Celia Wray (30 mai 1872 - 30 novembre 1954) est une suffragette anglaise et architecte. Pendant de nombreuses années, elle a eu une relation lesbienne avec la scientifique Alice Laura Embleton.

Biographie
Celia Wray est née à Barnsley dans le Yorkshire en 1872, la fille de Jane Burrows née Batty (1846-1910) et Charles Wray (1844-1931), un charcutier qui fut maire de Barnsley de 1896 à 1897 et de nouveau de 1903 à 1904. Il avait créé une entreprise à Barnsley où il était conseiller libéral pour le quartier ouest de Barnsley à partir de 1889, et a pris sa retraite en tant qu'échevin en 1924. Il était président de la District Butchers' Association et était un partisan de l'Église méthodiste unie de Blucher Street et de la Tradesmen's Benevolent Institution. Il a été nommé freeman de l'arrondissement en 1921, avant sa retraite.

Pendant un certain temps, Celia Wray a été architecte à Barnsley où, en 1908, elle a conçu des cottages à  qui existent toujours. Vers 1896, elle soutenait le . Elle était également une militante de premier plan pour le suffrage des femmes en tant que membre dirigeant de la Barnsley Women's Suffrage Society (fondée en 1902), dont elle était la secrétaire de 1908 à 1920, lorsqu'elle a quitté la ville. Elle était en couple avec une cancérologue Alice Laura Embleton (1876-1960). Les deux femmes ont été photographiées avec d'autres suffragettes manifestant devant les bureaux du  en janvier 1910. En 1911, Wray vivait avec son père à Barnsley lorsque le jour du , Alice Embleton leur rendit visite. Comme beaucoup d'autres suffragettes, les deux femmes ont écrit sur le document du recensement le slogan « Getting votes for those who pay the piper. Getting votes for women ».

Celia Wray, Alice Embleton,  et Vera Holme ont mis en place la « Foosack League » dont l'adhésion était réservée aux femmes et aux suffragettes ; les preuves internes suggèrent que la Foosack League était une société secrète lesbienne. Certes, toutes quatre étaient des amies proches comme en témoignent les nombreuses lettres écrites entre elles, notamment pendant la Première Guerre mondiale.

Dans ses dernières années, Celia Wary a vécu avec Alice Embleton à The Elms, Saxmundham, Suffolk.

Celia Wray est décédée à Blythburgh, Suffolk en 1954, à l'âge de 82 ans.

Références

Naissance en mai 1872
Décès en novembre 1954
Personnalité du lesbianisme
Femme féministe britannique
Suffragette britannique
Décès à 82 ans

Celia Wray


The Tijāniyyah () is a Sufi tariqa (order, path), originating in the Maghreb but now more widespread in West Africa, particularly in Senegal, The Gambia, Mauritania, Mali, Guinea, Niger, Chad, Ghana, Northern and South-western Nigeria and some part of Sudan. The Tijāniyyah order is also present in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka in India. Its adherents are called Tijānī (spelled Tijaan or Tiijaan in Wolof, Tidiane or Tidjane in French).  Tijānīs place great importance on culture and education and emphasize the individual adhesion of the disciple (murid). To become a member of the order, one must receive the Tijānī wird, or a sequence of holy phrases to be repeated twice daily, from a muqaddam, or representative of the order.

History and spread of the order

Foundation of the order
Ahmad al-Tijani (1737–1815) was born in Aïn Madhi in Algeria and died in Fes, Morocco. He received his religious education in Fes, Morocco. Inspired by other Moroccan saints he founded the Tijānī order in the 1780s; sources vary as to the exact date between 1781 and 1784. Tijānīs, speaking for the poor, reacted against the then-dominant conservative, hierarchical Qadiriyyah brotherhood, focusing on social reform and grassroots Islamic revival.

During the first period, some of al-Tijani's adherents appointed khalifas, established new Tijani centres abroad, and developed ramifications of their own:
 the centres of Sidi Mohammed al-Ghali Boutaleb (d. 1829) and Sidi Alfa Hachim al-Futi (d. 1934) in Medina Munawwara
 the centres of Sidi al-Mufaddal Saqqat, Sidi Mohammed b. Abdelwahid Bannani al-Misri (d. after 1854), and Sidi Mohammed al-Hafidh al-Misri (d. 1983) in Egypt
 the centres of Shaykh al-Islam Sidi Ibrahim Riyahi Tunsi (d. 1851), Sidi Mohammed b. Slimane Manna'i Tunsi, Sidi Mohammed Ben Achour (d. before 1815) and Sidi Taher b. Abdesaadiq Laqmari (d. after 1851) in Tunisia
 the centre of Sidi Uthman Filani Aklani (d. after 1815) in the Sudan,
 the centres of Sidi Mohammed Alawi Chinguiti (d. 1830), Sidi Mawlud Fall (d. 1852) and Sidi Mohammad al-Hafid b. al-Mokhtar Beddi in Mauritania
 the centres of Sidi Mohammed b. al-Mishri Sibai (d. 1809), author of al-Jami'a li-ma f-taraqa mina-l 'ulumn (The Absolute in What Has Separated from the Sciences), and al-Qutb Sidi Abul Hassan Ali b. Aissa Tamacini (d. 1845) in Algeria

Expansion in West Africa
The order has become the largest Sufi order in West Africa and continues to expand rapidly.  It was brought to southern Mauritania around 1789 by Muḥammad al-Ḥāfiẓ of the 'Idaw `Ali tribe, which was known for its many Islamic scholars and leaders and was predominantly Qādirī at the time.  Nearly the entire tribe became Tijānī during Muḥammad al-Ḥāfiẓ's lifetime, and the tribe's influence would facilitate the Tijāniyya's rapid expansion to sub-Saharan Africa.

Muḥammad al-Ḥāfiẓ's disciple Sidi Mawlūd Vāl initiated the 19th-century Fulɓe leader Omar Saidou Tall and the Fulɓe cleric ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Nāqil from Futa Jalon (now Guinea) into the order. After receiving instruction from Muḥammad al-Ghālī from 1828 to 1830 in Mecca, Umar Tall was appointed Caliph (successor or head representative) of Aḥmed al-Tijānī for all of the Western Sudan (Western sub-Saharan Africa).  Umar Tall then led a holy war against what he saw as corrupt regimes in the area, resulting in the large but fleeting Toucouleur Empire in Eastern Senegal and Mali.  While Omar Saidou Tall's political empire soon gave way to French colonialism, the more long-standing result was to spread Islam and the Tijānī Order through much of what is now Senegal, Guinea, and Mali (see Robinson, 1985).

In Senegal's Wolof country, especially the northern regions of Kajoor and the Kingdom of Jolof, the Tijānī Order was spread primarily by Malick Sy, born in 1855 near Dagana. In 1902, he founded a zāwiya or religious center in Tivaouane, which became a center for Islamic education and culture under his leadership.  Upon Malick Sy's death in 1922, his son Ababacar Sy became the first Caliph. Serigne Mansour Sy became the present Caliph in 1997, upon the death of Abdoul Aziz Sy. The  Mawlid or Gàmmu, the celebration of the birth of Muhammad, of Tivaouane gathers many followers each year.

The "house" or branch of Tivaouane is not the only branch of the Tijānī order in Senegal.  The Tijānī order was spread to the south by another jihadist, Màbba Jaxu Ba, a contemporary of Umar Tall who founded a similar Islamic state in Senegal's Saalum area.  After Màbba was defeated and killed at The Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune fighting against Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof, his state crumbled but the Tijāniyya remained the predominant Sufi order in the region, and Abdoulaye Niass (1840–1922) became the most important representative of the order in the Saalum, having immigrated southward from the Jolof and, after exile in The Gambia due to tensions with the French, returned to establish a zāwiya in the city of Kaolack.

The branch founded by Abdoulaye Niass's son, Ibrahim Niass, in the Kaolack suburb of Medina Baye in 1930, has become by far the largest and most visible Tijānī branch around the world today.  Ibrahima Niass's teaching that all disciples, and not only specialists, can attain a direct mystical knowledge of God through tarbiyyah rūhiyyah (mystical education) has struck a chord with millions worldwide.  This branch, known as the Tijāniyyah Ibrāhīmiyyah or the Faydah ("Flood"), is most concentrated in Senegal, Nigeria, Ghana, Niger, and Mauritania, and has a growing presence in the United States and Europe.  Most Tijānī web sites and international organizations are part of this movement. Ibrahim Niass' late grandson and former imam of Medina Baye, Hassan Cissé, has thousands of American disciples and has founded a large educational and developmental organization, the African American Islamic Institute, in Medina Baye with branches in other parts of the world.

Another Senegalese "house," in Medina-Gounass, Senegal (to the west of the Niokolo Koba park) was created by Mamadou Saidou Ba.

Still another in Thienaba, near Thiès, was founded by the disciple of a famous marabout of Futa Tooro, Amadou Sekhou.

The Ḥamāliyya (Ḥamālliyya) branch, founded by Shaykh Hamallah, is centered in Nioro, Mali, and is also present in Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, and Niger.  One of its most prominent members is the novelist and historian Amadou Hampâté Bâ, who preserved and advocated the teachings of Tierno Bokar Salif Taal (Cerno Bokar Salif Taal), the "Sage of Banjagara".  (See Louis Brenner, 1984, 2000.)

It was Cherno Muhammadou Jallow, along with Sheikh Oumar Futi Taal, who first received the tarikha Tijaniyya in the Senegambia region. Cherno Muhammadou waited for the tarikha for over twelve years in Saint Louis Senegal, where Sheikh Oumar Futi Taal sent his student Cherno Abubakr. He (Cherno Muhammadou) started spreading it in the Senegambia region. Through oral history, it is that said he (Cherno Muhammadou) passed it to twelve disciples. These disciples range from Mam Mass Kah of Medina Mass Kah, Abdoulaye Niass of Medina Kaolock, Cherno Alieu, Deme of NDiaye Kunda Senegal, Cherno Alieu, Diallo of Djanet in Kolda, to name a few. Through these disciples the tarikha spread through the Senegambia region and beyond. Most of these disciples today have loads of followers and all of them are doing the Laazim daily. Cherno Muhammadou passed it to his son Cherno Omar, who later passed to his son Cherno Muhammadou. Baba Jallow later went on looking for his grandfather (Cherno Muhammadou Jallow), whom he later found in the Casamance. After discovering his grandfather's grave, Cherno Baba created a community and named it Sobouldeh and started an annual Ziarre, where thousands converge to honor him yearly.

Practices

Members of the Tijānī order distinguish themselves by a number of practices.  Upon entering the order, one receives the Tijānī wird from a muqaddam or representative of the order.  The muqaddam explains to the initiate the duties of the order, which include keeping the basic tenets of Islam including the five Five Pillars, to honor and respect one's parents, and not to follow another Sufi order in addition to the Tijāniyya.  Initiates are to pronounce the Tijānī wird (a process that usually takes ten to fifteen minutes) every morning and afternoon. The wird is a formula that includes repetitions of the shahada, istighfar, and a prayer for Muḥammad called the Salat al-Fatih "Prayer of the Opener". They are also to participate in the wazifah, a similar formula that is chanted as a group, often at a mosque or zāwiya once on a daily basis, as well as in the Haylalat al-Jum'ah, another formula chanted among other disciples on Friday afternoon before the sun down.

Additionally, disciples in many areas organize regular meetings, often on Thursday evenings or before or after Waẓīfa and Hailalat al-Jum'ah to engage in dhikr Allāh, or remembrance of God. In such meetings, poems praising God, Muhammad, Aḥmed at-Tijānī, or another religious leader may be interspersed with the dhikr. Such meetings may involve simple repetition as a group or call-response, in which one or more leaders lead the chant and others repeat or otherwise respond.

Occasionally, a group of disciples, known in Senegal as a daayira, from Arabic dā'irah, or "circle", may organize a religious conference, where they will invite one or more well known speakers or chanters to speak on a given theme, such as the life of Muḥammad or another religious leader, a particular religious obligation such as fasting during Ramadan, or the nature of God.

The most important communal event of the year for most Tijānī groups is the Mawlid, known in Wolof as the Gàmmu, or the celebration of the birth of Muḥammad, which falls on the night of the 12th of the Islamic month of Rabīʿ al-'Awwal (which means the night before the 12th, as Islamic dates start at sundown and not at midnight).  Most major Tijānī religious centers organize a large Mawlid event once a year, and hundreds of thousands of disciples attend the largest ones (in Tivaouane, Kaolack, Prang, Kiota, Kano, Fadama, etc.)  Throughout the year, local communities organize smaller Mawlid celebrations.  These meetings usually go from about midnight until shortly after dawn and include hours of dhikr and poetry chanting and speeches about the life of Muḥammad.

See also
Sufism
Wazifa
Lazimi
Salat al-Fatih
Dhikr Jumu'a
List of Sufi orders
Muslim brotherhoods of Senegal
Ahmad At Tijânî Ibn Bâba Al 'Alawî
Sheikh Abubakre Sidiq Bello

References
Brenner, Louis. 2000. "Amadou Hampâté Bâ: Tijânî Francophone." In Triaud and Robinson, 2000.
Davidson, Basil. 1995. Africa in History. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Klein, Martin A. 1968. Islam and Imperialism in Senegal: Sine-Saloum 1847-1914. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Robinson, David. 1985. The Holy War of Umar Tall. Oxford: Clarendon.
Triaud, Jean-Louis. 2000. "La Tijâniyya, une confrérie musulmane pas comme les autres?"  In Triaud and Robinson, 2000.
Triaud, Jean-Louis and David Robinson, eds. 2000. La Tijâniyya: Une confrérie musulmane à la conquête de l'Afrique.  Paris: Karthala.
WorldStatesmen- here Mali Traditional States
 Jawâhir Ul Ma'ânî du Shaykh 'Alî Al Harâzim, sur le site officiel du Pr. Abdelaziz Benabdallah. Traduit en francais par le Pr.Abdelaziz Benabdallah et son neveu Moustapha Benmoussa.
 Al Boghia : Mataâlib = Requêtes de 'Sidi Larbi Ben Sayeh, sur le site officiel du Pr. Abdelaziz Benabdallah.
 La Tijânia du 'Pr. Abdelaziz Benabdallah, sur le site officiel du Pr. Abdelaziz Benabdallah.
 الشيخ سيدي أحمد التجاني، أبعاد ضلاعته العلمية.بقلم أحمد بن عبد العزيز بن عبد الله, من الموقع الإلكتروني للأستاذ عبد العزيز بن عبد الله.

