Kotayk (, ), is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located at the central part of the country. Its capital is Hrazdan and the largest city is Abovyan. It is named after the Kotayk canton of the historic Ayrarat province of Ancient Armenia.

Kotayk is bordered by Lori Province from the northwest, Tavush Province from the north, Gegharkunik Province from the north, Aragatsotn Province from the southwest, and Ararat Province from the southwest and the capital Yerevan from the west. Kotayk is the only province in Armenia that has no borders with foreign countries.

The province is home to many ancient landmarks and tourist attractions in Armenia including the 1st-century Temple of Garni, the medieval Bjni Fortress, 11th-century Kecharis Monastery and the 13th-century monastery of Geghard. Kotayk is also home to the popular winter sports resort and the spa-town of Tsaghkadzor and the mountain resort of Aghveran.

Etymology and symbol

Kotayk Province is named after the historic Kotayk canton of the historic Ayrarat province of Ancient Armenia, directly ruled by the royal Arsacid dynasty.

Kotayk was first mentioned as an Armenian region by Ptolemy as Kotakene. According to Movses Khorenatsi, the name Kotayk is derived from an ancient nearby settlement called Kutis.

The symbol of Kotayk is the lion of Geghard depicted on the coat of arms of the province, standing on a traditional Armenian sundial from Kecharis Monastery, surround by a bunch of Armenian grapes from both sides. The decorative statue of the lion of Geghard was erected in 1958 among the mountains of Kotayk, on the way to the 4th-century Geghard monastery. It is derived from the decorative lions carved on the walls of the monastery. The 1st-century pagan Temple of Garni is also depicted on the coat of arms of Kotayk.

Geography

Situated at the central part of modern-day Armenia, Kotayk covers an area of  (7% of total area of Armenia). It is bordered by Gegharkunik Province from the east, Tavush Province from the northeast, Lori Province from the north, Aragatsotn Province from the west, Ararat Province from the south and the capital Yerevan from the southwest.

Historically, the current territory of the province mainly occupies parts of the Aragatsotn, Kotayk, Varazhnunik and Mazaz cantons of Ayrarat province of Ancient Armenia.

Kotayk occupies the northeastern part of the Ararat plain. The Kotayk plain located between Hrazdan and Azat rivers has a height of  above sea level. It is dominated by the Gegham mountains from the northeast including the mountains of Azhdahak, Hatis and Gutanasar. The province approximates the Pambak mountains at the north, while the Tsaghkunyats mountains lie at the west, and the Voghjaberd mountains at the southwest of Kotayk.

Affected by the Gegham volcanoes, the land relief of Kotayk is covered with lava and tufa.

Hrazdan, Getar and Azat are the 3 major rivers of the province. Lake Akna located at a height of , is the only lake in the province.

The climate of the province is quite diversified. It ranges between arid and semi-arid climate at the south, and snowy climate at the centre and the north. Annual precipitation levels are less than  at the dry areas, while it ranges between 400 and  at the heights in the centre and the north of the province.

History

The earliest records about the region date back to the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. According to Ptolemy, Kotayk was directly ruled by the Arsacid kings of Armenia. However, during the 4th and the 5th centuries, the territories were granted to the Varazhnuni noble family who governed the forests and lands used as a hunting ground by the kings of the Arsacid kings. Later between the 5th and 7th centuries, the region was granted to the Kamsarakan and Amatuni families, under the Persian rule. Between the 7th and 9th centuries, Armenia suffered from the Arab Islamic occupation.

By the end of the 9th century, the region became part of the newly established Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia. Between the 11th and 15th centuries, the region suffered from the Seljuk, Mongol, Ag Qoyunlu and Kara Koyunlu invasions, respectively.

At the beginning of the 16th century, the territory of modern-day Kotayk became part of the Erivan Beglarbegi within the Safavid Persia. During the first half of the 18th century, the territory became part of the Erivan Khanate under the rule of the Afsharid dynasty and later under the Qajar dynasty of Persia. It remained under the Persian rule until 1827–1828, when Eastern Armenia was ceded to the Russian Empire as a result of the Russo-Persian War of 1826–28 and the signing of the Treaty of Turkmenchay. With the fall of the Russian Empire and after the decisive Armenian victories over the Turks in the battles of Sardarabad, Abaran, and Gharakilisa, the region became part of the independent Armenia in May 1918.

