The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) is the fisheries policy of the European Union (EU). It sets quotas for which member states are allowed to catch each type of fish, as well as encouraging the fishing industry by various market interventions. In 2004 it had a budget of €931 million, approximately 0.75% of the EU budget.

When it came into force in 2009, the Treaty of Lisbon formally enshrined fisheries conservation policy as one of the handful of "exclusive competences" reserved for the European Union, to be decided by Qualified Majority Voting. However, general fisheries policy remains a "shared competence" of the Union and its member states. Decisions are now made by the Council of the European Union, and the European Parliament acting together under the co-decision procedure.

The Common Fisheries Policy was created to manage fish stock for the European Union as a whole. Article 38 of the 1957 Treaty of Rome, which created the European Communities (now European Union), stated that the common market shall extend to agriculture and trade in agricultural products. Agricultural products in the treaty meaning the products of the soil, of stock-farming and of fisheries and products of first-stage processing directly related to these products. It did not make any other specific mention of fisheries or common fishing areas.

Importance of fishing in Europe
Fishing is a relatively minor economic activity within the EU. It contributes generally less than 1 per cent to gross national product. In 2007 the fisheries sector employed 141,110 fishermen. In 2007, 6.4 million tonnes of fish were caught by EU countries. The EU fleet has 97,000 vessels of varying sizes. Fish farming produced a further 1 million tonnes of fish and shellfish and employed another 85,000 people. The shortfall between fish catches and demand varies, but there is an EU trade deficit in processed fish products of €3 billion.

Catching
The combined EU fishing fleets land about 6 million tonnes of fish per year, of which about 700,000 tonnes are from UK waters. The UK's share of the overall EU fishing catch in 2014 was 752,000 tonnes, the second largest catch of any country in the EU. This proportion is determined by the London Fisheries Convention of 1964 and by the EU's Common Fisheries Policy.

In Fraserburgh, Scotland, the fishing industry creates 40% of employment and a similar figure in Peterhead. They are the EU's largest fishing ports and home to the pelagic vessel fleet. It is often in areas where other employment opportunities are limited. For this reason, community funds have been made available to fishing as a means of encouraging regional development.

The market for fish and fish products has changed in recent years. Supermarkets are now the main buyers of fish and expect steady supplies. Fresh fish sales have fallen, but demand for processed fish and prepared meals has grown. Despite this, employment in fish processing has been falling, with 60% of fish consumed in the EU coming from elsewhere. This is partly due to improvements in the ability to transport fresh fish internationally.  Competitiveness of the EU fishing industry has been affected by overcapacity and shortages of fish to catch.

Aquaculture
Fish farming is the fastest growing area of world food production. In 1995 it produced one-third of the world's fish and shellfish by value. The main species in the EU are trout, salmon, mussels and oysters, but interest has been shown in sea bass, sea bream and turbot. Community support began in 1971 for inland fish farming, but was extended to other areas in the late 1970s. EU support covers similar areas to other land installations, but with additional concerns of technical and environmental problems caused by introducing major fish concentrations where farms are built. The industry suffers problems due to fluctuating demand for farmed fish.

Mechanisms of the CFP

The CFP currently has four components:
Regulation of production, quality, grading, packaging and labelling
Encouraging producer organisations intended to protect fishermen from sudden market changes
Setting minimum fish prices and financing buying up of unsold fish
Set rules for trade with non-EU countries

Fishing quotas and regulations

Adoption of rules at Union level
The CFP sets the total allowable catch (TAC) quotas for how much of each species can be caught in a certain ICES Statistical Area or groups of areas on a yearly or two-yearly basis. Each country is given a quota based upon the total available (Total Allowable Catch, TAC) and their traditional share (percentage). TACs are fixed annually by the Council of Ministers. They consider proposals drawn up by the European Commission, which consults its own scientific advisers (Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee of Fisheries, STECF). STECF generally provides its advice to the European Commission taking account of the work conducted by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and other regional fisheries advisory intergovernmental organisations. The proposals are subsequently submitted to the relevant regional fisheries management organisations for consultations with non-EU fishing nations, and adjusted when necessary. The quotas are ultimately approved as binding by the Council of the EU, with each of the EU member states made responsible for policing its own quota as well as distributing it among the fishermen, using a variety of systems.

Implementation at member state level
The Basic Regulation sets the common principles for the EU management, under which each Member State can use different management approaches as licences, limited entry or individual fishing quota. Catches and landings must be recorded. Regulations cover the kind of fishing gear that may be used. Areas may be closed from fishing to allow stocks to recover.

A minimum size for catch led to fishermen dumping dead fish that were too small to land legally, so a minimum mesh size was introduced, which let small fish escape to replenish stocks. Choice of mesh is complicated, because mature fish of different species are naturally different sizes and require different nets.

Producer organisations

There are now more than 160 producer organisations (PO) in the EU. These are voluntary organisations set up by fishermen or fish farmers to assist in selling their product. Their members must include a minimum percentage of vessels in that sector, not discriminate in terms of nationality or location of their members within the EU, and must comply with other EU regulations. Organisations are required to develop plans to adjust fish catches to market demand. They may require non-members fishing in the same areas to follow the same restrictions as members.

They are empowered to take produce out of the market if prices fall below levels set by the Council of Ministers and receive compensation from the EU. Levels of compensation are set such that price falls as the amount of fish involved increases. Fish stocks may be stored and later returned to the market, or sold for animal feed. Buying-up of stocks must only be to cover occasional surpluses.

Tuna fishermen have a scheme where surplus stock is not bought up, but fishermen receive direct compensation if their income falls.

Structural policy regarding fleet and onshore fishing industry
In 1977 an aid programme was introduced to improve the fish processing industries, currently operating as the European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund. This includes such things as fish filleting, salting, drying, smoking, cooking, freezing and canning.  It was intended to indirectly assist the catching industry.  There has been an attempt to introduce new technologies to the sector, improve hygiene conditions, and also fund conversions of fish processing factories to other uses.

Each country is given a target for the size of its fleet. Funding is available to assist modernisation of boats and installations, but also to buy-out fishermen to reduce the fleet size. Money is available for advertising campaigns to encourage consumption of fish species that are not over-fished, or are unfamiliar to the public. Also, grants are available to assist the industry in improving product quality and managing quotas.

CFP regionalisation and devolution attempts
Due to growing demands to make the Common Fisheries Policy more decentralised (see #The CFP governance vs. the principle of subsidiarity section below), two regional groups of member states have been established through respective memoranda of understanding, one named BALTFISH which has included all the EU member states with a Baltic coast, while the other one, known as the Scheveningen Group, has been its North Sea counterpart. They are tasked with preparing drafts of quotas and regulations and submitting them for consideration to the EU institutions. These groups lack, however, any decision-making or enforcement powers essential for a regional fisheries management organisation, thus neither of them has been treated as such. These powers have remained exclusively at the hands of the European Union institutions.

Funding instruments

Fishing was initially funded under the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF). In 1977 an aid programme to improve the fish processing industries was established by the EU as a part of the EAGGF. Subsequently, the fisheries guidance (or structural) funding was split-off from EAGGF to form the separate Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance (FIFG) in 1993, while the fish market interventions have remained a task of the EAGGF and its successor, the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF). From 1994 to 1999 the budget for FIFG totalled 700 million ECU. Any grant from FIFG had to be accompanied by a minimum contribution from the national government. A grant to business must include a proportionate contribution from the business itself. Different rates of aid were applied to different regions. Subsequently, FIFG was renamed European Fisheries Fund in 2007, later transformed into the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) in 2013, and ultimately into the current European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EMFAF) in 2021.

From 2007 to 2013, the Fund was allocated approximately 4.3 billion Euro to provide to the European fishing sector. The adoption of the EMFAF was not uncontested, in particular by environmental groups, as it includes the possibility to fund vessel modernisation and other measures, which might increase pressure on already overfished stocks.

Enforcement and compliance
 Enforcement is the responsibility of member states, but there is a community level inspection service to ensure that member states enforce the rules within their own country. Member states are also under an obligation to ensure that their vessels observe EU agreements when operating outside the EU. The regulations are also intended to harmonise penalties for breaking the regulations in different countries.

Enforcement involves managing quotas and implementing technical measures to preserve fish stocks. Inspectors may check fishing gear and inspect the register of fish caught. The type of fish caught is checked and compared to quotas of total permitted catch for a vessel. Checks may be made in port or at sea, and using aerial photography. Inspectors may also check fish processing factories to ensure that all fish is documented and can be traced to its source. EU inspectors check that hygiene and processing regulations in any country exporting to the EU are satisfactory and of an equal standard to controls within the EU.

Non-compliance remains a significant problem. In a number of EU fisheries, illegal fishing accounts for one-third to one-half of all catches.

Relations with third countries and intergovernmental organisations

The EU has become a party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as well as the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement. EU has an exclusive mandate to represent its member states in the regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs) other than the International Whaling Commission, except for the dependent territories of member states remaining outside of the EU, represented by the member states themselves, and has negotiated agreements to regain access to some of the fishing grounds in return for alternative trading rights. In contrast, the regional fisheries advisory bodies (RFABs) may be joined both by the EU and directly by its the members states.

External trade is now affected by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), regulated by the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Baltic Sea and the Danish straits
Prior to 2007, the International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission (IBFC) established by the Gdańsk Convention in 1973, was the general regional fisheries management organisation for the Baltic sea and the Danish Straits, to which the EU was party until 1 January 2006. Following accession of all Baltic coastal states except Russia to the EU, the Baltic Sea has become almost entirely covered by the EU EEZ, except for two small patches belonging to Russian EEZ. Because of that, the Gdańsk Convention was terminated and the IBFC was dissolved on 1 January 2007, while its tasks have been taken over directly by the EU CFP, though they have been exercised in cooperation with Russia, as arranged in the Agreement between the European Community and the Government of the Russian Federation on cooperation in fisheries and the conservation of the living marine resources in the Baltic Sea. Thus, no general regional fishery management organisation is currently responsible for the Baltic Sea, managed thereafter by the EU in line with a bilateral EU-Russia general regional fishery management arrangement instead. Nevertheless, the sea has still remained managed by a tuna RMFO (ICCAT) and two further specialised RFMOs dedicated to salmon (NASCO) and whaling (IWC).

North Sea, Irish Sea, Nordic Seas, Barents Sea, White Sea and remainder of North East Atlantic
EU has participated in the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission, the general regional fisheries management organisation for the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the Nordic Seas, the Barents Sea, the White Sea and the remainder of North East Atlantic, except for the Baltic Sea and the Danish Straits. In 1997 North Sea states and EU representatives agreed a joint approach to identifying risks to the marine environment. A precautionary approach was adopted to seek to prevent pollution before damage was caused to the environment. Studies are being undertaken to monitor stocks of all fish, not just commercially important species.

In February 2020, as soon as the Brexit occurred, Fisheries issue was raised, initially in Guernsey. After the first ban, a temporary "régime d'autorisation" has been set up to allow individual boats to fish in Guernsey. In May 2021, France threatened to cut off electricity to the British Channel Island of Jersey in a fight over post-Brexit fishing rights, as part of the 2021 Jersey dispute.

Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea
Most fishing in the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea has been confined to a 12-mile (22-km) strip considered territorial waters. The EU belongs to the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM), a general regional fisheries management organisation covering also the Black Sea.

Other (remote) general regional fisheries management organisations
The EU has also been a member of the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, the South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation, the Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement, the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation, and the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission,  some of them covering EU overseas territories.

