Erepsija (lat. Erepsia), rod grmova iz južnoafričke Republike pronađenih uglsavnom u provinciji Western Cape. Oko 30 vrsta, tipična je E. inclaudens (Haw.) Schwantes.

Kensicija je nekada uključivana u samostalni rod.

Vrste

 Erepsia anceps (Haw.) Schwantes
 Erepsia aperta L.Bolus
 Erepsia aristata (L.Bolus) Liede & H.E.K.Hartmann
 Erepsia aspera (Haw.) L.Bolus
 Erepsia babiloniae Liede
 Erepsia bracteata (Aiton) Schwantes
 Erepsia brevipetala L.Bolus
 Erepsia × caledonica L.Bolus
 Erepsia distans L.Bolus
 Erepsia dubia Liede
 Erepsia dunensis (Sond.) Klak
 Erepsia esterhuyseniae L.Bolus
 Erepsia forficata (L.) Schwantes
 Erepsia gracilis (Haw.) L.Bolus
 Erepsia hallii L.Bolus
 Erepsia heteropetala (Haw.) Schwantes
 Erepsia inclaudens (Haw.) Schwantes
 Erepsia insignis (Schltr.) Schwantes
 Erepsia lacera (Haw.) Liede
 Erepsia oxysepala (Schltr.) L.Bolus
 Erepsia patula (Haw.) Schwantes
 Erepsia pentagona (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
 Erepsia pillansii (Kensit) Liede
 Erepsia polita (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
 Erepsia polypetala (A.Berger & Schltr.) L.Bolus
 Erepsia promontorii L.Bolus
 Erepsia ramosa L.Bolus
 Erepsia saturata L.Bolus
 Erepsia simulans (L.Bolus) Klak
 Erepsia steytlerae L.Bolus
 Erepsia urbaniana (Schltr.) Schwantes
 Erepsia villiersii L.Bolus

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Ruschioideae

Erepsija


الفلاش  هو أداة تستعمل في التصوير وهو يطلق وميض اصطناعي فوري ليساعد في إضاءة المنظر، ومصطلح الفلاش يمكن أن يشير إلى ضوء الفلاش نفسه أو إلى مصباح الفلاش الذي ينبعث منه الضوء.

الفلاش الإلكتروني
الفلاش الإلكتروني هو النوع الموجود اليوم في معظم الكاميرات، وهو عبارة عن أنبوب مملوء بغاز الزينون، حيث يصل له كهرباء بفولت عالي لكي يولد قوس كهربي (زمنه القياسي 1/1000 من الثانية) ويوجد عده أنواع من الفلاش الإلكتروني وهي :
 فلاش داخلي: وهو الذي يكون مركب في الكاميرا ومعظمها يعتبر محدود المجال، الذي هو عادة من حوالي 0.5 متر إلى مترين. وتجدر الإشارة إلى أن استخدام الفلاش يؤدي إلى استهلاك أسرع لبطارية الكامير.
 فلاش خارجي: وهو يكون منفصل عن الكاميرا ويمكن أن يركب فيها بمنفذ (يسمى بفردة الحذاء الساخنة hotshoe) وهو يكون في الكاميرات الأكثر تطورا، ويعتبر الفلاش الخارجي أفضل من الفلاش الداخلي في حالات معينة، نظراً لأنه يغطي بضوئه مسافات أطول بكثير، ويتحكم باتجاه ضوء الفلاش.
 فلاش آلي: وهو يقوم بإطلاق ضوء الفلاش عند الحاجة إلى ضوء إضافي فقط. وتتحدد هذه الحاجة من قبل حساس الضوء الموجود ضمن الكاميرا أوتوماتيكيا، والذي يقوم بقراءة موضوع التصوير. وعندما تكون البيئة الخارجية ذات إنارة كافية، فإن الفلاش لا يطلق ضوءه. وتجدر الإشارة إلى أن الفلاش لا يمكنه أن يتحسس الأوضاع المنارة من الخلف.
 فلاش يدوي: وهو الذي يجب ظبته يدويا قبل التصوير على أساس سرعة الفيلم وفتحة العدسة وموضوع التصوير.لمبات الفلاش القديمة :

هي لمبات معدة لتعطي وميضا واحدا ثم تحترق، وهي عبارة عن كرة زجاجية يوجد بها فتيل صغير من التنجستن محاط بكمية من مادة سريعة الأشتعال وحولها شعيرات من المغنيزيوم في جو من الأكسجين، وعند وصول الكهرباء إلى فتيل التنجستن يتوهج فيشعل المادة سريعة الاشتعال فيشعل الماغنسيوم ويحدث الوميض.

انظر أيضاً
 مسحوق الفلاش
 عاكس

المراجع

إضاءة التصوير
تجهيزات التصوير الضوئي
مصادر الضوء

فلاش (تصوير)


جزيرة الدب أو جزيرة تنينتي غونزاليس هي جزيرة صخرية واقعة ميلا واحدا غرب جزيرة ستونينغتون في خليج مارغريت، قبالة ساحل أرض غراهام.

جزيرة الدب تقع في كانت جزيرة معروفة في البعثة البريطانية لأرض غراهام (BGLE) (1934-1937) بعثة برنامج الولايات المتحدة في أنتاركتيكا (USAS) (1939-1941) ، و كلتاهما مقرها في منطقة جزيرة ستونينغتون.

جزيرة الدب جرى مسحها في عام 1947 من طرف مسح جزر فوكلاند (FIDS) ، الذي أطلق عليها اسم دب يو س س ، سفينة برنامج الولايات المتحدة في أنتاركتيكا (USAS) التي زارت هذه المنطقة في عام 1940.

مراجع

جزر أرض غراهام

جزيرة الدب (أنتاركتيكا)


Ružomberok (; ; ; ) is a town in northern Slovakia, in the historical Liptov region.  It has a population of around 27,000 inhabitants (45,000-57,000 with nearby villages).

Etymology
The name of the initial settlement located on today's Makovický street was Revúca (Slovak "roaring", derived from the Revúca river).  In its neighborhood, German colonists build a new settlement Rosenberg named after wild roses growing in the area. This name was later adopted by Slovaks as Ružomberok.

Geography

It is situated at the westernmost reaches of the Sub-Tatra Basin, more exactly its subdivision Liptov Basin, surrounded by the mountain ranges of Chočské vrchy, Greater Fatra and Low Tatras. Rivers flowing through the town are Váh, from east to west, Revúca, a left tributary from the south, on the way to Banská Bystrica and Likavka brook from the north, on the way to Dolný Kubín. The town is located around 65 km from Žilina, 190 km from Košice and 260 km from Bratislava (by road). Besides the main settlement, it also has "city parts" of Biely Potok, Černová, Hrboltová and Vlkolínec.

Climate
The climate is moderate, varies from hot in summer, to very cold in winter. There are four distinct seasons: spring (wet, moderate warm), summer (hot, very wet), autumn (dry) and winter (very cold). Ružomberok is located in the rain shadow of the mountain ranges of Greater Fatra and Chočské vrchy. Total annual precipitation is 727 mm. Annual average of days with snow cover is 68. The highest snow cover ever recorded was 92 cm. Extreme temperatures: high:  (2007), low:  (1949, 1986).

History
In 1233, King Andrew II of Hungary granted the land Revúca (terra Reuche) to his servant Hudko (Hudkonth, in the deed of confirmation Hudko). Hudko, his son Miloslav (Mylozou) and his offspring cultivated the land where the Slovak village Revúca had been founded in the 13th century. Before the 1320s, Germans founded a new settlement, Rosenberg (possesio Rozumberg), right on the hill near the older village. In 1329, Revúca became a part of Ružomberok and received a new name Podhora (Sub Monte).

In 1340, Charles I of Hungary confirmed the town rights: burgesses and "guests" (German colonists) had the same rights as in Ľupča (now Partizánska Ľupča). The extent of previous rights is not completely clear. Ružomberok allegedly had the similar rights since 1318, but the charter preserved only in copy could be fake. The Germans had had a dominant position probably until 1431 when many rich families left the town under the pressure of the Hussites. The town council was then controlled by Slovaks, and during the 15th century, the town was Slovakised.

In the 19th century, the town was one of the centres of the Slovak national movement. It slowly became one of the industrial and financial centres of the Kingdom of Hungary, particularly after the Kassa Oderberg Railway was completed in 1871, when many new factories emerged: paper and pulpwood works but also brick works (1871) and the textile industry.

In 1907, in Černová, which was rather a street than part of the town, had an event known as the Černová tragedy.

After the break-up of Austria-Hungary in 1918, Ružomberok became a part of Czechoslovakia. However, when Czechoslovakia was broken up in 1939, it was incorporated into the First Slovak Republic and was a capital of one of the counties, Tatra County (Tatranská župa). On 5 April 1945, Ružomberok was captured by troops of the I Czechoslovak Army Corps, acting as a part of the Soviet 4th Ukrainian Front. Ružomberok became again part of Czechoslovakia, and after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, it became part of Slovakia. In 1995, Ruzomberok became a district town.

Demographics
According to the 2001 census, the town had 30,417 inhabitants. 96.64% of inhabitants were Slovaks, 0.95% Roma and 0.87% Czech. The religious make-up was 75.47% Roman Catholics, 14.65% people with no religious affiliation, and 5.46% Lutherans.

More recent census results from 2021 show the number of inhabitants has decreased to 27,407, with the Slovak, Czech, and Roma populations decreasing to 92.23%, 0.47%, and 0.33% respectively. Furthermore, the percentage of Roman Catholics has decreased to 62.37%, whereas the number of people with no religious affiliation has increased to 23.09%.

Industry and commerce
Ružomberok was famous in the 20th century as an industrial town. The resulting pollution has remained one of the biggest challenges facing the town. It had the biggest cotton mill in Slovakia - BZVIL or Texicom - and still has one of the biggest Slovak exporter businesses - Mondi SCP, formerly known as SCP - Severoslovenske celulozky a papierne. Texicom went bankrupt in 2006. Mondi SCP is a paper and pulp factory and is the biggest employer in the Ruzomberok district and the Liptov region. The town also has a brick factory located in the south.

Ružomberok is nowadays also considered as a good shopping town, with almost all supermarket brands. These include Billa, Tesco, Lidl, Kaufland, Jednota, Hypernova, Verex and Kinekus. Aupark and Aldi are also planned.

Schools
Apart from its numerous primary and secondary school, the town also has 2 grammar schools and 2 universities. The Catholic University is based in Ružomberok and the University of Žilina has a branch in the town. From September 2007 it is not possible to study at detached workplace of University of Žilina.

Landmarks and culture

The centre of the town is located at the Andrej Hlinka Square (Námestie Andreja Hlinku). Among the sights in or around the square are the Roman Catholic Church of St. Andrew, first mentioned in 1318 and originally built as a Gothic, but now is in a Renaissance-Baroque style; town hall, built in 1895 in the neo-Baroque style and the church and monastery of the Holy Cross (built 1806 and 1730 respectively).

Cultural institutions in the towns include the Liptov Museum, established in 1912 which also has exhibitions outside the town. These include the Likava Castle, which is just outside the town in the Likavka village; and the Museum of the Liptov Village in Pribylina.

The Ľudovít Fulla Gallery is a branch of the Slovak National Gallery and is dedicated to Fulla's works of art. The gallery is also a place for the regular series of concerts, called 'Hudba u Fullu' (Music at Fulla). In the recent years, the programme of the series has included works by composers such as Vladimír Godár, Peter Machajdík, Arvo Pärt, Philip Glass, Valentin Silvestrov, Gavin Bryars, and many others. From November 2–4, 2017 the Ľudovít Fulla Gallery hosted the international sound art and multimedia festival Sound Art vs. Multimedia.

The town also has the only scout museum in Slovakia.

Other sights within the town include the Evangelic church from 1923 to 1926, a historic building of the railway station from 1871, now protected as a national historic monument; Calvary above the town in the Classicist style, built in 1858; synagogue from 1880; and the church in Černová, where the tragedy in 1907 happened.

Attractions in the surroundings include the Čebrať mountain (1,054 m), Vlkolínec village, inscribed in 1993 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site list, and the skiing area of Malinô Brdo (also called Malinné).

Sport
The women's basketball team MBK Ružomberok is the most successful Slovak basketball team in the history with 2 EuroLeague Women victories. Ružomberok also has a successful football team, MFK Ružomberok, playing the highest division of the Slovak League - Slovak Superliga. In 2006, it won the Corgoň liga and also the Slovak FA Cup.

Famous people
Ľudovít Fulla, painter, graphic artist, illustrator, stage designer and art teacher
Dušan Galis, football coach and former football player
Andrej Hlinka, politician, priest, and activist
Peter Lorre (László Löwenstein), Hollywood actor
Elo Romančík, actor
Dárius Rusnák, ice hockey player
Karol Sidor, politician and journalist
Jozef Vengloš, former footballer, manager, and FIFA football expert

Twin towns — sister cities

Ružomberok is twinned with:

 Bački Petrovac, Serbia
 Gospić, Croatia
 Děčín, Czech Republic
 Hlučín, Czech Republic
 Kroměříž, Czech Republic
 Prague 6, Czech Republic

See also
Černová tragedy
Vlkolínec
Catholic University in Ružomberok
MFK Ružomberok
MBK Ružomberok

Gallery

References

External links
 Official website
 Local newspaper of Ružomberok
 City TV Ružomberok
 Cultural House of Andrej Hlinka

Cities and towns in Slovakia

Ružomberok


Clydebank () is a town in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. Situated on the north bank of the River Clyde, it borders the village of Old Kilpatrick (with Bowling and Milton beyond) to the west, and the Yoker and Drumchapel areas of the adjacent City of Glasgow immediately to the east. Depending on the definition of the town's boundaries, the suburban areas of Duntocher, Faifley and Hardgate either surround Clydebank to the north, or are its northern outskirts, with the Kilpatrick Hills beyond.

