Menispermaceae, biljna porodica iz reda žabnjakolike. Ime je dobila po rodu mjesečevo sjeme (Menispermum), kojemu pripadaju dvije vrste grmastih penjačica. U ukupno 73 roda, postoji preko 530 vrsta.

Opis
Menispermaceae, ili porodica "mjesečevih sjemenki", sadrži gotovo 75 rodova i 520 vrsta, od kojih su većina drvenaste penjačice u tropskim šumama, iako se neki rodovi protežu u umjerena područja Sjeverne Amerike i Japana. Menispermum canadense ("Canada moonseed") i drugi članovi porodice imaju karakteristične sjemenke u obliku polumjeseca. Najvažniji proizvod iz Menispermaceae je kurare (tubokurarin klorid), koji se uglavnom dobiva iz vrste Chondrodendron tomentosum, biljke porijeklom iz Brazila i Perua. Lijek se koristi kao relaksant mišića tijekom operacije.

Potporodice i rodovi

Menispermaceae Juss. (547 spp.)
 Subfamilia Chasmantheroideae Luerss.
 Tribus Coscinieae Hook. f. & Thomson
 Coscinium Colebr. (2 spp.)
 Anamirta Colebr. (1 sp.)
 Arcangelisia Becc. (3 spp.)
 Tribus Burasaieae Endl.
 Calycocarpum Nutt. ex Spach (1 sp.)
 Parabaena Miers (6 spp.)
 Aspidocarya Hook. f. & Thomson (1 sp.)
 Disciphania Eichler (25 spp.)
 Tinomiscium Miers (2 spp.)
 Fibraurea Lour. (3 spp.)
 Borismene Barneby (1 sp.)
 Penianthus Miers (4 spp.)
 Sphenocentrum Pierre (1 sp.)
 Burasaia Thouars (4 spp.)
 Orthogynium Baill. (1 sp.)
 Dioscoreophyllum Engl. (2 spp.)
 Jateorhiza Miers (2 spp.)
 Tinospora Miers (38 spp.)
 Paratinospora Wei Wang (2 spp.)
 Kolobopetalum Engl. (4 spp.)
 Rhigiocarya Miers (3 spp.)
 Sarcolophium Troupin (1 sp.)
 Chasmanthera Hochst. (2 spp.)
 Leptoterantha Louis ex Troupin (1 sp.)
 Syntriandrium Engl. (1 sp.)
 Dialytheca Exell & Mendonça (1 sp.)
 Odontocarya Miers (38 spp.)
 Platytinospora (Engl.) Diels (1 sp.)
 Chlaenandra Miq. (1 sp.)
 Subfamilia Menispermoideae Arn.
 Tribus Menispermeae DC.
 Menispermum L. (2 spp.)
 Sinomenium Diels (1 sp.)
 Tribus Anomospermeae Miers
 Diploclisia Miers (2 spp.)
 Sarcopetalum F. Muell. (1 sp.)
 Legnephora Miers (5 spp.)
 Parapachygone Forman (1 sp.)
 Hypserpa Miers (10 spp.)
 Pericampylus Miers (2 spp.)
 Anomospermum Miers (4 spp.)
 Caryomene Barneby & Krukoff (5 spp.)
 Elissarrhena Miers (2 spp.)
 Rupertiella Wei Wang & R. Ortiz (1 sp.)
 Orthomene Barneby & Krukoff (4 spp.)
 Elephantomene Barneby & Krukoff (1 sp.)
 Telitoxicum Moldenke (8 spp.)
 Abuta Aubl. (33 spp.)
 Tribus Limacieae Prantl
 Limacia Lour. (3 spp.)
 Tribus Tiliacoreae Miers
 Chondrodendron Ruiz & Pav. (3 spp.)
 Curarea Barneby & Krukoff (9 spp.)
 Ungulipetalum Moldenke (1 sp.)
 Sciadotenia Miers (19 spp.)
 Syrrheonema Miers (3 spp.)
 Carronia F. Muell. (4 spp.)
 Pycnarrhena Miers ex Hook. f. & Thomson (11 spp.)
 Beirnaertia Louis ex Troupin (1 sp.)
 Triclisia Benth. (20 spp.)
 Albertisia Becc. (22 spp.)
 Anisocycla Baill. (5 spp.)
 Tiliacora Colebr. (23 spp.)
 Macrococculus Becc. (1 sp.)
 Eleutharrhena Forman (1 sp.)
 Pleogyne Miers (1 sp.)
 Synclisia Benth. (2 spp.)
 Tribus Pachygoneae Miers
 Haematocarpus Miers (2 spp.)
 Hyperbaena Miers (23 spp.)
 Nephroia Lour. (3 spp.)
 Cocculus DC. (5 spp.)
 Pachygone Miers (12 spp.)
 Tribus Spirospermeae R. Ortiz & Wei Wang
 Rhaptonema Miers (7 spp.)
 Limaciopsis Engl. (1 sp.)
 Spirospermum Thouars (1 sp.)
 Strychnopsis Baill. (1 sp.)
 Tribus Cissampelideae Hook. f. & Thomson
 Stephania Lour. (71 spp.)
 Perichasma Miers (2 spp.)
 Antizoma Miers (3 spp.)
 Cissampelos L. (25 spp.)
 Cyclea Arn. ex Wight (28 spp.)

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Žabnjakolike

Menispermaceae


An Holttumochloa magica in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Henry Nicholas Ridley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Khoon Meng Wong. An Holttumochloa magica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Holttumochloa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Holttumochloa

Holttumochloa magica


චන්ද්‍ර මෙහෙයුම්

ප්‍රධාන ලිපිය: සද මතට ගොඩ බැසීම.

ඇ.එ.ජ සහ සෝවියට් සංගමය සාක්ෂාත් කරගත් ආකාශ පරීක්ෂණ, ඔවුන් ගෞරවනීය ජාතීන් බවට පත් කෙරුවද, ආකාශ තරගය ,පළමු මිනිසා සද මත ගොඩ බැසීම දක්වාම නොකඩවා පැවතුණි. මෙම ජයග්‍රහණයට පෙර මිනිසුන් රහිත යානා මගින් ලබාගත් ජායාරූප හරහා සද මට සුරක්ෂිතව ගොඩ බැසීමට ඇති හැකියාව තහවුරු කර ගන්නා ලදී.

සද මත ගොඩ බැසීම

සෝවියට් සංගම සාර්ථක වීමෙන් පසු ඇ.එ.ජ ජනාධ්පති ජෝන් .එෆ්. කෙන්ඩි හා උප ජනාධිපති ලින්ඩන්. බී .ජොන්සන්, මහජන අවධානය තමා වෙත යොමු කර ගත හැකි ව්‍යාපෘතියක් වෙත අවධානය යොමු කරන්නක් විය "ඇපලෝ" ව්‍යාපෘතිය හරහා ඔවුන්ගේ අරමුණු බොහොමයක් සාක්ෂාත් කර ගැනීමට සමත් වූ අතර, වාමවාදී(සමාජ ව්‍යාපෘති කෙරෙහි අවධානය යොමු කල ) සහ දක්ෂිණ වාදී(හමුදා ව්‍යාපෘති කෙරෙහි අවධනය යොමු කල ) දේශපාලකයන්ගේ විවාදයන් පරාජ කිරීමටද හේතු විය.

ඇපලෝ ව්‍යාපෘතියේ ප්‍රයෝජන අතර,

-මීළග මැතිවරණයේ ප්‍රධාන ආර්ථික ප්‍රකාශන සාක්ෂාත් කර ගැනීමට හැකි වීම

-1960 මැතිවරනයේදී කෙන්ඩි ප්‍රකාශ කළ, දිවිත්ව ක්‍රියාකාරී තාක්ෂණයෙන් යුතු "මිසයිල හිඩැස පිරවීම".

-නව තාක්ෂණික දියුණුව අත්කර ගැනීම, ආදිය වැදගත්ය.

නාසා ආයතනය සමග සාකච්ජාවකදී එහි අධ්‍යක්ෂ, ජේම්ස් වෙබ්, කෙනඩි දක්වන පරිදි,

අපි කළ සියල්ලම සිදු කිරීමට වූයේ සද සම්බන්ශ්යෙන් ඉදිරිය ගැනීම රුසියානුවන් විසින් සිදු කිරීම සීමාකිරීමටයි.

එසේ නැතිනම් අපට එතරම් මුදලක් වියදම් කිරීමට හැකියාවක් නොලැබෙනු ඇත. මන්ද යත් මම ආකාශ පරීක්ෂණ සම්බන්දයෙන් එතරම් කැමැත්තක් දක්වන්නෙකු නොවන නිසාවෙනි.
වැය කල මුදල් සම්බන්ධයෙන් වන එකම සාධාරණීකරණය නම්, සොවියට් සංගමයට මේ පිළිබදව තිබූ ආධිපත්‍යට පහර දීමයි.

කෙනඩි සහ ජොන්සන් මහජජන මතයේ ආන්දෝලනය කළමනාකරණය කරගැනීමට සම්ත් විය. 1965 දී ඇමෙරිකානුවන් 58% ඇපලෝ ව්‍යාපෘතියට සිය කැමැත්ත ප්‍රකාශ් අක්‍ර තිබේ. එය 1963 සිට බලන විට 33% ක ඉහල යාමකි. 1963දී ජොන්සන් ඇ.එ.ජ ජනාධිපතිවීමෙන් පසුවද මේ සදහා ඔහුගේ සහයෝගය ලබා දුණි.

චන්ද්‍ර මෙහෙයුම්


An Trichocentrum ascendens in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni John Lindley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Mark W. Chase och Norris Hagan Williams. An Trichocentrum ascendens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Trichocentrum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Trichocentrum

Trichocentrum ascendens


Gordon Richard England (born September 15, 1937) is an American politician and businessman who was the U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense and twice served as the U.S. Secretary of the Navy in the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush.

Early life
England was born on September 15, 1937 in Baltimore, Maryland. England attended Mount Saint Joseph High School, graduating with the class of 1955. Both of England's parents were of English descent.

Education
England received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland, College Park in 1961 and an MBA from the Texas Christian University in 1975. He was a member of several fraternities including Beta Gamma Sigma (business), Omicron Delta Kappa (leadership) and Eta Kappa Nu (electrical engineering).

Career

England started his business career in 1966 at Honeywell where he was an engineer on the Project Gemini space program. He worked for Litton Industries as a program manager on the E-2C Hawkeye aircraft for the United States Navy. He was also CEO of GRE Consultants.

By 1977 he was employed by General Dynamics Fort Worth Division where he held various posts including Director of Avionics. He was later named as the Vice President of Engineering, and later President and general manager, of General Dynamics Land Systems Division, eventually transitioning back to General Dynamics Fort Worth as Division President. England remained in that post when General Dynamics sold the Fort Worth Division to Lockheed; later becoming President of that corporation for four years.

England returned to General Dynamics as Executive Vice President of the Combat Systems Group. He served from 1997 to 2001 as Executive Vice President of General Dynamics where he had overall responsibility for Information Systems and International sectors.

England transferred from the business world to government during the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush serving in a number of key roles, having previously served as a member of the Defense Science Board.

72nd Secretary of the Navy
England was a controversial choice for Secretary of the Navy due to his lack of any military service experience and his long career in the defense industry including his most recent appointment as Executive Vice President of General Dynamics Corporation.  Critics such as William D. Hartung, Head of the Arms Trade Resource Center, felt that it was inappropriate to appoint businessmen whose companies would be the prime benefactor of any increase in defense spending. U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld however had decided to make corporate experience one of the key requirements in his appointees as was reported in the Washington Times. This policy led to England's appointment alongside other leading industrialists including James Roche and Thomas E. White. England was sworn in on May 24, 2001. He is reported in The Washington Post as having announced that one of his key aims in the role was the development of "futuristic weapons to counter new types of threats emerging in the post-Soviet world."

The Washington Post reports that during his time in this role "England has joined with Adm. Vernon Clark, chief of naval operations, in directing some of the most sweeping change the service has seen in decades." The report goes on to list the following;

 Retiring dozens of ships
 Shedding thousands of jobs,
 Consolidating Navy and Marine Corps tactical aviation forces
 Juggling crew deployments to keep some ships at sea longer
 Devising plans to surge more warships into action faster during a crisis.

By an instruction dated May 31, 2002, England directed all United States Navy ships to fly the first navy jack in honor of those killed in the September 11, 2001 attacks. The jack is to be flown for the duration of the War on Terrorism.

England left the post in January 2003 for a new position within the administration.

1st Deputy Secretary for Homeland Security

On January 24, 2003 England took up his new role as Deputy Secretary for Homeland Security in the newly formed United States Department of Homeland Security.  Although England's stint in this post was brief, a close associate quoted in The Washington Post states that it "broadened his exposure to the White House and his 'contact base' in Washington."