Tuna and other specialised regional fisheries management organisations
The European Union has also been a member of:
 the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas making decisions also for the Mediterranean tuna. In 1994, conservation regulations were introduced banning certain fishing methods. In 1997 targets were set for tuna catches.
 the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission and the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, as their decisions are relevant to some of the EU overseas territories,
 the North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization, making  decisions also for the North Sea and the Baltic Sea salmon populations. The EU has been participating in almost all bodies of the organisation, except for the North American Commission.
 the International Whaling Commission

It has also been a member of the extended commission (≈ an associate member) of:
 the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna.

Regional fisheries advisory bodies
The EU cooperates closely with the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, the primary source of scientific advice guiding the CFP decisions, though it has not become an ICES member, in order to avoid a potential conflict of interest. ICES recommendations, despite their non-binding character, have been basis for practically all of the EU decisions regarding the CFP.

European Union has also been a member of further three regional fisheries advisory intergovernmental organisations:
 European Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Advisory Commission
 Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic
 Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission

Criticism
The Common Fisheries Policy has been argued by certain commentators to have had disastrous consequences for the environment. This view is contradicted by historical evidence revealing that fishing stocks have been in chronic decline over the last century as a result of intensive trawl fishing. According to scientific research published in 2010, the depletion of fishing stocks is a consequence of mismanagement long before the Common Fisheries Policy came into being, a statement illustrated by the fact that British catch rates have declined by 94% over the last 118 years. Nonetheless, the Common Fisheries Policy has continued the trend of ineffective fisheries management in European waters. Indeed, the Common Fisheries Policy has done little if anything to reverse the decline of European fish stocks.

The Common Fisheries Policy has been criticised by some fishermen who believe it is threatening their livelihoods.

EU quotas can mean that fish are thrown overboard after being caught. The quotas are enforced per species, but fishermen can only partly control what species they catch, so species with full quota get thrown. Yet as they are dead, this does not alleviate the problem as it was intended to.

The Common Fisheries Policy has been a major reason for countries with both substantial fish resources and small home markets, like Norway, Iceland, and Danish dependencies (Greenland and the Faroe Islands) and some other dependencies, to stay outside the European Union.

The CFP governance vs. the principle of subsidiarity
A common criticism of the CFP is its centralised, top-down approach to management; although Member States are responsible for the policy's implementation and enforcement, members have originally given the European Commission sole competence in the creation of proposals and the making of decisions. The commission is not exclusively responsible for the setting of total allowable catches. These are proposed by the commission but ultimately determined by the Council of [Fisheries] Ministers.  Allocation of national catch quotas to Member States is on a pre-determined basis—the so-called relative stability—giving each member state pre-determined percentages of the available fishing opportunities. Although Member States hold some responsibilities, such as the distribution of quotas, it is argued that the EU retains too much authority over fisheries management. Furthermore, critics maintain that the organisation is ill-suited to the task of fisheries management as it lacks sufficient understanding of fisheries, and is too far removed from the realities of the industry to set accurate TACs and quotas. The command-and-control method characterised by the CFP is no longer deemed an effective form of fisheries management, and advocates of CFP reform consider a shift from traditional government to participatory third-order governance, incorporating the fisheries industry and Member States, to be vital to the success of the policy.

Consequently, it is suggested that the management of the CFP could be improved through the application of the theory of subsidiarity—the principle that political decisions should be handled at the lowest, least-centralised competent level. The subsidiarity principle was introduced into EU policies as part of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty; however, it does not apply to areas such as the CFP over which the Community retains exclusive competence. A partial devolution of authority, for example involving Member States in the decision-making process and delegating the day-to-day management of fisheries to industry-based organisations, could potentially facilitate the inclusion of industry concerns into the CFP, involving those directly affected by the policy in management decisions and creating to a CFP which encourages compliance and collaboration.

The call for application of the subsidiarity principle to the CFP lies within the argument for its decentralisation. De-centralisation featured prominently in discussions related to the 2002 CFP reform, but the reform itself actually increased centralisation within the CFP, removing the right of Member States to block quota proposals and increasing the EU's role in enforcement. This increasing monopoly and disregard for the wishes of the fisheries industry led to alienation of stakeholders and resulted in reduced compliance. The failure of this increasingly centralised reform has proved to de-centralisation advocates that stakeholder participation in the governance process is crucial to the future success of fisheries governance.

However, some critics argue that applying the subsidiarity principle to the CFP may not improve the policy's effectiveness, as it may lead to what de Vivero et al. term the "participation paradox"—the theory that the greater the number of actors involved in the decision-making process, the less significant the contribution made by each actor, and the smaller the participatory role played in the policy process. Greater devolution within CFP decision-making may therefore silence the voice of the fisheries industry as it competes with other state, private and civil actors to whom authority is also granted. Thus, although the subsidiarity principle can facilitate the government-to-governance transition advocated by many in relation to reform of the CFP, the participatory role of key stakeholders affected by the policy must be maximised to ensure the development of an effective and equitable Common Fisheries Policy.

The EU has recently introduced some elements of CFP devolution (see the #CFP regionalisation and devolution attempts section above).

History

Origins

The first rules were created in 1970. The original six Common Market members realised that four countries applying to join the Common Market at that time (Britain, Ireland, Denmark including Greenland, and Norway) would control the richest fishing grounds in the world. The original six therefore drew up Council Regulation 2141/70 giving all Members equal access to all fishing waters, even though the Treaty of Rome did not explicitly include fisheries in its agriculture chapter. This was adopted on the morning of 30 June 1970, a few hours before the applications to join were officially received. This ensured that the regulations became part of the acquis communautaire before the new members joined, obliging them to accept the regulation. In its accession negotiations, the UK at first refused to accept the rules but by the end of 1971 the UK gave way and signed the Accession Treaty on 22 January 1972, thereby bringing into the CFP joint management an estimated four fifths of all the fish off Western Europe. Norway decided not to join. Greenland left the EC in 1985, after having gained partial independence from Denmark in 1979.

When the fisheries policy was originally set up, the intention was to create a free trade area in fish and fish products with common rules. It was agreed that fishermen from any state should have access to all waters, except Irish fishermen that were refused access to fish any waters east of 4° West, thus closing the North Sea to them. An exception was made for the coastal strip, which was reserved for local fishermen who had traditionally fished those areas. A policy was created to assist modernisation of fishing vessels and on-shore installations.

1970s and 80s
In 1976 the EC extended its fishing waters from 12 nautical miles to 200 nautical miles ( to ) from the coast, in line with other international changes; however, fishing rights to fisheries outside the EU were significantly reduced when exclusive economic zones were defined in 1982. This required additional controls and the CFP as such was created in 1983. This now had four areas of activity: conservation of stocks, vessels and installations, market controls, and external agreements with other nations.

1992
It was determined that there had been over-investment in vessels, over-fishing and that numbers of fish landed were decreasing.  The review identified a need to improve compliance with the regulations. This led to a tightening of regulations and better monitoring of individual vessels. A second review was planned for 2002.

1995
Although fishing could be managed by reducing the fleet size, available fish vary from year to year too much to make this sensible. So a permit system was introduced stating where and when boats are allowed to fish. Scientific studies were commissioned to better-determine available stocks and guide allocation of permits.

2009
In 2009, the EU Commission launched a wide-ranging debate on the way that EU fisheries are managed. It received input from EU citizens, organisations and EU-countries and published a report on the consultation.

In 2009, Iceland applied for European Union membership. The Common Fisheries Policy was not acceptable to Iceland, but the country hoped to negotiate a better deal. However, following a change in government Iceland withdrew their application.

2013
In February 2013 the European Parliament voted for reform of the Common Fisheries Policy, including measures to protect endangered stocks, and the ending of discards. The new CFP came into effect from 1 January 2014, though more talks with EU governments are involved. In presenting the reform package, the German Social Democrat MEP Ulrike Rodust stated: "As of 2015 the principle of maximum sustainable yield shall apply ... Our objective is that depleted fish stocks recover by 2020. Not only nature will benefit, but also fishermen: bigger stocks produce higher yields." The 2013 reform led to a greater role for the European Parliament, involving the convening of a trilateral dialogue (or "trilogue") between the European Council, European Commission and the Parliament, to work towards general agreement on reforming the CFP.

2020
The withdrawal of the UK from the EU affected the CFP, with the details determined by trade negotiations between the EU and the UK.

See also
Fisheries Convention
Common Agricultural Policy
European Fisheries Control Agency
Agriculture and Fisheries configuration of the Council
European Commissioner for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
European Parliament Committee on Fisheries
European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund
 List of harvested aquatic animals by weight

References

Further reading
Berg, Astrid (1999) Implementing and Enforcing European Fisheries Law. Martinus Nijhoff.

External links
Common Fisheries Policy
OCEAN2012
Fishsubsidy.org
WWF
EU financial report 2004
Smart Investments – Promoting Sustainable Fishing Initiatives under the European Fisheries Fund, by Markus Knigge. Published in 2007 by the WWF – European Policy Office
Costs of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing in EU Fisheries. Report by eftec (Economics for the Environment Consultancy Ltd), November 2008.

Fisheries
European Union fishing regulations
Fisheries law

Common Fisheries Policy


Juan Francisco de Molina (*1779 y falleció en la ciudad de Tegucigalpa en 1878) Político hondureño de inclinación liberal que llegó a ser consejero encargado de Honduras entre el 9 de enero al 12 de abril de 1839.

Consejero encargado del Poder Ejecutivo
José Lino Matute, presentaría su renuncia a la presidencia provisional un 9 de enero de 1839, sin convocar a elecciones, siendo sustituido por el consejero gubernamental don Juan Francisco de Molina, quien en su brevísimo tiempo como presidente interino en fecha 11 de enero sanciona la nueva Constitución del Estado de Honduras de 1839 y acto seguido la hace publicar y deroga la Constitución del Estado de Honduras de 1825.

Los gobiernos de Honduras y Nicaragua, separados ya de la República Federal de Centro América se unen para invadir a El Salvador, los planes se llevan a cabo pero el 5 de abril de 1839, las tropas salvadoreñas al mando del general unionista Francisco Morazán derrota a los ejércitos hondureño-nicaragüense en la Batalla del Espíritu Santo. La noticia de la derrota llega a la ciudad de Comayagua y el presidente provisional en funciones Francisco Molina, renuncia de su cargo presurosamente, temiendo la represalia de los unionistas. En consecuencia, deja la administración designando a su consejero Felipe Neri Medina Valderas Córdova, como sustituto, quien encabezaría un Consejo de Ministros.

Referencias

Políticos de Honduras del siglo XIX
Presidentes de Honduras

Juan Francisco de Molina


The horror er en film instrueret af Lise Groesmeyer.

Handling
En skitseret gyserhistorie fortalt på to skærme.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1987

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark

The horror


Madeleine Annette Bonneaud (* 4. Januar 1921 in Limoges; † 13. November 1991 in Madrid) war eine französische Künstlerin. Nach ihrer Heirat mit Óscar Domínguez im Jahr 1945 führte sie den Namen Maud Domínguez, später, nach ihrer Heirat mit Eduardo Westerdahl im Jahr 1955, wurde sie als Maud Westerdahl bekannt.

Leben

Südfrankreich
Maud Bonneaud wurde als Tochter der Pädagogin Adrienne Aimée L'Hotelier und ihres Ehemannes, des Gymnasiallehrers Arsènne Theódore Bonneaud, am 4. Januar 1921 in Limoges geboren. Im Laufe ihrer Schulausbildung besuchte sie ab dem Jahr 1936 für einige Zeit eine internationale Schule in London. Im Anschluss an das Abitur in Limoges studierte sie ab 1939 an der Universität Poitiers. In dieser Zeit lernte sie verschiedene Vertreter des Surrealismus (u. a. André Breton) kennen, die einen starken Eindruck bei ihr hinterließen. Nach ihrem Universitätsabschluss in Literaturwissenschaften im Jahr 1941 veröffentlichte sie Artikel und Gedichte in verschiedenen französischen Zeitungen und Zeitschriften.

