The sarod is a stringed instrument, used in Hindustani music on the Indian subcontinent. Along with the sitar, it is among the most popular and prominent instruments. It is known for a deep, weighty, introspective sound, in contrast with the sweet, overtone-rich texture of the sitar, with sympathetic strings that give it a resonant, reverberant quality. A fretless instrument, it can produce the continuous slides between notes known as meend (glissandi), which are important in Indian music.

Origins

The word sarod was introduced from Persian during the late Mughal Empire and is much older than the Indian musical instrument. It can be traced back to sorūd meaning "song", "melody", "hymn" and further to the Persian verb sorūdan, which correspondingly means "to sing", "to play a musical instrument", but also means "to compose".

Alternatively, the shahrud may have given its name to the sarod. The Persian word šāh-rūd is made up of šāh (shah or king) and rūd (string).

Many scholars of Indian classical music believe that the sarod is a combination of the ancient chitravina, the medieval Indian rabab (aka the seniya rabab) and modern sursingar. Some scholars contend that a similar instrument may have existed about two thousand years ago in ancient India during the ages of the Gupta kings. In fact, a Gupta period coin depicts the great king Samudragupta playing a veena, which many believe to be the precursor of the sarod. The present Indian Traces of similar Rabab style instruments can also be found in southern India, especially in the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka, where it is known as the swarbat. The folk rabab, an instrument popular in north India, had a wooden fingerboard, its strings were made of silk, cotton or gut, and it was played with a wooden pick. In history, reference is also made to a Sharadiya Veena from which the name Sarod have been derived. The sarod is also believed to have descended from the Afghan rubab, a similar instrument originating in Central Asia and Afghanistan.

Although the sarod has been referred to as a "bass rubab" its tonal bandwidth is actually considerably greater than that of the rubab, especially in the middle and high registers. Lalmani Misra opines in his Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya that the sarod is a combination of the ancient chitravina, the medieval rubab and modern sursingar. Another instrument, the sur-rabab, is known to exist, which has the characteristics of both the dhrupad rabab/seniya rabab and the sarod. The sur-rabab has the structure of the dhrupad rabab but has a metal fretboard and uses metal strings.

Among the many conflicting and contested histories of the sarod, there is one that attributes its invention to the ancestors of the present-day sarod maestro, Amjad Ali Khan. Amjad Ali Khan's ancestor Mohammad Hashmi Khan Bangash, a musician and horse trader, came to India with the Afghan rubab in the mid-18th century, and became a court musician to the Maharajah of Rewa (now in Madhya Pradesh). It was his descendants, notably his grandson Ghulam Ali Khan Bangash, a court musician in Gwalior, who changed the rubab into the sarod we know today. A parallel theory credits descendants of Madar Khan, Niyamatullah Khan in particular, with the same innovation around 1820. The sarod in its present form dates back to approximately 1820, when it started gaining recognition as a serious instrument in Rewa, Shahjahanpur, Gwalior and Lucknow. In the 20th century, the sarod was improved significantly by  Allauddin Khan and his brother Ayet Ali Khan. They increased the number of chikari (drone) strings and increased the number of tarafdar (sympathetic) strings. However, as is the case with most young, evolving instruments, much work remains to be done in the area of sarod luthiery in order to achieve reliable customization, and precise replication of successful instruments. This reflects the general state of Indian instrument-making in the present day.

Design

The design of the instrument depends on the school (gharana) of playing. There are three distinguishable types:

The conventional sarod is a 17 to 25-stringed lute-like instrument—four to five main strings used for playing the melody, one or two drone strings, two chikari strings and nine to eleven sympathetic strings. The design of this early model is generally credited to Niyamatullah Khan of the Lucknow Gharana as well as Ghulam Ali Khan of the Gwalior-Bangash Gharana. Among the contemporary sarod players, this basic design is kept intact by two streams of sarod playing. Amjad Ali Khan and his disciples play this model, as do the followers of Radhika Mohan Maitra. Both Amjad Ali Khan and Buddhadev Dasgupta have introduced minor changes to their respective instruments which have become the design templates for their followers. Both musicians use sarods made of teak wood, and a soundboard made of goat skin stretched across the face of the resonator. Buddhadev Dasgupta prefers a polished stainless steel fingerboard for the ease of maintenance while Amjad Ali Khan uses the conventional chrome or nickel-plated cast steel fingerboard. Visually, the two variants are similar, with six pegs in the main pegbox, two rounded chikari pegs and 11 (Amjad) to 15 (Buddhadev) sympathetic strings. The descendants of Niyamatullah Khan (namely Irfan Khan and Ghulfam Khan) also play similar instruments. Some of the followers of Radhika Mohan Maitra still carry the second resonator on their sarods. Amjad Ali Khan and his followers have rejected the resonator altogether. These instruments are typically tuned to B, which is the traditional setting.

Another type is that designed by Allauddin Khan and his brother Ayet Ali Khan. This instrument, referred to by David Trasoff as the 1934 Maihar Prototype, is larger and longer than the conventional instrument, though the fingerboard is identical to the traditional sarod. This instrument has 25 strings in all. These include four main strings, four jod strings (tuned to Ni or Dha, R/r, G/g and Sa respectively), two chikari strings (tuned to Sa of the upper octave) and fifteen tarab strings. The main strings are tuned to Ma ("fa"), Sa ("do"), lower Pa ("so") and lower Sa, giving the instrument a range of three octaves. The Maihar sarod lends itself extremely well to the presentation of alap with the four jod strings providing a backdrop for the ambiance of the raga. This variant is, however, not conducive to the performance of clean right-hand picking on individual strings. The instrument is typically tuned to C.

Sarod strings are either made of steel or phosphor bronze. Most contemporary sarod players use German or American-made strings, such as Roslau (Germany), Pyramid (Germany) and Precision (USA). The strings are plucked with a triangular plectrum (java) made of polished coconut shell, ebony, cocobolo wood, horn, cowbone, Delrin or other such materials. Early sarod players used plain wire plectrums, which yielded a soft, ringing tone.

Playing technique
The lack of frets and the tension of the strings make the sarod a very demanding instrument to play, as the strings must be pressed hard against the fingerboard.

There are two approaches to stopping the strings of the sarod. One involves using the tip of one's fingernails to stop the strings, and the other uses a combination of the nail and the fingertip to stop the strings against the fingerboard.

Fingering techniques and how they are taught depends largely on the personal preferences of musicians rather than on the basis of school affiliation. Radhika Mohan Maitra, for example, used the index, middle and ring finger of his left hand to stop the string, just like followers of Allauddin Khan do. Maitra, however, made much more extensive use of the third fingernail for slides and hammers. Amjad Ali Khan, while a member of approximately the same stylistic school as Radhika Mohan, prefers to use just the index and middle fingers of his left hand. Amjad Ali is, however, pictured circa 1960 playing with all three fingers.

Notable sarodiyas

Deceased
 Mohammad Amir Khan (1873–1934), Court Musician of Darbhanga and Rajshahi

 Allauddin Khan (1862(1882?)–1972)
 Hafiz Ali Khan (1888–1972)
 Ali Akbar Khan (1922–2009)
 Jotin Bhattacharya (1926-2016)
 Bahadur Khan (1931–1989)
 Buddhadev Das Gupta (1933–2018)
 Dhyanesh Khan (1942-1990)
 Kalyan Mukherjea (1943–2010)
 Sakhawat Hussain (1877–1955)
 Sharan Rani Backliwal (1929–2008)
 Radhika Mohan Maitra (1917–1981)
 Vasant Rai (1942–1985)
 Shahadat Hossain Khan (1958–2020)

Living
 Rajeev Taranath (b. 1932)
 Aashish Khan (b. 1939)
 Avi Kishna (b. 1978)
 Amjad Ali Khan (b. 1945)
 Brij Narayan (b. 1952)
 Narendra Nath Dhar (b. 1954)
 Biswajit Roy Chowdhury (b. 1956)
 Vikash Maharaj (b.1957).
 Tejendra Majumdar (b. 1961)
 Aditya Verma (b. 1968)
 Amaan Ali Khan (b. 1977)
 Ayaan Ali Khan (b. 1979)
 Abhisek Lahiri (b. 1983)
 Abanindra Maitra (b.1953)
 Wajahat Khan
 Arnab Chakrabarty
 Soumik Datta
 Prithwidev Bhattacharyya
 Abhishek Borkar
 Debanjan Bhattacharjee
 Debasmita Bhattacharya
 Vishal Maharaj (b. 1986)
 Rajeeb Chakraborty
 Prattyush Banerjee
 Aayush Mohan (b. 1995)
 Rupa Neupane (A. Nepal) First Nepali Female Sarod Player
 Apratim Majumdar
 Praashekh Borkar

See also
 Hindustani classical music
 Music of India
 Plucked string instrument
 String instruments

References

Further reading

Drumhead lutes
Hindustani musical instruments
Necked bowl lutes

String instruments with sympathetic strings

Sarod


Carballido puede referirse a:
 Carballido (Ames), aldea española de la parroquia de Ortoño, del municipio de Ames, provincia de La Coruña, Galicia.
 Carballido (Arzúa), aldea española de la parroquia de Dodro, del municipio de Arzúa, provincia de La Coruña, Galicia.
 Carballido (Boimorto), lugar español de la parroquia de Brates, del municipio de Boimorto, provincia de La Coruña, Galicia.
 Carballido (Fonsagrada), parroquia española del municipio de Fonsagrada, provincia de Lugo, Galicia.
 Carballido (Lugo), parroquia española del municipio de Lugo, provincia de Lugo, Galicia.
 Carballido (Villalba), parroquia española del municipio de Villalba, provincia de Lugo, Galicia.

Carballido


هرم بن حيان هو تابعي كان عاملاً لعمر بن الخطاب أحد العابدين.

أسمه
العبدي، ويقال الأزدي البصري.

حیاته
حدَّث عن عمر بن الخطاب وروى عنه الحسن البصري وغيره. وليَ بعض الحروب في أيام عمر وعثمان ببلاد فارس، وقال ابن سعد كان عاملا لعمر وكان ثقة له فضل وعبادة. قدم هرم دمشق في طلب أويس القرني. قال ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ: هو من صغار الصحابة.

