Shapinsay (, ) is one of the Orkney Islands off the north coast of mainland Scotland. There is one village on the island, Balfour, from which roll-on/roll-off car ferries sail to Kirkwall on the Orkney Mainland. Balfour Castle, built in the Scottish Baronial style, is one of the island's most prominent features, a reminder of the Balfour family's domination of Shapinsay during the 18th and 19th centuries; the Balfours transformed life on the island by introducing new agricultural techniques. Other landmarks include a standing stone, an Iron Age broch, a souterrain and a salt-water shower.

With an area of , Shapinsay is the eighth largest island in the Orkney archipelago. It is low-lying and fertile, consequently most of the area is given over to farming. Shapinsay has two nature reserves and is notable for its bird life.

At the 2011 census, Shapinsay had a population of 307. The economy of the island is primarily based on agriculture with the exception of a few small businesses that are largely tourism-related. Plans for the construction of a wind turbine are under consideration.

Etymology
Unlike most of the larger Orkney islands, the derivation of the name 'Shapinsay' is not obvious. The final 'ay' is from the Old Norse for island, but the first two syllables are more difficult to interpret. Haswell-Smith (2004) suggests the root may be hjalpandis-øy (helpful island) owing to the presence of a good harbour, although anchorages are plentiful in the archipelago. The first written record dates from 1375 in a reference to Scalpandisay, which may suggest a derivation from Judge's island. Another suggestion is Hyalpandi's island, although no one of that name is known to be associated with Shapinsay.

History

Early history

Standing stones provide evidence of the island's human occupation since Neolithic times. According to Tacitus, the Roman general Agricola subdued the inhabitants of the Orkney Islands, and a local legend holds that he landed on Shapinsay. During the 18th century, a croft named Grukalty was renamed Agricola (which is also Latin for "farmer"). Roman coins have been found on Shapinsay, but they may have been brought to the island by traders.

Shapinsay is briefly mentioned in the Norse sagas. The Saga of Haakon Haakonsson states that Haakon IV of Norway anchored in Elwick Bay before sailing south to eventual defeat at the Battle of Largs.

18th century

The 18th century saw the beginnings of change to agriculture on Shapinsay, courtesy of the Balfour family. The family owned the estate of Sound, which covered the western part of the island. Sound had passed from the Tulloch family to the Buchanan family in 1627. John Buchanan was a royal servant and his wife Margaret Hartsyde was from a Kirkwall family.

In 1674, Arthur Buchanan built the house of Sound, where Balfour Castle now stands. His granddaughter married James Fea, who is best known for his role in the capture of the Orkney Pirate John Gow. Fea was a supporter of the Jacobite rising of 1715, and the house was burned by Hanoverian troops in revenge. The estate was acquired by Andrew Ross, Stewart Depute in Orkney of the Earl of Morton. Ross's heirs, the Lindsay brothers, sold the estate to Thomas Balfour in 1782. Balfour had previously rented the Bu of Burray, a large manor farm on another Orkney island, but had insufficient wealth to acquire the estate even though his wife had inherited a legacy on the death of her aristocratic brother. To raise the necessary funds, Balfour had to sell his military commission and borrow from his brother, John, who was prospering in India with the East India Company. Once installed on the island, he built a new house, Cliffdale, and founded the village of Shoreside, now known as Balfour. He also reformed the local agriculture, enclosing fields and constructing farm buildings.

William Irving was born c. 1740 in the small hamlet of Quholm in the northeast of the island. He became a sailor before emigrating to New York in 1763. One of his sons was Washington Irving, author of Rip van Winkle and the first American author to gain international recognition.

Marjory Meason, a native of Shapinsay, was the last person to be executed in Orkney, in 1728. She was a young servant, hanged in Kirkwall for the murder of a child. The execution is recorded as requiring 24 armed men, not including officers, and costing £15 8s.

During this period, burning kelp was a mainstay of the island economy. More than  of burned seaweed were produced per annum to make soda ash, bringing in £20,000 for the inhabitants. Thomas Balfour's income from the kelp industry brought him four times the income that farming did.

19th century

The 19th century saw more radical change in Shapinsay. Thomas Balfour's grandson, David Balfour, transformed the island after inheriting the family estate, which by 1846 encompassed the whole of Shapinsay. Most of the land was divided into fields of , a feature that is still apparent today. Tenants were required to enclose and drain the land or pay for the estate to do it in the form of a surcharge added to their rents. In 1846,  on Shapinsay consisted of arable land. By 1860, that had trebled to more than . New crops and breeds of cattle and sheep were also introduced. Balfour's reforms were described as "the fountain and source of Orkney Improvement."

Balfour also gave the island its most noticeable landmark when he recruited an Edinburgh architect, David Bryce, to transform Cliffdale House into the Scottish Baronial Balfour Castle. Other buildings he added to the island include the porter's lodge (now a public house called The Gatehouse), a water mill, a school, and a gasworks that remained operational until the 1920s. The gasworks is in the form of a round tower with a corbelled parapet of red brick and carved stones—including one possibly removed from Noltland Castle on Westray, which is inscribed with the year 1725. The structure appears to be fortified, in accordance with Balfour's intention to give the village a medieval appearance. David Balfour was also responsible for the construction of Mill Dam, a wetland which was once the water supply for the mill and is now an RSPB nature reserve.

Fishing for herring and cod also grew in importance during the 19th century. Herring fishing was expanding generally in Scotland at that time, with fishing stations being set up in remote areas. Herring fishing began in 1814 on Stronsay and soon spread throughout the Orkney Islands. By the middle of the century, Shapinsay had 50 herring boats. Cod became important largely because the Napoleonic Wars forced English fishing boats to fish further north. Local fishermen, who had been catching fish using lines from small boats for centuries, also began trawling for cod. However, this was largely a part-time venture, unlike in Shetland, where many inhabitants made a living from fishing. A saying originating from this time states, "a Shetlander is a fisherman with a croft, while an Orcadian is a farmer with a boat." Consequently, fishermen from outside the Orkney Islands earned a large share of the profits. Helliar Holm's beaches were used to dry both herring and cod after they had been salted. With the end of the Napoleonic Wars, which led to cheaper sources of soda ash becoming available from continental Europe, the kelp industry collapsed by 1830. This collapse helped fuel agricultural reform, as crofters accustomed to earning a second income had to now earn more from farming.

20th century

The Balfour estate sold its farms on Shapinsay between 1924 and 1928. This was a common occurrence in Orkney at the time as wealthy landowners moved to more lucrative forms of investment. Farms were generally sold to the sitting tenant or to their neighbours who wished to expand.

The 20th century saw many changes in farming on Shapinsay. Mechanised implements came to the island, particularly after the Second World War. In common with the rest of Orkney, the amount of land given over to growing grass increased. The growing of grain (with the exception of barley) and turnips steadily declined as these were replaced as winter fodder for livestock by silage, usually harvested by mechanical forage harvesters.

Orkney was a strategic site during both World Wars, and Shapinsay was no exception. In 1917, during the First World War, the  Swiftsure was hit by a mine 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of Haco's Ness and sank in 19 metres (62 ft) of water with the loss of a single life. The site of the wreck was not discovered until 1997.

During the Second World War, gun batteries were built on the island. A twin six pounder emplacement at Galtness Battery on the coast at Salt Ness protected the Wide Firth from German torpedo boats. A Castle Battery was operational from 1941 to 1943, as was an anti-aircraft battery. Mains electricity arrived on Shapinsay in the 1970s, when an underwater cable was laid from Kirkwall.

The trend towards more intensive farming began to be partially reversed by the end of the century as more environmentally friendly practices were encouraged by government and European Union grants. For example, Richard Zawadzki, owner of Balfour Mains (the largest farm on the island), ceased to breed livestock (instead keeping animals bred elsewhere) and grew less grain (some barley is still grown on the farm). Instead, some of the land is now managed under a Habitat Creation Scheme, which aims to encourage natural vegetation, wild flowers and nesting birds by limiting grazing and reducing the use of chemical fertilisers.

Tourism started to become important in the latter half of the century; the first restaurant to incorporate bed and breakfast facilities opened in 1980.

Geography

With an area of , Shapinsay is the 8th largest Orkney island and the 29th largest Scottish island. The highest point of Ward Hill is  above sea level. The east coast is composed of low cliffs and has several sea caves, including the picturesque geo at the extreme northern tip known as Geo of Ork. Elwick Bay is a sheltered anchorage on the south coast, facing the Orkney mainland; the island's largest settlement, Balfour, is at the western end of the bay.

The island has several ayres, or storm beaches, which form narrow spits of shingle or sand cutting across the landward and seaward ends of shallow bays. They can sometimes cut off a body of water from the sea, forming shallow freshwater lochs known as oyces. Examples include Vasa Loch and Lairo Water.

There are several small islands in the vicinity including Broad Shoal, Grass Holm and Skerry of Vasa. Helliar Holm is a tidal islet at the eastern entrance to the main harbour at Balfour; it has a small lighthouse and a ruined broch. The String, a stretch of water that lies between Helliar Holm and the mainland, has strong tidal currents.

Geology

In common with most of the Orkney isles, Shapinsay has a bedrock formed from Old Red Sandstone, which is approximately 400 million years old and was laid down in the Devonian period. These thick deposits accumulated as earlier Silurian rocks, uplifted by the formation of Pangaea, eroded and then deposited into river deltas. The freshwater Lake Orcadie existed on the edges of these eroding mountains, stretching from Shetland to the southern Moray Firth. The composition of Shapinsay is mostly of the Rousay flagstone group from the Lower Middle Devonian, with some Eday flagstone in the southeast formed in wetter conditions during the later Upper Devonian. The latter is regarded as a better quality building material than the former. At Haco's Ness in the south east corner of the island is a small outcrop of amygdaloidal diabase. The island is overlain with a fertile layer of boulder clay formed during the Pleistocene glaciations.

Flora and fauna

The island's bird life is particularly rich in waders such as curlew and redshank, found at The Ouse and Veantro Bay, and gull and tern colonies on the rockier shores and cliffs. Pintail, shovelers and whooper swans are regular summer visitors, and there are also breeding populations of shelducks, hen harriers and Arctic skuas. There is an introduced population of red-legged partridges. Otters can be seen at the Ouse, Lairo Water and Vasa Loch, and at various places around the coast along with common seals and Atlantic grey seals. There are plans to build a hide to allow visitors to observe seals without disturbing them. Shapinsay and Hoy are the only two larger Orkney islands that lack the Orkney vole (Microtus arvalis orcadensis). Wildflowers abound in the summer, and the lichen Melaspilea interjecta, which is endemic to Scotland, is found in only three locations, including Shapinsay. In addition to the RSPB reserve at Mill Dam there is a Scottish Wildlife Trust reserve at East Hill in the southeast.

Demography

The highest recorded population for Shapinsay is 974, in 1881. Since then, the population of the island has steadily declined; less than a third of that number was recorded in the 2001 census. The rate of absolute population loss was lower in the last decades of the 20th century than it had been in the first half of that century. In 2001, Shapinsay had a population of 300, a decline of 6.8% from 322 in 1991. This was greater than the population decline for Orkney overall in the same period, which was 1.9%. However, the loss in population on Shapinsay was less than that experienced by most Orkney islands, most of which experienced declines of more than 10%. The number of persons per hectare on Shapinsay was 0.1, similar to the 0.2 persons per hectare across Orkney. At the time of the 2011 census the usually resident population had increased to 307. During the same period Scottish island populations as a whole grew by 4% to 103,702.

Of the island's 300 inhabitants recorded in 2001, 283 were born in the United Kingdom (227 in Scotland and 56 in England). Seventeen were born outside the United Kingdom (four elsewhere in Europe, four in Asia, four in North America, one in South America and four in Oceania). By age group, 85 of the inhabitants were under 30 years of age, 134 were aged between 30 and 59, and 71 were age 60 and over.