Notes

External links

Sunni Sufi orders

Sufism in Africa
Islam in Senegal
French West Africa
Islam in Nigeria

Tijaniyyah


Charley Patton (født ca. 1885, død 28. april 1934) er blevet betegnet som grundlægger af Delta blues, men han er blot en af flere omvandrende musikere, som inspirerede hinanden inden for det relativt begrænsede område. Hans første indspilninger for et pladeselskab fandt sted hos Paramount i Grafton i juni 1929 og maj 1930. Den først frigivne var Pony blues, som senere blev en klassiker for bluesentusiaster. Selv om han normalt omtales som bluesmusiker, havde han på sine turneer et meget bredt repetoire, som gav ham ry for at være entertainer.

Biografi
Patton blev født i en lille by i Mississippi-deltaet. Flere årstal er nævnt for hans fødsel, både 1881, 1885, 1887 og 1891 fremgår således af forskellige kilder. Pattons biologiske forældre er der heller ikke sikkerhed om. Officielt var Bill og Annie Patton hans forældre, men han blev anset for at være søn af en tidligere slave Henderson Chatmon, som også havde andre børn, der blev udøvende bluesmusikere. Hans lyse hud har givet anledning til spekulationer om, hvorvidt han var en blanding af hvid, sort og Cherokee.  I "Down the Dirt Road Blues", synger Patton om det reservat for Cherokeer, som blev en del af Oklahoma i 1907, hvilket har bidraget til teorierne om hans oprindelse.

I 1897 flyttede hans familie  nordpå til en bomuldsplantage nær Ruleville Mississippi. Det var her, at Patton udviklede sin musikalske stil, som var påvirket af Henry Sloan, som havde en ny, usædvanlig spillestil, som senere er blevet betegnet som en tidlig form for blues. I dette område blev han en slags mentor for en række yngre musikere, såsom Tommy Johnson, Fiddlin' Joe Martin, Robert Johnson og Howlin' Wolf, der også var omvandrende musikere i deltaet. Han blev i løbet af 1920'erne kendt udenfor Deltaet, blandt andet med årlige koncerter i Chicago, hvilket resulterede i, at han opnåede en pladekontrakt i 1928.

Litteratur
 Mørup, Bjarne (2008):Blues, Systime, Aarhus C

Noter

Referencer

Blues

Charley Patton


An Anthurium gracilipedunculatum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Kurt Krause. An Anthurium gracilipedunculatum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Anthurium, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Peru. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Anthurium

Anthurium gracilipedunculatum


Lake Saint Francis may refer to:
Lake Saint Francis (Canada) (Lac Saint-François) on the Saint Lawrence River
Lake Saint Francis in Pennsylvania
Lake Saint Francis in Arkansas

Lake Saint Francis


Ne diši, američki horor-napetica-kriminalistički film iz 2016. godine.

Sažetak
Troje pljačkaša provalilo je u kuću koju su smatrali za savršenu metu. Žrtva je bogati slijepac pa je bezopasan. Od savršene pljačke ništa, jer pohlepni provalnici ne znaju da je slijepac veteran koji će s njima odigrati ubojitu igru.

Izvor
MojTV

Američki filmovi
Filmovi 2010-ih

Ne diši (2016.)


Președintele Serbiei și Muntenegrului (în ) a fost șeful de stat ales al Serbiei și Muntenegrului. De la înființarea sa în 1992 până în 2003, când țara a fost reconstituită ca o confederație (uniune statală), șeful statului era cunoscut ca Președintele Republicii Federale Iugoslave (în ). Odată cu reformele constituționale din 2003 și fuzionarea birourilor șefului de guvern și al șefului statului, titlul complet al președintelui era președintele Serbiei și Muntenegrului și președintele Consiliului de Miniștri al Serbiei și Muntenegrului (în ). În 2006 biroul a fost desființat odată cu dizolvarea uniunii statale, cu Serbia și Muntenegru devenind țări independente.

Autoritate

În calitate de șef al statului, președintele a avut puterea de a:

 reprezenta țara acasă și în străinătate
 numi și rechema șefii misiunilor diplomatice și consulare
 primi scrisori de credință și de rechemare a reprezentanților diplomatici străini
 conferi medalii și alte decorațiuni
 promulga legile adoptate de Parlament
 cere alegeri parlamentare

În 2003, prerogativele președintelui au fost extinse pentru a include dreptul de a prezida Consiliul de Miniștri și de a propune componența Consiliului de Miniștri în Parlament, îmbinând efectiv puterile șefului de guvern în biroul prezidențial.

Alegeri
Din 1992 până în 2000, președintele a fost ales la propunerea președintelui și vicepreședintelui Adunării Federale a Iugoslaviei pentru un mandat de patru ani. După amendamentele constituționale din 2000, au fost introduse alegeri directe pentru funcția de președinte. După reformele constituționale din 2003, președintele a fost ales la propunerea președintelui și vicepreședintelui parlamentului Serbiei și Muntenegrului pentru un mandat de patru ani. Președintele Serbiei și Muntenegrului a fost membru al Consiliului Suprem de Apărare alături de Președintele Serbiei și Președintele Muntenegrului.

Rezultatele alegerilor prezidențiale directe din 2000 au fost următoarele:

Lista președinților
Au existat șase președinți ai RF Iugoslavia (doi interimari) după afirmarea independenței față de Republica Socialistă Federativă Iugoslavia (SFRY) în 1992 până la dizolvarea sa în 2003. Svetozar Marović de la Partidul Democrat al Socialiștilor din Muntenegru a fost singurul președinte al RF Iugoslavia după reformele constituționale și reconstituirea sa ca o confederație. El a intrat în funcție la 7 martie 2003. După declararea independenței Muntenegrului, la 3 iunie 2006, Președintele a anunțat, la 4 iunie 2006, încetarea mandatului său.

Foști președinți în viață

Note

Președintele Serbiei

Președintele Serbiei și Muntenegrului


The Hughes Medal is awarded by the Royal Society of London "in recognition of an original discovery in the physical sciences, particularly electricity and magnetism or their applications". Named after David E. Hughes, the medal is awarded with a gift of £1000. The medal was first awarded in 1902 to J. J. Thomson "for his numerous contributions to electric science, especially in reference to the phenomena of electric discharge in gases", and has since been awarded over one-hundred times.  Unlike other Royal Society medals, the Hughes Medal has never been awarded to the same individual more than once.

The medal has on occasion been awarded to multiple people at a time; in 1938 it was won by John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton "for their discovery that nuclei could be disintegrated by artificially produced bombarding particles", in 1981 by Peter Higgs and Tom Kibble "for their international contributions about the spontaneous breaking of fundamental symmetries in elementary-particle theory", in 1982 by Drummond Matthews and Frederick Vine "for their elucidation of the magnetic properties of the ocean floors which subsequently led to the plate tectonic hypothesis" and in 1988 by Archibald Howie and M. J. Whelan "for their contributions to the theory of electron diffraction and microscopy, and its application to the study of lattice defects in crystals".

List of recipients
Source: Royal Society

See also
 List of physics awards

References
General

Specific

External links
Royal Society: Hughes Medal

Physics awards
Awards established in 1902
1902 establishments in the United Kingdom
Awards of the Royal Society
1902 in science

Hughes Medal


Die Theodor-Heuss-Brücke (früher Friedrichsbrücke) ist eine der vier Heidelberger Straßenbrücken über den Neckar. Sie ist die zentrale Brücke im Heidelberger Zentrum und verbindet das westliche Ende der Heidelberger Altstadt am Bismarckplatz am südlichen Neckarufer mit dem am Nordufer gelegenen Stadtteil Neuenheim. Die Brücke ist verkehrstechnisch von Bedeutung, da die B 3 über sie geführt wird.

Geschichte
Die Theodor-Heuss-Brücke in ihrer heutigen Form wurde 1992 fertiggestellt. Die Geschichte ihrer Vorgängerbauten lässt sich aber bis in das Jahr 1877 zurückverfolgen, in dem die an der gleichen Stelle stehende "Friedrichsbrücke" eingeweiht wurde.

Vorgängerbauten

Römische Zeit und Mittelalter
Im Flussabschnitt, in dem die heutige Theodor-Heuss-Brücke steht, war schon seit langen Zeiten eine Schlüsselstelle zum Überqueren des Neckars. Ca. 300 m flussabwärts des heutigen Brückenbaus befand sich eine alte Neckarfurt, die schon in vorgeschichtlicher Zeit zur Überquerung des Neckars genutzt wurde. An der gleichen Stelle errichteten die Römer im Jahr 80/90 die erste Brücke über den Neckar im Bereich von Heidelberg. Im Jahr 1217 wird im gleichen Flussabschnitt eine Fähre über den Neckar dokumentiert.

Gründerzeit: Friedrichsbrücke
Nach der Ausweitung der Heidelberger Kernaltstadt und einer Zunahme des täglichen Verkehrs wurde ab 1860 eine zusätzliche Brücke im Flussabschnitt zwischen Heidelberg und Bergheim geplant. Diese Brücke wurde 1877 fertiggestellt. Sie war somit die zweite Heidelberger Neckarbrücke neben der "Alten Brücke" und wurde daher "Neue Brücke" genannt. Eine alte Baubeschreibung gibt die Maße dieser alten Friedrichsbrücke wie folgt an: Länge 243 m. Breite 10 m. Fünf Stromöffnungen und drei Flutöffnungen von je 35 m Lichtweite.
Eine direkte Anbindung Richtung Norden bestand zu dieser Zeit jedoch zunächst nicht. Dies war erst 1890 nach der Verlängerung der Brückenstraße der Fall. Seitdem führte neben dem Fußgänger- und Fuhrwerkverkehr auch ein Gleis der OEG über die alte Friedrichsbrücke. Bereits 1905 musste die Friedrichsbrücke verbreitert werden, um dem wachsenden Verkehrsaufkommen gerecht zu werden und Platz für ein zusätzliches Straßenbahngleis zu bieten. Der Umbau wurde am 25. September 1906 zu Ehren des Großherzogs Friedrich I. von Baden als "Friedrichsbrücke" eingeweiht.

Zerstörung im Zweiten Weltkrieg und Neubau
Am 29. März 1945 wurden die Friedrichsbrücke und Alte Brücke während des Rückzugs vor den Alliierten Truppen durch die Wehrmacht gesprengt. Nach Kriegsende wurde durch die Amerikanische Besatzungsmacht eine Behelfskonstruktion aus Holz errichtet - sogder ("Hölzerne Friedrich"). Diese Nagelträgerkonstruktion wurde am 20. November 1945 fertiggestellt und dem Verkehr übergeben.

Bereits 1946 wurde ein Neubau der zerstörten Friedrichsbrücke geplant, es sollte an der alten Stelle eine 24 m breite Stahlbetonkonstruktion entstehen. Die alten Brückenpfeiler konnten dafür wiederverwendet werden. Mitte Dezember 1949 wurde dann die neue Brücke dem Verkehr übergeben und trug immer noch den alten Namen "Friedrichsbrücke". 1964 erfolgte ein Gemeinderatsbeschluss zur Umbenennung nach dem gerade verstorbenen Altbundespräsidenten Theodor Heuss. In den 1980er Jahren erzwangen zunehmender Verkehr und erste Bauschäden Pläne für die nächste Verbreiterung und Sanierung. Nach dem Baubeginn 1990 wurden die Arbeiten dann 1992 abgeschlossen und die Brücke in ihrer heutigen Form dem Verkehr übergeben.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Straßenbrücke in Baden-Württemberg
Brücke in Heidelberg
Neckarbrücke
Heidelberg
Erbaut in den 1940er Jahren
Rekonstruiertes Bauwerk in Baden-Württemberg
Neuenheim
Heidelberger Altstadt
Oberrheinische Eisenbahn
Verkehr (Heidelberg)
Brücke in Europa

Theodor-Heuss-Brücke (Heidelberg)


Marjorie "Midge" Rendell (née Osterlund; born February 13, 1947) is an American attorney and jurist serving as a Senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and a former First Lady of Pennsylvania. In 2003, she was named to the PoliticsPA list of "Pennsylvania's Most Politically Powerful Women".

Early life and education
Rendell was born in Wilmington, Delaware. Her father was employed as a DuPont executive and she attended Ursuline Academy. She received a Bachelor of Arts degree, cum laude, from the University of Pennsylvania in 1969 and a Juris Doctor from Villanova University School of Law in 1973.

Career

Private practice

After graduating from law school, she practiced as an attorney for 20 years as a partner at the Philadelphia firm of Duane, Morris & Heckscher, where she focused her practice on bankruptcy and commercial litigation. She also served as a mediator for the United States District Court.

While in private practice, Rendell experienced sexism originating from both her clients and cohorts. At times, she was called "honey" by her male colleagues and would hide or downplay the existence of her then young son.

Federal judicial service

Rendell was nominated by President Bill Clinton on November 19, 1993, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania vacated by Judge Louis Bechtle. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 10, 1994, and received commission on February 11, 1994. Her service terminated on November 20, 1997, due to elevation to the court of appeals.

Rendell was nominated by President Clinton on January 7, 1997, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit vacated by Judge William D. Hutchinson. She was confirmed by the Senate on September 26, 1997, and received commission on September 29, 1997. She assumed senior status on July 1, 2015.

Notable case

In 2008, Rendell served as a part of a three-judge panel that overturned the Federal Communications Commission's indecency fine against CBS related to the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy.

Philanthropy
In 1993, Rendell founded and managed Avenue of the Arts, Inc., whose purpose was to develop Philadelphia's Broad Street into a world-class artistic venue. She currently serves as one of the members of the board of directors. She is also a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania.

