Kenneth Robert Rosewall  (born 2 November 1934) is an Australian former world top-ranking professional tennis player. Rosewall won 147 singles titles, including a record 15 Pro Majors and 8 Grand Slam titles for a total 23 titles at pro and amateur majors. He also won 15 Pro Majors in doubles and 9 Grand Slam doubles titles. Rosewall achieved a Pro Slam in singles in 1963 by winning the three Pro Majors in one year and he completed the Career Grand Slam in doubles.

Rosewall had a renowned backhand and enjoyed a long career at the highest levels from the early 1950s to the early 1970s. Rosewall was ranked as the world No. 1 tennis player by multiple sources from 1961 to 1964, multiple sources in 1970 and Rino Tommasi in 1971 and 1972. Rosewall was first ranked in the top 20 in 1952 and last ranked in the top 20 in 1977. Rosewall is the only player to have simultaneously held Pro Grand Slam titles on three different surfaces (1962–63). At the 1971 Australian Open, he became the first man during the Open Era to win a Grand Slam tournament without dropping a set. Rosewall won world professional championship tours in 1963, 1964, and the WCT titles in 1971 and 1972. A natural left-hander, Rosewall was taught by his father to play right-handed. He developed a powerful, effective backhand but never had anything more than an accurate but relatively soft serve. He was  tall, weighed  and sarcastically was nicknamed "Muscles" by his fellow-players because of his lack of them. He was, however, fast, agile, and tireless, with a deadly volley. A father of two and grandfather of five, Rosewall lives in northern Sydney.

Early life and tennis
Rosewall was born on 2 November 1934 in Hurstville, Sydney. His father, Robert Rosewall, was a grocer in Penshurst, New South Wales, and when Ken was one year old, they moved to Rockdale where his father bought three clay tennis courts. Ken started playing tennis at age 3 with a shortened racket and using both hands for forehand and backhand shots. They practiced early in the morning, focusing on playing one type of shot for a period of weeks. He was a natural left-hander but was taught to play right-handed by his father. He played his first tournament when he was nine and lost to the eventual winner. At age eleven Rosewall won the Metropolitan Hardcourt Championships for under fourteen.

In his youth, Rosewall often played Lew Hoad, and they became known as the Sydney "twins", but they had very different physiques, personalities and playing styles. Their first match in Sydney in January 1947 (when both were aged 12) was played as an opener of an exhibition match between Australia and America. Rosewall won 6–0, 6–0. The two played again a few weeks later, and Rosewall won again in straight sets. Rosewall beat Hoad twice later in 1947 in state age-group championships. "At this stage the consistent baseline strategy of Rosewall was able to doggedly unravel any questions asked by his more aggressive, hard-hitting rival". In 1949, at age 14, Rosewall became the junior champion at the Australian Hardcourt Championships in Sydney, the youngest player to win an Australian title.

Tennis career

Amateur career: 1950 to 1956
1950
In September 1950, at the age of 15, and still a junior player, Rosewall reached the final of the 1950 New South Wales Metropolitan hard court championships, where he lost to Jim Gilchrist. In October, Rosewall reached the semifinals of the 1950 New South Wales Metropolitan grass court Championships (not to be confused with the New South Wales Championships), where he was defeated by the world-class adult player Ken McGregor.

1951
Rosewall won his first men's tournament in Manly, New South Wales in January against Gilchrist and was "the youngest player ever to capture the seaside title. It was also Rosewall's first important win in a tennis tournament. Rosewall played almost flawless ground shots. When he did come into the net, he made no mistake about volleying his winners. Rosewall's only weakness was his smash. He seemed to hurry this shot, and in the second set, he missed eight consecutive smashes." Rosewall beat Adrian Quist in the semifinals of the Brisbane exhibition tournament in August, but he lost the final to Lew Hoad. Ken lost in the final of Metropolitan Hardcourt championships at Naremburn to George Worthington in September. In the New South Wales championships in November, Rosewall pushed reigning Australian and Wimbledon champion Dick Savitt to four sets.

1952
In 1952, still only 17, Rosewall reached the quarterfinals of the U.S. Championships, upsetting the top-seeded Vic Seixas in the fourth round in five sets and then losing to Gardnar Mulloy in five sets. In his end-of-year rankings, the British tennis expert Lance Tingay ranked Rosewall and Lew Hoad, his equally youthful doubles partner, jointly as the tenth best amateur players in the world.

1953
Rosewall was only 18 years old when he won his first singles title at a Grand Slam event in 1953, defeating American Vic Seixas in the semifinals and compatriot Mervyn Rose in the final of the Australian Championships. He also won the French Championships, beating Seixas in the final in four sets, when "the young Australian's mastery in all phases of the game disheartened Seixas as Rosewall beat him repeatedly with perfectly placed shots". Rosewall was the top seed at Wimbledon, but lost in the quarterfinals to Kurt Nielsen. Rosewall reached the semifinals at the U.S. Championships, where he was defeated by Tony Trabert in straight sets. At the Pacific Southwest Championships Rosewall beat Trabert in the semifinals and Seixas in the final in five sets and in the end "Rosewall's superior backhand probably decided the match." Rosewall lost to Trabert in the Challenge Round of the Davis Cup in Melbourne in three sets. Rosewall, however, won the fifth and deciding rubber of this tie, defeating Seixas in four sets. In early September, Tingay placed Trabert first and Rosewall second in his annual amateur rankings. The editors of Tennis de France magazine ranked Rosewall third behind Hoad and Trabert in a full season ranking for 1953. Harry Hopman ranked Rosewall third behind Hoad and Trabert in a full season ranking.

1954
In 1954, Rosewall lost in the semifinals of the Australian championships to Rose. Rosewall played "a fine net game" in beating Mal Anderson in the final of the Darling Downs tournament in April. He defeated Trabert in a five-set semifinal at Wimbledon but lost the final to crowd-favorite Jaroslav Drobný in four sets. At the U.S. Championships, Rosewall lost in the semifinals to Rex Hartwig. At the Victorian championships in December, Rosewall won the title, beating Seixas in the final (the seventh victory by Rosewall in eight meetings between the two players).

1955
Rosewall won the singles title at the Australian Championships for the second time in 1955, defeating Hoad in the final in three sets. Rosewall's "angled shots rattled Hoad and his returns of service were a match-winning factor. Hoad made 74 errors to Rosewall's 52." Ken did not play in the 1955 French Championships because it did not fit in the preparation of the Australian team for the Davis Cup. At Wimbledon, Rosewall lost in the semifinals to unseeded Kurt Nielsen. At the U.S. Championships, Trabert defeated Rosewall in the final in three sets.

1956
In 1956, Rosewall and Hoad captured all the Grand Slam men's doubles titles except at the French Championships, from which Rosewall was absent. For several years in their youthful careers, Rosewall and Hoad were known as "The Gold Dust Twins." In singles, Rosewall lost to Hoad in the final of two Grand Slam tournaments. At the Australian Championships, Hoad defeated Rosewall in four sets and at Wimbledon, Hoad won in four sets. Rosewall, however, prevented Hoad from winning the Grand Slam when Rosewall won their final at the U.S. Championships in four sets. "Rosewall owner of the best backhand in the game, ripped the lines with his passing shots, sent trickly lobs into the swirling winds and caught Hoad flat-footed with stop volleys and drop shots. Frequently Hoad would stop and shake his head in disbelief at some of Rosewall's returns."

Tingay and the editors of Tennis de France both ranked Rosewall No. 2 behind Hoad for 1956.

During his amateur career, Rosewall helped Australia win three Davis Cup Challenge Rounds (1953, 1955 and 1956). Rosewall won 15 of the 17 Davis Cup singles rubbers he played those years, including the last 14 in a row.

Professional career: 1957 to March 1968

Promoter and former tennis great Jack Kramer tried unsuccessfully to sign the "Whiz Kids" (Lew Hoad and Rosewall) to professional contracts in late 1955. But one year later, Rosewall accepted Kramer's offer on 30 December 1956. Rosewall, during the Challenge Round of the Davis Cup, tried to convince his partner Hoad to do the same, but he rejected the proposition.

1957
Rosewall played his first professional match on 14 January 1957 at Kooyong Stadium in Melbourne against Pancho Gonzales, the reigning king of professional tennis, who won a close five-set match. The following day, Rosewall defeated Gonzales in straight sets. Gonzales opened a lead of 5 to 1 in the Australian series. Rosewall explained later that there was a huge gap between the amateur level and the professional level. In their head-to-head world series tour in Australia and the U.S. (until May), Gonzales won 50 matches to Rosewall's 26. During this period, Rosewall also entered two tournaments, the Ampol White City Tournament of Champions at Sydney in February and the U.S. Pro in Cleveland, Ohio] in April. At both events, he was defeated in the semifinals in straight sets; by Frank Sedgman (second best pro in 1956) and Pancho Segura (third best pro in 1956), respectively. At the Forest Hills Tournament of Champions, a round-robin event held in New York, Rosewall defeated Segura and Hoad but lost to Gonzales, Sedgman and Trabert to finish in joint third place.

In September, Rosewall won the Wembley Pro title, beating Segura in a five-set final. This was a significant victory for Rosewall because, of the top professional players, only Sedgman and Tony Trabert did not play. At the end of the year, Rosewall won an Australian tour featuring Lew Hoad, Sedgman, and Segura. Rosewall was offered an undercard position against Trabert for the 1958 world championship tour, but declined.

1958
At the Kooyong Tournament of Champions at Kooyong in January, the richest tournament of the era, Rosewall finished in fourth place, beating Trabert and Segura, but losing to Sedgman, Hoad, and Gonzales.

Rosewall was the runner-up at the Forest Hills Tournament of Champions in June. Both he and Gonzales won five round-robin matches and lost one, but Gonzales claimed the title as he won their head-to-head encounter. Rosewall tied for second (with Pancho Gonzales and Sedgman) behind an undefeated Segura in the Masters Round Robin Pro in Los Angeles in July. These tournaments were among the more important of the year. Kramer designated Forest Hills, Kooyong, Sydney, and Los Angeles as the four major pro tennis tournaments. In September, Rosewall had the opportunity to show that he was still one of the better players on clay. The previous year, no French Professional Championships (also known as the World Pro Championships on Clay when organised at Stade Roland Garros) had been held. This tournament returned in 1958, and Rosewall beat Jack Kramer, Frank Sedgman, and an injured Lew Hoad in four sets to claim the title. At the Wembley Pro, Rosewall lost a close five-set semifinals to Trabert.

1959
In the Ampol Open Trophy points standings after February, part of a fifteen tournament world series, Rosewall was second with 12 points behind Hoad with 13. For the first time since he turned professional, Rosewall had a favourable 6–5 win–loss record against Pancho Gonzales for the year. Rosewall won both editions of the Queensland Pro Championships in Brisbane, both included in the Ampol series, defeating Tony Trabert in the January final in five sets and Gonzales in the December final in four sets. At the Forest Hills Tournament of Champions, Rosewall lost a semifinals to Hoad in four sets, and beat Trabert to win third place. At the Roland Garros World Professional Championships, Rosewall lost in the semifinals to Trabert, and was beaten by Hoad in the third place match.

At the White City Tournament of Champions in Sydney in early December, Rosewall lost in the semifinals to Gonzales in three straight sets. In the final Ampol series tournament, played at Kooyong from 26 December 1959 to 2 January 1960, Rosewall finished runner-up to Hoad, losing the deciding match to Hoad in four long sets. Kramer acclaimed this match as one of the greatest ever played. Rosewall finished third in the Ampol series with 41 bonus points, behind Hoad in first place (51 bonus points), and Gonzales in second place (43 bonus points). Rosewall's winning percentage on the 1959 Ampol series was 62% (26/42). Rosewall was 2 wins and 6 losses against Hoad and 3 wins and 1 loss against Gonzales during the series. Kramer's personal list ranked Rosewall world No. 3 professional tennis player behind Gonzales and Sedgman, but ahead of Hoad.

1960

Rosewall was incorporated in a new World Pro tour, from January to May, featuring Gonzales, Segura and new recruit Alex Olmedo. This tour was perhaps the peak of Gonzales's entire career. The final standings were: 1) Gonzales 49 matches won – 8 lost, 2) Rosewall 32–25, 3) Segura 22–28, 4) Olmedo 11–44. Rosewall was therefore far behind Gonzales on this tour, the American having won almost all their direct confrontations (20 wins for Gonzales to 5 wins for Rosewall).