73rd Secretary of the Navy
England was recalled to once again take on the role of Secretary of the Navy after just a few months following the suicide of his nominated replacement Colin R. McMillan.  England was sworn in on October 1, 2003 becoming only the second person to hold the post twice and the first to serve back-to-back terms. According to a close associate quoted in The Washington Post, England's time in the United States Department of Homeland Security had "expanded [his] view of the administration's war on terrorism", which led to a number of initiatives that he pursued in his second term at the Pentagon including stronger ties between the Navy and Coast Guard and a greater assistance to Marines on the front lines in Iraq

In June 2004, a Supreme Court ruling granted prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba the right to plead their cases in U.S. courts. As the BBC pointed out the 600 detainees had been in legal limbo since their capture during the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan, during which time only three detainees had been charged and several dozen had been sent back home following diplomatic pressure from other nations. England was appointed to head the review that was conducted in secret by a panel consisting of three military officers to whom prisoners were given the chance to provide facts to support their case for release. England made clear that "The question is: Are they still threats to America? It's not guilt or innocence." As a result of this review 38 prisoners were released due to a lack of evidence that England referred to as 'thin files'.

England was succeeded as Secretary of the Navy by Donald C. Winter.

Deputy Secretary of Defense
England was nominated as Deputy Secretary of Defense on May 13, 2005 and immediately took up the role in an acting capacity while awaiting his confirmation. His replacement of Paul Wolfowitz has been looked upon favorably in the media with The Washington Post commenting, "England has a reputation for being less ideological than Wolfowitz and more attuned to the administrative demands of the Pentagon's second-ranking civilian job'" but critics still maintain that his prime loyalty remains to the defense industry.  England was recess appointed to the full Deputy Secretary position on January 4, 2006 by President Bush. He resigned with the incoming Obama administration.

Acting Secretary of Defense
On January 22, 2009, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates told reporters he would hand off his duties to Gordon R. England during his January 23 surgery. On January 23, 2009, while Gates underwent two hours of surgery to repair a torn tendon in his left biceps, Gordon England was in charge of the Pentagon. England continued this service while Gates recovered from the surgery. During this time, England was the acting Defense Secretary.

Other activities and awards
England has been involved with various civic, charitable and government organizations. He was a city councilman, as well as vice-chair on the board of Goodwill Industries. He was on the USO's Board of Governors, the Defense Science Board, the Board of Visitors at Texas Christian University, and others.

He has been recognized for numerous professional and service contributions from multiple organizations such as Distinguished Alumnus Award from the University of Maryland; the Department of Defense Distinguished Public Service Award; the Silver Beaver Award from the Boy Scouts of America; the Silver Knight of Management Award from the National Management Association; the Henry M. Jackson Award and the IEEE Centennial Award.

England was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2012 for advances in digital avionics for aircraft, land, and naval platforms. He is also a member of the Naval Order of the United States.

Notes

References
Bradley Graham, "Wolfowitz Successor Picked: Navy Secretary Is Bush's Choice for No. 2 Defense Job" The Washington Post, April 1, 2005
William D. Hartung, "How Much Are You Making on the War, Daddy?", Bantum Books, 2003
Rowan Scarborough, "Rumsfeld's 'Defense Inc.' Reasserts Civilian Control", The Washington Times, April 24, 2001 (requires registration)
"US to review Guantanamo prisoners" BBC News, June 24, 2004

External links

Gordon R. England, White House biography

1937 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Baltimore
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Texas Christian University alumni
United States Department of Homeland Security officials
George W. Bush administration personnel
United States Deputy Secretaries of Defense
United States Secretaries of the Navy
Recess appointments during the George W. Bush administration
Maryland Republicans
United States Deputy Secretaries of Homeland Security

Gordon R. England


Condlae mac Cóelbad (fl. fin du  siècle) est un roi de Dál nAraidi, contemporain de  Saint Patrick. Il est le fils de  Cóelbad mac Cruind Ba Druí, un Ard ri Erenn et roi d'Ulster et le frère cadet d'un précédent souverain du Dál nAraidi Sárán mac Cóelbad

Contexte
Son existence n'est pas datée; son nom est uniquement relevée dans les « Listes de Rois » et n'est pas mentionné dans les Chroniques d'Irlande. La Vita tripartita Sancti Patricii relate qu'il reçoit Patrick avec humilité et lui fait don de  Domnach Combair, c'est-à-dire Muckamore, dans l'actuel comté d'Antrim pour y établir une église. En remerciement Patrick lui donne ainsi qu'à ses descendants sa bénédiction alors que son frère Sárán s'était violement opposé à lui.

Les descendants de Condlae les Uí Chóelbad contrôleront ensuite le royaume. Son fils Eochaid mac Condlai (mort en 553) sera même roi d'Ulad.

Notes et références

Sources
 .

Roi de Dál nAraidi au Ve siècle
Date de décès incertaine (Ve siècle)

Condlae mac Cóelbad


Bruno César Zanaki (* 3. November 1988 in Santa Bárbara d'Oeste) ist ein brasilianischer Fußballspieler, der derzeit beim CR Vasco da Gama unter Vertrag steht.

Karriere

Vereine
Bruno César begann das Fußballspielen beim União Barbarense. 2005 wechselte er zu Bahia, wo er mit seiner Mannschaft die Meisterschaft gewann. In dieser Zeit spielte er noch als Stürmer und erzielte 23 Tore. Durch seine Leistung fiel er dem FC São Paulo auf, wo er auch ab 2006 spielte. Dort wurde er bei den Junioren im U-19-Turnier Copa Sao Paulo Jr. eingesetzt. Ab 2007 spielte er ohne Erfolg im Jugendverein von Palmeiras, wo er nach einem Jahr zu Grêmio wechselte, dort blieb er weiterhin erfolglos. Im Frühjahr 2009 im Dienst von Ulbra erzielte er in drei Spielen zwei Tore und so machte er wieder auf sich aufmerksam. Dies brachte ihn direkt zum EC Noroeste. Seine konstant guten Leistungen führten ihn Ende 2009 zu EC Santo André. Dort gehörte er nach kurzer Zeit zu den wichtigsten Spielern im Team.

Nach einer großartigen Meisterschaft verhalf er seiner Mannschaft zum zweiten Platz, womit er die brasilianischen Spitzenclubs auf sich aufmerksam machte und im Mai 2010 einen Vertrag bei Corinthians São Paulo unterschrieb. Ende 2010 wurde Bruno César ausgezeichnet als größte Entdeckung in Brasilien 2010 und als größte Entdeckung der Staatsmeisterschaft von São Paulo 2010.

Bruno César unterschrieb im Sommer 2011 einen Vertrag für sechs Jahre bei Benfica Lissabon. Dieser Transfer kostete den Verein rund fünf Millionen Euro Ablöse. In seinem ersten Ligaspiel für Benfica Lissabon gegen CD Feirense schoss Bruno César sein erstes Tor für Benfica. Im ersten Jahr kam er in fast allen Spielen zum Einsatz und erzielte insgesamt 16 Tore. Mit Benfica Lissabon gewann César in dieser Saison die Taça da Liga.

Für die folgende Saison wurde er vom Trainer Jorge Jesus nicht wie gewünscht berücksichtigt und wechselte deshalb zum saudischen Erstligisten Al-Ahli Dschidda. Der Mittelfeldspieler unterschrieb einen Vertrag bis Sommer 2016. Im Frühjahr 2014 kehrte er auf Leihbasis nach Brasilien zurück und spielt seit dem Zeitpunkt für den Profiverein von Palmeiras São Paulo. Danach erhielt Palmeiras eine Kauf-Option von rund fünf Millionen Euro, die sie nicht berücksichtigten.

Zur Saison 2015/16 beendete César seinen bis Sommer 2016 laufenden Vertrag mit Al-Ahli Dschidda vorzeitig und wechselte zum GD Estoril Praia in Portugal. Bereits drei Monate nach Beginn der Saison, wurde er von Sporting Lissabon abgeworben. Er unterschrieb ein Vertrag mit Sporting Lissabon bis 2020 und eine Kündigungsklausel im Wert von 60 Millionen Euro, konnte sein erstes Spiel aber erst nach dem Wintertransfer bestreiten.

Zu Jahresbeginn 2019 ging César in seine Heimat zurück. Hier erhielt einen Kontrakt beim CR Vasco da Gama. Im Oktober 2020 wurde er nach Portugal an den FC Penafiel ausgeliehen. Ende Juli 2021 wechselte er dann ablösefrei fest zu Penafiel. Nach Beendigung der Saison 2022/23 war er ohne weitere Anstellung. Erst im April 2023 erhielt eine beim EC XV de Novembro (Piracicaba).

Nationalmannschaft
Bruno César feierte sein Debüt für das Nationalteam beim 2:0-Sieg gegen die Gabunische Nationalmannschaft am 10. November 2011.

Erfolge
Verein
 Portugiesischer Ligapokalsieger: 2012
 Saudi Crown-Prince-Cup: 2014
 Taça Guanabara: 2019 (mit Vasco)

Auszeichnungen
 Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão: Entdeckung des Jahres 2010

Weblinks

 Spielerprofil in der Datenbank von de.uefa.com

Einzelnachweise

Fußballnationalspieler (Brasilien)
Fußballspieler (EC Noroeste)
Fußballspieler (EC Santo André)
Fußballspieler (Corinthians São Paulo)
Fußballspieler (Benfica Lissabon)
Fußballspieler (al-Ahli, Saudi-Arabien)
Fußballspieler (Palmeiras São Paulo)
Fußballspieler (GD Estoril Praia)
Fußballspieler (Sporting Lissabon)
Fußballspieler (CR Vasco da Gama)
Fußballspieler (FC Penafiel)
Fußballspieler (EC XV de Novembro, Piracicaba)
Brasilianer
Geboren 1988
Mann

Bruno César


Kosmisk strålespallation  er en form for naturligt forekommende kernefission og nukleosyntese. Det henviser til dannelsen af grundstoffer fra kosmisk strålings påvirkning af et objekt. Kosmiske stråler er stærkt energiladede partikler fra udenfor Jorden, heriblandt protoner, alfapartikler og kerne fra mange tungere grundstoffer. Omkring 1% af kosmiske stråler består også af frie elektroner.

Kosmiske stråler forårsager spallation når en strålepartikel (f.eks. en proton) rammer stof, heriblandt andre kosmiske stråler. Resultatet af sammenstødet er udsendelsen af et stort antal nukleoner (protoner og neutroner) fra det ramte objekt. Denne proces foregår ikke kun i det ydre rum, men også i Jordens øvre atmosfære og skorpeoverflade (typisk de øvre ti meter) på grund af det konstante sammenstød af kosmiske stråler.

Nukleosyntese
Kernefysik

Kosmisk strålespallation


Anna (, ), også kaldet profetinden Anna, er en bibelsk kvinde omtalt i Lukasevangeliet i Det Nye Testamente. Ifølge evangeliet var hun en ældre jødisk kvinde, som profeterede om Jesus i templet i Jerusalem. Hun optræder i kapitel 2 i Lukasevangeliet i forbindelse med, at Jesus blev fremstillet for Herren i templet.

Det Nye Testamente

Ud fra disse tre vers ved man altså følgende: Anna var profetinde, hun var datter af Fanuel og tilhørte Ashers stamme. Hun var 84 år og enke efter at have været gift i syv år med en mand (hvis navn ikke er kendt), og hun var en troende jøde, der praktiserede både faste og bøn.

Tradition
I den romersk-katolske og den græsk-ortodokse kirke æres hun som helgen under navnet "profetinden Anna". Den ortodokse kirke betragter hende og Simeon som de sidste profeter i Det Gamle Testamente og mindes hende 3./16. februar som syntaxis (efterfest) efter fremstillingen af Jesus i templet. I den romersk-katolske kirkes byzantinske tradition mindes Anna og Simeon 3. februar.

Med syv års ægteskab og en alder på syv gange tolv år karakteriseres hun med symbolske tal. Anna er den eneste kvinde i Det Nye Testamente, som kaldes profetinde.

Anna er nogle gange beskrevet som jomfru Marias mor, men Marias forældre er ikke omtalt i Bibelen. Denne status stammer fra legendemateriale i form af den apokryfe Jakobs Forevangelium. Den Anna, der her optræder som Marias mor, låner træk fra skikkelser i Det Gamle Testamente som Sara, Abrahams hustru, Hanna, mor til Samuel fra Første Samuelsbog samt Samsons mor.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Personer i Det Nye Testamente

Anna (bibelsk person)


Historiens Dag var et landsdækkende initiativ for at udbrede kendskabet til og forståelsen for den danske kulturarv som blev arrangeret fra 2005 til 2008. Den blev indstiftet i 2004 af Kulturministeriet, og blev afholdt første gang den 22. maj 2005. Målgruppen for Historiens Dag var børn i selskab med voksne, og det blev koordineret af Kulturarvsstyrelsen.

Museer, biblioteker, arkiver og foreninger kunne tilmelde arrangementer til Historiens Dag, og det første år deltog sammenlagt omkring 600 seværdigheder med forbindelse til historie og kultur deltog, mens ca. 45.000 besøgte arrangementet over hele landet. Blandt de deltagende museer var Moesgaard Museum, Museet på Koldinghus, Fregatten Jylland, Vikingeskibsmuseet, Middelaldercentret, Limfjordsmuseet og Øregaard Museum. Cinemateket i København deltog også.

I 2006 blev Historiens Dag afholdt den 30. april med hovedtemaet "Børns Leg i Historien".
I 2007, hvor arrangementet foregik 3. juni, blev det bestemt fra Kulturministeriet og den daværende kulturminister Brian Mikkelsen, at temaet for Historiens Dag skulle være "børn i industrihistorien". I 2008 var temaet "jagten på historien", og det blev afholdt 1. juni. 2008 var det sidste år, hvor Historien Dag blev afholdt.