After 2 years of brief independence, Armenia became part of the Soviet Union in December 1920. After the World War II, Kotayk witnessed major growth and development under the soviet rule. Many new urban settlements and industrial centres were established in the region, including the towns of Byureghavan (1945), Charentsavan (1947), Nor Hachn (1953), Hrazdan (1959) and Abovyan (1963). Thus Kotayk had gradually become a major industrial region within the Armenian SSR.

Between 1930 and 1995, modern-day Kotayk was divided into 3 raions: Kotayk raion, Nairi raion, and Hrazdan raion. With the territorial administration reform of 1995, the 3 raions were merged to form the Kotayk Province.

Demographics

Population
According to the 1989 Soviet census, the Kotayk Province (then part of the Kotayk, Nairi, and Hrazdan districts in 1930–1995) had a population of 301,737. 153,410 or 50.84% of which was urban, distributed in the cities of Abovyan (58,671), Hrazdan (60,839), and Charentsavan (33,900), and 148,327 or 49.16% were rural, distributed in the districts of Kotayk (63,099), Nairi (56,325), and Hrazdan (28,903).
According to the 2011 official census, Kotayk has a population of 254,397 (123,524 men and 130,873 women), forming around 8.4% of the entire population of Armenia. The urban population is 137,481 (54%) and the rural is 116,916 (46%). The province has 7 urban and 60 rural communities. The largest urban community is the town of Abovyan, with a population of 43,495. The other urban centres are Hrazdan, Charentsavan, Yeghvard, Byureghavan, Nor Hachn, and Tsaghkadzor.

With a population of 7,198, the village of Jrvezh is the largest rural municipality of Kotayk.

Ethnic groups and religion

The majority of Kotayk Province are ethnic Armenians who belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church. The regulating body of the church is the Diocese of Kotayk, headed by Archbishop Arakel Karamyan. The Kecharis Monastery in Tsaghkadzor is the seat of the diocese.

However, small communities of Yazdis in Zovuni, Bjni, Getamej, and Dzoraghbyur.

Zovuni and Alapars have a significant number of Russian Molokans.

Hankavan has a majority of Greeks, while the village of Arzni is predominantly populated by Assyrians.

Minor communities of Russian Molokans, Yazidis, Kurds, Assyrians and Greeks are also found in Abovyan and Byureghavan.

Administrative divisions

As a result of the administrative reforms took place on 9 June 2017, Kotayk is currently divided into 42 municipal communities (hamaynkner), of which 7 are urban and 35 are rural:

During the recent years, many rural settlements in Kotayk became abandoned, including the village of Saranist.

Culture
The Hrazdan Drama Theatre was founded in 1953. The Hrazdan branch of the National Gallery of Armenia and the Geological Museum of Hrazdan are also among the prominent cultural institutions in the province.

The urban centres of Kotayk have their own cultural centres and public libraries.

The House-museum of Brothers Orbeli in Tsaghkadzor, is dedicated to the Armenian scientists Ruben, Levon and Joseph Orbeli.

The town of Yeghvard has a number of historic structures dating back to classical antiquity and the medieval period, including the "Seghanasar" ancient settlement from the 2nd millennium BC, the ruins of a 4th-century church surrounded with more than 30 khachkars dating back to the 12th century, the ruins of the 5th to 6th-centuries Katoghike Church, and the well-preserved Holy Mother of God Church of 1301.