Paris
Ab 1943 lebt sie in Paris, das zu der Zeit von deutschen Truppen besetzt war. Sie pflegte Kontakte zu den dort verbliebenen Künstlern der Avantgarde, u. a. zu Pablo Picasso, Dora Maar, Man Ray und Óscar Domínguez.
Anfang 1944 wurde ihr Vater deportiert und im KZ Buchenwald ermordet.
Im Jahr 1945 heiratete sie in Paris Óscar Domínguez Palazon.
In diesem Jahr begann sie auch kleinere Bilder, Objekte und Schmuckstücke in einer von ihr selbst entwickelten Emailtechnik herzustellen. Aufgrund der Herstellungsweise haben die einzelnen Stücke nur ein kleines Format (z. B. 8 × 10 cm). Durch Zusammenstellung mehrerer Stücke zu einem Gesamtbild entstanden allerdings auch größere Bilder. Ihre Arbeiten wurden in der Folgezeit in Ausstellungen im Anglo-French Art Center in London sowie in Olmütz, Prag und Bratislava gezeigt. Maud Bonneaud war auch in der Dauerausstellung der Galería Dina Vierny vertreten. Für Christian Dior fertigte sie einige Schmuckstücke an. Im April des Jahres 1954 fand im Casino Principal de Santa Cruz de Tenerife eine von Eduardo Westerdahl organisierte Einzelausstellung ihrer Arbeiten statt. Zur Eröffnung reiste Maud Domínguez zum ersten Mal in die Heimat ihres Ehemannes nach Teneriffa. Diese Ausstellung wurde anschließend auch in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria gezeigt.

Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Nach der Scheidung von Óscar Domínguez heiratete sie am 22. November 1955 in Paris Eduardo Westerdahl Oramas. Am 28. Oktober 1957 wurde ihr Sohn Hugo Bernardo Westerdahl Bonneaud geboren.

Zu Ende der 50er Jahre trat Maud Westerdahl wieder verstärkt mit literarischen Aktivitäten und neuen Bildern und Objekten hervor. Sie schrieb Kunstkritiken für unterschiedliche Zeitungen und Zeitschriften vor allem aber verfasste sie die Texte für eine ganze Reihe von Ausstellungskatalogen befreundeter Künstler. Das Ehepaar Westerdahl machte verschiedene Reisen, bei denen es immer wieder zu Treffen mit Pablo Picasso kam.

Nach dem Tod ihres Mannes im Jahr 1983 zog sie 1987 nach Madrid, verbrachte aber oft den Winter auf Teneriffa. Maud Westerdahl starb am 13. November 1991 in Madrid.

Ausstellungen
 1956: Einzelausstellung ihrer Arbeiten im Instituto de Estudios Hispánicos in Puerto de la Cruz
 1959: Gemeinschaftsausstellung mit César Manrique, Pablo Serrano und Fernando Mignoni in Madrid
 1960: Gemeinschaftsausstellung zusammen mit Arbeiten von Tanja Tamvelius im Instituto de Estudios Hispánicos in Puerto de la Cruz
 1961: Einzelausstellung in Madrid
 1961: Gemeinschaftsausstellung unter dem Titel Feria de Navidad im Círculo de Bellas Artes de Tenerife in Santa Cruz de Tenerife
 1962: Gemeinschaftsausstellung mit Tanja Tamvelius im Instituto de Estudios Hispánicos in Puerto de la Cruz
 1962: Gemeinschaftsausstellung unter dem Titel Feria de Navidad im Círculo de  Bellas Artes de Tenerife in Santa Cruz de Tenerife
 1963: Einzelausstellung im Sala del Prado del Ateneo in Madrid
 1965: Gemeinschaftsausstellung Las Doce mit Gemälden, Skulpturen, Wandteppichen und Emailarbeiten im Círculo de Bellas Artes de Tenerife in Santa Cruz de Tenerife und im Instituto de Estudios Hispánicos in Puerto de la Cruz
 1967: Gemeinschaftsausstellung VIII Exposición Regional de Pintura y Escultura (8. Regionalausstellung für Malerei und Bildhauerei) im Círculo de Bellas Artes de Tenerife in Santa Cruz de Tenerife
 1969: Gedenkausstellung für Miguel Tarquis im Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes de Santa Cruz de Tenerife
 1970: Einzelausstellung Arbeiten im Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes de Santa Cruz de Tenerife
 1972: Ausstellung zu Ehren von José Luis Sert in den Ausstellungsräumen der Architektenkammer in Santa Cruz de Tenerife
 1972: Einzelausstellung Esmaltes ihre neuesten Arbeiten in der Sala Conca in La Laguna
 1973: Ausstellung zu Ehren von Manolo Millares in der Galería Juana Mordó in Madrid
 1974: Ausstellung von Arbeiten auf der Muestra de Artes Plásticas de Baracaldo
 1976: Gemeinschaftsausstellung kanarischer Künstler
 1977: Gemeinschaftsausstellung zu Ehren von Pablo Picasso in der Galería Balos in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
 1980: Letzte Einzelausstellung unter dem Titel Fabulario in der Galería Rodin in Santa Cruz de Tenerife
 1987: Ausstellung zu Ehren von Maud Westerdahl im Círculo de Bellas Artes de Tenerife
 2005: Gedenkausstellung an Maud und Eduardo Westerdahl

Weblinks

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Franzose
Geboren 1921
Gestorben 1991
Frau
Maler (Frankreich)

Maud Bonneaud


A sofa is a piece of furniture, also called a couch.

Sofa or SOFA may refer to:

People
 Sofa (warrior), slave-soldiers in the Mali Empire and its successor states
Ahmed Sofa (1943–2001), a Bangladeshi writer
Sofa Landver (born 1949), Israeli politician

Places
 SoFA District, an area of San Jose, California, US

Music
 Sofa (Canadian band), a Montreal-based band that was active from 1993 to 1997
 "Sofa" (Frank Zappa song), a composition by American musician, Frank Zappa from the 1975 album One Size Fits All
 "Sofa Song" (song), 2005 single by The Kooks off the album Inside In/Inside Out
 Sofa Sound, recording studio founded by Peter Hammill

Software
 Standards of Fundamental Astronomy, an astronomical software library
 SOFA (component system), an open source framework for designing and implementing component-based applications
 Spatially Oriented Format for Acoustics, a file format for storing spatially oriented acoustic data like head-related transfer functions
 Simulation Open Framework Architecture, an open-source framework primarily targeted at real-time physical simulation
 SOFA Statistics, an open-source statistical package

Other uses
 The Sofa: A Moral Tale , a 1742 libertine novel by Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon
 SOFA score, used to track a patient's status during the stay in an intensive care unit
 Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, see organ dysfunction
 Status of forces agreement, an agreement between a country and a foreign nation stationing military forces in that country
 Statement of Financial Affairs, a form attached to a debtor's petition for bankruptcy in the United States

See also

 sofa.com, online UK furniture store
 SofaStore.com, online UK furniture store, brick-and-mortar store as Oak Furniture Land
 "The New Sofa" (episode), an episode of the UK sitcom The Royle Family
 Moving sofa problem
 Behind the sofa
 Couch (disambiguation)
 Settee (disambiguation)
 Sofa King (disambiguation)

 Sofia (disambiguation)

Sofa (disambiguation)


Dunfermline Burghs était une circonscription de burghs à la Chambre des communes du Parlement du Royaume-Uni de 1918 à 1974.

Il a élu un Membre du Parlement (MP), en utilisant le système de vote uninominal à un tour.

De 1918 à 1950, c'était aussi, officiellement, un district de circonscription de burghs.

Il y avait aussi une circonscription du comté de Dunfermline de 1974 à 1983.

Limites

Tel que défini en 1918, la circonscription couvrait les burghs parlementaires de Dunfermline, Cowdenbeath, Inverkeithing et Lochgelly. Avant la création de la circonscription, les burghs de Dunfermline et Inverkeithing étaient représentés comme des composants de Stirling Burghs, tandis que Cowdenbeath et Lochgelly se trouvaient dans la circonscription du comté de West Fife.

Membre du Parlement

Résultats élections

Élections dans les années 1910

Élections dans les années 1920

Retour aux élections

Élections dans les années 1930

Retour aux élections

Élections dans les années 1940

Retour aux élections

Élections dans les années 1950

Retour aux élections

Élections dans les années 1960

Retour aux élections

Élections dans les années 1970

Retour au début

Références

Ancienne circonscription du Parlement britannique en Écosse
Politique dans le Fife

Dunfermline Burghs (circonscription du Parlement britannique)


පාහියන් හිමි යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට පැමිණ මෙරට ගිහි සමාජය පිලිබඳව (බෞද්ද රාජදානි පිළිබඳ විස්තරය ) ග්‍රන්තය රචනා කළ භික්ෂුව වන අතර උන් වහන්සේ අතින් රචිත එම කෘතිය මෙරට සාහිත්‍ය මූලාශ්‍ර පිළිබඳ හැදෑරීමේ දී බොහෝ උපකාරී වේ.

පාහියන් හිමි


L'élection présidentielle équatoguinéenne de 2009 se tient le 29 novembre afin d'élire le président de la république de Guinée équatoriale pour un septennat.

Contexte
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, président de la République sortant, est au pouvoir depuis 1979. Il a été réélu en 2002 avec 97% des voix.

Modalités du scrutin
Le président de la République est élu au scrutin uninominal majoritaire à un tour.

Candidats
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, président sortant et candidat du Parti démocratique de Guinée équatoriale.

Placido Mico Abogo, député siégeant dans l'opposition et candidat de Convergence pour la social-démocratie.

Archivaldo Montero Biribé, candidat de l'Union populaire de Guinée équatoriale.

Buenaventura Moswi M'Asumu Nsegue, candidat du Parti de la coalition social-démocrate.

Carmelo Mba Bacale, candidat de l'Action populaire de Guinée équatoriale.

Résultats
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo est réélu le 29 novembre avec 95,37% des voix. La Commission nationale électorale le déclare officiellement vainqueur le 3 décembre et il prête serment le 8 décembre suivant.

Placido Mico Abogo, considéré comme son principal concurrent obtient 3,55% des voix. Archivaldo Montero Biribé, Buenaventura Moswi M'Asumu Nsegue et Carmelo Mba Bakalé obtienne respectivement 0,34%, 0,17% et 0,16% des suffrages.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Guinée équatoriale
2009
Politique en novembre 2009

Élection présidentielle équatoguinéenne de 2009


Røde Mellemvej 2. th. er en kortfilm instrueret af Camilla Arlien-Søborg efter manuskript af Ida Mathilde Karlsson.

Handling
I forsøget på at opnå den perfekte jul går alting mere og mere galt.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2011

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Røde Mellemvej 2. th.


The year 1828 in architecture involved some significant events.

Buildings

Openings
 July 17 – Stone Kingston Bridge, London, designed by Edward Lapidge.
 October 25 – St Katharine Docks in London, designed by Philip Hardwick.

Completions
 St Stephen's Church, Edinburgh, designed by William Henry Playfair.
 St John on Bethnal Green, London, designed by John Soane.
 Second Christiansborg Palace, Copenhagen, Denmark.
 Flagstaff Tower, Delhi, India.
 Jašiūnai Manor, Lithuania, designed by Karol Podczaszyński.

