is a spirit or yōkai in Japanese folklore that is often depicted in Japanese literature, films, or animation.

She may also go by such names as yuki-musume ("snow daughter"), yuki-onago ("snow girl"), yukijorō (雪女郎, "snow woman"), yuki anesa ("snow sis"), yuki-onba ("snow granny" or "snow nanny"), yukinba ("snow hag") in Ehime, yukifuri-baba ("snowfall witch" or "snowfall hag") in Nagano. They are also called several names that are related to icicles, such as tsurara-onna, kanekori-musume, and shigama-nyōbō.

Origins

Yuki-onna originates from folklores of olden times; in the Muromachi period Sōgi Shokoku Monogatari by the renga poet Sōgi, there is a statement on how he saw a yuki-onna when he was staying in Echigo Province (now Niigata Prefecture), indicating that the legends already existed in the Muromachi period.

Stories

In legends from the Ojiya region of Niigata Prefecture, a beautiful woman came to visit a man and became his wife from the woman's own desire. This woman was reluctant to go into the bath and when she was made to go in anyway, she disappeared, leaving only thin, fragmented, floating icicles (see also tsurara-onna).

In the Aomori and Yamagata Prefectures, there is a similar story about one called the "Shigama-onna." In the Kaminoyama region of Yamagata, a yuki-onna would come visit an old couple on a snowy night to warm herself by the irori. When late at night the Yuki-onna would again go out on a journey, the old man would attempt to take her hand to stop her, when he noticed that she was chillingly cold. Then, before his eyes, the girl turned into a whirl of snow that exited the house through the chimney. Also, it has some points of similarity with the kokakuchō; and on the night of a blizzard, as the Yuki-onna would be standing there hugging a child (yukinko), it would ask people passing by to hug the child as well. When one hugs the child, the child would become heavier and heavier until one would become covered with snow and freeze to death. It has also been told that if one refuses, one would be shoved down into a snowy valley.

In Hirosaki in Aomori, it is said that there was a warrior (bushi) who was asked by a yuki-onna to hug a child similarly, but the warrior held a short sword (tantō) by the mouth and hugged the child while making the blade go close to the child's head, which allowed the warrior to avoid the aforementioned phenomenon. When the warrior handed the child back to the Yuki-onna, the ghoul gave many treasures as thanks for hugging the child. It is also said that those who are able to withstand the ever-increasing weight of the yukinko and last all the way through would acquire great physical strength.

In the Ina region of Nagano Prefecture, Yuki-onna is called "yukionba", and it is believed that they would appear on a snowy night in the form of a yama-uba. Similarly, in Yoshida, Ehime Prefecture, on a night when snow is accumulating on the ground, a "yukinba" is said to appear, and people would make sure not to let their children outside. Also, in the Tōno region of Iwate Prefecture, and on Little New Year (koshōgatsu) or the 15th day of the first month, a yuki-onna would take many children along to a field to play, so children were warned against going outside. It can be thus seen that yuki-onna are often considered the same as the yama-uba, sharing the similarity that they are fecund and take many children along with them.

In the Ito region of Wakayama Prefecture, it is said that there would be a one-legged child jump-walking on a night when snow accumulates, and the next morning there would be round footprints remaining, and this would be called the "yukinbō" (snow child), but the one-legged snow kid is thought to be the servant of a mountain god.

In the village of Oshika, Tōhaku District, Tottori Prefecture (now Misasa), it has been said that a yuki-onna would come during light snow and say "Koori gose yu gose" ("Give me ice, give me hot water")—"gose" is a dialect word for "give me"—while waving around a white wand, and she would bulge when splashed with water and disappear when splashed with hot water.

In the area around the Kumano River in Yoshino District, Nara Prefecture, the "Oshiroi baa-san" or "oshiroi babaa" is also thought to be a type of Yuki-onna, and they are said to drag along mirrors, making clinking sounds while doing so. These characteristics, that of waving around a white wand (gohei) and possessing a mirror, are thought to be the characteristics of a miko who serves a mountain god that rules over birth and harvest.

In Aomori, it is said that a yuki-onna would come down to the village on the third day of Shōgatsu and return to the mountains on the first day of Rabbit, and it is thought that on years when the day of Rabbit is late in arriving, how well the harvest does will be different from before.

In the Iwate and the Miyagi Prefectures, a yuki-onna is thought to steal people's vitality; and in Niigata Prefecture, they are said to take the livers out of children and freeze people to death. In Nishimonai, Akita Prefecture, looking at a yuki-onna's face and exchanging words with her would result in being eaten. In Ibaraki Prefecture and in Iwaki Province, Fukushima Prefecture, it is said that if one does not answer when called by a yuki-onna, one would be shoved down into the bottom of a valley. In the Fukui Prefecture, they are called "koshi-musume" (越娘, "passing girl") and it is said that those who turn their backs to a koshi-musume when being called by one would get pushed into a valley.

In Ibigawa, Ibi District, Gifu Prefecture, an invisible monster called the "yukinobō" is said to change its appearance and appear as a yuki-onna. It is said that this monster would appear at mountain huts and ask for water, but if one grants the request, one would be killed, so one should give hot tea instead. It is said that in order to make the yukinbō go away, one should chant "Saki kuromoji ni ato bōshi, shimetsuke haitara, ikanaru mono mo, kanō mai" (meaning "A kurujo in front and a bōshi behind, by wearing these tight, nothing is possible").

The Hirosaki, Aomori legend about a yuki-onna returning to the human world on New Year's Day (Shōgatsu) and the legend in Tōno, Iwate Prefecture about yuki-onna taking away many children to play on "Little New Year" (koshōgatsu)- looking at the days on which they visit, both legends offer insight on how the yuki-onna has some characteristics of a toshigami. The story of how when one person treated a yuki-onna with kindness on a blizzard night, the yuki-onna turned into gold the next morning; illustrating how even in old tales such as the Ōtoshi no Kyaku, the yuki-onna has some relation to the characteristics of a toshigami.

Yuki-onna often appear while taking along children. This is in common with another yōkai that takes along children, the ubume. In the Mogami District, Yamagata Prefecture, ubume are said to be yuki-onna.

They often appear in stories about inter-species marriage, and stories similar to Lafcadio Hearn's Yuki-onna where a mountain hunter gets together with a woman who stays the night as a guest and eventually births a child. One day the man carelessly talks about the taboo of getting together with a yuki-onna, resulting in the woman revealing herself to be a yuki-onna, but not killing the man due to having a child between them and warning, "If anything happens to the child, you won't get away with it" before going away.  These stories can be found in Niigata Prefecture, Toyama Prefecture, and the Nagano Prefecture, which came about as a result of many stories about mountain people where those who break the mountain taboos would be killed by mountain spirits. There is also the hypothesis that the yuki-onna legend was born from a mixture of paranormal stories of mountain people and the paranormal yuki-onna stories.

Old tales about yuki-onna are mostly stories of sorrow, and it is said that these tales started from when people who have lived gloomy lives, such as childless old couples or single men in mountain villages, would hear the sound of a blizzard knocking on their shutter door and fantasize that the thing that they longed for has come. It is said that after that, they would live in happiness with what they longed for in a fantasy as fleeting as snow. There is also a feeling of fear, and like as in the Tōno Monogatari, the sound of a blizzard knocking on an outer shōji is called the "shōji sasuri" (rubbing a shōji), and there is a custom of making children who stayed up late go to sleep quickly when a yuki-onna rubs a shōji. From real sayings such as the shōji sasuri, it is said that things that one longs for sit back-to-back with fear. Also, winter is the season when gods would come to visit, and if one does not pay respects, terrible things will happen, so even if it is said to be things that one longs for, one cannot put too much trust in that. In any case, it can be said to be related to the coming and going of seasons. Nobuyoshi Furuhashi, scholar of Japanese literature, stated that the novel Kaze no Matasaburō is also probably somehow related.

There are various legends about the yuki-onna's true identity, such as a snow spirit or the spirit of a woman who fell over in the snow. In a setsuwa of the Oguni region of Yamagata Prefecture, a yuki-jorō (yuki-onna) was originally a princess of the Moon world, and in order to leave a boring lifestyle came down to Earth together with snow but was unable to go back to the Moon and so appears on snowy moonlit nights.

Yamaoka Genrin, an intellectual from the Edo period, said that yuki-onna is born from snow. It was supposed that if there were a lot of something, a living thing would come forth from it, giving birth to fish if the water is deep enough and birds if the forest is thick enough. Since both snow and women are "yin", so in places like Echigo it is said that yuki-onna might be born from within deep snow.

Among Japan's traditional culture, Yuki-onna can be seen in kōwaka such as the Fushimi Tokiwa (伏見常磐), which can also be checked in modern times. In Chikamatsu Monzaemon's Yuki-onna Gomai Hagoita, the story is about how a woman who was deceived and murdered became a yuki-onna and took revenge as a vengeful ghost. The bewitching and frightening aspects of a yuki-onna are often used in such depictions. Old tales and legends like these have been confirmed in Aomori, Yamagata, Iwate, Fukushima, Niigata, Nagano, Wakayama, Ehime, among other places.

Appearance

Yuki-onna appears on snowy nights as a tall, beautiful woman with long black hair and blue lips. Her inhumanly pale or even transparent skin makes her blend into the snowy landscape (as famously described in Lafcadio Hearn's Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things). She often wears a white kimono, but other legends describe her as nude, with only her face and hair standing out against the snow. Despite her inhuman beauty, her eyes can strike terror into mortals. She floats across the snow, leaving no footprints (in fact, some tales say she has no feet, a feature of many Japanese ghosts), and she can transform into a cloud of mist or snow if threatened.

Variations
There are several variations of Yuki-onna throughout Japan, through which one can fill a whole book only about this yokai. Some notable of them are described below:
Water Beggars: This variation hails from Tottori Prefecture, where it is said that Yuki-onna travels on wind and appears on the days with a light snowfall. She walks swinging a white Gohei wand and shouts whoever she meets saying, "Please give me water-hot or cold." If anyone gives cold water, she swells in size but if anyone gives hot water she melts and disappears.

The Moon Princess: This variations hails from Yamagata Prefecture where it is said that Yuki-onna is the princess of lunar world, living on the moon. Her life was filled with luxury, but it was extremely boring for her. She was fascinated to see the planet Earth below. So, she snuck out one night and fell down to Earth, travelling on snow. However, coming to Earth was easier for her than going back, and she got stuck on Earth. She used to appear on full moon snowy night, pining for her old home.

The Snow Vampire: This version of Yuki-onna hails from four Japanese provinces; Aomori, Gunma, Niigata, and Miyagi. Here it is said that Yuki-onna is a dreadful snow vampire, haunting the snowy forests, looking to feed. She lives by sucking the vital energy of human body, which is mentioned as seiki. She is said to extract the seiki first by freezing victims to death and then sucking the seiki through the dead victim's mouth. Especially in Niigata prefecture, it is said that Yuki-onna likes the seiki of children, so the mothers are warned over there not to let their children play on snowy nights near a forest.

The Talking Snow Women: This version hails from Ibaraki, Fukushima, Akita & Fukui prefectures. Here, the Yuki-onna engages her victims in conversation in order to attack. When she meets someone on a dark and snowy night, she calls out to them. If the person answers her greeting, she attacks. But in Fukushima and Ibaraki, it is said that Yuki-onna attacks those who ignore her, whom she grabs and throws into a nearby ravine.

Behavior
Some legends say the Yuki-onna, being associated with winter and snowstorms, is the spirit of someone who perished in the snow. She is at the same time beautiful and serene, yet ruthless in killing unsuspecting mortals. Until the 18th century, she was almost uniformly portrayed as evil. Today, however, stories often color her as mere human, emphasizing her ghost-like nature and ephemeral beauty.

