Siru Pedro Olympio (* 21. April 1898 Lomé; † 1969) war ein togoischer Diplomat und Arzt.

Leben
Olympio war der Sohn des brasilienstämmigen Octaviano Olympio. Er ging erst in Lomé, dann in der Missionsschule in Steyl (Niederlande), in St. Wendel (Saarland) und zuletzt in Euskirchen zur Schule. Er legte 1920 dort das Abitur ab. Er studierte in Bonn und München Medizin und promovierte 1926 mit dem Thema Über gleichzeitiges Auftreten von spondylitis deformans und carcinoma ventriculi im Röntgenbild. Anschließend arbeitete er am hamburgischen Tropeninstitut und studierte drei Semester in Paris.

Danach kehrte er nach Togo zurück, wo er eine eigene Klinik in Lome eröffnete. In Westafrika war er der erste einheimische Arzt mit europäischer Ausbildung.

1936 wurde er Mitglied der Commission municipale de Lomé. Zwischen 1938 und 1940 leitete er mit seinem Cousin Sylvanus Olympia das "Comité du Guide du Togo". 1946 war Olympio zusammen mit Nicolas Grunitzky Mitbegründer der Fortschrittspartei. Als Mitglied der togoischen Delegation bei der OECD nahm er ab 1948 an internationalen Konferenzen teil.

1955 spaltete sich unter seiner Führung die togoische Volkspartei (MPT) ab, deren Präsident er wurde.

Literatur
 Siru Pedro Olympio: Über gleichzeitiges Auftreten von spondylitis deformans und carcinoma ventriculi im Röntgenbild. Kaldenkirchen, Rheinland, 1926 / München, Med. Diss., 1926
 Monika Firla: Siru Pedro Olympio, Matthias Yawo Anthony und Martin Aku. Drei togoische Mediziner in Deutschland 1914-38 und ihr weiterer Lebensweg. Linden-Museum Stuttgart, Referat Afrika in Stuttgart, 2005

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Togoischer Diplomat
Togoer
Geboren 1898
Gestorben 1969
Mann

Pedro Olympio


La prueba de Rinne es una prueba acumétrica utilizada en otorrinolaringología, que sirve para diferenciar entre dos tipos de sordera: la sordera de percepción (neurosensorial) y la sordera de transmisión (conductiva).

Procedimiento
Se hace vibrar un diapasón de 256, 512 y 1024 ciclos sobre la apófisis mastoides del paciente, de forma que la vibración se transmita por vía ósea, hasta que este ya no es capaz de escucharla. Entonces se coloca el diapasón frente al conducto auditivo externo, de forma que la vibración se transmita por vía aérea (a través del tímpano y la cadena de huesecillos).Lo importante es saber si el paciente oye mejor por vía ósea o por vía aérea. Las personas sanas dejan de escuchar la vibración del diapasón antes cuando este está colocado en la mastoides, de forma que si se retira y se coloca frente al oído, la siguen escuchando.

Resultados
 Rinne positivo: si el paciente oye mejor por vía aérea. Es típico de las personas sanas o con sorderas de percepción (neurosensorial) , en cuyo caso la percepción por ambas vías se ve disminuida (sugestiva de hipoacusia neurosensorial bilateral, complete examen físico con prueba de weber).
 Rinne negativo: si el paciente oye mejor por vía ósea. Es típico de las sorderas de transmisión (sugestiva de hipoacusia conductiva).

Véase también
 Prueba de Weber

Referencias

Otorrinolaringología

Prueba de Rinne


الميل اسم يدل على وحدات مختلفة لقياس الطول، والمستخدمة في عدة بلدان وفي فترات تاريخية مختلفة، يتغير قياسها من 1 إلى 10 كم تقريباً. لا يعد مما سبق جزء من النظام الدولي.

كلمة ميل تأتي من اللاتينية MILIA passuum (آلاف من الخطوات بصيغة المفرد: ألف passus)، في روما كان يدل على وحدة تساوي ألف خطوة (1 خطوة = 1،48 متر). منذ القرن التاسع عشر فصاعداً هذه وحدات القياس قد تم التخلي عنها في معظم البلدان، التي اعتمدت النظام المتري. استخدام الميل لا يزال قائماً في البلدان الانغلوساكسوني (بما فيها الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية) وفي النقل البحري والجوي.

الميل الشرعي
الميل: يطلق في اللغة على عدة معان فمنها الميل الذي يكتحل به. ومنها القطعة من الأرض بين الجبلين، ومنها الميل أي مد البصر.

مقدار الميل:
 عند الحنفية: 4000 ذراع فإذن عندهم هو 1855 متر.
 المالكية: 3500 ذراع أي 1855 متر.
 وعند الحنابلة والشافعية: 6000 ذراع أي 3710 متر.

الميل الذي ما زال يستعمل
 ميل الأرضي أو الميل الإنجليزي (النظام الأساسي ميل): في نظام الإمبراطورية البريطانية يقابل 1760 يارده و 5280 قدم وبالضبط 1609،344م. إنه لا يزال شائع الاستعمال في البلدان الانغلوساكسونية.
 الميل البحري أو الميل البحري الدول (ميل بحري) طولة 1852 متر بالضبط، وفقا للتعريف الذي أُنشئ في 1929 من قبل المؤتمر الاستثنائي الهيدروغرافية الدولية من موناكو بافاريا (ينتقل من الولايات المتحدة في عام 1954 والجمعية الملكية البريطانية في المكتب الهيدروغرافي 1970). النظام الدولي للوحدات يسمح لاستخدام لصناعات الطيران والملاحة البحرية.
 ميل من خط الاستواء، وهي تساوي متوسط طول خط الاستواء بطول قوس المقابلة لمدة دقيقة قوس خط الطول، عند حوالي 1851،8 م.
 الميل البحري الإنجليزية أو الإنجليزية ميل بحري: تقدر 1853،18 م.
 ميل مشاة البحرية الأميركية، أو بعد ميل بحري للولايات المتحدة: تقدر 1853،24 م.

انظر أيضًا

 ميل مربع
 ميل مكعب

المصدر
 كتاب حقيقة الدينار والدرهم والصاع والمد لأبي العباس العزفي السبتي.
 علي جمعة المكاييل والموازين الشرعية.

المراجع

جغرافيا رومانية قديمة
علم المساحة
وحدات بريطانية
وحدات طول شرعية
وحدات قياس عرفية أمريكية
وحدات مسافة

ميل (وحدة)


Euchresta, maleni biljni rod mahunarki smješten u vlastiti tribus Euchresteae dio potporodice Faboideae.. Priznate su četiri vrste.

Rodovi
 Euchresta formosana (Hayata) Ohwi
 Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch.) Benn.
 Euchresta japonica Hook.f. ex Regel
 Euchresta tubulosa Dunn

Izvori

Faboideae

Euchresta


A nacelle ( ) is a streamlined container for aircraft parts such as engines, fuel, or equipment. When attached by a pylon entirely outside the airframe, it is sometimes called a pod, in which case it is attached with a pylon or strut and the engine is known as a podded engine. In some cases—for instance in the typical "Farman" type "pusher" aircraft, or the World War II-era P-38 Lightning—an aircraft cockpit may also be housed in a nacelle, rather than in a conventional fuselage.

Etymology
Like many aviation terms, the word comes from French, in this case from a word for a small boat.

Development

The Arado Ar 234 was one of the first operational jet aircraft with engines mounted in nacelles. During its development, the four engines had four distinct nacelles. They once their own landing gear wheel, but they were later combined to two nacelles with two engines each.

In recent years, General Electric and NASA have developed nacelles with chevron-shaped trailing edges to reduce the engine noise of commercial aircraft, using an experimental Boeing 777 as a test platform.

Applications

Usually, multi-engined aircraft use nacelles for housing the engines. Combat aircraft (such as the Eurofighter Typhoon) usually have the engines mounted within the fuselage. Some engines are installed in the aircraft wing, as in the De Havilland Comet and Flying Wing type aircraft. Engines may be mounted in individual nacelles, or in the case of larger aircraft such as the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress (pictured right) may have two engines mounted in a single nacelle. Nacelles can be made fully or partially detachable for holding expendable resources such as fuel and armaments. Nacelles may be used to house equipment that will only function remote from the fuselage, for example the Boeing E-3 Sentry radar is housed in a nacelle called a radome.

Other uses

Edward Turner used the term to describe his styling device introduced in 1949 to tidy the area around the headlamp and instrument panel of his Triumph Speed Twin, Thunderbird and Tiger 100 motorcycles. This styling device was much copied within the British industry thereafter, although Czech motorcycle manufacturer Česká Zbrojovka Strakonice was using it beforehand. Indeed, the Royal Enfield Bullet still retains its version, the 'casquette', on its current models. The last Triumphs to sport nacelles were the 1966 models of the 6T Triumph Thunderbird 650, 5TA Triumph Speed Twin 500, and 3TA Triumph Twenty One 350.
The generator and gearbox "shell" – with rotator shaft – on a horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT).
A forward projection of a catamaran's bridgedeck designed to soften the impact of seas or make more space inside the cabin.

Design considerations
The primary design issue with aircraft-mounted nacelles is streamlining to minimise drag so nacelles are mounted on slender pylons. This can cause issues with directing the needed conduits mounted within the nacelle to connect to the aircraft through such a narrow space. This is especially concerning with nacelles containing engines, as the fuel, and control, lines for multiple engine functions must all go through the pylons.
It is often necessary for nacelles to be asymmetrical, but aircraft designers try to keep asymmetrical elements to a minimum to reduce operator maintenance costs associated with having two sets of parts for either side of the aircraft.

References

Aircraft components

Nacelle


الاتحاد الفرنسي  هو اتحاد سياسي أنشأته الجمهورية الفرنسية الرابعة ليحل محل التنظيم الاستعماري الفرنسي القديم و لإنهاء ما كان يعرف بنظام قانون الأهالي.

التاريخ
تأسس الاتحاد الفرنسي بموجب الدستور الفرنسي الصادر في 27 أكتوبر 1946 (الجمهورية الرابعة). بموجبها، قيل أنه لا توجد مستعمرات فرنسية، ولكن فرنسا متروبوليتانية وإدارات ما وراء البحار وأقاليم ما وراء البحار مجتمعة لإنشاء اتحاد فرنسي واحد، أو فرنسا واحدة فقط.

كان الهدف من هذا الاتحاد هو "استيعاب أقاليم ما وراء البحار في فرنسا الكبرى، التي يسكنها مواطنون فرنسيون، وتباركها الثقافة الفرنسية".[3] في حين أن النظام الاستعماري البريطاني كان لديه حكومات استعمارية محلية والتي ستتطور في النهاية إلى حكومات وطنية منفصلة، أرادت فرنسا إنشاء حكومة واحدة تحت دولة فرنسية واحدة.

كان لهذا الاتحاد الفرنسي رئيس ومجلس أعلى وجمعية. وكان الرئيس هو رئيس الجمهورية. كان لجمعية الاتحاد عضوية من مجلس الجمهورية، ومن الجمعية الوطنية ومن المجالس الإقليمية لأقاليم ومقاطعات ما وراء البحار، لكن في النهاية لم يكن لها أي سلطة. وفي نهاية المطاف، اجتمع المجلس الأعلى ثلاث مرات فقط، أولها في عام 1951. كانت الجمعية هي المؤسسة الوحيدة التي تعمل فعليًا والتي يمكنها إدارة التشريعات داخل أقاليم ما وراء البحار.

في الواقع، كان للمناطق الاستعمارية تمثيل ولكن ظلت كل السلطة في البرلمان الفرنسي، وبالتالي كانت مركزية. كان للمستعمرات مجالس محلية، لكن كانت لها سلطة محلية محدودة فقط. بدلاً من ذلك، نما العديد من السكان الأصليين لأقاليم ما وراء البحار في فرنسا نفسها وشكلوا مجموعة من النخب، معروفة باسم "التطوريين".

في 31 يناير 1956، ردًا على ثورة التحرير الجزائر، تغير النظام، حيث تخلى عن الاستيعاب لصالح الحكم الذاتي، مما سمح للأقاليم بتطوير حكومتها المحلية والحصول في النهاية على استقلالها. ومع ذلك، لم ينجح هذا التعديل، وفي عام 1958 تم استبدال الاتحاد الفرنسي بالمجتمع الفرنسي في جمهورية شارل ديجول الخامسة حيث أصبحت فرنسا اتحادًا من الدول ذات الحكم الذاتي الخاص بها.

الأراء المعاصرة حول الاتحاد الفرنسي

انظر أيضا
 الحرب الهندوصينية الفرنسية

مراجع

إفريقيا الاستوائية الفرنسية
الإمبراطورية الاستعمارية الفرنسية
الجمهورية الفرنسية الرابعة
الهند الصينية الفرنسية
الهند الفرنسية
انحلالات سنة 1958 في الإمبراطورية الاستعمارية الفرنسية
انحلالات سنة 1958 في فرنسا
بلدان سابقة في الحرب الباردة
تأسيسات سنة 1946 في الإمبراطورية الاستعمارية الفرنسية
تأسيسات سنة 1946 في فرنسا
دول سابقة في أوروبا
دول وأقاليم انحلت في 1958
دول وأقاليم أسست في 1946
غرب إفريقيا الفرنسية
مقاطعات وأقاليم ما وراء البحار الفرنسية
منظمات دولية سابقة
منظمات سابقة مقرها في فرنسا

الاتحاد الفرنسي


Fernando Álvaro Lamas y de Santos (January 9, 1915 – October 8, 1982) was an Argentine-American actor and director, and the father of actor Lorenzo Lamas.

Biography

Argentina
Fernando Álvaro Lamas y de Santos was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

In this country his movies included En el último piso (1942), Frontera Sur (1943), Villa rica del Espíritu Santo (1945), and Stella (1946). Lamas was also seen in The Poor People's Christmas (1947), The Tango Returns to Paris (1948), and The Story of a Bad Woman (1948). He had the lead in La rubia Mireya (1949) alongside Mecha Ortiz, and a key role in De padre desconocido (1949), Vidalita (1949) and The Story of the Tango (1950). He also appeared in Corrientes, calle de ensueños (1949), and La otra y yo (1950). He was reportedly the third biggest star in the country. His first American film was The Avengers (1950) for Republic Pictures shot on location in Argentina. Some scenes were filmed in the US, leading to Lamas going to Hollywood.

MGM

In September 1949, he signed a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and went on to play mainly "Latin Lover" roles and occasionally sing in musicals.
In 1951, Lamas starred as Paul Sarnac in the musical, Rich, Young and Pretty with Jane Powell. He supported Greer Garson and Michael Wilding in The Law and the Lady (1952) which was a flop.