 Raczyński Library, Poznań, Poland.
 Kremlin Arsenal, Moscow, Russia.
 Pont de l'Archevêché, Paris, France.
 Chaudière Bridge, Ottawa, Canada, designed by Colonel John By.
 Kings Bridge, Dublin, Ireland, designed by George Papworth.
 Western Pavilion, Brighton, UK, designed by Amon Henry Wilds.
 Westminster Arcade in Providence, Rhode Island, USA, built by Russell Warren and James Bucklin.

Events
 Heinrich Hübsch's In welchem Style sollen wir bauen? ("In which style should we build?") is published.
 Completion of restoration work on Touro Synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island, an early example of building restoration in the United States.

Births
 June 9 – George Goldie, English church architect (died 1887)
 June 15 – Thomas Newenham Deane, Irish architect (died 1899)

Deaths
 March 12 – William Stretton, English architect, 72
 March 28 – William Thornton, British-American physician, inventor, painter and architect, 68

References

Architecture
Years in architecture
19th-century architecture

1828 in architecture


Tamotsu Komatsuzaki (født 10. juli 1970) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Kawasaki Frontale, Consadole Sapporo og Yokohama FC.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Tamotsu Komatsuzaki


Kuća Machiedo u Hvaru
Kuća Machiedo (Bonini) u Hvaru
Kuća Bevilaqua-Machiedo u Jelsi, čije je dvorište zaštićeno kulturno dobro

Kuća Machiedo


Cupa Franței 2015-16 este ediția cu numărul 99, și este o competiție de fotbal care se dispută în Franța. Competiția este organizată de cei de la French Football Federation (FFF) !Și este destinată tuturor cluburilor de fotbal din Franța!PSG este câștigătoarea de anul trecut, care a învins AJ Auxerre în finală.

Calendarul meciurilor

Echipe

Runda de la 1-6!
Primele șase runde, precum și orice preliminarii, sunt organizate de Liga Regională și teritoriile de peste mări, care permite echipelor din cadrul structurii lor liga a intra în orice punct până la a treia rundă. Echipe din CFA 2 intră în a treia rundă, cei de la CFA intră în runda a patra și a celor de la Championnat National intra la runda a cincea.

Echipele care intră în fiecare rundă, pe regiuni:

Începand cu runda 7

În runda a șaptea, cele 156 de echipe calificate din Liga Regionale și teritoriile de peste mări sunt unite de 20 de echipe din Ligue 2. Cele 20 de echipe din Ligue 1 intra în runda

Meciuri

Faza finală:

Șaisprezecimi

Optimi

Sferturi de finala

Semifinale

Finala

Fotbal în Franța

Coupe de France 2015-2016


Duer flyver frit på himlen er en dansk kortfilm fra 2010 med instruktion og manuskript af Marie Grahtø Sørensen.

Handling

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2010

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Duer flyver frit på himlen


Massimo De Rita, né le  et mort le  à Rome, est un scénariste italien.

Biographie
Après avoir fréquenté le Centro sperimentale di cinematografia, il commence à travailler avec Fellini en tant qu'assistant de production. À la fin des années 1950, il est producteur de films très novateurs tels que Le Masque du démon, mais choisit rapidement de poursuivre une carrière de scénariste.

Il a travaillé sur diverses œuvres audiovisuelles, des poliziotteschi aux fictions télévisées biographiques et religieuses des années 2000, en passant par les westerns spaghettis et les films de Giuseppe Tornatore.

Il a reçu le Ruban d'argent du meilleur scénario pour Bandits à Milan en 1968.

Filmographie

 1964 : Rome contre Rome (Roma contro Roma) de Giuseppe Vari
 1968 : Rome comme Chicago (Roma come Chicago) d'Alberto De Martino
 1968 : Bandits à Milan (Banditi a Milano) de Carlo Lizzani
 1969 :  de Carlo Lizzani
 1969 : Una breve stagione de Renato Castellani
 1969 : Pas de pitié pour les héros (L'urlo dei giganti) de León Klimovsky
 1970 : Compañeros (Vamos a matar, compañeros) de Sergio Corbucci
 1970 : La Cité de la violence (Città violenta) de Sergio Sollima
 1971 : L'uomo dagli occhi di ghiaccio d'Alberto De Martino
 1971 : Et viva la révolution ! (¡Viva la muerte... tua!) de Duccio Tessari
 1971 : Nous sommes tous en liberté provisoire (L'istruttoria è chiusa dimentichi) de Damiano Damiani
 1972 : Cosa Nostra (The Valachi Papers) de Terence Young
 1973 : Chino (Valdez, il mezzosangue) de Duilio Coletti et John Sturges
 1973 : Les Amazones (Le guerriere dal seno nudo) de Terence Young
 1973 : La Poursuite implacable (Revolver) de Sergio Sollima
 1973 : La Police au service du citoyen (La polizia è al servizio del cittadino?) de Romolo Guerrieri
 1973 : Les Grands Patrons (Bisturi, la mafia bianca) de Luigi Zampa
 1974 : Jo le fou (Crazy Joe) de Carlo Lizzani
 1974 : Un citoyen se rebelle (Il cittadino si ribella) d'Enzo G. Castellari
 1975 : Profession garde du corps (Vai gorilla) de Tonino Valerii
 1975 : Ordre de tuer (El clan de los inmorales) de
 1976 : Bluff (Bluff - Storia di truffe e di imbroglioni) de Sergio Corbucci
 1976 : Big Racket (Il grande racket) d'Enzo G. Castellari
 1977 : Corleone de Pasquale Squitieri
 1977 : Action immédiate (La via della droga) d'Enzo G. Castellari
 1978 : Eutanasia di un amore d'Enrico Maria Salerno
 1978 : Le Pot de vin (La mazzetta) de Sergio Corbucci
 1980 : La Mort au bout de la route (Speed Driver) de Stelvio Massi
 1980 : L'Homme puma (L'uomo puma) d'Alberto De Martino
 1980 : L'avvertimento de Damiano Damiani
 1981 : Un centesimo di secondo de Duccio Tessari
 1981 : L'Enfer en quatrième vitesse (Car Crash) d'Antonio Margheriti
 1982 : Marche au pas ! (Porca vacca) de Pasquale Festa Campanile
 1982 : Liens de sang (Extrasensorial) d'Alberto De Martino
 1984 : La Mafia (La piovra) (feuilleton télé) de Damiano Damiani
 1984 : Blastfighter de Lamberto Bava
 1985 : Le Maître de la camorra (Il camorrista) de Giuseppe Tornatore
 1988 : Guerra di spie (feuilleton télé) de Duccio Tessari
 1990 : Le Masque de Satan (La maschera del demonio) de Lamberto Bava
 1990 : Ils vont tous bien ! (Stanno tutti bene) de Giuseppe Tornatore
 2006 : L'Inconnue (La sconosciuta) de Giuseppe Tornatore
 2009 : Everybody's Fine de Kirk Jones

Notes et références

Liens externes

Scénariste italien de cinéma
Naissance à Rome
Naissance en août 1934
Décès à Rome
Décès en mai 2013
Décès à 78 ans

Massimo De Rita


Japanshjálmur  (fræðiheiti: Aconitum japonicum) er fjölært jurt af sóleyjaætt sem er upprunnin frá Japan, Kóreuskaga og NA-Kína.

Japanshjálmur er eitraður og skal gæta varúðar við meðhöndlun hans, sérstaklega rætur og stöngla.

Tilvísanir

Eiturplöntur
Sóleyjaætt

Japanshjálmur


Der BE Circuit 2011/12 war die 25. Auflage dieser europäischen Turnierserie im Badminton. Am 29. Juni 2011 wurden die für den vom 21. bis zum 24. September geplanten Israel International (BWF Level 4C ohne Preisgeld) abgesagt.

Die Wertungsturniere

Weblinks
 badminton.de

Sportsaison 2011/12
2011

BE Circuit 2011/12


باي شوري  هي قرية غير مضمنة في ولاية نيويورك الأمريكية.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حسب تعداد سنة 2000: 23,852 نسمة. ويبلغ عددهم حسب تقدير 2007 حوالي:24,600 نسمة.

التركيبة السكانية
حدّد مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بيانات التركيبة السكانية لباي شور في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.

تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان باي شور 23,852 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 8,194 أسرة وعدد العائلات 5,533 عائلة مقيمة في المنطقة السكنية. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 8,639 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمنطقة السكنية بنسبة 68.84% من البيض و17.15% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.45% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و2.35% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.03% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و7.19% من الأعراق الأخرى و3.99% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و19.86% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 8,194 أسرة كانت نسبة 37.5% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 46.8% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 15.2% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 5.5% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 32.5% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 25.9% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 10.5% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.83، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.40.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 35.3 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 25.8% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 7.5% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 31.9% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 20.9% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 11.1% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 94.4 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 90.9 ذكر.

بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في المنطقة السكنية 45,028 دولارًا، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 61,298 دولارًا. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 42,997 دولارًا مقابل 33,875 دولارًا للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالمنطقة السكنية 32,629 دولارًا. وكانت نسبة 11.8% من العائلات ونسبة 16.4% من السكان تحت خط الفقر، وكان من هؤلاء نسبة 29% تحت سن الثامنة عشر ونسبة 7.9% في الخامسة والستين من العمر وما فوق.

تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان باي شور 26,337 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 9,064 أسرة وعدد العائلات 6,079 عائلة مقيمة في المنطقة السكنية. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 9,663 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمنطقة السكنية بنسبة 60.97% من البيض و19.63% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.66% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و3.25% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.04% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و11.27% من الأعراق الأخرى و4.18% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و30.76% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 9,064 أسرة كانت نسبة 36.7% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 42.7% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 17.9% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 6.5% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 32.9% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 27% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 11.3% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.88، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 3.45.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 37.4 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 24.6% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 9.1% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 27.8% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 26.6% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 11.9% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 48.5% ذكور و51.5% إناث.

أعلام

 غروفر فرويز
 انيد ماركي
 إيفي شانون
 كارل آدامز
 شاول كريبك
 فيل بويل
 جورج كيفر
 مارسيا كلارك
 ويليام راسيل ويلكوكس
 إرنست غرينوود

المراجع

أماكن ساحلية مأهولة في ولاية نيويورك
قرى صغيرة في مقاطعة سوفولك (نيويورك)
قرى صغيرة في ولاية نيويورك
مدن ولاية نيويورك
مناطق إحصاء سكاني في مقاطعة سوفولك (نيويورك)
مناطق إحصاء سكاني في نيويورك (ولاية)
مناطق إحصاء سكاني في ولاية نيويورك

باي شور


Den falske Generaldirektør er en dansk stumfilm fra 1908, der er instrueret af Viggo Larsen.

Handling

Eksterne henvisninger

Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1908

Den falske Generaldirektør


La ZrT TrackMania Cup 2017 est la cinqième édition de la ZrT TrackMania Cup, la compétition internationale d' annuelle sur le jeu TrackMania²: Stadium organisée par ZeratoR.

Les qualifications ont lieu en ligne le 3 juin 2017. La grande finale, elle, est jouée le  juillet 2017 à l'Amphithéâtre 3000 du Centre de congrès de Lyon devant 55 000 spectateurs (3 000 sur place et 52 000 en ligne sur Twitch).

Pour cette cinquième édition jouée en solo, CarlJr (Canada) reprend son titre après l'avoir perdu l'année précédente. C'est sa troisième victoire dans la compétition .
C'est le joueur français Papou qui décroche la deuxième place, suivit par Bren (France) et ReVoLuTioN (Allemagne).

Circuits

Pour cette édition, ZeratoR a réalisé 17 circuits (dont 3 circuits pour les défis en finale) :

Durant la Grande Finale, 3 défis ont été joués :

Compétition

Qualifications

Grande Finale

Initialement, le joueur Bosswanted (France) était qualifié pour les demi-finales mais il décide d'abandonner. Il est remplacé par Badlulu (France).