Referencer

Dag
Kulturelle begivenheder
Etableret i 2005
Ophørt i 2008

Historiens Dag


El Círculo de los Zutistas (en francés : Cercle des poètes Zutiques)  fue un grupo de poetas que se reunía en el Hôtel des Étrangers (Hotel de los extranjeros o también traducible como Hotel de los extraños), en el boulevard Saint-Michel de París a finales de 1871. Algunos de los poetas que formaban parte de él eran Charles Cros, Arthur Rimbaud, Paul Verlaine, André Gill, Ernest Cabaner, Léon Valade y Camille Pelletan.

Ernest Cabaner era el barman en dicho hotel. En una de las habitaciones se hospedó Rimbaud en octubre y noviembre de 1871.

De las reuniones de este grupo se conserva el Album Zutique, en el cual caricaturizaban los poetas parnasianos  (especialmente a François Coppée)  a través de poemas paródicos  y dibujos.

Bibliografía
 Album zutique : présentation, transcription typographique et commentaires, por Pascal Pia, Ginebra, Éditions Slatkine, 1981,

Escritores de Francia
Arthur Rimbaud
Paul Verlaine
Parodistas

El Círculo de los Zutistas


ASP.NET, Microsoftovo razvojno okruženje (framework) otvorenog koda za pisanje dinamičnih web aplikacija
Afro-širaska stranka
ASP (pištolj)
Armament Systems and Procedures
Active Server Pages
Advanced Simple Profile, video kodek za MPEG-4
Audio Signal Processor
ASP (glazbeni sastav), njemački gotski metal sastav
Angle–sensitive pixel, senzor u CMOS-u
asparaginska kiselina
Akademija lijepih umjetnosti Jan Matejko u Krakovu

ASP


O Oslyabya (Ослябя) foi um couraçado pré-dreadnought operado pela Marinha Imperial Russa e a segunda embarcação da Classe Peresvet, depois do  e seguido pelo . Sua construção começou em novembro de 1895 no Novo Estaleiro do Almirantado e foi lançado ao mar em novembro de 1898, sendo comissionado na frota russa em meados de 1903. Era armado com quatro canhões de 254 milímetros em duas torres de artilharia duplas, tinha um deslocamento de catorze mil toneladas e conseguia alcançar uma velocidade máxima de dezoito nós.

A embarcação foi designada para atuar na Esquadra do Pacífico logo depois de entrar em serviço, porém encalhou no caminho e isto atrasou sua viagem, com a Guerra Russo-Japonesa começando nesse meio tempo, assim o Oslyabya voltou para casa. Ele foi então colocado na 2ª Esquadra do Pacífico como a capitânia do contra-almirante Dmitri von Fölkersahm, realizando a viagem até o Extremo Oriente. A força russa foi atacada pelos japoneses na Batalha de Tsushima em 27 de maio de 1905, com o couraçado sendo o primeiro navio afundado pela artilharia inimiga.

Características

O projeto da Classe Peresvet foi inspirado pelos couraçados de segunda linha britânicos da Classe Centurion. Estes tinham a intenção de derrotarem possíveis navios corsários em tempos de guerra como os cruzadores blindados russos mais novos, assim a Classe Peresvet foi concebida para apoiar os cruzadores. Este papel enfatizava alta velocidade e autonomia em detrimento de armamento e blindagem pesadas.

O Oslyabya tinha 132,4 metros de comprimento de fora a fora, uma boca de 21,79 metros e um calado de oito metros. Foi projetado para ter um deslocamento de  toneladas, mas foi finalizado com um sobrepeso de quase duas mil toneladas e seu deslocamento era na realidade de  toneladas. Seu sistema de propulsão consistia em trinta caldeiras Belleville que alimentavam três motores verticais de tripla-expansão. Estes tinham uma potência indicada de 14,5 mil cavalos-vapor (10,7 mil quilowatts) para uma velocidade máxima de dezoito nós (33 quilômetros por hora). Entretanto, o navio alcançou 18,33 nós (33,95 quilômetros por hora) a partir de  cavalos-vapor ( quilowatts) durante seus testes marítimos. Podia carregar até  toneladas de carvão, o que proporcionava uma autonomia de 6,2 mil milhas náuticas (11,5 mil quilômetros) e uma velocidade de dez nós (dezenove quilômetros por hora). Sua tripulação era formada por 27 oficiais e 744 marinheiros.

Sua bateria principal consistia em quatro canhões Padrão 1891 calibre 45 de 254 milímetros montados em duas torres de artilharia duplas, uma à vante e outra à ré da superestrutura. O armamento secundário tinha onze canhões Canet Padrão 1892 calibre 45 de 152 milímetros em casamatas nas laterais do casco e na proa abaixo do castelo de proa. Também haviam várias armas menores para defesa contra barcos torpedeiros: vinte canhões Padrão 1892 calibre 50 de 75 milímetros, vinte canhões Hotchkiss de 47 milímetros e oito canhões Hotchkiss de 37 milímetros. Também era equipado com cinco tubos de torpedo de 381 milímetros, mais 45 minas navais para proteção de ancoradouros.

O cinturão principal de blindagem do Oslyabya era feito de aço Harvey e tinha entre 102 e 229 milímetros de espessura. Ele tinha 2,4 metros de altura, dos quais 91 centímetros deveriam ficar acima da linha de flutuação, porém devido ao sobrepeso apenas 7,6 centímetros ficavam acima da linha de flutuação quando o navio estava em deslocamento normal, enquanto em deslocamento carregado o cinturão ficava totalmente submerso, com sua única proteção sendo um cinturão superior com 102 milímetros. A proteção das torres de artilharia era feita de aço cimentado Krupp e suas laterais tinham 229 milímetros, enquanto o convés tinha entre 51 e 76 milímetros.

História

O Oslyabya foi nomeado em homenagem a Rodion Oslyabya, um monge do século XIV e um herói da Batalha de Culicovo de 1380. Seu batimento de quilha ocorreu em 21 de novembro de 1895 no Novo Estaleiro do Almirantado em São Petersburgo e foi lançado ao mar em 8 de novembro de 1898. Problemas no estaleiro adiaram sua finalização até 1903, tendo custado 11,34 milhões de rublos. O navio partiu para Porto Artur na China em 7 de agosto de 1903 junto com o cruzador blindado Bayan, entretanto o couraçado encalhou no Estreito de Gibraltar em 21 de agosto e ficou sob reparos até novembro, primeiro na Argélia e depois na Itália. Retomou sua viagem para o Extremo Oriente ao final dos reparos, porém foi chamado de volta em 12 de fevereiro de 1904 para se juntar à Frota do Báltico, três dias depois do início da Guerra Russo-Japonesa. Chegou em São Petersburgo em abril e foi equipado com telêmetros Barr & Stroud de 4,5 metros, miras telescópicas, um novo sistema de ventilação e um equipamento de rádio Telefunken.

Guerra Russo-Japonesa
A estratégia russa desde 1897 era de enviar navios da Frota do Báltico para o Extremo Oriente em caso de uma guerra contra o Japão, enquanto as forças em Porto Artur deveriam evitar uma batalha geral com a frota inimiga até que os reforços chegassem. O Oslyabya, servindo como a capitânia do contra-almirante barão Dmitri von Fölkersam, e o resto da 2ª Esquadra do Pacífico deixaram Libau rumo a Porto Artur em 15 de outubro de 1904. A força estava sob o comando geral do vice-almirante Zinovi Rozhestvenski. Segundo o historiador Mark Schrad, "Esta épica jornada de [29 mil quilômetros] foi a viagem mais longa de uma frota de couraçados a carvão na história".

O Oslyabya colidiu com o contratorpedeiro Buistri no caminho para a Dinamarca, sendo levemente danificado. A esquadra chegou em Tânger no Marrocos em 28 de outubro e Rozhestvenski ordenou que seus couraçados mais antigos seguissem pelo Mar Mediterrâneo e Mar Vermelho sob o comando de Fölkersam e se encontrassem com a força principal em Madagascar. Rozhestvenski liderou o resto da esquadra, incluindo o Oslyabya, ao redor do Cabo da Boa Esperança até chegar em Nosy Be, ao noroeste de Madagascar, em 9 de janeiro de 1905. Os russos permaneceram no local por dois meses enquanto Rozhestvenski finalizava arranjos de reabastecimento. Porto Artur nessa altura já tinha se rendido e assim a esquadra não poderia reabastecer lá, muito menos contar com os navios que estavam no local. Rozhestvenski reuniu sua esquadra e partiu em 16 de março para a Baía de Cam Ranh na Indochina Francesa, chegando quase um mês depois para esperar pelas embarcações obsoletas da 3ª Esquadra do Pacífico do contra-almirante Nikolai Nebogatov. Estes chegaram em Cam Ranh em 9 de maio e a força combinada partiu para Vladivostok cinco dias depois.

Rozhestvenski reorganizou seus navios em três divisões táticas no caminho para a iminente batalha contra os japoneses: a primeira divisão consistia nos quatro couraçados mais modernos da Classe Borodino e era comandada por ele mesmo, a segunda tinha o Oslyabya,  e  mais o cruzador blindado Admiral Nakhimov e era comandada por Fölkersam, enquanto Nebogatov continuou com seus navios na terceira divisão. Fölkersam estava doente de câncer e morreu a bordo do Oslyabya em 26 de maio, porém Rozhestvenski decidiu manter isso em segredo do resto da frota para não diminuir a moral. O capitão de 1ª patente Vladimir Ber, oficial comandante do Oslyabya, se tornou o novo comandante da segunda divisão, enquanto Nebogatov não ficou sabendo que agora era o segundo em comando da esquadra.

Tsushima

Os russos foram avistados na manhã de 27 de maio enquanto aproximavam-se do Estreito de Tsushima, resultando na Batalha de Tsushima. O Oslyabya liderou a segunda divisão e inicialmente foi o alvo de pelos menos dois couraçados inimigos e um cruzador blindado quando os japoneses abriram fogo às 14h10min. Rozhestvenski, enquanto os japoneses se aproximavam, ordenou que a esquadra entrasse em uma formação de colunas paralelas, com o Oslyabya sendo forçado a quase parar a fim de evitar bater no couraçado , a última embarcação da divisão de Rozhestvenski. Os projéteis japoneses começaram então a acertar e infligir danos, incapacitando seu telêmetro, ferindo o oficial de artilharia e cortando os cabos que conectavam os canhões ao sistema de controle de disparo. Outros acertos derrubaram seu mastro principal e incapacitaram a torre de artilharia de vante e três canhões de 152 milímetros de bombordo. Estilhaços de um dos acertos entraram na torre de comando, matando o quartel-mestre e ferindo a maioria dos homens dentro. Isto fez o Oslyabya sair de formação para estibordo e tornou-se o alvo de seis cruzadores blindados a curta-distância. Vários projéteis acertaram a região da linha de flutuação e causaram grandes inundações, abrindo buracos suficiente na proa para que seu movimento para frente fizesse mais água entrar no casco, criando um adernamento para bombordo. Uma contrainundação do depósito de munição de vante de estibordo foi ordenada em uma tentativa de controlar o adernamento, mas isto apenas adicionou mais peso na proa e acabou com sua estabilidade. O adernamento aumentou para doze graus às 14h20min, inundando muitas das armas mais baixas. A água chegou nas chaminés por volta das 15h10min e Bey emitiu ordem de abandonar o navio. O Oslyabya afundou alguns minutos depois com sua hélice de estibordo ainda girando, tendo sido o primeiro couraçado todo de aço a ser afundado apenas por artilharia naval. O número de mortos varia entre 470 e 514, incluindo Bey, enquanto o número de sobreviventes é dado entre 376 e 385.

Referências

Bibliografia

Ligações externas

Classe Peresvet
Navios de 1898
Navios construídos na Rússia
Couraçados da Marinha Imperial Russa
Couraçados da Rússia na Guerra Russo-Japonesa
Naufrágios da Guerra Russo-Japonesa

Oslyabya (couraçado)


Eliza Maria Ferreira Veras da Silva (Ituberá, 1944) é uma matemática, professora e cientista brasileira.

Ela é a primeira mulher negra a obter um doutorado em matemática no Brasil.

Biografia

Anos iniciais
Nascida e criada no interior da Bahia, Eliza Maria Ferreira é filha de um casal que teve cinco filhos. Ela iniciou os seus estudos no ensino primário na cidade de Gandu, tendo concluído os ensinos ginasial e o pedagógico na cidade de Jequié, cidades próximas de sua cidade natal. Durante sua infância e juventude, sua mãe (Dahil Ferreira) desempenhou um papel central em sua criação, tendo cuidado dela e de seus irmãos sozinha.

O desempenho escolar acima da média no último ano do ensino pedagógico em Jequié, quando obteve média 10 (dez) em todas as disciplinas possibilitou que ela fosse premiada com a Bolsa Phillips da Holanda.

Após passar em segundo lugar no vestibular de Matemática da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), na década de 1960, Eliza Veras se muda para Salvador onde cursa a graduação em matemática e, ao mesmo tempo, trabalhou como professora do ensino primário.