MGM gave him a star tenor part as Lana Turner's love interest in the popular operetta The Merry Widow (1952) by Franz Lehár. He romanced Elizabeth Taylor in The Girl Who Had Everything (1952), which was also successful. Lamas went to Paramount Pictures where he was top billed in Sangaree (1953). Back at MGM he was Esther Williams' leading man in Dangerous When Wet (1953), a big success. At Warner Bros. Lamas starred in The Diamond Queen (1954). He did Jivaro (1954) at Paramount then returned to MGM for a remake of Rose Marie (1954) supporting Howard Keel and Ann Blyth. It was popular but failed to recoup its cost. At Paramount he was Rosalind Russell's leading man in The Girl Rush (1955). Lamas started appearing on television, including an adaptation of Hold Back the Dawn for Lux Video Theatre.

"I couldn't break the Latin lover image", Lamas later claimed. He co-starred on Broadway in the 1956 musical Happy Hunting with Ethel Merman, for which he was nominated for a Tony Award.

Television
Lamas did episodes of Jane Wyman Presents The Fireside Theatre ("The Bravado Touch"), Climax! ("Spider Web"), Pursuit ("Eagle in a Cage"), Shirley Temple's Storybook, Zane Grey Theatre but returned to features with The Lost World (1960). He also guest starred in one episode of The Lucy Desi Comedy Hour
Lamas also appeared in the TV show "Combat!" (season 5 episode 4) "Brothers."

Europe
Lamas moved to Europe with Esther Williams who became his wife. He directed a film both starred in, Magic Fountain, shot in 1961 and never released in the US. He went to Italy for Duel of Fire (1962), and Revenge of the Musketeers (1963). He helped write the Western A Place Called Glory (1965).

Return to the U.S.
Lamas returned to Hollywood. As an actor he focused on television, with guest appearances on Burke's Law, The Virginian, Laredo, Combat!, The Red Skelton Hour, Hondo and The Girl from U.N.C.L.E.. From 1965 to 1968 Lamas had a regular role as Ramon De Vega on Run For Your Life, which starred Ben Gazzara; Lamas also directed some episodes.

He had a support role in Valley of Mystery (1967), a pilot for a series that did not proceed. He directed another feature film, The Violent Ones, which was released in 1967 and co-starred Aldo Ray and David Carradine. He was in Kill a Dragon (1967) and 100 Rifles (1969) and had guest roles on The High Chaparral, The Macahans, Tarzan, Then Came Bronson, It Takes a Thief, Mission: Impossible, The Name of the Game, Dan August, Alias Smith and Jones, Bearcats!, Mod Squad, Night Gallery, and McCloud.

TV director
Lamas started directing TV as well: The Bold Ones: The Lawyers, Mannix, Alias Smith and Jones, S.W.A.T., The Rookies, Jigsaw John, Starsky and Hutch, The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries, The Amazing Spider-Man, Secrets of Midland Heights, Flamingo Road, and Code Red. As an actor, he was in the TV movies The Lonely Profession (1969) and Murder on Flight 502 (1975). He could also be seen in Bronk, Switch (which he also directed), Won Ton Ton: The Dog Who Saved Hollywood (1976), Quincy M.E., Charlie's Angels, Police Woman, The Love Boat, The Cheap Detective, How the West Was Won, The Dream Merchants and House Calls.

Last years and death
Lamas produced the TV movie Samurai, released in 1979. He directed episodes of Falcon Crest co-starring his son, Lorenzo. He also helmed Bret Maverick and several episodes of House Calls.

He had a supporting role in the series Gavilan when he fell ill with cancer. His scenes were shot with Patrick Macnee.

Fernando Lamas died of pancreatic cancer in Los Angeles, aged 67. His ashes were scattered by close friend Jonathan Goldsmith from his sailboat.

Personal life
Lamas was married four times. His first marriage was to Argentine actress  in 1940 and they had a daughter, Christina, before divorcing in 1944. His second marriage was in 1946 to Lydia Valeria Babacci; this marriage also produced a daughter, Alejandra Lydia. They were divorced in 1952. His third wife was the American actress Arlene Dahl. They were married in 1954. They were later divorced in 1960. Out of this marriage was born a son, Lorenzo Lamas (born January 20, 1958). His longest marriage was to swimmer and actress Esther Williams in 1969, and they remained married until Lamas's death in 1982.

In popular culture
His friend, actor Jonathan Goldsmith, took inspiration from Lamas for the character The Most Interesting Man in the World.
The most well known parody of Fernando was on the Saturday Night Live sketches that featured Billy Crystal.
In the recurring Fernando's Hideaway sketch, Crystal used Lamas's accent for inspiration, as well as a quote from the actor: "It is better to look good than to feel good."

Filmography

Film
 1943 On the Last Floor
 1943 Stella
 1943 Southern Border
 1945 Villa rica del Espíritu Santo
 1947 The Poor People's Christmas
 1947 Evasion as Bruno
 1948 The Tango Returns to Paris
 1948 Story of a Bad Woman
 1948 La Rubia Mireya as Alberto
 1949 The Unknown Father
 1949 Vidalita
 1949 The Story of the Tango as Juan Carlos Maldonado
 1949 Corrientes, calle de ensueños
 1949 La Otra y yo
 1950 The Avengers as André LeBlanc
 1951 Rich, Young and Pretty as Paul Sarnac
 1951 The Law and the Lady as Juan Dinas
 1952 The Merry Widow as Count Danilo
 1953 The Girl Who Had Everything as Victor Y. Raimondi
 1953 Sangaree as Dr. Carlos Morales
 1953 Dangerous When Wet as Andre LaNet
 1953 The Diamond Queen as Jean Baptiste Tavernier
 1954 Jivaro as Rio Galdez
 1954 Rose Marie as James Severn Duval
 1955 The Girl Rush as Victor Monte
 1960 The Lost World as Manuel Gomez
 1962 Duel of Fire as Antonio Franco
 1963 Revenge of the Musketeers as D'Artagnan
 1963 Magic Fountain as Alberto
 1965 A Place Called Glory
 1967 The Violent Ones as Manuel Vega
 1967 Kill a Dragon as Nico Patrai
 1969 100 Rifles as General Verdugo
 1976 Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood as Premiere Male Star
 1978 The Cheap Detective as Paul DuChard

Television
 1954 Lux Video Theatre
 1958 The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour ("Lucy Goes to Sun Valley")
 1958 The Jane Wyman Show as Juan Bravado
 1958 Climax! as Jose Aragon
 1960 Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre as Giulio Mandati / Miguel
 1969 Shirley Temple's Storybook as Professor Fritz Bhaer
 1965 Burke's Law as Kelly Mars / El Greco
 1965 The Virginian as Captain Estrada
 1965 Combat! ("Breakout") as Vertrain
 1966 Laredo as Paco Romero
 1966 Combat! ("The Brothers") as Leon Paulon
 1966 The Girl from U.N.C.L.E. as Salim Ibn Hydari / Alejandro De Sada
 1967 Valley of Mystery as Francisco Rivera
 1965-1968 Run for Your Life as Ramon De Vega
 1971 The Red Skelton Show ("A Spy Is a Peeping Tom on Salary") as Harry Sneak
 1967 Hondo ("Hondo and the Comancheros") as Rodrigo
 1967 The High Chaparral ("The Firing Wall") as "El Caudillo"
 1968 Tarzan ("Jungle Ransom") as Velasquez
 1968-1970 It Takes a Thief as Paolo Monteggo / Pepe Rouchet / Francisco Arascan
 1968-1970 Misson Impossible as Ramon Prado / Roger Toland
 1969 Then Came Bronson ("Where Will the Trumpets Be?") as Miguel Cordova
 1969 The Lonely Profession as Dominic Savarona
 1970 The Name of the Game as Cesar Rodriguez
 1971 Dan August as Tony Storm
 1971 Alias Smith and Jones as Jim "Big Jim" Santana
 1971 Bearcats! as Chucho Morales (Pilot Movie, "Powderkeg")
 1971-1973 The Mod Squad as Arturo Roca / Lieutenant Ramon Sanchez
 1973 Night Gallery as Dr. Ramirez (segment "Hatred Unto Death")
 1974 Sesame Street as himself (guest appearance)
 1975 McCloud as Max Cortez
 1975 Murder on Flight 502 as Paul Barons
 1975 Bronk as Abriega
 1976 Switch as Fouad
 1977 Charlie's Angels as Jericho
 1977 Police Woman as Carlos Rubenez
 1978 The Love Boat as Bill Klieg / Bill Teague
 1979 How the West Was Won as Fierro
 1980 House Calls ("Defeat of Clay") as Dr. Langston
 1980 The Dream Merchants as Conrad Stillman (final appearance)

Radio appearances

References

External links

 Fernando Lamas at Virtual History

1915 births
1982 deaths
American male film actors
American male television actors
American television directors
Argentine emigrants to the United States
Hispanic and Latino American male actors
Burials at Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
People from Buenos Aires
20th-century American male actors

Fernando Lamas


Ahmed Muhtar (Osmanlıca: احمد مختار باشا) (Gazi Ahmet Muhtar Paşa adıyla da tanınır; 1 Kasım 1839; Bursa - 21 Ocak 1919; İstanbul), 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı'nın Kafkasya cephesi komutanı, asker, gök bilimci, yazar, eğitimci ve devlet adamıydı. 1912 yılında kısa bir süreyle Osmanlı Devleti'nin sadrazamlığını da yapmıştır. Darüşşafaka Cemiyeti'nin kurucularındandır.

Çocukluğu ve gençliği
1839 yılında Bursa'da doğdu. Babası İpekçi Halil Efendi'ydi. Babası 6 yaşında ölünce dedesi tarafından büyütülen Ahmet Muhtar İlk ve Orta eğitimini Bursa'da tamamladı. Bursa Işıklar Askerî İdadisi'ni bitirdikten sonra İstanbul'a giderek öğrenimini Harbiye Mektebi'nde sürdürdü. 1860 yılında Harbiye'yi birincilikle bitirerek kurmay yüzbaşı oldu.

Ahmet Muhtar Harbiye'den mezun olduktan sonraki ilk görevi Serdar-ı Ekrem Ömer Paşa'nın yanında Karadağ Savaşlarına katılmak oldu. Savaş sırasında küçük bir süvari birliğiyle Ustruck Geçidi'ni ele geçirmeyi ve iki yerinden yaralanmasına rağmen destek kuvvetler gelene kadar geçidi elinde tutmayı başardı. Bu başarısından dolayı binbaşılığa yükseltildi. Harbiye Mektebi'ne dönerek bir süre eğitim subayı olarak görev yaptı. 1863 yılında, sonradan Darüşşafaka Cemiyeti'ne dönüşecek olan Cemiyet-i Tedrisiyye-i İslamiye'nin kurucuları arasında yer aldı. 1864 yılında Abdülaziz'in oğlu şehzade Yusuf İzzeddin Efendi'nin öğretmeni oldu. Şehzadeye 1864-1867 yılları arasında İngiltere, Fransa, Almanya ve Avusturya gezilerinde refakat etti.

Ahmet Muhtar 1867 yılında tekrar Karadağ'a döndü ve Karadağlı isyancılara karşı büyük başarılar kazandı. 1869 yılında Yemen'e tayin edildi. Yemen'deki Arap isyanlarına karşı kazandığı başarılardan dolayı 1871 yılında 33 yaşında Müşir (Mareşal) rütbesini kazandı ve Yemen'e vali oldu. Daha sonra Şumnu, Erzurum, Bosna-Hersek ve Karadağ'da görev yaptı. 93 Harbi'nin arifesinde padişah II. Abdülhamit tarafından Kafkas cephesinin başkomutanlığına getirildi.

93 Harbi'ndeki rolü

Ahmet Muhtar Paşa başkomutanlık görevini üstlenmek üzere 16 Mart 1877 tarihinde deniz yoluyla Trabzon'a, oradan da 30 Mart 1877'de Erzurum'a ulaştı. 27 Nisan'da Rus birlikleri Doğubeyazıt'ı işgal etti. 17 Mayıs'ta Ardahan Rusların eline geçti. Ahmed Muhtar Paşa Erzurum'u savunmak için Zivin'de bir savunma hattı oluşturdu. Komuta ettiği ordu Rus Ordusu'na karşı 25 Ağustos'ta Gedikler Muharebesi, 24 Ekim'de ise Yahniler Muharebesi'ni kazandı. Bu savaşlar sonrası Gazi unvanını kazandı.

Ancak Alacadağ Muharebesi'nde komuta ettiği Osmanlı ordusu yenilince, Ahmed Muhtar Paşa ordusuyla Erzurum'a çekildi. Ruslara karşı çok daha az bir asker gücüyle savaşmasına rağmen Aziziye Tabyası'nda Rusları defalarca geri püskürtmeyi başardı. İstanbul'dan asker desteği istemesine rağmen asker yardımı alamayınca Kafkas ordusunu Bayburt'a çekmeye karar verdi.

Bu sırada Tuna Cephesindeki Rus ordularının İstanbul'a yaklaşması üzerine İstanbul'a çağrıldı ve Çatalca'da Ruslara karşı bir savunma hattı kurmakla görevlendirildi. Ruslarla Ayastefanos Antlaşması görüşmeleri başlayınca savunma hattını Bakırköy'e kadar çekti. Savaşın son günlerinde Erkan-ı Harbiye başkanlığına getirildi.

Devlet adamlığı
Ahmed Muhtar Paşa 93 Harbi sonrasında Tophane-i Amire yöneticiliği, Manastır Valiliği ve Üçüncü Ordu müfettişliği gibi görevlerde bulundu. 1882-1908 yılları arasında Fevkalade Komiser görevine atanarak 26 yıl Mısır'da yaşadı.

1912'de Halâskâr Zâbitân'ın  İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti çoğunluklu meclisin aleyhinde Askerî Şura'ya muhtıra vermesinin üzerine Sultan V. Mehmet Reşad , görece tarafsız sayılan Gazi Ahmet Muhtar Paşa'yı 22 Temmuz 1912'de sadrazam ilan etti. Sadrazamlığı sırasında kabine yönetimine gelen muhalif baskılar sebebiyle ve Balkan Savaşları'nın başlamış olması üzerine, Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Paşa'nın önerisiyle 5 Ağustos 1912'de 4. Meclis-i Mebusan dağıtıldı. Sıkıyönetim ilan edildi. 29 Ekim 1912'de de Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Paşa sadrazamlık görevinden istifa etti. Sadrazamlığı, Sultan V. Mehmet Reşat saltanatında 22 Temmuz 1912 - 29 Ekim 1912 tarihleri arasında üç ay sekiz gün sürmüştü.

