هنا قائمة ببطولات ويمبلدون لسنة 1972:

الكبار

فردي رجال

 ستان سميث هزم  إيلي ناستاسي, 4-6, 6-3, 6-3, 4-6, 7-5

فردي سيدات

 بيلي جين كينغ هزم  إيفون غولاغونغ, 6-3, 6-3

زوجي رجال
 بوب هيويت و فرو ماك ميلان هزم  ستان سميث و إيريك فان ديلين, 6-2, 6-2, 9-7

زوجي سيدات
 بيلي جين كينغ و بيتي ستوف هزم  جودي تيجارت و فرانسيس دور, 6-2, 4-6, 6-3

زوجي مختلط
 إيلي ناستاسي و روزماري كاسالس هزم  كيم وارويك و إيفون غولاغونغ, 6-4, 6-4

الشباب

فردي أولاد
 بورن بورج هزم  بوستير موترام, 6-3, 4-6, 7-5

فردي بنات
 إيلانا كلوس هزم  غلاينيس كوليس, 6-4, 4-6, 6-4

زوجي أولاد
بدأت البطولة في 1982

زوجي بنات
بدأت البطولة في 1982

مراجع

بطولة ويمبلدون 1972
أحداث 1972 الرياضية في لندن
أحداث يوليو 1972 الرياضية في المملكة المتحدة
أحداث يونيو 1972 الرياضية في المملكة المتحدة
كرة المضرب في 1972

بطولة ويمبلدون 1972


Sinhalezi ili Singali su indoarijevska etnička skupina porijeklom s otoka Šri Lanke. Povijesno su bili poznati kao Hela narod koji je govorio hela, odnosno elu jezik koji se još uvijek govori na Papua Novoj Gvineji. Oni čine oko 75% stanovništva Šri Lanke, a ima ih više od 16,2 milijuna. Većina ih je koncentrirana na Šri Lanki, ali postoji i značajna dijaspora od oko 305 000 pripadnika, uglavnom koncentrirana u državama Jugoistočne Azije, dok velike zajednice postoje i u Australiji, SAD-u i Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu.

Sinhaleski identitet
Sinhaleski identitet temelji se na jeziku, kulturnoj baštini i nacionalnosti. Sinhalezi govore sinhalski, otočni indoarijski jezik, i pretežno su theravada budisti,, dok se 12,6% identificira kao hindu, 9,7% kao muslimani i 6,1% kao kršćani.

Sinhaleske skupine
Od 1815. Sinhalezi su općenito bili podijeljeni u dvije odgovarajuće skupine: 'Sinhaleze iz gornje zemlje' u središnjim planinskim regijama i 'Sinhaleze iz niskih zemalja' u obalnim regijama, međutim, iako obje skupine govore istim jezikom, razlikuju se po različitim kulturnim običajima.

Podrijetlo
Prema Mahavamsi (pomno vođena povijesna kronika Šri Lanke) i Dipavamsi (najstariji postojeći povijesni zapis o Šri Lanki, sastavljen u 4. stoljeću)  iz 3.  do 5. stoljeća koje su na Paliu napisali budistički redovnici iz Anuradhapura Maha Viharaye u Šri Lanki, Sinhalezi potječu od doseljenika koji su došli na otok 543. pr. Kr. iz Sinhapure na čelu s princom Vijayom koji su se pomiješali s autohtonim narodom Yakka i kasnijim doseljenicima iz kraljevstva Pandya.

Izvori

Etničke grupe Šri Lanke

Sinhalezi


Ümraniye, İstanbul ilinin ilçelerinden biridir. İstanbul'un nüfus bakımından en kalabalık beşinci, Anadolu Yakası'nın Pendik'in ardından en kalabalık ikinci ilçesidir. İlçe 35 mahalleden oluşur. 22 bin hektarlık bir yerleşim alanına sahiptir. Batıdan Üsküdar, güneyden Ataşehir, doğudan Sancaktepe, kuzeydoğudan Çekmeköy ve kuzeybatıdan Beykoz ilçeleriyle çevrilidir.

Ümraniye İstanbul'un en hızlı kentleşen ve nüfusu hızla artan ilçelerinden biridir. Ümraniye, ekonomik çeşitlilik açısından çok zengin bir yöre olup, küçük imalat sanayisinden konfeksiyona, yedek parça ve ağaç ürünleri üretimine kadar çeşitlilik göstermektedir.

Tarihçe

Bir zamanlar Ümraniye tamamen ormanlarla kaplı idi. Her yer orman, ağaç ve yeşil idi. Çünkü iklim orman yetişmesine elverişli durumdaydı. Tarihi kaynaklara göre Ümraniye'ye ilk yerleşenler Frigyalılardır. Çam ağacını kutsal kabul eden Frigyalılar Küçük ve Büyük Çamlıca'dan başlayarak Alemdağ ve Kayışdağı'na kadar bütün araziyi çam ormanlarıyla donatmışlardı. Sonraki yıllarda Ümraniye'nin bulunduğu yerler Romalılar ve Bizanslılar'ın egemenliğine geçmiştir. Harun Reşid ordularıyla 782 yılında Krizepolis (Üsküdar) önlerine kadar gelmiştir. Bir sene burada kaldıktan sonra 783 yılında Bizans İmparatoriçesi İren'in ordusuna mağlup olmuş, bunun sonucunda her sene Bizanslılar'a 70.000 altın vermeye zorunlu kalmıştır. İlçe toprakları Bizanslılar'la Müslüman ordular arasında zaman zaman el değiştirmiştir. Anadolu'yu Müslüman yapan ve Türkleştiren ilk devlet Danişmentliler Devletidir. Danişmend Beyliği Bizans topraklarına kadar sızmışlar, Alemdağ'ın üstünde bir kale yapmışlardır. Dânişmend Gazi'nin arkadaşı Sultan Turasan Bizanslılar'a karşı bu kalede çok defa savaşmış ve Anadolu'dan beklenen yardımı alamayınca burada öldürülmüştür. Selçuklular İznik'e kadar gelmiş, bu şehir alınmış ve bu şehri ilk başkent yapmışlardır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminde padişah olan Orhan Gazi bölgeyi Osmanlı topraklarına katmıştır. İlçenin ilk adının "Yalnız Selvi" olduğu söylenmektedir.

Bölge 17. yüzyıl başlarında Osmanlı padişahı I. Ahmet tarafından Şeyh Aziz Mahmut Hüdai'ye vakfedilmiştir. Cumhuriyet döneminden önce Bulgurlu'ya kadar olan bölge bu vakfın malı olarak Üsküdar'a bağlı kasaba olarak kalmıştır. Ümraniye'ye ilk ad olarak Yalnız Selvi demelerinin sebebi birkaç mezar ve birkaç selvi ağacının ve orman arasında birkaç evin bulunmasıdır. Ümraniye'de ilk yerleşenler Balkan Savaşları'ndan sonra, önce Batum'dan ardından da Yugoslavya ve Bulgaristan'dan gelen göçmenlerdir. Bundan dolayı bir süre de "Muhacir Köy" olarak adlandırılmıştır. 1960 yılına kadar köy olarak kalan Ümraniye, Organize Sanayi Bölgesi olarak ilan edilmesinden sonra yoğun göçlere maruz kalmıştır. Belediye ilk defa 1963 yılında kurulmuştur.

12 Eylül Darbesi sonrasında Ümraniye Belediyesi feshedilerek Üsküdar'a bağlı şube müdürlüğüne dönüştürüldü. 1987 yılında ilçe olan Ümraniye'de ilk yerel seçim 1989 yılında yapıldı.

Ümraniye'nin anlamı
Ümran sözcüğü Arapçadır. Topluluklarda mutluluk, saadet, refah anlamına gelir. Esas anlamı kalkınmış, gelişmiş, bayındırlaşmış, yaşayış koşullarının uygunlaştırılması için üzerinde çalışılmış olan yer.

Bazı kaynaklarda ise; Ümran (Ar) 1- Bayındırlık, bayındır olma, bir yerin tamamıyla meskun ve yeterince işlenmiş olması, 2- Medeniyet, terakki, refah. Umran= Ümrandır.

Nüfus

Politika

Yerel Seçimler

Kardeş şehirler
  Şahinbey - Gaziantep, Türkiye
  Altıeylül - Balıkesir, Türkiye
  Susurluk - Balıkesir, Türkiye
  Belen - Hatay, Türkiye
 Mihalgazi - Eskişehir, Türkiye
 Geyve - Sakarya, Türkiye
 Of - Trabzon, Türkiye
 Kelkit - Gümüşhane, Türkiye
 Demirözü - Bayburt, Türkiye
 Çayeli - Rize, Türkiye
 Sarıcakaya - Eskişehir, Türkiye
 Gümüşhane - Türkiye
  Fojnica, Bosna-Hersek
  Stari Grad, Bosna-Hersek
 Dire Dawa - Etiyopya

Ulaşım

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Ümraniye Belediyesi
 Ümraniye Kaymakamlığı
 Ümraniye Devlet Hastanesi
 Ümraniye Vergi Dairesi
 T.C. İstanbul Valiliği (Harika İstanbul) / Ümraniye İlçesi Tanıtımı

Ümraniye

Ümraniye


The Property Man este un film american de comedie din 1914 produs de  Mack Sennett și regizat de Charlie Chaplin. În alte roluri interpretează actorii Phyllis Allen, Alice Davenport și Charles Bennett.

Prezentare

Distribuție
 Charles Chaplin - The Property Man
 Phyllis Allen - Lena Fat
 Alice Davenport - Actress
 Charles Bennett - George Ham, Lena's husband
 Mack Sennett - Man in audience
 Norma Nichols - Vaudeville artist
 Joe Bordeaux - Old actor
 Harry McCoy - Drunk in audience
 Lee Morris - Man in audience

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1914 în film
 Listă de filme de comedie din anii 1910
 Listă de filme americane de comedie
 Listă de filme americane din 1914
 Keystone Studios

Filme din 1914
Filme regizate de Charlie Chaplin
Filme de comedie din anii 1910
Filme Keystone Studios
Filme americane
Filme alb-negru
Filme mute
Filme de scurt metraj

The Property Man


Herostrat (în ) — sau Herostratus — a fost un piroman grec din secolul al IV-lea î.Hr., care a încercat să devină celebru prin distrugerea Templului zeiței Artemis din Efes, una dintre cele Șapte Minuni ale Lumii Antice. Gestul său a determinat instituirea legii cu privire la damnatio memoriae, prin care s-a interzis oricărei persoane să-i menționeze numele. Cu toate acestea, numele său a devenit o metonimie pentru cineva care comite un act criminal cu scopul de a deveni faimos.

Istorie

Dovezile arheologice indică faptul că locul pe care s-a aflat Templul zeiței Artemis din Efes a avut o întrebuințare religioasă încă din Epoca Bronzului, iar clădirea originală a fost distrusă în timpul unei inundații în secolul al VII-lea î.Hr. Construirea unui al doilea templu a fost comandată de regele Cresus din Lidia în jurul anului 560 î.Hr., iar noul templu a fost construit de arhitecți cretani, printre care și Chersifron, în mare parte din marmură și măsura 102 metri lungime și 55 de metri lățime, având piloni înalți de 12 metri. La bazele pilonilor erau sculptate statui de zeități în mărimi reale, iar pe acoperiș se afla o statuie a zeiței Artemis. Cel de-al doilea templu a fost inclus pe lista celor Șapte Minuni ale Lumii Antice de către Herodot în secolul al V-lea î.Hr. și a fost bine cunoscut de mulți oameni din lumea antică.

Se cunosc puține lucruri despre viața lui Herostrat, deși se crede că el ar fi fost o persoană cu o poziție socială joasă, un  non-efesian sau un sclav. Potrivit tradiției, incendiul care a distrus cel de-al doilea templu a avut loc în ziua în care s-a născut Alexandru cel Mare, 21 iulie 356 î.Hr. Herostrat a fost prins și torturat pe o scară, mărturisind că a comis incendierea într-o încercare de a face ca numele său să devină nemuritor. Pentru a-i descuraja pe cei care aveau intenții similare, autoritățile efesiene nu numai că l-au executat pe Herostrat, dar au încercat să-l condamne la anonimat prin interzicerea menționării numelui lui sub amenințarea pedepsei cu moartea. Cu toate acestea, istoricul antic Theopompus menționează numele lui Herostrat în Philippica, iar el apare din nou în operele istorice de mai târziu ale lui Strabon. Se spune că, de fapt, numele său a supraviețuit numelui judecătorilor lui, iar în Hydriotaphia Sir Thomas Browne a afirmat: Dar nedreptatea uitării își împrăștie orbește semințele și se ocupă cu perpetuarea amintirii oamenilor fără a ține cont de merite... Herostratus trăiește pentru că a dat foc Templului Dianei, numele celui care l-a construit s-a pierdut...  Cine știe dacă cei mai buni dintre oameni sunt cunoscuți? sau dacă nu au fost uitate persoane mai remarcabile decât oricare dintre cele menționate în relatările cunoscute ale timpului?Lucrările de construire a unui al treilea templu pe același loc au început în 323 î.Hr., rezultând un templu mai mare și mai frumos ornat, pe care Antipater din Sidon l-a inclus între cele șapte minuni ale lumii antice.

