is a rail shooter arcade video game developed and released by Sega in 1987. The player controls an American F-14 Tomcat fighter jet and must clear each of the game's eighteen unique stages by destroying incoming enemies. The plane is equipped with a machine gun and a limited supply of heat-seeking missiles. The game uses a third-person perspective, as in Sega's earlier Space Harrier (1985) and Out Run (1986). It runs on the Sega X Board arcade system which is capable of surface and sprite rotation. It is the fourth Sega game to use a hydraulic "taikan" motion simulator arcade cabinet, one that is more elaborate than their earlier "taikan" simulator games. The cabinet simulates an aircraft cockpit, with flight stick controls, a chair with seatbelt, and hydraulic motion technology that moves, tilts, rolls and rotates the cockpit in sync with the on-screen action.

Designed by Sega veteran Yu Suzuki and the Sega AM2 division, After Burner was intended as being Sega's first "true blockbuster" video game. Development began in December 1986, shortly after the completion of Out Run, and was kept as a closely guarded secret within the company. Suzuki was inspired by the 1986 films Top Gun and Laputa: Castle in the Sky; he originally planned for the game to have a steampunk aesthetic similar to Laputa, but instead went with a Top Gun look to make the game approachable for worldwide audiences. It was designed outside the company in a building named "Studio 128", due to Sega adopting a flextime schedule to allow for games to be worked on outside company headquarters. An updated version with the addition of throttle controls, After Burner II, was released later the same year.

After Burner was a worldwide commercial success, becoming Japan's second highest-grossing large arcade game of 1987 and overall arcade game of 1988 as well as among America's top five highest-grossing dedicated arcade games of 1988. It was acclaimed by critics for its impressive visuals, gameplay and overall presentation, and is seen as being important and influential. It was followed by a series of sequels and ports for many platforms, including the Master System, ZX Spectrum, and Famicom. Sega also produced several successors to the game to capitalize on its success, such as G-LOC: Air Battle. After Burner has also been referenced in many other Sega video games, such as Fighters Megamix, Shenmue, and Bayonetta.

Gameplay

The game allows the player to control an F-14 Tomcat jet airplane. At the start of the game, the player takes off from an aircraft carrier called the SEGA Enterprise on a mission to destroy enemy jets over 18 stages.

In the arcade version, the jet employs a machine gun and a limited number of heat-seeking missiles (in the Master System version the player has unlimited missiles). These weapons are replenished by another aircraft, after beating a few stages. The aircraft, cannon and missile buttons are all controlled from an integrated flight stick.

The game itself was released in two variations in the US: a standard upright cabinet and a closed rotating cockpit deluxe version. In the cockpit version, the seat tilted forward and backwards, and the cockpit rotated from side to side. It featured two speakers at head-level for stereo sound, and had a seatbelt to hold the player when the cockpit moved. Both cabinets contained a grey monitor frame with flashing lights at the top that indicated an enemy's "lock" on the player's craft. Japan also received a commander cabinet that moved left and right. A third variation, called commander, released elsewhere, featured an open cabinet.

Development and release
After Burner was designed by Yu Suzuki of Sega AM2, with assistance by programmer Satoshi Mifune and composer Hiroshi "Hiro" Kawaguchi. Development of the game begin in early December 1986 shortly after work on Out Run was completed, with much of the development team having worked on Out Run. After Burner was intended as Sega's first "true blockbuster" video game; as such, the project was kept as a closely guarded secret within the company during the entirety of its development cycle. When the game was in its initial concept stages, Sega had adopted a flextime work system, allowing development of games to be done outside the company; After Burner was one of the first games to be produced under this new system, with development taking place in a building named "Studio 128".

Suzuki was inspired by the film Laputa: Castle in the Sky and initially wanted to employ a similar steampunk anime aesthetic for After Burner, but this idea was scrapped early on in favor of a style akin to the movie Top Gun, as Suzuki wanted the game more approachable for a worldwide audience. The game was programmed and tested on a PC-98 system, making it the first Sega-published video game to be developed using personal computers rather than workstations.

One of the biggest challenges the team had to overcome was researching and implementing sprite and surface rotation, which for the time was considered a milestone in video games. The team also struggled with creating the smoke trails made by firing missiles, seeing several tweaks and revisions as development progressed. Unlike their earlier game Out Run, which featured real-world locations in its levels, Suzuki lacked the time to visit any specific places or landmarks, so he and his team made up their own stage settings. Suzuki toyed with the idea of having the Soviet Union as the antagonists to potentially increase sales in the west, but decided against it later on after struggling to tie it together with the game's level designs and settings. The refueling and landing sequences were created to add variety.

The After Burner arcade cabinet was significantly more expensive than most of Sega's other machines at the time. The first prototype unit constructed, which consisted of the monitor attached to a steel frame, was claimed by Mifune to have "amazing power", but was considered too dangerous to operate and had the power levels lowered. Suzuki also thought of the game using a gyroscopic arcade cabinet that spun the player around, an idea that later became the R-360. A throttle control was briefly considered, but was abandoned as it would have destroyed the game's difficulty balance. It uses the Sega X Board, which was also used for games such as Thunder Blade (1987) and Super Monaco GP (1989). After Burner was officially released in Japan in July 1987, and in October of that year in North America. In Europe, it was released in September 1987, with the hydraulic sit-in cabinet costing £4,000, or , in the United Kingdom.

After Burner II

After Burner was followed by After Burner II, which was released in the same year (1987), also released for the Sega X Board arcade system. Some consider this game to be more of a revision of its predecessor, rather than an entirely new game, a practice later repeated by Sega for Galaxy Force and Galaxy Force II. In the game, players fly an F-14 Tomcat jet fighter, gunning down enemies while avoiding incoming fire. After Burner II came both a standard arcade cabinet and a servo actuated, sit-down motion simulator version which moved according to the motion of the plane onscreen. The cockpit would bank in the same direction the on-screen aircraft was banking. It is an updated version of After Burner, with the addition of throttle controls. It was a commercial success, becoming Japan's highest-grossing arcade game of 1988.

The game was mostly created by three men: Yu Suzuki, Satoshi Mifune, and Kawaguchi. During development, it was codenamed Studio 128 to specify the secrecy of the project.

Reception

Arcade
Game Machine listed After Burner as being the most popular arcade game of August 1987 in Japan, where it went on to be the second highest-grossing large arcade game of 1987 (just below Out Run) and the overall highest-grossing arcade game of 1988. In the United States, it was one of the top five highest-grossing dedicated arcade games of 1988, and remained a top ten earner at various arcades through 1990. In the United Kingdom, it was the top-grossing arcade game upon release in September 1987.

The arcade game received positive reviews from critics. Clare Edgeley of Computer and Video Games called it a "fabulous game" with praise for the gameplay and motion cabinet while noting it has a lock-on mechanic similar to the Data East arcade game Lock-On (1986). Top Score said it has "all the finger-numbing action of the best arcade shoot-em-ups, combined with some of the most stunning animation ever seen in a video game" and that it was "a glossy air combat game that ranks higher than similar efforts that have preceded it". The review called it "one of the most beautiful and realistic shooting games ever produced" with "somewhat shallow" gameplay that is nevertheless "definitively worth the price of admission" especially in the "cockpit simulator" cabinet.

Sinclair User reviewed the arcade game, scoring it 8 out of 10. Ciarán Brennan of Your Sinclair said that, despite the higher price point, do not "let a little thing like a pound coin stand between you and action like this". Robin Hogg of The Games Machine called it the "hottest Sega release so far" with praise for the graphics and gameplay, but with some criticism towards the £1 UK price.

At the 1987 Gamest Awards in Japan, After Burner won the Best Graphics award, while being a runner-up for Game of the Year (2nd place), Best Ending (6th place), Best VGM (4th place), Best Sound Synthesis (8th place) and Most Popular Game (3rd place). After Burner also won a Special Award at the 1988 Gamest Awards. In the United States, After Burner won the award for "Most Innovative Game" at the Amusement & Music Operators Association's 1988 AMOA Games Awards.

After Burner II

In Japan, After Burner II was tied with After Burner as the highest-grossing arcade game of 1988.

Mega placed the Mega Drive version at number 38 in their Top Mega Drive Games of All Time. MegaTech magazine praised the smooth and fast gameplay, as well as the sound.

Ports

The game was ported to the Amiga, MS-DOS, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, X68000, FM Towns, Commodore 64, Master System, PC Engine, Sega Saturn, MSX, ZX Spectrum. The C64 has two versions: a European version by U.S. Gold, and a US version by Activision and Weebee Games. A port of After Burner to the 32X was done by Rutubo Games, and was known as After Burner Complete in Japan and Europe. An unlicensed NES port of the game developed by Tengen also exists, which was reworked by Sunsoft for their Japanese-exclusive port to the same console. A port of After Burner to the Game Boy Advance was included in an arcade 4 pack named Sega Arcade Gallery.

After Burner for the Master System was a best-seller for Sega in the United States during 1988.

Computer Gaming World reviewed After Burner on the Master System, citing aircraft depicted in "remarkable detail", "spectacular" scenery, and excellent explosions. On the ZX Spectrum the 1988 conversion of After Burner by Activision was well-received, with Sinclair User describing it as "top-class coin-op conversion destined for the top of the charts" and giving it 90%, whilst Crash magazine gave it 86% overall. Zzap!64's reviewers were unimpressed with the Commodore 64 version which was described as "incredibly disappointing" with "laughably bad" graphics and sound. It was given an overall rating of 17%. A later Computer Gaming World review for the PC was much more critical, giving the game one star out of five and stating that it was inferior to the arcade version.

Reviewing the 32X version, GamePro commented that the graphics, sound, and gameplay are all great, but that the only difference between it and the Genesis version of After Burner II are some minor graphical and audio enhancements, making it only worthwhile to gamers who have never played an After Burner game before.

After Burner II has been translated and ported to numerous home systems: PC Engine, X68000, Mega Drive/Genesis, Famicom, FM Towns Marty, Atari ST, Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, and Sega Saturn.

The game was rebuilt with stereoscopic 3D feature as one of 3D Classics for Nintendo 3DS.

Legacy

Sequels and related games

Although the After Burner brand was long dormant, Sega created a number of aerial combat games centered on the F-14 Tomcat with many similar features, which are frequently regarded as part of the series. These include G-LOC: Air Battle and its sequel Strike Fighter (later rebranded After Burner III in its home release). Later games associated with the series include Sky Target (which retained similar gameplay and presentation to the original, but with the addition of 3D graphics) and Sega Strike Fighter (an arcade flight combat game which featured free-roaming movement, boasting similar music but with an F/A-18 Hornet as the main plane).

In 2006, Sega released a new sequel on Sega Lindbergh hardware, After Burner Climax, the first arcade game to bear the brand since After Burner II.

After Burner Climax was later ported to Xbox Live Arcade and PSN. It was followed by the spin-off After Burner: Black Falcon for the PSP in 2007. After Burner Climax was de-listed in December 2014, leaving the game no longer available for purchase, only to be brought back in March 2019 to digital mobile platforms for free, with ads, under the Sega Forever brand.

In Japan, After Burner II was released on the PlayStation 2 as part of the Sega Ages classic series.

M2 ported After Burner II in Sega's 3D Classics series to the Nintendo 3DS eShop in Japan on 2013 and worldwide in 2015. This version is faithful to the original arcade game with additions, including Touch Controls and screen layouts that resemble the Upright as well as the Commander and Deluxe cabinets. An unlockable new Special mode was also added, which used a time-slowing "Burst" system similar to After Burner Climax, and featured a different story and altered stages. This mode has no stage select or continues, and instead depends on frequent acquisition of extra lives over the course of the game in order to complete it.

In other games
An emulated version of After Burner is playable at the in-game arcade in Shenmue 2.

The plane from After Burner makes a cameo in Fighters Megamix, accessed with a cheat code.

The music from After Burner appears in a remix in Chapter 8, entitled "Route 666", of Bayonetta (developed by PlatinumGames and published by Sega). This remix is reused in Super Smash Bros. for Wii U and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate on the Bayonetta stage, Umbra Clock Tower.

An area based on After Burner, "Carrier Zone", appears as a tennis court in Sega Superstars Tennis and as a race track in Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed. The latter also features a playable racer, AGES, whose vehicle transforms into an After Burner-inspired F-14 Tomcat during flight segments.

A remix of After Burner appears in Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA on both the arcade & console versions, complete with Vocaloid vocals.