Fortresses and archaeological sites

Darani Cyclopean fortress, 2nd millennium BC,
Seghanasar ancient settlement of Yeghvard, 2nd millennium BC,
Jrvezh fortress, 2nd millennium BC,
Garni Temple of the 1st century AD,
Bjni Fortress of the 9th century,
Astghaberd fortress of Hatis, medieval period

Churches and monasteries

Geghard monastery, founded in the 4th century,
Surp Kiraki church in Arzni of the 6th century,
Ptghnavank monastery, 6th to 7th centuries,
Teghenyats Monastery, 6th to 7th centuries,
Artavaz Monastery of the 7th century,
Gharghavank monastery of the 7th century,
 Dzagavank Monastery of the 7th century,
 Mayravank Monastery of the 7th century,
Neghuts Monastery of the 10th century,
Makravank Monastery,
Holy Mother of God church in Bjni of 1031
Kecharis Monastery, 11th to 13th centuries,
Havuts Tar monastery, 11th to 13th centuries,
Mashtots Hayrapet Church of Garni of the 12th century,
Tejharuyk Monastery of the Georgian Orthodox Church, opened in 1199,
Yeghvard Church of 1301,
Kaptavank Church of 1349,
Holy Mother of God church in Arinj of the 15th century,
Surp Hovhannes church of Abovyan opened in 2013.
Surb Karapet church in Rndamal (Djrarat) village, 10th to 12th centuries, reconstructed and reopened in 2008

Transportation

The M-4 Motorway connects the province with the rest of Armenia. The local urban and rural settlements are connected to each other with a well-developed network of roads.

Being very close to the capital Yerevan, the towns of Kotayk are regularly connected with the capital city with minu bus trips operating throughout the day.

Economy

Agriculture

Kotayk is a major centre for agricultural products and cattle-breeding in Armenia, forming 6% of the annual total agricultural product of Armenia. Around 74% (1,546.4 km2) of the total area of the province are arable lands, out of which 24.4% (378 km2) are ploughed. A total of 36,125 farms in Kotayk are operated by the private sector or through cooperatives.

The agricultural products of the province are divided as follows: 40% provided by cattle-breeding 40%, 14% by tobacco processing, 10% by fruits, 8% by vegetables, 28% by other products including grains and dry grains. The orchards mainly produce grapes, apricot, peach and apple.

Around 40% of the farmlands are irrigated, mainly through the Kanaker Hydroelectric Power Station canal and the Kotayk canal of Sevan–Hrazdan Cascade.

Kotayk has the 3 largest poultry farms in Armenia including the farms of Lusakert (in Nor Geghi), Arzni and Getamej.

Industry
Kotayk was a major industrial centre during the Soviet period. The towns of Byureghavan, Charentsavan, Nor Hachn, Hrazdan and Abovyan were founded by the USSR government between the 1940s and the 1960s to promote the industrial capacity of the Armenian SSR. However, many industrial plants have been revived after the independence of Armenia, mainly during the first decade of the 21st century. Currently, the province has a contribution of 13.5% in the annual total industrial product of Armenia. Food-processing, alcoholic beverages and building materials production are the prevailing sectors in the industry of the province.