Demi-finales
Les demi-finales sont jouées en format Coupe. Dans ce format, le joueur doit au fil des courses obtenir 120 points, ce qui lui permet d'obtenir le statut de "Finaliste". Le barème des points est le suivant :  = 10 pts /  = 6 pts /  = 4 pts /  = 3 pts.

Une fois le statut de "Finaliste" atteint, le joueur doit finir premier d'une course pour obtenir le statut de "Vainqueur", synonyme de qualification pour la finale.

Finale

La Finale s'est jouée en mode Coupe, comme pour les demi-finales. Le nombre de points à atteindre pour devenir "Finaliste" est de 140 et le barème des points est le suivant :  = 10 pts /  = 6 pts /  = 4 pts /  = 3 pts.

Une fois le statut de finaliste atteint, le joueur doit finir premier d'une course pour obtenir le statut de "Vainqueur", synonyme de victoire de la finale.

Seule la  place est jouée. Ainsi, le classement des deux autres joueurs est déterminé selon leur score au moment de la victoire du . Toutefois, finir  ou  n'a pas d'importance du fait que le cashprize est identique.

Références

Compétition d'esport
TrackMania
Émission sur Twitch

ZrT TrackMania Cup 2017


Post Danmark Rundt 2014 var den 24. udgave af det danske cykeletapeløb Post Danmark Rundt. Løbet blev vundet af Michael Valgren fra Team Tinkoff-Saxo.

Løbet var over seks etaper og startede 6. august 2014 i Hobro, og sluttede søndag den 10. august med opløb på Frederiksberg Allé på Frederiksberg i København.

Hold og ryttere

Etaperne

1. etape

2. etape

3. etape

4. etape

5. etape

6. etape

Resultater

Eksterne henvisninger
 Post Danmark Rundts hjemmeside

Referencer

2014
UCI Europe Tour 2014

Post Danmark Rundt 2014


Canellales, biljni red iz razreda Magnoliopsida raširen po tropskoj Americi i Africi (porodica Canellaceae) i Oceanije, Malezije, istočne Australije, Novog Zelanda i Madagaskara (porodica Winteraceae).

Red i porodica nose ime po rodu kanela (Canella), korisnog, vazdazelenog, mirisnog drveća, čiji je jedini predstavnik Canella winterana, koja raste po Karibima, južnoj Floridi, Meksiku  (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatan) i Venezueli (Zulia). Ime Canella nije povezano Canella Indijancima, nego je deminutiv latinskog canna ("trska"), koja je najprije bila dana kori drveta Cinnamomum aromaticum (Cinnamomum cassia), prema obliku valjka koji bi poprimila prilikom sušenja, a pripada porodici Lauraceae (lovorovke), i nije mu srodna.

Sastoji se od dvije porodice sa 93 vrste

Porodice i rodovi
Order Canellales
 Familia Winteraceae R. Br. ex Lindl. (70 spp.)
 Tribus Takhtajanieae Takht. ex Reveal
 Takhtajania Baranova & J.-F. Leroy (1 sp.)
 Tribus Tasmannieae Takht. ex Reveal
 Drimys Forster & G. Forst. (18 spp.)
 Tribus Wintereae Meisn.
 Zygogynum Baill. (47 spp.)
 Pseudowintera Dandy (4 spp.)
 Familia Canellaceae Mart. (23 spp.)
 Pleodendron Tiegh. (3 spp.)
 Cinnamodendron Endl. (12 spp.)
 Canella P. Br. (1 sp.)
 Warburgia Engl. (4 spp.)
 Cinnamosma Baill. (3 spp.)

Izvori

Magnolianae
Biljni redovi

Canellales


Difteri er en dansk propagandafilm fra 1946 instrueret af Poul Bang og efter manuskript af Erik Witte.

Handling
Filmen er en propaganda for difterivaccination. De tyske hære bragte en ny og farligere form for difteri udover landene, og flygtningene førte den videre over det krigsramte Europa. Den ramte alle aldersklasser. Også til Danmark kom den, og dødeligheden var stor.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Propagandafilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1946

Difteri (dokumentarfilm)


Florin Cazacu () este primarul municipiului Brad, județul Hunedoara.

Primii ani

Florin Cazacu s-a născut la Brad în 18 februarie 1965 fiind primul copil într-o familie de constructori, mama, Doina din comuna Blăjeni, binecunoscuta așezare din nordul județului Hunedoara, iar tatăl, Ștefan venit la Brad ca zidar constructor din sudul Olteniei, comuna Poiana Mare, Județul Dolj. În 1968 se naște Mihaela Carmen sora lui Florin Cazacu.

Studii

Începe studiile elementare în anul 1971 la Școala generală din Orașul Nou Brad și tot aici, la Brad, continuă din 1979, liceul "Avram Iancu", pe care l-a absolvit în anul 1983.

1983-1984  stagiul militar la U.M.01841, parașutiști din Caracal jud. Olt

1984-1985 Student la Institutul de Mine Petroșani

1989-1993 Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Științe Economice, specializarea finanțe contabilitate (ff)

2004-2005 Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Științe Politice, Administrative și ale comunicării master științe Administrative

2006-2007 Școala de studii Academice Post universitare "Ovidiu Șincai" București, Master în Management Politic

2007 Universitatea Națională de apărare "Carol I" Colegiul Național de Apărare curs postuniversitar specializarea Securitate și bună Guvernare

2010-2011 Academia de Studii Economice București (cu Universitatea d'Artois) Master în Managementul Întreprinderii și al Teritoriului

2012-2015. Doctorand la Academia de Studii Economice București. în curs de elaborare teza de doctorat

Activitate profesională

Începând cu 1985 se angajează miner la I.P.E.G. Deva Brigada Hălmagiu șantierul Moneasa iar începând cu septembrie 1986 se angajează miner în subteran la Întreprinderea Minieră Barza sector Brădișor.

Activitate publică și politică

1994 a fost ales Președinte al Sindicatului Liber din Întreprinderea Minieră Barza, funcție deținută până în 2004.
A participat activ la negocierea contractelor colective de munca de la nivelul întreprinderii, Regiei Autonome a Cuprului Deva respectiv al Companiei Naționale Minvest S.A. Deva. A gestionat situațiile conflictuale legate de restructurarea mineritului în zona Brad și a participat la numeroase negocieri pentru soluționarea divergentelor sindicat-administrație.

În urma alegerilor locale din 2000 a fost ales din partea PRM consilier în Consiliul Local al Municipiului Brad.

În 2004 a fost ales din partea PSD Primar al Municipiului Brad, reales cu 83,5% din voturi în 2008 și cu 69,9% reales primar în 2012.

În perioada 2007-2010 a fost președintele PSD județul Hunedoara.

2010-2011 Șeful Departamentului pentru Relația cu Sindicatele la nivel Național PSD

Primar al Anului 2011 din județul Hunedoara titlul acordat de către Uniunea Jurnaliștilor din Banatul Istoric.

A fost desemnat "Omul Anului" 2011 de către cotidianul.ro împreună cu încă 6 personalități politice și culturale ale României.http://www.cotidianul.ro/omul-anului-2011-festivitatea-de-premiere-172012/

Viața personală
Născut si crescut in orașul Brad; absolvent al Liceului Avram Iancu din Brad.
 Familia: căsătorit prima dată cu Paula ,prima soție , cu care are un băiat Florin Răzvan .A divorțat și s-a recăsătorit cu a doua soție Cristina Elena, cu care are o fiică Sorina Lăcrămioara.

Pasiuni:
călătoriile și lectura

Legături externe

 CazacuFlorin.ro
 Profil Facebook
 Pagina Personala Facebook
 Politicians who care?
 Romanian mayor ends hunger strike over cuts

Primari din România
Nașteri în 1965
Nașteri pe 18 februarie

Florin Cazacu


الفصة السوداء أو الفصة الصغيرة  نبات يتبع جنس الفصة من الفصيلة البقولية.

الموئل والانتشار
ينتشر في الشام ومصر والمغرب العربي وتركيا والقوقاز وكل مناطق حوض البحر الأبيض المتوسط وأوروبا من اليونان والبلقان إلى إسبانيا والبرتغال وشمالاً من إيرلندا وبريطانيا إلى فنلندا وروسيا.

الوصف النباتي
كبقية أنواع الفصة ، تتكون ورقة الفصة السوداء من ثلاث وريقات. يكون تمو نبات الفصة السوداء منتشرًا أو زاحفًا، و إذا لم يحش يمكن أن يصل ارتفاعه إلى 60 سم.

نمو النورات غير محدود. الأزهار صفراء. لون الثمار أخضر يتحول إلى الأسود عند النضج ، و هذا ما أكسبها اسمها.

يختلف طول دورة حياة النبات حسب الظروف البيئية، فيمكن أن يكون حولياً أو ثنائي الحول أو معمراً.

المصادر

أصنوفات سماها كارولوس لينيوس
الحياة النباتية في الوطن العربي
بقولية
فصة
نباتات أذربيجان
نباتات أرمينيا
نباتات ألبانيا
نباتات ألمانيا
نباتات أيرلندا
نباتات البرتغال
نباتات البوسنة والهرسك
نباتات الجبل الأسود
نباتات الدنمارك
نباتات السويد
نباتات الشام
نباتات المجر
نباتات المغرب العربي
نباتات النرويج
نباتات النمسا
نباتات اليونان
نباتات إسبانيا
نباتات إستونيا
نباتات بريطانيا
نباتات بلجيكا
نباتات بلغاريا
نباتات بولندا
نباتات تركيا
نباتات تشيكيا
نباتات جورجيا
نباتات روسيا
نباتات روسيا البيضاء
نباتات رومانيا
نباتات سلوفاكيا
نباتات سلوفينيا
نباتات سويسرا
نباتات صربيا
نباتات فرنسا
نباتات فنلندا
نباتات كرواتيا
نباتات لاتفيا
نباتات لبنان
نباتات لبنان وسوريا
نباتات ليتوانيا
نباتات مالطا
نباتات مصر
نباتات مقدونيا
نباتات مولدوفا
نباتات هولندا
نباتات وادي النيل
نباتات وصفت في 1753

فصة سوداء


La Gredita era un puesto, en un paraje ubicado en la Provincia de La Rioja, República Argentina. Su localización es 29º 04' 09" S, 67º 03' 10" W. El mismo se encuentra en proximidad al límite entre los Departamentos Sanagasta y Castro Barros. En dicho puesto, Florentino Herrera, natural de Pinchas, criaba ganado ovino y caprino.

Se accede a La Gredita por un sendero que se encuentra aproximadamente a 1 km al norte de la localidad de Las Peñas. El camino se halla en la quebrada por donde corre un arroyo. Ese sendero es mantenido ya que llega hasta donde se ubica la toma de agua que abastece a la Localidad de Las Peñas, pero solo es transitable en vehículos tipo pick-up, camiones o todo terreno.

A medida que se avanza hacia el Noroeste, se van dejando a los costados del curso de agua los restos de varias viviendas, donde se pueden aún encontrar árboles frutales y zonas que fueron despejadas de vegetación con fines agrícolas.

Luego de recorrer aproximadamente 4,6 km se accede a La Gredita. Al acercarse al paraje se observa un sector libre de arbustos y árboles donde se sembraban maíz, zapallo y porotos. También se cultivaban nueces y frutas como el durazno, la vid y el membrillo.

Hacia principios y mediados del  en ese sitio habitaban entre 10 y 15 familias.  Era una zona de cría de animales, los que se llevaban en pie a la ciudad de Chilecito. A veces el ganado era llevado desde esta última a Villa Unión y de allí pasando por Villa San José de Vinchina hasta Copiapó, en Chile.