Rosewall began the tour slowly, dropping briefly in early February to fourth place in the overall standings behind Segura and Olmedo, and rising to second place in early March. Halfway through the North American part of the tour the standings were Gonzales 23–1 (his only match lost in three sets to Olmedo in Philadelphia), Segura 8-9, Rosewall 11–13. British Lawn Tennis reported, "While Kenny hasn't yet nailed Pancho, he has come within a couple of points several times. Rosewall finally got his serve working better, and he is now the tough little player he was last year. He'll get some wins over Big Pancho before long." As described in a later report, "Ken started very slowly against Gonzales, Segura and Olmedo but finished in second place behind Gonzales [and] more than held his own the last 20 matches with him, after getting over a physical problem."

In 1960 Rosewall won six tournaments including the two main tournaments of the year, the French Pro at Roland Garros, defeating Hoad in the final in four sets, and Wembley Pro, defeating Segura. Hoad won four tournaments in 1960, defeating Rosewall in all four finals.

Kramer's personal list ranked Rosewall world No. 3 professional tennis player behind Gonzales and Sedgman, but ahead of Hoad.

1961
After 10 years of World touring, Rosewall decided to take several long breaks in order to spend time with his family and entered no competitions in the first half of 1961, withdrawing from Kramer's World Series tour. He trained his long-time friend Hoad when the pros toured in Australia where Gonzales, back to the courts after a -month retirement, won another World tour featuring Hoad (withdrew with injury), Olmedo (replacing Rosewall), Gimeno and the two new recruits MacKay and Buchholz (Segura, Trabert, Cooper and Sedgman sometimes replaced the injured players).

In the summer Rosewall returned to the circuit and won the two biggest tournaments (all the best players participating): the French Pro (clay) and Wembley Pro (wood). At the French he captured the title by beating Gonzales in the final in four sets, and at Wembley he defeated Hoad in the final. In the summer Rosewall won a short head-to-head tour of France over Gonzales 4-2 and had a 7-4 edge over Gonzales for the entire year.

Rosewall teamed with Hoad to win the inaugural Kramer Cup trophy (the pro equivalent of the Davis Cup) in South Africa. Rosewall lost to Trabert in the first rubber, but defeated MacKay to set up the fifth and deciding rubber between Hoad and Trabert. After having won on clay and on wood Rosewall ended the season by winning on grass at the New South Wales Pro Championships in Sydney, defeating Butch Buchholz in the final, cementing his status as the best all-court player that year.

Although Gonzales had won Kramer's 1961 World Series tour, later in the year Rosewall won both Wembley Pro and French Pro, where Gonzales was reported in one source to lose his title. The USPLTA reported Rosewall as the world No. 1 ranked pro followed by Gonzales and Trabert. Robert Roy of L'Équipe, Kléber Haedens and Philippe Chatrier of Tennis de France, Michel Sutter (who has published "Vainqueurs 1946–1991 Winners"), Peter Rowley and Robert Geist considered Rosewall as the new No. 1 in the world.

1962

In 1962, Rosewall was the leading pro, winning most pro tournaments of all the players during the year. He retained his Wembley Pro and French Pro titles and also won tournaments at Adelaide, Melbourne, Christchurch, Auckland, Geneva, Milan and Stockholm. There was no World Series tour in 1962, and many of the top pros (Rosewall included) did not play pro matches in the U.S. during the year.

Per records found, Rosewall lost seven matches in 1962: Hoad (in the Adelaide Professional Indoor Tournament), Gimeno, Ayala, Buchholz, Segura, Anderson and Robert Haillet. Rosewall was ranked world No. 1 pro by Robert Geist and in a Time magazine article.

1963
In an Australasian tour (Australia and New Zealand) played on grass for the Australian portion, Rosewall defeated Rod Laver 11 matches to 2.

A US tour followed with Rosewall defending his world pro title against Laver, Gimeno, Ayala and two Americans: Butch Buchholz and Barry MacKay (Hoad was recovering from a shoulder injury). Rosewall entered as defending world pro titlist. In the first phase of this tour, lasting two and a half months, each player faced each other about eight times. Rosewall ended first (31 matches won – 10 lost in front of Laver (26–16), Buchholz (23–18), Gimeno (21–20), MacKay (12–29) and Ayala (11–30)). In this round-robin phase Rosewall beat Laver in the first 5 meetings, ensuring thus a 12-match winning streak (in counting the last 7 matches in Australasia) and Laver won the last 3. Then a second and final phase of the tour opposed the first (Rosewall) and the second (Laver) of the first phase to determine the final winner (the third (Buchholz) met the fourth (Gimeno)). In 18 matches Rosewall beat Laver 14 times to conquer the US tour first place (Gimeno beat Buchholz 11–7) and thus successfully defended his world pro title.

In mid-May, the tournament season started. In those occasions Rosewall only beat Laver 4–3 and won 5 tournaments (the same as Laver), but in particular he won the three main tournaments of the year 1963: chronologically the U.S. Pro at Forest Hills (without Gimeno and Sedgman) on grass where he defeated Laver in three straight sets, neither Rosewall nor Laver receiving any payment for the event. the French Pro at Coubertin on wood where his opponent in the final was again Laver who later praised his victor: "I played the finest tennis I believe I've ever produced, and he beat me", Rosewall won the Wembley Pro for the fourth consecutive time after a four-sets win against Hoad in the final. In those tournaments Rosewall won three times while Laver reached two finals and one quarterfinals (Wembley). Rosewall beat Laver 34 matches to 12. Rosewall was voted world number one pro by The International Professional Tennis Players Association.

1964
In early 1964, Rosewall finished third behind Hoad and Laver in a four-man, 24-match tour of New Zealand.

In 1964 Rosewall won one major pro tournament: the French Pro over Laver on an indoor wood surface (at Coubertin). At the end of the South African tour in October, Rosewall also beat Laver in three straight sets in a special challenge match, on cement, held in Ellis Park, Johannesburg. In the pro points rankings, Rosewall ended as the official No. 1 in 1964 ahead of Laver and Gonzales.

The majority of tennis observers (Joe McCauley, Norris McWhirter, Michel Sutter and British Lawn Tennis magazine) and the players themselves agreed with this points rankings for they considered Rosewall the number one in 1964. Rod Laver after his triumph over Rosewall at the Wembley Pro said "I've still plenty of ambitions left and would like to be the world's No. 1. Despite this win, I am not there yet – Ken is. I may have beaten him more often than he has beaten me this year but he has won the biggest tournaments except here. I've lost to other people but Ken hasn't."

Laver had a great season and could also claim the top rank. He captured two of the major pro tournaments: a) the U.S. Pro (outside Boston) over Rosewall (suffering from food poisoning) and Gonzales and b) Wembley Pro over Rosewall.

In 1964, Rosewall beat Gonzales 13 times out of 17, most of the matches taking place in Italy on clay, and Laver was beaten by Gonzales 7 times out of 12. In 1964, Laver had a leading win–loss record against Rosewall of 17–7.

1965
In early 1965 the pro circuit toured Australia and a number of defeats to Laver and Gonzales created some doubt about the continuation of Rosewall's dominance. In late April-early May Rosewall competed in the US Pro Indoors, held at the  Seventh Regiment Armory in New York and part of a nine-tournament US circuit. He was the No. 1 seeded player but was overpowered by Gonzales in the semifinals and lost in straight sets. Fellow pro Mal Anderson commented in the July 1965 issue of World Tennis that Rosewall had too many responsibilities with the player's association while also defending his world number one ranking.

Until mid-September, Rosewall and Laver were quite equal, the latter winning more tournaments, including the US Pro Indoors and the Masters Pro at Los Angeles but Rosewall won the U.S. Pro, played on grass courts at the Longwood Cricket Club outside Boston, defeating Gonzales in the semifinals and Laver in the final, both in three straight sets and Rosewall again beat Laver in three sets in the French Pro final on the fast wooden courts at Coubertin.

1966
Laver and Rosewall shared all the titles and the finals of the five greatest tournaments. Rosewall won the Madison Square Garden Pro and the French Pro tournaments over Laver, the latter capturing Forest Hills Pro, the U.S. Pro (outside Boston) and Wembley Pro, with Rosewall finalist (or second) each time.

1967
The 20 main tournaments of the year were shared by a) Laver, ten titles including the five biggest ones, all played on fast courts (U.S. Pro, French Pro, Wembley Pro, Wimbledon Pro, Madison Square Garden, World Pro in Oklahoma, Boston Pro (not to be confused with the U.S. Pro), Newport R.R., Johannesburg Ellis Park, Coubertin Pro in April (not to be confused with the French Pro at Coubertin in October), b) Rosewall, six titles (Los Angeles, Berkeley, U.S. Pro Hardcourt in St Louis, Newport Beach, Durban and Cape Town), c) Gimeno, three titles (Cincinnati, East London, Port Elizabeth) and d) Stolle, one tournament (Transvaal Pro). Including lesser tournaments Laver's supremacy was even more obvious: 1) Laver 18 tournaments, plus two small tours 2) Rosewall seven tournaments 3) Stolle four tournaments and 4) Gimeno three tournaments. In head-to-head matches, Rosewall trailed Laver 5–8 and was equal with Gimeno 7–7.

Before 1967, Gimeno always trailed Rosewall in direct confrontations, but that year they split their matches. Rosewall defeated Gimeno in Los Angeles, Madison Square Garden, St Louis, Newport, Johannesburg (challenge match), Durban and Wembley whereas Gimeno won in Cincinnati, U.S. Pro, East London, Port Elizabeth, Johannesburg (tournament), Marseille, French Pro.

Forbidden to contest the greatest traditional events, Davis Cup and Grand Slams, during nearly 11 and a half years from 1957 to 30 March 1968, Rosewall reached his best level during this period, in particular from 1960 to 1966, by winning at least 62 tournaments (including 16 less-than-eight-man events) and seven small tours.

Open-closed career: April 1968 to July 1972

1968
During the 1968 season several categories of players coexisted:
 Amateur players, dependent on their national and international federations, allowed to play the amateur events and open events but forbidden to receive official prize money
 Registered players, also dependent on their national and international federations, eligible to play the Davis Cup and forbidden to play pro events as an amateur, but authorised to take prize money in the open events (e.g. Okker)
 Professionals under contract with the National Tennis League (NTL)
 Professionals under contract with the World Championship Tennis (WCT)
 Freelance professionals (e.g. Hoad, Ayala, Owen Davidson and Mal Anderson).

In 1968 there were a) an amateur circuit including the Davis Cup (closed to any "contract" professional until 1973) and the Australian Championships b) two pro circuits: WCT and NTL, which met at four tournaments and c) an open circuit (with a little more than 10 tournaments). At the beginning of the open era, WCT founder Dave Dixon did not allow his players to enter tournaments where NTL players were present: There were no WCT players at the first two open tournaments, the British Hard Court Championships and French Open, and all the NTL players were present. The first tournament where NTL and WCT players competed against each other was the U.S. Pro, held at Longwood in June. Several events still were reserved to the amateur players between 1968 and 1972.

Two tournaments were at the top in 1968: Wimbledon (a 128-man field), and the US Open (a 96-man field), both played on grass, where all the best players competed. Other notable tournaments that year were the Queen's Club tournament and the greatest pro tournaments where all the NTL and WCT pros competed (but without amateur or registered players) as the U.S. Pro (outside Boston, on grass), the French Pro (coming back to Roland Garros after the 5-edition interlude at Coubertin), the first Pacific Southwest Open in Los Angeles (64-man field) with all the best players present, the indoor professional championships at Wembley in November and the Madison Square Garden Pro in December with the four best pros of each organisation.

In this context Rosewall played almost all NTL pro tournaments in 1968, the four "NTL-WCT" tournaments and some open tournaments. He entered his first open tournament at 33 years old at Bournemouth on clay (the WCT players did not take part) and defeated Gimeno and Laver, to win the first open tennis title. At the French Open, the first Grand Slam tournament of the Open Era, Rosewall confirmed his status of best claycourt player in the world by defeating Laver in the final in four sets. Defeats followed against some of the upcoming 1967 amateur players (Roche twice on grass at the US Pro and at Wimbledon, Newcombe on clay at the French Pro and Okker on grass at the U.S. Open in the semifinals). Rosewall was finalist to Laver at the Pacific Southwest Open, defeating Arthur Ashe, the US Open winner, and in November, captured the Wembley Pro tournament over WCT player John Newcombe. At age 34, Rosewall was sranked No. 3 in the world behind Laver and Ashe according to Lance Tingay and Bud Collins. Rino Tommasi ranked Rosewall no. 2 behind Laver.