Notes

References

External links

Retrospective of the series at Hardcore Gaming 101
After Burner at Lemon Amiga

After Burner Arcade Walkthrough
After Burner II at Arcade History

1987 video games
Amiga games
Amstrad CPC games
Arcade video games
Atari ST games
Commodore 64 games
DOS games
FM Towns games
Mobile games
MSX games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
PlayStation 2 games
Rail shooters
Rutubo Games games
Sega 32X games
Sega-AM2 games
Master System games
Sega Saturn games
X68000 games
Tengen (company) games
Tiger Electronics handheld games
TurboGrafx-16 games
ZX Spectrum games
Sega arcade games
Sega Games franchises
Unauthorized video games
Video games scored by Hiroshi Kawaguchi
Video games scored by Jeroen Tel
Video games designed by Yu Suzuki
Single-player video games
Sega video games
Aircraft carriers in fiction
Video games developed in Japan

After Burner


Miguel Ángel Ramírez, né le  à Las Palmas en Espagne, est un entraîneur espagnol de football.

Biographie

Débuts
Né à Las Palmas, dans les îles Canaries, Ramírez devient entraîneur dans les catégories de jeunes de l'UD Las Palmas en 2003, en provenance de l'AD Claret. En 2011, il part pour la Grèce, initialement pour entraîner dans les équipes de jeunes de l'AEK Athènes mais entraînera lors de la même année au Panathinaïkós et à l'Olympiakos en raison de la crise économique.

En 2012, après un retour et une année passée avec l'UD Las Palmas, l'entraîneur passe quelques mois à travailler comme recruteur pour le Deportivo Alavés avant de s'installer au Qatar, où il rejoint l'Aspire Academy. En 2018, après avoir également été responsable de l'équipe des moins de 14 ans du Qatar et avoir été l'assistant de son compatriote Félix Sánchez Bas en moins de 19 ans, il signe en Équateur où il est nommé manager de l'équipe des moins de 18 ans de l'Independiente del Valle.

Independiente del Valle
Le , après la nomination de son compatriote Ismael Rescalvo à la tête du CS Emelec, Ramírez est nommé manager de l'équipe première. Il conduit le club au titre de la Copa Sudamericana 2019, le premier de sa carrière et la première consécration internationale de l'histoire du club.

Le , l'espagnol confirme son départ de l'équipe équatorienne après près de deux ans en tant que manager.

Internacional
Le , il signe un contrat de deux ans à l'Internacional, club brésilien de Série A. Le , il est limogé après avoir été éliminé de la Coupe du Brésil par l'EC Vitória, club de Série B.

Charlotte FC
Le , Ramírez devient le nouvel entraîneur du Charlotte FC pour la première saison du club en Major League Soccer. Néanmoins, avant même la mi-saison, il est limogé par la franchise le  avec un bilan de sept victoires, un verdict - match - nul et neuf défaites. Cette décision intervient alors que l'équipe se situe à seulement deux points d'une place accédant aux séries éliminatoires et après plusieurs critiques formulées par l'entraîneur à l'égard de la construction de son effectif et du manque de moyens alloués.

Palmarès
 Independiente del Valle
 Vainqueur de la Copa Sudamericana en 2019

Notes et références

Liens externes

Entraîneur espagnol de football
Entraîneur du Sport Club Internacional
Entraîneur du Real Sporting de Gijón
Naissance en octobre 1984
Naissance à Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

Miguel Ángel Ramírez


Paul Lavigne-Delville, né le  et mort le , est un militaire français, combattant de la Première Guerre mondiale et un militant antirépublicain de l'entre-deux-guerres et du régime de Vichy.

Biographie
Paul Louis Alexandre Lavigne-Delville est le fils de Jean-Henri Lavigne-Delville, propriétaire demeurant à Paris puis à Neuilly-sur-Seine, et de Marie Lucile Françoise Monier, sans profession.

Carrière militaire
Il intègre en 1884 l'École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr au sein de la 69e promotion, dite de Fou Tchéou. Il en sort diplômé en 1886 et choisit la cavalerie où il sert d'abord comme sous-lieutenant.

Il est promu lieutenant en 1890, capitaine en 1899, chef d'escadron en 1909. Il prend part aux combats de la Première Guerre mondiale et gravit les échelons de la hiérarchie. En septembre 1914, il participe, au côté du général Grossetti, à la bataille de Mondement. Il sert ensuite sous ses ordres à l'état-major du 16e corps. En 1916, il commande comme lieutenant-colonel le 170e régiment d'infanterie. À la fin du conflit, il atteint le sommet de son parcours militaire en tant que général de division, commandant la 4e division de cavalerie. Il est promu grand officier de la Légion d'honneur et revient à la vie civile en 1928 : il est placé dans le cadre de réserve en mai 1928.

Engagement politique
Paul Lavigne-Delville est membre du comité directeur de l'Association des membres de la Légion d'honneur décorés au péril de leur vie depuis sa fondation en 1927. Il est aussi membre des Croix-de-feu à leurs débuts. Membre de l'Action française, mouvement royaliste et nationaliste, il tient à partir de 1928 une tribune dans la page militaire du quotidien de ce mouvement, lancée cette année-là. Il est membre de l'Œillet blanc qui regroupe des notables royalistes.

Avec des membres de l'Association des membres de la Légion d'honneur décorés au péril de leur vie, il manifeste lors de l'émeute parisienne du 6 février 1934. Il fait ensuite partie des membres dirigeants du Front national qui rassemble plusieurs ligues d'extrême droite et des petits groupements comme l'Association des membres de la Légion d'honneur décorés au péril de leur vie. Il défile  à Paris parmi les chefs du Front national en 1935 et 1936 à l'occasion de la fête de Jeanne d'Arc. Il préside une des réunions des chefs du Front national en octobre 1935, dans le contexte de la guerre d'Éthiopie : ils s'interrogent sur les moyens qu'ils peuvent utiliser pour combattre les sanctions contre l'Italie et appuyer le président du conseil Pierre Laval, hostile à ces sanctions.

Il est aussi membre de la Ligue franc-catholique aux visées antimaçonniques.

Paul Lavigne-Delville est mêlé avec Eugène Deloncle et le docteur Henri Martin aux discussions aboutissant à la fondation de La Cagoule en 1936. Il est notamment une des chevilles ouvrières des liens entre le CSAR ou OSARN de Deloncle et la . En 1936 et 1937, il conseille Deloncle qui prépare un plan contre-révolutionnaire en cas de soulèvement communiste. En 1938, il est confronté par la justice à Deloncle, alors arrêté et emprisonné, et affirme que ce dernier était en relation avec des chefs de l'armée. Il préside vers 1938 le groupe de la région parisienne de la Spirale ou Union militaire française, association fondée et présidée par Georges Loustaunau-Lacau, ancien animateur des réseaux Corvignolles liés à l'armée et à la Cagoule.

Il démarche le général Francisco Franco en avril 1937 pour mettre en place un bataillon de volontaires étrangers désireux de lutter aux côtés des franquistes lors de la guerre civile espagnole. Ce bataillon, issu de diverses initiatives, est appelé par le général Lavigne-Delville Bandera Jeanne d'Arc. Il combat au sein des troupes franquistes, notamment dans la Légion étrangère espagnole.

Sous l'Occupation et l'État français, il est membre dès sa fondation en 1940 du Mouvement social révolutionnaire (MSR), d'inspiration fasciste, fondé par Deloncle. En juillet 1941, il se rend à Vichy avec Pierre Clémenti pour discuter de la mise en place de la Légion des volontaires français contre le bolchevisme, initiée par les partis collaborationnistes parisiens dont le MSR. Il est un temps inspecteur général de la LVF.

Il assiste en 1941 à l'inauguration à Paris de l'Institut d'étude des questions juives et à celle de l'exposition Le Juif et la France. Il publie quelques articles antisémites dans l'hebdomadaire Au Pilori. Il y dénonce ainsi la banque Worms en 1941. Il est hostile aux résistants qu'il perçoit comme une coalition d'« enjuivés », de communistes et de francs-maçons et, avec son ami Armand de Puységur, compte en 1943 sur l'Allemagne nazie pour réformer la France, gangrenée par la République.

En avril 1947, après la Libération, alors âgé de plus de 82 ans, il est condamné à deux ans de prison,  d'amende et à la dégradation nationale à vie. La Cour de justice de la Seine lui reproche notamment son adhésion au MSR, son appui à la LVF et ses quatre articles antisémites publiés dans Au Pilori. Condamné, il est exclu de droit de la Légion d'honneur.

En 1955, il préface le livre anonyme et qui sera interdit Pour la Milice, justice !, écrit par Henry Charbonneau, qui tente de justifier l'action de la Milice française durant l'Occupation.

Publications
 Apparences et réalités militaires, Éditions Charles-Lavauzelle, 1921
 Inquiétudes militaires, Éditions Charles-Lavauzelle, 1924
 Grandeur, décadence et défense de l'Armée Française, Éditions La Tour du Guet, 1952
 À Mondement, avec Foch, Humbert et Grossetti, Éditions Nelle, 1954

Lien externe
 Dossier de la Légion d'honneur de Paul Lavigne-Delville dans la base Léonore

Notes et références

Liens externes

Militaire français de la Première Guerre mondiale
Cagoule (Osarn)
Personnalité de l'Action française
Régime de Vichy
Naissance en mai 1866
Naissance dans le 16e arrondissement de Paris
Décès en décembre 1957
Décès à Nice
Décès à 91 ans
Personnalité condamnée à l'indignité nationale

Paul Lavigne-Delville


The Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium (CBB) is an athletic conference and academic consortium between three private liberal arts colleges in the U.S. State of Maine. The group consists of Colby College in Waterville, Bates College in Lewiston, and Bowdoin College in Brunswick. In allusion to the Big Three of the Ivy League, Colby, Bates, and Bowdoin, are collectively known the "Maine Big Three", a play on words with the words "Maine" and "main". The school names are ordered by their geographical organization in Maine (north to south).

The colleges contest the C-B-B Trophy in three-way football games in the Fall of their respective academic years. As of the 2017–18 season, Bowdoin leads the conference in wins, with 19; Colby has 14 and Bates has won 13. Colby holds the record for the longest streak of consecutive wins (1988–1992). Bates holds the record for biggest shutout with a 51–0 game over Colby in 1985. There have been seven three-way-ties: 1965, 1979, 1993, 1995, 2009, 2011, and 2013. The three colleges also contest the Chase Regatta, an annual up-and-down river tourney. The inaugural winner was Bowdoin, but the series has since been dominated by Bates and Colby; Colby has won the regatta five times and the President's Cup nine times. Bates currently holds the most titles (14 out of 20 wins), the winning streak (2006–present), and the most President's Cups (9 cups).

The CBB Consortium often draws comparisons to the football games of the Big Three of the Ivy League, with Bowdoin often drawing the connection to Harvard, Bates to Princeton, and Colby to Yale. Just as Harvard, Yale, and Princeton are initialized as HYP, so too are Colby, Bates, and Bowdoin as "CBB".

History

From its inception, Bates College served as an alternative to a more traditional and historically conservative Bowdoin College. There is a long tradition of rivalry and competitiveness between the two colleges, revolving around socioeconomic class, academic quality, and collegiate athletics. The two colleges have competed against each other athletically since the 1870s, and subsequently share one of the ten oldest NCAA Division III football rivalries, in the United States.

The Bates-Bowdoin Game is the most attended football game every academic year at both colleges. As of 2015, both college's presidents are named Clayton (Spencer and Rose), leading students to include them in chants against each other. Bowdoin developed a "football fight song" entitled, "Forward the White" in 1913. All football games between the two occurred on Bowdoin's Whittier Field, but with the development of Bates' Garcelon Field, both fields have been used to hold football games.

Colby remained isolated from neighboring Bates, and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium because of its location in Waterville, and socio-economic and political differences. However, in the 1940s, Colby began competing with the two colleges and in the first game, had a three-way tie. In 1988, Bates president Reynolds began the Chase Regatta, which features the President's Cup, which is contested by Bates, Colby, and Bowdoin annually.

The CBB Games is a college football competition between the three colleges. Each team plays the others once, with the C-B-B Trophy awarded to the college that beats the other two. The CBB Games was created for the 1965 college football season. Previously, Bates and Bowdoin have competed since 1870s against the University of Maine in the Maine State Series or Maine State Championship. When the University of Maine moved to a higher division in 1965, Colby joined and the rivalry took its current name.

