My Name Is ist eine deutsche Imitatoren-Castingshow auf RTL II. Die Teilnehmer imitieren ihr Idol, zum Beispiel im Singen oder Tanzen. Die Show findet in Düsseldorf statt. Die Zuschauer stimmen per Televoting ab, welche beiden Kandidaten siegen.

Staffel 1
Die erste Staffel des Formates begann im Jahre 2011. Die dreiköpfige Jury bestand aus Schlagersängerin Michelle, Model Alessandra Pocher und Musikproduzent Maarten Steinkamp. Sie entschieden, ob der Kandidat weiterkam oder gehen musste. Es gab einen Kinder-Sieger und einen Erwachsenen-Sieger. Kinder-Sieger wurde Justin-Bieber-Imitator Linus. Der Sieger der Erwachsenen wurde Robbie-Williams-Imitator Mario.

Staffel 2
Die zweite Staffel fand seit April 2012 statt. Die Jury blieb gleich. Neu eingeführt wurde die "K.-o.-Runde", wo zwei Kandidaten gegeneinander auftreten. Dabei entscheidet die Jury, wer weiterkommt. Im Finale traten acht Kandidaten gegeneinander an. Als Stargäste waren Robert und Carmen Geiss geladen. Gewinner der zweiten Staffel wurde Christian Sander mit der Cover-Band Weissglut – A Tribute To Rammstein als Imitatoren der Gruppe Rammstein. Sieger der Kinder wurde Adele-Imitatorin Maria.

Weblinks
 Homepage der Produktionsfirma (UFA Show)
 IMDb-Eintrag

Einzelnachweise

Musiksendung (Fernsehen)
Castingshow
RTL II
Fernsehsendung (Deutschland)
Fernsehsendung der 2010er Jahre

My Name Is (Serie)


Laurent Wéry (* 1975 in Aalst) ist ein belgischer DJ und Musikproduzent.

Werdegang
Gleich mit seiner ersten Single My Sound erreichte er Platz 20 in den flämischen Charts. Nach weiteren Singles, die sich in den Charts platzieren konnten, erschien im Juli 2010 sein Debütalbum Ready for the Night.

Der internationale Durchbruch gelang ihm 2012 mit der Single Hey Hey Hey (Pop Another Bottle), die in Australien Platz 2 erreichte.

Diskografie
Alben
 2010: Ready for the Night

Singles
 2009: My Sound
 2009: Looking at Me (J'aime regarder) (versus Sir-G)
 2009: On the Dancefloor
 2009: Nagasaki
 2010: Get Down
 2010: Ready for the Night
 2011: Hey Hey Hey (Laurent Wéry presents Swiftkid)
 2011: Salva mea
 2012: Hey Hey Hey (Pop Another Bottle) (featuring Swift K.I.D. & Dev)
 2012: I'm Going In (featuring Clarence)
 2013: Ride Like the Wind (featuring Joss Mendosah)
 2013: Up 2 the Sky (featuring Mr. Shammi)
 2014: To Brazil
 2014: See the Light (featuring Sean Declase)

Quellen

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

DJ
Belgier
Geboren 1975
Mann

Laurent Wéry


Anthony Cumia (født 26. april 1961) er en amerikansk skuespiller og komiker.

Eksterne henvisninger

Personer fra Elwood
Skuespillere fra New York

Anthony Cumia


Dvorac Dubrava je višeslojni objekt u gradu Pregradi, zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Trokrilni dvorac s unutarnjim dvorištem dala je sagraditi obitelj Keglević, najvjerojatnije 1622. g. Tijekom stoljeća dvorac je doživio nekoliko preinaka, a od 19. st. nosi današnje historicističke karakteristike vidljive na pročeljima u obliku artikuliranih vijenaca, prozora s ravnim nadstrešnicama i plastičnih secesijskih motiva. Jednokatni dvor na dvorišnoj strani raščlanjen je arkadama u centralnoj osi na obje etaže, dok su krila raščlanjena arkadama samo u prizemnom dijelu. Dvor Dubrava s gospodarskim zgradama i ostacima perivoja vrijedan je primjer reprezentativne izgradnje koja koristi i razrađuje formu renesansnog kaštela.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-5268 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro – pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "profana graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene stambene građevine u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji
Dvorci u Hrvatskoj
Građevine u Pregradi

Dvorac Dubrava (Pregrada)


An Rhaphidophora acuminata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Elmer Drew Merrill. An Rhaphidophora acuminata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rhaphidophora, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Philippines. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Rhaphidophora (Araceae)

Rhaphidophora acuminata


Javier Sotomayor Sanabria (d. 13 Ekim 1967), Kübalı eski yüksek atlayıcı.

Javier Sotomayor, 2,45 metreyle dünya rekorunun sahibidir. 1988'de İspanya'nın Salamanca kentindeki yarışmada 2,43 metreyi geçerek İsveçli Patrik Sjöberg'e ait dünya rekorunu bir santimetre geliştirdi. Ancak Küba'nın boykotu sebebiyle 1988 Yaz Olimpiyatları'na katılamadı. Ertesi yıl Porto Riko'daki Orta Amerika ve Karayipler Oyunları'nda 2,44 metreyi geçerek ikinci dünya rekorunu kırdı. 1993'te yine Salamanca'da kırdığı 2,45 metrelik son dünya rekoruna, aradan geçen 17 yılda pek yaklaşan çıkmadı.

1992 Yaz Olimpiyatları'nda elde ettiği 2,34 metrelik derecesiyle olimpiyat şampiyonu olan ve altın madalya kazanan Sotomayor, 1993 ve 1997 dünya şampiyonalarında da altın madalyaların sahibi oldu. Sotomayor, 2000 Yaz Olimpiyatları'nda ise gümüş madalya kazandı.

1967 doğumlular
Matanzas ili doğumlular
Yaşayan insanlar
Kübalı erkek yüksek atlayıcılar
Kübalı Olimpiyat atletleri
1992 Yaz Olimpiyatları atletleri
1996 Yaz Olimpiyatları atletleri
2000 Yaz Olimpiyatları atletleri
Altın Olimpiyat madalyalı atletler
Gümüş Olimpiyat madalyalı atletler
Altın Olimpiyat madalyalı Kübalı sporcular
Gümüş Olimpiyat madalyalı Kübalı sporcular
1992 Yaz Olimpiyatları'nda madalya kazananlar
2000 Yaz Olimpiyatları'nda madalya kazananlar
1987 Panamerikan Oyunları atletleri
1991 Panamerikan Oyunları atletleri
1995 Panamerikan Oyunları atletleri
1999 Panamerikan Oyunları atletleri
1990 Orta Amerika ve Karayipler Oyunları sporcuları
1993 Orta Amerika ve Karayipler Oyunları sporcuları
1998 Orta Amerika ve Karayipler Oyunları atletleri
1994 İyi Niyet Oyunları atletleri
1998 İyi Niyet Oyunları atletleri
İyi Niyet Oyunları madalyalı atletler
Altın Panamerikan Oyunları madalyalı Kübalı sporcular
Panamerikan Oyunları madalyalı atletler
Dünya Üniversite Oyunları madalyalı atletler
Dünya Atletizm Şampiyonası şampiyonları
Dünya Salon Atletizm Şampiyonası şampiyonları
Dünya rekoru sahibi atletler
Atletizmde doping vakaları

Javier Sotomayor


An Pleurothallis adelphe in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carlyle August Luer ngan Alexander Charles Hirtz. An Pleurothallis adelphe in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pleurothallis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pleurothallis

Pleurothallis adelphe


TAN (em Coreano: 티에이엔  ; acrônimo para To All Nations) é um grupo masculino sul-coreano formado através do programa de competição de sobrevivência da MBC, Wild Idol: Extreme Debut . O grupo é composto por sete membros: Changsun, Taehoon, Jiseong, Sunghyuk, Jaejun, Hyunyeop e Jooan. O grupo estreou em 10 de março de 2022, com seu EP de estreia, 1TAN .

História

Pré-estréia: Wild Idol e apresentações
O grupo TAN foi formado por meio do programa de competição de sobrevivência Wild Idol: Extreme Debut, que foi ao ar de 17 de setembro de 2021, até 16 de dezembro de 2021. Dos inicialmente quarenta e cinco competidores, apenas os sete primeiros com a pontuação mais alta seriam incluídos na escalação final de estreia para o debut.

Antes de aparecer no programa, a maioria dos membros já atuava na indústria do entretenimento. Lee Jae-jun estreou em 2012 como membro do grupo C-Clown sob o nome artístico de Maru, até o grupo se separar em 2015. Ele então estreou com o TREI em 2019, que se desfez no ano seguinte e estreou mais uma vez como metade da dupla JT&Marcus em 2021. Lee Chang-sun ingressou no 24K em 2016. Ambos eram concorrentes no Mix Nine, mas nenhum deles chegou ao final; o último foi eliminado na primeira rodada, ficando em 105º geral, enquanto o primeiro foi eliminado na rodada final. Seo Sung-hyuk terminou em 31º lugar no Produce 101 Season 2, depois fez sua estreia no grupo Rainz em 2017 até que o grupo concluísse suas atividades no ano seguinte. Im Joo-an teve sua estreia com o We in the Zone em 2019 até o grupo se separar, dois anos depois, em 2021. Bang Tae-hoon apareceu brevemente em Cap-Teen . Kim Ji-seong é membro do NTX, eles debutaram no início de 2021.

Em 29 de dezembro de 2021, o grupo TAN fez a sua primeira apresentação ao vivo com a música "Diving to the Top" no 2021 MBC Entertainment Awards . Dois dias depois apresentaram "Last Chance" no MBC Gayo Daejejeon . O grupo performou a música mais uma vez, em seu primeiro programa de música, transmitido no MBC 's Show! Music Core em 8 de janeiro de 2022. Tendo assim  seu primeiro " busking " no Taebaek Gowon Gymnasium em 16 de janeiro de 2022.

Em 2022: Estréia com os álbuns 1TAN e 2TAN + Dream&Deurim
Em 28 de fevereiro de 2022, a produtora Think Entertainment divulgou um cronograma promocional anunciando a estreia do TAN, em 10 de março, com seu primeiro EP 1TAN, tendo como single principal "Du Du Du", também foi lançado como MV (music video). TAN também teve um showcase de estreia na Centennial Hall da Yonsei University no mesmo dia. No dia seguinte, a Think Entertainment anunciou que Jaejun seria um apresentador especial no Show! Music Core por duas semanas a partir de 12 de fevereiro. No mesmo dia, TAN teve sua estreia no Music Bank da KBS2 .

Em 22 de maio, o TAN teve sua segunda exibição no Pohang Space Walk. Após a apresentação, eles anunciaram que fariam um retorno em junho e estragaram partes da nova música. Em 21 de junho, TAN lançou a primeira parte de sua segunda peça estendida 2TAN com seu single principal "Louder". Em 26 de julho, TAN lançou a segunda parte de 2TAN com seu primeiro single "Walking On The Moon". Em 4 de agosto, o nome do grupo foi alterado de TAN ( 탄  ; pronunciado tan ) para TAN ( 티에이엔  ; pronunciando-se agora em inglês: tí êi ên ).

Em 11 de outubro, TAN lançou seu primeiro álbum single Dream & Deurim com o single principal "Beautiful Lie".

