There are 95 moons of Jupiter with confirmed orbits . This number does not include a number of meter-sized moonlets thought to be shed from the inner moons, nor hundreds of possible kilometer-sized outer irregular moons that were only briefly captured by telescopes. All together, Jupiter's moons form a satellite system called the Jovian system. The most massive of the moons are the four Galilean moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, which were independently discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius and were the first objects found to orbit a body that was neither Earth nor the Sun. Much more recently, beginning in 1892, dozens of far smaller Jovian moons have been detected and have received the names of lovers (or other sexual partners) or daughters of the Roman god Jupiter or his Greek equivalent Zeus. The Galilean moons are by far the largest and most massive objects to orbit Jupiter, with the remaining 91 known moons and the rings together composing just 0.003% of the total orbiting mass.

Of Jupiter's moons, eight are regular satellites with prograde and nearly circular orbits that are not greatly inclined with respect to Jupiter's equatorial plane. The Galilean satellites are nearly spherical in shape due to their planetary mass, and are just massive enough that they would be considered major planets if they were in direct orbit around the Sun. The other four regular satellites, known as the inner moons, are much smaller and closer to Jupiter; these serve as sources of the dust that makes up Jupiter's rings. The remainder of Jupiter's moons are outer irregular satellites whose prograde and retrograde orbits are much farther from Jupiter and have high inclinations and eccentricities. The largest of these moons were likely asteroids that were captured from solar orbits by Jupiter before impacts with other small bodies shattered them into many kilometer-sized fragments, forming collisional families of moons sharing similar orbits. Jupiter is expected to have about 100 irregular moons larger than  in diameter, plus around 500 more smaller retrograde moons down to diameters of . Of the 87 known irregular moons of Jupiter, 38 of them have not yet been officially named.

Characteristics

The physical and orbital characteristics of the moons vary widely. The four Galileans are all over  in diameter; the largest Galilean, Ganymede, is the ninth largest object in the Solar System, after the Sun and seven of the planets, Ganymede being larger than Mercury. All other Jovian moons are less than  in diameter, with most barely exceeding . Their orbital shapes range from nearly perfectly circular to highly eccentric and inclined, and many revolve in the direction opposite to Jupiter's rotation (retrograde motion). Orbital periods range from seven hours (taking less time than Jupiter does to rotate around its axis), to almost three Earth years.

Origin and evolution

Jupiter's regular satellites are believed to have formed from a circumplanetary disk, a ring of accreting gas and solid debris analogous to a protoplanetary disk. They may be the remnants of a score of Galilean-mass satellites that formed early in Jupiter's history.

Simulations suggest that, while the disk had a relatively high mass at any given moment, over time a substantial fraction (several tens of a percent) of the mass of Jupiter captured from the solar nebula was passed through it. However, only 2% of the proto-disk mass of Jupiter is required to explain the existing satellites. Thus, several generations of Galilean-mass satellites may have been in Jupiter's early history. Each generation of moons might have spiraled into Jupiter, because of drag from the disk, with new moons then forming from the new debris captured from the solar nebula. By the time the present (possibly fifth) generation formed, the disk had thinned so that it no longer greatly interfered with the moons' orbits. The current Galilean moons were still affected, falling into and being partially protected by an orbital resonance with each other, which still exists for Io, Europa, and Ganymede: they are in a 1:2:4 resonance. Ganymede's larger mass means that it would have migrated inward at a faster rate than Europa or Io. Tidal dissipation in the Jovian system is still ongoing and Callisto will likely be captured into the resonance in about 1.5 billion years, creating a 1:2:4:8 chain.

The outer, irregular moons are thought to have originated from captured asteroids, whereas the protolunar disk was still massive enough to absorb much of their momentum and thus capture them into orbit. Many are believed to have been broken up by mechanical stresses during capture, or afterward by collisions with other small bodies, producing the moons we see today.

History and discovery

Visual observations

Chinese historian Xi Zezong claimed that the earliest record of a Jovian moon (Ganymede or Callisto) was a note by Chinese astronomer Gan De of an observation around 364 BC regarding a "reddish star". However, the first certain observations of Jupiter's satellites were those of Galileo Galilei in 1609. By January 1610, he had sighted the four massive Galilean moons with his 20× magnification telescope, and he published his results in March 1610.

Simon Marius had independently discovered the moons one day after Galileo, although he did not publish his book on the subject until 1614. Even so, the names Marius assigned are used today: Ganymede, Callisto, Io, and Europa. No additional satellites were discovered until E. E. Barnard observed Amalthea in 1892.

Photographic and spacecraft observations

With the aid of telescopic photography with photographic plates, further discoveries followed quickly over the course of the 20th century. Himalia was discovered in 1904, Elara in 1905, Pasiphae in 1908, Sinope in 1914, Lysithea and Carme in 1938, Ananke in 1951, and Leda in 1974.

By the time that the Voyager space probes reached Jupiter, around 1979, thirteen moons had been discovered, not including Themisto, which had been observed in 1975, but was lost until 2000 due to insufficient initial observation data. The Voyager spacecraft discovered an additional three inner moons in 1979: Metis, Adrastea, and Thebe.

Digital telescopic observations

No additional moons were discovered until two decades later, with the fortuitous discovery of Callirrhoe by the Spacewatch survey in October 1999. During the 1990s, photographic plates phased out as digital charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras began emerging in telescopes on Earth, allowing for wide-field surveys of the sky at unprecedented sensitivities and ushering in a wave of new moon discoveries. Scott Sheppard, then a graduate student of David Jewitt, demonstrated this extended capability of CCD cameras in a survey conducted with the Mauna Kea Observatory's  UH88 telescope in November 2000, discovering eleven new irregular moons of Jupiter including the previously lost Themisto with the aid of automated computer algorithms.

From 2001 onward, Sheppard and Jewitt alongside other collaborators continued surveying for Jovian irregular moons with the  Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), discovering an additional eleven in December 2001, one in October 2002, and nineteen in February 2003. At the same time, another independent team led by Brett J. Gladman also used the CFHT in 2003 to search for Jovian irregular moons, discovering four and co-discovering two with Sheppard. From the start to end of these CCD-based surveys in 2000–2004, Jupiter's known moon count had grown from 17 to 63. All of these moons discovered after 2000 are faint and tiny, with apparent magnitudes between 22–23 and diameters less than . As a result, many could not be reliably tracked and ended up becoming lost.

Beginning in 2009, a team of astronomers, namely Mike Alexandersen, Marina Brozović, Brett Gladman, Robert Jacobson, and Christian Veillet, began a campaign to recover Jupiter's lost irregular moons using the CFHT and Palomar Observatory's  Hale Telescope. They discovered two previously unknown Jovian irregular moons during recovery efforts in September 2010, prompting further follow-up observations to confirm these by 2011. One of these moons, S/2010 J 2 (now Jupiter LII), has an apparent magnitude of 24 and a diameter of only , making it one of the faintest and smallest confirmed moons of Jupiter even . Meanwhile, in September 2011, Scott Sheppard, now a faculty member of the Carnegie Institution for Science, discovered two more irregular moons using the institution's  Magellan Telescopes at Las Campanas Observatory, raising Jupiter's known moon count to 67. Although Sheppard's two moons were followed up and confirmed by 2012, both became lost due to insufficient observational coverage.

In 2016, while surveying for distant trans-Neptunian objects with the Magellan Telescopes, Sheppard serendipitously observed a region of the sky located near Jupiter, enticing him to search for Jovian irregular moons as a detour. In collaboration with Chadwick Trujillo and David Tholen, Sheppard continued surveying around Jupiter from 2016 to 2018 using the Cerro Tololo Observatory's  Víctor M. Blanco Telescope and Mauna Kea Observatory's  Subaru Telescope. In the process, Sheppard's team recovered several lost moons of Jupiter from 2003 to 2011 and reported two new Jovian irregular moons in June 2017. Then in July 2018, Sheppard's team announced ten more irregular moons confirmed from 2016 to 2018 observations, bringing Jupiter's known moon count to 79. Among these was Valetudo, which has an unusually distant prograde orbit that crosses paths with the retrograde irregular moons. Several more unidentified Jovian irregular satellites were detected in Sheppard's 2016–2018 search, but were too faint for follow-up confirmation.

From November 2021 to January 2023, Sheppard discovered twelve more irregular moons of Jupiter and confirmed them in archival survey imagery from 2003 to 2018, bringing the total count to 92. Among these was S/2018 J 4, a highly-inclined prograde moon that is now known to be in same orbital grouping as the moon Carpo, which was previously thought to be solitary. On 22 February 2023, Sheppard announced three more moons discovered in a 2022 survey, now bringing Jupiter's total known moon count to 95. In a February 2023 interview with NPR, Sheppard noted that he and his team are currently tracking even more moons of Jupiter, which should place Jupiter's moon count over 100 once confirmed over the next two years.

Many more irregular moons of Jupiter will inevitably be discovered in the future, especially after the beginning of deep sky surveys by the upcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory and Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope in the mid-2020s. The Rubin Observatory's  aperture telescope and 3.5 square-degree field of view will probe Jupiter's irregular moons down to diameters of  at apparent magnitudes of 24.5, with the potential of increasing the known population by up to tenfold. Likewise, the Roman Space Telescope's  aperture and 0.28 square-degree field of view will probe Jupiter's irregular moons down to diameters of  at magnitude 27.7, with the potential of discovering approximately 1,000 Jovian moons above this size. Discovering these many irregular satellites will help reveal their population's size distribution and collisional histories, which will place further constraints to how the Solar System formed.

Naming

The Galilean moons of Jupiter (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto) were named by Simon Marius soon after their discovery in 1610. However, these names fell out of favor until the 20th century. The astronomical literature instead simply referred to "Jupiter I", "Jupiter II", etc., or "the first satellite of Jupiter", "Jupiter's second satellite", and so on. The names Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto became popular in the mid-20th century, whereas the rest of the moons remained unnamed and were usually numbered in Roman numerals V (5) to XII (12). Jupiter V was discovered in 1892 and given the name Amalthea by a popular though unofficial convention, a name first used by French astronomer Camille Flammarion.

The other moons were simply labeled by their Roman numeral (e.g. Jupiter IX) in the majority of astronomical literature until the 1970s. Several different suggestions were made for names of Jupiter's outer satellites, but none were universally accepted until 1975 when the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) Task Group for Outer Solar System Nomenclature granted names to satellites V–XIII, and provided for a formal naming process for future satellites still to be discovered. The practice was to name newly discovered moons of Jupiter after lovers and favorites of the god Jupiter (Zeus) and, since 2004, also after their descendants. All of Jupiter's satellites from XXXIV (Euporie) onward are named after descendants of Jupiter or Zeus, except LIII (Dia), named after a lover of Jupiter. Names ending with "a" or "o" are used for prograde irregular satellites (the latter for highly inclined satellites), and names ending with "e" are used for retrograde irregulars. With the discovery of smaller, kilometre-sized moons around Jupiter, the IAU has established an additional convention to limit the naming of small moons with absolute magnitudes greater than 18 or diameters smaller than . Some of the most recently confirmed moons have not received names.

Some asteroids share the same names as moons of Jupiter: 9 Metis, 38 Leda, 52 Europa, 85 Io, 113 Amalthea, 239 Adrastea. Two more asteroids previously shared the names of Jovian moons until spelling differences were made permanent by the IAU: Ganymede and asteroid 1036 Ganymed; and Callisto and asteroid 204 Kallisto.

Groups

Regular satellites
These have prograde and nearly circular orbits of low inclination and are split into two groups:
Inner satellites or Amalthea group: Metis, Adrastea, Amalthea, and Thebe. These orbit very close to Jupiter; the innermost two orbit in less than a Jovian day.  The latter two are respectively the fifth and seventh largest moons in the Jovian system. Observations suggest that at least the largest member, Amalthea, did not form on its present orbit, but farther from the planet, or that it is a captured Solar System body. These moons, along with a number of seen and as-yet-unseen inner moonlets (see Amalthea moonlets), replenish and maintain Jupiter's faint ring system. Metis and Adrastea help to maintain Jupiter's main ring, whereas Amalthea and Thebe each maintain their own faint outer rings.
Main group or Galilean moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. They are some of the largest objects in the Solar System outside the Sun and the eight planets in terms of mass, larger than any known dwarf planet. Ganymede exceeds (and Callisto nearly equals) even the planet Mercury in diameter, though they are less massive. They are respectively the fourth-, sixth-, first-, and third-largest natural satellites in the Solar System, containing approximately 99.997% of the total mass in orbit around Jupiter, while Jupiter is almost 5,000 times more massive than the Galilean moons. The inner moons are in a 1:2:4 orbital resonance. Models suggest that they formed by slow accretion in the low-density Jovian subnebula—a disc of the gas and dust that existed around Jupiter after its formation—which lasted up to 10 million years in the case of Callisto. Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto are suspected of having subsurface water oceans, and Io may have a subsurface magma ocean.

