Thomas Edwin Mix (born Thomas Hezikiah Mix; January 6, 1880 – October 12, 1940) was an American film actor and the star of many early Western films between 1909 and 1935. He appeared in 291 films, all but nine of which were silent films. He was Hollywood's first Western star and helped define the genre as it emerged in the early days of the cinema.

Early years
Thomas Hezikiah Mix was born January 6, 1880, in Mix Run, Pennsylvania, approximately  north of State College, to Edwin Elias Mix and Elizabeth Heistand. He grew up in nearby DuBois, where his father, a stable master for a wealthy lumber merchant, taught him to ride and love horses. He spent time working on a local farm owned by John DuBois, a lumber businessman.

In April 1898, during the Spanish–American War, Mix enlisted in the Army under the name Thomas E. (Edwin) Mix. His unit never went overseas, and Mix later failed to return for duty after an extended furlough when he married Grace I. Allin on July 18, 1902. Mix was listed as AWOL on November 4, 1902, but was never court-martialed. His marriage to Allin was annulled after one year. In 1905, Mix married Kitty Jewel Perinne, and this marriage also ended within a year. He next married Olive Stokes on January 10, 1909, in Medora, North Dakota. On July 13, 1912, Olive gave birth to their daughter Ruth.

In 1905, Mix rode in President Theodore Roosevelt's inaugural parade with a group of 50 horsemen led by Seth Bullock, which included several former Rough Riders. Years later, Hollywood publicists muddled this event to imply that Mix had been a Rough Rider himself.

Mix went to Oklahoma and lived in Guthrie, working as a bartender and other odd jobs. He was briefly night marshal of Dewey, in 1911. He worked at the Miller Brothers 101 Ranch, one of the largest ranching businesses in the United States, covering , hence its name. The ranch had its own touring Wild West show in which Mix appeared. He stood out as a skilled horseman and expert shot, winning national riding and roping contests at Prescott, Arizona, in 1909, and Canon City, Colorado, in 1910.

Mix was a Freemason.

Film career

Selig Polyscope

Mix began his film career as a supporting cast member with the Selig Polyscope Company. His first appearance was in a short film, The Cowboy Millionaire, released on October 21, 1909. In 1910, he appeared as himself in a short documentary film, Ranch Life in the Great Southwest, in which he displayed his skills as a cattle wrangler. Shot in Dewey, Oklahoma with Selig studio cameramen, the film was a success, and Mix became an early motion picture star.

Mix performed in more than 100 films for Selig, many of which were filmed in Las Vegas, New Mexico. While with Selig he co-starred in several films with Victoria Forde, and they fell in love. He divorced Olive Stokes in 1917. By then, Selig Polyscope had encountered severe financial difficulties, and Mix and Forde both subsequently signed with Fox Film Corporation, which had leased the Edendale studio. They married in 1918 and had a daughter, Thomasina (Tommie) Mix, in February 1922.

Mixville

Mix made more than 160 cowboy films throughout the 1920s. These featured action-oriented scripts contrasted with the documentary style of his work with Selig. Heroes and villains were sharply defined and a clean-cut cowboy always saved the day. Millions of American children grew up watching his films on Saturday afternoons. His horse, "Tony the Wonder Horse", also became a celebrity. Mix did his own stunts and was frequently injured.

In 1913, Mix moved his family to a ranch he purchased in Prescott named Bar Circle A Ranch. Some of his movies were filmed in his Prescott home. During this time, Mix had success in the local Prescott Frontier Days rodeo, which claims to be the "world's oldest rodeo". In 1920, he took first prize in a bull-riding contest. The Bar Circle A Ranch has been developed into a planned community called Yavapai Hills, where there is a street named Bar Circle A Road.

Mix's salary at Fox reached $7,500 a week. Gossip columnist Louella Parsons wrote that he had his initials in electric lights on the top of his house. His performances were realistic with action stunts, horseback riding, attention-grabbing cowboy costumes, and showmanship. At the Edendale lot, Mix built a  shooting set called Mixville. Loaded with western props and furnishings, it has been described as a "complete frontier town, with a dusty street, hitching rails, a saloon, jail, bank, doctor's office, surveyor's office, and the simple frame houses typical of the early Western era". Near the back of the lot an Indian village of lodges was ringed by miniature plaster mountains. The set also included a simulated desert, a large corral, and (to facilitate interior shots) a ranch house with no roof.

Mix threatened to move to Argentina to make films or to join the circus, but eventually he signed with FBO, which he then left for Universal after salary disputes with FBO studio head Joseph P. Kennedy. He called Kennedy a "tight-assed, money-crazy son of a bitch".

Mix became friends with Wyatt Earp, who lived in Los Angeles and occasionally visited Hollywood western movie sets. He was a pallbearer at Earp's funeral in January 1929.  The newspapers reported that Mix cried during his friend's service.

1930s
Mix appeared with the Sells-Floto Circus in 1929, 1930, and 1931 at a reported weekly salary of $20,000 (). He and Forde divorced in 1931. Meanwhile, the Great Depression (along with the actor's free-spending ways and many wives) reportedly had wiped out most of his savings. In 1932, he married his fifth wife, Mabel Hubbell Ward. Universal Pictures approached him that year with an offer to perform in "talkies," which included script and cast approval. He acted in nine films for Universal, but because of injuries he received while filming, he was reluctant to do any more. Mix then appeared with the Sam B. Dill circus, which he reportedly bought two years later (1935).

Mix's last screen appearance was a 15-episode sound Mascot Pictures serial, The Miracle Rider (1935); he received $40,000 for the four weeks of filming. Outdoor action sequences for the production were filmed primarily on the Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, California, on the outskirts of Los Angeles. The site was known for its huge sandstone boulders, and one of them later became known as Tom Mix Rock when it was discovered it had been used in The Miracle Rider. In one episode, Mix was filmed descending from the top of the rock, with boot holes carved into it to assist him in making the descent. The rock and the boot holes, although unmarked, is in the Garden of the Gods park in Chatsworth.

Also in 1935, Texas governor James V. Allred named Mix an honorary Texas Ranger. Mix returned to circus performing, now with his eldest daughter Ruth, who appeared in some of his films. In 1938, he went to Europe on a promotional trip, leaving Ruth behind to manage the circus. Without him, however, the circus soon failed, and he later excluded her from his will. Mix had reportedly made over $6 million (equivalent to $ million in ) during his 26-year film career.

Radio

In 1933, Ralston Purina obtained his permission to produce the radio series Tom Mix Ralston Straight Shooters, which, but for one year during World War II, was popular throughout most of the 1930s through the early 1950s, well after Mix's death. Mix never appeared on these broadcasts (his voice, damaged by a bullet to the throat and repeated broken noses, was not fit for radio) and was instead played by radio actors: Artells Dickson (early 1930s), Jack Holden (from 1937), Russell Thorsen (early 1940s) and Joe "Curley" Bradley (from 1944). Others in the supporting cast included George Gobel, Harold Peary and Willard Waterman.

The Ralston company offered ads during the radio program for listeners to send in for a series of 12 special Ralston–Tom Mix comic books available only by writing the Ralston Company by mail.

Most of Mix's radio work has been lost over the years; recordings of only approximately 30 scattered episodes, and no complete story arcs, survive.

Death

On October 12, 1940, after visiting Pima County Sheriff Ed Echols in Tucson, Arizona, Mix was killed when his car overturned while he was taking a detour 18 miles south of Florence, Arizona. He was 60 years old.

His funeral took place at the Little Church of the Flowers in Glendale, California, on October 16, 1940, and was attended by thousands of people. He is buried in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery.

A small stone memorial marks the site of his death on State Route 79, and the nearby gully is known as "Tom Mix Wash". The marker bears the inscription: "In memory of Tom Mix, whose spirit left his body on this spot and whose characterization and portrayals in life served to better fix memories of the old West in the minds of living men."

Legacy

Tom Mix was the acknowledged "King of Cowboys" when Ronald Reagan and John Wayne were young, and the influence of his screen persona can be seen in their approach to portraying cowboys. When an injury caused football player Marion Morrison (later known as John Wayne) to drop out of the University of Southern California, Mix helped him find work moving props in the back lot of Fox Studios. That was the beginning of Wayne's Hollywood career.

Mix made 291 movies throughout his career. As of 2007, only about 10% of these were known to be available for viewing, though it is unclear how many are now considered lost films. The 1937 Fox vault fire lost most of the archive of his films made with Fox.

For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Mix has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1708 Vine Street. His cowboy boot prints, palm prints and the hoof prints of his horse, Tony, are at Grauman's Chinese Theatre, at 6925 Hollywood Boulevard. In 1958 Mix was inducted posthumously into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. In 1959, a "Monument to the Stars" was erected on Beverly Drive (where it intersects Olympic Boulevard and becomes Beverwil) in Beverly Hills. The memorial consists of a bronze-green spiral of sprocketed "camera film" above a multi-sided tower, embossed with full-length likenesses of early stars who appeared in famous silent movies. Those memorialized include Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, Will Rogers, Conrad Nagel, Rudolph Valentino, Fred Niblo, Harold Lloyd, and Mix. There is also a Tom Mix museum in Dewey, Oklahoma. Additionally, from 1986 to 2002 there existed another museum in his birthplace of Mix Run, Pennsylvania. Between 1980 and 2004, 21 Tom Mix festivals were held during the month of September, most of them in DuBois, Pennsylvania.

Comic book appearances

Tom Mix was often portrayed in comic books, primarily during the heyday of Western-themed comics, the 1940s and 1950s.

He was first featured in 11 issues of Dell Comics' The Comics from 1937 to 1938.

The Ralston Purina Company, a sponsor of the radio series, produced nine issues of Tom Mix Comics in 1940–1941, and three issues of Tom Mix Commandos Comics in 1942. The 36-page comics were available by mail order, for two boxtops of any Ralston cereal.

Fawcett Comics published 61 issues of Tom Mix Western from 1948 to 1953.

Comics featuring Tom Mix were also published in Sweden, Germany, Canada, Australia, and Great Britain, including L. Miller & Son's Tom Mix Western Comics, which ran 85 issues from 1948 to 1951.

Cultural references

 Bruce Cockburn in his song Nicaragua refers to Augusto César Sandino wearing a Tom Mix hat.
 "Lynching in Mixville" is a short story by L.J. Washburn where Mix is almost arrested for the murder of a cowboy extra. The story appears in American Pulp, by Edward Gorman (Editor), Bill Pronzini (Editor), Martin Harry Greenberg (Editor) (1997) .
 Bruce Willis played Tom Mix in the 1988 Blake Edwards film Sunset, with James Garner as Wyatt Earp. The film was very loosely based on the fact that Earp and Mix knew each other when Earp was serving as a consultant during the silent film era.
 Daryl Ponicsan's novel Tom Mix Died for Your Sins (1975) evokes Mix's life and personality.
 Clifford Irving offered a pseudo-autobiographical version of Mix's early adulthood, drawing him as a brash young gringo who befriends and then joins up with the Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa in the novel Tom Mix and Pancho Villa (1982).
 In the 1998 film Smoke Signals, the Native protagonists Victor and Thomas have their seats taken by two white men. They then discuss how the cowboys always win. They discuss Tom Mix and John Wayne, and wind up singing a song about John Wayne's teeth, and how they are never visible in his movies.
 A resurrected Mix appeared in two of Philip José Farmer's Riverworld novels, The Dark Design (1977) and The Magic Labyrinth (1980), as a traveling companion of Jack London, along with a short story featured in the anthology Riverworld and Other Stories (1979).
 The ghost of Tom Mix haunted a Hollywood couple in the supernatural thriller The Ghosts of Edendale (2004).
 The United States Postal Service has commemorated Mix on a first-class mail postage stamp.
 There is a street named Tom Mix Trail in Prescott, Arizona and many streets in the Yavapai Hills neighborhood are named after Tom Mix's movies.
There is a street in Westfield, North Carolina named Tom Mix Rd Westfield, NC 27053 https://g.co/kgs/3vNBEJ
 In the 2008 Clint Eastwood film Changeling, the "imposter" son of Angelina Jolie's character cites meeting Tom Mix and riding his horse as his motive for concocting his false story.
 In the 2010 Boardwalk Empire episode "The Emerald City", Nucky Thompson's servant Eddie Kessler offers to frisk someone who's come to see him. Nucky chides him: "You're Tom Mix all of a sudden?"
 In the third episode of the second season of the 2014 Netflix show Peaky Blinders, Tommy Shelby interviews a prospective fall guy for his gang who is partial to homemade western garb and asks "Spend a lotta time at the pictures eh? Cowboy pictures, Tom Mix, Yeah?"
 The American artist Robert Ecker has incorporated Mix's trademark ten-gallon hat and his image in several works, including End of an Era (mezzotint, 1982) and Persistence of Imagery #25 (painting, 2013).
 In the season five episode entitled "Mulcahy's War" of the television series M*A*S*H, Father Mulcahy performs an emergency tracheotomy on an injured soldier with his Tom Mix pocketknife.
 An image of Mix appears prominently on the cover of the Beatles' 1967 album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.
 In the film Tombstone, starring Kurt Russell and Val Kilmer, during the closing credits reference is made to the fact that "Tom Mix wept" at Wyatt Earp's funeral.
 A passing reference is made about Mix in Season 3, Episode 2 of Downton Abbey.
 In the first episode of The Beverly Hillbillies, Jed Clampett mentions that he likes Tom Mix.