Moștenire
Numele lui Herostrat a pătruns în literatura clasică și a fost folosit în limbile moderne ca un termen pentru a desemna o persoană care comite un act criminal cu scopul de a obține notorietate, dobândind astfel o faimă herostratică.

Termen
Termenul "faimă herostratică" se referă la Herostrat și înseamnă "faimă [căutaăt] cu orice preț".

Menționare în literatură și artă
 Chaucer face referire la Herostrat în The House of Fame: "I am that ylke shrewe, ywis, / That brende the temple of Ysidis / In Athenes, loo, that citee." / "And wherfor didest thou so?" spune ea. / "By my thrift", spune el, "madame, / I wolde fayn han had a fame, / As other folk hadde in the toun..."
 Mulți autori din Spania secolelor al XVI-lea și al XVII-lea se referă la Herostrat pentru a-l reprezenta pe cineva care este dispus să facă orice pentru a deveni faimos. Se discută despre el în Capitolul 8 a părții a II-a a romanului Don Quijote (1615) al lui Cervantes, alături de Iulius Cezar și Hernán Cortés, printre alții. Don García, protagonistul cărții La verdad sospechosa a lui Ruiz de Alarcón, compară faptele sale cu cele ale personajului antic.
 În capitolul intitulat "Vise" al cărții Mardi și o călătorie până acolo (1849) a lui Herman Melville, protagonistul afirmă: "Cine mă ucide cu pietre va fi ca Herostrat, cel care a dat foc templului..."
 Jaroslav Hašek în prefața ultimului său roman, Peripețiile bravului soldat Švejk, l-a comparat pe Herostrat cu Švejk (protagonistul romanului) și l-a lăudat pe acesta din urmă.
 Protagonistul filmului Herostratus (1967) angajează o companie de marketing pentru a transforma săritura sa sinucigașă în gol într-un spectacol mass-media.
 În romanul Două surori (1970) al lui Gore Vidal povestea vieții lui Herostrat apare ca un subiect secundar.
 În piesa Uită-l pe Herostratus! (1972) a lui Grigori Gorin un "om de teatru" din prezent examinează judecata lui Herostrat în scopul de a înțelege sursa dezastrului care afectează omenirea.
 Povestirea "Erostratus" a lui Jean-Paul Sartre se bazează în principal pe povestea lui Herostrat.
 În filmul Călăuza (1979) al lui Andrei Tarkovski se face referire la Herostrat.

Referințe

Bibliografie
 HEROSTRATUS in Smith, William, ed. (1870) Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, V. 2, p. 439.

Decese în 356 î.Hr.
Greci din secolul al IV-lea î.Hr.
Nașteri în secolul al IV-lea î.Hr.

Herostrat


Rade Bogdanović (født 21. maj 1970) er en tidligere serbisk fodboldspiller.

Serbiens fodboldlandshold

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Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Serbien
Personer fra Sarajevo

Rade Bogdanović


George Dawson (18 Ocak 1898; Marshall, Teksas - 5 Temmuz 2001, Teksas), 98 yaşında okuma yazma öğrenen, 101 yaşında da Richard Glaubman ile birlikte "Life Is So Good" adlı bir kitap yazan Amerikalı yazardır. Afrikalı köle bir ailenin torunu olan Dawson, insanlara hayatta hayallere ulaşmak için hiçbir zaman geç olmayacağı iletisini sunmuştur.

20. yüzyıl Amerikalı yazarları
21. yüzyıl Amerikalı yazarları
1898 doğumlular
2001 yılında ölenler
100 yaş üstü Amerikalılar
Resim aranan yazarlar
Teksas doğumlular
Teksas'ta ölenler

George Dawson


The Borough of Queenscliffe is a local government area in the Barwon South West region of Victoria, Australia, located in the southern part of the state. It is the smallest local government area in Victoria, covering an area of  and, in June 2018, had a population of . It includes only two settlements, which are Queenscliff and Point Lonsdale. It is situated on the south coast, south-east of Geelong on the Bellarine Peninsula south of Swan Bay and next to the Port Phillip Heads, the entrance to Port Phillip Bay from Bass Strait.

The Borough is governed and administered by the Queenscliffe Borough Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Queenscliff. The Borough is named after the main settlement located in the centre of the LGA, that is Queenscliff, which is also the LGA's most populous urban centre with a population of 1,315.

History
The Borough of Queenscliffe was established on 12 May 1863. Queenscliff was first and foremost built for government purposes, providing postal, customs, health and telegraph services, lighthouse and signal services, military and defence establishments and the sea pilots service.

Survival of the local council restructure
Queenscliffe is the last borough remaining in both Victoria and all of Australia and was the only LGA not to have been subject to changes to its boundaries and/or name in the Victorian local government restructure which took place between 1993 and 1995. Had the same restructuring principles, which had been applied to other municipalities in the state, also been applied to Queenscliffe, the Borough would have been absorbed into the new City of Greater Geelong.

Queenscliffe's exclusion from the restructure was debated in the Victorian Parliament at the time.

Liberal Premier Jeff Kennett, in explaining his reasons, stated:

Labor member for Melbourne Neil Cole suggested that his reasons were, in fact, based on internal Liberal Party considerations:

Kennett explicitly denied that this was the case:

Labor member George Seitz suggested a more innocent reason:

Overall, the reasons for Queenscliffe being excluded remain unclear, and the range of opinions may perhaps best be summarised by Peter Loney's quip:

Reduction in number of councillors
At the 2008 elections the number of councillors was reduced from seven to the current five.

Council

Current composition
The council is composed of five councillors elected to represent an unsubdivided municipality. The current council was elected in November 2020 for a four-year term. Councillors are elected on a proportional representation basis.

Former and current Mayors
 Cr Pat Semmens (2006–2008)
 Cr Bob Merriman (2008–2012; 2018–19)
 Cr Hélène Cameron (2012–2016)
 Cr Tony Francis (2016–2017)
 Cr Susan Salter (2017–2018)
Cr Ross Ebbels (2019–pres)

Administration and governance
The council meets in the council chambers at the council headquarters in the Queenscliffe Municipal Offices, which is also the location of the council's administrative activities. It also provides customer services at its administrative centre in Queenscliff.

Townships and localities
The 2021 census, the borough had a population of 3,276 up from 2,853 in the 2016 census

^ - Territory divided with another LGA

See also
 List of places on the Victorian Heritage Register in the Borough of Queenscliffe

References

External links

Official website
Metlink local public transport map
Link to Land Victoria interactive maps

Local government areas of Victoria (state)
Barwon South West (region)

Boroughs of Australia
Bellarine Peninsula

Borough of Queenscliffe


Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus (d. 31 Ağustos 161 – ö. 31 Aralık 192), 177'den 192'ye kadar hüküm sürmüş bir Roma imparatoru. Babası Marcus Aurelius ile birlikte 177'den babasının 180'deki ölümüne kadar görev yapmış, daha sonra öldürülene kadar tek başına hüküm sürmüştür. Onun hükümdarlığı genellikle Roma İmparatorluğu tarihinde barış ve refahın altın çağının (Pax Romana) sonu olarak kabul edilir.

172'de Commodus, Markoman Savaşları sırasında ve 176'da Doğu eyaletlerini gezerken babasına eşlik etti. Ertesi yıl 16 yaşında o zamana kadarki en genç imparator ve konsül oldu. Onun tek başına hüküm sürdüğü dönemde Roma İmparatorluğu, Marcus Aurelius dönemine kıyasla daha az askeri çatışma yaşadı. Entrika ve komploların bolluğu, Commodus'un giderek diktatörce bir liderlik tarzına dönmesine yol açmış, bu da Kolezyum'da gladyatör olarak sahne alması da dahil olmak üzere tanrısal bir kişilik kültü yaratmasıyla sonuçlanmıştır. Commodus saltanatı boyunca işlerin yönetimini saray kethüdasına ve Saoterus, Perennis ve Cleander adlı praetorian prefect'lere emanet etti.

Commodus'un 192 yılında hamamda kendisini suyun altında tutan bir güreşçi tarafından öldürülmesi, Nerva-Antonin hanedanının sonunu getirdi. Yerine çalkantılı Beş İmparator Yılı'nın ilk imparatoru olan Pertinax geçti.

Hayatı

Gençliği ve Yükselişi (161–180)

Çocukluğu
Commodus 31 Ağustos 161'de yönetimdeki İmparator Marcus Aurelius'un oğlu olarak Lanuvium'da Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus adıyla doğdu. İkiz kardeşi Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus doğumundan beş yıl sonra 12 Ekim 166'da öldü. Commodus, 169'da ölerek onu babasının yaşayan tek oğlu olarak bırakacak olan küçük kardeşi Marcus Annius Verus'la birlikte Sezar ilan edilmişti.

Commodus babası Marcus Aurelius'un ellerinde 'iyi ustaların serveti' diye tanımladığı geniş bir eğitim almıştı. Commodus'un eğitiminin odağı entelektüel olmak ve imkân dahilinde masraflı askeri eğitimlerdi.

Gençliği
Commodus'un 15 Ekim 172 Markoman Savaşları sırasında babası Marcus Aurelius'un karargâh şehri Carnuntum'da olduğu biliniyor çünkü bu tarihte kendisine Orduda hazır bulunduğu halde zafer nişanesi olarak "Germanicus" unvanı veriliyor. 20 Ocak 175'te sosyal hayattaki kariyerin başlangıç noktası olan Pontifler kolejine girdi.

Nisan 175'te, Suriye valisi Avidius Cassius, Marcus Aurelius'un öldüğü yolundaki söylentiler üzerine imparatorluğunu ilan etti. Kendisini Suriye, Filistin ve Mısır eyaletleri destekledi. Cassius, Marcus'un apaçık hayatta olduğu haberini almasına rağmen isyanı devam ettirdi. Cassius'a karşı yapılacak seferin hazırlıkları sırasında Commodus, toga virilis Tuna cephesinde 7 Temmuz 175'te giyerek yetişkinliğe girdiğini ilan etti. Cassius, neden sonra, kendisine karşı başlayacak seferden önce Centurion'larından biri tarafından öldürüldü.

Commodus, babasının Antakya'yı da ziyaret ettiği uzun doğu seyahati sırasında ona yardımcı olarak eşlik etti. İmparator ve oğlu ardından Atina'ya geçtiler ve Elefsis Gizemleri'nı bilenler üyeliğine kabul edildiler. Roma'ya 176 yılının son baharında döndüler.

Müşterek yönetim
27 Kasım 176'da Marcus Aurelius, Commodus'u Imperator olarak şereflendirdi. 177 ortalarında verdiği Augustus unvanı ile kendisi ile aynı hak ve yetkilere sahip olduğunu kabul etmiş oldu. Aynı yıl 23 Aralık'ta iki Augusti müşterek İmparatorluğu bir triumph ile kutladılar ve Commodus'a tribün gücü verildi. 1 Ocak 177'de Commodus 15 yaşında Roma tarihindeki en genç konsül oldu. Daha sonra 17 Mart 180'de ölerek tek başına imparatorluk yolunu açacak olan babasının Tuna cephesine bir kez daha yapacağı seferden önce 178'de Bruttia Crispina ile evlendi.

Fiziksel Cesareti

Commodus ve Herkül
Commodus, babasının felsefeye olan eğilimine duyduğu gurura karşın fiziksel cesaretinden de oldukça gurur duyardı. Kendisini Herkül gibi aslan postu ve elinde sopa ile gösteren birçok heykel sipariş etmişti. Kendini Herkül'ün bir reankarnasyonu olarak görüyor, sık sık arenada efsanevi kahramana benzemeye çalışarak değişik vahşi hayvanlarla dövüşüyordu. Cassius Dio Historia Augusta'da Commodus'un son hızla koşan bir deve kuşunu başından vurabilecek kadar usta bir okçu olduğunu ve arenada kurbanına saldırmak üzere olan siyah bir panteri öldürdüğünü yazmaktadır.

Gladyatör Commodus
İmparator aynı zamanda gladyatör dövüşlerine arenada gladyatör kıyafetleriyle dolaşacak kadar meraklıydı. Bu durum, Senato için kabul edilemez bir skandaldı. Zira gladyatörler esasen toplumun en alt tabakasını oluşturan kölelerdi. Arena dövüşlerinde Commodus, rakipleri İmparatora karşı her zaman teslim olduğundan dolayı sürekli kazanıyordu. Özel olarak, bu onun rakiplerini vahşice öldürme geleneğinin alıştırmasıydı. Arenada her görünüşü Roma şehrinden bir milyon sestertius alıyordu. Bu da Roma ekonomisini zorlamaya başlıyordu.

Colonia Commodiana
192'de Roma'nın bir kısmı yanınca Commodus, Roma şehrini kendi onuruna Colonia Commodiana adıyla yeniden kurma işiyle meşgul oldu. Takvimdeki tüm aylar Commodus onuruna (Lucius, Aelius, Aurelius, Commodus, Augustus, Herculeus, Romanus, Exsuperatorius, Amazonius, Invictus, Felix, Pius) olarak yeniden adlandırıldı.