Membros do Grupo

 Changsun ( 창선 ) líder
 Jooan (  ) vocalista
 Jaejun (  ) protagonista
 Sunghyuk (  ) cantor
 Hyunyeop (  ) vocalista
 Taehoon (  ) dançarino
 Jiseong (  ) rapper

Discografia

EPs (extended plays)
Mini Álbuns

Álbuns individuais

Músicas

Outras músicas nas paradas

Filmografia

Shows de televisão

Embaixada

 Embaixador para Untangodo 1330 (2022)

Notas

Referências

Boy bands da Coreia do Sul
Bandas formadas em 2021
Fundações na Coreia do Sul em 2021
Bandas de K-pop

TAN (grupo)


الدودة هو مصطلح يستخدم للتعبير عن حيوانات قد لا تكون قريبة الارتباط من ناحية التصنيف لكن لأجسامها أشكال طويلة إسطوانية بدون أي أرجل. تكون معظم الديدان من اللافقاريات، إلا أن هناك بعض الديدان من البرمائيات، أو بعض السحالي التي ليس لها أرجل، والدودة تتحول ولا ترجع دودةً مجدداً.
في الربيع تخرج يرقة من كل بيضة وتبدو كالدودة ذات الأرجل. وهي لا تشبه أمها أو أباها... – ليس من حيث المظهر الخارجي ولا من حيث المأكل ولا من حيث المحيط الذي تعيش فيه.
وتقضي اليرقة معظم وقتها في تناول الطعام، وفي الواقع في تناول كميات كبيرة من الطعام. هناك أنواع من الفراش يزيد وزنها بـ9000 ضعف خلال شهر، ولو نما وتطور طفل معين مثل اليرقة، لأصبح وزنه كوزن الفيل خلال أسبوع. ومن الواضح بالنسبة لكم أن هذا وزن كبير وضخم.
إن جلد اليرقة لا يكبر مع باقي أنسجة الجسم، ولذلك تقوم اليرقة من فترة إلى أخرى بإزالة الجلد وتطوير جلد آخر جديد أكبر من سابقه مكان الجلد القديم. ويطلق على هذه العملية اسم الانسلاخ.

وبعد عدة أسابيع، تأخذ اليرقة مكانـًا لها (على نبتة أو على الأرض، حسب نوع الفراشة) ومن ثم تتحول اليرقة إلى خادرة. وفي هذه المرحلة تبدو الخادرة وكأنها جسم صامت – علبة أو درنة (وهذا أيضًا متعلق بنوع الفراشة). فهي لا تأكل ولا تتحرك من مكانها (لكنها كائن حي). وفي داخل العلبة تحدث تطورات معينة وفي نهاية الأمر تخرج الفراشة من الخادرة.
حمراء أو صفراء، منقطة (مرقطة) أو ذات رسم على الجناحين. لكل نوع هناك ألوان خاصة به.

مصادر

أصنوفات حيوانات متروكة

دودة


San Lorenzo de Arnoso es una parroquia que se encuentra en el municipio de Puenteareas (Pontevedra).

Limita al norte y al oeste con la parroquia de Santa Mariña de Xinzo, al este con la de Santa María de Areas y al sur con la de Gulanes.

Demografía
Según el censo municipal de 2014 tenía 257 habitantes 120 hombres y 137 mujeres) (fuente del I.N.E.) distribuidos en 5 entidades de población, lo que representa una disminución con respecto al año 1999, cuando tenía 276 habitantes.

Iglesia
Su iglesia está dedicada a San Lorenzo y fue construida en 1861, registrando sólo la totalidad del retablo neoclásico.

En la parte exterior se encuentran dos cruceros, uno enfrente de dicha iglesia y otro a un lado de este.

Se pueden apreciar también 3 cruces que representan el Calvario.

Historia

Para algunos historiadores la donación del rey Alfonso III a Santiago de Compostela (Tumbo A), de los años 893 y 899, podría referirse a esta parroquia y no al vecino. Entre ellos Antonio López Ferreiro en su libro "Historia de la Santa A.M. Iglesia de Santiago de Compostela".

Como en el libro "Estudios de hidronimia paleoeuropea gallega" de Edelmiro Bascuas.

Aparece dicha donación en el Tumbo A de la catedral de Santiago con fecha del 25 de julio del año 893:
"offerimus atque donamus glorie uestre pro uictu fratrum in loco uestro degentium et sustentacione pauperum seu peregrinorum adueniencium uel ibi commorantium ecclesiam Sancte Marie, nobis iure debita, que est est fundata in uilla quam dicunt Arenosium iuxta fluuium Tena."

La segunda mención en dicho manuscrito corresponde a la fecha del 6 de mayo del año 899 en la que se reiteran y confirman las donaciones anteriores hechas al obispo Sisnando: "item et ecclesiam Sancte Marie in Arenoso juxta fluuium Tena cum cunctis prestationibus suis."

Vuelve a aparecer esta parroquia en un manuscrito datado el 29 de marzo de 1223 en el que Urraca Gomit vende al monasterio de Santa María de Melón (Orense) unas herdades en Arnoso, Arais y San Lorenzo por 100 sueldos:
"In Dei nomine. Ego Urraca Gomit facio cartam in centum aureis roboratam vobis domno
Vermudo abbati de Melon et Gomecio priori et conventui de omni hereditate quam habeo in
Arnusu et in Sancto Laurentio vel debeo habere ego et omnis vox mea."
Continuación de dicho manuscrito
"De omni hereditate vobis vendita tam in Arnusu quam in Arais vel in Sancto Laurentio,
quantum habeo, in iure vestro maneat sine omni calumpnia."

El 12 de octubre de 1347, María de Segemonde otorga carta de desembargo de bienes a favor del mismo monasterio de un casal, heredad, derechuras y otras pertenencias del lagar llamado casal de María, en la feligresía de San Lorenzo de Arnoso, que ella y su difunto marido Gil Rodríguez le habían usurpado a este.

El 28 de julio de 1752 se lleva a cabo el catastro de Ensenada (1749), por orden de Fernando VII, en el que se dejan por escrito los datos de dicha parroquia.
De este documento se puede extraer que en Arnoso había en dicha fecha 87 vecinos, 90 casas habitables, 10 inhabitables y 12 arruinadas.

Contaba con 3 molinos de agua:

-	Molino de Vichiña

-	Molino de Outeiriño

-	Molino de Foxiño

Había también 2 tabernas y 28 colmenas.

Lugares
Sus núcleos de población son: O Cotarel, Oliveira (A Oliveira), Souto da Presa (O Souto da Presa), Outeiriño (O Outeiriño), Muxena (A Muxena) y Covelo (O Covelo).

Referencias

Parroquias de Puenteareas

Arnoso (Puenteareas)


Onthophagus pennsylvanicus é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Harold em 1871.

Referências

Ligações externas

pennsylvanicus
Coleópteros descritos em 1871

Onthophagus pennsylvanicus


Vincenzo Montella (d. 18 Haziran 1974; Pomigliano d'Arco, Campania), İtalyan eski millî futbolcu, teknik direktör. Türkiye millî futbol takımını çalıştırmaktadır.

Futbolculuk kariyeri
Montella futbolculuk kariyerine o zamanlar İtalya'nın 3. Ligi'nde oynayan Empoli'de başladı. 1996 yılında Serie B'de oynayan Genoa'ya geçti. Gittiği ilk sezonda attığı 21 gol Serie A kulüplerinden Sampdoria'ya transfer olmasını sağladı. 1999 yılında Sampdoria küme düşünce 15,3 milyon £ karşılığında AS Roma'ya transfer oldu. 2001 yılında AS Roma'nın Serie A'yı kazanmasında rol oynadı.

Montella İtalya millî futbol takımı formasını ilk defa 5 Haziran 1999'da Galler karşısında giydi. İtalya'nın 2000 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası ve 2002 FIFA Dünya Kupası kadrolarında yer aldı.

Montella en iyi performanslarından birini Mart 2002'deki Roma derbisinde Lazio'ya karşı koydu. AS Roma ezeli rakibi Lazio'yu 5-1 ile geçerken Montella'nın 4 golde imzası vardı.

Onun için 2005-06 sezonu pek parlak geçmedi. Omzundan geçirdiği sakatlık nedeniyle sadece 12 maçta forma giyebildi.

Teknik direktörlük kariyeri

AS Roma
21 Şubat 2010 tarihinde AS Roma kulübünden yapılan resmî açıklamayla Claudio Ranieri'den boşalan teknik direktörlük pozisyonuna getirilmiştir.

Catania
9 Haziran 2011'de ise Calcio Catania'nın teknik direktörü oldu.

ACF Fiorentina

1. dönem
2012'de ise Prandelli'nin İtalya millî futbol takımının başına getirilmesinin ardından Fiorentina'nın başına getirildi. Fiorentina ile birlikte 3 sezon üst üste ilk 4'e girmeyi başardı ve UEFA Avrupa Liginde(2014-15) yarı finale çıktı.

2. dönem
10 Nisan 2019'da Montella, Stefano Pioli'nin istifasının ardından tekrar Fiorentina'ya döndü. 8-9 aylık bu süreç tekrar son buldu.

AC Milan
28 Haziran 2016'da Milanın başına getirildi.

Sevilla FC
Milandan sonra 28 Aralık 2017 yılında Sevilla'ya teknik adam olan Montella, Sevilla ile Kral Kupası finali ve Sevilla kulüp tarihinde ilk kez Şampiyonlar Ligi çeyrek finaline Manchester United'ı yenerek yükseldi.

Adana Demirspor
31 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde, Montella Adana'ya geldi. Montella'yı Adana Demirspor Başkan Vekili Metin Korkmaz, Sportif Direktör Gökhan Göktürk ve taraftarlar karşıladı. 1 Eylül 2021 tarihinde ise kulüp Twitter adresinden, Montella ile 2 yıllık anlaşma sağlandığı duyurulmuştur. Samet Aybaba'nın yerine göreve başladığı Adana Demirspor'u ilk sezonunda ligte 9., 2022-23 sezonunda ise tarihte en başarılı konumu olan 4. yapmıştır. 12 Haziran 2023 tarihinde kulüpten yapılan açıklamada karşılıklı anlaşmayla yolların ayrıdığı ifade edilmiştir.

Türkiye Milli Takımı
Montella, 21 Eylül 2023'te Türk Milli Takımı'nın teknik direktörü oldu.

Başarıları

Oyuncu

Kulüp
 Genoa
 Anglo-İtalyan Kupası: 1995–96

 Roma
 Serie A: 2000–01
 Supercoppa Italiana: 2001

Uluslararası
 İtalya
UEFA European Championship ikincilik: 2000

Menajer
 Milan
Supercoppa Italiana: 2016

Bireysel
 Enzo Bearzot Award: 2013
 A.S. Roma Hall of Fame: 2013

Madalyalar
  5. Sınıf / Şövalye: İtalya Cumhuriyeti Liyakat Nişanı: 2000

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Football Database'de Montella'nın Profili

1974 doğumlular
Yaşayan insanlar
Napoli ili doğumlular
İtalyan futbolcular
İtalyan teknik direktörler
İtalyan gurbetçi futbolcular
İtalya millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Empoli FC futbolcuları
Genoa CFC futbolcuları
UC Sampdoria futbolcuları
AS Roma futbolcuları
Fulham FC futbolcuları
İngiltere'deki gurbetçi futbolcular
Serie A futbolcuları
Serie B futbolcuları
Premier League futbolcuları
2000 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası futbolcuları
2002 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
AS Roma teknik direktörleri
Calcio Catania teknik direktörleri
ACF Fiorentina teknik direktörleri
Serie A teknik direktörleri
İngiltere'deki İtalyan gurbetçiler
Forvet futbolcular
Süper Lig teknik direktörleri
Adana Demirspor teknik direktörleri
Türkiye millî futbol takımı teknik direktörleri

Vincenzo Montella


Julius Kaltenbach (* 1858 in Niederweiler; † 1931 in Haagen im Wiesental) war ein deutscher Maschinenbauer und der Unternehmensgründer eines Maschinenbauunternehmens, dessen Nachfolgegesellschaft 2012 das 125-jährige Jubiläum feierte.

Leben und Wirken
Julius Kaltenbach kam 1858 als drittes Kind des Ehepaars Jakob und Anna Kaltenbach zur Welt. Sein Elternhaus in Niederweiler bei Müllheim bot einer großen Familie Platz; bei der Geburt des dreizehnten Kindes starb die Mutter Anna Maria. Sein Vater Jakob Friedrich Kaltenbach braute Bier und zapfte es in seinem "Gasthaus zur Alten Brauerei"; auch als Landwirt war er tätig. Für Julius fand der Vater in Basel eine Lehrstelle als Mechanikern und verfolgt von Niederweiler aus die Wanderjahre des Gesellen.