Family

She married Ed Rendell, a future Governor of Pennsylvania, in 1971. On January 21, 2003, Judge Rendell administered the oath of office to her husband after he won the gubernatorial election in November 2002. During her husband's campaigns for mayor and governor, Rendell was barred by the federal judicial ethics code from publicly campaigning on his behalf, as well as from taking part in some fundraisers. On February 7, 2011, a joint email from the couple announced that they had amicably separated. They have one adult son, Jesse. On September 6, 2016, Ed Rendell announced the couple had filed for amicable divorce. In September 2017, Judge Rendell married Arthur Tilson, a senior judge on the Montgomery County, Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas.

References

External links

1947 births
First ladies and gentlemen of Pennsylvania
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Judges of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
Living people
Pennsylvania lawyers
Lawyers from Wilmington, Delaware
University of Pennsylvania alumni
United States court of appeals judges appointed by Bill Clinton
United States district court judges appointed by Bill Clinton
Villanova University School of Law alumni
20th-century American judges
21st-century American judges
20th-century American women judges
21st-century American women judges

Marjorie Rendell


West Middletown may refer to:

 Middletown, Ohio
 West Middletown, Pennsylvania (borough)
 West Middletown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania

West Middletown


Asmus Leth Olsen (født 1984) er cand.scient.pol. og ph.d. i Statskundskab og kommentator om dansk politik. Han er vokset om i Hillerød.

Olsen er uddannet Ph.d. fra Statskundskab ved Københavns Universitet. Han er desuden professor MSO ved samme institution

Han underviser i offentlig forvaltning og politisk psykologi.

I 2013 udgav han bogen "Poligak" sammen med Frederik Georg Hjorth. Bogen berører amerikansk og dansk politologisk forskning fra en skæv vinkel.

Under den danske valgkamp 2015 kommenterede han valgets resultater i en række medier. I 2014 vandt Asmus Olsen Informations phd-cup, der uddeles til phd-studerende med særligt talent for formidling.

Referencer

Faglitterære forfattere fra Danmark

Asmus Leth Olsen


Ivica Stojak (Travnik, 20. listopada 1992.), prvi zapovjednik travničkog HVO-a.

Stojak se tog dana zaputio u Novi Travnik radi zaustavljanja sukoba bošnjačkih i hrvatskih snaga u Novom Travniku koji je prijetio ozbiljnim eskaliranjem. Stojak je uživao autoritet i bio je u dobrim odnosima s bošnjačkim i hrvatskim zapovjednicima. Sve ukazuje da nekomu nije bio interes da se sukob zaustavi. General HVO-a Ivica Nakić je povodom 19. obljetnice Stojakova ubojstva opisao to nedjelo riječima ""Bio je to pucanj u Ivicu Stojaka, u dotadašnje savezništvo ABiH i HVO-a u borbi sa srpskim agresorom, u Hrvate ovoga kraja, u Travnik i suživot u njemu."

Ubijen je u vozilu HVO-a 20. listopada 1992. godine, dok su još trajale borbe za obranu Jajca. U vozilu su bili Ivica Stojak i njegov pomoćnik Zvonko Gašo koji je tad obnašao dužnost načelnika Sigurnosno izvještajne službe (SIS) u Travniku. Navodni saveznici HVO-a, Armija BiH zaustavili su vozilo HVO-a na nadzornoj točki kod Travničke medrese, na nadzornoj točki koju su na istočnom ulazu u Travnik držali pripadnici Armije BiH.

Stojakov automobil je nadzornoj točki zaustavio pripadnik postrojbe ABiH zvane Sedma muslimanska brigada koji je bio i egzekutor. Na točki se nalazio Gašin poznanik Semir Terzić (profesor sociologije), u tom trenutku zapovjednik 1. bataljona 7. muslimanske brigade. Izbila je kraća prepirka.

Prema svjedocima tada je vatru je na zaustavljeno vozilo otvorio zapovjednik 1. (travničkog) bataljuna 7. muslimanske brigade major Semir Terzić zajedno sa svojim vojnicima. Pritom su ubili Ivicu Stojaka, a teško ranili načelnika HVO-a Zvonku Gašu.  Ubijen je hitcima u leđa kroz vjetrobransko staklo automobila, bez ikakva povoda. Težinu zločina oslikava iznevjereno povjerenje, jer zapovjednik te nadzorne točke bio je Stojakov dobar prijatelj. Zločin je bio predskazanje pripremane velikobošnjačke agresije na Hrvate Srednje Bosne. 7. muslimanska brigada poslije je postala poznata po postrojbama iz svog sastava el-Mudžahid, čiji su pripadnici vojnim zarobljenicima i civilima odsjecali glave, kao što to rade i pripadnici al-Qaide i ISIL-a te Boko Harama, što je dokumentirano i na Haškom sudu. Osim odgovornosti za ubojstvo Ivice Stojaka u Travniku, Terzić je odgovoran i za napad na selo Maljine-Bikoši i strijeljanje zarobljenih vojnika HVO-a i civila Hrvata. Ubojstvo Stojaka se dešava u vrijeme otvorenog lokalnog sukoba ABiH i HVO-a u obližnjem Novom Travniku /drugog po redu/ pa su ekstremne muslimanske snage iz Travnika procjenjivale da je trenutak da se taj sukob proširi i na sam Travnik. Očekivalo se da će ovo ubojstvo /ili ubojstva/ "isprovocirati" travnički HVO da uzvrati a time da bude proglašen i krivcem za novonastalu situaciju. Sukob je izbjegnut ali su trajne tenzije ostale. Do danas se u slučaju Stojak ništa nije uradilo. Do otvorene agresije ABiH na Hrvate Travnika, 4. lipnja 1993. godine, brojni su pojedinačni slučajevi maltretiranja, do ubojstava, Hrvata na koje se svjesno baca prašina.

Sukob se isti dan kad je ubijen Stojak proširio i na Vitez. Treći moment bio je u Uskoplju. Već 21. listopada GS HVO prima izvješće da u Uskoplju i Rami su napetosti i izvjesno izbijanje sukoba svakog trena. Hrvati su poduzeli sve mjere sigurnosti da bi se spriječili sukobi snaga HVO i ABiH na rubnim područjima Operativne zone Sjeverozapadna Hercegovina, a posebno u tim gradićima, Uskoplju i Rami. 23. listopada snage događa se treći ključni sukob na Putu spasa.

26. listopada izbili problemi u zapovjedništvu HVO brigade Travnik, jer nakon ubojstva zapovjednika brigade HVO Ivice Stojaka netko je bez odobrenja sklopio primirje s muslimanskim snagama i dalo zajednički proglas, da će s TO deblokirati put prema N. Travniku. Osobe koje su ubile Stojaka nisu izručene ni nakon sedam dana. Zapovjedništvo je potpuno smijenjeno i ustrojeno je novo.

Kada je ubijen Ivica Stojak, poslije ga je zamijenio Jozo Leutar. U narednih 10.-ak godina desila su se brojna ubojstva travničkih Hrvata od kojih niti jedno nije procesuirano pa niti nalogodavci niti izvršitelji nisu poznati. Leutar je poveo istragu i bio je na pravom tragu. Govorilo se o "istom rukopisu" ubojstava Leutara u Sarajevu i policajaca Hrvata Bilića i Valjana u Travniku, a neki pokazatelji govore kako je Leutarovim ubojstvom praktički zaustavljena istraga zločina u Travniku koja je bila "na pravom tragu". A trag je vodio, kako se tvrdilo, preko organizacije Aktivne islamske omladine i AID-a, do SDA-ova političkog, a to znači i federalnog vrha. Sjedište Aktivne islamske omladine u to vrijeme bilo je preko puta zgrade PU-a u kojoj je bilo i sjedište AID-a.

Izvori

Hrvatski vojni zapovjednici u ratu u Bosni i Hercegovini
Životopisi, Travnik

Ivica Stojak


Eneas da Conceiçao Souza (n. Brasil; 25 de mayo de 1982) es un futbolista brasileño. Juega como delantero y su actual equipo es el Zakho FC de la Liga Premier de Irak.

Clubes

Referencias

Futbolistas de Brasil
Futbolistas del Club Sport Cartaginés

Eneas da Conceiçao


Na Maighdeanacha (en inglés: The Maidens) o rocas Hulin (también en irlandés: Na Faoilinn, que significa "las gaviotas") son dos islas y arrecifes varios en el Canal del Norte frente al condado de Antrim en Irlanda del Norte, Reino Unido. La Doncella del Este (Eastern Maiden) o Southern Rock se encuentra a unos 9 km de la costa en Ballygalley, a 13 millas de Larne. La Doncella de Occidente (West Maiden) o Northern Rock esta casi un kilómetro más lejos. Los faros se construyeron sobre dos de las rocas, el de la Doncella Oeste fue abandonado en 1903 y el de la doncella Este fue automatizado en 1977.

Referencias

Véase también
Geografía de Irlanda del Norte
Geografía del Reino Unido

Archipiélagos e islas de Irlanda del Norte

Na Maighdeanacha


A moreia-tigre (também chamada de moreia-serpente ou moreia-dente-de-presa ) é uma moreia da família Muraenidae encontrada em partes mais quentes do Oceano Atlântico oriental, incluindo o Mar Mediterrâneo, Ilhas Canárias, Madeira e várias outras ilhas.

A moreia-tigre é caracterizada pela sua coloração amarela brilhante e mandíbula alongada, que é preenchida com um grande número de longos dentes "semelhantes a vidro". Pode chegar a 1,20 metros de comprimento. A moreia-tigre é uma espécie demersal, habitando fundos rochosos ricos em fendas. As moréias são carnívoros noturnos alimentando-se principalmente de peixes bentónicos, cefalópodes e crustáceos.

Referências

Muraenidae
Peixes descritos em 1838

Moreia-tigre


أناكاسيا (Ανακασιά) هي مدينة في ماغنيسيا في مقاطعة فوريا إلادا في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 952   نسمة.

مراجع

مدن اليونان

أناكاسيا (ماغنيسيا)


Rossiza Pechliwanowa (, engl. Transkription Rositsa Pekhlivanova; * 31. Januar 1955 in Sliwen) ist eine ehemalige bulgarische Mittelstreckenläuferin.

1975 gewann sie jeweils Bronze bei den Leichtathletik-Halleneuropameisterschaften in Kattowitz über 800 m und bei der Universiade über 1500 m.

Im Jahr darauf holte sie über 1500 m Bronze bei den Hallen-EM 1976 in München und schied bei den Olympischen Spielen in Montreal im Vorlauf aus.

1974 wurde sie bulgarische Hallenmeisterin über 1500 m, 1975 über 800 m. Außerdem wurde sie viermal bulgarische Meisterin im Crosslauf (1974, 1977, 1979, 1981).

Persönliche Bestzeiten

 800 m: 2:01,46 min, 26. Juli 1975, Montreal
 1000 m: 2:35,2 min, 4. Juli 1976,	Sofia
 1500 m: 4:09,0 min, 17. August 1975, Nizza

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1976
Mittelstreckenläufer (Bulgarien)
Olympiateilnehmer (Bulgarien)
Bulgare
Geboren 1955
Frau
Teilnehmer der Sommer-Universiade 1975
Universiadeteilnehmer (Bulgarien)

Rossiza Pechliwanowa


خالد بن سليمان الدايل لاعب كرة قدم سعودي دولي سابق، لعب في مركز حارس المرمى لنادي الهلال. حصل الدايل مع الهلال على كأس آسيا للأندية أبطال الدوري عام 1991م، حين تصدى لركلة الجزاء الترجيحية الأخيرة التي أعطت البطولة للهلال, واعتزل كرة القدم ذلك الموسم، كما لعب للمنتخب السعودي في كأس العرب عام 1992م، وهو يحمل أفضل رقم تاريخي بالدوري السعودي في قلة عدد الأهداف التي دخلت مرماه في الدوري عندما كان يلعب مع نادي الهلال السعودي، وقد شكل وقتها صمام أمان كبير في حراسة الهلال والمنتخب السعودي بصحبة الحارس العملاق المعتزل عبد الله الدعيع.

بعد اعتزاله عاد ليكمل مشوار دراسته حتى حصل على درجة الماجستير والدكتوراة في الدراسات الإسلامية من جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية بالرياض. عمل سنة 1997 مديراً لمدرسة الجزيرة الثانوية بالرياض، ولكنه لم يستمر أكثر من سنة. بعد ذلك تفرغ لعمل المحاضرات التوعوية والدينية قبل أن يفتتح قناته الأولى وهي قناة روائع الفضائية الشبابية وهي قناة إسلامية شبابية, ومن خلالها شكل مع الثنائي الشيخ صالح الحمودي والشيخ سليمان الجبيلان ثلاثي مميز في أغلب البرامج والانشطة التي يشاركون بها.

لاعبو دوري المحترفين السعودي
لاعبو كرة قدم سعوديون
لاعبو نادي الهلال (السعودية)

خالد الدايل


Gökyüzü ya da gökkubbe, çeşitli nedenlerden ötürü tanımlaması zor bir kavramdır. Kabaca kişinin açık alanda yukarı baktığında gördüğü, tüm gök cisimlerini çevrelediği gözlemlenen boşluk olarak nitelendirilebilir. Bu tanıma göre kuşların ve uçakların gökyüzünde uçtuğu, yağmur ve gökkuşağı gibi atmosferik olayların yanı sıra güneşin batışının veya yıldız kaymasının da gökyüzünde gerçekleştiği varsayılır.

Gökyüzünün maviliği

Gökyüzünün mavi görünmesinin asıl nedeni kırılma olayıdır:

 Güneş ışınları atmosfere girdiğinde atmosferdeki gaz moleküllerine ve toz parçacıklarına çarparak saçılır. Gün ışığı değişik dalga boylu birçok ışından oluşur. En kısa dalga boylu mavi ışınlar atmosferin üst tabakalarındaki küçük parçacıklar tarafından hemen saçılırlar. Fakat kırmızı ışık saçılmak için daha büyük parçacıklara çarpmak zorundadır.
 Gökyüzü açık olduğunda, mavi ışık diğer ışıklara oranla en fazla saçılan ışıktır. Bu yüzden de gökyüzü mavi görünür. Mesela gökyüzü yağmur bulutlarıyla veya dumanla dolu olduğunda tüm ışınlar neredeyse aynı oranda saçılır. Bu da gökyüzünün gri renkte görünmesine sebep olur.