Ölümü
Colonia Commodiana'dan bir yıl sonra Commodus metresi ve kuzeni Marcia'nın gönderdiği güreşçi olan Narcissus tarafından 192'de kendi hamamında boğularak öldürüldü. Ölümünden bir gün önce Senato'ya gladyatör kıyafetiyle yürüyüp konsül olarak görev yapmayı planlamıştı. Ölümü üzerine senatosu damnatio memoriae uyguladı ve şehrin ismini tekrar Roma olarak değiştirdi. Yine de 195'te, İmparator Septimius Severus, Marcus Aurelius ailesi ile bağları olduğunu ispatlamak için Commodus'a itibarını iade etti ve senato tarafından tanrı olarak kutsanmasını sağladı.

Commodus'un ölümünü takiben İmparator olan Pertinax'ın saltanatı çok kısa sürdü. O, Beş İmparator Yılı olarak bilinen yılın ilk kurbanı oldu. Commodus ile birlikte Nerva-Antonin Hanedanı'nı sona ermiştir.

Popüler kültürde Commodus

Film
 1964'te Roma İmparatorluğu'nun Çöküşü filminde Christopher Plummer tarafından canlandırıldı.
 2000'de Gladyatör, Joaquin Phoenix'in canlandırdığı Commodus karakteri ile Akademi Ödülü'ne aday oldu. Filmde Commodus karakteri tahtı ele geçirmek için Marcus Aurelius'u öldüren delirmiş bir megaloman olarak kurgulanmıştır. (Tarihte Marcus Aurelius'un kendi oğlu tarafından öldürüldüğüne dair herhangi bir kanıt yoktur. Filmin kahramanı Maximus Decimus Meridius (Russell Crowe tarafından canlandırıldı), Commodus'un gerçek katili Narcissus'dan biraz esinlenilmiştir.)
Roma İmparatorluğu Kanlı Saltanat, 2016 - Commodus'un hayatını konu edinen belgesel-drama dizisi.

Notlar

Dış bağlantılar

 Historia Augusta: Commodus'un Hayatı
 Cassius Dio tarihi 73. kitap

161 doğumlular
192 yılında ölenler
Nervan-Antoninler Hanedanı
2. yüzyıl Roma imparatorları
Suikast sonucu ölen Roma imparatorları
2. yüzyılda suçlar

Commodus


Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort, KG PC (2 April 1684 – 24 May 1714) was an English peer and politician. He was the only son of Charles Somerset, Marquess of Worcester, and Rebecca Child. He was styled Earl of Glamorgan until 1698, and Marquess of Worcester from 1698 until his grandfather's death on 21 January 1700, when he succeeded him as 2nd Duke of Beaufort.

Life
Born at Monmouth Castle, he entertained Queen Anne and the Prince Consort with splendour at Badminton in August 1702. He held aloof from public affairs until the fall of Sunderland heralded the collapse of the Whig Junto in 1710, when he is said to have remarked to the queen that he could at length call her a queen in reality. A thorough-going Tory, he was, after some opposition from Jonathan Swift, admitted a member of the "Brothers' Club" on 21 February 1711. He was made captain of the gentlemen pensioners in 1712, and appointed a Knight of the Garter in October 1712.

Dying at the age of thirty, on 24 May 1714, Beaufort was succeeded by his son Henry. The 2nd Duke is buried at St Michael and All Angels Church, Badminton.

Family
He married three times:
 On 7 July 1702 to Lady Mary Sackville, daughter of Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset, who died 18 June 1705, with whom he had no issue;
 On 26 February 1706 to Lady Rachel Noel, daughter of Wriothesley Baptist Noel, 2nd Earl of Gainsborough, who died 13 September 1709 after giving birth, and
 On 14 September 1711 at St Mary's Church, Wimbledon to Lady Mary Osborne (d. 4 February 1722), daughter of Peregrine Osborne, 2nd Duke of Leeds, with whom he had no issue.

With his second wife he had two sons:
 Henry Somerset, 3rd Duke of Beaufort his heir and successor; and
 Charles Noel Somerset, 4th Duke of Beaufort his brother's heir and successor.

Notes

Attribution

1684 births
1714 deaths
102
10
Garter Knights appointed by Anne
Lord-Lieutenants of Gloucestershire
Lord-Lieutenants of Hampshire
Masters of foxhounds in England
Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain
Henry Somerset, 02nd Duke of Beaufort
Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms

Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort


Walter Calverley Trevelyan ( - ) est un naturaliste et géologue britannique.

Biographie

Il est né en 1797 à Newcastle-upon-Tyne, le fils aîné de Sir John Trevelyan, cinquième baronnet, de Nettlecombe, Somerset, et de sa femme Maria Wilson, fille de Sir Thomas Spencer Wilson de Charlton, Kent. La famille est Cornish, tirant son nom de Tre-Velian ou Trevelyan, près de Fowey.

Il fait ses études à Harrow School. Il s'inscrit à l'University College d'Oxford le 26 avril 1816, obtient un BA en 1820 et une maîtrise en 1822. L'année précédente, il se rend à Édimbourg pour continuer les études scientifiques qu'il avait commencées à Oxford.

En 1821, il visite les îles Féroé et publie dans le New Philosophical Journal (1835, vol. xviii.) un compte rendu de ses observations, qu'il réimprime en 1837 pour une diffusion privée. Entre 1835 et 1846, il voyage beaucoup dans le sud de l'Europe, mais la dernière année, il hérite du titre et des domaines familiaux du Somerset, du Devon, de Cornouailles et du Northumberland. Il est un propriétaire généreux et un agriculteur à l'esprit public, très connu pour son troupeau de Shorthorn.

Il est élu membre de la Société géologique de Londres (FGS) en 1817, et est également élu membre de la Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) en 1822 et de la Society of Antiquaries en 1854. Pendant quelques années, il est président de l'Alliance du Royaume-Uni. La botanique et la géologie sont ses sciences préférées, mais il a aussi une excellente connaissance des antiquités et est un partisan libéral de tous les efforts pour l'augmentation des connaissances, entre autres de la construction des bâtiments du musée à Oxford. Il est un mécène libéral des beaux-arts et rassemble à Wallington Hall une bonne collection de livres curieux et de spécimens illustrant l'histoire naturelle et l'ethnologie. En collaboration avec son cousin, Sir Charles Edward Trevelyan, il édite les Trevelyan Papers (Camden Soc. 1856, 1862, 1872), à la troisième partie desquels une précieuse notice d'introduction est préfixée. Il publie, selon le catalogue de la Royal Society, quinze articles sur des sujets scientifiques, la majorité traitant de sujets géologiques dans le nord de l'Angleterre.

Il meurt à Wallington Hall le 23 mars 1879.

Famille
Il se marie deux fois : le 21 mai 1835, avec Pauline Jermyn (décédée en 1866), fille du révérend le  Jermyn ; puis, le 11 juillet 1867, avec Laura Capel, fille de Capel Lofft, de Troston Hall dans le Suffolk. Comme les deux mariages sont sans enfant, le titre revient à son neveu, Sir Alfred Wilson Trevelyan (1831–1891), septième baronnet, mais il laisse la propriété dans le nord du pays à son cousin, Sir Charles Edward Trevelyan.

Son testament surprend Alfred, informé à la fin d'une longue lettre sur les méfaits de l'alcool. Alfred se lance un procès couteux mais infructueux pour le titre et la succession. Un biographe de la famille note que Walter a changé son testament en 1852, impressionné par le fils de son cousin; le jeune George Otto qui est l'un des visiteurs du couple et a reçu des indices sur le testament secret. Issu de la famille modeste d'un fonctionnaire, Charles est soudainement propulsé à une position de richesse.

Une tête de médaillon est introduite dans les décorations de la salle de Wallington ; un portrait à l'huile, peint par un artiste italien vers 1845, est à Nettlecombe, et une petite aquarelle (de Millais ) est en la possession de la veuve de Sir AW Trevelyan.

Références

Liens externes

Botaniste britannique du XIXe siècle
Membre de la Society of Antiquaries of London
Étudiant de l'University College (Oxford)
Élève de Harrow School
Baronnet
Décès en mars 1879
Naissance en mars 1797
Géologue britannique

Walter Calverley Trevelyan


Das Brussels Open 2012 war ein Tennis-Sandplatzturnier für Frauen in Brüssel. Es war als Turnier der Premier-Kategorie Teil der WTA Tour 2012. Das Turnier fand vom 19. bis zum 26. Mai 2012 statt.

Titelverteidigerin im Einzel war Caroline Wozniacki, die in diesem Jahr nicht am Turnier teilnahm. Im Doppel waren Andrea Hlaváčková und Galina Woskobojewa Titelverteidigerinnen, welche dieses Jahr ebenfalls nicht teilnahmen.

Qualifikation
Ausgespielt wurden vier Qualifikantenplätze für das Einzel, die zur Teilnahme am Hauptfeld des Turniers berechtigten.

Einzel

Setzliste

Ergebnisse

Doppel

Setzliste

Ergebnisse

Weblinks
 Offizielle Homepage des Turniers

Turnier der WTA Tour 2012
Tennisturnier in Brüssel

Brussels Open 2012


9196 Sukagawa este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
9196 Sukagawa este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Geisei de Tsutomu Seki. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,21 ua, o excentricitate de 0,07 și o înclinație de 3,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 9001-10000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1992
Centura de asteroizi

9196 Sukagawa


Al Jazeera, Jazira, Jazirah, Jezira, Yazira, Yazirah, Djazirah, Djezirah u otras formas de transcribirlo, puede referirse a:

La expresión árabe (الجزيرة) que significa "la isla" o "la península"

Topónimos

Tradicionales
El nombre tradicional árabe de la Mesopotamia superior
El nombre tradicional árabe de la Península arábiga

Actuales
Al Jazirah (Sudán) o Gezira, estado de Sudán
Al Jazirah (Sharjah), localidad del emirato de Sharjah
Isla Gezira, en el río Nilo a su paso por la ciudad de El Cairo
Jaziira (Somalia), localidad de Somalia
Gżira, localidad de Malta

Nombres árabes de ciudades españolas
Algeciras, ciudad española que ha heredado el nombre de Al-Yazira Al-Jadra ("la isla verde")
Alcira, ciudad española que ha heredado el nombre de Al-Yazirat Šuqar ("la isla del Júcar")
Ciudadela o Ciudadela de Menorca, ciudad española cuyo nombre árabe era Medīna el Ŷezīra ("la ciudad de la isla")

Gentilicio
El gentilicio es jazarí, nombre que ha llevado al menos un personaje histórico:
Al Jazarí, intelectual de los siglos XII-XIII

Cadenas de televisión
Al Jazeera
Al-Jazeera Mobasher
Al Jazeera English
Al-Yazira Infantil

Clubes deportivos
Al-Jazira Sporting Club (Emiratos Árabes Unidos)
Al Jazira Ammán (Jordania)

Otros usos
Jazeera Airways, líneas aéreas de Kuwait

Al Jazeera (desambiguación)


At the Gates er sænsk þungarokkssveit frá Gautaborg sem stofnuð var árið 1990.

Hljómsveitin var frumkvöðull í melódísku dauðarokki. At the Gates starfaði til 1996 þegar tvíburabræðurnir Anders og Jonas Björler ákváðu að hætta. Sveitin hafði þá gefið út plötuna Slaughter of the Soul (1995) sem er ein áhrifamesta plata stefnunnar.

Björler-bræður og Adrian Erlandsson trommari ATG, stofnuðu hljómsveitina The Haunted. Tomas Lindberg, söngvari ATG, hélt sér uppteknum í mismunandi sveitum eins og Skitsystem, The Crown, Lock Up og Nightrage.

Eftir endurkomu árið 2008 ákvað sveitin að halda áfram nokkru síðar og gaf út nýjar plötur.

Sveitin spilaði á Eistnaflugi 2014.

Meðlimir
Tomas Lindberg − Söngur (1990–1996, 2007–2008, 2010–)
Adrian Erlandsson − Trommur (1990–1996, 2007–2008, 2010–)
Anders Björler − Gítar (1990–1996, 2007–2008, 2010–2017, 2022–)
Jonas Björler − Bassi (1990–1992, 1993–1996, 2007–2008, 2010–), trommur (1990)
Martin Larsson − Gítar (1993–1996, 2007–2008, 2010–)

Fyrrum meðlimir
Alf Svensson − Gítar (1990–1993)
Björn Mankner − Bassi (1990)
Cliff Lundberg − Bassi (1992)
Jonas Stålhammar − Gítar (2017−2022)

Plötur
The Red in the Sky Is Ours (1992)
With Fear I Kiss the Burning Darkness (1993)
Terminal Spirit Disease (1994)
Slaughter of the Soul (1995)
At War with Reality (2014)
To Drink from the Night Itself (2018)
The Nightmare of Being (2021)

Sænskar þungarokkshljómsveitir

At the Gates


An Maxillariella robusta in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni João Barbosa Rodrigues, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Mario Alberto Blanco och Germán Carnevali. An Maxillariella robusta in nahilalakip ha genus nga Maxillariella, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Maxillariella

Maxillariella robusta


Zlatko Dević (Kiseljak, 1955.), hrv. bh. slikar.