Notable buildings

Balfour Castle dominates views of the southwest of the island and can be seen from the tower of St. Magnus Cathedral in Kirkwall. The castle library features a secret passage hidden behind a false set of bookshelves. The Balfours escaped unwelcome visitors through this passageway, which leads to the conservatory door, enabling the butler to truthfully tell visitors that the Balfours were not in the house. Another feature of the castle is the stags' heads with gaslights at the tips of their antlers, although these are no longer used as working lights. The castle grounds feature deciduous woodland (now rare in Orkney) and  of walled gardens. Though built around an older structure that dates at least from the 18th century, the present castle was built in 1847, commissioned by Colonel David Balfour, and designed by Edinburgh architect David Bryce.

Other buildings constructed by David Balfour include the Dishan Tower, known locally as The Douche. This is a saltwater shower building with a dovecote on top. A local landmark due to its high visibility when approaching the island by sea, the building is now in a serious state of disrepair, with roofing slates missing and the dovecote in danger of collapsing.

A more ancient dwelling on Shapinsay is the Iron Age Broch of Burroughston. Only the interior of this partially buried building has been excavated, allowing visitors to look down into the broch from the surrounding mound. The surviving drystone walls rise to about three metres (10 ft) and are more than four metres (13 ft) thick in some places.

The broch shows more evidence of David Balfour's influence on Shapinsay. He arranged for the site to be excavated by the archaeologists George Petrie and Sir William Dryden in 1861. The site was neglected after the excavation, slowly filling up with vegetation and rubble before being cleared in 1994.

Shapinsay Heritage Centre is located in Balfour's former smithy, along with a craft shop and a cafe. The castle's former gatehouse is now the village public house.

Economy

In common with the other Orkney islands, Shapinsay is fertile agricultural land, with farms specialising in beef and lamb which export thousands of cattle and sheep annually. Orkney Ferries provides transport for pedestrians and vehicles, proximity to Kirkwall permitting closer contacts with the Orkney Mainland than is possible for most of the other North Isles. There are six crossings per day, the journey lasting about 25 minutes, which allows for a moderate amount of commuting. Between 1893 and 1964, the island was served by the steamer Iona. Since 1964, the Klydon and then the Clytus have operated the service; the current ferry is the . The Orkney Islands Council has considered building a tunnel to the Orkney Mainland. Balfour Castle was run as a hotel by the family of Captain Tadeusz Zawadzki, a Polish cavalry officer, but is now in use as a private house.

The Shapinsay development trust is working on the island's community plan, and owns the island's wind turbine, which was completed in August 2011 after the community voted for its construction. According to the development trust, the turbine could earn more than £5 million during its 25-year lifetime.

Small businesses on Shapinsay include a jam and chutney manufacturer, which uses traditional methods, and a studio offering residential arts courses such as stained glass crafting.

Education and culture
Shapinsay has a primary school, which in the 2006–7 academic year had 26 pupils. Before 1995, the island also had a secondary school but lost this because of falling enrolment and improved transport links with Kirkwall, to where Shapinsay secondary pupils now travel. The school doubles as a community centre and is host to a learning centre supported by the UHI Millennium Institute. This centre uses the internet, email and video-conferencing to allow students in Shapinsay to study without leaving the island.

In December 2006, the pupils staged a joint Christmas show with a school in Grinder, Norway,  from Shapinsay. The schools used the internet to collaborate, supported by BT Group (BT), which upgraded the school's broadband connection. The finale of the show involved the Norwegian pupils singing Away in a Manger in English while the Shapinsay pupils responded with En Stjerne Skinner I Natt in Norwegian. This multilingual collaboration was somewhat easier for the Grinder pupils, who are taught English from the age of six. This collaboration was part of an ongoing relationship between the schools, whose children exchange letters and cards. Shapinsay school's headteacher has visited the Norwegian school, and there are plans for a reciprocal visit in 2008.

Shapinsay Community School has gained a Silver Award under the international Eco-Schools programme. School pupils have carried out an energy audit, helped to plant more than 600 trees close to the school and carried out energy saving campaigns. Shapinsay pupils have also won an award from the Scottish Crofters Commission for producing a booklet on crofting on the island.

Folklore
Cubbie Roo, the best known Orcadian giant, has a presence on Shapinsay. He was originally based on the historical figure Kolbein Hrúga, who built Cubbie Roo's Castle in 1150 on the isle of Wyre, which is possibly the oldest castle in Scotland, and was mentioned in the Orkneyinga Saga. However, the figure Cubbie Roo has departed far from his historical origins and has become a giant in the fashion that Finn MacCool (legendary builder of the Giant's Causeway) has in parts of Scotland and Ireland. He is said to have lived on the island of Wyre and used Orkney's islands as stepping stones. Many large stones on Orkney islands, including Shapinsay, are said to have been thrown or left there by the giant. Cubbie Roo's Burn is a waterway on Shapinsay that flows through a channel called Trolldgeo. Cubbie Roo's Lade is a pile of stones on the shore near Rothiesholm Head, the westmost point of Stronsay. This is supposedly the beginning of a bridge between the two islands that the giant had failed to complete. The name derives from the Old Norse trolla-hlad, meaning "giant's causeway".

In 1905, The Orcadian newspaper reported that a strange creature had been seen off the coast of Shapinsay. It was reportedly the size of a horse, with a spotted body covered in scales. Opinion on the creature's origin was divided, with some islanders believing it to be a sea serpent, while others opined that it was merely a large seal.

See also

 List of islands of Scotland

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

 Shapinsay Development Trust
 Shapinsay Tourism Group

Islands of the Orkney Islands

Shapinsay


ගුඩු විදීම යනු, ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ළමුන් අතර කුඩා ලී කෝටුවක් තවත් කෝටුවක් අධාරයෙන් ඇතට විදීමෙන් කරන සෙල්ලමකි. එසේ විදින ලද කුඩා කෝටුව කිසියම් අයෙක් විසින් අල්ලා ගත හොත් එම විදීම කළ තැනැත්තා දැවී යාම සිදුවෙයි. කිසියම් කෙනකුට එම කෝටු කැබැල්ල අල්ලාගත නොහැකි වුවහොත්, විදීම කළ තැනට ඇති දුර අත තිබෙන දිගු කෝටුවෙන් මනිනු ලැබේ. වැඩිම දුරක් කෝටුව විදීම සිදුකල තැනැත්තා තරගය අවසානයේ ජයග්‍රහණය කරනු ලැබේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

සෙල්ලම්

ගුඩු විදීම


Datsun Cherry, ulterior Nissan Cherry (チェリー) a fost o serie de mașini subcompacte produse de către Nissan Motors Co. între 1971 și 1986.

Proeictul inițial a aparținut companiei Prince Motor Works care a apărut la începutul aniilor 1960, iar proiectul a fost preulat de către Nissan odată cu unificarea celor 2 companii în 1966. În 1970 proiectul a fost terminat, fiind pregătit de lansare.

Prima generație (E10, 1971-1977)

Prima generație a fost lansată în Octombrie 1970 în Japonia, iar în 1971 în Europa. A fost prima mașină care a avut o suspensie independentă produsă de către Nissan. Era dotată cu 2 tipuri de motoare I4, unul de 988 cc și altul de 1171 cc. În septembrie 1971 a apărut și versiunea Coupé, iar în martie 1972 apare versiunea break. În iunie 1972 se aplică prima modificare, care schimbă forma lămpilor din spate de la o formă dreptunghiulară la una pătrată. În 1973 apare un facelift minor, la grila de la radiator. Producția încetează în 1977, chiar dacă modelul F10 era introdus în 1975.

În Japonia, mașina se găsea exclusiv la dealer-urile Nissan Cherry store, iar mașina a avut un număr de vânzări relativ bun în țara sa natală. Cel mai mare succes a fost realizat în Europa, mai ales în Finlanda, Danemarca, Norvegia, Olanda, Regatul Unit și Belgia. Cum în Regatul Unit, industria auto Britanică, dominată de British Leyland a fost afectată de probleme calitative și greve, mașinile Datsun deveniseră o alternativă la mașinile domestice, mașinile de import Europene sau la Ford-urile făcute la Dagenham. A devenit una dintre cele mai vândute mașini în Marea Britanie, propulsând marca în vânzări. Proprietarii acestei mașini, întrebați în 1973 dacă ar mai cumpăra o mașină de același model, 76 la sută au răspuns cu da, depășind recordul de 66 la sută stabilit de proprietarii mașinii Volkswagen Broscuță, cunoscuți pentru loialitatea față de mașinile lor. În Scandinavia a vut succes deoarece Datsun și Toyota erau brand-uri care se vindeau foarte bine în acele țări, iar mașina 100A era foarte cunoscută pentru fiabilitate, prețul ieftun și simplicitate. Popularitatea sa a făcut producția modelului să înceteze la doar 7 ani după lansare, producându-se în concurență cu modelul mai puțin popular F10. În Finlanda, mașina a fost cea mai bună vândută mașină din anii 1970, iar câteva exemplare supraviețuiesc astăzi. Această mașină apare în jocul My Summer Car.

A doua generație (F10, 1974-1978)

A doua geneație a apărut în septembrie 1974, fiind primul model din seria Datsun Cherry care s-a vândut în America de Nord, considerțnd faptul că anterior vânzarea modelului E10 a fost slabă în SUA deoarece a fost restricționată. Vânzările acestei mașini au fost atât de slabe încât acest model a fost retras de pe piața domestică Japoneză (cunoscută ca JDM).

În Europa a fost cunoscută ca Datsun 100A F-II, fiind vândută începând cu 1975, iar în Marea Britaine a fost introdusă în 1976. Ca și în cazul anterior, o versiune coupé a existat, cunoscută sub numele de Datsun 120A, iar acest model a fost cel mai des întâlnit în Europa, dacă ne referim la modelul F10. În Marea Britaine, acest model s-a vândut bine, chiar dacă modelul E10 a fost mai populară.

În Noua Zeelandă, mașina a fost produsă sub forma unor kituri CKD, fiind mașina cu cel mai mic motor fabricată acolo (988 cc comparativ cu 998 cc, motorul de ma British Leyland Mini). În SUA doar break-ul și coupe-ul erau valabile, dar în Canada s-a vândut și modelul berlină.

În 1978 apare și succesorul Nisan Pulsar (N10), denumit în Europa Nissan Cherry, înlocuind brand-ul Datsun care a fost desființat de Nissan în 1987. Pe piața Europeană modelul F10 dispare din dealer-uri în 1979.

C

Nissan Cherry


Mülteci, dini, milliyeti, belirli bir toplumsal gruba üyeliği veya siyasi düşünceleri nedeniyle zulüm gören veya göreceği korkusu ve endişesi taşıyan, bu sebeple ülkesinden ayrılan/ayrılmak zorunda bırakılan ve korkusu nedeniyle geri dönemeyen veya dönmek istemeyen, iltica ettiği ülke tarafından endişeleri haklı bulunan kişi.

BM'nin tanımı ile mülteci, "ırkı, dini, milliyeti, belli bir sosyal gruba mensubiyeti veya siyasi düşünceleri nedeniyle zulüm göreceği konusunda haklı bir korku taşıyan ve bu yüzden ülkesinden ayrılan ve korkusu nedeniyle geri dönmeyen veya dönmek istemeyen kişi"dir.

Mültecilik, hukuki bir statüdür.

Mülteci olduğu iddiasıyla ülkesini terk eden ama mültecilik statüsü başvurusu sonuçlanmamış kişiler "sığınmacı" olarak adlandırılır. Mülteci ise sığınma başvurusu kabul edilen kişidir. Sığınma talebi geri çevrilen kimseler sığınmacı olarak nitelendirilemeyeceğinden, sığınmacı sıfatını kullanabilmek için kişi endişelerinde, korkularında haklı bulunmuş olmalıdır. Bu iki kavram günlük hayatta sık sık karıştırılmakta ve yanlış kullanılmaktadır.