Vida acadêmica e profissional

Ela se graduou como bacharel e licenciada em Matemática pela UFBA no ano de 1967., enfrentando os desafios sociais que ainda atingiam as mulheres negras desde 1946 quando a primeira mulher negra (Araci Coelho Esteves) concluiu uma graduação de matemática na UFBA.

Em 1968, Eliza Veras foi aprovada no concurso para professora do Colégio Central da Bahia e, também, foi nomeada como professora algebrista no Instituto de Matemática e Estatística da UFBA (IME-UFBA).

Ela obteve a oportunidade de ir estudar na França, após obter Bolsa da UNESCO para cursar o mestrado em Matemática na Universidade de Montpellier. Depois de ter concluído o seu curso de mestrado, ela foi aprovada no concurso de professora assistente no IME-UFBA, onde lecionou na graduação e na pós-graduação stricto sensu de matemática.

Eliza Veras concluiu o seu doutorado em matemática em 1977 na mesma Universidade de Montpellier, onde estudou com bolsa do Governo da França e defendeu tese sobre álgebras não-associativas, sob orientação do professor Artibano Micali.

Ela é reconhecida como uma das pioneiras do estudo da Matemática na região nordestina e, apesar de Maria Laura Moura Mouzinho Leite Lopes ter obtido o seu doutorado em matemática em 1949, Eliza Veras se destaca entre as cientistas negras brasileiras, pois ela é uma das pioneiras entre essas mulheres nesse campo de estudos das ciências exatas.

Além das atividades docentes e de pesquisa nas ciências matemáticas, Eliza Veras da Silva foi vice-diretora do IME-UFBA entre 1984 e 1988.

Ver também
 Matemática
 Cientista

Matemáticos do Brasil
Alunos da Universidade Federal da Bahia
Alunos da Universidade de Montpellier
Afro-brasileiras
Cientistas afro-brasileiros
Naturais de Ituberá
Professores da Universidade Federal da Bahia
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Mulheres)

Eliza Maria Ferreira Veras da Silva


Samantha Kinghorn, née le  à Melrose (Écosse), est une athlète handisport britannique concourant en T53 pour les athlètes en fauteuil roulant. Elle détient trois titres européens (100 m, 400 m et 800 m en 2014) et deux titres mondiaux (100 m et 200 m en 2017).

Carrière
À l'âge de 14 ans, elle est écrasée par un chariot élévateur, accident qui la laisse paralysée sous la ceinture. Quatre ans plus tard, elle fait ses débuts internationaux lors des Jeux du Commonwealth de 2014 à Glasgow où elle termine  du 1 500 m T54.

Après n'avoir pas réussi à monter sur un podium des Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2016, elle repart des Jeux de 2020 avec le bronze sur le 100 m derrière la Chinoise Gao Fang. Le lendemain, elle rafle une seconde médaille d'argent, sur le 400 m T53 cette fois.

Aux Mondiaux 2017, elle réussit le double 100 m/200 m T53 mais ne réussit pas à conserver ses titres deux ans plus tard. Lors des Championnats du monde 2019, Kinghorn remporte une médaille de bronze sur le 100 m T53.

Palmarès

Jeux paralympiques

 Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2016 à Rio de Janeiro :
  du 100 m T53
  du 800 m T53
 Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2020 à Tokyo :
  400 m T53
  100 m T53

Championnats du monde

 Championnats du monde 2015 à Doha :
  200 m T53
 Championnats du monde 2017 à Londres :
  100 m T53
  200 m T53
  400 m T53

 Championnats du monde 2019 à Dubaï :
  100 m T53

Références

Liens externes

Athlète (femme) handisport britannique
Coureuse de 100 mètres
Coureuse de 200 mètres
Coureuse de 400 mètres
Médaillée d'argent paralympique britannique
Médaillée de bronze paralympique britannique
Athlète (femme) aux Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2016
Athlète (femme) aux Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2020
Naissance en janvier 1996
Naissance à Melrose (Écosse)

Samantha Kinghorn


بلدية كواينتانا دي لا سيرينا , هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة بطليوس, التي تقع في منطقة إكستريمادورا, والتي تقع في غرب إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 5.150 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2002).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في بطليوس
بلديات بطليوس

كواينتانا دي لا سيرينا


W.E. también llamada Wallis y Eduardo: El romance del siglo, es una película dirigida y coescrita por Madonna que se estrenó el 3 de febrero de 2012 en Estados Unidos.

Sinopsis
"Dos historias paralelas, la primera de ellas es la del rey Eduardo VIII, que abdicó para poder casarse con la americana Wallis Simpson. La segunda, ya en nuestros días, es la de una mujer casada, y maltratada por su marido, obsesionada con el personaje de Simpson y que vive un hermoso romance con un hombre culto, refugiado del este, que se gana la vida como guardia de seguridad".

Reparto
 Annabelle Wallis como Arabella Green.
 Abbie Cornish como Wally Winthrop.
 Natalie Dormer como Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.
 Andrea Riseborough como Wallis Simpson.
 James D'Arcy como el Rey Eduardo VIII.
 James Fox como Jorge V.
 Katie McGrath como Lady Thelma Furness.
 Laurence Fox como Bertie.
 Oscar Isaac como Evgeni.
 Richard Coyle como William.
 David Harbour como Ernest.

Producción
En octubre de 2009, el Daily Mail informó que Madonna dirigiría W.E Se desarrolló el guion con el director Alek Keshishian.

Es la segunda película como directora de Madonna.

Promoción

En febrero de 2011 Madonna llevó a cabo una proyección privada de W.E. en el Festival de Cine de Berlín. The Weinstein Company promovió la película como la primera de Madonna de larga duración como directora, ya que su anterior filme dirigido, Filth and Wisdom, se consideró un cortometraje por su tiempo de ejecución de 81 minutos.

Madonna esperaba estrenar la película en el Festival de Cine de Cannes, pero no pudo hacerlo, ya que todavía estaba haciendo toques finales a la banda de sonido y hubo tres semanas más de posproducción para completarla antes que estuviera lista para ser proyectada de acuerdo con un público internacional. Un representante del festival de cine dijo que, "Si bien los distribuidores de la película van a asistir al festival, ofrecerá una presentación, para seleccionar los cortes a los compradores en proyecciones privadas en lugar de mostrar la herramienta".

La película se presentó en el festival de cine de Venecia el 1 de septiembre de 2011, en donde asistieron al estreno Madonna junto a los actores principales.

También la presentaron en el Festival Internacional de cine de Toronto ese mismo mes. Las imágenes aparecieron en septiembre de 2011 en la revista Vanity Fair.

El último evento en la que se presentó fue en el Festival de Cine de Londres, el 23 de octubre de 2011, acompañada por todos los actores principales de la película.

Críticas
En el festival de Venecia y Toronto, W.E. no recibió buenas críticas. Debido a las críticas negativas, The Weinstein Company, quien era la encargada de la distribución, instó a la cantante a solucionar ese problema. Madonna decidió recortar diez minutos del filme y la llevó al Festival de cine de Londres el 23 de octubre.

Premio(s) y nominaciones
Globo de Oro

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Crítica en Metacritic

Películas dirigidas por Madonna
Jorge VI del Reino Unido en la cultura popular
Películas de The Weinstein Company
Representaciones culturales de Eduardo VIII
Representaciones culturales de Jorge V

W.E.


Prva nogometna liga NR Slovenije je bila liga trećeg stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1947./48. Sudjelovalo je 8 klubova a prvak je bila momčad "Garnizona JNA" iz Ljubljane.

Ljestvica

 "Garnizon JNA" iz Ljubljane se spominje i kao "Garnizija JNA"

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Druga savezna liga 1947./48.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 exyufudbal.in.rs, Nogometno prvenstvo FNRJ 1947./48., Prva liga NR Slovenije, wayback arhiva
 Jože Volfand: 80 let nogometa v Celju, Celje, 1999.,  (Fit Media), str. 68

1947-48 1
SLO 1
1947-48 1 republička
1947-48

Prva nogometna liga NR Slovenije 1947./48.


Levent Kazak (d. 5 Mayıs 1967, Ankara), Türk senaryo yazarı, tiyatro ve sinema oyuncusudur.

Yaşam öyküsü
Adige asıllı bir ailede dünyaya gelmiştir. Beşiktaş Atatürk Lisesinden (BAL) 1985 yılında mezun oldu. Üniversitede ondan fazla bölümde okudu: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı, MSÜ Resim, MSÜ Heykel, MSÜ Tiyatro Dekor Kostüm, MÜ Konservatuvarı Tiyatro Bölümü, İÜ İtalyan Dili ve Edebiyatı, İÜ Yunan Dili ve Edebiyatı vs.

1986 yılında profesyonel olarak tiyatroya başladı. Yıllar içinde Altan Erbulak, Ali Poyrazoğlu, Alpay İzer, Bülent Kayabaş, Savaş Dinçel, İsmet Ay gibi tiyatro ustalarıyla aynı sahneyi paylaştı. Otuza yakın tiyatro eserinde oynadı, yazdı, çevirdi ve uyarladı.

1989 yılında genç bir ekiple birlikte (Peker Açıkalın, Nilüfer Açıkalın, Pelinsu Pir ve Levent Tülek) Kim Bunlar adlı bir TV dizisi yaptı. Tek kanallı dönemde yayınlanan program hafızalara kazındı, TV tarihinde bir klasik olarak yerini aldı.

Çocuk tiyatrosu ve çocuk programları yaptı.

2000'de O Şimdi Asker, 2002'de Neredesin Firuze ve 2003'te O Şimdi Mahkum'un senaryolarını yazdı.

2005 yılında Hacivat Karagöz Neden Öldürüldü? filminin senaryosunu yazdı. Ezel Akay'ın çektiği film 13. Altın Koza Film Festivali'nde en iyi yönetmen ve en iyi senaryo dallarında ödül aldı.

2010 yılında Mahir İpek, Memet Ali Alabora ve Serhat Kılıç ile beraber Türkmax kanalı için Heberler isimli mizahi bir haber programı yapmaya başlamıştır.

Barış Pirhasan, Gül Dirican ve Aylin Doğan ile birlikte Senaryo Stüdyosu adlı okulun kurucularındandır. Cezaevlerinde SENDER ile yürütülen Hayal Kurmak Serbest ve Akşehir Belediyesi ile gerçekleştirilen Çorba Çeşmesi adlı sosyal projelerin sahibidir.

Filmografi

Senarist olarak
 2002: O Şimdi Asker
 2003: Neredesin Firuze
 2004: O Şimdi Mahkum
 2005: Hacivat Karagöz Neden Öldürüldü?
 2015: Senden Bana Kalan
 2016: Kötü Kedi Şerafettin

Oyuncu olarak
 1987: Yolun Sonundaki Karanlık
 1999: Hemşo
 2002: O Şimdi Asker
 2003: O Şimdi Mahkum
 2005: Hacivat Karagöz Neden Öldürüldü?

Tiyatro: Oyuncu/Yazar/Çeviri
 xxxx: Sevimli Hayalet Pufidik
 1985: Aş Bunları Aş
 1987: Hamam (Steaming)
 1988: Hoşçakal İstanbul
 1989: Seçimler
 1990: Dünyalar
 1990: Çılgınlar Kulübü
 1991: Babam 9 Doğurdu
 1992: Çehov Yalta'da
 1993: Kelebekler Özgürdür
 2011: Cam
 2015: Kurusıkı

TV: Oyuncu/Yazar/Yönetmen
 1988: Kim Bunlar - TRT
 1990: Bol Bol Futbol - TRT
 1992: Gülen Ayva Ağlayan Nar - Star
 2010: Heberler - Türkmax

Ödüller
2006: 13. Altın Koza Film Festivali - En İyi Senaryo Ödülü - Hacivat Karagöz Neden Öldürüldü?

Kaynakça

1967 doğumlular
Ankara doğumlu erkek oyuncular
Adige asıllı Türkler
Türk erkek tiyatro oyuncuları
Türk erkek sinema oyuncuları
Türk senaristler
Yaşayan insanlar

Levent Kazak


Rieplos (niedersorbisch Rěpkow) ist ein Ortsteil von Storkow (Mark) im Landkreis Oder-Spree.

Geographie
Rieplos liegt in der Nähe der Autobahnanschlussstelle Storkow an der Bundesautobahn 12. Die vielbefahrene Landstraße 23 führt als Autobahnzubringer mitten durch den Ort.
Fußläufig erreichbar ist das Ostufer des Stahnsdorfer See. Auch der Lebbiner See kann über einen Weg entlang des Rieploser Fließes erreicht werden.

Geschichte
Rieplos wird 1444 zum ersten Mal urkundlich erwähnt. Nach Erlass des Kartoffelbefehls durch Friedrich II. im Jahre 1756 wurde in Rieplos der Kartoffelanbau betrieben. Auch heute liefert das ortsansässige Agrarunternehmen Berghof e.G. noch landwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse.

Am 26. Oktober 2003 wurde Rieplos nach Storkow (Mark) eingemeindet.

Weblinks
 Rieplos auf der Homepage der Stadt Storkow
 Webseite von Rieplos

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Landkreis Oder-Spree
Geographie (Storkow (Mark))
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Oder-Spree)
Gemeindeauflösung 2003
Naturpark Dahme-Heideseen
Ersterwähnung 1444

Rieplos


LEGO Minecraft er en produktlinje produceret af den danske legetøjskoncern LEGO, der er baseret på sandkasse-spillet Minecraft. Det blev introduceret i 2012.