Životopis
Rođen je u Kiseljaku. U Sarajevu je završio srednju školu primijenjenih umjetnosti i Akademiju likovnih umjetnosti. Slika tehnikom akvarela i dr. Od 1982. godine član je ULUBiH-a. Radio je kao nastavnik likovne kulture u OŠ Kiseljak i OŠ Gromiljak sve do mirovine. Izlagao na samostalnim i skupnim izložbama diljem regije. Nagrađivan za rad u slikarstvu i za uspjehe u pedagoškom radu.

Izvori

Životopisi, Kiseljak
Hrvatski slikari iz Bosne i Hercegovine

Zlatko Dević


تحتوي هذه القائمة على الآلهة في المعتقدات اليابانية. معظم هذه الآلهة هي من الشنتو، وبعضها الآخر هو من البوذية، أو الطاوية، وتم دمجها في الميثولوجيا اليابانية والفلكور الياباني.

شنتو
تضم القائمة التالية بعض الآلهة الرئيسية في الشنتو. حيث يقال في الميثولوجيا اليابانية أن هناك ثمانية ملايين إله  (تلفظ : ياأوروزونوكامي) وهذا يدل على العدد اللانهائي للآلهة أو استحالة عدهم.

الكامي الرئيسيون
 أمه نو أوزومه  : آلهة الشروق.
 أماتيراسو أو مي كامي  : آلهة الشمس وأصل العائلة الإمبراطورية في اليابان.
 أمه نو كويانه  : يعتبر أنه أول مسؤول عن أمور الآلهة ومساعد لأول أباطرة اليابان، كما يعتبر أنه أصل عائلة فوجي-وارا.
 فوجين  : إله الرياح، ويعتبر من أقدم آلهة الشنتو.
 هاتشيمان  : إله الحرب وهو الحامي المقدس لأراضي اليابان واليابانيين.
 إناري  : إله الرز والخصوبة.
 إزاناغي  : أب الآلهة الأول، وهو إله الحياة والموت.
 إزانامي  : زوجة إزاناغي، آلهة الحياة والموت.
 نينغي نو ميكوتو  : هو حفيد أماتيراسو، وقد عرف لاحقاً على أنه الإمبراطور جيمو، أول إمبراطور ياباني.
 رايجين  : إله البرق والرعد.
 ريوحين  : وهو تنين، وإله البحر.
 سوسانو  : إله العواصف والبحر.
 تين جين  : إله المعرفة.
 توياما هيمه  : ابنة ريوجين، يقال أنها تحولت إلى تنين واختلفت بعد أن أنجب ولدها.
 تسوكويومي  : إله القمر.

الكامي الثانويون
 أماتسو ميكابوشي
 كونوهاناساكويا هيمه  زوجة نينجي وابنة أوهوياماتسومي، وتعرف على أنها آلهة جبل فوجي.
 أوهوياماتسومي  : الأخ الأكبر لأماتيراسو، ويحكم الجبال، البحر، والحرب.
 ساروتاهيكو  : إله الأرض التي دلت نينجي إلى الجزر اليابانية.
 أوكه موتشي : آلهة الطعام.

في البوذية
 أميتابها  : ويعرف بشكل شائع على أنه بوذا الأرض الطاهرة.
 داروما : يعرف على أنه منشأ مذهب الزن البوذي.

آلهة الحظ السبعة

 إبيسو : إله صيد السمك والتجارة وغالباً مايصور حاملاً سمكة.
 دايكوكوتين : إله الثروة والتجارة. غالباً مايصور إبيسو ودايكوكوتين جنباً إلى جنب في الأعمال الفنية والتماثيل.
 بيشامونتين :إله المحاربين.
 بينزايتين :آلهة المعرفة، الفن والجمال، وخاصة الموسيقى.
 فوكوروكوجو : إله السعادة، الثروة، وطول العمر.
 هوتيه :إله الوفرة والصحة الجيدة.
 جوروجين :إله الحكمة.

انظر أيضًا
 شنتو

المراجع

أرباب اليابان
آلهة يابانية
تراث شعبي ياباني
قوائم آلهة
قوائم متعلقة باليابان
قوائم متعلقة بثقافة يابانية

قائمة الآلهة في الأساطير اليابانية


Garrett M. Brown est un acteur américain né le  au Michigan.

Biographie

Filmographie

Cinéma

Télévision

Liens externes

Naissance en novembre 1948
Naissance au Michigan
Acteur américain de cinéma
Acteur américain de télévision

Garrett M. Brown


Oscar for bedste unikke og kunstneriske produktion eller Academy Award for Best Unique and Artistic Picture var en filmpris, som blev uddelt ved den første Oscaruddeling i 1929.  Den betragtes ikke som bedste film-prisen det år, men mere som en bestemt afgrening, hvor man også havde en pris for bedste produktion. De følgende uddelinger lige siden har man ikke uddelt denne pris, men i stedet oprettet bedste film, som dermed både dækker over bedste produktion og kunstneriske produktion.

Vinderen af prisen blev Solopgang instrueret af F.W. Murnau og produceret af William Fox. De andre nominerede i kategorien var Chang: A Drama of the Wilderness produceret af Merian C. Cooper og Ernest B. Schoedsack og En søn af Folket produceret af Irving Thalberg.

Henvisninger

Unikke og kunstneriske produktion


USS Missoula may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:

, was the Montana renamed in 1915
, was a transport in service from 1943 to 1968

United States Navy ship names

USS Missoula


La mesorregión del Centro-Sur Paranaense es una de las diez mesorregiones del estado brasileño del Paraná. Es formada por la unión de 29 municipios agrupados en tres microrregiones.

Microrregiones
 Guarapuava
 Palmas
 Pitanga

Mesorregiones de Paraná

Mesorregión del Centro-sur Paranaense


Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance, prescurtat INSEP (în ) este o instituție publică franceză însărcinată cu formarea celor mai buni tineri sportivi de performanță, supravegheată de Ministerul tineretului și sportului. Înființată în 1975, este moștenitoarea lui École de Joinville. Se află la limita lui Bois de Vincennes în arondismentul 12 din Paris.

În anul 2015, INSEP a găzduit peste 630 de sportivi rezidenți, inclusiv aproape 400 de pensionari și 140 de minori, supravegheați de 150 de antrenori si tehnicieni sportivi. Se împart în 27 de pôles France (poli Franța) sau secții sportive, care oferă acces la facilitățile sportive din campus. Sportivi absolvenți ai acestui institut au reprezentat 56% din medaliații francezi la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2012.

INSEP aparține rețelei naționale franceze a sportului de performanță, care cuprinde:
 cele trei școlii sportive de specialitate: ENVSM (navigare și sporturi nautice), ENSM (sporturi de munte) și IFCE (călătorie)
 federațiile naționale ale sporturilor clasificate ca ramură de sport de performanță
 cele 17 Centre de Resurse, Expertiză și Performanță Sportivă (CREPS, centrele de pregătire olimpică) repartizate pe teritoriul Franței, inclusiv două în Franța de peste mări
 Direcția națională pentru sport din cadrul Ministerului tineretului și sportului
 autoritățile regionale și locale

Note

Legături externe
 Site-ul oficial

Sport în Franța
Universități din Franța
Arondismentul 12 din Paris


قلوب للإيجار, مسلسل قطري، درامي خليجي اجتماعي من بطولة الفنان القطري عبد العزيز جاسم، والفنانة الكويتية باسمة حمادة والإماراتية فاطمة الحوسني وكوكبة من النجوم الصاعدين والقدامى.

و يتحدث المسلسل عن حياة أشخاص وما يتعرضون إليه من أزمات ومواقف عبر أحداثه التي تجسد الواقع الذي تعيشه بعض الأسر القطرية وغيرهم في ظل أزمة ارتفاع أسعار العقارات والغلاء الرهيب كما يتحدث المسلسل عن الأزمة الاقتصادية والتي حلت في العالم أجمع وتأثيرها علي الشأن المحلي في قالب كوميدي.

قلوب للإيجار

تدور أحداث المسلسل حول أسرة مكونة من 6 أشخاص وخادمة في منزل بمجمع يضم عشرات الفلل، وعلاقاتهم مع جيرانهم مقطوعة تماما.

وتبدأ القصة حين يرفع صاحب العقار قيمة الإيجار ويطالبهم بالدفع مقدما، فيحتج راشد ويلجأ لبقية المستأجرين ليتضامنوا معه، ويتم توكيل محامي يفشل في ضمان حقوقهم ويعاند صاحب العقار فينهي

عقودهم ويجدون أنفسهم مجبرين على إيجاد مكان آخر، وهنا تبدأ الأزمة الحقيقية بغلاء الإيجارات وجشع التجار.

تدور بقية أحداث المسلسل لترصد بشكل فكاهي وكوميدي تداعيات الأزمة المالية العالمية، خاصة عندما يقرر راشد الإقامة في قطعة أرض بعيدة وهنا تحدث مفارقات عديدة.

الطاقم التمثيلي

البطولة

مصادر

مسلسلات هبة الدري
مسلسلات تلفزيونية بدأ عرضها في 2009
مسلسلات تلفزيونية قطرية

قلوب للإيجار (مسلسل)


هالف موون باي  هي إحدى مدن مقاطعة سان ماتيو، كاليفورنيا. تم إعطاءها لقب مدينة في 15 يوليو، 1959.

المناخ
يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة لهالف موون باي:

أعلام
 أل بيريرا
 جورج بيري

مراجع

مدن ساحلية في كاليفورنيا
مدن منطقة خليج سان فرانسيسكو
مدن كاليفورنيا

مدن في مقاطعة سان ماتيو (كاليفورنيا)

هالف موون باي (كاليفورنيا)

هالف موون باي (كاليفورنيا)


Jordan Jovčev (bugarski: Йордан Йовчев Йовчев, Plovdiv 24. veljače 1974.) bugarski gimnastičar.

Jovčev je rođen u Plovdivu gradu u središnjoj Bugarskoj. Osvojio je srebrenu madalju na Olimpijskim igrama 2004. godine u Ateni s rezultatom od 9.850 u disciplini karike. Na istim igrama osvojio je broncu za vježbu na parteru. Na Olimpijskim igrama 2000. godine u Sydneyu osvojio je brončane madalje na parteru i višeboju.

Zajedno se s Krasimirom Dunevom i Ivanom Ivanovim preselio u SAD nakon Olimpijskih igra 1996. boraveći u Detroitu. Tijekom svoje karijere odbio je ponude za promjenom državljanstva i mogućeg nastupanja pod zastavom SAD-a.

Nastupio je ukupno na šest Olimpijskih igara, te je gimnastičar s najviše nastupa na Olimpijskim igrama. Više nastupa od njega u gimnastici ima samo Uzbekistanka Oksana Čusovitina.

Uspio se kvalificirani na Olimpijske igre 2012. u Londonu gdje je osvojio sedmo mjesto u finalu karika. Na otvaranju igara u Londonu nosio je bugarsku zastavu. Godine 2009. izabran je za predsjednika Bugarskog gimnastičkog saveza. Službeno se povukao iz sporta u veljači 2013.

Godine 2016. primljen je u Međunarodnu gimnastičku kuću slavnih.

Izvor

Vanjske poveznice

 Profil na  Sports-Reference.com

Jordan Jovčev na stranicama Međunarodne gimnastičke federacije

Gimnastičari

Bugarski športaši
Svjetski prvaci u gimnastici

Jordan Jovčev


Prvenstvo Dalmatinske nogometne zone za 1960. je igrano između prvaka liga Splitskog, Zadarskog i Šibenskog nogometnog podsaveza za sezonu 1959./60. Prvak Dalmatinske zone potom stječe pravo nastupa u kvalifikacijama za 2. saveznu ligu – Zapad.
Prvak Dalmatinske zone je postao Dalmatinac iz Splita.

Ljestvica

U kvalifikacijama za popunu Druge lige – Zapad, Dalmatinac je nastupio u Drugoj grupi.

Rezultatska križaljka
podebljan rezltat – igrano u prvom dijelu lige (1. – 3. kolo), odnosno prva utakmica između klubova
rezultat normalne debljine – igrano u drugom dijelu lige (4. – 6. kolo), odnosno druga utakmica između klubova
 prekrižen rezultat  – poništena ili brisana utakmica

Izvori:

Povezani članci
 Prvenstvo Splitskog nogometnog podsaveza 1959./60.
 Prvenstvo Šibenskog nogometnog podsaveza 1959./60.
 Prvenstvo Zadarskog nogometnog podsaveza 1959./60.
 Kvalifikacije za Drugu saveznu nogometnu ligu 1960.
 III. A zona nogometnog prvenstva Hrvatske 1959./60.
 III. B zona nogometnog prvenstva Hrvatske 1959./60.
 Nogometna zona Karlovac – Sisak 1959./60.
 Nogometna zona Rijeka – Pula 1959./60.
 Zagrebačka nogometna zona 1959./60.