Sığınma hakkı

İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirisi, sığınma hakkını şöyle tanımlar: "Herkesin zulüm karşısında başka ülkelere sığınmacı ve bu ülkelerce sığınmacı işlemi görme hakkı vardır" (madde 14/1). Göçmenlere bazen ekonomik sığınmacı denilmektedir. Toplu sığınma, iç savaşlar ve çatışmalarda, yoğun baskılarda, büyük afetlerde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bireysel sığınma daha çok siyasal sebeplerledir. Bazen yabancı elçilikler, savaş gemileri ve uçaklar kendilerine sığınanları korur. Yurtsuzlar da bazen mülteci konumundadırlar.

Tarihçe

UNHCR'ın kuruluşu ve 1951 Cenevre Mülteci Sözleşmesi
İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında yerinden edilen milyonlarca insanın hakkını korumak adına 14 Aralık 1950 tarihinde Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliği tüzüğü yayımladı. Dönemin üye olan 26 ülke temsilcisine sözleşme metninin tamamlanması için Cenevre'de toplanılacağı bildirildi. Bunun sonucunda,1951 yılının Temmuz ayında sözleşmenin ilk hali tamamlandı. 22 Nisan 1954 tarihinde yürülüğe girmiştir. Yürürlüğe giren ilk versiyon İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nın etkilerini gidermeye yönelik olması sebebi ile coğrafi kısıtlamalar içeriyordu. Bununla beraber geçici olması da getirdiği bir diğer problemdi. Bu sebeple1967 Protokolü adı altında Mülteci sözleşmesinde bazı değişiklikler yapıldı.1967 Protokolü, Mülteci Sözleşmesine evrensel bir nitelik kazandırdı. Mülteci sözleşmesinin temel dayanağı 10 Aralık 1948 tarihinde kabul edilen İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesidir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, 5 Eylül 1961 tarihli Resmi Gazete'de Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi tarafından 28 Ağustos 1961 tarihinde kabul edildiği duyurulmuştur.

Cenevre Mülteci sözleşmesine göre, Mülteci kavramı şu şekilde tanımlanmıştır; ırk, din, milliyet, kimlik, belirli bir sosyal gruba üyelik veya siyasi görüş nedeniyle zulüm görme korkusu nedeniyle ülkelerine dönemeyen veya dönmek istemeyen kişidir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Çeçen Mülteciler
 UNHCR

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Mültecilerle Dayanışma Derneği
 Madde14 - Sığınma alanına ilişkin bilgi bankası
 https://www.academia.edu/7778159/Bir_Yaşam_Mücadelesi_Olarak_Mültecilik
 Mülteciler Derneği

Uluslararası hukuk

Savaş sonuçları
Tehcir
Nüfus
Sığınma hakkı

Mülteci


Tract may refer to:

Geography and real estate
 Housing tract, an area of land that is subdivided into smaller individual lots
 Land lot or tract, a section of land
 Census tract, a geographic region defined for the purpose of taking a census

Writings
 Tract (literature), a short written work, usually of a political or religious nature
 Tract (liturgy), a component of Roman Catholic liturgy
 Treatise

Biology
 Nerve tract, a bundle of fibers that connects different parts of the central nervous system - analogous to a nerve in the peripheral nervous system
 A genetic tract, a sequence of repeating nucleotides or amino acids, such as a polyglutamine tract
 A collection of related anatomic structures, such as:
 Gastrointestinal tract
 Genitourinary tract
 Reproductive tract
 A grouping of feathers, e.g. primaries, auricular, scapular

Businesses
 Tract (imprint), an imprint of the German group VDM Publishing devoted to the reproduction of Wikipedia content

See also

Track (disambiguation)

Tract


مرزوق المرزوق ، (1945 - 18 أغسطس 2000) ، ملحن، ومؤلف موسيقي،كويتي.

عن حياته
إسمه الاصلي مرزوق أحمد الدوسري، وأشتهر باسم مرزوق المرزوق ، وهو من مواليد الكويت عام 1946 حاصل على بكالوريوس من المعهد العالي للفنون الموسيقية في القاهرة عام 1977 ، وعمل موجها للتربية الموسيقية بوزارة التربية الكويتية ، وكان عضوآ في جمعية الفنانين الكويتيين وجمعية المعلمين الكويتية وأول لحن قدمه لإذاعة الكويت بعنوان 'في غرامك' من كلمات سعد الثويني وغناء عباس البدري ، كم شارك في تأسيس فرقة التلفزيون للفنون الشعبية في عام 1978 وقدم لها 32 لحنا من ابرزها أغنية مصيرنا واحد ، وأغنية أنا الخليجي التي أصبحت أغنية وطنية بارزة لجميع دول مجلس التعاون الخليجية وقام بنظمها الشاعر الغنائي عبد اللطيف البناي.

أعماله الفنية
غنى له من ألحانه العديد من الأصوات الغنائية من الكويت والخليج ومنهم : شادي الخليج ، نبيل شعيل ، عبد الكريم عبد القادر ، عبد الله الرويشد ، مصطفى أحمد ، غريد الشاطئ ، فيصل السعد ، محمد المسباح ، عبد المحسن المهنا ، عباس البدري ، حسين جاسم ، وسليمان الملا ، ومن الساحة الخليجية والعربية عبد الله بالخير ، علية التونسية ، علي الجميري ، كما لحن العديد من الأعمال الغنائية الدرامية منها مقدمة مسلسل درس خصوصي من بطولة سعاد عبد الله وعبدالحسين عبدالرضا من كلمات الشاعر الراحل الشهيد فائق عبد الجليل وإخراج حمدي فريد عام 1979 ، ومن أبرز ألحانه (شمعة الجلاس) ، (تمون أنت تمون) ، (من غير مواعيد) ، (يا بنيات المدينة) ، (يا الله المعتلي) ، (من غير داعي) ، (قف بالطواف) ، (من يشبهك) ، (أحاول).

مراجع

ملحنون كويتيون
مواليد 1946
وفيات 2000

مرزوق المرزوق


خنفساء الملابس هي حشرة صغيرة، اسمها العلمي أنثرينس بمبينللا، بيضية الشكل طولها حوالي 4 مم، لونها أسود أو أسمر قاتم. والغمدان نزينهما منطقة عرضية مكسوة بحراشف بيض. وتغطي باقي الجزء العلوي من الجسم حراشف خفيفة بيض وذهبية وتغتذى الحشرة الكاملة على الأزهار وتغتذى يرقاتها بالمواد العضوية خصوصاً الصوف والريش وما إليها.

مراجع

حشرات

خنفساء الملابس


Vore mindste Københavnere er en dokumentarfilm instrueret af Valdemar Andersen efter manuskript af Valdemar Andersen.

Handling
Skildring af, hvad det offentlige gør for spædbarnet og børnehavebarnet.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1941

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Vore mindste Københavnere


(38238) Holíč, denumire internațională (38238) Holic, este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
38238 Holíč este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Modra de S. Gajdos și D. Kalmancok. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,58 ua, o excentricitate de 0,32 și o înclinație de 6,5° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 38001-39000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

38238 Holíč


Charlie Donlea é um oftalmologista e escritor americano. Autor das obras: Summit Lake (2016)  um thriller policial. Autor best-seller internacional, ele tem os seus livros publicados em 20 países. Ele também escreveu sob o pseudônimo Brian Charles.

Biografia
Ele vive em Chicago com sua esposa e dois filhos. Um de seus hobbies é pescar em lugares praticamente desertos do Canadá. Essas viagens por estradas paradisíacas inspiraram o cenário para o seu livro de estreia.

Quando decidiu escrever seu primeiro livro, ele se preparou para produzir algo como tudo o que gosta de encontrar nos seus filmes e livros prediletos: "uma história capaz de deixar o leitor refletindo sobre ela por muito tempo".

Até os 20 anos ele não havia aberto um único romance, ele diz: "Sobrevivi à vida acadêmica sem ter lido um livro", hoje ele lê de dois a três títulos por mês. O preconceito com a literatura foi superado quando cruzou com o suspense A Firma, de John Grisham, de 1991.

Medicina
Formado em medicina, ele trabalha como oftalmologista em Chicago três dias por semana e se dedica à escrita nos demais dias. Sobre largar a profissão para se dedicar totalmente à escrita, ele declara: "Talvez após mandar meus dois filhos para a faculdade".

Obras
 Summit Lake (2016) no Brasil: A Garota do Lago (Faro Editorial, 2017) em Portugal: A Rapariga do Lago (Editorial Presença, 2020)
 The Girl Who Was Taken (2017) no Brasil: Deixada Para Trás (Faro Editorial, 2017) em Portugal: A Rapariga que Ficou para Trás (Editorial Presença, 2022)
 Don't Believe It (2018) no Brasil: Não Confie em Ninguém (Faro Editorial, 2018)
 Twenty Years Later (2021) no Brasil: Procure nas Cinzas (Faro Editorial, 2021)
 Those Empty Eyes (2023)

Série Rory Moore/Lane Phillips
 Some Choose Darkness (2019) no Brasil: Uma Mulher na Escuridão (Faro Editorial, 2019)
 The Suicide House (2020) no Brasil: Nunca Saia Sozinho (Faro Editorial, 2020)

Como Brian Charles
 Before I go (2022) no Brasil: Antes de Partir (Faro Editorial, 2023)

Ver também
 Lucy Foley
 James Patterson
 Lucy Adlington
 Sarah Alderson
 Lisa Scottoline
 Paula Hawkins

Ligações externas
 Website oficial do Charlie Donlea
 Charlie Donlea no Good Reads
 Charlie Donlea no Fantastic Fiction

Naturais de Chicago
Pessoas vivas
Romancistas dos Estados Unidos
Escritores de literatura policial
Oftalmologistas dos Estados Unidos
Escritores de suspense

Charlie Donlea


Hrvatska:
 Kloštar, naselje u sastavu Općine Vrsar, Istarska županija
 Kloštar Ivanić, naseljeno mjesto i istoimena općina u blizini Ivanić-Grada, Zagrebačka županija
 Kloštar Podravski, naselje i općina u Koprivničko-križevačkoj županiji
 Kloštar Vojakovački, naselje u sastavu Grada Križevaca u Koprivničko-križevačkoj županiji

Vidi i:
 Svetište Majke Božje Kloštarske
 Klošter, naselje u slovenskoj Općini Metliki

Kloštar (razdvojba)


Val Mara est une commune suisse du canton du Tessin, située dans le district de Lugano.

La commune est créée le , de la fusion des trois anciennes commune de Maroggia, Melano et de Rovio. Son nom vient de la région du même nom.

Références

Commune du canton du  Tessin
Commune fondée en 2022 en Suisse

Val Mara


Mjesečnica (srebrenka, lat. Lunaria) je biljni rod iz porodice kupusovki ili krstašica raširen po Europi. Postoje tri vrste od kojih dvije rastu i u Hrvatskoj, to su jednogodišnja (uvezena i u Sjevernu Ameriku) i ružičasta mjesečnica.

Ružičasta mjesečnica je ljekovita uresna trajnica koja raste na Biokovu. Treća vrsta Lunaria telekiana endem je s Prokletija.

Vrste
 Lunaria annua L.
 Lunaria rediviva L.
 Lunaria telekiana Jáv.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Heliophilodae

Mjesečnica (biljni rod)


البنك العربي الإسباني إس. آ.  أو "Aresbank" هو بنك تأسس في العام 1975، مقره مدريد العاصمة الإسبانية. في 13 نوفمبر 2006 صار البنك تابعا للمصرف الليبي الخارجي، التابع للدولة الليبية.