In many stories, Yuki-onna appears to travelers trapped in snowstorms and uses her icy breath to leave them as frost-coated corpses. Other legends say she leads them astray so they simply die of exposure. Other times, she manifests holding a child. When a well-intentioned soul takes the "child" from her, they are frozen in place. Parents searching for lost children are particularly susceptible to this tactic. Other legends make Yuki-onna much more aggressive. In these stories, she often invades homes, blowing in the door with a gust of wind to kill residents in their sleep (some legends require her to be invited inside first).

What Yuki-onna is after varies from tale to tale. Sometimes she is simply satisfied to see a victim die. Other times, she is more vampiric, draining her victims' blood or "life force." She occasionally takes on a succubus-like manner, preying on weak-willed men to drain or freeze them through sex or a kiss.

Like the snow and winter weather she represents, Yuki-onna has a softer side. She sometimes lets would-be victims go for various reasons. In one popular Yuki-onna legend, for example, she sets a young boy free because of his beauty and age. She makes him promise never to speak of her, but later in life, he tells the story to his wife who reveals herself to be Yuki-Onna. She reviles him for breaking his promise but spares him again, this time out of concern for their children (but if he dares mistreat their children, she will return with no mercy. Luckily for him, he is a loving father). In some versions, she chose not to kill him because he told her, which she did not treat as a broken promise (technically, Yuki-Onna herself is not a human and thus did not count). In a similar legend, Yuki-onna melts away once her husband discovers her true nature. However, she departs to the afterlife afterward the same way. In the same version of the story the Yuki-Onna is seen with a stutter saying "It was I-I-I! Yuki it was!". In some versions, Yuki-onna doesn't leave and that she actually stays with her husband and their children, since it doesn't count as telling anyone else.

Lafcadio Hearn's version
A long time ago, there lived two woodcutters, Minokichi and Mosaku. Minokichi was young and Mosaku was very old.

One winter day, they could not come back home because of a snowstorm. They found a hut in the mountain and decided to sleep there. On this particular evening, Minokichi woke up and found a beautiful lady with white clothes. She breathed on old Mosaku and he was frozen to death.

She then approached Minokichi to breathe on him, but stared at him for a while and said, "I thought I was going to kill you, the same as that old man, but I will not because you are young and beautiful. You must not tell anyone about this incident. If you tell anyone about me, I will kill you."

Several years later, Minokichi met a beautiful young lady, named O-yuki (Yuki = "snow") and married her. She was a good wife. Minokichi and O-yuki had several children and lived happily for many years. Mysteriously, she did not age.

One night, after the children were asleep, Minokichi said to O-yuki: "Whenever I see you, I am reminded of a mysterious incident that happened to me. When I was young, I met a beautiful young lady like you. I do not know if it was a dream or if she was a Yuki-onna..."

After finishing his story, O-yuki suddenly stood up and said "That woman you met was me! I told you that I would kill you if you ever told anyone about that incident. However, I can't kill you because of our children. Take care of our children..." Then she melted and disappeared. No one saw her again.

In media

 This version was directly adapted into the 1965 anthology film Kwaidan as The Woman of the Snow and loosely adapted as the segment Lovers Vow in the 1990 film Tales from the Darkside: The Movie.
 The 1968 fantasy horror film The Snow Woman starring Shiho Fujimura is generally considered the most faithful adaptation of Lafcadio Hearn's telling; apart from altering the names of the sculptors and expanding side elements of the narrative, the film stays largely true to the source material.
 Akira Kurosawa's 1990 anthology film Dreams, a yuki-onna appears in "The Blizzard" segment.
 Froslass of Generation IV in the Pokémon series is based on the Yuki-onna.
 Mizore Shirayuki in the manga/anime series Rosario + Vampire is based on the Yuki-onna.
 Setsura is a Yuki-Onna, who part of Nura: Rise of the Yokai Clan story summary.
 The Yuki-Onna appear in the manga/anime series YuYu Hakusho as well as its anime adaptation, with one of the leads Hiei being born to one along with his twin sister Yukina.
 Yuki-onna (Frostina in the English versions) appears in the Yo-Kai Watch franchise.
 The promotional music video for Sasameyuki by Wagakki Band shows lead singer Yuko Suzuhana playing an awakening yuki-onna.
 Letty Whiterock from the Touhou Project franchise is a Yuki-onna.
 In Yu-Gi-Oh! there are cards called "Yuki-Onna, the Icicle Mayakashi", "Yuki-Onna, the Ice Mayakashi", "Yuki-Onna, the Absolute Zero Mayakashi" and "Ghostrick Yuki-Onna" all of which are based on the Yuki-Onna.
 In the 2004 role-playing game Yume Nikki, Yuki-Onna (Snow Woman in the Steam version of the game) is one of the obtainable effects in the game. Upon use, it turns Madotsuki into a Yuki-Onna.
 The Magic: the Gathering set Saviors of Kamigawa includes a "Yuki-Onna" card, and the novels Heretic: Betrayers of Kamigawa and Guardian: Saviors of Kamigawa by Scott McGough feature an unnamed yuki-onna character.

See also

References

External links

 Yuki Onnna – The Snow Woman at hyakumonogatari.com (English).
 An article that references Yuki Onna in the movies Japanzine by Jon Wilks

Personifications of weather
Japanese folklore
Japanese ghosts
Mythic humanoids
Yōkai
Female legendary creatures

Yuki-onna


Olaylar
 Kubrat Han'ın kurduğu ilk Bulgar hanlığı, Hazarlar tarafından mağlup edildi ve Bulgarlar ikiye ayrıldı.

Doğumlar
 Musa bin Nusayr, Emevî Hâlifesi (ö. 716)

Ölümler
 Muâz bin Cebel, sahabe, fıkıh bilgini, vahiy kâtibi (d. 605)
 Safiyye bint Abdülmuttalib, sahabe (d. 567)

640


بطولة ألمانيا المفتوحة, يشار إليها الآن ببطولة ألمانيا تيلكوم قطر المفتوحة، هي بطولة لرابطة محترفات التنس في برلين, ألمانيا. وتعقد منذ 1896, وهي واحدة من أقدم البطولات الموجودة للسيدات التي لا تزال تلعب. ويتم تصنيفها على انها تير الأولى.

مراجع

أحداث كرة مضرب ألغيت بسبب جائحة فيروس كورونا
الرياضة في برلين
انحلالات سنة 2008 في ألمانيا
بطولات كرة المضرب الترابية
بطولات كرة مضرب سابقة في ألمانيا
بطولات كرة مضرب في ألمانيا
تأسيسات سنة 1896 في ألمانيا
رابطة محترفات كرة المضرب
المرأة في برلين

بطولة ألمانيا المفتوحة


El convento de San Salvador de Horta es un convento franciscano también conocido como Santa María de los Ángeles, construido al pie del monte de San Salvador, que se levanta al este de Horta de San Juan, en la comarca de Tierra Alta. Fue fundado en 1543 y transformado en casa de recoletas en 1576.

Descripción arquitectónica
Arquitectónicamente, se trata de una serie de edificios de diversas épocas, entre los siglos XII y XVII, dispuestos alrededor de un claustro renacentista. La iglesia es un edificio gótico levantado durante el dominio templario, es precedido de un atrio y ampliado con capillas laterales en el . Tiene una sola nave cubierta de una armadura de cabrios y teja que descansa sobre arcos de diafragma y la cabecera forma un ábside semicircular cubierto de bóveda nervada tardorománica. Ya en dominio hospitalario en el , la nave fue prolongada con un coro elevado, una galería porticada y se abrió la actual puerta principal, e espectacular estructura achaflanada y contorno ojival. Está decorada por doce arquivoltas con las correspondientes columnas y capiteles de temática floral. El ábside es semicircular y sigue la tradición románica, con una gran ventana y contrafuertes verticales, ménsulas y adornos que se repiten en los muros laterales.

Bajo los arcos de la galería hay varios sarcófagos, uno de ellos clavado a la derecha de la puerta y decorado con escudos relacionados con el gremio de constructores. Es probable que hubiera contenido los restos de Bernardo de Alguaire, maestro cantero, hijo de Horta, que proyectó y dirigió la obra de la catedral de Tortosa.

A la derecha de la iglesia se extiende el antiguo convento y claustro renacentista. El convento se convirtió en famoso por el hecho de haber residido Salvador de Horta, que obró grandes milagros y ahora es conocido y venerado. Las masas que cada día visitaban Horta de San Juan en busca de curación, y que no dudaban en tratar de San Salvador, despertó los recelos y envidias de jerarquía eclesiástica, que le obligó a trasladarse a Reus.

Estado de conservación
La iglesia se conserva entera y con culto, pero el convento está en ruinas. En 1985 el conjunto de montaña y Convento fueron declarados Monumento histórico-artístico.

A veinticinco minutos del convento, en la parte septentrional del monte, está la cueva y la fuente de San Salvador. Sobre el convento se ven todavía los restos de las antiguas ermitas de San Pablo, San Onofre, San Antonio y Santa Bárbara, donde residían antiguamente frailes haciendo vida eremítica. El convento era un lugar de retiro y residencia de frailes ancianos que en 1830 tenía 41 miembros. Actualmente el Convento es lugar de culto y peregrinación, y en los últimos años han sido restaurados los dos altares barrocos, así como las dependencias que acogen las salas de exposiciones.

Referencias

Bienes culturales de interés nacional de la provincia de Tarragona
Conventos y monasterios de la provincia de Tarragona
Organizaciones religiosas fundadas en 1543
Iglesias góticas de Cataluña
Arquitectura del Renacimiento en Cataluña
Conventos franciscanos de España
Conventos de España del siglo XVI
Arquitectura en Cataluña en el siglo XVI

Convento de San Salvador


İkinci İnönü Muharebesi, 23 Mart-1 Nisan 1921 tarihleri arasında İnönü yakınlarında gerçekleşen muharebe.

Birinci İnönü Muharebesi'nden kazanç sağlayamayan ve Türk kuvvetlerinin güçlenmesine imkân vermeden imhasını sağlamak; Eskişehir ve Afyon stratejik bölgesini ele geçirmek, Sevr Antlaşması hükümlerini zorla Millî Hükümete kabul ettirmek maksadıyla 23 Mart 1921 günü ileri harekata geçen Bursa bölgesine çekilen 3. Yunan Kolordusu ve Uşak bölgesinde bulunan 1. Yunan Kolordusu Londra Konferansı'na gitmek için hazırlanan Türk temsilcileri daha yoldayken, tüm barış kapılarını kapayıp, biri Afyonkarahisar diğeri Eskişehir istikametinde iki koldan saldırıyı başlattılar.

Mirliva (Tuğgeneral) İsmet Paşa komutasındaki birlikler, karargahı Eskişehir'de olmak üzere, güneyden kuzeye 11, 24 ve 61. Piyade Tümenleri birinci hatta; 3. Piyade Tümeni ve 1. Süvari Tugayı örtme görevini müteakip ihtiyatta olacak şekilde, İnönü mevzilerinde savunma için tertiplendi.