Historically part of Dunbartonshire and founded as a police burgh on 18 November 1886, Clydebank is part of the registration County of Dumbarton, the Dunbartonshire Crown Lieutenancy area, and the wider urban area of Greater Glasgow.

History

Early origins
Clydebank is located within the historical boundaries of the ancient Kingdom of Strathclyde, the Mormaerdom of Lennox, and the parish of Old Kilpatrick (12th century), on the north bank of the River Clyde. A long-standing local legend is that the village of Old Kilpatrick derived its name from being the birthplace of Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.

The town encompasses part of the Antonine Wall, including, at Hardgate/Duntocher, the site of one of the forts built at regular intervals along the wall. In 2008, the Antonine Wall was designated as a World Heritage Site, as part of a multinational Heritage Site encompassing the borders of the Roman Empire.

Before 1870, the area which later became Clydebank was largely rural, and agricultural. It consisted of some villages (Kilbowie, Drumry, Hardgate, Faifley, Duntocher, Dalmuir, Old Kilpatrick), farms and estates (Dalnotter House, Mountblow House, Dalmuir House, Auchentoshan House, Park Hall, Boquhanran House, and West Barns of Clyde), with some small scale mining operations (coal, limestone and whinstone), several paper and cotton mills and some small boatbuilding yards.

Industrial development

At the start of the 1870s, however, the growing trade and industry in Glasgow resulted in the Clyde Navigation Trustees needing additional space for shipping quays in Glasgow. They used their statutory powers to compulsorily purchase the area occupied by the Clyde Bank Iron Shipyard in Govan, which belonged to J & G Thomson. Forced to find another site for their shipyard, J & G Thomson looked at various sites further down the River Clyde, and eventually purchased, from the estates of Miss Hamilton of Cochno, some suitably flat land on the "West Barns o'Clyde" on the north bank of the river, opposite the point where the River Cart flows into the River Clyde. The land was situated close to the Forth and Clyde Canal and to the main road running west out of Glasgow to Dumbarton, and so was conveniently positioned for transporting materials and workers to and from the shipyard. The position opposite the mouth of the River Cart was to prove important as the shipyard grew, since it enabled the company to build much bigger, heavier ships than would otherwise have been possible farther up the Clyde. Construction of the new shipyard started on 1 May 1871.

Initially, the company transported workers to and from the shipyard by paddle steamer (passenger steamers were commonly used by people to travel up and down the Clyde well into the second half of the 20th century). However, having to ship workers to and fro all the time was not ideal, so the company also started building blocks of tenement flats to house the workers. These first blocks of housing became known unofficially as "Tamson's (Thomson's) Buildings", after the name of the company.

Gradually, as the shipyard grew, so did the cluster of buildings grow nearby. More houses, a school, a large shed which served as canteen, community hall and church (known as the "Tarry Kirk"), then finally two proper churches in 1876 and 1877. As the resident population grew, so did the needs and problems associated with a growing population. Other manufacturers and employers moved into the area, and by 1880 approximately 2,000 men were living and working there.

In 1882 a railway line was built running from Glasgow out to the new shipyard (the Glasgow, Yoker and Clydebank Railway). This was followed by the Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway during the 1890s. Then, between 1882 and 1884, the Singer Manufacturing Company built a massive sewing machine factory in Kilbowie, less than  north of the Clyde Bank shipyard. More people moved into the area, and finally, in 1886, the local populace petitioned for the creation of a police burgh, on the basis that the area now qualified as a "populous place". The petition was granted, and the new town was named after the shipyard which had given birth to it – Clydebank.

Clydebank blitz
On 13 and 14 March 1941, Luftwaffe bombers attacked various targets in and around Clydebank. In what became known as the Clydebank Blitz, the town was seriously damaged as were the local shipyards, the Dalnottar Royal Navy oil depot and the Singer's Sewing Machine factory. Over the two days 528 civilians were killed and over 617 people were seriously injured.

Governance and politics
Clydebank is in West Dunbartonshire, one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. West Dunbartonshire Council, the unitary local authority, is based in Dumbarton,  to the northwest, although Clydebank is the largest town in the council area. For local electoral purposes, West Dunbartonshire is split into wards electing either three or four councillors. The Clydebank Waterfront ward broadly covers the area between the River Clyde and the Forth and Clyde Canal, including the town centre, Whitecrook and part of Dalmuir; it also includes neighbouring Old Kilpatrick. The Clydebank Central ward includes Kilbowie, Linnvale, Radnor Park, Parkhall and the northern part of Dalmuir.

West Dunbartonshire is also divided into community council areas: those covering Clydebank include Dalmuir and Mountblow; Parkhall, North Kilbowie and Central; Linnvale and Drumry; and Clydebank East. The area that is now Clydebank was once in the territory of the Kingdom of Strathclyde and has been part of the historic county of Dunbartonshire since medieval times. From 1890 onwards, Dunbartonshire was an area of local government administered by a county council. Although Dunbartonshire ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975, it continues to exist as both a Lieutenancy area and registration county. Clydebank is also within the ancient parish of Old Kilpatrick. The town became a burgh in 1886; as such, it exercised most local government functions independently of the county council. Following the abolition of administrative counties in 1975, a new Clydebank District was created within Strathclyde Region under the new two tier system of local government. As well as Clydebank itself and its suburbs, the district also covered a wider area including Old Kilpatrick and Bowling. This lasted until the creation of the present unitary authorities in 1996.

In the early 20th century the town was synonymous with the Scottish socialist movements led by the shipyard workers along the river Clyde, giving rise to the title of Red Clydeside. The 11,000 workers at the largest factory of Singer sewing machines went on strike in March–April 1911, ceasing to work in solidarity of 12 female colleagues protesting against work process reorganisation. Following the end of the strike, Singer fired 400 workers, including all strike leaders and purported members of the Industrial Workers of Great Britain, among whom Arthur McManus, who later went on to become the first chairman of the Communist Party of Great Britain between 1920 and 1922.

Labour unrest, in particular by women and unskilled labour, greatly increased between 1910 and 1914 in Clydeside, with four times more days on strike than between 1900 and 1910. During these four years preceding World War I, membership of those affiliated to the Scottish Trades Union Congress rose from 129,000 in 1909 to 230,000 in 1914. The town is part of a single urban area (officially the Glasgow City Metropolitan Area) with the terms Glasgow and Greater Glasgow often used interchangeably, though for some Clydebank residents any claim of the town being part of Glasgow can be a sensitive issue. This Glasgow City Metropolitan Area includes places falling within the limits of several local authorities surrounding Glasgow proper; these form a single health service area, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. Most of Clydebank uses the Glasgow telephone area code "0141", however Duntocher, Faifley, Hardgate and Old Kilpatrick use "01389". The G81 postcode is the most widely used in the area, but Bowling and Old Kilpatrick use G60.

Coat of arms

The Burgh of Clydebank adopted an unofficial coat of arms in 1892, when it was required to obtain a common seal by the Burgh Police (Scotland) Act 1892. The design was described disparagingly by Arthur Charles Fox-Davies as a fine healthy specimen of home-made heraldry.

The design comprised a shield surmounted by a mural crown, above which was a helm bearing a wreath and crest. In the centrepiece of the shield was a Lennox Cross representative of the ancient Earls of Lennox. In chief position was a sewing machine representing the Singer Corporation and in base position "on the waves of the sea" was a representation of the battleship  built at J & G Thomson's Clydebank Shipyard in 1892. In the dexter fess position was a stag's head taken from the coat of arms of shipbuilder James Rodger Thomson, the first Provost of the Burgh. In sinister fess position there was a lion rampant taken from the coat of arms of local landowner, Alexander Dunn Pattison of Dalmuir. The crest was a garb or wheatsheaf representing the agricultural interests of the area. The Latin motto below the shield was Labore et Scientia or by work and by knowledge.

In 1929 there was a concerted campaign by the office of Lord Lyon King of Arms to ensure that all burghs using unmatriculated arms regularised their position, and more than fifty burghs registered arms between 1929 and 1931. This led to Clydebank's arms being matriculated on 6 February 1930. The 1930 grant was almost identical to the 1892 device.

When the burgh was abolished in 1975 to become part of a larger Clydebank District, the burgh arms went out of use. Clydebank District Council was granted new arms on 3 September 1975, consisting of a red saltire on a white field for the ancient province of Lennox and for the town's more recent historic links to Ireland which previously used the same flag. The cog-wheel symbolised all the local industries and the demi-figure of Saint Patrick referred to Old Kilpatrick, a burgh of barony from 1672, and where the saint is reputed to have been born. A representation of part of the Roman Antonine Wall was included as the Wall and Roman forts at Old Kilpatrick and Greenhill were features common to the burgh and to the villages in the district. The lymphad (galley ship) was for Clyde shipbuilding. The burgh motto was retained.

At the request of the district council, the arms were rematriculated on 19 April 1985 with the addition of a dove of peace in the centre of the saltire. The coat of arms went out of use in 1996 with the abolition of the District Council. In 1998, the successor West Dunbartonshire Council was granted very similar arms.

Geography
Clydebank is in Scotland's west Central Lowlands, on the north bank of the River Clyde. Part of the Greater Glasgow conurbation, the town is just outside the boundaries of Glasgow itself,  northwest of the city centre.

What is now Clydebank was a rural area known as the Barns o' Clyde up until the late 19th century, when the growth of the shipbuilding industry on the river led to the foundation of the village that became Clydebank. As the area rapidly urbanised, Clydebank grew into a town and absorbed older neighbouring settlements such as Dalmuir, Kilbowie and Yoker (although the latter area was largely annexed by Glasgow in 1926).

Neighbourhoods
The Linnvale housing estate was rebuilt in the late 1940s after being destroyed during the Clydebank Blitz, with its new streets named after members of the Labour government of the time, such as Attlee Avenue and Bevin Avenue. The area has one non-denominational primary school, Linnvale Primary, which also runs a nursery service. Linnvale Parish Church of Scotland was opened under the Church of Scotland's church extension scheme of the 1950s. During the 1980s, Linnvale was one of the areas included in the East End Initiative, and a support team helped to set up groups and clubs and to enable them to become self-sufficient.

Whitecrook occupies part of the south-east of the town, between the Forth and Clyde Canal to the north and Glasgow Road to the southwest. The neighbourhood is named after Whitecrook farm which used to stand there. It includes one non-denominational primary school (Whitecrook Primary), a Catholic primary school (Our Holy Redeemer's – usually referred to as O.H.R.), and formerly had a Roman Catholic high school (St Andrew's High School). It also has St Margaret's Hospice, which has recently completed development to add a new wing. Local amenities include John Brown's park on Barns Street, two bowling clubs and Clydebank Rugby Club which plays at Whitecrook sports ground. Frequent buses go along Barns Street/East Barns Street.

Demography
The town has lacked any strictly defined administrative boundaries since the abolition of the burgh in 1975. For modern UK Census purposes, the locality of Clydebank is defined as the town centre and surrounding areas, mainly lying south of the A82 road. While this roughly corresponds to the burgh boundaries prior to the Second World War, it excludes outlying areas such as Faifley, Hardgate, Duntocher and Old Kilpatrick which were either annexed to the burgh in the postwar era or included in the post-1975 district, and which are often considered to be part of Clydebank.

According to the United Kingdom Census 2011, Clydebank (including Dalmuir, Drumry, Linnvale, Mountblow, Radnor Park and Kilbowie) had a total resident population of 28,799. The population is 93% White Scottish, with white people as a whole making up 98.1% of the total. 63.7% of the population identified as Christian (35.8% Roman Catholic, 25.3% Church of Scotland and 2.6% other Christian denominations), with 28.3% stating they had no religion. The mid-2012 population estimate suggested the population of Clydebank had decreased to 26,640.

Education

Primary schools

 Cunard School
 Edinbarnet Primary School
 Kilbowie Primary School
 Our Holy Redeemer's Primary School
 St Eunan's Primary School
 St Mary's Primary School
 Linnvale Primary school
 St Stephens Primary School
 Carleith Primary School
 Goldenhill Primary School
Lady of Lorreto primary school
Clydemuir Primary
Whitecrook primary school
Gavinburn Primary School

Secondary schools

 Clydebank High School
 St Peter the Apostle High School

Further education

 West College Scotland has a campus in Clydebank.

Historic schools

 Boquhanran Public School
 The Bothy School
 Dalmuir Public School

Sport

Clydebank has two semi-professional football teams, Clydebank F.C. and Yoker Athletic F.C. Both were members of the Scottish Junior Football Association before switching to the West of Scotland Football League in 2020. Clydebank F.C. formerly held status as a senior league club but, while in administration in 2002 having sold their Kilbowie Park ground, the club was purchased by a consortium, moved to Airdrie and renamed Airdrie United F.C. A new Clydebank F.C. were formed in 2003 and entered Junior football, initially playing in Duntocher before moving in to share with Yoker Athletic at Holm Park, situated very close to the boundary with Glasgow. A previous Clydebank club also played nearby, with their Clydeholm ground even closer to Glasgow beside Yoker railway station – like Kilbowie, no trace of it remains. The town also encompasses a variety of amateur football teams, including Drumchapel Amateurs who have played in Duntocher since the ground was vacated by Clydebank.