Kaynakça

Meteoroloji kavram ve fenomenleri
Gözlemsel astronomi

Gökyüzü


Clément Ducos, né le 4 mars 2001 à Pessac, est un athlète français, spécialiste du 400 m et du 400 m haies.

Biographie
A la surprise générale, il remporte le 400 m des championnats de France en salle 2022. Après avoir décroché une bourse, il rejoint l'Université du Tennessee et concourt notamment sur le 4x400m et 400m haies sur des compétitions nationales américaines.

Palmarès

Records

Notes et références

Liens externes

Sprinteur français
Hurdleur français
Naissance en mars 2001
Naissance à Pessac
Étudiant de l'université du Tennessee

Clément Ducos


Lista de aeroportos de Minas Gerais, constando o nome oficial do aeroporto, o código IATA e/ou o código ICAO e o município onde tal aeroporto se encontra. Não há aeroportos estaduais, tendo em vista que são diretamente delegados aos municípios.

Internacionais

Concessão

 Aeroporto Internacional Tancredo Neves (IATA: CNF / ICAO: SBCF) - Confins (Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte)

Regionais

Federais Infraero

 Aeroporto Brigadeiro Antônio Cabral (IATA: DIQ / ICAO: SNDV) - Divinópolis
 Aeroporto Carlos Prates (IATA: *** / ICAO: SBPR) - Belo Horizonte
 Aeroporto de Ipatinga (IATA: IPN / ICAO: SBIP) - Santana do Paraíso
 Aeroporto de Montes Claros (IATA: MOC / ICAO: SBMK) - Montes Claros
 Aeroporto da Pampulha (IATA: PLU / ICAO: SBBH) - Belo Horizonte
 Aeroporto de Uberaba (IATA: UBA / ICAO: SBUR) - Uberaba
 Aeroporto de Uberlândia (IATA: UDI / ICAO: SBUL) - Uberlândia
 Aeroporto Major Brigadeiro Doorgal Borges - (IATA: OAK/ ICAO: SBBO) - Barbacena
 Aeroporto Regional Dom José Mauro (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNAP)- Janaúba

Municipais

 Aeroporto das Bandeirinhas (IATA: ***/ ICAO: SNKF) - Conselheiro Lafaiete
 Aeroporto Comandante Paschoal Patrocínio Filho (Alfenas) (IATA: ***/ ICAO: SNFE) - Alfenas
 Aeroporto Coronel Altino Machado (IATA: GVR / ICAO: SBGV) - Governador Valadares
 Aeroporto Cristiano Ferreira Varella (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNBM) - Muriaé
 Aeroporto de Campo Belo (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNCA) -  Campo Belo
 Aeroporto de Capelinha (IATA: *** / ICAO: SICK) - Capelinha
 Aeroporto de Caratinga (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNCT) -  Ubaporanga
 Aeroporto de Caxambu (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNXB) - Caxambu
 Aeroporto de Cláudio (IATA: *** / ICAO: SWUD) - Cláudio
 Aeroporto de Diamantina (IATA: DTI / ICAO: SNDT) - Diamantina
 Aeroporto de Espinosa (IATA: ESI / ICAO: SBEP) - Espinosa
 Aeroporto de Frutal (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNFU) - Frutal
 Aeroporto de Ituiutaba (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNYB) - Ituiutaba
 Aeroporto de Mocambinho (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNMK) - Jaíba
 Aeroporto de Januária (IATA: JNA / ICAO: SNJN) - Januária
 Aeroporto de Leopoldina (IATA: LEP / ICAO: SNDN) - Leopoldina
 Aeroporto de Monte Verde (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNEJ) - Camanducaia
 Aeroporto de Nanuque (IATA: NNU / ICAO: SNNU) - Nanuque
 Aeroporto de Patos de Minas (IATA: POJ / ICAO: SNPD) - Patos de Minas
 Aeroporto de Pirapora (IATA: PIV / ICAO: SNPX) - Pirapora
 Aeroporto de Pouso Alegre (IATA: PPY / ICAO: SNZA) - Pouso Alegre
 Aeroporto Deputado José Aldo dos Santos (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNRZ) - Oliveira
 Aeroporto de São Lourenço (IATA: SSO / ICAO: SNLO) - São Lourenço
 Aeroporto de São Sebastião do Paraíso (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNPY) - São Sebastião do Paraíso
 Aeroporto de Ubá (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNUB) - Ubá
 Aeroporto de Unaí (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNUN) - Unaí
 Aeroporto de Viçosa (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNVC) - Viçosa
 Aeroporto Elias Breder (Regional de Manhuaçu) (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNJM) - Manhuaçu
 Aeroporto Embaixador Walther Moreira Salles (IATA: POO / ICAO: SBPC) - Poços de Caldas
 Aeroporto Francisco Álvares de Assis (IATA: JDF / ICAO: SBJF) - Juiz de Fora
 Aeroporto Juscelino Kubitscheck (IATA: TFL / ICAO: SNTO) - Teófilo Otoni
 Aeroporto Major Brigadeiro Trompowsky (IATA: VAG / ICAO: SBVG) - Varginha
 Aeroporto Municipal José Figueiredo (IATA: PSW / ICAO: SNOS) - Passos
 Aeroporto Pedro Rabelo de Souza (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNZR) - Paracatu
 Aeroporto Romeu Zema (Araxá) (IATA: AAX/ ICAO: SBAX) - Araxá

Concessões

 Aeroporto de Bom Despacho (IATA: *** / ICAO: SNGQ) - Bom Despacho
 Aeroporto Presidente Itamar Franco (IATA: IZA / ICAO: SBZM) - Goianá
 Aeroporto Prefeito Octávio de Almeida Neves (IATA: JDR / ICAO: SNJR) - São João del-Rei

!Artigos novos
Minas Gerais
Aeroportos de Minas Gerais

Lista de aeroportos de Minas Gerais


Adenosciadium, monotipski biljni rod iz porodice štitarki. Jedina je vrsta omanski endem A. arabicum.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Apioideae

Adenosciadium


Kup Hrvatske u kuglanju je hrvatsko klupsko kup natjecanje u kuglanju u muškoj konkurenciji, kojeg orgnizira Hrvatski kuglački savez.

O natjecanju
Kup Hrvatske je prvo izdanje imalo u sezoni 2009./10. te se igra pretežno u proljetnom dijelu sezone, a prethode mu kup natjecanja po županijskim i regionalnim savezima. Igra se po jednostrukom kup-sustavu, a sudionici poluzavršnice igraju na završnom turniru.

Pobjednici i finalisti

Povezani članci
 Hrvatski kuglački savez
 Prva hrvatska kuglačka liga
 Kup SR Hrvatske u kuglanju za muškarce
 Kup Hrvatske u kuglanju za žene
 Kup Jugoslavije u kuglanju za muškarce

Vanjske poveznice
 kuglanje.hr, Hrvatski kuglački savez
 kuglacki-savez-os.hr, Kuglački savez Osječko-baranjske županije

Izvori
 kuglanje.hr, Bilten
 kuglacki-savez-os.hr, Rezultati, pristupljeno 30. ožujka 2019.
 kuglacki-savez-os.hr, Kup Republike Hrvatske - Kronologija finala 2010.-2019. , preuzeto 3. srpnja 2019.

Kup Hrvatske u kuglanju za muškarce


Pekka Lagerblom (Lahti, Finlandia, 19 de octubre de 1982), es un futbolista finlandés, se desempeña como centrocampista y actualmente juega en el FC Lahti, ha disputado la mayor parte de su carrera en Alemania. Ha sido internacional con la selección de fútbol de Finlandia.

Clubes

Palmarés

SV Werder Bremen

 Bundesliga: 2003-04
 Copa de Alemania: 2004

Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol de Finlandia
Futbolistas del F. C. Lahti
Futbolistas del Werder Bremen II
Futbolistas del Werder Bremen en los años 2000
Futbolistas del FC Nürnberg en los años 2000
Futbolistas del 1. FC Colonia en los años 2000
Futbolistas del Alemannia Aquisgrán en los años 2000
Futbolistas del FSV Frankfurt en los años 2000
Futbolistas del FSV Frankfurt en los años 2010
Futbolistas del VfB Stuttgart en los años 2010
Futbolistas del VfB Stuttgart II
Futbolistas del RasenBallsport Leipzig en los años 2010
Futbolistas del IFK Mariehamn
Futbolistas del FC Haka
Nacidos en Lahti

Pekka Lagerblom


Onthophagus unidentatus é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Boucomont em 1927.

Referências

Ligações externas

unidentatus
Coleópteros descritos em 1927

Onthophagus unidentatus


Wolfe's Pond Park ist ein öffentlicher Park auf Staten Island in New York City im US-Bundesstaat New York. Unterhalten wird der Park vom New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.

Lage
Der Park umfasst eine Fläche von etwa 1,2 Quadratkilometern und liegt an der Lower New York Bay auf der südlichen Seiten der Insel Staten Island, in einem Gebiet das South Shore genannt wird. Der Park wird im Norden von der Staten Island Railway, in Westen durch die Holten Avenue, im Süden durch die Lower New York Bay, beziehungsweise die Raritan Bay und im Osten durch die Chisolm Street, Luten Avenue und Irvington Street begrenzt. Der Hylan Boulevard führt mitten durch den Park, der Haupteingang ist die Cormalia Street, die vom Hylan Boulevard zum Parkplatz im südlichen Teil des Parks führt. Dort befinden sich weiterhin Wolfe's Pond, ein See der fast bis an den Strand reicht, zwei Spielplätze, verschiedene Sportplätze und ein Zugang zum Strand. Der nördliche Teil des Parks ist ursprünglicher, hier befinden sich vorwiegend Wälder mit Seen. In der nordöstlichen Ecke befindet sich die Tottenville High School.

Geschichte
Entstanden ist die Landschaft in der sich heute der Park befindet etwa vor 20.000 Jahren am Ende der letzten Eiszeit. Als das Wisconsin Eis Schild sich Richtung Süden ausgebreitet hat, hat es große Mengen von Sand, Lehm und Kies verfrachtet. Einiges von diesem Material ist noch heute am Strand im Park sichtbar. Vor etwa 6.000 Jahren siedelten amerikanische Ureinwohner im Gebiet und lebten neben dem Fischfang und der Jagd auch von Feldfrüchten wie Kürbis und Mais die sie hier anbauten. Als die Europäer im 17. Jahrhundert hier ankamen, entwickelte sich am Südufer von Staten Island eine Industrie zum Fang und Verarbeitung von Austern, die in der Bucht in hohen Populationen vorkamen und kommerziell gefangen wurden. Weiterhin wurde hier vom Besitzer Joel Wolfe auf seinem Land Landwirtschaft betrieben. Im Jahr 1857 kaufte der Staat New York das Land, um dort eine Quarantänestation für kranke Immigranten einzurichten. Später wurde diese Einrichtung auf die künstlich angelegten Inseln Hoffman Island und Swinburne Island verlagert und das Land 1907 an einen privaten Investor verkauft. 1929 kauft die Stadt New York das Land. Zu dieser Zeit befanden sich zahlreiche Sommerhäuschen um den See. Im Jahr 1933 wurden diese Gebäude abgerissen und die Parkanlagen angelegt. Weiterhin wurde ein Damm zwischen dem Meer und dem See errichtet um Überflutungen mit Salzwasser zu verhindern. Im Jahr 1941 wollte die Stadt den Wolfe's Pond Parkway bauen, der den Richmond Parkway mit dem Park verbinden sollte. Dieser etwa 1,6 Kilometer lange Abschnitt, den der einflussreiche Stadtplaner Robert Moses vorstellte, wurde allerdings nie gebaut. In den Karten der Region war er aber noch bis in die 1970er Jahre als in Planung eingezeichnet.

Erreichbarkeit
Neben der Möglichkeit den Park mit dem Auto über den Hylan Boulevard zu besuchen, kann man von der Station Prince's Bay der Staten Island Railway den Park zu Fuß erreichten. Weiterhin verkehren auf dem Hylan Boulevard mehrere Buslinien.

Trivia

Der Kriminelle Costabile Farace ermordete am 8. Oktober 1979 zusammen mit drei weiteren Kumpanen einen 17-jährigen Jungen und verletzte seinen 16-jährigen Freund im Park.

In den Jahren 1991 und 2011 wurde der Damm zwischen dem See und dem Meer überspült und brach. Das in den See eindringende Salzwasser tötete viele der dort beheimateten Süßwasserfische und Wasserschildkröten.

Im Jahr 2011 fand ein Super Spartan Race im Park statt. Dabei handelt es sich um einen besonderen Hindernislauf über 8 Meilen mit über 20 verschiedenen Prüfungen und Hindernissen.

Jedes Jahr am 4. Juli, dem Unabhängigkeitstag findet im Park ein Fest mit großem Feuerwerk statt, das viele Zuschauer in den Park zieht.

Einzelnachweise

Staten Island
Parkanlage in New York City
Parkanlage in Nordamerika

Wolfe’s Pond Park


Tilde Therese Harkamp (født 12. november 1969 på Frederiksberg) er en dansk filminstruktør.

Harkamp har en bachelor i kommunikation foruden en i sprog og økonomi. Hun er derudover uddannet fra filmuddannelsen Super16.

Filmografi

Spillefilm
 Iqbal & den hemmelige opskrift (2015)
 Jagtsæson (2019)

Kortfilm
 Efterladt (2001)

Tv-serier
 2900 Happiness (2007)
 Isas Stepz (2008)
 Lærkevej (2009)
Friheden (2018)

Julekalendere
 Ludvig & Julemanden (2011)
 Tvillingerne og Julemanden (2013)
 Den Anden verden (2016)

Eksterne henvisninger

Filminstruktører fra Danmark
Personer fra Frederiksberg

Tilde Harkamp


Thomas Ahlström (født 17. juli 1952) er en svensk tidligere fodboldspiller (midtbane).

