Emmanuel Macron (født 21. december 1977 i Amiens) er en fransk politiker og præsident i Frankrig siden den 14. maj 2017. Han har tidligere i sin karriere været embedsmand og arbejdet i en investeringsbank. Han studerede filosofi ved Université Paris-Nanterre og gik på Science Po (Statskundskab) i Paris, inden han søgte optagelse på den franske eliteskole École nationale d'administration (ENA), hvorfra han dimitterede i 2004. Han var derefter ansat som embedsmand (generalinspektør – inspecteur général) i det franske finanstilsyn Inspection générale des finances (IGF). Siden skiftede han til det private erhvervsliv, hvor han i perioden 2008-2012 var ansat i investeringsbanken Rothschild & Cie Banque.

Macron tiltrådte i 2012 en stilling som økonomisk rådgiver for François Hollande i dennes første regering. I 2014 blev han udnævnt til Minister for økonomi, industri og digitale forhold i premierminster Manuel Valls' anden regering. Her lykkedes det ham at gennemføre en række virksomhedsvenlige reformer. Han trådte tilbage fra posten i august 2016 for at indlede sin valgkampagne frem mod præsidentvalget i 2017. I november 2016 erklærede Macron, at han ville opstille som kandidat for den politiske bevægelse En Marche! (Fremad), som han havde grundlagt i april samme år. Macron fik i valgets første runde den 23. april 2017 24 % af stemmerne og dermed flest blandt de opstillede kandidater. Dermed gik han videre til anden valgrunde, hvor han mødte Marine Le Pen fra Front National (FN). Valget blev afholdt den 7. maj, her fik Macron 66 % af de gyldige stemmer. Han overtog officielt præsidentposten efter François Hollande den 14. maj 2017.

Tidlige liv og uddannelse
Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron blev født i Amiens, som søn af Jean-Michel Macron, professor i neuromedicin ved Université de Picardie Jules Verne og læge Françoise Macron-Noguès.

Han blev hovedsageligt uddannet ved Jésuites de la Providence lycée i Amiens, før hans forældre sendte ham til elite-skolen Lycée Henri-IV i Paris. Efter at have fået sin studentereksamen her, læste Macron fra 1999 til 2001 filosofi ved University of Paris-Ouest Nanterre La Défense, hvor han fik sin DEA-grad. Omkring 1999 arbejdede Macron som assistent for Paul Ricoeur, den franske hermeneutiske filosof, som Macron assisterede i arbejdet med hans sidste vigtige bog La Mémoire, l'Histoire, l'Oubli (Hukommelsen, historien, glemslen). Efter at have taget en kandidatgrad i offentlig administration ved Sciences Po, uddannede han sig til en embedsmandskarriere ved École nationale d'administration (ENA), hvor han blev færdiguddannet i 2004.

Professionel karriere
Macron arbejdede som finansinspektør ved det franske økonomiministerium mellem 2004 og 2008. I 2007 arbejde han som referent for en kommission ledet af Jacques Attali, som skulle forbedre den franske vækst. Macron betalte €50.000 for at købe sig selv ud af sin regeringskontrakt i 2008 og forlod sit rollen som embedsmand for at arbejde i investeringsbanken Rothschild & Cie Banque, hvor han opbyggede en "lille formue".

Politisk karriere

Macron var medlem af Parti Socialiste (PS) fra 2006 til 2009. I 2015 offentliggjorde han, at han ikke længere var medlem af socialistpartiet og nu var uafhængig. Fra 2012 til 2014 var han undergeneralsekræter i Élyséepalæet, hvor han indtog en ledende rolle i Præsident Hollandes stab. Han blev udpeget som Minister for økonomi, industri og digitale forhold i Manuel Valls' anden regering den 26. august 2014, hvor han efterfulgte Arnaud Montebourg.

Som økonomiminister stod Macron i spidsen for at gennemføre en række virksomhedsvenlige reformer. I februar 2015 lovede han, at regeringen ville tvinge reformerne igennem trods modstand i parlamentet.

Valgkampagne til præsidentvalget 2017
Den 16. november 2016 meldte Macron officielt sit kandidatur ud og gjorde klart, at hans ambition hverken var at "samle højre eller samle venstre, men at samle franskmændene." Bevægelsen, som Macron skabte, fik navnet En Marche! (som også er Macrons initialer), og er progressivistisk og midtersøgende i sin natur. Han bekendtgjorde, at han ønskede at sætte gang i en "demokratisk revolution" og sigtede mon at "af-blokere Frankrig".

I begyndelsen fik Macron kritik for, at hans kampagne ikke byggede på noget program og savnede agenda. Den 2. marts offentliggjorde han han endelig sit formelle program i form af et 150-sider langt dokument, som blev lagt ud på internettet og præsenteret under et pressemøde samme dag.

Macron fik bred opbakning fra flere sider, blandt andre centristen François Bayrou fra Mouvement démocrate (MoDem), europaparlamentarikeren Daniel Cohn-Bendit, miljøforskeren François de Rugy, som var opstillet fra venstrefløjspariet Europe Écologie Les Verts ved primærvalget, samt flere socialistiske parlamentsmedlemmer og ministre. Han fik også støtte fra flere centrum- og centrumhøjrepolitikere. Den 9. marts passerede Macron for første gang Marine Le Pen i meningsmålingerne i første valgrunde.

Frankrigs præsident
Macron kvalificerede sig til anden runde af præsidentvalget, som han vandt den 7. maj ved en jordskredssejr. Modkandidaten fra Front National, Marine Le Pen, erkendte i løbet af valgaftenen sit nederlag. Som 39-årig er Macron den yngste præsident i fransk historie og det yngste statsoverhoved i Frankrig siden Napoleon.

Politik
Macron stiftede i april 2016 sin eget parti En Marche!, og gik til valg på et socialliberalt politisk partiprogram. Han er en ivrig fortaler for europæisk samarbejde og Den Europæiske Union og Frankrigs samarbejde med Tyskland. Macron har tidligere støttet Angela Merkels flygtningepolitik.

Macron er af nogle kommentatorer blevet beskrevet som socialliberal og af andre som socialdemokrat. Under sin tid i det franske Socialistparti hørte han til på partiets højrefløj. Hans politiske ståsted er blevet sammenlignet med den "tredje vejs" politik, sådan som den blev udført af Bill Clinton, Tony Blair og Gerhard Schröder, og hvis ledende fortaler i Frankrig har været den tidligere premierminister Manuel Valls.

Privatliv
Macron er gift med Brigitte Trogneux, som er 24 år ældre end han selv, og som var hans lærer i La Providence-gymnasiet i Amiens. Parret mødte hinanden første gang, da han som 15-årig var elev i hendes klasse; men de blev først officielt et par, da han blev 18.

Macrons forældre forsøgte oprindelig at splitte parret ved at sende ham til Paris for at færdiggøre hans skole- og gymnasieuddannelse der. De mente, at forskellen i alder gjorde forholdet upassende. Men parret blev sammen, efter at Macron var færdiguddannet, og de blev gift i 2007.

Parret bor sammen med Brigitte Trogneux's tre børn fra hendes tidligere ægteskab.

Bibliografi

Bøger

Artikler

Forord

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Officielle hjemmeside for En Marche !

Økonomiministre fra Frankrig
Frankrigs præsidenter

Emmanuel Macron


Acantilados Rosados (en inglés: Pink Cliffs) son una serie de acantilados muy secos, de aproximadamente 35 millas (56 kilómetros) de longitud, a lo largo del borde sureste de la Meseta de Paunsaugunt (Paunsaugunt Plateau), en el suroeste del estado de Utah en los Estados Unidos. Los acantilados son formaciones rocosas únicas y son protegidas en gran medida como parte del Parque nacional Cañón Bryce (Bryce Canyon National Park).

Geológicamente las rocas son de color rosa y de rojo y son formaciones de piedra caliza, constituyendo la parte superior de una "gran escalera" que desciende hacia el sur hasta el Gran Cañón en el estado de Arizona.

Véase también
Geografía de Estados Unidos
Geografía de América del Norte

Referencias

Rosados
Geografía de Utah
Bryce Canyon

Acantilados Rosados


Gram-negatif bakteriler Gram boyama prosedürü sırasında kristal viyole boyasını tutmayan bakterilerdir. Gram-pozitif bakteriler, alkolle yıkandıktan sonra mavi rengi tutmaya devam ederlerken, Gram-negatif bakteriler mavi rengi kaybederler. Gram boyama testinde kristal viyoleden sonra bir karşı boya eklenir. Bu boya Gram-negatif bakterileri kırmızı-pembe renge boyar. Bu test, hücre duvarlarının türüne göre çok farklı olan iki bakteri tipini ayırmakta son derece faydalıdır.

Gram-negatif bakterilerin pek çoğu patojendir. Yani, insanlarda hastalık yapma yetisine sahiplerdir. Bu hastalık yapma yetisi, Gram-negatif hücre duvarının bazı özelliklerinden, isim vermek gerekirse LPS (lipopolisakkarit) içeriğinden kaynaklanmaktadır. LPS'ler endotoksinlerdir.