Filmography

References

Further reading

External links

 B-Westerns
 Tom Mix photographs
 Iverson Movie Ranch

 Tom Mix Museum

1880 births
1940 deaths
People from Cameron County, Pennsylvania
American children's radio programs
American Freemasons
American male film actors
American male silent film actors
Male actors from Pennsylvania
Road incident deaths in Arizona
United States Army soldiers
Male Western (genre) film actors
Wild West show performers
20th-century American male actors
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
20th Century Studios contract players
Deserters

Tom Mix


(hangeul :  ; RR : Nal Nokyeojuo) est une série télévisée sud-coréenne diffusée du  au  sur tvN.

Synopsis
Ma Dong-chan et Ko Mi-ran participent à une expérience de 24 heures où les deux sont congelés. Les choses ne se passent pas comme prévu et ils se réveillent de la capsule congelée 20 ans plus tard au lieu de 24 heures.

Distribution

Acteurs principaux
 Ji Chang-wook : Ma Dong-chan
 Won Jin-ah : Go Mi-ran
 Yoon Se-ah : Na Ha-yeong
 Chae Seo-jin : Na Ha-yeong (jeune)

Acteurs secondaires

Les gens autour de Ma Dong-chan
 Yoon Seok-hwa : Kim Won-jo, la mère de Dong-chan
 Kim Won-hae : Ma Pil-gu, le père de Dong-chan
 Kang Ki-doong : Ma Dong-sik, le frère cadet de Dong-chan
 Kim Won-hae : vieux Ma Dong-sik
 Han Da-sol : Ma Dong-joo, la sœur cadette de Dong-chan
 Jeon Soo-kyung : vieux Ma Dong-joo
 Lee Joo-young : Lee Hae-jin, la femme de Dong-sik
 Lee Do-gyeom : Baek Young-tak, le mari de Dong-joo
 Lee Do-yeob : vieux Baek Young-tak
 Oh Ah-rin : Ma Seo-yoon, la fille de Dong-sik et Hae-jin

Les gens autour de Do Mi-ran
 Gil Hae-yeon : Yoo Hyang-ja, mère de Mi-ran
 Park Choong-sun : Ko Yoo-han, père de Mi-ran
 Park Min-soo : Go Nam-tae, frère cadet de Mi-ran
 Yoon Na-moo : Go Nam-tae (adulte)

Les gens à la station de radiodiffusion
 Im Won-hee : Son Hyeon-gi
 Lee Hong-gi : Son Hyeon-gi (jeune)
 Jung Hae-kyun : Kim Hong-seok
 Han Jae-yi : producteur Su
 Hong Seo-baek : producteur Lee

Les gens du campus
 Cha Sun-woo : Hwang Byung-shim, l'ex-petit ami de Mi-ran et le mari de Young-seon
 Shim Hyung-tak : vieux Hwang Byung-shim
 Song Ji-eun : Oh Young-seon, la meilleure amie de Mi-ran et la femme de Byung-shim
 Seo Jeong-yeon : la vieille Oh Young-seon
 Oh Ha-nee : Park Kyung-ja, le meilleur ami de Mi-ran et Young-seon
 Park Hee-jin : vieux Kyung-ja
 Choi Bo-min : Hwang Ji-hoon, le fils de Byung-shim et Young-seon
 Kang Yoo-suk : Baek Young-joon
 Lee Bong-ryun : Park Yoo-ja

Autres
 Seo Hyung-chul : Hwang Gab-soo, professeur d'expériences scientifiques
 Lee Moo-saeng : Jo Ki-beom, l'assistant de Gab-soo
 Kim Wook : Jo Ki-beom (jeune)
 Seo Sang-won :  Yoon
 Kim Bup-rae : Lee Seok-doo / Lee Hyeong-doo
 Robin Deiana : Nicholai

Apparitions spéciales
 Tony An (épisode 1)
 Kim Soo-ro (épisode 6)
 Ra Mi-ran (épisode 6)
 Park Jin-young : Jang Woo-shin (épisode 14)

Diffusion
  tvN (2019)
  E Channel (2019)
  Star Chinese Channel (2020) / Star Entertainment Channel (2020) / Fox Taiwan (2021)
  Now TV (2020) / ViuTV (2020 / 2021-2022)
  TV3 (2020)
  ABS-CBN (2021)

Références

Liens externes

Série télévisée créée en 2019
Série télévisée disparue en 2019
Série télévisée sud-coréenne des années 2010
Série télévisée de TVN (Corée du Sud)
Série télévisée de fantasy
Série télévisée de comédie romantique
Série télévisée en coréen
Série télévisée de Studio Dragon

Melting Me Softly


Xanthi (, Xánthi, , ) is a city in the region of Western Thrace, northeastern Greece. It is the capital of the Xanthi regional unit of the region of East Macedonia and Thrace.

Amphitheatrically built on the foot of Rhodope mountain chain, the city is divided by the Kosynthos River, into the west part, where the old and the modern town are located, and the east part that boasts a rich natural environment. The "Old Town of Xanthi" is known throughout Greece for its distinctive architecture, combining many Byzantine Greek churches with neoclassical mansions of Greek merchants from the 18th and 19th centuries and Ottoman-Era mosques. Other landmarks in Xanthi include the Archaeological Museum of Abdera and the Greek Folk Art Museum.

Xanthi is famous throughout Greece (especially Macedonia and Thrace) for its annual spring carnival (Greek: καρναβάλι) which has a significant role in the city's economy. Over 40 cultural associations from around Greece participate in the carnival program. The festivities which take place during the period include concerts, theatre plays, music and dance nights, exhibitions, a cycling event, games on the streets, and re-enactments of old customs.

Name
There are two theories regarding the origin of its name: it was either named after a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, or after Xanthi, one of the Amazons that ruled the region, according to legend.

Xanthi is known as "İskeçe" in Turkish and "Скеча" (Skecha) or "Ксанти" (Ksanti) in Bulgarian.

History
Xanthi is sometimes identified with the ancient city of Xantheia mentioned in the 1st century BC by the geographer Strabo, but it was not mentioned by any other ancient historian. It began as a small village and experienced all the tumultuous periods of the history of Thrace, such as raids, disasters, ethnic conflicts, civil wars. The population of the region of Xanthi had dwindled down to almost nothing, as the region was depopulated in the 3rd century AD and almost everything had been destroyed when the Ottomans conquered the region in 1361. For this reason, the Ottomans brought settlers from within of Asia Minor, which is how Genisea (Γενισέα) was created, while Oraio (Ωραίο) and Xanthi remained mainly Greek and Christian centres.

Middle Ages
Known references to Xanthi (), or Xanthia (), the city's origins are obscure; it was a prosperous stronghold of the Byzantine era but latter became a colony of the Ottomans known as Eskije. Xanthi is first recorded in 879 (Bishop Georgios of Xantheia is reported as taking part in the Fourth Council of Constantinople).
From the 13th to the 14th century it was the most important city of the region. Three monasteries date from the Middle Ages: Pammegiston, Taxiarchon, and Panagia Archangeliotisa, although written records indicate several others now lost.
Xanthi featured in the campaign of Andronikos II Palaiologos in 1327.

Early modern

By 1715, Xanthi, as well as Genisea, became renowned for its tobacco quality. Many foreign sightseers traveled throughout the region and described both the life and struggles of the locals. The tobacco trade throughout Europe led Xanthi into a course of prosperity. George Demetriou was active in the Xanthi area during the Greek Revolution of 1821. In March and April 1829 two earthquakes leveled the city, however, they played a decisive role in the further developments as the city's rebuilding immediately got underway. In 1870, the city of Genisea was burned down and thus all of the agencies and services were transferred to Xanthi which, at that time, had a population of about 10,000 inhabitants. In 1891, a rail line was established near the city, while further economic development led to the founding of schools and associations. During the late period of Ottoman rule until 1912, the city was administratively located in the Sanjak of Gümülcine within the Adrianople Vilayet.

Balkan Wars
During the First Balkan War, Xanthi was captured by the Bulgarian army from the Ottomans in 8 November 1912. In the Second Balkan War the Greek army captured it in July 1913. However, with the Treaty of Bucharest, Xanthi along with Western Thrace were ceded to Bulgaria (where it was also called  Skecha), and remained a part of the latter until the end of World War I. Following the Bulgarian defeat in this war, Western Thrace came under Allied administration and on 4 October 1919 the Greek army under Georgios Leonardopoulos command entered the city. That date is today celebrated in Xanthi as the anniversary of its liberation. Second lieutenant Gavriel Ladas, who was from Xanthi, led the first Greek troops in the city. Ladas became the mayor of Xanthi from 1959 to 1964.

World War II

On 8 April 1941 the 164th Infantry Division captured Xanthi following the German invasion of Greece and the Germans passed the city to Bulgaria, who occupied the whole region east of Strymonas, except a small German zone near the border with Turkey. The city became the administrative center of the Bulgarian province of Belomorie and served as headquarters for the Bulgarian Second Army. During the Bulgarian occupation, more than 2,000 men from Xanthi, both Christians and Muslims were sent for forced labor in Bulgaria. On 4 March 1943 the Jews of Xanthi were arrested by the Bulgarians and imprisoned in a tobacco warehouse. On 18 and 19 March, they were deported to Nazi concentration camps in Poland. From a community of 550 people, only six Jews survived the Holocaust. The synagogue of Xanthi built in 1926 at the corner of Hatzistavrou and Anatolikis Thrakis streets, was used by Christian Associations and later abandoned. It was sold and demolished in 1995. The city was liberated following the 9 September coup d'etat in Bulgaria when partisans of the Greek People's Liberation Army entered the city and took over control without a fight. However, the Bulgarian army remained in the region until the end of October 1944 and it withdrew under pressure from the Allies.

Today

Nowadays Xanthi is a modern city, rich in history, traditions and customs, and with many attractions for the visitors (including the surrounding areas). Xanthi is known as the city of a thousand colours, and like Komotini (Gümülcine) and Didymoteicho (Dimetoka) has a large population of Turkish-speaking Muslims. The Muslim population of East Macedonia and Thrace dates to the Ottoman period, and unlike the Ottoman Muslims and Greek Muslims of Greek Macedonia and Crete was exempted from the 1922–23 Greek-Turkish population exchange following the Treaty of Lausanne. In 1972 the Greek authorities planned to demolish the landmark of the city, the clock tower, built by Pomak Hadji Emin Aga in 1870. This decision resulted in protests by the local Muslims and the plans were cancelled.