Ahlström spillede størstedelen af sin karriere i hjemlandet, hvor han tilbragte 13 sæsoner hos Elfsborg. Han var med til at vinde både det svenske mesterskab og Svenska Cupen med klubben. Han var også i tre sæsoner tilknyttet Olympiakos i Grækenland, og vandt tre græske mesterskaber med klubben.

For Sveriges landshold spillede Ahlström 11 kampe. Han var en del af den svenske trup til VM 1974 i Vesttyskland.

Titler
Græsk mesterskab
 1980, 1981 og 1982 med Olympiakos

Græsk Pokal
 1981 med Olympiakos

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Sverige
Fodboldspillere fra IF Elfsborg
Fodboldspillere fra Olympiakos
Deltagere ved verdensmesterskabet i fodbold 1974

Thomas Ahlström


La wau (𐤅) es la sexta letra del alfabeto fenicio. Representaba el sonido cerrado y posterior transliterado como /w/ o /u:/. De esta letra derivan la waw siríaca (ܘ), la waw hebrea (ו), la wāw árabe (و), las digamma o ϝαυ, wau (Ϝ) e ípsilon (Υ) griegas, las F, V, Y, U y W latinas y las Ѵ, У y Ў cirílicas.

Historia

Origen
Literalmente significa «anzuelo» o «lanza» y probablemente deriva de un glifo con el mismo significado. De hecho, en hebreo moderno וָו vav significa tanto «anzuelo» como el nombre de esta letra (que también se puede escribir וי״ו).

Correspondencia egipcia
En jeroglífico egipcio el sonido /w/ se puede representar de dos formas. La primera es utilizando el jeroglífico de "pollito de codorniz"; en este caso el sonido de este jeroglífico será /w/o/u/. La segunda manera de representarlo es utilizando un "rizo"; en este caso el sonido de este jeroglífico será /w/o/u̯/.

Evolución

Descendientes

Alfabeto árabe

En árabe esta letra se llama واو  (wāw) y está en la posición penúltima del alfabeto, justo antes de ya (ي). Es una letra lunar.

Representa el sonido semiconsonántico . Además, esta letra se utiliza para alargar la vocal corta damma: (بو) [buː].

Representa el sonido . Además, esta letra se utiliza para alargar la vocal corta damma : (بو) [buː].

Wāw, a diferencia de la mayoría de letras del alfabeto árabe, no se une a la siguiente letra de la palabra, de ahí que la forma inicial coincida con la aislada.

Alfabeto hebreo

En hebreo se escribe como , el nombre completo en hebreo es , transcrito como vav.

En un principio, la vav representaba la consonante aproximante labiovelar sonora . No obstante,  se emplea también como mater lectionis para transcribir las vocales  y . En hebreo moderno, la vav también representa la consonante fricativa labiodental sonora .

Alfabeto siríaco
En el alfabeto siríaco, la sexta letra es ܘ, waw (ܘܐܘ), que se pronuncia [w]. Cuando se usa como mater lectionis, una waw con un punto "encima" de la letra se pronuncia [o] y una waw con un punto debajo de la letra se pronuncia [u]. Waw tiene un valor numérico alfabético de 6.

Unicode

Véase también
 Alfabeto fenicio

Referencias

Alfabeto fenicio

𐤅


Federica Brignone () este o schioară italiană ce participă la Cupa Mondială de Schi Alpin. Este născută la Milano, Lombardia, mama sa este Maria Rosa Quario, fostă schioare în Cupa Mondială la începutul anilor 1980 care a câștigat 4 etape și de 15 ori s-a aflat pe podium, toate în proba de slalom.

Brignone și-a făcut debutul la Cupa Mondială, în decembrie 2007, la vârsta de 17 ani, iar primul ei sezon complet pe circuitul Cupei Mondiale a fost în 2010. La prima ediție a Campionatelor Mondiale la care a participat, în 2011, Brignone a câștigat medalia de argint la slalom uriaș. În decembrie 2012, Brignon a suferit o operație la glezna dreapta pentru a elimina un chist supărător și a ratat restul sezonului 2013. În noiembrie 2014, s-a clasat pe  șapte podiumuri în Cupa Mondială, toate la slalom uriaș.

Rezultate Cupa Mondială

Clasări pe sezoane

Clasări pe podium
 1 victorii – (1 Slalom Uriaș)
 10 podiumuri – (10 Slalom Uriaș)

Referințe

Legături externe

  Site-ul oficial

Nașteri în 1990
Nașteri pe 14 iulie
Schiori italieni
Schi alpin
Sportivi italieni în viață
Competitori la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2010
Competitori la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2014
Competitori la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2018
Competitori la Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2022
Oameni din Milano

Federica Brignone


James Angulo (født 20. januar 1974) er en tidligere colombiansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Shonan Bellmare.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Colombia

James Angulo


مطار نواكشوط أم التونسي الدولي  هو مطار دولي جديد إفتتح في سنة 2016، وهو يخدم مدينة نواكشوط عاصمة موريتانيا. ويقع 25 كلم شمال نواكشوط، يُعتبر المطار مركز العمليات الرئيسي لشركة الموريتانية للطيران، وأكبر مطار في موريتانيا.

تجهيزات المطار
تبلغ مساحة المبنى الرئيسي لمطار أم التونسي 18000 متر مربع ويضم مدرجين، كما تصل قدرته الإستيعابية أكثر من مليوني مُسافر سنوياً. ويضم المطار جناحا للمسافرين وجناحا للشحن ومواقف للطائرات وصالات شرف رئاسية وأخرى للوزراء ومواقف لطائرات الشحن ومقرا للصيانة بمساحة 4800 متر مربع وبرج مراقبة بارتفاع 38 متر وست منصات ربط بالطائرات. كما يضم مسجدا ومكاتب إدارية وملحقات خدمية أخرى فضلا عن التجهيزات الضرورية للملاحة وأخرى مضادة للحرائق ومنشآت للتزود بالوقود.

تاريخ
تم افتتاح المطار رسمياً للرحلات الجوية التجارية من طرف الرئيس الموريتاني محمد ولد عبد العزيز في 23 يونيو 2016، وقد جاءت فكرة هذا المطار الجديد لتعويض مطار نواكشوط القديم الذي أصبح صغيراً وبنياته التحتية مهترئة ولا تواكب التطورات والمعايير الدولية في مجال الطيران.

شركات الطيران

انظر أيضا

 قائمة مطارات موريتانيا

مراجع

تأسيسات سنة 2016 في إفريقيا
نواكشوط الدولي
مطارات أسست في سنة 2016
مطارات موريتانيا
نواكشوط
تأسيسات سنة 2016 في موريتانيا

مطار نواكشوط الدولي


Absürdizm, herhangi bir yaratıcı olmadığından insanlığın evrende bir anlam bulmasına yönelik uğraşlarının boşa bir çaba olduğunu ve eninde sonunda bu anlam uğraşının başarısız olacağını söyleyen felsefi düşünce akımıdır.

Absürdizm, varoluşçuluk ile bağlantılıdır fakat birbiriyle karıştırılmamalıdır. Absürdizmin kökenleri 19. yüzyıl Danimarkalı filozof Søren Kierkegaard'a dayanır. Albert Camus'nün Sisifos Söyleni'yi yayınlanmasıyla absürdizmin sınırları belirlenmiş ve tam anlamıyla ortaya çıkmıştır. II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında işgal edilen Fransa'da absürdist (saçma, uyumsuz) görüşler yaygınlık kazanmıştır.

Søren Kierkegaard
Camus'den bir yüzyıl önce Danimarkalı filozof Søren Kierkegaard dünyanın absürtlüğü (usa aykırı olması, saçmalığı) hakkında birçok yazı kaleme almıştır. Günlüklerinde absürt için şöyle der:

Ünlü eseri Korku ve Titreme'de Yaratılış hikâyesinde adı geçen İbrahim'den örnek verir. Tanrı İbrahim'e oğlu İsmail'i öldürmesini söylemiştir. Oğlunu öldürmek üzereyken bir melek onu durdurur. Kierkegaard bu hikâyenin absürdün erdemi olduğunu düşünür.

Amacı
Absürdizme göre insanlar tarih boyunca yaşamlarında bir anlam bulmaya çalışmışlardır. Fakat bu dünyayla ilgili usa uygun bir cevap bulmak mümkün olmayacağından bu arayış kaçınılmaz olarak faydasız olacaktır. Sonunda ise insanları iki yoldan birine seçmeye itecektir: "Hayatın anlamsız olduğu sonucu" ya da "Tanrı'ya inanmak, bir dine yapışmak". Fakat yukarıdaki argüman tekrar uygulanabilir: "Tanrı'nın amacı nedir?" Kierkegaard, Tanrı'nın bilinebilir mantıklı bir amacının olmadığına inanır, absürdü Tanrı'da da bulur.

İntihar etmek hayatın saçmalığına karşı "uğraşmaya değmez" demektir ve rasyonel bir tepki gibi görülebilir. Fakat birçok insana göre bu bir çözüm değildir, ölüm absürdü ortadan kaldırmaz, absürt ile bağlantıyı koparır sadece. Albert Camus, Sisifos Söyleni'de intiharın faydalı bir çözüm olmadığını söyler, çünkü hayat bütünüyle absürt ise onunla savaşmanın yolu aradaki bağı sürdürmekten geçer. Eğer bilinç yaşamıyorsa ki absürdü trajik yapan Sisifos'un taşın düşeceğinin farkında olmasıdır, akıl ve absürt arasındaki etkileşim var olmayacaktır. Ölüm ise bunu ortadan kaldırır ve ölümde de bir anlam yoktur, kısacası intihar insanın nihai yazgısını hızlandırmaktan başka bir işe yaramayacaktır. Camus, asıl isyanın yaşarken absürde baş kaldırmak olduğunu söyler.

Absürdizmin varoluşçuluk ve nihilizm ile ilişkisi

Örnekler
 Korku ve Titreme, Søren Kierkegaard
 Ölümcül Hastalık Umutsuzluk, Søren Kierkegaard
 Godot'yu Beklerken, Absürt tiyatro örneği, Samuel Beckett
 Yabancı, Veba, Düşüş ve Sisifos Söyleni, Albert Camus
 Dönüşüm, Franz Kafka'nın uzun öyküsü.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Absürt Kahraman, Bob Lane'nin yazısı 1996 (İngilizce)
 The New Absurdist (İngilizce)

Felsefi akımlar
Varoluşçuluk kavramları

Absürdizm


Kuglački klub "Željezničar" (KK "Željezničar"; Željezničar Koprivnica; Željezničar) je muški kuglački klub iz Koprivnice, Koprivničko-križevačka županija. Republika Hrvatska.
U sezoni 2019./20. klub se natjecao u "3. hrvatskoj kuglačkoj ligi - Sjever - Zona Varaždin", ligi četvrtog stupnja hrvatske kuglačke lige za muškarce.

O klubu
Kuglački klub "Željezničar" je osnovan 1954. godine. Od osamostaljenja Republike Hrvatske pretežno se natječe u kuglačkim ligama Hrvatske kuglačke regije - "Sjever".

Uspjesi

Ekipno

Pojedinačno

Pregled plasmana po sezonama

Poznati igrači

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Koprivnica

Vanjske poveznice
 aplikacija.kuglanje.hr, Željezničar - 810160 (Kuglački savez Koprivničko-križevačke županije)
 aplikacija.kuglanje.hr, Željezničar Kc
 kuglanje.hr, Željezničar Kc
 sportilus.com, KUGLAČKI KLUB ŽELJEZNIČAR KOPRIVNICA
 zsu-kc.hr, Zajednica športskih udruga Grada Koprivnice, Članice

Izvori
 poslovna.hr, KUGLAČKI KLUB ŽELJEZNIČAR KOPRIVNICA
 fininfo.hr, KK "Željezničar"
 bisnode.hr, KUGLAČKI KLUB "ŽELJEZNIČAR" KOPRIVNICA
 companywall.hr, KK "Željezničar"

Željezničar
Šport u Koprivnici

Kuglački klub Željezničar Koprivnica


Marino Maranzana (* 14. September 1950 in Triest) ist ein italienischer Regisseur und Drehbuchautor.

Maranzana, Sohn des Schauspielers Mario, war in erster Line für das Fernsehen tätig, für das er zahlreiche Kulturprogramme mit Beiträgen belieferte; daneben produzierte er für die RAI und unabhängige Auftraggeber zahlreiche Dokumentarfilme und Serienbeiträge. Einen abendfüllenden, im Fernsehen uraufgeführten Film, präsentierte er 1985 mit La malattia del vivere. In Sardinien und Sizilien unterrichtet Maranzana Regie und Drehbuch.

Filmografie
 1985: La malattia di vivere (Fernsehfilm)

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Drehbuchautor
Fernsehregisseur
Dokumentarfilmer
Italiener
Geboren 1950
Mann

Marino Maranzana


Aşkın Nur Yengi, (d. 3 Temmuz 1970, İstanbul), Türk şarkıcı ve oyuncu.

Hayatı ve kariyeri

1970-1989: İlk yılları
Erzincanlı devlet memuru Bahattin Yengi ile Trabzonlu ev hanımı Samime Yengi'nin son çocuğu olarak dünyaya geldi. Ahmet Yengi isminde bir abisi ve Sezen Aksu'nun vokalistiğini ve asistanlığını da yapmış Süheyla Yengi isminde bir ablası vardır. İlköğrenimini Erenköy İlköğretim Okulunda tamamlayan sanatçı İstanbul doğumlu olup ortaokul öğrenimine Türk Musikisi Devlet Konservatuvarı'nda çello öğrencisi olarak başlamış, 11 yıllık öğrenim sürecinden sonra mezun olmuştur.