1969
Rosewall was no longer the best clay court player as Laver had taken his crown in the final of the French Open at Roland Garros. At Wimbledon, Rosewall lost in the third round to Bob Lutz and "confessed that for the first time in his career the fans disturbed his concentration". At the US Open, Rosewall lost in the quarterfinals to Arthur Ashe. Rosewall was ranked No. 4 that year by Bud Collins and 6 by Rino Tommasi. He won three tournaments (Bristol, Chicago, Midland).

1970
Being an NTL player at the beginning of 1970 he didn't play the Australian Open held at the White City Stadium in Sydney in January because NTL boss George McCall and his players thought that the prize money was too low for a Grand Slam tournament. In March, a tournament, sponsored by Dunlop, was organised at the same site, with a higher quality field because of better prize-money and a better date. Some of the same players as in the Australian Open were present and in addition not only the NTL pros participated but also some independent pros, such as Ilie Năstase, who usually did not make the trip to Australia. Laver won the tournament after defeating Rosewall in a five-set final watched by a crowd of 8,000. As both the NTL and the WCT boycotted the Roland Garros tournament because it refused to pay guarantees Rosewall also missed the second Grand Slam tournament of the year. All the best players met again at Wimbledon. This time, a rested Rosewall reached the final and took Newcombe, his junior by -years, to five sets but ultimately succumbed. In July, Rosewall became a WCT player after that organisation took over the NTL and its players. Two months later at the U.S. Open, one of the two 1970 Grand Slams with all the best players, Rosewall won over Newcombe in their semifinals in three straight sets before defeating Tony Roche in the final to win his sixth Grand Slam tournament.

To fight against the WCT and NTL promoters, who controlled their own players and did not allow them to compete where they wanted, Kramer introduced the Grand Prix tennis circuit in December 1969, open to all players. The first Grand Prix circuit was held in 1970 and comprised 20 tournaments from April to December. These tournaments gave points according to their categories and the players' performances with the top six ranked players invited to a season-ending tournament called the Masters. The amateurs and independent pros played in this circuit, while the contract pros firstly played their own circuit and eventually played in some Grand Prix tournaments. Rosewall and Laver performed well in both circuits. Rosewall was ranked third in the Grand Prix standings and finished third in the Masters behind winner Stan Smith and his 1970 nemesis Laver.

After his 1967–1969 steady decline, 1970 saw a rejuvenated Rosewall who was just one set short of winning the Wimbledon and U.S. Open double. 1970 was a year where no player dominated the circuit, the seven leading tournaments were won by seven different players, and different arguments were given to designate the World No. 1. Rino Tommasi ranked Rosewall number 1 as did Judith Elian. Bud Collins ranked him 2 behind Newcombe. In his book Robert Geist ranked the three Australians Laver, Newcombe and Rosewall equal number ones. Rosewall was ranked world No. 1 by the panel of 10 international journalists for the 'Martini and Rossi' Award, with 97 points (out of 100), with Laver second (89 pts).

1971
After his runner-up finishes at Sydney and Wimbledon and his victory at the US Open in 1970, Rosewall continued his good performances in 1971 in the great grass court tournaments. One year after the first Dunlop Open was held in Sydney, Rosewall was back in Sydney in March, this time for the Australian open held on the White City courts. Because it was sponsored by Dunlop in 1971, all the World Championship Tennis (WCT) players (including the National Tennis League players since spring 1970) entered (John Newcombe, Rosewall, Rod Laver, Tony Roche, Tom Okker, Arthur Ashe) as well as some independent pros. Only Stan Smith (Army's service), Cliff Richey, Clark Graebner, and the clay specialist players Ilie Năstase and Jan Kodeš were missing. Rosewall won the tournament, his second consecutive Grand Slam win and his seventh overall Grand Slam title, without losing a set and defeated Roy Emerson and Okker before beating Ashe in the final in straight sets.

Rosewall and most other WCT players did not play the French Open; yet, Rosewall still tried to reach his 1970s goal by winning Wimbledon. In the quarterfinals, Rosewall needed about four hours to defeat Richey in five sets, whereas Newcombe quickly defeated Colin Dibley. In the semifinals, the older Rosewall was no match for the younger Newcombe and lost in straight sets. Later in the summer, Rosewall and some other WCT players (Laver, Andrés Gimeno, Emerson, Cliff Drysdale, Fred Stolle, and Roche) did not play the US Open because of the growing conflict between the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) and the WCT. The illnesses of both his sons was an additional reason for Rosewall not playing this tournament.

As a contract pro, Rosewall was not allowed to play the Davis Cup, and he concentrated mainly on the WCT circuit organised similarly to the Grand Prix circuit which was the equivalent for the independent pros: 20 tournaments (including the Australian Open), each giving the same points amount. The top eight players in ranking points were invited to the WCT Finals, an eight-man tournament, equivalent of the Grand Prix Masters for the WCT players, played in November in Houston and Dallas. When the WCT players were off, they could play tournaments on the Grand Prix circuit. The war between the ILTF and WCT climaxed in a ban by the ILTF beginning on 1 January 1972 of the WCT players from the Grand Prix circuit.

Rosewall ended third on the 1971 WCT circuit behind Laver and Okker and qualified for the WCT Finals. He won the title, beating Newcombe in the quarterfinals, defeating Okker in the semifinals and beating Laver in a four-set final in what was considered at the time as the best match, with their 1970 Sydney final, between the two rivals since their 1968 French Open final. As a WCT player Rosewall played few Grand Prix tournaments but he had earned enough points to play the Grand Prix Masters held about ten days after his WCT Finals. He refused the invitation as he was tired after a long season and took his holidays at the end of the year.

In 1971, Rosewall won eight tournaments and 76 out of 97 matches (78%) and in direct confrontations trailed Newcombe 1–3, Laver 2–3 but led Smith 1–0. Collins ranked Rosewall third after Newcombe and Smith. Tingay ranked Rosewall 4th, Rino Tommasi 1st. Geist ranked Rosewall co-No. 1 tied with Newcombe and Smith. That year, as in 1970, there was no clear undisputed World No. 1.

1972
1972 saw a return to separate circuits because all traditional ILTF events held from January to July were forbidden to the WCT players. This included the Davis Cup but also the French Open and Wimbledon. The 1972 Australian Open organisers used a trick to avoid the ban of the WCT players. They held the tournament from 27 December 1971, four days before the ban could be applied, to 3 January 1972. Thus all contract as well as independent pros could enter but few were interested because it was held during Christmas and New Year's Day period. The draw included only eight non-Australian players. Rosewall reached the final in which he defeated Mal Anderson to win his fourth Australian title and the eighth, and last, Grand Slam title of his career and became the oldest Grand Slam male champion (37 years and 2 months old) in the Open Era.

A fragile agreement in the spring of 1972 let the WCT players come back to the traditional circuit in August (in Merion, WCT players Okker and Roger Taylor played). The US Open, won by Ilie Năstase, was the greatest event of the year as only in this tournament were all the best players present with the exception of Tony Roche who suffered from a tennis elbow. Later that year two other tournaments had good fields with WCT and independent pros: the Pacific Southwest Open at Los Angeles and, to a lesser extent, Stockholm, both won by Stan Smith.

In many 1972 rankings there were six or seven WCT players in the world top 10 (the three or four independent pros were Smith, Năstase, Orantes and sometimes Gimeno) so the season-ending WCT Finals held in May in Dallas were considered as one of the major events of the year. The final, played between Rosewall and Laver, was considered one of the two best matches played in 1972, the other being the Wimbledon final, and the best Rosewall-Laver match of the open era. It was broadcast nationally in the U.S., viewed by 23 million people, and became known as the "match that made tennis in the United States." Rosewall won the last major title of his long career by defeating Laver in an epic five-set match which was decided by a tiebreak. (Laver wrote that the two Australians had played better matches between them in the pre-open days, citing their 1963 French Pro final as the pinnacle; McCauley considered their 1964 Wembley final).

Because of the ILTF's ban once again Rosewall could not enter Wimbledon.

Open career: August 1972 to 1980 (and 1982)

1972
From August 1972 players could enter almost all the tournaments they wanted. The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) was created during the US Open. Rosewall won seven tournaments in 1972, including the depleted Australian Open. Rosewall was ranked 2 in 1972 by Bud Collins and number 1 by Rino Tommasi. He lost in the second round of the 1972 U.S. Open to Mark Cox. "Rosewall was the picture of dismay and frustration, often looking to the gray, leaden skies as if seeking help. He once pounded his fist on the rain-slicked grass after missing a shot, several times batting balls angrily away after Cox had scored a point."

1973
At the 1973 Australian Open (again with a weak field because as in 1972 among the top 20 only Rosewall and Newcombe participated), top-seeded Rosewall was defeated by "virtual unknown" German Karl Meiler in his first match (second round) in straight sets in a big upset. "It just wasn't the vintage Rosewall stuff we have come to expect from the Little Master. He seldom middled the ball, and was generally out-manoeuvred by the West German. Rosewall would not have said that he had been taking antibiotics for a throat infection unless he had been asked. Nor would he have admitted to feeling poorly when he played unless he had been asked." Between May 1972 (victory at Dallas) and April 1973 (victory at Houston, River Oaks) Rosewall captured only two minor titles, Tokyo WCT (not giving points for the WCT Finals) and Brisbane (in December 1972) where he was the only top 20 player.

Rosewall did not play Wimbledon that year as the edition was boycotted by the ATP players. After an absence of 17 years, Rosewall returned to Davis Cup play in November when he played a doubles match with Rod Laver in the interzonal final against Czechoslovakia.

His best performances in 1973 were firstly his semifinals at the US Open (as in 1972 the greatest event of the year) and secondly his third place at the WCT Finals (he was beaten by Ashe in the semifinals and defeated Laver for 3rd place). He also won at Houston WCT, Cleveland WCT, Charlotte WCT, Osaka and Tokyo. He was still ranked in the top 10. Tommasi ranked Rosewall 4, Tingay 6, ATP 6 and Collins 5.

1974
1974 was the first year since 1952 that Rosewall did not win a single tournament. However, he entered nine tournaments (the one at Hong Kong not finished because of rain) and reached three finals including Wimbledon and US Open. At Wimbledon, Rosewall beat Newcombe in the quarterfinals in four sets. In the semifinals against Stan Smith, Rosewall was behind 0–2 sets 3–5 in games, and 5–6 in the tiebreaker at match point, but won three points in succession to take the set and went on to win in five sets to reach the final. This was his last Wimbledon final, at the age of 39. Despite the strong support of the crowd, who were eager to see him claim a Wimbledon title, he lost to Jimmy Connors. He was ranked between second (Tingay) and seventh place (Collins) by many tennis journalists. He ranked only 9th in the ATP rankings because he played too few tournaments due to playing World Team Tennis (Rosewall coached the Pittsburgh Triangles team in 1974.)

1975–1982
Rosewall still stayed in the top 10 (number 6 according to ATP, 10 according to Collins and 8 according to Tommasi) in 1975 winning 5 tournaments (Jackson, Houston-River Oaks, Louisville, Gstaad, Tokyo Gunze Open) and his two singles in Davis Cup against New Zealand (this event was opened to contract pros in 1973 : that year Rosewall was selected by Neale Fraser for the semifinals doubles). Rosewall made his last attempt at Wimbledon, at over 40, and as in his first Wimbledon Open (in 1968) he lost in the same round (4th) and against the same player (Tony Roche).

In 1976, Rosewall dropped out of the top 10 in the ATP rankings but stayed in the top 20, as he won three tournaments: Brisbane, Jackson WCT and Hong Kong (over Năstase then the 3rd player in the world).

