af Georg Andreas Bull. Den blev revet ned i 1966. Stationen har desuden haft udhus, pakhus og vandtårn.

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger

Stationer på Rørosbanen
Jernbanestationer i Norge uden persontrafik
Etableret i 1871
Jernbanestationer i Hedmark

Øksna Station


سليمان بن عبد الله الجمهور ( 1957م - 16 يونيو 2021 ). صحافي وكاتب سعودي من مواليد مدينة الرياض.

حياته
كتب في عدد من الصحف السعودية، وصدر له كتاب (فلسطين في قلوب السعوديين) ويعتبر من أشهر الصحفيين في المملكة العربية السعودي، حيث عمل في صحيفة عكاظ ومن ثم مسئول التحرير في صحيفة الرياضية، مدير مكتب صحيفة الرياضي في مدينة الرياض، ومستشار  التحرير في صحيفة شمس سابقاً ويصدر له بشكل اسبوعي مقال في صحيفة الحياة وعضو شرف في نادي النصر السعودي
كما عمل في مصلحة الجمارك ووزارة الثقافة والإعلام «مدير إدارة المكاتب الإعلامية» ومثل الوزارة في عدد من المؤتمرات والمنتديات الداخلية والخارجية.

وفاته
توفي بعد صراع مع المرض؛ حيث تدهورت حالته الصحية  قبل عدة أشهر من وفاته، كتب على حسابه بموقع «تويتر» تغريده قال فيها: «يارب مع طلوع فجر جديد من هذا اليوم المبارك، أُشهدك أني قد سامحت وعفوت عن كل من اغتابني أو شتمني أو آذاني أو نال مني أو أساء لي  أو اعتقد خطأ أنني قد أسأت له آو علمت ضده، كان سراً أو علانيةً اللهم إني عفوت عنه وأوكلت أمرنا لله جل وعلا، اسأل الله أن يعفو عنا جميعاً».

وقال الأمير فيصل بن تركي عبر حسابه على موقع «تويتر»: «اللهم ارحمه واغفر له وأسكنه فسيح جناتك، سليمان الجمهور في ذمة الله». بينما قال رئيس نادي النصر، مسلي آل معمر، عبر حسابه الرسمي على تويتر: « رحمة الله عليك يا أبافهد من أنقى وأنزه وأحرف الصحافيين الذين عرفتهم .. تعازينا لأهله وأصدقائه ومحبيه. إنا لله وإنا إليه راجعون، سليمان الجمهور في ذمة الله».

مراجع

صحفيون سعوديون

سليمان الجمهور


Film türleri, bir sinema filmindeki anlatı unsurları, estetik yaklaşım veya filme verilen duygusal tepkideki benzerliklere dayanan stilistik veya tematik bir kategoridir.

Konularına göre
 Aksiyon filmi
Casus filmi
Dövüş filmi
Felaket filmi
 Belgesel film
Doğa filmi
Gezi filmi
Yarı belgesel film
 Bilimkurgu filmi
Alternatif tarih filmi
Askerî bilimkurgu filmi
Bilimkurgu-aksiyon filmi
Bilimkurgu-macera filmi
Kıyamet sonrası bilimkurgusu filmi
Steampunk filmi
Uzay operası filmi
 Dini film
 Dramatik film
Erotik dram filmi
Melodram filmi
Politik dram filmi
Tarihi dram filmi
Trajedi filmi
 Eğitim filmi
 Erotik film
 Fantastik film
Masal filmi
Mitolojik film
Süper kahraman filmi
Tarihsel fantezi filmi
 Gerilim filmi
Aksiyon-gerilim filmi
Erotik gerilim filmi
Politik gerilim filmi
Psikolojik gerilim filmi
 Komedi filmi
Absürt komedi filmi
Aksiyon komedisi filmi
Askeri komedi filmi
Bilimkurgu-komedi filmi
Dini komedi filmi
Fantastik komedi filmi
Kaba komedi filmi
Kara mizah filmi
Karakter komedisi filmi
Komedi-drama filmi
Korku komedisi film
Müzikal komedi filmi
Parodi filmi
Politik komedi filmi
Romantik komedi filmi
Seks komedisi filmi
Western komedisi filmi
Yanlışlıklar komedisi filmi
Zombi komedisi filmi
 Korku filmi
Bilimkurgu-korku filmi
Biyolojik korku filmi
Büyücü filmi
Cadı filmi
Canavar filmi
Cin filmi
Çin korku filmi
Doğal korku filmi
Doğaüstü film
Erotik korku filmi
Frankenstein filmi
Golem filmi
Gotik film
Hayalet filmi
Japon korku filmi
Kore korku filmi
Kurt adam filmi
Lovecraftvari korku filmi
Mumya filmi
Perili ev filmi
Psikolojik korku filmi
Slasher filmi
Şeytan filmi
Vampir filmi
Yamyamlık filmi
Yaratık filmi
Zombi filmi
 Macera filmi
Korsan filmi
 Müzik filmi
 Müzikal film
 Politik film
 Pornografik film
Hardcore porno
Softcore porno
 Propaganda filmi
 Romantik film
Romantik dram filmi
Romantik gerilim filmi
Romantik macera filmi
 Savaş filmi
 Spor filmi
 Suç filmi
Gizemli film
Kara film
Mafya filmi
Polisiye film
 Tarihi film
 Western filmi
Acid Western filmi
Avrupa Western filmi
Bilimkurgu-Western filmi
Çağdaş Western filmi
Epik Western filmi
Kızıl Western filmi
Klasik Western filmi
Köri Western filmi
Kuzey Western filmi
Müzikal Western filmi
Revizyonist Western filmi
Romantik Western filmi
Spagetti Western filmi
Yeşilçam Western filmi
 Yaşam öyküsel film

İzleyicilerine göre

 Aile filmi
 Çocuk filmi
 Genç filmi
 Kadın filmi
 LGBT filmleri
Lezbiyen filmi
Gey filmi
Biseksüel filmi
Trans filmi

Formatlarına ya da üretimlerine göre
 Animasyon film
 B filmi
 Bağımsız film
 Dizi film
 Düşük bütçeli film
 Kısa film
 Kült film
 Renkli film
 Sanat filmi
 Sesli film
 Sessiz film
 Siyah beyaz film
 TV filmi
 Uzun metraj
 Üç boyutlu film
 Yeraltı sineması
 Yüksek bütçeli film

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
All Movie: Movie Genres and Subgenres
IMDB: Genre
Sinematürk: SineBul

Sinema teorisi
Tarzlar

Film türü


Borsec () es una ciudad de Rumania en el distrito de Harghita.

Geografía

Se encuentra a una altitud de 803  a 380 km de la capital, Bucarest.

Demografía
Según estimación 2012 contaba con una población de 2 736 habitantes. La mayoría es de origen húngaro.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth.

Localidades del distrito de Harghita

Borsec


Čemerika (lat. Veratrum; sin. Melanthium  L., nom. rej.), rod od trideset vrsta ljekovitog bilja iz porodice Melanthiaceae. U Hrvatskoj su poznate crna, bijela i gorska čemerika.

Cijela biljka je jako otrovna (osobito za srce), oštrog i gorkog okusa. Stabljika naraste do visine od jedan i pol metar, listovi su joj kožasti, debeli, uzdužno izrezbareni i bez peteljke.
Voli vlažne planinske livade, i često se vidi u društvu s mrazovcem (Colchicum).

Podanak je dug nekoliko centimetara, i iz njega izbijaju korjenčići dugi do 10 cm. Prašina suhog lišća koja se dodaje burmutu izaziva kihanje, pa se bijelia čemerika naziva i kihavac, kihavka.

Korijen je otrovan, ali i ljekovit.

Vrste

 Veratrum albiflorum Tolm.
 Veratrum album L.
 Veratrum anticleoides (Trautv. & C.A.Mey.) Takeda & Miyake
 Veratrum californicum Durand
 Veratrum dahuricum (Turcz.) O.Loes.
 Veratrum dolichopetalum O.Loes.
 Veratrum fimbriatum A.Gray
 Veratrum formosanum O.Loes.
 Veratrum grandiflorum (Maxim. ex Miq.) O.Loes.
 Veratrum insolitum Jeps.
 Veratrum lobelianum Bernh.
 Veratrum longebracteatum Takeda
 Veratrum maackii Regel
 Veratrum maximum (Nakai) M.N.Tamura & N.S.Lee
 Veratrum mengtzeanum O.Loes.
 Veratrum micranthum F.T.Wang & Tang
 Veratrum nigrum L.
 Veratrum oblongum O.Loes.
 Veratrum oxysepalum Turcz.
 Veratrum schindleri O.Loes.
 Veratrum shanense W.W.Sm.
 Veratrum stamineum Maxim.
 Veratrum taliense O.Loes.
 Veratrum × tonussii Poldini
 Veratrum versicolor Nakai
 Veratrum viride Aiton

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Čemerikovke
Otrovne biljke
Sveto i magijsko bilje

Čemerika


John Edward Mack (New York City, New York, 4. listopada 1929. – London, 27. rujna 2004.), američki Psihijatar, pisac, profesor i šef odsjeka Harvardske medicinske škole te ufologija, koji se osobito bavio proučavanjem fenomena izvanzemaljskih otmica. Godine 1977. dobio je Pulitzerovu nagradu za biografsko djelo o T. E. Lawrenceu, pod naslovom Princ našeg poremećaja.

Više školovanje je započeo na koledžu Oberlin, poslije čega je 1951. godine upisao Harvardsku medicinsku školu, gdje je doktorirao 1955. godine. Po završetku školovanja, odradio je stažiranje u glavnoj bolnici Massachusets te je ujedno završio psihijatrijski trening u Centru za mentalno zdravlje Massachusetts (MMHC). U razdoblju od 1959. do 1961. godine služio je, kao bolničar u Japanu, u Američkom ratnom zrakoplovstvu te je stekao čin satnika.

Godine 1994. napisao je i izdao djelo Otmice: Susreti ljudi s izvanzemaljcima, koje je napisao na temelju svog istraživanja izvanzemaljskih otmica, što je započeo 1990. godine. U svom istraživanju poslužio se hipnotiziranjem navodnih žrtava otmica, kako bi im vratio sjećanje na te događaje, zbog čega je bio izložen kritici onih koji su tvrdili da su takva sjećanja nepouzdana. Dr. Mack je odbacivao takve kritike, vjerujući da svjedočenja njegovih pacijenata nisu posljedica mentalne bolesti, paralize sna, napadaja ili snova i noćnih mora.

Zaprijetio mu je otkaz na medicinskoj školi Harvadr, poslije objavljivanja knjige o izvanzemaljskih otmicama, ali je odbor koji je odlučivao o njegovom statusu naposljetku zaključio da dr. Mack ima pravo pisati o bilo kakvim temama, ako se drži "racionalnih i znanstvenih metoda".

Godine 1999. napisao je novu knjigu Putovnica za svemir: ljudska transformacija i susreti s izvanzemaljcima.

Poginuo je u automobilskoj nesreći, nedugo prije svog 75-og rođendana.

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 John E. Mack - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
 John E. Mack - news.harvard.edu

Životopisi, SAD
Američki psihijatri
Parapsiholozi
Ufolozi

John E. Mack


Un portret fantezist este un portret al unui personaj real sau literar care are forma unui portret convențional, dar este definit de faptul că descrierea personajului derivă mai degrabă din imaginația artistului decât din orice înregistrare autentică a aspectului persoanei. În traducerea Dictionnaire philosophique a lui J. Hunt și H. Hunt, Voltaire descrie portretul fantezist ca fiind "un portret care nu a fost realizat după nici un model".