The Chase Regatta is an annual rowing race between the men's and women's heavyweight varsity and club rowing crews of the colleges. The colleges have competed in the regatta since August 3, 1988 but have competed annually since August 3, 1997, when Bates President Thomas Hedley Reynolds instated the President's Cup to be contested by all three of the CBB schools. The President's Cup is given to the team that has won the most overall heats and races, while the overall winner is determined by who won the most varsity and heavyweight competitions in the regatta.

C-B-B Games results
Note: Source of wins and losses: games between 1966 and 1978, games between 1979 and 1998, and for all other games not specified in aforementioned years:   The highest scoring game was the 1987 Colby-Bates with a total of 74 points. The lowest scoring game was the 1967 Bowdoin-Colby game with a total of 7 points. The biggest shutout was Bates' 51–0 game against Colby in 1985. The longest consecutive streak of games won is Colby with 5 championships in a row (1988–1992). There have been 7 three-way-ties, 1 two-way tie, and 4 uses of overtime, (the 2006 Colby-Bates game required overtime to be issued four times for a winner to be determined).

Series statistics

Chase Regatta results

In fiction and literature
In 1999, all three colleges were prominently featured in The Sopranos. In the episode entitled, "College", Tony Soprano takes his daughter, Meadow on a trip to Maine to tour the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium. They first visit Bates in Lewiston; while walking past the college's chapel she states, "[Bates has] a 48-to-52 male-female ratio, which is great, strong liberal arts program and this cool Olin Arts Center for music." They then drive up to Colby and Bowdoin using Drew University in New Jersey as the two college's exteriors. On the drive from Bates to Colby, Tony Soprano reveals to his daughter that he is in the mafia, a major turning point in the series.

See also
 List of college athletic programs in Maine

References

External links
For further information on history of the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium:
2009 Article from Bleacher Report
Colby College CBB
For further reading:
CBB Faculty Resource Sharing
Bowdoin College Football History
CBB Study Abroad
CBB Library Resources
Bowdoin Football Featured in Sporting News "50 States, 50 Rivalries"
For further information on the NESCAC, and individual collegiate scores:
NESCAC Football Historic Scores
History of Bowdoin Football
Bates Football Past Seasons

New England Small College Athletic Conference
College sports rivalries in the United States
Bates Bobcats
Colby Mules
Bowdoin Polar Bears
Bowdoin College

Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium


El mango jamaicano (Anthracothorax mango) es una especie de colibrí en la familia Trochilidae.

Distribución
Es una especie endémica de Jamaica.

Hábitat
Su hábitat natural son los bosques húmedos subtropicales o tropicales de tierras bajas y bosques antiguos muy degradados.

Referencias

Taxones descritos por Carlos Linneo
Aves de Jamaica
Aves descritas en 1758

Anthracothorax mango


جونز هوبكينز  (19 مايو 1795 ـ 24 ديسمبر 1873) رجل أعمال ومحسن وإلغائي أمريكي. ولد في 11 نوفمبر 1795 في مدينة آني أريندل كونتري بولاية ماريلاند بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية وتوفي في 24 ديسمبر 1873 ببالتيمور. يعرف لتأسيسه العديد من المؤسسات التي تحمل اسمه حتى الآن، ومنها مستشفى جونز هوبكينز وجامعة جونز هوبكينز وما اتصل بها من مؤسسات كمدرسة طب جامعة جونز هوبكينز ومدرسة جونز هوبكينز بلومبيرغ للصحة العامة ومدرسة جونز هوبكينز للتمريض.

مراجع

انظر أيضًا
 صورة جونز هوبكينز على طابع بريدي أمريكي.

أصحاب أعمال أمريكيون
أصحاب أعمال أمريكيون في القرن 19
أصحاب أعمال من بالتيمور
أمريكيون من جمعية الأصدقاء الدينية
أمريكيون مناهضون للعبودية
جامعة جونز هوبكينز
فاعلو خير أمريكيون
فاعلو خير في القرن 19
مدفونون في مقبرة غرين ماونت
مسيحيون مناهضون للعبودية
مواليد 1711
مواليد 1795
مواليد في ماريلند
وفيات 1873
وفيات في بالتيمور (ماريلاند)
فاعلو خير أمريكيون في القرن 19

جونز هوبكينز


RFA Oakol (A300) was a coastal tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. She was launched on 28 August 1946. She served until being decommissioned in February 1965, and then served briefly as a food storage ship. She was scrapped at Ghent from 14 November 1969 onwards.

References

Tankers of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary
1946 ships

RFA Oakol (A300)


O plasă (plural, plase, spre a se deosebi de plasă, plural plăși, unitate interbelică administrativă de ordin doi a României interbelice) este o unealtă de pescuit alcătuită dintr-o rețea de fibre textile sau din material plastic. Poligoanele sau curbele rețelei regulate ale oricărei plase, numite ochiuri, sunt separate prin noduri de diferite tipuri și dimensiuni.

Rețele plaselor sunt realizate din fibre împletite și înodate. Proporțional cu dimensiunile capturii căreia îi sunt adresate, atât grosimea fibrelor cât și dimensiunile ochiurilor plaselor se schimbă.

Plasele anterioare revoluției industriale erau realizate din diverse materiale naturale fibroase, așa cum sunt ierburi, fibre lemnoase, fibrele plantelor de tip ierbos precum palmierii și așa mai departe. Ulterior, fibrele de bumbac au fost folosite la realizarea plaselor. De asemenea, fibrele poliamidelor naturale, precum cele ale lânii sau ale mătăsii au fost folosite până recent, fiind încă larg utilizate. Plasele cele mai recente sunt realizate din poliamide sintetice.

Istoric

Plasele de pescuit au fost utilizate din cele mai vechi timpuri, incluzând de către oamenii societăților epocii de piatră. Cea mai veche documentare a unei plase de pescuit este cunoscut ca plasa din Antrea, găsită alături de alte obiecte și unelte de pescuit în localitatea Antrea din Karelia. Plasa a fost realizată din fibre de salcie, fiind realizată și folosită acum aproximativ 10.300 de ani în trecut.

Recent, pietre folosite la scufundarea plaselor de pescuit oceanic (fusaiole) au fost descoperite în Coreea, datând cu circa 29.000 de ani în urmă, făcând din acestea cele mai vechi accesorii de pescuit descoperite până în prezent. Rămășițele unei alte plase de pescuit datează din mezolitic, fiind descoperite împreună cu pietrele de scufundare și menținere ale acelei plase pe fundul unei foste mări.

Printre cele mai vechi urme sculptate în piatră de la Alta (4.200–500 î.Hr.) conțin imagini misterioase, incluzând modele de linii orizontale și verticale, ce seamănă izbitor cu rețeaua unei plase de pescuit.

Populațiile native americane locuind de-a lungul fluviuului Columbia, din vestul Statelor Unite ale Americii, împleteau plase de pescuit din fibrele rădăcinilor molizilor sau din fibrele ierburilor sălbatice fixându-le la fundul apei curgătoare a fluviului (sau ale apelor stătătoare adiacente) cu pietre ca greutăți. Ca semne, indicând unde scufundaseră plasele, foloseau bucăți de cedru cioplite astfel încât speriau peștii, obligându-i a sta împreună, mărind astfel eficiența pescuitului cu plasa.

Populația Maori, primii oameni care au colonizat insulele Noii Zeelande, aveau bărcii de largi dimensiuni, numite generic canoe, cu ajutorul cărora deveniseră foarte buni navigatori, dar erau și pescari foarte eficienți. Plasele lor de pescuit. care puteau atinge sute de metri, erau realizate prin împletire și aveau atât flotoare cât și fusaiole din piatră. Unele din plasele lor foarte lungi necesitau sute de oameni pentru a putea fi manevrate.

Galerie de imagini

Note, referințe

Legături externe
 Plase.net
 Plase de pescuit
 Dex on line - definiții (diverse plase de pescuit)
 Plase — Imagini

Rețele (dispozitive)
Rețele

Plasă (unealtă de pescuit)


Leo rigsgreve Ulfeldt (i Østrig også skrevet Uhlefeld) (født 22. marts 1651 i København, død 11. april 1716 i Wien) var en kejserlig tysk feltmarskal og vicekonge af Catalonien. Han var bror til Christian Ulfeldt og far til Corfitz Anton Ulfeldt og Frantz Anton Ulfeldt.

Uddannelse
Han var søn af dansk rigshofmester, tysk rigsgreve (siden 1641) Corfitz Ulfeldt og Leonora Christina Ulfeldt og tilbragte sin første barndom på Boller hos sin mormoder, Kirstine Munk, der 1653 sendte ham til sine forældres i Stockholm. Som sin faders søn måtte han som voksen se vejen spærret for sig i sit fædreland, og han måtte søge lykken andre steder i Europa. 1665 blev han immatrikuleret ved universitetet i Basel, gik 1669 over til katolicismen, fik 1673 af dronning Kristina af Sverige bestalling som kammerjunker og opnåede 1674 et kanonikat i Olmütz.

I kejserlig tjeneste
Under et antaget navn gik Ulfeldt i den tyske kejsers tjeneste, i hvilken han steg gennem de forskellige grader, indtil han 1682 fik et kompagni til fods under Raimondo Montecuccoli. Han blev 1692 oberstløjtnant, og snart efter blev han chef for et rytterregiment, og formodentlig i denne egenskab er det, at han skal have med 80 kyrasserer forsvaret et pas mod 2.000 tartarer. Så meget er vist, at han ved sin tapperhed vandt anerkendelse, så han avancerede til generalmajor og regimentschef i 1700. Han deltog 1702 i slaget ved Luzzara og 1703 i slaget ved Bormio. Kejseren gav ham desuden kammerherrenøglen 1704 og dekorerede ham med sit portræt.

Da kejseren landede i Catalonien 1704 for at gøre sine fordringer på den spanske trone gældende, var Ulfeldt med ham, og hans dygtighed blev også her påskønnet. Han blev 1704 feltmarskalløjtnant, 1706 generalfeltmarskal og guvernør i Barcelona, som han i den nye kejsers nærværelse forsvarede med bravour, og blev vicekonge over hele Catalonien. 1708 måtte Barcelona overgive sig, og Ulfeldt vendte tilbage til Østrig, nu som gehejmeråd. I 1714 nævnes han som "Hauptmann der Hartschiere" (drabantgarden), nu i Karl VI's tjeneste, og Ulfeldt nåede dermed at tjene hele tre tysk-romerske kejsere.

Besøg hos Leonora Christina
Mens Leonora Christina boede på Maribo Kloster, besøgte Ulfeldt hende med den danske regerings tilladelse to gange (1691 og 1693); den første gang inkognito. Efter hendes død afhentede han 1699 sin ældste søster i Maribo.

Ulfeldt blev gift 1697 med Anna Maria Sinzendorf, en datter af rigsgreve Rudolph Sinzendorf. Som enke blev hun overhofmesterinde hos den regerende ærkehertuginde i Bryssel, hvor hun døde 31. juli 1736. Parret fik to sønner.

Kilder

Personer i Dansk Biografisk Leksikon
Leo
Kejserlige generaler fra Det tysk-romerske Rige
Personer fra København
Østrigere i 1600-tallet
Østrigere i 1700-tallet
Kammerherrer fra Østrig
Gehejmeråder fra Østrig
Grever fra Tyskland
Personer der er konverteret

Leo Ulfeldt


Allenville ist ein Ort im Moultrie County, Illinois. Im Jahr 2020 lebten in Allenville 132 Personen.

Demographie
Beim United States Census 2000 lebten 154 Personen in Allenville. Es gab 61 Haushalte und 42 Familien. Alle Einwohner des Ortes waren Weiße.

Es gab 61 Haushalte, von denen 18,0 % Kinder hatten, 60,7 % zusammenlebende, verheiratete Paare waren, 4,9 % hatten einen weiblichen Haushaltsvorstand ohne Ehemann und 31,1 % waren keine Familien. 26,2 % aller Haushalte bestanden aus Einzelpersonen und in 13,1 % lebten Menschen, die 65 Jahre oder älter waren. Die durchschnittliche Haushaltsgröße betrug 2,52 und die durchschnittliche Familiengröße lag bei 3,10.