أخباره
 قيل كان هرم يخرج في بعض الليل وينادي بأعلى صوته: .
 وعن حميد بن هلال قيل لهرم بن حيان العبدي أوص قال قد صدقتني، نفسي ومالي ما أوصى به، ولكن أوصيكم بخواتيم سورة النحل.
 وعن مالك بن دينار قال:
 وعنه أنه قال: «إياكم والعالم الفاسق»، فبلغ عمر فكتب إليه وأشفق منها: «ما العالم الفاسق؟» فكتب: «ما أردت إلا الخير ويكون إمام يتكلم بالعلم ويعمل بالفسق ويشبه على الناس فيضلوا».
 وعن الوليد بن هشام القحذمي عن أبيه عن جده أن عثمان بن أبي العاص وجه هرم بن حيان إلى قلعة فافتتحها عنوة.
 وقال قتادة كان هرم بن حيان: «يقول ما أقبل عبد بقلبه إلى الله إلا أقبل الله بقلوب المؤمنين إليه حتى يرزقه ودهم.»

وفاته
قال الحسن : مات هرم بن حيان في يوم صائف شديد الحر . فلما نفضوا أيديهم عن قبره جاءت سحابة تسير حتى قامت على قبره فلم تكن أطول منه ولا أقصر ، فرشته حتى روته ثم انصرفت .
وعن قتادة : أمطر قبر هرم بن حيان من يومه ، وأنبت العشب من يومه

المراجع

تابعون
صحابة

هرم بن حيان


L'équipe du Soudan de football participe à la Coupe d'Afrique des nations 2021 organisée au Cameroun du  au . Il s'agit de la neuvième participation des Crocodiles du Nil, emmenés par Burhan Tiya. ls sont éliminés au premier tour après un match nul, face à la Guinée-Bissau (0-0), et deux défaites, contre le Nigeria (1-3) et l'Égypte (0-1).

Qualifications

Le Soudan est placé dans le groupe C des qualifications qui se déroulent de novembre 2019 à mars 2021. Ces éliminatoires sont perturbés par l'épidémie de covid-19. Le Soudan se qualifie en battant l'Afrique du Sud lors de la dernière journée.

Statistiques

Matchs joués

Buteurs

Préparation

Compétition

Tirage au sort
Le tirage au sort de la CAN 2021 est effectué le 17 août 2021 à Yaoundé. Le Soudan,  nation au classement FIFA, est placé dans le chapeau 4. Le tirage le place dans le groupe D, avec le Nigeria (chapeau 1,  au classement FIFA), l'Égypte (chapeau 2, ) et la Guinée-Bissau (chapeau 3, ).

Effectif

Premier tour

Statistiques

Buteurs
Walieldin Khedr a inscrit le seul but du Soudan dans cette phase finale, sur un penalty face au Nigeria.

Notes et références

Soudan

Équipe du Soudan de football à la Coupe d'Afrique des nations 2021


Chasselas or Chasselas blanc is a wine grape variety grown mainly in Switzerland, France, Germany, Portugal, Hungary, Romania, New Zealand, Croatia and Chile. Chasselas is mostly vinified to be a full, dry and fruity white wine. It is also suitable as a table grape, grown widely for this purpose in Turkey and Hungary.

History

Genetic analyses made in  2009 in a laboratory of the University of Dieppe showed that Chasselas is a grape variety originating in western Switzerland. Its name was first mentioned in the 16th century.

In 1940, Chasselas was crossed with Silvaner to produce the white grape variety Nobling.

Wine regions
Chasselas is widely grown in Switzerland, where it has several regional synonym names, the main one being Fendant in the canton of Valais. It is considered an ideal pairing for raclette or fondue. Chasselas is also known as Perlan in the Mandement district of Geneva. In 2009, it was Switzerland's second-most planted grape variety at .

In Germany, with , it is almost exclusively grown in the wine region of Baden under the name Gutedel.

In France it is mostly grown in the Loire region, where it is blended with Sauvignon blanc to produce a wine called "Pouilly-sur-Loire". Californian and Australian growers know this variety under the names Chasselas Doré and Golden Chasselas.

Michel Chapoutier has stated that he is looking for land for a vineyard in England, which would be planted with Chasselas. He said that he believed Chasselas would suit the English climate and terroir very well.

See also

 Chasselas de Thomery
 Viticulture

References

White wine grape varieties
Table grape varieties

Chasselas


Isamu Matsuura (født 12. august 1991) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Shonan Bellmare.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Isamu Matsuura


Opisivanje ili deskripcija navođenje je svojstava, osobina, odlika i značajki nekoga prostora, živoga bića ili objekta. U pitanju je jedan od četiriju tipova izlaganja, među kojima su i ekspozicija, argumentacija i naracija. U praksi bi bilo teško oblikovati književni tekst utemeljen samo na jednom od tih četiriju tipova.

Kao figura u pisanju fikcije
U fikciji se također pojavljuju tipovi izlaganja: akcija, ekspozicija, deskripcija, dijalog, sažetak i tranzicija. Autor Peter Selgin spominje metode, među kojima su akcija, dijalog, misli, sažetak, scene i deskripcija. Trenutačno nema konsenzusa oko broja tipova izlaganja u fikciji i njihovih svrha.

Deskripcija je figura u fikciji kojom se oblikuje mentalna slika pojedinosti u priči. Uz dijalog, naraciju, ekspoziciju i sažimanje deskripcija je jedan od najprepoznatljivijih tipova izlaganja u fikciji. U knjizi Kirka Polkinga Writing from A to Z deskripcija nije samo puko gomilanje detalja; odnosi se na oživljavanje nečega pažljivim biranjem i aranžiranjem riječi i fraza, čime se postiže željeni učinak. O najprikladnijim i najučinkovitijim tehnikama opisivanja i dalje postoji rasprava među književnicima.

Ljubičasta proza
Ljubičasta krpica naziv je kojim se opisuje odlomak teksta u kojem se književnik previše trudio dojmiti čitatelja koristeći se složenim figurama ili drugim strategijama. Frazu (latinski jezik:  "purpureus pannus") prvi je put spomenuo rimski pjesnik Horacije u svojemu djelu Ars poetica (napisano oko 20. godine prije Krista), kojom je opisao nerelevantne i pretjerano okićene dijelove teksta; u suvremenom korištenju toga pojma obično se ne misli na nerelevantnost, premda su takvi dijelovi teksta uglavnom upadljivi. K tome, ljubičasta proza označava pretjeranost u figurativnosti, ritmu ili ostalim aspektima.

Filozofija
U filozofiji je priroda deskripcije važna tematika još od tekstova Bertranda Russella.

Vidi i

 Antropomorfizam
 Atribut
 Imenice
 Kliše
 Metafora
 Personifikacija
 Poredba

Izvori

Bibliografija

 Rozakis, Laurie (2003). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Grammar and Style, 2nd Edition. Alpha.

Gramatika
Retorika

Opisivanje


Glukoneogenez, kelime anlamı olarak glukozun yeniden yapımı anlamına gelir ki zaten bu reaksiyon glukozun yıkım reaksiyonu olan glikolizden sonra hücrenin glukoz ihtiyacına göre gerçekleşir. Glikolizin tersi gibi gözükse de gerçekte öyle değildir. Yolaktaki farklı hormon ve enzimler bu farkı oluşturur.
Glikolizdeki reaksiyonlardan üç tanesi irreversible yani geri dönüşümsüzdür. Bu üç reaksiyon ise şunlardır:

 Glukoz → Glukoz 6-fosfat (Glukokinaz ve Hekzokinaz enzimleri katalizler.)
 Fruktoz 6-fosfat → Fruktoz 1,6 Bifosfat (Fosfofruktokinaz )
 Fosfoenolpiruvat (PEP) → Piruvat (Piruvat Kinaz )

Glukoneogenezde bu reaksiyonları tersine döndürmek için farklı enzimler vardır. Bu enzimler şunlardır:

 Glukoz 6-fosfat → Glukoz (Glukoz 6 fosfataz )
 Fruktoz 1,6 fosfat → Fruktoz 6-fosfat (Fruktoz 1,6 bifosfataz )
 Piruvat → Okzaloasetat (Piruvat karboksilaz ) bu reaksiyon bir basamak daha devam eder: Okzaloasetat → Fosfoenolpiruvat (PEP Karboksikinaz )

Glukoneogenez hormonların kontrolleri altındadır. Bu hormonların en önemlileri ise Glukagon, İnsülin ve Epinefrindir. Glukagon ve epinefrin kan glukozunu arttırabilmek amacıyla glukoneogenezi aktive ederken insülin ise tam tersine etki göstererek glikolizi artırırken glukeneogenezi azaltır.

Dış bağlantılar
The chemical logic behind gluconeogenesis

Biyokimya

Glukoneogenez


An Dimeria veldkampii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Kiran Raj ngan M. Sivadasan. An Dimeria veldkampii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dimeria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dimeria

Dimeria veldkampii


Oberon Pascal dilinin mucidi Niklaus Wirth ve Martin Gutknecht tarafından, 1985-1988 yılları arasında, Zürih'te Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule'de (ETH) geliştirilmiştir.

Nesneye yönelik yapıda bir dildir. Aynı zamanda yordamsal ve blok-yapısal bir dildir. Bilgisayar bilimi eğitiminde kullanılmak amacıyla geliştirilmesine rağmen uygulama geliştirme amacı ile de kullanılabilecek genel maksatlı dil niteliğindedir.

Oberon'un yazımı Pascal diline benzemektedir fakat semantiği Pascal'dan çok daha zengindir. Pascal gibi her değişkenin kullanılmadan önce bildirilmesi zorunluluğunu getirmektedir. İşleçlerin üst üste bindirilmesi, çoklu kalıt alma gibi özellikleri desteklememektedir. Soyut arayüzler ve yansıtma dilin diğer özellikleridir.