Irregular satellites

The irregular satellites are substantially smaller objects with more distant and eccentric orbits. They form families with shared similarities in orbit (semi-major axis, inclination, eccentricity) and composition; it is believed that these are at least partially collisional families that were created when larger (but still small) parent bodies were shattered by impacts from asteroids captured by Jupiter's gravitational field. These families bear the names of their largest members. The identification of satellite families is tentative, but the following are typically listed:
 Prograde satellites:
Themisto is the innermost irregular moon and is not part of a known family.
The Himalia group is confined within semi-major axes between , inclinations between 27–29°, and eccentricities between 0.12 and 0.21. It has been suggested that the group could be a remnant of the break-up of an asteroid from the asteroid belt.
The Carpo group includes two known moons on very high orbital inclinations of 50° and semi-major axes between . Due to their exceptionally high inclinations, the moons of the Carpo group are subject to gravitational perturbations that induce the Lidov–Kozai resonance in their orbits, which cause their eccentricities and inclinations to periodically oscillate in correspondence with each other. The Lidov–Kozai resonance can significantly alter the orbits of these moons: for example, the eccentricity and inclination of the group's namesake Carpo can fluctuate between 0.19–0.69 and 44–59°, respectively.
Valetudo is the outermost prograde moon and is not part of a known family. Its prograde orbit crosses paths with several moons that have retrograde orbits and may in the future collide with them.
 Retrograde satellites:
The Carme group is tightly confined within semi-major axes between , inclinations between 164–166°, and eccentricities between 0.25 and 0.28. It is very homogeneous in color (light red) and is believed to have originated as collisional fragments from a D-type asteroid progenitor, possibly a Jupiter trojan.
The Ananke group has a relatively wider spread than the previous groups, with semi-major axes between , inclinations between 144–156°, and eccentricities between 0.09 and 0.25. Most of the members appear gray, and are believed to have formed from the breakup of a captured asteroid.
The Pasiphae group is quite dispersed, with semi-major axes spread over , inclinations between 141° and 157°, and higher eccentricities between 0.23 and 0.44. The colors also vary significantly, from red to grey, which might be the result of multiple collisions. Sinope, sometimes included in the Pasiphae group, is red and, given the difference in inclination, it could have been captured independently; Pasiphae and Sinope are also trapped in secular resonances with Jupiter.

Based on their survey discoveries in 2000–2003, Sheppard and Jewitt predicted that Jupiter should have approximately 100 irregular satellites larger than  in diameter, or brighter than magnitude 24. Survey observations by Alexandersen et al. in 2010–2011 agreed with this prediction, estimating that approximately 40 Jovian irregular satellites of this size remained undiscovered in 2012.

In September 2020, researchers from the University of British Columbia identified 45 candidate irregular moons from an analysis of archival images taken in 2010 by the CFHT. These candidates were mainly small and faint, down to magnitude of 25.7 or above  in diameter. From the number of candidate moons detected within a sky area of one square degree, the team extrapolated that the population of retrograde Jovian moons brighter than magnitude 25.7 is around  within a factor of 2. Although the team considers their characterized candidates to be likely moons of Jupiter, they all remain unconfirmed due to insufficient observation data for determining reliable orbits. The true population of Jovian irregular moons is likely complete down to magnitude 23.2 at diameters over  .

List

The moons of Jupiter are listed below by orbital period. Moons massive enough for their surfaces to have collapsed into a spheroid are highlighted in bold. These are the four Galilean moons, which are comparable in size to the Moon. The other moons are much smaller, with the least massive Galilean moon being more than 7,000 times more massive than the most massive of the other moons. The irregular captured moons are shaded light gray and orange when prograde and yellow, red, and dark gray when retrograde.

The orbits and mean distances of the irregular moons are highly variable over short timescales due to frequent planetary and solar perturbations, so proper orbital elements which are averaged over a period of time are preferably used. The proper orbital elements of the irregular moons listed here are averaged over a 400-year numerical integration by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory: for the above reasons, they may strongly differ from osculating orbital elements provided by other sources. Otherwise, recently-discovered irregular moons without published proper elements are temporarily listed here with inaccurate osculating orbital elements that are italicized to distinguish them from other irregular moons with proper orbital elements. Some of the irregular moons' proper orbital periods in this list may not scale accordingly with their proper semi-major axes due to the aforementioned perturbations. The irregular moons' proper orbital elements are all based on the reference epoch of 1 January 2000.

Some irregular moons have only been observed briefly for a year or two, but their orbits are known accurately enough that they will not be lost to positional uncertainties. , only three known moons of Jupiter—S/2022 J 1, S/2022 J 2, and S/2022 J 3—have observation arcs shorter than one year and are therefore at risk of becoming lost.

Exploration

Nine spacecraft have visited Jupiter. The first were Pioneer 10 in 1973, and Pioneer 11 a year later, taking low-resolution images of the four Galilean moons and returning data on their atmospheres and radiation belts. The Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 probes visited Jupiter in 1979, discovering the volcanic activity on Io and the presence of water ice on the surface of Europa. Ulysses further studied Jupiter's magnetosphere in 1992 and then again in 2000.

The Galileo spacecraft was the first to enter orbit around Jupiter, arriving in 1995 and studying it until 2003. During this period, Galileo gathered a large amount of information about the Jovian system, making close approaches to all of the Galilean moons and finding evidence for thin atmospheres on three of them, as well as the possibility of liquid water beneath the surfaces of Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. It also discovered a magnetic field around Ganymede.

Then the Cassini probe to Saturn flew by Jupiter in 2000 and collected data on interactions of the Galilean moons with Jupiter's extended atmosphere. The New Horizons spacecraft flew by Jupiter in 2007 and made improved measurements of its satellites' orbital parameters.

In 2016, the Juno spacecraft imaged the Galilean moons from above their orbital plane as it approached Jupiter orbit insertion, creating a time-lapse movie of their motion. With a mission extension, Juno has since begun close flybys of the Galileans, flying by Ganymede in 2021 followed by Europa and Io in 2022. It is planned to fly by Io again in late 2023 and once more in 2024.

See also
 Jupiter's moons in fiction
 Satellite system (astronomy)

Notes

References

External links

 Scott S. Sheppard: Moons of Jupiter
 Scott S. Sheppard: The Jupiter Satellite and Moon Page
 Jupiter Moons by NASA's Solar System Exploration
 Archive of Jupiter System Articles in Planetary Science Research Discoveries
 Tilmann Denk: Outer Moons of Jupiter

Lists of moons

Moons of Jupiter


The Harris Nuclear Plant is a nuclear power plant with a single Westinghouse designed pressurized-water nuclear reactor operated by Duke Energy. It was named in honor of W. Shearon Harris, former president of Carolina Power & Light (predecessor of Progress Energy Inc.). Located in New Hill, North Carolina, in the United States, about 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Raleigh, it generates 900 MWe, has a 523-foot (160 m) natural draft cooling tower, and uses Harris Lake for cooling. The reactor achieved criticality in January 1987 and began providing power commercially on May 2 of that year.

The Shearon Harris site was originally designed for four reactors (and still has the space available for them), but only one was built. The final cost approached $3.9B, including safety upgrades mandated after the Three Mile Island accident.

On November 16, 2006, the operator applied to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for a renewal and extension of the plant's operating license.
The NRC granted the renewal on December 17, 2008, extending the license from forty years to sixty.

Refurbished generator from Three Mile Island
On January 22, 2010, officials at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission announced the electrical generator from the damaged Unit 2 reactor at Three Mile Island would be used at Shearon Harris. The generator was refurbished and installed during a refueling outage in November, 2010.

Units 2 & 3
On February 19, 2008 Progress filed an application with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for a Combined Construction and Operating License (COL). It seeks to build two 1,100 MWe Westinghouse AP1000 pressurized water reactors. Although the NRC had already certified the AP1000 design, the application review was expected to take about 36 months. The new reactors would not be operational before 2018.

Expansion of the plant would require raising the water level of Harris Lake by 20 feet, decreasing the size of Wake County's largest park, with the Cape Fear River as a backup water source.

On May 2, 2013, Duke submitted a request to the NRC to suspend review of the Harris Units 2 and 3 Combined License Application (COLA), effectively halting further development of this project. Duke has determined the forecast operating dates of the proposed reactors falls outside the fifteen-year planning horizon utilized by state regulators in their demonstration of need evaluation.  The COLA remains docketed, however, leaving the door open for Duke to restart activities.

Electricity Production

Reactor data

The Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant consists of one operational reactor. Three additional units were cancelled. Two additional reactors were planned and cancelled in 2013.

Safety

Nuclear Regulatory Commission inspections
As of September 2017, the Harris plant is one of three out of the 99 plants in the country to have no Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) findings during the past 4 quarters of inspections.

The NRC's risk estimate for an earthquake intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at Shearon Harris was 1 in 434,783, according to an NRC study published in August 2010.

Surrounding population
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear power plants: a plume exposure pathway zone with a radius of , concerned primarily with exposure to, and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination, and an ingestion pathway zone of about , concerned primarily with ingestion of food and liquid contaminated by radioactivity.

The 2010 U.S. population within  of Shearon Harris was 96,401, an increase of 62.6 percent in a decade, according to an analysis of U.S. Census data for msnbc.com. The 2010 U.S. population within  was 2,562,573, an increase of 26.0 percent since 2000. Cities within 50 miles include Raleigh (21 miles to city center), Durham (24 miles to city center), and Fayetteville (39 miles to city center).

During FEMA's most recent evaluation of state and local government's plans and preparedness included emergency operations for the plant, no deficiencies or areas requiring corrective actions were identified.

NC-WARN concerns
The anti-nuclear group "N.C. Waste Awareness and Reduction Network" (NC-WARN) questioned the facility's safety and security record calling it "insufficient" and claiming "it is the most dangerous nuclear plant in the US".  However, the plant's technical and security systems have passed all Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) standards , including protection and security, and no worker or area resident has been injured as a result of the plant's operation.

Spent fuel pools
In 2010, Project Censored, a non-profit, investigative journalism project, ranked the safety issues at Shearon Harris the 4th most under-reported story of the year, because of the risk of fires at what are the largest spent-fuel pools in the country.

In August 2007, NC WARN dropped a lawsuit against Progress Energy that was intended to delay or prevent expansion of Shearon Harris, claiming that continuing the legal battle would cost at least $200,000.

Shutdown

On May 16, 2013, Shearon Harris Unit 1 initiated an unplanned shutdown when reviews of ultrasonic data from a refueling outage in spring 2012 determined a 1/4" flaw was inside the 6"-thick Reactor Pressure Vessel Head. The flaw was near the nozzle for a control rod drive mechanism and attributed to primary water stress corrosion cracking, though no actual leakage was detected. Due to high radiation levels, the repairs required robotic aid.

References

External links

 Harris Energy and Environmental Center
 NRC treatise on circuit integrity measures, including Shearon Harris
 NRC Public Information regarding the Units 2 & 3 Expansion Proposal
 Nuclear Regulatory Commission approves construction of first nuclear units in 30 years
 INDY News article about local opposition to NRC safety oversight
 http://www.nukeworker.com/pictures/thumbnails-101.html
 Harris 1 – Quarterly Performance Summary (NRC)
 http://www.wral.com/shearon-harris-nuclear-plant-to-test-sirens-in-apex-after-false-alarm/17280701/

Energy infrastructure completed in 1987
Towers completed in 1987
Nuclear power stations using AP1000 reactors
Towers in North Carolina
Buildings and structures in Wake County, North Carolina
Nuclear power plants in North Carolina
Nuclear power stations using pressurized water reactors
Nuclear power stations with proposed reactors
1987 establishments in North Carolina

Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant


Gotski rat (367. – 369.)
 Gotski rat (376. – 382.)
 Gotski rat (401. – 403.)
 Vizigotski rat (436.)
 Gotski rat (535. – 554.)

Gotski rat


بلبا هو اسم سلسلة أقمار اصطناعية ثابتة بالنسبة للأرض للاتصالات السلكية واللاسلكية الداخلية التابعة لإندونيسيا، وصنعتها شركة بوينغ.

أطلق القمر الاصطناعي الأول في 8 يوليو 1976 بواسطة صاروخ حامل أمريكي، أوصله إلى موضع خط الطول 83° فوق المحيط الهندي، وهذا هو أول قمرين اصطناعيين من نوع إتش أس - 333، تصل كتلته نحو 574 كيلوجرام.