Özellikleri
1. Hücre duvarlarında gram-pozitiflere oranla daha ince peptidoglikan vardır.
2. Peptidoglikan tabakasının dışında başka bir lipopolisakkarit zar vardır. (Lipopolisakkarit tabaka; lipid A, polisakkarit çekirdekler ve O antijeni içerir. Ayrıca, bu lipopolisakkarit tabaka mikroorganizmaya toksik etki kazandırır.)
3. Dış zarda, belli molekülleri geçiren ¨Porin¨ler vardır.
4. Peptidoglikan tabakası ve dış zar arasında periplazmik boşluk denen bir boşluk vardır.
5. S-katmanı peptidoglikana değil, dış zara bağlıdır.
6. Flagella (eğer varsa) iki değil dört halkalıdır.
7. Teikoik asit veya lipoteikoik asit yoktur.
8. Sitoplazmik zar

Bazı gram-negatif bakteri türleri
Proteobacteria türleri arasında önemli olanlar: Escherichia coli, Salmonella, v.b.Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Moraxella, Helicobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Legionella .

Tıbbi açıdan anlamlı Kok (Bakteri) türleri arasında bel soğukluğu etmeni Neisseria gonorrhoeae, menenjit etmeni Neisseria meningitidis ve solunum sisteminde enfeksiyon yapan Moraxella catarrhalis sayılabilir.

Tıbbi açıdan anlamlı basil türleri birkaç gruba ayrılırlar. Solunum sistemini etkileyenler: Hemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. İdrar yollarını etkileyenler: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens. Sindirim sistemini etkileyenler: Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella enteritidis, ''Salmonella typhi'.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Gram boyama
 Gram-pozitif

Kaynakça

Negatif

Gram negatif bakteri


Hylke Mølle er en vandmølle der i middelalderen blev opført ved en bæk, der udmundede i sydenden af Skanderborg Sø. Den blev nedlagt igen i 1932.

I middelalderen tilhørte Hylke Mølle nonnerne på Ring Kloster, ligesom også Vester Mølle, Røde Mølle og Hede Mølle gjorde. I 1573 – efter reformationen – kom Hylke Mølle i kongens besiddelse. De efterfølgende fæstere skulle betale en relativ lille landgilde til kongen sammenlignet med andre møller i området, hvilket formentlig skyldtes, at en del af vandet blev ledt væk fra møllen, enten til Skanderborg Slot eller til fiskedamme ved Ring Kloster.

Herefter var møllen bortfæstet til en række forskellige fæstere, før den i 1767 blev sat til salg ved den store krongodsauktion, hvor også bl.a. Skanderborg Slot, Dyrehaven og Skvæt Mølle også blev solgt. Hylke Mølle blev herefter drevet af en række private ejere indtil 1932, hvor mølledriften ophørte. Den øverste etage af møllen blev fjernet, og den nederste blev brugt til redskabsrum for den tilhørende Hylke Nedermølle, der fortsat blev brugt til kornmaling indtil 2. Verdenskrig, hvor også Nedermølle blev nedlagt.

Møllehuset fra Hylke Mølle er kun fragmentarisk bevaret, men stammer formodentlig fra sidste halvdel af 1800-tallet. Vandføringen er nu ledt uden om møllen, mens møllendammen er bevaret. På et tidspunkt i historien må vandstanden i mølledammen være blevet hævet, da der tværs gennem dammen findes trædesten i ca. 20 centimeters dybde.

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger
 Artiklen er tilpasset efter artiklen (historik) på Skanderborg Leksikon (CC BY-SA 3.0) .
 "Vandmøller omkring Skanderborg", Jens Ingvordsen. I: Skanderborg Museums årbog 1989-1990, s. 32-39
 "Vandmøller i det gl. Skanderborg amt", Kristian Vestergaard. 1981, s. 85-87

Vandmøller i Danmark
Lokaliteter i Skanderborg Kommune

Hylke Mølle


Üç Renk: Mavi (özgün adı: Trois Couleurs: Bleu), yönetmenliğini Krzysztof Kieślowski'nin yaptığı 1993 tarihli filmdir. Üç Renk üçlemesinin ilk filmiyken müziklerini Zbigniew Preisner'in yaptı. Fransız devriminin dayandığı temellerden özgürlük temasını ele almaktadır.

Konusu
Filmde, bir kaza sonucu kızını ve besteci olan kocası Patrice de Courcy'yi yitiren Julie'nin yaşama tutunma çabası anlatılmaktadır. İlkin ailesinin yokluğuna dayanamayan Julie intihara yeltense de, daha sonra bakış açısını değiştirip, kocasının ölümü nedeniyle yarım kalan bir bestesi üzerinde çalışmaya ve onu tamamlamaya karar verir. Avrupa Birliği'nin kuruluşunu kutlama amacını taşıyan bu bestenin tamamlanmaya çalışılması sürecinde, eski çevresinden ve arkadaşlarından kopar ve besteci kocasının sağlığında yardımcısı olan Olivier Benoit ile yakınlaşır.

Filmin çözümlemesi
Film daha çok psikolojik bir çözümleme filmi gibi görünmektedir. Julie'nin yaşadığı bunalımlar, yalnızlık duygusu, yaşam ile ölüm arasında gidip gelmesi, gidenin ve geri gelmeyecek olanın ardından yaşananlar, hem Kieślowski'ye özgü başarılı kamera kullanımıyla hem de Presnier'in etkileyici müziğiyle izleyicisi saran bir anlatımla perdeye yansıtılmaktadır.

Görsel olarak, yönetmen, Julie'nin yaşadığı iç çelişkileri perdeye yansıtmak amacıyla çok sayıda teknik kullanmaktadır. Julie'nin film boyunca genellikle yalnız oluşu, küçük nesneler üzerinde gezinen kamera, sürekli bir karanlık ve çaresizlik duygusunu veren mavinin ve özellikle de koyu tonlarının film boyunca bolca kullanılışı buna örnek olarak verilebilir. Kieślowski, kendisiyle yapılan bir görüşmede de belirttiği gibi, özgürlüğü toplumsal ya da siyasal anlamda ele almamakta, filmde günlük yaşamın içindeki özgürlüğü konu etmektedir.

Bazı yönetmenler, bu filmi tüm zamanların en iyi filmi olarak tanımlamaktadır. The Austin Chronicle yazarlarından Marjorie Baumgarten şöyle diyor: "Mavi insanın zihnini meşgul eden, duygularıyla hesaplaşmasını sağlayan, çözümler arayan, estetik bir kurguyla ve seçkin bir tavırla iyi bir öyküyü anlatan bir film ve bir siyasal hicivdir." Boulder Daily Camera yazarlarından Michael Hoshall ise, "Juliette Binoche müzisyen ve insan olarak kendi değerinin ayırdında olan bir kadın olarak parlak bir performans sergiliyor," yorumunu yapmıştır.

Filmin belli başlı oyuncuları

 Juliette Binoche: "Julie Vignon-de Courcy"
 Benoît Régent: "Olivier Benoit"
 Charlotte Very: "Lucille"
 Emmanuelle Riva: "Madame Vignon" (Julie'nin annesi)
 Florence Pernel: "Sandrine"

Filmin kazandığı ödüller
 Venedik Film Festivali, 1993: En İyi Film Ödülü, En İyi Kadın Oyuncu Ödülü (Juliette Binoche'a), En İyi Sinematografi Ödülü (Sławomir Idziak'a)
 Sezar Ödülleri, 1993: En İyi Kadın Oyuncu Ödülü (Juliette Binoche'a), En İyi Seslendirme Goya Ödülleri (İspanya Akademi Ödülleri): En İyi Avrupa Filmi Ödülü''

1993 çıkışlı filmler
Fransa filmleri
Altın Aslan Ödülü kazanan filmler
Krzysztof Kieslowski'nin yönettiği filmler
Fransa'da çekilmiş filmler
Zbigniew Preisner'in müziğini yaptığı filmler
Marin Karmitz'in yapımcısı olduğu filmler
1990'larda Fransızca filmler

Üç Renk: Mavi (film)


TVA social (în ) este un impozit indirect suportat de către agentul economic care își propune să doneze voluntar 33,3% din profitul său către una sau mai multe cauze sociale. TVA-ul social nu este un impozit obligatoriu. Este o decizie matură a agenților economici de a contribui la dezvoltarea mediului înconjurător pentru ei și clienții lor.

Note

Fiscalitate

TVA social


Buck Godot is the title character in a science fiction/comedy comic book series collected in two volumes (Buck Godot: Zap Gun for Hire and Buck Godot: PSmIth) and assorted comic books, including the eight-issue "Gallimaufry" series, all written and drawn by their creator, Phil Foglio.

Publication history
The first Buck Godot story appeared in issue #2 (summer 1982) of the anthology comic book Just Imagine, published by Just Imagine Graphix. More Buck Godot stories followed in issues #3 (1982) and #5 (spring 1983). A fourth story written by John J Buckley, Jr. and penciled by Doug Rice, which has never been reprinted, appeared in #8 (winter 1984). In 1986, the three stories by Foglio were colored and compiled along with a new fourth story in Buck Godot: Zap Gun for Hire, a graphic novel published by Starblaze Graphics. This was followed in 1987 by a full-length graphic novel, Buck Godot: PSmIth, also published by Starblaze.

A single-page Buck Godot story also appeared in E-Man #9 (December 1983).

In 1993, Foglio began publishing the 8-issue limited series Buck Godot - Zap Gun for Hire through Palliard Press. Six issues were published on a semi-annual basis. After Palliard Press dissolved, the final two issues were published starting in 1997 by Studio Foglio. The series was later collected in a trade paperback as Buck Godot: The Gallimaufry.

After successfully moving Girl Genius from a printed comic book series to a webcomic in 2006, Studio Foglio began to serialize the existing Buck Godot stories as a webcomic. The webcomic started running on January 9, 2007, and updated three times a week. As of June 2009, the last Buck Godot comic has been posted (except for the second story in the first volume, concerning the Planetary Temperance League and one of Lou's employees that featured some nudity and one page story "The Gauntlet" parodies the old Hostess pie ads from E-Man #9, and a lost short story from GASP! magazine) and updates have now ceased. Though this has been offline since sometime in February 2016, along with webcomic republications of What's New with Phil & Dixie and MythAdventures, when Airship Entertainment's old website broke down.