Deși portretele create din imaginația personajelor istorice au existat încă din antichitate, termenul a intrat în uz în secolul al XIX-lea, când "portretele" personajelor literare au devenit populare și au fost reproduse pe scară largă sub formă de gravuri. De asemenea, a fost utilizată în mod obișnuit la personaje umoristice și mai târziu la fotografii în care subiecții adoptă personaje imaginare.

Referințe

Fotografie după gen
Pictură
Genuri artistice

Portret fantezist


Die Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen (lat. Congregatio Mariae Reginae Immaculatae, "Kongregation Mariens, der Unbefleckten Königin", Ordenskürzel CMRI) ist eine Ordensgemeinschaft, die sich der Förderung der Botschaft der Muttergottes von Fátima und der Verehrung der Jungfrau Maria nach den Lehren des heiligen Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort widmet, den sie als ihren geistigen Begründer ansieht. Früher nannte sich die Kongregation auch Fatima Crusaders oder Oblates of Mary Immaculate Queen. Die sedisvakantistische Gemeinschaft gehört nicht zur römisch-katholischen Kirche, da sie davon ausgeht, dass es zurzeit keinen rechtmäßigen Papst gebe, sondern der Stuhl Petri verwaist sei.

Geschichte

Francis Schuckardt
Die Kongregation wurde 1967 in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, von Francis Schuckardt mit Hilfe von Denis Chicoine und der Erlaubnis des Bischofs von Boise, Sylvester Treinen, gegründet. Schuckardt hatte dabei die Gründung einer Kongregation für Männer und Frauen im Sinn.

Mit der Umsetzung der Reformen des Zweiten Vatikanischen Konzils kamen Schuckhardt und die Kongregation zu dem Schluss, Papst Paul VI. gelte nicht als rechtmäßiger Inhaber des heiligen Stuhles, weswegen sie die Sakramente nur von Priestern empfingen, die diese Ansicht teilten. In den frühen 1970er Jahren wurde Schuckhardt von Daniel F. Brown, einem Bischof der altkatholischen Kirche, zum Bischof geweiht. Brown schloss sich später ebenfalls der Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen an.

In den späten 1970er Jahren erwarb die CMRI das ehemalige Jesuiten-Scholastikat auf dem Mount Saint Michael in Spokane, Washington, das zum Zentrum der Gemeinschaft wurde.

Im Jahre 1984 wurde Schuckardt von Chicoine öffentlich des Drogenmissbrauchs, der Unmoral und persönlicher sowie finanzieller und organisatorischer Misswirtschaft beschuldigt. Im Juni 1984 schloss Chicoine Schuckardt aus der Gemeinschaft aus.

Post-Schuckardt-Ära
Im Herbst 1984 suchten die Priester einen Bischof, der für die Kongregation Priester weiht und fand ihn in Bischof George Musey von Galveston, Texas, dessen bischöflicher Weihelinie auf Erzbischof Pierre Martin Ngô Đình Thục zurückverfolgt werden kann. Am 23. April 1985 erklärten drei der vier verbliebenen Priester "öffentlich und formell" eine "Abschwörung von ihren Fehlern und legten ein Glaubensbekenntnis ad cautelam" vor Bischof Musey ab. Bischof Musey nahm danach erneute Weihen sub conditionem vor, obwohl er öffentlich erklärte, er habe persönlich keine Zweifel an der Gültigkeit ihrer früheren Weihen.

Im Jahr 1986 hielt die CMRI ihr erstes Generalkapitel und errichtete dabei formelle Regeln und Konstitutionen. Im gleichen Jahr wurde die Regel von Bischof Robert F. McKenna, OP, dessen bischöflicher Linie ebenfalls auf Erzbischof Thuc zurückgeht, genehmigt.

Im Jahr 1989 wurde Pater Mark Pivarunas zum Generaloberen der Kongregation gewählt. 1991 wurde er von Bischof Moisés Carmona, aus der Weihehlinie von Erzbischof Thuc zum Bischof geweiht.

Derzeit fungiert er als Generaloberer. Vor seinem Tod versuchten Bischof Schuckardt und seine Anhänger in einem Streit Pivarunas zu verdrängen, da Schuckardt sein Amt als Generaloberer der Kongregation nie offiziell niedergelegt hatte. Schuckardt exkommunizierte Pivarunas und behauptete, Pivarunas habe sich nach dem alten Kirchenrecht selbst disqualifiziert.

Heutige Lage
Die Kongregation versorgt 29 Kirchen und Kapellen in den Vereinigten Staaten, Kanada, Australien und Neuseeland. Sie verfügt über ein Priesterseminar, das Mater Dei Seminary, in Omaha, Nebraska, während die Schwestern ihr Mutterhaus in Spokane, Washington (Mount Saint Michaels Mission) haben. Die CMRI ist in Mittel- und Südamerika sowie in Europa, mit Zentren auf den britischen Inseln, Mitteleuropa und Russland, verbreitet.

Verbindungen nach Deutschland
In Deutschland arbeitet der Arbeitskreis katholischer Glaube  mit der CMRI eng zusammen. Die deutschen Priester des Arbeitskreises betreuen die Gemeinde von Oswald Baker in Ely, früher Downham Market, und die Messzentren in Basel sowie in Tschechien. Offiziell werden diese Orte als CMRI-Messzentren geführt. Überdies studiert der deutsche Priesternachwuchs im Seminar von Pivarunas. Bischof Pivarunas hat auch den letzten deutschen Neupriester geweiht.

Generalobere
 Francis K. Schuckardt (1967–1984)
 Denis P. Chicoine (1984–1989)
 Mark Pivarunas (1989–1991)
 Casimir M. Puskorius (1991–1995)
 Mark Pivarunas (seit 1995)

Einzelbelege

Siehe auch
 Priesterbruderschaft St. Pius V.

Weblinks
 Internetpräsenz
 Theologische Grundsatzposition

Sedisvakantismus
Männerorden
Gegründet 1967
Coeur d'Alene (Idaho)
Christentum (Idaho)
Organisation (Kootenai County)

Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen


Palm Valley, en Australie, dans le parc national de Finke Gorge, est une vallée orientée est-ouest dans la chaîne de Krichauff 123 kilomètres (138 km par la route) au sud-ouest d' Alice Springs dans le Territoire du Nord, en Australie . Palm Valley et ses environs sont le seul endroit du centre de l'Australie où les palmiers chou rouge d'Australie centrale ( Livistona mariae ) survivent. Les spécimens les plus proches sont à 850 kilomètres dans le Queensland. La région environnante est en grande partie sèche de broussailles xériques des chaînes centrales;  un milieu qui est aride de façon quasiment permanente.

La pluviométrie moyenne pour Palm Valley n'est que de 200 mm par an. Bien que la gorge semble généralement sèche, il existe quelques petites poches de bassins semi-permanents alimentés par une source qui permettent à la flore unique de cette région de survivre. Lors de précipitations importantes dans la région, des étendues d'eau peuvent être observées s'écoulant dans les gorges de la vallée. Au cours de tels événements, une variété de vie aquatique comme les poissons du désert, les crevettes boucliers ( Triops australiensis ), les têtards et les grenouilles peuvent s'épanouir.

Origines des palmiers

On avait supposé que les palmiers à choux étaient des vestiges d'une époque préhistorique où le climat soutenait la forêt tropicale humide dans ce qui est maintenant l'intérieur aride de l'Australie. L'analyse génétique publiée en 2012 a déterminé que Livistona mariae à Palm Valley est en fait très proche de l'espèce  Livistona rigida à partir d'échantillons prélevés près de Katherine et de Mount Isa, tous deux à près de 1000 km . Les recherches du professeur David Bowman et de ses collègues de l' Université de Tasmanie ont conclu que les populations ne se sont séparées qu'il y a environ 15 000 ans . La légende aborigène enregistrée en 1894 par Carl Strehlow décrit des "dieux du nord" apportant les graines à Palm Valley.

Les lieux
Au début de 1928, Herbert Joseph Larkin a mené une expédition aérienne exploratoire explorant la possibilité de développer la Palm Valley en une station balnéaire. Cependant, l'exploration n'a mené à rien.

La piste vers Palm Valley n'est encore accessible qu'avec un véhicule à quatre roues motrices . Il part de la ville de Hermannsburg et se dirige vers le sud, en suivant le lit généralement asséché de la rivière Finke . Palm Creek se jette dans la rivière Finke par l'ouest à environ 15 km (par piste) au sud de Hermannsburg. La piste suit le ruisseau jusqu'à Palm Valley environ 5 km à l'ouest de la rivière Finke.

Champ gazier
Le champ gazier de Palm Valley est une source terrestre de gaz naturel au nord de la vallée elle-même. Le champ gazier fait partie du bassin d'Amadeus et fournit du gaz à Alice Springs et au-delà via le gazoduc Amadeus.

Références

Liens externes

 Fairfax Digital - Hermannsburg

Gisement de gaz naturel en Australie
Vallée en Australie
Région d'Alice Springs

Palm Valley (NT)


Selskabsdans er et fagudtryk for dans i forbindelse med selskabelighed, herunder fester og sammenkomster.

Se også
 Les Lanciers
 Jenka
 Quickstep

Kilder
 Selskabsdans i Den Store Danske, Gyldendal

Dans

Selskabsdans


ميرناغرد (Мирноград) هي مدينة في أوبلاست دونيتسك في أوكرانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 51672 نسمة.

مراجع

أسماء المواقع السوفيتية السابقة في أوكرانيا
مدن تعدين ومناطق في أوكرانيا
مدن تغيرت أسمائها في أوكرانيا
مدن مقاطعة دونيتسك
مدن ذات أهمية إقليمية في أوكرانيا
مدن وبلدات بنيت في حقبة الإمبراطورية الروسية
مدن وبلدات في أوكرانيا شيدت إبان الإمبراطورية الروسية

ميرناغرد


Závadka este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Michalovce din regiunea Košice. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 444 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Závadka este atestată documentar din 1405.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Závadka, Michalovce


An Rhaphidophora oligosperma in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Cornelis Rugier Willem Karel van Alderwerelt van Rosenburgh. An Rhaphidophora oligosperma in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rhaphidophora, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Rhaphidophora (Araceae)

Rhaphidophora oligosperma


إنفير هادزيابديتش، من مواليد 6 نوفمبر 1945، لاعب كرة قدم يوغسلافي سابق، ومدرب كرة قدم بوسني حالي.

حتى الآن هو الشخص الوحيد في تاريخ جيلييزنيتشار الذي فاز بلقب الدوري كلاعب وكمدير. كلاعب فاز بالدوري اليوغوسلافي الأول مع جيلييزنيتشار في عام 1972 والدوري الأول للبوسنة والهرسك في عام 1998.

المسيرة الكروية

النوادي
بدأ هادزيابديتش لعب كرة القدم في فرق الشباب من إسكرا بوغوينو وبراتستفو ترافنيك، قبل أن يوقع أول عقد احترافي له مع جيلييزنيتشار في عام 1965. لعب أكثر من 450 مباراة للنادي خلال السنوات التسع التالية. كما فاز معه بالدوري اليوغوسلافي الأول في موسم 1971-72.