Yunan birlikleri muharebenin ilk dört gününde çok başarılı olarak 24 Mart'ta Dumlupınar'ı, 27 Mart'ta da Afyon'u ele geçirdiler. Eskişehir yönünde gelişen Yunan saldırısı ise  Birinci İnönü Muharebesi'nde takip edilen yoldan ilerlemekteydi. İnönü mevkiindeki çatışmalar 27 Mart sabahı başladı. Yunan ordusunun ilk günlerde etkili taarruzlar yapması üzerine bu sıkışık anda takviye olmak üzere TBMM'nde alınan karar doğrultusunda Meclis Muhafız Taburu ile birlikte Millî Savunma Bakanı Fevzi Paşa cepheye gitti. Mevzilerin savunulmasında hiç zaaf göstermeyen ve emirlerinde son derece kesin davranan Cephe Komutanı İsmet Paşa'nın başarılı karşı taarruz emriyle düşman güçleri geri çekilmek zorunda kaldılar. Yunan ordusu bu çekilişi sırasında Türk süvarilerinin ısrarlı takipleri sonucunda ağır kayıplar vermiştir. Buna karşılık Yunan ordusunun güney cephesinde yaptığı taarruz gelişme göstermiş, Afyonu işgal eden Yunan kuvvetleri Çay-Bolvadin hattına kadar ilerlemişlerdi. Ancak Yunan birlikleri 30 Mart'ta yaptıkları ikinci saldırıda da geri püskürtülünce  güneyde Afyon şehrinden çekilmek durumunda kaldılar. Geri çekilen Yunan ordusuna Türk süvarileri tarafından Yenişehir ovasında kuvvetli bir darbe indirilmiştir. Yunanların mağlubiyeti Batı Cephesi Komutanı İsmet Paşa tarafından 1 Nisan 1921'de TBMM Başkanı Mustafa Kemal Paşa'ya telgrafla duyurulur. "Düşman, binlerce ölüsüyle doldurduğu savaş meydanını silahlarımıza bırakmıştır" diye çekilen telgrafa Mustafa Kemal Paşa cevaben "Siz orada yalnız düşmanı değil milletin makus talihini de yendiniz. İstila altındaki topraklarımızla beraber bütün vatan, bugün en ücra köşelerine kadar zaferinizi kutluyor" diye yazmıştır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Birinci İnönü Muharebesi

Kaynakça

Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı Batı Cephesi'nde muharebeler
Hüdâvendigâr Vilayeti
İsmet İnönü
Eskişehir tarihi
1921'de Osmanlı İmparatorluğu
1921'de çatışmalar

İkinci İnönü Muharebesi


Agrilus catherinae é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Chevrolat, 1835.

Referências

catherinae

Agrilus catherinae


Wiley Hardeman Post (November 22, 1898 – August 15, 1935) was a famed American aviator during the interwar period and the first pilot to fly solo around the world. Also known for his work in high-altitude flying, Post helped develop one of the first pressure suits and discovered the jet stream. On August 15, 1935, Post and American humorist Will Rogers were killed when Post's aircraft crashed on takeoff from a lagoon near Point Barrow in the Territory of Alaska.

Post's Lockheed Vega aircraft, the Winnie Mae, was on display at the National Air and Space Museum's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center from 2003 to 2011. It is now featured in the "Time and Navigation" gallery on the second floor of the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.

Early life
Post was born to parents who cultivated cotton on a farm near Grand Saline, Texas. His father was William Francis and his mother was Mae Quinlan Post, a person of mixed Cherokee heritage. His family moved to Oklahoma when he was five. He was an indifferent student, but managed to complete the sixth grade. By 1920, his family settled on a farm near Maysville, Oklahoma.

Young Wiley's first view of an aircraft in flight came in 1913 at the county fair in Lawton, Oklahoma. The plane was a Curtiss-Wright "Pusher type". The event so inspired him that he immediately enrolled in the Sweeney Automobile and Aviation School in Kansas City. Seven months later, he returned to Oklahoma and went to work at the Chickasaw and Lawton Construction Company.

During World War I Post wanted to become a pilot in the U.S. Army Air Service (USAS). Joining the training camp at the University of Oklahoma, he learned radio technology. Germany agreed to an armistice before he completed his training, the war ended, and he went to work as a "roughneck" in the Oklahoma oilfields. The work was also unsteady, and he turned briefly to armed robbery. He was arrested in 1921 and sent to the Oklahoma State Reformatory, serving more than a year there, and was paroled in summer 1922.

Early flying career

Post's aviation career began at age 26 as a parachutist for a flying circus, Burrell Tibbs and His Texas Topnotch Fliers, and he became well known on the barnstorming circuit. On October 1, 1926, Post was badly injured in an oil-rig accident when a piece of metal pierced his left eye (an infection permanently blinded him in that eye, and he typically wore an eyepatch thereafter), but he used the settlement money to buy his first aircraft. Around this time, he met fellow Oklahoman Will Rogers when he flew Rogers to a rodeo, and the two eventually became close friends. Post was the personal pilot of wealthy Oklahoma oilmen Powell Briscoe and F.C. Hall in 1930 when Hall bought a high-wing, single-engine Lockheed Vega, one of the most famous record-breaking aircraft of the early 1930s. The oilman nicknamed it the Winnie Mae after his daughter, and Post achieved his first national prominence in it by winning the National Air Race Derby, from Los Angeles to Chicago. The fuselage was inscribed "Los Angeles to Chicago 9 hrs. 8 min. 2 sec. August 27, 1930." Adam Charles Williams finished second with a time of 9 hrs. 9 min. 4 sec. Post earned a prize of $7,500. (The equivalent of $112,053 in 2020).

Around the world

In 1930, the record for flying around the world was not held by a fixed-wing aircraft, but by the Graf Zeppelin, piloted by Hugo Eckener in 1929 with a time of 21 days. On June 23, 1931, Post and the Australian navigator Harold Gatty left Roosevelt Field on Long Island, New York, in the Winnie Mae with a flight plan that would take them around the world, stopping at Harbour Grace, Flintshire, Hanover twice, Berlin, Moscow, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Blagoveshchensk, Khabarovsk, Nome (where his propeller had to be repaired), Fairbanks (where the propeller was replaced), Edmonton, and Cleveland before returning to Roosevelt Field. They arrived back on July 1, after traveling  in the record time of 8 days and 15 hours and 51 minutes, in the first successful aerial circumnavigation by a single-engined monoplane. The reception they received rivaled Charles Lindbergh's everywhere they went. They had lunch at the White House on July 7, rode in a ticker-tape parade the next day in New York City, and were honored at a banquet given by the Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce of America at the Hotel Astor. After the flight, Post acquired the Winnie Mae from F.C. Hall, and he and Gatty published an account of their journey titled Around the World in Eight Days, with an introduction by Will Rogers.

First solo pilot
After the record-setting flight, Post wanted to open his own aeronautical school, but could not raise enough financial support because of doubts many had about his rural background and limited formal education. Motivated by his detractors, Post decided to attempt a solo flight around the world and to break his previous speed record. Over the next year, Post improved his aircraft by installing an autopilot device and a radio direction finder that were in their final stages of development by the Sperry Gyroscope Company and the United States Army.

In 1933, he repeated his flight around the world, this time using the auto-pilot and compass in place of his navigator and becoming the first to accomplish the feat alone. He departed from Floyd Bennett Field and continued on to Berlin where repairs were attempted to his autopilot, stopped at Königsberg to replace some forgotten maps, Moscow for more repairs to his autopilot, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk for final repairs to the autopilot, Rukhlovo, Khabarovsk, Flat where his propeller had to be replaced, Fairbanks, Edmonton, and back to Floyd Bennett Field.  Fifty thousand people greeted him on his return on July 22 after 7 days, 18 hours, 49 minutes.

Pressure suit

In 1934, with financial support from Frank Phillips of the Phillips Petroleum Company, Post began exploring the limits of high-altitude long-distance flight. The Winnie Mae's cabin could not be pressurized, so he worked with Russell S. Colley of the B.F. Goodrich Company to develop what became the world's first practical pressure suit. Three pressure suits were fabricated for Wiley Post; only the final version proved successful. The first suit ruptured during a pressure test. The redesigned second suit used the same helmet as the first but when tested  was too tight and they were unable to remove it from Post, so they had to cut him out, thus destroying the suit. The third suit was redesigned from the previous two.

The body of the suit had three layers: long underwear, an inner black rubber air pressure bladder, and an outer layer made of rubberized parachute fabric. The outer layer was glued to a frame with arm and leg joints that allowed him to operate the flight controls and to walk to and from the aircraft. Attached to the frame were pigskin gloves, rubber boots, and an aluminum-and-plastic diver's helmet. The helmet had a removable faceplate that could be sealed at a height of , and could accommodate earphones and a throat microphone. The helmet was cylinder-shaped with a circular window. In the first flight using the suit on September 5, 1934, Post reached an altitude of  above Chicago. Eventually flying as high as , Post discovered the jet stream and made the first major practical advances in pressurized flight. As of 2022 the suit is on display.

Attempted high altitude non-stop transcontinental flights

Between February 22 and June 15, 1935, Post made four unsuccessful attempts to complete the first high altitude non-stop flight from Los Angeles to New York, all of which failed for various mechanical reasons. The first attempt on February 22 ended just 57.5 miles north of Los Angeles at Muroc Field, CA (Now Edwards AFB). This was followed by attempts on March 15 (Cleveland, Ohio; 2,035 miles), April 14 (Lafayette, Indiana; 1,760 miles), and June 15 (Wichita, KS; 1,188 miles).

As the attempts were also meant to be the "First Air Mail Stratosphere Flight" over U.S. Air Mail Route #2 (AM-2) from Los Angeles to New York, Post also carried a quantity of 'cacheted' covers sponsored by Transcontinental & Western Air, Inc on all four flights. When Post was killed on August 15, 1935, thus ending the possibility of any more attempts to complete the AM-2 stratosphere flight, the covers were finally cancelled in Los Angeles on August 20, 1935, and forwarded to their addressees.

Final flight and death

In 1935, Post became interested in surveying a mail-and-passenger air route from the West Coast of the United States to Russia. Short on cash, he built a hybrid using parts salvaged from two different aircraft: the fuselage of an airworthy Lockheed Orion and the wings of a wrecked experimental Lockheed Explorer. The Explorer wing was six feet longer in span than the Orion's original wing, an advantage that extended the range of the hybrid aircraft. As the Explorer wing did not have retractable landing gear, it also lent itself to the fitting of floats for landing in the lakes of Alaska and Siberia. Lockheed refused to make the modifications Post requested on the grounds that the two designs were incompatible and potentially a dangerous mix, so Wiley made the changes himself.

Post's friend Will Rogers visited him often at the airport in Burbank, California, while Pacific Airmotive Ltd. was modifying the aircraft, and asked Post to fly him through Alaska in search of new material for his newspaper column. When the floats Post had ordered were delayed, he used a set designed for a larger type, making the aircraft more nose-heavy than it already was. According to the research of Bryan Sterling, however, the floats were the correct type for the aircraft.

After making a test flight in July, Post and Rogers left Lake Washington, near Seattle, in early August and made several stops in Alaska. While Post piloted the aircraft, Rogers wrote his columns on his typewriter. On August 15, they left Fairbanks, Alaska, for Point Barrow. They were a few miles from there when they became uncertain of their position in bad weather and landed in a lagoon to ask for directions. On takeoff, the engine failed at low altitude, and the aircraft, uncontrollably nose-heavy at low speed, plunged into the lagoon, shearing off the right wing, and ended up inverted in the shallow part. Both men died instantly.
Post is buried in Memorial Park Cemetery (section 48), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Honors and tributes
In 1936, the Smithsonian Institution acquired the Winnie Mae from Post's widow for $25,000. Two monuments at the crash site commemorate the death of the two men and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The nearby Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport located in Utqiagvik, Alaska bears their names.

Wiley Post Airport, a large FAA designated reliever airport in Oklahoma City, is named after Post.  Oklahoma City's major commercial airport is named after Will Rogers, so that both victims of the crash are honored by airports in Oklahoma City.  The Will Rogers – Wiley Post Memorial Seaplane Base is a seaplane base located on Lake Washington, at the north end of the Renton Municipal Airport in Renton, Washington.

The U.S. Army Air Forces (later United States Air Force) named a street on the former Maywood Army Air Forces Specialized Storage Depot (later Cheli Air Force Station), after Post. No longer owned by the federal government, Wiley Post Road remains, connecting Bandini Boulevard and Lindbergh Lane in Bell, California.

Post received the Distinguished Flying Cross (1932), the Gold Medal of Belgium (1934), and the International Harmon Trophy (1934). He was enshrined in the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1969. Post was inducted into the First Flight Society's First Flight Shrine, located at the Wright Brothers National Memorial, on December 17, 1970.