Das mittlere Einkommen für einen Haushalt im Dorf war 46.146 $, das Durchschnittseinkommen einer Familie betrug 48.750 $. Männer hatten ein Durchschnittseinkommen von 31.250 $ gegenüber 20.000 $ für Frauen. Der Pro-Kopf-Einkommen für das Dorf betrug 16.586 $. Über 4,0 % der Familien und 7,7 % der Bevölkerung lebten unterhalb der Armutsgrenze, davon keiner von den Einwohnern unter dem Alter von achtzehn oder über 65.

Allenville (Illinois)


L'éolienne Bollée de la Gabillère est une ancienne éolienne dans la commune d'Amboise, dans le département français d'Indre-et-Loire.

Installée en 1893 dans le parc du château de la Gabillère pour l'alimentation en eau, elle est inscrite comme monument historique en 1991.

Localisation
L'éolienne se situe dans le parc du château de la Gabillère, sur le plateau au sud d'Amboise, à environ  au nord de la forêt d'Amboise.

Histoire
En 1893, M. Chambert, propriétaire du château de la Gabillère à Amboise, décide de faire installer sur son domaine une éolienne Bollée destinée à alimenter le château en eau et à irriguer le parc.

L'éolienne est inscrite comme monument historique par arrêté du .

Description

L'éolienne de la Gabillère se compose d'une colonne creuse autour de laquelle s'enroule un escalier permettant d'accéder à la plateforme. La turbine orientable est double, entourée d'un « entonnoir » destiné à augmenter la masse d'air captée par les pales par effet Venturi ; son diamètre est de  (éolienne de ). À la base de la colonne, un édicule maçonné abrite la pompe et la tête du puits.

L'éolienne de la Gabillère est complète, à l'exception d'une hélice équipant le dispositif d'orientation de la turbine.

Notes et références

Pour en savoir plus

Bibliographie
 .
 .
 .

Articles connexes
 Liste des monuments historiques d'Amboise
 Liste des éoliennes Bollée

Liens externes

 Site des amis de l'éolienne Bollée

Monument historique classé en 1991
Patrimoine du XIXe siècle
Éolienne Bollée
Monument historique à Amboise
Énergie éolienne en Centre-Val de Loire
Énergie en Indre-et-Loire

Éolienne Bollée de la Gabillère


Hillel Yaffe (en hébreu : הלל יפה), né en 1864 et mort en 1936, est un médecin juif d'origine russe et un dirigeant sioniste ayant immigré en Palestine mandataire pendant la première Aliyah. Il joue un rôle déterminant dans la guérison du paludisme parmi la population juive de Palestine mandataire au début du XXe siècle et contribue à améliorer l'infrastructure médicale du Yishouv au cours de la même période. Le centre médical Hillel Yaffé à Hadera porte son nom.

Biographie
Hillel Yaffe est né en 1864 dans un village d'Ukraine. Son père est un commerçant et un homme aisé, qui fournit à son fils une éducation juive traditionnelle. Après ses études secondaires, il se rend à Genève, pour ses études de médecine. Il se spécialise en ophtalmologie à Paris. Il rêve de devenir médecin en Terre d'Israël. En 1891, il se rend en Turquie , siège de l'Empire ottoman, où il reçoit sa licence pour pratiquer la médecine. De là, il part pour Jaffa.

Yaffe épouse Rivka Glickstein en 1898, la sœur d'Esther Glickstein, qui épouse plus tard Haim Margaliot-Kalvarisky. Avant leur rencontre, Rivka avait étudié avec la sœur de Yaffé en France. Le couple a trois enfants : Yirmeyahu, Sarah et Ya'akov. Yirmeyahu, capitaine dans la Brigade juive qui, après la Première Guerre mondiale, obtient un doctorat en chimie. Sarah étudie l'agriculture en Angleterre et épouse Joseph Bentwich, prix d'Israël pour l'éducation en 1962. Ya'akov devient médecin, spécialiste des maladies tropicales, à Jérusalem à partir de 2007. Son neveu, Yigael Gluckstein (Tony Cliff), est un théoricien marxiste et militant trotskyste.

Carrière médicale
Yaffe s'installe à Tibériade, comme médecin pendant deux ans (1891–1893) puis va à Zikhron Ya'akov.

Il traite les habitants de Hadera, victimes de la malaria.

Il réalise qu'un vaste programme est nécessaire pour éliminer le fléau du paludisme de la colonie juive, le traitement individuel étant inefficace.

Engagement sioniste
En 1895, Yaffe devient le représentant des Amants de Sion en Israël. Un nouveau chapitre dans sa vie s'ouvre.

Pour éradiquer le paludisme il combine le traitement pratique des patients avec la recherche, l'activisme communautaire et la politique.

Il déménage à Jaffa, ville centrale, et réussit à collecter des fonds pour drainer le marais infesté près de Hadera.

Il collecte en Europe des fonds à diverses fins, telles que sauver la première école hébraïque, au bord de l'effondrement financier.

Yaffe devient une autorité sur la prévention et le traitement du paludisme. Il publie de nombreux articles et donne des conférences à Paris lors d'une conférence internationale sur le paludisme en 1900.

En 1902, une épidémie de choléra se propage. Chargé par le gouvernement turc de lutter contre l'épidémie, il impose une interdiction aux gens de quitter leurs communautés ainsi que d'entrer ou de sortir de la maison d'une personne malade, afin d'empêcher la maladie de se propager. L'épidémie est stoppée.

En 1903, Yaffe participe à une délégation du mouvement sioniste pour enquêter sur la région d'El-Arish, un emplacement potentiel pour un État juif suggéré par Theodor Herzl au Congrès sioniste.

La même année, des représentants de Zikhron Ya'akov créent l'Union générale et l'Union des enseignants du Yishouv. Yaffe, à leur tête, travaille pour établir les ressources des communautés afin qu'elles soient indépendantes financièrement.

Il milite pour convaincre les éducateurs d'utiliser la langue hébraïque.

En 1905, Yaffe abandonne Hovevei Zion et commence à travailler à l'hôpital de Jaffa.

Il souffre d'une pneumonie et voyage en Europe pour se soigner.

En 1907, il dirige l'hôpital de Zikhron Ya'akov. Il forme des équipes de médecins qui pourraient aider les colons, et ces équipes se répandent dans le pays et améliorent le niveau de prévention et de traitement de la population.

En 1919, il quitte Zikhron Ya'akov pour Haïfa, où il pratique la médecine et publie des articles sur la médecine. Il est invité à des conférences médicales internationales.

Yaffe continue à travailler jusqu'à sa mort en 1936. Il est enterré, selon ses souhaits, à Zikhron Ya'akov.

Lutte contre le paludisme
Les efforts de Yaffe pour éradiquer le paludisme se concentrent sur l'assèchement des marais. Une méthode consiste à utiliser des eucalyptus, qui absorbent beaucoup d'eau du sol. Les habitants de Hadera et les travailleurs étrangers d'Afrique (arrivés après que Yaffe ait demandé l'aide du baron Rothschild) assèchent des marais à l'aide d'un vaste réseau de canaux, reliant les marais au ruisseau Hadera.

Yaffe part pour l'Europe et apprend que les moustiques du genre Anopheles, qui prévalent dans les marécages, sont porteurs de la maladie du paludisme. Il implore alors les agriculteurs d'accrocher des auvents autour des lits, des filets autour des fenêtres et de nettoyer chaque mare d'eau stagnante.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en octobre 1864
Naissance en Ukraine
Personnalité du sionisme
Médecin du XIXe siècle
Médecin du XXe siècle
Paludisme
Décès en janvier 1936
Décès à Haïfa
Décès à 71 ans

Hillel Yaffe


An Digitaria jansenii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jan Frederik Veldkamp. An Digitaria jansenii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Digitaria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Digitaria (Poaceae)

Digitaria jansenii


Les Tutchonis du Nord ou Tutchones du Nord constituent un peuple autochtone d'Amérique du Nord originaire du centre du Yukon, au Canada. Ils font partie du groupe ethnolinguistique athapascan.

La langue historique des Tutchonis du Nord est le tutchone du Nord, une variété du tutchone toujours vivante. Toutefois, un nombre important de Tutchonis du Nord parle l'anglais, lingua franca au Yukon.

Traditionnellement, le peuple nord-tutchoni vivait de chasse, de pêche et de cueillette, comme plusieurs autres peuples autochtones de la région, laquelle n'était pas propice à l'agriculture. Leur mode de vie était d'ailleurs semi-nomade, influencé notamment par le climat subarctique et les fluctuations de la faune. Leur territoire ancestral de cueillette comprenait les rivières McQuesten et Stewart au nord, la rivière White à l'est, le bassin hydrographique de la rivière  au sud et les monts Selwyn à l'est. Des groupes nord-tutchonis vivaient également à Fort Selkirk et à Big Salmon à l'époque où des bateaux circulaient sur le fleuve Yukon.

L'organisation sociale des Tutchones du Nord repose sur un système clanique matrilinéaire, composé de deux clans, les Loups et les Corbeaux. L'importance du groupe y est d'ailleurs importante.

À Carmacks, un musée abrite encore aujourd'hui plusieurs objets et artéfacts témoignant de la vie des Tutchonis du Nord, tels un bateau en peau d'orignal, un canot, des outils en pierre et en os, des vêtements, des accessoires ainsi que des œuvres d'art tutchonies, dont un diorama représentant un piège à mammouth.

Premières Nations
Bien que les Tutchonis du Nord forment un peuple (ou ethnie) à part entière, ceux-ci sont divisés en plusieurs groupes, clans ou communautés rattachés à un lieu, appelés Premières Nations. Les Premières Nations nord-tutchonies sont toutes situées au Yukon et bénéficient d'un conseil de bande, conformément à la Loi sur les Indiens :

 Première Nation de Na-Cho Nyäk Dun (Mayo) (« Peuple de la grande rivière », en référence à la rivière Stewart, qu'ils nomment Na-Cho Nyäk, « la grande rivière »)
 Première Nation de Little Salmon/Carmacks (Carmacks) (Tagé Cho Hudän, « Peuple de la grande rivière »)
 Première Nation Selkirk (Pelly Crossing) (Hućha Hudän, « Peuple des terres planes », dû au relief du secteur)
 Première Nation de White River (Beaver Creek) (partagée avec les Tananas et les Tutchonis du Sud)

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Tutchone
 Tutchonis du Sud
 Autochtones d'Amérique
 Autochtones du Canada

Liens externes

 Tutchonis - L'Encyclopédie canadienne
 Tagé Cho Hudän Interpretive Centre - Heritage Yukon

Première nation au Yukon

Tutchonis du Nord


Juan Ducas (en griego: Ιωάννης Δούκας, Iōannēs Doukas), (aprox. 1126 - aprox. 1200) fue el hijo mayor de Constantino Ángelo con Teodora Comnena, la séptima hija del emperador bizantino Alejo I Comneno e Irene Ducas, de cuyo apellido Juan Ducas tomó como propio.

Carrera

Ducas es mencionado por primera vez en un documento imperial en 1166. En 1176 participó en la Batalla de Miriocéfalo como comandante militar. En 1185 apoyó a su sobrino Isaac II Ángelo en el derrocamiento de Andrónico I Comneno y usurpar el trono imperial. Isaac II lo recompensó con el título de sebastocrátor. Durante un tiempo Juan Ducas fue el segundo hombre más importante en el imperio, y en 1186 dirigió una de las expediciones contra Pedro y Asen, que se habían rebelado, tratando de restablecer la independencia de Bulgaria. A pesar de su avanzada edad, Juan se defendió con cierto éxito. El emperador lo privó de su mandato, y en 1195 el anciano Juan apoyó la usurpación de su otro sobrino, el hermano de Isaac Alejo III Ángelo.

Familia
Su primer matrimonio (el nombre de su esposa es desconocida) produjo dos hijos:

 Isaac Ángelo, quien se casó con la hija de Alejo Branas
 Alejo Ducas Comneno Ángelo

Su segundo matrimonio fue con un pariente lejano, Zoe Ducas, hija de Constantino Macroducas y una nieta materna de Isaac Comneno, hijo del emperador Juan II Comneno. Tuvieron tres hijos:

 Teodoro Comneno Ducas, que sucedió a su medio hermano Miguel como gobernante de Epiro
 Manuel Comneno Ducas, que sucedió a Teodoro como gobernante de Tesalónica
 Constantino Comneno Ducas, que sucedió a Teodoro como gobernante de Acarnania

Tuvo tres hijas, ninguno de sus nombres se conoce con certeza.