في عام 1974، وقع هادزيابديتش مع نادي رويال شارلروا البلجيكي حيث مكث فيه ثلاثة مواسم. عاد إلى البوسنة والهرسك وانضم إلى فيليز موستار. ذهب إلى اليونان بعد عامين ووقع عقدًا مع نادي لاريسا حيث مكث لمدة عام واحد وبعد ذلك تقاعد من كرة القدم الاحترافية في عام 1980 عن عمر 35 عامًا.

المسيرة الدولية
كان هادجيابديتش أحد أفضل المدافعين الأوروبيين في أوائل السبعينيات، وظهر لأول مرة مع يوغوسلافيا في مباراة ودية في أبريل 1970 ضد النمسا وشارك في 11 مباراة دولية ولم يسجل أي هدف. كان أيضًا أحد أعضاء الفريق الذي شارك في كأس العالم لكرة القدم 1974. كانت آخر مباراة دولية له في كأس العالم في يوليو 1974 ضد السويد.

المسيرة الإدارية
بعد التقاعد، عاد هادزيابديتش إلى سراييفو حيث تخرج من كلية التربية البدنية بجامعة سراييفو.

الإدارة في إيران وقطر
في عام 1994، أصبح هاديابديتش مديرًا للفريق الأولمبي الإيراني، وبعد ذلك بعامين في عام 1995، مدير فريق شباب الريان. كان مديرًا لفريق الشباب حتى عام 1997.

جيلييزنيتشار
في يناير 1998، تولى هادزيابديتش منصب المدير في جيلييزنيتشار. تمكن من قيادة النادي للفوز بلقب البطولة البوسنية في موسمه الأول. في شتاء 1999، استقال هادجيابديتش بسبب نتائج الدوري المخيبة رغم فوزه بكأس السوبر البوسني في عام 1998 ضد أكبر منافسيه، نادي ساراييفو.

لكنه عاد مرة أخرى في الموسم التالي في عام 1999 حيث قاد النادي إلى لقب كأس البوسنة والهرسك لأول مرة في عام 2000. وترك النادي مرة أخرى بعد فترة وجيزة من فوزه بالكأس.

تيرانا
في عام 2002، أصبح هادزيابديتش المدير الجديد لنادي تيرانا في دوري السوبر الألباني. فاز في موسمه الوحيد مع النادي بكأس السوبر الألباني في 14 سبتمبر 2002 بعد فوزه على دينامو تيرانا 6-0 في كأس السوبر في ذلك العام. أقيل من قبل إدارة النادي في 21 فبراير 2003 بعد نتائجه السيئة.

الرجوع إلى جيلييزنيتشار
بعد عدة سنوات من العمل كمدير للملعب، أصبح مرة أخرى مدربا لجيزنيجار في 10 يناير 2007 وظل في هذا المنصب حتى يونيو 2008.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية يوغوسلافيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية يوغوسلافيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في اليونان
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في بلجيكا
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
بشناق صربيا
رياضيون بوسنيون مغتربون في اليونان
رياضيون بوسنيون مغتربون في ألبانيا
رياضيون بوسنيون مغتربون في إيران
رياضيون بوسنيون مغتربون في بلجيكا
رياضيون بوسنيون مغتربون في قطر
رياضيون من بلغراد
رياضيون يوغوسلافيون مغتربون في اليونان
رياضيون يوغوسلافيون مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو الدوري البلجيكي للمحترفين
لاعبو الدوري اليوغوسلافي الأول
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1976
لاعبو جيلييزنيتشار ساراييفو
لاعبو دوري البوسنة والهرسك الممتاز
لاعبو ريال تشارليروا
لاعبو فيليز موستار
لاعبو كأس العالم 1974
لاعبو كرة قدم بوسنيون
لاعبو كرة قدم بوسنيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في اليونان
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو كرة قدم من بلغراد
لاعبو كرة قدم يوغوسلاف مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم يوغوسلافيون
لاعبو منتخب يوغوسلافيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي جيلييزنيتشار ساراييفو
مدربو جيلييزنيتشار ساراييفو
مدربو دوري البوسنة والهرسك الممتاز
مدربو دوري السوبر الألباني
مدربو كرة قدم بوسنيون
مدربو كرة قدم بوسنيون مغتربون
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في ألبانيا
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في إيران
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في قطر
مدربو نادي الريان
مدربو نادي تيرانا
مواليد 1364 هـ
مواليد 1945
مواليد في بلغراد
لاعبو الدوري البلجيكي الممتاز

أنور هادزيابديتش


Release from Agony treći je studijski album njemačkog thrash metal sastava Destruction. Album je objavljen 1. prosinca 1987. godine, a objavila ga je diskografska kuća Steamhammer.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje
Destruction
Schmier – bas-gitara, vokali
Mike Sifringer – gitara
Harry Wilkens – gitara
Oliver Kaiser – bubnjevi
Dodatni glazbenici
André Grieder – prateći vokali (na pjesmama 3, 7, 8)
Mille Petrozza – prateći vokali (na pjesmi 2)
Ventor – prateći vokali  (na pjesmi2)
V.O. Pulver – prateći vokali  (na pjesmama 3, 7, 8)
Ostalo osoblje
Guido Glöckler – dizajn
Joachim Luetke – omot albuma
Kalle Trapp – produciranje

Izvori

Albumi sastava Destruction
Albumi iz 1987.

Release from Agony


Características
La línea L1 de la red de Arganda del Rey está operada por Argabús, S.A. mediante concesión administrativa del Consorcio Regional de Transportes de Madrid. Esta línea tiene como característica que une el barrio de La Poveda de Arganda del Rey con la Residencia, previo paso a medio camino por los polígonos industriales del este de Arganda, la estación de Arganda del Rey de metro y por los barrios del Oeste de Arganda.

Horarios/frecuencias

Recorrido

Dirección La Poveda

La línea parte desde la Avenida del Instituto llegando a recorrerla hasta la rotonda con el cruce de la calle Valdemaría, donde continuará de frente hasta la rotonda de los Pescadores, bajando hasta el centro por el Camino del Molino. Al terminar esta calle girará hacia el Ayuntamiento por la Calle Real, llegando a la Plaza de la Constitución y bajando por Juan de la Cierva. Al terminar esta última calle seguirá de frente por la Carretera de Loeches, la Avenida de Valdearganda y continuará por la Avenida de Alcalá de Henares. Al cabo de un tiempo girará y tomará la Avenida de los Villares recorriéndola entera y girando en la Calle Alcotán, más tarde girará a la derecha en la rotonda, donde se unen la Calle Alcotán y la Avenida de Valdearganda, hasta terminar esta última y girando a la izquierda en la rotonda, donde se une con la Carretera de Campo Real, dirección Madrid haciendo, más adelante, un desvío por el aparcamiento de la estación de metro de La Poveda, donde retornará más tarde a la Carretera de Campo Real. Seguirá esta carretera hasta el cruce con el barrio de La Poveda, donde atravesará este barrio por la Calle Gran Vía y por la Calle Monte Potrero, llegando hasta el final de su destino enfrente del I.E.S La Poveda.

Dirección Residencia

La línea parte desde la Calle Monte Potero atravesando el barrio de La Poveda. En el cruce con la carretera de Campo Real, gira en dirección Campo Real pasando por el aparcamiento de la estación de metro de la Poveda. Prosigue su camino dirección Campo Real, hasta la rotonda con la Avenida de Valdearganda, introduciéndose en el barrio de Los Villares atravesándolo por la calle Alcotán y la Avenida de los Villares. Al terminar esta calle se dirige dirección al casco urbano a través de la Avenida de Valdearganda, en la cual girara a la derecha en la Plaza del Progreso para introducirse después en la Avenida del Ejército. En esta última calle la recorre hasta la Plaza de la Bienvenida girando y continuando la Calle Santiago Apóstol, hasta llegar a la Calle Real donde gira a la derecha para más adelante girar al Camino del Molino y subirla hasta llegar a la Plaza de los Pescadores, donde girara en dirección a la Calle Valdemaría, recorriéndola entera hasta su cruce con la Avenida del Instituto, donde terminara su recorrido al final de dicha calle.

Recorrido

Dirección La Poveda (Por Polígono Industrial El Guijar)

La línea parte desde la Avenida del Instituto llegándola a recorrer hasta la rotonda con el cruce de la calle Valdemaría, donde continuara de frente hasta la rotonda de los Pescadores, bajando hasta el centro por el Camino del Molino. Al terminar esta calle girara hacia el Ayuntamiento por la Calle Real, llegando a la Plaza de la Constitución y bajando por Juan de la Cierva. Al terminar esta última calle seguirá de frente por la Carretera de Loeches, la Avenida de Valdearganda y continuara por la Avenida de Alcalá de Henares. Al cabo de un tiempo girara y tomara la Calle San Sebastián atravesándola y llegando a la rotonda de la Perla donde entrara en el Polígono Industrial El Guijar por el Camino del Puente Viejo, más tarde tomara la Calle Brezo y girara por la Calle Vereda de las Yeguas hasta su cruce con la Avenida del Guijar. En esta última avenida, girara a la derecha en el cruce de la Carretera de Campo Real y hará un cambio de sentido en la glorieta con el cruce de la Avenida de Valdearganda y tomara dirección Madrid, más adelante realiza un desvío por el aparcamiento de la estación de metro de La Poveda, donde retornara más tarde a la Carretera de Campo Real. Seguirá esta carretera hasta el cruce con el barrio de La Poveda, donde atravesara este barrio por la Calle Gran Vía y por la Calle Monte Potrero, llegando hasta el final de su destino enfrente del I.E.S La Poveda.

Dirección Residencia (Por Polígono Industrial El Guijar)

La línea parte desde la Calle Monte Potero atravesando el barrio de La Poveda. En el cruce con la carretera de Campo Real, gira en dirección Campo Real pasando por el aparcamiento de la estación de metro de la Poveda. Prosigue su camino dirección Campo Real, hasta el cruce con la Avenida del Guijar y después continuando por la calle Vereda de las Yeguas y la calle Brezo, hasta llegar al Camino del Puente Viejo. Al terminar esta calle se dirige dirección al casco urbano en la rotonda La Perla, para después introducirse en la Avenida del Ejército. Recorre esta última calle hasta la Plaza de la Bienvenida, girando y continuando la Calle Santiago Apóstol hasta llegar a la Calle Real, donde gira a la derecha para más adelante girar al Camino del Molino y subirla hasta llegar a la Plaza de los Pescadores: allí girará en dirección a la Calle Valdemaría, recorriéndola entera hasta su cruce con la Avenida del Instituto, donde terminará su recorrido al final de dicha calle.

Véase también
 Estación de Arganda del Rey
 Arganda del Rey
 Argabús, S.A.

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial del Consorcio Regional de Transportes
 Página oficial de Argabús, la empresa operadora de la línea

Argabús

Línea 1 (Urbanos de Arganda del Rey)


A final por equipes masculina de ginástica artística nos Jogos da Commonwealth de 2022 em Birmingham, Inglaterra, foi realizada em 29 de julho de 2022 na Arena Birmingham.

Este evento também determinou as posições de qualificação para as finais de individual geral e por aparelhos.