Studio Foglio hinted at a possible printed (re-)publication of Godot "in late Spring [2016]".

Overview
Buck's adventures take place in a future where humanity has joined an interstellar coalition known as the Gallimaufry. Human colonization and exploitation has resulted in the development of various human and mutant sub-species, as well as methods such as terraforming (altering marginally habitable worlds into environments where humans can thrive) and pantropy (genetically altering humans to thrive on marginally habitable worlds). Humanity has also become the custodian of The Winslow, an immortal, indestructible, sentient small fuzzy alligator-like creature that usually doesn't do anything more than say "Hi!", and is highly sought after by other species for various reasons.

However, the chaotic nature of human expansion into space has resulted in two Great Checks: a powerful alien intelligence known as Lord Thezmothete, who prevents humans and other species from exploiting pre-spaceflight civilizations; and the emergence of the Law Machines, intelligent robots that enforce the law in all places. The Law Machines always enforce the letter of the written law, to the extent that several planets were forced to change governments when corrupt or neglectful officials were arrested en masse. Since someone arrested by the Law is never seen again, human colonies are wary about accepting the presence of a Law Machine in their society.

The Law's presence and methods have led to a noticeable decline in "real governments", because they tend not to be able to function in the harsh scrutiny of The Law. In their place have risen guilds like X-Tel, which specialize in helping disgruntled colonists move and resettle to places where The Law has a weaker presence.

The sole exception to the Law's jurisdiction is the colony of New Hong Kong. The planetary government there wound up being protected from the 'protection' of the Law Machines when a hacker entered a new 'law' to be voted into place (and it was, overwhelmingly): There shall be no laws on New Hong Kong. The hacker was subsequently arrested, but since the Law Machines are programmed not to interfere in society except when enforcing official laws, they became powerless to act on New Hong Kong thanks to this new (and only) 'law'. The planet had already been a haven to many of the worst criminals and other anti-social humans and aliens, and has become even more so now that it offers safety from the Machines (the Law Machine assigned to New Hong Kong "moonlights as its conscience").

New Hong Kong is the home base of the series' eponymous protagonist, Buckminster "Buck" Godot, a quick-witted mercenary whose motto is "Always available, but never free". He was once a security chief of the corrupt X-Tel Corporation, but "retired" from their service after an ethical dispute, damaging their headquarters and stealing a starship as he left (in what Godot later cheekily described as "taking his pension in a lump sum").

Buck mostly hangs around Asteroid Al's bar on New Hong Kong, waiting for work to come to him. His normal fee is in the five to six-figure range, plus expenses and sometimes, given the amount of property damage he causes, those expenses can be pretty high. He follows strict ethical standards in all his dealings, which sometimes surprises his clients. One of the mottos of New Hong Kong is, "Just because there are no laws, that doesn't mean there are no rules".

Powers, abilities and weapons
Buck Godot is a Hoffmanite, a variant human race from a world with a heavy gravity environment. His rotund appearance conceals high muscular density, giving him incredible (but not quite superhuman) strength, stamina and metabolic endurance (he can drink high amounts of alcohol with little effect). He can also move deceptively quickly and efficiently for a man of his size.

Buck is also a fast thinker, shown setting up and executing very elaborate schemes on short notice. His skills are impressive enough to be worthy of respect by no less than Lord Thezmothete, the single most advanced being in the galaxy.

Buck is an expert marksman, able to shoot his way out of almost any situation. His normal "zap gun" is Junior, a white or chromed laser pistol which fires cartridge-loaded energy blasts (a much larger gun, Senior, may be glimpsed on his apartment wall).
He is also an expert pilot, operating small personal craft around New Hong Kong as well as interstellar spacecraft.

Known associates & antagonists
Buck's best friend is Louisa "Lou" Dem Five, the asteroid-born madam of the Velvet Fist bordello. Lou is a former agent of the Planetary Temperance League, but finds her current profession more to her liking, and has successfully tempted several of her fellow agents to work for her. Her human-variant alteration gives her voluntary control over glands in her body that exude an intensely-powerful pheromone that can entice anyone (at least, anyone with a healthy sex drive). Lou has employed Buck on several occasions, usually surprised that he prefers payment in cash instead of "trade". Buck's response is generally that she is "too small", a reference to the fact that Hoffmanites are so large, heavy, and strong, once joking that they could have a go if she gained about 400 pounds.

Buck's other friend is Asteroid Al, a Thuxian (an eyeless alien species roughly resembling the creatures from the Alien franchise), who is known for being stingy about money and contracts. The drinks served at his bar can intoxicate the unwary almost immediately. Buck's drink of choice is the "ion sucker", whose containers also make useful weapons (as well as components for flower arranging). Other cronies at Al's Bar include Spug, a frog-faced alien cabbie who has trouble keeping secrets. Beyond these, Buck is a well-known face at Asteroid Al's, and indeed throughout most of New Hong Kong.

Buck's notable antagonists have included the aforementioned X-Tel Corporation, the human collective mind PSmIth (read as "Smithe", referencing the "psi" shortening of "psychic"), the high-grade thief and assassin named Der Rock the Destroyer and the notorious space pirate known as the Pistol Packin' Polaris Packrat (a sentient who has the dubious honor of being the only creature Buck will deal with for free; Al suspects that there's someone out there paying Buck to breathe) with his two talking laser pistols, Smith and Wesson, who have some history with Junior and lament that he "isn't speaking to them".

In the 8-part "Gallimaufry" series, Buck travels to the eponymous space station – acting as a sort of United Nations in space - and meets a new group of friends, allies, and enemies. These include the Prime Mover, an immortal and omnipotent alien lifeform who has a deal with humanity to prevent their extinction, Ambassador Whreee of the Klegdixal, a paranoid and conniving alien race and oft-time political rival of humanity, Parahexavoctal, chief of security of the entire Gallimaufry, and Buck's uncle and fellow Hoffmanite, Frakkus Godot.

See also
Studio Foglio

References

External links
 Buck Godot comics at Studio Foglio

 The Slag-Blah Church of the Winslow

Webcomics from print
Studio Foglio titles

Buck Godot


An Eriochloa pseudoacrotricha in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Otto Stapf ngan Albert Thellung, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni John McConnell Black. An Eriochloa pseudoacrotricha in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eriochloa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Eriochloa

Eriochloa pseudoacrotricha


Zermelo-Fraenkel küme teorisi, soyut matematikte, seçim beliti ile birlikte kısaca ZFC diye anılan toplam 9 belitten oluşan küme kuramı'dır. Seçim belitini katmaksızın kısaca ZF olarak anılır. Küme ve öğesi olmak terimlerinin tanımsız kabul edildiği biçimsel dizge 1930'da Zermelo tarafından ortaya atıldı.

Bertrand Russell ve Frege arasında geçen mektuplaşmanın ardından bulunan Russell paradoksunun ardından matematiği çelişkisiz hale getirmek için başlatılan çabalardandır. Russell paradoksunun oluşturduğu çelişkiyi az ve doğru belitler seçerek ortadan kaldırmış ve günümüzdeki matematiğin temellerini atmıştır.

Kaynakça
Russel paradoksu

Bertrand Russel ve Frege

Kümeler teorisi

Zermelo-Fraenkel küme teorisi


Kosmos 2512, ruski kalibriranje i poravnavanje iz programa Kosmos. Vrste je KJuA (br. 1).

Lansiran je 5. prosinca 2015. godine u 14:09 s kozmodroma Pljesecka, s mjesta 43/4. Lansiran je u nisku orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Sojuz-2.1v/Volga. Orbita mu je 684 km u perigeju i 693 km u apogeju. Orbitna inklinacija mu je 98,18°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 41099. COSPARova oznaka je 2015-071-B. Zemlju obilazi u 98,53 minute. Pri lansiranju bio je mase 15,8 kg.

Ovaj sferični satelit namijenjen je za radarska testiranja na poduzeće Almaz-Antej, koji razvija protuzrakoplovne i proturaketne sustave.

Razgonski blok (međuorbitni tegljač) Blok-I 14S54 koji je bio u niskoj orbiti vratio se u atmosferu. U istoj je misiji poslan Kosmos 2511.

Izvori
Heavens-above (engl.)
NASA (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)
N2YO Satellite Database - Tehnical Details - Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions (engl.)
Gunter's Space Page KYuA 1, 2 (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
Состав группировки КНС ГЛОНАСС на 28.01.2012г Состояние ОГ (rus.)
Glonass  (rus.)
Glonass Constellation Status (engl.)
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database (engl.)
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 2512


Das Florentiner Streichquartett  war ein von Jean Becker 1865 während einer Konzertreise in Florenz gegründetes Streichquartett mit Friedrich Hilpert (Cello), Enrico Masi (zweite Violine) und Luigi Chiostri (Viola). Es bestand bis 1880.

Geschichte
Der Geiger Jean Becker erhielt während eines Aufenthaltes in Florenz den Auftrag, zehn Abonnement-Konzerte des Vereins zur Hebung und Förderung der italienischen Kammermusik unter dem Mäzenatentum des reichen Florentiner Professors Abramo Basevi (1818–1885) zu leiten. Nach gründlichen Studien im Zusammenspiel begannen 1866 die Reisen des "Florentiner Quartetts Jean Becker" in die Schweiz und nach Straßburg, 1867 dann nach Frankfurt, Köln, Leipzig, Berlin, Dresden und Baden-Baden. Vor der Ankunft des Quartetts in Wien 1868 hatten bereits das Joachimsche und das Hellmesberger-Quartett den Bereich Kammermusik abgedeckt. Nachdem sich die Qualität der Musiker herumgesprochen hatte, wurden zehn weitere Konzerte mit größtem Erfolg gegeben.
1874 verließ Friedrich Hilpert das Quartett, um in Wien zu arbeiten. Seine Stelle nahm Louis Hegyesi ein.