Transport

Road Transport

A few kilometers outside Xanthi, the Egnatia Motorway crosses Xanthi with Macedonia, Epirus and the rest of Thrace. The Xanthi Bus Station runs daily services to several cities throughout Greece. Xanthi is 206 km from Thessaloniki, 704 km from Athens, 397 km from Istanbul and 236 km from Edirne. On January 15, 2010, the Agios Konstantinos border crossing point between Greece and Bulgaria was inaugurated, 51 km from Xanthi, linking the nearby village of Thermi with the town of Zlatograd. Under construction is the vertical cross-border axis of Egnatia Road, which will connect Xanthi with the Bulgarian town of Rudozem.

Rail transport

Outside Xanthi is the Xanthi railway station on the Thessaloniki-Alexandroupoli line, with daily services to Thessaloniki and Alexandroupolis.

Air Transport

Xanthi does not have an airport. It is mainly served by Kavala Airport, 42 km away, and secondarily by Alexandroupolis Airport, 112 km away.

Municipality
The municipality Xanthi was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 2 former municipalities, that became municipal units:
Stavroupoli
Xanthi

The municipality has an area of 495.118 km2, the municipal unit 153.116 km2.

Communities
The municipal unit Xanthi is subdivided into the communities Evmoiro, Kimmeria and Xanthi. These communities contain the following settlements:
Evmoiro
Kallithea
Lamprino
Lefki
Nea Morsini
Palaia Morsini
Petrochori
Kimmeria
Gialisteri
Livadi
Pelekito
the abandoned villages Alikochori, Anthiro, Askyra, Eranos, Ketiki, Porta, Prioni and Ydrochori
Xanthi

Economy
Traditionally, the tobacco business, commerce, and farming have been the primary occupation of the residents of the area. During the last decades, tourism has also increased, especially during the period of the "festivals of the old town".

Population

Education
 Democritus University of Thrace
School of Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
Department of Environmental Engineering
Department of Architectural Engineering
Department of Production Management Engineering

Cultural events

Carnival and old town's festivals

The city has a rich history, tradition, and customs and it is the cultural center in the area. It is also considered a multi-cultural city and it has been characterized as "the city of the thousand colours". Xanthi's Carnival is very popular (every February) and is one of the most popular in Greece, while the "old town festival" (early September) is equally famous. Furthermore, the bazaar of Xanthi is famous and takes place at Emboriou Square every Saturday. In addition, the Manos Hatzidakis' festival attracts worldwide interest.

Museums

Folklore and Historical Museum of Xanthi
Εcclesiastical Museum Metropolis of Xanthi
Municipal Gallery of Xanthi
Museum of Natural History
Foundation of Thracian Art and Tradition
Museum of the History of the Greek Costume
Tobacco Museum
Manos Hadjidakis House

Sports

Xanthi FC, plays in the Super League Greece 2
Xanthi BC, played in the Greek A2 League
Aspida Xanthi, football (one appearance in the First League) and basketball
Orfeas Xanthi FC, football
Orion Xanthi, basketball

Famous people from Xanthi

 Manos Hadjidakis (1925–1994): Major Greek composer. Winner of the Academy Award for Best Original Song for his song Never on Sunday from the film of the same name.
 Şerif Gören: Turkish film director. Winner of 1982 Palme d'Or in Cannes Film Festival
 Yanaki Paskalev (1863–1933): Bulgarian revolutionary, member of IMORO
 Archbishop Christodoulos (1939–2008): former Archbishop of the Greek Orthodox Church
 Vasilis Torosidis: football player for Olympiacos F.C. and the Greece national football team
 Lambros Papantoniou (Mandra, Xanthi 1945-Washington, USA 2009): journalist, political analyst.
 Zafeiris Melas, contemporary Greek laïko singer.
 Çiğdem Asafoğlu, The Party of Friendship, Equality and Peace General President

International relations

Xanthi is twinned with:
 Smolyan, Bulgaria
 Novi Beograd, Serbia
 Gifhorn, Lower Saxony, Germany
 Biga, Turkey (since 2000)
 Bursa, Turkey
 Adra, Spain

Gallery

See also
Xanthi (regional unit)
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
Thrace
Western Thrace
Xanthi Carnival

References

 Messinas, E. (2022). The Synagogues of Greece: A Study of Synagogues in Macedonia and Thrace: With Architectural Drawings of all Synagogues of Greece. Seattle: KDP, pp. 133-144 and 197-199. .
 Μεσσίνας, Η. (2022). H Συναγωγή, Αθήνα: Εκδόσεις Ινφογνώμων, pp. 19-36.
 Μεσσίνας, Η. (1999). Oι Συναγωγές στην Ελλάδα, η αρχιτεκτονική τους και η σχέση τους με τον ιστό της πόλης και την εβραϊκή συνοικία: Συγκριτική μελέτη της ιστορίας και αρχιτεκτονικής των συναγωγών της Βορείου Ελλάδος, η θέση τους στην εβραϊκή συνοικία και η παρουσία τους στον πολεοδομικό ιστό από τον 15ο στον 20ο αιώνα. Διδακτορική διατριβή στο Τμήμα Αρχιτεκτόνων Μηχανικών Τομέα Πολεοδομίας και Χωροταξίας του ΕΜΠ, pp. 239-254.

External links
The old town of Xanthi – 3D Reconstruction
Democritus University of Thrace
Municipality of Xanthi
Thrace the land of Orpheus – Democritus University of Thrace
Cultural and Educational Technology Institute

Populated places in Xanthi (regional unit)
Greek prefectural capitals
Municipalities of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace

Xanthi


Die Finnish International 2008 fanden vom 3. bis zum 6. April 2008 in Helsinki statt. Es war die zwölfte Austragung dieser internationalen Meisterschaften von Finnland im Badminton.

Medaillengewinner

Weblinks
 tournamentsoftware.com

2008
Badminton 2008
Badmintonwettbewerb in Helsinki
BE Circuit 2007/08

Finnish International 2008


المعهد العالي للتصرف الصناعي بصفاقس هو مؤسسة عمومية تونسية للتعليم العالي في ميدان البيوتكنولوجيا تابع لوزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي والتكنولوجيا وتحت إشراف مباشر لجامعة صفاقس، أنشئ في جويلية 2002.

.

أرقام
 طبقا لأرقام 2007 -2008 يدرس بالمعهد 1327 طالبا من بينهم 756 طالبة.

الشهادات
يمنح المعهد الشهادات التالية:
 شهادات الإجازة التطبيقية:
 التصرف في الإنتاج بواسطة الحاسوب ؛
 التصرف في الجودة؛
 التصرف في التزويد.
 شهادات الإجازة الأساسية:
 التصرف في الإنتاج ؛
 لوجستيك أنظمة الإنتاج ؛
 التصرف في الجودة ؛
 الإعلامية المطبقة في التصرف.
 شهادات الماجستير:
 ماجستير البحث في علوم النقل واللوجستيك
 الماجستير المهنية في الإدارة المندمجة الجودة والأمن والمحيط
 الماجستير المهنية في التصرف حسب الأهداف

وصلة خارجية
 موقع المعهد العالي للتصرف الصناعي بصفاقس.

مراجع

التعليم في تونس
تعليم عال
جامعة صفاقس
معاهد علمية

المعهد العالي للتصرف الصناعي بصفاقس


An Anthurium langsdorffii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Wilhelm Schott. An Anthurium langsdorffii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Anthurium, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Anthurium

Anthurium langsdorffii


NK Vučetinec nogometni je klub iz Vučetinca. Trenutno se natječe u 2. ŽNL Međimurskoj.

Vučetinec

NK Vučetinec


An Heteropsis ecuadorensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Luis Aloysius, Luigi Sodiro. An Heteropsis ecuadorensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Heteropsis, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Ecuador. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Heteropsis (Araceae)

Heteropsis ecuadorensis


O-Mark (né Marco Frantz Junior Pierre, le  à Croix-des-Bouquets en Haïti), est un chanteur, auteur-compositeur-interprète haïtien.

Biographie
Originaire de la commune de la Croix-des-Bouquets, dernier né d'une famille de 7 enfants, O-Mark est un jeune chanteur et rappeur haïtien.
O-Mark a commencé sa carrière musicale en 2020 à l'âge de 19 ans. Il est influencé par des artistes dont BélO, Kenny, Mandela, Fantom, entre autres.

O-Mark prône l'inclusion sociale des personnes handicapées dans ses productions musicales.

« Après ce cri en faveur des personnes atteintes de handicap, le chanteur a mis en ligne, depuis le 15 décembre,  quatre autres chansons. "Pawòl la", "Sa li fè pou Mwen", "Pasaj Oblije", "Andikap li pa limite l" et "Yo Bare pasaj Mwen"...», rapporte le média Loop Haiti.

Discographie
 Pawòl la, 2020
 Sa li fè pou mwen, 2020
 Pasaj oblije, 2020
 Andikap li pa limite l, 2021
 Yo bare pasaj mwen, 2021

Liens externes
Chaine YouTube de O-Mark

Notes et références

Chanteur haïtien
Musicien haïtien
Auteur-compositeur-interprète francophone
Naissance en janvier 2001
Naissance à Croix-des-Bouquets

O-Mark


මන්දාකිනී (උපත යස්මීන් ජෝසෆ් ලෙස, 1963 ජූලි 30) යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ හිටපු බොලිවුඩ් නිළියකි. ඇය වඩාත්ම ප්‍රකට වූයේ 1985 චිත්‍රපටයක් වූ රාම් තේරී ගංගා මේලී හි ඇගේ රංගනය නිසායි.

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

බාහිර සබැඳි

 Mandakini's profile on Facebook

උත්තර් ප්‍රදේශ් හි නිළියෝ
1969 උපත්
ජීවත්වන්නෝ
මීරට් හි ජනයා
ඉන්දියානු චිත්‍රපට නිළියෝ

මන්දාකිනී (නිළිය)


ඩෙන්මාර්ක රජ පවුලේ ප්‍රධානියා දෙවන මාග්‍රෙත් රැජින වේ. දෙවන මාග්‍රෙත් රැජින හැර ඩෙන්මාර්ක රාජකීය පවුලේ සියලුම සාමාජිකයින් ඩෙන්මාර්කයේ කුමරු/කුමරිය හෝ මොන්පෙසාට් හි කවුන්ට්වරයා/කවුන්ටස්වරිය යන පදවි නාමය දරයි . රජතුමාගේ දරුවන්, දරුවන්ගේ භාර්යාවන් සහ කිරුළ හිමි කුමරුගේ දරුවන් His /Her Royal Highness යන විලාසය පිරිනමනු ලබන අතර රාජවංශයේ අනෙකුත් කුමර,කුමරියන් His/Her Highness ලෙස ආමන්ත්‍රණය කරනු ලැබේ. කුමර,කුමරි පදවි නොදරන මොන්පෙසාට්හි කවුන්ට්වරයා/කවුන්ටස්වරිය යන පදවි පමණක් දරන රජ පවුලේ සමාජිකයන් His/Her Excellency ලෙස ආමන්ත්‍රණය කරනු ලැබේ. රැජින Her Majesty ලෙස ආමන්ත්‍රණය කරයි .

රැජින, රැජිනගේ සහෝදර සහෝදරියන් සහ රැජිනගේ පරම්පරාව ඕල්ඩන්බර්ග් රාජවංශයේ ශාඛාවක් වන ග්ලූක්ස්බර්ග් රාජවංශයට අයත් වේ . රැජිනගේ දරුවන් සහ පිරිමි පරම්පරාවෙන් පැවත එන්නන් ද ලැබෝර්ඩ් ද මොන්පෙසාට් පවුලට අයත් වන අතර , 2008 අප්‍රේල් 30 වැනි දින රාජකීය නියෝගයෙන් ඔවුන්ට මොන්පෙසාට්හි කවුන්ට්වරයා/කවුන්ටස්වරිය යන පදවි නාමය ලබා දෙන ලදී .