Clydebank's Rugby Football Club is based in Whitecrook. The club was founded on 29 May 1969. Their first game was played at Whitecrook on Monday 1 September 1969 against a Presidents XV captained by Richard Alan of Hutchesons and Scotland. The club play in red and black and regularly field two XVs.

Other sport clubs based in Clydebank are: Singer's Football Club founded in 2013, the Clydesdale Harriers, founded in 1885 as Scotland's first amateur open athletics club; and the Lomond Roads Cycling Club.

The Antonine Sports Centre is located in Duntocher and was established in October 1980. It is a not-for-profit, charitable organisation which is run by a voluntary Board of Directors.

Employment

The town currently has a fairly moderate official unemployment rate of around 6%, however 20% of the population are described by Scottish National Statistics as "employment deprived".

A major employer in the town was its founding firm, the John Brown & Company shipyard, which built several well-known ships, including the , Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth, and Queen Elizabeth 2, as well as the warship . Later it became part of Upper Clyde Shipbuilders, which was the scene of a famous "work-in" in the 1970s. The yard and associated engineering works continued to operate under a succession of owners until it was closed in 2000. The site has been redeveloped, with tourist attractions such as the Titan Clydebank Crane and a new campus for Clydebank College, part of the merged institution West College Scotland.

Singer Corporation was also a major industry in Clydebank, providing thousands of jobs to the townsfolk but closed in 1980, with the Clydebank Business Park later created where its famous building used to stand (next to where Singer railway station is now).

The town is home to the independent Clydebank Co-operative Society which has a number of outlets in the town. The town's main department store closed in 2013.

Notable people
Duncan Bannatyne is a Scottish entrepreneur, philanthropist and author
Kevin Bridges, stand-up comedian
Robert Brown was wrongly convicted in 1977 of murdering Annie Walsh in Greater Manchester. Released on appeal in 2002, Brown served 25 years.
James Cosmo, born in Clydebank 24 May 1948, Scottish actor
Ian McAteer, Dalmuir-born former gangster
Jimmy McCulloch, guitarist famous for involvement with Thunderclap Newman and Wings
Ian McHarg, landscape architect and theorist of regional ecological systems, was born in Clydebank.
Wet Wet Wet, pop band, was formed in Clydebank in 1982. About the poor career possibilities for youth in Clydebank in the 1980s, Graeme Clark, the bass player, said: "It was either crime, the dole, football, or music...and we chose music".
John McGinn, professional footballer
Ian Tough, entertainer of The Krankies fame
Mary Riggans, actress of Balamory fame
Ross Doohan (born 1998), professional football

Local transport

In rail transport, the town is served by , , , ,  and  stations. Bus connections to Glasgow, Dumbarton and the surrounding areas of Clydebank use the bus terminus at the southern end of the Clyde Shopping Centre.

Formerly, the town was connected to the once extensive Glasgow tramway system, being served by routes 9 (via Dumbarton Road) and 1A (via Anniesland). Route 20 served Duntocher. Route 9 (to Dalmuir) was the last service to close. Clydebank held its own 'last tram' day on 6 September 1962, four days after the official end of tramway operation in Glasgow, bringing to an end the operation of the last major tramway system in Great Britain.

The Erskine Bridge at Old Kilpatrick connects the A82, which bypasses Clydebank to the north of the town, to the M8 motorway running between Greenock, Glasgow Airport, Paisley and the wider Scottish road network.

See also
List of places in West Dunbartonshire
Morison Memorial church

References

Further reading
 I.M.M. MacPhail, The Clydebank Blitz (1974, )

External links

My Clydebank Photos, collection of local images
Clydebank Heritage Trail, West Dunbartonshire Council

Large burghs
Towns in West Dunbartonshire
Greater Glasgow

Clydebank


Brumundal Station (Brumunddal stasjon) er en jernbanestation på Dovrebanen, der ligger midt i byen Brumunddal i Ringsaker kommune i Norge. Stationen består af nogle få spor, to perroner og en stationsbygning i gulmalet træ, der er opført efter tegninger af Paul Due.

Stationen åbnede 15. november 1894, da banen mellem Hamar og Tretten stod færdig. Oprindeligt hed den Brumunddalen, men den skiftede navn til Brumunddal 1. september 1922. Stationen blev fjernstyret 29. april 1966.

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger

Stationer på Dovrebanen
Etableret i 1894
Jernbanestationer i Hedmark

Brumunddal Station


بيشماف كوتسوك الرئيس الثاني لحكومة جمهورية شمال القفقاس المتحدة. وُلد في قرية بايوك قرب نالتشك عاصمة جمهورية القبردي الشركسية عام 1883م. وتخرّج من جامعة بطرسبورغ الروسية في القانون وعمل في حقل المحاماة.

حياته السياسية
بعدما اضطُرّت حكومة الرئيس عبد المجيد تشيرموي أول رئيس لحكومة شمال القفقاس المتحدة والتي كان قد أعلن استقلالها في 11/5/1918م إلى تقديم استقالتها للمؤتمر الوطني الشعبي بتاريخ 15/12/ 1918 م وذلك نتيجة انسحاب القوات التركية التي جاءت لتساند الجمهورية من شمال القفقاس بعد الهزائم التي تلقّتها القوات التركية في الجبهات الأخرى ودخول قوات الحلفاء العاصمة اسطنبول، تمّ تشكيل حكومة جديدة بتاريخ 19/12/1918م برئاسة بيشماف كوتسوك وضمّت كلا من نوح تارقو كوزير للدفاع ، و رشيد خان وزير للداخلية ، و حيدر بامات وزير للخارجية و اصلان كري جباغي وزير للمالية ، و المهندس ملكخان وزير للصناعة والتجارة ، و المهندس إبراهيم حيدر وزير للمواصلات ،و شاخصيوار وزير للتعليم ، وآ. بوتات وزير  للزراعة وأملاك الدولة. وبقيت وزارات العدل والصحة شاغرة.

كان أول عمل قام به الرئيس بيشماف هو تأسيس جيش نظامي خاص بالجمهورية الجديدة. واستمرّت الحرب الأهلية الروسية بين القوات القيصرية البيضاء وبين الجيش الأحمر الشيوعي الجديد. ولكن كِلا الجيشين كانا يُضمِران الشر والسوء لجمهورية شمال القفقاس الفتية معتبرين إياها إرثا استعماريا يجب عليهم المحافظة عليه. وهكذا توجهت قوات الجنرال دينكين قائد الجيش القيصري الأبيض إلى شمال القفقاس لاحتلاله من جديد مع تأييد قوي من القوات البريطانية التي كانت ترابط في مدينة باكو على ساحل البحر الأسود. فازدادت الهجمات الوحشية الروسية المتتالية على السكان الشراكسة الآمنين.

استقالته
قدّم الرئيس بيشماف كوتسوك استقالة حكومته إلى المؤتمر الشعبي في منتصف شهر مارس 1919م نتيجة الضغوط العسكرية الكبيرة التي تعرضت لها بالإضافة إلى المصاعب المالية التي عانت منها. حاول الجنرال خليل تشكيل حكومة جديدة إلا انه عجز عن ذلك ، وخلال ذلك انهزم الجنرال دينكين وزحف الجيش الأحمر الشيوعي ليحتل أرمينيا وأذربيجان وجورجيا ، فما كان من قادة استقلال جمهورية شمال القفقاس إلا الانسحاب إلى المنفى والهجرة خارج الوطن انتظارا لفرصة جديدة مواتية لإعادة تشكيل جمهورية شمال القفقاس المتحدة.

وفاته
توفي دولة الرئيس بيشماف كوتسوك في تركيا في 18/1/1962م وشيّع بمراسيم عسكرية لائقة.

المصادر
 فيصل حبطوش خوت أبزاخ: أعلام الشراكسة، مؤسسة خوست للإعلان، عمان، الأردن (2007)

أعلام الشراكسة
شراكسة شمال القفقاس
مواليد 1883
وفيات 1962

بيشماف كوتسوك


André Girard est un médecin et chimiste français, né le  à Avesnes-sur-Helpe (Nord) et décédé le  à Cannes (Alpes-Maritimes). Il fut à l'origine du développement de la chimie des stéroïdes dans les années 30 aux Laboratoires Roussel. Le succès de ce développement très important pour Roussel, puis Roussel-UCLAF reposa en premier lieu sur la mise au point d'une série de réactifs qui ont permis l'extraction des stéroïdes animaux avec des rendements très élevés.

Biographie
Au début des années 1910, André Girard entama des études de médecine à Paris qui furent interrompues par la grande guerre en 1914. Il les reprit en 1919 tout en poursuivant des études de chimie à la faculté des sciences. Il obtint sa licence de chimie et soutint sa thèse de médecine en 1921 à l'Université de Paris alors qu'il travaillait en tant que préparateur dans le laboratoire de chimie thérapeutique d'Ernest Fourneau à l'Institut Pasteur depuis 1920. En parallèle de son travail au laboratoire d'Ernest Fourneau, il exerce comme médecin dans une clinique parisienne pour arrondir les mensualités à mi-temps de l'Institut Pasteur.

Travaux

Bismuth
Pendant ses années à l'Institut Pasteur, il met au point une formulation huileuse de bismuth dont les propriétés antisyphilitiques avaient été découvertes par Levaditi, alors à l'Institut Pasteur et qui y pratiqua les essais de cette solution sur l'animal. La solution huileuse de bismuth fut commercialisée par le laboratoire Roussel sous le nom de Bivatol. À cette occasion (), un accord est établi entre Gaston Roussel et André Girard qui se concrétisa par la création d'une entreprise filiale, "Les Laboratoires Français de Chimiothérapie" (LFC), dont l'activité de recherche et de développement est très liée à la maison mère Roussel.

Vitamine D
Aux LFC, Girard s'intéressa à la préparation de la vitamine D. En 1926-1927, Rosenheim et Windaus avaient montré que la vitamine D se formait à partir de l'ergostérol après irradiation aux UV. Girard modifia le procédé d'extraction de l'ergostérol en traitant de la levure sèche par saponification alcoolique. Ceci aboutit à la commercialisation par Roussel du Stérogyl, le pendant français d'autres préparations de vitamine D telles que le Vigantol alors développé en Allemagne.

Stéroïdes
En 1930, à la suite d'observations par Butenandt de la présence d'une fonction cétone dans la molécule d'oestrone, puis par Zondek de la forte teneur en œstrone des urines de juments gravides, André Girard et Georges Sandulesco se lancèrent aux LFC dans l'extraction d'hormones stéroïdes. Ce projet les amena à utiliser des hydrazines particulières, qui permirent d'extraire de nombreuses hormones stéroïdes avec d'excellents rendements. En 1932, à Londres, à l'occasion d'un congrès sous l'égide de la Société des Nations, alors qu'on déplorait la rareté des quantités d'œstrone purifiée disponibles, Girard sortit de sa poche sous le regard interloqué et incrédule des participants, un flacon de  d'œstrone qu'il mit à leur disposition. À ce même congrès, Girard annonce l'obtention à l'état pur de nouvelles hormones œstrogènes chez le cheval ( et ). Par ce coup d'éclat et ce geste, le laboratoire Roussel prenait place dans le cercle très fermé des laboratoires pharmaceutiques européens engagés dans la recherche et la production d'hormones stéroïdes et organisés en véritable cartel. Ceci servit en particulier dans des échanges et dans la libre disposition de savoir-faire dans ce domaine.

Fort de leur avance, Girard, ses collègues et le laboratoire Roussel consolidèrent leur expertise dans la préparation de stéroïdes d'origine animale. Le laboratoire Roussel fut ainsi le premier à commercialiser la progestérone. La famille de réactifs hydraziniques connus sous le nom de réactifs de Girard et Sandulesco fut adaptée par le laboratoire Roussel au développement de méthodes d'extraction massive de molécules stéroïdes (cholestérol, acides biliaires) à partir d'organes animaux (moelle épinière, vésicule biliaire). Roussel-UCLAF produisit ainsi à la fin des années 1980 près des 3/4 de la quantité mondiale des stéroïdes de base. Girard communiqua aussi à Reichstein la méthode d'extraction de corticoïdes à partir des extraits de glandes surrénales. Celui-ci put ainsi produire les corticoïdes en quantités suffisantes pour ses travaux de caractérisation qui lui valurent le prix Nobel en 1950.

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Cet article s'appuie en grande partie sur une notice autobiographique, Les souvenirs du Docteur GIRARD, remise par André Girard à la documentation scientifique de Roussel UCLAF en . Une retranscription est accessible en ligne dans PaJ@Mo, patrimoine numérisé de l'Institut Pasteur.

Articles connexes
 Jean-Claude Roussel
 Industrie pharmaceutique
 Médicament
 Stéroïde sexuel

Liens externes
 Une sélection de travaux scientifiques de Georges Sandulesco (1896-1978), proche collaborateur et ami d'André Girard  a été rassemblée par Constantin George Sandulescu (1933-2018), linguiste et neveu de Georges Sandulesco. Cette sélection comporte notamment des copies d'articles et des brevets co-signés par Girard et Sandulesco, des coupures de presse et quelques photographies des deux chercheurs. Cette compilation intitulée Georges Sandulesco  The Chemistry Researcher-  Collected Papers (2011) est publiée par Contemporary Littérature Press The online publishing house of the University of Bucharest. Lire en ligne.
 D'autres sources mentionnent les collaborations entre André Girard et le laboratoire Roussel et sa filiale, les Laboratoires français de chimiothérapie, notamment la revue du Patrimoine en Seine Saint-Denis (N° 15, 2007), article rédigé par André Furio. Lire en ligne.
 Sur Roussel et Girard, voir aussi Contrepoints, 4 décembre 2016. Lire en ligne.