In 1997, he was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.

In 1979, the United States Postal Service honored Post with two airmail stamps.

Post was inducted posthumously into the Oklahoma Hall of Fame in 2004.

For many years, The Wiley Post Commission, based in Oklahoma City, presented the annual Wiley Post Spirit Award to "an individual in general aviation who best exemplifies the innovative and pioneering spirit of Wiley Post."

See also
British Air Transport (painting)

Notes

References
Citations

Bibliography

 Johnson, Bobby H. "Post, Wiley Hardeman." The Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved: April 3, 2009.
 Johnson, Bobby H. and R. Stanley Mohler. Wiley Post, His Winnie Mae, and the World's First Pressure Suit. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1971. .
 Kozloski, Lillian D. U.S. Space Gear: Outfitting The Astronaut. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994. .
 "Lockheed 5C Vega."  Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Retrieved: April 3, 2009.
 Mallan, Lloyd. Suiting Up For Space: The Evolution of the Space Suit. New York: The John Day Company, 1971.
 Onkst, David H. " Wiley Post." U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission. Retrieved: 3 April 2009.
 Post, Wiley.Around The World In Eight Days. New York: Crown Book, reprint 1989. .
Sterling, Bryan and Frances. Forgotten Eagle: Wiley Post: America's Heroic Aviation Pioneer. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2001. .
 "Wiley Post." . Century of Flight. Retrieved: April 3, 2009.
 "Wiley Post and the Winnie Mae." AcePilots.com, 2003. Retrieved: April 3, 2009.
 Young, Amanda. Spacesuits: The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Collection.  Brooklyn, NY: House Cultural Entertainment Inc., 2009. .

External links
wileypost.org
"Wiley Post seeks New Record" Popular Mechanics, October 1934 pp. 492–494
Renton Municipal Airport - Will Rogers-Wiley Post Seaplane Base .

1898 births
1935 deaths
People from Van Zandt County, Texas
People from Maysville, Oklahoma
Military personnel from Texas
Aviation pioneers
Aviators from Texas
Accidental deaths in Alaska
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
Harmon Trophy winners
National Aviation Hall of Fame inductees
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
American aviation record holders
20th-century American people
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1935
Eyepatch wearers

Wiley Post


Partisan Review (PR) was a left-wing small-circulation quarterly "little magazine" dealing with literature, politics, and cultural commentary published in New York City. The magazine was launched in 1934 by the Communist Party USA–affiliated John Reed Club of New York and was initially part of the Communist political orbit. Growing disaffection on the part of PRs primary editors began to make itself felt, and the magazine abruptly suspended publication in the fall of 1936. When the magazine reemerged late in 1937, it came with additional editors and new writers who advanced a political line deeply critical of Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union.

By the 1950s, the magazine had evolved towards a moderate social democratic and staunchly anti-Stalinist perspective and was generally supportive of American foreign policy. Partisan Review received covert funding from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the 1950s and 1960s as part of the agency's efforts to shape intellectual opinion during the Cold War. The journal moved its offices to the campus of Rutgers University in 1963, then to the campus of Boston University in 1978. The final issue of the publication appeared in April 2003.

Publication history

Establishment
The literary journal Partisan Review (PR) was launched in New York City in 1934 by the John Reed Club of New York — a mass organization of the Communist Party, USA (CPUSA). The publication was published and edited by two members of the New York club, Philip Rahv and William Phillips. The launch of the magazine was assisted by the editors of New Masses, the Communist Party's national artistic and literary magazine, including Joseph Freeman.

Early issues of the magazine included a mixture of ostensibly proletarian literature and essays of cultural commentary — the latter of which became a hallmark of PR for the whole of its nearly seven decades of existence. Rahv and Phillips were strongly committed to the idea that radical new artistic forms and radical politics could be successfully combined and were critical of much of the form and hackneyed content of much of what passed as "proletarian literature". This critical perspective brought the pair into conflict with party stalwarts at the New Masses such as Mike Gold and Granville Hicks but was not sufficient to break Partisan Review from the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) orbit.

In 1936 as part of its Popular Front strategy of uniting Communist and non-Communist intellectuals against fascism, the CPUSA launched a new mass organization called the League of American Writers, abandoning the John Reed Clubs as part of the change. PR editors Phillips and Rahv were disaffected by the change, seeing the new organization as a watering down and mainstreaming of the party's commitment to a new, radical, proletarian literature. Intellectual interest turned to events abroad and interest in PR faltered to the point that effective with its October 1936 issue, publication of the magazine was suspended.

1937 relaunch
While Partisan Review was relaunched by Rahv and Phillips in December 1937, it was changed at a fundamental level. News of the Great Purge in the Soviet Union and of Soviet duplicity in the Spanish Civil War pushed the pair of editors to a new outspokenly critical perspective. A new cast of editors were brought on board, including Dwight Macdonald and literary critic F. W. Dupee, and a sympathy for Trotskyism began to make itself felt in the magazine's editorial political line. The CPUSA press was hostile, claiming that a party asset had been stolen. A new group of left wing writers deeply critical of the Soviet Union began to write for the publication, including James Burnham and Sidney Hook. The new period of independence had begun.

Effective with the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939, the magazine began to divorce itself from the Communist movement altogether, including its dissident Trotskyist wing. Rahv and Phillips gave qualified support to the campaign for American rearmament and the country's preparation for war, opposed by Macdonald and another editor at the time, Clement Greenberg. A tentative truce between the editors averted a split, with Macdonald finally departing in 1943 to form the pacifist magazine politics.

Anti-Communism began to loom in the raison d'être of Partisan Review in the post-war years and bolstered by the contributions of such writers as Hook, James Farrell, George Orwell, and Arthur Koestler, the political trajectory of PR moved rightwards. Increasingly conservative and nationalist, by the early 1950s the magazine had become devoutly supportive of American virtues and values, although critical of the country's biases and excesses. Orwell had been the Partisan Reviews London correspondent.

Funding by the C.I.A.
Although vehemently denied by founding editor William Phillips, in the years after the fall of the Soviet Union it was revealed that Partisan Review was the recipient of money from the Central Intelligence Agency as part of its effort to shape intellectual opinion in the so-called "cultural cold war". In 1953 the magazine found itself in financial difficulties, when one of its primary backstage financial backers, Allan D. Dowling, became embroiled in a costly divorce proceeding. The financial shortfall was made up by a $2,500 grant from the American Committee for Cultural Freedom (ACCF), a CIA front organization on the executive board of which editor Phillips sat throughout the decade of the 1950s.

Additional CIA money came later in the 1950s. When the ACCF terminated its operations, half of the money remaining in the organization's coffers was transferred to Partisan Review. Additional funds came to the magazine to alleviate its financial problems in the 1950s in the form of a $10,000 donation from Time magazine publisher Henry Luce. Luce seems to have been instrumental in expediting contacts between PR publisher Phillips and Director of Central Intelligence Walter Bedell Smith.

A successor organization established by the CIA to funnel money to sympathetic groups and individuals, the Congress for Cultural Freedom, stepped up to assist the magazine in the early 1960s, granting PR $3,000 a year for a 3-year period in the guise of foreign magazine subscriptions.

Moves to Rutgers and Boston University

In 1963 William Phillips negotiated a move of the editorial offices of Partisan Review to the campus of Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The university agreed to provide not only free office space and utilities, but also to cover the salary of an editor, an assistant editor, a secretary, and various graduate assistants to help with office tasks. In return, the university would gain prestige from association with the well regarded literary journal and make uses of the services of the editor and assistant editor as lecturers in the school's English Department.

This arrangement proved satisfactory for both parties until June 1978, when Phillips approached the University's then-mandatory faculty retirement age of 70. Learning that no exception would be made for him , Phillips began shopping for a new home for Partisan Review. The decision was ultimately made to relocate the magazine's editorial offices to Boston University, where publication would be continued under the editorship of Phillips and Steven Marcus, with Edith Kurzweil remaining as the magazine's Executive Editor. Under terms of the new hosting agreement, ownership rights of Partisan Review's extensive archive were to be transferred to the new institution.

Having invested more than $1 million in Partisan Review over the years and stored the publication's archive since 1963, Rutgers physically blocked the transfer of PR's files to the new institution. A standoff resulted and attorneys for both parties hastily came to an agreement by which Phillips was allowed to remove back issues, financial files, and current documents necessary for the magazine's publication to Boston University with Rutgers holding the archival originals until the matter could be legally settled. An inventory of the magazine's papers was conducted and photocopies of critical documents made and the matter headed for court.

In the lawsuit which followed, Phillips ultimately prevailing based on his contention that the magazine's records had been housed at Rutgers merely as a revokable "deposit" rather than a permanent gift. Rutgers was allowed to microfilm the magazine's pre-1978 records with the originals were transferred to Boston University.

Termination and legacy
Phillips died in September 2002 at age 94. The journal continued under his wife, Edith Kurzweil at Boston University until ceasing publication in April 2003.

Notable contributions
 James Baldwin's "Everybody's Protest Novel" (1949).
 Saul Bellow's first published work "9a.m., without Work" in 1941.
 Two of T. S. Eliot's "Four Quartets"
 Clement Greenberg's "Avant-Garde and Kitsch"
 George Orwell's "Such, Such Were the Joys"
 Delmore Schwartz's "In Dreams Begin Responsibilities"
 Susan Sontag's "Notes on 'Camp' "
 Philip Roth's "His Mistress's Voice" (1986)

See also
Bibliography of George Orwell
 Congress for Cultural Freedom - CIA program to fund European magazines

Notes

Further reading
 Ronald Becker, "On Deposit: A Handshake and a Lawsuit." The American Archivist, Vol. 56 (Spring 1993), pp. 320–328.
 Alexander Bloom, Prodigal Sons: The New York Intellectuals and Their World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

 James Gilbert, "Literature and Revolution in the United States: The Partisan Review," Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 2, no. 2 (April 1967), pp. 161–176.
 Frances Stonor Saunders, The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters. New York: The New Press, 2000.
 Sam Tanenhaus, "Hello to All That: The Irony Behind the Demise of the Partisan Review", Slate, April 16, 2003.
 Mark Greif, "What's Wrong with Public Intellectuals?", Chronicle of Higher Education, Feb. 13, 2015 (reviewing the newly digitized PR and comparing with modern peers)

External links
 Partisan Review online archive, Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center, Boston University.

1934 establishments in the United States
2003 disestablishments in the United States
Central Intelligence Agency domestic surveillance operations
Congress for Cultural Freedom
Political magazines published in the United States
Quarterly magazines published in the United States
Anti-communism
Communist Party USA publications
Defunct literary magazines published in the United States
Defunct political magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1934
Magazines disestablished in 2003
Magazines published in New York City
Social democracy

Partisan Review


Sarissa De Vries née le  à Lekkerkerk est une triathlète néerlandaise. Championne des Pays-Bas de duathlon en 2017 et de triathlon en 2017 et 2018. Elle remporte le titre de championne de triathlon longue distance 2021.

Biographie

Sarissa De Vries remporte en 2021, les Challenge Riccione et Gdansk devant respectivement les anglaises
India Lee et Lucy Hall.

Palmarès
Le tableau présente les résultats les plus significatifs (podium) obtenus sur les circuits national et international de duathlon et de triathlon depuis 2012.

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Ironman
 Challenge (triathlon)
 Championnats du monde de triathlon longue distance
 Championnats d'Europe de triathlon longue distance

Liens externes

Triathlète néerlandaise
Duathlète néerlandaise
Championne du monde de triathlon longue distance
Naissance en février 1989
Commune dans la province de Hollande-Méridionale

Sarissa De Vries


A Liga Portugal Copa Ibérica foi uma prova amigável de pré-época criada em 2019 pela Liga Portugal em conjunto com a La Liga que colocou em campo duas equipas da Liga Portugal e duas equipas da La Liga.