ප්‍රධාන සාමාජිකයන්

ඩෙන්මාර්ක රාජකීය පවුලට ඇතුළත් වන්නේ:

1.දෙවන මාග්‍රෙත් රැජින ( ප්‍රධානියා )

2.ඔටුන්න හිමි ෆ්‍රෙඩ්රික් කුමරු සහ ඔටුන්න හිමි මේරි කුමරිය (රැජිනගේ පුතා සහ ලේලිය)

3.ක්‍රිස්ටියන් කුමරු (රැජිනගේ මුනුපුරා)

4.ඉසබෙලා කුමරිය (රැජිනගේ මිනිබිරිය)

5.වින්සන්ට් කුමරු (රැජිනගේ මුණුපුරා)

6.ජොසෆින් කුමරිය (රැජිනගේ මිනිබිරිය)

7.ජෝකිම් කුමරු සහ මාරි කුමරිය (රැජිනගේ පුතා සහ ලේලිය)

8.නිකොලායි කවුන්ට්වරයා(රැජිනගේ වැඩිමහල් මුනුපුරා)

9.ෆීලික්ස් කවුන්ට්වරයා (රැජිනගේ මුනුපුරා)

10.හෙන්රික් කවුන්ට්වරයා (රැජිනගේ මුනුපුරා)

11.ඇතීනා කවුන්ටස්වරිය (රැජිනගේ මිනිබිරිය)

13.බෙනඩික්ට් කුමරිය (රැජිනගේ සහෝදරිය)

ඩෙන්මාර්ක රජ පවුල


Neomarksizam je naziv za teoretske pristupe kojima se od 1950.-ih do 1970.-ih godina nastojalo dopuniti i unaprijediti marksističku misao, povezivanjem s doprinosima iz drugih intelektualnih tradicija - od onih koje su razvijali frojdovski psihoanalitičari, do teorija koje su nakon Marxove smrti razvijali sociolozi, ekonomisti i drugi. Ta su nastojanja u prvom redu povezana s tzv. Frankfurtskom školom, tj. marksističkim misliocima koji su u vrijeme početka nacističke vladavine našli utočiše na univerzitetima u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, da bi vrhunac svjetskog ugleda i intelektualnog utjecaja taj neomarksistički krug dostigao nakon povratka u Njemačku 1960.-ih godina.

Prema A. Aratu, o nastanku neomarksizma govorimo kada njemački marksistički filozofi Max Horkheimer i Theodor Adorno početkom 1940.-ih godina definitivno odbacuju sagledavanje sovjetske verzije socijalizma i u toj zemlji službene varijante marksističke misli kao jedine moguće i prihvatljive, te odustaju od među marksistima tog doba općeprihvaćenog sagledavanja nadmoći neumoljivih "prirodnih" (materijalnih) procesa nad voljnom aktivnošću ljudi i društva, fetišiziranja planiranja u vođenju društvom, te od davanja (pre)velikog značaja državnoj vlasti kao najpogodnijem instrumentu upravljanja napretkom društva. Međutim, primjećuje A. Arato, i njih dvojica, a i drugi autori Frankfurtske škole su izbjegli napisati djelo u kojem bi na cjelovit i otvoreni način iznijeli kritiku socijalizma kakav je realno postojao u zemljama Istočnog bloka - jedini izuzetak od tog neomarksističkog suzdržavanja da se otvoreno pozabave stvarnošću realnih socijalističkih društava (koja ih je tema, očito, i te kako interesirala) je knjiga Maxa Horkheimera Soviet Marxism: A Critical Analysis  iz 1958. godine.

Neomarksistički mislioci i nadalje smatraju kako je akumulacija kapitala jedino moguća putem iskorištavanja čovjeka nad čovjekom - bilo iskorištavanje potlačenih slojeva stanovništva, bilo iskorištavanja potlačenih dijelova svijeta. Oni sagledavaju da se kapital stečen ekonomskim izrabljivanjem ne investira u stvaranje novih vrijednosti, nego se zapravo troši na učvršćivanje dominatnog položaja eksploatatora - klase kapitalista i neokolonijalističkih zemalja današnjice; te su u vrijeme vrhunca Frankfurtske škole 1960.-ih godina dokazivali da se izrabljeni Trećeg svijeta nikad neće i ne može razviti u kapitalističkom svijetu, jer je za opstanak kapitalizma neophodno da ti narodi ostanu siromašni; te da čak i kapitalističke klase u zemljama Trećeg svijeta jedino služe tome da - uz zaradu za pripadnike tih kapitalističkih klasa u siromašnim zemljama - maksimiziraju izrabljivanje svojih zemalja, odakle se višak vrijednosti prenosi kapitalističkim klasama bogatih zemalja.

Vodeći neomarksistički autori su Erik Olin Wright, koji je povezao marsističku misao sa sociološkom misli Maxa Webera; filozofi i sociolozi Jürgen Habermas i Max Horkheimer; njemački muzikolog i sociolog Theodor Adorno; ekonomisti Ernest Mandel, Baran i Paul Sweezy koji su pisali u The Review of Radical Political Economy; te psiholozi Herbert Marcuse i Erich Fromm.

Neki neomarksisti su pokušali iz marksizma isključiti ateizam kao nužni element, razvijajući tzv. kršćanski komunizam.

S vremenom su doprinosi neomarksizma i za njim sljedećeg postmarksizma obuhvaćeni u pokret nove ljevice.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Neo-Marxism, overview, kod ScienceDirect

Marksizam
Političke ideologije
Filozofija politike

Neomarksizam


Konstal 4N je tip poljskog tramvaja proizveden u tvornicama Konstal i Fabryka Wagonów Świdnica od druge polovice 1950. do početka 1960. godina.

Konstrukcija
4N dolazi iz koncepcije svoga prethodnika, Konstal N. To je dvosmjerno dvoosovinsko tramvajsko vozilo s vratima na obje strane. Za tramvaj je moguće ugraditi postolja za 1435 mm (tip 4N), ali i kolosijek širine 1000 mm (tip 5N).

Tipovi, rekonstrukcije i modernizacije
 4N – proizvedeni primjerci: 90; proizvodnja: 1956. – 1957.
 4ND  (prikolica za tip 4N) – proizvedeni primjerci: 80; proizvodnja: 1957.
 4N1 – proizvedeni primjerci: 335; proizvodnja: 1957. – 1962.
 4NJ (jednosmjerna verzija tramvaja 4N) – proizvedeni primjerci: 1; proizvodnja: 1957.
 4ND1  (prikolica za tip 4N1) – proizvedeni primjerci: 386; proizvodnja: 1958. – 1961.
 5N – proizvedeni primjerci: 39; proizvodnja: 1957.
 5ND  (prikolica za tip 5N) – proizvedeni primjerci: 40; proizvodnja: 1957.
 5N1 – proizvedeni primjerci: 419; proizvodnja: 1958. – 1962.
 5ND1  (prikolica za tip 5N1) – proizvedeni primjerci: 455; proizvodnja: 1958. – 1961.

Galerija

Izvori

4N

Konstal 4N


Güven Varol (* 2. Juni 1981 in Sakarya) ist ein ehemaliger türkischer Fußballspieler.

Karriere

Verein
Güven Varol begann mit dem Vereinsfußball in der Jugend des türkischen Traditionsklubs Sakaryaspor. 1999 wechselte er zum Istanbuler Amateurklub Anadolu Hisarı İdman Yurdu. Dort wurde auf ihn der Istanbuler Drittligist Pendikspor aufmerksam und verpflichtete ihn für die kommende Saison. Varol bekam bei Pendikspor einen Profi-Vertrag. Nach zwei Jahren bei Peindikspor wechselte er zum Stadt- und Ligakonkurrenten Beykozspor. 2004 ging Varol zum Süper-Lig-Club Denizlispor. Hier war er in seiner ersten Saison Stammspieler, während er in der zweiten Spielzeit meist Reservespieler war. Nach Vertragsende wechselte er innerhalb der Liga zu Manisaspor. Auch bei Manisaspor stand er nur selten im Aufgebot der Mannschaft. Nach dem Abstieg Manisaspors am Ende der Saison 2007/08 ging Varol mit seinem Klub in die zweitklassige TFF 1. Lig. Hier schaffte er mit seinem Verein als Meister der TFF 1. Lig den direkten Wiederaufstieg. Er spielte anschließend noch eine Spielzeit in der Süper Lig für Manisaspor und verließ den Verein Richtung MKE Ankaragücü. Zur Winterpause 2011/12 geriet Ankaragücü in eine finanziell schwierige Lage und konnte über mehrere Monate die Spielergehälter nicht zahlen. Daraufhin klagten viele Spieler vor Gericht und wurden freigestellt. Unter den freigestellten Spielern war auch Güven Varol. In der Winterpause wechselte Güven Varol dann ablösefrei zum Ligakonkurrenten Kardemir Karabükspor. In eineinhalb Jahren kam Varol zu 12 Ligaspielen. Er wechselte zur Saison 2013/14 zum Zweitligisten Mersin İdman Yurdu. Dort war er insgesamt vier Spielzeiten, davon eine in der Süper Lig, aktiv und beendete im Sommer 2017 seine aktive Karriere.

Nationalmannschaft
Güven Varol absolvierte 2004 und 2005 jeweils ein Testspiel für die türkische A-2 Nationalmannschaft, einer Perspektivauswahl des türkischen Fußballverbands im Hinblick auf die Weltmeisterschaft 2006.

Erfolge
Manisaspor
 Playoff-Sieger der TFF 1. Lig und Aufstieg in die Süper Lig: 2008/09

Mersin İdman Yurdu
 Playoff-Sieger der TFF 1. Lig und Aufstieg in die Süper Lig: 2013/14

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (Anadolu Hisarı İdman Yurdu)
Fußballspieler (Beykozspor)
Fußballspieler (Denizlispor)
Fußballspieler (Kardemir Karabükspor)
Fußballspieler (Manisaspor)
Fußballspieler (Mersin İdman Yurdu)
Fußballspieler (MKE Ankaragücü)
Fußballspieler (Pendikspor)
Geboren 1981
Türke
Mann

Güven Varol


هدى بركات هي روائية لبنانية ولدت عام 1952 وتخصصت في الأدب المعاصر. أمضت في بيروت فترة كبيرة في بدايات حياتها ثم إنتقلت للعيش في باريس بفرنسا منذ ذلك الوقت وحتى الآن. تمت كتابة كل مؤلفاتها باللغة العربية برغم إقامتها الطويلة بفرنسا. حيث رفضت هدى بركات أن تكتب ب أي لغة غير العربية. تم ترجمت كل مؤلفاتها للغات عدة منها الانجليزية، العبرية، الفرنسية، الايطالية، الاسبانية، التركية، الالمانية واليونانية. فازت بجائزة البوكر العربية سنة 2019 عن روايتها بريد الليل.

حياتها
ولدت هدى بركات بالبلدة المارونية بشري وعاشت هناك حتى انتقلت لبيروت لتدرس الأدب الفرنسي بالجامعة اللبنانية. تخرجت في عام 1975 وتلى تخرجها بسنة سفرها إلى باريس حيث بدأت دراستها العليا. وزامن دراستها في ذلك الوقت الحرب الاهلية اللبنانية مما إضطرها للعودة إلى لبنان مرة أخرى.
و في تلك الفترة بدأت عملها في لبنان في مجالات التدريس والترجمة والصحافة.
وخلال الحرب بدأت هدى بركات في كتابة مجموعتها القصصية «زيارات». وفي عام 1989 سافرت إلى باريس مرة أخرى واستقرت هناك حتى هذه اللحظة.
وهناك نشرت سلسلة من أهم اعمالها مثل (حجر الضحك 1990) و (أهل الهوى 1993). وفي عام 2003 زارت المملكة المتحدة في زيارة رسمية لأول بث لمجلة بانيبال المملكة المتحدة (Banipal UK) وهي مجلة للأدب العربي المعاصر. وفي الفترة خلال 2010-2011 رشحت هدى بركات لتكون عضوة في مؤسسة أبحاث في نانت، فرنسا (Nantes Institute for Advanced Study Foundation). وفي خريف 2013 تم اختيار هدى بركات كأول باحثة عربية في قسم الدراسات الشرق أوسطية.، ونافست في 2015 مع الروائي الليبي إبراهيم الكوني على جائزة البوكر. فازت بجائزة البوكر العربية سنة 2019 عن روايتها بريد الليل.