Bakınız
 Oberon yazılım ortamı

Dış bağlantılar
 ETH Oberon

Nesne tabanlı programlama dilleri
Sistem programlama dilleri
Yordamsal programlama dilleri
ETH Zürih
1986 yazılımları

Oberon (programlama dili)


"Vukovi umiru sami" je pjesma kojom su Boris Novković i ansanbl Lado predstavljali Hrvatsku na Euroviziji 2005. u kijevskoj Palači sporta. Pjesmu je skladao Franjo Valentić dok je tekst napisao sam Novković.

Skladba je najprije nastupila u polufinalu gdje se s četvrtim mjestom automatski plasirala u samu završnicu Eurosonga. Ondje je pak ostvareno jedanaesto mjesto sa 115 bodova. Najviše bodova dobiveno je od susjednih zemalja, odnosno Slovenije, BiH te SiCG.

Novković i Valentić nastupili su i sljedeće godine na Eurosongu kao hrvatski predstavnici, ovaj puta kao skladatelji Moje štikle.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Službeni nastup u finalu ESC 2005.

Eurovizijske pjesme
Hrvatske skladbe

Vukovi umiru sami


Kamouraska es una película de 1973 dirigida por Claude Jutra, basada en la novela de Anne Hébert, que también escribió el guion.

Elenco
Geneviève Bujold  como Élisabeth d'Aulnières.
Richard Jordan  como Georges Nelson.
Philippe Léotard como Antoine Tassy.
Marcel Cuvelier como Jérôme Rolland.
Huguette Oligny  como madre de Élisabeth.
Camille Bernard como madre de Antoine.
Janine Sutto  como Tante.
Olivette Thibault  como Tante.
Marie Fresnières  como Tante.
Suzie Baillargeon como Aurélie.
Colette Cortois  como Florida.
Gigi Duckett  como Anne-Marie.
Marcel Marineau como Greffier.
Len Watt  como el gobernador.

Producción y lanzamiento

Costó cerca de $1 millón, haciéndola la película más cara hasta la fecha. Fue un éxito modesto en Canadá y no fue un lanzamiento mayor en Francia y Estados Unidos.

Referencias

Películas dramáticas
Películas rodadas en Quebec
Kamouraska

Kamouraska (película)


Croatia je bila hrvatski povremenik iz Londona. Izlazila je na engleskom jeziku. Format je bio 26 cm. Prvi je broj izašao 1951. godine.

Poznati suradnici

Andrija Ilić

Izvori
 Katalog NSK

Hrvatsko iseljeništvo
Britanski tiskani mediji

Croatia (povremenik, London)


Ellen Weston (* 19. April 1939 in New York City, New York als Ellen Weinstein) ist eine US-amerikanische Schauspielerin und Drehbuchautorin.

Leben
Weston begann ihre Karriere 1960 am Broadway, wo sie bis 1964 in verschiedenen Produktionen auftrat. Von 1963 bis 1964 spielte sie in der Seifenoper Springfield Story die Rolle der Robin Fletcher. Neben Gastrollen in verschiedenen Fernsehserien wie Bonanza, Mannix und Verliebt in eine Hexe hatte sie wiederkehrende Rollen in Mini-Max als Dr. Steel sowie in Die knallharten Fünf als Betty Harrelson.

Ab Ende der 1980er Jahre begann sie als Drehbuchautorin zu arbeiten und beendete ihre Schauspielkarriere. Sie schrieb die Drehbücher zu einer Reihe von Fernsehfilmen, darunter And the Beat Goes On: The Sonny and Cher Story, sowie zu mehreren Episoden von Springfield Story, wofür sie 2005 für einen Daytime Emmy Award nominiert war.

Weston ist verheiratet und hat einen Sohn.

Filmografie (Auswahl)

Als Darstellerin
 1963–1964: Springfield Story (The Guiding Light)
 1967–1968: Mini-Max (Get Smart)
 1969: Bonanza
 1971: Mannix
 1972: Verliebt in eine Hexe (Bewitched)
 1974: Cannon
 1974: Barnaby Jones
 1974: Hawkins
 1975: Die knallharten Fünf (S.W.A.T.)
 1981: Schatten der Leidenschaft (The Young and the Restless)

Drehbuch
 1989: Schleichende Angst (Fear Stalk)
 1991: Küsse und Lügen (Lies Before Kisses)
 1994: Defenceless – Ausgeliefert (Sin & Redemption)
 1994: Schatten des Verfolgers (Shadow of Obsession)
 1997: Für einen Mann durch die Hölle (Sleeping with the Devil)
 1997: Medusa's Child – Atombombe an Bord der 737 (Medusa's Child)
 1998: Du wirst um Gnade betteln (Outrage)
 2003–2004: Springfield Story (The Guiding Light) 5 folgen

Broadway
 1962–1964: Mary, Mary
 1961: A Far Country
 1960–1961: Toys in the Attic

Auszeichnungen
 2005: Daytime-Emmy-Award-Nominierung für Springfield Story
 2005: WGA Award für Springfield Story

Weblinks

Filmschauspieler
Theaterschauspieler
Drehbuchautor
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1939
Frau

Ellen Weston


ලයිබීරියා නිළ වශයෙන් ලයිබීරියා සමුහාණ්ඩුව ලෙස බටහිර අප්‍රිකානු වෙරළතීරයේ පිහිටි රටකි. එය මායිම් වන්නේ සෙයිරා ලෙයෝන්, ගිනියා, කෝට් සි‍ල්වෙසෝර් සහ අත්ලාන්තික් සාගරයටය. 2008 සංඛ්‍යා ලේඛනයන්ට අනුව එරට ජනගහනය 3,476,608 වන අතර භුමි ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කි.මී. 111,369 (වර්ග සැතපුම් 43,000) ක් වේ. අගනුවර වන්නේ මොන්රෝවියාය. ලයිබීරියාහි උණුසුම් කාලගුණයක් ඇති අතර ග්‍රිෂ්ම කාලයේ වර්ෂාව හා වියළි කාලයේ තද සුළං ද ඇති වේ. ලයිබීරියානු පෙපර් වෙරළතීරය ජනාකීර්ණ ප්‍රදේශයක් වන අතර, එහි කඩොලාන වනාන්තර සහ රට අභ්‍යන්තරයේ සුළු වශයෙන් වනාන්තර ඇත. එය ක්‍රමයෙන් වියළි තණබිම් කරා විවෘත වේ. අප්‍රිකානු රාජ්‍යයන් අතරේ ලිබරියන් ඉතිහාසය විශේෂිතය. නැව්වලින් නිදහස් කරගත් වහලුන් ද මෙම රටට එවන ලදි. මෙම ජනපදයෙන් ලයිබීරියානු සමාජය තුල ප්‍රභූ සමාජයක් ගොඩනැගූ අතර 1847 දි ඔවුන් ලයිබීරියන් සමුහාණ්ඩුව සොයා ගන්නා ලදි. ඇමරිකාව තුල පැවති පාලන තන්ත්‍රයේ ආකෘතියක් ඔවුන් මොන්රෝවියා ලෙස ඇති කල අතර අගනුවර වුයේ ජේම්ස් මොන්රෝයිය. ඇමරිකානු ජනාධිපතිවරයා මෙහි ජනපද පිහිටුවීමට ආධාර කළේය. 1980 දි  හමුදා බලඇණියක් විලියම් ආර්. වෝල් බට්ගේ පාලනය යටතේ ලබා ගත් අතර එය අස්ථාවර කාලයක් බවට පත්වෙමින් සිවිල් යුද්ධයට හා රටේ ආර්ථිකයට බලවත් සේ පහරක් වැදුණි. වර්තමානයේ ලයිබීරියාව එම යුද්ධයෙන් හා කඩා වැටුණු ආර්ථිකයෙන් ගොඩනැගෙමින් පවතී. සංඛ්‍යාලේඛන සඳහන් කරන පරිදි ජනගහනයෙන් 35% දිනකට ඇ. ඩොලර් 1.25 අඩුවෙන් ආදායමක් ලබයි.

ලයිබීරියාව


Gianmarco Lucchesi, né le  à Pise (Italie), est un joueur de rugby à XV italien. Il joue au poste de talonneur. Il joue avec l'équipe d'Italie depuis 2020.

Biographie

Originaire de Pise en Toscane, Gianmarco Lucchesi commence sa formation rugbystique avec les Lions Amaranto de Livourne. Il joue ensuite pendant trois ans, de 2015 à 2018, avec le FTGI Granducato Rugby, une franchise de jeunes issue du rapprochement entre les deux grands clubs livournais : le Rugby Etruschi et les Lions Amaranto. À partir de 2018, il joue deux saisons en Serie A avec l'équipe de l'Académie FIR.

En 2020, il est sélectionné avec l'équipe d'Italie des moins de 20 ans, disputant le Six Nations junior, jouant trois matchs du tournoi.

En , il est recruté par le Benetton Trévise en Pro14 sur la base d'un double contrat, tout en étant également affilié à Mogliano lors de sa première saison.

En octobre de la même année, il est appelé en équipe nationale senior par l'entraîneur Franco Smith pour participer aux matchs reportés du Tournoi des Six Nations 2020. Il fait ses débuts internationaux le  face à l'Irlande.

En , il est sélectionné avec l'Italie dans un groupe de 46 joueurs pour préparer la Coupe du monde 2023.

Statistiques en équipe nationale
Au , Gianmarco Lucchesi compte  avec l'équipe d'Italie, dont 2 en tant que titulaire. Il débute en équipe nationale à l'âge de  le  contre l'Irlande.

Il participe à deux tournois des Six Nations en 2020 et 2021.

Références

Liens externes

Joueur international italien de rugby à XV
Talonneur (rugby à XV)
Joueur du Benetton Rugby Trévise
Naissance en septembre 2000
Naissance à Venise

Gianmarco Lucchesi


George Towne (nacido en Pensilvania) es un pintor estadounidense, conocido por sus cuadros homoeróticos.

Con veinte años se trasladó a Nueva York para estudiar en la School of Visual Arts. Comenzó a exponer en galerías de la capital y, posteriormente, se instaló definitivamente en Nueva York. Su arte se nutre tanto de referencias pop (como sus parodias de las ilustraciones de la revista MAD) como de ciertos grandes pintores del pasado (Friedrich, Caravaggio, Velázquez) y de la tradición pictórica norteamericana (Thomas Eakins). La reflexión sobre su homosexualidad le lleva a explorar, a través de sus retratos, el mundo de la belleza masculina y sus múltiples manifestaciones.