وفي يناير 2009 وأثناء زيارة ملك إسبانيا خوان كارلوس لليبيا ضمن وفد اقتصادي أعلن عبد الرحمن شلقم أمين اللجنة الشعبية للاتصال الخارجي الليبي برفقة وزير الخارجية الإسبانية ميغيل أنخيل موراتينوس أن ليبيا قامت بشراء أكثر من 99% من أسهم البنك الذي كان مهددا بالإفلاس، مضيفا بأن «..هذه الخطوة ستساعد أيضا على زيادة حركة التبادل التجاري والاستثمار بين البلدين..».

مصادر

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي للبنك

بنوك إسبانيا
بنوك ليبيا

البنك العربي الإسباني


Ana Jambrović, hrvatska kuglačica.

Karijera
Na SP u Rumunjskoj 2018. osvojila je srebro u mješovitom tandemu i postavila je svjetski rekord u kategoriji mlađih seniorkâ do 23 godine.

Priznanja
Kao članica mlađe juniorske reprezentacije kuglačica osvajačica 1. mjesta u konkurenciji djevojčadi na Svjetskom prvenstvu do 18 godina, dobila je nagradu Dražen Petrović.

Izvori

Hrvatski kuglači

Ana Jambrović


An Bambusa angustiaurita in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Wan Tao Lin. An Bambusa angustiaurita in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bambusa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Bambusa

Bambusa angustiaurita


An Tristachya thollonii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Adrien René Franchet. An Tristachya thollonii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tristachya, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Tristachya

Tristachya thollonii


USS Hollandia (CVE-97) was a  of the United States Navy. She was named after the Battle of Hollandia, a successful amphibious operation during the New Guinea campaign. Launched in April 1944, and commissioned in June, she served in support of the Battle of Okinawa. Postwar, she participated in Operation Magic Carpet. She was decommissioned in January 1947, when she was mothballed in the Pacific Reserve Fleet. Ultimately, she was sold for scrap in December 1960.

Design and description

Hollandia was a Casablanca-class escort carrier, the most numerous type of aircraft carrier ever built, and designed specifically to be mass-produced using prefabricated sections, in order to replace heavy early war losses. Standardized with her sister ships, she was  long overall, had a beam of , and a draft of . She displaced  standard,  with a full load. She had a  long hangar deck and a  long flight deck. She was powered with two Skinner Unaflow reciprocating steam engines, which drove two shafts, providing , thus enabling her to make . The ship had a cruising range of  at a speed of . Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate the movement of aircraft between the flight deck and hangar deck: one each fore and aft.

One /38 caliber dual-purpose gun was mounted on the stern. Anti-aircraft defense was provided by 8 Bofors  anti-aircraft guns in single mounts, as well as 12 Oerlikon  cannons, which were mounted around the perimeter of the deck. By the end of the war, Casablanca-class carriers had been modified to carry thirty 20–mm cannons, and the amount of 40–mm guns had been doubled to sixteen, by putting them into twin mounts. These modifications were in response to increasing casualties due to kamikaze attacks. Casablanca-class escort carriers were designed to carry 27 aircraft, but the hangar deck could accommodate more.

Construction
The escort carrier was laid down on 12 February 1944, under a Maritime Commission contract, MC hull 1134, by Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington. She was laid down and launched under the name Astrolabe Bay, as part of a tradition which named escort carriers after bays or sounds in Alaska. She was renamed Hollandia on 30 May 1944, as part of a new naval policy which named subsequent Casablanca-class carriers after naval or land engagements. She was launched on 28 April 1944; sponsored by Mrs. William H. Wheat; transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 1 June 1944, with Captain Charles Loomis Lee in command.

Service history

Upon being commissioned, Hollandia underwent a shakedown cruise down the West Coast to San Diego. Shakedown continued as she underwent a transport mission, carrying a load of replacement aircraft and military personnel. She departed on 10 July, bound for Espiritu Santo. On her return trip, she stopped at Manus and Guadalcanal, before arriving at Port Hueneme, California on 27 August. For the next few months, Hollandia continued these transport missions to the West and South Pacific, transporting supplies and passengers.

She continued these duties until 1 April 1945, at which point she was anchored at Ulithi. As U.S. forces began their landings, beginning the Battle of Okinawa, Hollandia joined the Special Escort Carrier Group as its flagship. She, along with , , and the
 , transported Marine Air Groups 31 and 33 to land bases captured on Okinawa. In total, the air group being transported consisted of 192 Vought F4U Corsair and 30 Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters. Hollandia was delegated to take on the planes of Marine Air Group 33. After departing on 2 April, the destroyers , , , and  provided a screen for the carriers.

The escort carriers managed to safely arrive at Okinawa on 6 April, although the destroyers dropped depth charges to deter a suspected submarine en route. There, Hollandia prepared to begin launching her aircraft, which would be the first land-based aircraft to support the U.S. forces fighting their way down the island. However, she, along with White Plains, were ordered to postpone their launchings for several days, as the transport ships ferrying the equipment of the marines had been attacked and damaged, with much equipment lost. On 9 April, she launched her planes to the hastily expanded Kadena Air Base, where the aircraft began operations. Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 323, transported aboard the escort carriers, would go on to become the highest-scoring air unit participating in the Battle of Okinawa, claiming 124.5 Japanese planes.

Having completed her duties, she returned to San Diego, arriving on 1 May. Whilst at port, Captain John Thompson Brown, Jr. took over command of the vessel. She then conducted a transport run to Pearl Harbor, ferrying cargo and passengers. On 7 June, she departed the West Coast to serve as a replenishment carrier, supporting the Fast Carrier Task Force in its operations against Japan. Replenishment carriers enabled the frontline carriers to replace battle losses, and to stay at sea for longer durations of time. Hollandia loaded replacement aircraft at Pearl Harbor, and she sailed on 18 June to join Task Group 30.8, the Fleet Oiler and Transport Carrier Group (also known as the At Sea Logistics Service Group). She provided replacement aircraft up until news of the Japanese surrender broke.

Post-war, Hollandia berthed at Guam, where an overhaul was conducted to transform her into a passenger ship. She then joined the Operation Magic Carpet fleet, which repatriated U.S. servicemen from around the Pacific. She conducted four Magic Carpet runs, before heading to San Pedro, where she was released from the Magic Carpet fleet. She departed Southern California on 4 February 1946, bound for Puget Sound, and upon arriving on 15 February, she underwent inactivation. The ship was decommissioned on 17 January 1947, and mothballed as part of the Pacific Reserve Fleet. Whilst mothballed, she was redesignated as a utility aircraft carrier, CVU-97, on 12 June 1955. The hull was then once again redesignated, this time as an aircraft transport, AKV-33, on 7 May 1959. Finally, her hull was struck from the Navy list on 1 April 1960, and sold sometime in July 1960 to Eisenberg & Co. of New York for scrapping. Her ultimate fate was to be broken up in Japan during November 1960.

References

Sources

Online sources

Bibliography

External links

Casablanca-class escort carriers
World War II escort aircraft carriers of the United States
Ships built in Vancouver, Washington
1944 ships
S4-S2-BB3 ships

USS Hollandia


La  est l'une des deux circonscriptions législatives que compte la préfecture de Tottori au Japon. Cette circonscription comptait  électeurs en date du .

Description géographique

La deuxième circonscription de la préfecture de Tottori regroupe les villes de Yonago et Sakaiminato avec les districts de Saihaku et Hino ainsi que les bourgs de Yurihama, Kotoura et Hokuei.

Députés

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Chambre des représentants du Japon

Circonscription législative au Japon

Deuxième circonscription de la préfecture de Tottori


Rasmus Villads Christian Ferdinand Winther (29 July 1796 – 30 December 1876), was a Danish lyric poet.

He was born at Fensmark near Næstved, where his father was the vicar.  He went to the University of Copenhagen in 1815, and studied theology, taking his degree in 1824. He began to publish verse in 1819, but no collected volume appeared until 1828. Meanwhile, from 1824 to 1830, Winther was supporting himself as a tutor. A large inheritance from his uncle, Rasmus Winther, allowed him in 1830 to travel to Italy for a year. In 1835 a second volume of lyric poems appeared, and in 1838 a third. In 1841 King Christian VIII of Denmark appointed Winther to travel to Mecklenburg to instruct Princess Mariane, on the occasion of her betrothal to the Crown Prince of Denmark, in the Danish language. When he was over fifty, Winther married.

Further collections of lyrics appeared in 1842, 1848, 1850, 1853, 1865 and 1872.  In 1851 he, who had for most of his life been pestered by heavy debts, received a pension from the state as a poet, and for the next quarter of a century he resided mainly in Paris.

Besides the nine or ten volumes of lyrical verse mentioned above, Winther published Hjortens Flugt ("The Stag's Flight"), an epical romance in verse (1855). Taking place in 15th Century South Zealand, written in Nibelungenlied stanzas and probably inspired by Byron's Mazeppa it tells about young love, demonic forces and witchcraft with a running stag as the reappearing motive of the untamed forces of Nature. However, in the lyric intervals it is also praising the idylls and freedom of Nature. In generations it became a traditional confirmation present for Danish youths in that respect competing with Paludan-Müller's Adam Homo.

Many of Winther's shorter poems have won popularity and have become transformed into songs, for instance Flyv fugl, flyv – ("Fly, Bird, fly"), and some of the verses from his collection Til Een, 1842, ("For One") a tribute to his wife. A classic is also the small humorous epic poem for children: Flugten til Amerika 1830, (Engl. Transl. The Flight to America, 1976). Besides must be mentioned In the Year of Grace a novel (1874); and other works in prose. He died in Paris, but his body was brought to Denmark, and was buried in the heart of the woods.

As a lover of Woman and Nature Winther is perhaps one of the Danish authors who is most closely connected to the concept of a romantic poet. Many later Danish lyrics have been inspired by his verses. His special ability of making Nature accompanying the action and his elegant and, compared with his time, rather sensual tributes to women was something new. Through The Stag's Flight, his main work, he has won the name of "The Singer of Zealand".

Notes

References

 Dansk Biografisk Leksikon, vol. 15, Copenhagen 1984 (only in Danish).

External links

 Christian Winther's grave
 Christian Winther on Victor Records.

Lyrics
Christian Winther at Kalliope.
Christian Winther at Danish Wikisource.
Christian Winther at the Lied and Art Song Archive.
Christian Winther at the Archive for Danish Literature.
Children's poem
Flugten til Amerika: book at the Internet Archive.
Flugten til Amerika: lyrics at Danish Wikisource.
Flugten til Amerika: recording
Flugten til Amerika: translation
Parlor song
Længsel: Danish lyrics
Længsel: English lyrics
Længsel: musical notation
Længsel on Edison Records.
Længsel sung in English by Louise Homer.
Folk song
To drosler sad på bøgekvist: lyrics
To drosler sad på bøgekvist: recording
Art song
Flyv, fugl, flyv: lyrics
Flyv, fugl, flyv: recording

1796 births
1876 deaths
19th-century Danish novelists
19th-century Danish poets
Danish expatriates in France
Danish male poets
People from Næstved Municipality
University of Copenhagen alumni
Danish male novelists
19th-century male writers
Lyric poets
Burials at Holmen Cemetery

Christian Winther


A República Federativa do Brasil, representada pelo Comitê Olímpico do Brasil, está programada para competir nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2024 em Paris de 26 de julho a 11 de agosto de 2024. Atletas brasileiros participaram de todas as edições dos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1920 em diante, exceto Amsterdã 1928.

Competidores

Por modalidade esportiva
Abaixo um resumo da quantidade de vagas destinadas a atletas brasileiro conquistadas aos Jogos Olímpicos de 2024 por modalidade até julho de 2023.