Hrazdan is the most industrialized town of Kotayk. The Hrazdan Hydro Power Plant opened in 1959, the Hrazdan Thermal Power Plant opened in 1966, and the Hrazdan Cement factory opened in 1970, are among the largest plants in Armenia. The Qualitech Machinery machine tool-plant was founded in 1999. The town has also minor industrial firms including Hidro Storm metal-plastic manufacturing plant founded in 2009, as well as Arjermek and Hakobyan plants for building materials.
Charentsavan is another major industrial centre in Kotayk. The town is home to many types of industries including Dzulakentron metal casting plant founded in 1962, Charentsavan Precision Tool-Making Plant founded in 1964, Khorda Hydroturbines Manufacturing Enterprise founded in 2006, Bjni and Noy mineral waters factory founded in 2010, and Lubawa Armenia safety equipments production founded in 2014.
Yeghvard has many major industrial plants, including Yeghvard Wine-Brandy Factory founded in 1966, Nairishin building materials plant founded in 1986, Yeghvard sport shoes factory founded in 1987, Yeghvard yeast plant founded in 1991, Yeghvard Combined Feed Factory founded in 1993, Semur & Co steel and metal manufacturing plant founded in 2003, and Shahnazaryan Wine-Brandy House founded in 2005. In 2016, the "Armoil" company for petroleum has built an oil refinery in Yeghvard. The town is also home to the "65 Military Factory" specialized in military products.
Byureghavan is major industrial centre since the Soviet period. The town's largest firms were opened during the Soviet days, including Arzni Group mineral water plant founded in 1925 in Arzni and relocated to Byureghavan in 1974, Glass World enterprise for glass manufacturing founded in 1947, Almaqar stone-processing enterprise founded in 1971, and Sunenergashin reinforced concrete columns manufacturers founded in 1973. During the 1990s, Byuregh Alco Winery for wine, brandy and vodka (founded in 1996), and Varat stone crushing plant (founded in 1997) were opened.
Abovyan has an industrial district located to the south of the town. It is home to Suardi Armenia factory for building materials since 1963, Samkon Brandy Factory since 1970 (privatized in 1998), the famous Kotayk Brewery founded in 1974, Poli-Serv factory for polymer products since 2001, Ginevan Winery for wine, brandy, beer and canned food since 2011, and Italasphalt LLC for asphalt and concrete production since 2015. Other major firms include Tamara factory for dairy products and sweets since 1988, Luma factory for meet products and chips since 1995, Armstone plant for building materials since 1996, Sipan canned food and soft drinks plant since 2003, and Tamara Food for convenience food since 2007.
Nor Hachn is famous for its diamond cutting plants with many enterprises, including Shoghakn plant founded in 1958, Andranik plant founded in 1994, Arevakn plant founded in 2000, and Agates plant founded in 2001.
Being located at the eastern suburbs of Yerevan, the village of Jrvezh is home to a large number of industrial firms, including Arega Cannery since 1995, Garni Crystalline water manufacturers since 1999, Jrvezh Meat Factory since 2006, Javale" factory for plastic products since 2008, and T-Pharma pharmaceuticals plant since 2017.
The village of Balahovit is also home to several industrial firms, including Argishty mechanical enterprise since 1989, Saranist factory for glass containers since 1989, and Filishin LLC for concrete since 2007.

Other major industrial firms located in the villages of Kotayk include: Chanakh dairy factory founded in 1991 in Zovk, Glanzh Alco Winery for cognac and wine founded in 2003 in Aramus, Nicola International Armenia for canned food in Aramus (since 2003), Ptghni Gold Winery for wine and liquor founded in 1996 in Ptghni, Bacon factory for meet products founded in 1995 in Arzni, Multi Aquamarine for spring water since 2003 in Akunk, Aquastone spring water manufacturers in Bjni since 2012, Rukar Group for vodka and calvados since 2010 in Verin Ptghni, Helias Vineyards for wine production since 2013 in Dzoraghbyur, and Pacific Home for spring water production founded in 2014 in Akunk.

Tourism

Tsaghkadzor spa town is a popular mountain resort in Kotayk with its several hotels and sanatoriums. The Tsaghkadzor ski resort is a major destination for the lovers of winter sports. Many 5-star luxury hotels and resorts serve the town during the summer and winter seasons including the Marriott Tsaghkadzor Hotel, Multi Rest House Hotel, Golden Palace Hotel and Ararat Resort Tsaghkadzor Hotel. The "Senator Golden Palace" casino of Tsaghkadzor is among the largest entertainment centers in Armenia.

The villages of Hankavan, Pyunik, Agveran, Bjni and Arzni are popular summer resorts and major destinations for medical tourism.

The monastery of Geghard located at the south of province is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, designated as the Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley. The pagan Temple of Garni and the medieval Kecharis Monastery are also among the attractive monuments of the province.

The province has 3 nature protected areas: the Arzakan-Meghradzor Sanctuary, the Banks' Pine Grove Sanctuary, and the Hankavan Hydrological Sanctuary.

Kotayk has many spa and mountain resorts that attract tourists, including:
Hankavan mountain resort,
Aghveran mountain resort,
Tsaghkadzor spa town,
Tsaghkadzor ski resort.

Education
Hrazdan is home to the Humanitarian University of Hrazdan. Owned by the private sector, the university has 3 faculties: law, pedagogy and economics.

2 major science institutions and research centres are located in Abovyan: the Republican Hospital of tuberculosis and the Institute of Biological Microbes of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences.

The Armenak Khanperyants Military Aviation University is located near the town of Nor Hachn.

As of the 2015-16 educational year, Kotayk has 103 public schools as well as 1 private school. The number of state pre-school kindergartens is 54.