Exposiciones
En junio de 2011 tuvo una exposición individual en Nueva York, en la Galería Michael Mut, con el título The Company of Men.

Bibliografía
FUGE, Eric: «», texto sobre la exposición en la Galería Michael Mut (2001)

Notas

Enlaces externos
Página oficial de Towne

Pintores de Estados Unidos del siglo XXI
Pintores gais
Personas LGBT de Estados Unidos

George Towne


An Herminium tangianum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Shiu Ying Hu, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Kai Yung Lang. An Herminium tangianum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Herminium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Herminium

Herminium tangianum


François Fournier-Sarlovèse, auch Sarlovèze, (* 6. September 1773 in Sarlat, Dordogne; † 18. Januar 1827 in Paris) war ein französischer General des ersten Kaiserreichs.

Leben

François Louis Fournier – den Beinamen Sarlovèse nahm er erst 1819 an, zur Zeit der zweiten bourbonischen Restauration – wurde 1773 in dem kleinen Ort Sarlat in der Provinz Périgord geboren. 1792 wurde er sechzehnjährig Unterleutnant in einem Dragonerregiment; auch Leutnant und Hauptmann wurde er bei derselben Waffengattung. Als Major (chef d'escadron) bei den Jägern zu Pferde (chasseurs à cheval) kommandierte er in der Schlacht bei Fleurus (26. Juni 1794) ein Regiment und wurde nach den Feldzügen der Sambre-und-Maas-Armee 1798, im Alter von noch nicht 23 Jahren, Oberst (chef de brigade) des 12. Husarenregiments.

Im Mai 1800 gehörte Fourniers 12. Husarenregiment der für den zweiten Italienfeldzug bestimmten Reservearmee an und ging mit dem von Jean Lannes befehligten Vortrab über die Alpen. Beim Angriff auf Châtillon im Aostatal (18. Mai 1800) zeichneten sich Fournier und seine Husaren so sehr aus, dass sie die Aufmerksamkeit des Generalstabschefs Berthier und Napoleons erregten und im weiteren Verlauf des Feldzuges mehrfach lobend im Kriegsbericht erwähnt wurden.

Trotz seiner Erfolge als Kavallerieführer stand Fourniers republikanische Gesinnung, mit der er nicht hinter dem Berg hielt, in scharfem Gegensatz zum Ersten Konsul Bonaparte. Die Angst vor dem Einfluss, den der Kommandeur damit auf seine Soldaten haben könnte, war vermutlich auch der Grund, warum Napoleon Oberst Fournier schließlich unter Arrest stellen und aus Frankreich entfernen ließ, indem er ihm einen Marschbefehl in die Karibik ausstellte. Dorthin brach Ende März 1805 eine Flotte unter dem Kommando des Vizeadmirals Villeneuve auf, um die britische Flotte aus den europäischen Gewässern wegzulocken.

Nach Frankreich zurückgekehrt erhielt Fournier mit Ausbruch des Vierten Koalitionskrieges in Deutschland wieder eine Verwendung in der Grande Armée. Am 8. Februar 1807 nahm er an der Schlacht bei Preußisch Eylau teil. Nach dem Sieg über das russisch-preußische Heer bei Friedland (→ Schlacht bei Friedland, 14. Juni 1807) wurde er zum Brigadegeneral befördert und erhielt das Kreuz der Ehrenlegion.

1808 und 1809 kämpfte Fournier mit Marschalls Neys Korps in Portugal und Spanien. Im Mai 1809 gelang es ihm, die Stadt Lugo gegen eine zehnfach überlegene Übermacht zu halten, bis die Stadt durch die Truppen des Marschalls Soult entsetzt werden konnte. Diese Leistung brachte ihm den Grafentitel (comte de l'empire) und das Offizierskreuz der Ehrenlegion.

1812 nahm Fournier an Napoleons Russlandfeldzug teil. Hier zeichnete er sich besonders während des Rückzugs aus, als er zur Deckung des Übergangs der französischen Truppen über die Beresina (→Schlacht an der Beresina) mit hessischen und badischen Kavallerieregimentern mehrere brillante Kavallerieattacken führte (28. November 1812). Zum Divisionsgeneral befördert, kämpfte er im folgenden Jahr in Sachsen und nahm im Oktober 1813 an der Völkerschlacht bei Leipzig teil (16.–19. Oktober 1813).

Wegen dessen unverblümt kritischen Äußerungen gegen seine Kriegführung ließ Napoleon Fournier noch während des Rückzugs der französischen Truppen zum Rhein im November 1813 verhaften und in die Festung Mainz abführen. Als Fourniers Eskorte von einer Gruppe russischer Kosaken angegriffen wurde, nutzte Fournier die Gelegenheit zur Flucht und reiste auf eigene Faust nach Mainz, um sich dort dem Gericht zu stellen.

Seines Kommandos enthoben und unter Bewachung gestellt, verbrachte Fournier die nächsten Monate im Exil in der Heimat. Erst die Rückkehr der Bourbonen brachte ihm die Freiheit und die Rückkehr in den aktiven Militärdienst. König Ludwig XVIII. ernannte ihn 1814 zum Ritter des Ordens vom hl. Ludwig. Während der Hundert Tage verhielt Fournier sich passiv. Nach der endgültigen Niederlage Napoleons bei Waterloo kandidierte er als Abgeordneter der Deputiertenkammer für das Arrondissement Sarlat und wurde außerdem mit der Auflösung des 9. Regiments Chasseurs à Cheval beauftragt (1815). 1816 wurde er Generalinspekteur der Kavallerie im 10. und 1819 im 13. Militärdistrikt. 1818 wurde er Mitglied der Kommission zur Planung der militärischen Verteidigung Frankreichs. 1822 findet sich sein Name auf der Ruhestandsliste.

Graf Fournier-Sarlovèse starb 1827 in Paris, im Alter von 54 Jahren. Er wurde auf dem Friedhof seiner Heimatstadt Sarlat beigesetzt, wo sich sein in Form eines Obelisken gestaltetes Grabmonument noch heute befindet.

Schriften

 Considérations sur la législation militaire. – Paris : Veuve Agasse, 1815 Digitalisat der französischen Nationalbibliothek

Auszeichnungen

 Ritter der Ehrenlegion, 6. Juli 1807
 Offizier der Ehrenlegion, 30. Juni 1811
 Kommandeur der Ehrenlegion, 14. Juli 1813
 Ritter des königlichen und militärischen Ordens vom hl. Ludwig, 13. August 1814
 Großoffizier der Ehrenlegion, 29. Oktober 1826 (Urkunde vom 17. Februar 1827)

Literatur
 Marcel Dupont: Fournier-Sarlovèze le plus mauvais sujet de l'armée. – Paris : Hachette, 1936
 Jean Delpech-Laborie: Le Général Fournier-Sarlovèze : le plus mauvais sujet de Napoléon. – Paris : Productions de Paris, 1969
 Jacques Joseph Desplat: Fournier Sarlovèse, Général d'Empire, 1772–1827: un diable de hussard digne de leur légende. – Le Bugue, 2004
 Pierre-Henri Zaidman: Fournier Sarlovese : Un general d'Empire republicain. – Economica, 2011

Einzelnachweise

Person in den Koalitionskriegen (Frankreich)
Mitglied der Ehrenlegion (Großoffizier)
Träger des Ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis (Ritter)
Franzose
Geboren 1773
Gestorben 1827
Mann

François Fournier-Sarlovèse


Axel Guttmann (* 27. September 1944 in Krems; † 28. Oktober 2001 in Berlin) war ein deutscher Bauunternehmer und Sammler antiker Waffen.

Leben

Axel Guttmann arbeitete nach seiner Ausbildung zum Industriekaufmann für die Klingbeil-Gruppe, deren geschäftsführender Gesellschafter er seit 1978 war. Hier lernte er bei Karsten Klingbeil. 1993 übernahm er dieselben Funktion bei der Trigon-Unternehmensgruppe, der Nachfolgefirma nach Klingbeils Rückzug ins Privatleben, und verblieb dort bis zu seinem Tod. Mit der Trigon-Unternehmensgruppe widmete sich Guttmann mit seinem Geschäftspartner Klaus Grönke insbesondere dem Bauträgergeschäft beim Aufbau Berlins und der Neuen Bundesländer nach der Deutschen Wiedervereinigung. 1994 geriet das Unternehmen in massive Schieflage, nachdem es sich bei der Übernahme von 27 Interhotels der früheren DDR von der Treuhand übernommen hatte und fünf bis sechs Milliarden D-Mark Schulden anhäufte, da der angestrebte Weiterverkauf der Häuser abgesehen von vier Häusern nicht zustande kam. Neben der allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen Lage waren dabei auch Restitutionsansprüche ausschlaggebend für die Fehlinvestition. Bis zur Insolvenz sollen Guttman und Grönke ein Vermögen von bis zu 500 Millionen D-Mark angehäuft haben. Ihnen gehörte ein Privatflugzeug und Anteile des privaten Radiosenders Hundert,6. Zu seinen Freunden gehörte Hundert,6-Geschäftsführer Georg Gafron. Pleite ging Trigon jedoch nicht, da die Banken eine Pleite fürchteten und deshalb die Unternehmensgruppe stützten.

Guttmann baute seit 1982 eine namhafte private Kunstsammlung auf, zu der neben Plastiken und anderen Kunstwerken insbesondere altorientalische, antike und historische europäische Waffen gehörten. Was 1982 mit einem römischen Bronzehelm begann, war 1993 schon eine 1200 Stücke umfassende Sammlung – darunter 174 Helme –, die der Sammler im oberen Geschoss seiner Villa in Berlin-Dahlem aufbewahrte. Von Beginn an arbeitete er mit dem Restaurator Hermann Born zusammen, der auch die Herausgabe der Publikationsreihe Sammlung Axel Guttmann besorgte, die, ohne komplett aufgearbeitet zu sein, nach zehn Jahren bei Guttmanns Tod 2001 neun Bände umfasste. Der Schwerpunkt der Sammlung Guttmanns lag auf assyrischen, urartäischen, frühgriechischen, keltiberischen, kampanisch-apulischen und römischen Stücken. Der Großteil der Sammlung stammte aus dem internationalen Kunsthandel, womit die Provenienz der Stücke meist nicht mehr zu eruieren war. Auch kaufte Guttmann zum Teil Stücke, die wohl aus illegalen Raubgrabungen vor allem aus Südosteuropa stammten, da er der Meinung war, dass die Stücke damit immerhin der Forschung nicht entzogen würden. Von Beginn an machte er seine Sammlung auch der Forschung zugänglich. Auch verlieh er immer wieder Stücke für Ausstellungen. Er unterstützte auch wissenschaftliche Forschungen zur antiken Waffen- und Militärtechnik sowie der Militärgeschichte.