بلبا بي 2، أطلق في 3 فبراير 1984 بواسطة تشالنجر في نفس الوقت مع وستار 6، لم ينجح القمر الأخير في الوصول إلى مداره بسبب عجز المحرك. استرجعا القمران إلى مدار منخفض حول الأرض في 12 نوفمبر 1984، وتم إرجاعهما إلى الأرض بواسطة المكوك ديسكوفري حيث خرج منها رائد الفضاء «جوزيف ألان» مرتديا وحدة مأهولة للمناورة للإمساك وإعادة بلبا بي-2 إلى مكوك الفضاء، ثم خرج رائد الفضاء الثاني «دال جاردنر» مرتديا الوحدة الأخرى للمناورة وأعاد وستار 6 إلى المكوك. وعاد المكوك ديسكوفري إلى الأرض بهما لإصلاحهما. وبعد الصيانة وإعادة التأهيل، أعيد إطلاق بلبا بي 2 بواسطة صاروخ أمريكي في 13 أبريل 1990.
بلبا دي، طلبته الشركة الإندونيسية (PT Indosat Tbk) في 29 يونيو 2007 من شركة طاليس ألينا سبايس. ويسمى سبايس باص 400 بي 3 الذي تمت مراجعته من قبل مركز الفضاء كان موندليو.

مراجع

اقرأ أيضا
 صاروخ حامل
 قمر صناعي
 وحدة مأهولة للمناورة

وصلات خارجية
 صفحة غزنتر للفضاء، معلومات حول بلبا
 بلبا آي على موقع البوينغ

الاتصالات في إندونيسيا
أقمار اصطناعية
أقمار اصطناعية للاتصالات
برنامج إندونيسيا الفضائي
بوينغ
تأسيسات سنة 1976 في إندونيسيا

بلبا


Lucky Luke, auch Lucky Luke – Der einsame Cowboy, ist eine 2009 entstandene Realverfilmung der bekannten gleichnamigen Comicserie von Morris. Regie führte James Huth, in der Hauptrolle spielte Jean Dujardin. Die Außenaufnahmen der 27-Millionen-Euro-Produktion entstanden während vier Monaten in Argentinien. Die deutschsprachige Erstaufführung war Ende Oktober 2010 auf DVD.

Handlung
Der einsame Cowboy Lucky Luke, der schneller zieht als sein Schatten, wird vom amerikanischen Präsidenten höchstselbst beauftragt, in dem Städtchen Daisy Town, das durch seine Lage an der Eisenbahnstrecke Anziehungspunkt für manches Gelichter ist, für die Wiederherstellung von Gesetz und Ordnung zu sorgen. Nach einem ersten Streit mit Todesfolge für seinen Gegner entwickelt er Skrupel, doch mit Hilfe von zwei Frauen und seinem sprechenden Pferd Jolly Jumper kann er seine Mission erfüllen. Im Laufe der Geschichte begegnet er Jesse James, Calamity Jane, Belle Starr und Billy the Kid.

Kritik
Während die Cahiers du cinéma den Film nicht rezensierten, fragte Positif, ob man sich hier als erwachsener Zuschauer schneller als sein Schatten verziehen sollte. Das sehr langatmige Drehbuch gebe sich damit zufrieden, stereotype Situationen aneinanderzureihen, die als Vorwand für Grimassen in überdeutlichen Haltungen dienten, und die Bilder plagiierten Spiel mir das Lied vom Tod und andere Westernklassiker. Laut Les Echos kommt das Drehbuch nicht auf die Sprünge; die Schwäche des Films liege im anhaltenden Eindruck des Déjà-vu. Nur die Darsteller retteten das Vorhaben vor dem völligen Untergang. In L'Express hieß es, der Film wisse nicht, welchem Genre er sich widmen soll und habe kein Drehbuch, das diese Bezeichnung verdiene. Immerhin weise er gelungene Dekors auf, satte Bilder, einige Pointen und einen glaubhaften Dujardin. Le Point vermisste die "dummen Kräfte" der Comicreihe, nämlich die Daltons und Rantanplan. Frankreich habe den Western nicht in den Genen, so dass nur die Möglichkeit der Parodie bleibe, was soweit gelinge; leider mische sich manchmal der Geist des Ernsthaften darunter. Die Erzählung entscheide sich nicht zwischen Spaghetti-Western und einem gebrochenen Helden. Das Aufgebot der Figuren Billy the Kid, Calamity Jane, Jesse James und Pat Poker mache sie zu einer Rumpelkammer, und sie schieße in alle Richtungen. Trotz guter Absichten schaffe der Film Verwirrung.

Das Lexikon des internationalen Films lobte, dass "sich die Grenzen zwischen rasantem Genrefilm und pop-theoretischer Parodie spielerisch reizvoll verschieben." Kino.de beschrieb Lucky Luke als "Gratwanderung zwischen respektvoller Parodie, entfesseltem Slapstick, surrealem Peyote-Trip und Hommage an den klassischen Italowestern."

Cinema fand das Werk "schrill, bunt und schräg".

Prisma urteilte über die "poppige Westernparodie": "Auch wenn die Geschichte nur als dünner Faden für spaßige Nummern dient, sorgen die tollen Bilder und mitunter bemerkenswerten Spezial-Effekte für gute Unterhaltung."

Weblinks

 Eintrag zum Film bei allociné

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 2009
Französischer Film
Argentinischer Film
Filmkomödie
Film über Lucky Luke

Lucky Luke (2009)


A lista das músicas brasileiras mais regravadas foi feito com base em dados do Escritório Central de Arrecadação e Distribuição (ECAD), que é o órgão responsável por captar e distribuir valores pagos pela execução de canções em eventos e nos mais diversos tipos de mídia.

Lista de 2022

Lista de 2021

Listas de música do Brasil
ECAD

Lista das músicas brasileiras mais regravadas


is a Japanese boy band made up of lead vocalist, Issa Hentona and MCs Ken Okumoto, Yukinari Tamaki and Shinobu Miyara. The band formed as students at Okinawa Actors School in 1996. They made their debut on the Avex Trax subsidiary avex tune under the guidance of producer Akio Togashi on June 11, 1997, with "Feelin' Good - It's Paradise". As one of the few male bands unassociated with Johnny's Entertainment, they were the first to gain major popularity reaching their peak in 2001 with the release of Da Best of Da Pump.

On April 7, 2006, Shinobu formally left the band following a hiatus due to a drunk driving incident in 2005. The band went on an unofficial hiatus at the end of 2006. On December 18, 2008, it was announced that Yukinari was leaving the band and that Ken and Issa were actively looking for his replacement. Within hours, their management company announced a brand new Da Pump with seven new members and a new concept as a multimedia entertainment group. The band will start their official comeback on July 15, 2009, with the new single, "Summer Rider" and a tour in the fall. It was announced on December 5, 2009, that Ken Okumoto had left Da Pump to pursue a solo career, leaving Issa the only original member left. Da Pump now consists of Issa, Kenzo, Tomo, Kimi, Yori, and U-Yeah.

Da Pump made their comeback in May 2018 with the hit single, "U.S.A.", a song originally written by Italian singer Joe Yellow.

Biography
Famed for their ability in both dancing and singing, Da Pump's debut came in 1997, with the song "Feelin Good - It's Paradise" and breaking through with "Rhapsody in Blue" (and using the song as their entry on the "white" team during the 1998 Kōhaku Uta Gassen). The band originally came from Okinawa Actors School but are now part of the Avex Network and are produced by Akio Togashi. Their songs tend to have a quick tempo and often include elements of rap. Da Pump often appears in TV shows, movies, and magazines throughout Japan.

Issa has stated that he is a fan of the long-running Kamen Rider Series tokusatsu programs, and has contributed to the soundtracks of Kamen Rider 555 with its opening theme "Justiφ's" and its film's theme "Justiφ's -Accel Mix-" as well as the theme for the film Kamen Rider: The Next, "Chosen Soldier". As a band, Da Pump had performed the theme to the film Kamen Rider: The First, "Bright! our Future", and Issa played the role of a Shocker commander in the film. In 2018, he and Japanese singer Shuta Sueyoshi of AAA fame collaborated on the single Over "Quartzer", the opening theme for the 20th anniversary series of the Kamen Rider franchise, Kamen Rider Zi-O.

Following a DUI arrest in 2005, Shinobu temporarily suspended all activities from the band. However, on 7 April 2006, he officially announced that he left the group. The remaining members of Da Pump  continued with three members. On December 18, 2008, it was announced that Yukinari was leaving the band and that Ken and Issa were actively looking for his replacement. Within hours, their management company announced a brand new Da Pump with seven new members. Ken left the group in 2009.

In 2014, the band returned with their first single in three years, "New Position". Then after an absence of four years, Da Pump returned the hit single, "U.S.A.", in 2018.

To celebrate Trans Media 19th Anniversary, Da Pump was a special performance (alongside Super Junior, Johnny's West, and Eriko Imai), with their single hits Dragon Screamer, Joyfull and Corazon. That means Captain Tsubasa was broadcast back on Trans 7, since September 2020 (before cartoon Treasure Trekkers).

On April 1, 2021, Daichi announced he would be leaving the group by the end of the month due to worsening of his chronic hernia. Later the same day, the Kansai University of Social Welfare posted a music video, in collaboration with DA PUMP, for a song titled "Believe in your dream", co-written by Issa and m.c.A·T.

Members

Current members
  (Born: December 9, 1978) (1996–present)
  (Born: January 21, 1985) (2008–present)
  (Born: February 2, 1981) (2008–present)
  (Born: April 14, 1983) (2008–present)
 YORI (Born: February 9, 1980) (2008–present)
  (Born: September 17, 1983) (2008–present)

Former members
  (Born: February 15, 1980) (1996-2005)
  (Born: November 5, 1978) (1996-2008)
  (Born: December 17, 1979) (1996-2009)
  (Born: March 6, 1984) (2008–2013)
  (Born: December 4, 1988) (2008–2021)

Discography

Studio albums
 1998: Expression
 1999: Higher and Higher!
 2000: Beat Ball
 2002: The Next Exit
 2004: Shippuu Ranbu -Episode II-
 2005: Lequios
 2022: Da Pop Colors

Other albums
 2001: Da Best of Da Pump
 2001: Da Best Remix of Da Pump
 2003: Da Best of Da Pump Japan Tour 2003 Reborn
 2006: Da Best of Da Pump 2+4

Notable singles
 1997: "Feelin' Good -It's Paradise-"
 1999: "We Can't Stop The Music"
 2000: "If..."
 2009: "Summer Rider"
 2014: "New Position"
 2018: "U.S.A."
 2019: "P.A.R.T.Y. ~Universal Festival~"

Solo projects

Issa

Singles
 "Justiφ's" (12 March 2003) - Opening for the series, Kamen Rider 555.
 "Play, This, Satisfy" (23 April 2003)
 "Chosen Soldier" (17 October 2007) - Theme for Kamen Rider The Next
 "Breathe" (22 September 2010,  ISSA × SoulJa)
 "4 chords" (9 March 2011, ISSA × SoulJa)
 "i hate u" (12 October 2011, ISSA × SoulJa + Rola)
 "Over Quartzer" (23 January 2019 (Shuta Sueyoshi feat. ISSA)) - Kamen Rider Zi-O Opening theme
 "Dragon Screamer" (18 November 2001, ISSA} First Opening of Captain Tsubasa: Road to 2002

Albums
 Extension (21 May 2003)
 ISM (29 February 2012, ISSA × SoulJa; with tracks featuring Rola, Next?, Yui Minemura, and Anna Fujita)

Collaborative releases
 MAX / "Emotional History" (14 March 2001)
 "But My Love feat. ISSA"
 Album Christmas Harmony: Vision Factory Presents (21 November 2007)
 "Shiroi Yuki"

Ken

Collaborative releases
 Hiro / Naked and True (7 August 2002)
 "Crazy feat. Ken"
 Viewtiful Joe (Sotaro feat. Ken) (3 July 2003) Theme of Viewtiful Joe
 "Viewtiful World"
 ZZ / ZZB (14 December 2005)
 "Walk into the light feat. Ken"
 Tamaki Nami / Don't Stay (23 April 2008)
 "Gokigendaze!: Nothing but Something feat. Ken"
 m.c.A.T / Bomb a Head (21 November 1993) Theme of Tenjho Tenge

References

External links
 DA PUMP | Facebook
 Da Pump official site
  Orion, Da Pump personal site
 Da Pump blog

Musical groups established in 1996
Japanese idol groups
Avex Group artists
Japanese hip hop groups
Japanese pop music groups
Musical groups from Okinawa Prefecture
Japanese boy bands
Fantasy on Ice guest artists

Da Pump


Meiodiscus, rod crvenih algi iz porodice Meiodiscaceae, dio reda Palmariales. Postoje dvije priznate vrste, sve su morske

Rod je opisan 1991; tipična vrsta je M. spetsbergensis čiji je tipski lokalitet otok Spitzbergen.