En la actualidad solamente quedan los restos de algunas viviendas. Destacándose una que está junto a la toma de agua que abastece a la localidad de Las Peñas Perteneciente a don Pedro Domingo Gonzalez. Esa edificación, con paredes y columnas hechas con piedras prolijamente cortadas, aún se mantiene en pie y con sus techos en muy buen estado de conservación. En la década de 1980, un vecino de la zona comenzó una edificación la que quedó inconclusa.

En las rocas que forman parte del cauce del arroyo que surca la zona se pueden ver numerosos morteros que fueran utilizados por los aborígenes de la región.

Galería

Enlaces externos

Referencias

Localidades rurales de La Rioja (Argentina)
Departamento Sanagasta

La Gredita


Acanthoprasium integrifolium ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Acanthoprasium innerhalb der Familie der Lippenblütler (Lamiaceae). Es ist ein Endemit von Zypern.

Beschreibung

Vegetative Merkmale
Acanthoprasium integrifolium ist ein kleiner Strauch und erreicht Wuchshöhen von höchstens 1 Meter. Seine Zweige sind jung stumpf vierkantig. Die Behaarung (Indument) ist recht unterschiedlich, sie besteht aber nur aus einfachen Haaren.

Die gegenständigen Laubblätter sind in Blattstiel und Blattspreite gegliedert. Der Blattstiel ist bis zu 15 Millimeter lang. Die einfache Blattspreite ist bei einer Länge von 7 bis 30 Millimetern sowie einer Breite von 5 bis 25 Millimetern eiförmig oder länglich und ganzrandig oder selten etwas gelappt.

Generative Merkmale
Die Blütezeit reicht von April bis Juni. Der meist verzweigt Blütenstand besteht aus Zymen, die jeweils nur eine Blüte enthalten. Die Deckblätter sind auffällig, sie sind kahl, braun, 7 bis 15 Millimeter lang und zu geraden oder gebogenen Dornen umgebildet.

Die zwittrigen Blüten sind zygomorph und fünfzählig mit doppelter Blütenhülle. Der Kelch ist trichterförmig oder glockig und 11 bis 15 Millimeter lang und etwa 7 bis 9 Millimeter breit; er trägt fünf fast gleich lange Zähne. Die Blütenkrone ist deutlich zweilippig, sie ist weiß oder lila oder weiß mit roten Streifen, ihre Kronröhre trägt innen einen Haarring. Die Oberlippe ist helmartig und außen behaart. Die Unterlippe ist dreilappig, der Mittellappen ist ausgerandet, 3 bis 5 Millimeter lang und 6 bis 7 Millimeter breit. Der 12 Millimeter lange Griffel besitzt sind fast gleich lange Griffeläste.

Die dunkelbraunen Nüsschen sind am oberen Ende gerundet, 3,5 Millimeter lang und 2,5 Millimeter breit.

Vorkommen
Dieser Endemit kommt nur auf Zypern vor. Acanthoprasium integrifolium gedeiht an Kalk- oder Sandsteinfelsen, an steinigen Hängen, auch an Mauern. Man findet Acanthoprasium integrifolium in Höhenlagen von Meereshöhe bis zu etwa 750 Metern.

Taxonomie
Die Erstveröffentlichung erfolgte unter dem Namen (Basionym) Ballota integrifolia durch George Bentham. Die Neukombination zu Acanthoprasium integrifolium  wurde durch den dänischen Botaniker Per Olof Ryding im Jahr 2011 durchgeführt. Ein weiteres Synonym für Acanthoprasium integrifolium  ist Ballota wettsteinii  Seit 2011 gehört sie mit einer zweiten Art, Acanthoprasium frutescens, in die Gattung Acanthoprasium. Aber John Isaac Briquet hatte schon 1893 die nahe Verwandtschaft beider Arten erkannt.

Literatur
 Alois Walter Patzak: Ballota L. In:
 Robert Desmond Meikle: Flora of Cyprus. Band 2, London 1985, Seite 1316–1319. ISBN 0-9504876-4-3.
 John Isaac Briquet: Les Labiées des Alpes Maritimes. Matériaux pour servir à l'Histoire de la Flore des Alpes Maritimes. Genève und Basel, Band 2, 1893, Seite 276–284.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Lippenblütler
Lamiaceae

Acanthoprasium integrifolium


Balkan Region () is the westernmost of the five regions of Turkmenistan. Clockwise from north it borders Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan (north); two provinces of Turkmenistan (east), Iran (south), and the Caspian Sea (west). The capital city is Balkanabat, formerly known as Nebit Dag. The region's boundaries are identical to those of the former Krasnovodsk Oblast', a Soviet-era province of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic. This oblast was liquidated and restored repeatedly in the 20th century, concluding with its abolition in 1988. However, the administrative boundaries of the region were restored in 1991 when Balkan Region was established.

The province covers 139,270 square kilometers and counts 553,500 residents (2005 estimate).  A large minority of these are nomadic herding families. Its population density of 3.97 persons per square kilometer is the lowest in Turkmenistan.

Other cities include: Bereket, Türkmenbaşy, Gumdag, Serdar, Hazar, Etrek, and Esenguly.

Balkan Region has significant hydrocarbon reserves, which in 2019 accounted for 13.9% of Turkmenistan's natural gas production and 93.1% of its petroleum production. It also generated 15.4% of the country's electric power. Due to the very low water supply, agriculture is negligible, and only 4.5% of Turkmenistan's arable lands are within the province.

Off its Caspian shores, the Balkan Region includes the island of Ogurja Ada, the most important island in Turkmenistan and one of the largest in the Caspian Sea.

Etymology

One conjecture holds that Balkan comes from Bal akan meaning "where the honey flows", possibly relating to the locally rich petroleum sources. However, Atanyyazow explains,This name is derived from the Balkan word meaning "mountain" in ancient Turkic languages (Khasanov, p. 47) - compare the Balkan mountains in Bulgaria. In the Turkic language, it is also used to mean "mountain", "mountain-top mountains" (1 Uretsko-Russian. Sl. M, 1931, p. 110). In the dictionaries of Budagovyts and Gadlovyts, it also occurs in the same sense. This ancient name, which existed in the early 11th century, is interpreted by local elders as "honey flowing"...

Administrative subdivisions

Districts
Balkan Province (Balkan welaýaty) is subdivided into 6 districts (etrap, plural etraplar):

 Bereket (previously Gazanjyk)
 Esenguly (previously Hasan-Kuli)
 Etrek (previously Gyzyletrek)
 Gyzylarbat (from 1999 to 2022 called Serdar)
 Magtymguly (previously Garry Gala)
 Türkmenbaşy

In addition, part of the city of Turkmenbashy is subdivided into a borough with district status and thus a presidentially appointed mayor.

 City Boroughs of Türkmenbaşy City:
 Awaza etraby

The former Kenar Borough (Kenar etraby) of the city of Turkmenbashy was abolished effective 9 November 2022.

Municipalities
As of January 1, 2017, the province included 10 cities (города or şäherler), 13 towns (посёлки or şäherçeler), 33 rural or village councils (сельские советы or geňeşlikler), and 112 villages (села, сельские населенные пункты or obalar). Two cities, Gumdag and Hazar, were downgraded to town status in November 2022, reducing the number of cities to eight and increasing the number of towns by two. The town of Garagöl was annexed by the town of Hazar, bringing the number of towns to 14.

In the list below, cities with "district status" are bolded:

Balkanabat (formerly Nebit-Dag)
Bereket (formerly Gazanjyk ( ))
Esenguly (formerly Hasan Kuli) ( )
Etrek (formerly Gyzyletrek)
Garabogaz (formerly Bekdaş)
Gyzylarbat (from 1999 to 2022 called Serdar)
Magtymguly (formerly Garrygala)  ( )
Türkmenbaşy City (formerly Krasnovodsk)

Industry
From 2017 to 2019, Balkan Province produced these volumes of industrial products:
{| class="wikitable"
|
|2017
|2018
|2019
|-
|Electricitymillion kwh
|5,106.3
|4,757.6
|3,474.3
|-
|Oil  (including gas condensate)thousand tonnes|10,237.9
|10,120.9
|9,146.4
|-
|Natural  gasbillion m3
|10.5
|10.5
|9.7
|-
|Gasolinethousand tonnes
|1,828.1
|1,830.1
|1,707.6
|-
|Kerosenethousand tonnes
|551.6
|567.9
|477.4
|-
|Diesel  fuelthousand tonnes
|1,897
|1,182
|1,745
|-
|Bunker  oilthousand tonnes
|623
|854.5
|674
|-
|Sodium sulfatethousand tonnes
|3.1
|1.5
|0.3
|-
|Cementthousand tonnes
|888.2
|731.2
|402.6
|-
|Building  bricksmillion
|6.2
|6.8
|9.7
|-
|Saltthousand tonnes
|94.1
|94.2
|94.3
|}

Turkmenistan's largest petroleum refinery is in the city of Turkmenbashy (viz.)''.

The Balkan Cement Plant in Jebel was built in 2011 by Turkish firm Polimeks and has a design capacity of one million tons per year.

The Kiyanly Polymer Factory (), inaugurated October 17, 2018, features design capacity to produce 381 thousand tonnes of polyethylene and 81 thousand tonnes of polypropylene per year.  Built at a cost of $3.4 billion by LG International, Hyundai Engineering, Toyo Engineering, and Gap Inşaat  (a subsidiary of Çalık Holding), the plant cracks methane and ethane for production of polymers.  In the first ten months of 2019, however, the factory produced only 67,900 tonnes of polyethylene and 12,700 tonnes of polypropylene.

The $1.3 billion Garabogaz urea (carbamide) plant, built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and GAP İnşaat, was inaugurated on September 18, 2018, with a design capacity of 1.16 million tonnes of urea per year.  Between January and October 2019, the Garabogaz plant produced approximately 392,000 tonnes of urea, of which 261,000 tonnes was exported.

Three factories produce iodine in Turkmenistan, all in Balkan Province: one each in Balkanabat, Hazar, and Bereket.  The Bereket plant is designed to produce 150 tonnes per year of iodine.  Following planned renovations and upgrades, the Balkanabat and Hazar plants will have design capacities of 250 tonnes and 300 tonnes of iodine, respectively, plus 2400 tonnes and 4500 tonnes of bromine, respectively, per year.  Total production of iodine in 2019 was 681.4 tonnes.

Transportation
The M37 highway begins at the Turkmenbashi International Seaport and leads eastward 1200 kilometers in the direction of Ashgabat, Mary, Türkmenabat, and the border with Uzbekistan. A network of paved roads connects major population centers, including the P-15, P-16, P-17, P-18, and P-20 highways. Passenger and car ferry service is available between the seaport in Turkmenbashy and Baku. A major airport is located in Turkmenbashy, and smaller airports are located in Balkanabat, Etrek, Garabogaz, Hazar, and Jebel. A military airfield is located at Ýangyja.

The Trans-Caspian Railway begins in Turkmenbashy and extends eastward to Uzbekistan via Ashgabat, Mary, and Turkmenabat.  The International North–South Transport Corridor passes through Balkan Province and intersects the Trans-Caspian Railway at Bereket, which features a large locomotive depot and repair works.

In addition to the seaport at Turkmenbashy, smaller vessel-loading facilities are found at Garabogaz (urea) and Gyýanly (polymers).  Turkmenbashi International Seaport operates oil-loading terminals at Alaja, Ekerem, and Kenar, and Dragon Oil loads oil at the port of Hazar.