93 Harbi'ndeki anılarını savaşın ardından Sergüzeşt-i Hayatım'ın Cild-i Sanisi adlı bir eserde toplamıştır. Ahmed Muhtar Paşa askerlik yeteneğinin yanı sıra gökbilim ve matematiğe ilgi duymaktaydı. Uluslararası saat sistemi ve Miladi takvim sisteminin kullanılmasını Osmanlı Devleti'nde ilk defa ileri sürdü. Bu konuda Islahat-ül Takvim adlı bir kitap yazmıştır. Ayrıca İstanbul'daki Darüşşafaka Lisesi'ni kurucusudur. 1890 yılında açılışını yaptığı İstanbul'un Avrupa tren terminali olan Sirkeci Garı'na ilk önce Ahmet Muhtar Paşa'nın adı verilmişti, sonradan sadece "Sirkeci Garı" olarak anılmaya başladı.

21 Ocak 1919 tarihinde 80 yaşındayken İstanbul'da ölmüş ve Fatih Camii avlusuna defnedilmiştir.

Mirası
Ahmed Muhtar Paşa'nın oğlu Mahmud Muhtar Paşa (Soyadı Kanunu sonrasında Mahmud Muhtar Katırcıoğlu) Osmanlı Devleti'nde Bahriye Nazırlığı yapmıştır.

Kars valiliği ve Kars Tugay Komutanlığı, 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı sırasında Ahmet Muhtar Paşa'nın karargâh olarak kullandığı 19. yüzyılda yapılmış olan konağı restore ederek bir müze haline getirmişlerdir. Müze içerisinde Osmanlı-Rus Savaşları ile ilgili askeri malzemeler, savaş planları, haritalar ve fotoğraflar bulunmaktadır. Bu müzenin girişine Ahmet Muhtar Paşa'nın bir büstü yapılmıştır.

Yazdığı kitaplar
 Güzide-i Tarih-i Osmani, Mekteb-i Sanayi-i Şahane Matbaası, 1883.
 Riyaz ül-Muhtar: Mirat-ül Mikat ve el-Edvar, Bulak Matbaası, 1885
 İstimdad, Matbaa-ı Ceride-i Askeriye, 1887.
 Islah-ül Takvim, Matbaat Muhammed Afnadi Mustafa, 1891.
 La Réforme du Calendrier, E. J. Brill, 1893.
 Muhteriat-ı Cediden Çapı Büyük Seri Ateşli Toplar, Mekteb-i Fünun-ı Harbiye Matbaası, 1893.
 Dumansız Barutlar, Matbaa-yı Askeriye, 1894.
 Tedris-i Lisan-i Ermeni, Matbaa-i Tigran Civelekyan, 1897.
 Deniz ve Sahil Muharebelerinin, Karabet Matbaası, 1898.
 Ahvalname-i Müellefat-i Askeriye-i Osmaniye, Tahir Matbaası, 1898.
 Rehber-i Umran, Tahir Bey Matbaası, 1900.
 Rehber-i Muzafferiyat-i Bahriye: yahut Deniz ve Sahil Muharebelerinin Vesait ve Kavaid Esasiyesi, Karabet Matbaası, 1900.
 Hikmet-i Tefekkür, Mensur: Mecal-i Fikret, Manzum, Mahmut Bey matbaası, 1902
 Sen Gotardda Osmanlı Ordusu: 1073-75 Seferinin Vakayi-i Esasiyesi, Esfar-ı Osmaniye hatıraları, Kütüphane-i İslam ve Askeri, 1908.
 Atabe-i Bülend Mertebe-i Hazret-i Hilafet Penahiye bir Arıza, Teşil-i Tıbaat Matbaa ve İdaresi, 1910.
 Sergüzeşt-i Hayatımın Cild-i Evveli, Mekteb-i Harbiye Matbaası, 1912, Yeni Baskısı: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, 1996, ISBN 979-975-333-046-5.
 Sergüzeşt-i Hayatımın Cild-i Sanisi, Mekteb-i Harbiye Matbaası, 1912, Yeni Baskısı: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, 1996, ISBN 975-333-047-2.
 Sene-i Maliyenin Hicri Sene-i Şemsiye ile İstibdaline Dair, Matbaa-i Ebüzziya, 1912.
 Takvimü's-sinin, 1915, Yeni Baskısı: Genelkurmay Başkanlığı, Ankara, 1993.
 İstimali Tekerrür Eden Takvim-i malı, Matbaa-i Ahmet İhsan ve Şürekası, 1916.
 Serair ül-Kur'an fi tekvin ve ifna ve iadet il-ekvan, Evkaf-ı İslâmiye Matbaası, 1920
 Serair ül-Kuran, Darülhilâfet ül-Aliye Evkaf-i Islamiye Matbaasi, 1920.

Kaynakça

1839 doğumlular
Bursa doğumlular
1919 yılında ölenler
19. yüzyılda Osmanlılar
20. yüzyılda Osmanlılar
Osmanlı sadrazamları
Osmanlı Manastır valileri
Osmanlı mareşalleri
II. Abdülhamid tarafından seçilen Meclis-i Âyan üyeleri
Kırım Savaşı'nda Osmanlı askerleri
93 Harbi'nde Osmanlı askerleri
Trablusgarp Savaşı'nda Osmanlılar
Balkan Savaşları'nda Osmanlılar
İstanbul'da ölenler
Fatih Camii Haziresi'ne defnedilenler
19. yüzyıl Osmanlı yazarları
20. yüzyıl Osmanlı yazarları
Mekteb-i Harbiye'de öğrenim görenler
Mekteb-i Erkân-ı Harbiye'de öğrenim görenler
Işıklar Askerî Lisesinde öğrenim görenler

Ahmed Muhtar Paşa


Othello er en dansk stumfilm fra 1908 instrueret af Viggo Larsen.

Medvirkende

 Carl Alstrup
 Poul Gregaard
 Jørgen Lund

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1908

Othello (film fra 1908)


Tricia Marie "Shaznay" Lewis (født 14. oktober 1975 i Islington, London) er en engelsk sanger, sangskriver og medlem af pigegruppen All Saints. Lewis har været med til at skrive de fleste af gruppens sange, inklusive "Bootie Call" og "Pure Shores" der begge nåede toppen af hitlisterne i hjemland samt den internationale hitsingle "Never Ever".

Lewis påbegyndte en kort solokarriere i 2004 med sit soloalbum Open og de to singler "Never Felt Like This Before" og "You". Hun har skrevet for andre kunstnere som Stooshe, hvor hun var med til at skrive deres hitsingle "Black Heart" og hun har skrevet sange sammen med Mutya Keisha Siobhan.

Diskografi
 Open (2004)

Filmografi

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Sangere fra USA
All Saints

Shaznay Lewis


Mrkjenta pod Smokvicu (ili Obrovac) je nenaseljeni otočić u otočju Vrhovnjaci, na pola puta između Lastova i Mljeta, a nalazi se oko 12.5 km istočno od Lastova. Najbliži otok je Donji Vlašnik, oko 780 m prema istoku.

Površina otoka je 4270 m2, a visina 2 metra.

Izvori

Vrhovnjaci

Mrkjenta pod Smokvicu


Eyüplü, Adana ilinin Saimbeyli ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe

Coğrafya
Adana il merkezine 170 km, Saimbeyli ilçesine 14 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

Saimbeyli'nin mahalleleri

Eyüplü, Saimbeyli


Cunnawarra, es un género de arañas araneomorfas pertenecientes a la familia Amphinectidae. Se encuentra en Australia.

Especies
Según The World Spider Catalog 12.0:
 Cunnawarra cassisi Davies, 1998
 Cunnawarra grayi Davies, 1998

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 ION
 Nomenclator Zoologicus

Amphinectidae

Cunnawarra


අන්වර් තාලිෂ් ඔග්ලු අරසොව් - අසර්බයිජානයේ ජාතික වීරයා; ඔහු කරබාක් යුද්ධයෙන් මිය ගියේය.

ඉතා වැදගත්
ඔහු 1953 දෙසැම්බර් 2 වන දින ගංජා හි උපත ලැබීය. ඔහු එම නගරයේ අංක 15 ද්විතීයික පාසලේ අටවන ශ්‍රේණියෙන් උපාධිය ලබා ගත්තේය. ඉන්පසු ඔහු වෘත්තීය පාසලක අධ්‍යාපනය ලැබීය. ටික කලක් වැඩ කිරීමෙන් පසු ඔහු ගංජා පොලිටෙක්නික් විද්‍යාලයට ඇතුළත් විය. 1974 දී බඳවා ගත් අන්වර්, මූර්මන්ස්ක් කලාපයේ උතුරු බලඇණියේ සේවය කළේය. සිය හමුදා සේවය අවසන් කිරීමෙන් පසු ඔහු නැවත ගංජා වෙත පැමිණ ක්‍රිස්ටල් කම්හලේ වැඩ කිරීමට පටන් ගත්තේය. ඒ. අරසොව්, එකවරම නිම නොකළ අධ්‍යාපනය දිගටම කරගෙන යමින්, 1980 දී කාර්මික පාසලෙන් සාර්ථකව උපාධිය ලබා, බලාගාරයේ වැඩ කිරීමට පටන් ගත්තේය, පළමුව නියාමකයෙකු ලෙස, පසුව මාරුවීමේ ප්‍රධානියා ලෙස.

සටන් වලට සහභාගී වීම
1988 දී ආමේනියානුවන් නාගෝර්නෝ-කරබාක්හි යුද්ධය ආරම්භ කර පෙරමුණට යන විට අන්වර් අභ්‍යන්තර කටයුතු අමාත්‍යාංශය විසින් කුලියට ගන්නා ලදී. 1989 දී ඔහු චේකෙන්ඩ් අල්ලා ගැනීම සඳහා වූ සටන්වලට සහභාගී විය. 1992 දී ඔහු ගංජා හි ජාතික ආරක්ෂක කාර්ය මණ්ඩලයේ දෙවන නියෝජ්‍ය ප්‍රධානියා විය. 1992 අගෝස්තු මාසයේදී ඔහු ටාටාර්හි රෙජිමේන්තු අණ දෙන නිලධාරියා ලෙස පත් කරන ලදී. ඔහුගේ නිර්භීතකම වෙනුවෙන් ඔහුට කර්නල් තනතුර පිරිනමන ලදී.
ඔහු අග්දාරා කලාපයේ සාර්ථක මෙහෙයුම් රැසකට සහභාගී විය. 1992 නොවැම්බර් 1-2 දින රාත්‍රියේ ඔහු ආග්ඩම් කලාපයේ සර්ඛාවන්ඩ් ගම්මානයේ ආර්මේනියානු කොල්ලකරුවන් සමඟ සටන් කොට නිර්භීතව මිය ගියේය.

පවුලක්
ඔහු විවාහකයි. එක් පුතෙකු හා එක් දියණියක් සිහිපත් වේ.

ජාතික වීරයා
1992 නොවැම්බර් 6 දිනැති අසර්බයිජාන් ජනරජයේ අංක 290 දරන ජනාධිපතිවරයාගේ නියෝගය අනුව අසර්බයිජානයේ ජාතික වීරයා යන නාමය අරාසොව් අන්වර් තාලිෂ් ඔග්ලුට මරණින් පසු ප්‍රදානය කරන ලදී.
ඔහුව තැන්පත් කරනු ලැබුවේ ගංජාහි දිවි පිදූවන්ගේ ඇලී වලය.

බාහිර සබැඳි
http://www.azerbaijans.com/content_420_en.html

අන්වර් අරසොව්


Ornithogalum saundersiae est une espèce de plantes de la famille des Asparagacées originaire d'Afrique du Sud.

Liens externes

Espèce d'Angiospermes (nom scientifique)
Asparagaceae

Ornithogalum saundersiae


Daniel Rye Ottosen (født 1989 i Give) er en dansk freelance fotograf, der i 13 måneder i 2013 og 2014 blev holdt som gidsel af Islamisk Stat. Han blev frigivet i juni 2014 efter at der var betalt en løsesum på 15 millioner kroner. Han var rejst til Syrien for at lave en fotoreportage om syriske flygtninge i Tyrkiet og det nordlige Syrien.

19. juni 2014 var den dato, han endelig blev ført over grænsen til Tyrkiet, hvor han var i sikkerhed.

Hans oplevelser som gidsel er baggrunden for Puk Damsgårds bestseller fra 2015 "Ser du månen, Daniel" og en filmatisering af denne, der havde premiere 29. august 2019. Filmen er instrueret af Niels Arden Oplev og med Esben Smed i rollen som Daniel Rye.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fotografer fra Danmark

Daniel Rye


River est une chanson de la guitariste auteur - compositeur Joni Mitchell, publiée sur son album Blue. Écrite au piano, cette chanson est devenue un standard interprété par de nombreux artistes de styles musicaux très divers et est devenu populaire en tant que musique de Noël. Bien que jamais sorti en single, River occupe la deuxième place parmi les chansons de Mitchell les plus enregistrées par d'autres artistes.

La chanson évoque la récente rupture d'une relation amoureuse, la chanteuse souhaitant échapper à ses liens émotionnels douloureux. Elle est probablement inspirée par la relation de Mitchell avec Graham Nash de 1968 à 1970 . Bien que la chanson n'évoque pas directement les fêtes de Noël, mais se déroule simplement durant cette période de Noël, elle est devenue une sorte de standard de Noël moderne. L'écrivain Will Blythe pense que la chanson est liée à une visite à Chapel Hill que Mitchell a faite avec James Taylor et à une séance de chants de Noël avec la famille de celui-ci .

L'accompagnement au piano de la voix emprunte beaucoup à l'air de la chanson d'hiver du  Jingle Bells.

Reprises de la chanson
River est la deuxième chanson la plus enregistrée dans l'œuvre de Mitchell (432 enregistrements, derrière seulement Both Sides, Now), apparaissant fréquemment sur des albums de musique de Noël d'artistes pop, folk et jazz.

River a été repris par Barry Manilow sur son album de 2002 A Christmas Gift of Love avec un changement de couplet impliquant un changement de genre. Il s'est classé en tant que single à la  place des charts US Adult Contemporary. Sarah McLachlan l'a également repris sur son album Wintersong de 2006 et l'a sorti en single. Sa version s'est classée à la  place du Billboard Hot 100 et à la  place des charts Adult Contemporary. L'auteur-compositeur-interprète américain James Taylor a repris la chanson pour son album studio de 2006, intitulé James Taylor at Christmas. Il avait entendu la chanson pour la première fois lorsque Joni Mitchell l'avait jouée pour lui chez elle en 1970.