Sport

Football, basketball and other Olympic sports including weightlifting and wrestling are popular in Kotayk.

FC Kotayk founded in 1955, is one of the oldest football clubs in Armenia. Like many other football teams in the country, the club was forced to default from the Armenian football league and consequently from professional football since 2005, due to financial crisis. The short-lived King Delux FC of Abovyan played a single season in the Armenian First League of 2012–13. Other defunct football teams of Kotayk include FC Moush Charentsavan, Hachn FC, FC Shinarar Hrazdan, FC Yeghvard, FC Dinamo Yeghvard and FC Moush Kasagh.

Abovyan City Stadium is the largest sports venue in the province. Stadiums with minor capacities are also found in Hrazdan, Nor Hachn, Charentsavan and Kasagh.

The town of Tsaghkadzor is a major centre for sports in general, mainly winter sports. It has a large sports complex as well as a ski resort.

The Zepyur Football Training Camp is located in the village of Pyunik at the north of Kotayk. The Dzoraghbyur Training Centre owned by FC Ararat Yerevan is also located in Kotayk, in the Dzoraghbyur village.

Notable natives
Grigor Magistros (990–1058), Armenian scholar and linguist.
Leon Orbeli (1882–1958), Armenian physiologist.
Djivan Gasparyan, renowned Armenian musician.
Armen Nazaryan, Armenian judoka.
Vanes Martirosyan, Armenian-American professional boxer.
Masis Voskanyan, Armenian footballer.

Gallery

See also
 Tsaghkadzor ski resort

References

External links

 Kotayk Guide with detailed descriptions, by Rick Ney
 Kotayk Marz Tourist Guide

Provinces of Armenia

Kotayk Province


Bronski est un nom de famille :
 Steve Bronski (1960-2021) : musicien britannique.

 Musique
 Bronski Beat : groupe britannique de synthpop et new wave.

Voir aussi
 Bronsky (Edika)

Bronski


Superconducting Super Collider (abreviat SSC) trebuia să fie un accelerator de particule gigant, amplasat la Waxahachie, Texas. Studiile de proiectare au început în anul 1983 iar construcția a început în 1991. În 1993 Congresul SUA a decis abandonarea proiectului, după ce 2 miliarde de dolari din cele 4,4 miliarde alocate inițial fuseseră cheltuite (între timp costul total fusese reestimat la 12 miliarde).

Acceleratorul SSC urma să fie instalat într-un tunel cu circumferința de 87 km și să permită cercetări de fizica particulelor elementare în ciocniri proton-antiproton la energii de 2 × 20 TeV. Prin comparație, Large Hadron Collider de la CERN, care a devenit funcțional în 2008 la un cost de 6 miliarde de dolari, este găzduit într-un tunel cu circumferința de 27 km și operează la energie maximă 2 × 7 TeV; la parametri mai modești decât SSC, acesta este acceleratorul collider în funcțiune cel mai puternic din lume și a realizat detectarea bosonului Higgs în 2013.

Note

Lectură suplimentară

 Leon Lederman: The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question?, Dell Publishing, 1993. ISBN-13: 978-0385312110  ISBN-10: 0385312113.

Legături externe

 Quantum și Flash Modin: The High Water Mark of American Science, la physics central, 24 martie 2011 (accesat la 15 octombrie 2018).

 Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), la archive.today webpage capture, 25 februarie 2015 (accesat la 14 octombrie 2018).

Acceleratoare de particule

Superconducting Super Collider


An Vriesea friburgensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Christian Mez. An Vriesea friburgensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Vriesea, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 V. f. friburgensis
 V. f. paludosa
 V. f. tucumanensis

Mga kasarigan

Vriesea

Vriesea friburgensis


FK TSC je nogometni klub iz Bačke Topole, Srbija. Trenutno se natječe u Superligi Srbije. Klub se po prvi put u svojoj povijesti plasirao u najviši razred srbijanskog nogometa u sezoni 2018/19, kada je završio na prvom mjestu Prve lige Srbije.