Vrste
 Meiodiscus concrescens (K.M.Drew) P.W.Gabrielson
 Meiodiscus spetsbergensis (Kjellman) G.W.Saunders & McLachlan - tip

Izvori

Meiodiscaceae

Meiodiscus


سيلفان ديبلاس  (4 يناير 1972 في ليون) لاعب كرة قدم فرنسي معتزل كان يجيد اللعب في خط الوسط .

بدأ ديبلاس مسيرته الرياضية في نادي ليون سنة 1991 ثم انتقل إلى نادي مونبلييه سنة 1997 ثم انتقل إلى نادي غينغان سنة 1998 ثم انتقل إلى نادي مارتيغ سنة 2001 وقرر اعتزال لعب كرة القدم بشكل نهائي في سنة 2002 .

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من ليون
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو غينغان
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو أولمبيك ليون
لاعبو مارتيغ
لاعبو منتخب فرنسا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو مونبلييه
مدربو كرة قدم فرنسيون
مواليد 1972
مواليد في ليون
لاعبو كرة قدم من ليون

سيلفان ديبلاس


Dynamite Chicken is a 1971 American comedy film. Described in its opening credits as "an electronic magazine of American pop culture," it presents a series of interviews, stand-up comedy, countercultural sketches, documentary segments, and agitprop relating to the peace movement, based around a stream of consciousness free form format.

Inspired by his experience making the TV documentary This is Marshall McLuhan for NBC, director Ernest Pintoff envisioned Dynamite Chicken as a collage to capture the hot-button issues of the moment. "I became interested in McLuhan and his theories of bombarding the audience with images...it seems to me the best way to impart a maximum of information to people."

The original segments involving Richard Pryor, Paul Krassner, the comedy group Ace Trucking Co., and other figures, were shot in 1969 and mostly improvised. Archival footage of other major celebrities of the day and repurposed film trailers is peppered throughout. The total budget for the production was $225,000.

He would state, "There's no message in the film, except for my point of view when I was making it." In another interview, he explained the title by saying, "I overheard someone say, 'I make dynamite chicken.' I liked it. You know, a chicken seems so little and the other so explosive. It's a silly title that doesn't mean too much. The film doesn't mean too much either. I hope people will respond. I had fun making it."

Sketches
 Cold Opening - a text crawl in a typewriter-style font details a complaint filed with the American Civil Patrol about a Richard Pryor performance and the offensive words used therein, including "fart," followed by Pryor delivering jokes about farts in a playground. (There is a copyright line in the text crawl for "Through a Looking Glass Productions" with a Roman-numeraled credit year of 1982, suggesting this may be a new addition to the previous edit created by Pintoff in 1970, possibly added by Seymour Borde & Associates)
 Introduction - an overweight man (George Memmoli) exits an SRO hotel, underscored by "Also sprach Zarathustra*, and while walking away, scratches his rear end. Pryor then brays the title of the movie, and continues his thoughts. (Pryor material reappears throughout the film)
 Credits - the names of the artists appearing either in original segments or in archive footage play out underscored by "Mummy Doesn't Live Here Anymore (The Chicken Song)" by Tony Hendra & Nick Ullett, periodically intercut with random images and clips. Text proclaims, "A contemporary probe and commentary on the mores and maladies of our age...with schtick, bits, pieces, girls, some hamburger, a little hair, a lady, some fellas, some religious stuff, and a lot of other things."
 Post-Coitum - dim footage and audio initially suggests a couple lighting up cigarettes after sex, but several lighter flashes reveal there are multiple parties in the bed. Performed by Ace Trucking Co.
 Contrasts - Snippets of Sha-Na-Na undercut political sound bites from Paul Krassner, Pryor (performing material later reprised in his segments of Wattstax), and Malcolm X.
 What is Obscene - A naked woman on a stage asks, "What is obscene." The overweight man (Memmoli) from the prologue goes to a phone booth, and attempts an obscene phone call, grunting into the receiver while an operator (Patti Deutsch) attempts to make out where he wants his call. Al Goldstein and Jim Buckley	of Screw Magazine discuss the mandate of their publication. The obscene caller reaches another woman, leaving a message of grunts.
 Prophets - Frank Lauria recites one of his poems.
 Meat and Potatoes - the staff of a Burger King franchise explain the details of what they need to conduct business as a typical day is depicted.
 The New Feminists - an introduction of a tampon removed from its sheath and lit like a firework introduces members of the Redstockings collective discussing sexual inequities.
 Norma Jean - another Frank Lauria poem.
 Actor's Nightmare - Ace Trucking Co. perform a sketch where a talent agent (Fred Willard) and his assistant (Deutsch) are forcefully accosted by a desperate actor (Michael Mislove) looking for work. However, when the agent asks him to do a cold reading from a script about a desperate actor looking for work, the actor is unable to summon the same real-life intensity.
 Andy Warhol tape records Ondine reading from Warhol's book a, A Novel, and interviews members of the Mattachine Society.
 The Groupies - audio excerpts from The Groupies album is played over images of groupies.
 What I'm Doing Here - Leonard Cohen reads his poem.
 Small Spoleto Mantra - Allen Ginsberg reads a poem underscored by Jimi Hendrix's "Foxy Lady" augmented by sexually charged drawings.
 Sex and Art: Audition - a naked actress auditions for Electra, but after delivering lines in a modern New York affect, is dismissed for being "not Greek enough". When given a second read for a Shakespearean play, she is again dismissed for jiggling too much. After a third opportunity for Cinderella, she is rejected for having small breasts.
 The Commercial - Ace Trucking Company perform a sketch where a temperamental fey actor (Bill Saluga) holds up an Aqua Velva commercial by his complaints and inability to appear butch on camera. The sketch is followed by news footage of Joe Namath crying while announcing his retirement.
 Hair - British hairstylist John DeConey discusses the thought process of men choosing to wear their hair long.
 Flag - after an introduction featuring manipulated audio by Richard Nixon, citizens opine on what the American flag means to them.
 Phoebe Zeit-Geist - Michael O'Donoghue narrates a serialized cliffhanger for a bondage-themed comic strip described as "a continuing chronicle of grief, misery, and despair."
 Drug Reunion - Ace Trucking Co. perform a sketch where a hippie (Saluga) is busted by a narcotics officer (Willard) who discovers they were classmates in high school.
 Cojones - O'Donoghue delivers a ultra-masculine pitch for cigarettes.
 Support Your Local Police - two intersecting sketches from The Revolting Theatre, one involving police officer Sgt. Paul (Tuli Kupferberg) demonstrating irritant gases on masked subjects (Lannes Kenfield, Sylvia Topp), while a sponsor, "Yippie Helmets," presents a pitchman (Marshall Efron) demonstrating the destructive abilities of a policeman's truncheon and the protection afforded by his product on a typical Yippie (Lisa Ryan).
 Home of the Brave - the original trailer for the 1949 WWII drama Home of the Brave segues into audio of a segment of Lenny Bruce's "Politics" routine about jingoism, followed by the last portions of Joan Baez performing "Carry it On," and Al Kooper creating feedback on a home stereo system, proclaiming, "And that's how rock'n'roll is born."
 LBJ - Jay Garner portrays President Lyndon B. Johnson while underscored by audio material performed by Lenny Bruce. A snippet of the trailer for One Minute to Zero follows.
 Contrasts/Flag (reprise) - more citizens offer their opinions of patriotism.
 God Loves Rock'n'Roll - a priest (Ron Carey) exits from a limo, and does a freestyle dance in front of New York's St. Patrick Cathedral to the song "God Loves Rock'n'Roll" by Lionel Goldbart.
 Sister Filomena - O'Donoghue introduces "direct from Rome, Italy," Filomena, a stripteasing nun.
 Revolution - musings from Krassner, Pryor, archival footage of John Lennon & Yoko Ono's "Bed-In", and Joan Baez with David Friedman, on leading people.
 Finale - the obscene phone caller (Memmoli) is caught in a phone booth by a detective (Roy Bond). He demands his right to call his lawyer, but upon making the call, only leaves a heavy breathing message.

Cast
(as originally billed in the initial 1971 advertising)
 Paul Krassner
 Richard Pryor
 Patti Deutsch (as Ace Trucking Co.)
 Michael Mislove (as Ace Trucking Co.)
 Bill Saluga (as Ace Trucking Co.)
 George Memmoli (as Ace Trucking Co.)
 Fred Willard (as Ace Trucking Co.)
 Roy Bond (as Ace Trucking Co.)
 Lenny Bruce
 Joan Baez
 Rhinoceros
 Ron Carey
 Tuli Kupferberg
 Sha Na Na
 Allen Ginsberg
 Leonard Cohen
 Malcolm X
 Peter Max

Reception
Dynamite Chicken was originally screened only on college campuses, serviced by specialty company EYR (Educational Youth Recreation), who had also handled initial screenings of L. M. Kit Carson's documentary The American Dreamer. "It was initially booked in 35 schools," Pintoff told San Francisco Examiner film critic Stanley Eichelbaum, "And the response was so good, we thought we should try a theatrical run." The Walter Reade Organization acquired the film and began releasing it in cinemas in January 1971.

The San Francisco Examiner called the film "a blue version of "Laugh-In" that bombards us with a collage of political protest, hip sloganeering and sophomoric nonsense...It strikes me as insincere, inadequate, and superficial in its entire approach to the comedy of dissent." Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times was more positive, saying "Pintoff, always in control of his wide-ranging material, remains an oasis of sanity in the eyes of the storm...Pintoff is fresh and disciplined in the choice of images he bombards us with."

Legacy
The "magazine" format of blending comedy, unusual documentary coverage, and music featured in Dynamite Chicken would serve as the template for the subsequent WNET variety series The Great American Dream Machine, on which Chicken co-star Marshall Efron was a contributing writer. Ken Shapiro, another contributor to the show, would perform a improvisational dance on New York City streets, similar to the Ron Carey priest sketch, in his own comedy project The Groove Tube. Members of Ace Trucking Co. would participate in the 1976 sketch comedy film Tunnel Vision, which featured a stripteasing nun segment similar to the "Sister Filomena" sketch.

In 1982, Seymour Borde & Associates reissued Dynamite Chicken to theatres and drive-ins, with a new ad campaign, poster, and trailer, that focused almost entirely on Richard Pryor's presence, capitalizing on the success of Columbia Pictures' concert film Richard Pryor: Live on the Sunset Strip. Pryor was upset with the campaign's misleading tone suggesting that it was a new film and not a reissue, and that he was the star when his contribution only amounted to 10 total minutes, and initially filed a $6 million lawsuit to stop its distribution until the ads were changed. Los Angeles Superior Court Judge John Cole issued a preliminary restraining order to the distributors on November 13, 1982, and ruled on December 2 in Pryor's favor, saying that the campaign must be corrected to properly reflect Pryor's limited role. Despite the ruling, almost all subsequent video releases of Dynamite Chicken have centered Pryor as a primary star of the film.

See also
 List of American films of 1971

References

External links

1971 films
1971 comedy films
American comedy films
Films directed by Ernest Pintoff
Lenny Bruce
1970s English-language films
1970s American films

Dynamite Chicken


Sagres Portekiz'de Vila do Bispo belediyesine bağlı olan, 34,28 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 1.939 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Vila do Bispo

Sagres (Vila do Bispo)


Csáfordjánosfa é um município da Hungria, situado no condado de Győr-Moson-Sopron. Tem  de área e sua população em 2015 foi estimada em 199 habitantes.

Localidades de Győr-Moson-Sopron

Csáfordjánosfa


Mil Mi-17 ya da Mi-8MT, NATO'daki kod adıyla Hip-H, bir Sovyet taşıma helikopteridir.

Mi-17, Sovyet Mi-8 taşıma helikopterinin daha güçlü motorlarla donatılmış halidir. Mi-8'den farkı kuyruk rotorunun sancak tarafında değil iskele tarafında olmasıdır. Rotorlar, motorlar ve transmisyon üniteleri Mi-14 üzerinden geliştirilmiştir. Mi-17 helikopterleri aynı zamanda arama ve kurtarma çalışmalarında da kullanılmaktadır.