La chanteuse de jazz américaine Madeleine Peyroux l'a enregistrée en duo avec K.d. lang pour son album de 2006 Half the Perfect World. En 2017, Sam Smith a repris la chanson dans une version enregistrée aux RAK Studios à Londres.

Ben Platt, tout comme son personnage, Payton Hobart, a interprété la chanson lors du premier épisode de la série The Politician (2019), et sur la bande originale de la série. Une reprise de Judy Collins apparaît sur son album 2019 Winter Stories.

Dans le film Vous avez un message (You've Got Mail) de 1998, le personnage de Kathleen Kelly, joué par Meg Ryan, cite les premières lignes de la chanson alors qu'elle écrit un e-mail au personnage joué par Tom Hanks : It's coming on Christmas, "Ils coupent arbres Vous connaissez cette chanson de Joni Mitchell ? J'aimerais avoir une rivière sur laquelle je pourrais patiner... Une chanson tellement triste, et pas vraiment sur Noël du tout mais j'y pensais ce soir alors que je décorais mon sapin de Noël…"

Références

Single numéro un au Royaume-Uni
Single publié par Polydor
Chanson écrite par Joni Mitchell
Chanson interprétée par Ellie Goulding
Chanson interprétée par Barry Manilow
Chanson interprétée par Joni Mitchell
Chanson de 1971

River (chanson de Joni Mitchell)


An Haworthia maculata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Karl von Poellnitz, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Martin Bruce Bayer. An Haworthia maculata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Haworthia, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 H. m. intermedia
 H. m. maculata

Mga kasarigan

Haworthia

Haworthia maculata


Aderus hartmanni é uma espécie de inseto besouro da família Aderidae. Foi descrita cientificamente por Maurice Pic em 1907.

Distribuição geográfica
Habita na Tanzânia.

Referências

hartmanni
Fauna da Tanzânia
Insetos descritos em 1907
Espécies descritas por Maurice Pic

Aderus hartmanni


රසායනික ප්‍රතික්‍රියාවීමේ විවිධ වූ ආකාර ඇත. විටෙක ඒවා කාණ්ඩ ගත කිරීමේ ක්‍රම එකමත එක වැටෙමින් හා එක්වර ද වීමෙන් හඳුනාගැනීම අපහසු කරයි. එමනිසා පහත දක්වා ඇත්තේ පොදු ප්‍රතික්‍රියා වර්ග කිහිපයක් පහදා දීමේ උදාහරණයන් ද  සමගිනි.

 *•	සමාවයවිකතාවය	- ශුද්ධ පරමාණු සංයුතියෙහි වෙනසක් නොමැතිව  එහි හැඩයේ ප්‍රතිව්‍යුහගත වීමක් සමාවයවිකතාව නම් වේ.

 *•	සෘජු සැබැදුම (Direct Combination) හෝ විශ්ලේෂණය
ප්‍රතික්‍රියක මූලද්‍රව්‍ය දෙකක් හෝ කිහිපයක් එක්වී වඩා සංකීර්ණ වූ ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලබාදීම.

N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3

 *•	රසායනික වියෝජනය හෝ සරල කොටස්වලට වෙන්කර ගැනීම
 එනම් සංයෝගයක් කුඩා සංයෝගවලට හෝ මූලද්‍රව්‍යය වලට වෙන් කිරීම
2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2
 *•	තනි විස්ථානගත වීම හෝ ආදේශ වීම
	එනම් මූලද්‍රව්‍යයක් වෙනත් සක්‍රීය මූලද්‍රව්‍යයක් හමුවේ සංයෝගයෙන් විස්ථානගත වීමයි.
	2 Na(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → 2 NaCl(aq) + H2(g)

 *•	හුවමාරු වීම හෝ ද්විත්ව  ප්‍රතිස්ථාපන ප්‍රතික්‍රියා
	එනම් සං‍යෝග දෙකක් අතර අයන හෝ බන්ධන හුවමාරුවෙන් තවත් සංයෝග දෙකක් සෑදීමයි.
NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)
 *•	අම්ල   - භෂ්ම ප්‍රතික්‍රියා
	අම්ල -භෂ්ම ප්‍රතික්‍රියාවකදී ඒවා විවිධ වූ ආකාරයට හැසිරෙන නිසා අම්ල භෂ්ම ප්‍රතික්‍රියාවලට විවිධ වූ අර්ථ කථනයන් පවතී. ඉන් වැදගත්ම කිහිපයක් පහත දැක්වේ.

 *	ආහීනියස් අර්ථ දැක්වීම
	අම්ල ජලය හමුවේදී H3O+ පිට කරමින් විඝටනය වේ. භෂ්මය OH-  අයන් ජලයට පිට කරමින් විඝටනය වේ.

 *	බ්‍රොන්ස්ටඩ් - ලෞරි අර්ථ දැක්වීම
	අම්ල යනු (H+)  ප්‍රෝටෝන ප්‍රදානය කරන්නන්ය. භෂ්ම යනු ප්‍රෝටෝන ප්‍රතිග්‍රහණය කරන්නන්ය.  එය මෙයට ආහීනියස් වාදය ද ඇතුළත් වේ.

 *	ලුවිස් වාදය
	අම්ල යනු එකසර යුගල් ප්‍රතිග්‍රහණය කරන්නන්වන අතර භෂ්ම යනු එකසර යුගල් ප්‍රදානය කරන්නන් වේ. එයට බ්‍රොන්ස්ටන් ලෞරිවාදයට ඇතුළත් වේ.

 *•	රෙඩොක්ස් ප්‍රතික්‍රියා
	එනම් එම ප්‍රතික්‍රියාවට ලක්වන මූලද්‍රව්‍යවල ඔක්සිකරණ අංක වෙනස් වීමෙන් සිදුවන ප්‍රතික්‍රියා වේ. මෙම ප්‍රතික්‍රියාවල දී ප්‍රතික්‍රියක අතර ඉලෙක්ට්‍රෝන හුවමාරුවීමක් සිදුවී අවසන් ඵලය ලබාදේ.
	උදාහරණ	-
	2 S2O32−(aq) + I2(aq) → S4O62−(aq) + 2 I−(aq)

	මෙහිදී I2  හි ඔක්සිහරණ අංකය අඩු වී I-  වන අතර S2O32-  (තයෝ සල්ෆේට අයනය ) ඔක්සිකරණය වී S4O62-  බවට පත් වේ.

දහනය

එය එක්තරා ආකාරයක රෙඩොක්සි ප්‍රතික්‍රියාවක් වේ. එහිදී දහනය කළ හැකි මූලද්‍රව්‍යයක් ඔක්සිකරණ  මූලද්‍රව්‍යයක් හා එක්වීමෙන් තාපය පිට කරමින් ඔක්සිකරණය වේ. මෙහි ඔක්සිකරණ මූලද්‍රව්‍යය වශයෙන් බොහෝ විට O2 යොදා ගනී. දහනය යන පදය යොදාගනු ලබන්නේ සම්පූර්ණ පද්ධතියම ඔක්සිකරණයට ලක්වීමේදීය. එනම් පාලිත තත්වයන් යටතේ සිදුවන ඔක්සිකරණයන් දහනයන් නොවේ.
C10H8+ 12 O2 → 10 CO2 + 4 H2O
CH2S + 6 F2 → CF4 + 2 HF + SF6
කාබනික ප්‍රතික්‍රියා

කාබනික ප්‍රතික්‍රියා වර්ග ඉතා විශාල ප්‍රමාණයක් පවතින අතර එහිදී ප්‍රතික්‍රියාවට තම පරමාණුක ව්‍යුහයේ ප්‍රධාන මූලද්‍රව්‍ය වශයෙන් කාබන් පවතින සංයෝගවල ප්රතික්‍රියා‍වේ. කාබනික සංයෝගවල ප්‍රතික්‍රියාව එම සංයෝගයේ ඇති ක්‍රියාකාරී කාණ්ඩය මත වෙනස් අයුරින් අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකි. එනම්  එය අකාබනික ප්‍රතික්‍රියාවලට විරුද්ධව අරුත් ගැන්විය හැක. තවද කාබනික ප්‍රතික්‍රියා ඒවායේ යාන්ත්‍රණය අනුව ද වෙනස් කළ හැක.

පහත උදාහරණ කිහිපයක් දක්වා ඇත

  *•	අයන ප්‍රතික්‍රියා - හයිපො ක්ලෝරයිට්වල ද්විධාකරණය
  *•	සක්‍රීය ආකාබනික මූලද්‍රව්‍ය සමග සිදුවන ප්‍රතික්‍රියා
	උදා -	ඉනොලේට්වල ප්‍රතික්‍රියා
  *•	සම්පූර්ණ  ප්‍රතික්‍රියා
	උදා - අධික උෂ්ණත්වවලදී දහනය
  *•	කාබීන වල ප්‍රතික්‍රියා

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction#Reaction_types

රසායනික ප්‍රතික්‍රියා-ප්‍රතික්‍රියා වර්ග


La  est une gare ferroviaire de la ville de Higashimurayama, à Tokyo au Japon. Elle est exploitée la compagnie JR East.

Situation ferroviaire
La gare de Shin-Akitsu est située au point kilométrique (PK) 13,0 de la ligne Musashino.

Histoire
La gare a été inaugurée le .

Services aux voyageurs

Accès et accueil
La gare dispose d'un bâtiment voyageurs, avec guichet, ouvert tous les jours.

Desserte
 Ligne Musashino :
 voie 1 : direction Nishi-Kokubunji et Fuchū-Hommachi
 voie 2 : direction Minami-Urawa, Shin-Matsudo et Nishi-Funabashi

Intermodalité
La gare d'Akitsu de la compagnie Seibu est située à  au nord-est.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes
  La gare de Shin-Akitsu sur le site de la JR East

Gare à Tokyo
Gare JR East
Gare mise en service en 1973
Higashimurayama

Gare de Shin-Akitsu


Une religion dit « ethnique » est une religion qui se différencie des trois grandes religions monothéistes actuelles (Christianisme, Judaïsme et Islam). Ce terme peut remplacer celui de « païen » ou de « néopaïen » qui contient des connotations négatives comme l'ont dit la majorité des personnes qui ont participé à une discussion d'une journée à propos du nom de l'association ECER (Congrès Européen des Religions Ethniques en français), en 1998.

Ce terme renvoie aux traditions spirituelles originelles de son pays et renoue donc un lien avec les religions pré-monothéistes. Il en renvoie aussi à la Nature et aux dieux dit   « païens ».

Les religions ethniques peuvent comporter à la fois les religions païennes antiques, donc celles qui ont existé avant les monothéistes, et les religions néopaïenne qui sont la résurgence des religions antiques actuellement en vigueur dans diverses parties du globe.

Croyances
La plupart des religions ethniques ont un lien fort avec la nature et l'environnement. La pratique magique a également une place centrale car par orthopraxie, cela permet d'influencer la Nature pour pouvoir faire des demandes. Ceci en va de même pour les dieux, pour ce qui est d'obtenir leurs attentions et leurs faveurs.

Les religions ethniques croient tous en un « au-delà » ou une quelconque vie après la mort.

Dans ces religions, il existe plusieurs dieux qui parfois sont des entités à part entière ou bien des « essences » d'une seule et même divinité créatrice et originelle.

Le culte des ancêtres ainsi que les rites de passage ont également une grand place chez les personnes appartenant à des religions ethniques.

Liste des principales religions ethniques ancienne

 Religion de l'Égypte antique
 Religion grecque antique
 Religion de la Rome antique
 Religion nordique ancienne
 Religion des Celtes
 Religion aztèque
 Religion en Mésopotamie

Liste des principales religions ethniques nouvelles

 Kémitisme/Netjerisme
 Hellénisme/Dodécathéisme
 Nova Roma
 Ásatrú / Odinisme
 Néodruidisme
 Mexicayotl
 Zuisme

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Paganisme
 Néopaganisme
 Religion
 Spiritualité
 Congrès européen des religions ethniques

Liens externes
 ECER - European Congress of Ethnic Religions

Néopaganisme

Religion ethnique


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Heľpa enthält die sieben nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützten Objekte in der Gemeinde Heľpa im Okres Brezno, Slowakei.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

!
Helpa


Centrum Rekreacyjno-Sportowe w Zielonej Górze (også benævnt Hala Widowiskowo-Sportowa w Zielonej Górze) er en multiarena og sportscenter beliggende i Zielona Góra i det vestlige Polen. Centeret blev indviet i juni 2010.

Stedet benyttes blandt andet til basketball, håndbold, futsal, tennis og volleyball. Anlægget bruges også til at arrangere kulturelle og underholdningsbegivenheder. Hallen kan rumme 6080 tilskuere (5080 faste sæder og ca. 1000 udtrækssæder). Komplekset indeholder en lille træningshal, en stor hal, svømmebassiner, omklædningsrum og en bar.

I februar 2019 blev der på DecoTurf-underlag spillet Fed Cup i arenaen, med blandt andet deltagelse af Danmarks Fed Cup-hold.

Eksterne henvisninger

 Officielt websted
 Basket Zielona Góra Arena

Multiarenaer
Etableret i 2010
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Polen
Sport i Polen


11. VM i kortbanesvømning blev afholdt i  Istanbul, Tyrkiet fra 12–16. december 2012. Der var kun tale om svømning, ikke anden vandsport som er almindeligt ved VM i svømning på langbane. Konkurrencerne foregik i Sinan Erdem Dome; alle konkurrencer blev svømmet i en 25-meter pool. VM i kortbanesvømning arrangeres af  FINA.

USA toppede medaljelisten med tilsammen 27 medaljer og havde flest guldmedaljer med 11. Tilsammen 18 mesterskabsrekorder blev sat og 2 verdensrekorder (begge blev sat af amerikaneren Ryan Lochte).  Lochte og ungarske Katinka Hosszú blev udnævnt som bedste mandlige og bedste kvindelige svømmere ved stævnet. Lochte afsluttede stævnet med otte medaljer og slog derved sin rekord som var syv medaljer i 2010, og Hosszú fik tilsammen fem medaljer. Kina blev nummer to, Ungarn nummer tre og Danmark blev nummer fire med tre guld, to sølv og fire bronze. Færøerne vandt sin første VM-medalje nogensinde, da Pál Joensen vandt bronze i 1500 meter fri, hvor Danmark med Mads Glæsner vandt guld.