Notes et références

Chimiste français
Pharmacien français
Médecin français du XXe siècle
Naissance en août 1892
Décès en septembre 1976
Décès à 84 ans
Naissance à Avesnes-sur-Helpe
Décès à Cannes

André Girard (chimiste)


Hamza-beg Biharović bio je krajiški plemić i junak, 1556. godine posto je bosanski beglerbeg i vladao, po Antunu Kneževiću, devet mjeseci. Poznat je još i "Džundi".

Životopis
Hamza-beg potječe od starih krajiških junaka. Pretpostavlja se da je s krajeva oko Sanskoga Mosta, čim je tu sagradio džamiju. (Muvekkit piše da je sagradio u Kamengradu džamiju, što nije točno, zato se pretpostavlja da je rodom iz Kamengrada i zato je Muvekkit pogriješio.)

On je osnivač kasabe Dičevo, kako je u 16. i 17. stoljeću nazivan današnji Sanski Most. (U nekim izvorima se spominju i Šehovci kao Dičevo). Poslije, sve do 1878. godine, Sanski Most se naziva Vakuf, a to ime je dobio po izvješćima Hamza-bega. Podigavši prvu džamiju (današnja Hamzibegova džamija) i druge objekte čime je to mjesto steklo osnovne uvjete da dobije status kasabe. Početkom 17. stoljeća ovo mjesto je spomenuto kao "mjesto Dičevo u blizini rijeke Sane. Imalo jed jednu mahalu u kojoj je postojala navedena džamija Hamza-bega, bivšeg bosanskog sandžak-bega sa 69 muslimanskih kuća i 11 mudžereda".

Umro je 1557. godine i pokopan je, vjerojatno, ispred svoje džamije u Sanskom Mostu, gdje su doskora bila dva stara turbeta.

Izvori

Begovi
Životopisi, Sanski Most

Hamza-beg Biharović


Emma Catherine Rigby (St Helens, Merseyside, Inglaterra; 26 de septiembre de 1989) es una actriz inglesa, más conocida por haber interpretado a Rebecca en El médico y a Hannah Ashworth en la serie Hollyoaks.

Biografía
Emma tiene una hermana mayor llamada, Charlotte Rigby.

En 2010 comenzó a salir con el futbolista Matthew Mills; sin embargo, la relación terminó nueve meses después.

Carrera
El 3 de octubre de 2005, se unió al elenco principal de la exitosa serie británica Hollyoaks, donde interpretó a Hannah Ashworth, hasta el 12 de febrero de 2010. Al inicio Emma había anunciado su salida de la serie en junio de 2009; sin embargo, renovó su contrato por seis meses más y su última aparición fue en 2010. En 2008 apareció como presentadora del programa The Race Against Cancer. En 2009 interpretó de nuevo a Hannah, esta vez en el spin-off de la serie llamado Hollyoaks Later.

En 2010 interpretó a Eloise en el cortometraje dramático Talk. En 2012 apareció en la película alemana The Physician, basada en el best-seller de Noah Gordon, donde interpretó a Rebecca, una mujer judía prometida que se enamora del aprendiz de médico. En 2013 se unió al elenco de la serie Once Upon a Time in Wonderland, un spin-off de la popular serie Once Upon A Time, donde interpretó a la reina roja Anastasia  hasta el final de la primera temporada en 2014.
Protagoniza dos de las películas producidas por el sitio de streaming Passionflix, llamadas El protector y Hollywood Dirt.

Filmografía

Series de televisión

Películas

Teatro

Premios y nominaciones

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Digital Spy - Celebrity News > Emma Rigby
 Emma Rigby on TV.com
 Athletes & Personalities :: Emma Rigby
 MailOnline | Emma Rigby

Actrices de televisión de Inglaterra
Actrices infantiles de Inglaterra

Emma Rigby


Veľký Grob este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Galanta din regiunea Trnava. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.335 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Veľký Grob este atestată documentar din 1335.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Veľký Grob


Kuyuluk, Adana ilinin Kozan ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe

Coğrafya
Adana iline 75 km, Kozan ilçesine 12 km uzaklıktadır.

Kozan'ın mahalleleri

Kuyuluk, Kozan


Prof. Dr. Ulf-Dietrich Reips is a full professor in the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Konstanz, where he holds the Chair for Psychological Methods, Assessment, and iScience. Between 2009 and 2013 he was a full-time tenured IKERBASQUE research professor at University of Deusto in Bilbao, Spain, and remains affiliated with Ikerbasque. Until 2009 he was an assistant professor and lecturer ('Oberassistent') at the Psychology Department of the University of Zurich, Switzerland. He received his PhD in 1997 and his habilitation (venia legendi, title 'Privatdozent') in 2004 from the University of Tübingen, Germany. In 1992, he received an M.A. in Psychology from Sonoma State University, California. Reips spent most of his undergraduate and graduate years at the University of Tübingen, where he had attended the Leibniz Kolleg. He majored in both Psychology and General Rhetoric (as a student of Walter Jens) and had a minor in Political Science. In 2012, Ulf-Dietrich Reips received a FIRST award from University of Colorado Boulder and is since affiliated on an honorable basis with its Department of Psychology and Neuroscience. Based on his publications' impact and his affiliation with IKERBASQUE, the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain, ranked him 7th of "Top Scientists working at Spanish Private Universities" in 2014. In Fall 2015, Reips was offered to direct the Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information in Trier, in association with a full professorship for Psychology at University of Trier.

Ulf-Dietrich Reips is working on Internet-based research methodologies (or iScience, Internet science, online research methods), in particular Internet-based psychological experimenting (a method used in experimental psychology) and Internet-based tests, the psychology of the Internet, measurement, the cognition of causality, Social Media, and Big Data. In 1994 and 1995 he founded the Web Experimental Psychology Lab, the first laboratory for conducting real experiments on the World Wide Web.  In 1997, he was one of the seven founders of the German Society for Online Research (DGOF) and wrote a book chapter on the methodology of conducting experiments via the Internet  that later won him a young scientist award by the German Society for Psychology. His 2002 article in the journal "Experimental Psychology", Standards for Internet-based experimenting, defined the field and became its journal's most cited article. In 2005, Reips was elected the first non-North American president of the Society for Computers in Psychology (SCiP).

Ulf-Dietrich Reips is the founding editor of the International Journal of Internet Science, currently serving (jointly with Uwe Matzat).

Awards
Ulf-Dietrich Reips and his Web services have received numerous awards, from institutions including the Methods Division of the German Psychological Society (young scientist award, 1997), Oxford University ("key player in the social shaping of e-science and e-social science"), University of Colorado Boulder, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Encyclopædia Britannica, , "Planet Science", Bild der Wissenschaft, New Scientist, The British Academy, , IBM, the American Psychological Society, and others. In January 2017 the Society for Computers in Psychology named the 2001 paper "Reips, U.-D. (2001). The Web Experimental Psychology Lab: Five years of data collection on the Internet. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 33, 201-211." one of eight "groundbreaking and influential" articles in the history of the society and the field.

In 1996 Ulf-Dietrich Reips won in the First Internet Literature competition in Germany, co-organized by the German weekly  and IBM with his digital poem "Das Websonett", a digital media variation and sonetto di risposta on A.W. Schlegel's "Das Sonett". Literature theorist Erika Greber described the Websonett as "literarisch anspruchsvoll" (literarily sophisticated) and featured a special printable version Reips created on the last page of her compendium on poetological metaphorism and literature theory. Reips later created a technically updated version, even though all versions remain fully functional in modern web browsers.

Publications
 Dimensions of Internet Science (2001)
 Standards for Internet-based experimenting (2002)
 Oxford Handbook of Internet Psychology (2007)
 How Internet-mediated research changes science. (2008)
 Advice in surveying the general public over the Internet (2010, with Don A. Dillman and Uwe Matzat)
 Complete list of publications

Web applications
Ulf-Dietrich Reips and his team develop and provide free Web tools for researchers and students.
 Social Lab, an open source social network
 WEXTOR, the Web experiment generator
 iScience Maps, a tool to data mine Twitter
 VAS Generator, creates visual analogue scales as a response format in questionnaires
 Web Experiment List, a list for researchers to post their Internet-based experiments and recruit participants
 Big Five, a personality test validated for use on the Internet
 Questionnaire Checker, a tool to get feedback on questionnaires one creates

References

External links
 Reips page at Google Scholar Citations
 Reips page at Interaction-design.org
 Reips page at ResearchGate
 Reips page at Academia.edu
 Reips homepage
 Affiliate University of Colorado Boulder
 Reips Internet Science portal
 iScience group at Universität Konstanz
 iScience group at Universidad de Deusto

Swiss psychologists
Academic staff of the University of Deusto
Academic staff of the University of Konstanz
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

Ulf-Dietrich Reips


Norodom (,  ; born Ang Voddey (,  ); 3 February 1834 – 24 April 1904) was King of Cambodia from 19 October 1860 to his death on 24 April 1904. He was the eldest son of King Ang Duong and was a half-brother of Prince Si Votha and King Sisowath. He was elected to the throne in 1860 but would not be crowned until 1864 due to the fact that Siam held the royal regalia (the royal crown and other artefacts). In 1863, he signed a treaty with France by which he gave France control over Cambodia's foreign relations in exchange for personal protection against his enemies. The treaty saved Cambodian independence, but French control over Cambodia's internal affairs strengthened continually until the end of his reign (full independence was not restored until 1953). His reign of  is the longest in Cambodian history in terms of verifiable exact date. Upon his death, he was succeeded by his half-brother, Sisowath.

He is the progenitor of the House of Norodom which has been the ruling royal house of Cambodia since 1941.

Name

Norodom's royal name was Norodom Prohmbarirak (), previously, Ang Reacheavoddey (). He is referred to as Ang Voddey in some Western accounts. His posthumous title is Preah Karuna Preah Sovannakot ().

Rule

Background: Cambodia from Ang Eng to Ang Duong
King Norodom's grandfather, King Ang Eng, died in early 1797. He left four sons, of whom the eldest, Ang Chan, became king, but as Chan was a minor on his father's death his coronation was delayed until 1806, when he turned 16. Chan quarreled with his overlord the king of Siam (Thailand) and with his brothers, and the remainder of his reign was filled with wars between Chan's new overlord, the emperor of Vietnam, and the Thais, fought largely in the territory of Cambodia. Chan died in 1834, but the wars continued until 1847 when they ended with a peace treaty between Siam and Vietnam under which Chan's youngest brother, Ang Duong, was recognised as king. (The other two brothers were dead by this time). Ang Duong's reign, from 1848 (the year of his coronation, although his reign began in 1847 and he had claimed the throne even earlier) until his death in 1860 did much to restore the country, which had suffered much in the previous three decades.

Early life and accession

Norodom was the eldest son of Ang Duong. In 1850, he and his half-brother Prince Sisowath were sent to study in Bangkok by their father Ang Duong, where they grew up in close proximity to members of the Siamese royal family. In 1857, Norodom (Prince Phrom Borirak) served in the Royal Siamese Army as a military adviser, for which later he was awarded the Order of the White Elephant.

In 1861, Norodom's half-brother Si Votha rebelled and Norodom abandoned the capital of Oudong and fled to safety in Bangkok. The Siamese court returned him to Phnom Penh early in 1862, and in 1863 he signed a treaty with the French placing himself under French protection. The Siamese eventually returned the royal regalia and his coronation followed in 1864.

French protectorate

On 17 June 1884, French authorities forced King Norodom to sign a treaty which consolidated their position in Cambodia by forcing him to give up control of public revenue, customs taxes and public works. Norodom resisted but with French gunboats anchored outside the Royal Palace he had no choice but to sign. The French actions caused widespread anger throughout the country. In 1885 Prince Si Votha, Norodom's half brother, led a revolt against the French rule. The French suspected that Norodom was secretly supporting Si Votha's actions and blamed him for inciting the revolts. The revolt ended when the Cambodians were assured by King Norodom that the French had offered concessions to him. After the restoration of the 1885-1886 revolt, Norodom was in a position of temporary strength. To prevent another revolt, the French were less inclined to force the king to the wall once more.

After the 1897 coup d'etat against his person, he lost confidence in his closest collaborators namely Thiounn and Bernard Col de Monteiro who were appointed as Ministers without his consent.

Following the Sino-French War (1884–1885), French Indochina was formed in October 1887 from Annam, Tonkin, Cochinchina (who together form modern Vietnam) and the Kingdom of Cambodia.

For the remainder of his rule, Norodom was a puppet of the French. Before he died in 1904, he appointed his son, Prince Norodom Yukanthor, as heir apparent to the throne. But Yukanthor had a fall-out with the French and did not succeed to the throne. Norodom died in the palace in Phnom Penh in April 1904; his body was cremated in the traditional Buddhist fashion in 1906. He was succeeded by his half-brother Sisowath.

Reforms

Throughout Norodom's reign, several administrative and judicial reforms were improved in the kingdom. The reduction of provinces was imposed to help reduce administrative costs. He also followed King Chulalongkorn and abolished commercial monopolies, slavery, and civil lists for the royal family. During his reign, certain agricultural products such as betel, pepper and sugar costs were reduced.