Bedeutung
Jean Beckers  spielerische und interpretatorische Leistungen lagen auf dem Gebiete der Kammermusik, besonders mit den Werken seines Altersgenossen Johannes Brahms. Er hat das konzertmäßige Quartettspiel populär gemacht und zur Pflege des  Kammermusik-Spiels durch Amateure entscheidende Anregungen gegeben.

Mitglieder
 Violine: Jean Becker
 Violine: Enrico Masi
 Viola: Luigi Chiostri
 Cello: Friedrich Hilpert (1865–1874), Louis Hegyesi (1875–1880)

Weblinks
 Jean Becker (Eintrag in "Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon" von 1905)

Streichquartett (Ensemble)

Florentiner Streichquartett


Altın alınlı ağaçkakan, Melanerpes aurifrons, Kuzey ve Orta Amerika'da yaşayan, Melanerpes cinsinden bir ağaçkakan türüdür. ABD, Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Meksika, Nikaragua'da bulunur. Yaklaşık olarak 1.400.000 km2lik bir alanda 1.700.000 altın alınlı ağaçkakanın yaşadığı tahmin edilmektedir.

Fiziksel özellikleri
Altın alınlı ağaçkakan 20–22 cm civarında boyuyla orta büyüklükte bir ağaçkakandır. Başı, boğazı, göğsü ve karnı soluk gridir. Ensesinde ve gagasının hemen üstünde parlak turuncu - sarı renkte tüyler bulunur. Sırtı belirgin bir şekilde siyah ve beyaz çizgilidir. Siyah kanatları da beyaz çizgili ve beneklidir. Arka kısmı ve kuyruk uçları beyaz renktedir. Erkeklerin başı üzerinde kırmızı renkte olan leke, dişilerde siyahtır. Erkeklerin tüyleri dişilere göre daha parlaktır. Gözler kahve-kızıl arasında, ayaklar ise soluk gri renktedir. Genç kuşların göğüsleri çizgili ve başlarındaki lekeler kahverengidir. Renkleri erişkin kuşlardan daha donuktur. Gözler kahverengidir.

Davranış
Yuva yapma özellikleri kızıl karınlı ağaçkakana benzer ve genellikle uzun pecan, meşe ve mesquite ağaçlarına yuva yapar. Sıklıkla çit direkleri, telefon direkleri ve tahta kuş yuvalarını da kullanır. Altın alınlı ağaçkakan hem böceklerle hem de bitkisel besinlerle beslenir. Genellikle çekirgelerin yanında karınca ve diğer böcekleri yer. Bitkisel olarak da tahıl, meşe palamudu, yaban meyveleri ile beslenir. Ağaçkakanların genel davranışının aksine altın alınlı ağaçkakan besin bulmak için ağaçları delmek yerine yerdeki ve ağaç kabuğunun üzerindeki ya da hemen altındaki böcek ve larvaları arar. Uzun bir dile sahiptir ve birkaç santimetre dışarı çıkarabildiği bu dille ağaç kabukları üstündeki boşluklarda böcek ve larvalara ulaşabilir.

Dişi altın alınlı ağaçkakan yılda iki kere her seferinde 4-7 arası parlak, yuvarlak ve beyaz yumurta yumurtlar. Kuluçka süresi 12-14 gün arasındadır. Yuvadaki kuşları hem anne hem de baba besler. Yavru kuşlar 30 gün içinde palazlanır ve uçabilir.

Altın alınlı ağaçkakan yuvarlanan ve tek ya da arka arkaya gelen "çur-çur" sesi ile birlikte gürültülü ve ritmik "kiik-kiik" sesi çıkarır. Aynı zamanda genizden gelen ve hızlı bir "yak-yak-yak-yak" sesi ile birlikte tambur vuruşları da duyulur.

Alt türler
Aşağıda 2005 tarihli ITIS sınıflandırması kaynak alınmıştır:
 Melanerpes aurifrons aurifrons (Wagler, 1829)
 Melanerpes aurifrons canescens (Salvin, 1889)
 Melanerpes aurifrons dubius (Cabot, 1844)
 Melanerpes aurifrons grateloupensis (Lesson, 1839)
 Melanerpes aurifrons hughlandi, (R.W. Dickerman, 1987)
 Melanerpes aurifrons insulanus (James Bond, 1936)
 Melanerpes aurifrons leei (Ridgway, 1885)
 Melanerpes aurifrons pauper (Ridgway, 1888)
 Melanerpes aurifrons polygrammus (Cabanis, 1862)
 Melanerpes aurifrons santacruzi (Bonaparte, 1838)
 Melanerpes aurifrons turneffensis (Stephen M. Russell, 1963)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Altın alınlı ağaçkakan, bibliyografya (İngilizce).
 Birdphotography.com. Altın alınlı ağaçkakan fotoğrafları.  (İngilizce)
 Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (çevrimiçi).  (İngilizce)

Melanerpes
Asgari endişe altındaki hayvanlar
Meksika'daki kuşlar
Orta Amerika kuşları

Altın alınlı ağaçkakan


An Deschampsia argentea in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Richard Thomas. Lowe. An Deschampsia argentea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Deschampsia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Deschampsia

Deschampsia argentea


Oklu kirpi, Hystricidae ve Erethizontidae familyalarını oluşturan kemiricilerin ortak adı. Yaklaşık 60–90 cm boyunda, 5–16 kg ağırlığındadırlar. Kuyrukları yaklaşık 20–25 cm'dir. Kahverengi, gri veya nadiren de beyaz renktedirler.

Oklu kirpiler, isim benzerliğine rağmen kirpi değildirler. Kirpiler erinaceomorphs ailesine mensupturlar.

Oklu kirpi sözcüğünün batılı dillerdeki karşılıkları, Orta Fransızca "porc d'épine" (dikenli domuz) sözcüğünden gelir.

Türleri
 Eski Dünya oklu kirpileri
 Yeni Dünya oklu kirpileri

Sanat
Kuzey Amerika'da Amerika Yerlilerince oklu kirpinin ok adı verilen teleksi dikenleri takı ve giyim kuşam süslemesinde kullanılır ve bu sanata kirpi işi (quillwork) adı verilir.

Otomatik taksonkutu eklenmesi gereken sayfalar

Oklu kirpi


Sparta Rotterdam je nizozemski profesionalni nogometni klub iz Rotterdama. Osnovan je 1. travnja 1888. godine što ga čini najstarijim profesionalnim klubom u Nizozemskoj. Jedan je od tri profesionalna kluba iz Rotterdama, uz Excelsior i Feyenoord. U sezoni 2019./20. se natječe u Eredivisie, najvišem rangu nizozemskog nogometa.

Klupski uspjesi
Osvojili su šest titula prvaka Nizozemske uz tri nacionalna kupa.

Nizozemska prvenstva (6)
Prvak (6): 1908./09., 1910./11., 1911./12., 1912./13., 1914./15., 1958./59.

Vanjske poveznice
Službene stranice

Nizozemski nogometni klubovi

Sparta Rotterdam


Baron Sandhurst, of Sandhurst in the County of Berkshire, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 28 March 1871 for the soldier Sir William Mansfield, Commander-in-Chief of India between 1865 and 1870 and Commander-in-Chief of Ireland between 1870 and 1875. He was the grandson of Sir James Mansfield, Solicitor-General and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. Lord Sandhurst's eldest son, the second Baron, was a Liberal politician and also served as Governor of Bombay. On 1 January 1917 he was created Viscount Sandhurst, of Sandhurst in the County of Berkshire, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. However, he had no surviving male issue and on his death in 1921 the viscountcy became extinct. He was succeeded in the barony by his younger brother, the third Baron.  the title is held by the latter's great-grandson, the sixth Baron, who succeeded his father in 2002. He is a barrister and judge and was elected to a hereditary-peers' seat in the House of Lords in 2021.

Barons Sandhurst (1871)
William Rose Mansfield, 1st Baron Sandhurst (1819–1876)
William Mansfield, 2nd Baron Sandhurst (1855–1921) (created Viscount Sandhurst in 1917)

Viscounts Sandhurst (1917)
William Mansfield, 1st Viscount Sandhurst, 2nd Baron Sandhurst (1855–1921)

Barons Sandhurst (1871; Reverted)
John William Mansfield, 3rd Baron Sandhurst (1857–1933)
Ralph Sheldon Mansfield, 4th Baron Sandhurst (1892–1964)
John Edward Terence Mansfield, 5th Baron Sandhurst (1920–2002)
Guy Rhys John Mansfield, 6th Baron Sandhurst (b. 1949)

The heir apparent is the present holder's only son, Hon. Edward James Mansfield (b. 1982)

Arms

See also
Sir James Mansfield
James Mansfield, cricketer and fourth son of the first baron

References

Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1871
1871 establishments in the United Kingdom

Baron Sandhurst


was a town located in Miyazaki District, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 32,882 and a density of 578.50 persons per km2. The total area was 56.84 km2.

On January 1, 2006, Sadowara, along with the town of Tano (also from Miyazaki District), and the town of Takaoka (from Higashimorokata District), was merged into the expanded city of Miyazaki and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Residents of Sadowara were known in the region for flying "Kujiranobori", similar to koinobori but in the shape of whales instead of carp.