Izvori

1960 Dalmacija
Dalmatinska
1959-60

Dalmatinska nogometna zona 1960.


Le Championnat d'Europe féminin de football 2025, officiellement Euro féminin de l'UEFA 2025, sera la quatorzième édition du Championnat d'Europe féminin de football, compétition organisée par l'UEFA et rassemblant les meilleures sélections nationales féminines européennes. La précédente édition s'est déroulée seulement trois ans auparavant, en 2022 en Angleterre, en raison du report d'un an dû à la pandémie de coronavirus.

La phase finale réunira les seize meilleures nations européennes pendant l'été 2025 à des dates encore à définir. Elle se déroulera en Suisse.

Organisation de la compétition
Pour l'organisation de la compétition, quatre pays se portent officiellement candidats.

  Pologne : La Pologne se porte candidate le 3 juin 2021. Le président de l'association polonaise de football fait cette annonce, évoquant le gain en popularité du football féminin. Les villes d'accueil choisies sont Białystok, Bielsko-Biała, Gdańsk, Gdynia, Lublin, Łódź, Tychy, Varsovie et Wrocław.
  Danemark /  Finlande /  Norvège /  Suède : Plusieurs pays nordiques, le Danemark, la Finlande, la Norvège et la Suède soumettent une candidature commune, avec le soutien de l'Islande et des Îles Féroé, comme annoncé le 15 octobre 2021. Le dossier de candidature officielle est rendu publique en avril 2022. Les villes retenues pour accueillir les matchs sont Stockholm et Göteborg en Suède, Copenhague et Odense au Danemark, Oslo et Trondheim en Norvège, Helsinki et Tampere en Finlande.
  France : La France annonce officiellement sa candidature le 3 février 2022 après avoir accueilli la Coupe du monde en 2019. Les villes hôtes sont Rennes-Nantes, Lens-Valenciennes, Reims-Metz, Paris-Lyon. Le dossier de candidature comporte également deux villes hôtes réserves : Le Havre et Troyes. Cependant, après l'échec de l'organisation de la finale de la Ligue des Champions 2022 au Stade de France, la candidature de la France se retrouve en difficulté.
  Suisse : La Suisse se porte également candidate afin de "continuer à promouvoir et à faire progresser le football féminin et des filles en Suisse", selon le président de lAssociation Suisse de Football. Les villes retenues sont Bâle, Berne, Genève, Lucerne, Lausanne, Zürich, Thoune, Saint-Gall et Sion.

L'Ukraine a également fait part de son intérêt à accueillir cet événement, sans pour autant avoir déposé de dossier officiel jusqu'à présent. Au vu de son invasion par la Russie, elle abandonne le projet.

Le 4 avril 2023, l'UEFA désigne la Suisse comme pays hôte.

Villes et stades
Alors qu'elle faisait partie initialement de la candidature suisse, Lausanne n'accueille finalement pas l'Euro, privilégiant la Fête fédérale de gymnastique. Les pelouses des stades de Berne et de Thoune, habituellement en gazon synthétique, sont remplacées pour l'occasion par du gazon naturel.

Équipes qualifiées

Diffuseurs
  : TF1 (pour un prix autour de ) ;

Références

Football en 2025
Championnat d'Europe en 2025
Championnat d'Europe en Suisse
Compétition de football en Suisse
2025 en Suisse


අනුරාධපුර මධ්‍ය විද්‍යාලය උතුරු මැද පළාතේ ඇති මිශ්‍ර පාසලකි. එය ද්වියිතික අධ්‍යාපනය ලබා දෙන ජාතික පාසලක්ද වේ.

ඉතිහාසය
අනුරාධපුර මධ්‍ය විද්‍යාලය පිහිටා තිබෙන්නේ උතුරු මැද පළාතේ අගනුවර වන අනුරාධපුර නගරයේ ය. එය 1947 ජූලි මාස 21 වන දින ආර්.එල්.එන්. ද සොයිසා මහතාගේ මුල් පිරීම යටතේ වර්තමානයේ රත්මලේ තිස්ස මහා විද්‍යාලය පිහිටා තිබෙන ස්ථානයේදී පිහිටුවා ඇත. එය ආරම්භ වූයේ එකල අධ්‍යාපන ඇමති වශයෙන් කටයුතු කළ ආචාර්ය සී.ඩබ්.ඩබ්.කන්නන්ගර මහතා විසින් සැලසු නිදහස් අධ්‍යාපනය ලබා දීමටයි. මෙම විද්‍යාලය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රථමයෙන්ම ආරම්භ කළ මධ්‍ය විද්‍යාල 54 ට ඇතුලත් වේ. ආර්.එල්.එන්. ද සොයිසා මහතා මෙහි පළමු විදුහල්පතිතුමා විය. එවකට මෙහි ගුරුවරුන් 7 දෙනෙකු සහ සිසුන් 20 දෙනෙකු සිටියහ.
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පාසල්

අනුරාධපුර මධ්‍ය විද්‍යාලය


The Lowlands ( or ; , ) is a cultural and historical region of Scotland.

The region is characterised by its relatively flat or gently rolling terrain as opposed to the mountainous landscapes of the Scottish Highlands. This area includes cities like Edinburgh and Glasgow and is known for its fertile farmland, historic sites, and urban centres. It is the more populous and industrialised part of Scotland compared to the sparsely populated Highlands.

Culturally, the Lowlands and the Highlands diverged from the Late Middle Ages into the modern period, when Lowland Scots replaced Scottish Gaelic throughout most of the Lowlands.

Geography
The Lowlands is not an official geographical or administrative area of the country. There are two main topographic regions: the  Lowlands and the Southern Uplands. The term "Lowlands" mainly refers to the  Central Lowlands. However, in normal usage it refers to those parts of Scotland not in the Highlands (or Gàidhealtachd). The boundary is usually considered to be a line between Stonehaven and Helensburgh (on the Firth of Clyde). The Lowlands lie south and east of the line. Some parts of the Lowlands (such as the Southern Uplands) are not physically "low", Merrick for example reaching , while some areas indisputably in the Highlands (such as Islay) are low-lying.

For other purposes, the boundary varies; but if the Boundary Fault is used, then the traditional Scottish counties entirely in the Lowlands are Ayrshire, Berwickshire, Clackmannanshire, Dumfriesshire,  East Lothian, Fife, Kinross-shire, Kirkcudbrightshire, Lanarkshire, Midlothian, Peeblesshire, Renfrewshire, Roxburghshire, Selkirkshire, West Lothian, and Wigtownshire. Prior to 1921, the counties of East Lothian, Midlothian, and West Lothian were known as Haddingtonshire, Edinburghshire, and Linlithgowshire.

Traditional Scottish counties which straddle the Boundary fault include Angus, Dunbartonshire, Stirlingshire, Perthshire, Kincardineshire, Aberdeenshire, Banffshire, and Moray.

Geographically, Scotland is divided into three distinct areas: the Highlands, the Central plain (Central Belt, in the Central Lowlands), and the Southern Uplands. The Lowlands cover roughly the latter two. The northeast plain is also "low-land", both geographically and culturally, but in some contexts may be grouped together with the Highlands.

The term "Lowlands" is sometimes used to refer specifically to the "Central Lowlands", an area also known as the "Midland Valley". This area mainly encompasses the basins of the Rivers Forth and Clyde, and houses approximately 80 percent of Scotland's population (3.5 million in the Central Belt). Historically, the Midland Valley has been Scotland's most agriculturally productive region. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, it experienced significant industrialisation and urbanisation, driven by coal deposits. While coal mining and heavy industry have declined ever since, the Midland Valley's economic importance endures. Today, it remains a central hub of the Scottish economy, with a focus on electronics, computer manufacturing, and service sectors like telecommunications, computer software, and finance.

The southernmost counties of Scotland, nearest the Anglo-Scottish border, are also known as the Borders. They are sometimes considered separately from the rest of the Lowlands. Many ancestors of the Scotch-Irish, as they are known in the United States, or Ulster-Scots, originated from the lowlands and borders region before migrating to the Ulster Plantation in the 17th century and later the American frontier, many prior to the American Revolution.

The term Scottish Lowlands is used with reference to the Scots language in contrast to the Scottish Gaelic spoken in the Highlands (although historically also in the lowlands until the 15th century and 18th century in Galloway), to the Scottish history and to the Scottish clan system, as well as in family history and genealogy.

Notes

Historical regions in the United Kingdom
Geography of Scotland

Highland Boundary Fault

Scottish Lowlands


Kup Nogometnog saveza Ličko-senjske županije je nogometno kup-natjecanje za klubove s područja Ličko-senjske županije kojeg organizira Nogometni savez Ličko-senjske županije.
Pobjednik natjecanja stječe pravo nastupa u Hrvatskom nogometnom kupu. U natjecanju ne sudjeluju klubovi koji imaju izravan plasman u Hrvatski nogometni kup po ostvarenom koeficijentu.

Dosadašnje završnice

Povezani članci
 Hrvatski nogometni kup
 ŽNL Ličko-senjska

Vanjske poveznice
 Nogometni savez Ličko-senjske županije

Izvori


Karačaj (azerski: Qaraçay, ruski: Карачай) je rijeka u Azerbajdžanu. Duga je 93 km. Površina porječja iznosi 417 km2. Izvire na Babadagu na visini od 300 metara. Ulijeva se u Kaspijsko jezero na visini od -28 metara. Prosječni istjek kod mjesta Aljič iznosi 2,35 m3/s. Ima dvije pritoke: lijevu Azarčaj i desnu Aggadukčaj. Prolazi kroz Kusarsku ravnicu.

Galerija

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Каньонинг на реке Карачай

Rijeke u europskom dijelu Azerbajdžana
Kaspijski slijev (Europa)

Karačaj (rijeka)


TV2 Jedan od mađarskih nacionalno emitiranih komercijalnih televizijskih kuća, u vlasništvu TV2 Média grupė Zrt. Počela je emitirati 4. listopada 1997., tri dana prije početka suparničkog RTL Klub-a.

Mađarske televizijske postaje

TV2 (Mađarska)


Mihaela Ignatova é uma matemática búlgara, que ganhou o Prêmio Sadosky de 2020 da Association for Women in Mathematics por sua pesquisa em análise matemática e, em particular, em equações diferenciais parciais e dinâmica de fluidos.

Formação e carreira
Ignatova obteve um diploma de bacharel pela Universidade de Sófia e um mestrado pela Universidade de Nantes em 2004, e um segundo mestrado pela Universidade de Sofia em 2006, trabalhando sob a supervisão de Emil Horozov. Então se tornou uma estudante de pós-graduação na Universidade do Sul da Califórnia, onde completou seu Ph.D. em 2011, com a tese Quantitative unique continuation and complexity of solutions to partial differential equations, orientada por Igor Kukavica.

Depois de trabalhar como professora assistente visitante na Universidade da Califórnia em Riverside, pesquisadora de pós-doutorado na Universidade Stanford e instrutora na Universidade de Princeton, foi para a Universidade Temple como professora assistente em 2018.

Referências

Ligações externas
Página pessoal

Analistas matemáticos
Professores da Universidade Temple
Matemáticos da Bulgária
Matemáticas da Bulgária
Alunos da Universidade de Sófia
Alunos da Universidade de Nantes
Alunos da Universidade do Sul da Califórnia
Pessoas vivas

Mihaela Ignatova


Baudenkmäler nach Ortsteilen

Buchloe

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Hausen

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Honsolgen

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Koppenhof

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Lindenberg

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Sinkelmühle

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Ehemalige Baudenkmäler

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Abgegangene Baudenkmäler

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Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Buchloe

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

 In dieser [ Kartenansicht] sind Baudenkmäler ohne Koordinaten mit einem roten bzw. orangen Marker dargestellt und können in der Karte gesetzt werden. Baudenkmäler ohne Bild sind mit einem blauen bzw. roten Marker gekennzeichnet, Baudenkmäler mit Bild mit einem grünen bzw. orangen Marker.

Buchloe
!

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Buchloe


Formula 1 – sezona 1953. je bila 4. sezona u prvenstvu Formule 1. Vozilo se 9 utrka u periodu od 18. siječnja do 13. rujna 1953. godine, a prvak je postao Alberto Ascari u bolidu Ferrari. Ovo je bila prva sezona u Formuli 1 za Luigija Mussa.

Sažetak sezone

S pet pobjeda ove sezone, Alberto Ascari osvojio je svoj drugi i posljednji naslov u Formuli 1. Ascari je naslov osvojio već prije zadnje utrke u Monzi. Mike Hawthorn ostvario je svoju prvu pobjedu u Formuli 1 na VN Francuske na Reimsu. Po jednu pobjedu ove sezone ostvarili su i Nino Farina na VN Njemačke na Nürburgring, te Juan Manuel Fangio na VN Italije na Monzi. Utrka 500 milja Indianapolisa pripala je Billu Vukovichu. Momčad Ferrari, za koju su vozili Ascari, Farina i Hawthorn, dominirala je i ove sezone pobijedivši na 7 od 8 utrka na kojima je nastupala.