O clube vencedor foi o FC Porto.

Vencedores

Performances por clubes

Performances por países

Ver também

 Taça Ibérica

Referências

La Liga
Futebol de 2019 em Portugal
Futebol de 2019 na Espanha
Real Betis Balompié
Futebol Clube do Porto
Competições internacionais de futebol

Liga Portugal Copa Ibérica


Ela sti thesi mou (em grego Έλα στη θέση μου) é uma telenovela de comédia diária grega, produzida entre 2016 a 2021, criada por George Kritikos, Mary Zafeiropoulou e Stavros Kalafatidis e exibida na Alpha TV entre 3 de outubro de 2016 a 9 de julho de 2021 em 934 capítulos.

A história principal é baseada na telenovela colombiana Nuevo Rico Nuevo Pobre criada por Jörg Hiller, Claudia Sánchez e Rafael Rojas exibida entre 16 de agosto de 2007 e 11 de julho de 2008 na Caracol Televisión.

Foi dirigida de tempos em tempos por Giannis Vassiliadis, Spyros Rasidakis, Vassilis Tselemegos, Faye Tzanetopoulou e Georgia Zisi.

Trama
A telenovela apresenta a vida de dois homens, Vlasis Kalaitzis ( Yiannis Tsimitselis ) e Achilleas Sophocleous ( Marinos Konsolos, de diferentes classes sociais que descobrem que no dia em que nasceram, as famílias mudaram acidentalmente e agora estão tentando se adaptar à nova realidade.

Exibição
Foi exibida em cinco temporadas entre 3 de outubro de 2016 a 9 de julho de 2021 no horário nobre da Alpha TV (20:00-21:00) e contém um total de 934 episódios.

Em abril de 2019, a Alpha TV anunciou a renovação da série para uma quarta temporada, que estreou em 16 de setembro de 2019 e terminou em 10 de julho com 165 episódios.

Em 22 de junho de 2020, a telenovela mudou o horário de exibição, com os novos episódios sendo exibidos às 20:50. A exibição da telenovela voltou ao seu tempo normal na estreia da quinta temporada.  A série foi finalmente concluída em 9 de julho de 2021.

1ª temporada
A 1ª temporada começou a revelação da verdade de que Vlasis é filho de Emilia e Aquiles é filho de Leônidas. Vlasis termina com Renata e fica com Faye, enquanto Aquiles, após romper com Faye, fica com Renata. Sylvia, sobrinha de Emilia, faz as pazes com Makis. A irmã de Renata, Ismini, fez com o namorado de Vlasis, Mimi, com quem estão se separando.

2ª temporada
Na 2ª temporada, Faye tenta reivindicar Vlasis e ao mesmo tempo engravida, mas finalmente se divorcia de Vlasis. Miranda deixa Leônidas, mas Leônidas tem um caso com Meni Schultz. Aquiles tem um relacionamento com a filha de Meni, Vasilina, com quem se casa enquanto Renata tenta esquecer Aquiles com Thanos, que é enviado por Meni. Makis e Sylvia vão se casar. Ismene fica com Jan, irmão de Vasilina. No final da telenovela, Aquiles termina com Vasilina e se reencontra com Renata, mas Vasilina anuncia que está esperando um filho dele. Leônidas se divorcia de Meni. Vlasis faz isso com Mika.

3ª temporada
Na 3ª temporada foi revelado que Vasilina fez fertilização in vitro para manter Aquiles perto dela. Apesar das dificuldades, Sylvia e Makis permanecem juntos. Leônidas conhece Floreta, esposa de Andreas, Andreas é irmão do marido da falecida Emília. Vlasis se casa com Mika. No final da temporada, Mika se divorcia de Vlasis, Aquiles se casa com Renata, Leônidas se casa com Floreta, com quem se casa. Ismene partiu para a Alemanha com Jan. Andreas fez as pazes com Emilia e eles saíram juntos.

4ª temporada
Na 4ª temporada, Vlasis faz as pazes com Marina, com quem se separa no final da temporada. Aquiles e Renata se divorciam. Aqules fez isso com Evita, com quem mais tarde se divorciou. Renata fica com Marco, filho ilegítimo de Andreas. Apesar das dificuldades, Makis e Sylvia e Leônidas e Floreta permanecem juntos.

5ª temporada
Na 5ª e última temporada, Renata está com Marco enquanto Aquiles se casou com Kentra. Vlasis tem um relacionamento com Thalia. Faye se apaixona por Marco que a deixa grávida. Miranda voltou como resultado de perturbar a relação entre Leônidas e Floreta. Renata termina com Marco e Aquiles termina com Kentra e faz as pazes novamente com Renata. Ismini voltou para a Grécia depois que ela terminou com Jan, Vlasis, depois de separar Thalia, fez as pazes com Ismini. Eventualmente Miranda sai e Leônidas fica com Floreta. No final da série, Faye sai, Marcos sai após sua separação de Renata. Zacarias se casou. Aquiles ficou com Renata com quem criaram a família. Floreta engravidou e teve gêmeos com Leônidas. Vlasis ficou com Ismene com quem tiveram um filho e no final da série Ismene está grávida e depois de muitos esforços Sylvia engravida para que ela e Makis tenham o filho que sempre quiseram. Também no final da série, Vana a reencontra com Fotis e engravida. Latania faz as pazes com Damianos e engravida.

Visão geral

Ligações externas

 Site oficial de Ela sti thesi mou

Referências

Telenovelas
Telenovelas da Grécia

Ela sti thesi mou


Lokca este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Námestovo din regiunea Žilina. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 2.361 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna .

Istoric
Localitatea Lokca este atestată documentar din 1496.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Lokca


Villa Epecuén var en ferieby i Buenos Aires-Provinsen i Argentina. Den blev oversvømmet i 1985 og blev forladt. Dens ruiner er på den østlige bred af saltsøen Laguna Epecuén, omkring 7 km nord for byen Carhué.

Bygningen af Epecuén blev påbegyndt i begyndelsen af 1920'erne. Epecuén var tilgængelig fra Buenos Aires med tog. Villa Epecuén station blev betjent af Sarmiento-jernbanelinjen, mens Midland Jernbane og Buenos Aires Store Sydlige Jernbane medtog passagerer til Carhué station i nærheden.

Turismen var veludviklet i Epecuén pga. ferierende fra Buenos Aires, som søgte Lago Epecuéns terapeutiske salte vand. På sit højdepunkt kunne Villa Epecuén rumme mindst 5.000 besøgende.

Den 6. november 1985 ødelagde en seiche forårsaget af et sjældent vejrmønster først en nærliggende dæmning og derefter diget, som beskyttede landsbyen. Vandet steg gradvist og nåede et højdepunkt på 10 meter. Landsbyen blev ubeboelig og blev aldrig genopbygget.

På det tidspunkt var der op til 280 virksomheder i Epecuén, herunder etageejendomme, pensionater, hoteller og forretninger, som 25.000 turister besøgte mellem november og marts, fra 1950'erne til 1970'erne.

Byen nåede en befolkning på 1.500 indbyggere på sit højdepunkt. Byen har nu en eneste beboer, Pablo Novak, født i 1930, som vendte tilbage til sit hjem i 2009, da vandet trak sig tilbage, efter at have dækket byen i 25 år.

Pablo's Villa er en dokumentarfilm fra 2013, som skildrer livet i byen og Pablo Novak.

Byen er brugt som ramme for en reklame med street trials-cyklisten Danny MacAskill som medvirkende, som blev udgivet af Red Bull Media House den 27. maj 2014.

Billeder

Henvisninger

Eksterne henvisninger
 Kom og besøg vores druknede spøgelseby..., Daily Mail, 10. maj 2013
 The Town that spent 25 Years Underwater, 13. nov. 2012
 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-34783118,[] BBC News, 11. nov. 2015

Byer i Argentina
Oversvømmelser
Spøgelsesbyer

Villa Epecuén


Aya Kiguchi (木口 亜矢, Kiguchi Aya?, nascută 11 octombrie 1985, în Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japonia) este un race queen și model care este reprezentată de agenția de talente, Platinum Production.

Referințe

Nașteri în 1985
Gravure idol japoneze
Oameni în viață

Aya Kiguchi


Murder with Mirrors is a 1985 British-American television film starring Helen Hayes (in her final film role) and Bette Davis. It is based on Agatha Christie's novel They Do It with Mirrors, using the novel's American title. The novel has been dramatized on two separated series, Miss Marple and Agatha Christie's Marple. They used the novel's original title.

Synopsis
Miss Marple reunites with her friend Carrie Louise Serrocold at her country mansion. Christian Gulbranson, Marple's lawyer, persuades her to visit the estate of his stepmother, Carrie Louise. Her devoted husband Lewis has turned the manor house Stonygates into a halfway house for criminals. He confides to Marple and suspects someone poisoning Carrie with arsenic. After Christian dies, a killer is at large in a house full of suspects.

Cast
 Helen Hayes as Miss Jane Marple
 Bette Davis as Carrie Louise Serrocold
 John Mills as Lewis Serrocold
 Leo McKern as Inspector Curry
 Liane Langland as Gina Markham
 John Laughlin as Wally Markham
 Dorothy Tutin as Mildred Strete
 Anton Rodgers as Dr. Max Hargrove
 Frances de la Tour as Miss Bellaver
 John Woodvine as Christian Gulbranson
 James Coombes as Steven Restarick
 Tim Roth as Edgar Lawson

Production

It was filmed entirely on location in England. Brocket Hall in Hertfordshire featured as Stonygates. Several locations in London can be seen, like Carlton House Terrace, Trafalgar Square and Westminster Bridge. Turville, Seer Green and Skirmett, all in Buckinghamshire were used for the film.

References

External links

1985 television films
1985 films
1980s mystery films
American mystery television films
Films based on Miss Marple books
CBS network films
Television shows based on works by Agatha Christie
Films directed by Dick Lowry
Films scored by Richard Rodney Bennett
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
1980s British films
British mystery television films

Murder with Mirrors


Peter Scott Ivers, né le  dans l'Illinois et mort le  à Los Angeles, est un compositeur et musicien américain, qui s'est fait connaître par l'émission de télévision .

Bien que né dans l'Illinois, il a grandi à Brookline, une ville du Massachusetts. Il a étudié à la , puis est entré dans le programme de langue classique de l'université de Harvard, mais a opté pour une carrière dans la musique. Au début, il ne joue que de l'harmonica. Il signe un contrat avec Epic Records en 1969.

En 1983, Peter Ivers est retrouvé mort, battu à coups de marteau dans son appartement de Los Angeles. Le tueur n'a pas été identifié.

Discographie

 Knight of the Blue Communion (Epic, 1969)
 Take It Out on Me (Wounded Bird Records, 1971)
  (Warner Bros., 1974)
 Peter Ivers (aussi connu sous le nom de Peter Peter Ivers; Warner Bros., 1976)
 Nirvana Peter (Warner Bros., 1985)
 The Untold Stories (K2B2 Records, 2008)

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en septembre 1946
Décès en mars 1983
Acteur américain de télévision
Musicien américain
Décès à 36 ans

Peter Ivers


Marcelo Jorge Romeo Romo Romo (Santiago, 23 de abril de 1941-ibidem, 23 de enero de 2018) fue un actor y director de teatro chileno, de una larga trayectoria en su país natal, como también en Venezuela, México y Colombia durante su exilio político tras el golpe de Estado y persecución política de Chile. Es reconocido por interpretar papeles principales en varias películas como Voto + fusil de Helvio Soto, Ya no basta con rezar, de Aldo Francia y Los náufragos de Miguel Littín. En teatro, protagonizó la primera versión chilena de Romeo y Julieta de Pablo Neruda, dirigida por Eugenio Guzmán.