External links
 Official website of Miyazaki

Dissolved municipalities of Miyazaki Prefecture
Miyazaki (city)

Sadowara, Miyazaki


أمنحتب بن حابو كاهن ومهندس وكاتب وتولى أيضا العديد من المناصب الرسمية في عهد الملك أمنحتب الثالث.

وقد أخبرنا أمنحتب بن حابو في النقوش التي تصف حياته أنه ولد في آواخر عهد الملك تحتمس الثالث في بلدة اتريب (بنها حاليا) لأبوين من عامة الشعب هما حبو ووالدته إتو.

كانت أول وظائف أمنحتب بن حابو مساعد كاتب الملك، ثم أصبح كاتب المجندين حيث كان يقوم بإحصاء وتنظيم وتوفير المجندين لأتمام مشروعات الملك سواء المدنية أو الحربية، وحمل العديد من الألقاب التي توضح الوظائف التي أمتهنها أمنحتب بن حابو ومنها : المشرف على الكهنة، كاتب المجندين، الكاتب الملكى، مدير كل المبانى الملكية، نائب الملك.
كما كان أمنحتب بن حابو المهندس المعمارى الخاص بأمنحتب الثالث حيث قام ببناء والأشراف على الكثير من منشأت أمنحتب الثالث منها المعبد الجنائزى الذي بناه في غرب طيبة الذي يوجد أمامه تمثالا ممنون وقد أشرف أمنحتب بن حابو على بناءهم أيضا.

وقد كافاءه أمنحتب الثالث على أعماله بأن سمح له بأقامة تمثال له في معبد آمون وهذا التمثال موجود بالمتحف المصري، كما سمح له بأقامة مقبرة له فأنشأ أمنحتب بن حابو معبدا جنائزيا في طيبة الغربية ونحت قبره في الصخور بالقرب من هذا المعبد ويعتبر هذا تشريف عظيم له إذ يساويه بالفراعنة الملوك.

يعتقد أن أمنحتب بن حابو قد توفى في السنة 31 من حكم أمنحتب الثالث طبقا لنقوش وجدت في مقبرة رع موسى، وبعد وفاته بدأت شهرته وسمعته كمعلم وحكيم تتزايد وأزداد معها توقير المصريين له حتى رفع إلى مرتبة الآلهة في عصر البطالمة وصار آلها للشفاء.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 أمنحتب بن حابو - المتحف المصري

الأسرة المصرية الثامنة عشر
مصر في القرن 14 ق م
رجال دين في القرن 14 ق م
سنة الولادة غير معروفة
شخصيات مؤلهة
قساوسة مصريون قدماء
كتاب مصر القديمة
مسؤولون من الأسرة المصرية الثامنة عشر
مصريون في القرن 14 ق م
معماريون مصريون قدماء
مواليد في أتريب
وفيات القرن 14 ق م

أمنحتب بن حابو


Sir Gordon Richards (5 May 1904 – 10 November 1986) was an English jockey who was the British flat racing Champion Jockey 26 times, and is often considered the world's greatest jockey. He remains the only flat jockey to have been knighted.

Early life

Gordon Richards was brought up in the Shropshire village of Donnington Wood (now part of Telford) where he was born at Ivy Row (now demolished), the third son of eight surviving children of coal miner Nathan and former dressmaker Elizabeth. His mother was the daughter of another miner, William Dean, who was also a lay preacher, and Richards was given a strict Methodist upbringing. The family later moved during his childhood to Wrockwardine Wood where they lived in a row of cottages called The Limes, Plough Road, built on land bought by his mother. His father reared several pit ponies at their home, and fostered the young Richards' love of equestrian sport. He rode the ponies bareback from an early age, then from the age of seven drove the pony and trap passenger service his family ran between Wrockwardine Wood and Oakengates station. It is said that this is when he developed his unique riding style, using a long rein and an upright stance. He had two brothers, Colin and Clifford, who shared this love of horses and also became jockeys: the latter was a Classic-winning jockey.

Career
Leaving school at the age of 13, he became a junior clerk in the warehouse of the nearby Lilleshall Company engineering works, sometimes riding a pony to work. He found work as a clerk monotonous and already held ambitions of a career with horses. He answered a newspaper advertisement to be an apprentice to Martin Hartigan, trainer at the Foxhill Stable near Swindon, Wiltshire, owned by Jimmy White, and on New Year's Day 1920 left home to move there.

His riding skills were soon noticed by his new employer, who gave him his first ride in a race at Lincoln on 16 October 1920, after a deal struck during a football match against the neighbouring Osbourne Stables. White had bet on his stable to win, and the match stood at three all when his team were awarded a penalty. White insisted that Richards take it, with the incentive that he would ride at Lincoln the next day if he scored. He did, and got to ride the horse, called Clock-Work. He weighed out at 6 stone 9 pounds. His first win came the following season: Gay Lord at Leicester on 31 March 1921. He soon became known by the nickname of "Moppy", for his thick, black hair.

First championship

His apprenticeship at Foxhill lasted until 1924, when he moved to become first jockey to Captain Thomas Hogg, based at Russley Park, Wiltshire, near Lambourn. That first season as a fully-fledged professional, 1925, he became Champion Jockey for the first time, with 118 wins.

Early in the following year, however, he contracted tuberculosis, which put his burgeoning career in jeopardy. Following diagnosis, he spent the rest of the year in a Norfolk sanitarium. While he was recuperating, he met fellow patient Bill Rowell who was to have a major influence on his life. Rowell became a friend and mentor, teaching the young jockey how to cope with wealth, and his increasing fame among high society in Britain's inter-war class system. In Richards' absence from riding, Tommy Weston won the championship; but by December, he had returned to the saddle and in 1927 regained his title with 164 winners, following up in 1928 and 1929.

By now, shipping magnate William Tatem, 1st Baron Glanely had retained his services. Hogg had become his private trainer, in Newmarket. For Glanely, he won his first classics – the 1930 Oaks on Rose of England and the 1930 St Leger on Singapore – and narrowly missed out on a fourth successive title to Freddie Fox. As the season drew to a close, he won the November Handicap for Glanely on Glorious Devon, putting him one ahead of Fox, but Fox won the fourth and fifth races to overhaul him.

Fred Darling

After retaking the championship in 1931 with 141 winners, he was made a substantial offer to become stable jockey to Fred Darling. Richards offered Glanely the chance to match it, but he declined. The move proved fruitful, and in his first season he scored 259 victories, breaking Fred Archer's longstanding record for the greatest number of wins in a year and becoming a national hero in the process. This included 11 consecutive victories at Chepstow in early October, as he closed in on Archer's target of 246, finally surpassing that total on Golden King at Liverpool on 8 November. He would break the record again himself in 1947, and retain it for nearly 50 years.

Throughout the 1930s, he came frustratingly close to winning a first Derby. In 1934, he rode Easton into second, and in 1936 was unlucky on Taj Akbar for the Aga Khan, being badly hampered before again finishing second, this time to the Aga Khan's second string Mahmoud. In 1938, Darling's two horses were Pasch, on which Richards had won the 2000 Guineas and French import Bois Roussel. Richards stayed loyal to Pasch, and finished third to Bois Roussel. His bad luck in the race was becoming proverbial.

During World War II, Richards was not required to serve in the armed forces on account of his prior tuberculosis. This meant he could keep riding, adding further titles in 1939 and 1940, but missing out again (to Harry Wragg this time) after he broke a leg at Salisbury in May 1941.

On George VI's Sun Chariot in 1942, he won the Fillies' Triple Crown of 1,000 Guineas, Oaks and St Leger. He also won the substitute 2,000 Guineas for the king on Big Game on the way to another championship. In 1943, he became the jockey with the most wins in British history, surpassing Archer's career total of 2748 winners on Scotch Mist at Windsor and took a 16th championship.

At Newmarket in 1947, he won the 2,000 Guineas aboard Tudor Minstrel by 8 lengths, the largest winning margin in the race since 1900. It was described shortly afterwards as "possibly the greatest feat in racing." As heavily-backed favourite for the Derby, the horse seemed set to break Richards' hoodoo in the race; however, he failed to stay and finished fourth. This did not stop Richards' march to a twentieth championship with the record-breaking total of 269 winners.

His partnership with Fred Darling lasted 16 years, until the trainer retired. Richards said of him, "I unhesitatingly describe him as a genius. There has been no trainer like him and there will never be another." Sir Noel Murless took over the stable at Beckhampton and Richards continued on as stable jockey. His greatest horse for Murless, was grey sprinter Abernant, dual winner of the Nunthorpe Stakes.

Later career and knighthood

Despite the successes, the Derby still eluded him. The 1953 race occurred on a week of great national, and personal celebration for Richards himself, as he became the first (and to date only) jockey to receive a knighthood. On being awarded the knighthood, he memorably joked, "I never dreamed I'd end up being the shortest knight of the year." It was awarded "as much in recognition of his exemplary integrity as of his professional achievement".

This time Sir Gordon rode Pinza, a huge horse for a flat-thoroughbred at 16 hands high, and he rode a terrific race. Pinza was in second position through much of the one-and-half-mile (2414 m) course, competing against the Queen's own horse Aureole, and sweeping past the Aga Khan III's horse, Shikampur, into first place with just two furlongs remaining. The long-awaited win was accompanied by thunderous cheers from the frenzied crowd. Winning The Derby at what was to be his final attempt was undoubtedly Sir Gordon's crowning victory, and he was promptly summoned from the winners' enclosure to be congratulated by the Queen.