Ortaöğrenimine devam ettiği sıralarda 1981 yılında Onno Tunç orkestrasında Sezen Aksu'nun vokalisti olarak çalışmaya başladı. 1987 yılında Harun Kolçak'la birlikte Grup Periyod adıyla "Güzel Şeyler Söyle" adlı şarkıyla Eurovision Şarkı Yarışması Türkiye Finalleri'ne katıldı. Aynı yıl Kuşadası Altın Güvercin Şarkı Yarışması'nda "Yeniden" ve 1988 Antalya Altın Portakal Film Festivali'nde "Portakal Çiçeği", sonraki yıl Çeşme Müzik Festivali'nde "Artık Hiç Ağlama" adlı şarkılarla uluslararası platformlarda birincilik ödülleri kazandı.

1990-1999: Doksanlar
1990 yılında yayınlanan Sevgiliye adlı ilk albümü ile beğeni toplayıp büyük satış rakamlarına ulaşarak 90'ların ilk başarılı şarkıcısı olarak adını duyurdu. Sonraki yıllarda çıkardığı albümlerinin tanıtımı için yurt dışında birçok ülkeye turneye çıktı. Malta ve Birleşik Krallık'ta albümünde yer verdiği şarkıları için müzik klipleri çekti. 2007 yılında ise Sevgiliye, Hesap Ver, Sıramı Bekliyorum ve Kara Çiçeğim albümlerinden seçilmiş 13 şarkılık toplama albümü Aşk'ın Şarkıları'nı yayınlandı.

Müzik albümlerinin yanı sıra değişik projelerde de yer alan sanatçı 1980'li yıllardan bu yana birçok reklam müziği seslendirdi. 1994 yılında Kurtuluş adlı televizyon dizisinde Atatürk'ün akrabası Fikriye Hanım'ı canlandırdı ve jenerik müziğini yorumladı. 2001 yılında Levent Kırca ve ekibiyle birlikte "Kadıncıklar" adlı oyunda tiyatro sahnesiyle tanıştı. Aynı yıl yine Levent Kırca ve ekibiyle birlikte Olacak O Kadar adlı güldürü programında rol aldı ve programın müzik direktörlüğünü üstlendi. Cesur Kuşku ve Bayanlar Baylar adlı dizilerde rol alan Yengi, Zeki Alasya ve Mehmet Ali Erbil gibi oyuncularla birlikte Ömerçip filminde rol aldı. Bir dönem Rafet El Roman'la konserler verdi.

Sezen Aksu'nun büyük desteğini alan şarkıcı çok başarılı olmuştur. "Ayrılmam" adlı şarkısı Levent Yüksel ve Kargo tarafından yeniden yorumlanmış fakat ikisi de orijinal kaydın başarısını elde edememiştir. Yine Aşkın Nur Yengi TRT için hazırlanan Türkiye'nin ilk halk oyunu yarışması Altın Adımlar Halk Oyunları Yarışması'nın jüri üyeliğini Müjde Ar, Ahmet Demirbağ ve Yavuz Bingöl ile birlikte yaptı.

Özel hayatı
Aşkın Nur Yengi, Haluk Bilginer'le 2006'da evlendi ve bir kız çocuğu annesidir. 2012 yılında çift boşanma kararı almış ve tek celsede boşanmıştır.

Diskografi

Albümleri

Single'ları
 "Peşindeyim" (2000) (Rafet El Roman ile)
 "Allah'tan Kork" (2019) (Mehmet Erdem ile)
 "Baba" (2020)

Yer aldığı diğer albümler
 Sultan Süleyman, Oldu Mu?, Bir Çocuk Sevdim, Hasret, Hayır (1988) "Sezen Aksu 88" - Sezen Aksu
 Yeniden (1998) "Teslim Oldum" - Harun Kolçak
 Kırmızı Gül Demet Demet (2002) "Habersiz Türküler" - Ali Kırca
 Aşk Bitti (2007) "Çeyrek"  - Ezginin Günlüğü
 Şimdi Uzaklardasın (2009) "Mucize Nağmeler" - Çeşitli Sanatçılar
 Ünzile (2013) "Aysel'in" - Aysel Gürel
 Sevdik Ya / Ana Daye Men Dounak (2014) "Habib Dehkati" - Ragheb Alama
 Atın Beni Denizlere (2015) "Kayahan'ın En İyileri" - Kayahan
 Unutulmuş muydum? (2015) "Özülkü Project/Bizim Şarkılar" - Eda Özülkü ve Metin Özülkü
 Söyle Canım (2016) "Altın Düetler" - Erol Evgin
 Bile Bile (2016) "Çeyrek Asır" - Harun Kolçak
 Hayatı Tesbih Yapmışım (2017) "Alakasız Şarkılar Vol. 1" - Yaşar Gaga
 İki Satır Yara (2023) "Fatih" - Mabel Matiz

Ödülleri
 1987 - Kuşadası Altın Güvercin Şarkı Yarışması
 1988 - Altın Portakal Film Festivali
 1989 - Çeşme Müzik Festivali

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Yaşayan insanlar
Aşkın Nur Yengi
1970 doğumlular
İstanbul doğumlu kadın şarkıcılar
20. yüzyıl kadın şarkıcıları
21. yüzyıl kadın şarkıcıları
1990'ların şarkıcıları
2000'lerin şarkıcıları
2010'ların şarkıcıları
Türk kadın sinema oyuncuları
Türk kadın tiyatro oyuncuları
Türk kadın dizi oyuncuları
Emre Plak sanatçıları
Sony Müzik sanatçıları
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Türk Musikisi Devlet Konservatuvarında öğrenim görenler
Türk kadın pop şarkıcıları
Türk kadın şarkıcı-şarkı yazarları

Aşkın Nur Yengi


Russian postmodernism refers to the cultural, artistic, and philosophical condition in Russia since the downfall of the Soviet Union and dialectical materialism.  With respect to statements about post-Soviet philosophy or sociology, the term is primarily used by non-Russians to describe the state of economic and political uncertainty they observe since the fall of communism and the way this uncertainty affects Russian identity.  'Postmodernism' is, however, a term often used by Russian critics to describe contemporary Russian art and literature.

Artistic origins
In art, postmodernism entered the Soviet Union in the 1960s after the end of the Stalinist move toward liberalization with the advent of the Russian conceptualist movement.  Beginning as an underground political-artistic move against the use of Socialist realism as a method of social control and becoming a full-fledged movement with the Moscow Conceptualists, Russian conceptualism used the symbolism of Socialist realism against the Soviet government.

See also
 History of the Soviet Union (1953–1964)
 History of the Soviet Union (1964–1982)
 History of the Soviet Union (1982–1991)
 History of post-Soviet Russia
 Mark Lipovetsky
 Modernism
 Postmodernism
 Russian literature
 Socialist realism
 Soviet Nonconformist Art

External links
The Origins and Meaning of Russian Postmodernism, Mikhail Epstein
Russian Postmodernism at Literary Encyclopedia

Postmodern art

Russian postmodernism


وهي جزيرة تشبه شجرة الأرز غير موجودة حاليا, يتم التخطيط لإنشائها من قبل شركة نور الدولية القابضة - لبنان وتشابه جزر النخيل في إمارة دبي. وقامت الشركة بتقديم الخرائط الأولية للمشروع, والذي يبلغ مساحته حوالي 3.311 كيلومتر مربع, وسيأمن حوالي 50,000 فرصة عمل, ويتوقع أن يتم تنفيذه قبالة شاطئ الدامور جنوب مطار رفيق الحريري الدولي. وإن تكلفة المتوقعة للمشروع تبلغ حوالي 7.4 مليار دولار أمريكي, و سيحوي 300 بيت بالإضافة إلى ملعب غولف و بنية تحتية مخصصة به والتي تضم مراكز تكرير المياه و محطة توليد الطاقة.

ويترأس المشروع الدكتور المهندس اللبناني محمد صالح الذي قام بتصميم أطول فندق في العالم برج الروز في دبي , بالإضافة إلى العديد من الابراج السكنية والتجارية في دبي والدوحة والشارقة .

وقال دكتور صالح أنه أخذ الفكرة عندما كان في الطائرة عام 2005 وشاهد شعار الأرزة طائرة طيران الشرق الأوسط, وعندما شاهد الشاطئ اللبناني وتخيل كيف يمكنه عمل هذه المدينة. وأضاف أيضا أن تمويل المشروع ليس مشكلة فقد قامت شركة إرنست و يونغ بالموافقة على المشروع ولكن المشكلة هي أثره على البيئة, وأن العائق الوحيد هو الحصول على رخصة البناء, والتي ينبغ الموافقة عليها أولا من قبل وزارة البيئة ثم السلطات المدنية ثم مجلس النواب اللبناني ثم رئيس الجمهورية اللبنانية.

ويتم نقاش هذا المشروع بين البنانيين بشكل مكثف, خصوصا على مواقع الإنترنت, وخاصة على موقع فيس بوك حيث أقيم العديد من المجموعات بعضها موافق والآخر معارض.

وصلات خارجية
 صور للمشروع على موقع بولغ سبوت
 صور للمشروع على موقع جامعة الآداب والعلوم والتكنولوجيا في لبنان

مصادر

بيئة لبنان
مبان ومنشآت في لبنان

جزيرة الأرز اللبنانية


An Stenia uribei in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Pedro Ortiz Valdivieso. An Stenia uribei in nahilalakip ha genus nga Stenia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Stenia (Orchidaceae)

Stenia uribei


මෙය ක'චොෆ් පළමු නියමය , ක'චොෆ්ගේ තුඩු නියමය , ක'චොෆ‍්ගේ සන්ධි නියමය (හෝ පුඩු නියමය) හා ක'චොෆ්ගේ පළමු නීතිය ලෙසද හදුන්වයි.

විද්‍යුත් ආරෝපණ සංස්ථිති මුලධර්මයෙන් අදහස්  කරනුයේ,

කාලයත් සමඟ ධාරා ඝනත්වය වෙනස් නොවනා විද්‍යුත් පරිපථයක ඕනෑම ලක්ෂ්‍යයක් වෙත ගලනා ධාරාවන්හි  ඓක්‍ය ඉන් පිටට ගලනා ධාරාවන්ගේ ඓක්‍යයට සමාන වේ.

මෙම මූලධර්මයට සමාකාරයක් ලෙස,

එකට හමුවී පසුව වෙන්වූ ගංගා කිහිපයකට බෙදෙනා ගංගා දෙකක් සලකමු. මෙම  මූලධර්මයෙන් ප්‍රකාශ වනුයේ ගංගාවේ උඩින් ගලා ආ ජල ප්‍රමාණයට සමාන ජල ප්‍රමාණයක් , පසුව බෙදුන ගංගා වලින් ගංගාවේ පහළින් ගලා යන බවයි.

කාලයත් සමග ධාරා ඝනත්වය වෙනස් වීම මඟින් අදහස් වනුයේ සමස්ත ධන හෝ ඍණ ආරෝපණය වැඩි වීමයි. ස්ථිති විද්‍යුත් බලවල ශක්තිය නිසා සැලකිය යුතු ප්‍රමාණයකට මෙය සිදුවිය නොහැක. ආරෝපණ හටගැනීම නිසා ප්‍රතිස්පන්ද බල මගින් ආරෝපණ උදාසීන කරයි.

කෙසේ වෙතත් ධාරිත්‍රකයක් තුළ ආරෝපණ හටගැනීමක් සිදුවිය හැක. සාමාන්‍යයෙන් මෙහිදී ආරෝපණය පුළුල් සමාන්තර තහඩු පුරා විසිරේ. පරිපථයේ භෞතික බිඳීමක් මගින් ධන හා ඍණ ආරෝපණ වර්ධනය නතර වන අතර තහඩු මතැති ආරෝපණ එකට එක්වී උදාසීන වේ. මෙම අවස්ථාවේදී ධාරිත්‍රකයේ එක් තහඩුවක් තුළට ගලා යන ධාරාවන්ගේ  එකතුව ශුන්‍ය නොවන අතර එය ආරෝපණ වර්ධනය වීමේ සීඝ්‍රතාවයට සමාන වේ. කෙසේ හෝ විස්ථාපන ධාරාව   dD/dt   ඇතුළත් කරගත් විට නැවතත් ක'චොෆ් නියමය එසේම පවතී. (මෙය අවශ්‍ය වන්නේ යමෙකුට ධාරිත්‍රකය තුළ ධාරා නියමය යෙදීමට අවශ්‍ය නම් පමණි. කෙසේ හෝ පරිපථ විෂ්ලේෂණයේදී ධාරිත්‍රකය එකම ඒකකයක් ලෙස සලකනු ලබයි. ඒ මෙහිදී ශුද්ධ ආරෝපණය සෑම විටම ශුන්‍ය බැව් සාමාන්‍ය ධාරා නියමයට අනුකූල බැවිනි)

වඩාත් තාක්ෂණිකව , ක'චොෆ්ගේ ධාරා නියමය , ඇම්පියර්ගේ නියමයහි අපසාරීතාව සමගින් මැක්ස්වෙල්ගේ නිවැරදි කිරීමත් ගවුස් නියමය එකට සංයුක්ත කිරීමෙන් ලබාගත හැක, එහි ඵලය

සරළව ගතහොත් මෙය ආරෝපණය සංස්ථිතික සමීකරණයයි. (අනුකල ස්වරූපයෙන් සංවෘත පෘෂ්ඨයකින් ඉවතට ගලනා ධාරාව වැසුණු පරිමාව තුළ ආරෝපණ ක්ෂය වීමේ සීඝ්‍රතාවයට සමාන බව මින් කියැවේ.) ක'චොෆ්ගේ ධාරා නියමය ධාරාවේ අපසාරීතාව ශුන්‍යයි යන ප්‍රකාශනයට සමානුරූපීය කාල අවිචලතාව P සදහා සත්‍ය වේ, හෝ විස්ථාපන ධාරාව J සමග අඩංගු වේ නම් සෑම විටම සත්‍ය වන නියමයකි.

ක'චොෆ්ගේ ධාරා නියමයේ න්‍යාස් ස්වරූපය  ,  SPICE  වැනි පරිපථ බොහෝ සමාකරණ මෘදුකාංග සදහා පදනමයි.

ක(ර්)චොෆ්ගේ වෝල්ටීයතා නියමය (KVL)
ක(ර්)චොෆ්ගේ වෝල්ටීයතා නියමය (KVL)

පුඩුවක් වටා සියළු වෝල්ටීයතාවල ඓක්‍ය ශුන්‍යයට සමාන වේ.