Biografía

Juventud y exilio
Nació en Santiago, hijo de Romeo Romo Muzard y Rebeca Adriana de las Nieves Romo Reyes. Estudió teatro en la Universidad de Chile, de inmediato comenzó a trabajar en teatro y cine. Uno de sus primeros papeles fue en 1964, protagonizando la obra Romeo y Julieta de Pablo Neruda, dirigida por Eugenio Guzmán. Su primer papel en la pantalla grande fue nada menos que en El Chacal de Nahueltoro de Miguel Littin, encarnando al reportero que sigue el caso y posterior ejecución del personaje protagonista. Este rol, además, sería también el punto de partida de su estrecha relación con el Nuevo cine chileno. Así, posteriormente, trabaja en Los testigos de Charles Elsesser en un pequeño papel, para luego ser el protagonista principal de dos icónicas películas estrenadas durante la Unidad Popular: Voto + fusil de Helvio Soto y Ya no basta con rezar, de Aldo Francia. Con esta última, sobre todo, su figura quedará marcada dentro de la historia del cine chileno al encarnar a un comprometido sacerdote. En agosto de 1970, Romo participó en el estreno de la canción «Cantata de Santa María de Iquique», realizado en el Estadio Chile dentro del marco de segundo Festival de la Nueva Canción Chilena. En aquella ocasión, el actor hizo la narración, mientras que la interpretación de la canción estuvo a cargo del grupo Quilapayún. Trabajaría también en dos películas que, tras el golpe de Estado de 1973, no podrán estrenarse en el país: Metamorfosis del jefe de la policía política y Queridos compañeros.

A la par de su carrera artística, fue militante del MIR. Tras el Golpe de Estado del 11 de septiembre de 1973 debió esconderse, pero fue capturado por los militares el día 21 de septiembre y conducido al Regimiento Buin. En aquel lugar fue torturado e interrogado sobre sus actividades políticas. Posteriormente fue sometido a un juicio militar y a un juicio ordinario, resultando absuelto por falta de pruebas. Figura en la nómina de prisioneros políticos y torturados del Informe Valech 2, Tras esto se fue del país y se radicó en Inglaterra. Tiempo después se trasladó a Venezuela, donde trabajó en la cadena Venevisión. También trabajó para Televisa.

Tras el golpe, terminará radicándose en Venezuela, donde continuará una destacada carrera, convirtiéndose en un reconocido actor de televisión y teatro. Con el fin de la dictadura, regresa a Chile. Protagoniza el filme Los náufragos de Miguel Littin, para luego trabajar en montajes teatrales y en teleseries.

Retorno a Chile y últimos años
Luego de un largo exilio, Marcelo Romo regresó a Chile, participando en algunas producciones nacionales como la película Los náufragos de Miguel Littín, además de integrarse al elenco de telenovelas de TVN, participando en un buen número de telenovelas.

En marzo de 2003 estalló el escándalo de Inverlink, situación que afectó a varios artistas e inversionistas que habían invertido sus ahorros en esta rentable empresa, la que ocupaba información privilegiada aportada por una secretaria privada del presidente del Banco Central chileno. Marcelo Romo fue uno de los afectados, perdiendo casi 70 millones de pesos.

Ese mismo año, fundó su escuela de teatro en Santiago, la que fue su principal preocupación desde entonces. Sin embargo, su salud se deterioró en los años siguientes debido a que padecía el mal de Alzheimer. El 18 de noviembre de 2011 se extravió desde su casa en Ñuñoa, siendo encontrado al día siguiente cerca de Plaza Baquedano.

El 23 de enero de 2018, su muerte fue comunicada en Twitter por el ministro de Cultura, Ernesto Ottone.

Filmografía

Telenovelas

Series y miniseries

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Ficha en cinechile.cl

Nacidos en Santiago de Chile
Actores de cine de Chile
Actores de televisión de Chile
Actores de teatro de Chile
Chilenos exiliados de la dictadura militar
Torturados de Chile
Alumnado de la Universidad de Chile
Militantes del MIR de Chile
Enfermos de alzhéimer
Víctimas de violación de los derechos humanos en Chile

Marcelo Romo


Inveraray dans l'Argyllshire était un Burgh royal qui a élu un Commissaire au Parlement d'Écosse et à la Convention des États.

Après les Actes d'Union de 1707, Inveraray, Ayr, Campbeltown, Irvine et Rothesay ont formé le district d'Ayr, envoyant un membre à la Chambre des communes de Grande-Bretagne.

Liste des commissaires de burgh

 1661–63: John Yuill, provost
 1669–74: Sir Colin Campbell d'Aberuchill
 1678 (convention), 1681–82: William Broun, provost
 1685–86: John McNaughton, conseiller
 1689 (convention), 1689–1702: Hugh Broune
 1702–07: Daniel (ou Donald) Campbell d'Ardintenie

Références

Article connexe
 Liste des circonscriptions au Parlement d'Écosse au moment de l'Union

Circonscription du Parlement d'Écosse (jusqu'en 1707)
Politique dans l'Argyll and Bute

Inveraray (circonscription du Parlement d'Écosse)


La 2.ª segunda división mecanizada ligera, es una unidad blindada francesa, creada en 1937 por la transformación de la 5.ª División de Caballería, con sede en Lyon.

Para su organización se tomó en cuenta la 1.ª División Mecanizada Ligera creada el año anterior, con algunas modificaciones, principalmente debido a los cambios en el material usado. Durante la campaña de Francia, fue rodeado por tropas alemanas en territorio de Bélgica. Sin embargo, se reconstituye a principios de junio, y lleva a cabo operaciones que retrasarían al enemigo, durante la retirada del ejército francés, hasta el armisticio del 25 de junio de 1940. Después de la derrota, la división fue disuelta el 16 de julio.

Comandantes
 Del 5 de julio de 1937 a septiembre de 1939 General Félix René Altmayer.
 De septiembre de 1939 al 16 de julio de 1940 General Gabriel Bougrain.

Organización
 3° Brigada Mecanizada Ligera (General Testard)
  Regimiento de dragons
 29° Regimiento de dragons
Los dos regimientos de combate blindado, con dos escuadrones de Hotchkiss H35 y dos Somua S-35.

 4.ª Brigada Mecanizada Ligera(coronel Wood Beauchesne)
 13° Regimiento de cuirassiers, regimiento de reconocimiento, con dos escuadrones de carros blindados y dos escuadrones de motociclistas de reconocimiento.
  Regimiento de dragons, con tres batallones: un escuadrón de blindados de reconocimiento, dos de fusileros, y un escuadrón de ametralladoras y equipo.
 12° Escuadrón de División Antitanque, de cañones antitanque de 25 mm.
 12° Escuadrón de División de Reparaciones.

 Regimientos de Artillería
 2 grupos con 12 cañones de 75 mm.
 1 grupos con 12 cañones de 105 mm.
 1 Batería antitanque de 10 cañones de 47 mm.

En total, la 2° División, cuenaba con:
 260 vehículos blindados
 48 AMD Panhard-178,
 69 Renault ZT,
 94 Hotchkiss H35 y
 96 Somua S-35.

Su potencia de fuego era:
 12 cañones de 105 mm.
 24 cañones de 75 mm.
 96 cañones de 47 mm.
 96 cañones de 37 mm.
 117 cañones de 25 mm.
 450 fusiles automáticos y ametralladoras.

Unidades militares de la Segunda Guerra Mundial de Francia Libre

2.ª División Mecanizada Ligera


Das Tennis-Dameneinzel der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2004 wurde vom 15. bis 21. August im Olympic Tennis Centre ausgetragen.

Titelverteidigerin war Venus Williams. Das Finale bestritten Justine Henin-Hardenne und Amélie Mauresmo, das Henin-Hardenne in zwei Sätzen gewann.

Setzliste

Zeichenerklärung

Ergebnisse

Viertelfinale, Halbfinale, Finale

Obere Hälfte

Obere Hälfte 1

Obere Hälfte 2

Obere Hälfte 3

Obere Hälfte 4

Untere Hälfte

Untere Hälfte 1

Untere Hälfte 2

Untere Hälfte 3

Untere Hälfte 4

Weblinks
 Draw auf ITFtennis.com (englisch)

Tennis-Dameneinzel
2004
Tennisturnier 2004
Tennisturnier in Marousi

Olympische Sommerspiele 2004/Tennis/Dameneinzel


An Cyperus robinsonii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Dieter Podlech. An Cyperus robinsonii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyperus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Zambia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Cyperus

Cyperus robinsonii


Franklin Ramón Chang-Díaz (born April 5, 1950, San José, Costa Rica) is an American mechanical engineer, physicist and former NASA astronaut. He is the sole founder and CEO of Ad Astra Rocket Company as well as a member of Cummins' board of directors. He became an American citizen in 1977.

He is a veteran of seven Space Shuttle missions, tying the record, as of 2021 for the most spaceflights (a record set by Jerry L. Ross). He was the third Latin American, but the first Latin American immigrant NASA Astronaut selected to go into space. Chang-Díaz is a member of the NASA Astronaut Hall of Fame.

Family and education
Franklin Ramón Chang-Díaz was born in San José, Costa Rica on April 5, 1950, to Ramón Ángel Chang Morales, an oil worker whose own father fled China during the Boxer Rebellion, and María Eugenia Díaz Romerois. One of six children, he has a younger sister, Sonia Rosa (born December 1952) and his mother, brothers and sisters still reside in Costa Rica. His two eldest daughters with his ex-wife Candice Chang, include Sonia Rosa, who is a member of the Massachusetts Senate. He married in the United States, on December 17, 1984, Dr. Peggy Marguerite Doncaster (née Stafford, of Alexandria, Louisiana), with whom he has two daughters, both born in Houston, Texas.

He graduated from Colegio de La Salle in San Jose with an "A" in November 1967, then moved to the United States to finish his high school education at Hartford Public High School in Connecticut, in 1969. He went on to attend the University of Connecticut, where he earned a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering and joined the federal TRIO Student Support Services program in 1973. He then attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he earned a Ph.D. degree in applied plasma physics in 1977. For his graduate research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Chang-Díaz worked in the field of fusion technology and plasma-based rocket propulsion.

NASA career
Chang-Díaz was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in 1980 and first flew aboard Space Shuttle mission STS-61-C in 1986. Subsequent missions included STS-34 (1989), STS-46 (1992), STS-60 (1994), STS-75 (1996), STS-91 (1998), and STS-111 (2002). During STS-111, he performed three extravehicular activities (EVAs) with Philippe Perrin as part of the construction of the International Space Station (ISS). He was also director of the Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory at the Johnson Space Center from 1993 to 2005. Chang-Díaz retired from NASA in 2005.

Post-NASA career

After leaving NASA, Chang-Díaz set up the Ad Astra Rocket Company, which became dedicated to the development of advanced plasma rocket propulsion technology. Years of research and development have produced the Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR), an electrical propulsion device for use in space. With a flexible mode of operation, the rocket can achieve very high exhaust speeds, and with a sufficiently powerful electrical supply even has the theoretical capability to take a crewed rocket to Mars in 39 days.

Chang-Díaz also is active in environmental protection and raising awareness about climate change, notably in his role in Odyssey 2050 The Movie in which he encourages young people to get motivated about environmental issues.

In addition, Chang-Díaz is an adjunct professor in physics and astronomy at Rice University. He has been on the board of directors of Cummins since December 8, 2009.

He is also the father of Democratic candidate for the 2022 Massachusetts gubernatorial election Sonia Chang-Díaz.

Awards and honors
In 1986, Franklin Chang-Díaz was one of twelve recipients of the Medal of Liberty. He was inducted into the NASA Astronaut Hall of Fame on May 5, 2012 in a ceremony that took place in the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. Also, due to his career and scientific success, he has been decorated multiple times in Costa Rica and named Honor Citizen by the national legislature. The Costa Rican National High Technology Center (CeNAT), among other institutions, is named after him. In 2014, Chang-Díaz was awarded the "Buzz Aldrin Quadrennial Space Award" by The Explorers Club. Buzz Aldrin, whom Chang-Díaz called a childhood hero, presented the award.