Guttmann verstarb nach kurzer, schwerer Krankheit und wurde auf dem Berliner Waldfriedhof Dahlem (Feld 002-84) beigesetzt. Seine Sammlung wurde 2002 und 2004 verkauft. Er war zweimal verheiratet und hinterließ eine Frau.

Literatur
 Marcus Junkelmann: Sammler und Mäzen – Zum Tode Axel Guttmanns. In: Antike Welt 33, 2002, S. 363.

 Kataloge der Sammlung Guttmann
Sammlung Axel Guttmann. Verlag Sammlung Guttmann bei von Zabern, Mainz
 Band 1: Hermann Born, Louis D. Nebelsick: Ein bronzener Punkhelm der Hallstattzeit. 1991.
 Band 2: Hermann Born: Restaurierung antiker Bronzewaffen. 1993
 Band 3: Hermann Born, Svend Hansen: Frühgeschichtliche Bronzehelme. 1994
 Band 4: Hermann Born, Ursula Seidl: Schutzwaffen aus Assyrien und Urartu. 1995
 Band 5: Hermann Born, Klaus Stemmer: .Damnatio memoriae. Das Berliner Nero-Porträt.. 1996
 Band 6: Hermann Born, Marcus Junkelmann: Römische Kampf- und Turnierrüstungen. 1997
 Band 7: Melitta Kunze-Köllensperger: Alexanders Tiere. 2000
 Band 8: Marcus Junkelmann: Römische Helme. 2000
 Band 9: Hermann Born, Svend Hansen: Helme und Waffen Alteuropas. 2001

 Versteigerungskataloge der Sammlung Guttmann (Auswahl)
 The art of warfare. The Axel Guttmann collection, part 1. Wednesday 6 November 2002. Christie's South Kensington, London
 The Axel Guttmann collection of ancient arms and armour, part 2. Wednesday 28 April 2004. Christie's South Kensington, London
 Eisenobjekte und ausgesuchte Antiken der Sammlung Axel Guttman Berlin. Hermann Historica, München, Auktion 44, 15. Mai 2004.
 Continental ceramics, including the Otto Höffer and Alexander Guttmann collections. Monday 5 July 2004. Christie's London
 Die Porzellan-Sammlung Alexander Guttmann. Hampel-Kunstauktionen München, 3. Dezember 2004

Weblinks

 Das kam für uns goldrichtig, In: Der Spiegel
 Ralf Schönball: Die Party sollte nie zu Ende gehen, In: Der Tagesspiegel
 Ewald B. Schulte: Den Schmuck für "die Neue" kauft Axel Guttmann jetzt am Ku'damm, In: Berliner Kurier

Belege

Unternehmer (Deutschland)
Immobilienunternehmer
Kunstsammler
Antikensammler
Waffensammler
Deutscher
Geboren 1944
Gestorben 2001
Mann

Axel Guttmann


Legnava este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Stará Ľubovňa din regiunea Prešov. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 104 locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Legnava este atestată documentar din 1427.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Legnava


Libert Froidmont oder (latinisiert) Libertus Fromondus (auch Libertus Fromundus/Fromond/Fromont; * 3. September 1587 in Haccourt (Lüttich); † 27. Oktober 1653 in Löwen) war ein lütticher Mathematiker, Astronom, Philosoph und katholischer Theologe.

Leben

Froidmont wurde von den Jesuiten erzogen, trat dem Orden bei und erhielt ein Kanonikat an der Kathedrale von Tournai. Er hatte Geisteswissenschaften am Jesuitenkolleg in Lüttich und 1604 Philosophie an der Universität Löwen studiert. Danach lehrte er drei Jahre lang Philosophie in der Abtei St. Michael in Antwerpen. 1609 erhielt er eine Professur der Rhetorik an der Universität Löwen und 1614 übernahm er die Professur der Philosophie. 1628 promovierte er zum Doktor der Theologie. Nachdem Cornelius Jansen als Bischof nach Ypern gegangen war, wurde Froidmont am 28. Januar 1637 Professor der theologischen Fakultät, er übernahm im selben Jahr das Rektorat der Löwener Alma Mater und am 9. September 1638 ernannte man ihn zum Dekan an der dazugehörigen Universitätskirche St. Peter (Sint-Pieterskerk). Hier fand er auch seine letzte Ruhestätte.

Froidmont hatte eine profunde Kenntnis der lateinischen, griechischen und hebräischen Sprache. Sein Interesse an den atmosphärischen Phänomenen seiner Zeit ließen ihn sich mit Mathematik, Meteorologie und Astronomie auseinandersetzen. Ganz aus seinem religiösen Selbstverständnis heraus  vertrat im beginnenden 17. Jahrhundert noch das katholische, scholastische Weltbild der Erde, wobei er sich durch einige Gegenschriften gegen das Heliozentrische Weltbild einen Namen machte. Auch ist er polemisch gegen den niederländischen Calvinisten Gisbert Voetius in Erscheinung getreten und galt als Kritiker von René Descartes, mit dem er brieflichen Kontakt hatte. Aus seiner Feder stammen auch einige Kommentare zur heiligen Schrift, die nach seinem Tod 1653 bis 1663 veröffentlicht wurden.

Werke

 Coenae Saturnalitiae, variatae Somnio sive peregrinatione coelesti. Löwen 1616
 Dissertatio de cometa anni 1618. Antwerpen 1619
 Commentatio in Acta Apostolorum. o. J.
 Meteorologicorum libri sex. Antwerpen 1627
 Labyrinthus sive de compositione continui. Antwerpen, 1631
 Commentarii in libros Quaestionum naturalium Senecae. Antwerpen, 1632
 Anti-Aristarchus sive orbis terrae immobilisiert adversus Philippum Lansbergium. Antwerpen 1634
 Vesta, seu Ant-Aristarchi vindex adversus Jac. Lanspergium, Philippi filium. Antwerpen 1634
 Causae desperatae Gisberti Voetii, ministry calviniani, adversus spongiam Cornelii Jansenii episcope Yprensis crisis. Antwerpen 1639
 Brevis anatomia hominis et Epistola Fromondi Liberti und Henrici Caleni ad patres Societatis. Löwen 1641
 Conventus Africanus, sive disceplatio judicialis apud tribunal praesulis Augustini, enarratore Artemidoro Oneirocritico. 1641
 Augnstini Yprensis et Augustini Hipponensis de Deo omnes salvare volente homologia. o. J.
 Chrysippus sive de liberto arbitrio ad philosophos peripateticos. Löwen 1644
 Collatio Antverpiensis ad Fetrum Aurelium. Löwen 1647
 Vincentii Lenis theriaca adversus Dionysium Petavium, S. J. theologum, et Antonium Richardum de libero arbitrio. Paris 1648
 Vincentii Lenis epistola prodroma gemella ad Dionysium Petavium et Antonium Richardum. Löwen 1649
 Philosophiae christianae de anima libri quatuor. Löwen 1649
 Antonii Richardi stratagema, quo bellum sui sociorumque defensivum ab erroribus Massiliensium transtulit in S. Augustini et episcopi Yprensis offensivum. 1650
 Lucerna Augustiniana, qua breviter et dilucide declaratur coneordia et discordia, qua duo nuper eximii doctores S. Th. Fuacenses conveniunt a caeteris hodie S. Augustini discipulis. 1650
 Emunctorium lucernae Augustinianae quo fuligines a quibnsdam aspersae emunguntur.o. J.

Literatur

 Daniel Garber, Michael Ayers: The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy. Universitätsverlag, Cambridge, 1998, ISBN 0521537215, Band 2, S. 1428
 Pierre François Xavier De Ram, Edmond Henri Joseph Reusens: Analectes pour servir à l'histoire ecclésiastique de la Belgique. Ch. Peeters/ H. Goemaere, Löwen/Brüssel, 1866, Bd. 3, S. 312 f. (Online)

Jesuit
Hochschullehrer (Universität Löwen)
Römisch-katholischer Theologe (17. Jahrhundert)
Mathematiker (17. Jahrhundert)
Astronom (17. Jahrhundert)
Rhetoriker
Philosoph (17. Jahrhundert)
Geboren 1587
Gestorben 1653
Mann

Libert Froidmont


(20254) Úpice, denumire internațională (20254) Upice, este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
20254 Úpice este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul din Ondřejov de Petr Pravec. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,51 ua, o excentricitate de 0,13 și o înclinație de 4,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 20001-21000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1998
Centura de asteroizi

20254 Úpice


John Robert Ringrose (né le ) est un mathématicien britannique qui a étudié les algèbres d'opérateurs.

Formation et carrière
Ringrose a étudié au St. John's College de l'université de Cambridge, où il a obtenu son doctorat sous la direction de  en 1957 (avec une thèse intitulée « Contributions to the theory of linear operators »). Il a ensuite été maître de conférences à l'université de Newcastle à partir de 1957 et à Cambridge à partir de 1961, où il est également devenu membre du St. John's College. En 1963, il a été maître de conférences et professeur en 1964 à Newcastle, où il est resté jusqu'à sa retraite en 1993.

Travaux
Ringrose est un expert de premier plan sur les algèbres d'opérateurs et les opérateurs non auto-adjoints. Lui et Richard Kadison ont écrit une monographie complète en quatre volumes sur les algèbres d'opérateurs.

John Ringrose a publié une preuve courte du théorème de Milman-Pettis (qui énonce que tout espace de Banach uniformément convexe est réflexif).