මෙම නියමය ක(ර්)චොෆ්ගේ දෙවන නියමය , ක(ර්)චොෆ්ගේ පුඩු (හෝ මෙෂ්)නියමය සහ ක(ර්)චොෆ්ගේ දෙවන නීතිය ලෙස ද හදුන්වයි.

ඕනෑම සංවෘත පර්පථයක් වඩා එක් දිශාවක් ඔස්සේ විද්‍යුත් විභව අන්තරයන්හි  ඓක්‍ය ශුන්‍ය විය යුතුය.

'විද්‍යුත් පරිපථයක් හරහා විවිධ විභව බැස්මයන්හි වීජීය එකතුව පරිපථය තුළ ක්‍රියා කරන විද්‍යුත් ගාමක බලයට සමාන වේ.' ලෙසද නියමය ප්‍රකාශ කළ හැක.

මෙම ප්‍රකාශය පරිපථයේ සෑම ලක්ෂ්‍යයකටම ඒකඵල විභවයක් නියම කළ හැකිය, යන ප්‍රකාශයට සමානුරූපය. (සංස්ථිතික දෛශික ක්ෂේත්‍රය , අදිශ විභවයේ අනුක්‍රමණය ලෙස දැක්විය හැකි ආකාරයටම)

(ශක්ති සංස්ථිති‍මූලධර්මයේ ප්‍රතඵලයක් ලෙස මෙය පෙන්වා දිය හැකිය. නැති නම් , පරිපථයක් වටා වෘත්තාකාරය ගලායන ධාරාවක් සහිත නිත්‍ය චාලන යන්ත්‍රයක් නිපදවීමට හැකියාවක් ලැබෙනු ඇත.)

විද්‍යුත් විභවය , විද්‍යුත් ක්ෂේත්‍රයක් මත රේඛීය අනුකලය ලෙස අර්ථ දැක්වීම සලකමින් ක(ර්)චොෆ්ගේ වෝල්ටීයතා නියමය පහත පරිදි ප්‍රකාශ කළ හැක.

සංවෘත C  පුඩුව වඩා විද්‍යුත් ක්ෂේත්‍රයෙහි රේඛීය අනුකලය ශුන්‍ය බව මින් ස්ථාපිත කරයි. හෝ ,

	 	(පුඩුවක් වටා)

මෙය ෆැරඩේගේ ප්‍රේරණ නියමයෙහිම විශේෂ අවස්ථාවක් පැහැදිලි කිරීමකි. එනම් සංවෘත පුඩුව හා උච්චාවචන චුම්භක ක්ෂේත්‍රයක් සම්බන්ධ නොවන විටය. විචලනයවන චුම්භක ක්ෂේත්‍රයක් පවතින විටදී විද්‍යුත් ක්ෂේත්‍රය සංස්ථිතික නොවන නිසා ශුද්ධ අදිශ විභවයක් අර්ථකථනය කළ නොහැකි අතර පරිපථය වටා විද්‍යුත් ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ රේඛීය අනුකලය ශුන්‍ය නොවේ. ඒ ශක්තිය චුම්භක ක්ෂේත්‍රයෙන් ධාරාවට හුවමාරුවන බැවිනි. (හෝ අනෙක් අතට) ක(ර්)චොෆ්ගේ වෝල්ටීයතා නියමය ප්‍රේරක අඩංගු පරිපථ සදහා ප්‍රබල විභව බැස්මක් සදහා හෝ විද්‍යුත් ගාමක බලයක් සදහා ස්ථිර කිරීම පරිපථයේ සෑම ප්‍රේරණයක්ම සම්බන්ධව  පවතී. එය විද්‍යුත් ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ රේඛීය අනුකලය ෆැරවේගේ ප්‍රේරණ නියමය   මගින් ශුන්‍යයට සමාන නොවන ප්‍රමාණයම වේ.

Reference
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchhoff%27s_circuit_laws

භෞතික විද්‍යාව

ක(ර්)චොෆ්ගේ ධාරා නියමය


Kazi Shahidun Nabi est un avocat bangladais qui a occupé le poste de  procureur général du Bangladesh de 1996 à 1998.

Carrière
Nabi a été admis au barreau de Lincoln's Inn, à Londres, en 1961. Il a été membre du corps enseignant du Central Law College de Dacca. Il a été inscrit à la Cour suprême du Bangladesh en 1986.

Il a également eu une carrière politique puisqu'il a rejoint la Bangladesh Awami League avant l'indépendance du Bangladesh. Il a occupé le poste de secrétaire aux affaires juridiques du parti en 1992. Lors des septièmes élections parlementaires nationales de 1996, Nabi était candidat de la Ligue Awami du Bangladesh dans la circonscription de Munshiganj-1 et a perdu contre A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury. Il a été président du Conseil du barreau du Bangladesh de 1996 à 1998.

Il était procureur général pendant le procès des assassins de Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, le premier président du Bangladesh, le . Le procès a eu lieu dans l'enceinte de la prison centrale de Dacca.  a-t-il déclaré.

En 1999, Nabi a été l'avocat de l'homme d'affaires bangladais  après son arrestation par la branche spéciale de la police, qui l'a accusé d'être impliqué dans le meurtre de l'acteur de cinéma Sohel Chowdhury et d'avoir utilisé des femmes pour la contrebande et la fourniture d'informations et de documents gouvernementaux secrets à l'étranger.

Vie personnelle
Nabi était le fils unique de feu Dr Kazi Wahidun Nabi, l'un des cousins de , ancien président du Parlement national du Bangladesh. Il est décédé le  dans sa résidence de Dhanmondi à Dacca. Son corps a été transporté dans les locaux de la Cour Suprême pour une prière funéraire, comme pour tous les hauts fonctionnaires bangladais, puis il a été enterré au cimetière de Banani.

Références

Personnalité politique bangladaise
Procureur général du Bangladesh
Décès en juillet 2018
Décès à Dacca

K. S. Nabi


Nedeljko Bilkić (Bugojno, 3. ožujka 1941.) je srpski pjevač iz Bosne i Hercegovine. Jedan je od najpopularnijih interpretatora sevdalinke.

Životopis

Rođen je u Bugojnu. U ratu je ostao bez oca, pa ga je odgojila majka, koja je bila muzikalna. Kao vojni stipendist, završio je Srednju tehničku školu u Kragujevcu, a potom je završio Mašinski fakultet u Beogradu. Odmah po dolasku u Beograd, položio je audiciju u Radio Beogradu.

Prvu singl-ploču, nazvanu "Tebi, majko, misli lete" po istoimenoj pjesmi, objavio je 1963. godine za PGP RTB, a iste godine i drugu, i to s ansamblom Miodraga Todorovića Krnjevca i do kraja 1970-ih godina snimio 50 singl-ploča. Prvi LP objavio je 1972. godine, a ukupno je snimio 30 albuma. Veliki broj svojih pjesama je sam komponirao.

Tijekom svoje dugogodišnje karijere, sudjelovao je i osvajao nagrade na svim eminentnim festivalima narodne glazbe - Ilidža, Beogradski sabor, Pesma leta, Hit leta, Hit parada, Vogošća, Moravski biseri i dr. Najveći hitovi u njegovoj karijeri su pjesme: "Krčma u planini", "Most do moga zavičaja", "Amanet mi babo ostavio", "Ja mlad pijem noći", "Bez ljubavi sve je pusto", "Ti si sve što imam", "Tebi, majko, misli lete", "Majka nikad ne umire", "Odmori se, majko", "Kuća je bez tebe prazna", "Ljiljana", "Ne žali je, druže moj"," Ne pitaj me, stara majko", kao i dueti sa suprugom Dušicom — "Nije zlato sve što sija" i "Sedam godina sreće".

Oženjen je pjevačicom Dušicom Bilkić, s kojom ima dva sina. Živi u Beogradu, a jedno vrijeme je živio u Kanadi.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Nedeljko Bilkić na discogs.com

Bosanskohercegovački pjevači
Srbijanski pjevači
Izvođači sevdalinki
Životopisi, Bugojno

Nedeljko Bilkić


W41 peut faire référence à :
 Exposition à un jet à haute pression, d'après la classification internationale des maladies ;
 W41, la quarante-et-unième semaine du calendrier.

Voir aussi
 Sigles d'une lettre suivie de deux chiffres

W41


Oxalatul de sodiu este sarea sodiului cu acidul oxalic și are formula chimică Na2C2O4. Este un solid alb, cristalin, inodor și solubil în apă. Se descompune la o temperatură de 290 °C.

Obținere
Oxalatul de sodiu poate fi preparat în urma reacției de neutralizare a acidului oxalic cu o soluție de hidroxid de sodiu în raport molar acid:bază de 1:2. În urma evaporării se obține oxalatul de sodiu anhidru care poate fi uscat prin încălzire între 200 și 250 °C.

Poate fi produs prin reacția sodiului cu dioxid de carbon uscat, la 350°C.

Mai poate fi produs prin încălzirea rapidă de formiat de sodiu la 300-420°C
când se produce o descompunere energică cu degajare de hidrogen. Oxalatul de sodiu poate fi apoi caustificat cu lapte de var pentru obținerea de oxalat de calciu care e apoi tratat cu acid sulfuric pentru eliberarea acidului oxalic.

Proprietăți
La o temperatură mai mare de 290 °C, oxalatul de sodiu se descompune de carbonat de sodiu și monoxid de carbon:

  →  +

Permanganometrie

Oxalatul de sodiu este utilizat pentru standardizarea soluțiilor de permanganat de potasiu în chimia analitică cantitativă. Amestecul de titrare se aduce la o temperatură mai mare de 60 °C pentru a se asigura reacționarea rapidă a celor doi componenți. Cinetica reacției este una complexă, iar ionii de mangan (II) care se formează catalizează reacția dintre anionul permanganat și acidul oxalic format in situ datorită excesului de acid sulfuric din mediu. Ecuația reacției redox ce are loc în standardizarea permanganometrică este:

 5 Na2C2O4 + 2 KMnO4 + 8 H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 5 Na2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 10 CO2 + 8 H2O

Note

Bibliografie
 C. D. Nenițescu, Chimie organică, ediția a VIII-a, vol I, Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, București, 1980

Vezi și
 Oxalat de calciu

Oxalați
Compuși ai sodiului

Oxalat de sodiu


Earl of Lincoln is a title that has been created eight times in the Peerage of England, most recently in 1572. The title was borne by the Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne from 1768 to 1988, until the dukedom became extinct.

Earls of Lincoln, first creation (1141)
William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Lincoln and 1st Earl of Arundel ( 1109–1176)

The Earldom was created for the first time probably around 1141 as William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel, is mentioned as Earl of Lincoln in 1143 in two charters for the Abbey of Affligem, representing his wife Adeliza of Louvain, former wife of King Henry I.

Earls of Lincoln, second creation (after 1143)
William de Roumare, Earl of Lincoln (1096–1155) (reverted to Crown)

The Earldom was created for the second time by King Stephen sometime after 1143 for William de Roumare. However, in 1149 or 1150, as William had gone over to the side of Empress Matilda, King Stephen took the earldom from him and elevated Gilbert de Gant as Earl of Lincoln.

Earls of Lincoln, third creation (about 1149)
Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln (1120–1156) (reverted to crown)

The Earldom was created for the third time by King Stephen in 1149 or 1150 for Gilbert de Gant, but on his death in 1156 it reverted to the Crown.

Earls of Lincoln, fourth creation (1217)
The Earldom was created for the fourth time in 1217 during the reign of Henry III (1207-1272) for Ranulph de Blondeville. He had no issue. In April 1231, with the consent of the King, before his death, he passed the Earldom to his sister Hawise of Chester, and she was formally invested by King Henry III in October 1232. Royal consent was needed for this because the Earldom would otherwise have reverted to the crown in the absence of a legitimate male heir. She in turn passed the Earldom, again with the consent of the King, jointly to her daughter Margaret de Quincy (d.1266), who thereby became suo jure 2nd Countess of Lincoln, and to the latter's husband (Hawise's son-in-law) John de Lacy (c. 1192-1240) 8th Baron of Halton, 8th Hereditary Constable of Chester and feudal baron of Pontefract. They were formally invested by Henry III in November 1232. There is doubt as to whether their son Edmund de Lacy (1230-1258) became Earl of Lincoln, as he predeceased his mother, but not his father. The Complete Peerage gives him as the 3rd Earl, but notes that "he does not appear to have been formally invested with the earldom, presumably because his mother outlived him". Edmund's son Henry de Lacy, 4th Earl of Lincoln,  married Margaret Longespée. Their daughter Alice de Lacy, 5th Countess inherited the earldom and married Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster. She had no children, and thus, on Alice's death in 1348 the earldom became extinct.
 1217–1231 Ranulf de Blondeville, 1st Earl of Lincoln (1172–1232)
 1231–1232 Hawise of Chester, suo jure 1st Countess of Lincoln (1180–c. 1242) (received as inter vivos gift April 1231)
 1232–1266 Margaret de Quincy, suo jure 2nd Countess of Lincoln ( 1206–1266)  (received 23 Nov 1232 as inter vivos gift from her mother Hawise of Chester)
 1232–1240 John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln (1192–1240) (held jointly with his wife)
Edmund de Lacy, Baron of Pontefract (1230-1258), son, never "formally invested with the earldom, presumably because his mother outlived him".
 1272–1311 Henry de Lacy, 4th Earl of Lincoln (1251–1311), son, during whose wardship the earldom was administered by his mother Alice of Saluzzo from 1266 to 1272.
 1311–1348 Alice de Lacy, suo jure 5th Countess of Lincoln  (1281–1348), on whose death without issue the title became extinct.