Legacy

King Norodom was remembered for his appreciation and fondness of the arts. It was under his supervision that the Silver Pagoda was built in 1892, as well as Wat Oudong consecrated on 6 June 1875. When Norodom assumed the throne in 1860, classical dance recovered some of its ancient prestige, and soon became a great honour for court officials, ministers and senior dignitaries to have their children admitted to the palace's school of dancing.

In 1872, Norodom went on an official visit to Hong Kong, Manila and Singapore. In Manila, the King was greatly impressed by the music skills of the Filipinos and decided to take some musicians back to Cambodia to teach modern music. Norodom's generosity began drawing artists from many nationalities to Cambodia and they were always given a warm welcome at royal palace and court. Most of them had a deep interest in the Royal Ballet and thus were given every opportunity to learn Khmer music and dance.

Under King Norodom, the beginnings of the Royal Khmer Navy were established for territorial protection.

Honours
  Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur-1872 (Grand Officier-1869) (Chevalier-1865) (France)

References

 Encyclopædia Britannica.com
 Milton E. Osborne, The French Presence in Cochinchina and Cambodia

1834 births
1904 deaths
Cambodian Buddhists
Cambodian Theravada Buddhists
Cambodian Buddhist monarchs
People from Takéo province
19th-century Cambodian monarchs
Cambodian people of Thai descent
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
House of Norodom
20th-century Cambodian monarchs

Norodom of Cambodia


Villacidro (sardisk: Biddade Cidru, Biddexìdru) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Sud Sardegna i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 267 meters højde og har 14.076 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 183,48 km² og grænser til kommunerne Domusnovas, Gonnosfanadiga, Iglesias, San Gavino Monreale, Sanluri, Serramanna, Vallermosa og Villasor.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Sud Sardegna

Villacidro


De sidste mænd i Aleppo er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 2017 instrueret af Feras Fayyad.

Handling
Borgerne i den syriske by Aleppo forbereder sig på en belejring og er dagligt udsat for bombeangreb fra Assad-regimet og russerne. Gennem tre medlemmer af redningstjenesten White Helmets, kommer seeren tæt på livet, døden og de daglige kampe for civilbefolkningen i byen. Hver dag må de konfrontere deres egen tvivl: Skal de flygte og redde deres familier fra bomberne eller skal de blive og forsøge at redde borgernes liv i bomberuinerne? Filmen giver et intimt indblik i dagliglivet for de mennesker, der har valgt ikke at flygte fra krigen.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2017

De sidste mænd i Aleppo


සර්ගම් ගීත වූ කලී ස්වරයන්ගෙන් පමණක් සුසැදි රාගයන්ට සුවිශේෂී වූ, යම් ථාටයකින්(මේලයකින්) සැදි රාගයකට අනුකූලව ගොඩනැගුණකි. සෑම රාගයකට ම  සර්ගම් ගීතයක් අඩංගු වේ.රාගයට අදාල සියලු විශේෂ ස්වර සංගතීන් මෙම සර්ගම් ගීතවල පවතී.ත්රිතාල්,ජප්තාල් වැනි තාලවලින් බොහෝ විට සර්ගම් ගීත ගැයෙන අතර ඒක් තාලයෙන් සර්ගම් ගැයෙන අවස්ථා ද නැතුවා නොවේ.ස්වර මාලිකා යන නාමයෙන් ද මෙම සර්ගම් ගීත හැඳින්වේ.

වැදගත්කම
ආධුනිකයන්ට සර්ගම් වැදගත් වනුයේ පහත කාරණා පිණීසය.
 සර්ගම් ගී වැයීම/ගැයීම රාගයක මූලික රූප හඳුනාගැනීමට පහසුවකි.
 රාගාවබෝධය ලැබීමට හැඳිනීමට.
  රාගවල ස්වර සංගති දැනීමට.
 තාලාවබෝධය ලැබීමට.
 ස්වර නිමැවීමේ කුසලතා වර්ධනයට.
 රාගානුකූල ගායන/වාදන ඉගැනුමට.

බිලාවල් රාගය
බිලාවල් රාගය සඳහා වූ එක් සර්ගම් ගීතයක් පහතින් දැක්වේ.

තාලය- ත්‍රිතාලය
ස්ථායි
3            / X          / 2             / O
G P D N / S - D P / M G M R / S R S -
G - M R / G P D N / S N D P / M G R S
අන්තරා
P P D N / S - S S / D N S R / S N D P
G R S N / D P N D / S N D P / M G R S

කාෆි රාගය
කාෆි රාගය සඳහා වූ එක් සර්ගම් ගීතයක් පහතින් දැක්වේ.

භීම්පලාශ්‍රී රාගය
භීම්පලාශ්‍රී රාගය සඳහා වූ එක් සර්ගම් ගීතයක් පහතින් දැක්වේ.

සංගීතය
රාග

සර්ගම් ගීත


Eva Bačlija (Subotica, 1952. - Subotica, 25. ožujka 2019.), vojvođanska novinarka

Životopis
Rođena je u Subotici 1952.godine. Svoje prve tekstove objavila je u Subotičkim novinama u kojima je zaposlena od 1976. godine, a u ovoj medijskoj kući provela je najveći dio karijere. Poslije je nastavila s radom u tjedniku Subotičkima. U Subotičkima je bila članica uredništva. Zadnju fazu novinarske profesinalne karijere imala je u Bunjevačkim novinama, odakle je otišla u mirovinu.

Kao novinarka, obrađivala je teme iz više područja.  Uz posao novinarke, svoju kreativnost pokazala je i u izradi više monografija i sličnih izdanja. Autorica je i urednica monografije Kolevka ljulja srcem. Radila je i kao lektorica u Subotičkim novinama, Sportskim subotičkim novinama i Bunjevačkim novinama, a bila je i lektorica više izdanja raznih subotičkih autora. Umrla je u rodnoj Subotici 25. ožujka 2019. godine. Pokopana je 27. ožujka na Kerskom groblju u Subotici.

Izvori

Životopisi, Subotica
Hrvatski novinari iz Vojvodine

Eva Bačlija


La Bundesstraße 480 est une Bundesstraße du Land de Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie.

Géographie
La B 480 va d'Erndtebrück-Leimstruth en passant par Winterberg et Brilon jusqu'à Bad Wünnenberg, où la B 480 se fond parfaitement dans l'A 33 à la jonction avec l'A 44.

Histoire
La B 480 traverse le Wittgensteiner Land et le Sauerland dans le sens nord-sud, reliant trois tronçons qui ont tous pris naissance au  :
 La chaussée de Nuttlar à Hallenberg est achevée en 1834. En 1937, sa partie sud entre Winterberg et Hallenberg fait partie de la Reichsstraße 236, qui traverse le Rothaargebirge dans une direction est-ouest.
 La Möhnetalstraße de Brilon par Rüthen à Werl est achevée en 1842. Depuis les années 1970, cette route est connue sous le nom de Bundesstraße 516.
 La ligne secondaire de la Möhnetalstraße à Alme est ouverte en 1855.

La B 480 est créée au début des années 1960 pour améliorer le réseau routier fédéral. Entre Hoheleye et Winterberg, il suit le même tracé que la Bundesstraße 236. Dans cette section commune, le trafic est acheminé directement à l'ouest de Winterberg depuis 1995 dans le cadre d'un contournement avec le tunnel du Herrloh au-delà de la ville. À Brilon, la B 480 partage un tronçon de route avec la Bundesstraße 7.

Le B 480 allait à l'origine jusqu'à Paderborn. Après la construction de l'A 33 dans les années 1980, le tronçon de Borchen à la Bundesstraße 64 à Paderborn est reclassé Landesstraße 755. La section de l'extrémité actuelle de la B480 à Borchen est en partie recouverte par l'A 33.

Extensions de la B 480n
Contournement d'Olsberg

Entre Olsberg et la jonction à la B 7, une route de contournement est construite sous le nom de B 480n de  à . Contrairement aux plans initiaux, l'ouverture de cette nouvelle ligne, qui soulage Olsberg et Bigge a lieu le . En venant du sud, la nouvelle route bifurque de l'ancienne route avant Olsberg. De nombreuses structures d'ingénierie sont érigées pour le nouveau tracé, notamment le tunnel du Losenberg, le pont de Kittelbusch, le pont de Wirtschaftsweg, le pont du Vossbach, le pont de la Bruchstrasse, le pont d'Eselsbruch et le pont de la vallée de la Ruhr.

Dans le cadre de la poursuite de la construction de l'A 46 de l'extrémité de l'extension précédente de Bestwig à Nuttlar, la B 480n est prolongée par la connexion de la B 7 à l'autoroute en tant qu'alimentation d'un carrefour. La sortie a lieu le .

Contournement de Bad Wünnenberg
Au nord de la ville se trouve le contournement de Bad Wünnenberg, un autre tronçon en tant que nouvelle ligne B 480n. Le , le tracé long de près de  est mis en circulation après 8 ans de construction. Le cœur du nouveau contournement est le pont de la vallée de l'Afte de  de long et jusqu'à  de haut. Après que le comité budgétaire approuve le contournement en , la construction commence en .

Source

Route en Allemagne
Transport en Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie

Bundesstraße 480


Tupi dilleri, Avrupalı sömürgeciler ilk kez Brezilya kıyılarına ayak bastıklarında bölgede konuşulan diller topluluğuna verilen addır.

Brezilya'ya ilk ayak basan ve bölgede nereye gidilirse gidilsin, yerlilerce konuşulan dillerin benzeştiğini gören Portekizli'ler, bu dilleri o zamanlar "" ("genel dil") olarak adlandırmışlardılar. Bu dillerden Nheengatu ("iyi dil") günümüzde de Rio Negro yöresindeki yerlilerce konuşulur.

Tupi aynı zamanda, Brezilya'da ilk olarak Amazon bölgesine yerleşip, sonra zamanla güneye inip Atlantik kıyılarına yayılan başlıca Amerikalı yerli topluluğuna verilen addır.

16. Yüzyıldan başlayarak, Tupi'ler Portekizli ve İspanyalı sömürgecilerce köleleştirilmiş ya da soykırıma uğratılmışlardır. Bu etnik temizlikten kurtulanların torunları, günümüzde özerk yerli yerleşim bölgelerinde yaşamaktadırlar.

Tupi-Guarani dil topluluğu da daha büyük Tupi topluluğunun bir parçasıdır.