Svjetsko prvenstvo ove sezone kao i sezone 1952. vozilo se s bolidima Formule 2. Također ovo je prva sezona u Formuli 1 koja je opravdala naziv "Svjetsko prvenstvo", pošto se prvi put jedna utrka (neračunajući Indianapolis 500) vozila izvan Europe, u Argentini. Upravo je VN Argentine na stazi Buenos Aires bila prva utrka ove sezone. Šest argentinskih vozača nastupilo je na utrci, te je interes za utrku bio golem. Predsjednik Argentine Juan Perón omogućio je slobodan pristup utrci. Neslužbeni podaci govore da je na utrci bilo čak 400 000 gledatelja. Na mnogim djelovima staze, zaštitne ograde nije bilo, a na nekim su gledatelji prije starta preskakali ograde, našavši se na stazi. Preskakanja ograde bilo je i na utrci, te su ljutit vozači gestikulirali gledateljima da se pomaknu sa staze. U 32. krugu jedan od gledatelja zalutao je na stazu ispred bolida Nina Farine. Talijan je pokušao izbjeći gledatelja, te je izgubio kontrolu nad bolidom, izletio i usmrtio 10 ljudi pokraj staze. Ovo su bili službeni podaci, a vjeruje se da je i više gledatelja izgubilo život kasnije od ozljeda. Ovo je uz Monzu 1961., najveća nesreća koja je zadesila Formulu 1.

Vozači i konstruktori
Popis ne uključuje američke vozače koji su se natjecali na 500 milja Indianapolisa.

Kalendar

 Velika nagrada Španjolske se trebala voziti 26. listopada na stazi Pedralbes, ali je otkazana.

Sistem bodovanja
Sistem bodovanja u Formuli 1

 Samo 4 najbolja rezultata u 9 utrka su se računala za prvenstvo vozača.

Rezultati utrka

 VN Argentine

 Indianapolis 500

 VN Nizozemske

 VN Belgije

 VN Francuske

 VN Velike Britanije

 VN Njemačke

 VN Švicarske

 VN Italije

Poredak vozača

 Alberto Ascari je osvojio ukupno 46,5 bodova, ali samo 34,5 boda osvojena u četiri najbolje utrke su se računali za prvenstvo vozača.
 Juan Manuel Fangio je osvojio ukupno 29,5 bodova, ali samo 28 bodova osvojenih u četiri najbolje utrke se računao za prvenstvo vozača.
 Nino Farina je osvojio ukupno 32 boda, ali samo 26 bodova osvojenih u četiri najbolje utrke su se računali za prvenstvo vozača.
 Mike Hawthorn je osvojio ukupno 27 bodova, ali samo 19 bodova osvojenih u četiri najbolje utrke su se računali za prvenstvo vozača.
 José Froilán González je osvojio ukupno 14,5 bodova, ali samo 13,5 bodova osvojenih u četiri najbolje utrke su se računala za prvenstvo vozača.

Statistike

Vodeći vozač u prvenstvu
U rubrici bodovi, prikazana je bodovna prednost vodećeg vozača ispred drugoplasiranog, dok je žutom bojom označena utrka na kojoj je vozač osvojio naslov prvaka.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Formula 1 1953. - StatsF1
 Indianapolis 500 1953. - Racing Reference

 Službena stranica Formule 1

 1953

Formula 1 – sezona 1953.


Isabel Coixet (Isabelle Coixet), 9 Nisan 1962, Barselona, İspanya doğumlu senarist ve yönetmen. Barcelona Üniversitesi'nde XVIII. ve XIX. yüzyıl tarihi okuduktan sonra reklam sektöründe senarist olarak çalıştı. 1983 yılında, ilk senaryosu "Morbus", İspanyol yönetmen Ignasi P. Ferré tarafından filme çekildi. 2000 yılında kendi yapım şirketi "Miss Wasabi Films"i kurdu.

Coixet asıl çıkışını, 1988 yılında yazıp yönettiği ve Goya Ödülleri'nde "En İyi Yeni Yönetmen" dalında aday gösterildiği "Demasiado viejo para morir joven" filmi ile yaptı. İngilizce olarak 1996'da çektiği ilk filmi "Cosas que nunca te dije" (Things I Never Told You) ile yine Goya Ödülleri'nde, bu sefer "En İyi Orijinal Senaryo" dalında aday gösterildi. Isabel Coixet uluslararası alandaki başarısını 2003 yılında, Nanci Kincaid'in bir hikâyesinden uyarladığı "My Life Without Me" isimli filmle, çeşitli festivallerde aldığı 10'dan fazla ödülle yakaladı.

Filmografi
2019 Elisa & Marcela
2017 The Bookshop
2016 Un corazón roto no es como un jarrón roto o un florero (kısa film)2016 Spain in a Day2015 Nobody Wants the Night (Nadie quiere la noche)
2015 Talking about Rose, a documentary film about the life of Rose Lokissim
2014 Learning to Drive2013 Another Me (Mi otro yo) (working title: Panda Eyes)
2013 Yesterday Never Ends (Ayer no termina nunca)
2012 White Tide (Marea Blanca)
2011 Listening to Judge Garzón (Escuchando al Juez Garzón)
2010 Aral. The Lost Sea (Aral. El mar perdido)
2009 Map of the Sounds of Tokyo (Mapa de los sonidos de Tokio) - (Hem yönetmen hem senarist)
2008 Aşkın peşinde2007 Invisibles: A letter to Nora (Invisibles: Cartas a Nora) (Hem yönetmen hem senarist)
2006 Paris, Seni Seviyorum ("Bastille": Hem yönetmen hem senarist)2005 The Secret Life of Words (La vida secreta de las palabras) (Hem yönetmen hem senarist)
2004 Hay motivo!: La insoportable levedad del carrito de la compra2003 My Life Without Me (Mi vida sin mí) (Hem yönetmen hem senarist)
1998 A los que aman (Hem yönetmen hem senarist)1996 Things I Never Told You (Cosas que nunca te dije) (Hem yönetmen hem senarist)
1989 Demasiado viejo para morir joven1984 Mira y verás (Hem yönetmen hem senarist) Filmografi - Senarist

 1998 XII premios Goya (TV)
 1989 Demasiado viejo para morir joven
 1984 Mira y verás

 Dış bağlantılar
 isabelcoixet.com Kendi web sayfası (İspanyolca) Isabel Coixet  IMDb  (İngilizce)''

İspanyol yönetmenler
1962 doğumlular
Yaşayan insanlar
Goya Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi Özgün Senaryo Goya Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi Yönetmen Goya Ödülü sahipleri
Barselona Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören Barselonalılar

Isabel Coixet


The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) is the New York City agency charged with administering the city's Landmarks Preservation Law. The LPC is responsible for protecting New York City's architecturally, historically, and culturally significant buildings and sites by granting them landmark or historic district status, and regulating them after designation. It is the largest municipal preservation agency in the nation. , the LPC has designated more than 37,800 landmark properties in all five boroughs. Most of these are concentrated in historic districts, although there are over a thousand individual landmarks, as well as numerous interior and scenic landmarks.

Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. first organized a preservation committee in 1961, and the following year, created the LPC. The LPC's power was greatly strengthened after the Landmarks Law was passed in April 1965, one and a half years after the destruction of Pennsylvania Station. The LPC has been involved in several prominent preservation decisions, including that of Grand Central Terminal. By 1990, the LPC was cited by David Dinkins as having preserved New York City's municipal identity and enhanced the market perception of a number of neighborhoods.

The LPC is governed by eleven commissioners. The Landmarks Preservation Law stipulates that a building must be at least thirty years old before the LPC can declare it a landmark.

Role

The goal of New York City's landmarks law is to preserve the aesthetically and historically important buildings, structures, and objects that make up the New York City vista. The Landmarks Preservation Commission is responsible for deciding which properties should be subject to landmark status and enacting regulations to protect the aesthetic and historic nature of these properties. The LPC preserves not only architecturally significant buildings, but the overall historical sense of place of neighborhoods that are designated as historic districts. The LPC is responsible for overseeing a range of designated landmarks in all five boroughs ranging from the Fonthill Castle in the North Bronx, built in 1852 for the actor Edwin Forrest, to the 1670s Conference House in Staten Island, where Benjamin Franklin and John Adams attended a conference aimed at ending the Revolutionary War.

The LPC helps preserve the city's landmark properties by regulating changes to their significant features. The role of the LPC has evolved over time, especially with the changing real estate market in New York City.

Potential landmarks are first nominated to the LPC from citizens, property owners, city government staff, or commissioners or other staff of the LPC. Subsequently, the LPC conducts a survey of properties, visiting sites to determine which structures or properties should be researched further. The selected properties will then be discussed at public hearings where support or opposition to a proposed landmark designation are recorded. According to the Landmarks Preservation Law, a building must be at least thirty years old before the LPC can declare it a landmark. Approval of a landmark designation requires six commissioners to vote in favor. Approved designations are then sent to the New York City Council, which receives reports from other city agencies including the New York City Planning Commission, and decides whether to confirm, modify, or veto the designation. Before 1990, the New York City Board of Estimate held veto power, rather than the City Council. After the City Council's final approval, a landmark designation may be overturned if an appeal is filed within 90 days.

Staff and departments

Commissioners
The Landmarks Preservation Commission consists of 11 commissioners, who are unpaid and serve three-year terms on a part-time basis. By law, the commissioners must include a minimum of six professionals: three architects, a historian, a city planner or landscape architect, and a realtor. In addition, the commissioners must include at least one resident from each of New York City's five boroughs (who may also be a professional). All of the commissioners are unpaid, except for the chairman. The commission also employs a full-time, paid workforce of 80, composed of administrators, legal advisors, architects, historians, restoration experts, and researchers. Students sponsored by the federal government, as well as volunteers, also assist the commission.

Departments
The full-time staff, students, and volunteers are divided into six departments. The research department performs research of structures and sites that have been deemed potential landmarks. The preservation department reviews and approves permit applications to structures and sites that have been deemed landmarks. The enforcement department reviews reports of alleged violations of the Landmarks Law, which includes alterations to a landmark. In 2016, the preservation commission consolidated its archaeological collection of artifacts and launched a reconstructed archaeology department, known as the NYC Archaeological Repository: The Nan A. Rothschild Research Center. Archaeologists work for the center reviewing the impact of proposed subsurface projects, as well as overseeing any archaeological discoveries. The environmental review department uses data from the research and archaeology departments to collect reports for governmental agencies that require environmental review for their projects. Finally, the Historic Preservation Grant Program distributes grants to owners of landmark properties designated by the LPC or on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

Types
, there are more than 37,800 landmark properties in New York City, most of which are located in 150 historic districts in all five boroughs. The total number of protected sites includes 1,435 individual landmarks, 121 interior landmarks, and 11 scenic landmarks. Some of these are also National Historic Landmark (NHL) sites, and many are on the NRHP. , the vast majority of interior landmarks are also exterior landmarks or are part of a historic district.
 Individual landmark: The exteriors of objects or structures; the interior is not included unless designated separately. Individual landmarks must be at least 30 years old and contain "a special character or special historical or aesthetic interest or value as part of the development, heritage, or cultural characteristics of the City, state, or nation".
 Interior landmark: The interiors of structures, which fit the individual landmark criteria and are "customarily open or accessible to the public".
 Scenic landmark: Sites owned by the city, which fit the individual landmark criteria and are "parks or other landscape features".
 Historic districts: Regions with buildings that fit the individual landmark criteria and contain "architectural and historical significance". Landmark districts must also be geographically cohesive with a "coherent streetscape" and a "sense of place".

History

Context

The preservation movement in New York City dates to at least 1831, when the New York Evening Post expressed its opposition to the demolition of a 17th-century house on Pearl Street in Lower Manhattan. Before the LPC's creation, buildings and structures were preserved mainly through advocacy, either from individuals or from groups. Numerous residences were saved this way, including the Andrew Carnegie Mansion, Percy R. Pyne House, and Oliver D. Filley House, all of which ultimately became individual landmarks after the LPC's formation. Other structures such as the Van Cortlandt House, Morris–Jumel Mansion, Edgar Allan Poe Cottage, and Dyckman House were preserved as historic house museums during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Advocates also led efforts to preserve cultural sites such as Carnegie Hall, which in the late 1950s was slated for replacement with an office tower. However, early preservation movements often focused on preserving Colonial-style houses, while paying relatively little attention to other architectural styles or building types.

There was generally little support for the preservation movement until World War II. Structures such as the City Hall Post Office and Courthouse, Madison Square Presbyterian Church (1906), and Madison Square Garden (1890) were demolished if they had fallen out of architectural favor. Others, such as St. John's Chapel, were destroyed in spite of support for preservation. By the 1950s, there was growing support for preservation of architecturally significant structures. For example, a 1954 study found approximately two hundred structures that could potentially be preserved. At the same time, older structures, especially those constructed before World War I, were being perceived as an impediment to development. The demolition of Pennsylvania Station between 1963 and 1966, in spite of widespread outcry, is cited as a catalyst for the architectural preservation movement in the United States, particularly in New York City.