Modtagelse
Mashable listede den første serie i Lego Minecraft som den mest kreative gave i julesæsonen 2012. Magasinet Forbes skrev i december 2012, at det første sæt i serien var fuldstændigt udsolgt som følge af detes store popularitet.

I 2015 blev The Nether Fortress (sætnummer 21122) nomineret til "DreamToys" i kategorien Build It And They Will Thrive af Toy Retailers Association.

I 2022 bæev The Mushroom House (sætnummer 21179) nomineret til "DreamToys" i kategorien Video Game Inspired category af Toy Retailers Association.

Se også
 Lego Overwatch
 Lego The Angry Birds Movie
 Lego Super Mario
 Lego BrickHeadz

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Minecraft på Brickset

Minecraft

Lego Minecraft


أبو هاشم بن عتبة بن ربيعة العبشمي القرشي صحابي جليل، أسلم قبل صلح الحديبية وشهد بيعة الرضوان، وشارك في غزوة مؤتة وفتح مكة وغزوة حنين وشهد حجة الوداع.

نسبه
 هو : عبد الله بن عتبة بن ربيعة بن عبد شمس.
 أمه: ام خناس بنت مالك القرشية العامرية.
 هو خال معاوية بن أبي سفيان, وأخو أبي حذيفة لأبيه, وأخو مصعب بن عمير لامه.

سيرته
سكن الطائف, كان فاضلا وكان إذا ذكر أبا هاشم قال أبو هريرة: ذاك الرجل الصالح. وكان من زهاد الصحابة وصالحيهم. دخل معاوية على خاله ابي هاشم بن عتبة يعوده في الطائف , فبكى, فقال له معاوية: مايبكيك يا خال؟ أَوجعٌ تجده, أم حرصٌ على الدنيا؟
قال: كلا, ولكن النبي  عهد إليَّ عهدًا لم آخذ به, فقال: (يا أبا هاشم, انها لعلك تدركك أموال يؤتاها اثوام, فإنما يكفيك من الدنيا خادم وركب في سبيل الله).

المراجع

صحابة
قرشيون
مواليد 35 ق هـ
مواليد في مكة
وفيات 44 هـ
وفيات في مكة

أبو هاشم بن عتبة بن ربيعة


Joanna Clare MacGregor  (born 16 July 1959) is a British concert pianist, conductor, composer, and festival curator. She is Head of Piano at the Royal Academy of Music and a professor of the University of London. She was artistic director of the International Summer School & Festival at Dartington Hall from 2015 to 2019.

Biography
MacGregor grew up in North London, and was educated at home, with her brother and sister, by her parents; she won a free place to South Hampstead High School at the age of 11. Her mother is a piano teacher and taught her when she was a young child, and her father worked in the printing trade. MacGregor began studying with Christopher Elton at the age of seventeen, and read music at New Hall (now Murray Edwards College, Cambridge) (1978–81) where she was taught composition by Hugh Wood. After Cambridge, she pursued postgraduate studies at the Royal Academy of Music. She became Head of Piano at the Royal Academy of Music in 2011.

In the early years of her performing career, MacGregor was a prolific composer for the theatre (including work for Cheek by Jowl, and Oxford Stage Company's production of Hamlet at Elsinore Castle and the Edinburgh Festival). She was one of the first artists to be selected for the Young Concert Artists Trust in 1985, and has since performed in more than seventy countries, appearing as a solo artist with many of the world's leading orchestras, including the New York Philharmonic, London Symphony Orchestra, Netherlands Radio Philharmonic Orchestra, Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra, Chicago Symphony Orchestra and Berlin Symphony Orchestra, London Philharmonia, Melbourne Symphony and Sydney Symphony Orchestras, Hong Kong Philharmonic, BBC Symphony and Salzburg Camerata.

The conductors with whom she has worked include Pierre Boulez, Sir Simon Rattle, Sir Colin Davis, Michael Tilson Thomas, and Valery Gergiev, and she has appeared in many of the world's greatest venues, including the Wigmore Hall, Southbank Centre and the Barbican in London, Sydney Opera House, New York's Lincoln Center, Leipzig Gewandhaus, the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam and the Mozarteum in Salzburg.

Between 1997 and 2000, MacGregor was Professor of Music at Gresham College, London, giving free public lectures. She was appointed as Professor of Performance at Liverpool Hope University in 2007.

Repertoire
MacGregor is particularly known for her Bach interpretations and recordings, and was invited by Sir John Eliot Gardiner to perform the Goldberg Variations at the Royal Albert Hall in April 2013. She is also currently performing the complete Mozart concertos and Beethoven sonatas, and performed the complete Chopin Mazurkas to widespread acclaim in 2010. Alongside core piano repertoire, she has premiered many landmark compositions – including piano concertos by Sir Harrison Birtwistle, Django Bates, Hugh Wood, John Adams, Alasdair Nicolson, Jonathan Harvey and James MacMillan – and has commissioned over 100 new works.

Conducting, curating and collaboration
MacGregor made her conducting debut in 2002 and regularly directs her own orchestral projects, including an all-Mozart programme with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and Bach with the Hallé. She enjoys a close artistic partnership as conductor and performer with Britten Sinfonia, in programmes ranging from classical music to collaborations with jazz and world musicians, including Andy Sheppard, Seb Rochford, Nitin Sawhney and Arve Henriksen. In 2009 she opened the London Jazz Festival with Britten Sinfonia and Arabic singer and oud virtuoso Dhafer Youssef, hailed by The Times as 'the future of music'. Their fifteen-year orchestral partnership has continued with tours in Europe and Latin America.

She created (with composer Alasdair Nicolson) the Platform Festival of contemporary and improvised music, which ran at the ICA in London from 1991 until 1993; a series of music events, SoundCircus, ranging from Elvis Costello and Courtney Pine to Ensemble Modern and Steve Reich, at Bridgewater Hall, Manchester (1997–99); a celebration of British contemporary music (featuring Tom Ades) for the New York Philharmonic (1999); and Cross Border with Jin Xing's Contemporary Dance Theatre of Shanghai, combining Chinese traditional music with computer technology and film. Cross Border toured China in 2003.

From 2006 until 2012, MacGregor was the Artistic Director of the Bath International Music Festival, where alongside many classical artists, ensembles and orchestras, she commissioned Brian Eno, the writer and cultural historian Marina Warner, jazz and electronica artists, folk musician Kathryn Tickell, and poets Roger McGough and Michael Rosen. She instigated Party in the City, a massive, free event which takes over the whole city of Bath on the first Friday of the Festival; she also created the annual installation On the Edge of Life, bringing together visual artists, scientists, writers and musicians examining issues as diverse as premature birth, homelessness and child human rights.

In 2010, she curated the multi-arts festival Deloitte Ignite for the Royal Opera House, which included performances from the Royal Ballet and Phoenix Dance Theatre, Ex Cathedra, the aerialist Ilona Jäntti, Jah Wobble, Talvin Singh, and Tibetan Monks from Tashi Lumpo Monastery, as well as major installations from the Royal College of Art and the sculptural artist Alice Anderson.

In 2014, she was announced as Artistic Director for Dartington International Summer School and Festival. MacGregor's fifth and last festival was held in 2019. Since 2020, the festival has been curated by Sara Mohr-Pietsch.

Books and broadcasts
In 1990 the BBC broadcast MacGregor's radio play, Memoirs of an Amnesiac, about the life of Erik Satie, with Jim Broadbent. It was nominated for the Prix Italia.

Her series of colourful piano teaching books for children, Piano World, was published in May 2001 by Faber Music. The books feature storytelling, cartoons, games and include companion CDs, with music ranging from classical and jazz to gospel and hip hop. Her short piano piece, Lowside Blues, was chosen for the Associated Board Grade 7 piano exams, and became very popular with young pianists worldwide.

Recent compositions have included Lute Songs (2008) (based on the music of Dowland), and Lost Highway (2010), for piano and orchestra. In 2012 she revived and re-worked, with director Richard Williams, a popular adaption of Mozart's The Magic Flute, for chamber ensemble and seven opera singers. It has toured extensively, and was chosen as her swansong at Bath International Music Festival.

MacGregor broadcasts regularly on television and radio; in 2012 she was the soloist in three BBC Proms, and her performance of Bach's Goldberg Variations was broadcast live from the Albert Hall in 2013. She was the subject of an edition of The South Bank Show in December 2001 and presented her own series Strings, Bows, and Bellows for BBC television. She also filmed Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier for BBC television, as well as appearing in the Great Composers Series.

Honours and awards
MacGregor has received honorary Fellowships from the Royal Academy of Music, Trinity College of Music, and Murray Edwards, Cambridge (New Hall). She has been awarded Honorary Doctorates from the University of St Andrews, the Open University, the University of Bath and Bath Spa University. MacGregor was appointed as Member of the Arts Council England in 1998 alongside Anish Kapoor, Brian McMaster, Anthony Gormley and Andrew Motion, leaving in 2004.

She was recognised for her innovation with a Royal Philharmonic Society award in 2003 for imaginative programming and tireless work in opening up music to new audiences. Other awards include European Encouragement Prize for Music 1995, NFMS Sir Charles Groves Award 1998, and South Bank Show Award for Classical Music 2000. MacGregor was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours and Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2019 Birthday Honours, both for services to music.

Recordings and SoundCircus label
Between 1990 and 1995, MacGregor made more than 15 solo recordings with Collins Classics, ranging from Bach and Domenico Scarlatti to music by Ravel, Debussy, Ives, Bartók and Messiaen, as well as contemporary music.

In 1998, she launched her own record label SoundCircus in association with John L. Walters' Unknown Public. The label combines new recordings with re-releases of older recordings which MacGregor was able to reclaim after Collins Classics ceased trading. She now owns the copyright to all of her recorded material, and the label is now in partnership with Warner Classical and Jazz.

Discography
Collins Classics:
American Classics (1989) Ives, Copland, Nancarrow, Monk, Garner (originally on LDR)
Britten Piano Concerto (1990) English Chamber Orchestra, Stuart Bedford
Erik Satie Piano Music (1990)
Ives: Sonata No.1/Barber: Sonata, Op. 26/Excursions, Op. 20 . (1990)
Domenico Scarlatti Keyboard Sonatas (1991)
Gershwin: Piano Concerto in F, Rhapsody in Blue (original jazz band version) London Symphony Orchestra, Carl Davis
MacGregor on Broadway (1991) Gershwin Songbook, and new pieces by Django Bates, Michael Finnissy, Gary Carpenter, Alasdair Nicolson
Hugh Wood: Piano Concerto, Op. 31 (1992) BBC Symphony Orchestra, Sir Andrew Davis
Bartók/Debussy/Ravel: Piano Works (1993)
Birtwistle: Antiphonies for Piano and Orchestra Radio Filharmonisch Orkest, Michael Gielen (1994)
Bach Six French Suites (1994)
Krauze/Messiaen: Quatuor pour la fin du temps (1994)
Olivier Messiaen Vingt Regards sur L'Enfant Jésus (1995)
Counterpoint: Bach Art of Fugue and works by Conlon Nancarrow (1995)
Sound Circus:
Piano Language SC001, with jazz pianist Nikki Yeoh (1998)
Outside in Pianist SC002, clips and interviews (1998)
Perilous Night SC003: double album of John Cage's Sonatas and Interludes, Perilous Night and Bacchanale, with new work by Deidre Gribbin, Jonathan Harvey, Django Bates and others (1998)
Birtwistle Harrison's Clocks SC004 (2000)
Lou Harrison Piano Concerto SC005, with Sydney Symphony Orchestra, Sian Edwards (2001)
Damba Moon, Ensemble Bash SC006 (2001)
Play (2001), Sound Circus SC007: music includes Bach, Dowland, Piazzolla, Ligeti, Howard Skempton, Somei Satoh
Neural Circuits SC008: music by Messiaen, Schnittke (piano concerto), Arvo Pärt and Nitin Sawhney alongside music based on traditional Ghanaian melodies (2002)
Bach Six French Suites reissue SC901 (2003)
Satie Piano Music reissue SC902 (2003)
Scarlatti Keyboard Sonatas reissue SC903 (2003)
Quiet Music Sound Circus SC904 (2004)
Deep River SC009: Music of the Deep South, with Andy Sheppard (2005)
Sidewalk Dances: music by Moondog, with Andy Sheppard, Kuljit Bhamra, Seb Rochford, Britten Sinfonia SC010 (2006)
Live in Buenos Aires: Bach concertos and music by Piazzolla, Stravinsky and Gismonti, with Britten Sinfonia (2007)
Bach: The Goldberg Variations, recorded in Salzburg's Mozarteum (2008)
Messiaen: Vingt Regards/Quatuor pour la fin du temps/Harawi, with soprano Charlotte Riedijk (2010)