Calendário
A programação foi a seguinte:

Todos os horários são British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Resultados
Os resultados são os seguintes:

Qualificatórias

Individual geral

Os resultados são os seguintes:

Solo

Os resultados são os seguintes:

Cavalo com alças

Os resultados são os seguintes:

Argolas

Os resultados são os seguintes:

Salto

Os resultados são os seguintes:

Barras paralelas

Os resultados são os seguintes:

Barra fixa

Os resultados são os seguintes:

Referências

Equipes masculinas

Ginástica artística nos Jogos da Commonwealth de 2022 - Equipes masculinas


بعد حل مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2006، تمت الدعوة إلى انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي في يوم 17 مايو 2008، ومنذ يوم 14 أبريل 2008 بدأ المرشحون والمرشحات بالتسجيل للمشاركة في الانتخابات.

وتعتبر هذه الانتخابات هي الأولى التي يتم فيها تجربة النظام الجديد في الدوائر الانتخابية، حيث تم تقليص عدد الدوائر من 25 دائرة إلى 5 دوائر. وقد سجلت هذه الانتخابات رقماً قياسياً بعدد الطعون الانتخابية حيث بلغت 32 طعناً، وكان من بين الطاعنين نواب قد فازوا بالانتخابات ويشككون بعدد الاصوات النهائية وترتيب مراكزهم.

بعد إعلان النتائج سيطر الإسلاميون السنة والشيعة على أكثر من نصف مقاعد المجلس، وقد حقق السنة 21 مقعد بينما فاز الشيعة في خمسة مقاعد، وقد حقق الحركة الدستورية الإسلامية ثلاثة مقاعد وهو نصف عدد مقاعدها في الانتخابات السابقة، وفاز التحالف السلفي الإسلامي بعضرة مقاعد، أما الليبراليون فقد حققوا سبعة مقاعد، وقد فاز الوطنيون بأربعة مقاعد أي خسروا مقعد عن الانتخابات الماضية ولم تحقق أي امرأة الفوز في الانتخابات للمرة الثانية على التوالي.

وفي يوم 17 سبتمبر 2008 أعلنت المحكمة الدستورية عن سقوط عضوية النائبين مبارك محمد الوعلان من الدائرة الرابعة وعبد الله مهدي العجمي من الدائرة الخامسة وفوز عسكر عويد العنزي وسعدون حماد العتيبي بدلا منهم ، وقال سعدون حماد العتيبي بأنه كان يتوقع بصدور الحكم لصالحه، وقال بأن الطعن الذي قدمه كان طعن في نتائج الانتخابات وليس ضد أحد المرشحين، وقال بأن حكم المحكمة الدستورية كان مطابقا للأرقام التي كان يتوقعها حيث حل بالمركز الثامن ب10914 صوت، وقال بأن هذا الحكم غير قابل للطعن، وقد أستغرقت القضية أربعة أشهر، وقال بأنه سيؤدي اليمين الدستورية في أكتوبر ما لم تكون هناك جلسة طارئة، وقال رئيس مجلس الأمة جاسم الخرافي بأنه يحترم قرار المحكمة الدستورية الذي قضي بفوز سعدون حماد العتيبي وعسكر عويد العنزي بعضوية مجلس الأمة، وقال بأن الكويت دولة مؤسسات، وستكون عضوية النائبين مبارك محمد الوعلان وعبد الله مهدي العجمي منتهية من تاريخ صدور الحكم، وقال عسكر العنزي بأنه يثق بالقضاء الكويتي النزيه الذي أرجع الحقوق إلى أصحابها، وقال بأنه طوال الفترة الماضية لم يلتفت إلى الإشاعات التي أطلقها البعض للتأثير على متابعته للإجراءات القضائية، وقال رئيس المجلس البلدي بأنه على عسكر العنزي تقديم استقالته في مدة أقصاها ثمانية أيام حسب القانون، وقال محمد المقاطع بأن حكم المحكمة الدستورية غير قابل للطعن، وقال بأن هذا النوع من الحكم هو الأول في تاريخ المحكمة الدستورية والأول في تاريخ الحياة النيابية.

المرشحين للانتخابات

توزيع المناطق حسب الدوائر

الدائرة الأولى
 منطقة الشرق
 منطقة الدسمة
 منطقة المطبة
 منطقة دسمان
 منطقة بنيد القار
 منطقة الدعية
 منطقة الشعب
 جزيرة فيلكا وسائر الجزر
 منطقة حولي
 منطقة النقرة
 منطقة ميدان حولي
 منطقة بيان
 منطقة مشرف
 منطقة السالمية
 منطقة البدع
 منطقة الرأس
 منطقة سلوى
 منطقة الرميثية
 ضاحية مبارك العبد الله الجابر

الدائرة الثانية
 منطقة المرقاب
 ضاحية عبد الله السالم
 منطقة القبلة
 منطقة الشويخ
 منطقة الشامية
 منطقة القادسية
 منطقة المنصورية
 منطقة الفيحاء
 منطقة النزهة
 منطقة الصليبيخات
 منطقة الدوحة
 منطقة غرناطة
 منطقة القيروان

الدائرة الثالثة
 منطقة كيفان
 منطقة الروضة
 منطقة العديلية
 منطقة الجابرية
 منطقة السرة
 منطقة الخالدية
 منطقة قرطبة
 منطقة اليرموك
 منطقة أبرق خيطان
 منطقة خيطان الجديدة
 منطقة السلام
 منطقة الصديق
 منطقة حطين
 منطقة الشهداء
 منطقة الزهراء

الدائرة الرابعة
 منطقة الفروانية
 منطقة الفردوس
 منطقة العمرية
 منطقة الرابية
 منطقة الرقعي
 منطقة الأندلس
 منطقة جليب الشيوخ
 ضاحية صباح الناصر
 منطقة الشدادية
 منطقة صيهد العوازم
 منطقة الرحاب
 منطقة العضيلية
 منطقة العارضية
 منطقة إشبيلية
 ضاحية عبد الله المبارك
 منطقة الجهراء الجديدة
 منطقة الصليبية والمساكن الحكومية
 مدينة سعد العبد الله
 مدينة الجهراء ومناطق البر الممتدة من حدود دولة الكويت مع العراق شمالا وغربا وحدود دولة الكويت مع السعودية حتى مركز المتياهة جنوبا.

الدائرة الخامسة
 مدينة الأحمدي
 منطقة المقوع
 واره والصبيحية والجعيدان حتى حدود الكويت مع السعودية غربا.
 منطقة هدية
 منطقة الفنطاس
 منطقة المهبولة
 منطقة أبو حليفة
 منطقة الفنيطيس
 منطقة المسيلة
 ضاحية صباح السالم
 منطقة الرقة
 منطقة الصباحية
 منطقة الظهر
 منطقة العقيلة
 منطقة القرين
 منطقة العدان
 منطقة القصور
 منطقة مبارك الكبير
 ضاحية فهد الأحمد
 ضاحية جابر العلي
 منطقة الفحيحيل
 منطقة المنقف
 ضاحية علي صباح السالم وميناء عبد الله
 منطقة الزور
 منطقة الوفرة
 المناطق الجنوبية حتى حدود الكويت مع السعودية جنوبا.

النتائج

بلغت نسبة المقترعين 60% حسب وكالة الأنباء الكويتية، وقد بلغ عدد المقترعين 214886 شخص من أصل 361684 شخص مسجل، وبلغ عدد المقترعين الرجال في جميع الدوائر 161185 بينما وصل عدد المقترعين النساء إلى 200499

الدائرة الأولى

بلغت نسبة المقترعين في الدائرة الأولى 77.5%

 صالح أحمد عاشور 9314 صوتا
 عبد الله يوسف الرومي 9314 صوتا
 عبد الواحد محمود العوضي 8464 صوتا
 حسن جوهر 7756 صوتا
 حسين ناصر الحريتي 7338 صوتا
 حسين علي القلاف 7274 صوتا
 عدنان عبد الصمد 7155 صوتا
 احمد حاجي لاري 6919 صوتا
 مخلد راشد العازمي 6872 صوتا
 محمد حسن الكندري 6064 صوتا

الدائرة الثانية

بلغت نسبة المقترعين في الدائرة الثانية 74%، حيث شارك 30576 شخص في الانتخابات من اصل 41365 شخص ، وقد تمت إعادة جمع جميع الأصوات

 مرزوق علي الغانم 10878 صوتا
 جاسم الخرافي 10839 صوتا
 خالد سلطان بن عيسى 8687 صوتا
 محمد براك المطير 7508 صوتا
 جمعان ظاهر الحربش 6496 صوتا
 محمد جاسم الصقر 6266 صوتا
 علي فهد الراشد 5902 صوتا
 خلف دميثير العنزي 5569 صوتا
 عبد اللطيف عبد الوهاب العميري 5361 صوتا
 محمد عبد الله العبد الجادر 3636 صوتا

الدائرة الثالثة

بلغت نسبة المقترعين في الدائرة الثالثة 68% حيث صوت 39848 ناخب وناخبة في الانتخابات من أصل 58674 ناخب وناخبة

 فيصل علي المسلم 12695 صوتا
 عادل عبد العزيز الصرعاوي 11242 صوتا
 وليد مساعد الطبطبائي 9753 صوتا
 علي صالح العمير 8931 صوتا
 صالح محمد الملا 7656 صوتا
 أحمد عبد المحسن المليفي 6948 صوتا
 روضان عبد العزيز الروضان 6586 صوتا
 عبد العزيز حمد الشايجي 6250 صوتا
 أحمد عبد العزيز السعدون 6105 صوتا
 ناصر جاسم الصانع 6058 صوتا

الدائرة الرابعة

بلغت نسبة المقترعين في الدائرة الرابعة 65%، حيث صوت 60690 في الانتخابات من اصل 93710

 مسلم محمد البراك 14043 صوتا
 علي سالم الدقباسي 12548 صوتا
 محمد هايف المطيري 12106 صوتا
 ضيف الله فضيل بورمية 11482 صوتا
 سعد علي الخنفور 10567 صوتا
 ناصر فهد الدويلة 10488 صوتا
 محمد الهطلاني 9765 صوتا
 رجا حجيلان المطيري 9474 صوتا
 حسين قويعان المطيري 8394 صوتا
 مبارك محمد الوعلان 8340 صوتا
 عسكر عويد العنزي 10914 صوتا

الدائرة الخامسة

بلغت نسبة المقترعين في الدائرة الخامسة 60% حيث صوت 61016 من أصل 101294 شخص

 فهد دهيسان اللميع العازمي 15906 صوتا
 مرزوق فالح الحبيني العازمي 15621 صوتا
 جابر سعد المحيلبي العازمي 15477 صوتا
 محمد هادي الحويلة العجمي 15284 صوتا
 عبد الله فالح راعي الفحما العازمي 15196 صوتا
 سعدون حماد عبيد العتيبي 13851 صوتا
 عبد الله حشر البرغش العجمي 13525 صوتا
 محمد فالح العبيد العجمي 12513 صوتا
 حسين براك هادي الدوسري 11930 صوتا
 عصام سلمان جاسم الدبوس 11803 صوتا

مراجع
 توزيع المناطق على الدوائر الخمس

الكويت في 2008
الانتخابات في الكويت
انتخابات آسيا في 2008
مجلس الأمة الكويتي

انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2008


7618 Gotoyukichi este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
7618 Gotoyukichi este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Oizumi de Takao Kobayashi. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,74 ua, o excentricitate de 0,11 și o înclinație de 1,7° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 7001-8000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1997
Centura de asteroizi

7618 Gotoyukichi


This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the year 2002.