Prix et distinctions
En 1977, il est devenu membre de la Royal Society et il est également devenu membre de la Royal Society of Edinburgh. De 1992 à 1994, il a été président de la London Mathematical Society. En 1974, il a été conférencier invité au Congrès international des mathématiciens à Vancouver avec une conférence intitulée « Operator algebras and their abelian subalgebras ». En 1962, Ringrose est lauréat du prix Adams.

Publications
 avec Richard Kadison : Fundamentals of the theory of operator algebras, 4 volumes, Academic Press 1983, 1986, 1991, 1992 (nouvelle édition American Mathematical Society 1997)
 Compact non self-adjoint operators, van Nostrand 1971

Références

Liens externes

Voir aussi

Naissance en décembre 1932
Professeur à l'université de Newcastle upon Tyne
Universitaire britannique du XXe siècle
Membre de la Royal Society of Edinburgh
Membre de la Royal Society
Mathématicien britannique du XXe siècle
Lauréat du prix Adams

John Ringrose


Sumy (, , ) is a city in northeastern Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Sumy Oblast. The city is situated on the banks of the Psel River with a population of  making it the 23rd-largest in the country.

The city of Sumy was founded in the 1650s by Cossacks within the historical region of Sloboda Ukraine.

History

Sumy was founded by the Cossack Herasym Kondratyev from Stavyshche, Bila Tserkva Regiment on the banks of the Psel River, a tributary of the Dnieper. The exact date of its foundation remains a subject of discussion (in 1652 or 1655). In 1656–58 at the site of the Sumyn early settlement, under the leadership of the Muscovite voivode K. Arsenyev, a city-fort was built that consisted of a fort and a grad (town).

In the 1670s, Sumy was expanded by adding a fortified posad (craftsmen town), after which it became the biggest fortress of Sloboda Ukraine. From 1658 Sumy was a center of the Sumy Cossack Regiment (military unit and local administrative division). In the 1680s unfortified suburbs began to develop around Sumy.

At the end of the 17th century, Sumy played a role as a collection point for Muscovite troops during the Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689. During the Great Northern War, from December 1708 to January 1709, the city was the stavka (headquarters) of the Muscovite Chief of Commander headed by Tsar Peter the Great. Established under the leadership of Prince A. Shakhovskoy, the Commission on streamlining the Sloboda Cossack regiments was located in 1734–43 in Sumy. From its establishment and until the liquidation of Cossackdom in Sloboda Ukraine in 1765, the Cossack officer family of Kondratyevs exercised great influence over the city.

Following the liquidation of the Cossack community in 1765, the Sumy Cossack Regiment as an administrative division was turned into Sumy Province of the newly created Sloboda Ukraine Governorate and the city of Sumy became its center. In 1780 Sumy was turned into a centre of Sumy uyezd. In 1786-89 the city was reformed by removing its city fort vallums.

After a period of stagnation (1765–1860s), Sumy began to transform into a big industrial and trade center with Paul's Sugar-Refining Factory (est. 1869 by I.Kharytonenko) and the Sumy Engineering Workshops (est. 1896, producing equipment for sugar refineries). With the construction of a railroad Vorozhba – Merefa, the Sumy train station was built in the city in January 1877. Various families of philanthropist industrialists, the most famous of which were the Kharytonenkos, contributed greatly to the development of Sumy.

During the Revolution of 1905, Sumy was one of several areas which became famous throughout Russia for having established an independent peasant republic -the Sumy Republic was established by a peasant union.

During the German occupation of Ukraine during World War II (1941–1944), Sumy sustained heavy damage and was occupied from 10 October 1941 to 2 September 1943. In February 1942, some 1,000 Jews were murdered in Sumy in two large-scale operations. In May-June that year, the Germans and their Hungarian allies killed an additional several dozen Jews, along with thirty Roma. Some 250 Hungarian Jews were also murdered in Sumy during the occupation period. The Germans operated a Nazi prison and a forced labour battalion for Jews in the city. After the war, the destroyed parts of the city were rebuilt.

On 24 February 2022, the first day of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Sumy came under attack by Russian forces in the Battle of Sumy.

On 4 April 2022 Governor of Sumy Oblast Dmytro Zhyvytskyi stated that Russian troops no longer occupied any towns or villages in Sumy Oblast and had mostly withdrawn, while Ukrainian troops were working to push out the remaining units. On 8 April, Governor Zhyvytskyi stated that all Russian troops had left Sumy Oblast, while adding that the territory of the region was still unsafe due to rigged explosives and other ammunition left behind by Russian troops.

Geography
Sumy is located in the northeastern part of Ukraine within the Central Russian Upland and in the historical region of Sloboda Ukraine. It is located on the banks of the Psel River.

Climate
Due to its relatively close location, the city's weather is similar to Kharkiv. Sumy's climate is a warm-summer humid continental (Köppen: Dfb) with cold and snowy winters, and hot summers. The seasonal average temperatures are not too cold in winter, not too hot in summer:  in January, and  in July. The average rainfall totals  per year, with the most in June and July.

Trends show an increase in the fall in precipitation in the coming decades.

Government

Sumy is a city of oblast significance which makes a separate subdivision within the Sumy Oblast. Sumy is also an administrative center of Sumy Raion which surrounds the city.

The city used to be divided into two urban raions (districts), Zarichny and Kovpakovsky, and 13 micro-raions.  Since 2006, the subdivision into urban districts is not in effect.

The city municipality also includes several adjacent villages including Verkhnie Pishchane, Zhyteiske, Zahirske, Kyryiakivshchyna, Pishchane, and Trokhymenkove.

Demographics

 1897 - 70.53% Ukrainians, 24.1% Russians, 2.6% Jewish, 2.67% others
 1926 - 80.7% Ukrainians, 11.8% Russians, 5.5% Jewish, 2% others
 1959 - 79% Ukrainians, 20% Russians, 1% others

The majority of residents are Christians (Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholics and Protestant or Evangelical Christians). There is also a Jewish minority.

From the beginning of the twentieth century, Sumy was the center of Roman Catholicism in northeastern Ukraine. The Blessed Virgin Mary Annunciation Church was established in the city in 1901 and consecrated in 1911, but closed by governmental authorities two decades later; the churchhouse was thereafter used for non-religious purposes (e.g., it was used as a gym for Oleksandrivska Gymnasia) until its restoration as a Roman Catholic parish in May 1994, after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. It was reconsecrated in the spring of 1998.

Population
According to the census held in 1660, the population of Sumy was 2740 people. In 1732 it was 7700 people, in 1773 — 9380 people, in 1850 — 10,256 people, in 1898 — 26,355 people.

During Soviet times the population grew significantly. In 1939 it reached 63.9 thousand people. In 1959 it was 98,015 people, 159 thousand people in 1970, 194 thousand people in 1975, 291,264 people in 1989, and 303.3 thousand people in 1991.

According to the Ukrainian Census of 2001, the population of Sumy was 292,139 people. By January 1, 2013, it had decreased to 269,177 people. On January 1, 2016, the population was 267,633 people.

According to a survey conducted by the International Republican Institute in April-May 2023, 64 % of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 27 % spoke Russian.

Economy and infrastructure

Enterprises

 Sumy Engineering Science and Production Association (formerly Frunze factory)
 Sumykhimprom, a major chemical factory
Sumykhimprom chemical plant ammonia leak

Infrastructure
 There is a Sumy Airport in the city. Built in 1978, since 2006 it has been an international airport and received flights from outside Ukraine.
 There are several railway stations in the city, two of which serve passenger trains. All stations are part of the UZ regional branch Southern Railways. Sumy railway station also is the headquarters of one of four territorial subdivisions of the Southern Railways and conducts supervision over some other 45 stations in Sumy, Poltava, and Kharkiv oblasts.
 There are two major routes that cross the city H07 (Kyiv–Yunakivka at Russian border) and H12 (Sumy–Poltava). There are also a few regional routes P44 (Sumy–Hlukhiv), P45 (Sumy–Bohodukhiv), and P61 (Sumy–Baturyn).

Main sights

Landmarks

The city centre is dominated by the large cathedral of the Saviour's Transfiguration. It is a neoclassical structure of the 18th century, extensively repaired and reconstructed in 1858 and in the 1880s when the 56-metre-high bell tower (180 ft) was added. The interior features frescoes by Vladimir Makovsky and Klavdiy Lebedev.
The Resurrection Church (1702), the oldest structure in the town, is still in fair preservation, owing to recent restoration work.
The cathedral of the monastery of St. Pantaleon was erected in 1911 to a design by Aleksey Shchusev and is scored to resemble medieval monuments of Novgorod and Pskov.
A lovely church of Saints Peter and Paul is in the town's cemetery. It was built in 1851 on the donations of Sumy citizens. Beside the church there are tombs of the Kharytonenkos and Sukhanovs with artistic monuments by sculptors – A. Croisy and M. Antokolski.
The Cathedral of Holy Trinity was built in 1902–1914 on the same pattern as the Cathedral of St. Isaac in St. Petersburg. The author of the design was Sumy architect G. Sholts. It was built at the expense of Pavlo Kharitonenko, the local manufacturer and Maecenas who fulfilled his father's last will. Icon painting is by famous artist M. Nesterov. The work on the decorative design was not completed because of the revolutionary events of 1917.

Museums

The Sumy Regional Art Museum was opened in 1920. It started with nationalized private collections of the town and district. Paintings of Taras Shevchenko, Vladimir Borovikovsky, I. Shyskin, Arkhip Kuindzhi and Tetyana Yablonska are on display, including a Dutch landscape by a painter of Jan van Goyen's circle. Today the museum contains unique paintings and works of applied art. The building of the early 20th century originally belonged to the State Bank.

The Museum of Local Lore was opened in 1920. In the years of fascist occupation, the most important items of its collections were lost. Today it contains unique collections covering archeology and the natural history of the Sumy region. It is located in the building of the 19th century which originally was the seat of the district government. In 1905 it was given to the printing house and publishing house of the first Sumy newspapers. In different years the building was visited by A. Kuprin and V. Korolenko, the famous Russian writers.