See also
 List of Asian American astronauts
 List of Hispanic astronauts
 Space exploration

References

External links

 Centro Nacional de Alta Tecnología Dr. Franklin Chang Díaz (CeNAT)

1950 births
Living people
21st-century American engineers
21st-century American physicists
American astronauts
Costa Rican astronauts
Costa Rican scientists
Costa Rican emigrants to the United States
Costa Rican people of Chinese descent
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
University of Connecticut alumni
United States Astronaut Hall of Fame inductees
NASA civilian astronauts
American aviators of Chinese descent
Space Shuttle program astronauts
People with multiple nationality
Hispanic and Latino American scientists
Spacewalkers
Mir crew members
Hispanic and Latino American physicists
Chinese astronauts
Hispanic and Latino American aviators

Franklin Chang-Díaz


Scientific philosophy may refer to:

 Logical positivism
 Experimental philosophy

For philosophical issues raised by science, see philosophy of science.

Scientific philosophy


කතාව කෙටියෙන්...

මහාචාර්ය මොරියාටිගේ ව්‍යාජ නියෝජිතයෙකු වන ෆ්‍රෙඩ් පෝර්ලොක්ගෙන් ෂර්ලොක් හෝම්ස් හට කේතාංක පණිවිඩයක් ලැබේ. කෙසේ වෙතත්, පෝර්ලොක් පණිවිඩය යැවීමෙන් පසු, ඔහු ද්‍රෝහියෙකු බව මොරියාටි විසින් සොයා ගනු ඇතැයි යන බියෙන් ඔහු තම අදහස වෙනස් කරයි. ඔහු කේතාංකයට යතුර නොයැවීමට තීරණය කරයි, නමුත් ඔහු හෝම්ස්ට මෙම තීරණය ගැන සටහනක් එවයි. කේතාංක පණිවිඩයෙන් සහ දෙවන සටහනෙන්, එය පොත් කේතාංකයක් බවත්, සංකේතනය සඳහා භාවිතා කරන පොත සාමාන්‍ය පොතක් බවත්, විශාල (අවම වශයෙන් පිටු 534ක් සහිත), පිටුවකට තීරු දෙකකින් මුද්‍රණය කර ඇති බවත්, හෝම්ස්ට නිගමනය කළ හැකිය. සම්මත කර ඇත. අල්මාණයක් මෙම තත්වයන්ට හරියටම ගැලපේ.

හෝම්ස් තමාට දින කිහිපයකට පෙර ලැබුණු විටකර්ගේ අල්මානාක් හි නවතම සංස්කරණය උත්සාහ කර එය අසාර්ථක විය. පසුව ඔහු පෙර සංස්කරණය උත්සාහ කරයි. මෙම අල්මානාව සමඟින්, බර්ල්ස්ටෝන් හවුස් හි වෙසෙන එක් ඩග්ලස් නම් ගම්බද මහත්මයෙකුට එරෙහි නින්දිත කුමන්ත්‍රණයක් පිළිබඳ අනතුරු ඇඟවීමක් ලෙස පණිවිඩය විකේතනය කිරීමට හෝම්ස්ට හැකි වේ. මිනිත්තු කිහිපයකට පසු, පරීක්ෂක මැක්ඩොනල්ඩ් බේකර් වීදියට පැමිණෙන්නේ සසෙක්ස් හි බර්ල්ස්ටෝන් හි බර්ල්ස්ටෝන් මැනර් හවුස් හි ජෝන් ඩග්ලස් මහතා ඝාතනය කර ඇති බව ය. හෝම්ස් මැක්ඩොනල්ඩ්ට ෂර්ලොක්ගේ අනතුරු ඇඟවීම ගැන පවසන්නේ මොරියාටිගේ මැදිහත්වීම යෝජනා කරමිනි. කෙසේ වෙතත්, උගත් සහ ගෞරවනීය මොරියාටි අපරාධකරුවෙකු බව මැක්ඩොනල්ඩ් සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම විශ්වාස නොකරයි. හෝම්ස්, වොට්සන් සහ මැක්ඩොනල්ඩ් අපරාධය විමර්ශනය කිරීම සඳහා පැරණි දිය අගල සහිත මැනර් නිවසක් වන බර්ල්ස්ටෝන් නිවස වෙත ගමන් කරයි.

ඩග්ලස් ඝාතනය කර තිබුණේ ඊට පෙර දින සවසය. Birlstone House හි නිතර ආගන්තුකයෙකු වන Cecil Barker, ඔහුගේ සාක්ෂියට අනුව, තුවක්කුවක් පිළිබඳ වාර්තාවක් ඇසෙන විට, එකොළොස් හමාරට ඔහුගේ කාමරයේ සිට ඇත. නිවසේ ඉදිරිපස දොර ළඟම කාමරයේ මැද ඩග්ලස් වැතිර සිටින බවත්, කියත් කපා දැමූ තුවක්කුවක් ඔහුගේ පපුව හරහා වැටී ඇති බවත් ඔහු සොයා ගියේය. ඔහුට ඉතා ආසන්න දුරකින් වෙඩි තබා ඇත: තුවක්කුවේ සම්පූර්ණ ආරෝපණය මුහුණට ලැබුණු අතර, ඔහුගේ හිස 'කෑලි වලට පාහේ' ගසාගෙන ගියේය. බාර්කර් වහාම ගමේ පොලිස් ස්ථානයට ගොස් එය භාරව සිටි සැරයන් විල්සන්ට දන්වා ඇත. විල්සන් ප්‍රාන්ත බලධාරීන්ට දැනුම් දීමෙන් පසු බාර්කර් පසුපස ගියේය.

හෝම්ස්, මැක්ඩොනල්ඩ් සහ වයිට් මේසන් ඝාතනය සිදු වූ ස්ථානයට යනවා. සියදිවි නසාගැනීම ප්‍රශ්නයක් නොවන බවත්, නිවසින් පිටත සිට පැමිණි අයෙක් මෙම ඝාතනය සිදු කළ බවත් එකඟ වෙමින් ඔවුන් නඩුව සාකච්ඡා කරති. මිනිසුන්ගෙන් සමන්විත රහස් සමාජයක් ඩග්ලස් පසුපස හඹා ගිය බවත්, ඔහු තම ජීවිතයට ඇති බිය නිසා එංගලන්තයේ ගම්බද ප්‍රදේශවලට පසුබැස ගිය බවත් බාර්කර් විශ්වාස කරයි. ඩග්ලස් වසර පහකට පෙර එංගලන්තයට පැමිණීමෙන් පසු විවාහ විය. ඔහුගේ පළමු බිරිඳ ටයිපොයිඩ් රෝගයෙන් මිය ගොස් ඇත. ඔහු යුරෝපයට යාමට පෙර ඇමරිකාවේදී බාර්කර් හමුවී වැඩ කර ඇත. ඇමරිකාවේ ඩග්ලස්ගේ ජීවිතයේ සමහර සිදුවීම් ඔහුගේ ජීවිතය පිළිබඳ භීතියට හේතු වූ අතර ඩග්ලස් මහත්මිය පැවසුවේ ඇගේ සැමියා "The Valley of Fear" යනුවෙන් යමක් සඳහන් කළ බවයි.

හෝම්ස් මැක්ඩොනල්ඩ්ගෙන් ඉල්ලා සිටින්නේ බාර්කර්ට ලිපියක් ලියන ලෙසයි, ඔහුට පවසමින් පොලිසිය ඊළඟ දිනයේ දිය අගල සෝදිසි කිරීමට අදහස් කරයි. එදින රාත්‍රියේ හෝම්ස්, වොට්සන්, මැක්ඩොනල්ඩ් සහ වයිට් මේසන් බර්ල්ස්ටෝන් මැනර් පිටත රැඳී සිටින අතර, බාර්කර් දිය අගලෙන් යමක් මසුන් කරනවා දකියි. මිනිසුන් හතර දෙනා බාර්කර් වේගයෙන් ගොස් දිය අගලෙන් බයිසිකලයට සම්බන්ධ අතුරුදහන් වූ ඇමරිකානුවාගේ ඇඳුම් ඇති බව සොයා ගනී. බාර්කර් තත්වය පැහැදිලි කිරීම ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කරයි. ඒ මොහොතේ, ඩග්ලස් ජීවමානව හා හොඳින් පෙනී සිටියි. ඔහු වොට්සන්ට "The Valley of Fear" නමින් ලිඛිත වාර්තාවක් ලබා දෙයි, ඔහු තම ජීවිතය ගැන බිය වූයේ මන්දැයි පැහැදිලි කරයි.

The Valley of Fear


An Trachyandra ensifolia in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Sölch, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Helmut Roessler. An Trachyandra ensifolia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Trachyandra, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Namibia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Trachyandra

Trachyandra ensifolia


Woodianthus, biljni rod iz porodice Malvaceae. Opisan je 2012. godine otkrićem nove vrste Woodianthus sotoi iz bolivijskog departmana Santa Cruz,. Klasificiran je tribusu Hibisceae.

Izvori

Hibisceae

Woodianthus


La Guerra de Ferrara (también conocida como Guerra de la Sal, en italiano: Guerra del Sale) fue un conflicto que desde 1482 hasta 1484 enfrentó a Ercole I d'Este, duque de Ferrara, contra su enemigo el papa Sixto IV y la República de Venecia, aliada del papa.  El conflicto finalizó con la paz de Bagnolo, firmada el 7 de agosto de 1484.

Antecedentes
Las gestiones diplomáticas dirigidas personalmente entre Lorenzo de Médici y el tradicional defensor del papa, Fernando I de Nápoles, trajeron inesperadamente la paz en 1480, provocando el descontento por igual en venecianos y el papa Sixto IV. La República de Venecia había zanjado sus conflictos contra el Imperio Otomano con la firma del Tratado de Constantinopla en 1479, y se encontraba libre para volver su atención hacia la península Italiana.

A comienzos de 1482 Venecia declaró la guerra a Ferrara instigada por los representantes de Girolamo Riario (sobrino de Sixto IV), quien había tomado posesión de la estratégica fortaleza de Forlì en septiembre de 1480, con una rápida autorización papal, y ahora miraba más allá de Ferrara, hacia los territorios de la familia Manfredi.  Ferrara estaba gobernada por Ercole I d'Este, quien estaba casado con Eleonora, hija de Fernando I de Nápoles.  Girolamo Riario se disponía a tomar Faenza, mientras que Venecia ganaría Reggio y Módena.  Venecia estaba en fase expansionista por la terra firma en la península italiana y no olvidaban que Ferrara y Nápoles se habían aliado recientemente con Florencia y Milán contra ellos, así que los venecianos aceptaron de buen grado la sugerencia de Girolamo. Además de las habituales fricciones, de carácter menor, por la posesión de fortalezas en la frontera, detonante del conflicto fue el comercio de sal, que era monopolio de Venecia por contratos comerciales.  Sin embargo, la familia Este había comenzado a controlar las salinas de Comacchio, lo que era una importante amenaza para los intereses de la Serenísima.  Ante esta infracción menor de las prerrogativas comerciales, Venecia situó en Ferrara a un funcionario de alto cargo, un visdomino, a cuyo cuidado estaban encomendadas las comunidades venecianas en las tierras de d'Este.  En 1481, el visdomino sobrepasó las atribuciones de su cargo arrestando a un sacerdote por sus deudas.  Inmediatamente, el visdomino fue excomulgado por el vicario del obispo de Ferrara y expulsado de la ciudad.  Esta fue la excusa para declarar la guerra.

Aliados con Venecia, junto con las tropas papales y de Riario como señor de Ímola y Forlì, estaban los contingentes suministrados por la República de Génova y por Guillermo VIII de Montferrato.  Pier Maria II de' Rossi, conde de San Secondo, también contribuía con sus tropas.