 Una hija, que se casó con Mateo Orsini , conde de Cefalonia.
 Otra hija que se casó con Miguel Cantacuceno, quien, con Teodoro Branas, Juan Petralifas y otros, conspiraron para derrocar a Isaac II y llevar a Alejo III Ángelo al poder en 1195.

También tuvo un hijo ilegítimo de una amante desconocida:

 Miguel I Comneno Ducas, nacido en aprox. 1170, fundador y primer gobernante del Despotado de Epiro.

Bibliografía
 Choniates, Niketas. Historia. English translation: Magoulias, H. (O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniates). Detroit, 1984. ISBN 0-814-31764-2
 D.I. Polemis, The Doukai, London, 1968.
 K. Varzos, Ē genealogia tōn Komnēnōn (Thessalonica, 1984) vol. 1 pp. 641–9; vol. 2 pp. 540–689.

Referencias

Bizantinos del siglo XII
Fallecidos en los años 1200
Dinastía de los Angelos
Sebastocrátores
Bizantinos de las guerras búlgaro-bizantinas
Militares del Imperio bizantino
Militares del siglo XII

Juan Ducas


est une série télévisée américaine en treize épisodes de  créée par Zahir McGhee et diffusée entre le  et le  sur le réseau ABC et en simultané sur le réseau CTV au Canada.

En France, elle est diffusée depuis le  sur Disney+, et au Québec depuis le  sur Elle Fictions. Elle reste inédite dans les autres pays francophones.

Synopsis

Distribution

Acteurs principaux

 Eve J. Cooper  : Brianna « Professeur Sex » Robinson
 Brandy Norwood  : Naomi «  »
 Naturi Naughton  : Jill « Da Thrill » Vilgo
 Nadine Velazquez  : Valeria «  » Mendez
 Taylor Sele  : Eric Jones
   : Lauren « Lil Muffin » Rice

Acteurs récurrents
 Cam'ron : lui-même
 Precious Way  : Jojo
   : Tina Dubois
 RonReaco Lee  : Jeff Robinson
 Alasdair Flagella  : Bébé
 Jennifer Haralson  : Journaliste
 Rachael Markarian  : Chantal
 Tu Morrow  : Becky 'Cash Mermaid' Stanislovsky
 Da'Jon A. Porter  : Tarik
 Rana Roy  : Alicia
 Emerson Brooks : Darren Vilgo
 Elaine del Valle : Valentina
 Remy Ma : Zadie « Lady Z »
 Jose Moreno Brooks : Thomas
 Gaius Charles : Rodrigo

Invités spéciaux
  : DJ Kool Red
 Charles M. Blow  : lui-même
 Hunter Burke  : Charlie
 Kim Director  : Trish Pierce
 Tobias Truvillion  : Frank Black

Production

Développement
En , ABC a commandé un pilote pour un drame musical intitulé  de l'écrivain et producteur exécutif de Zahir McGhee Scandal.

En , il a été annoncé que Tim Story dirigerait l'épisode pilote.

Le , la série a reçu une commande de série, avec une date de première officielle le .

Le , la série est annulée. Elle était au fond du classement des audiences parmi les quatre réseaux principaux.

Casting
En , Eve J. Cooper a été choisie pour jouer le rôle de Brianna.

Plus tard ce mois-là, Naturi Naughton a décroché le rôle de Jill.

En , il a été annoncé que Pepi Sonuga incarnerait Lauren Rice.

Le , Brandy Norwood a été choisie pour le rôle de Naomi.

Le lendemain, Nadine Velazquez a été choisie pour Valeria, et le lendemain, Taylor Sele a été choisi pour Eric Jones.

Fiche technique

 Titre original et français :
 Création : Zahir McGhee
 Réalisation : Menhaj Huda, Stacey Muhammad, Tim Story, Crystle Roberson, Daniel Willis, Stacey Muhammad
 Scénario : Zahir McGhee, Heather Mitchell, Njeri Brown, Jordan Reddout, Gus Hickey, Tess Leibowitz, Mamoudou N'Diaye
 Casting : Kim Coleman, CSA
 Musique :
 Compositeur(s) : Adrian Younge
 Compositeur(s) de musique thématique :
 Thème d'ouverture :

 Production :
 Producteur(s) : How My Hair Look, Windpower Entertainment, ABC Signature
 Producteur(s) exécutive(s) : Zahir McGhee, Sabrina Wind, Tim Story

 Société(s) de production : Disney Platform Distribution, ABC
 Pays d'origine :
 Langue d'origine : Anglais
 Format :
 Format image : 720p (HDTV), couleur - 1,78:1 - son Dolby Digital
 Format audio : 5.1 surround sound

 Genre : Dramatique

 Durée : 42 - 45 minutes

 Date de première diffusion :
  sur ABC.
  sur Disney+

 Classification : déconseillé aux moins de 16 ans

 Adaptation

Version française :
 Société de doublage : Dubbing Brothers
 Direction artistique : Marie-Laure Beneston
 Adaptation des dialogues : Nadine Giraud

Épisodes

 1999
 On vient du Queens ()
 Qui tu traites de garce ? ()
 Tout n'est pas rose ()
 Tout faire pour se faire remarquer ()
 Dans l'ombre du trône ()
 Qui t'as flingué ()
 Le Plan de Dieu ()
 La Tchatche ()
 Les Mauvaises filles ()
  ()
 Le passé c'est le passé ()
 2022

Accueil

Critiques
Le site Web d'agrégateur d'avis Rotten Tomatoes a rapporté une cote d'approbation de 100 % avec une note moyenne de 8/10 basée sur 13 critiques.

Metacritic qui utilise une moyenne pondérée a attribué un score de 75 sur 100 sur la base de 7 critiques, indiquant « des critiques généralement favorables ».

Caroline Framke pour Variety a fait l'éloge de l'offre musicale du quatuor qualifiant leurs raps de « pointus et distincts […] montrant clairement leur talent à la fois en tant qu'individus et en tant que collectif fanfaron ».

Angie Han pour The Hollywood Reporter a qualifié l'émission de « Magie impressionnante […] somptueuse […] ».

Liz Shannon Miller pour Collider a déclaré avec enthousiasme que la série .

Joel Keller pour Decider a estimé : .

Références

Liens externes

Série télévisée créée en 2021
Série télévisée disparue en 2022
Série télévisée américaine des années 2020
Série télévisée d'American Broadcasting Company
Série télévisée musicale

Queens (série télévisée, 2021)


El síndrome del cabeceo, síndrome de "asentir con la cabeza" o enfermedad del cabeceo es una enfermedad   Infantil reciente y poco conocida que emergió en Sudán en la década de 1960. Es fatal, provoca una discapacidad física y mental que solo afecta a niños, normalmente de entre 5 y 15 años. En la actualidad está restringida a pequeñas regiones del sur de Sudán, Tanzania y Uganda. Antes de darse a conocer a partir de los brotes en el sur de Sudán, la enfermedad fue descrita por primera vez en 1962 de casos encontrados en regiones montañosas aisladas de Tanzania, aunque la conexión entre esta enfermedad y el síndrome del cabeceo ha sido posterior. Actualmente se desconoce las causas de la enfermedad, pero se cree que puede estar conectada a infecciones por gusanos nematodos parásitos de la especie Onchocerca volvulus.

Síntomas
Los síntomas son muy peculiares. Cuando un niño es afectado sufre un retraso completo y permanente en el crecimiento, incluido el cerebro, llevando a un retraso mental. Causa un cabeceo patológico, con ataques que con frecuencia comienzan cuando la víctima comienza a ingerir alimentos o, a veces, cuando siente frío. Estas convulsiones son breves y se detienen cuando el niño deja de comer o vuelve a estar caliente. Estas convulsiones pueden manifestarse con un amplio grado de severidad. Ataques severos pueden provocar que el niño pierda el conocimiento, dando lugar a una lesión mayor. Las convulsiones han sido identificadas mediante exploraciones por electroencefalogramas e IRM, mostrando atrofia cerebral con daños en el hipocampo y células gliales.

El cabeceo no se produce cuando al paciente se le ofrecen alimentos desconocidos, como una chocolatina.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento
El diagnóstico no está muy avanzado y se basa en las reveladoras convulsiones de asentimiento con la cabeza de las víctimas. El retraso en el crecimiento y el retraso mental, junto con los ataques, dan pistas de que la enfermedad está presente. Se pueden utilizar exploraciones neurológicas en un intento de diagnosticar los síntomas de la enfermedad en el futuro. Como no existe una cura conocida para la enfermedad, el tratamiento de los síntomas incluye el uso de anticonvulsivos como el valproato de sodio y el fenobarbital. También han sido administrados medicamentos contra la malaria, con efectos desconocidos.

Pronóstico
El síndrome de "asentir con la cabeza" se cree que es una enfermedad muy debilitante física y mentalmente. En 2004, el neurotoxicólogo Peter Spencer declaró: "se trata, según todos los informes, de un trastorno progresivo y fatal, tal vez con una duración de unos tres años o más" Mientras se dice que algunos niños se han recuperado de ella, muchos han muerto por la enfermedad. Las crisis, como se mencionó anteriormente, también podrían hacer que los niños se desmayasen pudiendo lesionarse o morir, como por ejemplo al caer en un fuego abierto.

Posibles causas
Actualmente se desconoce las causas de la enfermedad, pero se cree que puede estar conectada a infecciones por gusanos parásitos de la especie Onchocerca volvulus, el cual prevalece en todas las áreas afectadas. O. volvulus, un nemátodo, usa como portador la mosca negra y causa la "ceguera del río". En 2004, la mayoría de los niños que sufren del síndrome vivían cerca del río Yei, una zona donde la ceguera del río es muy común, y 93% de los que sufren el síndrome son portadores del parásito; un porcentaje mucho mayor que el encontrado en los niños sin el síndrome. Un vínculo entre la ceguera del río y los casos normales de epilepsia, así como del retraso en el desarrollo, fue propuesto alguna vez, pero la evidencia no permitió obtener ninguna conclusión al respecto. Sobre la conexión entre el gusano y el síndrome, Scott Dowell, el líder investigador del síndrome para el Centro de Control y Prevención de Enfermeddes (CDC) declaró:

"Sabemos que [Onchocerca volvulus] está involucrado en alguna forma, pero no conocemos el mecanismo exacto porque [el gusano] también es bastante común en áreas no afectadas por el síndrome del cabeceo". Andrea Winkler, el primer autor del estudio tanzano del 2008, dijo acerca de la conexión: "No tenemos ninguna prueba de que Onchocerca volvulus está realmente entrando al cerebro, pero no podemos excluir la posibilidad de que actúe algún mecanismo autoinmune".

Referencias

Síndromes
Enfermedades raras
Nematodiasis
Zoonosis
Enfermedades neurológicas
Desastres de salud de África
Enfermedades tropicales

Síndrome del cabeceo


El AGM-130 es un misil aire-superficie estadounidense diseñado para realizar ataques de largo alcance contra blancos enemigos de gran valor. Básicamente es un versión propulsada por cohete de la bomba guiada GBU-15, el motor cohete incrementa la distancia de lanzamiento y por tanto ofrece al avión que sirve como plataforma de lanzamiento protección contra cualquier defensa que pueda estar protegiendo el blanco. El cazabombardero F-15E puede portar dos de estas armas.

El arma utiliza un sistema de guiado de navegación inercial complementado por un sistema de posicionamiento global (GPS). Puede ser controlada en vuelo; la cabeza de guiado del arma proporciona una imagen visual del blanco al avión que la lanza a través de enlace de datos AXQ-14, permitiendo que el oficial de armas la dirija hacia el blanco, o bien dejar que el arma se dirija al objetivo por si sola. El arma puede cambiar de blanco una vez lanzada simplemente indicándole otro blanco. El AGM-130 es un arma de gran precisión, y está destinada a ser usada contra blancos de alto valor que se encuentren tanto en movimiento como en una posición fija.

Véase también
 GBU-15

Referencias

Misiles aire-superficie

AGM-130


Tarih
 Karakoyunlular - 1380-1469 yılları arasında bugünkü Doğu Anadolu, Güney Kafkasya, İran Azerbaycanı ve Kuzey Irak arazilerinde egemenlik yapmış bir Türk devletidir.