See also
 Balkan newspaper
 Cave of Dzhebel
 Gyzylbaýyr
 Hojagala
 Jebel
 Ogurja Ada
 Türkmenbaşy Gulf
 Türkmenbaşy şäherçesi
 OpenStreetMap Wiki: Balkan Province
 OpenStreetMap Wiki: Districts in Turkmenistan

References

Links

 Tourism in Balkan Province

Regions of Turkmenistan

Balkan Region


Rotary Hrvatska, odnosno Rotary International Distrikt 1913, je dobrovoljna, samostalna i neprofitna organizacija Rotary klubova na području Hrvatske, koji su ujedno članovi Rotary Internationala.

Povijest

1929. – 1941.
Rotary pokret u Hrvatskoj pokrenut je još krajem 1920-ih. Prvi Rotary klub osnovan 15. veljače 1929. godine U Zagrebu je u Zagrebu. Svečanu inauguraciju izvršio je Josef Schulz, guverner Rotary distrikta za Čehoslovačku. Dana 6. ožujka 1929. godine, dan nakon osnivanja beogradskog Rotary kluba, u Hotelu Esplanade održan je službeni osnivački sastanak Rotary kluba Zagreb, kojemu je nazočilo 26 uglednika, uključujući i kipara Ivana Meštrovića, Branka Šenou, Franju Hanamana, Lava Kaldu, Marka Kostrenčića i ine. Svečani službeni čin osnivanja Rotary kluba Zagreb uručbom povelje dogodio se na Plitvičkim jezerima 28. lipnja 1929. u nazočnosti predstavnika rotarijanske zajednice iz više desetaka europskih država. Prvi predsjednik zagrebačkog Rotary kluba bio je Josip Mikuličić. Članstvo je brzo raslo, a osnivali su se i drugi rotarijanski klubovi, u Osijeku, Sušaku, Varaždinu, Splitu itd. Zagrebački rotarijanac Edo Marković bio je osnivač i guverner jugoslavenskog Rotary distrikta 77. Admiral Dragutin Prica bio je i predsjednik Rotary kluba Beograd 1931./32. godine.

Godine 1941. u Jugoslaviji i još pet europskih država zabranjuju se Rotary klubovi. Tijekom Drugoga svjetskoga rata i u komunističkoj Jugoslaviji rotarijanski pokret bio je zabranjen.

Od 1990.
Prvi klub osnovan u samostalnoj Hrvatskoj je Rotary klub Zagreb koji je 23. listopada 1990. godine uključen u svjetsku Rotary zajednicu. Prvi Hrvatski Rotary savez osnovan je 2004. godine.

Nakon više od 20 godina djelovanja hrvatskih klubova u okviru regionalnog Distrikta 1910, odlukom Rotary Internationala utemeljen je samostalni Distrikt 1913 koji podupire rad i razvoj klubova na području Hrvatske, u skladu s Rotary načelima i zakonodavstvom. Povelju Distrikta 1913 uručio je predsjednik Rotary Internationala Ray Klinginsmith prvome guverneru Distrikta 1913 Ivi Husiću na svečanosti koja se održala u Hrvatskome narodnom kazalištu u Zagrebu, 18. lipnja 2011. godine.

Početkom svibnja 2019. godine Distrikt 1913 Hrvatska je dobio službenu potvrdu službene (pravne i organizacijske) inkorporacije u Rotary International kao jedan od rijetkih Distrikta u Europi.

Ustroj

Regije i klubovi
Rotary klubovi u Hrvatskoj su podijeljeni u šest regija, i to: Dalmacija, Istra i Kvarner, Sjeverozapadna Hrvatska, Slavonija, Središnja Hrvatska, Zagreb i okolica.

Popis guvernera Distrikta
Hrvatskom Rotary organizacijom od uspostavljanja distrikta 2011. godine upravlja guverner koji se bira na jednogodišnji mandat.

Dosadašnji guverneri su:

 2011./12. – Ivan Husić
 2012./13. – Duško Čorak
 2013./14. – Nikola Bilandžija
 2014./15. – Tomislav Maravić
 2015./16. – Marijan Bulat
 2016./17. – Goran Račić
 2017./18. – Dubravko Kušeta
 2018./19. – Darko Tipurić
 2019./20. – Danijel Jozić
 2020./21. – Hrvoje Kenfelj
 2021./22. – Ljiljana Trstenjak
 2022./23. – Ivan Miškulin
 2023./24. – Sunčica Bulat Würsching

Poznati Rotaryjanci

 Darko Tipurić, sveučilišni profesor
 Ivan Meštrović, kipar, arhitekt i književnik.
 Branimir Šenoa, slikar, grafičar i povjesničar umjetnosti
 Franjo Hanaman, kemičar i metalurg, izumitelj prve ekonomične električne žarulje s metalnom niti
 Lav Kalda, arhitekt
 Marko Kostrenčić, pravnik, povjesničar i političar
 Davor Štern, naftni stručnjak i bivši ministar
 Dragutin Prica, admiral ratne mornarice
 Relja Bašić, glumac i redatelj
 Jadranko Crnić, pravnik, prvi predsjednik Ustavnog suda
 Dubravko Šimenc, bivši vaterpolist
 Gordan Kožulj, konzultant i bivši plivač
 Siniša Varga, stomatolog, političar, ministar zdravlja u XII. Vladi Republike Hrvatske
 Otto Barić, nogometni trener
 Mladen Vedriš, gospodarstvenik i ekonomski stručnjak, bivši političar, potpredsjednik vlade u IV. Vladi Republike Hrvatske
 Tomislav Paškvalin, poduzetnik i bivši vaterpolist
 Željko Jerkov, bivši košarkaš
 Boris Ljubičić, dizajner
 Marko Sapunar, novinar i pisac
 Hido Biščević,  novinar i diplomat, bivši veleposlanik u Turskoj i Rusiji
 Krešimir Bubalo, političar, bivši gradonačelnik Osijeka
 Stjepan Šafran, obrtnik i poduzetnik
 Daniel Srb, političar
 Ivo Josipović, pravnik, sveučilišni profesor, skladatelj i političar, III. predsjednik Republike Hrvatske
 Radimir Čačić, gospodarstvenik i političar, potpredsjednik vlade u XII. Vladi Republike Hrvatske
 Mladen Bajić, pravnik, bivši glavni državni odvjetnik
 Milan Bandić, političar, gradonačelnik Zagreba
 Goran Merčep, saksofonist

Vidi još
 JCI Hrvatska
 Lions Hrvatska

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena stranica
 Stranica na Facebooku

Hrvatske udruge

Rotary Hrvatska


Şaolin Futbolu, Hong Konglu tanınmış komedyen, oyuncu ve yönetmen Stephen Chow tarafından yönetilmiş, 2001 yılı yapımı bir komedi filmidir.

Oyuncu kadrosu

Konu özeti
Film, ustası olduğu Şaolin Kung Fu'nun nimetlerini dünyaya anlatmayı kendisine görev edinmiş Sing'in (Stephen Chow) hikâyesini anlatır. Sing, günlük yaşamında karşılaştığı kişilere çeşitli Şaolin Kung Fu teknikleri üzerinden tavsiyelerde bulunarak ve bazen de bu görüşlerini komik şarkılar ve danslarla süsleyerek, bu eski dövüş sanatını yaygınlaştırabilmek için uğraş vermektedir. Bir gün karşılaştığı futbol koçu Fung (Ng Man Tat) ise Sing'e yeteneklerini futbol ile harmanlaması fikrini verir. Böylece, Sing'in Şaolin kardeşi ve Şaolin öğrencisi olan arkadaşlarını da yanlarına alan Sing ve Fung, yenilmez bir futbol takımı oluşturmak üzere işe koyulurlar. Turnuvada üst üste başarılı sonuçlar alarak hem halkın ilgisini çekerler hem de finale kadar yükselerek koç Fung'un futbol hayatını söndüren kişiden intikam alma fırsatını da yakalarlar.

İlginç bilgiler
 Hong Kong'da gösterime girdikten sonra burada 66 milyon Hong Kong Doları tutarında gelir elde edince, film Hong Kong tarihinin en çok gişe geliri elde eden filmi olmuştur. Ancak, Stephen Chow'un bir sonraki filmi olan ve 2004'te çektiği Kung Fu Hustleın gösterime girmesi ile bu unvanını yitirmiştir.
 Film, Hong Kong'da gösterime girmeden önce onay (sertifikasyon) almayı beklemediği için, Çin'de yasaklanmıştır.
 Stephen Chow, Kaptan Tsubasa isimli anime televizyon dizisinden esinlenerek bu filmi çektiğini belirtmiştir.
 Filmin Kuzey Amerika'daki gösterim haklarını alan Miramax şirketi filmi uzun süre gösterime sokmamıştır. Bu sırada, Hong Kong sineması hayranlarının ithal edilmiş DVD'leri satın alması, filmin korsan kopyasının sokakta ve internette yaygın olarak bulunabilmesi ile film Kuzey Amerika'da yaygın bir izleyici ve hayran kitlesine kavuşmuştur. Miramax, filmin 20 dakikadan fazlasının kesildiği ve İngilizce seslendirildiği bir sürümünü 2 Nisan 2004'te nihayet gösterime soktuğundaysa, bahsi geçen nedenlerle, bu sürüm gişede ciddi başarısızlık yaşamıştır. Böylece Miramax, kestiği bölümleri ve orijinal Çince seslendirmeyi filmin ABD'deki DVD sürümüne kullanıcı seçenekleri olarak eklemek zorunda kalmıştır.
 Filmin süresinin değişkenliği: Orijinal süresi 113 dakika olan filmin Hong Kong'da yayınlanan DVD'sindeki süresi 102 dakika, Miramax'ın Nisan 2004'te Kuzey Amerika sinemalarına İngilizce seslendirmeli olarak çıkardığı sürüm ise 89 dakikadır (IMDb ). Miramax'ın Ağustos 2004'te piyasaya çıkardığı 1 bölge kodlu DVD ise hem filmin orijinalini, hem de 89 dakikalık sürümünü içerir (Amazon.com).
 Şaolin Futbolu'''nda pek çok başka filme parodi yoluyla gönderme yapılmaktadır; bunların bir kısmı şöyle sıralanabilir:
 Filmin jeneriğinin ilk başında, Stanley Kubrick'in 2001: Bir Uzay Destanı filmine açık bir gönderme yapılarak, ön plandaki dünyanın arkasından kel bir insan kafasının, onun arkasından bir futbol topunun ve onun arkasından da güneşin doğuşu gösterilir.
 Sing'in "muazzam çelik bacak"ının becerilerini kullanarak bir sokak çetesi ile mücadele ettiği bölümde ve filmin son bölümündeki Shaolin Takımı ile Kötülük Takımı'nın final maçı sırasında, özellikle Matriks filmindeki kullanımı ile çok dikkat toplamış olan kurşun zamanı tekniği ile yapılmış çekimlere sık yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca, yine Matriks serisinin filmlerinde kullanılmış ve büyük beğeni toplamış başka özel efektlere, özellikle final maçı bölümünde olmak üzere, sıkça yer verilmiştir (örn., yere inen büyük bir darbe ile yer yüzeyinde dairesel şok dalgası yayılımı gibi).
 Şaolin Takımı'nın ilk antrenmanlarının gösterildiği bölümde yer alan ve bir sıranın üzerine konmuş plastik bardağın içindeki suda gelişen dairesel titreşimler, Jurassic Park filmindeki benzer bir görüntüyü anımsatmaktadır.
 Filmde dövüş sanatlarını konu edinen çeşitli başka filmlere de bolca gönderme bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan en belirgini, Şaolin Takımı'nın kaleciliğini yapan Yıldırım El'in Bruce Lee'ye olan benzerliği üzerinden yapılan göndermelerdir: yüz olarak Bruce Lee'ye çok benzemesinin ötesinde, Yıldırım El aynen Bruce Lee'ninki gibi bir saç kesimine sahiptir; maçlara Bruce Lee'nin Ölüm Oyunu (1978) filminde giydiği sarı kıyafetin aynısı ile çıkmaktadır; final maçı sırasında yaralanması üzerine sahadan sedyeyle taşınışı sırasında hem Bruce Lee'nin sıklıkla kullandığı geniş camlı güneş gözlüklerinden takar, hem de sedyenin üzerinde Bruce Lee'nin Hong Kong'daki cenazesi sırasında tabuttaki yatışı gibi yatar.