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız
 Guarani

Tupi-Guarani dilleri
Doğal diller

Tupi dilleri


Olaylar
 MÖ 1184 - Truva Savaşı: Truva'nın yağmalanıp yakılması.
 1509 - İngiltere Kralı VIII. Henry ile Aragonlu Catherine evlendi.
 1868 - Kızılay, "Mecruhin ve Marda-yı Askeriyye İmdat ve Muavenet Cemiyeti" adı altında kuruldu.
 1898 - Çin'de liberaller, İmparator Guangxu'nun davetiyle iş başına geldi ve "Yüz Gün Reformu" olarak bilinen dönemi başlattılar.
 1901 - Yeni Zelanda, Cook Adaları'nı topraklarına katmıştır.
 1913 - 31 Mart isyanını bastıran Hareket Ordusu'nun Komutanı, Sadrazam ve Harbiye Nazırı Mahmut Şevket Paşa düzenlenen bir suikast ile öldürüldü.
 1919 - Mustafa Kemal, kendisini İstanbul'a geri çağıran Vahdettin'e geri dönmeyeceğini bildirdi. Damat Ferid Paşa, Paris Barış Konferansı'na katılmak üzere, İstanbul'dan Paris'e gitti.
 1929 - Türkiye-Romanya Ticaret ve Seyrüsefer Antlaşması imzalandı.
 1930 - Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası'nın kurulmasına ilişkin kanun, Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi'nde kabul edildi.
 1933 - Cumhuriyet'in ilanının 10. Yıl Dönümünü Kutlama Kanunu çıkarıldı.
 1933 - İller Bankası kuruldu.
 1937 - Atatürk, Trabzon'da yaptığı açıklamada bütün çiftliklerini ve mallarını millete bağışladığını bildirdi.
 1940 - II. Dünya Savaşı: Britanya Kuvvetleri, İtalya'daki Cenova ve Torino kentlerini bombaladı. İtalya Hava Kuvvetleri, Malta adasına ilk saldırılarını gerçekleştirdi. Norveç, iki ay süren direnişin ardından Alman Orduları'na teslim oldu.
 1945 - Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi'nde tartışmalara neden olan, Çiftçiyi Topraklandırma Kanunu kabul edildi.
 1954 - Zonguldak'ta meydana gelen grizu patlamasında 6 işçi öldü, 16 işçi yaralandı.
 1960 - 27 Mayıs öncesi bozulan ekonomik durumu düzeltmek için, hazineye yardım kampanyası düzenlendi.
 1963 - Ankara Sıkıyönetim Komutanlığı Zafer gazetesini kapattı. İstanbul Üniversitesi askeri kordon altına alındı.
 1970 - Güreşçi Ahmet Ayık, Dünya Şampiyonu oldu.
 1970 - Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi'nde Sendikalar Kanunu'nda değişiklik yapılması, Türkiye İşçi Partisi'nin 4 Milletvekili dışında 230 oyla kabul edildi. Yasada yapılan değişiklikler, kısa adı DİSK olan Devrimci İşçi Sendikaları Konfederasyonu'nun faaliyetlerini kısıtlamayı amaçlıyordu. Devrimci İşçi Sendikaları Konfederasyonu, 15 Haziran'da eylem kararı aldı.
 1973 - Mardin'in Kızıltepe ilçesinde aşiretler arasında çatışma çıktı. Aralarında Adalet Partisi İlçe Başkanı'nın da bulunduğu 12 kişi öldürüldü.
 1973 - Güney Afrika'da siyahi rektör atanmasını isteyen 1500 öğrenci, üniversiteden uzaklaştırıldı.
 1978 - 3 bin hükümlünün yararlanacağı yeni infaz yasasının yürürlüğe girmesiyle tahliyeler başladı.
 1979 - Cumhuriyet tarihinin 5. devalüasyonu yapıldı; Türk lirası'nın 1 Dolar karşılığı değeri 47 lira 10 kuruş oldu.
 1981 - Bülent Ersoy'un sahneye çıkması yasaklandı.
 1982 - E.T. filmi ABD'de gösterime girdi. Melissa Mathison'ın öyküsünü Steven Spielberg sinemaya uyarlamış ve film 4 Oscar kazanmıştır. Ayrıca, filmdeki kahraman kısa bir süreliğine ikon olmuştur.
 1982 - Türkiye Güzeli Nazlı Deniz Kuruoğlu, Avrupa Güzeli seçildi.
 1987 - Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (ILO), Türkiye'yi yeniden "İşçi haklarını çiğneyen ülkeler" listesine aldı. Gerekçe; iş yasalarıyla anayasa maddelerinin Türkiye'nin imzaladığı uluslararası sözleşmelere aykırı olmasıydı.
 1997 - Adalet Bakanı Şevket Kazan, Genelkurmay'ın brifingine katılan Ankara Adliyesi ve DGM'de görevli hakim ve savcılar hakkında soruşturma açtırdı.
 1997 - Genelkurmay Başkanlığı bünyesinde irticaya karşı Batı Çalışma Grubu oluşturulduğu bildirildi.
 1998 - Hükûmetin verdiği yüzde 20 zamma tepki gösteren memurlar, iş bırakma eylemi yaptılar.
 1999 - Bakanlar Kurulu, 13 Mayıs 1999 tarihinde Fazilet Partisi'nden Milletvekili seçilen Merve Kavakçı'yı vatandaşlıktan çıkarma kararı aldı. Merve Kavakçı, kararın iptali ve yürütmenin durdurulması istemiyle Danıştay'da dava açtı.
 2001 - 5 Aralık 1791 yılında 35 yaşındayken ölen dahi besteci Mozart'ın ölüm nedeni olarak Trişinoz hastalığı gösterildi.
 2001 - İlaria Alpi Uluslararası Özel Ödülü'nün 7.si Türkiye'den Nadire Mater ile İspanya'dan Carmen Gurruchaga'ya verildi.
 2004 - Elvan Abeylegesse, Golden League yarışmasında Norveç'in Bergen kentinde koştuğu 5000 metre yarışındaki 14:24.68'lik derecesiyle 7 yıldır kırılamayan 5000 metre Dünya rekorunu kırdı ve Dünya rekoru kıran ilk Türk atlet oldu.
 2010 - 2010 FIFA Dünya Kupası, Güney Afrika - Meksika maçı ile başladı.
 2017 - Porto Riko Eyalet Referandumu yapıldı.

Doğumlar
 1456 - Anne Neville, Galler Prensesi, (ö. 1458)
 1572 - Ben Jonson, İngiliz yazar (ö. 1637)
 1659 - Yamamoto Tsunetomo, Japon samuray (ö. 1719)
 1662 - Tokugawa Ienobu, Tokugawa Şogunluğu'nun 6. şogun (ö. 1712)
 1776 - John Constable, İngiliz ressam (ö. 1837)
 1811 - Vissarion Belinski, Rus eleştirmen ve gazeteci (ö. 1848)
 1815 - Julia Margaret Cameron, İngiliz fotoğrafçı (ö. 1879)
 1842 - Karl von Linde, Alman mucit (ö. 1934)
 1847 - Millicent Fawcett, İngiliz feminist (ö. 1929)
 1864 - Richard Strauss, Alman besteci (ö. 1949)
 1870 - Tokála Lúta, Oglala Lakotalarından Siyu yorumcu, aktör ve Siyu Kızılderili hakları savunucusu (ö. 1976)
 1874 - Helen Bradford Thompson Woolley, Amerikalı psikolog (ö. 1947)
 1876 - Alfred Louis Kroeber, Amerikalı antropolog (ö. 1960)
 1880 - Jeannette Rankin, Amerikalı feminist siyasetçi (ö. 1973)
 1881 - Mordecai Kaplan, Amerikalı haham, eğitimci ve ilahiyatçı (ö. 1983)
 1884 - Werner Issel, Alman mimar (ö. 1974)
 1888 - Bartolomeo Vanzetti, İtalyan göçmeni Amerikalı anarşist (ö. 1927)
 1899 - Yasunari Kavabata, Japon romancı ve Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü sahibi (ö. 1972)
 1910 - Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Fransız kaşif, bilim insanı ve film yapımcısı (ö. 1997)
 1923 - Özdemir Asaf, Türk şair (ö. 1981)
 1928 - Fabiola, Belçika'nın eski kraliçesi (ö. 2014)
 1929 - Ayhan Şahenk, Türk iş insanı (ö. 2001)
 1931 - Enzo Benedetti, İtalyan futbolcu ve teknik direktör (ö. 2017)
 1933 - Erol Pekcan, Türk cazcı ve baterist (ö. 1994)
 1939 - Jackie Stewart, İskoç Formula 1 pilotu
 1948 - Lynsey de Paul, İngiliz rock şarkıcısı, besteci, piyanist ve söz yazarı (ö. 2014)
 1957 - Müfit Erkasap, Türk teknik direktör
 1959 - Hugh Laurie, İngiliz aktör
 1960 - Mehmet Öz, Türk kalp damar cerrahı
 1964 - Jean Alesi, İtalyan asıllı Fransız Formula 1 yarışçısı
 1966 - Greg Grunberg, Amerikalı aktör
 1969 - Peter Dinklage, Amerikalı film, televizyon ve tiyatro oyuncusu
 1977 - Ryan Dunn, Amerikalı dublör sanatçısı, aktör ve komedyen (ö. 2011)
 1977 - Mehnaz Afşar, İranlı oyuncu
 1978 - Joshua Jackson, Kanadalı-Amerikalı oyuncu
 1979 - Danilo Gabriel de Andrade, Brezilyalı profesyonel futbolcu
 1981 - Emiliano Moretti, İtalyan futbolcu
 1982 - Marco Arment, Amerikalı web geliştiricisi
 1983 - Ekaterina Iourieva, Rus atlet
 1984 - Vágner Love, Brezilyalı futbolcu
 1985 - Dzmitrıy Koldun, Beyaz Rus şarkıcı
 1985 - Oswal Álvarez, Kolombiyalı futbolcu
 1986 - Shia LaBeouf, Amerikalı aktör
 1987 - Gonzalo Castro, Alman futbolcu
 1987 - Marsel İlhan, Özbek asıllı Türk millî tenisçi
 1988 - Claire Holt, Avustralyalı aktris ve model
 1988 - Marcos Antônio Nascimento Santos, Brezilyalı eski futbolcu
 1989 - Lorenzo Ariaudo, İtalyan futbolcu
 1991 - Dan Howell, İngiliz YouTuber
 1992 - Julian Alaphilippe, Fransız yol bisikleti ve cyclocross yarışçısı
 1998 - Charlie Tahan, Amerikalı oyuncu
 1999 - Kai Havertz, Alman futbolcu

Ölümler
 840 - Junna, Japonya'nın geleneksel veraset düzenine göre 53. imparatorudur (d. 785)
 1183 - Genç Kral Henry, II. Henry ile Akitanya Düşesi Eleanor'un hayatta kalan en büyük çocukları (d. 1155)
 1216 - I. Henri, Konstantinopolis'te kurulan Latin İmparatorluğu'nun 1206 ile 1216 tarihleri arasında ikinci imparatoru (d. 1174)
 1345 - Aleksios Apokaukos, Bizanslı devlet adamı ve asker (d. ?)
 1488 - III. James, 1460'tan 1488'e kadar İskoçya kralı (d. 1451)
 1557 - III. João, Portekiz Kralı (d. 1502)
 1683 - Nikita Pustosvyat, Rusya'da Rus ortodoks kilisesi tarafından yapılan reformlara karşı çıkan Lipovanlar'ın lideri (d. ?)
 1727 - I. George, İngiltere Kralı ve Hannover Elektörü (d. 1660)
 1847 - Afonso, Brezilya İmparatorluğu tahtının veliahtı (d. 1845)
 1847 - John Franklin, Britanyalı gezgin, kâşif (d. 1786)
 1852 - Karl Briullov, Rus ressam (d. 1799)
 1859 - Klemens von Metternich, Avusturyalı diplomat (d. 1773)
 1903 - Nikolai Vasilieviç Bugaev, Rus matematikçi (d. 1837)
 1903 - Aleksandar Obrenoviç, Sırbistan kralı (d. 1876)
 1909 - Simon Newcomb, Kanadalı-Amerikalı astronom ve matematikçi (d. 1835)
 1913 - Mahmud Şevket Paşa, Osmanlı asker ve devlet adamı (ö. 1856)
 1928 - Pekka Aakula, Fin siyasetçi (d. 1866)
 1934 - Lev Vıgotski, Sovyet psikolog (d. 1896)
 1936 - Robert E. Howard, Amerikalı yazar (d. 1906)
 1942 - Selahattin Enis Atabeyoğlu, Türk roman ve hikâye yazarı (d. 1892)
 1955 - Pierre Levegh, Fransız yarış pilotuydu (d. 1905)
 1956 - Corrado Alvaro, İtalyan romancı ve şair (d. 1895)
 1963 - Thich Quang Duc, Vietnamlı Budist rahip (d. 1897)
 1964 - Plaek Phibunsongkhram, 1938'den 1944'e ve 1948'den 1957'ye kadar Tayland Başbakanı olarak görev yapan Taylandlı askeri subay ve politikacı (d. 1897)
 1970 - Aleksandr Kerenski, Rus siyasetçi (d. 1881)
 1971 - Roland Rohn, Alman mimar (d. 1905)
 1974 - Julius Evola, İtalyan politika, felsefe, tarih ve tradisyonalist bakış açısından dini konularda yazıları olan yazar (d. 1898)
 1979 - John Wayne, Amerikalı oyuncu ve En İyi Erkek Oyuncu Akademi Ödülü sahibi (d. 1907)
 1984 - Enrico Berlinguer, İtalyan Komünist Partisi Genel Sekreteri (d. 1922)
 1988 - Giuseppe Saragat, İtalyan sosyalist politikacı (d. 1898)
 1990 - Oldřich Nejedlý, Çek eski millî futbolcu (d. 1909)
 1993 - Friedrich Thielen, Alman siyasetçi (d. 1916)
 1999 - DeForest Kelley, Amerikalı oyuncu (d. 1920)
 2004 - Jorge Martínez Boero, Arjantinli otomobil yarışçısı (d. 1937)
 2005 - Vasco Gonçalves, Portekizli general ve siyasetçi (d. 1922)
 2007 - Mala Powers, Amerikalı aktris (d. 1931)
 2011 - Eliyahu M. Goldratt, İsrailli iş insanı (d. 1947)
 2012 - Ann Rutherford, Kanada asıllı Amerikalı oyuncu (d. 1917)
 2012 - Teófilo Stevenson, Kübalı amatör boksör (d. 1952)
 2013 - Robert Fogel, Amerikalı ekonomist (d. 1926)
 2014 - Ruby Dee, Amerikalı oyuncu, yazar ve İnsan Hakları savunucusu (d. 1922)
 2015 - Ornette Coleman, Amerikalı caz müzisyeni (d. 1930)
 2015 - Ron Moody, İngiliz oyuncu (d. 1924)
 2015 - Dusty Rhodes, Amerikalı eski profesyonel güreşçi (d. 1945)
 2016 - Rudi Altig, Alman profesyonel bisikletçi (d. 1937)
 2016 - Christina Grimmie, Amerikalı şarkıcı ve söz yazarı (d. 1994)
 2017 - Errol Christie, Eski profesyonel İngiliz boksör ve boks antrenörü (d. 1963)
 2017 - David Fromkin, Amerikalı yazar, avukat ve tarihçi (d. 1932)
 2017 - Jim Graham, İskoçya doğumlu Amerikalı politikacı (d. 1945)
 2018 - Oscar Furlong, Arjantinli tenis ve basketbol oyuncusu, antrenör (d. 1927)
 2018 - Yvette Horner, Fransız akordeon sanatçısı (d. 1922)
 2018 - Roman Kłosowski, Polonyalı oyuncu (d. 1929)
 2019 - Carl Bertelsen, Danimarkalı eski futbolcu (d. 1937)
 2019 - Gabriele Grunewald, Amerikalı orta mesafe koşucusu kadın atlet (d. 1986)
 2019 - Valeria Valeri, İtalyan kadın dublaj sanatçısı, tiyatro, sinema ve dizi oyuncusu (d. 1921)
 2020 - Kraisak Choonhavan, Taylandlı siyasetçi ve müzisyen (d. 1947)
 2020 - Katsuhisa Hattori, Japon klasik besteci ve hukukçu (d. 1936)
 2020 - Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet, Gabonlu diplomat ve siyasetçi (d. 1961)
 2020 - Rosa Maria Sardà, İspanyol aktris, komedyen ve politik aktivist (d. 1941)
 2021 - Geoffrey Edelsten, Avustralyalı girişimci ve iş adamı (d. 1943)
 2021 - Kay Hawtrey, Kanadalı aktris (d. 1926)
 2021 - Paola Pigni, İtalyan orta ve uzun mesafe koşucusu (d. 1945)
 2021 - Lucinda Riley, Kuzey İrlandalı oyuncu ve yazardır (d. 1965)
 2022 - Bernd Bransch, Doğu Almanya uyruklu eski millî futbolcudur (d. 1944)
 2022 - Yuri Mamonov, Rus siyasetçi (d. 1958)
 2022 - Peter Reusse, Alman aktör (d. 1941)
 2023 - Suna Kan, Türk keman virtüözü (d. 1936)

Tatiller ve özel günler
 Hristiyanlıkta "Aziz Barnabas Günü"

0611
11

11 Haziran


An Neurachne in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Neurachne in nahilalakip ha familia nga Poaceae.