A little over a year later, he broke his pelvis and four ribs when being thrown by Abergeldie in the Sandown Park paddock on 10 July 1954. This enforced his retirement. He had ridden 4,870 winners from 21,843 rides and been champion jockey twenty-six times.

Following his retirement he declined an offer to stand for Parliament as Conservative candidate for his native Wrekin constituency.

Training career

Subsequently, Richards trained at Beckhampton and Ogbourne Maizey in Wiltshire, and finally Whitsbury, Hampshire. His training career was less stellar than his riding one, but not without success.

His main owners were the partnership of Sir Michael Sobell and his son-in-law Lord Weinstock. They placed their first horse, London Cry, with Richards in 1957 and he went on to win the Cambridgeshire Handicap of 1958. Richards also trained Pipe Of Peace, the champion two-year-old colt of 1956. The Sobell/Weinstock owned colt Reform was probably his finest horse, winning 11 of his 14 starts including the Champion Stakes, St James's Palace Stakes and the Sussex Stakes. He also trained for Lady Beaverbrook when she took up her interest in racing. An early owner was Dorothy Paget, and when she died he was an influence in Sobell and Weinstock purchasing her Ballymacoll Stud, breeding and racing stock. His stable jockey for much of his training career was Scobie Breasley, and when he retired Edward Hide took over.

At the end of the 1970 season, circumstances forced his hand and he had to give up training: the bookmaker William Hill, from whom he leased his stables, wished to restart his breeding operation there. Sobell and Weinstock negotiated to buy West Ilsley Stables from Jakie Astor, but a stipulation of the purchase was that incumbent trainer Dick Hern, and stable jockey Joe Mercer remained in place. He gave up training, but was elected an honorary member of the Jockey Club that year.

He took up the role of Racing Manager in 1971 to Sobell, Weinstock and Lady Beaverbrook, and continued as such until his death. In this capacity he worked closely with Hern and was particularly active in the purchasing of yearlings for Lady Beaverbrook. Under his management these owners had tremendous success with horses such as Sun Prince, Sallust, Admetus, Cistus, Troy and Sun Princess (for Sobell/Weinstock), and Boldboy, Bustino, Relkino, Niniski and Petoski (for Lady Beaverbrook).

Riding style and reputation
In rating him the top jockey of the 20th century, the Racing Post said of Richards that he "bestrode the sport like a colossus" and "by his skill, integrity, consistency and longevity in the saddle, and his attractive personality, brought more credit to his profession than any other jockey has ever done." He was particularly known for his determination and single-mindedness.

He had the "ideal physique" for a jockey, being short, stocky and very strong for his weight, but his style was unorthodox, riding upright and with a long rein. In a driving finish, he would turn almost sideways, flourish his whip and apparently throw his reins at his mount. Even so, horses "ran as straight as a die" for him. John Hislop, an expert in riding technique, noted how Richards would win on horses which no other jockey could have got home first, and had the knack of making an apparently beaten horse run on.

Clive Brittain, who was an apprentice with Murless at the time Richards was there, described him as "a warm, generous and modest man" whose "integrity and loyalty were beyond reproach." "When you rode work with him, if you made a mistake, he only needed to tell you once. He commanded respect wherever he went."

It is also said he was a "kind and down-to-earth man, who never lost touch with his Shropshire roots".

Personal life
Richards married Margery Gladys (d. 1982), daughter of railway carriage fitter Thomas David Winckle on 1 March 1928. They had three sons and a daughter. The daughter and one of the sons were twins, but the son only lived a few hours.

He published his autobiography, My Story, in 1955.

Death and legacy

Richards died of a heart attack at his home, Dove House, Kintbury, Berkshire, on 10 November 1986. His funeral service was held at St Mary's, Kintbury, and he was buried at St Mary's Church, Marlborough, Wiltshire.

In his home county of Shropshire his feats were celebrated in Donnington with a pub, The Champion Jockey, named in his honour, and the 'Pinza Suite' in Oakengates Theatre (originally Oakengates Town Hall which he officially opened in 1968), named after his winning horse. The public house, demolished 2009, has not survived. On the site of his birthplace in Ivy Row, Donnington, have been built the apartment blocks Gordon House and Richards House in Cordingley Way, which were officially opened by Richards in 1975.

Within racing, the Gordon Richards Stakes, a Group 3 race at Sandown Park, has been named in his honour.

In 1999, the Racing Post listed him at number 17 in their list of 100 Makers of 20th century horse racing and number 1 in their list of the Top 50 jockeys of the 20th century.

In 2002, Richards' record number of victories in a season was exceeded, by jump jockey Tony McCoy, although McCoy had been able to fly between tracks and was able to compete in more races in the season than was possible in Richards' time. His total of 4,870 winners is still a British record. He also holds the record for the most consecutive winners ridden – 12 (half at a night meeting) – and the record for most years as British flat racing Champion Jockey – 26.

Major wins
 Great Britain
 1000 Guineas Stakes – (3) – Sun Chariot (1942), Queenpot (1948), Belle of All (1951)
 2000 Guineas Stakes – (3) – Pasch (1938), Big Game (1942), Tudor Minstrel (1947)
 Champion Stakes – (5) – Cameronian (1932), Chatelaine (1933), Big Game (1942), Nasrullah (1943), Migoli (1947)
 Coronation Cup – (2) – His Grace (1937), Scottish Union (1939)
 Coronation Stakes – Belle of All (1951)
 Derby Stakes – Pinza (1953)
 Dewhurst Stakes – (6) – Sultan Mohamed (1936), Fettes (1940), Effervescence (1943), Migoli (1946), Royal Forest (1948), Pinza (1952)
 Eclipse Stakes – Pasch (1938)
 Gold Cup – (5) – Felicitation (1934), Owen Tudor (1942), Ujiji (1943), Umiddad (1944), Aquino (1952)
 Goodwood Cup – (2) – Brulette (1932), Loosestrife (1934)
 July Cup – (5) – Myrobella (1933), Abernant (1949), Abernant (1950), Hard Sauce (1951), Devon Vintage (1953)
 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes – Pinza (1953)
 Middle Park Stakes – (6) – Medieval Knight (1933), Scottish Union (1937), Khaled (1945), The Cobbler (1947), Abernant (1948), Royal Challenger (1953)
 Nunthorpe Stakes – (4) – Portobello (1939), Abernant (1949), Abernant (1950), Royal Serenade (1952)
 Oaks Stakes – (2) – Rose of England (1930), Sun Chariot (1942)
 St. James's Palace Stakes – (3) – Tudor Minstrel (1947), Faux Tirage (1949), King's Bench (1952)
 St Leger Stakes – (5) – Singapore (1930), Chulmleigh (1937), Turkhan (1940), Sun Chariot (1942), Tehran (1944)
 Sussex Stakes – (8) – Marconigram (1928), Corpach (1936), Pascal (1937), Radiotherapy (1946), Combat (1947), Krakatao (1949), Le Sage (1951), Agitator (1952)

See also
 List of jockeys

References

English jockeys
Knights Bachelor
People in sports awarded knighthoods
People from Telford
Sportspeople from Shropshire
1904 births
1986 deaths
British Champion flat jockeys

Gordon Richards (jockey)


كاشْمَر هي مدينة في مقاطعة كاشمر، محافظة خراسان الرضوية، إيران. عرفت قدیماً باسم كشمر، ترشیز وسلطان آباد. تقع كاشمر بالقرب من نهر سيش تاراز في الجزء الغربي من المحافظة، وتقع على بعد 217 كم (135 ميل) جنوب عاصمة المحافظة مشهد، وتقع علي شرق مدينة بردسكن، وغرب تربت حيدرية، وجنوب نيسابور، وشمال غناباد. عدد سكان هذه المدينة هو الأمم المتحدة 102,282 (2016). تم تقديمها كمدينة في عام 1348.

تاريخ
وأما اسمها فهو في الأصل كان «كاخجر» ثم تحول إلى كاشخر وبعد ذلك أصبح كاسغر وأخيراً كاشمر، وجزؤها الأول «كاش» هو في الحقيقة يعني «كاج» الذي هو شجر الصنوبر، وقد سميت بذلك لأن زرادشت غرس فيها شجرة صنوبر شاهقة عظيمة، وحسب رأي السكنة المحليين فإن هذه الشجرة كانت موجودة حتى سنة 247 هـ وعمرها آنذاك يناهو 1405 عام لكن الخليفة المتوكل العباسي أمر بقطعها. ومنذ دخول الإسلام في إيران وحتى الآونة الأخيرة كانت تسمى ترشيز لكن اسم تغير في العصر الدولة البهلوية في عهد رضا شاه أعيد اسمها السابق الموروث عن الأسلاف. تأريخ هذه المدينة عريق، حاله حال تاريخ سائر المدن التراثية القديمة في إيران ومنطقة خراسان؛ فهو حافل بالأحداث والوقائع الهامة على مر العصور، حيث توالت على إدارتها العديد من الحكومات. وفي إمبراطورية المغول تعرضت للدمار جراء هجمات تيمورلنك وجيشه، وتجدر الإشارة إلى أنها استوطنت في العهد العباسي من قبل بعض القبائل العربية الذين تسببوا بأحداث وتغييرات في واقعها طوال فترة تواجدهم هناك.

هدايا تذكارية
الهدايا التذكارية الرئيسية لهذه المدينة هي سجاد إيراني وزبيب وعنب وزعفران وفواكه جافة وصان الحلويات.