أعمالها
 حجر الضحك 1990 مترجمة للإنجليزية،
 حارث المياه، 1998 مترجمة للإنجليزية،
 أهل الهوى، 1993 مترجمة للإنجليزية،
 سيدي وحبيبي، عن «دار النهار» 2005 مترجمة للإنجليزية،
 رسائل الغريبة، دار النهار للنشر 2004
 فيفا لا ديفا: مسرحية بالعامية اللبنانية، 2009
 ملكوت هذه الأرض، دار الآداب 2012
 بريد الليل، عن دار الأداب للنشر سنة 2017 فائزة بجائزة البوكر لسنة 2019.

إنجازتها
 نال أول عمل لها «حجر الضحك» جائزة النقد حيث كان هو أول عمل عربي تكون الشخصية الأساسية فيه لرجل مثلي. وصف عمر خاطر الرواية بأنها أفضل رواية كتبت عن الحرب الأهلية بلبنان.
 حصلت على جائزة نجيب محفوظ للأدب عن رواية (حارة المياه) في عام 2001
 منحتها الحكومة الفرنسية رتبة الفارسة في الأدب والفنون عام 2002 وفي عام 2008 أخذت وسام الإستحقاق.
 2019: فازت بالجائزة العالمية للرواية العربية عن روايتها «بريد الليل».

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 مقابلة وثائقية مع هدى بركات / قناة العربية

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من بيروت
حاصلون على جائزة نجيب محفوظ للرواية العربية
خريجو الجامعة اللبنانية
روائيات فرنسيات
روائيون لبنانيون
شاعرات فرنسيات
شاعرات لبنانيات
كاتبات فرنسيات في القرن 20
كاتبات فرنسيات في القرن 21
كاتبات لبنانيات
كاثوليك فرنسيون
مهاجرون لبنانيون إلى فرنسا
موارنة فرنسيون
موارنة لبنانيون
مواليد 1952
مواليد في بيروت
نسويون فرنسيون
نسويون لبنانيون
نسويون موارنة
حائزون على الجائزة العالمية للرواية العربية
كتاب بالعربية في القرن 21

هدى بركات


C - et Hjørne af Sjælland er en turistfilm fra 1938 instrueret af Theodor Christensen og Karl Roos efter manuskript af Theodor Christensen.

Handling
Gennem et ungt pars tur i Holbæk Amt oplever man, hvilke turistattraktioner her er.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Holbæk Amt
Turistfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1938

C - et Hjørne af Sjælland


الرفنية مدينة أثرية اكتشفت عام 2009 في محافظة حماة في سورية.

تعد مدينة الرفنية الأثرية أكبر مدن تجمع للجيوش الرومانية القديمة، وعثر عليها في منطقة بعرين في حماة على مساحة ثلاثة هكتارات.

ونقلت وكالة الأنباء السورية عن مسؤول في وزارة الثقافة السورية قوله أن مدينة الرفنية الأثرية المفقودة ورد ذكرها في الكثير من المراجع والنقوش الأثرية الرومانية التي تثبت وجودها في منطقة بعرين وهي مسجلة لدى آثار مصياف على أنها بقعة أثرية صغيرة لا تتجاوز ربع المساحة التي تم اكتشافها.

وأشار إلى أن مدينة الرفنية تضاهي في مساحتها وقدمها مدينة أفاميا الأثرية.

مصادر

أماكن مأهولة سابقا في سوريا
مدن أثرية سورية
مدن سوريا القديمة
مواقع أثرية في محافظة حماة

الرفنية


Mono, kolektivno ime za skupine i bande šošonskih Indijanaca
 Mono (rijeka), rijeka u zapadnoj Africi (Togo i Benin)
 Mono (slapovi), Venezuela

Mono (razdvojba)


A nationwide consultative referendum (全國性公民投票) was held in Taiwan on 20 March 2004 to coincide with the 2004 presidential election. Voters were asked two questions regarding the relationship between Taiwan (ROC) and China (PRC), and how Taiwan should relate to China. The initiation of this referendum by President Chen Shui-bian came under intense criticism from China because it was seen as an exercise for an eventual vote on Taiwanese independence. The Pan-Blue Coalition urged a boycott, citing that the referendum was illegal and unnecessary.

Over 90% of voters approved the two questions, but the results were invalid due to insufficient voter turnout, which was below 50%.

Background
On 29 November 2003, President Chen Shui-bian announced that given that the PRC had missiles aimed at Taiwan, he had the power under the defensive referendum clause of the Referendum Act to order a referendum on sovereignty, although he did not do so under pressure by the USA. This statement was very strongly criticized both by Beijing and by the Pan-Blue Coalition. But instead, he proposed a referendum to ask the PRC to remove the hundreds of missiles it has aimed at Taiwan.

In a televised address made on 16 January 2004, President Chen reiterated his "Four Noes and One Without" pledge, justified the "peace referendum," and announced its questions.

The vetting of the referendum bill appeared to alarm Beijing which issued more sharp threats of a strong reaction if a referendum bill passed which would allow a vote on sovereignty issues such as the territory and flag of the ROC. The final bill that was passed by the Legislative Yuan on 27 November 2003 did not contain restrictions on the content of any referendums, but did include very high hurdles for referendums on constitutional issues. These hurdles were largely put in place by the Pan-Blue Coalition majority in the legislature. The bill also contained a provision for a defensive referendum to be called if the sovereignty of the ROC was under threat. In response to the referendum passage, Beijing issued vague statements of unease.

Questions

Proposal 1

Proposal 2

Campaign
A series of ten debates were held over five days (Wednesdays and Sundays) on the referendum (first pair on first question; second on second; pro-government listed before con-)
29 February – Cabinet spokesman Lin Chia-lung v. independent Legislator Kao Chin Su-mei; Kaohsiung Mayor Frank Hsieh v. Commentator Li Ao
3 March – Office of the President's Deputy Secretary-General Joseph Wu v. poet Chan Chao-li, Minister without Portfolio Yeh Jiunn-rong v. former DPP Chairman Hsu Hsin-liang
7 March – TSU Legislator Lo Chih-ming v. former Control Yuan member Yeh Yao-peng; DPP Legislator Chiu Tai-san v. sociologist Timothy Ting
10 March – DPP Legislator You Ching v. Green Party Taiwan acting convener Kao Cheng-yan; DPP Legislator Cho Jung-tai v. mainland exile Ruan Ming
14 March – DPP Legislator Julian Kuo v. anti-March 20 referendum alliance leader Jaw Shaw-kong; Mainland Affairs Council Chairwoman Tsai Ing-wen v. independent Legislator Sisy Chen

The "no" campaign was not argued by active political figures in the Pan-Blue Coalition, and the CEC at first found it difficult to find people to take the "no" position. The Pan-Blue Coalition made it clear that it was in favour of the proposals, but believed that the referendum process itself was illegal and a prelude to more controversial action. As a consequence, the Pan-Blue Coalition asked its supporters not to vote at all in the referendum, with the intention of having the number of valid votes fall below the 50% voter threshold necessary to have a valid referendum. Because of this strategy, a major controversy was the format of the referendum, specifically as to whether the referendum questions would be on the same ballots as the Presidency. After much debate, the CEC decided that there would be a U-shaped queue in which people would first cast a ballot for president and then cast a separate ballot for each of the two questions. Voters who chose not to cast a referendum ballot could exit the line at the base of the U. Near the end of the campaign, the CEC issued a number of conflicting and constantly changing directives as to what would constitute a valid ballot.

Results

References

External links
President Chen's Televised Statement of the Peace Referendum on March 20

Referendums in Taiwan
Taiwan
Referendum
Cross-Strait relations

2004 Taiwanese cross-Strait relations referendum


O'Brien (cunoscut sub numele de O'Connor în filmul din 1956 (nu se menționează și prenumele acestuia), este un personaj fictiv și principalul antagonist din romanul O mie nouă sute cinzeci și patru, publicat de George Orwell în anul 1948.

De acest personaj (care este, de fapt, un torționar) se simte atras în mod straniu protagonistul Winston Smith, care trăiește într-o societate distopică condusă de un Partid unic, cunoscut ca SocEng.

Personajul
O'Brien este un membru al Partidului Interior și, la fel ca Winston Smith, lucrează la Ministerul Adevărului. Deține o poziție administrativă, care este atât de necunoscută, încât Winston are doar o vagă idee despre cine este.
Winston îl suspectează pe O'Brien, că face parte, în secret, din "Frăție" iar O'Brien se apropie de Winston prin discursuri și gesturi care îl fac să-și confirme suspiciunile. Winston își găsește curajul să se apropie de el sincer, declarându-se un dușman al totalitarismului de stat, O'Brien invitându-l pe Winston (care acesta o invită la rândul său pe Julia) în apartamentul lui. Acolo, el îi provoacă să facă o serie de promisiuni pentru a servi "Frăția".

O'Brien se dovedește a fi un agent al Poliției Gândirii, fiind complet loial Partidului. El face parte dintr-un colectiv de agenți secreți al căror obiectiv este de a găsi crimă-gânditori prin a-i ademeni pretinzând a fi de partea lor, apoi luându-i prin suprindere prin torturarea și "vindecarea" acestora.

O'Brien este văzut de către Winston "arestat" de către Poliția Gândirii. Cei doi au un schimb de vorbe în celulă, Winston exclamând: "Te-au luat și pe tine!" și cu răspunsul sec al lui O'Brien: "Pe mine m-au luat cu mult timp în urmă".

Peste câteva săptămâni, O'Brien îl torturează pe Winston pentru a-l vindeca de "nebunie", în special de părerea că există un trecut și un exterior independent de Partid. O'Brien explică faptul că realitatea există numai în mintea umană, și că Partidul controlează mintea tuturor, prin urmare, partidul controlează realitatea.

El este onest în legătură cu cinismul brutal al Patidului; el explică că partidul nu caută puterea de a face ceva bun, ci pur și simplu să o aibă: "Întotdeauna, Winston, în fiecare moment, va fi fiorul victoriei, ai senzația aceea când calci pe un inamic care este neajutorat. Dacă vrei o imagine a viitorului, imaginează-ți o cizmă zdrobind o față umană pentru totdeauna."

Chiar și în scenele de tortură există o legătură ciudată care persistă între Winston și O'Brien. O'Brien chiar afirmă că mintea lui Winston apelează la el, și că acesta seamănă cu mintea lui, cu excepția faptului că Winston este "nebun". În cele din urmă, în Camera 101, O'Brien îl supune la asemenea chinuri, încât "de bună voie" acceptă doctrina Partidului.

Winston presupune că vărsta lui O'Brien este în jur de 48-50 de ani. Întâmplarea face că O'Brien își dă seama că Smith se gândea la acest lucru, dar fără să-l spună.

Ca Winston și Julia, O'Brien nu este familiarizat cu țigările și băutura. Cu toate acestea, fiind un membru al Partidului Interior, el are acces la mai multe bunuri decât alții. În timp ce Winston îl vizita în apartamentul lui, O'Brien îl întâmpină cu vin adevărat și nu cu "ginul" obișnuit.

Inspirații
O'Brien a fost inspirat parțial de Gletkin din romanul lui Arthur Koestler "Întuneric la Amiază". Cele două personaje au multe trăsături comune, inclusiv cruzimea și fanatismul în slujba conducerii. Cu toate că O'Brien este mai mult sadic decât rece și preferă să folosească tortura fizică, Gletkin preferă să-și chinuiască psihologic prizonierii. Scenele de tortură (realizate de către O'Brien) au fost preluate în mare parte din poveștile provenite din gulagurile rusești.

Alegerea prenumelui Irlandez face referire la  împreună cu care Orwell a lucrat în timpul războiului, și pe care îl detesta. "Una dintre cele mai ciudate coincidențe în literatura de specialitate" a fost dezvăluirea din anul 2003 conform căreia O'Brien a fost numele de cod al unui agent NKVD pe nume Hugh O'Donnell, care a primit rapoarte de la subordonatul său  în legătură cu autorul George Orwell în timpul Războiului Civil Spaniol.