1977 was Rosewall's last year in the top 20 in the ATP rankings (his first year in the top 10 was in 1952). In January he reached the semifinals of the 1977 Australian Open, losing in four sets to eventual champion Roscoe Tanner. He won his last two titles in Hong Kong and Tokyo (Gunze Open) respectively at the age of 43. Rosewall played in the Sydney Indoor Tournament in October 1977. Approaching his 43rd birthday he beat the No. 3 in the world Vitas Gerulaitis in a straight-sets semifinals and lost to Jimmy Connors in the final in three straight sets. The following year he lost in the semifinals at 44 years of age. Afterwards, he gradually retired. In October 1980 at the Melbourne indoor tournament, at nearly 46 years of age, Rosewall defeated American Butch Walts, ranked World No. 49, in the first round, then lost to Paul McNamee. Rosewall made a brief comeback at 47 years of age in a non-ATP tournament, the New South Wales Hardcourt Championships in Grafton in February 1982, where he reached the final, losing to Brett Edwards in two sets.

In 1972, Rosewall had been the second tennis pro to pass $1 million career earnings. In early 1978, his career earnings were $1,510,267.

Rivalries

Gonzales and Laver are the two players that Rosewall most often met. His meetings with Laver are better documented and detailed than those with Gonzales.

Except the first year (1963) and the last year they played (1976), the statistics of their meetings show a domination by Laver. In the Open Era, a match score of 23–9 in favour of Laver can be documented, overall a score of 89–75.

Including tournaments and one-night stands, Rosewall and Gonzales played at least 204 matches, all of them as professionals. A match score of 117–87 in favor of Gonzales can be documented.

Playing style and assessment
In his 1979 autobiography, Kramer wrote that "Rosewall was a backcourt player when he came into the pros, but he learned very quickly how to play the net. Eventually, for that matter, he became a master of it, as much out of physical preservation as for any other reason. I guarantee you that Kenny wouldn't have lasted into his forties as a world-class player if he hadn't learned to serve and volley." His sliced backhand was his strongest shot, and along with the very different backhand of former player Don Budge, has generally been considered one of the best, if not the best, backhands yet seen.

His one-handed backhand, which he usually played with backspin, was rated as one of the great backhands in the history of the game.
He is considered to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time.

Kramer included the Australian in his list of the 21 greatest players of all time, albeit in the second echelon.

In 1988, a panel consisting of Bud Collins, Cliff Drysdale, and Butch Buchholz ranked their top five male tennis players of all time. Buchholz and Collins both listed Rosewall number three on their lists (Collins listed Rod Laver and John McEnroe above Rosewall and Buchholz listed Laver and Bjorn Borg above Rosewall). Drysdale did not list Rosewall in his top five.

During his long playing career he remained virtually injury-free, something that helped him to still win tournaments at the age of 43 and remain ranked in the top 15 in the world. Although he was a finalist four times at Wimbledon, and also at the Wimbledon Pro in 1967, it was the one major tournament that eluded him.

Rosewall was a finalist at the 1974 US Open at 39 years 310 days old, making him the oldest player to participate in two Grand Slam finals in the same year. Before that, in 1972 Rosewall won the Australian Open final at age 37 and 2 months making him the oldest male player to win a Grand Slam singles title in the Open Era as of 2021.

In 1995 Pancho Gonzales said of him: "He became better as he got older, more of a complete player. With the exception of me and Frank Sedgman, he could handle everybody else. Just the way he played, he got under Hoad's skin, but he had a forehand weakness and a serve weakness." In 202 matches against Gonzales, he won 87 and lost 117. In 135 matches against Lew Hoad, he won 84 and lost 51.

In the 2012 Tennis Channel series "100 Greatest of All Time", Rosewall was ranked number 13 among all time male tennis players, with only two Australian tennis players ranked ahead of him: Laver and Emerson.

Career statistics

Major titles performance timeline
Ken Rosewall joined professional tennis in 1957 and was unable to compete in 45 Grand Slam tournaments until the open era arrived in 1968. Summarizing Grand Slam and Pro Slam tournaments, Rosewall won 23 titles, and he has a winning record of 246–46, which represents 84.24% spanning 28 years.

Grand Slam tournament finals
Singles: 16 (8 titles, 8 runner-ups)

Pro-Slam tournament finals
* Singles : 15 titles, 4 runner-ups

 * other events (Tournament of Champions, Wimbledon Pro – important professional tournaments – 2 runners-up)

Records

All-time records

Open Era records
 These records were attained in Open Era of tennis.

Note: The draw of Pro majors was significantly smaller than the traditional Grand Slam tournaments; usually they only had 16 or even fewer professional players, this meant only four rounds of play instead of the modern six or seven rounds.

Personal life
Rosewall married Wilma McIver at St John's Cathedral, Brisbane on 6 October 1956. It was described in press reports as Brisbane's society wedding of the year with over 2000 people in attendance outside the church, and 800 guests in the Cathedral. The couple then moved to Turramurra in Sydney, educating his two sons at Barker College, Hornsby. They moved to live in Queensland. His wife died on 27 April 2020.

Rosewall was a non-executive director of the failed stockbroking firm BBY and his son, Glenn Rosewall, was the company's executive director.

Honours
In the Queen's Birthday Honours of 1971, he was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE). In the Australia Day Honours of 1979, he was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM). Rosewall was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island, in 1980. In 1985 he was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame. He is an Australian Living Treasure.

To honour his service to tennis, the centre court at the Sydney Olympic Park Tennis Centre was renamed the Ken Rosewall Arena in 2008.

Rosewall was invited to present the Men's Singles trophy at the 2023 Australian Open Championship to commemorate the seventieth anniversary of his first Australian single's championship victory.

See also

 Tennis male players statistics
 All-time tennis records – Men's singles
 Open Era tennis records – Men's singles

Notes

References

Sources

External links

Australian Championships (tennis) champions
Australian Championships (tennis) junior champions
Australian male tennis players
Australian Open (tennis) champions
French Championships (tennis) champions
French Open champions
International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees
Tennis players from Sydney
United States National champions (tennis)
US Open (tennis) champions
Wimbledon champions (pre-Open Era)
1934 births
Living people
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doubles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles
Professional tennis players before the Open Era
Australian Members of the Order of the British Empire
Members of the Order of Australia
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' singles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' doubles
World number 1 ranked male tennis players
Sportsmen from New South Wales

Ken Rosewall


Hernán Castro Leiva (La Calera, Valparaíso, 2 de julio de 1954) es un exfutbolista profesional y actual entrenador chileno. Actualmente se desempeña como Ayudante Técnico.

Historia
Es vicepresidente ejecutivo jurídico del Colegio Profesional de Técnicos de Fútbol de Chile

Es reconocido por haber jugado en: Unión La Calera, Universidad Católica, Everton, Unión Española, Deportes La Serena, Audax Italiano y Unión San Felipe.

Su mayor desempeño como entrenador fue al mando de Deportes Ovalle en las campañas 2006 y 2007. También reconocido por dirigir a Unión La Calera en Tercera División en la década de 1990 y en la campaña de 1999 con un buen desempeño estuvo a punto de lograr el ascenso a segunda división tras ganar a Talcahuano en calidad de local en la ida, ya en la vuelta se perdió 1-0 en San Fernando, lo que dejó al equipo como subcampeón de ese año.

Referencias

Nacidos en La Calera (Chile)
Futbolistas del Club de Deportes Unión La Calera en los años 1970
Futbolistas del Audax Italiano La Florida en los años 1980
Futbolistas del Club de Deportes La Serena en los años 1980
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Unión San Felipe en los años 1980
Futbolistas de Unión Española en los años 1980
Entrenadores de Deportes Iberia
Entrenadores del Colchagua Club de Deportes
Entrenadores del Club de Deportes Ovalle
Entrenadores del Club de Deportes Copiapó
Entrenadores de Deportes Unión La Calera
Entrenadores del Club de Deportes Quilicura

Hernán Castro


Euippe () steht für:

griechische Mythologie:
Euippe (Tochter des Tyrimmas), Geliebte des Odysseus
Euippe (Tochter des Daunos), Geliebte von Diomedes' Stiefbruder Alainos
Euippe (Danaide), Name von zwei oder drei Töchtern des Danaos
Euippe (Tochter des Leukon), Mutter des Eteokles
Euippe (Tochter des Cheiron), heißt ansonsten Hippe
Euippe (Gattin des Pieros), Mutter von Pieros' neun Töchtern, den Pieriden
Euippe (Nymphe), Nymphe der gleichnamigen karischen Stadt
Euippe (Kyrenäerin), wurde vom Chalkidier Menalkas unglücklich geliebt

geographische Objekte:
Euippe (Karien), antike kleinasiatische Stadt in Karien

Euippe


Yuya Nakamura (født 14. april 1986) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub FC Machida Zelvia.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Yuya Nakamura (fodboldspiller, født 1986)


نادي النصر الرياضي هو ناد رياضي واجتماعي مصري تأسس عام 1958، ويلعب في الدوري المصري الدرجة الثانية تحت قيادة المدير الفني سيد عيد.

التاريخ

نادى النصر الرياضي من أعرق الأندية بجمهورية مصر العربية يقع في ميدان المحكمة بحي مصر الجديدة بمحافظة القاهرة.

تأسس نادى النصر الرياضي عام 1958 وقد تطور هذا النادى تطوراً كبيراً حيث تحول من مقابر إلى نادي كبير.

وخرج من نادى النصر  العديد من اللاعبون العظماء وعلى رأسهم الكابتن محمود الخطيب نجم منتخب مصر والنادي الأهلي ، ونجم نادي المقاولون العرب اللاعب محمد خلف، واللاعب كريم الضو نجم نادي الإسماعيلي ، واللاعب أسلام عيسي نجم نادي المصري ، وغيرهم.

الإستاد
ستاد النصر هو ستاد متعدد الأغراض، ويستخدم حاليا في الغالب في تدريبات فريق كرة القدم الأول بالإضافة إلى تراك الملعب يستخم في تدريبات فرق ألعاب القوى ، وهناك أيضاً عدة ملاعب أخرى مثل ملعب لفرق كرة السلة وملعبين لفرق الكرة الطائرة وملعبين لفرق كرة اليد وملاعب نجيل صناعي سباعي وسداسي وخماسي، بالإضافة إلى ثلاث حمامات سباحة وأربعة ملاعب التنس.

كما يوجد هناك صالات لألعاب الكاراتيه والـكونج فو والتايكوندو والجودو وتنس الطاولة والبلياردو والإسكواش.

رؤساء النادي
 عمرو عبد الحق ( من نوفمبر 2017 حتى الآن)
 سحر عبد الحق ( الرئيس السابق)
 البدرى الضبع
 عادل حسين عثمان
 محمود روما

مصادر

 رسميا.. عمرو عبد الحق رئيسا لنادى النصر خلفا لشقيقته سحر عبد الحق

الدوري المصري الدرجة الثانية
ن
أندية رياضية في مصر
أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1958
أندية كرة قدم في القاهرة
ن
تأسيسات سنة 1958 في مصر

نادي النصر (مصر)


Ioan Tobă, cunoscut și sub numele de Ioan Tobă Hatmanul (n. 10 iulie 1903, Filiu, județul Brăila – d. 1979, Brașov) a fost unul dintre ofițerii Armatei României din Al Doilea Război Mondial.

A condus detașamentul din Divizia 13 Infanterie care a fost implicat în Incidentul armat de la Putna din 6 iulie 1940.