See also reissues on SoundCircus/Warner Classics and Jazz

Concerto repertoire: piano and orchestra
 John Adams: Century Rolls
 Bach: Concerto in D minor, BWV 1052; Concerto in F minor, BWV 1056
 Bartók Concerto No. 3
 Django Bates What It's Like To Be Alive
 Beethoven Piano Concerto No. 2 in B-flat, Op. 19; Concerto No. 3 in C minor, Op. 37; Triple Concerto, Op. 56; Concerto No. 4 in G, Op. 58; Concerto No. 5 In E-flat, Op. 73; Choral Fantasy, Op. 80
 Berg Chamber Concerto
 Birtwistle Antiphonies; Slow Frieze
 Brahms Concerto No. 1 in D minor, Op. 15
 Britten Piano Concerto; Young Apollo; Diversions
 Cage Concerto for Prepared Piano and Chamber Orchestra
 Gershwin Rhapsody in Blue; 2nd Rhapsody; I Got Rhythm Variations; Concerto in F major
 Grieg Concerto in A minor Op. 16
 Lou Harrison Concerto for Piano and Selected Orchestra
 Jonathan Harvey Bird Concerto with Pianosong
 Hindemith Kammermusik No. 2, Op. 36, No. 1
 Ligeti Piano Concerto
 James MacMillan Concerto No. 1 (The Berserking); Concerto No. 2
 Frank Martin Petite Symphonie Concertante, Op. 54
 Messiaen Turangalîla-Symphonie; Oiseaux exotiques; Les Couleurs de la Cité Celeste; Trois petites liturgies de la présence divine
 Mozart Complete concertos
 Alasdair Nicolson Rain gathering in your eyes
 Arvo Pärt Lamentate
 Prokofiev Piano Concerto No. 2 in G minor, Op. 16
 Rachmaninov Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, Op. 43
 Ravel Piano Concerto for the Left Hand; Piano Concerto in G
 Schnittke Concerto for Piano and Strings
 Shostakovich Concerto for Piano, Trumpet and Strings in C minor, Op. 35; Concerto No. 2 in F, Op. 102
 Stravinsky Concerto for Piano and Wind Instruments
 Hugh Wood Piano Concerto

References

External links

 Biography at Ingpen & Williams

 Biography at Bach-Cantatas.com
 Piano World Books
 Dartington Summer School & Festival

1959 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Alumni of New Hall, Cambridge
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music
Piano pedagogues
Artistic directors (music)
Crossover (music)
English classical pianists
English composers
English conductors (music)
English women pianists
English contemporary pianists
English people of Scottish descent
British television presenters
Women jazz pianists
Academics of the Royal Academy of Music
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at South Hampstead High School
Professors of Gresham College
21st-century classical pianists
British women conductors (music)
British women music educators
21st-century English women musicians
British women television presenters
Women classical pianists
21st-century women pianists

Joanna MacGregor


Hiroki Shinjo (født 28. april 1973) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder FC Tokyo.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Hiroki Shinjo


Michael Grant ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Michael Grant (1914–2004), englischer Altphilologe und Althistoriker
 Michael Grant (Schriftsteller) (* 1954), US-amerikanischer Schriftsteller
 Michael Grant (Tennisspieler) (* 1956), US-amerikanischer Tennisspieler
 Michael Grant (Musiker) (* 1969), britischer Musiker, siehe Musical Youth
 Michael Grant (Boxer) (* 1972), US-amerikanische Boxer
 Michael Grant (Sänger) († 2012), US-amerikanischer Metal-Sänger

Michael Grant (Begriffsklärung)


Ein Homotetramer ist ein Proteinkomplex, der aus vier identischen Protein-Untereinheiten besteht, welche zwar verbunden, allerdings nicht kovalent sind. Ein Heterotetramer ist hingegen ein Proteinkomplex mit vier Untereinheiten, bei dem sich mindestens eine von den anderen Untereinheiten unterscheidet. Beide zählen zu den Tetrameren.

Beispiele für Homotetramere wären Enzyme wie β-Glucuronidase (siehe Bild); Exportfaktoren wie SecB in Escherichia coli und Magnesium-Ionentransporter wie CorA.

Einzelnachweise

Proteinkomplex

Homotetramer


An Epidendrum sophronitis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni John Lindley ngan Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Epidendrum sophronitis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Epidendrum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Epidendrum

Epidendrum sophronitis


Nyrup er en landsby i Tikøb Sogn. Landsbyen kendes helt tilbage til 1100-tallet.

Landsbyen bestod i 1682 af 6 gårde, 1 hus med jord og 3 huse uden jord med et samlet dyrket areal på 125,3 tønder land skyldsat til 38,19 tønder hartkorn. Dyrkningsformen var trevangsbrug. Landsbyen blev udskiftet i slutningen af 1700-tallet.

Nyrup havde ved århundredeskiftet (1900) en rytterskole og skovfogedbolig.

Noter

Litteratur
 Karl-Erik Frandsen: Vang og tægt. Studier over dyrkningssystemer og agrarstrukturer i Danmarks landsbyer 1682-83 (Bygd 1983),
 Henrik Pedersen: De danske Landbrug fremstillet paa Grundlag af Forarbejderne til Christian V.s Matrikel 1688. Udgivet efter hans Død paa Bekostning af Carlsbergfondet (København MCMXXVIII; Reprotryk for Landbohistorisk Selskab, København 1975),
 Lars Bjørn Madsen: En beskrivelse af Tikøb Sogn i året 1681; Helsingør Kommunes Museer 1997;

Landsbyer i Tikøb Sogn

Nyrup (Tikøb Sogn)


قائمة بالأبطال في 1897 البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية لكرة المضرب (المعروفة الآن باسم أمريكا المفتوحة):

الكبار

فردي رجال

 روبرت ورين هزم  ويلبرفورس إيافس 4-6 8-6 6-3 2-6 6-2

فردي سيدات

 جولييت أتكاينسن هزم  إيليزابيث مور 6-3, 6-3, 4-6, 3-6, 6-3

مراجع

الرياضة في بنسيلفانيا في 1897
الرياضة في رود آيلاند في 1897
رود آيلاند في 1897
أحداث أغسطس 1897 الرياضية
أحداث يونيو 1897 الرياضية
البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية (كرة مضرب) حسب السنة
كرة المضرب في 1897

البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية 1897 (كرة مضرب)


Mark John Douglas "Mess" Messier (d. 18 Ocak  1961, St. Albert, Alberta), ABD'nin Ulusal Buz Hokeyi Ligi'nde (NHL) buz hokeyi oynamış ve emekli olmuş bir buz hokeyi oyuncusudur. Mark Messier NHL takımları olan Edmonton Oilers, New York Rangers, ve Vancouver Canucks takımlarında, 1979-2004 yılları arasında buz hokeyi oynamıştır.

Oyunculuk kariyeri

Indianapolis Racers (1978)
17 yaşındayken Mark Indianapolis Racers'la beş maçlık bir deneme kontratı imzaladı fakat bu maçlarda hiç gol atamayınca serbest bırakıldı.

Cincinnati Stingers (1978-1979)
Indianapolis takımından serbest bırakıldıktan kısa bir sure sonra, Mark Cincinnati Stingers ile bir kontrat imzaladı.  Oynadığı 47 oyunda bir gol atılıp, 10 gol pası verdi.

Edmonton Oilers (1979-1991)
Messier 1979 NHL Entry Draft'ında Edmonton Oilers tarafından seçilerek NHL kariyerine başlamış oldu. Messier burada liderlik yeteneklerini ve hırlı oyunun göstermeğe başladı. 1984 yılı finallerinde 4 kere üst üste şampiyon olmuş New York Islanders takımı önde giderken attığı golle takımını ateşlemiş ve o sene en değerli oyuncuya verilen Conn Smythe Trophy'yi kazanmıştır.

New York Rangers (1991-1997)
Oynadığı oyun ve liderliğiyle bir superstar haline gelmiş olan Messier'nin efsane haline gelmesi takımı New York Rangers'la 7 maçlık bir seri halinde yapılan Batı Grubu Finalinde New Jersey Devils'a 3'e 2 yenilirken basın önünde Stanley Kupasını kazanacaklarına dair vermiş olduğu sözü yerine getirmesi ve bunu takımına liderlik yaparak önce 6. Oyunda 3 gol atarak hat trick yapması ve 7. oyunuda kazanarak New Jersey takımını eleyip finallere kalması, final maçlarında da Vancouver Canucks'la 3'e 3 beraberken Stanley Kupasını kazananı belirleyecek olan 7. maçta kupayı getiren golü atmasıyla birlikte  New York takımının 54 yıllık kupa hasretine son vermesiyle olmuştur.

Vancouver Canucks (1997-2000)
Messier, Rangers takımıyla geçirdiği 6 yıldan sonra tekrar Kanada'ya döndü. Vancouver Canuks takımında 3 yıl buz hokeyi oynadı.

Broadway'e Dönüş: New York Rangers (2000-2004)
Üç yıl süren Kanada macerassından sonra tekrar New York'a dönerek Rangers takımını zafere taşımak istediyse de bunda başarılı olamadı. 12 Ekim 2005'te bir radyo programında emekli oladuğunu açıkladı.

Emeklilik dönemi (2005- )
Messier oyunculuğu süresince birçok rekorlara imza attı. 12 Ocak 2006 senesinde taşıdığı 11 numaralı forması New York Rangers tarafından bir daha başka oyuncunun kullanamayacağı şekilde emekli edildi. Bu seremoninin yapıldığı Madison Square Garden'da di biletler karaborsada 30.000$'a alıcı buldu. Bundan sonraki kariyerinde buz hokeyine hizmet etmek istemektedir.

Kariyer istatistikleri

Ödül & başarıları
 1983-84 - Stanley Kupası Şampiyon
 1984-85 - Stanley Kupası Şampiyon
 1986-87 - Stanley Kupası Şampiyon
 1987-88 - Stanley Kupası Şampiyon
 1989-90 - Stanley Kupası Şampiyon
 1993-94 - Stanley Kupası Şampiyon
 1989-90 - Hart Memorial Trophy Sahibi
 1991-92 - Hart Memorial Trophy Sahibi
 1983-84 - Conn Smythe Trophy Sahibi
 1989-90 - Lester B. Pearson Award Sahibi
 1991-92 - Lester B. Pearson Award Sahibi
 1981-82 - First-Team All-Star Sol Kanat
 1982-83 - First-Team All-Star Sol Kanat
 1989-90 - First-Team All-Star Orta Alan
 1991-92 - First-Team All-Star Orta Alan

1961 doğumlular
Kanadalı buz hokeyi oyuncuları
NHL oyuncuları
Yaşayan insanlar

Mark Messier


Swagger est un langage de description d'interface permettant de décrire des API exprimées à l'aide de JSON.

Swagger est utilisé avec toute une série d'outils logiciels open source pour concevoir, créer, documenter et utiliser des services Web.

Swagger inclut des outils de documentation automatisée, de génération de code (dans de nombreux langages de programmation) et de génération de cas de test.

Historique
Le projet Swagger API a été créé en 2011 par Tony Tam, cofondateur technique du site de dictionnaires Wordnik. Au cours du développement des produits Wordnik, le besoin d'automatisation de la documentation de l'API et de la génération du SDK client est devenu une source majeure de frustration. Tam a conçu une représentation JSON simple de l'API, en s'appuyant sur la flexibilité d'une partie du style d'architecture REST et en utilisant de nombreuses fonctionnalités d'outils conçus pour le protocole SOAP. Le concept de l'interface utilisateur a été proposé par Ayush Gupta, qui a suggéré qu'une interface utilisateur interactive profiterait aux utilisateurs finaux qui souhaitaient « essayer » et développer une API. Le projet Swagger API a été rendu open source en septembre 2011. Peu de temps après la sortie, un certain nombre de nouveaux composants ont été ajoutés au projet, notamment un validateur autonome, la prise en charge de Node.js et de Ruby on Rails.

En novembre 2015, SmartBear Software, la société qui maintenait Swagger, a annoncé qu'elle aidait à créer une nouvelle organisation, sous le parrainage de la Linux Foundation, appelée OpenAPI Initiative. Diverses entreprises, dont Google, IBM et Microsoft en sont les membres fondateurs.

Le  janvier 2016, la spécification Swagger a été renommée OpenAPI Specification et déplacée vers un nouveau référentiel de logiciels sur GitHub. Bien que la spécification elle-même n'ait pas été modifiée, ce changement de nom a permis d'expliciter la séparation entre le format de description de l'API et les outils open source.

Usage
L'utilisation des outils open source de Swagger peut être divisée en différents cas d'utilisation : développement, interaction avec les API et documentation.

Voir aussi

 Transfert d'état représentatif, une autre manière de définir une API HTTP
 Autres langages de description d'API statique : RAML, WADL et WSDL

Références

Liens externes

 Site Web de l'Open API Initiative (OAI)
 Site Web de Swagger
 Spécification OpenAPI sur GitHub
 Éditeur et environnement intégré Eclipse OpenAPI (OAS)
 Swagger - Outil de documentation de l'API
 Wiki d'utilisation de OpenAPI Editor and Test Studio

Langage balisé
Interface de programmation

Swagger (logiciel)


La  es el más importante centro de transporte de la ciudad japonesa de Kioto y uno de los más grandes del país.