Cinematografie
În filmul din anul 1984, O'Brien a fost interpretat de Richard Burton, fiind ultimul său rol înainte de moarte. În filmul din anul 1956, O'Brien a fost redenumit O'Connor pentru a evita confuzia cu Edmond O'Brien, care îl juca pe Winston Smith. O'Connor a fost jucat de Michael Redgrave.

Referințe

Britanici fictivi
Personaje fictive introduse în 1949
Scriitori fictivi

O'Brien (1984)


අවන්හල් යනු පාරිභෝගිකයින්ට ආහාර පාන පිළියෙළ කර සපයන ව්‍යාපාරයකි. සාමාන්‍යයෙන් ආහාර පිරිනමනු ලබන්න පරිශ්‍රයේදීම අනුභව කරන නමුත් බොහෝ අවන්හල් රැගෙන යාමේ සහ ආහාර බෙදා හැරීමේ සේවාවන් ද සපයයි.

ආශ්‍රිත
 අවන්හල් ලැයිස්තුව

මූලාශ්‍ර

භාහිර සබැඳි

අවන්හල්


28201 Lifubin este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
28201 Lifubin este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Socorro, New Mexico, în cadrul proiectului LINEAR. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,28 ua, o excentricitate de 0,14 și o înclinație de 6,8° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 28001-29000
 Centura de asteroizi

Note

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1998
Centura de asteroizi

28201 Lifubin


Argulus foliaceus est une espèce de crustacés de la famille des Argulidae, les « poux de poissons ». C'est  et , compte tenu de sa distribution et de sa gamme d'hôtes. Il peut provoquer une argulose grave chez une grande variété d'espèces de poissons. Il est responsable de flambées épizootiques qui ont pu conduire à l'effondrement d'exploitations aquacoles.

Description

C'est un pou de poisson typique du genre Argulus, très plat avec une carapace ovale ou arrondie, deux yeux composés, des pièces buccales suceuses avec un stylet perçant et deux ventouses qu'il utilise pour se fixer à son hôte. Ces « organes suceurs » sont en fait une paire de pièces buccales modifiées. Ses paires d'appendices postérieurs ont des crochets et des épines et sont utilisées pour nager.

A. foliaceus mesure jusqu'à 7 millimètres de long et 5 millimètres de large. La femelle est plus grande que le mâle et possède une paire de spermathèques visible à son extrémité postérieure, dans laquelle le mâle dépose son sperme.

Cycle biologique
Argulus foliaceus vit dans des environnements marins, saumâtres et d'eau douce. Tous les stades de la vie des deux sexes sont parasitaires. Il s'attache à son hôte, généralement un poisson, grâce à ses ventouses, perce sa peau avec son stylet pointu et se nourrit de son sang. Il peut vivre dans les branchies. Une forte infestation peut provoquer une inflammation de la peau, des plaies hémorragiques ouvertes, une production accrue de mucus, la perte d'écailles et la corrosion des nageoires. Les plaies sont souvent infectées par des bactéries et des champignons, qui dégradent encore les couches de la peau. Le poisson peut devenir anémique.

Pendant qu'il se nourrit, le pou injecte également des enzymes digestives dans la chair de son hôte. Les poissons infestés peuvent présenter une perte d'appétit et une croissance ralentie, ainsi que des signes comportementaux tels qu'une nage irrégulière et des frottements contre les parois de l'aquarium. Ces dommages et l'infection causent du stress et une augmentation de la mortalité.

Ce pou de poisson est également un vecteur d'agents pathogènes, notamment de bactéries, de flagellés et du virus qui cause la . C'est un hôte intermédiaire des nématodes de la famille des .

Pour localiser son hôte, ce pou du poisson utilise la vision, l'odorat et le toucher. Pendant les heures du jour, il recherche visuellement un hôte, restant généralement immobile en embuscade. Il est plus actif quand il fait noir, nageant pour rencontrer un hôte. Il sent l'odeur du poisson et le mouvement de l'eau autour de lui. Sa recherche est aussi plus active quand il ne s'est pas nourri depuis plus de 24 heures.

Au cours du cycle de reproduction, les poux de poisson mâles et femelles s'accouplent sur le corps de l'hôte, dont la femelle se détache à intervalles de quelques jours pour nager jusqu'au substrat pour pondre des œufs. Elle préfère les substrats durs et ses œufs peuvent être ramassés en lui fournissant une planche en bois pour pondre. Elle pond plus le jour que la nuit.

La larve d'A. foliaceus passe par deux stades principaux. Juste après son éclosion, elle a été qualifiée de « metanauplius », comme le nauplius de nombreux autres crustacés, mais elle a un appareil natatoire plus développé, peut-être même trop développé pour qu'elle puisse vraiment être appelée nauplius. Cette larve nouvellement éclose peut parasiter un hôte en s'y attachant avec ses antennes crochues, car elle n'a pas de ventouses. Une autre fonction de ses antennes à crochets est un comportement de toilettage, dans lequel elle fait glisser les antennes à travers les soies de ses pattes nageuses pour en déloger les débris. Au deuxième stade principal, après sa première mue, elle est simplement appelé « juvénile », car elle ressemble beaucoup à l'adulte, en plus petit. Elle peut nager aussi efficacement que celui-ci. La larve mue onze fois avant d'atteindre l'âge adulte.

Hôtes
Ce parasite . Les poissons d'alimentation et de sport et d'autres espèces parasitées d'importance commerciale comprennent des cyprinidés tels que les poissons rouges et les carpes koï, des membres de la famille des Centrarchidae (en Amérique du Nord) et des salmonidés tels que le saumon et la truite. Ses hôtes comprennent aussi la brème bleue (Ballerus ballerus), la brème bordelière (Blicca bjoerkna), l'anguille d'Europe (Anguilla anguilla), le grand brochet (Esox lucius), l'épinoche à trois épines (Gasterosteus aculeatus ), la perche-soleil (Lepomis gibbosus), l'ide mélanote (Leuciscus idus), , la perche commune (Perca fluviatilis), le gardon (Rutilus rutilus), le rotengle (Scardinius erythropthalmus), le silure glane (Silurus glanis), le sandre (Sander lucioperca), la tanche (Tinca tinca) et le chinchard (Trachurus trachurus).

Bien qu'il s'agisse d'un parasite généraliste (non spécifique à un taxon donné), il semble préférer les poissons plus grands et plus lourds aux plus petits et certaines espèces à d'autres lorsqu'on lui donne le choix.

Il a également été observé sur des grenouilles et des crapauds.

Impacts
De fortes infestations des stocks de poissons peuvent entraîner des pertes à grande échelle. Des épidémies majeures dans les pêcheries de truite arc-en-ciel au Royaume-Uni ont entraîné des pertes complètes. L'aquaculture de la carpe en Russie a connu des infestations dans lesquelles les poissons ont été recouverts de « plusieurs centaines » de parasites avant de mourir. Les parasites infestaient 100% des poissons d'un échantillon d'un élevage de carpes en Turquie, avec jusqu'à 1 000 poux de poisson par individu.

A. foliaceus pondra facilement ses œufs sur des objets durs tels que des planches de bois, qui peuvent ensuite être retirés pour réduire la charge d'œufs dans les pêcheries. Un court bain dans une solution de chlorure de sodium peut réduire la charge parasitaire sur un poisson, mais ce traitement doit être fait avec précaution, car une durée trop courte ou une solution trop diluée sont inefficaces, tandis qu'un bain trop long ou trop concentré peuvent nuire au poisson.

Systématique
Le nom valide complet (avec auteur) de ce taxon est Argulus foliaceus (Linnaeus, 1758).

L'espèce a été initialement classée dans le genre Monoculus sous le protonyme Monoculus foliaceus Linnaeus, 1758.

Argulus foliaceus a pour synonymes :

Liens externes

Notes et références

Crustacé décrit en 1758
Animal parasite de poissons
Espèce de maxillopodes (nom scientifique)

Argulus foliaceus


Kapaklıkuyu, Adana ilinin Saimbeyli ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Adana il merkezine 181 km, Saimbeyli ilçesine 42 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

 Yerelnet

Saimbeyli'nin mahalleleri

Kapaklıkuyu, Saimbeyli


Brooklyn () (veya Kings County), New York'un beş bölgesinden biridir. 2020 itibarıyla tahminî 2.648.403 nüfusuyla şehrin en kalabalık bölgesidir. Adını Hollanda'daki Breukelen köyünden alan Brooklyn, batıda Long Island'ın en doğusunda yer alan Queens ilçesi ile komşudur. Brooklyn, Manhattan ilçesine East River'daki birçok köprü ve tünel ile, Staten Island'a ise Verrazzano-Narrows Köprüsü ile bağlanır. 1896'dan beri Brooklyn ile Kings County eş anlamlı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Brooklyn ABD'deki en kalabalık ilçe ve nüfus yoğunluğu en yüksek ikinci ilçedir.

New York City'nin en büyük ikinci ilçesi olan Kings County, 180 km2lik kara ve 67 km2lik su alanı, New York eyaletinin karasal alan olarak dördüncü, toplam alan olarak üçüncü en küçük ilçesidir. 2,5 milyonluk nüfusuyla ABD'deki en kalabalık ilçedir.

Etimoloji

Brooklyn adı, Hollanda kolonizasyonu döneminden kalma "bataklık" anlamındaki Breuckelen kelimesinden gelmektedir. 1646 yılında resmen kurulan şehrin adı, yazılı kaynaklarda ilk kez 1663 yılında yer almıştır. Hollandalı kolonistler, şehrin ismini Breukelen, Hollanda'dan esinlenerek koymuşlardır. Geçtiğimiz iki bin yıl boyunca Hollanda'daki köyün adı Bracola, Broccke, Brocckede, Broiclede, Brocklandia, Broekclen, Broikelen, Breuckelen ve son olarak Breukelen olarak kullanılmıştır.

New Amsterdam'da (daha sonraki adıyla New York) yer alan Breuckelen ismi birçok farklı şekilde yazılmıştır. Yazımlar arasında Breucklyn, Breuckland, Brucklyn, Broucklyn, Brookland, Brockland, Brocklin ve Brookline/Brook-line yer almaktadır. Çok sayıda farklı yazım olması, şehrin ismi hakkında tartışmalara sebep olmuş, bazı dil bilimciler şehrin breuckelen isminin "engebeli topraklar" ("broken land") anlamından geldiğini savunmuştur. Şehrin yazımının son hâli olan Brooklyn, orijinal isme en bağlantılı olandır.

Coğrafya
Brooklyn,  kara (%73) ve  su (%27) olmak üzere  alanı kaplar; ilçe, New York ilçeleri arasında yüzölçüm bakımından ikinci en büyük ilçedir. Ancak Brooklyn ile komşu Kings İlçesi, kara alanı olarak New York Eyaletinin dördüncü en küçük ve toplam alan olarak üçüncü en küçük ilçesidir. Brooklyn, Long Island'ın güneybatı ucunu ve ilçenin batı sınırındaki adanın batı ucunu oluşturur.

Brooklyn'in su sınırları geniş ve çeşitlidir ve bu sınırları Jamaika Körfezini, Atlantik Okyanusunu, Brooklyn'i New York 'daki Staten Island ilçesinden ayıran ve Verrazano-Narrows Köprüsünün geçtiği Narrows'u, Brooklyn'i New Jersey eyaletindeki Bayonne ve Jersey City'den ayıran Yukarı New York Körfezi'ni ve Brooklyn'i New York'taki Manhattan ilçesinden ayıran Brooklyn-Battery Tüneli, Brooklyn Köprüsü, Manhattan Köprüsü, Williamsburg Köprüsü ile geçilen East River'ı ve New York metrosunun sayısız güzergahını kapsar. Brooklyn'in doğusunda Brooklyn'in Doğu New York mahalle sınırından yaklaşık iki mil uzaklıkta ilçenin Jamaika mahallesinde John F. Kennedy Uluslararası Havaalanı'nı içeren Queens ilçesi vardır.