Yerleşim yerleri
 Karakoyunlu, Iğdır - Iğdır ili ilçesi
 Karakoyunlu, Sarız - Kayseri ili Sarız ilçesine bağlı mahalle

Karakoyunlu (anlam ayrımı)


An Liparis acuminata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Joseph Dalton Hooker. An Liparis acuminata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Liparis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Liparis (Orchidaceae)

Liparis acuminata


Keila, Estonya'nın Harju iline bağlı belediyelerden biridir. Yüzölçümü 10,46 km2 olan yerleşim biriminin nüfusu 9386'dir. Kilometrekareye yaklaşık 8973 kişi düşer.

Galeri

Kaynakça

Estonya'daki şehirler
Estonya'nın belediyeleri
Harju ilindeki yerleşim birimleri

Keila


Australian Open 1969 var en tennisturnering, der blev spillet udendørs på græsbaner på Milton Courts i Brisbane, Australien i perioden 20. - 27. januar 1969. Det var den 57. udgave af de australske tennismesterskaber men den første udgave af mesterskaberne i tennissportens åbne æra, hvorfor det for første gang havde deltagelse af både amatører og professionelle spillere. Turneringen blev derfor for første gang spillet under navnet Australian Open, og det var den første grand slam-turnering i 1969.

Rod Laver havde som professionel været udelukket fra at deltage i de foregående seks australske mesterskaber, men i hans første grand slam-turnering på hjemmebane i tennissportens åbne æra formåede han at gentage sine triumfer fra 1960 og 1962 og dermed vinde herresinglemesterskabet for tredje gang ved at besejre Andrés Gimeno i finalen med 6-3, 6-4, 7-5. Det var Lavers ottende grand slam-titel i herresingle i karrieren og den første af de fire grand slam-titler i 1969, der sikrede ham karrierens anden herresingle-grand slam som den første nogensinde. Laver vandt også doubletitlen, idet han sammen med Roy Emerson besejrede landsmændende Ken Rosewall og Fred Stolle i finalen med 6-4, 6-4. Det var første gang at de to spillere vandt titlen som makkere, men Laver havde tidligere vundet titlen tre gange (1959, 1960, 1961) sammen med Robert Mark, mens Emerson også vandt titlen i 1962 og 1966 med hhv. Neale Fraser og Fred Stolle.

Damesingletitlen blev vundet af Margaret Court, der vandt med 6-4, 6-1 over førsteseedede Billie Jean King, mens damedoubletitlen gik til Rosemary Casals og Billie Jean King, der besejrede Kerry Melville og Karen Krantzcke med 6-3, 6-4.

Præmier

Den samlede præmiesum ved Australian Open 1969 androg A$ 30.000.

Resultater

Resultaterne fra kvartfinalerne og frem vises nedenfor. For komplette resultater henvises til de uddybende artikler.

Herresingle

Damesingle

Herredouble

Damedouble

Mixed double

Eksterne henvisninger
 Australian Open
 ITF - Men - Australian Open 1969
 ITF - Women - Australian Open 1969
 The Canberra Times - Ruffels earns semi-final berth (24. januar 1969)
 The Canberra Times - Gimeno to meet Laver or Roche in finals (25. januar 1969)
 The Canberra Times - Mrs Court wins Open title (27. januar 1969)
 The Canberra Times - Straight-set win to Laver (28. januar 1969)

Noter

Australian Open 1969


Alison Barros Moraes (født 30. juni 1982) er en tidligere brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Alison Barros Moraes


أتليتيكو تيغري، هو نادي كرة قدم أرجنتيني وهو نادي أساسي في الأرجنتين وقد تأسس هذا النادي سنة 1902 م في كوردوبا

تيغري
أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1902
أندية كرة قدم في الأرجنتين
أندية كرة قدم في مقاطعة بوينس آيرس
تأسيسات سنة 1902 في الأرجنتين

أتليتيكو تيغري


South of Market (SoMa) is a neighborhood in San Francisco, California, situated just south of Market Street. It contains several sub-neighborhoods including South Beach, Yerba Buena, and Rincon Hill.

SoMa is home to many of the city's museums, to the headquarters of several major software and Internet companies, and to the Moscone Conference Center.

Name and location
The area's boundaries are Market Street to the northwest, San Francisco Bay to the northeast, Mission Creek to the southeast, and Division Street, 13th Street and U.S. Route 101 (Central Freeway) to the southwest. It is the part of the city in which the street grid runs parallel and perpendicular to Market Street. The neighborhood includes many smaller sub-neighborhoods such as: South Park, Yerba Buena, South Beach, and Financial District South (part of the Financial District), and overlaps with several others, notably Mission Bay, and the Mission District.

As with many neighborhoods, the precise boundaries of the South of Market area are fuzzy and can vary widely depending on the authority cited. From 1848 until the construction of the Central Freeway in the 1950s, 9th Street (formerly known as Johnston Street) was the official (and generally recognized) boundary between SoMa and the Mission District. Since the 1950s, the boundary has been either 10th Street, 11th Street, or the Central Freeway. Similarly, the entire Mission Bay neighborhood may or may not be counted as part of SoMa, Excluding the entire Mission Bay neighborhood puts the southeastern boundary at Townsend. Redevelopment agencies, social service agencies, and community activists frequently exclude the more prosperous areas between the waterfront and 3rd Street. Some social service agencies and nonprofits count the economically distressed area around 6th, 7th, and 8th streets as part of the Mid-Market Corridor.

The terms "South of Market" and "SoMa" refer to both a comparatively large district of the city as well as a much smaller neighborhood.

While many San Franciscans refer to the neighborhood by its full name, South of Market, there is a trend to shorten the name to SOMA or SoMa, probably in reference to SoHo (South of Houston) in New York City, and, in turn, Soho in London.

Before being called South of Market this area was called "South of the Slot", a reference to the cable cars that ran up and down Market along the slots through which they gripped cables. While the cable cars have long since disappeared from Market Street, some "old timers" still refer to this area as "South of the Slot".

Since 1847 , the official name of the South of Market area has been the "100 Vara Survey" (alternately "100 Vara District") or simply "100 Vara" for short (with "100" sometimes spelled out).  The "100 Vara Survey" derived its name from the surface area of the single lots which comprised 100 by 100 varas (275 square feet).

According to city documents from 1945, the "100 Vara District" goes from the south side of Market Street to the Ferry.  The name is found mainly in history books, legal documents, title deeds, and civil engineering reports.

History
In 1847 Washington A. Bartlett, alcalde (magistrate) of the pueblo (village) of San Francisco, commissioned surveyor Jasper O'Farrell to extend the boundaries of the pueblo in a southerly direction by creating a new subdivision. At the time, the streets of San Francisco were aligned approximately with the compass points, running north to south, or east to west. Each block was divided into six lots 50 varas on a side. (A vara is about .) O'Farrell decided that the streets in the new subdivision should run parallel with or perpendicular to the only existing road in the area, Mission Road (later Mission Street), and thus be aligned with the half-points of the compass, i.e., northeast to southwest, and northwest to southeast. He also decided to make the new blocks twice as long and twice as wide, with each lot 100 varas on a side. Finally, O'Farrell created "a grand promenade" linking the old pueblo with the new subdivision, Market Street. Since then, downtown San Francisco north of Lower Market Street has been officially known as 50 Vara, while the South of Market area is officially known as 100 Vara.

During the mid-19th century, SOMA became a burgeoning pioneer community, consisting largely of low-density residential buildings, except for a business district that developed along 2nd and 3rd streets, and emerging industrial areas near the waterfront. Rincon Hill became an enclave for the wealthy, while nearby South Park became an enclave for the upper middle class. By the early 20th century, heavy industrial development due to its proximity to the docks of San Francisco Bay, coupled with the advent of cable cars, had driven the wealthy over to Nob Hill and points west. The neighborhood became a largely working-class and lower-middle-class community of recent European immigrants, sweatshops, power stations, flophouses, and factories.

The 1906 earthquake completely destroyed the area, and many of the quake's fatalities occurred there. Following the quake, the area was rebuilt with wider than usual streets, as the focus was on the development of light to heavy industry. The construction of the Bay Bridge and U.S. Route 101 during the 1930s saw large swaths of the area demolished, including most of the original Rincon Hill.

From the late 19th century to the mid-20th century, the South of Market area was served by several streetcar lines owned by the Market Street Railway Company, including the No. 14 Mission Street electric railway line, the No. 27 Bryant Street line, the 28 Harrison, 35 Howard, 36 Folsom, 41 Second and Market, and the No. 42 First and Fifth Street line.

Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, South of Market was home not only to warehousing and light industry, but also to a sizable population of transients, seamen, other working men living in hotels, and a working-class residential population in old Victorian buildings on smaller side streets and alleyways giving it a "skid row" reputation.

The waterfront redevelopment of the Embarcadero in the 1950s pushed a new population into this area in the 1960s, the incipient gay community, and the leather community in particular. From 1962 until 1982, the gay leather community grew and thrived throughout South of Market, most visibly along Folsom Street, since it was a warehouse area that was largely deserted at night. Site of various sex clubs and bars, such as the Caldron and the Slot, it was the sexual center of San Francisco during this period. This community had been active in resisting the city's ambitious redevelopment program for the area throughout the 1970s. But as the AIDS epidemic unfolded in the 1980s, the ability of this community to stand up to downtown and City Hall was dramatically weakened. The crisis became an opportunity for the city (in the name of public health) to close bathhouses and regulate bars - businesses that had been the cornerstone of the community's efforts to maintain a gay space in the South of Market neighborhood.

In 1984, as these spaces for the gay community were rapidly closing, a coalition of housing activists and community organizers started the Folsom Street Fair, in order to enhance the visibility of the community at a time when people in City Hall and elsewhere were apt to think it had gone away. The fair also provided a means for much-needed fundraising, and created opportunities for members of the leather community to connect to services and vital information (e.g., regarding safer sex) which bathhouses and bars might otherwise have been ideally situated to distribute.

Redevelopment plans were first outlined in 1953. These plans began to be realized in the late 1970s and in the early 1980s with the construction of the conference center, Moscone Center, which occupies three blocks and hosts many major trade shows. Moscone South opened its doors in December 1981. Moscone North opened in May 1992, and most recently Moscone West in June 2003.

With the opening of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art in 1995, the Mission and Howard Street area of the South of Market has become a hub for museums and performances spaces. Intersection for the Arts is also based in the neighborhood, a non-profit which supports local Bay Area artists. The San Francisco institution was founded in 1965 in the Tenderloin, but has moved within the city to its current location in SoMa. Intersection supports the arts by offering local artists resources, fiscal sponsorship, and exhibition and performance spaces.

The area has long been home to bars and nightclubs. During the 1980s and 1990s, some of the warehouses there served as the home to the city's budding underground rave, punk, and independent music scene. However, in recent decades, and mostly due to gentrification and rising rents, these establishments have begun to cater to an upscale and mainstream clientele that subsequently pushed out the underground musicians and their scene. Beginning in the 1990s, older housing stock has been joined by loft-style condominiums. Many of these were built under the cover of "live-work" development ostensibly meant to maintain a studio arts community in San Francisco. During the late 1990s, the occupant of the "live-work" loft was more likely to be a "dot-commie", as South of Market became a local center of the dot-com boom, due to its central location, space for infill housing development, and spaces readily converted into offices.

A major transformation of the neighborhood was conceived during the 2000s with the Transbay Terminal Replacement Project, which broke ground in August 2010 and opened in August 2018. In addition, new high rise residential projects like One Rincon Hill, 300 Spear Street, and Millennium Tower are transforming the San Francisco skyline. In 2005, the Transbay Joint Powers Authority proposed to raise height limits around the new Transbay Terminal. This led to proposals for more supertall buildings, such as Renzo Piano's proposal for a group of towers that includes two 1,200-foot. (366 m) towers, two 900-foot (274 m) towers, and a 600-foot (183 m) tower. The 1,200-foot (366 m) towers would have been the tallest buildings in the United States outside of New York City and Chicago. Renzo Piano's complex has since been canceled, and replaced by a newer project entitled 50 First Street, to be designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM). In addition, the Cesar Pelli and Hines Group have also proposed another 1,070-foot (366 m), 61-story office tower.  The Salesforce Tower, formerly named the Transbay Tower, was completed May 2018.

Economy
The neighborhood consists of warehouses, auto repair shops, nightclubs, residential hotels, art spaces, loft apartments, furniture showrooms, condominiums and technology companies. A major children's park was also built for the area on top of Moscone South. The park features a large play area, an ice skating rink, a bowling alley, a restaurant, the Children's Creativity Museum and the restored carousel from Playland-At-the-Beach. The children's park and Children's Creativity Museum are joined to the Yerba Buena Gardens by a footbridge.