Kullanıcılar

 : - 19

Eski Kullanıcılar
  Mi-8

Ayrıca bakınız
 Mil Moskova Helikopter Fabrikası
 Mihail Mil
 Mil Mi-8
 Mil Mi-24

Mil helikopterleri
Askerî helikopterler

Mil Mi-17


Jiří Justra (født 1938 i Prag, Tjekkoslovakiet) er en tjekkoslovakisk ishockeytræner, som primært arbejdede i Danmark, Tjekkoslovakiet/Tjekkiet og Norge, og som opnåede to Danmarksmesterskaber med Frederikshavn Ishockey Klub i sæsonerne 1988-89 og 1999-2000 som de største resultater i karrieren.

Justra tog en universitetsuddannelse indenfor sport i Tjekkoslovakiet med fodbold og ishockey som speciale. Han blev som træner national mester i Tjekkoslovakiet og assistenttræner for ungdomslandsholdene. I 1977 kom han til Danmark, hvor han i fire sæsoner var træner i Esbjerg IK. Derefter gik turen tilbage til Tjekkoslovakiet, hvor han igen blev juniorlandstræner i et par år og bl.a. vandt sølvmedaljer ved junior-VM i 1987. I 1987 vendte han tilbage til Danmark for at blive træner for Frederikshavn IK, som han førte til klubbens første danmarksmesterskab i sæsonen 1988-89. Efter seks sæsoner i Frederikshavn fulgte fire sæsoner i Odense IK og en enkelt i Aalborg IK, inden han i 1998 vendte tilbage til Frederikshavn IK. Hans anden periode i klubben kulminerede i sæsonen 1999-2000, hvor den med Justra ved roret sikrede sig sit andet DM.

Hefter blev Justra træner for Danmarks U20-landshold i en enkelt sæson, inden han i 2001 overtog cheftrænerposten i Esbjerg IK. Den efterfølgende sæson tilbragte han som assistenttræner i Frederikshavn IK, inden han derefter vendte næsen mod Norge. Justra var træner i Lillehammer IK i 2½ sæson, inden han afsluttede sin trænerkarriere med en kort tredje periode som cheftræner i Frederikshavn White Hawks i efteråret 2006.

Trænerkarriere

Jiří Justra spillede selv ishockey i den tjekkoslovakiske liga i 1960'erne, og han blev uddannet som idrætstræner på Univerzita Karlova i Prag med fodbold og ishockey som speciale. Han startede i 1963 som ungdomstræner i Kladno og fortsatte som træner for militærets sportsklub, Dukla. Derefter var i to sæsoner træner i EK Zell am See i Østrig. I 1972-74 var han igen træner i Tjekkoslovakiet, hvor han blev national mester. Han var endvidere assistenttræner for Tjekkoslovakiets U19-landshold, som blev nr. 2 ved U19-EM i ishockey 1975 og nr. 4 ved U19-EM i ishockey 1976.

I 1977 mødte Jiří Justra den daværende danske landstræner, canadieren Richard David, på et trænerkursus i Prag, hvor Justra var instruktør og repræsentant for Tjekkoslovakiets ishockeyforbund. Justra var interesseret i at prøve sig af i Vesteuropa, så de to trænere aftalte, at hvis tjekkoslovakken fik lov til at rejse til vesten, så kunne han hjælpe med at højne niveauet i dansk ishockey. Det lykkedes for Justra at få myndighedernes tilladelse til at rejse til Danmark i en kort årrække, hvorefter han var forpligtet til at rejse hjem igen.

I efteråret 1977 kom han derfor til Danmark, hvor han blev cheftræner i Esbjerg IK i 1. division. Det blev imidlertid ikke den store sportslige succes, og holdet endte to gange på 7.-pladsen, én gang på 6.-pladsen og én gang på 8.-pladsen i den otte hold store liga. Til gengæld opnåede Justra så meget anerkendelse fra DIU, at han i de to sidste sæsoner kunne supplere sit klubtrænerjob med tjansen som dansk landstræner.

Derefter gik turen tilbage til Tjekkoslovakiet, hvor han primært arbejdede med ungdomsspillerne og bl.a. var chefansvarlig for talentudviklingen, og hvor han endte som cheftræner for juniorlandsholdet ved junior-VM-turneringerne i 1986 og 1987. Ved sidstnævnte opnåede hans hold sølvmedaljer i den famøse turnering, hvor både Canada og Sovjetunionen blev diskvalifieceret efter et masseslagsmål i kampen mellem de to hold.

I 1987 vendte han tilbage til Danmark for at blive træner for Eliteserie-klubben Frederikshavn IK, som han i den første sæson førte til en tredjeplads i grundspillet. I slutspillet for de fire bedste hold blev vendelboerne imidlertid overhalet af Herlev IK og endte derfor lige uden for medaljerækken. I sin anden sæson vandt Frederikshavn IK et forholdsvis jævnbyrdigt grundspil, hvorefter holdet først i semifinalen besejrede Herlev IK med 2-0 i kampe, og derefter AaB Ishockey med 2-0 i kampe, og dermed hjemførte tjekkoslovakken det første danmarksmesterskab i klubbens historie. Den følgende sæson, 1989-90, opnåede klubben DM-medaljer for anden sæson i træk – denne gang af bronze – efter at have tabt med 2-1 i kampe til Herning IK i semifinalen og derefter vundet 2-0 i kampe over HIK i bronzekampen.

Herefter fulgte tre magre sæsoner, hvor klubben to gange endte på sjettepladsen og én gang på syvendepladsen i Eliteseriens grundspil og derfor ikke kvalificerede sig til slutspillet.

Efter seks sæsoner i Frederikshavn fulgte fire sæsoner i Odense IK og en enkelt i Aalborg IK, men i disse sæsoner lykkedes det ikke for Justra at opnå nogen toppplaceringer med sine hold.

I 1998 vendte Jiří Justra tilbage til Frederikshavn IK, og hans anden periode i klubben kulminerede i sæsonen 1999-2000, hvor hvor den med Justra ved roret sikrede sig sit andet danmarksmesterskab. I sæsonen 1998-99 vandt Frederikshavn IK grundspillet men måtte i finalen om danmarksmesterskabet strække våben mod Rødovre SIK, der ellers kun var sluttet på sjettepladsen i grundspillet, men som brillerede i slutspillet og vandt finalen med 3-0 i kampe. Justras tropper opnåede dog revanche året efter, hvor mandskabet igen vandt grundspillet, men hvor det denne gang endte med guldmedaljerne om halsen efter en dramatisk finaleserie mod Herning IK, der først blev afgjort 13 sekunder før udløbet af den forlængede spilletid i den afgørende femte kamp, da Ilja Dubkov scorede til 7-6 og sikrede det andet DM i klubbens historie.

På trods af de fremragende resultater i sæsonerne 1998-99 og 1999-2000, ønskede Frederikshavn Ishockey Klub ikke at forlænge Jiří Justras kontrakt med klubben, som udløb den 1. maj 2000. Allerede den 20. februar 2000 modtog Justra et brev fra klubben med beskeden, og han udtalte nogle år senere, at det derfor var en ekstra stor tilfredsstillelse, at han kort efter vandt DM-guldet med holdet. I stedet blev tjekken U20-landstræner i sæsonen 2000-01.

I 2001 blev Justra træner for Esbjerg IK, som på daværende tidspunkt var inde i en økonomisk krise. Tjekken nåede dog kun en halv sæson i den vestjyske klub, inden han i slutningen af december 2001 blev fyret, fordi spillerne følte sig for fastlåste i hans defensive systemer.

I sæsonen 2002-03 gjorde Justra comeback i Frederikshavn IK, denne gang som assistenttræner for Henrik Christensen.

Derefter fortsatte karrieren i Lillehammer i Norge, hvor han blev træner for byens Eliteserie-hold, Lillehammer IK, i 2½ sæson. I de to første sæsoner blev det til henholdsvis en niende- og en ottendeplads i den ti hold store liga. I begyndelsen af hans tredje sæson, opsagde klubben den 13. oktober 2005 samarbejdet med Justra efter en dårlig sæsonstart med seks nederlag i de ni første kampe.

I foråret 2006 kunne selskabet bag Frederikshavn White Hawks, Elite Nord Frederikshavn A/S, offentliggøre, at man havde skrevet kontrakt med Jiří Justra som cheftræner for de kommende to sæsoner. Tjekkens tredje periode som cheftræner i Frederikshavn blev imidlertid af meget kort varighed. Allerede den 31. oktober 2006 blev Justra fyret på grund af svingende resultater og erstattet af Olaf Eller.

Familie

Jiří Justra er morfar til golfspilleren Lucas Bjerregaard.

Kilder
 EliteProspects - Jiri Justra
 Hockeymagasinet - Medaljeslugeren Jiri Justra (8. februar 2016)
 Nordjyske - En guldtræner siger farvel (1. august 2014)
 Henning Jensen, Jesper Mejer Christensen: 50 års jubilæum på is (Forlaget Historie ApS, 2014)
 Frederik - Manden bag medaljerne (1. september 2006)
 Faceoff - RETRO: Her er manden, der satte Frederikshavn på hockeykortet (29. oktober 2018)

Referencer

Ishockeytrænere

Jiří Justra


Düziçi, Merkez ilçe ve Kadirli'den sonra Osmaniye ilinin en büyük üçüncü ilçesidir. Düziçi Ovası'na kuruludur. Etrafı dağlarla çevrili olan ilçe Osmaniye il merkezine 32 kilometre mesafededir. Bölgede yapılan kazılarda Hititlere ait eserlere rastlanmıştır. İlk defa 8. yüzyılda Harun Reşit'in uç beyi Faraç Bey tarafından kurulan şehir, 1957 yılında belediye oldu ve 1996'da Osmaniye'ye bağlandı. İlçede Akdeniz iklimi görülmekte, bitki örtüsü olarak makiliklere rastlanmaktadır.Toprak türü olarak Terra rosa görülür Harun Reşit Kalesi, Saman Kalesi, Kurtlar Kalesi, Taş Köprü, Haruniye Kaplıcaları ve Düldül Dağı ilçenin önemli turizm merkezleridir.

Tarihçe
Bölgede Hititlere ait eserlere rastlanmıştır. Bu nedenle Düziçi ve çevresinin en eski dönemlerinin Hititlere dayandığı düşünülmektedir.

Bugünkü Düziçi ilk defa 8. yüzyılda Abbasi Halifesi Harun Reşit'in uç beyi Faraç Bey tafarından kuruldu. Faraç Bey, bölgeye bir kale inşa ederek bu bölgeyi yerleşim yeri ilan etti.  Bölgeye 797 yılında Horasan Türkleri iskan ettirilen Düziçi'nin 8.yüzyıldaki adı Şuguru Saimiye olmuştur. 960 yılında şehir, Bizanslıların eline geçti. Sonrasında Hamdaniler tarafından işgal edildi.

Selçuklu Devleti zamanında, Malazgirt Savaşı'ndan sonra bölge hızla Türkleşmeye başlamıştır. Buraya doğudan gelen Türk boyları yerleştirilmiştir. Büyük Selçuklu'nun zayıflamasının ardından doğu seferine çıkan Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti'nin kurucusu Süleyman Şah, Düziçi'ni topraklarına katmıştır. Haçlı Seferleri sonrasında ise bölge kısa süreliğine Haçlıların egemenliğine girmiştir.

20. yy başında kısmen Ermeni yerleşimi.
MS 5. yy'da yazan Kyrrhos'lu (Kilisli) Theodoret, daha önce imp. Neron onuruna Neroniás olarak adlandırılan kentin kendi çağında Eirenópolis (`barışkent`) olarak söylendiğini belirtir. Arap egemenliği döneminde Harûniya, Haçlılar döneminde Erm/Yun Xaronia kullanılmıştır. Halife Harunürreşid'e (h 786-809) atfedilmesi halk etimolojisidir. Kasabanın ermeni nüfusu 1909 olaylarında katliama uğramış, daha sonra burada Alman Misyonerleri tarafından Ermeni Yetimhanesi kurulmuştu

Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti'nin Moğol istilası sonrasında 1308 yılında yıkılmasıyla Dulkadiroğulları Beyliği'nin eline geçmiştir. İlçe, 1516 yılında Osmanlı Hükümdarı Yavuz Sultan Selim'in Mısır Seferi'yle Osmanlı topraklarına katıldı. İdari yapı olarak Maraş Sancağı'na bağlı bir nahiye iken 1878'de Adana'ya bağlanmıştır. I. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra 1919'da Fransız işgaline uğrayan ilçe, Kuvayımilliye'nin desteği ile 28 Mart 1920'de Fransızları yenmiştir.