Ime
"TSC" predstavlja akronim od prvog imena kluba "Topolyai Sport Club" odnosno "Topolski sportski klub" kako u prijevodu glasi prvo ime kluba. Današnje službeno ime je "TSC" a ne "Topolski sportski klub" ili "Topolski sportski club", iako akronim vodi porijeklo od tog naziva.

Tijekom svoje povijesti, klub je više puta mijenjao svoje ime. Na početku 1920., klub mijenja naziv iz "TSK" (Topolski sportski klub) u "JAK" (Jugoslovenski atletski klub). Poslije Drugog svjetskog rata, klub menja naziv u "Eđseg", a 1951. u "Topola". Godine 1974., nakon spajanja s FK Panonijom, nastaje FK "AIK Bačka Topola". Godine 2005. ime mijenja u FK Bačka Topola. Povodom proslave 100 godina od osnivanja kluba, 2013. donesena je odluka da se umjesto tadašnjeg promijeni ime u TSC. Tim imenom je i klub danas registriran u Srbijanskom nogometnom savezu.

 1913. – 1930.: Topolaj sportski klub
 1930. – 1942.: Jugoslovenski atletski klub Bačka Topola
 1942. – 1945.: Topolaj SE
 1945. – 1951.: FK Eđseg
 1951. – 1974.: FK Topola
 1974. – 2005.: FK AIK Bačka Topola
 2005. – 2013.: FK Bačka Topola
 2013. – danas: FK TSC Bačka Topola

Povijest

Prvi nogometni klub u Bačkoj Topoli formiran je 1912., a službeno postoji od 1913. godine kao "Topolyai Sport Club". Tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata klub je igrao u Drugoj ligi Mađarske gdje mu je najveći uspjeh drugo mjesto.

Nakon Drugog svetskog rata klub se natjecao u Subotičkoj ligi, a kasnije i u Srpskoj ligi. Izgradnja stadiona u Gradskom parku, gdje se i danas nalazi, je počela početkom 1930-ih godina. Godine 1974. dolazi do fuzije s FK "Panonija" te nastaje FK "AIK Bačka Topola".

Najveći uspjeh kluba predstavlja igranje u Drugoj saveznoj ligi SFRJ. Godine 1980., AIK je osvoja Vojvođansku ligu, čime je izborio plasman u Zapadnu grupu Druge savezne lige SFRJ. U drugom rangu, AIK je proveo ukupno pet sezona (tijekom 1980-ih): četiri uzastopne, od 1980. do 1984., te sezonu 1985./86. Od 1986. do 1996., klub je proveo u trećem razredu natjecanja - Vojvođanskoj ligi, Međurepubličkoj ligi –  Sjever pa nakon raspada SFRJ, srpskoj ligi.

Nakon nekoliko sezona u zoni Vojvodine, klub se vraća u najjači rang 1999. godine i u njoj ostaje sve do 2003. godine. Na kraju sezone 2002./03., zbog financijskih problema, AIK prestaje s radom. Seniorski tim prestaje s takmičenjima dok su mlađe kategorije i dalje funkcionirale.

Spajanjem s FK Bajša, 2005. godine klub se reformira i dobiva naziv FK Bačka Topola. Bačka Topola nastavlja takmičenje u Vojvođanskoj ligi – Sjever (četvrti rang natjecanja).

Generalni sponzor kluba je tvrtka SAT-TRAKT d.o.o. Bačka Topola. Predsjednik kluba je Sabolč Palađi. Izvršena su velika ulaganja u klub, prije svega od strane mađarskog nogometnog saveza u izgradnju i sređivanju stadiona, stabilizaciju prve momčadi i izgradnju akademije.

Krajem sezone 2016./17., rad i investicija daju rezultate odličnim igrama u prvenstvu. Nakon odustajanja Bratstva 1946., Apatina i Omladinca, klub, kao trećeplasirani, u Srpskoj ligi Vojvodine ulazi u Prvu ligu. U sezoni 2017./18. ostvarili su plasman na 4. mjestu Prve lige Srbije. Sljedeće sezone klub ostvaruje povijesni uspjeh osvajanjem prvog mjesta i plasmanom u Superligu Srbije. Na kraju sezone 2019/20. klub osvaja 4. mjesto i tako ostvaruje plasman u kvalifikacije za Europsku ligu.