Businesses
Many major software and technology companies have headquarters and offices here, including Ustream, Planet Labs, Foursquare, Cloudflare, Wikia, Wired, GitHub, Pinterest, CBS Interactive, LinkedIn, Trulia, Dropbox, IGN, Salesforce, BitTorrent Inc., Yelp, Zynga, Airbnb, Uber, Advent Software, and Pac-12 Networks. The area is also home to the few Big-box stores in San Francisco such as Costco, REI, Nordstrom Rack, and Best Buy.

Public health
The South of Market Health Center ensured health care access to comprehensive care by providing mental and physical health problem services to close the gap on health disparities. It provides agencies with programs including finances, health care, food assistance or job training. In terms of sexual health, the district's San Francisco City Clinic offers sexually transmitted disease (STD) tests and treatment, in addition to counseling and condoms.

211 United Way Bay Area is a service that connects callers with services and programs: including basic needs, physical and mental health, employment assistance, and seniors support.

Miscellaneous attractions
The local Academy of Art University owns several buildings in the neighborhood, primarily for academic and administrative purposes.

Culture

Cultural centers
SOMA is home to many of San Francisco's museums, including San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA), the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, the Museum of the African Diaspora, the American Bookbinders Museum, the California Historical Society, the Zeum, and the Contemporary Jewish Museum. The Old Mint, which served as the San Francisco Mint from 1874 to 1937, was restored over an eight-year period and reopened to the public in 2012. The Center for the Arts, along with Yerba Buena Gardens and the Metreon, is built on top of Moscone North.

SOMArts, one of four cultural center facilities owned by the City and County of San Francisco, is located on Brannan Street between 8th and 9th streets.

Many small theater companies and venues are situated in the SOMA, including the Lamplighters, The Garage, Theatre Rhinoceros, Boxcar Theater, Crowded Fire Theater, and FoolsFURY Theater.

Events
Due to the area's gay rights history, the Folsom Street Fair is held on Folsom St between 7th and 12th Streets (now between 8th and 13th Streets). The smaller and less-commercialized leather subculture-oriented Up Your Alley Fair (commonly referred to as the Dore Alley Fair) is held in late July on and around Folsom St. Also home to the annual How Weird Street Faire featuring dancing and costumes, held in early May along seven city blocks including Howard and Second streets.

Several Filipino cultural events are held such as Filipino American History Month Celebration at the Asian Art Museum in October and Pistahan Parade and Festival in August.

Undiscovered SF, held monthly, promotes economic activity and awareness of SoMa Pilipinas. It supports retail concepts, restaurants, and businesses by giving skill-set building workshops and professional services like accounting and crowdfunding to prepare businesses for growth and sustainability.

Leather and LGBTQ Cultural District
The Leather and LGBTQ Cultural District was created in SoMa in 2018. The area is bounded approximately by Howard St. on the northwest, 7th St. on the northeast, I-80 on the east and US 101 on the south. There is also an exclave between 5th and 6th streets, Harrison and Bryant. It includes the San Francisco South of Market Leather History Alley, which opened in 2017.

SoMa Pilipinas
In April 2016, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors adopted a resolution that established the SOMA Pilipinas Filipino Cultural Heritage District. The relationship between SOMA Pilipinas and the Philippines is established in the resolution: "Whereas, Filipino immigration patterns to San Francisco are rooted in the conquest and subsequent colonization of the Philippines by the United States in 1898, the American colonial regime in the Philippines from 1899-1946, and ongoing, often unequal and imperialist US-Philippines relations from 1946 to present." The City of San Francisco certified Tagalog as its third official language in 2014, and a 2010 Census illustrated the Filipino population to reach 36,347 Filipino in the city which 5,106 live in South of Market District. Within the SOMA Pilipinas' official borders—Market to the north, Brannan to the south, 2nd the east, and 11th to the west—are several streets named after Filipino historical figures, including Rizal, Lapu-Lapu, and Mabini, and are located between Folsom and Harrison Streets. A former Philipino district existed near North Beach, prior to its gentrification, called Manilatown.

See also

 List of tallest buildings in San Francisco
 Moscone Center
 Foundry Square
 San Francisco Transbay development
 Transbay Terminal
 Salesforce Tower

References

External links

 LiveSoma Community & News Site
 Sharing Leather History Through a Board Game
 sftravel.com South of Market Information
 Foundsf Category:SOMA
 Real Estate Overview for SoMa
 Western SoMa Voice
 SOMA Pilipinas: Filipino Heritage District
 Leather & LGBTQ Cultural District

Neighborhoods in San Francisco
Warehouse districts of the United States
Economy of San Francisco
Gay villages in California
LGBT culture in San Francisco
Tourist attractions in San Francisco
Adaptive reuse of industrial structures in the San Francisco Bay Area

South of Market, San Francisco


Baudenkmäler nach Ortsteilen

Brunnen

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Hohenried

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Kaltenthal

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Niederarnbach

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Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Brunnen (Bayern)

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

!
Brunnen Bayern
Baudenkmaler Brunnen Bayern

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Brunnen (Bayern)


An Aloe hazeliana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Gilbert Westacott Reynolds. An Aloe hazeliana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aloe, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 A. h. hazeliana
 A. h. howmanii

Mga kasarigan

Aloe

Aloe hazeliana


خلطة فوزية هو فيلم مصري من إنتاج 2009، ومن تأليف هناء عطية، وإخراج مجدي أحمد علي.

ملخص الأحداث

تدور قصة الفيلم حول امرأة فقيرة ولكنها تملك خلطة سرية للنجاح في حياتها، تتزوج أكثر من مرة وتربي أولادها جميعا في منزله الصغير، وتتوالى الأحداث.

الشخصيات

 إلهام شاهين (فوزية)
 فتحي عبد الوهاب
 غادة عبد الرازق
 عزت أبو عوف
 هالة صدقي
 نجوى فؤاد
 لطفي لبيب
 حجاج عبد العظيم
 عايدة عبد العزيز
 مجدي فكري
 يوسف عثمان
 نورا السباعي
 سعيد الصالح

روابط خارجية

المصادر

 صفحة الفيلم في قاعدة بيانات الأفلام العربية

أفلام إلهام شاهين
أفلام عايدة عبد العزيز
أفلام عزت أبو عوف
أفلام غادة عبد الرازق
أفلام لطفي لبيب
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 2009
أفلام نجوى فؤاد
أفلام هالة صدقي
أفلام يوسف عثمان

خلطة فوزية (فيلم)


الجمعيات التطوعية  تنتشر في النظم الديمقراطية، وتشجع الحكومات على عملها والقيام بنشاطها، فهي تقوم بمجالات مكملة لمجهودات الحكومة على مستوى المحافظة (أو الولايات) وعلى مستوى المدينة والقرية. الجمعيات التطوعية تنظمها مجموعات أهلية مستقلة عن الحكومة، بغرض مساعدة الآخرين.

تلعب الجمعيات دورا مهما في تكوين المواطن من خلال زرع روح المواطنة والمبادرة والتطوع وحثه على المساهمة في الحياة العامة وبناء الديمقراطية وتحقيق التنمية. يستفيد الأعضاء المنخرطون في الجمعيات من التكوين في مجال التسيير الإداري والتدبير المالي كما تفتح مجالات التعبير عن الرأي والدفاع عن المواقف والاندماج في الحياة العامة.

كثير من نشاط الجمعيات الاهلية يكون قائما على العمل التطوعي.

أنواع الجمعيات التطوعية
 الجمعيات النسائية.
 الجمعيات الثقافية.
 الجمعيات الاغاثية والخيرية.
 جمعية رعاية وإسعافية.
 جمعية شؤون اجتماعية (رعاية أيتام، ذوي احتياجات خاصة )
 جمعية تنموية.
 جمعية تعليم استخدام الإنترنت.
 جمعية لاستخدام الحاسوب.
 جمعيات تعليم الحرف اليدوية.
 جمعية حقوق الإنسان.
 جمعية رفق بالحيوان، وغيرها.

تسجيل الجمعية التطوعية

يلزم تسجيل الجمعية التطوعية غالبا بقوة القانون، ويكفي في العادة لتسجيلها خطة عملها وهو بمثابة دستورها، ويلزم لها مجلس الأعضاء، وأشخاص الإدارة.

لا تغير عمل الجمعية بتغير المشاركون، فدستورها هو الذي يحدد عملها.

وهي في العادة لا تخضع للضرائب حيث انها ليست جمعية للكسب.

جمعية الهواة

قد يقوم بعض الاشخاص الذين يميلون إلى نوع معين من نشاط الهواة بتشكيل جمعية لهم يتبادلون فيها الخبرات أو لمجرد التسلية. أمثال تلك الجمعيات:
 جمعية محبي الفنون الجميلة
 جمعية لعب الشطرنج
 جمعية هواة الفلك
 جمعية محبي الموسيقى الغربية، وغيرها.

مصادر

اقرأ أيضا
 ترابط اجتماعي
 حقوق الإنسان
 قانون الحفاظ على الحيوان
 جمعية رعاية
 مجتمع مدني
 ديموقراطية حديثة
 مقدمو الرعاية الأسرية

أنواع المنظمات
اقتصاد اجتماعي
تطوع
جمعيات
كيانات قانونية
مجتمع مدني
مصطلحات رياضية
مصطلحات قانونية
منظمات غير ربحية

جمعية تطوعية


Hanerau-Hademarschen er en kommune og en by i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Mittelholstein i den sydlige del af Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde. Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde ligger i den centrale del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Hanerau-Hademarschen ligger syd for Kielerkanalen ved vestenden af gestryggen, midt i et trekantområde dannet af byerne Rendsborg, Heide og Itzehoe.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde

Hanerau-Hademarschen


Maximilian Meisse (* 15. September 1969 in Kassel) ist ein deutscher Fotograf und Architekt. Er lebt und arbeitet in Berlin.

Leben
Meisse studierte Architektur an der Universität Stuttgart und der ETH Zürich bei Hans Kollhoff und Walter Maria Förderer. Neben seiner Tätigkeit als Architekt folgten ab 1996 erste fotografische Arbeiten. Seine wichtigsten Projekte beschäftigten sich mit dem Flughafen Tempelhof, der Museumsinsel in Berlin und der Stadt Venedig. Auf die Nominierung seiner Publikation Tempelhof für den Deutschen Fotobuchpreis 2009 folgten Ausstellungen auf der art Karlsruhe, der Henn Galerie in München, der Galerie f75 in Stuttgart und der Carpentier Galerie in Berlin. Zwischen 2007 und 2008 hielt er einen Lehrauftrag an der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus, 2009 folgte ein weiterer Lehrauftrag an der Kunsthochschule Kassel. Zu seinen wichtigsten Auftraggebern gehören die Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin, die Internationale Bauakademie Berlin, die Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz und die Museen der Stadt Nürnberg. Seine Werke sind unter anderem in der Kunstsammlung des Deutschen Bundestages und in der Sammlung der R.C.K. Kunststiftung vertreten.
Meisses fotokünstlerische Auseinandersetzung mit der Europäischen Stadt wird in zahlreichen Bildbänden, die er im Wasmuth Verlag veröffentlicht hat, dokumentiert. Seine Arbeiten sind Bestandteil der Kunstsammlung des Deutschen Bundestages und anderer privater Sammlungen. Er wird von den Galerien Busche Kunst und Zweigstelle Berlin vertreten.