Biografie și familie

Participarea la operațiuni
În baza Hotărârii Consiliului Superior al Armatei, consemnată în procesul-verbal nr-2 din 1942, mareșalul Ion Antonescu, conducătorul statului aprobă rechemarea din "Cadrul Disponibil" în pozitunea de activitate, de serviciu, pe data de 30 iunie 1941 a căpitanului Ioan Tobă și dispune înscrierea acestuia în Anuarul Armatei în locul avut inainte de a fi trecut în "Cadrul Disponibil", intre căpitanii Iancu Gheorghe si Budac Alexandru. Pentru modul cum și-a îndeplinit misiunile pe front a fost decorat cu ordine române și germane.
Căpitanul Tobă D. Ioan, rămas pe front in situația de mobilizat, s-a distins in mod deosebit in toate operațiunile; fapt pentru care i s-a conferit Ordinul "Steaua României" cu panglică de Virtute Militară.
__ Decret nr. 687 din 5 martie 1942

Distincții
  Ordinul "Steaua României", cu panglică de "Virtute Militară" (1942)

Referințe și note

Bibliografie
 Gîju, Dan; Un vânător de partizani sovietici se confesează; în "Historia",
 Gheorghe, Dan; Ultimul străjer al lui Ștefan cel Mare - căpitanul Ioan Tobă Hatmanul, un erou îngropat de istorie, în "România Liberă", 21 ianuarie 2013
 Gîju, Dan; Hatmanul Tobă; România Eroică nr. 2 (35) - Serie nouă, aprilie - iunie 2008; pp. 32–33
Lectură suplimentară
Gîju, Dan; Zodia capului de mort; Editura Phobos; București; 2005; ISBN 973-86638-0-6;
 Tobă, Ion; Jurnal de război și de pace. Memorialul din Siberia; Editura Favorit; București; 2014; ISBN 978-606-93809-1-8
 Gîju, Dan; Vânătorii negri. Ultimul comando românesc al lui Hitler; Editura Favorit; București; 2014; ISBN 978-606-93475-8-4

Legături externe
 Coja, Ion; Căpitanul Ion Tobă, erou la Putna; accesat la 11 noiembrie 2017
 Un aventurier din alte vremuri: Ioan Toba Hatmanu; accesat la 11 npoembrie 2017
 Gherghe, Dan; Galerie de fotografii, a articolului Ultimul străjer al lui Ștefan cel Mare - căpitanul Ioan Tobă Hatmanul, un erou îngropat de istorie; 21 ianuarie 2013; România Liberă

Nașteri în 1903
Decese în 1979
Militari români în Al Doilea Război Mondial

Ioan Tobă (Hatmanul)


Las timosinas beta (o beta timosinas) son una familia de péptidos polares de 5 kDa que tienen en común una secuencia de entre 40 y 44 residuos de aminoacidos, y de las que se han descrito al menos 18, siendo la primera en aislarse la denominada β1, describiéndose las posteriores en orden cronológico de aislamiento.

De todas, la timosina β4 es considerada el péptido principal, debido a que representa aproximadamente entre el 70% y 80% del contenido total de beta timosinas, siendo un elemento de la familia de las proteínas secuestradoras de monómeros de actina. Son encontradas casi exclusivamente en animales multicelulares. La timosina β4 fue originalmente obtenida del timo en conjunto con diversas otras pequeñas proteínas que, a pesar de ser colectivamente llamadas "timosinas", se sabe actualmente que no están ni estructural ni genéticamente relacionadas, estando presentes en variados tejidos animales distintos.

Notas

Referencias

Véase también
 Timosinas
 Timosina α1

Citoesqueleto

Timosinas beta


Pothos, biljni rod zimzelenih penjačica, hemiepifita s čvrstim drvenastim stabljikama iz porodice kozlačevki. Rod je smješten u tribus Potheae.

Postoji 60 priznatih vrsta iz tropske i suptropske Azije, istočnih dijelova Australije, te na Madagaskaru

Vrste

 Pothos armatus C.E.C.Fisch.
 Pothos atropurpurascens M.Hotta
 Pothos barberianus Schott
 Pothos beccarianus Engl.
 Pothos boyceanus G.Rajkumar, Shaju, Nazarudeen & Prakashk.
 Pothos brassii B.L.Burtt
 Pothos brevistylus Engl.
 Pothos brevivaginatus Alderw.
 Pothos chinensis (Raf.) Merr.
 Pothos clavatus Engl.
 Pothos crassipedunculatus Sivad. & N.Mohanan
 Pothos curtisii Hook.f.
 Pothos cuspidatus Alderw.
 Pothos cylindricus C.Presl
 Pothos dolichophyllus Merr.
 Pothos dzui P.C.Boyce
 Pothos englerianus Alderw.
 Pothos falcifolius Engl. & K.Krause
 Pothos gigantipes Buchet ex P.C.Boyce
 Pothos gracillimus Engl. & K.Krause
 Pothos grandis Buchet ex P.C.Boyce & V.D.Nguyen
 Pothos hellwigii Engl.
 Pothos hookeri Schott
 Pothos inaequilaterus (C.Presl) Engl.
 Pothos insignis Engl.
 Pothos junghuhnii de Vriese
 Pothos keralensis A.G.Pandurangan & V.J.Nair
 Pothos kerrii Buchet ex P.C.Boyce
 Pothos kingii Hook.f.
 Pothos lancifolius Hook.f.
 Pothos laurifolius P.C.Boyce & A.Hay
 Pothos leptostachyus Schott
 Pothos longipes Schott
 Pothos longivaginatus Alderw.
 Pothos luzonensis (C.Presl) Schott
 Pothos macrocephalus Scort. ex Hook.f.
 Pothos mirabilis Merr.
 Pothos motleyanus Schott
 Pothos oliganthus P.C.Boyce & A.Hay
 Pothos ovatifolius Engl.
 Pothos oxyphyllus Miq.
 Pothos papuanus Becc. ex Engl.
 Pothos parvispadix Nicolson
 Pothos philippinensis Engl.
 Pothos pilulifer Buchet ex P.C.Boyce
 Pothos polystachyus Engl. & K.Krause
 Pothos pugnax P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong
 Pothos remotiflorus Hook.
 Pothos repens (Lour.) Druce
 Pothos roxburghii de Vriese
 Pothos salicifolius Ridl. ex Burkill & Holttum
 Pothos scandens L.
 Pothos tener Wall.
 Pothos thomsonianus Schott
 Pothos tirunelveliensis Sasikala & Reema Kumari
 Pothos touranensis Gagnep.
 Pothos versteegii Engl.
 Pothos vietnamensis V.D.Nguyen & P.C.Boyce
 Pothos volans P.C.Boyce & A.Hay
 Pothos zippelii Schott

Sinonimi
 Batis Blanco
 Goniurus C.Presl
 Tapanava Adans.

Izvori

Pothoideae

Pothos


Podzemna željeznica Samara sastoji se od jedne, proširene linije u gradu Samari u Rusiji.

Prvi dio je otvoren 1987. godine. Vozni park sastoji se od 23 vozila. U 2002. godini, u podzemnoj željeznici u Samari prošlo je 23,6 milijuna putnika.

U 70.-im godinama prošloga stoljeća, Samara prelazi milijun stanovnika, čime je stekla uvjete da se prijavi za državno financiranje sustava podzemne željeznice. Kao rezultat toga, 1977., provedena je studija izvedivosti, što je omogućilo početak građevinskih radova početkom 1980. godine. Nakon sedam godina gradnje 26. prosinca 1987. godine u rad je pušten dio između kolodvora Jungorodok i kolodvora Pobjede. Od tada, postupno proširenje sustava počelo je 31. prosinca 1992., do postaje Sovjetskaja. Nekoliko mjeseci kasnije, otvorena je postaja Sportivnaja i zatim Gagarinskaja. S obzirom na proširenje imala je kombiniranu duljine 3,8 km. Dana, 27. prosinca 2002. dodano je još 2,4 km rute, a 26. prosinca 2007. proširila se prema zapadu grada.

Galerija

Podzemne željeznice u Rusiji

Podzemna željeznica Samara


O torneio de tênis de Ostrava compreende os eventos profissionais de tênis que acontecem ou aconteceram em Ostrava, na Tchéquia. Nunca foi combinado nem aconteceu no mesmo ano no calendário de elite.

Atualmente, possui o nome comercial de Agel Open e recebe apenas o torneio feminino. Os torneios abrigados foram/são:

 ATP de Ostrava, torneio masculino organizado pela Associação de Tenistas Profissionais, na categoria ATP World Series, entre 1994 e 1998;
 WTA de Ostrava, torneio feminino organizado pela Associação de Tênis Feminino, na categoria WTA 500;

Hiperligações interlínguas
As wikis anglófona e francófona agrupam ATP e WTA sob o título genérico de Ostrava Open / Tournoi de tennis d'Ostrava. A primeira ainda acrescenta o WTA de Prostějov, em outra cidade tcheca, que ocorreu vinte e um anos antes do início do WTA de Ostrava. Não aparentam ter relação, a não ser a coincidência de cidade e/ou país.

Ligações externas
 Página oficial
 Perfil do torneio na página da ATP

Ostrava
Ostrava
Ostrava
Ostrava

Torneio de tênis de Ostrava


ألبرت شبير (Albert Speer)  أو بيرتهولد كونراد هيرمان ألبرت شبير وهو اسمه بالكامل (19 مارس 1905 في مانهايم - 1 سبتمبر 1981 في لندن) أو ألبرت شبير الاب للتفريق بينه وبين ابنه الذي ولد في 1934 والذي أصبح مهندسا مثله كان مهندساً معمارياً وسياسياً ألمانياُ، كما كان أيضا مديرا لإنتاج الأسلحة في ألمانيا النازية أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية عمل مستشارا للزعيم النازي أدولف هتلر. في عام 1945 وعند استسلام ألمانيا، قُدم شبير للمحاكمة باعتباره مجرم حرب في نورنبيرغ واعترف بمسؤوليته عن استخدام عمالة الرق، وحكم عليه بالسجن 20 عاما.

حياته
ولد شبير في مانهايم بألمانيا. كان والده معماري، كما هو الحال بالنسبة لجده، درس في جامعة كارلسروي، ثم في المدرسة العليا للتقنية في ميونيخ من ربيع عام 1924 حتى صيف عام 1925، وفي خريف عام 1925 غير دراسته إلى جامعة برلين التقنية، انضم للحزب النازي في 1931. ومن عام 1933 وحتى عام 1942، قام بتصميم النصب والديكورات في الاجتماعات التي كانت تهدف إلى التعريف بالحكومة النازية. وفي عام 1942 عينه هتلر مسؤولاً عن الإنتاج الحربي.وزاد شبير كثيرًا من إنتاج الأسلحة. واستخدم عمالة الرق في المصانع الألمانية.

قال شبير انه لم يكن سياسيا عندما كان شابا، وأنه حضر اجتماعا حاشدا للنازييين في برلين ديسمبر 1930 بناء على طلب من بعض من طلابه. وأعرب عن دهشته للعثور على هتلر مرتديا حلة زرقاء أنيقة، بدلا من الزي البني ينظر على ملصقات الحزب النازي، وأعجب كثيرا، ليس فقط مع مقترحات هتلر، ولكن أيضا مع الرجل نفسه. بعد عدة أسابيع قال انه حضر مظاهرة أخرى: ترأسها جوزيف غوبلز. انزعج شبير في هذه المناسبة عندما حشد غوبلز الناس في نوبة من الجنون. على الرغم من ذلك، شبير لم تهزه انطباعات هتلر. في 1 مارس 1931، قدم طلبا للانضمام إلى الحزب النازي، وأصبح عدد الأعضاء 474481.

كان أول منصب لشبير في الحزب النازي هو رئيس جمعية الحزب للمحركات لضاحية برلين، وكان النازي الوحيد الذي يمتلك سيارة في البلدة. شبير أبلغ زعيم الحزب عن الجهة الغربية من برلين، كارل هانكه، الذي وظف شبير من دون رسوم إلى تجديد طلاء الفيلا التي استأجرها. وكان هانكه متحمسا لنتيجة ذلك. العمل.

في عام 1931، ترك شبير منصبه في تسنو كمساعد بسبب تخفيضات الأجور وانتقل إلى مانهايم، على أمل ان يستخدم علاقات والده للحصول على فائدة أكبر. حقق شبير نجاحا جيدا، وكان والده قدم له وظيفة مدير للممتلكات للعائلة. في يوليو 1932، زار برلين لمساعدة الحزب قبل انتخابات الرايخستاغ. بينما كانوا هناك، قدم هانكه وصيات لغوبلز عن المهندس المعماري الشاب للمساعدة في ترميم مقر الحزب ببرلين. وافق شبير، الذي كان على وشك أن يغادر مع زوجته لقضاء عطلة في بروسيا الشرقية. عندما أتم شبير العمل، عاد إلى مانهايم وبقي هناك حتى استلم هتلر مقاليد الحكم في يناير 1933.