Events
 Sweden legalizes adoption for same-sex couples, making Sweden's registered partnership nearly identical to marriage, with the exception of right to marriage in a church.
 US state of New York bans sexual orientation discrimination in the private sector.
 Tony Knowles, governor of the U.S. state of Alaska, issues an executive order banning sexual orientation discrimination in the public sector.

April
 28 – Homosexuality is decriminalized in the People's Republic of China, as the newly amended Marriage Law avoids this topic.

May
 6 – Openly gay Dutch politician Pim Fortuyn is assassinated by Volkert van der Graaf.
 10 – In Marc Hall v. Durham Catholic School Board, Canadian gay teenager Marc Hall wins an injunction permitting him to bring his boyfriend to his prom.
 17 – In Germany, the Bundestag passes a supplement to the Act of Abolition of National Socialism (NS-Aufhebungsgesetzes), vacating Nazi-era convictions of homosexuals.

July
 The United Nations Human Rights Committee in case Joslin et al. v. New Zealand concludes that ICCPR does not foresee a right to same-sex marriage.
 25 – In Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa, the Constitutional Court of South Africa rules that the same-sex partner of a High Court judge is entitled to the same financial benefits that the spouse of a judge would receive.

August
 Austria's Article 209 of the Penal Code was removed equalising the age of consent at 14.

September
 4 – In Hungary, the Constitutional Court repeals §199 of the penal code, equalising the age of consent for both heterosexual and homosexual activity at 14.
 10 – In Du Toit v Minister of Welfare and Population Development, the Constitutional Court of South Africa rules that same-sex couples must be allowed to adopt children jointly.
 22 – In Switzerland, voters in the canton of Zurich vote 63% to 37% to give same-sex couples the same legal rights as married opposite-sex couples. This includes tax, inheritance, and social security benefits. These rights are only given to same-sex couples who live in Zurich canton and who register with the government, promising to live together and support each other for six months.

October
 18 – In South Africa, in the case of Fourie v Minister of Home Affairs, the Transvaal Provincial Division of the High Court dismisses an application by a lesbian couple to require the government to recognise their partnership as a marriage. The decision is appealed to the Supreme Court of Appeal.

Deaths
 October 24 – Harry Hay, 90, leader in the early gay rights movement in the United States, co-founder of the Mattachine Society and the Radical Faeries.

See also

Timeline of LGBT history – timeline of events from 12,000 BCE to present
LGBT rights by country or territory – current legal status around the world
LGBT social movements

References

LGBT rights by year

2002 in LGBT rights


Istarska enciklopedija jednosveščana je enciklopedija koje daje cjelovit prikaz istarskoga poluotoka, od Preluka kraj Rijeke do Milja (Muggie) kraj Trsta. Istra je prva pokrajina u Hrvatskoj koja je dobila svoju enciklopediju. Izdana je 2005. godine. Glavni su urednici Miroslav Bertoša i Robert Matijašić.

Sadržaj
Sadrži 3094 članka i 1410 fotografija, karata, grafikona i tablica.

U Istarskoj enciklopediji nalaze se članci o općim i zemljopisnim pojmovima, ustanovama, osobama koje su ostavile traga u istarskoj kulturi, znanosti i inim djelatnostima.

Izvori

Vidi još
 Istrapedia

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena mrežna stranica

Istra
Hrvatska enciklopedistika

Istarska enciklopedija


O FMG Stadium Waikato é um importante local de eventos esportivos e culturais em Hamilton, Nova Zelândia, com capacidade total de 25.800 pessoas. Quatro áreas contribuem para essa capacidade: o estande Brian Perry com 12.000, o estande WEL Networks com 8.000, o Goal Line Terrace com 800 e o Greenzone com capacidade para 5.000 pessoas. A capacidade pode ser estendida, no entanto, adicionando temporariamente 5.000 lugares à área do Goal Line Terrace. O estádio, de propriedade do Conselho Municipal de Hamilton, hospeda regularmente duas equipes da união de rugby :

 Os Chiefs na competição de Super Rugby do Hemisfério Sul.
 O lado Waikato na principal competição provincial de rugby do país, a Mitre 10 Cup .

História
Em 1925, o Rugby Park foi inaugurado. Em 1930, uma partida de rugby entre Waikato e Grã-Bretanha foi transmitida pela primeira vez pelo rádio em Hamilton . Em 1937, a África do Sul visitou Hamilton diante de um público recorde de 13.000 pessoas. Um dos jogos mais memoráveis no campo foi em 1956, quando Waikato derrotou o time visitante Springboks Rugby com mais de 31.000 pessoas presentes. Em 1958, o Rugby Park iniciou a atualização de uma nova arquibancada que foi inaugurada em 1959. Em 1981, o Rugby Park sediou parte da infame turnê Springbok de 1981, onde a partida foi cancelada devido ao campo ser invadido por manifestantes. 1987 viu o Rugby Park sediar sua primeira partida da Copa do Mundo de Rugby, Fiji x Argentina.

Em 1996, o Waikato Regional Sports and Event Center Trust foi formado quando foi decidido que a cidade precisava de um novo estádio esportivo para atrair mais eventos e jogos esportivos. A cidade de Hamilton anunciou planos para substituir o Rugby Park e o principal local de críquete da cidade, Westpac Park, por um único grande estádio oval no local do Rugby Park. No entanto, isso foi reconsiderado mediante um financiamento de apenas NZ$ 270 milhões em financiamento, muito aquém dos estimados NZ$ 520 custo de milhões. Em seguida, decidiu reconstruir e modernizar os dois estádios em menor escala, reduzindo o custo total para NZ$ 30 milhão. Em 2000, a construção do Waikato Stadium começou e, em 2002, o Waikato Stadium abriu oficialmente com uma partida de rugby Super 12 entre Chiefs e Crusaders .

Em 1 de outubro de 2015, o Waikato Stadium ficou conhecido como FMG Stadium Waikato depois que um acordo de direitos de nomeação de 10 anos foi aprovado.

Instalações
O FMG Stadium Waikato é uma instalação multifuncional, embora usada principalmente para a união do rugby . Como muitos campos esportivos na Nova Zelândia são multifuncionais (nomeadamente servindo a união de rugby e críquete ), o estádio é frequentemente considerado um dos melhores estádios retangulares puros para códigos esportivos baseados em futebol na Nova Zelândia. É a casa da equipe Waikato Mitre 10 Cup, a equipe Chiefs na competição Super Rugby e, ocasionalmente, recebeu jogos internacionais para os All Blacks da Nova Zelândia. Também foi a casa do Waikato FC no Campeonato de Futebol da Nova Zelândia (NZFC) e foi usado para Copas do Mundo de grupos etários da FIFA. Ele raramente recebeu partidas para a equipe da liga de rugby New Zealand Warriors na competição National Rugby League (NRL). O estádio também atende a eventos e eventos privados em suas diversas instalações. Esses serviços incluem: Gallagher Lounge, Bronze Lounge, Genesis Energy Lounge, Radio Sport Lounge, Clarke Lounge, Network Lounge, Boardroom e TV Commentary Room.

Eventos notáveis
FMG Stadium Waikato (então conhecido como Rugby Park) foi o anfitrião de uma das partidas durante o Springbok Tour de 1981 . No entanto, o jogo contra o Waikato foi cancelado diante de um full house no Rugby Park. Uma invasão de campo por várias centenas de manifestantes anti-tour e rumores de que uma aeronave leve havia sido roubada de Taupo e se dirigia para o Rugby Park provou ser demais para as autoridades.

Desde 2002, o estádio recebe uma variedade de eventos que vão desde eventos esportivos a eventos culturais. Isso inclui: Rugby Internacional Masculino e Feminino, Super Rugby, Rugby Mitre 10 Cup, Kingz e Wellington Phoenix futebol, Impact World Tour, Habitat for Humanity, Summer Jam, Volcanic Paintball, Crusty Demons, WIPSEC Concert Cultural, Regional/National Marching Championship, NRL New Zealand Warriors, partidas do Waikato FC NZFC, Kiwi Bowl Gridiron e futebol internacional.

Em 11 de junho de 2005, o Waikato Stadium foi o anfitrião de uma histórica, primeira vitória da equipe da União de Rugby Maori da Nova Zelândia (mais tarde renomeada Māori All Blacks ), sobre os leões britânicos e irlandeses em turnê .

Foi um dos quatro estádios-sede da Copa do Mundo Feminina Sub-17 da FIFA 2008, recebendo seis partidas da fase de grupos e duas quartas de final. O Estádio FMG Waikato também sediou três partidas de bilhar para a Copa do Mundo de Rugby 2011 – País de Gales vs. Samoa, País de Gales vs. Fiji e Nova Zelândia vs. Japão.

Em 4 de agosto de 2012, o estádio sediou a final do Super Rugby de 2012 entre os Chiefs e os Sharks .

Em 2017, o Waikato Stadium sediou seus primeiros jogos de teste da liga de rugby com dois jogos do Grupo B da Copa do Mundo de Rugby League de 2017 - Samoa vs. Tonga (18.156 espectadores) e Nova Zelândia vs. Tonga (24.041 espectadores).

Em 2018, o New Zealand Sevens foi realizado de 3 a 4 de fevereiro.

Em 2023, será usado como uma das sedes da Copa do Mundo Feminina da FIFA .

Estádios da Nova Zelândia
Estádios de futebol inaugurados em 2002
Hamilton (Nova Zelândia)

Waikato Stadium


Tekstil mühendisliği, Mühendislik Fakültesine bağlı bir yükseköğretim bölümüdür. Tekstil mühendisliği bölümleri 4 yıllık lisans programlarına bağlı olarak özel sektöre yönelik Tekstil mühendisi yetiştirmektedir.
tekstil hammaddelerini değişik tekniklerle işleme ve bu alanda yeni teknikler geliştirme konusunda eğitim ve araştırma yapan mühendislik dalıdır. Tekstil mühendisleri genelde dokuma ve konfeksiyon fabrikalarında, fiziksel kontrol laboratuvarlarında, yapay lif üreten fabrikalarda, boyarmadde ve tekstil yardımcı maddesi üreten fabrikalarda çalışırlar.

Tekstil mühendisleri; doğal, suni ve sentetik liflerin tanımlanması ve ayırt edilmesi,
tekstil ürünlerinden beklenen konfor ve performans özelliklerine uygun hammaddelerin seçilmesi, malzeme makine etkileşimini dikkate alarak uygun çalışma şartlarının belirlenmesi ve kontrol edilmesi, üretim verimliliği ve ürün kalitesini etkileyen koşulların yönetilmesi ve problemlerin çözülmesi, proses ve teknoloji tasarımı ya da iyileştirme,güvenlik ve sağlık,enerji tasarrufu,atık ve kirlilik kontrolü, bilimsel ve mühendislik temelli metotların, lif, iplik, kumaş, hazır giyim, teknik ve fonksiyonel tekstil ürünlerinin çok yönlü, tasarımı, üretimi ve kontrolüne uygulanması günlük giysiden ileri teknoloji ürünlere, geniş bir yelpazede yer alan tekstil ürünlerinin geliştirilmesi ve üretilmesi, yeni ürün ve proseslerin mühendislik tasarımı alanlarında çalışır.

Tekstil mühendisliğinde lifler ve iplikler yapı malzemesi olarak kullanılır.

Tekstillerin kullanım ve uygulama alanları
 Konvansiyonel tekstiller
 Teknik tekstiller
 Akıllı tekstiller

Dokuma ve örgü iplikleri olarak sınıflandırılabilir.