الأماكن التاريخية والمعالم السياحية

 قبر بير قوجد
 الجامع الكبير كاشمر
 خان أمين التجار
 ضريح حسن المدرس
 طاحونة مائية طلا أباد
 طاحونة مائية جردوك
 قلعة أتشغاه
 قلعة ريغ
 قلعة كاشمر
 قلعة كهنة زندة جان
 مرقد حمزة الكاظم
 مرقد مرتضى الكاظم
 مرقد محمد
 مسجد حاجي جلال
 منزل دانش
 مدرسة الحاج سلطان العلماء
 صهريج حاجي نظام
 يخجال كاشمر

العملية العسكرية
 إنزال طائرة RQ-170 الأمريكية في إيران

أعلام

 منوتشهر إقبال
 علي رضا فغاني

مناخ
تصنيف كوبن للمناخ مناخه على أنه مناخ شبه قاحل (BSk).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة كاشمر
ربع نيسابور
مدن أخمينية
مدن إيران
مدن إيرانية قديمة
مدن فرثية
مدن ساسانية
مدن محافظة خراسان الرضوية
مدن مقدسة
مدن مقدسة عند الشيعة
مقاطعة كاشمر

كاشمر


Voyage foi um canal de televisão francês dedicado à lazer e turismo, de propriedade da Fox Networks Group desde 2004. Sua sede ocupava o antigo escritório do canal La Cinq, no 241 Boulevard Pereire em Paris.

História
O canal foi lançado pelo provedor Canal Satellite em 31 de maio de 1996. Em maio de 1997, foi adquirido pela Pathé, que o vendeu em 2004 para a Fox Networks Group. Após a aquisição da Fox Networks Group pela Disney, o canal encerrou suas transmissões em 31 de dezembro de 2020.

Extinções na França em 2020
Canais de televisão extintos em 2020
Canais de televisão Disney
Canais de televisão fundados em 1996
Canais de televisão de língua francesa

Voyage (canal de televisão)


Culhuacán es un topónimo náhuatl que significa 'En el cerro curvado' o 'Lugar de los que adoran a Coltzin'. Es el nombre de:

Culhuacán, altépetl mesoamericano fundado en 670 d. C.
Pueblo Culhuacán, uno de los dieciséis pueblos originarios de Iztapalapa (México).
San Simón Culhuacán, uno de los barrios de Pueblo Culhuacán.
San Juan Culhuacán, uno de los barrios de Pueblo Culhuacán.
Los Reyes Culhuacán, uno de los dieciséis pueblos originarios de Iztapalapa.
San Francisco Culhuacán, uno de los ocho pueblos originarios de Coyoacán (México).
Santa Ana Culhuacán, uno de los barrios de San Francisco Culhuacán.
La Magdalena Culhuacán, uno de los barrios de San Francisco Culhuacán.
Unidad Habitacional CTM Culhuacán, conjunto urbano en Coyoacán.
Los Culhuacanes, una de las tres direcciones territoriales de Coyoacán.
ESIME Culhuacán, campus académico del Instituto Politécnico Nacional.
Culhuacán, estación de la línea 12 del metro de la Ciudad de México.

Culhuacán (desambiguación)


Seyyid Şerif Cürcânî (24 Şubat 1340 - 6 Temmuz 1413), Fars fıkıh, kelâm ve Arap dili bilgini.

Seyid Şerif olarak da tanınmış ve bilinmiştir. Timur'un Şiraz'ı ele geçirdiğinde Curcani'yi Semerkand'a göndermiş ve orada Sadeddin Teftâzânî ile yaptığı ilmî bir tartışmadaki  başarısı nedeniyle dikkatleri üzerine çekmiştir. Kendi dönemlerinde her iki âlim de etkin isimlerdir. Ölümlerinden sonra diğer ilim adamları Teftâzânî ve Curcânî taraftarları olarak ikiye bölünmüşlerdir. İslam tarihinde müteahhirin olarak adlandırılan dönem Teftâzânî ile başlatılmış ve Curcânî ile devam etmiştir.

Felsefesi
Curcânî, önemli felsefi çalışmalarını diğer İslam bilginlerinin görüşlerini tenkit ve yapıtlarını şerh ederken geliştirmiştir. Tâ'rifât adında felsefe sözlüğü denilebilecek bir kitabı vardır. Bu kitapta, genellikle kelamcıların ve İslam filozoflarının görüşlerini ortaya koyduktan ve bunlar hakkında eleştiri ve sorgulamalarını yürüttükten sonra, kendi düşüncelerini belirtme yolunu seçmiştir.

Mevâkıf, Adududdîn el-Îcî'nin kitabı olup Curcânî tarafından şerh edilmiştir. Bu şerh o kadar şöhret kazanmıştır ki kitabın kendisinden daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Bilim konusundaysa Fahreddin Râzî'yi tenkit etmiş ve ona karşı argümanlar geliştirmiştir. Râzî, kendi varlığımız hakkındaki bilgilerimizi zorunlu bilgiler olarak kabul ederken, Curcânî buna itiraz eder. Bilimin zorunlu kesinliği ve göreliliği arasındaki tartışmada ise Gazali'nin düşüncelerini tenkit eder. Curcânî birçok düşüncenin eleştirisinden sonra, kendi uygun bilim ya da bilgi anlayışını öne sürer ki; buna göre bilim hakikattir, yani bilim belirli bir durumda anlamlar arasındaki çatışmanın aşılması ve çelişikliğe son verilmesini gerektirir. Ona göre şüphe bilimin tanımının dışında kalmaktadır ve kalmalıdır. Ancak başka bir noktadan, tasarımların niteliği noktasından şüpheyi bilime sokmaktadır.

Bunlara bağlı olarak Curcânî aynı yaklaşım biçimiyle, yani bilgelerin öğretilerini açıklayıp özetlemek, eleştirisini yapmak ve ardından kendi düşüncelerini belirtmek biçimiyle, bilgi teorisi, öznelik, varlık, kuram, bilinç konularında açıklamalar getirir. Bu düşüncelerin genel anlamda zamanımızdaki yeni pozitivist bilim anlayışına ve bazı bilim felsefecilerinin tanımına yakın nitelikte olduğu belirtilmektedir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Bilim felsefesi
 Gazali
 Bilgi teorisi
 Kelam
 Meşşailik

Kaynakça

İslam filozofları
1340 doğumlular
1413 yılında ölenler
Fars fıkıh âlimleri
Fars kelâm bilginleri
Arap dilbilimciler

Seyyid Şerif Cürcânî


Smoking Room est un film espagnol réalisé par Roger Gual et Julio D. Wallovits, sorti en 2002.

Synopsis
La filiale espagnole d'une société américaine est contrainte d'interdire le tabac dans ses bureaux. Ceux qui veulent fumer pendant les heures de travail doivent le faire dans la rue. Ramírez, l'un des employés, commence à recueillir des signatures pour qu'un bureau inoccupé soit utilisé comme fumoir. En principe, tout le monde semble d'accord, mais au moment de vérité, ils trouvent toutes sortes d'excuses pour ne pas figurer sur cette liste.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Smoking Room
 Réalisation : Roger Gual et Julio D. Wallovits
 Scénario : Roger Gual et Julio D. Wallovits
 Photographie : Cobi Migliora
 Montage : David Gallart
 Production : Adolfo Blanco et Quique Camín (producteurs délégués)
 Société de production : El Sindicato, Ovídeo TV, Planeta 2010 et Smoking Room S.L.
 Pays :
 Genre : Drame
 Durée : 88 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :

Distribution
 Eduard Fernández : Ramírez
 Juan Diego : Sotomayor
 Ulises Dumont : Armero
 Pep Molina : Gómez
 Francesc Orella : Martínez
 Francesc Garrido : Fernández
 Manuel Morón : Rubio
 Antonio Dechent : Enrique
 Chete Lera : Puig
 Vicky Peña : Marta
 Juan Loriente : Coral
 Miguel Ángel González : El Mensajero

Distinctions
Le film a été nommé pour deux prix Goya et a reçu le prix Goya du meilleur nouveau réalisateur.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film espagnol sorti en 2002
Film dramatique espagnol
Premier long métrage sorti en 2002
Film sur le monde du travail
Tabac

Smoking Room


The Cascade Tunnel refers to two railroad tunnels, its original tunnel and its replacement, in the northwest United States, east of the Seattle metropolitan area in the Cascade Range of Washington, at Stevens Pass. It is approximately  east of Everett, with both portals adjacent to  Both single-track tunnels were constructed by the Great Northern Railway.

The first was  in length and opened in 1900 to avoid problems caused by heavy winter snowfalls on the original line that had eight zig zags (switchbacks). The current tunnel is  in length and entered service in early  approximately  south of and  lower in elevation than the original. The present east portal is nearly  east of the original and is at  above sea level,  below the pass. The tunnel connects Berne in Chelan County on its east with Scenic Hot Springs in King County on its west and is the longest railroad tunnel in the United States.

History

Original tunnel

The first tunnel began construction on August 20, 1897, and was completed on December 20, 1900. The tunnel was  long. John Frank Stevens was the principal engineer on the interim switchback route (opened in 1893, with grades up to 4 percent) and the first Cascade Tunnel. Stevens Pass, located above the tunnels, was named after him.

The tunnel had a fume problem from the coal-burning steam locomotives.  It was built with a 1.7% (1:58.8) gradient eastbound, which was too close to the ruling gradient of 2.2%. Because of the steepness of the line, the locomotives had to pull hard to make the grade and thus burn more coal, which would lead to immense smoke in the bore. The tunnel was electrified, with the project completed on July 10, 1909, eliminating the problem. The unusual system used was three-phase AC, 6600 volts at 25 Hz, from a 5 MW hydroelectric plant on the Wenatchee River just west of Leavenworth. The tunnel section only was electrified;  or  and 1.7 percent grade through the tunnel chamber.