Kardeş şehirler

Kaynakça

Brooklyn


Die Società Minutoli Millo & Cia war ein italienischer Hersteller von Automobilen.

Unternehmensgeschichte
Vittorio Millo fertigte bereits 1896 ein Automobil, und 1902 das nächste. 1902 gründete er zusammen mit Alessandro Minutoli in Lucca das Unternehmen zur Produktion von Automobilen. Der Markenname lautete Minutoli-Lucca. Als Vittorio Millo 1903 starb, endete die Produktion nach nur wenigen hergestellten Exemplaren.

Fahrzeuge
Das Fahrzeug von 1896 war ein Dreirad. 1902 folgte das Modell 8 HP. Hier sorgte ein Vierzylindermotor, der aus zwei Zylinderblöcken bestand, mit 2413 cm³ Hubraum für den Antrieb. Das Fahrzeug verfügte über eine Magnetzündung. Die Motorleistung wurde mittels einer Kardanwelle an die Hinterräder übertragen. Die Karosserieform Tonneau bot Platz für vier Personen.

Ein Fahrzeug dieser Marke ist erhalten geblieben und soll zur Sammlung des Automobilmuseums von Turin gehören.

Literatur

 George Nick Georgano: The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile, Volume 2 G–O. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Chicago 2001, ISBN 1-57958-293-1 (englisch)
 Autorenkollektiv: Enzyklopädie des Automobils. Marken · Modelle · Technik. Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg, 1989

Weblinks
 GTÜ Gesellschaft für Technische Überwachung mbH (abgerufen am 12. Februar 2012)

Einzelnachweise

Ehemaliger Pkw-Hersteller (Italien)
Ehemaliges Unternehmen (Toskana)
Organisation (Lucca)

Società Minutoli Millo & Cia


Olaylar
 Prusya Krallığı kuruldu.

Süregelen olaylar
 Büyük Kuzey Savaşı (1700 – 1721).
 İspanya Veraset Savaşı (1701–1714).

Doğumlar
 18 Ekim – Charles le Beau, Fransız tarihçi (ö. 1778)
 27 Kasım – Anders Celsius, İsveçli fizikçi, gök bilimci ve matematikçi (ö. 1744)

Ölümler
 23 Mayıs – William Kidd, İskoç korsan (d. 1645)
 16 Eylül – II. James, İngiltere ve İskoçya kralı (d. 1633)
 5 Kasım – Charles Gerard, Fransa doğumlu İngiliz siyasetçi (d.1659)

1701


Richmond ist einer von 150 Wahlkreisen, die zur Wahl des australischen Repräsentantenhauses genutzt werden.
Der Wahlkreis liegt im äußersten Nordosten des australischen Bundesstaates New South Wales an der Pazifikküste.
Er umfasst die Städte Tweed Heads, Murwillumbah und Byron Bay. Der Wahlkreis wurde 1901 gegründet und zählt somit zu den ersten 75 Wahlkreisen von Australien. Benannt wurde er nach dem Fluss Richmond River.

Seit 2004 ist Justine Elliot von der Australian Labor Party die amtierende Abgeordnete des Wahlkreises.

Bisherige Abgeordnete

Wahlkreis in Australien
Politik (New South Wales)
Geographie (New South Wales)

Richmond (Wahlkreis)


Le Manoir de la peur, film français réalisé par Alfred Machin et Henry Wulschleger, sorti en 1927 au cinéma.
 Le Manoir de la peur (titre original : House of the Long Shadows), film britannique réalisé par Pete Walker sorti en 1983 au cinéma.

Le Manoir de la peur


G-14 Avrupa futbolunun önde gelen kulüplerinin kurduğu bir organizasyondur.

2000 yılında kurulan bu birliğin amacı, kulüplerin güçlerini birleştirmektir.

Yeni üyeler sadece kulüplerin oybirliği ile davet edilmesi sonucu alınmaktadır.

İlk olarak 14 takımın kurduğu organizasyon, 2002 yılında 4 yeni üye kulübün katılarak 18 takıma çıksa da hâlen G-14 olarak anılmaktadır.

G-14 Şubat 2008'de kendini feshetmiş, G-14 üyeleri bunun yerine European Clubs Association (Avrupa Kulüpler Birliği) adı altında yeni ve daha fazla üyeli bir organizasyon kurmuşlardır.

Üyeler

Kurucu üyeler

  Barcelona (İspanya)
  Bayern Münih (Almanya)
  Borussia Dortmund (Almanya)
  Internazionale (İtalya)
  Juventus (İtalya)
  Liverpool (İngiltere)
  Manchester United (İngiltere)
  Milan (İtalya)
  Marseille (Fransa)
  Paris Saint-Germain FC (Fransa)
  Porto (Portekiz)
  PSV (Hollanda)
  Real Madrid (İspanya)
  Ajax (Hollanda)

Yeni üyeler

Ağustos 2002
  Arsenal (İngiltere)
  Bayer 04 Leverkusen (Almanya)
  Olympique Lyonnais (Fransa)
  Valencia (İspanya)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmî site

G-14


Olaylar
 Osmanlı-Memlûk Savaşı sona erdi.

Doğumlar
 15 Ocak - Niccolò da Ponte, Venedik Cumhuriyetinde "Doçe" unvanı ile devlet başkanlığı yapan 87. düka (ö. 1585)
 24 Haziran - VIII. Henry, İngiltere'yi Roma Katolik Kilisesi'nden ayırarak Anglikan Kilisesi'ni kurması ile tanınan İngiltere Kralı (ö. 1547)
 23 Ekim - Loyolalı Ignatius, İspanyol asıllı din adamı, Cizvitler tarikatının kurucusu (ö. 1556)
 26 Ekim - İmparator Zhengde, Çin'in Ming Hanedanı'nın 10. imparatoru (ö. 1521)
 31 Aralık - Jacques Cartier, Kanada'yı keşfettiğine inanılan Fransız denizci, kaşif (ö. 1557)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Francesco Melzi, İtalyan ressam ve Leonardo da Vinci'nin asistanı ve öğrencisi (ö. 1570)

Ölümler
 Hasan Ertuşi, Kürtçe mevlidin yazarı Kürt edebiyatçısı, şair ve alim (d. 1417)
 La Guardialı Kutsal Çocuk, aziz kabul edilen İspanyol çocuk

1491


Laminat, også kaldet højtrykslaminat, er et materiale lavet af mange lag papir (ca. 60-70 %) og harpiks (ca. 30-40 %), som varmebehandles. Under den høje varme presses delene hårdt sammen til en fast plade. Jo flere lag, jo tykkere plade.

Laminat kan laves i stort set alle tænkelige farver eller med overflader, som ligner f.eks. træ eller har specielle mønstre.

Det er et meget modstandsdygtigt materiale, som tåler at blive brugt, og som er rengøringsvenligt. Netop derfor er det et populært materiale til f.eks. bordplader.

Referencer

Kompositmaterialer

Laminat


Eclipsa de Soare din 11 august 2018 a fost a 13-a eclipsă parțială din secolul al XXI-lea. Face parte din seria Saros 155.

De la eclipsă au trecut .

Zone de vizibilitate

Eclipsa a fost vizibilă din Nord-Estul Canadei, Groenlanda, Islanda, Oceanul Arctic, Scandinavia, Nordul Insulelor Britanice, Federația Rusă, Nordul și Estul Asiei.

Vezi și
 Lista eclipselor de Soare din secolul al XX-lea
 Lista eclipselor de Soare din secolul al XXI-lea

Note

Eclipsa de Soare 2018 08 11
2018-08-11

Eclipsa de Soare din 11 august 2018


Íngrid Felicitas Olderöck Benhard (1944 - 17 mars 2001), connue comme « La femme des chiens », est une officière des carabiniers du Chili, avec grade de major, qui en 1973 s'est convertie en agente de la Direction nationale du renseignement (DINA), responsable de violations des droits humains pendant les premières années de la dictature militaire au Chili.

Biographie
Descendante d'Allemands proches du nazisme (son père provenait de Hambourg et sa mère de Munich), elle émigre au Chili avec ses parents et ses sœurs. Selon Nancy Guzmán, journaliste et autrice du livre Ingrid Olderöck : la femme des chiens, la future agente a été élevée dans un environnement familial très autoritaire, où existait un certain mépris de la culture latine, moins encline à l'ordre : .

Violations des droits humains
En octobre 1973, Olderöck rejoint la DINA avec le grade de capitaine et participe à l'école féminine de l'institution, où elle enseigne à environ  des méthodes de torture et de tactiques répressives contre des adversaires à la dictature militaire. Des sources signalent que dans l'exercice de ses fonctions à la DINA, elle connaît des secrets liés au Projet Andrea, conduit par la dictature militaire de Pinochet pour fabriquer et utiliser du gaz sarin destinés aux opposants.

En 1974, la DINA crée les premiers centres de détention. Parmi eux figure la , où Olderöck commet des tortures et des viols en utilisant un chien du nom de « Volodia ». Dans une interview à The Clinic, une des victimes, Alejandra Holzapfel, raconte qu'Olderöck avait dressé le chien pour qu'il viole, et qu'elle dirigeait l'animal, pendant que les autres tortionnaires obligeaient les détenus (hommes et femmes) à prendre des positions qui facilitaient cette torture.

Attentat et retraite
Le , elle est victime d'un attentat perpétré à son domicile ; elle reçoit une balle dans la tête de la part d'un commando du Mouvement de la gauche révolutionnaire (MIR), après quoi elle prend sa retraite des Carabiniers. Olderöck soutient que, bien que perpétré par le MIR, l'attentat aurait été planifié par les Carabiniers du Chili en représailles à sa désertion. Selon Nancy Guzmán, Olderöck .

Olderöck meurt le  à l'âge de , des suites d'une hémorragie digestive aiguë. Ses violations aux droits humains sont restés impunies. Quand elle était encore en vie, elle faisait croire qu'elle était folle à cause du projectile logé dans sa tête après l'attentat.

Références culturelles
L'histoire d'Olderöck sert d'inspiration pour le court-métrage animé , dirigé par Hugo Covarrubias et sorti en 2021 ; l'œuvre est nommée au Oscars dans la catégorie du meilleur court métrage d'animation.

Articles connexes

 Direction nationale du renseignement
 Agression sexuelle
 Viol
 Violence sexuelle

Références

Bibliographie

Personnalité féminine chilienne
Personnalité de la Direction nationale du renseignement
Torture au Chili
Naissance en 1944
Décès en mars 2001
Décès à 57 ans

Íngrid Olderöck


Papagianni ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Dinitra Papagianni, griechische Archäologin, Historikerin und Kunstwissenschaftlerin

Siehe auch:
 Papagiannis

Papagianni


Bulathsinghalage Sirisena Cooray (25 de abril de 1931 - 30 de novembro de 2021), foi um político do Sri Lanka. Foi Presidente da Câmara de Colombo de 1979 a 1989 e foi eleito de Colombo para o Parlamento na 9ª eleição parlamentar em 1989. Foi nomeado Ministro da Habitação e Construção no gabinete de Premadasa. serviu como secretário-geral do United National Party durante o mandato do líder do partido Ranasinghe Premadasa. Ele enviou indicações para o Conselho Municipal de Colombo eleições em 2006 como prefeito, no entanto, sua lista de nomeações do partido foi rejeitada pela comissão eleitoral por um tecnicismo. O partido independente apoiado por Sirisena venceu as eleições e Uvais Mohamed Imitiyas tornou-se prefeito.

Seu irmão Nandasena Cooray foi vice-prefeito de Colombo e era casado com a irmã do ex-líder do JVP Somawansa Amarasinghe.

Políticos do Sri Lanka
Naturais de Colombo

Sirisena Cooray


Rivello ist eine süditalienische Gemeinde (comune) mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) in der Provinz Potenza in der Basilikata. Die Gemeinde liegt etwa 62,5 Kilometer südsüdwestlich von Potenza. Rivello ist Teil der Comunità montana Lagonegrese.