Coğrafya

Düziçi, Düziçi Ovası'nın kenarında kurulmuştur. Etrafı dağlar ile çevrilidir. Ovanın bulunduğu yerler hariç dağlık ve engebelidir. Osmaniye'nin en yüksek dağı olan Düldül Dağı Düziçi'nde bulunur. İlçenin yüzölçümü 595 km²'dir. En büyük akarsu ilçenin kuzey ve batısındaki sınırı çizen Ceyhan Nehri'dir. Sabun Çayı ile Kızılca, Deliçay, Bağlama, Üzümlü ve Çamiçi dereleri de ilçeden geçen diğer akarsulardır. İlçenin kuzeybatısında Kadirli, kuzeydoğusunda Andırın, doğusunda Amanos Dağları ve Bahçe, güneybatısında ise Merkez ilçe ile çevrilidir.

İklim
Köppen iklim sınıflandırmasına göre Düziçi'nde kışları ılık yazları çok sıcak ve kurak Akdeniz iklimi görülür. Yıllık toplam alansal yağış miktarı 600 mm ile 800 mm arasındadır.

Bitki örtüsü
2013 yılı itibarıyla ilçenin %49'u ormanlık alandır. Düziçi'nin doğal bitki örtüsünü genellikle makiler oluşturur. Rakımı 700-800 metreden fazla olan bölgelerde çam ve yayvan yapraklı ağaçların oluşturduğu ormanlarla karşılaşılır.

Nüfus
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu'nun güncel adrese dayalı nüfus kayıt sistemi verilerine göre Düziçi'ndeki toplam nüfus yaklaşık 85.499 olarak tespit edilmiştir. 2020 yılında yapılan son nüfus sayımına göre ilçede 42.964 erkek, 42.535 kadın yaşamaktadır. İlçede 4 belde, 25 köy, 41 mahalle bulunmaktadır.

Ekonomi

Tarım, hayvancılık ve sanayi
İlçede buğday, mısır, zeytin, yer fıstığı, arpa, yulaf, fiğ, pamuk, tütün, ayçiçeği, nar ve narenciye üretimi yapılmaktadır. Toplam tarım arazisinin çoğunluğunu tarla alanları oluşturmaktadır. 2018 yılı itibarıyla sulanabilecek toplam 162.000 dekarlık tarım arazisinin 94.190 dekarı sulanmaktadır. Sulamanın 90.860 dekarını devlet, 3.330 dekarını ise halk yapmaktadır. Toplam tarım arazisi miktarı 202.341 dekar, çayır mera alanı ise 2.380 dekardır. 2020 yılında ise Düziçi'nde kullanılabilecek toplam tarım arazisi miktarı 205.460 dekara çıkmıştır.

Kültür ve Turizm
Düziçi ilçesindeki önemli yapılar Harun Reşit Kalesi, Saman Kalesi, Kurtlar Kalesi ve Fettahoğluları ailesinden Mehmet Bey tarafından inşa edilen Taş Köprü'dür. Düldül Dağı eteklerine kurulu olan Haruniye Kaplıcaları bölgedeki önemli termal turizm merkezlerindendir. Karasu Şelalesi, Düldül Dağı ve Dumanlı Yaylası ise ilçenin önemli doğal güzellikleridir. Berke Barajı ise su tutma kapasitesi bakımından ilçenin en büyük, ilin ise en büyük ikinci barajıdır.

Önemli turizm merkezleri
Harun Reşit Kalesi: Düziçi ilçesinin 3 km kuzeydoğusunda Kurtbeyoğlu Mahallesi'nde bulunmaktadır. Kale, Faraç Bey tarafından bölgedeki önemli ticaret yollarını korumak amacıyla 799 yılında yaptırıldı. Askeri açıdan önem taşıyan kale, sırasıyla Bizanslıların, Selçukluların, Memlukların, Mısırların ve Osmanlıların eline geçmiştir. Doğal kayalıklar üzerine inşa edilmiştir.

Haruniye Kaplıcaları: Düziçi ilçesinin 15 km kuzeyinde Kuşçu köyünde, Düldül Dağı eteklerinde yer almaktadır. Termal su; kalsiyum, magnezyum, bikarbonat gibi mineraller içermektedir.

Düldül Dağı: 2448 metre yüksekliği ile Amanos Dağları'nın en yüksek zirvesidir. Dağa üç istasyonlu ve toplam 6 km uzunluğa sahip bir teleferik yapılmaktadır. Teleferik, şehir merkezinden 8 km uzaklıkta olacaktır. Proje ile turizm potansiyelinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Yönetim
İlçede belediye teşkilatı 1957 yılında "Haruniye Belediyesi" adıyla kurulmuştur. 1983 yılında Hacılar ile birleşerek Düziçi adını aldı. 1996'da Osmaniye'nin il olmasıyla Osmaniye'ye bağlandı. Şu anda görevde bulunan Düziçi belediye başkanı ise AK Parti'li Alper Öner'dir.

Eğitim
İlçe merkezinde 1 fen lisesi, 3 Anadolu lisesi, 1 Anadolu imam hatip lisesi, 4 mesleki ve teknik Anadolu lisesi, 6 özel lise; Ellek beldesinde 1 Anadolu lisesi ve 1 çok programlı Anadolu lisesi olmak üzere toplam 17 lise vardır. Ayrıca ilçede 3 anaokulu, 1 tanesi özel 41 ilkokul, 1 tanesi özel, 1 tanesi yatılı 23 ortaokul da bulunmaktadır. İlçe genelinde özel okullar da dahil toplam 84 ilköğretim ve ortaöğretim okulu vardır. 2000 yılında Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi'ne bağlı olarak kurulan ve 2007'de Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi'ne bağlanan bir adet meslek yüksekokulu da mevcuttur.

Sağlık
2019 yılı itibarıyla ilçede bir tanesi özel hastane, bir tanesi de devlet hastanesi olmak üzere toplam iki tane hastane vardır. Aynı zamanda 27 aile hekimliği birimi, 10 aile sağlığı merkezi, 9 sağlık merkezi de bulunmaktadır. İlçedeki eczane sayısı ise 26'dır.

Altyapı

Ulaşım
İlçe kara yolu ile Osmaniye'nin merkezine 33 km, Adana'ya 117 km, Hatay'a 163 km, Gaziantep'e 115 km, Kahramanmaraş'a 87 km, Antalya'ya 672 km İstanbul'a 1053 km, Ankara'ya 588 km mesafededir.

İlçeye ulaşım çoğunlukla  kara yolu ve  otoyolu ile yapılmaktadır. D-400 kara yolunun 21. bölgesinden ayrılan  kara yolu ile veya O-52 otoyolunun  kavşağı ile ilçeye ulaşım sağlanabilir. Onun dışında ilçeye havayolunu ile gelmeyi tercih edenler uçakla Kahramanmaraş Havalimanı (93 km) ve Adana Şakirpaşa Havalimanı'na (120 km) gelip ilçeye kara yolu ile ulaşımaktadır. Demiryolu ile ulaşımda ise Adana-Halep demiryolu'nun Yarbaşı Tren İstasyonu (6 km) kullanılmaktadır.

Notlar

Kaynakça

Özel

Genel

Düziçi


Fraunhof ist der Name folgender Orte:

 Fraunhof (Gemeinde Schardenberg), Ortschaft der Gemeinde Schardenberg, Bezirk Schärding, Oberösterreich
 Fraunhof (Gemeinde St. Aegidi), Ortschaft der Gemeinde St. Aegidi, Bezirk Schärding, Oberösterreich

Siehe auch:
 Frauenhof (Begriffsklärung)
 Fraunhofen
 Frauenhofen
 Fraunhofer

Fraunhof


"Miss Univers România 2010" Finala națională a Miss Univers România a avut loc vineri și a fost transmisă în direct de TVR 1 și TVRi. Prezentatorii finalei au fost Valentina Ionescu și Cristian Mândru.

destinație de plasare

judecători
Mike Costache - președinte Miss Universe România
Iulia Verdeș - Miss Univers România 1998
Diana Urdăreanu - Miss Univers România 1997
Cristi Țopescu - Manager Residence Hotels
Elena Stoichiță - redactor șef OK! Magazine României
Monica Grosu Tusac - Miss Univers România 1995
Angelica Nicoară - Miss Univers România 1993
Laura Coroianu - director general Emagic
Daniel Roberts - proprietar Romanian International Bank Merchants Bank of California

Legături externe

Concursuri de frumusețe din România
2010 în România

Miss Univers România 2010


Inés María Calero Rodríguez (Punta de Piedras, 21 de marzo de 1969) es una modelo y actriz venezolana, ganadora del certamen de Miss Venezuela 1987.

Biografía
Inés María Calero nació en Punta de Piedras, Estado Nueva Esparta, Venezuela el 21 de marzo de 1969, pero se crio en la ciudad de Caracas, tiene ascendencia española de parte materna.

Vida personal
En 1993, contrajo nupcias con el "Astro del Merengue" Miguel Moly y de esa unión tiene dos hijos: el también cantante venezolano Jonathan Moly y Marinés Estefanía Moly. Él y Inés María Calero se divorciaron en el año 2016 después de 23 años de casados, actualmente reside en los Estados Unidos en la ciudad de Miami.

Carrera
En 1987, participó en el Miss Venezuela representando al estado Nueva Esparta. El concurso se efectuó el viernes 6 de febrero de 1987, en el Teatro Municipal de Caracas y contó con la participación de 23 aspirantes al título. En dicha edición, Calero se alzó con la corona y obtuvo, además, el título de Miss Fotogénica. Medía 1.79 m de estatura y sus medidas eran 89-59-89. Seguidamente, acudió al Miss Sudamérica 1987, celebrado en Cartagena, Colombia en el cual obtuvo la banda de segunda finalista. Posteriormente, asistió al Miss Universo 1987, efectuado en el World Tralde Center de Singapur y clasificó como tercera finalista. En 1988, entregó su corona como Miss Venezuela y se dedicó a la actuación en diversos dramáticos de RCTV y Venevisión.

Telenovelas

Véase también
 Anexo:Ganadoras y finalistas de Miss Venezuela
 Reina Sudamericana 1987

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Venezuelatuya.com Miss Venezuela: Una historia de éxitos

Actores de televisión de Venezuela
Neoespartanos
Ganadoras de Miss Venezuela
Delegadas de Miss Universo 1987
Finalistas de Miss Universo

Inés María Calero


Ariane Ascaride (Marsella, 10 de octubre de 1954) es una actriz francesa.

Premios y nominaciones
Festival Internacional de Cine de Venecia

Casada con el director de cine francés Robert Guédiguian, ha protagonizado muchas de sus películas: en 1998 ganó el premio César a la mejor actriz por su papel en Marius y Jeannette. También consiguió el galardón a la mejor actriz de la Seminci en 2000 por su interpretación en La ciudad está tranquila y en 2006 se alzó con el premio a la mejor actriz del Festival de Cine de Roma por su papel en Le Voyage en Arménie.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Actores de cine de Francia
Ganadores del premio César
Nacidos en Marsella

Ariane Ascaride


Catedrala "Schimbarea la Față" din Tighina este o catedrală ortodoxă și, totodată un monument de arhitectură din municipiul Tighina, Republica Moldova. Administrativ ține de Eparhia Tiraspolului și Dubăsariului, a Mitropoliei Chișinăului și a întregii Moldove.

Istoric

Secolul al XIX-lea
Istoria catedralei începe pe la 1814, când șefii de inginerie a cetății Tighina încep lucrările de îndepărtare urbanistică a orașului de la zidurile cetății, cu 600 m spre sud pentru a crea astfel o esplanadă sub zidurile cetății. Aflate pe locul actualului lăcaș, bisericile de lemn "Sf. Nicolae" și "Adormirea Maicii Domnului", din cauza stării precare, s-au dărâmat în timpul lucrărilor de strămutare. Astfel, ajungându-se la decizia cu privire la construirea pe locul fostelor cazarme turcești a unei noi biserici cu hramul "Transfigurării Domnului".

La 22 august 1815, în timpul unei parade militare, în prezența locuitorilor orașului, a avut loc punerea pietrei de temelie a catedralei. Proiectul lăcașului a fost pregătit de către un membru al dicasterului spiritual al Chișinăului, Arhimandritul Ioaniche. În 1820, lucrările de construcție au fost finalizate, iar în 1832 a fost finalizată construcția turnului clopotniței.

Executată în cadrul clasicismului arhitectural rus cu elemente tradiționale populare Moldovei, catedrala se diferenția prin concizie, impunerea monumentalității, și a contrastului subliniat pe suprafața pereților și coloanelor ei; printre altele, cupola principală a catedralei a fost construită sub forma unei căști tipică războinicilor ruși din vechime, numiți și bogatîri.