The Chekhov Museum, located on Chekhov street is an architectural complex representing Lintvarev's country estate of the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1888 and 1889 a great writer and dramatist Anton Chekhov was dreaming of settling in Luka forever but his dream did not come true. "Abbacia and the Adriatic Sea are wonderful, but Luka and Psiol are better" – he wrote in his letter from Italy to his friends in Sumy in 1894. This is also a place where Anton Chekhov's brother, Nikolai Chekhov, died in 1889.

The Museum of Banking history in the Sumy oblast and the History of Ukrainian Money was founded in 2006 to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Ukrainian Academy of Banking based on a unique collection of Ukrainian bonds – the paper money out of circulation, which were given to the academy by the National Bank of Ukraine. The exposition of the bonds is arranged in the thematic-chronological order - from the first appearance of money to the present day. In addition to the numerous historical documents, photographs, metal money (coins, souvenir bars), and commemorative medals of the National Bank of Ukraine, there is an exhibition presenting technical appliances used in the banking industry in the late 20th century.

Notable people

Aleksey Alchevsky (1835–1901), industrialist and philanthropist, founded the city of Alchevsk
Hanna Bezliudna (born 1972) is a Ukrainian media manager, producer and public figure.
Karl Burman (1882–1965), an Estonian architect and painter.
Mykola Hrunskyi (early 20th C.), a senior researcher specializing in studying of the Russian language at the Linguistic Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Dmytro Kuleba (born 1981) a politician and diplomat; currently Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Anatoliy Mokrenko (1933–2020) a Ukrainian operatic baritone
Yekaterina Peshkova (1887–1965), a Soviet human rights activist and first wife of Maxim Gorky.
Pyotr Voevodin (1884–1964) was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician and film producer.

Sport
Kazimierz Gzowski (1901–1986) a Polish cavalry officer and horse rider, team silver medallist at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Yevhen Hlyva (born 1983), distance runner
Volodymyr Holubnychy (born 1936), race-walker, 4-time Olympic medallist
Oleh Husiev (born 1983), a footballer with 319 club caps and 98 for Ukraine
Volodymyr Romanenko (born 1985) football midfielder with over 330 club caps
Kateryna Samson (born 1988) is a Ukrainian football goalkeeper with 21 caps for Ukraine women
Serhiy Strashnenko (born 1953) a Soviet former football goalkeeper with over 400 club caps

Sports

The field hockey club MSC Sumchanka has won the Ukrainian championship 12 times and was the European champion once.

Sumy is home to the Ukrainian First League football team FC Alians and Ukrainian Second League football team FC Sumy.

The Ukrainian Premier League football club FC Kharkiv were leasing the city's state-of-the-art Yuvileiny Stadium.

The Yuvileiny Stadium, formerly known as Spartak, was planned to be renovated just before dissolution of the Soviet Union and in 1989 was demolished to be built anew. It was not until 1998 that the actual construction was resumed and finally finished in 2001.

Twin towns – sister cities

Sumy is twinned with:

 Sacramento, United States (2023)
 Celle, Germany (1990)
 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland (2006)
 Kutaisi, Georgia (2018)
 Lublin, Poland (2002)
 Vratsa, Bulgaria (1966)
 Xinxiang, China (2019)
 Zhuji, China (2019)

Other forms of cooperation
 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (2016)
 Wohlen, Switzerland (2015)

References
Notes

External links

 City of Sumy travel guide
 Independent regional Web-portal - news, features, entertainment & tourism info
 Sumy administration
 Sumy travel guide
 Medical institute of Sumy State University
 The Sumian Historical Web-Society
 Regional Web-portal, open business-directory of the city
 Portal Sumy - news, weather, calendar, map, ad
 City centre Web-cam

Cities in Sumy Oblast
Sumsky Uyezd
Populated places established in 1652
Cities of regional significance in Ukraine
1652 establishments in Russia
Oblast centers in Ukraine
Cities and towns built in the Sloboda Ukraine

Sumy


Lansford est un borough dans le comté de Carbon, en Pennsylvanie, aux États-Unis.

Lansford s'est développé avec le mines de charbon locales et est nommé d'après , qui était un défenseur de la fusion des petites villes isolées qui se sont développées dans la région.

Liens externes

Borough dans le comté de Carbon (Pennsylvanie)
Division administrative fondée en 1827
Comté de Carbon (Pennsylvanie)

Lansford (Pennsylvanie)


An Specklinia gracillima in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni John Lindley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Alec M. Pridgeon och Mark W. Chase. An Specklinia gracillima in nahilalakip ha genus nga Specklinia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Specklinia

Specklinia gracillima


Dagbog fra Hongkong er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 2005 med instruktion og manuskript af Jesper Heldgaard og Bo Illum Jørgensen.

Handling
Hvis det ikke lykkes at få forhandlingerne i Verdenshandelsorganisationen, WTO, tilbage på sporet under WTO-konferencen i Hongkong i 2005, risikerer de globale handelsregler blive afløst af et virvar af individuelle aftaler, som vil stille små og fattige udviklingslande svagere. Filmen følger især de mange danske aktører under konferencen og fortæller, hvordan det gik.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2005

WHO
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Dagbog fra Hongkong


In English folklore, Black Shuck, Old Shuck, Old Shock or simply Shuck is the name given to a ghostly black dog which is said to roam the coastline and countryside of East Anglia, one of many such black dogs recorded in folklore across the British Isles. Accounts of Black Shuck form part of the folklore of Norfolk, Suffolk, the Cambridgeshire Fens and Essex, and descriptions of the creature's appearance and nature vary considerably; it is sometimes recorded as an omen of death, but, in other instances, is described as companionable.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the name Shuck derives from the Old English word  'devil, fiend', perhaps from the root  'to terrify'. The first mention in print of "Black Shuck" is by Reverend E. S. Taylor in an 1850 edition of the journal Notes and Queries which describes "Shuck the Dog-fiend"; "This phantom I have heard many persons in East Norfolk, and even Cambridgeshire, describe as having seen as a black shaggy dog, with fiery eyes and of immense size, and who visits churchyards at midnight."

Abraham Fleming's account of the appearance of A strange, and terrible wunder in 1577 at Bungay, Suffolk is a famous account of the beast. Images of sinister black dogs have become part of the iconography of the area and have appeared in popular culture. Writing in 1877, Walter Rye stated that Shuck was "the most curious of our local apparitions, as they are no doubt varieties of the same animal."

Descriptions
Descriptions of Black Shuck vary in both shape and size, from that of a large dog to being the size of a calf or horse. W. A. Dutt, in his 1901 Highways & Byways in East Anglia describes the creature thus:

Dr Simon Sherwood suggests that the earliest surviving description of devilish black hounds is an account of an incident in the Peterborough Abbey recorded in the Peterborough Chronicle (one version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle) around 1127:

This account also appears to describe the Europe-wide phenomenon of a Wild Hunt.

Bungay and Blythburgh

One of the most notable reports of Black Shuck is of his appearance at the churches of Bungay and Blythburgh in Suffolk. On 4 August 1577, at Blythburgh, Black Shuck is said to have burst in through the doors of Holy Trinity Church to a clap of thunder. He ran up the nave, past a large congregation, killing a man and boy and causing the church steeple to collapse through the roof. As the dog left, he left scorch marks on the north door which can be seen at the church to this day.

The encounter on the same day at St Mary's Church, Bungay was described in A Straunge and Terrible Wunder by Abraham Fleming in 1577:

Fleming was a translator and editor for several printing houses in London, and therefore probably only published his account based on exaggerated oral accounts. Other local accounts attribute the event to the Devil (Fleming calls the animal "the Divel in such a likeness"). The scorch marks on the door are referred to by the locals as "the devil's fingerprints", and the event is remembered in this verse:

Dr David Waldron and Christopher Reeve suggest that a fierce electrical storm recorded by contemporary accounts on that date, coupled with the trauma of the ongoing Reformation, may have led to the accounts entering folklore.

Littleport

Littleport, Cambridgeshire is home to two different legends of spectral black dogs, which have been linked to the Black Shuck folklore, but differ in significant aspects: local folklorist W.H. Barrett relates the story of a huge black dog haunting the area after being killed rescuing a local girl from a lustful friar in pre-reformation times, while fellow folklorist Enid Porter relates stories of a black dog haunting the A10 road after its owner drowned in the nearby River Great Ouse in the 1800s.

In popular culture
British rock band The Darkness have a song called "Black Shuck" on their 2003 debut album Permission to Land.

In Teen Wolf, an ancient Hellhound spirit that had possessed someone, tells one of the main characters that it is known by many names, one of which is "Black Shuck".

British rock band Down I Go have a song called "Black Shuck" on their 2019 EP 'All Down the Church in Midst of Fire the Hellish Monster Flew, and Passing Onward to the Quire, He Many People Slew'.

In June 2019, after being previously crowdfunded on Kickstarter, the graphic novel The Burning Black: Legend of Black Shuck was published by Renegade Arts Entertainment. The book was written by Mark Allard-Will, with artwork by Ryan Howe and lettering by Elaine M. Will. The graphic novel features Black Shuck as its central antagonist.

The Black Shuck appears in the 2020 video game Assassin's Creed: Valhalla as a mini boss encountered while exploring the countryside of East Anglia. The player can find it eating a carcass amidst a ruined building, and when killed it gives the player a skill point and its decapitated head.

The Black Shuck appears in Rahel Kapsaski's 2020 stop-motion animated folk horror film Curse of the Black Shuck released by Troma.

Black Shuck is a track with 'knot-in-the-stomach insistent strings' on These Feral Lands Volume 1, a 2020 release by musician Laura Cannell, comedian Stewart Lee and others.

Satirical, comedic, theatrical string quartet Bowjangles feature a song about Black Shuck composed by Norfolk-born ensemble member Bertie Anderson in the recording of their stage show Excalibow, in keeping with the overall theme of myths and legends.

See also
 Barghest
 Black dog (folklore)
 Shug Monkey

References

English legendary creatures
Mythological dogs
Mythological canines
Cambridgeshire folklore
Essex folklore
Lincolnshire folklore
Norfolk folklore
Suffolk folklore
Suffolk Coastal

Black Shuck


Campanula calaminthifolia er tegund af klukkuætt (Campanulaceae), ættuð frá Grikklandi og eyjum í Jónahafi.