El edificio de la estación, uno de los más grandes del país, presenta un estilo futurista e incorpora un complejo con centros comerciales, hotel, cines, y varias instalaciones del Gobierno Municipal de Kioto. La Red ferroviaria dispone de conexiones con las ciudades de Tokio, Osaka, Nara, Nagano y Kanazawa, además de los Aeropuertos internacionales de Kansai y Osaka. Dispone de servicios regulares de unidades Shinkansen (Tren bala), además de otros ferrocarriles privados de tipo regional y del ámbito municipal de Kioto.

El edificio actual fue inaugurado en el año 1997. Anteriormente, la estación ha estado bajo jurisdicción de Japanese Government Railways (JGR), los Ferrocarriles Nacionales Japoneses (JNR) y, en la actualidad, tras la privatización de los ferrocarriles nipones en 1987, se encuentra bajo jurisdicción de la JR West.

Historia

Orígenes
El ferrocarril gubernamental procedente desde Kōbe alcanzó Kioto el 5 de septiembre de 1876, pero la estación se encontraba en construcción y se habilitó una estación temporal llamada Ōmiya-dōri (Calle Ōmiya). Estuvo operativa hasta la apertura de la Estación principal, que entró en servicio por decreto del Emperador Meiji el 5 de febrero de 1877.

En 1889 el ferrocarril primitivo se integró en la línea principal que iba hasta Tokio (la Línea principal de Tōkaidō); Consecuentemente, la estación se convirtió en la terminal de dos ferrocarriles distintos (la Línea Nara operativa desde 1895, y la Línea Sagano) que conectaban con las zonas Norte y Sur de la Prefectura de Kioto, respectivamente.  Originalmente las instalaciones pertenecieron a la Japanese Government Railways (JGR), compañía controlada directamente por el Gobierno japonés.

En 1914 la primera estación fue reemplazada por una nueva, de estilo renacentista y provista de una amplia avenida en la parte frontal (lugar de la anterior estación demolida). Antes y durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la avenida solía ser usada por las comitivas imperiales cuando el Emperador Hirohito viajaba entre Tokio y Kioto. La estación de entonces poseía un gran espacio interior y había sido diseñada para poder albergar a un gran número de personas aunque el 8 de enero de 1934 tuvo lugar una avalancha de varios miles de personas y la estación quedó completamente superada, resultando en varias decenas de muertos. A diferencia de otras ciudades niponas, Kioto y su estación no fueron bombardeadas por las Fuerzas aéreas norteamericanas durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

En 1949 la estación quedó integrada en la red de los nuevos Ferrocarriles Nacionales Japoneses (JNR). El edificio renacentista sufrió un grave incendio en 1950 y fue sustituido en 1952 por un nuevo edificio, más amplio y diversificado. En 1964 la línea de alta velocidad Shinkansen llegó a la ciudad con la inauguración del nuevo Tōkaidō Shinkansen, que enlazaba la antigua capital imperial con Tokio, Osaka y Kobe.

En 1981 fue inaugurado el Metro de Kioto con la apertura de la Línea Karasuma, que efectuaba una parada en la estación. En 1987, tras la reprivatización de los Ferrocarriles nipones decretada por el gobierno nipón, la estación quedó bajo jurisdicción de la West Japan Railway Company (JR West). La actual Estación de Kiōto abrió en 1997, conmemorando el 1200.º aniversario de la fundación de la ciudad. El edificio, que tiene unos 70 metros de altura y 470 metros de largo, exhibe numerosas características futuristas ha recibido algunas críticas por parte de aquellos que consideran que rompe con la estética tradicional de Kioto. Todo el complejo es obra del arquitecto Hiroshi Hara. Al sur de éste se sitúa el edificio Hachijō-guchi, construido para albergar al Tōkaidō Shinkansen y que se encuentra operativo desde 1964.

Disposición

Líneas y Andenes
La estación dispone de 15 vías para los trenes convencionales (pertenecientes a la JR West) además de otras 4 vías dedicadas a los trenes Shinkansen (pertenecientes estos a la JR Central), que se encuentran apartadas de los andenes principales y en una situación elevada de varios pisos.

Servicios adicionales

Además de los servicios principales que ofrecen la JR West y JR Central, la estación cuenta con otros dos más: los ferrocarriles privados de la Corporación Kintetsu y las líneas del Metro Municipal de Kioto. Los ferrocarriles de Kintetsu quedan adscritos al ámbito puramente regional de la Prefectura de Kioto, contando con un edificio anexo (e independendiente del principal de la JR) al que llegan 3 vías; De aquí parten Expresos a Nara, Tenri u otras localidades, además de otros de tipo local.

Por otro lado, el Metro de Kioto también posee un enlace con la estación, concretamente el numerado K11 que pertenece a la Línea Karasuma.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Sitio oficial de la estación

Estaciones de ferrocarril de Japón
Estaciones de West Japan Railway Company
Kioto
Kioto
Estaciones de ferrocarril inauguradas en 1877
Estaciones de ferrocarril inauguradas en 1997
Japón en 1997
Infraestructuras de Japón del siglo XIX
Infraestructuras de Japón del siglo XX

Estación de Kioto


John Rankine est un nom pouvant désigner:

 (1801-1864), homme politique australien d'Australie-Méridionale
 (1816-1885), ministre et modérateur de l'église d'Écosse
 (1846-1922), juriste écossais
 (1907-1987), administrateur colonial britannique aux Fidji
 (1918-2013), auteur britannique de science-fiction

Voir aussi

Rankine, John

John Rankine


The Northern Cape ( ; ; ) is the largest and most sparsely populated province of South Africa. It was created in 1994 when the Cape Province was split up. Its capital is Kimberley. It includes the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, part of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and an international park shared with Botswana. It also includes the Augrabies Falls and the diamond mining regions in Kimberley and Alexander Bay.

The Namaqualand region in the west is famous for its Namaqualand daisies. The southern towns of De Aar and Colesberg found within the Great Karoo are major transport nodes between Johannesburg, Cape Town and Gqeberha. Kuruman can be found in the north-east and is known as a mission station. It is also well known for its artesian spring and Eye of Kuruman. The Orange River flows through the province, forming the borders with the Free State in the southeast and with Namibia to the northwest. The river is also used to irrigate the many vineyards in the arid region near Upington.

Native speakers of Afrikaans comprise a higher percentage of the population in the Northern Cape than in any other province. The Northern Cape's four official languages are Afrikaans, Tswana, Xhosa, and English. Minorities speak the other official languages of South Africa and a few people speak indigenous languages such as Nama and Khwe.

The provincial motto, Sa ǁa ǃaĩsi 'uĩsi ("We go to a better life"), is in the Nǀu language of the Nǁnǂe (ǂKhomani) people. It was given in 1997 by one of the language's last speakers, Ms. Elsie Vaalbooi of Rietfontein, who has since died. It was South Africa's first officially registered motto in a Khoisan language. Subsequently, South Africa's national motto, ǃKe e ǀxarra ǁke, was derived from the extinct ǀXam language.

History

The Northern Cape was one of three provinces made out of the Cape Province in 1994, the others being Western Cape to the south and Eastern Cape to the southeast. Politically, it had been dominated since 1994 by the African National Congress (ANC). Ethnic issues are important in the politics of the Northern Cape. For example, it is the site of the Orania settlement, whose leaders have called for a Volkstaat for the Afrikaner people in the province.

The Northern Cape is also the home of over 1,000 San who emigrated from Namibia following the independence of the country; they had served as trackers and scouts for the South African Defence Force during the South African Border War, and feared reprisals from their former foes. They were awarded a settlement in Platfontein in 1999 by the Mandela government.

The precolonial history of the Northern Cape is reflected in a rich, mainly Stone Age, archaeological heritage. Cave sites include Wonderwerk Cave near Kuruman, which has a uniquely long sequence stretching from the turn of the twentieth century at the surface to more than 1 million (and possibly nearly 2 million) years in its basal layer (where stone tools, occurring in very low density, may be Oldowan).  Many sites across the province, mostly in open air locales or in sediments alongside rivers or pans, document Earlier, Middle and Later Stone Age habitation. From Later Stone Age times, mainly, there is a wealth of rock art sites – most of which are in the form of rock engravings such as at Wildebeest Kuil and many sites in the area known as ǀXam -ka !kau, in the Karoo. They occur on hilltops, slopes, rock outcrops and occasionally (as in the case of Driekops Eiland near Kimberley), in a river bed.  In the north eastern part of the province there are sites attributable to the Iron Age such as Dithakong.  Environmental factors have meant that the spread of Iron Age farming westwards (from the 17th century – but dating from the early first millennium AD in the eastern part of South Africa) was constrained mainly to the area east of the Langeberg Mountains, but with evidence of influence as far as the Upington area in the eighteenth century. From that period the archaeological record also reflects the development of a complex colonial frontier when precolonial social formations were considerably disrupted and there is an increasing 'fabric heavy' imprint of built structures, ash-heaps, and so on. The copper mines of Namaqualand and the diamond rush to the Kimberley area resulted in industrial archaeological landscapes in those areas which herald the modern era in South African history.

Government

The provincial government consists of a premier, an executive council of ten ministers, and a legislature. The provincial assembly and premier are elected for five-year terms, or until the next national election. Political parties are awarded assembly seats based on the percentage of votes each party receives in the province during the national elections. The assembly elects a premier, who then appoints the members of the executive council. The premier of the Northern Cape as of 2019 is Zamani Saul of the African National Congress.

Political history

The politics of the Northern Cape are dominated by the African National Congress (ANC), but their position has not been as strong as in the other provinces. Initially, no party had an absolute majority. In 1994 the ANC's Manne Dipico became the first Premier of the Northern Cape after Ethne Papenfus, the sole elected representative of the Democratic Party (DP), voted with the ANC. In return, she was elected speaker of the legislature.

The ANC increased its voter share in later elections and has remained firmly in charge of the province after 1999. Dipuo Peters replaced Dipico as Premier in 2004. The official opposition in the Northern Cape after the 2004 elections was the Democratic Alliance, receiving 11% of the vote in the provincial ballot. The opposition's hopes of unseating the ANC has not had any success, even with the Congress of the People (COPE), a splinter party from the ANC, helping to split the vote in the election of 22 April 2009. Hazel Jenkins became Premier following the election, and COPE became the official opposition. Jenkins was later replaced by Sylvia Lucas in 2013.

The 2014 election saw the ANC returned to power once again with an increased mandate, while DA once again became the official opposition, after the collapse of COPE. The newly formed Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) also entered the legislature for the first time. Sylvia Lucas was re-elected to her first full term.

In the 2019 election, the Northern Cape was considered competitive. The opposition DA planned on taking over the province. The ANC returned as the majority party but the party's support had dropped. The DA was once again the official opposition with an increased seat total. The EFF made gains, while the Freedom Front Plus (FF+) won a seat in the legislature for the first time since 2004.

Geography

The Northern Cape is South Africa's largest province, and distances between towns are enormous due to its sparse population. Its size is just shy of the size of the American state of Montana and slightly larger than that of Germany. The province is dominated by the Karoo Basin and consists mostly of sedimentary rocks and some dolerite intrusions. The south and south-east of the province is high-lying, , in the Roggeveld and Nuweveld districts. The west coast is dominated by the Namaqualand region, famous for its spring flowers. This area is hilly to mountainous and consists of granites and metamorphic rocks. The central areas are generally flat with interspersed salt pans. Kimberlite intrusions punctuate the Karoo rocks, giving the province its most precious natural resource, diamonds. The north is primarily Kalahari Desert, characterised by parallel red sand dunes and acacia tree dry savanna.

Northern Cape has a shoreline in the west on the South Atlantic Ocean.  It borders the following areas of Namibia and Botswana:
ǁKaras Region, Namibia – northwest
Hardap Region, Namibia – far northwest
Kgalagadi District, Botswana – north
Domestically, it borders the following provinces:
North West – northeast
Free State – east
Eastern Cape – southeast
Western Cape – south and southwest

Rivers
The major river system is the Orange (or Gariep) River Basin, draining the interior of South Africa westwards into the Atlantic Ocean. (The political philosopher Neville Alexander has used the idea of the 'Garieb' as a metaphor for nationhood in South Africa, a flowing together, in preference to the rainbow metaphor where the diverse colours remain distinct).
The principal tributary of the Orange is the Vaal River, which flows through part of the Northern Cape from the vicinity of Warrenton. The Vaal, in turn, has tributaries within the province: the Harts River and the Riet River, which has its own major tributary, the Modder River.

Above the Orange-Vaal confluence, the Seekoei River drains part of the northeastern Karoo into the Orange River above the Vanderkloof Dam.
Next downstream from the Orange-Vaal confluence is the Brak River, which flows nonperennially from the south and is in turn fed by the Ongers River, rising in the vicinities of Hanover and Richmond respectively.
Along the Orange River near the town of Kakamas, the Hartebeest River drains the central Karoo. Above Kenhardt the Hartebeest is known as the Sak River, which has its source on the northern side of the escarpment, southeast of Williston.
Further downstream from Kakamas, below the Augrabies Falls, and seldom actually flowing into the Orange River, is the Molopo River, which comes down from the Kalahari in the north. With its tributary, the Nossob River, it defines part of the international boundary between South Africa and Botswana. Further tributaries of the Molopo River include the Kuruman River, fed by the Moshaweng River and Kgokgole River, and the Matlhwaring River.
Flowing west into the Atlantic, in Namaqualand, is the Buffels River and, further south, the Groen River.