Del lado de Ferrara había tropas del mando de Federico da Montefeltro, duque de Urbino, y tropas del suegro de Ercole, Fernando de Nápoles, bajo el mando de su hijo Alfonso de Calabria, quien invadió los Estados Papales desde el sur. También contaban con las tropas enviadas por Ludovico el Moro de Milán, de Florencia y de los señores de otras dos ciudades amenazadas por el creciente poder de Venecia: Federico I Gonzaga de Mantua y Giovanni II Bentivoglio de Bolonia.

Transcurso de la guerra
El condottiero Roberto Sanseverino, quien hasta hacía muy poco tiempo luchaba contra Ludovico el Moro, se puso al mando de las tropas venecianas y atacó el territorio de Ferrara desde el norte.  Rápidamente saqueó Adria e invadió Comacchio, atacando Argenta en el borde de las mariscas, y asediando Ficarolo en mayo (que capituló el 29 de junio) y Rovigo (que capituló el 17 de agosto).

Las tropas Venecianas cruzaron el río Po y en noviembre de 1482 se presentaron frente a las murallas de Ferrara, a la que impusieron un férreo asedio.  Mientras las fuerzas papales mantenían en jaque a los napolitanos, que buscaban pasar al norte para ayudar a Ferrara, la campiña romana estaba siendo acosada por los Colonna.  Por el norte, Milán se encontraba enfrascada en su lucha contra Génova.  Así que los venecianos se veían libres para sitiar Ferrara, obligando a la ciudad a la inanición.  Si caía Ferrara los venecianos lograrían una posición hegemónica el norte de Italia que incomodaba al Papa, que cambió de parecer respecto a la República que hasta ese momento había sido su aliada y la conminó a que acabase con las hostilidades.

En los Estados Papales, los Colonna se aprovecharon del caos reinante y libraron batallas campales contra sus enemigos Della Rovere. El combate principal, sin embargo, fue la batalla de Campomorto cerca de Velletri, el 21 de agosto de 1482, en la que las tropas aragonesas fueron derrotadas por Roberto Malatesta, duque de Calabria, que fue socorrido por un contingente de sus soldados turcos. Algunos castillos de los Orsini cayeron en manos del papa, pero Roberto Malatesta acabó sus días por causa de la malaria, muriendo en Roma el 10 de septiembre tras haber estado largo tiempo capitaneando los triunfos papales en Lazio.  Repentinamente Sixto cambió de bando firmando un tratado con Nápoles (28 de noviembre de 1482) que permitía al ejército napolitano pasar a través de los territorios papales, aprovechándose la oportunidad para llevar suministros a Ferrara y neutralizar el sitio.  Al mismo tiempo, el papa excomulgó a los venecianos, instando a toda Italia a hacer guerra contra ellos.  El tratado fue ratificado con una paz exclusivamente entre Nápoles y el papa firmada el 12 de diciembre.

Los ruegos del papa para que Venecia terminase la campaña fueron rechazados de plano,  Las amenazas de excomunión fueron replicadas con la retirada del embajador veneciano de la Santa Sede, a lo que el papa respondió con un interdictum contra Venecia en mayo de 1493. Ahora Sixto IV garantizaba el libre paso de Alfonso y sus tropas para acudir en defensa de Ferrara, apoyados con tropas papales bajo el mando de Virginio Orsini.  Al mismo tiempo llegaba otro contingente de tropas de Florencia.  La suerte en el conflicto cambiaba a favor de Ercole d'Este.

En una táctica de distracción, Venecia envió a Roberto Sanseverino a atacar el Ducado de Milán bajo el pretexto de defender los derechos del heredero de la familia Visconti.  Pero la maniobra de distracción se convirtió en necesidad real cuando Roberto tuvo que enfrentarse a Alfonso, que saquendo los territorios milaneses.  A partir de este momento la guerra comenzó a perder intensidad.

El tratado de Bagnolo
El conflicto finalizó con el Tratado de Bagnolo, firmado el 7 de agosto de 1484.  Venecia retiró las tropas que ocupaban Ferrara y Ercole cedió el territorio de Rovigo, en la Polesine, que había sido conquistado por los venecianos en las primeras fases de la guerra.  Ercole consiguió evitar que los Estados Papales absorbiesen Ferrara, sede de los d'Este.

La Paz de Bagnolo confirmó la expansión de Venecia en terra firma, adquiriendo la ciudad de Rovigo y una amplia franja del fértil del delta del Po.  Bagnolo supuso la mayor extensión de la República de Venecia, que nunca volvió a tener control sobre un territorio tan extenso ni volvió a tener tanta influencia como la alcanzada en la segunda mitad del .

Sin embargo, a Sixto IV le disgustó mucho que no hubiese sido consultado para negociar los términos de la Paz:
"La noticia literalmente mató a Sixto.  Cuando los embajadores le comunicaron los términos del tratado explotó en un violento ataque de ira, y declaró que la Paz era vergonzosa y humillante.  La gota que sufría le subió hasta el corazón, y al día siguiente— 12 agosto 1484— falleció."

La guerra fue el tema de un poema anónimo titulado La guerra di Ferrara

Véase también
 Guerras italianas (1494-1559)
 Lista de tratados internacionales

Referencias

Bibliografía
 La guerra de Ferrara (1482-1484) (en inglés)
 La guerra de Ferrara (en italiano).

Enlaces externos

Ferrara
Ferrara
Ferrara
Ferrara
1484
Italia en el siglo XV
Ferrara
Estados Pontificios en el siglo XV
República de Venecia en el siglo XV
Siglo XV en la República de Génova
Siglo XV en el Reino de Nápoles
Ducado de Ferrara

Guerra de Ferrara


Kentaro Suzuki (født 2. juni 1980) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Montedio Yamagata og Albirex Niigata.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kentaro Suzuki


حرب أطاليا فيلم أكشن مصري، من بطولة أحمد السقا، ونيللي كريم. عرض في صيف العام 2005.

قصة الفيلم
تدور أحداث الفيلم حول محام شاب يدعى «ياسين»، يعمل في مكتب محاماة، ويكتشف بعض العمليات المريبة التي تحدث داخل المكتب، فيوقف عن ممارسة العمل، ويحاول أن يعرف ماذا يحدث، كما يحاول أن يحصل على حقوقه الضائعة من صاحب المكتب ومن أصدقائه من رجال الأعمال، فيخطتفوا حبيبته ويسافروا بها إلى إيطاليا لتبدأ عملية مساومة بينه وبينهم، وهناك في إيطاليا يستعين بصديقه «فؤاد» وفتاة لبنانية لمساعدته وفي النهاية تحدث مفأجاة.

الشخصيات

 أحمد السقا: ياسين محام شاب، يفقد وظيفته في أحد مكاتب المحاماة بعد أن كشف علاقة المحامي صاحب المكتب وبعض موكليه من رجال الأعمال في بعض الأعمال الخارجة عن القانون، ويحاول مقاومة الفساد فيقع في العديد من المشكلات.
 نيللي كريم: هنا خطيبة «ياسين»، التي يتم اختطافها لتهديد «ياسين».
 خالد أبو النجا: فؤاد صديق «ياسين»، يعيش في إيطاليا ويستعين به «ياسين» لمساعدته.
 رزان مغربي: مونيكا، فتاة لبنانية تقيم في إيطاليا وتعشق التصوير وتعيش على النصب على بعض الشخصيات، لكنها تساعد «ياسين».
 خالد صالح: بكر الرويعي رجل أعمال فاسد، يكشف «ياسين» بعض أعماله الفاسدة فيخطف حبيبته ليساومه.
 مجدي كامل: نادر صديق ياسين يعيش في إيطاليا
 سهام جلال: سوزى حبيبة بكر
 سليمان عيد: صاحب معرض السيارات
 سناء يونس: والده نادر
 جمال إسماعيل: والد ياسين
 هبة كامل: نادية صديقة ياسين
 عادل هاشم: كمال محامى بكر
 فيفي السباعي: والدة ياسين
 كوسيمو فوسكو: فرانكو الايطالى الذي يحاول سرقة العقد

روابط خارجية

مصادر

 صفحة الفيلم في قاعدة بيانات الأفلام العربية
 صفحة الفيلم في إيجي فيلم

أفلام أحمد السقا
أفلام باللغة الإيطالية
أفلام تقع أحداثها في روما
أفلام حركة مصرية
أفلام خالد صالح
أفلام عن الاختطاف
أفلام نيللي كريم
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 2005
أفلام جمال إسماعيل

حرب أطاليا (فيلم)


Martina Feldmayer (* 30. Dezember 1964 in Frankfurt am Main) ist eine deutsche Politikerin bei Bündnis 90/Die Grünen und Mitglied des Hessischen Landtags. Sie ist stellvertretende Fraktionsvorsitzende der GRÜNEN-Fraktion im Hessischen Landtag. Außerdem ist sie Fraktionssprecherin für Klimapolitik und Umweltschutz.

Leben und Beruf
Nach dem Abitur 1984 an der Gymnasialen Oberstufenschule Bockenheim-Süd in Frankfurt am Main studierte Feldmayer Slawistik sowie Theater-, Film und Fernsehwissenschaften an der J.W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt. Ihr Studium schloss sie als Magistra Artium ab. Sie arbeitete unter anderem als Russisch-Deutsch-Übersetzerin, als Beraterin für die Vermittlung russischer Künstler nach Deutschland und zuletzt bei einer Fluggesellschaft. Feldmayer ist Mutter eines Sohnes.

Partei
1998 trat Martina Feldmayer den Grünen bei. Von 2006 bis 2012 war sie als Stadtverordnete in Frankfurt am Main in den Ausschüssen Umwelt, Sport, Recht, Sicherheit, Personal und Organisation tätig. Außerdem gehörte sie von 2001 bis 2012 dem Ortsbeirat 6 in Frankfurt am Main an. Sie vertrat damit die Stadtteile Goldstein, Griesheim, Höchst, Nied, Schwanheim, Sindlingen, Sossenheim, Unterliederbach und Zeilsheim. Von 2009 bis 2015 war sie Vorstandssprecherin der Frankfurter Grünen.

Abgeordnete
Bei den Landtagswahlen 2003, 2008 und 2009 trat Feldmayer im Landtagswahlkreis 34 als Direktkandidatin an. 2009 kandidierte sie auch bei der Bundestagswahl als Direktkandidatin im Bundestagswahlkreis Frankfurt am Main I. Im Februar 2012 rückte sie für Margaretha Hölldobler-Heumüller in den Hessischen Landtag nach. Regional ist Martina Feldmayer zuständig für Frankfurt am Main, den Odenwaldkreis und den Wetteraukreis.

Bei der Landtagswahl in Hessen 2013 trat sie im Wahlkreis Frankfurt am Main I an. Hier unterlag sie gegen Uwe Serke. Ihr gelang jedoch der Wiedereinzug in den Landtag über einen Listenplatz der Partei.

Bei der Kommunalwahl 2021 trat Feldmayer in Frankfurt als Spitzenkandidatin ihrer Partei an. Sie führte die Grünen mit 24,6 % als stärkste Kraft in die Frankfurter Stadtverordnetenversammlung an. Ihr errungenes Mandant gab sie nach sechs Monaten zurück, da ihr der "Spagat" zwischen Landtag und Frankfurter Stadtverordnetenversammlung auf Dauer zu groß erschien.

Martina Feldmayer übernahm in Kooperation mit der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Menschenrechte politische Patenschaften für die iranische Biologin Niloufar Bayani und die Schriftstellerin Golrokh Ebrahimi Iraee.

Weblinks

 Website von Martina Feldmayer
 Vorstellung auf gruene-fraktion-hessen.de

Einzelnachweise

Landtagsabgeordneter (Hessen)
Bündnis-90/Die-Grünen-Mitglied
Politiker (Frankfurt am Main)
Deutscher
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Geboren 1964
Frau

Martina Feldmayer