فن العمارة في ألمانيا النازية 1933-1939

عندما توفي تروست في 21 يناير، 1934، قام شبير بأخذ مكانه بمنصب المهندس الرئيسي لعمارة الحزب. عين هتلر شبير رئيسا لمكتب التشييد، الأمر الذي وضعه ضمن طاقم موظفي رودلف هس. عين البرت شبير المهندس الأول للرايخ وكلف بتجسيد مشروع جرمانيا عاصمة العالم بعد 1938. كانت أولى المهمات لشبير بعد وفاة تروست هو ملعب زبلين فيلد، في نورنبرغ وهو المكان الذي تجرى فيه المسيرات الضخمة الرسمية والدعائية وصورت ووثقت بالافلام عن طريق السينمائية ليني ريفنستال في فيلم انتصار الإرادة. وكان هذا العمل المعماري الضخم قادر على استيعاب 340,000 شخص. وقد تم بناء المنصة تأثرا بالفن المعماري بحقبة الملك يومينس الثاني في برغامون في الاناضول. أصر شبير أن تعقد أكثر الأحداث في الليل، وذلك ل لأعطائها أهمية أكبر لتأثيرات الإضاءة ولإخفاء بعض النازيين، الذين يعانون من زيادة في الوزن. أحاط شبير محيط الموقع ب 130 كشافا مضادا للطائرات. وصف شبير عمله هذا بأجمل الأعمال إلى قلبه.

كانت نورنبرغ موقعا للعديد من المباني الرسمية النازية، ومعظمها لم تكن مبنية كملعب ألمانيا الذي قد يستوعب 400000 مشجع ألماني ولكن المشروع لم يكمل بسبب الحرب. اخترع شبير مفهوم الأطلال: أنه ينبغي أن تبنى المباني الرئيسية بطريقة أنها سوف قد تترك آثارا جمالية لآلاف السنين في المستقبل وتكون هذه الآثار دليل على عظمة الرايخ الثالث، تماما كالاطلال الأثرية اليونانية أو الرومانية لانها كانت رموزا لتلك الحضارات. احتضن هتلر هذا المفهوم بحماس شديد، وأمر ببناء جميع المباني في الرايخ بناء عليه.

لم يتمكن شبير إلا أن يتجاوز وحشية النظام النازي. بعد وقت قصير من تولي هتلر السلطة ومع حدوث ليلة السكاكين الطويلة، أمر هتلر شبير بأخذ العمال ليبني المكاتب الرئيسية ل نائب المستشار فرانز فون لبدء تحويله إلى مقر الأمن، حتى ولو كانت لا تزال غير شاغرة لمسؤولي فون بابن. دخل شبير وجماعته المبنى، وكان المبنى منتشر فيه دماء من جسم هربرت فون بوس، سكرتير فون بابن، والذي قتل في تلك الليلة.

الهندسة المعمارية في زمن الحرب (1939-1942)
دعم شبير الغزو الألماني لبولندا والحرب التي تلت ذلك، على الرغم من أنه اعترف بأن ذلك سيؤدي إلى تأجيل أحلامه المعمارية على الأقل. وفي السنوات الأخيرة من حياته، صرح شبير وتحدث مع كاتب سيرة حياته، وأوضح كيف أنه شعر في عام 1939: "بالطبع كنت مدركا تماما أن هتلر يريد ان يهيمن على العالم... في ذلك الوقت لم أسأل عن شيء أفضل وهذا هو بيت القصيد من المباني التي صممتها في البلد. كل ما أردته ان يكون هذا الرجل العظيم المسيطر على العالم.

وزير التسليح والذخيرة 1942
في 8 فبراير 1942، توفي وزير التسلح فريتز تودت في حادث تحطم طائرة بعد وقت قصير من إقلاعها من وكر الذئب في راستنبرغ المقر الرئيسي لأدولف هتلر خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية. وكان شبير، الذي كان قد وصل إلى راستنبرغ مساء اليوم السابق، وقَبِل عرض تود ليطير معه إلى برلين، ولكنه ألغى سفره قبل ساعات من الإقلاع (ذكر في مذكراته أن الإلغاء كان بسبب الإرهاق من السفر، وعقد اجتماع في وقت متأخر من الليل مع هتلر). في وقت لاحق من ذلك اليوم، عين هتلر شبير خلفا تود في جميع مناصبه. في كتابه بعنوان «من داخل الرايخ الثالث»، يروي لقائه مع هتلر عن موافقته للمنصب الوزاري، فقط لأن هتلر أمره بذلك.

في عام 1940، اقترح جوزيف ستالين لشبير بزيارة موسكو. كان ستالين قد أعجب بعمل شبير في باريس، وتمنى لقاء المهندس المعماري للرايخ الألماني. رفض هتلر طلب ستالين ولم يسمح لشبير بالذهاب، خوفا من أن ستالين قد يضع شبير في «حفرة الجرذان». وعندما غزت ألمانيا الاتحاد السوفيتي في عام 1941، أحس شبير بالشك، على الرغم من تأكيدات هتلر، أن مشاريعه لبرلين قد لا ترى النور.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 موقع عن ألبرت شبير

خريجو جامعة برلين للتكنولوجيا
العمارة النازية
المستلمون لوسام صليب الفارس بجدارة
أدولف هتلر
أشخاص أدينوا من قبل المحكمة العسكرية الدولية في نورنبيرغ
أشخاص من دوقية بادن الكبرى
أشخاص من مانهايم
أعضاء الرايخشتاغ في ألمانيا النازية
ألمان في الحرب العالمية الثانية
ألمان مدانون بجرائم ضد الإنسانية
خريجو جامعة ميونخ التقنية
خريجو معهد كارلسروه للتكنولوجيا
سياسيون من مانهايم
ضباط ألمانيا النازية
قادة نازيون
كتاب ألمان
كتاب ألمان في القرن 20
كتاب سياسيون ألمان
كتاب مذكرات ألمان
مجرمو حرب
مرتكبو المحرقة
مسيحيون ألمان
مسؤولون من ألمانيا النازية
معماريون ألمان في القرن 20
معماريون من الكلاسيكية الجديدة
معماريون من مانهايم
مواليد 1905
وزراء في ألمانيا النازية
وفيات 1981
وفيات بسبب مرض دماغي وعائي

ألبرت شبير


Landstingsvalget den 23. marts 1943 var det 29. valg til Landstinget, den ene del af Danmarks daværende parlament Rigsdagen. Valget blev afholdt i 2., 3. og 5. landstingskreds, dvs. Sjælland med Lolland-Falster, Bornholm og det sydlige Jylland, hvor vælgerne valgte de valgmænd, der foretog det egentlige valg af 28 landstingsmedlemmer 6. april. 7. landstingskreds, Færøerne, havde hidtil afholdt valgt sammen med de tre nævnte kredse, men det færøske valg blev udskudt fire år indtil valget i 1947.

Valget fandt sted samtidig med Folketingsvalget som det første under den tyske besættelse af Danmark. Mange frygtede hvordan tyskerne ville reagere på valget, men det kom til at foregå i fred og ro.

Ved valget gik Det Konservative Folkeparti et mandat frem, mens Socialdemokraterne tilsvarende gik et mandat tilbage. Stemmeprocenten på 88,8 % var usædvanlig høj, og sammen med Folketingsvalget blev det set som en demonstration mod besættelsesmagten. Efter valget gav ledende tyske aviser udtryk for skuffelse og indignation over den manglende politiske udvikling blandt de danske vælgere.

Kilder
 Statistisk Årbog 1943
 Hvem Hvad Hvor 1944, s. 216-217. Politikens Forlag, 1943.

Noter

1943
Politiske valg i 1943

Landstingsvalget 1943


Hjemmefra er en dansk kortfilm fra 2016 instrueret af Cathrine Flintegaard-Poulsen.

Handling

Medvirkende
 Linda Elvira, Lærkes mor
 Nagham Finch, Huda
 Dick Kaysø, Fuglekigger
 Rosa Lawaetz, Lærke

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2016

Hjemmefra


Olaylar
 Lugdunum Muharebesi, Septimius Severus'un ordusunun Clodius Albinus'un ordusuna karşı imparator unvanını almak için yaptıkları savaş

Doğumlar

Ölümler
 Clodius Albinus, Pertinax'ın ölümü üzerine Roma İmparatoru ilan edilen Roma asisi (d. 150)
 Gogukcheon, Koguryo Krallığı'nın dokuzuncu hükümdarı

197


June Millington est une guitariste, autrice et compositrice de rock 'n' roll philippino-américaine, née à Manille le . Elle co-fonde le groupe Fanny, pionnier du rock exclusivement féminin actif de 1970 à 1974, et en est la guitariste.

Biographie
June Elizabeth Millington naît à Manille le . Elle est l'aînée des sept enfants de Yolanda Leonor Limjoco, dite Yola et de son mari l'officier de la Navy, John "Jack" Howard Millington.

La famille mène à Manille une vie dorée, jusqu'à leur déménagement aux Etats-Unis en juin 1961 pour s'installer à Sacramento, en Californie. Avec sa sœur cadette Jean, June compose en 1962 ses premières chansons, Angel in White et Miss Wallflower '62. Les sœurs reprennent aussi des chansons folk comme celles de Peter, Paul and Mary.

1965-1968 :
Au début de l'année 1965, June (guitare rythmique) et sa sœur Jean (basse) forment avec leurs amies Kathy Terry (batterie, plus tard remplacée par Brie Berry) et Cathy Carter (guitare) The Svelts. Elles se produisent sur des bases militaires, dans les soirées de fraternités et gagnent peu à peu un public de fans.

Pendant l'été 1965, les deux sœurs jouent aussi en duo et en septembre elles publient leur composition Footloose and Fancy-Free.

Le baccalauréat en poche, June s'inscrit à l'université pour des études de médecine, qu'elle abandonne après un an.

The Svelts poursuivent leur activité, avec plusieurs changements de musicien (Adrienne Lee Clement à la guitare, Alice Monroe de Buhr à la batterie). Elles tournent sur la côte ouest et vivent ensemble et répètent dans une maison de Los Altos.

1968-1969 :
De leur côté, Addy Clement et Alice de Buhr ont monté leur propre groupe, Wild Honey. A leur invitation, les deux sœurs les rejoignent et June décide d'arrêter ses études pour se consacrer totalement à la musique. Le groupe reprend des chansons folk, dans le style de la Motown, mais aussi leurs propres compositions. Il joue avec Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Youngbloods, The Turtles et auditionne même pour un concert avec les Doors.

Peinant à trouver leur place dans un univers très masculin et désespérant de signer un contrat avec un label, Wild Honey se sépare en 1969. A l'ultime concert qu'elles donnent, elles sont repérées par l'assistant d'un producteur et contractualisent avec une filiale de Warner Bros.

1970-1973 : Fanny

Fin 1969, elles donnent au groupe le nouveau nom de Fanny, pour insister sur sa nature féminine tout en jouant sur le double sens argotique du prénom (« vulve »). June à la guitare, Jean à la basse, de Buhr à la batterie et Nicole "Nickey" Barclay aux claviers le composent. Elles vivent dans une maison de style hispanique qu'elles baptisent Fanny Hill près du Sunset Strip à West Hollywood. Leur premier grand concert a lieu à Santa Monica, avec The Kinks et Procol Harum.

Fanny est alors le premier groupe de rock exclusivement féminin à faire paraître un album sur un label important. Quatre autres suivent, et deux de leurs singles atteignent le Top-40 du Billboard Hot 100. En 1999, David Bowie  les évoque ainsi : .

Mais des tensions au sein du groupe, la pression engendrée par les tournées, la recherche du succès et les efforts nécessaires pour trouver sa place dans un monde trop masculin mènent June Millington à la dépression. Elle quitte Fanny après leur quatrième album, Mother's Pride, en février 1973.

1973-1975 :
Elle déménage alors à Long Island, puis achète une ferme à Woodstock dans l'État de New York, pour s'y concentrer sur son écriture et son développement spirituel.

Elle commence une carrière solo à New York, vivant en couple avec la violoncelliste et bassiste Jacqueline Robbins. Cette même année, toutes deux forment le groupe Smiles avec la percussionniste Padi Macheta.

June s'associe pour un temps avec Cris Williamson, rencontrée par l'intermédiaire de Jacqueline. Par cette entremise, elle s'intègre au mouvement lesbien naissant Women's music. Pendant l'hiver 1975, June Millington et sa compagne participent à l'enregistrement de The Changer and the Changed: A Record of the Times de Cris Williamson, la référence du genre. Elle continue pendant les décennies suivantes à participer aux festivals de Women's Music.