Među poznatijim igračima koji su igrali za TSC spadaju Dušan Tadić, Nikola Žigić, Andrija Kaluđerović i Norbert Kenjveš.

Stadion
Domaći teren TSC-a naziva se Gradski stadion koji može primiti do 4.000 gledatelja. Izgradnja samog stadiona bila je završena 1930-ih. Godine 2017., TSC je objavio kako će započeti izgradnju novog stadiona. Iz istog razloga, sezone 2018./19. klub je igrao domaće utakmice na Gradskom stadionu u Senti, kao i u sezoni 2019./2020. Završetak radova na izgradnji novog stadiona je najavljen 2021. godine.

Trenutni sastav

Uspjesi

 Prva liga SrbijePobjednik: 2018./19.

 Bačka liga
Pobjednik: 2014./15.

 Vojvođanska liga – SjeverPobjednik''': 1999./00., 2006./07.

Plasman u nacionalnim prvenstvima

TSC u europskim natjecanjima

Tehničko osoblje

Unutarnje poveznice
 Bačka Topola

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Nogometni klubovi u Sjevernobačkom okrugu
Općina Bačka Topola

FK TSC Bačka Topola


"Jutlandia" er en sang af Kim Larsen & Bellami. Den var med på albummet Forklædt som voksen fra 1986.

Komposition
Sangen er skrevet og komponeret af Kim Larsen og produceret af Poul Bruun.

Tekst
Larsen starter sangen med sætningen "Det var i 1949 eller cirka deromkring, da der var krig i Korea", og er dermed upræcis hvad angår starten på Koreakrigen, som var i 1950.

Kommercielt
På KODA's liste over de mest spillede danske sange live i 2013, var "Jutlandia" nummer to; i øvrigt med "Kvinde Min" på førstepladsen, og "Rabalderstræde", "Hva' gør vi nu, lille du?" og "This Is My Life" på de næste pladser.

Personel
Følgende er en liste over de personer der var med til at indspille sangen:
 Kim Larsen - Sang, guitar, sangskriver, komponist
 Jan Lysdahl - Kor, keyboard, guitar, trommer
 Peter Ingemann - Kor, keyboard
 Henning Pold - Kor, keyboard, el-bas
 Thomas Grue - Kor, guitar
 Mek Pek - Trompet
 Ole Hansen - Trompet, piccolofløjte
 Kim Neergaard - Trombone, basun
 Kenneth Agerholm - Trombone, basun
 Niels Mathiasen - Tenorsaxofon
 Ole Himmelstrup - Tenorsaxofon, barytonsaxofon
 Jens Haack - Tenorsaxofon, barytonsaxofon
 Hjörtur Blöndal - Lydeffekter
 Poul Bruun - Producer

Variationer
Til projektet Alsang 2020 i anledning af 75-året for Danmarks befrielse indsang Jael Nordbek Azoulay sangen på fransk.

Hitlister

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Sange fra 1986
Kim Larsen-sange
Højskolesangbogen

Jutlandia (sang)


Avdaga Hasić (Kladanj, 1893. – Argentina, 1982.), časnik oružanih snaga NDH. Nosio čin pukovnika.

Životopis
Rođen u Kladnju u uglednoj i bogatoj obitelji Hasić. Otac Halilaga uz Avdagu je imao još dvojicu sinova koji su se istaknuli. Avdagin brat Ahmo bio je politički komesar u partizanima i komadant kladanjskog partizanskog Odreda. Brat Raif bio je sljedbenika pokreta Mladih Muslimana za vjerska prava. Zbog toga ga je poslije rata uhitila i torturirala. Hasić je završio četiri razreda osnovne škole u Kladnju i bio je uključen u cijeli društveno-politički život kladanjskog sreza. Službovao je tri godine u austro-ugarskoj vojsci. Sudionik Prvoga svjetskog rata na tirolskoj bojišnici. Bio je zapovjednik, za što je odlikovan zlatnom kolajnom. Avdaga je bio članom prvog odbora Gajreta u Kladnju. U politici je bio pristaša dr Mehmeda Spahe, odnosno aktivist i sljedbenik Jugoslavenske muslimanske organizacije čijim je vođom bio Spaho. Hasić je bio zastupnik u Drinskoj banovini kod ministra Hasandedića.