Atletismo

OOs atletas brasileiros de atletismo alcançaram os padrões de entrada para Paris 2024, seja pela passagem na marca classificatória direta (ou tempo para provas de atletismo) ou pelo ranking mundial, nas seguintes provas (no máximo 3 atletas cada):

Pista e estrada

Campo

Canoagem

Slalom
O Brasil inscreveu dois barcos na competição de slalom para os Jogos por meio do Campeonato Mundial de Canoagem Slalom da ICF de 2023, em Londres, Grã-Bretanha.

Velocidade
Os canoístas brasileiros qualificaram um barco nas seguintes distâncias para os Jogos por meio do Campeonato Mundial de Canoagem Velocidade da ICF 2023, em Duisburg, Alemanha.

Legenda da qualificação: FA = Qualificação para final (medalha); FB = Qualificação para a final B (sem medalha)

Ciclismo

BMX

 Corrida

Ciclistas brasileiros garantiram uma vaga única na corrida feminina de BMX para Paris 2024, liderando o campo das nações que disputam a qualificação no Campeonato Pan-Americano de 2023 em Riobamba, Ecuador.

Futebol

 Sumário

Torneio Feminino
Seleção Brasileira de Futebol Feminino se classificou para as Olimpíadas ao avançar para a final da Copa América Feminina de 2022 em Bucaramanga, Colombia.

 Elenco

 Evento por equipes femininas - uma equipe de 18 jogadoras

Ginástica

Artística
A seleção masculina do Brasil conquistou o direito de enviar uma ginasta individual aos Jogos ao terminar como uma das três nações não classificadas mais fortes no Campeonato Mundial de Ginástica Artística de 2023. Diogo Soares também reservou oficialmente o seu bilhete olímpico para os mesmos campeonatos de um dos oito ginastas do individual geral com melhor classificação que não teve acesso a Paris como parte de uma equipa qualificada.

Masculino
Individual

Feminino
Individual

Rítmica
O Brasil classificou um elenco completo de ginastas rítmicas nos jogos em virtude dos resultados do país no Campeonato Mundial de 2023 em Valência, na Espanha.

Natação
Nadadores brasileiros alcançaram os padrões de entrada nos seguintes eventos para Paris 2024 (máximo de dois nadadores no tempo de qualificação olímpica (OST) e potencialmente no tempo de consideração olímpica (OCT):

Tiro
Os atiradores brasileiros alcançaram cotas para os seguintes eventos com base em seus resultados nos Campeonatos Mundiais ISSF de 2022 e 2023, Campeonatos das Américas de 2022 e 2024, Jogos Pan-Americanos de 2023 e Torneio de Qualificação Olímpica Mundial da ISSF de 2024, se obtiverem uma pontuação mínima de qualificação (MQS) de 14 de agosto de 2022 a 9 de junho de 2024.

Surfe
Surfistas brasileiros confirmaram uma cota única de surfe feminino e duas vagas no masculina as disputas no Taiti. A atleta olímpica participante em Tóquio 2020, Tatiana Weston-Webb, terminou entre as oito primeiras qualificadas no ranking da World Surf League 2023 garantindo uma vaga no elenco brasileiro da modalidade para Paris 2024.

Ver também

 Brasil nos Jogos Olímpicos
 Brasil nos Jogos Paralímpicos
 Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2024

Referências

Ligações externas

 Página do COI

Brasil
2024

Brasil nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2024


Michela Pace (n. 25 ianuarie 2001, Victoria, Malta) este o cântăreață malteză. După câștigarea primului sezon al versiunii malteze a The X Factor, aceasta a fost aleasă reprezentanta Maltei la Concursul Muzical Eurovision 2019. Piesa cu care a intrat în concurs se numește "Chameleon". Înainte de câștigarea X Factor Malta, aceasta a participat la mai multe concursuri muzicale, printre care Baltic Voices și Music Talent League din Lituania. De asemenea, a participat la un program de dezvoltare în Londra, numit Ultimate Artist, unde, printre alții, a lucrat cu unul dintre producătorii Rihannei. În 2017, Michela Pace a fost inclusă pe lista lungă pentru Malta Eurovision Song Contest. Totuși, nu a fost selectată pentru show-urile live.

Note

Cântăreți maltezi
Oameni în viață
Eurovision 2019

Michela Pace


Motel Sljeme se nalazi u Trogiru, na adresi ul. kardinala Alojzija Stepinca, zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis
Motel je smješten na kopnenome dijelu Trogira, sjeverozapadno od povijesne jezgre, blizu granice sa Segetom. Izgrađen je prema nacrtima Ivana Vitića 1964./65. g. od laganoga materijala obloženoga rustično obrađenim kamenim pločama. Sastoji se od središnjega objekta (s upravnim i uslužnim sadržajima u prizemlju i smještajnim jedinicama na katu), smještenoga uz županijsku cestu, i vanjskih smještajnih jedinica organiziranih oko središnjega parkirnog prostora. Vanjske su jedinice organizirane u dvije grupe. Dva velika krila zgrade u obliku slova L zatvaraju trg s centralnom zgradom, dok je jugozapadno smješteno još 6 bungalova. Objekti imaju ravni krov i tipizirane prozorske otvore, a interijer je devastiran zbog neodržavanja.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-6169 zaveden je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "javne građevine".

Izvori

Zaštićene javne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Ugostiteljski objekti u Hrvatskoj
Građevine u Trogiru

Motel Sljeme u Trogiru


Arthur Godfrey and His Friends is an American television variety show hosted by Arthur Godfrey. The hour-long series aired on CBS Television from January 12, 1949, to June 1957 (as The Arthur Godfrey Show after September 1956), then again as a half-hour show from September 1958 to April 1959.

Many of Godfrey's musical acts were culled from Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts, which was airing on CBS at the same time. The singers included Frank Parker, Marion Marlowe, Janette Davis, Julius La Rosa, The Mariners, The McGuire Sisters, Carmel Quinn, Pat Boone, Lu Ann Simms, and The Chordettes. The show was live, and Godfrey often did away with the script and improvised. In addition, unlike his morning show Arthur Godfrey Time, the evening show often presented celebrity guests.  He refused to participate in commercials for products he did not believe in.

The series was a hit in the Nielsen ratings in the early to mid 1950s, often finishing just behind Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts. It ranked #18 in the 1950–1951 season, #6 in 1951–1952, #3 in 1952–1953, #6 in 1953-1954 and #22 in 1954–1955. Arthur Godfrey and His Friends also earned a nomination for an Emmy Award in 1953 for Best Variety Program.

Sponsors included Viva lipstick and Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company.

References

External links

1949 American television series debuts
1959 American television series endings
1940s American variety television series
1950s American variety television series
Black-and-white American television shows
CBS original programming
English-language television shows
Arthur Godfrey

Arthur Godfrey and His Friends


Onthophagus victor é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Sharp em 1875.

Referências

Ligações externas

victor
Coleópteros descritos em 1875

Onthophagus victor


Rauhiella silvana é uma espécie de planta do gênero Rauhiella e da família Orchidaceae.

Taxonomia
A espécie foi descrita em 1993 por Antonio Luiz Vieira Toscano.
O seguinte sinônimo já foi catalogado:
 Rauhiella ornata  F.E.L.Miranda

Forma de vida
É uma espécie epífita e herbácea.

Descrição

Conservação
A espécie faz parte da Lista Vermelha das espécies ameaçadas do estado do Espírito Santo, no sudeste do Brasil. A lista foi publicada em 13 de junho de 2005 por intermédio do decreto estadual nº 1.499-R.

Distribuição
A espécie é encontrada nos estados brasileiros de Bahia e Espírito Santo.
A espécie é encontrada no domínio fitogeográfico de Mata Atlântica, em regiões com vegetação de floresta ombrófila pluvial.

Notas
Contém texto em CC-BY-SA 4.0 de Royer, C.A.; Brito, A.L.V.T.; Smidt, E.C. Rauhiella  in Flora e Funga do Brasil.

Ligações externas
 Rauhiella silvana no projeto Flora e Funga do Brasil
 Rauhiella silvana no portal do Centro Nacional de Conservação da Flora (Brasil)

Rauhiella
Plantas descritas em 1993
Flora do Espírito Santo (estado)
Espécies citadas na Lista Vermelha de Ameaça da Flora Brasileira
Espécies citadas na Lista de Espécies da Flora Ameaçadas do Espírito Santo

Rauhiella silvana


Kalneksin je lektinski šaperon veličine 67kDa, integriran u membrani endoplazmatskog retikuluma. Jedna od njegovih najvažnijih funkcija je da pripomaže u savijajnju pogrešno savijenih proteina zajedno s foldazama endoplazmatskog retikuluma. Njegov manjak u organizmu može dovesti do određenih defekata.

Otkriće
Retikularna mreža membrana u citoplazmi koja okupira veliki dio stanice (doseže čak i do jezgrine membrane) otkrivena je pomoću imunofluorescencije stanične kulture koristeći antitijela i naziva se endoplazmatski retikulum. Nedugo nakon toga, 1982. godine u mikrosomima psećeg pankreasa detektiran je novi fosfoprotein nazvan pp90 vezan na endoplazmatski retikulum. Ime potječe od tadašnjeg saznanja da je protein veličine 90 kDa.

Molekularnim kloniranjem i karakterizacijom otkriveno je da se radi o membranskom proteinu tipa 1, slične strukture kalretikulinu. Dano mu je ime kalneksin. On, zajedno s kalretikulinom i ERp57 (također poznat kao PDIA3), tvori ključne komponente puta koji olakšava savijanje i kontrolu kvalitete novosintetiziranih proteina s N-povezanim bočnim lancima ugljikohidrata.

Struktura
Gen za ljudski kalneksin (CANX) nalazi se prema distalnom kraju dugog kraka kromosoma 5 (5q35.3 lokus) koji se proteže oko 33 kbp i sastoji se od 15 egzona (https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzon), stvara transkript od 4915 bp koji se prevodi u polipeptid od 592 aminokiseline.

Ljudski polipeptid kalneksina protein je od 67 kDa, ali se često pogrešno smatra proteinom od 90 kDa zbog visokog sadržaja kiselinskih ostataka koji elektrostatski odbijaju SDS što rezultira nedovoljnom elektromotornom snagom i smanjenom elektroforetskom pokretljivošću na SDS-PAGE-u.

Polipeptid kalneksina sastoji se od tri domene: N-terminalnog intraluminalnog dijela, transmembranskog segmenta i C-terminalne domene okrenute prema citosolu.

N-terminalna domena
Luminalna (N-terminalna) domena kalneksina odgovorna je za njegovu funkciju šaperona sličnu lektinu i mjesto je interakcije s ciklofilinom B, ERp29 i ERp57. Također, sadrži 20 aminokiselinskih ostataka N-terminalnog signalnog slijeda koji je odgovoran za ciljanje kalneksina. Sadrži 2 različite strukturne komponente: kompaktna globularna domena prema N-kraju (N-domena) i izdužena domena bogata prolinom poput kraka (P-domena) prema C-kraju. N-domena sastavljena je od konkavnih i konveksnih antiparalelnih ß ploča koji imaju sedam niti i zajedno tvore sendvič strukturu. P-domena proteže se 140 Å od N- domene i tvori veliku petlju ukosnicu. Ta se petlja sastoji od dvije vrste motiva (motiv 1 i motiv 2) ponavljanih sekvenci bogatih prolinom. Svaka kopija motiva 1 u interakciji je s kopijom motiva 2 u obliku glava i rep interakcije.

3D struktura luminalne domene pokazuje samo jedno pretpostavljeno koordinirano mjesto vezanja Ca2+ . To mjesto visoko je očuvano između kalneksina i kalretikulina, budući da P-domena kalretikulina također veže jedan Ca2+  ion visokog afiniteta. Štoviše, unos Ca2+ u luminalni dio igra strukturnu ulogu pokrećući Ca2+-ovisne konformacijske promjene. Osim toga, luminalna domena kalneksina veže Zn2+ i ATP; oba reguliraju konformacijske promjene, dok sam ATP poboljšava sposobnosti supresije agregacije in vitro, a Zn2+ olakšava vezanje ERp57.