Medaljeoversigt

Referencer

2012
Sport i 2012

VM i kortbanesvømning 2012


Katzberg ist ein Ortsteil von Schalkau im Landkreis Sonneberg in Thüringen.

Lage
Ein kleiner Höhensattel trennt Katzberg, das in einem kleinen Talkessel liegt, von den anderen Ortsteilen ab. Von den Anhöhen Grieß und dem benachbarten Stiefvater hat man einen freien Blick in das Umland und zum Thüringer Schiefergebirge. Die Bahnstrecke Eisfeld–Sonneberg führt dort durch das bergige Gelände.

Geschichte
Am 22. März 1317 wurde das Dorf erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Das heutige Dorfbild ist von den ehemaligen bäuerlichen Strukturen gekennzeichnet. Am 14. Juli 1993 wurde der Ort nach Schalkau eingemeindet. 91 Personen lebten 2012 im Ort.

Dialekt
In Katzberg wird Itzgründisch, ein mainfränkischer Dialekt, gesprochen.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Ort im Landkreis Sonneberg
Geographie (Schalkau)
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Sonneberg)
Ersterwähnung 1317
Gemeindeauflösung 1993

Katzberg (Schalkau)


Lancia, Vincenzo Lancia tarafından 1906 yılında kurulan İtalyan otomobil üreticisi, 2009'dan beri Fiat grubunun (FCA Italy) bir parçasıdır.

lancia'nın en ünlü modellerinden biri, 1950'lerin sonundan 1970'lere kadar üretilen Lancia Fulvia'dır. Fulvia, arkadan itişli bir otomobil olarak tasarlanmıştı ve özellikle ralli yarışlarındaki performansıyla dikkat çekiyordu. Lancia, 1970'lerde bir diğer ünlü modeli olan Lancia Stratos'u piyasaya sürdü. Stratos, kısa ve geniş bir tasarıma sahipti ve yine ralli yarışlarındaki performansıyla büyük bir hayran kitlesi kazandı.

Lancia, 1980'lerde ve 1990'larda birçok farklı model üretti. Bu modeller arasında Lancia Delta, Lancia Thema, Lancia Dedra ve Lancia Kappa gibi modeller yer alıyordu. Bu modeller, genellikle lüks araba segmentinde yer alıyorlardı ve yüksek kalite standartlarına sahipti.

1990'ların sonlarına doğru, Lancia bir dizi ekonomik zorlukla karşı karşıya kaldı ve bu nedenle üretiminde azalmalar yaşandı. Şirket, 2009 yılında İtalyan otomobil üreticisi Fiat'ın bünyesine katıldı. Bu birleşme, Lancia'nın üretiminde yeni bir dönemi başlattı ve şirket yeniden tasarlanmış modeller piyasaya sürdü.

Bugün, Lancia hala Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) şirketinin bir parçasıdır ve üretiminde bazı değişiklikler yaşandı. Lancia, 2014 yılında piyasaya sürülen Ypsilon modelini üretmektedir. Ypsilon, küçük bir otomobil olarak tasarlanmıştır ve özellikle İtalya'da popülerdir.

bağlantılar

 Lancia Türkiye

İtalya merkezli otomotiv şirketleri
Otomobil markaları
İtalya'daki otomobil yarışı takımları
Formula 1 markaları
Troleybüs üreticileri
1906'da kurulan şirketler
İtalyan markaları
Feshedilen otobüs üreticileri

Lancia


حسين النجادة هو لاعب كرة قدم كويتي. يلعب كحارس مرمى مع نادي اليرموك الرياضي منذ موسم 2007-08.

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم كويتيون
لاعبو نادي اليرموك (الكويت)

حسين النجاده


The Varlık Vergisi (, "wealth tax" or "capital tax") was a tax mostly levied on non-Muslim citizens in Turkey in 1942, with the stated aim of raising funds for the country's defense in case of an eventual entry into World War II. The underlying reason for the tax was to inflict financial ruin on the minority non-Muslim citizens of the country, end their prominence in the country's economy and transfer the assets of non-Muslims to the Muslim bourgeoisie. It was a discriminatory measure which taxed non-Muslims up to ten times more heavily and resulted in a significant amount of wealth and property being  transferred to Muslims.

Background
The Şükrü Saracoğlu government introduced a bill for a one-off tax, which was approved by the Turkish parliament on November 11, 1942. This tax targeted fixed assets, including landed estates, buildings, businesses, and industrial enterprises owned by all citizens but disproportionately affected minorities. Non-Muslim communities, such as Jews, Greeks, Armenians, and Levantines, who played a significant role in the economy, were particularly hard-hit, with Armenians bearing the heaviest tax burden.

While the tax was supposedly meant for all Turkish citizens, it disproportionately burdened non-Muslims with exorbitant and arbitrary rates. This unfair imposition, reminiscent of the historical "jizya - gavur tax," fueled public perception that it targeted them specifically. The recent dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, just two decades prior, intensified the impact, as memories of discriminatory practices lingered in the collective consciousness of minority groups. The consequences were severe—the remaining non-Muslim merchant class was decimated, and many non-Muslim families faced financial ruin. The taxes reached staggering levels, at times surpassing an individual's entire wealth. The law applied even to impoverished non-Muslims like drivers, workers, and beggars, while their Muslim counterparts enjoyed exemption. The Varlık Vergisi led to a number of suicides among ethnic minority citizens in Istanbul.

During World War II, Turkey maintained a neutral stance until February 1945. The official rationale for the tax was to bolster the state treasury in preparation for a potential invasion by Nazi Germany or the Soviet Union. However, the primary motive behind the tax was to assert national control over the Turkish economy. By diminishing the influence and control of minority populations in trade, finance, and industries, the government aimed to create a new Turkish Muslim bourgeoisie.

The tax could not be challenged neither by legal nor administrative means, except if there was a duplication. Non-Muslims were given a 15-day window to pay their dues in cash. Those unable to meet the obligation resorted to borrowing from friends or family, selling properties at public auctions, or offloading businesses to gather funds.

For those incapable of payment, they were sent to labor camps in eastern Anatolia. Though workers received wages, half was deducted to offset their debts. Elderly individuals, unable to endure the rigorous labor, collaborated with younger villagers from Aşkale, paying them daily wages to work in their stead. All five thousand sent to the labor camps were non-Muslims, as Muslim taxpayers faced milder consequences. Despite the law exempting those over fifty-five from labor service, even elderly and sick individuals found themselves dispatched. Twenty-one people died in these camps, and their wealth was confiscated by the Turkish government and sold at significantly reduced prices to Turkish Muslims, laying the groundwork for some contemporary Turkish conglomerates. The state also seized property from close relatives—parents, parents-in-law, children, and siblings—selling it to settle tax amounts, even if the individual had been consigned to forced labor.

Taxpayers were classified into four separate lists, the "M" list, for Muslims, the "G", for non-Muslims (Gayrimuslim), the "E", for Foreigners (Ecnebi) and the "D" for converts (Dönme). Foreign-passport residents in Turkey who gave in a tax return or owned a business were forced to pay a huge capital levy on supposed wealth too. However, none of them were ruined or committed suicide. Devoid of any factual basis, the tax seemed to arise solely from the authorities' whims, prompting foreign embassies and consulates to intervene on behalf of their nationals.   During the period, the Turkish press allegedly published "anti-minority" articles and reports.

Official figures revealed that the Turkish government collected TL 324 million (when 1 US dollar equaled 1.20 Turkish lira) through the confiscation of non-Muslim assets—an amount surpassing $4 billion in 2022.  According to Faik Ökte, the director of finance for the province of Istanbul at the time during the Varlık Vergisi, TL 289,256,246 was collected from non-Muslim minorities, TL 34,226,764 from converts, and TL 25,600,409 from Muslims. Despite the government's rigid enforcement of this discriminatory law, it failed to achieve the intended results. Companies, compelled to offset losses, sharply increased product prices, triggering an inflationary spiral that adversely impacted low-income consumers.

Repeal and aftermath
International pressure led to the repeal of the controversial law on March 15, 1944, driven by strong criticism from the United Kingdom and the United States. Following its abolition, minority citizens detained in labor camps were released, and though the Turkish government pledged to refund paid taxes to non-Muslims, this promise went unfulfilled.

The opposition Democratic Party (DP) capitalized on its unpopularity in the general election of 1950, which was the first democratic general election in the Turkish Republic, thereby securing a landslide victory against the Republican People's Party (CHP).

The enduring impact of these taxes manifested in a lasting demographic shift within minority populations. Many, particularly the Greek minority, perceived an uncertain future in Turkey and sought refuge in Greece. Conversely, some from the Jewish community, having safeguarded assets abroad, managed to rebuild a more cautious life in Turkey. The tax precipitated the closure or sale of small businesses to larger entities, consolidating control in the hands of major business interests. It also facilitated state confiscation of significant minority property in Istanbul, not only reshaping the economy but altering the urban landscape as well. The 1935 Census recorded non-Muslims as 1.98% of the population; by 1945, this had fallen to 1.54%.

In addition, the Varlık Vergisi underscored that being Muslim held substantial implications for Turkish citizenship. Its treatment by the Turkish press highlighted the close ties between the Executive and the Press in the country.

In 1951, Faik Ökte, in his memoirs, admitted to the discriminatory application of the tax against non-Muslims. The Turkish press condemned him as a "traitor to the homeland" for publishing such revelations.

In popular culture
The historical novel Salkım Hanım'ın Taneleri (variously translated as Mrs. Salkım's Diamonds/Pearls/Beads/Necklace), written by Turkish author Yilmaz Karakoyunlu, recounts stories and witnesses of the non-Muslims during the Varlık Vergisi. The same novel was turned into a film of the same name, Mrs. Salkım's Diamonds. Members of parliament, such as Ahmet Çakar (MHP), were outraged at the screening.

The Netflix series The Club revolves around a Jewish woman who was victimized by the tax and its aftermath.

See also
Economic history of Turkey
Taxation of the Jews in Europe for other types of taxes imposed on the Jews
Judenvermögensabgabe, a similar tax targeting wealthy Jews in Nazi Germany
Confiscated Armenian properties in Turkey
Jizya
Dhimmi
The Twenty Classes

References

Further reading

1942 in Turkey
1942 in law
Anti-Armenianism in Turkey
Antisemitism in Turkey
Discrimination in Turkey
Greeks in Turkey
History of the Republic of Turkey
Taxation in Turkey
Turkish words and phrases
Economic history of Turkey
Persecution of Christians in Turkey
Property taxes

Varlık Vergisi


La Sociedad Deportia Santa Brígida fue un club de fútbol de España, del municipio de Santa Brígida (Las Palmas). Se fundó en 1969 y desapareció en 2004 tras unirse a la Club Deportivo La Angostura y crear el actual Unión Deportiva Villa de Santa Brígida. En el momento de la unión el SD Santa Brígida militaba en Preferente.

Historia
La Sociedad Deportiva Santa Brígida se funda en 1969. En 1980 tiene el honor de ser uno de los veinte equipos que fundan el Grupo Canario de Tercera División. En esta división militó en tres campañas, pero fue en Preferente Las Palmas, máximo nivel del fútbol regional en la provincia donde desarrollo gran parte de su historia. El equipo es hoy en día, pese a haber desaparecido en 2004 el equipo de la provincia de Las Palmas con más participaciones en Preferente con diecisiete. En 2004 el equipo desaparecía tras fusionarse con el Club Deportivo La Angostura y crear el actual Unión Deportiva Villa de Santa Brígida por petición municipal, dado que el Ayuntamiento de Santa Brígida no podía mantener dos equipos semiprofesionales. Ese año la SD Santa Brígida se encontraba en Preferente.

Estadio
El Estadio Municipal del Guiniguada, situado en el barrio de la Angostura y llamado así por estar ubicado en el Barranco Guiniguada (nombre aborigen de dicho barranco y que aún hoy se conserva) tiene capacidad para 800 espectadores.

Uniforme
 Local: la camiseta es blanca con toques azules, el pantalón es azul y las medias azul.
 Visitante: el uniforme visitante es completamente azul marino, amarillo o verde dependiendo de la temporada.

Temporadas

Datos del Club
 Temporadas en 3ªDivisión: 3
 Temporadas en Preferente: 17
 Temporadas en 1ªRegional: 4

Véase también
Anexo:Equipos de fútbol de Canarias
Anexo:Equipos de fútbol de la provincia de Las Palmas

Referencias

Deporte en Gran Canaria
Equipos de fútbol de la provincia de Las Palmas
Equipos de fútbol fundados en 1969
Equipos de fútbol desaparecidos de Canarias
Equipos de fútbol que se han fusionado y fusiones
Fútbol en España en 1969
Fútbol en España en 2004
Historia de la provincia de Las Palmas
Equipos de fútbol desaparecidos en 2004
Santa Brígida (Gran Canaria)
Unión Deportiva Villa de Santa Brígida

Sociedad Deportiva Santa Brígida


غزة  هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء البقاع الغربي في محافظة البقاع، وهي مركز اتحاد بلديات السهل.
غزة هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء البقاع الغربي في محافظة البقاع.

مصدر الاسم:
هناك ثلاث احتمالات في تفسير أصل التسمية، يرجعها الاحتمال الأول إلى اللغة الآرامية "Gazze" أي «مخازن وكنوز ومدّخرات». ويرجعها الاحتمال الثاني إلى كلمة "Gezze" وتعني جزّات (الصوف المجزوز)، والاحتمال الثالث هي أن أحد قاده الجيوش الإسلامية سماها «غزة» أي مكان استراحة الجيوش.

الموقع:
تبعد غزة 62 كلم (38.5268 مي) عن بيروت عاصمة لبنان. ترتفع 870 م (2854.47 قدم - 951.432 يارد) عن سطح البحر وتمتد على مساحة 760 هكتاراً (7.6 كلم²- 2.9336 مي²).
ويمكن الوصول إليها عبر طريق:
شتورة - المرج - جب جنين - غزة أو قب إلياس - الطريق الغربي - المنصورة - غزة، أو جب جنين - غزة.