Secolul al XX-lea
Între anii 1918–1944 (cu excepția perioadei sovietice în 1940–41) parohia catedralei a ținut de Mitropolia Basarabiei a Bisericii Române.

Bibliografie
 Бендеры. Прошлое, настоящее, будущее / Автор-составитель А. Паламарь. — Тирасполь: Тритон, 1998. — 70 с.
 Гавриленко Н. Преображенский собор — ровесник града православного // Приднестровье. — 2004. — 25 августа.
 Парапир В. Возрождение храма [Духовные ценности] // Новое время. — 1999. — 19 сентября.
 Перстнев В. Он памятник себе воздвиг нерукотворный: [События и комментарии] // Новая газета. — 1998. — 30 октября

Fondări în 1820
Catedrale din Republica Moldova
Clădiri și structuri din Tighina
Monumente de arhitectură din Bender
Monumente de artă din Republica Moldova
Biserici cu hramul Schimbarea la Față

Catedrala Schimbarea la Față din Tighina


Dirijorul este un film românesc din 1964 regizat de Paul Barbăneagră.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1964 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1964

Dirijorul (film)


Bătălia de la Bicocca a fost o bătălie între trupele franceze ale regelui Francisc I și cele ale împăratului Carol Quintul, desfășurată în Bicocca, la nord de Milano, la 27 aprilie 1522.

Trupele franceze și venețiene, sub comanda lui Odet de Foix, au fost învinse de către o armată formată din trupe spaniole, ale Sfântului Imperiului Roman și pontificale sub comanda lui Prospero Colonna. Cu această ocazie, Odet de Foix a fost nevoit să se retragă din Lombardia, iar Ducatul de Milano a intrat sub stăpânirea Împăratului.

Un rol important l-au jucat trupele Confederației Vechi a Elveției aflate sub comanda lui Albrecht vom Stein din Berna, Arnold Winkelried din Unterwalden și Ulrich von Sax, din St. Gallen, care au luptat  de partea armatei franceze, învinse fiind însă de către forțele imperiale conduse de Prospero Colonna. Această înfrângere s-a datorat în principal superiorității archebuzierilor și a artileriei spaniole față de halebardierii elvețieni.

Secretarul regimentului trupelor elvețiene a fost Niklaus Manuel, cel care mai târziu va deveni dramaturg, grafician, pictor, reformator și om de stat.

Referințe

Bibliografie
 Hans Delbrück: Geschichte der Kriegskunst. Die Neuzeit. Nachdruck der ersten Auflage von 1920. Nikol, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-933203-76-7.
 Michael Mallett, Christine Shaw: The Italian Wars 1494–1559: War, State and Society in Early Modern Europe. Pearson, Harlow 2012, ISBN 978-0-582-05758-6

Legături externe

1522
Bătăliile Sfântului Imperiu Roman
Bătăliile Franței
Bătăliile Spaniei

Bătălia de la Bicocca


An Dryadella butcheri in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carlyle August Luer. An Dryadella butcheri in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dryadella, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Panamá. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dryadella

Dryadella butcheri


1802 (MDCCCII) yılı Gregoryen takvimine göre Cuma ve Jülyen takvimine göre Çarşamba günü başlayan bir yıldır.

Olaylar
 Fransız İhtilali (1792-1802)
 Napolyon Savaşları (1799-1815)
 16 Mart - United States Military Academy (Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Askeri Akademisi) kuruldu.
 25 Mart/27 Mart - Fransa ile Birleşik Krallık arasında imzalana Amiens Antlaşması ile Napolyon Savaşları sona erdi.
 28 Mart - Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers Pallas astreoidini keşfetti.
 Temmuz - Eleuthère Irénée du Pont, DuPont Company firmasını kurdu.
 3 Eylül - William Wordsworth "Westminster Bridge" şiirini yayımladı.
 Marie Tussaud ünlü Wax müzesini Londra'da açtı.
 Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus ilk kez biyoloji terimini kullandı.
 Thomas Wedgwood dünyanın ilk fotoğrafını üretti, fakat görüntüyü sabitlemeyi başaramıyordu ve görüntü kısa sürede solup gidiyordu.
 William Symington ilk başarılı vapuru üretti, Charlotte Dundas.
 Ludwig van Beethoven, kendi eseri olan Ayışığı Sonatı'nı ilk kez çaldı.
 Dünya nüfusu 1 milyar kişiye ulaştı.

Doğumlar

Ocak-Haziran
 3 Ocak – Charles Pelham Villiers, İngiliz politikacı (ö. 1898)
 10 Ocak – Carl Ritter von Ghega, Arnavut asıllı Venedikli yol mühendisi (ö. 1860)
 22 Ocak – Richard Upjohn, İngiliz-Amerikan mimar (ö. 1878)
 6 Şubat – Charles Wheatstone, İngiliz fizikçi, mucit (ö. 1875)
 11 Şubat – Lydia Maria Child, Amerikan kölelik karşıtı yazar (ö. 1880)
 15 Şubat – Jean-Jacques Uhrich, Fransız komutan (ö. 1886)
 16 Şubat – Phineas Quimby, Amerikan fizikçi (ö. 1866)
 19 Şubat – Wilhelm Matthias Naeff, İsviçre Federal Meclis Üyesi (ö. 1881)
 26 Şubat - Victor Hugo, Fransız yazar (ö. 1885)
7 Mart - Edwin Henry Landseer, İngiliz ressam (ö. 1873)
 25 Mart – Maria Silfvan, Finlandiyalı aktör (ö. 1865)
 27 Mart  – Charles-Mathias Simons, Lüksemburg Başbakanı (ö. 1874)
 4 Nisan – Dorothea Dix, Amerikan aktivist (ö. 1887)
 9 Nisan – Elias Lönnrot, Finlandiya ulusal destanı olan Kalevala'yı yazan Finlandiyalı folklorcu, filolog  (ö. 1884)
 2 Mayıs  – Heinrich Gustav Magnus, Alman kimyager, fizikçi (ö. 1870)
 26 Mayıs  – Karl Ferdinand Ranke, Alman eğitmen (ö. 1876)
 12 Haziran – Harriet Martineau, İngiliz sosyal teorisyen, yazar (ö. 1876)

Temmuz-Aralık
 5 Temmuz(E.U. 23 Haziran) -  Pavel Nahimov Rus amiral (ö. 1855)
 24 Temmuz - Alexandre Dumas, père, Fransız yazar (ö. 1870)
26 Temmuz - Mariano Arista, Meksika Başkanı (ö. 1855)
 4 Ağustos – Joseph Bonnell, Teksas Devrimi kahramanı (ö. 1840)
 5 Ağustos - Niels Henrik Abel, Norveçli matematikçi (ö. 1829)
 31 Ağustos – Karl von Urban, Avusturyalı mareşal (ö. 1877)
 19 Eylül – Lajos Kossuth, Macar politikacı (ö. 1894)
 30 Eylül – Antoine Jérôme Balard, Fransız kimyager (ö. 1876)
 31 Ekim - Benoît Fourneyron, Fransız mühendis (ö. 1867)
 9 Kasım – Elijah P. Lovejoy, Amerikan kölelik karşıtı (ö. 1837)
 19 Kasım – Solomon Foot, Amerikan politikacı (ö. 1866)
 29 Kasım - Wilhelm Hauff, Alman yazar (ö. 1827)
15 Aralık - Janos Bolyai, Macar matematikçi (ö. 1860)
 23 Aralık – Sara Coleridge, İngiliz akademisyen (ö. 1852)

Ölümler

Ocak-Haziran
 18 Ocak – Antoine Darquier de Pellepoix, Fransız gök bilimcidir. 1779 yılında Halka Bulutsusu'nu keşfetmiştir (d. 1718).
 2 Şubat – Welbore Ellis,  İngiliz devlet adamı (d. 1713)
 3 Şubat – Pedro Rodríguez, Campomanes Kontu, İspanyol devlet adamı, yazar (d. 1723)
 10 Şubat – Samuel Phillips Jr., Massachusetts vali yardımcısı (d. 1752)
 26 Şubat – Esek Hopkins, Amerikan Devrimi amirali (d. 1718)
 13 Nisan – Charles Moss, İngiliz piskopos (d. 1711)
 18 Nisan – Erasmus Darwin, İngiliz fizikçi ve botanikçi (d. 1731)
 26 Nisan  – Edmund Nelson (din adamı), İngiliz rahip (d. 1722)
 9 Mayıs – Erik Magnus Staël von Holstein, İsveçli elçi (d. 1749)
 22 Mayıs – Martha Washington, Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinin ilk First Lady'si (d. 1731)

Temmuz-Aralık
 6 Temmuz – Daniel Morgan, Amerikan öncü, Virginialı kongre üyesi, ve komutan (d. 1736)
 22 Temmuz – Xavier Bichat, Fransız anatomist ve patolog (d. 1771)
 24 Temmuz – Joseph Ducreux, Fransız soylu, portre ressamı, pastel ressamı, minyatürcü, ve oymacı (d. 1735)
 25 Temmuz – Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal, Mainz Başpiskoposu (d. 1719)
 10 Ağustos - Franz Maria Aepinus, Alman fizikçi ve matematikçi (d. 1724)
 19 Eylül – Luisa, Napoli ve Sicilyanın Prensesi (d. 1773)
 26 Eylül – Jurij Vega, Slovenyalı matematikçi, fizikçi, ve asker (d. 1754)
 5 Ekim – Suzanne Bélair, Haitili ulusal kahraman (d. 1781)
 8 Ekim – Emmanuele Vitale, Maltalı askeri lider (d. 1758)
 31 Ekim – Sir William Parker İngiliz amiral (d. 1743)
 9 Kasım – Thomas Girtin, İngiliz artist (d. 1775)
 15 Kasım – George Romney, İngiliz artist (d. 1734)
 16 Kasım – André Michaux, Fransız botanikçi (d. 1746)
 5 Aralık – Lemuel Francis Abbott, İngiliz portre ressamı (d. 1716)
 31 Aralık – Francis Lewis, Amerikan Bağımsızlık Bildirisini imzalayan kişi (d. 1713)

1802


Der Tschechische Film spielt im europäischen Kino eine herausragende Rolle. So ist Tschechien und früher die Tschechoslowakei die Heimat bedeutender Filmregisseure und Filmproduktionen. In Prag befinden sich die Filmstudios Barrandov – eines der größten und ältesten Filmstudios Europas.

Geschichte

Anfänge

1896, ein Jahr nachdem die Gebrüder Lumière die ersten Filme vorführten, wurden in Karlsbad und Prag die ersten Filme gezeigt. 1897 entstand der erste in den böhmischen Ländern gedrehten Film, als die Amerikaner Marc Klaw und Abraham Erlanger die Höritzer Passionsspiele aufzeichneten.  Ein Pionier des tschechischen Stummfilms war Jan Kříženecký. Den ersten Kinosaal in Prag eröffnete Viktor Ponrepo 1904. Jiří Menzels Komödie Die wunderbaren Männer mit der Kurbel aus dem Jahr 1978 handelt von den Anfängen des tschechischen Films.

Zwischenkriegszeit und Besatzung

Mit der Gründung der Tschechoslowakei nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg begann sich ein starker eigenständiger Filmsektor zu entwickeln. Mit dem Beginn des Tonfilms  Regisseure Martin Frič, Karel Lamač, Gustav Machatý, dessen Film Ekstase (1933) ob seiner für damalige Begriffe gewagten Erotik internationales Aufsehen erregte. Der erste tschechische Filmstar auf der internationalen Bühne war Anny Ondra, in der heimischen Filmwelt wurde Vlasta Burian als "König der Komiker" gefeiert. 1933 nahmen die mit modernster Technik ausgestatteten Filmstudios Barrandov ihren Betrieb auf. Bekannte Regisseure und Schauspieler und der Zeit waren Josef Rovenský, Hugo Haas, Lída Baarová und Adina Mandlová. Das für ihr Avantgardetheater bekannte Schauspielerduo Voskovec und Werich traten auch in Filmen auf.

Die deutsche Besatzung nach der Zerschlagung der Tschechoslowakei brachte für den hochentwickelten tschechischen Film deutliche Einschränkungen. Tschechische Filme wurden zensiert und ihre Produktionsmittel stark eingeschränkt. 1941 wurde die Produktionsgesellschaft Prag-Film gegründet, die die nationalsozialistische Filmpolitik betrieb. Regisseure wie Frič und František Čáp waren unter der Besatzung tätig, der tschechische Schauspielstar der 1940er Jahre ist Oldřich Nový.