Nach drei Jahren Arbeit als Meister beim Werkzeugmaschinenbauer G. Kärger in Berlin kehrte Julius Kaltenbach ins Markgräflerland zurück und machte sich selbstständig. In Haagen im Wiesental (heute Lörrach-Haagen) kaufte er am Kanal 1887 eine Schlosserei und firmierte als "Julius Kaltenbach, Haagen (Baden) – Spezialität Werkzeugmaschinen". Seine Ehefrau Bertha Reinert fand er in der Wirtstochter im nahen "Gasthaus zur Linde". Nach der Hochzeit 1892 erfolgte der Umzug in den Firmenneubau in der Güterstraße 45 in Lörrach. Hier wuchsen die gemeinsamen Kinder Julius d. Jüngere und Hans auf. Der findige Firmengründer Julius Kaltenbach führte sein Unternehmen fast vier Jahrzehnte lang, bis er die Werkzeugmaschinensparte 1926 an seinen Sohn Hans und die Landmaschinensparte an seinen Sohn Julius Kaltenbach übergab.

Weblinks
 Website der Kaltenbach-Gruppe
 Schlosserei Keimzelle der Weltfirma Kaltenbach

Literatur und Textnachweis
 Kaltenbach – Aus Lörrach in die Welt. Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung 125 Jahre Kaltenbach im Museum am Burghof. Lutz, Lörrach 2012, ISBN 978-3-922107-94-1.
 Texte der Kaltenbach Ausstellung im Museum am Burghof verfasst von Wolfgang Göckel und Waltraut Hupfer 2012.

Einzelnachweise

Unternehmer (Baden)
Person (Lörrach)
Deutscher
Geboren 1858
Gestorben 1931
Mann

Julius Kaltenbach


ستوارت روزا  هو أحد رواد الفضاء الأمريكيين الذين قاموا برحلات إلى القمر في برنامج أبولو.
ولد ستوارت روزا في 16 أغسطس 1933 وتوفي في 12 ديسمبر 1994. كان روزا ربانا للمركبة الفضائية Command/Service Module خلال البعثة أبولو 14 مع ألان شيبارد الذي كان قائدا للطاقم، وزميلهما الثالث إدجار ميتشيل. واستغرقت الرحلة من 31 يناير حتى 9 فبراير 1971، وكانت هذه هي الرحلة الثالثة التي يهبط فيها الإنسان إلى سطح القمر ومشي شيبارد وميتشيل على سطح القمر بينما بقي ستوارت يدور في مدار حول القمر على ارتفاع 110 كيلومتر إلى حين أن يصعد زميلاه إليه من سطح القمر بواسطة المركبة القمرية Lunar Module. وبينما أمضى شيبارد وميتشيل يومين على سطح القمر في التنقيب عن عينات مناسبة من الصخور، قام روزا بعدة تجارب وهو في المركبة الفضائية المسماة كيتي هوك. ينتمي ستوارت روزا إلى 24 من رواد الفضاء الذين قاموا برحلات إلى القمر حتي الآن.
 خلال بعثة أبولو 14 بدأ الكونغرس الأمريكي يفكر في خفض ميزانية ناسا المتعلقة برحلات إلى القمر، مما جعل ناسا تشطب عدد الرحلات المخصصة إلى القمر وقامت بإلغاء رحلات أبولو 18 و 19 و 20. لهذا أسف رواد الفضاء لتلك السياسة وقرب انتهاء الرحلات إلى القمر وغزو الفضاء والاقتصار على برنامج سكايلاب والبقاء في مدار حول الأرض. وعندما كان ستوارت روزا يزور مصر في أوائل الثمانينيات من القرن الماضي وكان يزور موقع المسلة المصرية التي لم تكتمل أيام قدماء المصريين (كانت ستكون أكبر مسلة يقوم بإنشائها البشر، فوزنها يقرب من 1100 طن). قال روزا آنذاك:«إنني عندما شاهدت تلك المسلة التي لم تكتمل أشعر بالأسف لأن المجهودات الجبارة التي قمنا بها للوصول إلى القمر أيضا لم تستكمل ولم يصبح هناك مساعي لغزو القمر».

أشجار القمر

اقرأ أيضا
 نيل أرمسترونج
 بز ألدرن
 مايكل كولينز
 جوردن كوبر
 شارلز كونراد
 جون يونغ
 كين ماتينجلي
 شالز ديوك
 ألان بين
 أبولو 8
 أبولو 10
 أبولو 11
 أبولو 17

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أبولو 14
أشخاص من دورانغو (كولورادو)
أشخاص من كلارمور
أصحاب أعمال أمريكيون في القرن 20
أعضاء قاعة مشاهير رواد الفضاء بالولايات المتحدة
حاصلون على ميدالية الخدمة المتميزة للقوات الجوية
حاصلون على ميدالية الخدمة المتميزة لناسا
خريجو جامعة أريزونا
خريجو جامعة كولورادو
خريجو جامعة أوكلاهوما الحكومية
خريجو كلية تدريب الطيارين الاختباريين الأمريكية
رحلات الفضاء في 1971
رواد فضاء أمريكيون
ضباط بالقوات الجوية الأمريكية
طيارون من كولورادو
مدفونون في مقبرة أرلينغتون الوطنية
مسيرو أعمال أمريكيون
مهندسو فضاء أمريكيون
مهندسون أمريكيون في القرن 20
مواليد 1933
مواليد في دورانغو (كولورادو)
وفيات 1994
وفيات بسبب التهاب البنكرياس
وفيات في فولز تشيرش

ستوارت روزا


Montague Francis Ashley Montagu (nacido Israel Ehrenberg), (Londres, 28 de junio de 1905 - Princeton, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos, 26 de noviembre de 1999) fue un antropólogo británico-estadounidense y humanista, de ascendencia judía, que popularizó temas como la raza y el género y su relación con la política y el desarrollo. Fue ponente (investigador designado), durante 1950, para la declaración de la UNESCO sobre la cuestión racial. De joven cambió su nombre a "Montague Francis Ashley Montagu". Después de mudarse a los Estados Unidos que utilizó el nombre de "Ashley Montagu".

Bibliografía
 Coming Into Being Among the Australian Aborigines, New York: E. P. Dutton & Company, 1938.
 Man's Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race, New York: Harper, 1942.
 On Being Human, New York: H. Schuman, 1950.
 .
 The Direction of Human Development: Biological and Social Bases, New York: Harper, 1955.
 . A critique of Arnold J. Toynbee's seminal A Study of History.
 Anthropology and Human Nature, Boston: P. Sargent, 1957.
 Man: His First Million Years, Cleveland: World Pub. Co., 1957.
 The Cultured Man, Cleveland: World Pub. Co., 1958.
 Human Heredity, Cleveland: World Pub. Co, 1959.
 Life Before Birth, New York: New American Library, 1964.
 The Concept of Race (editor), New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1964.
 Man's Evolution: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology, (co-authored with C. Loring Brace), New York: Macmillan, 1965. Second edition published as Human Evolution: An Introduction to Biological Anthropology, New York: Macmillan, 1977, ISBN 0-02313-190-X.
 The Anatomy of Swearing, New York: Macmillan, 1967.
 Man and Aggression, New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.
 Touching: The Human Significance of The Skin, New York: Columbia University Press, 1971, ISBN 0-23103-488-1
 The Elephant Man: A Study in Human Dignity, New York: Outerbridge and Dienstfrey, 1971.
 Culture and Human Development, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974, ISBN 0-13195-578-0.
 Race and IQ (editor), New York: Oxford University Press, 1975.
 The Nature of Human Aggression, New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.
 Learning Non-Aggression: The Experience of Non-Literate Societies (editor), New York: Oxford University Press, 1978, ISBN 	0-19502-342-0
 The Human Connection (co-authored with Floyd W. Matson), New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979, ISBN 0-07042-840-9.
 .
 Science and Creationism (co-edited with Isaac Asimov), Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1984, ISBN 0-195-03252-7. Features the writing of Roger Lewin, Kenneth R. Miller, Robert Root-Bernstein, George M. Marsden, Stephen Jay Gould, Gunther S. Stent, Kenneth E. Boulding, Garrett Hardin, Laurie R. Godfrey, Isaac Asimov, Sidney W. Fox, L. Beverly Halstead, Roger J. Cuffey, Roy A. Gallant, Robert M. May, Michael Ruse, WIlliam R. Overton, and Sidney Ratner.
 Living and Loving (edited with notes by Tsuyoshi Amemiya and Kazuo Takeno), Tokyo: Kinseido, 1986, ISBN 4-76470-470-6.
 The Peace of The World, Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1987, ISBN 4-32742-050-6.
 The Dehumanization of Man (co-author with Floyd Matson), New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983.

Antropólogos del Reino Unido del siglo XX
Antropólogos de Inglaterra
Antropólogos de Estados Unidos
Científicos sociales de Estados Unidos
Profesores de la Universidad de Princeton
Profesores de la Universidad de Nueva York
Profesores de la Universidad de Harvard
Judíos de Estados Unidos
Judíos de Inglaterra
Escritores judíos
Emigrantes ingleses hacia Estados Unidos
Fallecidos en Princeton (Nueva Jersey)
Nacidos en Londres
Nacionalizados de Estados Unidos
Críticos del creacionismo

Ashley Montagu


Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III: The Manhattan Project este un joc lansat de Konami pentru sistemul de divertisment Nintendo (Family Computer) din Japonia în 1991 și pentru sistemul de divertisment Nintendo din America de Nord în 1992. Este cea de-a treia iterație a jocului video Țestoasele Ninja.

Note

Jocuri video de platformă
Jocuri pentru Nintendo Entertainment System
Jocuri video din 1991


20070 Koichiyuko este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
20070 Koichiyuko este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Ōizumi de Takao Kobayashi. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,27 ua, o excentricitate de 0,22 și o înclinație de 7,2° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 20001-21000
 Centura de asteroizi

Note

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1993
Centura de asteroizi

20070 Koichiyuko


La Ruta de Illinois 158, y abreviada IL 158 (en inglés: Illinois Route 158) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de Illinois. La carretera inicia en el oeste desde la  hacia el este en la . La carretera tiene una longitud de 57,1 km (35.50 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta de Illinois 158 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de Illinois por sus siglas en inglés IDOT.

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial  de IDOT

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de Illinois

Ruta de Illinois 158


Academic Challenge may refer to:

 Academic Challenge (Ohio), a high school quiz program throughout Ohio
 YSU Academic Challenge, a high school and middle school quiz show
 Commissioner's Academic Challenge, a Florida public high school competition

See also
 Academic Games

Academic Challenge


Einar Carl Ditlev greve Reventlow (født 6. januar 1788 i København, død 4. maj 1867 på Pederstrup) var en dansk godsejer og jurist af slægten Reventlow. Einar Reventlow var næstyngste søn af statsminister Christian Ditlev Frederik Reventlow og dennes hustru Frederikke Charlotte, f. von Beulwitz og dermed bror til blandt andre Christian Detlev, Ludwig Detlev og Frederik Detlef Reventlow.

Liv og gerning
Reventlow blev sammen med brødrene Ernst og Fritz student fra Schoubouske Institut 1803, og blev uddannet cand. jur. 1810. Straks derefter udnævntes han til auskultant i Højesteret og fulgte året efter med sin far på en rejse til Norge.

Landmand
I 1813 blev Reventlow nødt til at afbryde sit arbejde i Højesteret på grund af en depression. Efter en kort tid som rekonvalescent på familiens gods Pederstrup på det nordvestlige Lolland flyttede han til sin tante Louise Stolberg og hendes mand Christian zu Stolberg-Stolberg på godset Vindeby i nordlige Slesvig. Her blev han oplært i landbruget fra 1814 til 1815. Tilbage på Lolland byggede han derpå et landbrug op; det havde han stort held med, og fra 1820 var han forpagter af gården Aalstrup, der lå under faderens grevskab Christianssæde.