Climate

Mostly arid to semiarid, few areas in the province receive more than  of rainfall per annum and the average annual rainfall over the province is . Rainfall generally increases from west to east from a minimum average of  to a maximum of  per year. The west experiences most rainfall in winter, while the east receives most of its moisture from late summer thunderstorms. Many areas experience extreme heat, with the hottest temperatures in South Africa measured along the Namibian border. Summers maximums are generally  or higher, sometimes higher than . Winters are usually frosty and clear, with southern areas sometimes becoming bitterly cold, such as Sutherland, which often receives snow and temperatures occasionally drop below the  mark.

 Kimberley averages: January maximum:  (min: ), June maximum:  (min: ), annual precipitation:
 Springbok averages: January maximum:  (min: ), July maximum:  (min: ), annual precipitation:
 Sutherland averages: January maximum:  (min: ), July maximum:  (min: ), annual precipitation:

Municipalities

The Northern Cape Province is divided into five district municipalities. The district municipalities are in turn divided into 27 local municipalities:

District municipalities

Frances Baard District
Sol Plaatje
Dikgatlong
Magareng
Phokwane
John Taolo Gaetsewe District
Moshaweng
Ga-Segonyana
Gamagara
Namakwa District
Richtersveld
Nama Khoi
Kamiesberg
Hantam
Karoo Hoogland
Khâi-Ma
Pixley ka Seme District
Ubuntu
Umsobomvu
Emthanjeni
Kareeberg
Renosterberg
Thembelihle
Siyathemba
Siyancuma
ZF Mgcawu District (formerly Siyanda)
Kai !Garib
Dawid Kruiper
!Kheis
Tsantsabane
Kgatelopele

Cities and towns

Population 50,000+
Kimberley
Upington

Population 10,000+

Population < 10,000

Economy of the Northern Cape

As reported by the Northern Cape Provincial Government, unemployment still remains a big issue in the province. Unemployment was reported to be at 24.9% during Q4, 2013. Unemployment also declined from 119,000 in Q4, 2012 to 109,000 in Q4, 2013.

The Northern Cape is also home to the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), which is located 75 km North-West of Carnarvon.

The economy of the Northern Cape relies heavily on two sectors, mining and agriculture, which employ 57% (Tertiary Sector) of all employees in the province.

Most famous for the diamond mines around Kimberley, it also has mining activities for Manganese and iron ore.

The Northern Cape also has a substantial agricultural area around the Orange River, including most of South Africa's sultana vineyards. Some Wine of Origin areas have been demarcated. The Orange River also attracts visitors who enjoy rafting tours around Vioolsdrif. Extensive sheep raising is the basis of the economy in the southern Karoo areas of the province.

Demographics

About 53.8% of the population are first-language Afrikaans speakers, other primary languages being Setswana, Xhosa and English. To the extent that apartheid-era population classification persists, the majority of the Northern Cape population is characterised as Black.

See also
Northern Cape Provincial Legislature
Griqualand West
List of speakers of the Northern Cape Provincial Legislature

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Northern Cape Tourism
NC Provincial Government

Provinces of South Africa
States and territories established in 1994
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Northern Cape


وصية هتلر الأخيرة هي الوصية التي ألقاها هتلر على سكيرتيرته تراودل يونغه داخل قبوه في برلين في 29 أبريل اليوم الذي تزوج فيه إيفا براون. ثم قام بالانتحار مع زوجته اليوم التالي 30 أبريل، قبل ثلاثة أيام من سقوط برلين في يد السوفيت يوم 2 مايو، وقبل أنتهاء الحرب العالمية الثانية في أوروبا بأسبوع يوم 8 مايو. وتتكون من وثيقتين منفصلتين، وصية شخصية ووصية سياسية.

الوصية الشخصية

الوصية الشخصية الأخيرة هي وثيقة صغيرة موقعة في 29 أبريل 1945 الساعة الرابعة صباحاً:
 الاعتراف بزواجي - ولكنه لا يسمي زوجته بالاسم إيفا براون - وانهما اختارا الموت على عار الهزيمة أو الاستسلام وأن يحرق جسديهما بعد انتحارهما.
 أن تترك مجموعته الفنية في «معرض رسوم في مدينته لينتز على نهر الدانوب».
 الأشياء التي لها قيمة خاصة أو يمكن أن تفيد تذهب إلى أقاربه ومعاونيه المخلصين مثل سكيرتيرته فراو فينتر.
 أي شيء آخر ذو قيمة يذهب إلى حزب العمال الاشتراكي القومي.
 يقوم على تنفيذ هذه الوصية مارتن بورمان.

شهد على هذه الوصية جوزيف غوبلز، مارتن بورمان والعقيد نيكولاس فون بيلوف.

الوصية السياسية

وقعت هذه الوصية السياسية في نفس وقت توقيع الوصية الشخصية، الرابعة صباحاً يوم 29 أبريل 1945. وكان الجزء الأول منها هو تكرار مواقفه السياسية والفكرية التي ذكرها مراراً من قبل. ولم تغير نيته للانتحار أو السقوط الحتمي للرايخ الثالث من مواقفه السياسية. أما الجزء الثاني يحتوى على تعينات هتلر للأشخاص في الحكومة الألمانية والحزب النازي من بعده. وتضمنت أيضاً العديد من العبارات التي قال فيها أنه لم يكن يريد الحرب مع الأمم الأخرى وألقى باللائمة على اليهود في إشعال هذه الحروب.
 يتم طرد المشير هيرمان غورينغ من الحزب.
 يتم طرد هاينريش هيملر قائد وحدات النخبة النازية من الحزب.
 يتم تعيين اللواء بحري كارل دونتز رئيساً لألمانيا وقائداً أعلى للقوات المسلحة.

كما قام هتلر بتسمية الحكومة الجديدة «قادة الأمة»:
 رئيس الدولة (Reichspräsident): كارل دونتز
 المستشار (Reichskanzler): دكتور جوزيف غوبلز
 وزير الحزب (Parteiminister): مارتن بورمان
 وزير الخارجية (Aussenminister): أرتور زايس إنكفارت
 وزير الداخلية (Innenminister): غاولايتر باول غيزلر
 وزير الحرب (Kriegsminister): كارل دونتز
 قائد الجيش (Oberbefehlshaber des Heeres): المشير فرديناند شورنر
 قائد القوات البحرية (Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine): كارل دونتز
 قائد القوات الجوية (Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe): اللواء روبرت فون غريم
 قائد وحدات النخبة النازية ورئيس الشرطة (Reichsführer-SS und Chef der Deutschen Polizei): غاولايتر كارل هانكه
 وزير الاقتصاد (Wirtschaft): فالتر فونك
 وزير الزراعة (Landwirtschaft): هيربيرت باكه
 وزير العدل (Justiz): أوتو تايراك
 وزير الثقافة (Kultus): غوستاف أدولف شيل
 وزير الدعاية (Propaganda): فيرنر ناومن
 وزير المالية (Finanzen): لوتس فون كروسيغ
 وزير العمل (Arbeit): تايو هوبفاوير
 وزير الذخيرة (Rüstung): كارل-أوتو ساور
 مدير جبهة العمال الألمانية ووزير الدولة (Leiter der Deutschen Arbeitsfront und Mitglied des Reichskabinetts: Reichsminister): دكتور روبرت لاي.

الشهود: دكتور جوزيف غوبلز، فيلهلم بورغدورف، مارتن بورمان واللواء هانز كريبس.

وفي عصر يوم 30 أبريل، بعد يوم ونصف تقريباً من توقيعه على وصيته، انتحر هتلر.

كاتب الوصية

بعد مقارنة وصية هتلر الأخيرة بكتاباته وخطاباته التي كان يكتبها له غوبلز. زعمت يونغه أن هتلر كان يقرأ من كراسة ملاحظات أثناء تمليته لوصيته. ولأن هتلر كان قليلاً ما كان يكتب في هذه المرحلة (مرحلة سكنه في القبو وبداية النهاية لألمانية النازية)، فأنه من الممكن أن يكون غوبلز هو الذي كتب الملاحظات التي كان هتلر يقرأ منها أثناء تلاوته الوصية.

وفاة الشهود

توفي شهود الوصية السياسية جميعهم بفترة قصيرة فيما بعد. فانتحر غوبلز وزوجته في 1 مايو (وقتلوا أطفالهم الستة الصغار معهم). بيرغدورف وكريبس انتحرا معاً ليلة 2 مايو في القبو، بينما مكان وزمان انتحار بورمان لا يزالان غير مؤكدان فقد وُجدت بقاياه في موقع القبو عام 1972 وتم التعرف عليها باختبار الحمض النووي سنة 1998. ويمكن أن يكون قد قتل أثناء محاولته الهرب من قبو الفوهرر.

ملاحظات

ألمانيا في 1945
أحداث أبريل 1945 في أوروبا
أعمال أدولف هتلر
ألمانيا النازية
كتب سياسية
وثائق الحرب العالمية الثانية
وثائق في 1945
وفاة أدولف هتلر

وصية هتلر الأخيرة


The Spanish reconquest of New Granada in 1815–1816 was part of the Spanish American wars of independence in South America. Shortly after the Napoleonic Wars ended, Ferdinand VII, recently restored to the throne in Spain, decided to send military forces to retake most of the northern South American colonies, which had established autonomous juntas and independent states. The invaders, with support from loyal colonial troops, completed the reconquest of New Granada by taking Bogotá on May 6, 1816.

The expeditionary force and campaigns
In 1815, Spain sent to its most seditious colonies the strongest expeditionary force that it had ever sent to the Americas. Colonel Pablo Morillo, a veteran of the Spanish struggle against the French, was chosen as its commander. The expeditionary force was made up of approximately 10,000 men and nearly 60 ships. Originally, they were to head for Montevideo in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, but soon it was decided to send these forces to the Viceroyalty of New Granada (present-day Colombia, Ecuador, Panama) and Venezuela.

Leaving the port of Cádiz on February 17, 1815, the force initially landed at Carupano and the island of Margarita in April, where no resistance was encountered. After leaving the island, Morillo's troops reinforced existing royalist forces in the Venezuelan mainland, entering Cumaná and Caracas in May. A small part of the main corps set off towards Panamá, while the main contingent was directed from Puerto Cabello towards the Neogranadine coastal city of Santa Marta which was still in royalist hands.

After picking up supplies and militia volunteers in Santa Marta on July 23, the Spanish expeditionary forces besieged Cartagena. After a five-month siege the fortified city fell on December 1815. By 1816, the combined efforts of Spanish and colonial forces, marching south from Cartagena and north from royalist strongholds in Quito, Pasto, and Popayán, completed the reconquest of New Granada, taking Bogotá on May 6, 1816. A permanent consejo de guerra was set up to judge those accused of treason and rebellion, resulting in the execution of more than a hundred notable republican officials, including Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Francisco José de Caldas and José María Cabal. Units of the republican armies of New Granada were incorporated into the royalist army and sent to Peru.

Patriot reactions
On learning of the arrival of the expeditionary force, republican leaders assumed various positions. Internal divisions, which had developed during the previous years of struggle, softened but still remained a considerable obstacle. In the end, they prevented a coordinated effort by the different factions, although there were some attempts to do so, such as under the United Provinces of New Granada. One significant factor in the disunity was that representatives of the United Kingdom and of the United States refused to grant political recognition and would not commit the sufficient amount of economic and military aid to successfully resist Morillo's force. In addition, the provinces themselves did not give each other much-needed aid. Finally, several notable individuals, whose leadership would have been useful, decided to exile themselves, although other republican leaders remained in the region and tried to reorganize their military and political activities in order to face the new threat.

As a result of the internal conflicts in New Granada, Simón Bolívar, who had been acting under the authority of the United Provinces, left his command on May 8, 1815, after failing to subdue Cartagena in March in retaliation for its refusal to give him arms and men. Bolívar traveled to Jamaica and later Haiti, a small republic that had freed itself from French rule, where he and other independence leaders were given a friendly reception. Eventually, the growing exile community received money, volunteers and weapons from Haitian president Alexandre Pétion, and resumed the struggle for independence in the remote border areas of both New Granada and Venezuela, where they established irregular guerrilla bands with the locals. This formed the basis from which the struggle to establish republics successfully spread towards the other areas of South America under Spanish control.

See also
Patria Boba
Reconquista (Spanish America)
Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada
History of Colombia

Bibliography
 Costeloe, Michael P. Response to Revolution: Imperial Spain and the Spanish American Revolutions, 1810-1840.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
 Earle, Rebecca. Spain and the Independence of Colombia, 1810-1825. Exter: University of Exter Press, 2000.
 Stoan, Stephen K. Pablo Morillo and Venezuela, 1815-1820. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1959.

Viceroyalty of New Granada
Conflicts in 1815
Conflicts in 1816
Colonial Colombia
Colonial Venezuela
Independence of Colombia
Venezuelan War of Independence
Spanish American wars of independence
Military history of Colombia
Military history of Venezuela
Wars involving Colombia
Wars involving Spain
Wars involving Venezuela
1815 in Colombia
1816 in Colombia
1815 in Venezuela
1816 in Venezuela
1815 in the Viceroyalty of New Granada
1816 in the Viceroyalty of New Granada
Attacks in Venezuela

Spanish reconquest of New Granada