Creation
The Mayor's Committee for the Preservation of Structures of Historic and Esthetic Importance was formed in mid-1961 by mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. This committee had dissolved by early 1962. Wagner formed the Landmarks Preservation Commission on April 21, 1962, with twelve unsalaried members. Soon afterward, the LPC began designating buildings as landmarks. That July, Wagner issued an executive order that compelled municipal agencies to notify the LPC of any "proposed public improvements".

The early version of the LPC initially held little power over enforcement, and failed to avert Pennsylvania Station's demolition. As a result, in April 1964, LPC member Geoffrey Platt drafted a New York City Landmarks Law. Outcry over the proposed destruction of the Brokaw Mansion on Manhattan's Upper East Side, identified by the LPC as a possible landmark, inspired Wagner to send the legislation to the New York City Council in mid-1964. The law, introduced in the City Council that October, would significantly increase the LPC's powers. The City Council cited concerns that "the City has been and is undergoing the loss and destruction of its architectural heritage at an alarming rate, especially so in the last 8-10 years". Several changes to the Landmarks Law were made by the City Council committee that was reviewing the legislation; for example, the committee removed a clause mandating a  protective zone around proposed landmarks. The bill passed the City Council on April 7, 1965, and was signed into law by Wagner on April 20.
The first eleven commissioners to take office under the Landmarks Law were sworn in during June 1965. Platt was the first chairman, serving until 1968. The LPC's first public hearing occurred in September 1965, and the first twenty landmarks were designated the next month. The Wyckoff House in Brooklyn was the first landmark numerically, and was designated simultaneously with structures such as the Astor Library, the Brooklyn Navy Yard's Commandant's House, the Bowling Green U.S. Custom House, and six buildings at Sailors' Snug Harbor. The first landmark district, the Brooklyn Heights Historic District, was designated in November 1965. Within its first year, the LPC designated 37 landmarks in addition to the Brooklyn Heights Historic District. The LPC's earliest landmarks were mainly selected based on their architecture, and were largely either government buildings, institutions, or structures whose preservation was unlikely to be controversial. As a result, several prominent buildings were destroyed in the first several years of the LPC's existence, such as the Singer Building and the New York Tribune Building. Other structures, such as the Villard Houses and Squadron A Armory, were saved only partially.

Changes
The LPC was headquartered in the Mutual Reserve Building from 1967 to 1980, and in the Old New York Evening Post Building from 1980 to 1987. The original legislation enabled the LPC to designate landmarks for eighteen months after the law became effective, followed by alternating cycles of three-year hiatuses and six-month "designating periods". In 1973, mayor John Lindsay signed legislation that allowed the LPC to consider landmarks on a rolling basis. The bill also introduced new scenic and interior landmark designations. The first scenic landmark was Bryant Park, while the first interior landmark was part of the neighboring New York Public Library Main Branch; both were designated in November 1974.

In its first twenty-five years, the LPC designated 856 individual landmarks, 79 interior landmarks, and 9 scenic landmarks, while declaring 52 neighborhoods with more than 15,000 buildings as historic districts. In 1989, when the LPC and its process was under review following a panel created by mayor Edward Koch in 1985, a decision was made to change the process by which buildings are declared to be landmarks due to some perceived issues with the manner by which the LPC operates as well as the realization that the destruction feared when the LPC was formed was no longer imminent. By 1990, the LPC was cited by David Dinkins as having preserved New York City's municipal identity and enhanced the market perception of a number of neighborhoods. This success is believed to be due, in part, to the general acceptance of the LPC by the city's developers. By 2016, the LPC had designated 1,355 individual landmarks, 117 interior landmarks, 138 historic districts, and 10 scenic landmarks.

Prominent landmarking decisions

One of the most prominent decisions in which the LPC was involved was the preservation of the Grand Central Terminal with the assistance of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. In 1978, the United States Supreme Court upheld the law in Penn Central Transportation Co., et al. v. New York City, et al., stopping the Penn Central Railroad from altering the structure and placing a large office tower above it. This success is often cited as significant due to the LPC's origins following the destruction of Pennsylvania Station, referred to by some as architectural vandalism.

In 1989, the LPC designated the Ladies' Mile Historic District. The next year marked the first time in the LPC's history that a proposed landmark, the Guggenheim Museum (one of the youngest declared landmarks), received a unanimous vote by the LPC members. The vast majority of the LPC's actions are not unanimously supported by the LPC members or the community; a number of cases including St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church, Bryant Park, and Broadway theatres have been challenged. One of the most controversial properties was 2 Columbus Circle, which remained at the center of a discussion over its future for a number of years.

Cultural landmarks, such as Greenwich Village's Stonewall Inn, are recognized as well not for their architecture, but rather for their location in a designated historic district.

In a heatedly discussed decision on August 3, 2010, the LPC unanimously declined to grant landmark status to a building on Park Place in Manhattan, and thus did not block the construction of Cordoba House.

Theater District landmarks

A major dispute arose over the preservation of theaters in the Theater District during the 1980s. The LPC considered protecting close to 50 legitimate theaters as individual city landmarks in 1982, following the destruction of the Helen Hayes and Morosco theaters. An advisory panel under mayor Koch voted to allow the LPC consider theaters not only on their historical significance but also on their architectural merits. In response to objections from some of the major theatrical operators, several dozen scenic and lighting designers offered to work on the LPC for creating guidelines for potential landmarks. Theaters were landmarked in alphabetical order; the first theaters to be designated under the 1982 plan were the Neil Simon, Ambassador, and Virginia (now August Wilson) in August 1985. The landmark plan was then deferred temporarily until some landmark guidelines were enacted; the guidelines, implemented in December 1985, allowed operators to modify theaters for productions without having to consult the LPC.

Landmark designations of theaters increased significantly in 1987, starting with the Palace in mid-1987. Ultimately, 28 additional theaters were designated as landmarks, of which 27 were Broadway theaters. The New York City Board of Estimate ratified these designations in March 1988. Of these, both the interior and exterior of 19 theaters were protected, while only the interiors of seven theaters (including the Lyceum, whose exterior was already protected) and the exteriors of two theaters were approved. Several theater owners argued that the landmark designations impacted them negatively, despite Koch's outreach to theater owners. The Shubert Organization, the Nederlander Organization, and Jujamcyn Theaters collectively sued the LPC in June 1988 to overturn the landmark designations of 22 theaters on the merit that the designations severely limited the extent to which the theaters could be modified. The New York Supreme Court upheld the LPC's designations of these theaters the next year. The three theatrical operators challenged the ruling with the U.S. Supreme Court, which refused to hear the lawsuit in 1992, thus upholding the designations.

South Street Seaport and "New Market Building"

An LPC-designated historic district for the South Street Seaport has been active since 1977 and was extended on July 11, 1989. After the Fulton Fish Market relocated to the Bronx in 2005, community members, with leadership from organizer Robert Lavalva, developed the "New Amsterdam Market", a regular gathering with vendors selling regional and "sustainable" foodstuffs outside the old Fish Market buildings. The group's chartered organization planned eventually to attempt to reconstitute the "New Market Building", a 1939 structure with an Art Deco façade and that was owned by the city, into a permanent food market. However, a real estate company, the Howard Hughes Corporation, possessed a lease for large parts of the Seaport area and desired to redevelop it, generating fears among locals that the New Market Building would be altered or destroyed. The corporation has offered to provide a more modest food market (at ) into their development plans, but market organizers have not been satisfied as they believe this proposal is not guaranteed or large enough, and would still not ensure the protection of the historic building.

A group of community activists formed the "Save Our Seaport Coalition" to advocate that the New Market Building be incorporated into the historic district set by the Landmarks Preservation Commission, in addition to calling for the protection of public space in the neighborhood and for support for the seaport's museum. This group included the Historic Districts Council, the "Save Our Seaport" community group, the New Amsterdam Market, and the Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance. The "Save Our Seaport" group specifically argued that New Market Building was culturally important for its maintenance of the historic fish market for 66 years, and that it offers a "fine example of WPA Moderne municipal architecture (an increasingly rare form throughout the nation)." They had encouraged others to write letters to the LPC to support formal designation or district protection. However, in 2013, the LPC declined to hold a hearing to consider this landmark designation or to expand the district. Community Board 1 supports protecting and repurposing the New Market Building, and the Municipal Art Society argued in a report that "[it] has both architectural and cultural significance as the last functioning site of the important commercial and shipping hub at South Street Seaport."

Little Syria and Washington Street

After the September 11 attacks in 2001, New York City tour guide Joseph Svehlak and other local historians became concerned that government-encouraged development in Downtown Manhattan would lead to the disappearance of the last physical heritage of the once "low-rise" Lower West Side of Manhattan. Also known as "Little Syria" in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the area between Battery Park and the World Trade Center site, east of West Street and west of Broadway, had been a residential area for the shipping elite of New York in the early 19th century, and turned into a substantial neighborhood of ethnic immigration in the mid-19th century. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, centered on Washington Street, the area became well known as Little Syria, hosting immigrants from today's Lebanon, Syria, and Palestine, as well those of many other ethnic groups including Greeks, Armenians, Irish, Slovaks, and Czechs. Due to eminent domain actions associated with the construction of the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel and the World Trade Center, in addition to significant highrise construction in the 1920s and 30s, only a small number of low-rise historic buildings from the earlier eras remain.

In 2003, Svehlak wrote a manifesto arguing for the landmark designation of "a trilogy" of three contiguous buildings on Washington Street, the thoroughfare that was most closely associated with "Little Syria." These consisted of the Downtown Community House – which hosted the Bowling Green Association to serve the neighborhood's immigrants – 109 Washington Street (an 1885 tenement), and the terra-cotta St. George's Syrian Catholic Church. After years of advocacy, in January 2009, the LPC held a hearing about the landmark designation of the Melkite church, which did succeed. However, under Chairman Robert Tierney, the LPC had declined to hold hearings on the Downtown Community House or 109 Washington Street.

Community and preservation groups — including the "Friends of the Lower West Side" and the "Save Washington Street" group led by St. Francis College student Carl "Antoun" Houck — have continued, especially, to advocate for a hearing on the Downtown Community House, arguing that its history demonstrates the multi-ethnic heritage of the neighborhood, and that its Colonial Revival architecture intentionally links the immigrants to the foundations of the country, and that preserving the three buildings together would tell a coherent story of an overlooked, but important ethnic neighborhood. In addition to national Arab-American organizations, Manhattan Community Board 1 and City Councilperson Margaret Chin have also advocated for the LPC to hold a hearing on the Downtown Community House. According to the Wall Street Journal, however, the LPC argues that "the buildings lack the necessary architectural and historical significance and that better examples of the settlement house movement and tenements exist in other parts of the city." The activists have said they hope that the LPC under the new mayor will be more receptive to preservation in the neighborhood.

Former landmarks
Very rarely, a landmark status granted by the LPC has been revoked. Some have been revoked by vote of the New York City Council or before 1990, the New York City Board of Estimate. Others have been demolished, either through neglect or for development, and revoked by the LPC.

See also
 List of New York City Landmarks
 New York State Register of Historic Places
 New York City Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings (OATH), for hearings conducted on summonses for quality of life violations issued by the LPC

References
Explanatory notes

Citations

Bibliography

External links

 Landmarks Preservation Commission in the Rules of the City of New York
New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission flickr Group

New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
Landmarks Preservation Commission
New York
1965 establishments in New York City


"Peter Peter Pumpkin Eater" is an English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 13497.

Lyrics
Common modern versions include:
Peter, Peter pumpkin eater,
Had a wife but couldn't keep her;
He put her in a pumpkin shell
And there he kept her very well.

Peter, Peter pumpkin eater,
Had another and didn't love her;
Peter learned to read and spell,
And then he loved her very well.

Origins
The first surviving version of the rhyme was published in Infant Institutes, part the first: or a Nurserical Essay on the Poetry, Lyric and Allegorical, of the Earliest Ages, &c., in London around 1797.
It also appears in Mother Goose's Quarto: or Melodies Complete, printed in Boston, Massachusetts around 1825.
A verse collected from Aberdeen, Scotland and published in 1868 had the words:

Peter, my neeper,
Had a wife,
And he couldna' keep her,
He pat her i' the wa',
And lat a' the mice eat her.

This verse is also considered to be an older version of the rhyme Eeper Weeper.

Notes

American nursery rhymes
English nursery rhymes
English folk songs
American folk songs
English children's songs
Traditional children's songs
Songs about fictional male characters
Songs about plants

Peter, Peter, Pumpkin Eater


FIS Svjetsko prvenstvo u skijaškim letovima je natjecanje u skijaškim letovima koji organizira Međunarodna skijaška federacija i održava se svake dvije godine. Događaj se održava na skakaonicama mnogo većim od običnih skijaških skakaonica, s K-točkom postavljenom između 185 m i 200 m. Za razliku od običnih skijaških skokova, svjetski prvak u skijaškim letovima određuje se nakon četiri skoka. 40 skakača se kvalificira za natjecanje i skače prvu seriju, 10 ispada, a 30 preostalih skakača natječe se u preostale tri serije. To se održava u dva dana. Skakač s najvećim brojem bodova nakon četiri skoka proglašava se svjetskim prvakom. Godine 2004. FIS je uveo ekipno natjecanje reprezentacija od četiri skakača, sa po dva skoka. U svijetu postoje samo pet letaonica na kojima se ovo natjecanje može organizirati.