Tekstiller, giysi, ev tekstilleri,döşemelik kumaşlar gibi günlük  yaşantımızda vazgeçilmez bir parçası olmalarının dışında, iletişim uyduları ve bilgi işlem sistemlerine yönelik elektronik devre tasarımında yer alacak kadar yüksek teknoloji ürünleri de olabilir. Örneğin uçak kanatlarında kullanılan çok hafif ve dayanıklı lifler, astronotlar tarafından ısı kalkanı olarak kullanılan giysi ve sistemler, suni organlar, damarlar, kaslar, binalarda kullanılan jeo-tekstiller, yüksek teknoloji tekstil ürünleri arasındadır.

Kariyer olanakları
Türkiye'de tekstil ve hazır giyim ihracatı, toplam ihracat payı içerisinde birinci sıradadır (Temmuz 2012 itibarıyla son 12 aylık ihracat diliminde, tekstil + hali + hazır giyim toplam ~ %20, ikinci sırada ise otomotiv sanayi %15). Dolayısıyla Türkiye'de yüksek katma değerle ve güçlü temeliyle bu sektörde tekstil mühendislerine her zaman ihtiyaç olacaktır. Tekstil Mühendislerine de gerek fabrikalarda gerekse ticari hizmet veren kurumlarda planlamadan üretime, satış pazarlama, araştırma geliştirme'den satın almaya kadar her birimde çalışabilir ve kendi islerini de kurabilirler.

İstihdam
Tekstil ve hazır giyim sanayisi Türkiye'de önemini korumakta ve her gecen gün artmaktadır. Bu nedenle kendini iyi yetiştirmiş, iyi bir üniversiteden mezun, yabancı dil bilen ve temel mühendislik bilgileri güçlü bir Tekstil Mühendisi her zaman iyi şartlarda  is bulacaktır.

Gereken nitelikler
Tekstil mühendisliği alanında çalışmak isteyenlerin matematik ve fen derslerinde başarılı olmaları, kimya ve ekonomi konularına ilgili olmaları gerekir. Ayrıca gelişmeye ve sürekli öğrenmeye açık bir zihin yapısı gereklidir

Eğitim
Bölümün temel eğitim süresi 4 yıldır.

Eğitim süresince matematik, fizik, kimya gibi temel fen dersleri; statik, malzeme, mukavemet, dinamik, elektrik makineleri, akışkanlar mekaniği, termodinamik, ısı iletimi, otomatik kontrol gibi mühendislik dersleri yanında dokumacılık esasları, tekstil kimyası, kalite kontrol, dokuma hazırlık, pamuk iplikçiliği, yün iplikçiliği desencilik gibi meslek dersleri okutulmaktadır. Öğrenciler dersleri kuramsal ve uygulamalı olarak izlemekte, yaz aylarında staj yapmaktadırlar.

Tekstil Meslek Liselerinden sınavsız geçiş yapılan 2 yıllık Tekstil bölümleri
 Deri konfeksiyon
 Deri-hazır giyim
 Düz örgü (triko)
 Erkek terziliği
 Ev ve giyim aksesuarları
 Giyim üretim
 Giyim teknolojisi
 Giyim üretim teknolojisi
 Giyim ve ev eksesuarları
 Hazır giyim
 Kadın terziliği
 Kesim (tekstil konfeksiyon)
 Konfeksiyon
 Moda (giysi) tasarım
 Moda resmi
 Moda tasarım
 Örme hazır giyim
 Tekstil konfeksiyon
 Terzilik
 Triko desen
 Triko konfeksiyon
 Trikotaj
 Yuvarlak örgü (penye)
 Boya apre
 Boya-baskı-desen
 Dokuma
 Düz örgü (triko)
 Iplik / Iplikçilik
 Kalite kontrol (tekstil)
 Örgü teknolojisi
 Örme / Örme teknolojisi
 Tekstil
 Tekstil boya-apre
 Tekstil boya-baskı-desen
 Tekstil dokuma
 Tekstil Iplik
 Tekstil Iplikçilik
 Tekstil kalite kontrol
 Tekstil örme
 Tekstil tasarımı
 Tekstil teknolojisi
 Tekstil (örme teknolojisi)
 Triko desen
 Yuvarlak örgü (penye)

Tekstil mühendisliği


Robert Seagren (born October 17, 1946) is a retired American pole vaulter, the 1968 Olympic champion.

A native of Pomona, California, Seagren was one of the world's top pole vaulters in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He won six National AAU and four NCAA titles indoors and outdoors. Indoors he posted eight world bests between 1966 and 1969. He was also the Pan American Games champion in 1967. He set his first world record  in Fresno on May 14, 1966, followed by his world records 1967 in San Diego , 1968 in Echo Summit near South Lake Tahoe  and 1972 in Eugene .

In 1968, Seagren participated in his first Olympic Games in Mexico City. In an exciting contest, he won the gold medal with the top three vaulters, including silver medalist Claus Schiprowski (West Germany) and the bronze medal winner Wolfgang Nordwig (East Germany) reaching the same height .

Four years later, in Munich, he remains best remembered for the Olympic gold medal he didn't get. In the 1972 Summer Olympics, a last-minute ruling barred the new banana-Pole from Olympic competition, forcing some vaulters, including Seagren, to compete with unfamiliar poles. East German Wolfgang Nordwig didn't use a Cata-Pole and won the gold medal, with Seagren coming second.  It was the first time an American had failed to win the Olympic gold medal in the pole vault. In fact, no American would again win a gold medal in the pole vault until Nick Hysong won in 2000.

A 1968 University of Southern California graduate, Seagren took a try at professional track and later he started his career in television and movies as a show host and soap opera actor.

Seagren won the inaugural American Superstars sports competition in 1973 as well as the first World Superstars in 1977, his lone victories in both events. He was able to enjoy the spoils from these competitions because he had become a professional athlete having signed to join the International Track Association (ITA) tour after the 1972 Olympics. On the ITA tour he renewed his very personal antagonistic rivalry with fellow American pole vaulter Steve Smith.

Seagren went on to become an actor, appearing in several movies and television shows, including the controversial sitcom Soap in 1977 in which he played Dennis Phillips, a gay football player in a relationship with Billy Crystal's character Jodie Dallas. He appeared as a guest star in an episode of Charlie's Angels in 1980, called "Toni's Boys" as a detective who worked for a friend of Charlie who was also in the detective business. The episode was a backdoor pilot for a new series but the show wasn't picked up by the network. He was referred to in the episode as an "Olympic Champion" although he played a fictional character. He also guest starred on the tv series Wonder Woman in the episodes called "Stolen Faces" and "The Man Who Could Not Die". Seagren played himself, serving as an LAPD youth camp counselor on the "Camp Two" episode of Adam-12.

Today, he is CEO of International City Racing, which specializes in the development, management, and implementation of road racing, endurance, and fitness events, including the Long Beach International City Marathon. He is also an active supporter of the Commission on Athletics of the California Community Colleges.

He was named to the inaugural class of the Mt. SAC Relays Hall of Fame.  In 1986 he was inducted into the USATF National Track and Field Hall of Fame.

Personal life
From 1970 to 1982, Seagren was married to former teen model, dancer, and co-host of KHJ-TV's The Groovy Show, Kam Nelson. They had a daughter born in 1976.  He married again to actress and Playboy Playmate of the month (January 1990) Peggy McIntaggart, and they had twins (a boy and a girl) born in 1997. The marriage ended in divorce.

References

External links

 See the Eugene record jump  @ 19:20

1946 births
Living people
American male pole vaulters
Athletes (track and field) at the 1967 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Mt. San Antonio College alumni
Sportspeople from Pomona, California
World record setters in athletics (track and field)
USC Trojans men's track and field athletes
Track and field athletes from California
Junior college men's track and field athletes in the United States
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in track and field
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in track and field
American chief executives
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade silver medalists for the United States
Medalists at the 1967 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1967 Pan American Games

Bob Seagren


"Noaptea", cunoscută și sub titlul "Nocturna", (în ) este o povestire scurtă scrisă de Franz Kafka cel mai probabil în octombrie 1920 și găsită într-un morman de pagini disparate. Ea a fost publicată postum de Max Brod în volumul Beschreibung eines Kampfes. Novellen, Skizzen, Aphorismen aus dem Nachlaß (Praga, 1936).

La fel ca multe dintre bucățile literare din caietele sale, povestirea este mai mult un segment narativ decât o poveste. Scriitorul ceh Gustav Janouch, care l-a cunoscut pe Kafka și a consemnat discuțiile purtate cu scriitorul evreu la începutul anilor 1920 în volumul Conversații cu Kafka (1951), a sugerat că povestirea lui Kafka a fost influențată atât de persistenta sa insomnie, cât și de dorința de a se referi la pericolele potențiale ale oamenilor din societate, care nu sunt supravegheați atunci când ar trebui să fie.

Rezumat

Naratorul reflectă asupra iluziei celor care dorm noaptea că sunt ocrotiți deoarece se odihnesc într-un pat solid aflat sub un acoperiș, în timp ce în realitate oamenii care dorm în prezent sunt la fel de lipsiți de apărare pe timpul nopții așa cum erau pe vremuri populațiile numeroase și armatele întregi ce se odihneau în tabere aflate sub cerul liber. Acum, la fel ca și atunci, cineva trebuie să rămână treaz și să vegheze, comunicând cu celelalte străji prin semne silențioase.

Scriere și publicare
Povestirea "Noaptea" a fost scrisă cel mai probabil în octombrie 1920, potrivit istoricilor literari care au studiat viața și opera lui Kafka. Manuscrisul fără titlu al acestei scurte proze meditative a fost găsit într-un morman de pagini disparate presupuse a fi scrise în toamna anului 1920, colecție pe care editorii Kritische Ausgabe (Ediție critică) au numit-o Konvolut 1920.

Prietenul autorului, Max Brod, i-a dat titlul "Nachts" și a publicat-o postum în 1936 în volumul 5 al ediției de "Gesammelte Schriften" (Scrieri alese), ce a purtat titlul Beschreibung eines Kampfes: Novellen, Skizzen, Aphorismen aus dem Nachlaß (H. Mercy Sohn, Praga, 1936).

Analiza textului și interpretări
Naratorul la persoana I al acestui text, care este treaz în cursul nopții, meditează la numărul mare de indivizi care dorm confortabil în paturile lor, comparându-i pe aceștia cu o armată întreagă de nomazi care se odihnește pe pământul rece într-o tabără aflată sub cerul liber. Este o aluzie aparentă la Exodul de 40 de ani al evreilor (din Egipt în Canaan) sub conducerea lui Moise, precum și la persecuția evreilor în Europa medievală sau chiar, într-o anticipare profetică, după cum au susținut unii interpreți, la Holocaustul produs după moartea lui Kafka.

Oricare ar fi fost ideea de referință a lui Kafka, naratorul din această povestire își asumă sarcina de santinelă care trebuie să vegheze asupra oamenilor adormiți, asemenea soldatului roman de la poalele Vezuviului care nu și-a părăsit postul, deși simțea apropierea râului de lavă, și a fost înghițit de torentul incandescent. "E scris că cineva trebuie să stea de strajă. Că cineva trebuie să fie prezent", scrie Kafka. În contextul referirii la textele biblice ar putea fi o autoatribuire a unui rol similar cu cel al lui Moise sau, mai probabil, o asociere a autorului cu un gardian al omenirii. Dat fiind faptul că Franz Kafka era mai creativ în timpul nopții, această asociere are o anumită latură autobiografică. În această accepțiune, povestirea evidențiază solitudinea scriitorului, dar și rolul său de apărător al omenirii. Contrastul între somnul liniștit al celor care dorm și starea de veghe și de introspecție a celui care veghează sugerează o astfel de interpretare.