Transmembranska domena
Korištenjem simulacije molekularne dinamike saznalo se da je jedna transmembranska domena sastavljena od α heliksa. Pro494 približno na sredini alfa heliksa uvodi nagib od ~30 ° u odnosu na površinu membrane. Pretpostavljeno je da ova domena ima ulogu u sidrenju kalneksina na membranu, ali doprinosi i šaperon funkciji.

C-terminalna domena
Vrlo malo se zna o C-terminalnoj domeni te do danas nema strukturnih informacija o njoj. Poznato je da C-terminalna domena igra važnu ulogu u zadržavanju kalneksina u endoplazmatskom retikulumu jer ova domena sadrži RKPRRE motiv, koji djeluje kao retencijska sekvenca. Za ovaj vrlo kiseli segment dug 90 aminokiselina smatra se da je fleksibilan i nestrukturiran. Anionski karakter C-terminalne domene kalneksina daje ovoj domeni višestruki niski afinitet, ali zato Ca2+-vezna mjesta visokog kapaciteta. C-terminalna domena izložena citosolu prolazi kroz post-translacijske modifikacije, koje uključuju palmitoilaciju, fosforilaciju, sumoilaciju i proteolitičko cijepanje.

Lokalizacija
Kalretikulin i kalneksin dijele strukturnu sličnost s obzirom na njihove domene slične lektinu, pri čemu je kalretikulin protein koji boravi u lumenu, dok je kalneksin integralni membranski protein endoplazmatskog retikuluma. Danas je dobro utvrđeno da se kalneksin eksprimira u svim stanicama koje sadrže membranu ER-a i vrlo je dobro očuvan među vrstama (biljke, gljive, životinje) pokazujući važnost šaperon domene.

Funkcija

Jedna od glavnih funkcija kalneksina je da koordinira procesiranje novosintetiziranih N-vezanih glikoproteina s njihovim ispravnim savijanjem. U ciklusu kalneksina, proteini s monoglukoziliranim glikanima vežu se za lektinske šaperone kalneksin i kalretikulin.  Time se potiče savijanje proteina kojemu pripomažu foldaze protein disulfid izomeraza ERp57, peptidil prolil cis-trans izomeraza CypB i disulfid izomeraza ERp29. Nakon podrezivanja terminalne glukoze pomoću glukozidaze II, glikani se više ne mogu vezati za lektinske šaperone.

Za one proteine koji se još nisu ispravno savili, enzim UDP-glukoza:glikoprotein glukoziltransferaza (UGGT) djeluje kao kontrolna točka te dodaje glukozu natrag u N-glikan.  Ovo omogućuje da se pogrešno savijeni proteini mogu ponovno povezati sa šaperonima za opetovane krugove savijanja posredovanog šaperonima [3]. Ispravno savijeni proteini transportiraju se do Golgija.

Kalneksin djeluje i kao regulator Ca2+ tijekom fototransdukcije i dodatno kao šaperon u sazrijevanju rodopsina (Rh1). Mutacije u kalneksinu Drosophile dovele su do ozbiljnih nedostataka u ekspresiji Rh1 i sposobnosti fotoreceptorskih stanica da kontroliraju razine Ca2+ u citosolu nakon aktivacije tranzicijskog potencijalnog receptorskog kanala (TRP) osjetljivog na svjetlo.

Kalneksin veže i ATP iako još nije otkrivena aktivnost ATPaze.

Interakcija s drugim proteinama
Kalneksin stupa u interakciju sa širokim nizom novosintetiziranih membranskih ili topivih proteina koji prolaze kroz endoplazmatski retikulum. Prvenstveno je u kooperativnoj interakciji s foldazama ERp57, CypB i ERp29. Što se tiče interakcije između kalneksina i Erp57, P-domena kalneksina u interakciji je s osnovnim C-krajem ERp57, kao dio kalneksinskog ciklusa za usmjeravanje stvaranja disulfidnih veza u N-glikoproteinima.

Također, dokazana je interakcija između dva kalneksina i ERp29 preko njihovih P domena. Formiranje dimera ERp29 i interakcija kalneksin-ERp29 odgovorna je za umrežavanje više kalneksina, a dimerizacija kalneksina nije uzrokovana kemijskim crosslinker-om. Posljednje, CypB je u interakciji s P-domenom kalneksina. Kompleks ciklofilina B s kalneksinom i drugim lektinskim šaperonima sugerira da ciklofilin B djeluje u ciklusu kalneksina na način analogan ERp57 .

Važna je uloga kalneksina u procesuiranju antigena. Kalneksin se povezuje s nezrelim αβI, ali ne i sa zrelim αβ kompleksima.

Optimalne interakcije između receptora i kalneksina kritično reguliraju promet i ekspresiju D1 i D2 dopaminskih receptora na površini stanice, mehanizam koji je vjerojatno važan za mnoge receptore spregnute sa G-proteinom.

Faktor VIII (FVIII) i faktor V (FV) homologni su kofaktori koagulacije koji dijele sličnu organizaciju domene (A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2) i oba su glikozilirana unutar svojih B-domena. FVIII i FV pokazali su interakciju s kalretikulinom tijekom prolaska kroz sekretorni put. FVIII s izbrisanom B-domenom značajno je smanjio interakciju kalneksina i kalretikulina, što ukazuje da B-domena može predstavljati primarno mjesto interakcije ova dva šaperona.

Pacijenti zaraženi HIV-om izloženi su povećanom riziku od razvoja ateroskleroze, dijelom zbog niže modulacije i funkcionalnog oštećenja transportera kolesterola ATP-vezujuće kazete A1 (ABCA1) od strane HIV-1 proteina Nef. Mehanizam ovog učinka uključuje interakciju Nef-a sa kalneksinom i prekidanje vezanja kalneksina na ABCA1, što dovodi do zadržavanja ABCA1 u ER-u, njegove razgradnje i rezultirajuće supresije efluksa kolesterola.

Bolesti
Kalneksin može biti modulator genetičkih bolesti.

Nadalje, manjak kalneksina može voditi mijelinopatiji.

Smatra se i da je kalneksin prognostički marker i potencijalni terapijski cilj kod raka debelog crijeva.

Izvori

Bjelančevine

Kalneksin


American Boy: A Profile of Steven Prince est un film américain réalisé par Martin Scorsese, sorti en 1978.

Synopsis
Martin Scorsese et un petit groupe d'amis se retrouvent dans un salon avec le charismatique Steven Prince, ami du réalisateur ayant eu un petit rôle dans Taxi Driver. Au cours de la soirée, Scorsese filme Prince parlant de divers événements de sa vie avec un mélange d'humour et de gravité.

Martin Scorses décrit son documentaire comme « un film sur la survie ».

Fiche technique
 Titre : American Boy: A Profile of Steven Prince
 Réalisation : Martin Scorsese
 Scénario : Julia Cameron et Mardik Martin
 Photographie : Michael Chapman
 Montage : Amy Holden Jones et Bert Lovitt
 Production : Bert Lovitt
 Société de production : New Empire Films et Scorsese Films
 Société de distribution : Les Films de la Marguerite (France)
 Pays :
 Genre : Documentaire
 Durée : 55 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :  (festival du film de New York)
 :  (avec Italianamerican)

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 1978
Film documentaire américain
Moyen métrage américain
Moyen métrage documentaire
Film documentaire sur une personnalité
Film réalisé par Martin Scorsese


An Platycaulos major in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Maxwell Tylden Masters, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Hans Peter Linder. An Platycaulos major in nahilalakip ha genus nga Platycaulos, ngan familia nga Restionaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Platycaulos

Platycaulos major


Lever Portekiz'de Vila Nova de Gaia belediyesine bağlı olan, 6,88 km² yüzölçümüne sahip, 3.033 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Vila Nova de Gaia'nın bucakları

Lever


{{Infookvir nogometni klub
| ime kluba          = Proleter
| slika              =
| puno ime           = Fudbalski klub Proleter Novi Sad
| nadimak            = crveno-beli
| godina osnivanja   = 1951.
| igralište          = <small> Stadion Karađorđe, Novi Sad  Stadion Slana Bara, Novi Sad
| kapacitet stadiona =
| trener             =
| liga               = Superliga Srbije
| sezona             = 2020./21.
| plasman            =  8.
| trenutačna sezona  =
| igrači             =
| pattern_la1= |pattern_b1= |pattern_ra1= |pattern_sh1= |pattern_so1=
| leftarm1= |body1= |rightarm1= |shorts1= |socks1=
| pattern_la2= |pattern_b2= |pattern_ra2= |pattern_sh2= |pattern_so2=
| leftarm2= |body2= |rightarm2= |shorts2= |socks2=
| pattern_la3= |pattern_b3= |pattern_ra3= |pattern_sh3= |pattern_so3=
| leftarm3= |body3= |rightarm3= |shorts3= |socks3=
}}

FK Proleter Novi Sad (FK Proleter; Proleter; Proleter Novi Sad; srpski Фудбалски клуб Пролетер Нови Сад) je nogometni klub iz iz Novog Sada, Južnobački okrug, Vojvodina, Srbija.
U sezoni 2018./19. klub se natječe u "Superligi Srbije", najvišoj nogometnoj ligi u Srbiji.

 O klubu
Klub je osnovan 1951. godine u sklopu istoimenog športskog društva, od kojeg se naknadno osamostaljuje. Klub je pretežno bio niželigaš. U sezoni 2008./09. osvaja Srpsku ligu - Vojvodina, te ulazi u Prvu ligu Srbije, drugi stupanj prvenstva Srbije, koju osvaja u sezoni 2017./18. te postaje član Superlige''.

Uspjesi

FNRJ / SFRJ

SRJ / SCG

Srbija
 Prva liga Srbije
 prvak: 2017./18.

 Srpska liga Vojvodina
 prvak: 2008./09.

Pregled plasmana

Poznati igrači

Unutrašnje poveznice

Vanjske poveznice
 fkproleter.rs - službene stranice
 srbijasport.net, profil kluba
 soccerway.com, profil kluba
 transfermarkt.com, profil kluba
 futbol24.com, profil kluba

Izvori
 fkproleter.rs, wayback arhiva iz 2013.
 srpskistadioni.in.rs, FC PROLETER

Proleter
Šport u Novom Sadu

FK Proleter Novi Sad


Lidbeckia, biljni rod iz porodice glavočika, dio podtribusa Cotulinae. Tri vrste endemi su južnoafričke provincije Western Cape

Rod je dobio ime u čast Erica Gustaviusa Lidbecka (1724–1803), švedskog profresora botanike iz Lunda

Vrste
 Lidbeckia pectinata P.J.Bergius
 Lidbeckia pinnata J.C.Manning & Helme
 Lidbeckia quinqueloba (L.f.) Cass. /Lidbeckia lobata Thunb.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Cotulinae

Lidbeckia


Yemen - Kampen for et lykkeligt arabien er en dokumentarfilm instrueret af Søren Højdahl efter manuskript af Leif Rønby og Bodil Sejerøe.

Handling
Filmen er lavet på DEN REJSENDE HØJSKOLE efter et studieophold i den Folkedemokratiske Republik Yemen i september - oktober 1973. Filmen beskæftiger sig med landets historiske baggrund, landets vanskeligheder på grund af lukningen af Suez-kanalen og englændernes udrejse, samt venstrefløjens overtagelse af magten juni 1969, hvorledes arbejderne overtager fabrikkerne og bønderne jorden.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1974
Tvind
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Kampen for et lykkeligt arabien

Yemen - Kampen for et lykkeligt arabien


Les nerfs ethmoïdaux sont issus du nerf naso-ciliaire et innervent les cellules ethmoïdales.