السكان:
يقدّر عدد السكان المسجّلين في سجلات الأحوال الشخصية بنحو 6,150 نسمة ينتمون إلى المذهب السنّي. وتتميّز غزة بكثرة أهاليها المهاجرين (نحو 60% منهم)، خاصة إلى فنزويلا والبرازيل ودول أخرى مثل الولايات المتحدة وأستراليا ودول الخليج العربية وأوروبا وأفريقيا. ويوجد في البلدة نحو 1,000 منزل.
بلغ عدد الناخبين 3837 ناخباً في أيار من العام 2004 مقارنة بـ 3,476 ناخباً في العام 2000. وتوزّعوا على عدة عائلات أبرزهم:

أبرز العائلات:
المجذوب، القادري، الصميلي، أبو جخ، عبد الهادي، الغزاوي، مراد، داهوك، منصور، رجب، أبو ناصيف، ياسين، خليل، هزيمة، أبو مراد، طه، عياش، عبد الفتاح، زهران، شرانق، العقلة، القدة، أبو سعيد، الأنصاري، الكردي، الترك، إلخ.
تحدها من الشمال الخيارة والقادرية وحوش الحريمة، ومن الجنوب جب جنين وكامد اللوز، ومن الشرق السلطان يعقوب التحتا والسلطان يعقوب الفوقا وتل الزعازع.

أهمية موقعها:
تعتبر غزة نقطة وصل بين مختلف قرى البقاع الأمر الذي يكسبها أهمية زراعية وتجارية واسعة في منطقتها.

إنجازات ذاتية:
استطاعت بلدة غزة تخطي مآسي الحرب الأهلية من خلال إنشاء لجنة أهلية ذاتية تمكنت بفضل جهود ودعم أهاليها ومغتربيها، وخاصة في البرازيل وفنزويلا، حيث أقامت منتزها خاصا وأنشأت شبكة الصرف الصحي إلى غيرها من المشاريع الحيوية.

أهم مرافقها:
تحتوي بلدة غزة البقاع الغربي، في شارع المدارس، على مدارس حكومية وخاصة ومركز النادي وفرع للجامعة اللبنانية.
يعتبر سوق غزة الشعبي (سوق الخميس) من أنشط أسواق المنطقة.

تطورات حديثة:
إثر الحرب السورية الأخيرة لجأ إلى بلدة غزة عدد من اللاجئين السوريين يقدر بثلاثة أضعاف عدد سكان البلدة، أي ما يقارب 30 ألف لاجئ.

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في قضاء البقاع الغربي
أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
أماكن مأهولة في محافظة البقاع
مدن لبنان

غزة (البقاع)


Dealignment, este un fenomen (trend sau proces) în științele politice, prin care o porțiune largă a electoratului unui anumit partid politic își schimbă afilierea politică într-un așa mod, încât nu se reafiliază unui alt partid politic.

Cercetătorii acestui fenomen din SUA au conclus că în ultimele decenii, dealignment-ul este un fenomen care caracterizează alegerile electorale printr-un procent din ce în ce mai mare din alegători.

Dealignment-ul de clasă
Dealignment-ul de clasă apare atunci când membrii unei clase sociale încetează să se mai identifice cu vreo clasă socială.

Note

Terminologie din științele politice

Dealignment


Svijet

Natjecanja

Svjetska natjecanja

Kontinentska natjecanja

Europska natjecanja

Osnivanja
 Burnley F.C., engleski nogometni klub
 Queens Park Rangers F.C., engleski nogometni klub
 Tottenham Hotspur F.C., engleski nogometni klub

Rekordi

Nagrade

Ostali događaji

Rođenja

Smrti

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Natjecanja

Timski športovi

Pojedinačni športovi

Osnivanja

Rekordi

Nagrade

Ostali događaji

Rođenja

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Šport u 1882.


Vincenzo Apicella (Nápoles, 22 de janeiro de 1947) é bispo da diocese italiana de Velletri-Segni.

O Cardeal Vigário da Diocese de Roma e Arcipreste da Basílica Lateranense, Cardeal Ugo Poletti, o ordenou sacerdote em 25 de março de 1972. Em 19 de julho de 1996, o Papa João Paulo II o nomeou bispo auxiliar em Roma e bispo titular de Ierafi.

O Cardeal Vigário da Diocese de Roma e Arcipreste da Basílica Lateranense, Cardeal Camillo Ruini, o consagrou em 14 de setembro do mesmo ano; Os co-consagradores foram Cesare Nosiglia, arcebispo ad personam e bispo auxiliar em Roma, e Diego Natale Bona, bispo de Saluzzo.

Papa Bento XVI nomeou-o Bispo de Velletri-Segni em 28 de janeiro de 2006.

Ver também

Bispos católicos da Itália

Vincenzo Apicella


Shunta Shimura (født 26. april 1997) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Thespakusatsu Gunma.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Shunta Shimura


Ha-Schem Ha-Mephorasch (השם המפורש ha-Shem ha-mefôrash "der ausdrücklich (festgelegte) Name", auch ha-Shem ha-mejûchad "der spezielle Name"), auch Schemhamphorasch, ist eine der Bezeichnungen Gottes im Judentum. Es handele sich um den "voll ausgeführten Namen Gottes"; das Tetragramm JHWH als "voll ausgeführter Name" wurde "[s]eit der Zerstörung des Tempels […] vollends tabuisiert, damit allerdings auch Tür und Tor für "geheime" Spekulationen geöffnet".

Rezeption im Judentum
In der rabbinischen Überlieferung ist "vom Shem ha-mefôrash als dem voll ausgeführten Gottesnamen die Rede, was zu allerlei Spekulationen über dessen Bedeutung und Form Anlass gegeben hat". Dazu gehören Spekulationen über Gottesnamen mit 24, 48 und 72 Buchstaben oder eine Gesamtheit der "zweiundsiebzig, heiligen Namen Gottes, von denen jeder ein Engel ist". Unter anderem der Kabbalist Josef ben Abraham Gikatilla leitete den Ausdruck nicht von der Wurzel PRSh "ausbreiten", "ausführen", "erklären", sondern von der gleichgeschriebenen Wortwurzel "absondern" ab, entsprechend steht Shem ha-mefôrash hier für den "Besonderen Namen"; dieser Name, so Gikatilla im Ginnat Egoz, sei wie Gott nicht entstanden:

Meist wird er jedoch ha-Shem ha-mejûchad "der spezielle Name" genannt, "weil er allein und speziell für den Gott Israels gilt" und, wie es in Sha`arê 'orah heißt, "speziell für Israel allein vorgesehen ist und die anderen Nationen daran keinen Anteil haben".

Rezeption außerhalb des Judentums

Antijudaismus

Das antijudaistische Motiv der Judensau geht oftmals mit der Schmähung der Bezeichnung Schemhamphorasch einher, und Martin Luther gab einer 1543 veröffentlichten Schmähschrift gegen die Juden den Titel Vom Schem Hamphoras und vom Geschlecht Christi.

Satanismus und Metal
Im Satanismus und der Metal-Subkultur findet diese Bezeichnung Gottes ebenfalls Verwendung. Die Aufnahme The Satanic Mass von Anton Szandor LaVey, 1968 auf der gleichnamigen LP veröffentlicht, enthält mehrere Passagen, in denen LaVey den Namen ausspricht und dies von anderen Beteiligten der Messe wiederholt wird, gefolgt vom Ausruf "Hail Satan!" nach demselben Schema (der jedoch im Gegensatz zum Shemhamforash in der letzten dieser Passage jeweils dreimal im Wechsel ausgesprochen wird). Das daran stark angelehnte Ritual Rites of Spring wird ebenso verfahren wie bei der letzten dieser Passagen in LaVeys Messe. Meldungen der von LaVey gegründeten Church of Satan enden gelegentlich mit den Worten: "Shemhamforash! Hail Satan!", in der französischen Version mit: "Shemhamforash! Salut à Satan!". Der Artikel Encouraging Magical Concepts hingegen enthalten nur Shemhamforash ohne den Ausruf "Hail Satan!". Die finnische Band Impaled Nazarene gab ihrer ersten Demoaufnahme den Titel Shemhamforash (1991), Grand Belial's Key aus den Vereinigten Staaten veröffentlichte ein Lied dieses Namens auf der ersten Demoaufnahme Goat of a Thousand Young (1992) und dem Debütalbum Mocking the Philanthropist (1997); die schweizerische Band Amon nannte ihr einziges Album (1995) Shemhamforash, die deutsche Band Aeba gab ihrem vierten Album den Titel Shemhamforash – Des Hasses Antlitz (2004). Die polnische Black-/Death-Metal-Band Behemoth veröffentlichte auf dem Album Evangelion (2009) einen Titel namens Shemhamforash, welcher viele Gewalttaten Gottes auflistet und im letzten Vers lediglich mit "Shemhamforash" endet.

Film und Fernsehen
 Catweazle benutzte eine abgewandelte Form: Der Ausruf "Schampampurasch!" stand oft am Ende seiner Zaubersprüche.
 In dem Film Ready or Not – Auf die Plätze, fertig, tot wird als Abschlussformel und Beginn des satanischen Rituals "Schemhamforasch! Heil Satan!" zitiert.

Nachweise

Gottesname
Satanismus
Kabbala

Ha-Schem Ha-Mephorasch


Der Dom zu Hamar (norwegisch: Hamar Domkirke) ist die Bischofskirche des evangelisch-lutherischen Bistums Hamar, das die Provinz Innlandet  umfasst. Im Ort befand sich bereits früher eine Kathedrale, die jedoch im Dreikronenkrieg von den Schweden zerstört wurde; die Domruine von Hamar wird heute von einem Glasgehäuse geschützt.

Geschichte
Mit Verleihung des Stadtrechts 1849 wurde auch der Bau beschlossen, welcher bereits zwei Jahre später zur Kathedrale erhoben wurde. Das Bistum Hamar wurde allerdings erst 1864 vollständig vom Bistum Oslo getrennt. Architekt der Kirche war der deutsche Heinrich Ernst Schirmer. Die im neoromanischen Stil errichtete und 1866 geweihte Kirche hat sich seit Abschluss der Bauarbeiten optisch nahezu unverändert erhalten. Jedoch gab es während der 1920er im Innenraum einige Änderungen. Ab 1950 wurde der Innenraum unter Arnstein Arneberg renoviert und wieder in den schlichteren Vorgängerzustand versetzt. Von der alten Ausstattung blieben nur die Orgelempore, das Taufbecken und zwei silberne Kerzenhalter übrig. In der 1954 wieder geweihten Kirche finden etwa 500 Personen Platz, was sie zu den kleinsten Kathedralen Skandinaviens gehören lässt.

Architektur und Ausstattung
Das Mittelschiff erhebt sich über die beiden Seitenschiffe und ist daher dem Basilika-Typus zuzurechnen. Im Gegensatz zu der recht nüchternen Kirche ist das Hauptportal recht aufwendig verziert.

Ungewöhnlichstes Ausstattungsstück ist der Hauptaltar bzw. das Altarbild, das den auferstandenen Jesus ohne Bart, aber dafür mit kurzen Haaren zeigt und erst während der Restaurierung der 50er Jahre von Henrik Sørensen geschaffen wurde.

Die Deckenmalereien stammen von Arve Hagen und zeigen den Heiligen Geist sowie musizierende Engel. Die Kanzelschnitzereien fertigte Anthon Røvik, welche auch ein Bildnis des Franz von Assisi zeigt. Die Fenster sind mit Gemälden verziert, die wohl von mittelalterlichen Wandteppichen inspiriert sind.

Die erste Orgel von 1880 des norwegischen Orgelbauers August Nilsen wurde 1925 durch ein Instrument der Firma Olsen & Jørgensen mit 31 Registern, verteilt auf zwei Manuale und Pedal, ersetzt. Diese wurde 1966 auf 35 Register erweitert. Die aktuelle Orgel wurde 2022/23 von der Manufaktur Weimbs Orgelbau aus Hellenthal (Nordrhein-Westfalen) in das Gehäuse von 1925 eingebaut und am 5. Februar 2023 eingeweiht. Sie verfügt über 45 Register auf drei Manualen und Pedal.

Die beiden Glocken wurden 1866 und 1901 gegossen.

Weblinks

 snl.no (norwegisch)
 arkitekturhistorie.no (norwegisch)
 4 (norwegisch)

Nachweise

Hamar
Kathedrale in Norwegen
Kirchengebäude in Innlandet
Kirchengebäude der Norwegischen Kirche
Neuromanisches Kirchengebäude
Erbaut in den 1860er Jahren
Bauwerk des Historismus in Norwegen
Kulturdenkmal (Innlandet)

Hamar Domkirke


La Plaza San Miguel (Piazza San Michele en italiano) es una plaza cuadrangular que se encuentra en la ciudad de Lucca, Toscana, Italia central. Hoy en día es el principal punto de encuentro de dicha ciudad. También es conocida como la Plaza de las cadenas debido a las columnas cuadradas de mármol que se hallan unidas entre sí por medio de las pesadas cadenas.

Historia

La plaza se encuentra donde se hallaba antiguamente el Foro romano de la ciudad, y es tangente a la decumanus, que consiste en el eje Este-Oeste de la Vía San Paolino, Via Roma y Via Santa Croce y no muy lejos del Cardus Maximus, o eje norte-sur y la Vía Fillungo Cenami.

En esta plaza se levantó el Civitatis Palatium, el Palacio Público, construido justo al lado de la iglesia que luego fue trasladado a la fortaleza Augusta, que también fue demolida en 1370.

La plaza está rodeada por edificios antiguos representativos de la arquitectura medieval. También hay impresionantes palacios como el Palacio Gigli, construido en 1529 como casa medieval y el Palacio Pretorio (o Palazzo del Podestà) construido en 1492. Se encuentra ubicado en la esquina de Via Vittorio Veneto y se aloja en su casa una estatua de bronce de Mateo Civitali. Esta zona suele ser a menudo el lugar de las manifestaciones y las reuniones artísticas y gastronómicas.

La Plaza San Miguel cuando fue construido el Palacio Pretorio en el  estaba pavimentada con ladrillos en un patrón de espina de pescado. Más tarde, en el , la plaza fue pavimentada nuevamente con bloques de piedra gris y rodeado de columnas con cadenas, tal como es conocida hoy en día.

Otros datos

Al norte de la plaza se encuentra la magnífica iglesia románica de San Miguel en Foro, con la fachada de piedra caliza blanca.

En 1863 en honor de Francisco Burlamacchi se colocó en el centro de la plaza una estatua hecha por el escultor Ulisse Cambi.

En esta plaza en el mes de septiembre y en Navidad en diciembre se celebra una feria de artesanos con cerca de un centenar de puestos, extendiéndose hasta la Plaza de San Giusto.

Galería de imágenes

Plaza de San Miguel
Arquitectura de Toscana

Plaza de San Miguel (Lucca)


est une catcheuse japonaise née le  à Amami, Kagoshima, Japon. Elle travaille à la  (). Depuis ses débuts le 12 septembre 2018, elle a remporté à 2 reprises le championnat  : 1 fois avec  et 1 fois avec . Elle est aussi une ancienne championne  : avec  et , ,  et . Elle a également remporté le .