Nachkriegszeit
1946 wurde die Filmfakultät der Prager Akademie der musischen Künste gegründet und das Filmfestival in Marienbad eröffnet, das 1950 nach Karlsbad verlegt wurde. Das Internationale Filmfestival Karlovy Vary gehört somit zu den ältesten seiner Art.

Nach dem Februarumsturz der Kommunistischen Partei war die Filmproduktion erneut durch Zensur und ideologische Vorgaben eingeschränkt. Es ist die Zeit zahlreicher außergewöhnlicher Trickfilme, ein unverfängliches Genre. Der animierte Trickfilm griff auf die Tradition des Marionettentheaters zurück. Die Regisseurin Hermína Týrlová leistete schon vor dem Krieg Pionierarbeit im Bereich des Puppenfilms und schuf innovative Kurzfilme. Jiří Trnka gilt als der Meister des Puppenfilms. Er produzierte auf diese Weise unter anderem literarische Klassiker für Erwachsene und dystopische Satiren. Zentrum der tschechischen Animationsfilmproduktion waren die Ateliéry Bonton Zlín. Karel Zemans Reise in die Urzeit, ein pädagogischer Fantasyfilm für Kinder, und Die Erfindung des Verderbens nach der Vorlage von Jules Verne zeichnen sich durch für ihre Zeit außergewöhnliche Spezialeffekte aus.

Die bis heute bestehende Laterna magika ist ein 1958 von Alfréd Radok für die Expo 58 ins Leben gerufenes Projekt, das Filmprojektionen und Darbietungen auf der Bühne miteinander kombinierte und so eine Pionierleistung im multimedialen Theater erbrachte.

Tschechoslowakische Neue Welle

In den späten 1950er Jahren begannen sich die Regisseure vom Einfluss des Stalinismus auf die Filmindustrie zu befreien. Die 1960er waren das goldene Zeitalter des tschechoslowakischen Films, das durch die Lockerung der restriktiven Kulturpolitik möglich wurde. Die Tschechoslowakische Neue Welle wird mit den frühen Arbeiten der Regisseure Miloš Forman, Věra Chytilová, Jiří Menzel in Verbindung gebracht, obwohl die Arbeiten älterer, bekannterer tschechoslowakischer Regisseure wie Karel Kachyňa und Vojtěch Jasný auch dieser Phase zugerechnet werden. Die Neue Welle schließt eine breite Palette an unverbrauchten und originellen Arbeiten ein und wurde vom Italienischen Neorealismus und der französischen Nouvelle Vague beeinflusst. Daher kann diese auch nicht auf einen bestimmten Stil oder eine bestimmte Haltung zum Filmemachen reduziert werden.  Beispiele hierfür reichen von höchst stilisierten Filmen über Avantgardefilme, Literaturverfilmungen nach historischen Stoffen (z. B. Démanty noci von Jan Němec) bis hin zu halb improvisierten Komödien mit zeitgenössischen Themen und Laiendarstellern (z. B. Der Feuerwehrball (Hoří, má panenko) von Miloš Forman). Außerdem wurden die ersten tschechischen Musicalfilme gedreht (Hopfenpflücker, Limonaden-Joe).

Typische für Filme dieser Epoche ist ihr absurder, schwarzer Humor und ein Interesse an den Anliegen der einfachen Bevölkerung – insbesondere wenn sie mit großen historischen oder politischen Umbrüchen konfrontiert werden. Das Geschäft in der Hauptstraße (Obchod na korze) von Ján Kadár und Elmar Klos (1965) und Liebe nach Fahrplan (Ostře sledované vlaky) von Jiří Menzel (1966) gewannen den Oscar als bester fremdsprachiger Film.

Nach der Niederschlagung des Prager Frühlings im Jahr 1968 emigrierten zahlreiche Filmschaffende und kritische Filme wurden erneut verboten, etwa Der Leichenverbrenner (1969) von Juraj Herz oder Menzels Lerchen am Faden. Diese von der Zensur weggesperrten Filme wurden als Tresorfilme ("tresorové filmy") bezeichnet. Vojtěch Jasný, Jan Němec, Ivan Passer, Bernard Šafařík und andere emigrierten. Miloš Forman wurde im Exil in den USA mit zwei Oscars ausgezeichnet.

Die heimische Produktion büßte durch die ideologischen Einschränkungen an Innovationskraft ein. Nur noch vereinzelt konnten Filme wie Heimat, süße Heimat in der internationalen Filmwelt mit künstlerischer Qualität überzeugen. Es überwogen Komödien und Kriminalfilme, vor allem aber waren die 1970er- und 1980er-Jahre die Blütezeit des tschechischen Märchenfilms (Drei Haselnüsse für Aschenbrödel, Wie man Dornröschen wachküßt, Der Furchtlose), ein Genre, das in Tschechien auch heute noch stark vertreten ist. Großen Anklang fanden tschechoslowakische Fernsehserien, vor allem von Jindřich Polák. Seine Serie über den Zauberer Pan Tau oder die Science-Fiction-Serie Die Besucher (Fernsehserie) über eine chaotische Zeitreise gelten heute als Klassiker.

Gegenwart

Seit der Samtenen Revolution im November 1989 ist die freie Filmproduktion wieder möglich. Bis dahin verbotene Autoren und Regisseure traten gemeinsam mit Nachwuchskünstlern in Erscheinung. Kolja (1996) von Jan Svěrák gewann als dritter tschechischer Film den Oscar als bester fremdsprachiger Film. Jan Hřebejks Filme Kuschelnester (1999) und  Wir müssen zusammenhalten (2000) setzen sich auf tragikomische Weise mit der Zeitgeschichte auseinander, Želary (2003) hingegen in Form eines rauen Kriegsdramas. Ich habe den englischen König bedient (2006) ist eine Literaturverfilmung Jiří Menzels nach der Romanvorlage von Bohumil Hrabal. Erfolgreiche Mainstream-Kinofilme waren etwa Das Jahr des Teufels (2002), Leergut (2007) und Ab ans Meer! (2014).

Unter den Animationsfilmen sind Kooky (2010), an die Tradition des Puppenfilms anknüpfend, und Alois Nebel (2011), die Verfilmung einer Graphic Novel, als herausragend anzuführen. Die gut ausgebaute tschechische Infrastruktur wird häufig für internationale Produktionen genützt, eine Erscheinung der jüngeren Zeit sind kommerzielle Fernsehproduktionen.

Filmpreise und Filmfestivals
Seit 1993 wird jährlich der tschechische Filmpreis Böhmischer Löwe in 15 Kategorien vergeben. Der Preis hat die Form eines kristallenen Löwen. Das Internationale Filmfestival Karlovy Vary zählt zu den 13 weltweit führenden Festivals der "A-Kategorie" (Filmfestivals mit internationalem Wettbewerb), die beim Filmproduzentenverband FIAPF akkreditiert sind. Das Film Festival Zlín ist ein internationales Kinder- und Jugendfilmfestival.

Bekannte tschechische Regisseure

 Zbyněk Brynych
 František Čáp
 Věra Chytilová
 Ivan Fíla
 Miloš Forman (gewann zweimal den Oscar)
 Martin Frič
 Saša Gedeon
 Juraj Herz
 Jan Hřebejk
 Vojtěch Jasný
 Jaromil Jireš
 Karel Kachyňa
 Karel Lamač
 Oldřich Lipský
 Josef Mach
 Gustav Machatý
 Jiří Menzel (gewann einen Oscar)
 Jan Němec
 Ivan Passer
 Jindřich Polák
 Karel Reisz – britischer Regisseur, der in Tschechien geboren wurde
 Andrea Sedláčková
 Bohdan Sláma
 Martin Šulík
 Jan Švankmajer
 Jan Svěrák (gewann einen Oscar)
 Jiří Trnka – Regisseur von Puppentrickfilmen
 Ondřej Trojan
 Otakar Vávra
 František Vláčil
 Václav Vorlíček
 Petr Zelenka

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Artikel über tschechisches und slowakisches Kino auf www.GreenCine.com (englisch)
Geschichte des tschechischen Films auf www.czech.cz (deutsch)
Liste mit wichtigen tschechischen Filmen auf www.prague-life.com (englisch)
Vorschauen, Interviews, Neuigkeiten und Trailer jüngster und bevorstehender europäischer Filme (englisch)
Informationen über tschechisches Kino, Literatur und Politik auf www.blisty.cz (englisch)

!
Filmgeschichte

Tschechischer Film


L'hôtel de ville d'Île-d'Aix est située à Île-d'Aix, dans le département français de la Charente-Maritime en région Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

Historique

L'immeuble, édifiée de 1825 à 1828, est inscrit au titre des monuments historiques par arrêté du .

Architecture

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Liste des monuments historiques d'Île-d'Aix

Liens externes

Monument historique à Île-d'Aix
Monument historique inscrit en 1931
Architecture Art déco en Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Île-d'Aix

Hôtel de ville d'Île-d'Aix


Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli bio je talijanski kemičar (1761 - 1818.).

Životopis
Brugnatelli je studirao kemiju i medicinu na sveučulištu u Paviji. Diplomirao je 1784. s tezom posvećenom analizi želučanih sokova. Između ostalih profesori su mu bili i Giovanni Antonio Scopoli i Lazzaro Spallanzani. Potom je radio kao liječnik ali se i dalje bavio kemijom te je 1796. postao profesor kemije na sveučilištu u Paviji.

Bio je prijatelj Alessandra Volte, poznatog po voltinom članku, odnosno bateriji. Brugnatelli je eksperimentirao s elektricitetom, te se smatra utemeljiteljem elektrokemije. Prvi je uspješno elektroplatirao zlatom 2 srebrne medalje 1803., a bavio se i galvanoplastikom.

Izbor djela

Elementi di chimica appoggiati alle più recenti scoperte chimiche e farmaceutiche, 3 toma, Pavija 1795. – 1798.
Farmacopea ad uso degli speziali e medici moderni della Repubblica italiana, Pavija 1802.

Vanjske poveznice
http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/luigi-valentino-brugnatelli_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/

Talijanski znanstvenici

Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli


Bjerg Eivind og hans hustru er en dokumentarfilm fra 1882 instrueret og med manuskript af Hanah West Knudsen.

Handling
Filmen er et stærkt personligt portræt af en gammel dame, optaget af sit barnebarn, mens hun ligger for døden på et plejehjem. Situationen er skildret rent dokumentarisk ved interviews. Kameraet skildrer de stærke følelser, den pludselige kommunikation giver, tværs gennem tre generationer. Titlen hentyder til en film, den gamle dame så i sin pure ungdom.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1982

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Bjerg Eivind og hans hustru


Hradište este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Partizánske din regiunea Trenčín. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.011 locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Hradište este atestată documentar din 1533.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Hradište, Partizánske


Félag íslenskra náttúrufræðinga (FÍN) er íslenskt stéttarfélag, félagið var stofnað árið 1955.

Hlutverk félagsins
Er að stuðla að samvinnu og samheldni náttúrufræðinga á Íslandi og að bæta markvisst kjör félagsmanna sinna. Félagið annast gerð kjarasamninga fyrir félagsmenn sína sem félagsmenn greiða atkvæði um.

Formennska
Maríanna H. Helgadóttir er núverandi formaður, hún settist í stjórn Fín árið 1999, framkvæmdarstjóri frá árinu 2006, og formaður frá árinu 2016.
Páll Halldórsson lét af formennsku árið 2016, hann hafði setið í stjórn og kjararáði félagsins frá árinu 1986 og gegnt formennsku með hléum. Hann var einnig formaður hjá Bandalagi háskólamenntaðra ríkisstarfsmanna 1988 til 1994 (BHMR) og formaður BHM frá 1994-1996, 2008, og 2014-2015.

Náttúrufræðingar félagsins
Samkvæmt heimasíðu félagsins eru Náttúrufræðingar félagsins:
 Arkitektar
 Búfræðikandidatar
 Eðlisfræðingar
 Efnafræðingar
 Erfðafræðingar
 Ferðamálafræðingar
 Fiskifræðingar
 Fornleifafræðingar
 Grasafræðingar
 Jarðeðlisfræðingar
 Jarðfræðingar
 Landfræðingar
 Landslagsarkitektar
 Lífeðlis- og lífefnafræðingar
 Líffræðingar
 Líftæknifræðingar
 Sameindalíffræðingar
 Sjávarlíffræðingar
 Sjávarútvegsfræðingar
 Skógfræðingar
 Stjarneðlisfræðingar
 Stærðfræðingar
 Tölvunarfræðingar
 Umhverfisfræðingar
 Veðurfræðingar
 Vistfræðingar

Heimildir

Íslensk stéttarfélög

Félag íslenskra náttúrufræðinga