Ausstellungen
 2008: Tempelhof, Tammen Galerie, Berlin (Einzelausstellung)
 2009: Teilnahme an der art karlsruhe, vertreten durch das Kunsthaus Lübeck
 2010: Ready Places, Zentrale der Landesbank Berlin (Einzelausstellung)
 2011: Tempelhof, Galerie f 75, Stuttgart (Einzelausstellung)
 2011: Tempelhof, Henn Galerie, München (Einzelausstellung)
 2012: Museumsinsel Berlin, Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband, Berlin (Einzelausstellung)
 2013: Venetian Settings, Carpentier Galerie, Berlin (Einzelausstellung)
 2014: Venetian Settings, Galerie f 75, Stuttgart (Einzelausstellung)
 2015: Domestic Space 3, Galerie Zweigstelle Berlin (Gruppenausstellung)
 2015: Ready Places Berlin, Carpentier Galerie, Berlin (Gruppenausstellung)
 2016: Change of Perspectives – Positionen zeitgenössischer Architekturfotografie, Aedes Architecture Forum Berlin (Gruppenausstellung)
 2018: Fotografische Entwürfe, Deutscher Werkbund Berlin (Einzelausstellung)
 2019: Traum + Wirklichkeit, Kosmos Architektur, Baukunstarchiv NRW, Dortmund (Ausstellungsbeteiligung)
 2021: Rom Bilder, Stiftung Schloss Neuhardenberg

Publikationen
 2006: Plakat für das Bodemuseum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
 2008: PHOTO International, Ausgabe 1/2008
 2008: Tempelhof, Hrsg.: Maximilian Meisse, Ernst Wasmuth Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8030-0697-4
 2009: Designmai Kongress Berlin, zwei Plakate
 2011: Museumsinsel Berlin, Hrsg.: Maximilian Meisse, Ernst Wasmuth Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8030-0748-3
 2012: Venetian Settings, Hrsg.: Maximilian Meisse, Ernst Wasmuth Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8030-0762-9
 2012: architektur-landscapealbum 02, seltmann+söhne
 2014: Ready Places Berlin, Hrsg.: Maximilian Meisse, Ernst Wasmuth Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8030-0782-7
 2015: domus, Hans Kollhoff`s Berlin, Ausgabe 11/2015
 2016: Berlinkontinuum, Hrsg.: Maximilian Meisse, Ernst Wasmuth Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8030-0818 3
 2018: Atlas zum Städtebau, Hrsg.: Vittorio M. Lampugnani, Markus Tubbesing, Harald Stühlinger, Hirmer Verlag, ISBN 978-3-7774-2966-3
 2018: Kassel, Hrsg.: Maximilian Meisse, Ernst Wasmuth Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8030-3404-5
 2019: Haus mit Eigenschaften – Das Palais Holler am Kurfürstendamm, Hrsg.: Tobias Nöfer, Wasmuth & Zohlen Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8030-0844-2
 2019: August Deusser, Hrsg.: Dirk Boll, Hatje Cantz Verlag, ISBN 978-3-7757-4612-0
 2019: Reformblock Berlin, Hrsg.: Maximilian Meisse, Wasmuth & Zohlen Verlag, ISBN 978-3 8030-0845-9

Weblinks

 Maximilian Meisse Homepage

Einzelnachweise

Architekturfotograf
Fotograf (Berlin)
Fotograf (21. Jahrhundert)
Fotograf (20. Jahrhundert)
Person (Kassel)
Deutscher
Geboren 1969
Mann

Maximilian Meisse


A

Alberschwende
 Heimatmuseum und landwirtschaftliche Sammlung Mesmers Stall

Andelsbuch
 Werkraum Bregenzerwald – Handwerk und Baukultur

Au
 Barockbaumeister Museum

B

Bartholomäberg
 Frühmesshaus Bartholomäberg (Denkmalhof)

Bezau
 Heimatmuseum Bezau (Denkmalhof)
 Bregenzerwaldbahn

Blons
 Puppenmuseum Blons

Bludenz
 Stadtmuseum Bludenz

Bregenz
 Kunsthaus Bregenz
 Martinsturm (stadtgeschichtliche Dauerausstellung)
 Territorialabtei Wettingen-Mehrerau
 vorarlberg museum
 Vorarlberger Militärmuseum im Kommandogebäude Oberst Bilgeri

Bürserberg
 Paarhof Buacher (Denkmalhof)

D

Dalaas
 Klostertalmuseum Wald am Arlberg

Damüls

 FIS-Skimuseum Damüls

Dornbirn
 FLATZ Museum
 Vorarlberger Architektur Institut
 Inatura
 Krippenmuseum Dornbirn
 Kunstraum Dornbirn
 QuadrART Dornbirn
 Rolls-Royce-Museum
 Stadtmuseum Dornbirn mit Textilmusterarchiv
 Mohren Biererlebniswelt

E

Egg
 Egg Museum

F

Feldkirch
 Finanz- und Zollgeschichtliche Sammlung
 Schattenburgmuseum
 Wirtschaftsarchiv Vorarlberg
 Motorradmuseum Feldkirch

Frastanz
 Vorarlberger Museumswelt
 Vorarlberger Elektromuseum
 Vorarlberger Tabakmuseum
 Vorarlberger Landesfeuerwehrmuseum

G

Gaschurn
 Alpin- und Tourismusmuseum Gaschurn (Denkmalhof)

H

Hard
 Museum des Feuerwehr-Oldtimer-Vereins Hard
 Textildruckmuseum Mittelweiherburg

Hittisau
 Alpsennereimuseum Hittisau
 Frauenmuseum Hittisau
 Gemeindemuseum Hittisau

Hohenems
 Alte-Zeiten-Museum
 Arche Noah - Sammlung Kunst & Natur
 Elisabeth-Schwarzkopf-Museum
 Franz-Schubert-Museum Hohenems
 Jüdisches Museum Hohenems, Mikwe (Hohenems)
 Legge-Museum
 Nibelungen-Museum
 Otten Kunstraum
 Schubertiade Museum
 Schuhmacher Museum
 Stoffels Säge-Mühle

K

Koblach
 Museum für Urgeschichte Koblach

L

Lauterach
 Kunst im Rohnerhaus

Lech
 Museum Huber-Hus
 Kästle-Mountain-Museum
 Walsermuseum Lech-Tannberg

Lochau
 Ortsgeschichte Sammlung Lochau

Lustenau
 Rauch's Radiomuseum
 Rhein-Schauen – Museum und Rheinbähnle
 Stickereimuseum Lustenau
 Druckwerk Lustenau

R

Rankweil
 Freilichtmuseum Villa Rustica
 Museum für Druckgrafik Rankweil

Riefensberg
 Juppenwerkstatt Riefensberg

Riezlern
 Walsermuseum Riezlern

Röthis
 Schmiedemuseum Röthis

S

Schoppernau
 Felder-Museum

Schröcken
 Alpmuseum-uf-m-Tannberg

Schruns
 Montafoner Heimatmuseum Schruns

Schwarzach
 Heimatmuseum Schwarzach, auch Heimathaus Linzenberg (Denkmalhof) oder "Hermann-Dür-Haus"

Schwarzenberg
 Angelika-Kauffmann-Museum

Silbertal
 Montafoner Bergbaumuseum Silbertal

Sonntag
 Heimatmuseum Großes Walsertal (Denkmalhof)

W

Wald am Arlberg

 Klostertal-Museum

Wolfurt
 Spielzeugmuseum Wolfurt

Weblinks
 vorarlbergmuseen.at vom Amt der Vorarlberger Landesregierung
 Museen in Vorarlberg - V-Card
 Landkarte mit Museen in Vorarlberg

Einzelnachweise

!Liste
Vorarlberg

Liste der Museen in Vorarlberg


Panzehir, bir zehirin etkisini önleyen veya yok eden madde. Panzehirler ağız yoluyla zehirlenmelerde emilimi azaltmak amacıyla kullanılanlar (bölgesel panzehirler) ve kan dolaşımına çeşitli yollarla karışmış olan zehire karşı kullanılanlar (sistematik panzehirler) olmak üzere iki büyük grupta toplanırlar.

Bölgesel panzehirler

Mide yıkamalarında son yıkama suyuna karıştırılarak kullanılan bölgesel panzehirlerden en yaygın olanı aktif kömür (Carbon Vegetale)dür. Bitki kaynaklı kömürün ufaltılması ile elde edilen bu madde çok küçük parçalar halinde olduğu için zehiri tutucu sahası son derece arttırılmıştır. Bağırsakta emilme özelliği olmadığı için de vücuda zarar verme durumu yoktur. Çok yüksek dozlarda verilebilir. 20 gram aktif kömür 200 mililitre suda bulamaç haline getirilerek verilmesi en büyük faydayı sağlar. Aktif kömür birçok zehirlenmede kullanılan bir panzehirdir. Kuru ekmeğin yakılmasıyla da basit olarak aktif kömür elde edilebilir.

Potasyum permanganatın (KMnO4), 1/10.000'lik solüsyonu veya tentürdiyotlu su, alkaloidlerle olan zehirlenmelerde kullanılır. Bu iki panzehir alkaloitleri okside ederek etkisiz hale getirir.

Asit ve alkali (bazik) maddelerle olan zehirlenmelerde, zehiri hemen nötralize etmek gerekir. Çünkü bunlar çok fazla tahriş edici ve dokuyu harap edici özellikte maddelerdir. Sülfürik asit, nitrik asit, tuz ruhu gibi asit maddelerle olan zehirlenmelerde nötralizasyon için magnezyum sütü (Mg(OH)2 gibi anti asitler kullanılır. Alkali zehirlenmelerinde; sirke, sirkeli su, askorbik asit gibi asit maddeler kullanılır.

Anyon değiştirici bir reçine olan kolestiramin, aspirin ve asetaminofen gibi zayıf asit yapısındaki ilaçlarla olan zehirlenmelerde ağızdan verilir. Kolestiramin bunları bağlayarak emilip hızla kana geçmelerini önler. Yumurta akı, süt, yoğurt gibi proteini bol maddeler, cıva ve gümüş gibi ağır metal zehirlenmelerine karşı panzehir olarak etkilidirler.

Diğer bölgesel panzehirler arasında gümüş nitrata karşı sodyum klorür, iyota karşı nişasta, demire karşı sodyum karbonat, süt, yoğurt, nişasta sayılabilir.

Sistemik panzehirler
Kan dolaşımına geçmiş olan zehirlere karşı kullanılırlar. Kimyasal, fizyolojik ve farmakolojik panzehirler olarak üç gruptur.

Sistemik panzehirlerin kimyasal olanları genellikle şelasyon yapıcı (zehirle halkalı bileşik meydana getirici) maddelerdir. Bu yolla oluşan halkalı maddeye şelat adı verilir. Şelatlar suda kolay çözündüklerinden vücuttan atılmaları da kolaydır. Şelasyonla zehir etkisiz hale gelir, zehirlenme belirtileri giderek azalır ve kaybolur. Bu bakımdan zehir alımından sonra ne kadar erken verilirlerse o kadar iyi olur.

Şelat yapıcı maddelerden biri dimerkaprol'dür (British Anti Lewisite = BAL). Arsenik ve cıva bağlamak için kullanılır. Ayrıca altın, krom ve kadmiyum zehirlenmelerinde de etkilidir. Kas içine şırınga edilir. Dimerkaptosüksinik asit adlı bir türevi ise, ağızdan kullanılan bir panzehirdir.

Yaygın bir şelat yapıcı madde de kalsiyum disodyum etilendiamin tetra asetik asittir (CaNa2 EDTA). % 5'lik dextroz solüsyonu içine katılarak damardan uygulanır. Bilhassa kurşun zehirlenmelerine, ayrıca çinko ve manganez zehirlenmelerine karşı da kullanılır.

Kurşun zehirlenmelerinde bundan sonra ikinci güçlü madde penisilin parçalanırken meydana gelen penisilamindir. Bu bir amino asittir. Ayrıca cıva zehirlenmelerinde bilhassa N-asetil penisilamin türevi çok başarılıdır.

Desferrioksamin, demir bağlayan şelat yapıcı bir maddedir. Hem ağızdan verilir, hem de şırınga edilir.

Fizyolojik panzehirler, zehirin etkisiyle organın bozulan faaliyetini düzelten maddelerdir. Mesela, damarı büzücü maddelerle olan zehirlenmelerde damar genişletici olan bir ilaç, fizyolojik panzehir olarak kullanılır.

Farmakolojik panzehirler daha karışık etkileri olan maddelerdir. Daha çabuk etki gösterirler. Bunlardan biri organofosfat (böcek zehiri) zehirlenmelerinde kullanılan atropindir. Zehirlenme esnasında ağız kuruyuncaya kadar atropin verilir. Atropin ayrıca Karbamat (mesela Baygon) zehirlenmesinde de kullanılır. Morfin zehirlenmelerinde damardan Naloksan adlı madde veya cilt altına Nalorfin verilir. Bunlar verilince solunum düzelir ve morfinin diğer etkileri hızla silinmeye başlar.

Aşırı antikoagülan (kan pıhtılaşmasını önleyici) alınınca K vitamini, karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesinde oksijen, antifiriz zehirlenmesinde etil alkol, heparine karşı protamin sülfat, sayılabilecek diğer panzehirlerdir.

Panzehir