Jeunesse
Utami Hayashishita est la troisième fille d'une famille de 12. De 2006 à 2013, elle apparait dans une émission de télé-réalité appelée Tsûkai! Big Daddy qui met à l'honneur sa famille nombreuse. Son intérêt pour le catch se manifeste pendant sa troisième année de lycée en voyant la performance de  lors du show de son retour au Japon auquel elle assiste avec sa famille. Elle trouve l'ambiance et l'atmosphère tellement incroyables qu'elle décide qu'elle veut devenir catcheuse.

Carrière de catcheuse

World Wonder Ring Stardom (2018–présent)
Hayashishita commence son entraînement au Stardom Dojo en mars 2018. Elle réussit son test d'aptitude professionnel le 5 juillet et fait ses débuts sur les rings le 12 août 2018 au Korakuen Hall contre Jungle Kyona dans un match nul qui se termine lorsque la limite de temps de  est atteinte. Elle participe ensuite à son premier tournoi 5STAR Grand Prix et atteint même la finale où elle perd, le 24 septembre, contre Mayu Iwatani. Durant l'automne 2018, elle fait équipe avec  et remporte la Goddess of Stardom Tag League le 4 novembre en battant l'équipe de  et Chardonnay en finale. Cette victoire leur permet de défier les championnes en titre (Natsuko Tora et Jungle Kyona) le 23 novembre 2018 et de remporter le championnat . Hayashishita intègre ainsi la faction Queen's Quest. Le 13 décembre 2018, elle est élue Rookie de l'année 2018 par le magazine Tokyo Sports.

Le 3 janvier 2019, elle affronte  pour le Future of Stardom Championship et devient la deuxième championne. Le 5 janvier, elle remporte en compagnie de Viper et Bea Priestley, un tournoi de catch à 3 sur une nuit composé de , le Trios Tag Team Tournament. Durant le show du  anniversaire de Stardom du 14 janvier 2019, elle remporte 2 nouvelles ceintures ( et ) en battant Viper. Seulement  après le début de sa carrière, elle détient ainsi 4 championnats. Elle défend par la suite ses titres à plusieurs reprises et tente même d'en gagner un cinquième lorsqu'elle affronte sa partenaire Momo Watanabe le 4 avril lors du Stardom American Dream in the Big Apple pour le Wonder of Stardom Championship qu'elle ne parvient pas à remporter.

Une blessure à la main l'éloigne des rings d'avril à juin 2019. À son retour, elle défend à 2 reprises le championnat Goddess of Stardom (ce qui porte le total à 6 défenses). Le 30 juin 2019, elle perd le championnat Pro-Wrestling: EVE International Championship lors du EVE Wrestle Queendom 2 à Londres au profit de Jamie Hayter dans un match où figurait également . Le championnat Goddess of Stardom lui échappera également le 15 juillet 2019 après une défaite contre Jungle Kyona & Konami (membres de la Tokyo Cyber Squad). Le 10 août 2019, une autre membre de la faction Queen's Quest, Bea Priestley, la défie dans un match pour la ceinture la plus prestigieuse de la Stardom, le championnat  mais Hayashishita ne parvient pas à se défaire de la championne en titre.

Annoncée comme la grande favorite pour remporter le 5STAR Grand Prix 2019, elle est contrainte de se retirer du tournoi le 7 septembre à cause d'une blessure au doigt qui la tiendra éloignée des rings durant . Quelques jours après son retour, le 23 novembre, accompagnée de Momo Watanabe et , elles remportent le championnat  en battant la faction Oedo Tai (Andras Miyagi,  et Natsu Sumire). Lors du show du  anniversaire, le 19 janvier 2020, Hayashishita affronte  pour le championnat  mais ne remporte pas le combat. La semaine suivante, le 26 janvier, Jamie Hayter lui arrache à nouveau un titre en remportant le championnat  à Osaka après  de règne. Le 8 février, c'est au tour du championnat Artist of Stardom de changer de main, puisque Hayashishita, AZM & Momo Watanabe perdent le titre contre la faction Donna Del Mondo composée de Giulia, Maika et . Hayashishita défend une dernière fois le championnat Future of Stardom contre  le 16 février 2020 avant de le rendre vacant après  de règne afin de se concentrer sur la quête des ceintures principales.

Après une tentative infructueuse de regagner le championnat Goddess of Stardom avec Momo Watanabe le 8 mars, c'est en compagnie de Saya Kamitani qu'elles remportent, le 26 juillet, le titre laissé vacant, en battant celles qui l'avaient battu un an auparavant, Jungle Kyona et Konami. Le 19 septembre, elle remporte le 5STAR Grand Prix 2020 en battant Himeka en finale. Cette victoire lui permet de challenger la détentrice du championnat World of Stardom, Mayu Iwatani. Le match a lieu le 15 novembre 2020 et voit Hayashishita devenir la  championne. Sa première défense a lieu le 20 décembre contre sa partenaire de Queen's Quest, Momo Watanabe, et voit Hayashishita conserver son titre. Le 27 décembre 2020, elle perd le championnat Goddess of Stardom  au profit de Konami & Bea Priestley.

Après des défenses réussies contre Maika, Saya Kamitani et Bea Priestley (pour son dernier match chez Stardom), Hayashishita affronte Syuri le 12 juin 2021. Le match se termine lorsque la limite de temps de  est atteinte mais les 2 combattantes souhaitant continuer, le match est relancé et se termine  plus tard par un double KO, Hayashishita conservant ainsi son titre. Ce match est le premier match féminin à dépasser les 5 étoiles (5.5) dans la très populaire Wrestling Observer Newsletter de Dave Meltzer. Après une défense contre Natsuko Tora (à la suite d'un arrêt de l'arbitre à cause d'une blessure), elle ne parvient pas à sortir de la phase de poules du 5STAR Grand Prix 2021. Elle réussit à nouveau 3 défenses de titre face à Takumi Iroha, Hazuki et Maika avant de s'incliner le 29 décembre contre Syuri lors du Stardom Dream Queendom après  de règne lors d'un match où le championnat SWA World était également en jeu. Après le départ de Momo Watanabe de Queen's Quest vers Oedo Tai, Hayashishita devient leader de Queen's Quest.

Hayashishita participe au premier match d'une nouvelle venue au sein de Stardom et qui rejoindra la faction Queen's Quest, Miyu Amasaki, le 11 mars 2022. Le 13 mars, en compagnie de Lady C et Saya Kamitani, elles perdent contre Donna Del Mondo (Himeka, Maika & Natsupoi) lorsqu'elles tentent d'obtenir le championnat Artist of Stardom. La tentative d'Hayashishita de remporter pour la première fois le championnat Wonder of Stardom s'avère également infructueuse puisqu'elle perd le 26 mars 2022 contre sa partenaire au sein de Queen's Quest, Saya Kamitani.

Palmarès
  ()
 1 fois championne  avec  et
 2 fois championne  avec  (1 fois) puis avec  (1 fois)
 1 fois
 1 fois championne
 1 fois championne
 Tournoi  2019
 Tournoi  2018
 2020

 1 fois

Récompenses des magazines

 MVP féminin 2021

 Rookie de l'année 2018
 Prix féminin 2021

Notes et références

Références

Liens externes

Catcheuse japonaise
Naissance en septembre 1998
Championne World of Stardom
Catcheuse de la World Wonder Ring Stardom
Championne Goddess of Stardom
Championne Artist of Stardom
Championne Future of Stardom
Championne du monde SWA

Utami Hayashishita


Verrucomicrobiota is a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria that contains only a few described species. The species identified have been isolated from fresh water, marine and soil environments and human faeces. A number of as-yet uncultivated species have been identified in association with eukaryotic hosts including extrusive explosive ectosymbionts of protists and endosymbionts of nematodes residing in their gametes.

Verrucomicrobiota are abundant within the environment, though relatively inactive. This phylum is considered to have two sister phyla: Chlamydiota (formerly Chlamydiae) and Lentisphaerota (formerly Lentisphaerae) within the PVC superphylum. The Verrucomicrobiota phylum can be distinguished from neighbouring phyla within the PVC group by the presence of several conserved signature indels (CSIs). These CSIs represent unique, synapomorphic characteristics that suggest common ancestry within Verrucomicrobiota and an independent lineage amidst other bacteria. CSIs have also been found that are shared by Verrucomicrobiota and Chlamydiota exclusively of all other bacteria. These CSIs provide evidence that Chlamydiota is the closest relative to Verrucomicrobiota, and that they are more closely related to one another than to the Planctomycetales.

Verrucomicrobiota might belong in the clade Planctobacteria in the larger clade Gracilicutes.

In 2008, the whole genome of Methylacidiphilum infernorum (2.3 Mbp) was published. On the single circular chromosome, 2473 predicted proteins were found, 731 of which had no detectable homologs. These analyses also revealed many possible homologies with Pseudomonadota.

Phylogeny

Taxonomy
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)

 Genus ?"Ca. Epixenosoma" Bauer et al. 2005
 Genus ?"Ca. Nucleicoccus" corrig. Sato et al. 2014
 Genus ?"Ca. Organicella" Williams et al. 2021
 Genus ?"Ca. Rhizospheria" Nunes da Rocha 2010
 Class Opitutae Choo et al. 2007
 Order Opitutales Choo et al. 2007
 Family "Cerasicoccaceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [KCTC-12870]
 Genus Ruficoccus Lin et al. 2017
 Genus Cerasicoccus Yoon et al. 2007
 Family "Coraliomargaritaceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [DSM-45221]
 Genus "Lentimonas" Choo & Cho 2006
 Genus Coraliomargarita Yoon et al. 2007
 Family "Merdousiaceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [CAG-312]
 Genus "Ca. Merdousia" Gilroy et al. 2021
 Family "Moanibacteraceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA2987]
 Genus "Ca. Moanibacter" corrig. Vosseberg, Martijn & Ettema 2018
 Family Opitutaceae Choo et al. 2007
 Genus Alterococcus Shieh and Jean 1999
 Genus Cephaloticoccus Lin et al. 2016
 Genus "Ca. Didemniditutus" corrig. Lopera et al. 2017
 Genus Ereboglobus Tegtmeier et al. 2018
 Genus "Geminisphaera" Wertz et al. 2018
 Genus "Lacunisphaera" Rast et al. 2017
 Genus Nibricoccus Baek et al. 2019
 Genus Oleiharenicola Rochman et al. 2018
 Genus Opitutus Chin et al. 2001
 Genus Pelagicoccus Yoon et al. 2007
 Genus Rariglobus Pitt et al. 2020
 Genus "Ca. Synoicihabitans" Murray et al. 2021
 Family Puniceicoccaceae Choo et al. 2007
 Genus "Ca. Fucivorax" Orellana et al. 2022
 Genus "Ca. Marcellius" Nixon et al. 2019
 Genus "Ca. Pelagisphaera" Bar-Shalom et al. 2023
 Genus "Ca. Pinguicoccus" Serra et al. 2020
 Genus Puniceicoccus Choo et al. 2007
 Family "Spyradosomataceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA953]
 Genus "Ca. Spyradosoma" Gilroy et al. 2021
 Family Verruco-01
 Genus Oceanipulchritudo Feng et al. 2020
 Class "Methylacidiphilae"
 Order "Methylacidiphilales" Op den Camp 2009 ["Limisphaerales" Podosokorskaya et al. 2022]
 Family "Methylacidiphilaceae" Op den Camp 2009
 Genus "Methylacidimicrobium" van Teeseling et al. 2014
 Genus "Ca. Methylacidiphilum" Hou et al. 2008
 Genus "Ca. Methylacidithermus" Picone et al. 2021
 Family "Limisphaeraceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [NGM72-4]
 Genus Limisphaera Anders et al. 2015
 Family "Pedosphaeraceae"
 Genus "Pedosphaera" Ozyurt 2008
 Class Terrimicrobia García-López et al. 2020
 Order Terrimicrobiales García-López et al. 2020 ["Chthoniobacterales" Sangwan et al. 2004]
 Family "Chthoniobacteraceae" Sangwan et al. 2004
 Genus "Chthoniobacter" Sangwan et al. 2004
 Family Terrimicrobiaceae García-López et al. 2020
 Genus Terrimicrobium Qiu et al. 2014
 Family "Udaeobacteraceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA10450]
 Genus "Ca. Udaeobacter" Brewer et al. 2016
 Family "Xiphinematobacteraceae"
 Genus "Ca. Xiphinematobacter" Vandekerckhove et al. 2000
 Class Verrucomicrobiae Hedlund et al. 1998
 Order Verrucomicrobiales Ward-Rainey et al. 1996
 Family Akkermansiaceae Hedlund & Derrien 2012
 Genus Akkermansia Derrien et al. 2004
 Genus Haloferula Yoon et al. 2008
 Genus Luteolibacter Yoon et al. 2008
 Genus "Ca. Mariakkermansia" Orellana et al. 2022
 Genus Oceaniferula Jin et al. 2022
 Genus Persicirhabdus Yoon et al. 2008
 Genus Roseibacillus Yoon et al. 2008
 Genus Rubritalea Scheuermayer et al. 2006
 Family SLCJ01
 Genus "Sulfuriroseicoccus" Feng et al. 2022
 Family Verrucomicrobiaceae Ward-Rainey et al. 1996
 Genus "Fucophilus" Sakai et al. 2001b
 Genus Brevifollis Otsuka et al. 2013
 Genus Phragmitibacter Szuróczki et al. 2021
 Genus Prosthecobacter Staley et al. 1976 ex Staley et al. 1980
 Genus Roseimicrobium Otsuka et al. 2013
 Genus Verrucomicrobium Schlesner 1988

See also
 List of bacterial orders
 List of bacteria genera

References

Bacteria phyla

Verrucomicrobiota


Franz Antel (28 June 1913 – 11 August 2007)  was a veteran Austrian filmmaker.

Born in Vienna, Antel worked mainly as a film producer in the interwar years. After World War II, he began writing and directing films on a large scale. In the late 1940s, 1950s and 1960s these were mainly comedies (romantic, slapstick, and/or musical) and K.u.k. films all of which, for Austrian and German TV stations alike, have been a staple of weekend afternoon programming ever since. In between there is quite a sober film about the Oberst (Colonel) Redl affair that shook the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy on the eve of World War I. Antel himself later commented on this period, "I always wanted to provide good entertainment for the people at the cinema. After the screening, people should say: Well now, I am in a good mood, I will go out and have a glass of wine." (German original: "Ich wollte die Leute im Kino immer gut unterhalten. Die Besucher sollten nach der Filmvorführung sagen: So, jetzt bin ich gut aufgelegt, jetzt geh ich auf ein Viertel Wein.")