The motive power for the section consisted of four GN boxcab locomotives supplied by the American Locomotive Company; they used electrical equipment from General Electric and were of  and weighed  each. Initially three locomotives were coupled together and hauled trains at a constant speed of , but when larger trains required four locomotives the motors were concatenated (cascade control), so that the speed was halved to  to avoid overloading the power supply. The consulting engineer, Cary T. Hutchinson, published a detailed description of the system in 1909.

The tunnel was still plagued by snow slides in the area. On March 1, 1910, an avalanche at Wellington (renamed Tye after the disaster) near the west portal of the original  Cascade Tunnel, killed 96-101 people, the deadliest avalanche disaster in U.S. history. This disaster prompted the construction of the current tunnel.

The old tunnel was abandoned in 1929, after the new longer and lower tunnel was opened. During the winter of 2007–2008, a section of the roof caved in and created a debris dam inside the tunnel, making it impassable to pedestrians due to standing water and ceiling debris. A warning was issued to stay clear of the western side of the old tunnel for a distance of  for the indeterminate future.

Current tunnel

The new Cascade Tunnel was opened on January 12, 1929. The new line had  or  electrified,  between Skykomish and Wenatchee. The ruling grade was still 2.2 percent, although  of 2 percent or worse grade was eliminated. The line length was reduced by , and maximum elevation was lowered by  from  to .

The new tunnel was started in December 1925, and was built in just over three years by A. Guthrie of St. Paul, Minnesota; the aim was to finish by the winter of 1928–1929 so that further maintenance on deteriorating snow sheds could be avoided.  Project manager and engineer Frederick Mears was assigned to make sure the project was completed.

While the new tunnel was being constructed, the Great Northern received delivery of five new electric locomotives.  The new locomotives had a motor-generator supplying DC traction motors, and the single-phase AC supply required only one instead of two overhead conductors.  Hence, the Great Northern re-electrified  of the original route at single-phase (11 kV, 25 Hz) AC, including  that were subsequently abandoned upon completion of the new tunnel, and used steam locomotives on the short remaining stretches of the old line.

On March 5, 1927, the three-phase electrification was abandoned, and the new locomotives were placed in service between Skykomish and the east portal of the old tunnel; the time was reduced from 4 hours for a  eastbound train to 1 hour 45 minutes for a  train.  Furthermore, for the first time regenerated power could be used by another train or fed back to the utility company (power from regenerative braking was previously dissipated in a water rheostat at the power station).

Two years later, the new tunnel opened. It was the longest railroad tunnel in the Americas until 1989, when the Mount Macdonald Tunnel in British Columbia was completed, moving the Cascade into second place.

Electrification was removed in 1956, after a ventilation system was installed to eliminate diesel fumes.

On April 4, 1996 an eastbound freight train broke through the doors at the east portal after they did not open properly.  There were no injuries, but the broken doors slowed operations for a couple of days while replacement doors were brought up from the Seattle area.

Operations

The current Cascade Tunnel is in full operation and receives regular maintenance from BNSF Railway. The new alignment is a straight-line tunnel running between Berne and Scenic Hot Springs. It is currently part of the BNSF Scenic Subdivision between Seattle and Wenatchee, and Amtrak's Empire Builder runs through it. Because of safety and ventilation issues, this tunnel is a limiting factor on how many trains the railroad can operate over this route from Seattle to Spokane. The current limit is 28 trains per day. Speed through the tunnel is 30 mph (48 km/h) for passenger trains, 25 mph (40 km/h) for freight trains.

The gradient in this tunnel is 1.565% (1:64), with the rise from west to east. The gradient is 2.2% on the west side from the town of Skykomish. Most recently, telecommunications assets and track sections inside the tunnel were improved.

Ventilation operations
Because of the length of the tunnel, an unusual system is used to ensure that the air inside remains breathable and reduce problems with excess fumes. As a train enters the west portal of the tunnel, a red-and-white-checkered door closes on the east portal and huge fans blow in cool air through a second portal to help the diesel engines. As long as the train is within the tunnel, the fans work with reduced power to avoid pressure problems. When the train is  to the tunnel exit, the door opens in earnest.

Once the train has cleared the tunnel, the door closes again and the fans operate for 20 to 30 minutes with maximum power to clear the tunnel of exhaust before the next train passes through. In the opposite direction, the door opens when the train is within . The fans are powered by two  electric motors, clearing the air through the  of tunnel within 20 minutes. Present-day train crews carry portable respirators for use in the event of a fan failure or a train stalling inside the tunnel. In addition, there are emergency/safety stations spaced  apart, depending on the location within the tunnel, that provide additional air tanks and equipment to be used in the event of a ventilation/other failure.

The tunnel door is protected by an absolute signal near the east portal; on the west side, another signal with dual-flashing lunar aspects indicates to eastbound trains that the tunnel fans are operating.

See also

 Flathead Tunnel, an active tunnel in Montana also built by the Great Northern
 GN W-1, large electric locomotives used on the Cascade Tunnel route.
 Lists of tunnels
 Moffat Tunnel, a similar railroad tunnel in Colorado.
 Mount Macdonald Tunnel, a similar railroad tunnel in British Columbia.
 Otira Tunnel, a tunnel in New Zealand with similar characteristics.
 Snoqualmie Tunnel − Milwaukee Road near Snoqualmie Pass (inactive, now a rail trail)
 Stampede Tunnel − Northern Pacific at Stampede Pass

Notes

References

External links

 Scientific American n.s. v.137 1927. Scientific American, July 1927 - America's Longest Tunnel.
 University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Lee Pickett Photographs Over 1400 photographs documenting scenes from Snohomish, King and Chelan Counties in Washington State from the early 1900s to the 1940s. Includes images of the Cascade Tunnel construction.
 Cascade Tunnel # 15 — Pictures and details of the "Fanhouse" at the east portal of the tunnel
 Radio Broadcast of the 1929 Cascade Tunnel Dedication
 illustrated description of the construction of the second Cascade tunnel

Railroad tunnels in Washington (state)
Great Northern Railway (U.S.) tunnels
BNSF Railway tunnels
Transportation buildings and structures in Chelan County, Washington
Electric railways in Washington (state)
Transportation buildings and structures in King County, Washington
Tunnels completed in 1900
Tunnels completed in 1929
Railways with Zig Zags

Cascade Tunnel


Svölur (fræðiheiti: Hirundinidae) eru ætt fugla sem finnast í öllum heimsálfum. Þó verpa þær ekki á Suðurskautslandinu. Þeim er skipt í 19 ættkvíslir og er fjölbreytnin mest í Afríku. Svölur hafa þróast til að veiða skordýr með straumlínulaga líkama og oddhvassa vængi sem hjálpa til við mikla flugfimi og þol.

Svölur hafa verpt á Íslandi. Landsvala er algengasti flækingurinn á Íslandi.

Spörfuglar
Svöluætt

Svöluætt


Baudenkmäler nach Ortsteilen

Offenberg

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Aschenau

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Buchberg

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Finsing

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Himmelberg

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Hubing

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Kleinschwarzach

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Neuhausen

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Penzenried

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Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Offenberg

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

!
Offenberg
Baudenkmaler Offenberg

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Offenberg


Sirk (ungarisch Szirk) ist eine Gemeinde in der Mitte der Slowakei, mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) und liegt im Okres Revúca, einem Kreis des Banskobystrický kraj.

Geographie
Die Gemeinde liegt inmitten des Berglands Revúcka vrchovina (Teil des Slowakischen Erzgebirges) am Bach Východný Turiec, einem der Zuflüsse von Turiec. Östlich des Ortes erhebt sich der Hausberg Železník (). Das Ortszentrum liegt auf einer Höhe von  und ist 18 Kilometer von Revúca und 33 Kilometer von Rimavská Sobota gelegen (Straßenentfernung).

Verwaltungstechnisch gliedert sich die Gemeinde in die Ortsteile Červeňany, Sirk und Železník.

Geschichte
Der Ort wurde zum ersten Mal 1421 als Chyrk schriftlich erwähnt und war anfangs eine gemischte Siedlung für Holzfäller und Bergleute. Schon damals wurden die örtlichen Eisenerzvorräte gefördert. Im Zeitraum 1440–1465 waren die Hussiten, die den nahen Burg Muráň kontrollierten, anwesend. 1555–1566 wurde der Ort von den Türken geplündert und niedergebrannt. Wie das gesamte Herrschaftsgut der Burg Muráň wechselte Sirk Besitzer, wie Rothtal, Széchy, Csáky und schließlich Sturmann. Noch 1720 war Sirk mit 14 Familien nur ein kleiner Ort, danach begann aber die Entwicklung von Bergbau und Hüttenwesen. In der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts erreichte der Bergbau seinen Höhenpunkt, mit großen Eisenerz-Bergwerken, Öfen und dazugehörenden Siedlung am Hang von Železník, zumeist in den Händen der Rimamurány-Gesellschaft. 1902 wurde noch Magnesitvorkommen entdeckt, die aber man nur in kurzen Zeiträumen gefördert hatte. Bis zum Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs und Zerfall von Österreich-Ungarn gab es in den Bergwerke zahlreiche Streiks gegen die Ausbeutung durch die Aufsicht. Trotz entwickelter Infrastruktur wurde 1965 der ganze Komplex stillgelegt.

Bevölkerung
Ergebnisse nach der Volkszählung 2001 (1044 Einwohner):

Sehenswürdigkeiten

 evangelische Kirche von 1785
 Hochofen in Červeňany, technisches Denkmal

Weblinks

Ort in der Slowakei
Ersterwähnung 1421

Sirk