On distingue :

 le nerf ethmoïdal postérieur ;
 le nerf ethmoïdal antérieur.

Notes et références

ethmoïdal

Nerf ethmoïdal


A Batalha de Appomattox Court House, lutado em Condado de Appomattox, na Virgínia, na manhã de 9 de abril de 1865, foi uma das últimas batalhas de significância travada durante a Guerra Civil Americana (1861–1865). Foi o confronto final entre o general-em-chefe das forças confederadas, Robert E. Lee, e seu Exército da Virgínia do Norte e o Exército do Potomac da União, liderada pelo Comandante Geral do Exército dos Estados Unidos, Ulysses S. Grant.

Lee, tendo a abandonado a capital confederada de Richmond, Virgínia após uma campanha de dez meses no Cerco de Petersburg, recuando para o oeste, na esperança de se juntar ao seu exército com as forças confederadas restantes na Carolina do Norte, com o Exército do Tennessee sob comando do general Joseph E. Johnston. A infantaria e cavalaria da União, lideradas pelo general Philip Sheridan, perseguiu e interrompeu a retirada dos confederados na vila central da Virgínia em Appomattox Court House. Lee lançou um ataque de última hora para romper as linhas das tropas federais à sua frente, assumindo que a força da União consistia inteiramente de cavalaria levemente armada. Quando ele percebeu que a cavalaria inimiga estava agora apoiada por dois corpos de infantaria federal, ele não teve escolha a não ser se render com sua nova avenida de retirada e fuga agora cortada, pois, se não o tivesse feito, suas forças teriam sido dizimadas.

A assinatura dos documentos de entrega ocorreu na salão de uma casa que era propriedade de Wilmer McLean na tarde de 9 de abril. Três dias depois, em 12 de abril, uma cerimônia formal de desfile e o empilhamento de armas liderado pelo major-general confederado John B. Gordon para o general-de-brigada federal Joshua Chamberlain marcou a dissolução do Exército da Virgínia do Norte com a rendição e/ou dispensa de quase 28 000 militares confederados (oficiais e soldados), livres para voltar para casa sem suas armas principais, mas foi permitido que esses homens levassem seus cavalos e os oficiais mantenham suas armas (espadas e pistolas), assim efetivamente encerrando a guerra na Virgínia.

Este evento desencadeou uma série de rendições subsequentes em todo o Sul, na Carolina do Norte, no Alabama e finalmente em Shreveport, Luisiana, no Teatro Trans-Mississippi no oeste em junho, sinalizando o fim da guerra que já se arrastava fazia quatro anos.

Bibliografia
 Catton, Bruce. A Stillness at Appomattox. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Company, 1953. .
 Dunkerly, Robert M. To the Bitter End: Appomattox, Bennett Place, and the Surrenders of the Confederacy. Emerging Civil War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2015. .
 Marvel, William. A Place Called Appomattox. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. .
 Marvel, William. Lee's Last Retreat: The Flight to Appomattox. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. .
 Silkenat, David. Raising the White Flag: How Surrender Defined the American Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. .

Appomattox
Appomattox
1865 nos Estados Unidos
Conflitos em 1865
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
Rendições

Batalha de Appomattox Court House


Štefanov (bis 1948 Štepanov – bis 1927 auch Ščepanov; ungarisch Csépánfalva oder älter Stepanó) ist eine Gemeinde im Westen der Slowakei mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) und gehört zum Okres Senica, einem Teil des Trnavský kraj.

Geographie

Die Gemeinde befindet sich am Treffpunkt des Tieflands Záhorská nížina und des Hügellands Chvojnická pahorkatina am Bach Štefanovský potok in der traditionellen Landschaft Záhorie. Das Ortszentrum liegt auf einer Höhe von  und ist 12 Kilometer von Senica gelegen.

Geschichte
Štefanov wurde zum ersten Mal 1392 in einer Donationsurkunde schriftlich erwähnt. 1828 sind 269 Häuser und 1.884 Einwohner verzeichnet.

1945–2003 gab es im Gemeindegebiet Erdölförderung.

Bevölkerung
Ergebnisse der Volkszählung 2001 (1633 Einwohner):

Weblinks

Ort in der Slowakei
Ersterwähnung 1392

Štefanov


Erwin Zajiček (geboren 22. November 1890 in Fröllersdorf, Österreich-Ungarn; gestorben 29. Oktober 1976 in Poysdorf) war ein tschechoslowakisch-österreichischer Politiker und der zuletzt gestorbene deutsche Minister der Tschechoslowakei der Zwischenkriegszeit.

Leben
Der als Sohn eines Lehrers geborene Zajiček besuchte die Volksschule in Bratelsbrunn, das Gymnasium in Nikolsburg und schließlich die Lehrerbildungsanstalt der Schulbrüder in Wien-Strebersdorf. Hier legte er 1910 die Berufsreifeprüfung ab.

1910 trat er seinen Dienst als Volksschullehrer in Nikolsburg an. Weitere Dienstorte waren Pohrlitz, Pollau und Neusiedl. 1914 legte er die Prüfung als Bürgerschullehrer ab und leistete ab 1915 zunächst als Soldat und später als Offizier seinen Kriegsdienst an der russischen und italienischen Front. Er wurde verwundet und bekam die große silberne Tapferkeitsmedaille verliehen.

Ab 1920 war er als Fachlehrer an der Bürgerschule Feldsberg tätig und ab 1930 an der Bürgerschule Znaim. Unterbrochen wurde seine Unterrichtstätigkeit durch das Amt eines Ministers ohne Portefeuille in der tschechoslowakischen Regierung, das er am 2. Juli 1936 antrat. Nach seinem Rücktritt 1938 war er bis 1942, als er zur deutschen Wehrmacht eingezogen wurde, wieder als Lehrer an der Hauptschule in Znaim tätig.

Zu Kriegsende geriet er in sowjetische Gefangenschaft, kam Ende 1946 frei und fand seine unterdessen aus der Heimat vertriebene Familie in Wien wieder. Später siedelte er sich mit seiner Familie in Poysdorf in Niederösterreich an, wo er bis zu seiner Pensionierung 1955 unterrichtete.

Erwin Zajiček verstarb am 29. Oktober 1976 in Poysdorf, wo er auch beigesetzt wurde.

Politik

Erwin Zajicek war ab 1911 Mitglied der Deutschen Christlich-Sozialen Volkspartei.

In der Zwischenkriegszeit initiierte er die Gründung des Willmann-Bundes, der eine Vereinigung deutscher katholischer Lehrer in der Tschechoslowakei darstellte. Als aktivistischer Politiker setzte er sich für die Zusammenarbeit deutscher und tschechischer Parteien ein.

1925, 1929 und 1935 wurde er als Abgeordneter der Deutschen Christlich-Sozialen Volkspartei in das  Tschechoslowakische Abgeordnetenhaus gewählt. Außerdem war er erster Obmann-Stellvertreter in der Partei. Am 2. Juli 1936 wurde er Minister ohne Geschäftsbereich in der tschechoslowakischen Regierung. Sein Rücktritt und die Selbstauflösung der Partei 1938 beendete seine politische Karriere in der Tschechoslowakei.

Nach 1945 gehörte Erwin Zajiček der Österreichischen Volkspartei an, wo er so wie in seiner Funktion als Leiter des Dachverbands der Südmährer in Österreich, die er zwischen 1962 und 1974 innehatte, vor allem die Interessen der Heimatvertriebenen vertrat. Er war auch eine treibende Kraft, als auf dem Schweinbarther Berg bei Kleinschweinbarth 1963 das Südmährerkreuz geweiht und ebenfalls 1963 das erste sogenannte Kreuzbergtreffen der Südmährer organisiert wurde.

Literatur
 Fritz Wertheimer: Von deutschen Parteien und Parteiführern im Ausland. 2. Auflage. Zentral-Verlag, Berlin 1930, S. 201f.
 Der Südmährer – Zeitschrift für die Kreise: Znaim, Nikolsburg, Zlabings und Neubistritz. November 1975, herausgegeben vom Südmährischen Landschaftsrat in der Sudetendeutschen Landsmannschaft, Geislingen an der Steige.
 Mads Ole Balling: Von Reval bis Bukarest: statistisch-biographisches Handbuch der Parlamentarier der deutschen Minderheiten in Ostmittel- und Südosteuropa 1919–1945. Bd. 1. Dokumentation Verlag, Kopenhagen 1991, ISBN 87-983829-4-2, S. 395f.

Weblinks

 Erwin Zajicek. auf: suedmaehren.at
 Das Ende der Partei. In: Karl Bosl (Hrsg.): Die Erste Tschechoslowakische Republik als multinationaler Parteienstaat. Oldenbourg Verlag, München/ Wien 1979, ISBN 3-486-49181-4, S. 286.

Fußnoten

Minister (Tschechoslowakei)
Abgeordneter des Tschechoslowakischen Abgeordnetenhauses
DCSVP-Mitglied
ÖVP-Mitglied
Vertriebenenfunktionär
Person im Ersten Weltkrieg (Österreich-Ungarn)
Tschechoslowakischer Emigrant
Person (Cisleithanien)
Tschechoslowake
Österreicher
Geboren 1890
Gestorben 1976
Mann

Erwin Zajicek


Berekböszörmény é um município da Hungria, situado no condado de Hajdú-Bihar. Tem  de área e sua população em 2015 foi estimada em 1.923 habitantes.

Localidades de Hajdú-Bihar

Berekböszörmény


El Stade Omnisport Ahmadou Ahidjo (Estadio Ahmadou Ahidjo) es un estadio multiusos ubicado en la ciudad de Yaundé, Camerún. El estadio fue inaugurado en 1972 para albergar una de las sedes de la Copa Africana de Naciones de aquel año. El recinto posee una capacidad para 38 000 personas y debe su nombre a Ahmadou Ahidjo primer presidente de Camerún tras la independencia del país en 1960.

Se utiliza principalmente para partidos de fútbol y competencias de atléticas, actualmente es utilizado por los dos equipos más importantes de la ciudad, el Canon Yaoundé y el Tonerre Yaoundé, además de ser utilizado como escenario para los partidos de la Selección de fútbol de Camerún.

En 2005 se realizó una ampliación para aumentar la capacidad del estadio a la actual. En 1988, Roger Milla disputó en este estadio un partido con una selección de jugadores internacionales, debido a su retiro.

En 2021 fue uno de los seis estadios sedes de la Copa Africana de Naciones 2021.

Eventos Importantes

Copa Africana de Naciones 1972
- El Estadio Ahmadou Ahidjo albergó ocho partidos de la Copa Africana de Naciones 1972.

 Copa Africana de Naciones 2021
- El Estadio Ahmadou Ahidjo albergó 12 partidos de la Copa Africana de Naciones 2021.''

Véase también
 Anexo:Estadios de fútbol de Camerún

Referencias

Enlaces externos

worldstadiums.com - Stade Ahmadou Ahidjo

Estadios de fútbol de Camerún
Yaundé
Canon Yaoundé
Tonnerre Yaoundé
Estadios de la Copa Africana de Naciones 1972
Estadios de la Copa Africana de Naciones 2021
Estadios de fútbol inaugurados en 1972
Camerún en 1972
Estadios del Campeonato Femenino Africano de Fútbol
Estadios de la final de la Liga de Campeones de la CAF
Estadios de la final de la Copa Africana de Naciones
Estadios de atletismo de Camerún
Estadios nacionales

Estadio Ahmadou Ahidjo


The Lord of the ring : The Return of the King යනු පීටර් ජැක්සන් විසින් සම රචනා කළ සම නිෂ්පාදනය කළ මනඃකල්පිත වීර චරිත චිත්‍රපටයකි. මෙය ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් J.R.R වොල්‍කීන්ගේ 'The Lord of the Rings' කෘතියෙහි තුන්වන වෙළුම මත පදනම් වී ඇති අතර (නමුත් දෙවන වෙළුමෙහි කොටස් ද ඇතුළත් වේ.) එය 'The Lord of the Rings' චිත්‍රපට ත්‍රිත්වයෙහි අවසාන චිත්‍රපටය වේ. එය 'The Fellowship of the Rings' සහ 'The Two Towers' අනුව දිවෙන අතර සම චිත්‍රපටවලට සමගාමීව චිත්‍රපටයට නගා ඇත.