An kladograma hini sumala ha Catalogue of Life:

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Neurachne

Neurachne


Francisco Coelho, o do Olho
 Francisco Coelho (halterofilista)
 Francisco Coelho (político)

Desambiguação

Francisco Coelho


Koku - Koku alma duyusu.
 Koku (kitap) - Patrick Süskind'in bir romanı.
 Koku: Bir Katilin Hikayesi - Patrick Süskind'in romanından uyarlanan 2006 yılı yapımı film.
 Koku (albüm) - Beyza Durmaz 'ın 2005 yılında çıkardığı müzik albümü.

Koku (anlam ayrımı)


Jaime Manuel Fernández González (La Vega, 4 de septiembre de 1920 – Santo Domingo, 6 de septiembre de 1988) fue un catedrático, político y masón dominicano.

Profesor Meritísimo de la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, obtuvo el doctorado en Derecho Summa Cum Laude en 1953.

Fue condecorado con la orden de Boyacá en la República de Colombia.

Vida masónica

Como Gran Maestro de la Gran Logia de la República Dominicana, se convirtió en el principal líder de la Masonería Continental al ser elegido unánimemente como Presidente de la Confederación Masónica Interamericana, siendo el primer dominicano que ostentó esa alta posición.

En 1970, presidió la VIII Conferencia Interamericana de la Masonería Simbólica.

Fue Gran Maestro de la Gran Orden Unida de Odfelos en la República Dominicana y desempeñó altas posiciones siendo además miembro de honor de 57 logias masónicas nacionales e internacionales.

Vida política
Siendo Secretario de Estado de la Presidencia, medió en la retirada de la Fuerza Interamericana de Paz del territorio dominicano durante la invasión norteamericana de abril de 1965

Al fallecer el expresidente de la República, García Godoy, el presidente fundador del Movimiento de Conciliación Nacional (MCN), Jaime Manuel Fernández González, lo sustituyó.

Fue candidato presidencial por el Movimiento de Conciliación Nacional en las elecciones de 1970, 1974 y 1978. Fue uno de los oradores centrales del histórico mitin del Bloque de la Dignidad Nacional celebrado por diversos partidos políticos en una manifestación unitaria.

Vida magisterial
Fue catedrático en la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo en Derecho Internacional Privado y Público.  Fundó varias escuelas como el Centro Masónico de Estudios, la Escuela Primaria y Secundaria de Villa Faro.

Nombramientos y distinciones

Entre sus cargos en la Administración Pública, desempeñó los de Consultor Jurídico de la Secretaría de Interior y Policía, Secretario General de la Liga Municipal Dominicana, donde organizó y forjó el Sistema Administrativo de los Ayuntamientos del país. Superintendente de Bancos; Controlador y Auditor General de la República, Secretario General de la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo; profesor titular de Derecho Internacional Privado y Público de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD); Secretario Administrativo de la Presidencia; Secretario de Estado de Relaciones Exteriores; Presidente de Educación y Presidente del Consejo Nacional de Educación. Presidente de la Confederación Masónica Interamericana; Vicepresidente del Comité Olímpico Dominicano; Gran Maestro Emérito de la Orden Odfélica; Presidente de la Delegación Dominicana ante el primer periodo ordinario de sesiones de la Organización de Estados Americanos, Presidencia de la Comisión Jurídica y Política de la OEA; Presidente de la Delegación Nacional ante el XXV Período de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA) de sesiones de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas; Presidente de la Delegación Dominicana ante la IV y V reuniones de la Comisión Conjunta Dominico-Puertorriqueña; Oficial de la República en Reuniones de Cancilleres y Ejecutivo de la Confederación Masónica Interamericana.

Recibió la Condecoración de la Orden del Mérito de Duarte, Sánchez y Mella, en el Grado de Gran Cruz Placa de Plata el 10 de septiembre de 1970 y, además, la Orden de Cristóbal Colón el 1° de abril del 1971.

La República de El Salvador le confirió la Orden Nacional José Matías Delgado en el Grado de Gran Cruz de Plata. Recibió la condecoración de la Orden de la Nube Propicia en el Grado de Gran Cordón del Gobierno de República de China (Taiwán), el 24 de octubre de 1971. También fue condecorado por el presidente de la República de Colombia. Se le confirió la condecoración de la Gran Cruz de la Orden de Boyacá el 20 de abril de 1971, así como la  Orden de Rubén Darío de Nicaragua.

También fue condecorado por el Presidente Salvador Allende. Durante su visita a Haití, recibió la Orden Nacional Panamericana de Pétion y Bolívar, y la Orden de Rubén Darío, en la República de El Salvador.

Holanda le distinguió con la Orden de Orange-Nassau de los Países Bajos, y obtuvo la medalla de Oro del Peregrino Distinguido de Jerusalén, así como la gran cruz de la Orden del Mérito Civil de España.

Se entrevistó con el papa Pablo VI en la Ciudad del Vaticano, en el año 1973 y con el papa Juan Pablo II, en 1986.

Presidente del Comité de Impedidos y ancianidad del Club Rotario Santo Domingo Mirador. Diplomado de Reconocimiento de la Asociación de Profesores de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la UASD.

El Ayuntamiento del Distrito Nacional lo distinguió designando con su nombre una calle ubicada en el sector de Arroyo Hondo.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Confederación Masónica Interamericana

 Gran Logia de la República Dominicana

 Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo

Masones de la República Dominicana
Políticos de República Dominicana
Orden al Mérito de Duarte, Sánchez y Mella
Grandes cruces de la Orden del Mérito Civil
Orden de la Nube Propicia

Jaime Manuel Fernández González


Tupela (lat. Nyssa), biljni rod iz porodice tupelovki kojemu pripada sedam priznatih vrsta grmlja i drveća iz jugoistoćne Azije i Sjeverne Amerike. Naziv tupelo dolazi iz jezika Creek Indijanaca, od  ito 'drvo' i opilwa 'močvara'. A po ovom drvetu imenovan je i grad Tupelo u Mississippiju.

Poznatije vrste su kineski tupelo (N. sinensis), ogeče tupelo (N. ogeche), i crna guma ili crni tupelo (N. sylvatica) koji raste po močvarama

Vrste
 Nyssa aquatica  L.
 Nyssa bifida Craib
 Nyssa javanica  (Blume) Wangerin
 Nyssa ogeche  W.Bartram ex Marshall
 Nyssa sinensis Oliv.
 Nyssa sylvatica  Marshall
 Nyssa talamancana Hammel & N.Zamora

Izvori

Tupelovke

Tupelo


Gazetecilik, gazetecinin yaptığı iş. Gazeteci, haber ve bilgi kaynağına çabuk ulaşmak ve bu kaynaklardan edindiği bilgi ve haberleri okurlara sunma işini üstlenmiştir. En etkili basın-yayın araçlarından biridir.

Gazetecinin bu görevini yapabilmesi için habere, olaya, olguya, belgeye ve bilgiye dayalı yazılar yazması gerekir. Bunun için de gazetecinin güvenilir kişi olması zorunludur. Gerektiğinde hükûmetlere ve güç odaklarına karşı savaşmayı "Gazetecilik etik kuralları" içerisinde göze alan insan, gazetecidir.

Gazetecilik türleri

Haberciliğe daha ciddi yaklaşan gazeteler okuyucularına dünyada olup bitenlere ilişkin olabildiğince fazla ve doğru bilgi vermek amacındadır. Gazetecilik, haberi doğru kaynaktan almakla yükümlüdür. Gazetecilik kulaktan dolma bilgilerle yapılmaz. Şantaj, karalama, kirletme, yalan haber, yıpratma gibi unsurları içermez. Gazeteci kanunlara saygılı, ahlaklı, namuslu, dürüst, çalışkan olması gereken kişilerdir. Gazetecilik mesleğinin okullarından alınan eğitimli kişiler mesleklerinde başarılı, kurallarına uyan, uygun davranışlarda bulunan kişilerdir. Gazetecilik bölümünde okuyanlar ruhsatlı gazetecilerdir. Gazetecilik vasıflarına yatkın kişilerdir. Bu bölümü okuyanlar, akademik olarak da  başarılı olabilir, serbest piyasada veya kurum çatısı altında da çalışabilirler. Gazetecilik ruhsatına sahip kişiler bu işin okulunu okumuş kişilerdir. Bunun dışında meslekte yeterli olmayan, kendilerini meslektaş gibi gösteren kişilere de rastlamak mümkündür. Gazetecilik içinde muhabir, editör, grafikçi, foto muhabiri, yazı işleri müdürü, sorumlu yazı işleri müdürü, genel yayın yönetmeni gibi unvanları alır. Televizyonlarda da haber programları yapabilir, gazete ve dergilerde de çalışabilirler. Ayrıca kurumların basın yayın müdürlüklerinde de çalışma imkanlarına ulaşabilirler.

Etik

Herhangi bir menfaat grubuna bağlanmadan, açık fikirli, dürüst, önyargılardan uzak ve kişilik haklarına saygılı olmak, gazeteciliğin olmazsa olmaz koşullarındandır. Gazetecilik mesleği ve gazetecilik sektörü (gazete, radyo, televizyon, İnternet gibi kitlesel yayın organları) demokratik toplumlarda anayasanın öngördüğü üç devlet gücü yanında (yasayıcı-meclis, yürütücü-hükûmet, yargılayıcı-mahkemeler) dördüncü denetleyici devlet gücü olarak anılır.

Gazetecilik alanları
 Açıklayıcı gazetecilik
 Analitik gazetecilik
 Anlatı gazeteciliği
 Araştırmacı gazetecilik
 Askerî gazetecilik
 Barış gazeteciliği
 Ana akım medya
 Haber medyası
 Basın bülteni
 Bilim gazeteciliği
 Bilimsel gazetecilik
 Blog gazeteciliği
 Çevre gazeteciliği
 Çizgi roman gazeteciliği
 Doğruluk kontrolü
 Dış haber gazeteciliği
 Eğlence gazeteciliği
 Fotoğraf gazeteciliği
 Görsel gazetecilik
 Görüş gazeteciliği
 Gözcü gazeteciliği
 Hava durumu gazeteciliği
 Immersion gazetecilik
 İliştirilmiş gazetecilik
 İnternet gazeteciliği
 İş gazeteciliği
 İşbirlikçi gazetecilik
 Kar amacı gütmeyen gazetecilik
 Moda gazeteciliği
 Multimedya gazeteciliği
 Müzik gazeteciliği
 Sanat gazeteciliği
 Savaş muhabiri
 Savunucu gazetecilik
 Sivil gazetecilik
 Siyasi gazetecilik
 Spor gazeteciliği
 Teknoloji gazeteciliği
 Tıbbi gazetecilik
 Ticaret gazeteciliği
 Topluluk gazeteciliği
 Trafik gazeteciliği
 Veritabanı gazeteciliği
 Video gazeteciliği
 Video oyunu haberciliği
 Yavaş gazetecilik
 Yayın gazeteciliği
 Yeni Gazetecilik
 Yeraltı basın
 Yorumsal gazetecilik
 Yurttaş gazeteciliği

Ayrıca bakınız
 Türkiye Gazetecilik Başarı Ödülleri
 Gazetecilik Meclisi Girişimi
 Gazeteciler ve Yazarlar Vakfı
 Gazeteciler ve Basın Bayramı
 Gazeteciler Cemiyeti
 Gazetecileri Koruma Komitesi
 Haber sunucusu
 Basın özgürlüğü
 Elektronik gazete
 Haber ajansı
 Alternatif medya
 Adam köpeği ısırdı

Kaynakça

Gazetecilik


Ernest Demuyter, né le  et mort le , est un homme politique et aviateur belge.

Biographie

Ernest Demuyter a participé à la Coupe aéronautique Gordon Bennett dont il fut vainqueur de 1920 à 1924 puis en 1936 et 1937. En 1936, il reçut le Trophée national du Mérite sportif en aérostation.

Il fut élu à la 34e législature de la Chambre des représentants de Belgique, 35e et 36e, 37e et 38e.

l'Aéro-Club Royal de Belgique a créé en 2018 un prix Ernest Demuyter grâce à la fondation Albert et Lydia Demuyter.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Député belge
Aviateur belge
Naissance en mars 1893
Décès en février 1963
Naissance à Gand
Décès à 69 ans
Lieu de décès inconnu

Ernest Demuyter


Mörlach ist ein Gemeindeteil des Marktes Bechhofen im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geografie
Das Dorf liegt am Mörlachgraben, der 0,5 km weiter östlich als rechter Zufluss in die Altmühl mündet. Im Nordwesten liegt das Waldgebiet Hölzlein, im Westen grenzt das Flurgebiet Toräcker an. Im Süden erhebt sich in einem Waldgebiet der Hungerbühl und der Mörlacher Buck (ca. ).