Einar Reventlows renommé som landmand medførte, at han blev brugt som administrator, blandt andet for de store grevskaber Hardenberg (i dag Krenkerup) og Knuthenborg.

I Sverige
I 1845 flyttede han til Sverige, hvor han købte adskillige store gårde, deriblandt Frugården og Vänersnäs (købt 1845) i Västergötland samt Ilnestorp (købt 1856), Trulstorp og Ugerup (købt 1865), Pugerup (købt 1845) og Vennberga i Skåne. Derudover var han forfatter af skrifter om emner inden for landbrug og nationaløkonomi, hvormed han blandt andet engagerede sig i fremstilling af gødning. Reventlow blev naturaliseret svensk adelsmand af kong Karl 15. 4. maj 1860, og slægten blev introduceredet på det svenske Ridderhus 31. december 1861 som nr. 2335 (dog kun som adelig æt; ikke som grevelig).

Reventlow blev gift 24. juni 1829 med sin niece, Hildeborg Sophie Reventlow (1804-1868), datter af Christian Detlev Reventlow og Benedicte von Qualen. Hans medlemskab i Det Kongelige Nordiske Oldskriftselskab vidner om et interesse for oldtiden og arkæologi; dette gik i arv til begge sønner Christian Detlev og Fritz Reventlow, som i egenskab af amatørarkæologer gjorde store fund af oldsager i området omkring Ringsjön i Skåne.

Referencer

Litteratur
 Claus Bjørn: Den gode sag. En biografi om Christian Ditlev Frederik Reventlow; København, Gyldendal 1992;

Kilder og eksterne henvisninger
 Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
 A. Falk-Jensen og H. Hjorth-Nielsen: Candidati og Examinati juris 1736-1936, Candidati politices 1852-1936, Candidati actuarii 1922-1936, bind III, København: G.E.C. Gad 1954-1959, s. 406.
 "Einert Carl Detlef Reventlow", Database over slægten Reventlow
 "Reventlow", Riddarhusets ätte- och vapendatabas

Einar
Grever fra Danmark
Godsejere fra Skåne
Godsejere fra Sverige
Danskere i 1800-tallet
Svenskere i 1800-tallet
Jurister fra Danmark
Personer fra København
Faglitterære forfattere fra Danmark

Einar Reventlow


Fudbalski klub "Berane" (FK Berane; Berane, ćirilica Фудбалски Клуб Беране) je nogometni klub iz Berana, Crna Gora.
U sezoni 2019./20. "Berane" je član "Treće crnogorske nogometne lige – Sjeverna regija".

O klubu
FK "Berane" je osnovan 1920. godine pod imenom "Njegoš". 1922. godine na skupštini je promijenjeno ime kluba u Građanski sport-klub "Budim Grad" (GSK "Budim Grad"). Sredinom 1920-ih je nanovo osnovan "Njegoš", koji se 1935. spojio s "Budim Gradom". Također je tih godina u Beranima bilo još nekoliko klubova koji su prestali s radom ili se spojili s "Budim Gradom", kao što su "Jedinstvo" ("Radnički"), "Balkan", "Hajduk" i "Jugoslavija".
Za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata "Budim Grad" djeluje sporadično. Po završtku rata, 1945. godine grad Berane dobiva naziv Ivangrad po partizanskom zapovjedniku i narodnom heroju Ivanu Milutinoviću, a klub se na prvoj poslijeratnoj skupštini 1945., odnosno 1946. godine obnavlja pod imenom "Ika", u čast predratnog nogometaša Ilije Dimića – Ike.
Kao "Ika" klub djeluje do 1949. godine, kada dolazi do preimenovanja u "Radnički" ("Radnički" Ivangrad), pod kojim nazivom djeluje do 1962. godine, kada dolazi do preimenovanja kluba u FK "Ivangrad" (povremeno navedn i kao OFK "Ivangrad"). Za vrijeme socijalističke Jugoslavije klub se pretežno natjecao u Republičkoj ligi Crne Gore uz izuetak sezona 1955./56. (2. zona – grupa B), 1983./84. – 1987./88. (2. savezna liga – Istok) i 1988./89. – 1990./91. (Međurepublička liga – Jug). Klub se također natjecao i Podsaveznoj ligi Bijelo Polje (kasnije Međupodsavezna liga Bijelo Polje, te Crnogorska regionalna liga – Sjever).
Po raspadu SFRJ, 1992. godine gradu Ivangradu je vraćen stari naziv Berane, a "Ivangrad" se stoga od 1996. godine preimenuje u FK "Berane".
U prvenstvima SRJ, odnosno Srbije i Crne Gore, "Berane" (do 1996. "Ivangrad") je bio član Međurepubličke (3. lige) – Jug, a potom pretežno Crnogorske republičke lige, uz izuzetak sezona od 1997./98. do 2000./01. kad su igrali u Drugoj ligi SRJ.
Osamostaljenjem Crne Gore, 2006. godine, "Berane" je postalo član Prve crnogorske lige, iz koje je odmah ispao, te je narednih sezona pretežno član Druge crnogorske lige. U sezoni 2019./20. je prvi put po osamostaljenju Crne Gore trećeligaš, igrajući u "Trećoj crnogorskoj nogometnoj ligi – Sjeverna regija".

Stadion
FK "Berane" nastupa na "Gradskom stadionu" u Beranama (također poznat i pod nazivom "Stadion pod Bogavskim brdom") koji je otvoren 1981. godine. Nakon renovacije iz 2018. godine, kapacitet stadiona je 8.000 mjesta. Na stadionu nastupa i drugi klub iz Berana – "Radnički".

Uspjesi

Nakon 2006. (Crna Gora)
 Druga crnogorska liga
 prvak: 2008./09.
 doprvak: 2013./14.

Od 1991./92. do 2005./06. (SRJ / SiCG)
 Crnogorska republička liga
 prvak: 1996./97., 2005./06.

 Crnogorska regionalna liga – Sjever
 prvak: 2004./05.

Od 1946. do 1991. (FNRJ / SFRJ)
 Crnogorska republička liga
 prvak: 1951., 1982./83.
 trećeplasirani: 1952./53.

 Podsavezna liga Bijelo Polje / Međuopćinska liga Bijelo Polje / Crnogorska regionalna liga – Sjever
 prvak: 1973./74., 1976./77., 1980./81.

 Republički kup Crne Gore
 pobjednik: 1983./84.

Do 1941.

Pregled plasmana

Poznati igrači

Poznati treneri

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Berane

Vanjske poveznice
 int.soccerway.com, FK Berane
 worldfootball.net, FK Berane
 globalsportsarchive.com, FK Berane
 srbijasport.net, Berane
 sportdc.net, Berane
 transfermarkt.com, FK Berane

Izvori

 (ćirilica) Komnen Vujadinović: FK "Berane" : 1920-1995 : (monografija), Andrijevica, 1997., UDK: 061.237(497.16 Berane):796.332"1920/1995"
 Bratislav Stojanović, Dragiša Kovačević: Jugoslovenski fudbalski klubovi, Beograd, 1977., UDK: 061.237(497.1):796.332, str. 128

Crnogorski nogometni klubovi

FK Berane


Jorge Maurício, Príncipe Hereditário de Saxe-Altemburgo (13 de maio de 1900 – 13 de fevereiro de 1991) foi o último príncipe hereditário do Ducado de Saxe-Altemburgo, bem como o último chefe da casa ducal de Saxe-Altemburgo. Jorge Maurício nunca se casou e seu único irmão e herdeiro presuntivo, Frederico, morreu também solteiro em 1985.

Referências

Jorge Maurício de Saxe-Altemburgo


(4240) Grün ist ein Hauptgürtelasteroid, der am 2. März 1981 von Schelte John Bus vom Siding-Spring-Observatorium aus entdeckt wurde.

Der Asteroid wurde am 1. Juli 1996 nach dem deutschen Astrophysiker Eberhard Grün benannt.

Weblinks

Hauptgürtelasteroid unter 50 km Durchmesser

(4240) Grün


Middelalderparken er en park og bydel i Oslo, Norge. Parken blev etableret i år 2000 på Sørenga i den gamle del af byen. Den ligger omkring ti minutters gang fra Oslo Centralstation. Parken ligger i det såkaldte middelalderpark-område, der også inkluderer Minneparken og Ladegården på nordsiden af Bispegata. I dette område er det ikke tilladt at opføre nye bygninger, da der findes ruiner og mange kulturminder i undergrunden.

I Middelalderparken ligger ruinerne af St. Clements Kirke, Mariakirken det tidligere kongeslot. I den vestlige ende af parken ligger en sø kaldet Tenerife. Søens ene bred er rekonstrueret så det stemmer overens med, hvor Oslofjordens kystlinje gik i middelalderen omkring år 1300. Søen dækker et område på omkring 22 ha, der sammen med parkens areal på ca. 44 ha og området ved St. Clements Kirke på knap 5 ha. giver et samlet areal på 70 ha.

Oslo Middelalderfestival og Øyafestivalen er to årlige begivenheder, der afholdes i Middelalderparken. Siden 2014 har Middelalderfestivalen dog foregår på Akershus slot.

Se også
 Parker i Oslo

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Parker i Oslo
Arkæologiske områder

Middelalderparken


Dominique Forlini (født 14. september 1924 i Paris, død 17. oktober 2014 i Sèvres) var en cykelrytter fra Frankrig. Han kørte primært både landevejs- banecykling. Ved Tour de France 1954 vandt han to etaper, og han har vundet EM-guld på banen.

Forlini vandt flere seksdagesløb, hvor sejren ved Københavns seksdagesløb i 1956 sammen med Georges Senfftleben blev hans sidste.

Eksterne henvisninger

Mandlige cykelryttere fra Frankrig
Vindere af Københavns seksdagesløb
Personer fra Paris

Dominique Forlini


A 55.ª edição da Paris-Roubaix teve lugar a 7 de abril de 1957 e foi vencida pelo belga Alfred De Bruyne em solitário.

Classificação final

Referências

Ligações externas

 Resultados em cyclebase.nl '

1957
1957 no ciclismo
1957 na França

Paris-Roubaix de 1957


An Vanda denisoniana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Benson ngan Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Vanda denisoniana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Vanda, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Vanda

Vanda denisoniana


A United States presidential nominating convention is a political convention held every four years in the United States by most of the political parties who will be fielding nominees in the upcoming U.S. presidential election. The formal purpose of such a convention is to select the party's nominee for popular election as President, as well as to adopt a statement of party principles and goals known as the party platform and adopt the rules for the party's activities, including the presidential nominating process for the next election cycle.

Since 1972, the delegates have been mostly selected in presidential primaries state by state. This allows the nominees to be decided before the convention opens. In the 1976 GOP race, Ronald Reagan did well in the primaries but had clearly lost to incumbent Gerald Ford when the convention opened. Other delegates to these conventions include political party members who are seated automatically, and are called "unpledged delegates" because they can choose for themselves for which candidate they vote.

Generally, use of "presidential campaign nominating convention" refers to the two major parties' quadrennial events: the Democratic and Republican National Conventions. Some minor parties also select their nominees by convention, including the Green Party, the Socialist Party USA, the Libertarian Party, the Constitution Party, and the Reform Party USA. The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic forced both the major and third parties to cancel their usual conventions that year and instead schedule virtual affairs with minimal participation, as large energetic crowds risked spreading the virus.

Logistics

Calendars
The convention cycle begins with the Call to Convention. Usually issued about 18 months in advance, the Call is an invitation from the national party to the state and territory parties to convene to select a presidential nominee. It also sets out the number of delegates to be awarded to each, as well as the rules for the nomination process. The conventions are usually scheduled for four days of business, with the exception of the 1972 Republican and 2012 Democratic conventions, which were three days each. (The 2008 and 2012 Republican conventions were also three days each, but in each case was shortened from the scheduled four days due to weather issues.)