1975-1976 : Fanny /
Alors que le titre  de Fanny devient en avril 1975 leur plus grand succès ( place au Billboard Hot 100) , les sœurs Millington relancent le groupe pour un temps : les accompagnent cette fois l'ancienne batteuse des Svelts, Brie Howard, la claviériste Wendy Haas et Padi Macheta. Le groupe se renomme L.A. All-Stars.

1977 : Millington
En 1977 Jean et June jouent en duo sous leur patronyme. Elles enregistrent Ladies on the Stage chez United Artists et participent à la compilation Lesbian Concentrate: A Lesbianthology of Songs and Poems (1977), une réponse à la campagne homophobe Save Our Children menée par Anita Bryant.

1980–1988 :
En 1981, June Millington, de retour en Californie<ref>Jack McDonough, Underground Women Moving Up", Billboard (August 1981):44.</ref> après s'être séparée de Jacqueline Robbins, lance son propre label, Fabulous Records. Elle tourne en solo pendant la décennie pour la promotion de ses albums : le soft-rock-folk Heartsong (1981) puis Running (1983) et One World, One Heart (1988).

 1999–2006 :
En 1999, les deux sœurs Millingtons constituent un nouveau groupe de six musiciennes, the Slammin' Babes, qui fait paraître l'album Melting Pot en août 2001 et se produit sur scène jusqu'à la mi 2006.

 Discographie
 Fanny
 Fanny (1970)
 Charity Ball (1971)
 Fanny Hill (1972)
 Mother's Pride (1973)
 Fanny Live (1972)
 First Time in a Long Time: The Reprise Recordings (2002)

 Millington
 Ladies on the Stage (1977)

 Cris Williamson, Jackie Robbins & June Millington
 Live Dream (1978)

 June Millington
 Heartsong (1981)
 Running (1983)
  One World, One Heart (1988)

 June & Jean Millington
 Ticket to Wonderful (1993)
 Play Like a Girl (2011)

 Slammin' Babes
 Melting Pot'' (2001)

Références

Musicienne américaine
Lesbienne politique américaine
Naissance en avril 1948
Naissance à Manille

June Millington


Hruštín este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Námestovo din regiunea Žilina. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 3.155 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna Babín.

Istoric
Localitatea Hruštín este atestată documentar din 1588.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Hruštín


Le Centre Mersenne est une infrastructure publique d'édition, mise en œuvre par la cellule « Mathdoc » du CNRS et de l'Université Grenoble Alpes. Il édite et diffuse notamment des revues mathématiques en libre accès. Il opère en partenariat avec UGA Éditions, la nouvelle maison
d'édition de l'Université Grenoble-Alpes (UGA). Le Centre est soutenu par le CNRS et l'UGA, avec un financement de l'Idex de Grenoble.

Le Centre Mersenne est nommé d'après Marin Mersenne.

Revues

Parmi les 22 revues académiques éditées ou diffusées par le Centre Mersenne, il y a :

 Algebraic Combinatorics
 Annales Henri Lebesgue
 Annales de la faculté des sciences de Toulouse
 Annales de l'Institut Fourier
 Annales mathématiques Blaise Pascal
 Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des sciences
 Confluentes Mathematici
 Journal de l'École polytechnique — Mathématiques
 Journal de Théorie des Nombres de Bordeaux
 MathS en action
 Publications Mathématiques de Besançon - Algèbre et Théorie des Nombres
 SMAI Journal of Computational Mathematics

Le Centre diffuse également les comptes rendus de séminaires et de rencontres du CIRM.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Maison d'édition ayant son siège en France
Libre accès en science
Science ouverte
Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques
Édition électronique

Centre Mersenne


John Paul Jones  é um filme estadunidense de 1959, dos gêneros aventura e drama histórico biográfico, dirigido por John Farrow, e estrelado por Robert Stack, Marisa Pavan, Charles Coburn e Erin O'Brien. O roteiro de Farrow, Jesse Lasky, Jr e Ben Hecht foi baseado na história "Nor'wester", de Clements Ripley; e foca em John Paul Jones, o herói naval da Guerra de Independência dos Estados Unidos.

Filmado em Technirama, foi a última produção dirigida por Farrow, além de marcar a estreia cinematográfica de dois de seus filhos, Mia Farrow e John Charles Farrow. Bette Davis fez uma participação especial como a Imperatriz Catarina, a Grande.

Sinopse
John Paul Jones (Robert Stack) é um leal soldado do exército real que se torna um fervoroso apoiador dos revolucionários estadunidenses – fazendo-o se oferecer para liderar a frota de colonos. Enquanto sua liderança corajosa e inteligente ajuda a conquistar a liberdade dos Estados Unidos, Jones ganha uma fama ruim e, com o tempo, é enviado à Rússia, onde começa a guiar a frota de Catarina, a Grande (Bette Davis) enquanto tenta restabelecer a reputação que antes possuía.

Elenco
 Robert Stack como John Paul Jones
 Marisa Pavan como Aimee de Tellison
 Charles Coburn como Benjamin Franklin
 Erin O'Brien como Dorothea Danders
 Macdonald Carey como Patrick Henry
 Judson Laire como Sr. Danders
 Bette Davis como Imperatriz Catarina, a Grande
 Jean-Pierre Aumont como Rei Luís XVI
 David Farrar como John Wilkes
 Peter Cushing como Capitão Richard Pearson
 Susana Canales como Maria Antonieta
 Georges Rivière como Camareiro Russo
 Tom Brannum como Peter Wooley
 Bruce Cabot como Gunner Lowrie
 Basil Sydney como Sir William Young
 John Crawford como George Washington
 Archie Duncan como Duncan MacBean
 Thomas Gomez como Esek Hopkins
 Bob Cunningham como Ten. Wallingford
 John Charles Farrow como John Paul
 Eric Pohlmann como Rei Jorge III
 Frank Latimore como Ten. Richard Dale
 Ford Rainey como Ten. Simpson

Produção

Desenvolvimento
Durante a década de 1930, vários estúdios de filmes estadunidenses tentaram fazer biografias sobre John Paul Jones, mas abandonaram as produções devido ao custo pesado e longa duração dos projetos. Em março de 1939, a Warner Bros. comprou os direitos de exibição do romance biográfico "Clear for Action", de Clements Ripley. James Cagney foi contratado para interpretar o papel-título, com direção de Michael Curtiz e produção de William Cagney. Cagney foi posteriormente substituído como produtor por Lou Edelman.

Em 1946, o produtor independente Samuel Bronston anunciou que havia obtido a cooperação da Marinha dos Estados Unidos para a realização de sua própria cinebiografia de John Paul Jones. Demorou nove anos para Bronston finalmente encontrar o financiamento para o projeto. Em dezembro de 1955, Bronston anunciou que havia fundado a Admiralty Pictures Corporation, que consistia em um grupo de investidores de Nova Iorque. Eles fizeram um acordo com a Warner Bros. para produzir o filme, intitulado "Call to Action" como seu título de produção. Bronston contratou Jesse Lasky, Jr. para escrever o roteiro e queria que John Wayne estrelasse. O estúdio de Bronston recebeu investimento de inúmeros empreendedores e corporações estadunidenses, incluindo das famílias Rockefeller, Dana, Du Pont e Stern, além de Ernest A. Gross, General Motors, Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, Time Inc. e Eastman Kodak, que investiram com o propósito de recuperar suas vendas na Europa. Em janeiro de 1956, Bronston afirmou que o almirante Chester Nimitz atuaria como seu consultor pessoal no filme, que iniciaria sua produção em maio daquele ano.

Em 1956, Lasky completou o roteiro com a consulta de oficiais da Marinha dos Estados Unidos. Em maio de 1956, Bronston anunciou que Glenn Ford havia aceitado o papel principal, embora ainda não tivesse sido oficialmente escalado. Mais tarde, em julho, William Dieterle foi contratado para dirigir o filme, com filmagens agendadas para agosto. Dieterle favoreceu Richard Todd e Richard Basehart para o papel de Jones e John Miljan para o de George Washington, mesmo sem sucesso. Infeliz com o resultado inicial, Dieterle contratou Ben Hecht para escrever uma nova versão do roteiro. Em setembro, Basehart foi escalado depois que Bronston testou 38 atores para o papel-título. O filme seria gravado nos estúdios da Warner Bros. e ao largo da costa italiana.

Em outubro de 1956, Bronston assinou um contrato para gravar o filme em processo Todd-AO. No entanto, a decisão foi engavetad quando a Warner Bros. se retirou do projeto. Em outubro de 1957, John Farrow assinou o contrato para dirigir o filme. Farrow gostou do roteiro de Lasky, mas reescreveu algumas partes sozinho, já que Lasky não estava mais disponível para colaborar com alterações. Farrow inicialmente recebeu todo o crédito pelo roteiro, mas, em última instância, compartilhou-o com Lasky depois que ele reclamou sobre isso para a Writers Guild of America. Dois meses depois, foi relatado que a Marinha reafirmou sua plena cooperação com a produção e que Warner Bros. havia re-assinado como o estúdio distribuidor do filme. Em fevereiro de 1958, Robert Stack foi oficialmente escalado no papel principal. Partes do filme foram feitas na Espanha.

Filmagens
As gravações começaram em janeiro de 1958 na França e terminou em agosto na Espanha. A produção havia 107 diálogos e uma programação de 92 dias de filmagens. A maior parte da unidade estava baseada em Dénia. O governo espanhol permitiu filmagens no Palácio Real de Madrid. Também foram gravadas cenas na Escócia e Óstia.

Recepção
Bosley Crowther, do The New York Times, escreveu que o filme era "uma produção monótona, no que diz respeito à ação dramática, e totalmente inexpressiva da natureza registrada e do caráter de John Paul Jones". Ele não se agradou com o desempenho de Stack, observando que sua interpretação era "como se ele fosse um membro ligeiramente maçante, embora falador, de um clube conservador de cavalheiros". A revista Variety foi igualmente crítica, observando que o filme "poderia ser encurtado drasticamente e acelerado para dar-lhe melhor ritmo e ênfase. As porções fortes mostrariam então uma vantagem melhor e eliminariam o empecilho de momentos desnecessários". Além disso, a revista sentiu que as figuras históricas retratadas "tendiam a ser rígidas ou inacreditáveis" porque o filme "não coloca muito poder na mão dos personagens. Eles terminam, assim como começam, como personagens históricos e não como seres humanos". A Harrison's Reports escreveu que o filme "é excelente do ponto de vista da produção. É, no entanto, apenas moderadamente satisfatório como entretenimento, pois é prejudicado por um roteiro que é algo menos do que inspirador".

Bilheteria
O filme foi um fracasso de bilheteria, perdendo US$ 5 milhões. Bronston, no entanto, conseguiu obter financiamento de muitos dos mesmos investidores, principalmente de Pierre S. Du Pont III, para seus filmes posteriores.

Legado
O músico John Paul Jones (nascido John Baldwin), mais conhecido como o baixista da banda de rock britânica Led Zeppelin, adotou seu nome artístico por sugestão de Andrew Loog Oldham, que tinha visto o cartaz do filme.

Apesar do fracasso financeiro de "John Paul Jones", Bronston continuou a produzir uma série de filmes épicos históricos, nos quais estabeleceu a Espanha como um importante centro de produção cinematográfica. No entanto, Bronston entrou com um pedido de falência em junho de 1964, após o filme "A Queda do Império Romano" também fracassar financeiramente.

Adaptação
 "Four Color #1007", da Dell Comics (setembro de 1959), desenhada por Dan Spiegle.

Bibliografia

Filmes dirigidos por John Farrow
Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1959
Filmes de ficção histórica dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de ficção histórica da década de 1950
Filmes biográficos da década de 1950
Filmes biográficos dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de aventura da década de 1950
Filmes de aventura dos Estados Unidos
Filmes da Warner Bros.
Filmes em língua inglesa
Filmes com trilha sonora de Max Steiner
Representações culturais de Catarina II da Rússia
Representações culturais de Maria Antonieta
Representações culturais de George Washington
Representações culturais de Patrick Henry
Representações culturais de Benjamin Franklin
Representações culturais de Luís XVI de França
Filmes sobre revoluções

John Paul Jones (filme)


The Baptist Churches of the Central African Republic () is a Baptist Christian denomination, in Central African Republic.