The above list does not contain the men who became Earl of Lincoln by right of their wives who were Countess of Lincoln suo jure, except for John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln. He is included in the above list because he was created Earl of Lincoln by Royal Charter (together with his wife Margaret de Quincy, Countess of Lincoln). The other men who became Earl of Lincoln by right of their wives were:
 Walter Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke, married Margaret de Quincy in January 1242, died November 1245
 Thomas of Lancaster, husband of Alice de Lacy, became Earl of Lincoln on the death of his father-in-law in February 1311, died March 1322
 Sir Eubulus le Strange, married Alice de Lacy before November 1324, died September 1335
 Hugh de Freyne, married Alice de Lacy before March 1336, died  January 1337

As Earl of Lincoln, these husbands had immense power, with the right to control the estates of their wives.

The above list also does not include Margaret Longespée, who was Countess of Salisbury in her own right, but Countess of Lincoln only by right of her husband Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln.

Earls of Lincoln, fifth creation (1349)
 Henry of Grosmont (–1361), Earl of Lincoln (1349–1361)

The Earldom was created for the fifth time in the following year, 1349, when it was revived for Alice's nephew-in-law Henry of Grosmont, who was later created Duke of Lancaster. It became extinct on his death in 1361.

Earls of Lincoln, sixth creation (1467)
John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln (1462–1487)

The Earldom was created for the sixth time in 1467 for John de la Pole. He was the eldest son of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, and Elizabeth of York. He predeceased his father, and the title became extinct on his death in 1487.

Earls of Lincoln, seventh creation (1525)
Henry Brandon, Earl of Lincoln (1523–1534)

The Earldom was created for the seventh time in 1525 for Henry Brandon. He was the second son of Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, by his wife Mary Tudor. He died at the age of eleven in 1534 when the title became extinct.

Earls of Lincoln, eighth creation (1572)
This creation of the Earldom was made for the eighth time in 1572 for the naval commander Edward Clinton, 9th Baron Clinton (see Baron Clinton for earlier history of the family). He served as Lord High Admiral under Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I. He was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He represented Launceston and Lancashire in the House of Commons. His son, the third Earl, sat as Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby and Lincolnshire. In 1610, he was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron Clinton.

His great-grandson, the fifth Earl, died without surviving issue in 1692 thus the earldom and barony separated. The barony fell into abeyance between his aunts (see Baron Clinton for further history of this title). He was succeeded in the earldom by his second cousin once removed, the sixth Earl. He was the grandson of Sir Edward Clinton, the second son of the second Earl. His son, the seventh Earl, served as Paymaster of the Forces, as Constable of the Tower and as Cofferer of the Household. Lord Lincoln married Lucy Sydney (died 1736), daughter of Robert Sydney, 2nd Earl of Leicester (see the Earl of Chichester for earlier history of the Pelham family).

His eldest son, the eighth Earl, died as a child and was succeeded by his younger brother, the ninth Earl. He was Cofferer of the Household and Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire and Cambridgeshire. He married his first cousin Catherine Pelham (died 1760), daughter and heiress of Henry Pelham. In 1756, his uncle the Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne was created Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, with remainder to his nephew Lord Lincoln, and on the Duke's death in 1768 Lincoln succeeded as second Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne according to the special remainder. He assumed by Royal Licence the additional surname of Pelham the same year.

The Duke's two elder sons, George Pelham-Clinton, Lord Clinton, and Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, both predeceased him. He was therefore succeeded by his third son, the third Duke, who was a Major-General in the Army. On his early death, the titles passed to his son, the fourth Duke. He served as Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire from 1809 to 1839. He was succeeded by his son, the fifth Duke, a prominent politician who held office as Chief Secretary for Ireland, as Secretary of State for the Colonies and as Secretary of State for War. His eldest son, the sixth Duke, briefly represented Newark in the House of Commons; he married Henrietta Adele, the wealthy heiress and daughter of Henry Thomas Hope.

He was succeeded by his eldest son, the seventh Duke, who died childless and was succeeded by his younger brother. In 1881, the eighth Duke assumed by Royal Licence the additional surname of Hope on inheriting the substantial Hope estates through his paternal grandmother. On his death, the titles passed to his only son, the ninth Duke. He had two daughters but no sons, and was succeeded by his third cousin, the tenth Duke. He was the great-grandson of Lord Charles Pelham-Clinton, second son of the fourth Duke. He died unmarried in December 1988, having held the titles for only a month. On his death the dukedom became extinct, while he was succeeded in the earldom by his distant relative, the eighteenth Earl, a descendant in the tenth generation of the Hon. Sir Henry Fynes-Clinton, third son of the second Earl. Lord Lincoln lived all his life in Australia, and reportedly learned of his succession from a British newspaper. He wrote a book: Memoirs of an Embryo Earl.  the title is held by his grandson, the nineteenth Earl, whose father had died in 1999. He is a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London, and still lives in Australia.

Several other members of the Clinton family have also gained distinction. Edward Clinton, Lord Clinton, son of the fourth Earl, was Member of Parliament for Callington. The Honourable George Clinton, youngest son of the sixth Earl, was a naval Commander, politician and Colonial administrator. His son General Sir Henry Clinton was Commander-in-Chief of the British in North America from 1778 to 1782. His sons General Sir William Henry Clinton and Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Clinton were also successful military commanders. Lord Edward Pelham-Clinton GCVO, second son of the fifth Duke, was a soldier and courtier.

The seat of the Dukes of Newcastle was Clumber House near Worksop, Nottinghamshire. However, the house was demolished in 1938. The surrounding estate was sold to the National Trust in 1946 and is now a country park featuring a walled kitchen garden, open to the public.

An extensive collection of papers of the Pelham-Clinton Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne has been deposited at the department of Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham.

Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln (1512–1585)
Henry Clinton, 2nd Earl of Lincoln (1539–1616)
Thomas Clinton, 3rd Earl of Lincoln (1568–1619)
Theophilus Clinton, 4th Earl of Lincoln (1600–1667)
Edward Clinton, 5th Earl of Lincoln (1645–1692)
Francis Clinton, 6th Earl of Lincoln (1635–1693)
Henry Clinton, 7th Earl of Lincoln (1684–1728)
George Clinton, 8th Earl of Lincoln (1718–1730)
Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, 9th Earl of Lincoln (1720–1794), succeeded as 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne in 1768
Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle, 10th Earl of Lincoln (1752–1795)
Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle, 11th Earl of Lincoln (1785–1851)
Henry Pelham Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle, 12th Earl of Lincoln (1811–1864)
Henry Pelham Alexander Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle, 13th Earl of Lincoln (1834–1879)
Henry Pelham Archibald Douglas Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle, 14th Earl of Lincoln (1864–1928)
Henry Francis Hope Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 8th Duke of Newcastle, 15th Earl of Lincoln (1866–1941)
Henry Edward Hugh Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle, 16th Earl of Lincoln (1907–1988)
Edward Charles Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle, 17th Earl of Lincoln (1920–1988) – unmarried, with no heirs, the dukedom became extinct; however the Earldom of Lincoln was inherited by a distant cousin in Australia
Edward Horace Fiennes-Clinton, 18th Earl of Lincoln (1913–2001); 10th cousin of the 10th Duke and 17th Earl
Robert Edward Fiennes-Clinton, 19th Earl of Lincoln (born 19 June 1972)

Present peer
Robert Edward Fiennes-Clinton, 19th Earl of Lincoln (born 19 June 1972) is the son of Hon. Edward Gordon Fiennes-Clinton and his wife Julia Eleanor Howson. He is a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London. On 7 July 2001 he succeeded his grandfather as Earl of Lincoln (E., 1572). In 2003 he was living at Warnbro, Western Australia. By 2008 he was reported to be living in Perth and in 2019 in Parmelia.

The heir presumptive is his younger brother the Hon. William Roy Howson (born 1980), who in 1996 assumed by Government Licence the surname of Howson in lieu of Fiennes-Clinton. His heir apparent is his son Jordan Ryder Howson (born 2004).

Family tree

See also
Duke of Lancaster
Duke of Suffolk
Duke of Newcastle
Earl of Chichester
Baron Clinton
Henry Pelham

References

External links
 Biographies of the Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne and their predecessors, with links to online catalogues, from Manuscripts and Special Collections at The University of Nottingham

Lincoln
Earldoms in the Peerage of England
Extinct earldoms in the Peerage of England
Earl of
Noble titles created in 1141
Noble titles created in 1217
Noble titles created in 1349
Noble titles created in 1467
Noble titles created in 1525
Noble titles created in 1572

Earl of Lincoln


A cardinal mark is a sea mark (a buoy or other floating or fixed structure) used in maritime pilotage to indicate the position of a hazard and the direction of safe water.

Cardinal marks indicate the direction of safety as a cardinal (compass) direction (north, east, south or west) relative to the mark. This makes them meaningful regardless of the direction or position of the approaching vessel, in contrast to the (perhaps better-known) lateral mark system.

Characteristics
The characteristics and meanings of cardinal marks are as defined by the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities.

A cardinal mark indicates one of the four compass directions by:

 the direction of its two conical top-marks, which can both point up, indicating north; down, indicating south; towards each other, indicating west; or away from each other, indicating east
 its distinctive pattern of black and yellow stripes, which follows the orientation of the cones - the black stripe is in the position pointed to by the cones (e.g. at the top for a north cardinal, in the middle for a west cardinal)
 optionally, its distinctive sequence of flashing light, which consists of a sequence of quick or very quick flashes whose number gives the clockface position which corresponds to the direction of the cardinal (e.g. three for an east cardinal, nine for a west; north has continuous flashes, and south may be augmented with a long flash, to help distinguish it from a west in difficult conditions)

Either a quick or a very quick sequence of light flashes may be used; the choice allows for two similar nearby marks to be uniquely identified by their lights.

A cardinal mark may be used to accomplish the following:

Indicate that the deepest water is an area on the named side of the mark
Indicate the safe side on which to pass a danger
Draw attention to a feature in a channel, such as a bend, junction, branch, or end of a shoal
Draw attention to a new danger such as a grounded ship. In such cases two equal marks are often placed together to indicate that it's a newly marked danger and is not yet printed in official charts.

Other uses:

Sometimes a Cardinal Mark can be used instead of a Special mark to indicate a spoil ground, or an outfall pipe for example. A few examples can be seen on the South Coast of England and in Northern France.

Mnemonics
The north and south topmarks are self-explanatory (both cones pointing up, or both pointing down).  Remembering the east and west marks can be more of a problem.

 The topmarks for east and west "follow the Sun"—the top cone points in the direction in which the Sun appears to move (rising for an east mark or setting for a west mark), while the bottom cone points in the direction in which its reflection on the ocean surface appears to move.  The Sun and its reflection move away from each other on rising and toward each other on setting.
 East looks like an Easter egg.  The western mark has a pinched waist: "Western women have wasp waists".
 East looks like a classical letter E/epsilon.  The western mark looks like a "W" on its side, or "West winds wool" (looks like a bobbin)
 East is larger around the middle: "Equatorially enlarged".  West is a woman's waist.
 West looks like a wine glass with the narrow stem and wide top and bottom.

The colours can be remembered this way:  The two conical top-marks always point to black.
If the top-marks point to the top, black is at the top.
If the top-marks point to the bottom, black is at the bottom.
If the top-marks point to the middle, black is at the middle.
If the top-marks point to the outside, black is at the outside.

Gallery

See also

References

Citations

Navigational buoys
Marine navigation

Cardinal mark


Le KRI Alugoro (405) est un sous-marin de la marine indonésienne. Il fait partie de la classe Chang Bogo améliorée, également connue sous le nom de classe Nagapasa. Le navire a été assemblé par PT PAL Indonesia et a été lancé en avril 2019. C'est le premier sous-marin à être assemblé en Indonésie.

Spécifications
Comme les autres sous-marins diesel-électriques de classe Nagapasa, le KRI Alugoro a une longueur hors-tout de 61,2 mètres avec une largeur de 6,25 mètres et un tirant d'eau de 5,5 mètres. Il a une vitesse de pointe de 21,5 nœuds (39,8 km/h) lorsqu'il est immergé et de 11 nœuds (20 km/h) en surface. Le navire est propulsé par 4 générateurs diesel MTU 12V 493. Il transporte un équipage allant jusqu'à 40 personnes et il est équipé de tubes lance-torpilles de 533 mm. L'Alugoro a un rayon d'action maximal de 10000 milles marins (18520 kilomètres). Les sous-marins de la classe Nagapasa possèdent également des contre-mesures de torpilles acoustiques ZOKA fabriquées par la société turque ASELSAN.

Historique
Le navire a été commandé le  dans le cadre d'un contrat de 1,07 milliard de dollars entre l'Indonésie et la Corée du Sud pour la fourniture de trois sous-marins, Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering ayant obtenu le contrat. Dans le cadre de l'accord, deux des sous-marins (les Nagapasa et Ardadedali) ont été construits en Corée du Sud, tandis que le troisième a été construit dans le chantier naval de PT PAL Indonesia à Surabaya dans le cadre d'un programme de transfert de technologie. Le KRI Alugoro a été le premier sous-marin à être assemblé et lancé en Indonésie et en Asie du Sud-Est.

Avant le lancement initial en octobre 2018, les ingénieurs ont découvert que le chantier naval PT PAL à Surabaya était trop peu profond pour que le sous-marin puisse être lancé. Ainsi, le KRI Alugoro a été mis sur une barge et transféré à Semarang Dock, dans le même chantier naval de Surabaya, à environ 350 m de là, mais le sous-marin a ensuite ramené à son chantier d'origine, où il a été lancé le 11 avril 2019.

En avril 2019, le KRI Alugoro devait être mis en service plus tard cette année-là. Cependant, le navire n'a été officiellement livré qu'en mars 2021ref name="Janes delivery"/>.

Le nom Alugoro, provenant d'un nom d'arme dans la tradition wayang, était auparavant attribué à un sous-marin de classe Whiskey construit par l'Union soviétique qui a été utilisé lors de l'opération Trikora en 1962.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens internes
 Liste des sous-marins de l'Indonésie

Sous-marin d'attaque conventionnel
Sous-marin de la marine indonésienne
Navire construit en Indonésie
Bateau lancé en 2019
Alugoro

KRI Alugoro (405)


Manuke es una ciudad de la India en el distrito de Ludhiana, estado de Punyab.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 231  a 153 km de la capital estatal, Chandigarh, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 9 048 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Punyab (India)

Manuke