There is no statute dictating the order of the conventions, but since 1956 the party to which the incumbent president belongs has held its convention second. Between 1864 and 1952, the Democrats went second every year (except for 1888). In 1956, when Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower was the incumbent, the Democrats went first, and the party out of power has gone first ever since. (Between 1936 and 1952, during administrations led by Democratic presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, the Democrats had their convention after the Republicans, but it is unclear whether they went second because they held the White House or because they had almost always gone second.) Since 1952, all major party conventions have been held in the months of July, August or (for the first time in 2004), early September. (Election laws in some states would likely prevent conventions from moving into mid-September.) Between the middle of the 20th century and 2004, the two major party conventions were primarily scheduled about one month apart, often with the Summer Olympics in between so they did not have to compete for viewers. In 1996, both were held in August to accommodate the Atlanta Olympics in July, the last Summer Olympics to date to be played in the U.S. In 2000, both conventions preceded the Sydney Olympics in late September.

In 2008 and 2012, the Democratic and Republican conventions were moved to back-to-back weeks following the conclusion of the Beijing and London Olympics, respectively. One reason for these late conventions had to do with campaign finance laws, which allow the candidates to spend an unlimited amount of money before the convention, but forbid fundraising after the convention, for the parties to receive federal campaign funds. However, if Barack Obama's choice not to receive federal campaign funds for the 2008 general election is repeated in future elections, this reason for the late scheduling of conventions will no longer be valid. Another reason for the lateness of the conventions is due to the primary calendar, which ends in early June, and the political party's desire to turn the convention into a four-day tightly scripted political rally for their nominee, which coincidentally happens to have a roll call vote for president. This includes such logistics as where each delegation sits on the convention floor, the order of speeches, how the nominee wants to present him or herself, and allows time for any negotiations in regards to the running mate. Finally, the parties also did not want to schedule their conventions around the Olympics. One reason why the Democratic Party held its 2008 convention after the two-week-long Beijing Olympics was, according to them, to "maximize momentum for our Democratic ticket in the final months of the Presidential election". But moving the conventions later into early September led to conflicts with the National Football League's season kickoff game, which opens the season on the first Thursday of September. However, the NFL accommodated the conventions and moved its games to an earlier start time in 2008, and an earlier date in 2012.

In 2016, both the Republican and Democratic conventions moved to July, before the Rio de Janeiro Olympics in August. One reason why the Republican Party wanted a July convention was to help avoid a drawn-out primary battle similar to what happened in 2012 that left the party fractured heading into the general election. The Democrats then followed suit so they could provide a quicker response to the Republicans, rather than wait for more than two weeks until after the Olympics were over.

The 2020 Democratic National Convention was originally scheduled to take place July 13–16, but was postponed to August 17–20, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2020 Republican National Convention took place from August 24–27. The Tokyo Olympics, originally scheduled to open on July 24, 2020, were also postponed, because of the pandemic, to July 2021. This was the first time that nominating conventions did not coincide with the Olympics since 1944, when the games were cancelled due to World War II.

Participation

Each party sets its own rules for the participation and format of the convention. Broadly speaking, each U.S. state and territory party is apportioned a select number of voting representatives, individually known as delegates and collectively as the delegation. Each party uses its own formula for determining the size of each delegation, factoring in such considerations as population, proportion of that state's Congressional representatives or state government officials who are members of the party, and the state's voting patterns in previous presidential elections. The selection of individual delegates and their alternates, too, is governed by the bylaws of each state party, or in some cases by state law.

The 2004 Democratic National Convention counted 4,353 delegates and 611 alternates. The 2004 Republican National Convention had 2,509 delegates and 2,344 alternates. However, other attendees who do not participate in the formal business of the convention dwarf these individuals numerically. These include non-delegate party officials and activists, invited guests and companions, and international observers, not to mention numerous members of the news media, volunteers, protesters, and local business proprietors and promoters hoping to capitalize on the quadrennial event.

Locations

The convention is typically held in a major city selected by the national party organization 18–24 months before the election is to be held, although the Republican National Committee voted in 2022 to allow the party to select its presidential convention sites six years in advance. As the two major conventions have grown into large, publicized affairs with significant economic impact, cities today compete vigorously to be awarded host responsibilities, citing their meeting venues, lodging facilities, and entertainment as well as offering economic incentives.

The location of early conventions was dictated by the difficulty of transporting delegates from far-flung parts of the country; early Democratic and Whig Conventions were frequently held in the central Eastern Seaboard port of Baltimore, Maryland. As the U.S. expanded westward and railroads connected cities, Midwestern locations such as Chicago, Illinois—which since 1860 has held 25 Republican and Democratic Conventions combined, more than any other city—became the favored hosts. In present times, political symbolism affects the selection of the host city as much as economic or logistical considerations do. A particular city might be selected to enhance the standing of a favorite son, or in an effort to curry favor with residents of that state. For example, in 2011, Obama campaign manager Jim Messina noted: "We put the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina in part because we believe so deeply in" a "New South map." Likewise, New York City was selected as the host of the 2004 Republican National Convention to evoke memories of George W. Bush's leadership during the September 11 attacks. Milwaukee, in the politically competitive state of Wisconsin, was chosen as the site of both the 2020 Democratic National Convention (although due to COVID-19 it was essentially not held there), and has been selected to be the host of the subsequent 2024 Republican National Convention.

Having been the site of 25 major party conventions, Chicago, Illinois has been the most frequent host city of major party conventions, hosting more than a quarter of all of them. Chicago has been both the most frequent host of Democratic conventions (hosting 11) and Republican conventions (hosting 14). Chicago was last the site of a major party convention in 1996, when it was the host of that year's Democratic convention. Nine of the conventions held in Chicago took place in the 19th century, and sixteen of them took place in the 20th century. Chicago's frequency as a host significantly dropped-off after the 1968 Democratic National Convention, which saw infamous protest activity and police response, with Chicago only hosting a single convention since.

In the 19th century, the most frequent host city of major party conventions was Baltimore, Maryland (the site of the first presidential nominating convention). Between 1832 and 1872, Baltimore saw twelve major party conventions. However, the city has only since played host city to a single other major party convention (the 1912 DNC). At the time that it was a frequent host of major party conventions, the city was seen as an appealing location for these events due to its accessibility by various means of transit (railroads, steamships, and turnpikes), the presence of several meeting spaces in the city considered spacious by the era's standards, quality hotels in the city, and quality dining in the city. Baltimore is currently considered to lack an appropriate venue by the standards and requirements of modern conventions in terms of seating capacity, space and logistics. When the city made a longshot bid for the 2004 Democratic National Convention, the city proposed hosting the convention underneath a temporary canopy that would be erected at Oriole Park at Camden Yards (which would have likely necessitated its baseball team tenant to vacate the venue for a roughly two-month period of their season). Potential lack of sufficient hotels has also been cited as an obstacle to Baltimore playing host to another major party convention any time soon.

The conventions historically have been held inside convention centers, but in recent decades the two major parties have favored sports arenas and stadiums to accommodate the increasing capacity, the former because indoor arenas are usually off-season outside of WNBA sites, allowing plenty of time for preparation (the major political parties have avoided baseball stadiums ever since the 1992 Republican National Convention at the Houston Astrodome forced the Houston Astros to play 26 consecutive road games). Bids for the 2008 Republican National Convention, for example, were required to have a facility with a seating capacity of at least 20,500 people, including a convention floor of about 5,500 delegates and alternates; the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota was eventually selected. Meanwhile, approximately 84,000 people attended the last day of the 2008 Democratic National Convention at Denver's Invesco Field at Mile High. The last day of the 2012 Democratic Convention originally also was scheduled for an outdoor football stadium, but was moved indoors due to weather concerns. Excepting the pandemic-affected 2020 conventions, the last non-sporting venue to host the Democratic National Convention was San Francisco's Moscone Center in 1984. In 1996, the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego became the last non-sporting venue to host the Republican National Convention.

Table of cities (metro areas) by number of major party conventions hosted
Of the 95 major-party conventions held through the 2020 election cycle, 27 different metro areas have hosted conventions. On two occasions, parties had more than one official "host city" for their conventions, these being the 1860 Democratic National Conventions, and the 2020 Republican National Convention.

More than half of all major party conventions have been held in just three cities: Chicago, Baltimore, and Philadelphia.

On six occasions, both the Democratic and Republican parties held their conventions in the same city. However, this has not occurred since 1972. Chicago played double-duty as a host city four times, in 1884, 1932, 1944, and 1952. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was host of both major-party conventions in 1948, and Miami Beach, Florida was host to both in 1972.

Two metro areas have seen more than one of their municipalities be the site of major party conventions. Minneapolis–Saint Paul is home to Minneapolis (site of the 1892 RNC) and St. Paul (site of the 2008 RNC). The San Francisco Bay Area is home to Daly City (site of the 1956 RNC and 1964 RNC) and San Francisco (site of the 1920 DNC and 1984 DNC).

**Years with multiple convention host cities

Table of states/federal districts by number of major party conventions hosted
As of the 2020 election cycle, nineteen states and the District of Columbia have hosted major party presidential nominating conventions. Thirty-one states have never hosted one (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming).

On the two aforementioned occasions in which more than one city was the host of a major party's convention(s) (the 1860 Democratic conventions and 2020 Republican convention), the different cities were also located in different states/districts.

Of the 95 major party conventions held up through the 2020 election cycle, more than a quarter have taken place in Illinois. Combined, the states of Illinois, Maryland, and Pennsylvania have been the sites of more than half of all major party conventions. Combined, the seven states that have each held six or more major party conventions (California, Illinois, Maryland, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania) have been the locations of more than three-quarters of all major party conventions.

Six states have seen more than one of their metro-areas host a convention: California (Los Angeles, San Diego, and the San Francisco Bay area), Florida (Miami Beach and Tampa), Missouri (Kansas City and St. Louis), Ohio (Cincinnati and Cleveland), Pennsylvania (Harrisburg and Philadelphia), Texas (Dallas and Houston).

Up through the 2020 election cycle, states located in the midwestern United States (Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Wisconsin) have been the locations of a combined 43 major party conventions. States and districts located in the northeastern United States (the District of Columbia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania) have hosted a combined 33 major party conventions. States located in the southern United States (Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas) have hosted a combined 12 major party conventions. States located in the western United States (California and Colorado) have hosted a combined nine major party conventions. The region that has gone the longest since hosting a major party convention is the western United States, which has not been the site of a major party convention since the 2008 DNC was held in Denver, Colorado.

**Years with multiple convention host states

Delegate selection process

Every year of a presidential election, the United States' political parties have national conventions that result in presidential candidates. However, selected delegates from each state choose candidates rather than members of the public.

Including delegates in the nomination process began after the Presidential election year of 1968, when there was widespread dissatisfaction with the presidential nominating process. Minor-party movements also threatened the chances of Democratic and Republican candidates to win majorities of the electoral votes, which resulted in the reformation of the presidential election process.

Democratic selection process

Each party and state has its own process to selecting delegates.

Generally speaking, delegates of both major parties usually pledge their votes to a specific candidate, and those who are associated with the Democratic Party and are unpledged are considered super delegates. These super delegates may include governors who identify with the party, members of the U.S. Congress, as well as members of the Democratic National Committee. Super Delegates aren't pledged to a particular candidate, and can vote for who they please. Any registered Democrat may run to be a delegate, and wins are based on congressional votes. Once Democrats choose their delegates, they distribute delegates to each candidate evenly, according to the number of congressional district votes they get (must be at least 15%).

Republican selection process

Rule 14 of the Republican Party's national rules determines the size of delegates for each state, territory, or political subdivision. Delegate selection for the Republican Party must take between March 1 and the second Saturday in June in the year that the convention is held (except for Iowa, New Hampshire, South Carolina, and Nevada, which are exempt from the rule and may hold earlier selection processes). The Republican Party uses a "Proportional Allocation" rule, which states that delegates should be based on the statewide votes or the number of congressional district votes in proportion to the number of votes received by each candidate. Also, each state must advocate to have an equal number of men and women in its delegation.