History
Baptist Mid-Missions sent six missionaries to French Equatorial Africa in the fall of 1921.  Rev. Haas, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Rosenau, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Young, and Mrs. Rowena Becker reached Africa in January 1921 and journeyed inland to French Equatorial Africa. The first stations were established at Sibut, Crampel, and Bangassou, in what is now the Central African Republic. Although Hass died in 1924, the mission continued to expand and by the 1960s had grown to over 100 churches. The Scriptures were translated into the native Sango language, and a hospital, six dispensaries, two Bible schools, and a seminary were established by 1961. In 1960, both Chad and the Republic of Central Africa became independent states. Baptist Mid-Missions separated the two fields of labor, and the current association of Baptist churches was formed in 1963 with 191 churches.

Internal problems caused the dissolution of the association for a period of time in the 1970s. The Eglises Baptistes de la RCA has also suffered two schisms, resulting in the Fraternal Union of Baptist Churches (or Union Fraternelle des Églises Baptistes, org. 1977) and the Association of Central African Baptist Churches (or Association des Églises Baptistes Centrafricaines). Another Baptist group, the Association of Evangelical Baptist Churches of the Central African Republic, began from mission work of the Swedish Örebro Society in 1923.

In 1995 the Eglises Baptistes de la RCA had 375 churches with about 6,000 members.

References

Baptist Christianity in the Central African Republic
Christian organizations established in 1963
Baptist denominations in Africa
Baptist denominations established in the 20th century


Kullar, Kahramanmaraş ilinin Nurhak ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir. Eski adı Yeşilkent'tir.

Tarihçe
24 Temmuz 1996 tarihinde belediye statüsü alarak beldeye dönüştü. 12 Kasım 2012'de TBMM'de kabul edilen 6360 sayılı kanun ile mahalle oldu.

Kaynakça

Nurhak'ın mahalleleri

Kullar, Nurhak


مكتب تنسيق القبول في الجامعات المصرية هو الجهة المنوط بها استقبال رغبات الطلاب المصريين الحاصلين علي شهادة الثانوية العامة أو شهادة الثانوية الأزهرية أو الشهادات الفنية أو الشهادات المعادلة سواءً كانت من داخل مصر أو خارجها، ومقابلة تلك الرغبات وفق أولويات أصحابها مع الأعداد التي حددت الكليات والمعاهد المصرية استعدادها لاستقبالهم، ويكون مجموع الدرجات هو أساس الترشيح لتك الكليات أو المعاهد.

 تتوزع مكاتب التنسيق في جميع أنحاء الجمهورية ويقسم تلقي ملفات الطلاب إلي ثلاث مراحل حسب المجموع فتكون المرحلة الأولي ثم الثانية ثم الثالثة.
 تم استحداث خدمة التقدم لمكاتب التنسيق عبر الإنترنت منذ عدة أعوام ويتزايد إقبال الطلاب عليها عام بعد الآخر.
 يتولي مكتب التنسيق إرسال بطاقة ترشيح إلكترونية يخطر بها الطالب بالكلية أو المعهد التي تم ترشيحه لها.

وصلات خارجية
 (الموقع الإلكتروني لمكتب تنسيق القبول بالجامعات الحكومية والمعاهد الحكومية والمعاهد الخاصة)
https://tansik.egypt.gov.eg/application/
 (الموقع الإلكتروني لمكتب تنسيق القبول بالكليات والمعاهد العسكرية)
https://tansiq.mod.gov.eg/
 (الموقع الإلكتروني لمكتب تنسيق القبول بكلية الشرطة)
http://academy.moiegypt.gov.eg/policeonlineservices/welcome2014.aspx

انظر أيضا
 وزارة التعليم العالي (مصر)
 المجلس الأعلى للجامعات (مصر)
 قائمة جامعات مصر
 إحصائيات القبول بالجامعات المصرية

المراجع

جامعات مصر

مكتب تنسيق القبول في الجامعات المصرية


Sphingicampa ist eine Gattung der Schmetterlinge aus der Familie der Pfauenspinner (Saturniidae). The Global Lepidoptera Names Index des Natural History Museum listet 21 Arten für die Gattung. Die Raupen einiger Arten der Gattung gehören aufgrund ihrer auffälligen langen Fortsätze (Scoli) zu den eindrucksvollsten Pfauenspinnerraupen. Die Scoli dienen vermutlich zur Tarnung, da sie die Umrisse der Raupen auf den Nahrungspflanzen auflösen. Die Scoli sind selbst innerhalb der gleichen Art in ihrem Aussehen sehr variabel. Die Größe der Scoli korreliert vermutlich mit der Blattgröße um die Tarnung zu perfektionieren. Die Raupen ernähren sich hauptsächlich von Hülsenfrüchtlern.

Merkmale
Die Falter sind mittelgroß. In Nordamerika kann man die Gattung von den Gattungen Anisota und Dryocampa durch die Färbung der Vorder- und Hinterflügel unterscheiden.

Präimaginalstadien
Die dorsoventral abgeflachten Eier messen ungefähr 2,5 mal 1 Millimeter und sind grün gefärbt. Die Raupen haben eine grüne Grundfarbe und tragen an den Seiten unterhalb der Stigmen auffällige weißliche Längslinien. Diese sind häufig mit einer roten bis nahezu schwarzen weiteren Linie auf Höhe der Stigmen flankiert. Am Rücken und den Seiten tragen die Raupen verlängerte Fortsätze (Scoli), die silbern bis weiß gefärbt sind und einen metallischen Schimmer aufweisen. Diese machen ihr Erscheinungsbild sehr auffällig. Auch innerhalb einer Art ist der Bau der Scoli jedoch sehr variabel. Es gibt zwei Vermutungen zum Zweck dieser Scoli. Die eine geht davon aus, dass die Raupen dadurch als Beute unattraktiver für Vögel werden. Die andere plausiblere Vermutung geht davon aus, dass die Scoli durch ihre metallische Färbung die Umrisse der Raupen auflösen. Dies wird dadurch bestätigt, dass die Anzahl der Scoli offenbar mit der Beschaffenheit der Nahrungspflanzen korreliert. So haben Arten, die an kleinblättrigen Akazien fressen, mehr silberne Scoli, als solche, die an Amerikanischer Gleditschie (Gleditsia triacanthos) fressen. Diese Vermutung scheint dadurch bestätigt, dass man zwei Arten, von denen die Raupen nicht bekannt waren, anhand der vermuteten Nahrungspflanze mit entsprechenden Blättern auf ebendiesen nachweisen konnte.

Vorkommen und Lebensweise
Acht Arten der Gattung treten nördlich von Mexiko auf. Eine von ihnen findet man nördlich bis in den Süden Kanadas. Das Hauptverbreitungsgebiet dort ist Texas und Arizona.

Die Falter sind nachtaktiv und werden durch künstliche Lichtquellen angezogen; Männchen häufiger als Weibchen. Vor dem Anflug haben sie im Flug starke Ähnlichkeit mit Schwärmern. Kurz nach dem Absetzen falten sie ihre Flügel über dem Körper zusammen und verbleiben bis zum Morgengrauen an der Lichtquelle. Die Larven fressen hauptsächlich an holzigen Hülsenfrüchtlern (Fabaceae).

Entwicklung
Anfangs klammern sich die jungen Raupen an der Unterseite der Blattstängel fest und fressen an der Basis der Blätter. Später fressen sie den Stängel an, um das Blatt nach hinten zu knicken und aus dieser Position ganz zu fressen. Bei mehreren Arten positionieren die jungen Raupen ihre Scoli am Rücken des Thorax so nebeneinander, dass ihr Körperumriss dadurch aufgelöst wird. Zumindest von den Raupen von Sphingicampa hubbardi ist bekannt, dass sie im UV-Licht fluoreszieren, was vermutlich auch bei den anderen Arten der Gattung auftritt. Die Entwicklung der Raupen verläuft relativ schnell, weswegen zumindest in Teilen des nordamerikanischen Verbreitungsgebietes mehrere Generationen pro Jahr ausgebildet werden. Kurz vor der Verpuppung verfärben sich die Raupen dunkel und die vergrößerten Scoli am Rücken krümmen sich nach hinten. Die Raupen verlassen ihre Nahrungspflanzen, um sich kopfüber in lockerer Erde einzugraben. Die Scoli helfen ihnen dabei beim Vorwärtskommen. Aus Aufzuchten ist bekannt, dass sie sich zumindest bis in eine Tiefe von 12 bis 15 Zentimetern graben. Die Verpuppung erfolgt in einer Kammer, deren Ränder leicht verdichtet sind.

Taxonomie und Systematik
Die taxonomische Status der Gattung bzw. die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Arten wurde im letzten Jahrhundert kontrovers diskutiert und änderten sich mehrmals. Die Arten wurden in die beiden Gattungen Adelocephala und Syssphinx aufgeteilt, die Gattung Sphingicampa wurde als Untergattung zur Gattung Syssphinx und später Dryocampa gestellt und letztlich wieder aufgrund von morphologischen Merkmalen der Falter unter der Gattung Sphingicampa vereint. Dieser Ansicht folgen auch Tuskes & Collins, die davon ausgehen, dass die Gattung nahe mit den Gattungen Anisota, Dryocampa und Adelocephala verwandt ist.

The Global Lepidoptera Names Index des Natural History Museum listet folgende Arten der Gattung:

Sphingicampa hubbardi (Dyar, 1902)
Sphingicampa heiligbrodti (Harvey, 1877)
Sphingicampa smithi (Druce, 1904)
Sphingicampa bicolor (Harris, 1841)
Sphingicampa colloida (Dyar, 1925)
Sphingicampa colla (Dyar, 1907)
Sphingicampa modena (Dyar, 1913)
Sphingicampa albolineata (Grote & Robinson, 1866)
Sphingicampa sinaloana (Schaus, 1920)
Sphingicampa montana (Packard, 1905)
Sphingicampa blanchardi Ferguson, 1971
Sphingicampa quadrilineata (Grote & Robinson, 1867)
Sphingicampa amena (Travassos, 1941)
Sphingicampa malinalcoensis Lemaire, 1974
Sphingicampa mexicana (Boisduval, 1871/72)
Sphingicampa bisecta (Lintner, 1879)
Sphingicampa ocellata (Rothschild, 1907)
Sphingicampa cananche (Bouvier, 1927)
Sphingicampa dollii (Packard, 1905)
Sphingicampa gadouae (Lemaire, 1971)
Sphingicampa thiaucourti Lemaire, 1975

Belege

Einzelnachweise

Literatur

Weblinks

Pfauenspinner
Saturniidae

Sphingicampa


12872 Susiestevens este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
12872 Susiestevens este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Socorro, New Mexico, în cadrul proiectului LINEAR. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,26 ua, o excentricitate de 0,14 și o înclinație de 3,2° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 12001-13000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1998
Centura de asteroizi

12872 Susiestevens


Abreae, tribus mahunarki, dio potporodice Papilionoideae. Uz tipični rod Abrus, postoji još 3 podtribusa

Rodovi

 Tribus Abreae Hutch.
 Genus Abrus Adans. (17 spp.)
 Subtribus Diocleinae
 Canavalia DC. (61 spp.)
 Camptosema Hook. & Arn. (13 spp.)
 Galactia P. Browne (119 spp.)
 Lackeya Fortunato, L. P. Queiroz & G. P. Lewis (1 sp.)
 Collaea DC. (6 spp.)
 Cratylia Mart. ex Benth. (5 spp.)
 Cymbosema Benth. (1 sp.)
 Cleobulia Mart. ex Benth. (4 spp.)
 Dioclea Kunth (14 spp.)
 Macropsychanthus Harms (49 spp.)
 Subtribus Clitoriinae
 Clitoria L. (63 spp.)
 Centrosema (DC.) Benth. (42 spp.)
 Periandra Mart. ex Benth. (7 spp.)
 Clitoriopsis R. Wilczek (1 sp.)
 Apios Fabr. (8 spp.)
 Subtribus Ophrestiinae J. A. Lackey
 Cruddasia Prain (5 spp.)
 Ophrestia H. M. L. Forbes (14 spp.)
 Pseuderiosema Hauman (5 spp.)

Izvori

Faboideae

Abreae