Tilvísanir

Bláklukkur

Campanula calaminthifolia


Saint Lucia deltog første gang i olympiske lege under sommer-OL 1996 i Atlanta og har deltaget i samtlige efterfølgende sommerlege. Nationen har aldrig deltaget i vinterlegene og har aldrig vundet nogen olympiske medaljer.

Medaljeoversigt

Eksterne henvisninger
 Saint Lucias OL-statistik  på Sports-reference.com

Saint Lucia ved sommer-OL
OL

Saint Lucia ved OL


Société Belge des Transports par Air SA, known by its short form Sobelair, was a Belgian charter airline from that operated from 1946 to 2004. It was headquartered in Brussels (later in Zaventem) and operated mostly non-scheduled passenger and cargo flights out of Brussels Airport.

History

Sobelair was founded as a charter airline on 30 July 1946, originally (only during the initial months) known as Société d'Etude et de Transports Aériens, abbreviated SETA. The first revenue flight using a Douglas DC-3 aircraft, which took place on 15 October of that year, was a flowers transport to Nice via Paris. In 1947, scheduled flights from Brussels to Elisabethville in Belgian Congo were launched on behalf of several companies in the Belgian colony, which held the majority of the stakes in the company. In 1949, these shares were acquired by Belgian flag carrier Sabena, which thus owned 72.29 percent in Sobelair.

When Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) was founded as an independent state in the former Belgian Congo, Sobelair ceased its African service, and concentrated on offering chartered holiday flights to the Mediterranean instead, as well as (between 1957 and 1962) domestic routes using small Cessna 310 airplanes.

Sobelair joined the jet age in 1971, when the first Caravelle was acquired second-hand from Sabena. Over the following years, the fleet was further modernized with Boeing 707 aircraft, which stayed until 1988. By then, Sobelair operated a fleet composed exclusively of smaller Boeing 737 airliners. Long haul flights were relaunched only in 1994, using a newly bought Boeing 767-300.

When Swissair started an alliance with Sabena in 1995, plans were made for a co-operation of the respective charter subsidiaries. Thus, Sobelair went into negotiation with the Swiss subsidiary of Trans European Airways in 1996, which turned out to be fruitless. Instead, an agreement was signed with Crossair. In 1997, Sobelair operated chartered passenger flights from Zurich to San Francisco and Las Vegas on behalf of Swissair. In the late 1990s, a charter contract with tour operator Jetair was signed. In 2001, further agreements with ALM Antillean Airlines and Balair were secured.

In October 2001, Swissair went bankrupt, which was followed by the demise of partner Sabena in November of the same year, which led to the future of Sobelair becoming uncertain, too. Delta Air Transport, which the Sabena slots had been transferred to, briefly considered taking over Sobelair's 767s for the re-launch of scheduled passenger flights to Africa (instead, Birdy Airlines was founded for that purpose), and German tour operator Preussag went into negotiations concerning a taking-over of the airline, which were dropped again in February 2002.

After having been acquired by a group of investors in June 2002, which led to the launch of scheduled flights on the Brussels-Johannesburg route, Sobelair was passed on to SN Brussels Airlines in early 2003, for which it operated charter flights henceforth. This did not lead to an improvement of the financial situation, and Sobelair declared bankruptcy in January 2004. TUI Travel placed an offer for taking over Sobelair's aircraft in order to create a Belgian airline subsidiary, provided that creditor protection would be granted. On 19 January, this measure was rejected, so that Sobelair went out of business and its then approximately 450 employees lost their jobs.

Fleet

Historical fleet

Over the nearly 60 years of its existence, Sobelair operated the following aircraft types:

Accidents and incidents
Sobelair suffered one fatal accident, which occurred on 22 April 1960. A Douglas C-54 Skymaster of the airline, registered OO-SBL, crashed into a mountain slope (a so-called controlled flight into terrain) whilst approaching an airfield in Bunia, then Belgian Congo. All 28 passengers and the seven crew members that had been on the chartered flight from Cairo died.
On 20 December 1970, a Sobelair Douglas DC-6 (registered OO-CTL) was damaged beyond repair when it ran off the runway at Málaga Airport. The cargo flight with seven occupants had had to perform an emergency landing at the airport in bad weather conditions because the left main landing gear could not be extended due to a hydraulic problem.
On 29 March 1981, an engine fire occurred with a Sobelair Boeing 707 (registered OO-SJA) shortly after take-off from Brussels Airport. The pilots returned to the airport and had to execute an emergency landing. As there had not been time to dump fuel, the airplane was too heavy, and was deliberately steered off the runway in order not to overshoot it, during which it suffered extensive damage. The 109 passengers and eight crew members survived the accident.

References

External links

 Official website (archived)
Sobelair aircraft

Belgian companies established in 1946
Defunct airlines of Belgium
Airlines established in 1946
Airlines disestablished in 2004
Zaventem
2004 disestablishments in Belgium

Sobelair


Mario Traversa (* 1912 in Bologna; † 1997) war ein italienischer Geiger und Kapellmeister.

Leben
Traversa galt als "einer der ganz Großen unter den Caféhausgeigern". Er kam von der Mailänder Scala, wo er Konzertmeister bei Arturo Toscanini war. In Deutschland gründete er zusammen mit den Gebrüdern Eberhard und Walter Schoener ein Salonorchester für Unterhaltungsmusik, mit dem er in den 1930er und 1940er Jahren als "Mario Traversa, Violine, mit Kapelle Schoener" auftrat. In dieser Besetzung bespielte er auch Schallplatten bei der Grammophon.

Im Kriege war er Dirigent eines kleinen Unterhaltungsorchesters in Danzig.
Nach dem Kriege leitete Traversa zusammen mit Walther Günther in Hamburg das Kleine Unterhaltungsorchester des damaligen NWDR. Dort trat er auch zusammen mit dem Organisten Gerhard Gregor auf.
Ab den späten 1950er Jahren war er Kapellmeister des Kurorchesters von Bad Pyrmont.

Tondokumente (Auswahl)
 Gr 47 321 (mx. 8348-2 GR9) Guten Tag, liebes Glück. Langs. Walzer (Franz Grothe) a. d. Tonfilm "Ins blaue Leben" (aka Castelli in aria, Italien 1939, Regie Augusto Genina, mit Lilian Harvey) / (mx. 8401-2 GR9) Ein kleines weißes Haus. Langs. Foxtrott (Ludwig Schmidseder)
 Gr 47 343 (mx. 8306 GR9) Valse triste (Jean Sibelius) / (mx. 8307 GR9) Nur wer die Sehnsucht kennt (P.I.Tschaikowski, op. 6 Nr. 6)
 Gr 47 403 (mx. 8813-2 GR9) Kleine Puppenfee (Sulla Carrozzella), Foxtrott (Gino Filippini) / (mx. 8814-2 GR9) Komm zu mir heut' nacht. Langs. Foxtrott a. d. Optte "Der arme Jonathan" von Josef Rixner.
 Gr 47 487 (mx. 8400-2 GR9) Es fiel ein Stern. Tango (D. von Stahelberg) / (mx. 8814-2 GR9) So wird's nie wieder sein. Langs. Foxtrott (Gerh.Winkler, Text: Bruno Balz) mit Refraingesang von Rudi Schuricke. Mech. copyr. 1940
 Gr 47 731 (mx. 8846-2 GR9) Küsse im Dunklen (Baci al buio), Serenade (G. de Micheli) / (mx.8848-2 GR9) Blauer Pavillon. Andalusische Serenade (José Armándola, d. i. Willi Lautenschlaeger)

Weblinks
 Veröffentlichungen von Mario Traversa im WorldCat
 Mario Traversa, mit Kapelle Schoener : Komm zurück / Tornerai / J´attendrai. Foxtrott Melodie (Dino Olivieri)  Grammophon 47 384 B (mx. 8418 1/2 GD9), aufgen. 1939, bei Youtube
 Mario Traversa (1912-1997) / "Pyrmonter Palmen, Und wieder geht ein schöner Tag zu Ende" / Melodien von Oskar Strauss, historische Tonaufnahme mit dem Orchester Traversa-Schoener. In: CD "300 Jahre Musikbad-Pyrmont", track 9.
 Artikel "Mario Traversa mit Orchester Schoener" der user 'monokel', 'nostalphon', 'limania' und 'sondermeldung' bei  grammophon-platten.de

Einzelnachweise

Geiger
Dirigent
Träger des Verdienstkreuzes des Niedersächsischen Verdienstordens (am Bande)
Person (Norddeutscher Rundfunk)
Person (Westdeutscher Rundfunk)
Italiener
Geboren 1912
Gestorben 1997
Mann

Mario Traversa


Gaëlle Estelle Tchuembou Wambo, née le  à Mbouda, est une joueuse camerounaise de volley-ball. Elle joue au poste de réceptionneuse-attaquante.

Biographie

Enfance et études
Gaëlle Tchuembou Wambo est la fille de professeurs d'éducation physique et sportive. Elle pratique dans sa jeunesse le handball, le judo et le basket-ball avant de se mettre au volley-ball à l'université.
Elle étudie dans la filière Génie Civil de l'Institut Universitaire de Technologie Fotso Victor de Bandjoun à l'Université de Dschang.

Carrière en club
Elle remporte  la Coupe du Cameroun avec le Nyong-et-Kellé Volleyball, après avoir joué au Bafang Volleyball. Elle joue ensuite pour le Bafia Volleyball Evolution avec lequel elle est sacrée championne du Cameroun.

Carrière en sélection
Gaëlle Tchuembou Wambo évlue dans les sélections nationales camerounaises de jeunes, remportant la médaille d'argent des Jeux africains de la jeunesse de 2018 et participant au Championnat du monde féminin de volley-ball des moins de 18 ans en 2019 au Caire.

Elle remporte avec l'équipe du Cameroun féminine de volley-ball le Championnat d'Afrique féminin de volley-ball 2021.

Notes et références

Joueuse camerounaise de volley-ball
Naissance en décembre 2002
Étudiant de l'université de Dschang

Gaëlle Tchuembou Wambo