Delegates and alternate delegates for the Republican National Convention may be selected or bound by only one of the following:

 Primary election
 Republican State Committee
 State and Congressional district conventions
 Any method that stays consistent with the rules by which they were selected

Favorite son, dark horse, bolter

Favorite son
A powerful state politician, typically the governor or senator, can set up as a "favorite son". The state delegates are pledged to vote for him at least for the first round. Today the role is honorific, but before 1972 control of a delegation gave bargaining power regarding the platform or the nomination. The technique was widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Since nationwide campaigns by candidates and binding primary elections have replaced brokered conventions, the technique has fallen out of use, as party rule changes in the early 1970s required candidates to have nominations from more than one state.

In 1860, Senator Robert M. T. Hunter was Virginia's favorite at the Democratic Party convention. He offered a proslavery voice of moderation amidst the strident rhetoric of secession. In 1952, California Governor Earl Warren was the favorite son at the Republican convention, but he was challenged by Senator Richard Nixon.  Nixon leveraged his way into becoming Eisenhower's choice for the vice presidential nomination.

Dark horse
The term "dark horse candidate" was used at the 1844 Democratic National Convention, at which little-known Tennessee politician James K. Polk emerged as the candidate after the failure of the leading candidates to secure the necessary two-thirds majority.
Other successful dark horse candidates include:
 Franklin Pierce, the Democratic nominee, elected in 1852.
 Rutherford B. Hayes, elected in 1876.
 James A. Garfield, elected in 1880.
 Warren G. Harding, elected president in 1920 after his surprise Republican nomination.
 Wendell Willkie, a businessman who came out of nowhere to win the Republican nomination in 1940. He lost to President Franklin Roosevelt.

Bolter
Delegates to the convention are expected to support whichever candidate wins the nomination. A delegate who refuses to do that walks out or bolts, sometimes in public fashion, can be referred to as a bolter. A group of bolters may form an alternate convention that can be called a bolting convention; the remnants of the party or convention they leave behind can be called a rump convention.

At the intensely fought 1896 Republican convention, the decisive battle was on support for gold or silver. When gold forces won by tally of 812 to 110, 25 of the 110 bolted while the others supported the party nominee, William McKinley. The next day the bolters formed a new political party, dubbed the Silver Republican Party. It had a strong base of support in the silver-mining Mountain states. The Democratic nominee, William Jennings Bryan, appealed to the bolters by accepting the Silver Republican nomination; he also accepted the People's party nomination, so he ran on three tickets.

Conservative Democrats from the South bolted from the 1948 Democratic Convention to form the States' Rights Party under the banner of Strom Thurmond when Minneapolis Mayor Hubert Humphrey successfully added a civil rights plank to the Democratic platform.

The most notorious instance of bolting was in 1912 when, having lost a credentials fight, the supporters of former President Theodore Roosevelt formed the so-called Bull Moose party, splitting the GOP down the middle, holding a bolting convention to nominate Roosevelt who came in second in the election, something that would never happen again.

Proceedings

During the day, party activists hold meetings and rallies, and work on the platform. Voting and important convention-wide addresses usually take place in the evening hours.

In recent conventions, routine business such as examining the credentials of delegations, ratifying rules and procedures, election of convention officers, and adoption of the platform usually take up the business of the first two days of the convention. Balloting was usually held on the third day, with the nomination and acceptance made on the last day, but even some of these traditions have fallen away in 21st-century conventions. The only constant is that the convention ends with the nominee's acceptance speech.

Platform
Each convention produces a statement of principles known as its platform, containing goals and proposals known as planks. Relatively little of a party platform is even proposed as public policy. Much of the language is generic, while other sections are narrowly written to appeal to factions or interest groups within the party. Unlike electoral manifestos in many European countries, the platform is not binding on either the party or the candidate.

Because it is ideological rather than pragmatic, however, the platform is sometimes itself politicized. For example, defenders of abortion rights lobbied heavily to remove the Human Life Amendment plank from the 1996 Republican National Convention platform, a move fiercely resisted by conservatives despite the fact that no such amendment had ever come up for debate.

Voting
Since the 1970s, voting has for the most part been perfunctory; the selection of the major parties' nominees have rarely been in doubt, so a single ballot has always been sufficient. Each delegation announces its vote tallies, usually accompanied with some boosterism of their state or territory. The delegation may pass, nominally to retally their delegates' preferences, but often to allow a different delegation to give the leading candidate the honor of casting the majority-making vote.

Before the presidential nomination season actually begins, there is often speculation about whether a single front runner would emerge. If there is no single candidate receiving a majority of delegates at the end of the primary season, a scenario called a brokered convention would result, where a candidate would be selected either at or near the convention, through political horse-trading and lesser candidates compelling their delegates to vote for one of the front runners. The best example was the 1924 Democratic Convention, which took 103 ballots. The situation is more likely to occur in the Democratic Party, because of its proportional representation system, but such a scenario has been the subject of speculation with regard to most contested nominations of both parties without actually coming to pass in recent years. It is a common scenario in fiction, most recently in an episode of The West Wing. The closest to a brokered convention in recent years was at the 1976 Republican National Convention, when neither Gerald Ford nor Ronald Reagan received enough votes in the primary to lock up the nomination. Since then, candidates have received enough momentum to reach a majority through pledged and bound delegates before the date of the convention.

More recently, a customary practice has been for the losing candidates in the primary season to release their delegates and exhort them to vote for the winning nominee as a sign of party unity. Thus, the vote tallied on the floor is unanimous or nearly so. Some delegates may nevertheless choose to vote for their candidate. And in 2008 both happened: Hillary Clinton received over 1,000 votes before she herself moved to nominate Barack Obama by acclamation, officially making it a unanimous vote.

The voting method at the conventions is a "roll call of the states", which include territories such as Washington D.C., American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and a catch-all "delegates abroad" category. The states are called in alphabetical order (beginning with Alabama and ending with Wyoming). The state's spokesperson (who generally begins with glowing comments about the state's history, geography, and notable party elected officials) can either choose to announce its delegate count or pass. Once all states have either declared or passed, those states which passed are called upon again to announce their delegate count. (Generally, a decision is made beforehand that some states will pass in the first round, to allow a particular state—generally either the presidential or vice-presidential nominee's home state—to be the one whose delegate count pushes the candidate "over the top", thus securing the nomination.)

Vice-presidential voting has been problematic since the beginning: at the 1972 Democratic National Convention, the vote was scattered between 50 candidates and at the 1976 Republican National Convention, the vote was also scattered widely. In 1988, both parties decided to have their designated candidates nominated by suspending the rules and declaring them nominated by acclamation; the most recent vice-presidential roll call vote was at the 1984 Republican National Convention.

If, after the first round of voting, there is no candidate with a majority of votes, subsequent roll calls are held. In between, candidates can make backroom deals, swapping delegates in exchange for positions in the administration or other favors, or candidates can release their delegates to vote for whoever they personally prefer. Roll calls continue until one candidate has a majority: the 1924 Democratic National Convention holds the record as the longest ever, as divisions within the party concerning Prohibition led to 102 ballots between Alfred E. Smith and William G. McAdoo, before the relatively unknown John W. Davis was chosen as a compromise candidate on the 103rd ballot.

Speeches

Minor figures in the party are given the opportunity to address the floor of the convention during the daytime, when only the small audiences of C-SPAN and other cable television outlets are watching. The evening's speeches—designed for broadcast to a large national audience—are reserved for major speeches by notable, respected public figures; the speakers at the 2004 Democratic Convention included Ted Kennedy, a forty-two-year veteran of the United States Senate, and Jimmy Carter, a former Democratic President, while speakers at the Republican Convention included Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger of California and Governor George Pataki of New York, two of the largest states in the nation.

The organizers of the convention may designate one of these speeches as the keynote address, one which above all others is stated to underscore the convention's themes or political goals. For instance, the 1992 Democratic National Convention keynote address was delivered by Georgia Governor Zell Miller, whose stories of an impoverished childhood echoed the economic themes of the nominee, Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton. The 1996 Republican National Convention was keynoted by U.S. Representative Susan Molinari of New York, intended to reassure political moderates about the centrism of the nominee, former Senator Bob Dole. And the 2004 Democratic National Convention featured Senator Barack Obama, whose speech brought the future President national recognition for the first time.

Uniquely, Miller, by then a Senator, would also be the keynote speaker at the 2004 Republican Convention, despite still maintaining his Democratic registration.

The final day of the convention usually features the formal acceptance speeches from the nominees for president and vice president. Despite recent controversy maintaining that recent conventions were scripted from beginning to end, and that very little news (if any) comes out of the convention, the acceptance speech has always been televised by the networks, because it receives the highest ratings of the convention. In addition, the halls of the convention are packed at this time, with many party loyalists sneaking in. Afterwards, balloons are usually dropped and the delegates celebrate the nomination.

History

First conventions

The Federalist Party invented the first national conventions in 1808 and 1812 when they held secret national meetings to pick their candidates. The Democratic-Republican Party never used conventions. Instead its members of Congress met in party caucuses to select the nominee. Regional conflicts erupted in the hotly contested 1824 election, in which factions of the Democratic-Republican Party outright rejected taking part in the caucus because of its little, heavily dwindling participation and in their view undemocratic character, rejected the eventual caucus nominee, William H. Crawford of Georgia, and backed three regional candidates, nominated by state legislatures, John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts, Henry Clay of Kentucky, and Andrew Jackson of Tennessee (all of whom carried more states than Crawford in the election) instead.

Second Party System

In 1831 the Anti-Masonic Party convened in Baltimore, Maryland to select a single presidential candidate agreeable to the whole party leadership in the 1832 presidential election. The National Republican and Democratic parties soon followed suit.

1860 conventions
In Chicago, Abraham Lincoln was nominated by the Republicans. The Democratic Party convention nominated Stephen A. Douglas: however, after Southern delegates walked out of or boycotted the convention, they held their own convention and nominated John C. Breckinridge.

Third Party System

Chicago with its central location was the favorite convention city. In addition St. Louis, Missouri, hosted Democratic national nominating conventions in 1876, 1888, 1904, and 1916, as well as the national Republican convention of 1896 and a national Populist convention in the same year. The city had easy railroad access, numerous elegant hotels and expansive meeting facilities. Democrats wanted to meet close to their base in the "Solid South."

1872  Democrats
The Democrats held a very short 1872 Democratic National Convention which endorsed the nominee of the 1872 Liberal Republican convention. The Liberal Republicans were bitterly opposed to incumbent Republican Ulysses S. Grant, and bolted to form their own party. They nominated Horace Greeley, who lost to Grant in a landslide, and the new party soon collapsed.

1884 Republican
In the run-up to the 1884 GOP convention, reformers called "Mugwumps" organized their forces in the swing states, especially New York and Massachusetts. They failed to block James G. Blaine, and many bolted to the Democrats, who had nominated reformer Grover Cleveland.  Young Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, leading reformers, refused to bolt—an action that preserved their leadership role in the GOP.

1896 conventions

Fourth Party System

Conventions were often heated affairs, playing a vital role in deciding each party's nominee. The process remained far from democratic or transparent, however. The party convention was a scene of intrigue among political bosses, who largely appointed and otherwise controlled for the most part nearly all of the delegates.

1912 Republicans

Entering the convention, the forces of President Taft and ex-president Roosevelt seemed evenly matched. Taft had better planning, better organizers, and more top convention officials. The camps engaged in a fight for the delegations, with Taft emerging victorious, and Roosevelt claiming that several delegations were fraudulently seated because of the machinations of conservative party leaders including William Barnes Jr. and Boies Penrose. Following the seating of the anti-Roosevelt delegations, California Governor Hiram Johnson proclaimed that progressives would form  a new party to nominate Roosevelt. Though many of Roosevelt's delegates remained at the convention, most refused to take part in the presidential ballot in protest of the contested delegates. Roosevelt ultimately ran a third party campaign as part of the Progressive Party (nicknamed the "Bull Moose Party"). Taft and Roosevelt both lost the 1912 election to the Democratic nominee, Woodrow Wilson.