Naratorul nu este însă singurul străjer, ci mai există și alții, iar străjerii comunică între ei prin mijloace non-verbale (de exemplu prin clătinarea unui lemn aprins) așa cum artiștii comunică prin mijloace specifice inaccesibile înțelegerii maselor de oameni simpli. Ținând cont de faptul că Franz Kafka a notat odată în jurnalul său (Tagebücher) că scrisul este pentru el o formă de rugăciune, arta devine, în această accepțiune, un far călăuzitor cu puteri ezoterice.

Traduceri
Povestirea "Noaptea" a fost tradusă în mai multe limbi străine: suedeză ("Om natten", în revista Ord och bild, anul XLVII (1939); traducere de Johannes Edfelt; republicată în 1940 în vol. Hopplöst..., editat de Bonnier din Stockholm, în 1964 în vol. Dikter och dokument, editat de Piccolo din Stockholm, și în 1975 în vol. Prosastycken, editat de Wahlström & Widstrand din Stockholm), franceză ("De nuit", în revista L'Arbalète, nr. 10, primăvara anului 1945; traducere de Jean Carrive), cehă ("V noci", în revista Nový život, Praga, nr. 4, 1957; traducere de Zbyněk Sehal), coreeană ("Bam-e", în vol. Chiburo Kanun Kil, Minumsa, Seul, 1984, p. 16; traducere de Yong-Ae Chun), rusă ("Nociiu", în vol. Zamok: Roman; Novellî i pritci; Pismo otcu; Pisma Milene, Politizdat, Moscova, 1991; traducere de Vera Stanevici; reeditată în vol. Zamok. Roman, rasskazî, pritci, RIF, Moscova, 1991; o altă traducere a fost efectuată de Gherbert Notkin și publicată în 2001 în vol. Malaia proza. Drama, tipărit de editura Amfora din Sankt Petersburg) etc.

Prima traducere în limba română a povestirii a fost realizată de Nicolae Popescu și publicată în 1967 sub titlul "Nocturna" în revista Astra din Brașov (anul VII, p. 20). O traducere mai populară, efectuată de Iulia Soare și intitulată "Noaptea", a apărut în 1968 în antologia Amurgul imperiului. Proza austriacă modernă. Vol. I (pp. 420-421), tipărită de Editura pentru Literatură din București.

Note

Bibliografie
  Richard T. Gray, Ruth V. Gross, Rolf J. Goebel, Clayton Koelb, A Franz Kafka encyclopedia, Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, 2005, pp. 202-203.

Povestiri de Franz Kafka

Noaptea (povestire)


The Pick Operating System, also known as the Pick System or simply Pick, is a demand-paged, multi-user, virtual memory, time-sharing computer operating system based around a MultiValue database. Pick is used primarily for business data processing. It is named after one of its developers, Dick Pick.

The term "Pick system" has also come to be used as the general name of all operating environments which employ this multivalued database and have some implementation of Pick/BASIC and ENGLISH/Access queries. Although Pick started on a variety of minicomputers, the system and its various implementations eventually spread to a large assortment of microcomputers, personal computers, and mainframe computers.

Overview

The Pick Operating System consists of a database, dictionary, query language, procedural language (PROC), peripheral management, multi-user management, and a compiled BASIC Programming language.

The database is a "hash-file" data management system. A hash-file system is a collection of dynamic associative arrays which are organized altogether and linked and controlled using associative files as a database management system. Being hash-file oriented, Pick provides efficiency in data access time. Originally, all data structures in Pick were hash-files (at the lowest level) meaning records are stored as associated couplets of a primary key to a set of values. Today a Pick system can also natively access host files in Windows or Unix in any format.

A Pick database is divided into one or more accounts, master dictionaries, dictionaries, files, and sub-files, each of which is a hash-table oriented file. These files contain records made up of fields, sub-fields, and sub-sub-fields. In Pick, records are called items, fields are called attributes, and sub-fields are called values or sub-values (hence the present-day label "multivalued database"). All elements are variable-length, with field and values marked off by special delimiters, so that any file, record, or field may contain any number of entries of the lower level of entity. As a result, a Pick item (record) can be one complete entity (one entire invoice, purchase order, sales order, etc.), or is like a file on most conventional systems. Entities that are stored as "files" in other common-place systems (e.g. source programs and text documents) must be stored as records within files on Pick.

The file hierarchy is roughly equivalent to the common Unix-like hierarchy of directories, sub-directories, and files. The master dictionary is similar to a directory in that it stores pointers to other dictionaries, files and executable programs. The master dictionary also contains the command-line language.

All files (accounts, dictionaries, files, sub-files) are organized identically, as are all records. This uniformity is exploited throughout the system, both by system functions, and by the system administration commands. For example, the "find" command will find and report the occurrence of a word or phrase in a file, and can operate on any account, dictionary, file or sub-file.

Each record must have a unique primary key which determines where in a file that record is stored. To retrieve a record, its key is hashed and the resultant value specifies which of a set of discrete "buckets" (called "groups") to look in for the record. Within a bucket, records are scanned sequentially. Therefore, most records (e.g. a complete document) can be read using one single disk-read operation. This same method is used to write the record back to its correct "bucket".

In its initial implementation, Pick records were limited to 32 KB in total when a 10 MB hard disk cost , and this limit was removed in the 1980s. Files can contain an unlimited number of records, but retrieval efficiency is determined by the number of records relative to the number of buckets allocated to the file. Each file may be initially allocated as many buckets as required, although changing this extent later may (for some file types) require the file to be quiescent. All modern multi-value databases have a special file-type which changes extent dynamically as the file is used. These use a technique called linear hashing, whose cost is proportional to the change in file size, not (as in typical hashed files) the file size itself. All files start as a contiguous group of disk pages, and grow by linking additional "overflow" pages from unused disk space.

Initial Pick implementations had no index structures as they were not deemed necessary. Around 1990, a B-tree indexing feature was added. This feature made secondary key look-ups operate much like keyed inquiries of any other database system: requiring at least two disk reads (a key read then a data-record read).

Pick data files are usually two levels. The first level is known as the "dictionary" level. It contains:

 Dictionary itemsthe optional items that serve as definitions for the names and structure of the items in the data fork, used in reporting
 The data-level identifiera pointer to the second or "data" level of the file

Files created with only one level are, by default, dictionary files. Some versions of the Pick system allow multiple data levels to be linked to one dictionary level file, in which case there would be multiple data-level identifiers in the dictionary file.

A Pick database has no data typing, since all data is stored as characters, including numbers (which are stored as character decimal digits). Data integrity, rather than being controlled by the system, is controlled by the applications and the discipline of the programmers. Because a logical document in Pick is not fragmented (as it would be in SQL), intra-record integrity is automatic.

In contrast to many SQL database systems, Pick allows for multiple, pre-computed field aliases. For example, a date field may have an alias definition for the format "12 Oct 1999", and another alias formatting that same date field as "10/12/99". File cross-connects or joins are handled as a synonym definition of the foreign key. A customer's data, such as name and address, are "joined" from the customer file into the invoice file via a synonym definition of "customer number" in the "invoice" dictionary.

Pick record structure favors a non-first-normal-form composition, where all of the data for an entity is stored in a single record, obviating the need to perform joins. Managing large, sparse data sets in this way can result in efficient use of storage space. This is why these databases are sometimes called NF2 or NF-squared databases.

History
Pick was originally implemented as the Generalized Information Retrieval Language System (GIRLS) on an IBM System/360 in 1965 by Don Nelson and Dick Pick at TRW, whose government contract for the Cheyenne Helicopter project required developing a database. It was supposed to be used by the U.S. Army to control the inventory of Cheyenne helicopter parts.

Pick was subsequently commercially released in 1973 by Microdata Corporation (and its British distributor CMC) as the Reality Operating System now supplied by Northgate Information Solutions. McDonnell Douglas bought Microdata in 1981.

Originally on the Microdata implementation, and subsequently implemented on all Pick systems, a BASIC language called Data/BASIC with numerous syntax extensions for smart terminal interface and database operations was the primary programming language for applications. A PROC procedure language was provided for executing scripts. A SQL-style language called ENGLISH allowed database retrieval and reporting, but not updates (although later, the ENGLISH command "REFORMAT" allowed updates on a batch basis). ENGLISH did not fully allow manipulating the 3-dimensional multivalued structure of data records. Nor did it directly provide common relational capabilities such as joins. This was because powerful data dictionary redefinitions for a field allowed joins via the execution of a calculated lookup in another file. The system included a spooler. A simple text editor for file-system records was provided, but the editor was only suitable for system maintenance, and could not lock records, so most applications were written with the other tools such as Batch, RPL, or the BASIC language so as to ensure data validation and allow record locking.

By the early 1980s observers saw the Pick Operating System as a strong competitor to Unix. BYTE in 1984 stated that "Pick is simple and powerful, and it seems to be efficient and reliable, too ... because it works well as a multiuser system, it's probably the most cost-effective way to use an XT". Dick Pick founded Pick & Associates, later renamed Pick Systems, then Raining Data,then () TigerLogic, and finally Rocket Software. He licensed "Pick" to a large variety of manufacturers and vendors who have produced different "flavors" of Pick. The database flavors sold by TigerLogic were D3, mvBase, and mvEnterprise. Those previously sold by IBM under the "U2" umbrella are known as UniData and UniVerse. Rocket Software purchased IBM's U2 family of products in 2010 and TigerLogic's D3 and mvBase family of products in 2014. In 2021, Rocket acquired OpenQM and jBASE as well.

Dick Pick died aged 56 of stroke complications in October 1994.

Pick Systems often became tangled in licensing litigation, and devoted relatively little effort to marketing and improving its software. Subsequent ports of Pick to other platforms generally offered the same tools and capabilities for many years, usually with relatively minor improvements and simply renamed (for example, Data/BASIC became Pick/BASIC and ENGLISH became ACCESS). Licensees often developed proprietary variations and enhancements; for example, Microdata created an input processor called ScreenPro.

Derivative and related products

The Pick database was licensed to roughly three dozen licensees between 1978 and 1984. Application-compatible implementations evolved into derivatives and also inspired similar systems.