Geschichte
Ursprünglich im Hochmittelalter begründet wurde die Gemeinde bedeutsam durch den Konvent des heiligen Antonius, der 1512 errichtet wurde.

Verkehr
Durch die Gemeinde führen die Autostrada A2 und die Strada Statale 585 Fondo Valle del Noce. Der Ort hatte einen Bahnhof an der Bahnstrecke Lagonegro–Spezzano Albanese.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in der Basilikata

Rivello


Wilhelm Thielmann (né le  à Herborn, mort le  à Cassel) est un peintre et dessinateur allemand.

Biographie
Son père Ludwig est facteur. Sa mère Luise Schleich reconnaît le don de leur fils pour le dessin, mais étudier les arts n'est pas la volonté des parents. Après la Realschule, Thielmann suit le séminaire des enseignants à Usingen, puis travaille dans le Taunus en tant que professeur d'école primaire dans les villages d'Anspach, Rödelheim et Eschbach. Afin de devenir professeur de dessin, il prend un congé en 1894 et étudie à l'école des beaux-arts de Cassel. Après son excellent examen final, il est professeur de dessin à l'école.

À la fin de l'été 1897, il se rend pour la première fois à Willingshausen qui est un lieu populaire pour étudier les peintres de l' qui œuvrent en plein air depuis le milieu du . En 1903, il abandonne l'enseignement et s'installe constamment à Willingshausen. Au début, il a vécu dans la maison d'hôtes Haaseschen. Wilhelm Thielmann était ami avec Carl Bantzer, Hugo Mühlig, , Adolf Lins, Heinrich Otto, Otto Ubbelohde, Henriette Schmidt-Bonn, Hans von Volkmann et d'autres. Il devient le centre du cercle des artistes et s'occupe de l'album des peintres de Willingshausen. Au printemps 1906, Wilhelm Thielmann se rend en Italie puis séjourne à Langgöns. Thielmann apprend la technique de l'eau-forte de Heinrich Otto. En 1910, Wilhelm Thielmann vit avec la veuve du chef forestier Hücker et depuis lors, il fréquente le Meininger Musiktage à Marburg an der Lahn. Il caricature Max Reger lors d'un concert. En 1912, il épouse la fille du médecin Alexandra Thilenius (née le  à Wiesbaden, morte le  à Willingshausen), qui fut son élève l'année précédente et dirigea plus tard un atelier de broderie de Schwalm.

Thielmann est illustrateur pour des magazines tels que Die Gartenlaube, Illustrirte Zeitung et le magazine . Il est également très demandé en tant que portraitiste. Pour le compte de la ville de Kassel, il réalise le tableau Philippe le Magnanime revient de captivité à Kassel.

Wilhelm Thielmann est exposé dans des expositions d'art renommées à Berlin, Darmstadt, Düsseldorf, Dresde et à l'Exposition universelle de 1913 à Gand, Cassel, Cologne, Leipzig, Munich et Wiesbaden. En 1915, naît sa fille, la peintre Marianne, qui épousera plus tard le peintre Günther Heinemann. En 1918, Thielmann reçoit le titre de professeur du ministère prussien de la Culture. En 1923, Thielmann commence à construire sa maison-atelier à Willingshausen, mais meurt peu de temps avant son achèvement en 1924 après un accident vasculaire cérébral chez son ami et collectionneur Ludwig Pfeiffer. Dès le , une exposition commémorative est ouverte par la .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Peintre allemand du XIXe siècle
Peintre allemand du XXe siècle
Dessinateur prussien
Illustrateur allemand
Naissance en mars 1868
Naissance à Herborn
Naissance dans la province de Hesse-Nassau
Décès en novembre 1924
Décès à 56 ans
Décès à Cassel (Hesse)

Wilhelm Thielmann


Luptele de la Bazargic a fost o acțiune militară de nivel tactic, desfășurată pe Frontul Român, în timpul campaniei din anul 1916 a participării României la Primul Război Mondial. Ea s-a desfășurat în perioada  23 august/5 septembrie - 25 august/7 septembrie 1916  și a avut ca rezultat cucerirea orașului Bazargic de către forțele Puterilor Centrale, în ea fiind angajate forțe române din Divizia 19 Infanterie, Divizia 1 Voluntari sârbă și Divizia 61 Infanterie rusă și forțe ale Puterilor Centrale din Divizia 6 Infanterie bulgară și Divizia Mixtă bulgară. A făcut parte din acțiunile militare care au avut loc în acțiunile militare din Dobrogea.

Contextul operativ strategic

Forțe participante

Dispozitivul forțelor române

Dispozitivul forțelor inamice

Comandanți

Comandanți români
General Nicolae Arghirescu
General Panteleimon Nicolaevici Simanski
Colonel Stevan Hadžić

Comandanți ai Puterilor Centrale
General Stefan Popov
General Todor Kantardjiev

Planurile de luptă

Desfășurarea acțiunilor militare

Rezultate și urmări

Note

Bibliografie
 Kirițescu, Constantin, Istoria războiului pentru întregirea României, Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, București, 1989
 Ioanițiu Alexandru (Lt.-Colonel), Războiul României: 1916-1918, vol I, Tipografia Geniului, București, 1929
 ***, Istoria militară a poporului român, vol. V, Editura Militară, București, 1989

Vezi și

 Participarea României la Primul Război Mondial

Bătălii de pe frontul românesc în Primul Război Mondial

Luptele de la Bazargic (1916)


Celia Correas de Zapata (Mendoza, 9 de octubre de 1933-Clovis, California, 21 de agosto de 2022) fue una escritora, académica, y poeta argentina, siendo además una destacada estudiosa de la historia de las escritoras latinoamericanas.

Biografía
Hija del destacado Edmundo Correas y nieta del célebre Juan de Dios Correas, ambos muy importantes en la historia de su ciudad natal: Mendoza. Es profesora de literatura en la Universidad Estatal de San José, en California.

Nacida en Argentina, actualmente reside en California. Ha editado, entre otras, la antología Short Stories by Latin America Women: The Magic and the Real con una introducción de Isabel Allende.

Algunas publicaciones
 . 1985. "Escritoras latinoamericanas: sus publicaciones en el contexto de las estructuras del poder". Revista Iberoamericana, volumen 51 : 591-603

Libros
 . 2003. Short stories by Latin American women: the magic and the real. Modern Library Classics. Edición reimpresa de Modern Library, 246 pp. ISBN 0-8129-6707-0 artículo en línea, en castellano

 ------------------------------. 1999. Isabel Allende: vida y espíritus. 2ª edición de Plaza y Janes, 223 pp. ISBN 0-553-06100-3

 ------------------------------. 1987. Aqua regia. Editores Universidad de Puerto Rico, en Mayagüez Campus, Río Piedras Campus, y Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades. 28 pp.

 ------------------------------. 1980. Tiempo ajeno (poesías). Editorial Trasterra, 47 pp.

 ------------------------------, . 1980b. Detrás de la reja: antología crítica de narradoras latinoamericanas del siglo XX. Colección Continentes. Editor Monte Ávila Editores, 400 pp.

 ------------------------------. 1978. Ensayos hispanoamericanos. Volumen 1246 de Serie popular. Editor Corregidor, 291 pp.

 ------------------------------. 1976. Cruz del Sur: poemas. Editor B. Costa-Amic, 93 pp.

 ------------------------------. 1973. Ecos de Antonio Machado en Leopoldo Panero. 13 pp.

 ------------------------------. 1968. Cantos de evocación y ensueño. Editorial Troquel, 80 pp.

Honores
 Directora de la «Conferencia 1976 de la Escritoras Interamericanas», una de las primeras conferencias de EE.UU. en ese campo

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Ensayistas de Argentina
Escritoras de Argentina
Escritores en español del siglo XX
Escritores en inglés
Mendocinos (capital)
Poetas de Argentina del siglo XX
Poetas de Argentina del siglo XXI
Poetas de la provincia de Mendoza
Poetisas de Argentina
Profesoras de Estados Unidos
Fallecidos en California
Emigrantes argentinos hacia Estados Unidos

Celia Correas de Zapata


نتسكيب نافيجاتور  هو اسم لمتصفح ويب احتكاري في فترة التسعينات. كان لهذا المتصفح النصيب الأكبر في سوق متصفحات الويب، إلا أنه بحلول العام 2002، أصبح للمتصفح عدد قليل جدا من المستخدمين، ويعود هذا جزئيا إلى أن شركة مايكروسوفت قد ضمنت متصفحها إنترنت إكسبلورر في نظام التشغيل مايكروسوفت ويندوز، وإلى أن شركة نيتسكب كومينيكاشن لم تحافظ على الإبداع التقني لمتصفحها.

كول تولك

كول تولك ، هاتف إنترنت مدرج في متصفح نتسكيب نافيجاتور 3.0، يحتوي مجيب آلي وشيرد وايتبورد.

تحديث

 اشترت شركة AOL شركة نينسكب كومينيكاشن، وبحلول عام 2008 توقف إنتاج المتصفح Netscape Navigator

اقرأ أيضا

 مؤسسة موزيلا
 موزيلا فايرفوكس

مراجع

متصفحات ويب لنظام أو إس/2
برمجيات 1994
برمجيات ماك أو إس
تاريخ متصفحات الويب
متصفحات ويب متعددة المنصات
منتجات عرضت في 1994
موزيلا
نتسكيب

نتسكيب نافيجاتور


تقع جبال غفساي في المغرب في شمال البلاد. تم فيها اكتشاف أماكن زراعة الحشيش وتصنيعة.

المصادر

انظر أيضا
 المغرب

وصلات خارجية

جبال المغرب

جبال غفساي


Tour of California 2017 var den 12. udgave af cykelløbet Tour of California. Det amerikanske etapeløb var det 23. arrangement på UCI's World Tour-kalender i 2017 og blev arrangeret mellem 14. og 20. maj 2017. Den samlede vinder af løbet blev newzealandske George Bennett fra .

Hold og ryttere

Danske ryttere
Matti Breschel kørte for
Michael Mørkøv kørte for
Mads Würtz Schmidt kørte for
Søren Kragh Andersen kørte for

Etaperne

1. etape

2. etape

3. etape

4. etape

5. etape

6. etape

7. etape

Trøjernes fordeling gennem løbet

Resultater

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

2017
UCI World Tour 2017

Tour of California 2017


David Andrews ist der Name folgender Personen:

* David Andrews (Politiker) (Daithí Mac Aindriú; * 1935), irischer Politiker (Fianna Fáil)
 David Andrews (Schauspieler) (* 1952), US-amerikanischer Schauspieler
 David Andrews (Spezialeffektkünstler) (auch David Kelly-Andrews), US-amerikanischer Spezialeffektkünstler
 David Andrews (Footballspieler) (* 1992), US-amerikanischer American-Football-Spieler

Siehe auch:
 A. David Andrews (* 1933), britischer Astronom

David Andrews


Notater om Nato er en dokumentarfilm fra 1969 instrueret af Allan de Waal.

Handling
Oplæg til videre diskussion af Danmarks forhold til NATO. Filmen portrætterer tre politiske profiler af forskellig observans. Per Kirkeby har tegnet en række kølige krigstegninger.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1969

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Notater om Nato


Chukchi may refer to:
Chukchi people
Chukchi language
Chukchi Peninsula
Chukchi Sea

See also
Chukotka (disambiguation)
Chukotsky (disambiguation)

Language and nationality disambiguation pages

Chukchi


El término batalla de Cambrai puede hacer referencia a alguno de los siguientes enfrentamientos ocurridos en la ciudad francesa de Cambrai:

1917: Batalla del frente occidental de la Primera Guerra Mundial, donde se usaron por primera vez tanques de forma masiva, ver «Batalla de Cambrai (1917)».

1918: Batalla del frente occidental de la Primera Guerra Mundial, durante la última ofensiva aliada, ver «Batalla de Cambrai (1918)».

Batalla de Cambrai