1924 Democrats

The party was deeply factionalized along regional and cultural lines, with two powerful factions, led by William McAdoo leaving the rural/Protestant/Southern faction, and New York Governor Al Smith representing the urban/Catholic/machine element. The second Ku Klux Klan was flourishing nationwide, although no nationally prominent Democrat acknowledged membership, and the factions battled over a resolution to condemn the KKK. No compromises seemed possible as the convention dragged on for 17 days, with the balloting for presidential candidate being deadlocked for 103 ballots until dark horse John W. Davis, a neutral figure, was nominated.

Naming the younger brother of William Jennings Bryan as running mate was a sop to the rural faction. Oklahoma was a representative border state, with the delegation deeply divided on the KKK issue.

Fifth Party System
Until the late 1960s, during the Fifth Party System and before, most delegates in presidential nominating conventions were appointed by political bosses or "kingmakers", "party regulars...who had the most say in picking a candidate."

1968 Democrats
The Vietnam War energized a large number of supporters of anti-war Senator Eugene McCarthy of Minnesota, but they had no say in the matter. Vice President Hubert Humphrey—associated with the increasingly unpopular administration of Lyndon B. Johnson—did not compete in a single primary, yet controlled enough delegates to secure the Democratic nomination. This proved one of several factors behind rioting which broke out at the Democratic convention in Chicago.

Switch to primary system
A few, mostly western, states adopted primary elections in the late 19th century and during the Progressive Era, but the catalyst for their widespread adoption came during the election of 1968. Media images of the event—angry mobs facing down police—damaged the image of the Democratic Party, which appointed a commission headed by South Dakota Senator George McGovern to select a new, less controversial method of choosing nominees. The McGovern–Fraser Commission settled on the primary election, adopted by the Democratic National Committee in 1968. The Republicans adopted the primary as their preferred method in 1972. Henceforth, candidates would be given convention delegates based on their performance in primaries, and these delegates were bound to vote for their candidate. As a result, the major party presidential nominating convention has lost almost all of its old drama. The last attempt to release delegates from their candidates came at the 1980 Democratic National Convention, when Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts sought votes of delegates held by incumbent President Jimmy Carter. The last major party convention whose outcome was in doubt was the 1976 Republican National Convention, when former California Governor Ronald Reagan nearly won the nomination away from the incumbent president, Gerald Ford.

Television coverage
While rank and file members had no input in early nominations, they were still drawn by the aura of mystery surrounding the convention, and networks began to broadcast speeches and debates to the general public. NBC affiliate W2XBS in New York City made the first telecast of a national party convention, of the 1940 Republican National Convention in Philadelphia, and the other two of the Big Three television networks soon followed. NBC News anchorman John Chancellor said just before the start of the 1972 Democratic National Convention, "Convention coverage is the most important thing we do. The conventions are not just political theater, but really serious stuff, and that's why all the networks have an obligation to give gavel-to-gavel coverage. It's a time when we all ought to be doing our duty."

The presence of journalists at presidential nominating conventions have increased with the television networks. In 1976, the Democratic Convention consisted of 3,381 delegates and 11,500 reporters, broadcasters, editors and camera operators. This is on par with the increase in the number of televisions in American homes. In 1960, 87 percent of people had a television; by 1976, 98 percent did. By the 1992 conventions, network coverage increased from three networks (NBC, ABC and CBS) to five networks (NBC, ABC, CBS, Fox and PBS). At the 1996 Republican National Convention there were approximately seven journalists per one delegate, or about 15,000 journalists.

The increase of the media at these conventions originally led to a growth in the public's interest in elections. Voter turnout in the primaries increased from fewer than five million voters in 1948 to around thirteen million in 1952. By broadcasting the conventions on the television, people were more connected to the suspense and the decisions being made, therefore making them more politically aware, and more educated voters. When scholars studied the 1976 conventions they determined that by watching nomination conventions, even viewers that were not previously very politically active developed a much stronger interest in the election process and the candidate.

Decrease in importance
With the rise of the direct primary, and in particular with states moving earlier and earlier in the primary calendar since the 1988 election, the nominee has often secured a commanding majority of delegates far in advance of the convention. As such, any actual business conducted at the major parties' conventions (such as the roll call of delegates) have largely become a formality, and the main focus is on promoting the nominee and party platform to a wider audience. For instance, speeches by noted and popular party figures are scheduled for the coveted primetime hours, when most people would be watching.

During the 1996 Republican National Convention (where the RNC had purchased time-brokered blocks of party-produced coverage on the cable network The Family Channel in response to decreasing network coverage), ABC News Nightline host Ted Koppel abruptly ended his coverage of the 1996 conventions, arguing that the events had effectively become an "infomercial" for the party's nominee rather than a bona fide news event. In 2020, political historian Michael Barone argued in an op-ed that the advents of direct distance dialing and television had made the original purposes of the conventions—being "the only place and time where party politicians could communicate frankly and bargain personally", and "discover which candidates had genuine support and which just gave lip service"–increasingly redundant, and that the events had become largely "choreographed" celebrations of the party nominee.

The changing nature of the conventions, as well as overall changes in television viewing habits, have changed how broadcasters cover the conventions. Coverage of the conventions is now typically relegated to news channels, C-SPAN, and streaming outlets; by 2012, the major networks usually only provided an hour of coverage per-night, focusing on the headlining speakers. PBS continues to provide full primetime coverage of the conventions, although it breaks away from minor speakers and mundane business for analysis and discussion.

COVID-19 affected 2020 conventions

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 forced both major and third parties to modify the format of their conventions to comply with social distancing and restrictions on public gatherings. The Democratic convention was conducted as a virtual event with all speakers appearing from remote locations, and no in-person gatherings of delegates. To fulfill the host city contract with Milwaukee, the event's production was conducted from the Wisconsin Center. The acceptance speeches of Joe Biden and Kamala Harris were held at the Chase Center on the Riverfront in Biden's hometown of Wilmington, Delaware.

Donald Trump repeatedly pushed for the Republican convention to be held in-person as normal. The event was originally scheduled for Spectrum Center in Charlotte; after North Carolina's Democratic governor Roy Cooper refused to allow it to be held at full scale or without mandatory masking or social distancing, the RNC announced plans to move most of the in-person events to Jacksonville, Florida, but still conduct the official business from Charlotte. However, after Jacksonville enacted similar restrictions, and amid nationwide increases in cases, Trump announced in July 2020 that the events in Jacksonville had been called off.

As with the Democratic convention, the Republican convention was conducted in a downsized form. To fulfill the host city contract with Charlotte, a program of official business was conducted in-person on August 24 with a smaller contingent of 336 delegates, including the roll call. The remainder of the event consisted of primetime programs of pre-recorded speeches, filmed mainly at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium in Washington, D.C. The speeches by Vice President Pence (from Fort McHenry in Baltimore), and by First Lady Melania Trump and President Trump (from the White House Rose Garden), were conducted live and in-person with audiences of supporters; CDC-recommended mitigations were largely ignored.

2024 conventions
The 2024 Republican National Convention will be held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The 2024 Democratic National Convention will be held in Chicago, Illinois.

See also
 List of Democratic National Conventions
 List of Republican National Conventions
 List of Whig National Conventions
 Libertarian National Convention
 Green National Convention
 Constitution Party National Convention
 National conventions of the Communist Party USA

References

Bibliography
 Arterton, F. Christopher. Media politics: The news strategies of presidential campaigns (Free Press, 1984).
 Becker, Carl. "The Unit Rule in National Nominating Conventions." American Historical Review 5.1 (1899): 64–82. online
 Binkley, Wilfred E. American political parties: their natural history (1962) online
 Carleton, William G. "The revolution in the presidential nominating convention." Political Science Quarterly 72.2 (1957): 224–240. online
 Chase, James S. Emergence of the Presidential Nominating Convention, 1789–1832 (Houghton Mifflin: 1973).
 Chester, Edward W  A guide to political platforms (1977) pp 127–135 online
 Congressional Research Service. Presidential Elections in the United States: A Primer. (Washington, Congressional Research Service, 2000).
 Costain, Anne N. "An analysis of voting in american national nominating conventions, 1940–1976." American Politics Quarterly 6.1 (1978): 95–120.
 Cowan, Geoffrey. Let the People Rule: Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of the Presidential Primary (WW Norton & Company, 2016).
 Davis, James W. National conventions in an age of party reform (Greenwood, 1983).
 Eaton, Herbert. Presidential timber: A history of nominating conventions, 1868–1960 (1964) online.
 Key, Jr., V.O. Politics, Parties, and Pressure Groups (4th ed. 1958) pp 414–470. online
 Miles, Edwin A. "The keynote speech at national nominating conventions." Quarterly journal of Speech 46.1 (1960): 26–31.
 Morison, Samuel E. "The First National Nominating Convention, 1808." American Historical Review 17.4 (1912): 744–763. on 1808 Federalists online
 Murdock, John S. "The First National Nominating Convention." American Historical Review 1.4 (1896): 680–683. online on 1812 Federalists
 Nichols, Roy F. "It Happens Every Four Years," American Heritage (June 1956) 7#4 pp 20–33.
 Pfau, Michael William. "Conventions of Deliberation? Convention Addresses and Deliberative Containment in the Second Party System' Rhetoric and Public Affairs 9#4 (2006), pp. 635–654 online
 Republican National Convention 2004: Convention History
 Sautter, R. Craig, and Edward M. Burke. Inside the Wigwam: Chicago Presidential Conventions, 1860–1996 (Loyola Press, 1996).
 Silver, Adam. "Consensus and Conflict: A Content Analysis of American Party Platforms, 1840–1896." Social Science History 42.3 (2018): 441–467 online.

Primary sources
 Chester, Edward W  A guide to political platforms (1977) online
 Porter, Kirk H. and Donald Bruce Johnson, eds. National party platforms, 1840–1964 (1965) online 1840–1956

External links
 NewsHour: Interview with historian Michael Beschloss on the origins of the convention process
 History House: Conventional Wisdom
 National Party Conventions eGuide, The Campaign Finance Institute,
Corpus of Political Speeches Free access to political speeches by American and other politicians, developed by Hong Kong Baptist University Library

Political party assemblies
United States presidential primaries


Edin Urjan Kukavica (Sarajevo, 1967.), bosanskohercegovački je književnik i kolumnista, šejh rifaijskog i nakšibendijskog tarikata.

Životopis
Edin Kukavica je rođen u Sarajevu 1967. godine. Bosanskohercegovački i bošnjački je književnik s četiri objavljena romana, autor nekoliko knjiga iz oblasti povijesti, islamske filozofije i duhovnosti, te tri knjige politološko-socioloških eseja, prijevoditelj knjiga iz oblasti islamske duhovnosti i lijepe književnosti, urednik nekoliko časopisa, zbornika radova sa znanstvenih skupova i knjiga, kolumnist i publicist s više od 800 objavljenih tekstova. Središnja područja njegovog zanimanja su filozofija, duhovnost, povijest i politička teorija, a posebno pitanja slobode i etike u svim spomenutim područjima. Aktivan je društveni i kulturni djelatnik i promatrač i kritičar suvremene stvarnosti Bosne i Hercegovine. Doktor je odgojnih znanosti i doktorand na Fakultetu političkih znanosti u Sarajevu.

Edin Kukavica je učitelj islamske duhovnosti (šejh) dvije škole, dva tarikatska pravca, nakšibendijskom-husejnijskom i rifa'ijskom-sejjadijskom odakle i drugo ime Urjan. Nakon nekoliko godina predavanja iz fikha, akaida, kur'anske logike, hadisa i tefsira kod osnivača i direktora Instituta Mulla Sadra šejh Akbar Aydija, biva pozvan u blizinu Sejjida šejh Mesud ef. Hadžimejlića. Iniciran je (daje bejat) 2001. godine; 2006. godine promoviran u vekila (zamjenika) a 2008. u punopravnog učitelja (šejha) tarikat-i nakšibendijje-husejnijje, a  2009. godine prima hilafet (namjesništvo) tarikat-i rifa'ijje-sejadijje i još jedan hilafet tarikat-i nakšibendijje s ruku Sejjida šejha Husejna Dža'fera Tajjara.