 Filmin bir bölümündeki rolü gerektirdiği için kafasının ustura ile tıraş edilmiş gibi gözükmesi gereken Zhao Wei (T'ai Chi Kung Fu ustası Mui rolünde), bu etkinin sağlanabilmesi için günde 8-10 saat sürelerle makyaj sandalyesinde oturmak zorunda kalmıştır.
 Filmin açılış bölümünde, genç Fung'un gol kaçırmasının ardından skor tabelası gösterilir ve burada filmi yapımcı ve dağıtımcı şirketlerine gönderme yapılarak, takımların sırası ile Universe ve The Star olduğu gösterilir.
 Puma'nın logosu ve sembolü hemen her sahnede kullanılmıştır: her rakip takım Puma marka formalar giymektedir; Shaolin Takımı'nın üyeleri Puma ayakkabılar kullanmaktadır; bir sahnede, bir şut sonrasında kaleye yönelen top önce bir ateş topuna, sonra da alev saçan bir pumaya dönüşür.
 Stephen Chow, bir sonraki filmi Kung Fu Hustleda, Şaolin Futbolu'' için bir devam filminin yapılıp yapılmayacağına dair görüşünü belli eden bir sahneye yer verir: bu filmdeki ilk sahnesinde Chow, ayağına gelen bir futbol topu ile birkaç hareket yaptıktan sonra, topun üstüne basarak patlatır ve "Artık futbol yok!" diye bağırır.

Ödüller
21. Geleneksel Hong Kong Film Ödülleri
 Kazandıkları
 En İyi Film
 En İyi Yönetmen (Stephen Chow)
 En İyi Erkek Oyuncu (Stephen Chow)
 En İyi Yardımcı Erkek Oyuncu (Wong Yat-Fei)
 En İyi Ses Efekti
 En İyi Görsel Efekt
 Öne Çıkan Genç Yönetmen (Stephen Chow)
 Adaylıkları
 En İyi Aksiyon Koreografisi
 En İyi Sinematografi
 En İyi Kostüm Tasarımı
 En İyi Montaj
 En İyi Senaryo
 En İyi Orijinal Film Müziği
 En İyi Orijinal Şarkı

8. Geleneksel Hong Kong Film Eleştirmenleri Kurumu Ödülleri
 En İyi Film

Kaynakça
 Wikipedia'da Shaolin soccer : bu makalenin yazılmasında başvurulan temel kaynak
 Beyazperde.com'da Shaolin Soccer
 Ideefixe'de Shaolin Futbolu
 Internet Movie Database'de Siu lam juk kau

Dış bağlantılar
 Miramax'da Shaolin Soccer
 Apple.com'daki fragman
 Internet Movie Poster Awards'daki posterler

Hong Kong filmleri
Stephen Chow'un yönettiği filmler
Futbolla ilgili filmler
2000'lerde aksiyon komedi filmleri
2001 çıkışlı komedi filmleri

Şaolin Futbolu


Planned Parenthood, službenim nazivom Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. (PPFA), američka je organizacija za planiranje obitelji, nadležna izvršavanje pobačaja u SAD-u, te, preko svojih tvrtki kćeri, i u nekim državama Europe i svijeta. Članica je društva International Planned Parenthood Federation.

U SAD-u drži više od 650 podružnica, u kojima provodi reproduktivne zdravstvene usluge, uglavnom pobačaj. Među ostalim uslugama ističu se seksualno obrazovanje i borba za tzv. reproduktivna prava. Prema godišnjem izvješću iz 2014. godine, PPFA je uslužila 2,5 milijuna pacijenata pruživši 9 milijuna zdravstvenih usluga, od čega 324.000 pobačaja.

Iako se vodi neprofitnom organizacijom, godišnje iz proračuna Vlade SAD-a dobije oko 530 milijuna USD-a, uglavnom preko državnog programa Medicaid te ostvaruje prihod od 1-1,5 milijarde USD-a. Također, uživa snažnu financijsku i javnu potporu feminističkih, LGBT i liberalnih organizacija, kao i političara, poput Hillary Clinton.

Povijest

Organizaciju je 16. listopada 1916. osnovala Margaret Sanger, koja je sa sestrom Ethel Byrne i aktivisticom Faniom Mindell otvorila prvu "kliniku za kontrolu rađanja" u SAD-u, kao ishod Pokreta za kontrolu rađanja (engl. Birth control movement). Prva klinika otvorena je u njujorškoj četvrti Brooklyn. Prema tadašnjem zakonu (Comstock Act) bilo je zabranjeno posjedovanje erotike, prezervativa, abortifacijenta, seksualnih igračaka ili širenja bilo kakvih informacija o navedenom, zbog čega su radnice klinike uhićene i pritvorene. Nakon pravne presude u korist Sanger, izmijenjen je zakon kojim je dopštena kontrola rađanja i politika planiranja obitelji u SAD-u.

Godine 1921. klinika postaje dio mreže Američke lige za kontrolu rađanja (engl. American Birth Control League) i to ime nosi do 1942. kada dobiva današnji naziv. Tijekom prvih 20 godina, na području SAD.a otvorene su 222 klinike i usluženo 49.000 pacijenata. Ime je promijenjeno nakon primjedbi brojnih građana koji su smatrali ime "protuobiteljskim" i "napadnim", zbog čega su čanovi Lige vodili žestoke rasprave, ali ime je na svršetku promijenjeno.

PPFA bila je jedna od osnivačica organizacije International Planned Parenthood Federation na osnivačkoj konferenciji u Bombaju 1952. godine. Stranger se u posljednjim godinama predsjedništva zalagala za dostupnost kontrole rađanja, ali i pobačaja, koji je tada još uvijek bio protuzakonit.

Izvori

Organizacije u SAD-u

Planned Parenthood


Weddad es una película del año 1936.

Sinopsis
Un rico mercader se ve obligado a vender a su esclava, de la que está locamente enamorado, cuando pierde su fortuna. Pero el destino quiere que los dos amantes se reencuentren. Weddad, un cuento románico inspirado en Las mil y una noches, fue la mayor producción de la época. Este clásico del género musical supuso el debut cinematográfico de la celebérrima Umm Kalzum. El éxito de la película aseguró la supremacía de los Estudios Misr en la industria egipcia.

Referencias

Películas de Egipto

Weddad


Le sinus sphéno-pariétal (ou sinus de Breschet ou sinus de la petite aile) fait partie des sinus de la dure-mère pairs qui drainent le sang encéphalique vers les veines jugulaires internes.

Trajet
Le sinus sphéno-pariétal suit le bord postérieur de la petite aile de l'os sphénoïde.

Il se poursuit par le sinus caverneux.

Zone de drainage
Le sinus sphéno-pariétal draine la veine cérébrale moyenne superficielle, la veine diploïque temporale antérieure vers le sinus caverneux.

Notes et références

Veine de la tête et du cou
Crâne

Sinus sphéno-pariétal


Celosieae, tribus štirovki, dio potporodice Amaranthoideae kojemu pripada pet rodova.

Tipični rod je Celosia sa 43 vrsta jednogodišnjeg raslinja i trajnica iz Afrike, dijelova Azije (Indija, Arapski poluotok) i Južne i Srednje Amerike.

Rodovi i broj vrsta
 Deeringia R. Br. (10 spp.)
 Pleuropetalum Hook. fil. (3 spp.)
 Henonia Moq. (1 sp.)
 Celosia L. (43 spp.)
 Hermbstaedtia Rchb. (15 spp.)

Izvori

Amaranthoideae

Celosieae


João Batista Corrêa da Silva (Novo Horizonte, 5 de fevereiro de 1949) é um geofísico, pesquisador e professor universitário brasileiro.

Comendador da Ordem Nacional do Mérito Científico e membro titular da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, João é professor titular do Departamento de Geofísica da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

Biografia
João nasceu na cidade paulista de Novo Horizonte. Completou o ensino médio no Colégio Pedro II, no Rio de Janeiro em 1968. Em 1972, formou-se em Geologia pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Em 1976, defendeu o mestrado em geofísica pela Universidade Federal do Pará, sob a orientação do professor José Seixas Lourenço. Obteve o doutorado em geofísica pela Universidade de Utah, em 1982.

Apresentou 46 trabalhos em congressos científicos nacionais e internacionais, 37 artigos em periódicos científicos internacionais e 2 em periódicos nacionais e é autor do livro A Dissertação Clara e Organizada (2007). Foi editor associado da revista Geophysics, de 1999 a 2005. É membro da Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica e da Society of Exploration Geophysicists.

Suas linhas de pesquisa atuais são sobre aplicações da Teoria da Inversão na interpretação geofísica e desenvolvimento de softwares interativos em ambiente amigável para a interpretação geofísica.

Naturais de Novo Horizonte
Cientistas do Brasil
Geofísicos do Brasil
Professores da Universidade Federal do Pará
Membros da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

João Batista Corrêa da Silva


Der Grammy Award for Best Rap Song, auf deutsch "Grammy-Award für das beste Rap-Lied", ist ein Musikpreis, der bei den jährlich stattfindenden Grammy Awards verliehen wird. Ausgezeichnet werden Songwriter für herausragende Songs, auf denen gerappt wird, also vornehmlich Lieder aus dem Genre der Hip-Hop-Musik.

Hintergrund und Geschichte
Die seit 1958 verliehenen Grammy Awards (eigentlich Grammophone Awards) werden jährlich in zahlreichen Kategorien von der National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS) in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika vergeben, um künstlerische Leistung, technische Kompetenz und hervorragende Gesamtleistung ohne Rücksicht auf die Albumverkäufe oder Chartposition zu ehren.

Der Grammy Award for Best Rap Song wurde zur Würdigung der Songwriter im Jahr 2004 eingeführt. Entsprechend der Kategorienbeschreibung wird der Preis an Songwriter sowohl der Texte wie auch der Musik für Lieder vergeben, die neu aufgenommen wurden oder im Auszeichnungszeitraum bekannt wurden. Songs mit bekannten Samplings können ebenfalls ausgezeichnet werden.

Die ersten ausgezeichneten Songwriter waren Eminem gemeinsam mit Jeff Bass und Luis Resto für den Song Lose Yourself von dem Soundtrack-Album des  Films 8 Mile. Kanye West wurde insgesamt sieben Mal mit diesem Preis ausgezeichnet und insgesamt 16 Mal nominiert. Er ist damit der am häufigsten ausgezeichnete Songwriter. Shawn Carter, bekannt unter seinem Künstlernamen Jay-Z, wurde fünf Mal ausgezeichnet und 14 Mal nominiert. T.I. (aka Clifford Harris) wurde vier Mal nominiert, konnte den Preis allerdings nie gewinnen und ist damit der Songwriter mit den meisten Nominierungen ohne Auszeichnung in dieser Kategorie. (Stand: 2022)

Gewinner und nominierte Künstler

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website der Grammy Awards

Einzelnachweise

Rap Song
Rap
Erstverleihung 2004

Grammy Award for Best Rap Song