Prvenstva

Pojedinačni pobjednici

Ekipni pobjednici

Natjecanja u skijaškim skokovima

Svjetsko prvenstvo u skijaškim letovima


El marquesado de Álava es un título nobiliario español creado el 2 de septiembre de 1875 por el rey Alfonso XII a favor de Julián de Zulueta y Amondo, Senador del Reino y Caballero Gran Cruz de la Orden de Carlos III, con el vizcondado previo de Casa Blanca.

Denominación

Su denominación hace referencia a la provincia de Álava, en recuerdo de ser el lugar de nacimiento del I marqués, que nació en la localidad de Anúcita, en el concejo de Anúcita.

Marqueses de Álava

Historia de los Marqueses de Álava
Julián de Zulueta y Amondo (Anúcita, Álava 9 de enero de 1814 - La Habana, Cuba 4 de mayo de 1878), I marqués de Álava, I vizconde de Casablanca, negrero y azucarero socio de Isabel II, coronel de Voluntarios de La Habana, regidor, alcalde y senador del Reino por La Habana, Cuba, y por Álava.
Casó en primeras nupcias con Francisca de los Dolores Samá y de la Mota, casó en segundas nupcias con su sobrina materna Juliana Ruiz de Gámiz y Zulueta y casó en terceras nupcias con su sobrina materna María Ruiz de Gámiz y Zulueta, hermana de la anterior. Le sucedió, de su primer matrimonio, su hijo:

Salvador de Zulueta y Samá (La habana, Cuba 4 de julio de 1851 - 21 de febrero de 1913), II marqués de Álava, II vizconde de Casablanca.
Casó con María de las Angustias de Martos y de Aizcún, I baronesa de Spínola. Le sucedió su hijo:

Narciso de Zulueta y Martos (Madrid, España 6 de marzo de 1888 - 11 de febrero de 1973), III marqués de Álava, III vizconde de Casablanca.
Casó con María de la Concepción Narváez y Ulloa, sin descendientes. Le sucedió, de su hermana María de las Angustias de Zulueta y Martos, II baronesa de Spínola, que casó con José Fernández de Lascoiti y Jiménez (1880-), II barón de la Andaya, I conde pontificio de Lascoiti, el hijo de ambos, por tanto su sobrino materno:

José Fernández de Lascoiti y de Zulueta (Madrid, España 24 de julio de 1902 - Burgos 14 de junio de 1983), IV marqués de Álava, IV vizconde de Casablanca, III barón de Spínola, III barón de la Andaya, II conde pontificio de Lascoiti.
Casó con Ana Gonzalo y Fanlo, sin descendientes. Le sucedió, de su hermano Luis Fernández de Lascoiti y Zulueta (1909-1962), que casó con María del Carmen Franco y Rojas, la hija de ambos, por tanto su sobrina paterna:

Fabiola Fernández de Lascoiti y Franco (Madrid, España 22 de mayo de 1935), V marquesa de Álava, V vizcondesa de Casablanca, IV baronesa de Spínola, IV baronesa de la Andaya.
Casó con Tomás de la Vega y Gómez-Acebo (1928-2001).
 Son sus hijos:
- Tomás de la Vega Fernández de Lascoiti (Madrid, España 27 de julio de 1960), VI Vizconde de Casablanca (2002)
- Fabiola de la Vega Fernández de Lascoiti (Madrid, España 5 de junio de 1962)
- Natalia de la Vega Fernández de Lascoiti (Madrid, España 11 de noviembre de 1963)
- Luis de la Vega Fernández de Lascoiti (Madrid, España 1966)
- Sandra de la Vega Fernández de Lascoiti (Madrid, España 15 de abril de 1970)
- Carlota de la Vega Fernández de Lascoiti (Londres, Inglaterra 5 de mayo de 1974)

Referencias

Álava
Álava
Álava
Álava
España en 1875

Marquesado de Álava


Viborg er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1938.

Handling
Udsigt over byen - Viborg Domkirke - Interiør fra kirken med Joakim Skovgaards billeder - Det gamle og det nye Viborg - Torvedag - Hedeselskabets bygning - Viborg som trafikcentrum - Viborg sø - Mønsted kalkbrud - Den gamle hærvej - Historiske minder og herregårde i byens omegn - Vium Kirke og præstegård - Heden og dens folk - Dollerup Bakker og Hald Sø.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentariske optagelser
Danske film fra 1938

Viborg (dokumentarfilm)


Patriarhia de Tărnovo (în ) a fost o structură administrativă autocefală a Bisericii Ortodoxe Bulgare în timpul Țaratului Vlaho-Bulgar. A ființat în perioada 1235-1393.

Istoric
După ce frații bulgari Ioan Asan I și Petru al IV-lea au restabilit Țaratul Bulgar în 1185, după 170 de ani de stăpânire bizantină, ei au luat măsuri pentru a restabili Biserica Ortodoxă Bulgară autocefală. Din moment ce recunoașterea Bisericii Ortodoxe Bulgare ca biserică independentă de către patriarhul de Constantinopol era imposibilă la acel moment, bulgarii au încheiat temporar o uniune cu Biserica Romano-Catolică până în anul 1235, când, în urma Sinodului de la Lampsak, Biserica Ortodoxă Bulgară a fost recunoscută ca o patriarhie independentă cu sediul în capitala Tărnovo. Primul patriarh de Tărnovo a fost Ioachim I al Bulgariei. Ultimul patriarh cu reședința la Tărnovo a fost Eftimie de Tărnovo, care a fost exilat de otomani după ce au ocupat capitala bulgară în 1393.

Patriarhii bulgari de Tărnovo

Note

Vezi și
 Biserica Ortodoxă Bulgară
 Eparhia de Veliko Tărnovo

Biserica Ortodoxă Bulgară
Fondări în 1235
Desființări în 1393

Patriarhia de Tărnovo


Huey Percy Newton (n. Monroe, Luisiana; 17 de febrero de 1942 – m. Oakland, California; 22 de agosto de 1989) fue un político y revolucionario estadounidense, cofundador y líder inspirador de los Panteras Negras. En 1989 le mataron a tiros en Oakland, California.

Newton nació en Monroe, Luisiana, siendo el más joven de los siete hijos que tuvieron Armelia Johnson y Walter Newton, aparcero y predicador bautista. En 1945, la familia se estableció en Oakland, California. Cuando era adolescente, fue arrestado varias veces por delitos menores, como posesión de armas, vandalismo y pequeños robos.

Mientras estudiaba en el Merritt College de Oakland, Newton se involucró en política,  uniéndose a la Asociación AfroAmericana y se convirtió en un destacado miembro de la fraternidad Phi Beta Sigma, capítulo Tau Beta. También comenzó a formarse ideológicamente, leyendo obras de Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Patrice Lumumba, Frantz Fanon, Malcolm X, Mao Zedong, Che Guevara, Fidel Castro y Kwame Nkrumah. Fue durante este período en el Merritt College cuando Newton y Bobby Seale organizaron el Partido Pantera Negra para la Autodefensa en octubre de 1966.

El Partido Pantera Negra era una organización afroestadounidense de izquierda que se presentó ante la población de color como un movimiento para combatir la discriminación de los negros y que legitimaba la violencia y la "autodefensa armada". Su conocimiento del Código Penal de California les permitió desarrollar las teorías de la autodefensa, incentivando a que los miembros de la comunidad negra se armasen y formasen patrullas, de acuerdo con sus derechos legales, para combatir la brutalidad y las agresiones de la policía. Se cree que parte de esta doctrina tenía como trasfondo la idea de preparar a la población para una futura revolución maoísta. El partido logró impacto y renombre nacional e internacional a través de su profunda implicación en el movimiento del Poder Negro y en la política de las décadas de 1960 y 1970. Newton y los Panteras también iniciaron una serie de programas sociales en Oakland, incluyendo la fundación de la Oakland Community School, que proporcionó educación de alto nivel a 150 niños de los barrios urbanos pobres. Otros programas de los Panteras incluían el Free Breakfast for Children Program (Programa de desayuno gratuito para niños) y otros que ofrecían bailes para adolescentes y entrenamiento en artes marciales. De acuerdo con el Superintendente del condado de Oakland, John George: "Huey podría tomar una pandilla de tipos y darles una conciencia social".  Newton fue acusado más tarde de malversar 600.000 dólares de los fondos estatales asignados a la Oakland Community School, pero los cargos se redujeron solo al cobro indebido de un cheque de U$S 15.000 para uso personal, y Newton fue condenado a seis meses de cárcel y 18 meses de libertad condicional.

Uno de los programas más influyentes y ampliamente conocidos de las Panteras fue la organización de las mencionadas patrullas de ciudadanos armados para evaluar el comportamiento de los agentes de policía y evitar la brutalidad policial. Esto provocó inevitables roces con la policía de Oakland y el 28 de octubre 1967, en un confuso episodio, el oficial de dicha fuerza John Frey resultó muerto, mientras que su compañero Herbert Heanes quedó gravemente herido, lo mismo que Huey Newton. Este fue procesado por la muerte de Frey y condenado en septiembre de 1968. En mayo de 1970, la Corte de Apelaciones de California anuló la condena y ordenó un nuevo juicio. Después de dos nuevas anulaciones de juicios posteriores, la Corte Suprema de California archivó el caso.

En esta época de Newton, escribió varias colecciones de ensayos, poemas y canciones, algunos de ellos publicados por el Partido de las Panteras Negras. Además, los años en que estuvo en la cárcel coincidieron con algunos de los mayores hostigamientos del FBI contra las Panteras Negras, especialmente a través de la infiltración y el fomento de las insidias internas que llevaron a Huey P. Newton y Bobby Seale a desconfiar uno del otro.

En agosto de 1974, Newton fue nuevamente arrestado, acusado ahora de asesinar a Kathleen Smith, una prostituta de 17 años de edad, siendo luego liberado por falta de pruebas. Newton también fue acusado de agredir a su sastre, Preston Callins. Tras pagar una fianza y salir en libertad, fue nuevamente detenido por el asesinato de Smith, pero fue capaz de pagar una fianza de U$S 80,000 y puesto en libertad una vez más. Posteriormente, Newton huyó a Cuba junto con su novia Gwen Fountaine para evitar ser procesado por los anteriores cargos, viviendo allí hasta 1977. Durante este tiempo va a engrosar la lista de los fugitivos más buscados por el FBI. Elaine Brown asumió como presidente del Partido de las Panteras Negras en su ausencia. Newton regresó a los Estados Unidos Estados en 1977 para ser juzgado por el asesinato de Smith y el asalto a Callins, alegando que el clima social ahora había cambiado y que existía la oportunidad de tener un juicio justo por unas acusaciones que, según él, habían estado influidas por implicaciones políticas.

Durante el juicio por agresión a Preston Callins, este cambió su testimonio varias veces y, finalmente, le dijo al jurado que no sabía quién lo había atacado. Newton fue absuelto del asalto en septiembre de 1978, pero declarado culpable de dos cargos de posesión de arma de fuego.

Después de quedar dos juicios y dos jurados en un punto muerto, la fiscalía decidió no volver a acusar a Newton por el asesinato de Smith.

En 1985 es acusado de malversación de fondos públicos en relación con los programas sociales de las Panteras Negras. Es condenado en 1989, en medio de rumores de que utilizó el dinero para mantener su propia adicción al alcohol y las drogas. En ese momento, la organización ya vivía una época de total decadencia.

El 22 de agosto de 1989, Huey P. Newton murió tras ser baleado por Tyrone Robinson, un traficante de drogas de Oakland. Robinson fue condenado por el asesinato, en agosto de 1991, a 32 años de prisión. Los medios de comunicación plantearon la hipótesis de que Newton podría estar involucrado en el tráfico de drogas, y que esto estaba en el fondo de su asesinato.

Se convirtió en un icono de la cultura negra estadounidense y de los raperos más combativos, como Tupac Shakur y Dead Prez, que compusieron en su honor varias canciones y ven su muerte como el resultado de una conspiración por las autoridades en contra de su activismo, el músico George Clinton posó en una foto en un sillón similar al de Newton, para el álbum de Funkadelic; "Uncle Jam Wants You".

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Black Panthers Sitio web de las Panteras Negras mantenido por la Fundación Dr. Huey P. Newton
 Biografía publicada en el diario "El País" luego de su asesinato

Fallecidos en Oakland (California)
Asesinatos en Estados Unidos en 1989
Comunistas de Estados Unidos
Marxistas de Estados Unidos
Miembros del Partido Pantera Negra
Políticos de Estados Unidos
Revolucionarios de Estados Unidos

Huey Newton