Die Kreisstraße AN 55 führt nach Oberndorf (1,2 km östlich) bzw. nach Großenried zur Staatsstraße 2220 (2,7 km westlich). Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Haag (0,7 km nördlich).

Geschichte
1374 kaufte das Kloster Heilsbronn in Mörlach ein Gefälle von Friz Schem. 1479 kaufte das Kloster dort ein Gut. Neben dem Heilsbronn waren dort auch Eichstätt, der Deutschorden und die Herren von Seckendorf begütert.

Mörlach lag im Fraischbezirk des ansbachischen Oberamtes Feuchtwangen. 1732 bestand der Ort aus 23 Anwesen und einem Gemeindehirtenhaus. Grundherren waren das Verwalteramt Merkendorf (2 Anwesen), das eichstättische Kastenamt Arberg-Ornbau (14 Anwesen), das Stadtvogteiamt Eschenbach des Deutschen Ordens (4 Anwesen) und das Rittergut Wiesethbruck (2 Anwesen, 1 Wirtschaft). An diesen Verhältnissen hatte sich bis zum Ende des Alten Reiches nichts geändert. Von 1797 bis 1808 unterstand der Ort dem Justiz- und Kammeramt Feuchtwangen.

1806 kam Mörlach an das Königreich Bayern. Mit dem Gemeindeedikt wurde Mörlach dem Steuerdistrikt Großenried zugeordnet. Wenig später entstand die Ruralgemeinde Mörlach. Sie war in Verwaltung und Gerichtsbarkeit dem Landgericht Herrieden zugeordnet. Die Gemeinde hatte eine Gebietsfläche von 3,159 km². Im Zuge der Gebietsreform in Bayern wurde diese am 1. Juli 1971 nach Bechhofen eingemeindet.

Baudenkmäler
 Katholische Ortskapelle, massiver Satteldachbau, mit Dachreiter, neugotisch, 1878; mit Ausstattung.
 Feuerwehrhaus, eingeschossiger schlichter Satteldachbau, 2. Hälfte 19. Jahrhundert; bei der Ortskapelle.
 Wegkreuz, Kreuzigungsgruppe, Gusseisen auf Sandsteinsockel, um 1850; an der Straße nach Großenried am Ortsausgang.
 Wegkreuz, Gusseisenkruzifixus auf Sandsteinsockel, 2. Hälfte 19. Jahrhundert; am Ortsausgang nach Ornbau.
 Im Hungerbühl: Wegkreuz, Gusseisenkruzifixus auf Sandsteinsockel, 19. Jahrhundert; an der Straße nach Wiesethbruck 200 m außerhalb.
 Oberes Hölzlein: Wegkreuz, Gusseisenkruzifixus auf Sandsteinsockel, Mitte 19. Jahrhundert; an der Straße nach Großenried, ca. 400 m außerhalb des Ortes.
 Am Oberndorfer Weg: Bildstockkapelle, kleiner Ziegelbau mit Satteldach, um 1900; am Fußweg nach Taugenroth.
 Am Oberndorfer Weg: Bildstockfragment, wohl 18. Jahrhundert, Aufsatz mit Kreuz neu ergänzt.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist römisch-katholisch geprägt und nach St. Laurentius (Großenried) gepfarrt. Die Protestanten sind nach Sommersdorf gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Bechhofen, Mittelfranken)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Ansbach)
Gemeindeauflösung 1971
Dorf

Mörlach (Bechhofen)


Hideaki Takeda (født 22. maj 1985) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Fagiano Okayama.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Hideaki Takeda


Knez Pavao Radenović (Radinović) (? – 1415.) bio je jedan od najmoćnijih bosanskih plemića s kraja 14. i početka 15. stoljeća. Sin je rodonačelnika obitelji, plemića Radena (Radina) Jablanića. Pavao je rodonačelnik Pavlovića.

Matični kraj bila mu je Prača. Udario je temelje velikoj obiteljskom posjedu, "zemlji Pavlovića". Nakon smrti kralja Tvrtka I. oslabila je središnja vlast, pa se Pavao širio iz matične Prače i utvrđenih gradova Borča i Pavlovca prema središnjoj Bosni i ka jugu. Posjedi su mu se prostirali u pravoj Bosni između rijeke Bosne i Drine sa stolnim gradom Borčem. Imao je Ustikolinu (između Foče i Goražda), Dobrun i Vrhbosnu. Držao je posjede u okolici današnjeg Sarajeva (Vrhbosna), Praču, Borač (kraj Vlasenice) i olovni rudokop Olovo, a od kraja 14. stoljeća još i Trebinje, Vrm s Klobukom i dio Konavala. Trebinje ( Popovo polje) i dio Konavala preuzeo je od Sankovića.

Po nalogu kralja Stjepana Dabiše Vlatko Vuković i knez Pavao Radinović napali su Sankoviće koji su u travnju 1391. prodali Dubrovčanima Konavle. Izbacili su ih iz Konavala, kralju ih nisu vratili, nego podijelili među sobom. Kod važnog trgovišta Prače izgradio je utvrđeni grad Pavlovac. Nakon smrti kralja Stjepana Dabiše 1395., podupro je izbor Jelene Grube za bosansku kraljicu.
Ostvario je dobre odnose s Dubrovačkom Republikom. Dubrovčanima je dao 1397. povlasticu o slobodnoj trgovini na svom posjedu, a oni su mu dali dubrovačko građanstvo. Godine 1415. godine ubijen je u Sutisci po nalogu vojvode Sandalja Hranića, na Parenoj poljani. Na čelu plemićke zavjere protiv Radenovića čini se bili su bosanski kralj i ban Stjepan Ostoja. Pavao je bio pristaša protukralja Tvrtka II., osmanskog štićenika.
O smrti svog građanina dubrovačku je vladu 24. kolovoza 1415. izvijestio Ivan Gundulić, dubrovački poslanik na kraljevskom dvoru u Sutisci.

Imao je dvojicu sinova, vojvodu Petra I. († 1420.) i kneza Radoslava († 1441.). Radi zaštite obiteljske imovine, zatražili su zaštitu od Turskog Carstva koje je sve više upadalo. Braća su pokrenuli vojnu protiv Sandalja Hranića (1415. – 1420.) i Kosača, smatrajući ih krivima. Pavlova smrt izazvala je sukob s Kosačama, tj. Hranićima. Zbog toga što su uživali osmansku zaštitu i pomoć, Pavlovići su uspješno ratovali te su Sandalja Hranića potisnuli na njegove posjede u Humu i Konavlima.

Petar I. je poginuo u borbi s dojučerašnjim podupirateljima Turcima, a Radoslav se oženio Teodorom, kćeri Vukca Hranića. Skupa sa sinom, knezom Ivanišem, Radoslav je ratovao s Dubrovnikom za Konavle. Rat je okončan mirom 1427. godine.

Izvori

Hrvatinići

Pavao Radinović


Sariego (asturisch Sariegu) ist eine Gemeinde (concejo) in der Autonomen Region Asturien in Spanien. Der Hauptort und Sitz der Gemeindeverwaltung ist La Vega.

Geographie

Geologie
Die Region wurde im Trias und Jura geformt. Der Untergrund besteht überwiegend aus Sandstein und Kalkstein.

Gewässer
 Der Rio Seco entspringt nahe dem Dorf Miares
 Cer Rio Nora entspringt nahe San Roman

Lage
Die Gemeinde Sariego ist begrenzt von

Geschichte
Es gibt Hinweise auf eine Besiedlung während der römischen Besetzung, doch konnte diese bis heute nicht mit Sicherheit nachgewiesen werden.

Erstmals erwähnt wurde Sariego im Jahre 996 in einer Urkunde im Erzbistum Oviedo, aus der eine Schenkung des Königs Bermudo II. und seiner Frau Elvira an das Kloster San Pelayo in Oviedo hervorgeht.

Anhaltende Besitzstreitigkeiten im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert veranlassten König Alfons IX. zum Eingreifen. Er bestellte die selbständige Gemeinde mit eigener Gerichtsbarkeit und beendete damit den Zwist.

Jovellanos, einer der Vordenker der Aufklärung, errichtete während seiner Verbannung nach Asturien eine Pilgerherberge nahe der Kirche Santa María de Narzana, was die Gemeinde zu einer wichtigen Station auf dem Camino de la Costa machte.

Im frühen 19. Jahrhundert war die Gemeinde  während des Spanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieges Durchzugsgebiet für die französische Armee. Die Guerillas brachten dabei den Invasionstruppen von den Berghängen aus immer wieder blutige Verluste bei. Während des Spanischen Bürgerkrieges wurde in der Gemeinde ein kleiner Feldflugplatz eingerichtet.

Politik

Wirtschaft

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Quelle:  – grafische Aufarbeitung für Wikipedia

Parroquias

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Pfarrkirche Santiago el Mayor aus dem 10. Jahrhundert
 Kirche Santa María de Narzana

Quellen

 Bevölkerungszahlen siehe
 Koordinaten und Höhenangaben siehe Google Earth
 Postleitzahlen

Weblinks

 Seite der Asturischen Gemeinden (spanischer Text)
 Seiten der Gemeinde im Tourismusportal Vivirasturias (spanischer und englischer Text)

Sariego


Stema municipiului Alexandria a fost aprobată pe 18 decembrie 2002. Aceasta se compune dintr-un scut fasciat. În partea superioară, în câmp albastru, este reprezentat un cal de argint, în galop. În partea inferioară, în câmp de hermină, sunt reprezentate două mâini înfrățite, naturale, cu manșete negre. Pe fascia verde se află douăsprezece lacrimi de argint, dispuse șase cu șase și despărțite de șase besanți de aur.

Semnificația elementelor:
 Calul de argint este simbol al curajului și este o trimitere la preocupările oamenilor acestor locuri în activitatea de creștere a animalelor, de negoț, dar evocă și faptul că locuitorii au trebuit să facă față năvălirilor străine, amintind de lupta pentru apărare.
 Cele două mâini reprezintă credința, evocând legăturile stabilite între oameni în vederea realizării unui scop comun; hermina este un atribut domnesc și amintește de domnitorul Alexandru Dimitrie Ghica (1834-1842), întemeietorul orașului.
 Fascia cu lacrimi și besanți este inspirată din vechea stemă a Ghiculeștilor, ele amintind lupta pentru unitate națională, permanenta sete de apă a Bărăganului și rolul apei în dezvoltarea economică și socială a urbei.
 Turnurile crenelate, în număr de șapte, conferă localității rangul de municipiu reședință de județ.

Legături externe
 HOTĂRÂRE nr.1.538 din 18 decembrie 2002 privind aprobarea stemei municipiului Alexandria, județul Teleorman

 Stemele municipiilor din România
Alexandria, România

Stema municipiului Alexandria


Argences () is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region of north-western France. It is in the urban area of Caen, 15 kilometres from the city.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Argençais or Argençaises

The commune has been awarded one flower by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.

Geography
Argences is some 15 km south-east of Caen and 1 km north of Moult. Access to the commune is by the D37 road from Saint-Pair in the north passing through the commune and the town and continuing to Moult in the south. The D41 road goes east from the town to join the D613 to Caen at Vimont. The D80 road also goes north-east from the town to Saint-Pierre-du-Jonquet. Apart from the town there are also the hamlets of Le Fresne to the north, Le Mesnil in the north-east, and Le Croix de Moult south of the town. The commune consists of a large residential area in the town with a large forest in the north-east (the Bois de Saint-Gilles) with small scattered forests but mostly farmland.

The Muane river flows through the town and the commune from south to north.

History
In 989, Richard I of Normandy donated land to the Abbey of Fécamp for the curates of Mondeville and Argences. From that date, the domain of Mondeville was managed as an ecclesiastical fief by the Barony of Argences. During the ducal era the wines of Argences were highly regarded.

In 1912, the large tile factory at Fresne built a railway line 4 km long connecting Argences to Moult-Argences Station in Moult on the Paris-Cherbourg line. The line from Argences was closed in 1931 and the nearest station is now Moult-Argences (TER Basse-Normandie).

On 16 April 1942, a group of resistance fighters derailed a Maastricht-Cherbourg train two kilometres from Moult-Argences station in Airan commune causing 28 dead and 19 wounded - all German soldiers. On 30 April of that year, in revenge for German retaliation, a new derailment of the same train killed 10 German soldiers and wounded 22 others.

Heraldry

Administration
List of Mayors

Mayors from 1929

Population

Economy
The newspaper L'Echo de la Muance was published in Argences from 1896 to 1897.

Sites and monuments
The Chateau of Fresne (1651) is registered as an historical monument.
The Church of Saint-Jean was destroyed by bombing in 1944 and only the wall of the apse remains.
The Moulin de la Porte (Mill of the door) where the wheel is powered by the Muance.
The Lavoir (Public laundry) in the Rue de la Morte eau.
The old Tuileries de Beauvais tile factory.

Argences picture gallery

Activities and events
The association of rural families organizes dance classes for children and adults (beginners, modern dance, Fit'n dance).

Notable people linked to the commune
Dominique Lemesle (1951-2007): Assistant Football Referee - 1st French Division (1979-1982)
François Fayt (1946-): composer.
Yohann Eudeline (1982-), French footballer who played at the local football club until 2000.

See also
Communes of the Calvados department

References

External links
 Argences on the Community of Communes website
Argences on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Calvados (department)

Argences