 Reality – The first implementation of the Pick database was on a Microdata platform using firmware and called Reality. The first commercial release was in 1973. Microdata acquired CMC Ltd. in the early 80s and were based in Hemel Hempstead, England. The Microdata implementations ran in firmware, so each upgrade had to be accompanied by a new configuration chip. Microdata itself was eventually bought by McDonnell Douglas Information Systems. Pick and Microdata sued each other for the right to market the database, the final judgment being that they both had the right. In addition to the Reality Sequoia and Pegasus series of computers, Microdata and CMC Ltd. sold the Sequel (Sequoia) series which was a much larger class able to handle over 1000 simultaneous users. The earlier Reality minicomputers were known to handle well over 200 simultaneous users, although performance was slow and it was above the official limit. Pegasus systems superseded Sequoia and could handle even more simultaneous users than its predecessors. The modern version of this original Pick implementation is owned and distributed by Northgate Information Solutions Reality.
 Ultimate – The second implementation of the Pick database was developed in about 1978 by an American company called The Ultimate Corp, run by Ted Sabarese. Like the earlier Microdata port, this was a firmware implementation, with the Pick instruction set in firmware and the monitor in assembly code on a Honeywell Level 6 machine. The system had dual personalities in that the monitor/kernel functions (mostly hardware I/O and scheduling) were executed by the native Honeywell Level 6 instruction set. When the monitor "select next user" for activation control was passed to the Honeywell WCS (writable control store) to execute Pick assembler code (implemented in microcode) for the selected process. When the user's time slice expired control was passed back to the kernel running the native Level 6 instruction set.
 Ultimate took this concept further with the DEC LSI/11 family of products by implementing a co-processor in hardware (bit-slice, firmware driven). Instead of a single processor with a WCS microcode enhanced instruction set, this configuration used two independent but cooperating CPUs. The LSI11 CPU executed the monitor functions and the co-processor executed the Pick assembler instruction set. The efficiencies of this approach resulted in a 2× performance improvement. The co-processor concept was used again to create a 5×, 7×, and dual-7× versions for Honeywell Level 6 systems. Dual ported memory with private busses to the co-processors were used to increase performance of the LSI11 and Level 6 systems.
 Another version used a DEC LSI-11 for the IOP and a 7X board. Ultimate enjoyed moderate success during the 1980s, and even included an implementation running as a layer on top of DEC VAX systems, the 750, 780, 785, and later the MicroVAX. Ultimate also had versions of the Ultimate Operating System running on IBM 370 series systems (under VM and native) and also the 9370 series computers. Ultimate was renamed Allerion, Inc., before liquidation of its assets. Most assets were acquired by Groupe Bull, and consisted of mostly maintaining extant hardware. Bull had its own problems and in approximately 1994 the US maintenance operation was sold to Wang.
 Prime INFORMATION – Devcom, a Microdata reseller, wrote a Pick-style database system called INFORMATION in FORTRAN and assembler in 1979 to run on Prime Computer 50-series systems. It was then sold to Prime Computer and renamed Prime INFORMATION. It was subsequently sold to VMark Software Inc. This was the first of the guest operating environment implementations. INFO/BASIC, a variant of Dartmouth BASIC, was used for database applications.
 Applied Digital Data Systems (ADDS) – First developed in 1981. This was the first implementation to be done in software only, so upgrades were accomplished by a tape load, rather than a new chip. The "Mentor" line was initially based on the Zilog Z-8000 chipset and this port set off a flurry of other software implementations across a wide array of processors with a large emphasis on the Motorola 68000.
 UniVerse – Another implementation of the system, called UniVerse, was created by VMark Software and operated under Unix and Microsoft Windows. This was the first one to incorporate the ability to emulate other implementations of the system, such as Microdata's Reality Operating System, and Prime INFORMATION. Originally running on Unix, it was later also made available for Windows. It now is owned by Rocket Software. (The systems developed by Prime Computer and VMark are now owned by Rocket Software and referred to as "U2".)
 UniData – Very similar to UniVerse, but UniData had facilities to interact with other Windows applications. It is also owned and distributed by Rocket Software.
 PI/open – Prime Computer rewrote Prime INFORMATION in C for the Unix-based systems it was selling, calling it PI+. It was then ported to other Unix systems offered by other hardware vendors and renamed PI/open.
 Fujitsu Microsystems of America – Another software implementation, existing in the late 1980s. Fujitsu Microsystems of America was acquired by Alpha Microsystems on October 28, 1989.
 Pyramid – Another software implementation in the 1980s
 General Automation "Zebra" – Another software implementation in the 1980s
 Altos – A software implementation on an 8086 chipset platform launched around 1983.
 WICAT/Pick – Another software implementation existing in the 1980s
 Sequoia – Another software implementation, existing from 1984. Sequoia was most well known for its fault-tolerant multi-processor model, which could be dialed into with the user's permission and his switching terminal zero to remote with the key on the system consol. He could watch what was done by the support person who had dialed on his terminal 0, a printer with a keyboard. Pegasus came out in 1987. The Enterprise Systems business unit (which was the unit that sold Pick), was sold to General Automation in 1996/1997.
 Revelation – In 1984, Cosmos released a Pick-style database called Revelation, later Advanced Revelation, for DOS on the IBM PC. Advanced Revelation is now owned by Revelation Technologies, which publishes a GUI-enabled version called OpenInsight.
 jBASE – jBASE was released in 1991 by a small company of the same name in Hemel Hempstead, England. Written by former Microdata engineers, jBASE emulates all implementations of the system to some degree. jBASE compiles applications to native machine code form, rather than to an intermediate byte code. In 2015, cloud solutions provider Zumasys in Irvine, California, acquired the jBASE distribution rights from Mpower1 as well as the intellectual property from Temenos Group. On 14 Oct 2021, Zumasys announced they had sold their databases and tools, including jBASE to Rocket Software.
 UniVision – UniVision was a Pick-style database designed as a replacement for the Mentor version, but with extended features, released in 1992 by EDP in Sheffield, England.
 OpenQM – The only MultiValue database product available both as a fully supported non-open source commercial product and in open source form under the General Public License. OpenQM is available from its exclusive worldwide distributor, Zumasys.
 Caché – In 2005 InterSystems, the maker of Caché database, announced support for a broad set of MultiValue extensions, Caché for MultiValue.
 ONware – ONware equips MultiValue applications with the ability to use common databases such as Oracle and SQL Server. Using ONware, MultiValue applications can be integrated with relational, object, and object-relational applications.
 D3 – Pick Systems ported the Pick Operating System to run as a database product utilizing host operating systems such as Unix, Linux, or Windows servers, with the data stored within the file system of the host operating system. Previous Unix or Windows versions had to run in a separate partition, which made interfacing with other applications difficult. The D3 releases opened the possibility of integrating internet access to the database or interfacing to popular word processing and spreadsheet applications, which has been successfully demonstrated by a number of users. The D3 family of databases and related tools is owned and distributed by Rocket Software.

Through the implementations above, and others, Pick-like systems became available as database, programming, and emulation environments running under many variants of Unix and Microsoft Windows.

See also
 MUMPS, the predecessor of Caché

References

Bibliography
 The REALITY Pocket Guide ; Jonathan E. Sisk ; Irvine, CA ; JES & Associates, Inc. ; 1981
 The PICK Pocket Guide, 5th edition; Jonathan E. Sisk ; Irvine, CA ; Pick Systems ; 1982
 Exploring The Pick Operating System, 2nd Edition ; Jonathan E. Sisk ; Steve VanArsdale ; Hasbrouck Heights, N.J. ; Hayden Book Co. 1985.

 The Pick Pocket Guide, 5th Edition ; Jonathan E. Sisk ; Desk reference ed ; Hasbrouck Heights, N.J. ; Hayden Book Co. 1985.
 The Pick Perspective ; Ian Jeffrey Sandler ; Blue Ridge Summit, PA ; TAB Professional and Reference Books; 1989.  Part of The Pick Library Series, Edited by Jonathan E. Sisk
 Pick for Professionals : Advanced Methods and Techniques ; Harvey Rodstein ; Blue Ridge Summit, PA ; TAB Professional and Reference Books; 1990.  Part of The Pick Library Series, Edited by Jonathan E. Sisk
 Encyclopedia PICK (EPICK) ; Jonathan E. Sisk ; Irvine, CA ; Pick Systems ; 1992
 Le Système d'exploitation PICK ; Malcolm Bull ; Paris: Masson, 1989.
 The Pick operating system ; Joseph St John Bate; Mike Wyatt; New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1986.
 The Pick operating system ; Malcolm Bull ; London ; New York : Chapman and Hall, 1987.
 Systeme pick ; Patrick Roussel, Pierre Redoin, Michel Martin ; Paris: CEdi Test, 1988.
 Advanced PICK et UNIX : la nouvelle norme informatique ; Bruno Beninca; Aulnay-sous-Bois, Seine-Saint-Denis ; Relais Informatique International, 1990.
 Le systeme PICK : mode d'emploi d'un nouveau standard informatique ; Michel Lallement, Jeanne-Françoise Beltzer; Aulnay-sous-Bois, Seine-Saint-Denis ; Relais Informatique International, 1987.
 The Pick operating system : a practical guide ; Roger J Bourdon; Wokingham, England ; Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1987.
 Le Système d'éxploitation : réalités et perspectives ; Bernard de Coux; Paris : Afnor, 1988.
 Pick BASIC : A Programmer's Guide ; Jonathan E Sisk;Blue Ridge Summit, PA : TAB Professional and Reference Books, 1987.  Part of The Pick Library Series, Edited by Jonathan E. Sisk
Pick BASIC : a reference guide ; Linda Mui; Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly & Associates, 1990.
Programming with IBM PC Basic and the Pick database system ; Blue Ridge Summit, PA : TAB Books, 1990.  Part of The Pick Library Series, Edited by Jonathan E. Sisk
An overview of PICK system ;Shailesh Kamat; 1993.

Pick: A Multilingual Operating System ; Charles M. Somerville; Computer Language Magazine, May 1987, p. 34.
Encyclopedia Pick (EPICK); Jonathan E. Sisk; Pick Systems, 1993

External links
Photo of Dick Pick in his anti-gravity boots on the cover of Computer Systems News, 1983.
Life the Universe and Everything: introduction to and online training course in Universe developed by Pick software engineer Manny Neira.
Video: "History of the PICK System" made in 1990
Pick Publications Database
1987 Interview with Dick Pick in the Pick Pavilion at COMDEX
1990 Interview with Dick Pick in the Pick Pavilion at COMDEX
1990 Interview with Jonathan Sisk in the Pick Pavilion at COMDEX
1991 Pick Rap Show at COMDEX, co-written by Jonathan Sisk and John Treankler
1992 Video of Dick and Zion Pick, who appeared in the Ross Perot campaign rally - includes entire unedited Perot speech
An insightful early history of the Pick System, by Chandru Murthi, who was there at the time
1984 PC Magazine article "Choosing the Pick of the Litter", by Jonathan E. Sisk and Steve VanArsdale
Database Management Approach to Operating Systems Development, by Richard A. Pick Chapter 5 of New Directions for Database Systems, Gad Ariav, James Clifford editors
Doing More With Less Hardware, Computer History Museum piece on Pick

1965 software
Data processing
Legacy systems
Proprietary database management systems
Proprietary operating systems
Assembly language software
Time-sharing operating systems
X86 operating systems
68k architecture

Pick operating system


Alvydas Katinas (* 29. Januar 1960 in Utena) ist ein litauischer Politiker.

Biografie
Nach dem Abitur 1978 an der 2. Mittelschule Utena absolvierte er 1982 das Studium der Lituanistik am Vilniaus pedagoginis institutas und wurde Lehrer. Von 1982 bis 1987 arbeitete er in der Mittelschule Leliūnai.
Von 2001 bis 2003 war er stellvertretender Bürgermeister von Utena. Seit 2003 ist er Bürgermeister der Rajongemeinde. Im März 2015 wurde er zum Bürgermeister bei den direkten Wahlen der litauischen Bürgermeister mit der Stimmenmehrheit von 65,86 % schon im ersten Wahlgang gewählt.

Bibliografie
 Wände aus Wind (Gedichte)  // Sienos iš vėjo, eilėraščiai, 2006

Einzelnachweise

Bürgermeister (Utena)
Geboren 1960
Mann
Litauer
Absolvent der Litauischen Universität für Edukologie
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)

Alvydas Katinas