From the late 1960s, encouraged by the new opportunities in the film industry brought about by the sexual revolution, Antel gradually switched his main interest to soft porn and ribaldry. It was in particular his series of Frau Wirtin ("hostess") films, directed under the pseudonym François Legrand, with which he tried to win international recognition. Titles included The Sweet Sins of Sexy Susan (1967), Sexy Susan Sins Again (1968),  (1969) and Don't Tell Daddy (aka Naughty Nymphs in the U.S.A.) (1972).

Antel would recount an anecdote about himself describing how, in order to live up to his reputation as a womanizer, he used to carry a pair of high heels in his luggage which he then would occasionally place in the corridor in front of his hotel room – especially when he was travelling alone.

Among the best known actors Antel had worked with from the 1940s to the 1970s were Hans Moser, Paul Hörbiger, Oskar Werner, Curd Jürgens, Tony Curtis, Herbert Fux, Heinrich Schweiger, Arthur Kennedy, Carroll Baker, Edwige Fenech, George Hilton, Marisa Berenson, Britt Ekland, Andréa Ferréol.

1981 was a turning point in Antel's career when he adapted for the big screen a stage play by Ulrich Becher and Peter Preses. Set from the days of the Anschluss of 1938 until after the end of the war, Der Bockerer is about a Viennese butcher named Karl Bockerer (Karl Merkatz) whose common sense rather than intellect tells him to oppose the Nazis and who dares to show resistance just because he is never fully aware of the possible fateful consequences of his actions. While Bockerer and his wife survive the war unscathed, their son joins the SA but, after some internal intrigue, is sent to the front and killed. The film was entered into the 12th Moscow International Film Festival.

The film's strong anti-fascist message, the moving dialogue, and performances by the crème de la crème of Austrian actors and actresses (Ida Krottendorf, Alfred Böhm, Heinz Marecek, Hans Holt, Dolores Schmidinger and many more) made Der Bockerer an unusually successful film and gave new impetus to Antel's career. He made three sequels, which follow the lives of the Bockerers well into the 1960s, each depicting a crucial historical event in Austria or one of its neighbouring countries:

Der Bockerer II (1996) is about the ten-year occupation (1945-1955) of Austria by the allied powers;
Der Bockerer III — Die Brücke von Andau (2000) is set at the time of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution; and, finally,
Der Bockerer IV — Der Prager Frühling (2003) deals with the historical event of Alexander Dubček's Prague Spring in 1968.

Selected filmography
 My Daughter Lives in Vienna (1940)
 The Singing House (1948)
 No Sin on the Alpine Pastures (1950)
 The Mine Foreman (1952)
 Ideal Woman Sought (1952)
 Hello Porter (1952)
 The Emperor Waltz (1953)
  (1953)
 The Sweetest Fruits (1954)
 The Red Prince (1954)
 Roses from the South (1954)
 The Congress Dances (1955)
 Marriage Sanitarium (1955)
 Espionage (1955)
 Emperor's Ball (1956)
 Love, Girls and Soldiers (1958)
  (1959)
  (1962)
  (1964)
  (1964)
 Call of the Forest (1965)
  (1967)
 The Sweet Sins of Sexy Susan (1967)
  (1968)
 Sexy Susan Sins Again (1968)
 Why Did I Ever Say Yes Twice? (1969)
  (1969)
 House of Pleasure (1969)
 My Father, the Ape and I (1971)
  (1972)
 Blue Blooms the Gentian (1973)
  (1975)
  (1976)
 Casanova & Co. (1977)
 Love Hotel in Tyrol (1978)
 Der Bockerer (1981)
  (1987)
  (1996)
  (2000)
  (2003)

Further reading
Franz Antel, Christian F. Winkler: Hollywood an der Donau. Geschichte der Wien-Film in Sievering. Vienna, 1991 ()

Autobiographies
 Franz Antel (with Peter Orthofer): Verdreht, verliebt, mein Leben, Vienna, Munich 2001 ()
 Franz Antel (with Ingrid Pachmann and Peter Orthofer): "Servus Franz, grüß dich!" Anekdoten aus 75 Jahren Filmschaffen von Franz Antel. Der Antel in Bildern und Anekdoten, Vienna 2006 ()
 Franz Antel (with Bernd Buttinger): Franz Antel. Ein Leben für den Film, Mariahof 2006 (, )

References

External links

1913 births
2007 deaths
Austrian film producers
Austrian film directors
Austrian male screenwriters
Film people from Vienna
Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery
20th-century Austrian screenwriters
20th-century Austrian male writers
Film directors from Vienna

Franz Antel


Der Armenische Eishockeyverband ist der nationale Eishockeyverband Armeniens.

Geschichte
Der Verband wurde am 22. September 1999 in die Internationale Eishockey-Föderation aufgenommen. Der Verband gehört zu den assoziierten Mitgliedern der IIHF und hat daher in deren Vollversammlung kein Stimmrecht. Aktueller Präsident ist Hayk Jaghatspanyan.

Der Verband kümmert sich überwiegend um die Durchführung der Spiele der armenischen Eishockeynationalmannschaft. Zudem organisiert der Verband den Spielbetrieb auf Vereinsebene, unter anderem in der armenischen Eishockeyliga.

Weblinks
 Armenien auf der Webseite der IIHF (englisch)

Eishockeyverband
Eishockey (Armenien)
Sportverband (Armenien)
Nationaler Sportverband

Armenischer Eishockeyverband


Mente Zen, Mente de Principiante es un libro  producido por Shunryu Suzuki en sus últimos años de vida y publicado en 1970 por Weatherhill.

Se trata de una compilación de charlas dadas en el centro Zen de Los Altos (California). El libro pretende ser un clásico espiritual, ayudando a los lectores a encontrar claridad lejos de la trampa de las explicaciones.

Estas transcripciones sobre las charlas de Suzuki son francas y directas, hechas sobre la base de grabaciones de su alumna Marian Derby. Trudy Dixon y Richard Baker (más tarde sucesor de Suzuki) editaron las charlas eligiendo las más relevantes y ordenándolas en capítulos.

El libro también existe en un audio de 180 minutos (en inglés), leído por Peter Coyote y originalmente grabado en casetes por Audio Literature en marzo de 1992.

Notas

Referencias

Libros sobre Zen

Mente Zen, Mente de Principiante


Pinus × rhaetica er furublendingur sem vex í Evrópu þar sem móðurtegundirnar skógarfura og fjallafura vaxa í nágrenni við hvor aðra. Útlit er breytilegt og er á milli móðurtegundanna.

Tilvísanir

Furur
Barrtré

Pinus × rhaetica


Restoration Day, more commonly known as Oak Apple Day or Royal Oak Day, was an English, Welsh and Irish public holiday, observed annually on 29 May, to commemorate the restoration of the Stuart monarchy in May 1660. In some parts of England the day is still celebrated. It has also been known as Shick Shack Day, or Oak and Nettle Day.

In 1660, the English Parliament passed into law "An Act for a Perpetual Anniversary Thanksgiving on the Nine and Twentieth Day of May" (12 Cha. 2. c. 14), declaring 29 May a public holiday "for keeping of a perpetual Anniversary, for a Day of Thanksgiving to God, for the great Blessing and Mercy he hath been graciously pleased to vouchsafe to the People of these Kingdoms, after their manifold and grievous Sufferings, in the Restoration of his Majesty..." Charles, returning from exile, entered London on 29 May 1660, his 30th birthday.

The public holiday was abolished under the Anniversary Days Observance Act 1859, but the date retains some significance in local and institutional customs. It is, for example, still observed as Founder's Day by the Royal Hospital Chelsea, which was founded by Charles II in 1681.

In Ireland, Oak Apple Day was made a public holiday under the Act of Settlement 1662.

Ceremonies
Traditional celebrations to commemorate the event often entailed the wearing of oak apples (a type of plant gall, possibly known in some parts of the country as a "shick-shack") or sprigs of oak leaves, in reference to the occasion after the Battle of Worcester in September 1651, when Charles II escaped the Roundhead army by hiding in an oak tree near Boscobel House. Anyone who failed to wear a sprig of oak risked being pelted with bird's eggs or thrashed with nettles. In Sussex, those not wearing oak were liable to be pinched, giving rise to the unofficial name of "Pinch-bum Day"; similarly it was known as "Bumping Day" in Essex.

In Upton Grey, Hampshire, after the church bells had been rung at 6 am the bell-ringers used to place a large branch of oak over the church porch, and another over the lychgate. Smaller branches were positioned in the gateway of every house to ensure good luck for the rest of the year.

Modern events
Events still take place at Upton-upon-Severn in Worcestershire, Marsh Gibbon in Buckinghamshire, Great Wishford in Wiltshire (when villagers gather wood in Grovely Wood), Aston-on-Clun in Shropshire and Membury in Devon. The day has been marked in the past by re-enactment activities at Moseley Old Hall, West Midlands, one of the houses where Charles II hid in 1651.

At Fownhope in Herefordshire the Heart of Oak Society organise an annual event, where members of the society gather at the local pub and march through the village holding flower and oak leaf decorated sticks, whilst following the society banner and a brass band. The march goes first to the church for a service, and then to houses who host refreshments. The Heart of Oak Society was previously a friendly society, but had to reform in 1989 to keep the tradition going. Although Oak Apple Day celebrations have decreased in popularity and knowledge, Fownhope has managed to keep the event going, increasing in popularity and turn-out every year.

At All Saints' Church, Northampton, a statue of Charles II is garlanded with oak leaves at noon every Oak Apple Day, followed by a celebration of the Holy Communion according to the Book of Common Prayer.

Oak Apple Day is also celebrated in the Cornish village of St Neot. The vicar leads a procession through the village, he is followed by the Tower Captain holding the Oak bough. A large number of the villagers follow walking to the Church. A story of the history of the event is told and then the vicar blesses the branch. The Tower Captain throws the old branch down from the top of the tower and a new one is hauled to the top. Everyone is then invited to the vicarage gardens for refreshments and a barbecue. Up to 12 noon villagers wear a sprig of "red" (new) oak and in the afternoon wear a sprig of "Boys Love" (Artemisia abrotanum); tradition dictates that the punishment for not doing this results in being stung by nettles.

In 2021, Oak Apple Day was celebrated at Eton Wick within sight of Charles II's former home of Windsor Castle.

See also
Push penny
Saint George's Day in England

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links
English culture: Oak Apple Day
Customs at Great Wishford
Chelsea Hospital Oak Apple Day, British Pathé report, 1947.

English traditions
English folklore
Festivals in England
May observances
Apple festivals

Oak Apple Day


Everything You See er det trettende album fra den skotske keltiske rockband Runrig. Det blev udgivet i Storbritannien d. 14. maj 2007 via Ridge Records. Alle sangen blev skrevet af bandmedlemmerne Calum og Rory Macdonald, bortset fra "Sona" og "And the Accordions Played", der blev skrevet i samarbejde med henholdsvis Malcolm Jones og Brian Hurren. Som med alle andre af gruppens album, er flere af sangene skrevet og udført på skotsk gælisk, der understreger bandets afstamning.

I sommeren 2007 tog Runrig på deres Everything You See tour, for at promovere det nye album. Turneens hovedfokus var Danmark (nummeret "In Scandinavia" mindes det gamle link mellem Danmark og Skotland via vikingerne), Tyskland og England, og i første omgang kun med en enkelt koncert i Skotland (i Drumnadrochit ved Loch Ness). Turneen blev senere forlænget, og der kom adskillige ekstra koncerter i Skotland. Loch Ness-koncerten havde titlen Beat the Drum efter omkvædet på sangen "Pride of the Summer". Den blev optaget og udgivet på både DVD og CD som Year of the Flood i 2008.

Spor
 "Year of the Flood" - 4:10
 "Road Trip" - 4:24
 "Clash of the Ash" - 3:16
 "The Ocean Road" - 6:32
 "Atoms" - 4:51
 "An Dealachadh" (The Parting) - 3:08
 "This Day" - 4:22
 "Sona" (Joyful) - 4:55
 "Something's Got to Give" - 3:21
 "And the Accordions Played" - 4:58
 "In Scandinavia" - 4:54

Personel
Iain Bayne: Trommer, percussion
Bruce Guthro: Forsanger
Brian Hurren: keyboards, vokal
Malcolm Jones: guitar, harmonika, vokals, pipes
Calum Macdonald: percussion, vokal
Rory Macdonald: vokal, basguitar

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Runrig - Everything You See  på Discogs

Runrig-album
Album fra 2007

Everything You See


NGC 5956 est une galaxie spirale barrée située dans la constellation du Serpent. Sa vitesse par rapport au fond diffus cosmologique est de , ce qui correspond à une distance de Hubble de . NGC 5956 a été découverte par l'astronome prussien Heinrich Louis d'Arrest en 1865.

La barre centrale est nettement visible sur l'image obtenue des données du relevé SDSS, aussi la classification de spirale barrée préconisée par la base de données HyperLeda semble mieux décrire cette galaxie.

La classe de luminosité de NGC 5956 est III-IV et elle présente une large raie HI. Elle renferme également des régions d'hydrogène ionisé. Selon la base de données Simbad, NGC 5956 est une galaxie LINER, c'est-à-dire une galaxie dont le noyau présente un spectre d'émission caractérisé par de larges raies d'atomes faiblement ionisés.

Groupe de NGC 5970
Selon A. M. Garcia, NGC 5956 fait partie du groupe de NGC 5970. Ce groupe de galaxies compte au moins quatre membres. Les autres galaxies du groupe sont NGC 5957, NGC 5970 et UGC 9941.

Abraham Mahtessian mentionne aussi ce groupe de galaxies, mais il n'y figure que trois membres, la galaxie UGC 9941 n'en faisant pas partie.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des objets du New General Catalogue

Liens externes

 NGC 5956 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman

5956
Constellation du Serpent
Galaxie spirale
Galaxie spirale barrée
Galaxie LINER
Objet céleste découvert en 1865
Objet céleste découvert par Heinrich Louis d'Arrest

NGC 5956


Borago longifolia, jedna od pet priznatih vrsta iz roda Oštrolista (Borago), porodica Boraginaceae. Raste u Tunisu i Alžiru. Opisao ju je 1789. godine francuski svećenik, botaničar i istraživač Jean Louis Marie Poiret.

Izvori

Oštrolist

Borago longifolia