Djela

Romani
 Prvorođeni Dun'ja (2001.)
 Beš (Sarajevo, 2005.)
 Vjernik (Sarajevo, 2012.)
 Predoređenje (Sarajevo, 2021)

Povijest, filozofija, duhovnost
 Bajramijje-melamijje – Hamzevijje (Sarajevo, 2009.)
 Atropologija tesavvufa: tesavvuf iznutra (Sarajevo, 2011.)
 Antroplogija futuvveta: futuvvet iznutra (Sarajevo, 2011.)
 Historijski putopis kroz Bosnu i Hercegovinu (Zagreb, 2012.)
 Islam na Balkanu (Zagreb, 2012.)
 Anatomija ibadeta: ibadet u šeri'atu, tarikatu i hakikatu (Sarajevo, 2015.)

Eseji
 Kamo dalje, rođače: izabrane kolumne 2012. – 2016. (Sarajevo, 2017.)
 Priručnik za revoluciju: dekonstrukcija etnonacionalističkog narativa u BiH kao uvjet za promjenu političke paradigme: (zajedničkim vrijednostima ka pozitivnoj kolektivnoj identifikaciji.) (Sarajevo, 2018.)
 Fantom slobode: izabrane kolumne (Sarajevo, 2018.)

 Prijevodi
 Živi sufizam: ogledi o sufizmu (Sarajevo, 2004.)
 Islamska umjetnost i duhovnost (Sarajevo, 2005.)
 Alkemija – znanost o kosmosu, znanost o duši (Sarajevo, 2005.)
 Sveta umjetnost na Istoku i na Zapadu: njena načela i metodi (Sarajevo, 2005.)
 Uvod u islamske kozmološke doktrine : koncepcija prirode i metodi njenoga proučavanja po Ikhwan al-Safa', al-Biruniju i Ibn Sinau (Sarajevo, 2007.)
 Sufijski kuhar – kako dočekati i ugostiti musafira (Sarajevo, 2008.)
 Sejjid Husein Nasr, Islamska umjetnost i duhovnost, Lingua Patria, 2005, Sarajevo, (naslov izvornika: Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Islamic Art & Spirituality, State University of New York Press, 1987, Albany, USA);
 Titus Burkhardt, Alhemija, znanost o kosmosu - znanost o duši, Lingua Patria, Sarajevo, (naslov izvornika: Titus Burckhardt, Alchemy, Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul, Fons Vitae, 1997, Louisville, Kentucky, USA);
 Šejh Abbas Kumi, Kerbela - zemlja tuge i bola, 2005.,tekija "Mesudija", Kaćuni; (naslov izvornika: Shaykh Hajj Abbas, Nafasu'l-Mahmum fi Maqtal al-Husayn al-Mazlum);
 Behauddin Muhammed Husein Hatibi Belhi, Ma'arif - ekstatički zapisi Bahauddina, oca Mevlane Rumija, Dobra knjiga, Sarajevo; (naslov izvornika: Bahauddin Muhammad Hossain Khatibi Balkhi, Ma'arif - A Collection of Preaching and Sayings of the King of the Erudite, Bahauddin Muhammad Hossain Khatibi of Balkh known as as Bahauddin, Father of Rumi, Coleman Barks and John Moyne, Harper, San Francisco;
 knjiga historiografskih eseja Bajramijje-melamijje - Hamzevijje (Sedam, Sarajevo);
 Ma'arif – knjiga iz bunara (Sarajevo, 2008.)
 40 pravila o ljubavi: roman o Rumiju (Sarajevo, 2013.)
 Čast (Sarajevo, 2014.)
 Istanbulsko kopile (Sarajevo, 2015.)
 Mimarov šegrt'' (Sarajevo, 2015.)
 Crno mlijeko (naslov izvornika: The Black Milkč Elif Şafak), Buybook, (Sarajevo, 2017.)

Vanjske povezice
 Edin Urjan Kukavica

Životopisi, Sarajevo
Bošnjački književnici
Bošnjački derviški šejhovi

Edin Urjan Kukavica


A eleição municipal do Recife em 1963 ocorreu em 18 de Agosto de 1963. O prefeito era Liberato da Costa Júnior, do PST, que terminaria seu mandato em 8 de Abril de 1963. Pelópidas da Silveira, do PSB, foi eleito prefeito do Recife.

Referências

https://repositorio.ufpe.br/bitstream/123456789/7439/1/arquivo3378_1.pdf

Recife
1963
!Artigos novos

Eleição municipal do Recife em 1963


Priya Himesh (también conocida como Priya Hemesh; tamil: பிரியா ஹிமேஷ், telugu: ప్రియ హిమేష్, canarés: ಪ್ರಿಯಾ ಹಿಮೇಶ್; n. 10 de febrero de 1982 en Chennai) es una cantante india de playback o de reproducción, que ha interpretado canciones en distintos idiomas para largometrajes. Ella interpreta temas musicales cantados sobre todo en Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam y Canarés. También ha sido nominada para los premios Filmfare del Sur, por su canción exitosa titulada "Ringa Ringa" en Telugu, que formó parte de la banda sonora para la película Aarya 2. Su asociación con el director musical de Sri Devi Prasad, en muchas películas le han extendido en su trayectoria, ya que ha eso se le debe su éxito a lo mucho. Esto fue expresado por ella misma, mientras recibiá el premio Filmfare.

Discografía

Referencias

Nacidos en Chennai
Cantantes de playback de India

Priya Himesh


مضيق صِقِلّيَة أو مضيق الوَطَن القِبْلِي أو مضيق قِلِيبِيَة (من قليبية، وهي مدينة تونسية بالوطن القبلي) (ب: Strait of Sicily، ب: Canal de Sicile أو Canal du cap Bon أو Canal de Kélibia) مضيق يقع في البحر الأبيض المتوسط بين شبه جزيرة الوطن القبلي (تونس) وجزيرة صقلية (إيطاليا). يبلغ عرضه 145  في أضيق جزء منه بين مدينتي مازر بصقلية (إيطاليا) والهوارية بالوطن القبلي (تونس).

مراجع

البحر الأبيض المتوسط
الحدود الإيطالية التونسية
جغرافيا تونس
جغرافيا صقلية
مسطحات مائية في تونس
مضائق إيطاليا
مضائق البحر الأبيض المتوسط
مضايق إفريقيا
مضايق دولية

مضيق صقلية


Der Phaeozem (von griech.: phaios = dunkel und russ.: semlja = Boden) ist eine Referenzbodengruppe der internationalen Bodenklassifikation World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), der in die Gruppe der Humusakkumulationsböden gehört. Er ist der zonale Boden des semihumiden Übergangsbereichs zwischen Steppe und Wald.

Vorkommen
Phaeozeme kommen in vielen Gegenden der Erde vor. Ein wichtiges Verbreitungsgebiet liegt im Übergangsbereich zwischen Steppe und Wald. Dort ist das Klima semihumid (bis humid), so dass nicht nur Gräser, sondern auch Gehölze wachsen können. Darüber hinaus finden sich Phaeozeme auch im semihumiden, kühleren tropischen Hochland.

Die größten Gebiete befinden sich in Nordamerika (östliche Great Plains und Mittlerer Westen) und der südamerikanischen Pampa (Uruguay und Argentinien). Darüber hinaus liegen im Nordosten Chinas und Mittelrussland bedeutende Flächen. Phaeozeme kommen auch in den Steppen in Ungarn oder Bulgarien vor.

Haupteigenschaften

Namensgebend ist die dunkle Farbe, die aus hohen Humusgehalten resultiert. Der Humus wird durch Bodenwühler tiefgründig eingearbeitet (Bioturbation). Der dunkle, humusreiche mineralische Oberbodenhorizont heißt in der WRB mollic horizon. Wegen der relativ hohen Niederschläge bildet sich kein sekundärer Kalk, es sei denn in größerer Tiefe. Trotz einer im Vergleich zu den nah verwandten Chernozemen stärkeren Auswaschung ist die Basensättigung noch durchgängig hoch.

Die Böden haben ein sehr reiches Bodenleben, optimale Wasserhaltefähigkeiten, günstige pH-Werte sowie hohe Nährstoffgehalte.

Nutzung
Phaeozeme sind sehr fruchtbar. Da sie in Gebieten mit relativ gesicherten Niederschlagsverhältnissen liegen, gehören sie zu den besten Standorten für die Landwirtschaft weltweit. Auf ihnen werden Kulturen mit hohen Ansprüchen wie Weizen, Soja und Baumwolle produziert, aber auch Gerste, Zuckerrüben (vor allem Europa) und Mais. In großen Gebieten (südamerikanische Pampa, nordamerikanische Prärie) wird Weidewirtschaft (Rinder) betrieben.

Die Humusakkumulationsböden in Deutschland (Hildesheimer Börde, Magdeburger Börde und östlicher) sind weltweit gesehen unbedeutend, haben aber national große Bedeutung. In Deutschland wird nämlich die maximal mögliche Ertragsfähigkeit eines Bodens anhand der Erträge der Böden in der Magdeburger Börde definiert. Diese gehören in der WRB, je nach dem Vorhandensein von sekundärem Kalk, teils zu den Chernozemen, teils zu den Phaeozemen.

Problematisch ist die hohe Erosionsanfälligkeit durch Regen und Wind, wenn die natürliche Vegetation gerodet wurde. Die Böden haben auch ein instabiles Gefüge, wodurch es bei der Bearbeitung zu schweren Bodenschäden kommen kann (Bodenverdichtung, Gefügezerstörung).

Verwandte Bodentypen
Bei abnehmenden Niederschlagsverhältnissen grenzt der Chernozem als zonaler Boden der Langgrassteppe an die Zone der Phaeozeme. Er ist in seinen Eigenschaften dem Phaeozem ähnlich, hat jedoch stets sekundären Kalk, ist weniger stark ausgewaschen und noch dunkler gefärbt. Gelangt man in noch trockenere Gebiete, so dominiert der Kastanozem, der Humusakkumulationsboden der semiariden Kurzgrassteppen.

Auf der feuchten Seite gehen die Phaeozeme z. B. in Luvisole und Cambisole, aber auch in die verwandten Umbrisole über.

Nach der Deutschen Bodensystematik gehören die meisten Phaeozeme mit mächtigen Axh-Horizonten zum Typ Tschernosem in der Klasse der Schwarzerden, mit geringer mächtigen A-Horizonten zu verschiedenen anderen Typen. Phaeozeme mit dominantem Bt-Horizont (wie z. B. der hier abgebildete Luvic Phaeozem) gehören zu den Parabraunerden. Auch Auenböden können zu den Phaeozemen gehören.

Siehe auch
 Schwarzerde

Weblinks
 Profilfotos (mit Klassifikation) WRB homepage
 Profilfotos (mit Klassifikation) IUSS World of Soils

Literatur
 IUSS Working Group WRB: World Reference Base for Soil Resources, fourth edition. International Union of Soil Sciences, Vienna 2022, ISBN 979-8-9862451-1-9. ().
 W. Zech, P. Schad, G. Hintermaier-Erhard: Böden der Welt. 2. Auflage. Springer-Spektrum, Heidelberg 2014. ISBN 978-3-642-36574-4.
 W. Amelung, H.-P. Blume, H. Fleige, R. Horn, E. Kandeler, I. Kögel-Knabner, R. Kretschmar, K. Stahr, B.-M. Wilke: Scheffer/Schachtschabel Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde. 17. Auflage. Heidelberg 2018. ISBN 978-3-662-55870-6.

Bodentyp

Phaeozem