සවුරන් විසින් භූමි මධ්‍යය ආක්‍රමණය කිරීමේදී ඔහුගේ අවසාන අදියර දියත් කිරීමත් සමග, මායාකාර ගැන්ඩාෆ් සහ රෝහන්හි රජු තිඔඩන් විසින් ඉදිරියෙන් පැමිණෙන තර්ජනයෙන් ගොන්ඩර්හි අගනුවර වන මිනාස් ටිරිත් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට සිය හමුදාවන් රැස් කරනු ලබයි. ඇරගන් අවසානයේදී ගොන්ඩර් අත්පත් කරගන්නා අතර ඔහු විසින් සෞරන් පරාජය කිරීම පිණිස උදවු ලබා ගැනීමට භූත සේනාවක් කැඳවයි. අවසානයේදී ආයුධවල සියලු බලයන් හමුදාව සතු වුවද ඔවුන්ට ජයගත නොහැකි බව ඔවුන් තේරුම් ගනී; හොබිට්ස්, ෆ්‍රෝඩෝ, සහ සෑමි යන තිදෙනාට මුද්දේ වගකීම පැවරෙන අතර ගොලමි ඔවුන්ට ද්‍රෝහි වේ, අවසානයේදී ඔවුන් මෝඩෝහි One Ring විනාශ කරනු ලැබේ.

2003 නොවැම්බර් 17 වන දින නිකුත් වූ 'The Lord of the ring : The Return of the King' චිත්‍රපටය, වැඩිම විවේචක ප්‍රසාදය දිනූ චිත්‍රපටි අතරින් 1 ක් සහ මෙතෙක් වැඩිම බොක්ස් ඔෆිස් සම්මානය ලැබූ චිත්‍රපටය බවට පත් විය. එය යෝජිත ඇකඩමි සම්මාන එකොළහම ජයග්‍රහණය කළ අතර, එමගින් මෙය වැඩිම ඇකඩමි සම්මාණ ජයග්‍රහණය වෙනුවෙන් 'ටයිටැනික්' සහ 'බෙන් - හර්' චිත්‍රපට සමග සම තත්වයට පත් වේ. මෙය හොඳම චිත්‍රපටය සඳහා ඇකඩමි සම්මානයද ජයග්‍රහණය කළ අතර මනඃකල්පිත චිත්‍රපටයකට ඉතිහාසයේ පළමුවරට ලද සම්මානය එය විය.එසේම එය 'ටයිටැනික්' චිත්‍රපටයට පිටුපසින් සිටිමින් මෙතෙක් ලොව පුරා දෙවැනි වැඩිම ආදායම් ලද චිත්‍රපටය බවටද, චිත්‍රපට මාලාවෙහි වැඩිම සාර්ථකත්වය ලැබූ චිත්‍රපටය බවටද පත් විය. මෙහි විශේෂ දීර්ඝ කරන ලද සංස්කරණය, චිත්‍රපටයේ විවිධ කොටස් සහිත අතිරේක මිනිත්තු 52 න් සමන්විත වන අතර එහි DVD තැටිය 2004 දෙසැම්බර් 14 වැනි දින නිකුත් කරන ලදී.

ද ලෝර්ඩ් ඔෆ් ද රින්ග් චිත්‍රපටිය(The Lord of the ring): The Return of the King


نادي ريو برانكو الرياضي (بالبرتغالية: Rio Branco Esporte Clube) نادي كرة قدم برازيلي . تم تأسيس النادي في سنة 1913 .

أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1913
أندية كرة قدم في البرازيل
أندية كرة قدم في ساو باولو (ولاية)
تأسيسات سنة 1913 في البرازيل

نادي ريو برانكو


An Brachiaria humidicola in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Alfred Barton Rendle, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Herold Georg Wilhelm Johannes Schweickerdt. An Brachiaria humidicola in nahilalakip ha genus nga Brachiaria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Brachiaria

Brachiaria humidicola


Bickford Shmeckler's Cool Ideas est un film américain, sorti en 2006.

Synopsis

Fiche technique
 Titre : Bickford Shmeckler's Cool Ideas
 Réalisation : Scott Lew
 Scénario : Scott Lew
 Pays d'origine : États-Unis
 Genre : comédie
 Date de sortie : 2006

Distribution
 Patrick Fugit : Bickford Shmeckler
 Olivia Wilde : Sarah Witt
 Deon Richmond : Red
 Fran Kranz : Ralph
 John Cho : Bob
 Chris Weitz : Sheldon Schmeckler (voix)
 J. D. Walsh : Fred
 Reid Scott : Trent
 Genevieve Padalecki : Toga Hussy
 Robert Ben Garant : Campus Cop
 Thomas Lennon : Campus Cop
 Matthew Lillard : Spaceman
 Wes Ramsey : Rob the make-out guy
 Simon Helberg : Al
 Mageina Tovah : Sam
 Cheryl Hines : Professeur Adams
 Tiffany Dupont : Sœur Alpha Zeta
 Clark Gregg : éditeur

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 2006
Comédie américaine

Bickford Shmeckler's Cool Ideas


Jorge Adolfo Lesser García-Huidobro es un ingeniero, consultor y empresario chileno, actual presidente del directorio de las sanitarias locales Essbio y Esval.

Se formó en el Saint George's College de la capital, desde donde egresó en el año 1973, y en la Universidad de Chile, casa de estudios en la que se tituló como ingeniero civil industrial con mención en electricidad en 1979.

Inició su vida laboral apenas egresado de la universidad en Forestal S.A. como ingeniero del departamento de estudios. Luego pasó a Celulosa Arauco y Constitución, donde ocupó cargos gerenciales hasta 1988, y a Pesquera Coloso, donde permaneció hasta 1990.

En el curso de dicha década se vinculó con el sector energético, llegando a ser gerente de finanzas (1990-1995), gerente de la división internacional (1995-1998) y subgerente general (1998-1999) de la Empresa Nacional de Electricidad (Endesa).

Entre 1999 y 2010 colaboró estrechamente con la familia Edwards en la gestión de sus empresas, destacándose su participación en el directorio de El Mercurio SAP, matriz del diario capitalino El Mercurio.

Desde 2008 participó en las firmas de servicios chilenas controladas por el fondo canadiense Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan  (OTPP), de Toronto, vínculo que en 2011 lo llevó a sus cargos actuales.

Referencias

Presidentes de Essbio
Presidentes de Esval
Ingenieros de Chile
Empresarios de Chile
Alumnado del Saint George's College, Santiago
Alumnado de la Universidad de Chile
Personas vivas
Familia García-Huidobro

Jorge Lesser


මහජනයාගේ සෞඛ්‍යයට බලපාන ප්‍රබලතම කරුණු වන්නේ ජනාවාර්ගිකත්වයයි. විකිපීඩියාවෙහි අන්තර්ගත "ජනවාර්ගිකත්වය" යන සටහන යටතේ ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම් වලට අයත් ජාතීන් අතර ඇති වෙනස්කම් පැහැදිලි කර ඇත. තවද ජනවාර්ගිකත්වය යනු මිනිසුන්ගේ චර්යාව හා ස්වාභාවය මනින කරුණක් නොව එය සමාජය විසින් ගොඩනගා ගත් අර්ථකතනයක් බවත් පෙන්වා දී ඇත. එමෙන්ම ජනවාර්ගීක කණ්ඩායමක සමාජිකත්වය තුළින් එම කණ්ඩායමට ආවේණික සෞඛ්‍ය අවශ්‍යතා සහ අවධානම් ගැන ව්‍යංගනය කරයි. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස "Ashkenazi jewish" යන නමින් තමන් හඳුන්වන මිනිසුන්ගේ ජන්ම උරුමයක් ලෙස සැලකෙන, කුඩා අවධියේ වැළදෙන tay - sache රෝගය පෙන්වා දිය හැකිය. එමෙන්ම බටහිර අප්‍රිකානුවන් දෑකැති සෛල රක්ත හීනතාව ( sickle) නැමති ජාන රෝගය ( Dyson s 1998, සමාජ විද්‍යාව සහ වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව යටතේ ඇති ජනවාර්ගිකත්වය සහ හිමොග්ලොබින් - 37,1:121 -131 ) ට ගොදුරුව ඉපදිමේ ඉහළ ප්‍රතිශතය ඊට නිදසුනක් ලෙස පෙන්වා දිය හැකිය. එමෙන්ම බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය වෛද්‍ය සඟරාවේ කතුවැකියේ දැක්වෙන පරිදි  "lactose intolerance" නම් රෝගය , 25% ක ප්‍රතිශතයක් සුදු යුරෝපියානුවන්ටද, 50% -80% ක පමණ ඉන්දියානුවන්ට ද, එමෙන්ම නැගෙනහිර යුරෝපිය යුදෙව්වන්ටද වැළදෙන අතර ඇමරිකානු ඉන්දියානුවන්ට වැළදිමේ ප්‍රතිශතය 100% කි. ජනවාර්ගික සෞඛ්‍ය පිළිබඳව වූ විද්‍යාව හෝ ජනවාර්ගිකත්වය  සහ සෞඛ්‍ය පිළිබඳ විශ්ලේෂණ සහ සුළු ජාතික ජනවාර්ගික කණ්ඩායම් වල සෞඛ්‍ය අවශ්‍යතා සපුරාලීමට ඇති සේවාවන්හි දියුණුව තාමත් ආරම්භක මට්ටමේ පවතී. (Jonoson MRD 'ජනවාර්ගිකත්වය'  (Eds killoran A swann c, Kelly M)  පොදු සෞඛ්‍ය සාධකය : පොදු ජනතාවගේ සෞඛ්‍ය තත්ත්වය වෙනස් කිරීම oxford විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ මුද්‍රණාලය 2006)

ඇමරිකාවේ සුළු ජන කොටස්වල අවශ්‍යතාවන් පිළිබඳව නවතම තොරතුරු, ඇමරිකා එක්සත් ජනපදයේ සුළු ජාතීන්ගේ සෞඛ්‍ය කටයුතු පිළිබදව වූ කාර්යාලයෙන් ලබාදෙයි. සෞඛ්‍ය ආරක්ෂන කටයුතුවල නියැළෙන වෘත්තියවේදින්ට සහ ප්‍රජා කණ්ඩායම් වලට සේවාවන් සැපයීමට අවශ්‍ය සම්පත් සහ තොරතුරු ඇතුලත් විශේෂ පොත් සහිත පුස්තකාලයක් එක්සත් රාජධානියේ ජාතික සෞඛ්‍ය සේවාවන් මඟින්  ඉදිකර ඇත. මේ ආකාරයෙන් මෙවැනි සම්පත් මධ්‍යස්ථාන රාශියක් බිහිවෙමින් පවති. (බහු සංස්කෘතික මානසික සෞඛ්‍ය ඔස්ට්‍රේලියාව - වැනි )

වර්ගයා සහ සෞඛ්‍යය


Philothée d'Alexandrie, est un  patriarche melkite d'Alexandrie  de 1435 ? à 1459 ?

Contexte
Philothée reçu l'invitation à participer au Concile de Florence.

Notes et références

Bibliographie

Patriarche orthodoxe d'Alexandrie du XVe siècle
Date de décès incertaine (XVe siècle)

Philothée d'Alexandrie