Kad je osnovana NDH, kao delegat iz Kladnja s predstavnicima iz Tuzle i Zvornika sudjelovao je u razgovorima u Zagrebu s Kvaternikom o Rezoluciji BiH, a koja se odnosi na autonomnost muslimana tj. zaštitu narodnog puka. 7. prosinca 1941. vrh NDH suglasio se da se može postrojiti domobranske formacije na dragovoljnoj osnovi muslimanskih vjernika.
Prosinca 1941. na inicijativu zapovjednika III. bojne 8. pješačke pukovnije Muhameda Hadžiefendića, domobranskog pukovnika, ministarstvo domobranstva odobrilo je postroj Dobrovoljačkog odjela narodnog ustanka sa sjedištem u Tuzli. Tad je Hadžiefendić stavio pod jedno zapovjedništvo dotad nepovezane seoske straže. Postrojbu je narod nazvao Legijom.

U Tuzli su tad osnovani dragovoljački odredi pod zapovjedništvom Muhameda Hadžiefendića. Stvorenom muslimanskom legijom u tom kraju osigurana je sigurnost muslimanima. Muslimanska legija pokrivala je oko 600 četvornih kilometara i pokrivala je područje na istoku od Zvornika i Bijeljine, na sjeveru Orašja i Šamca, do Gračanice na zapadu i Kladnja i Olova na jugu, između rijeka Drine, Save, Bosne i Krivaje. Najbolje ustrojene pukovnije bile su u Kladnju gdje im je zapovijedao Hasić, u Bijeljini gdje je zapovijedao Nedim Šahinspahić, Gračanici gdje su ih vodili Sejdo Đulović i Ibrahim Pjanić, te postrojbe u dolini Krivaje gdje su zapovjednici bili Zaim Kapetanović i Mujčin Mujić iz Ribnice. Muslimanska legija je već 1942.godine imala preko 6000 dragovoljaca. Kladanj je u to doba bio neosvojiv četnicima i partizanima, koji su ga znali zajedno napadati, što je potvrdio narodni heroj Rodoljub Čolaković u Zapisima iz NOR-a. Kladanj su tad zvali su tvrđava – kladanjski Alkazar. Zbog uspješne junačke obrane NDH ga je proglasila vitezom, a kladanjsku legiju "Viteškom bojnom". Koliko je Kladanj bio sigurno uporište NDH, prepričava se pismo Avdage Hasića poglavniku Anti Paveliću u kojem mu je napisao "Dragi prijatelju, ako nisi siguran i bezbjedan u Zagrebu, dođi kod mene u Kladanj." Preformiranjem u Domdo pukovnije, u sjeveroistočnoj Bosni bile su bojne Hadžiefendićeve Domdo pukovnije, Domdo bojna Teslić (zapovjednik Avdo Ferizbegović, poslije veliki župan Usore i Soli, ubijen u Doboju 1944. u atentatu), Domdo bojna u Derventi te Počastna viteška bojna branitelja Kladnja, kojom je zapovijedao pričuvni satnik Hasić i nešto poslije jedna Domdo bojna u Gračanici.
Proljeća 1944. situacija se u sjeveroistočnoj bosni okrenula u korist Osovine. Postrojene su nove postrojbe, XXV. djelatna bojna Ustaške vojnice za područje Gračanice zapovjednika Ibrahima Pjanića, XIV. djelatna bojna za područje Lukavca i Tuzle, zapovjendika Mustafe Jakubovića te XXXIV. počastna viteška bojna Avdage Hasića u Kladnju. Lipnja 1944. te tri bojne i XXXIX. djelatna bojna Bosanski Šamac ujedinjene su u 12. stajaći djelatni sdrug Ustaške vojnice, za čijeg je zapovjendika imenovan Hasić i unaprijeđen u čin dopukovnika. Sdrug je potpadao pod zapovjedništvo II. zbornog područja u Brodu na Savi. Reorganiziranjem jeseni 1944., kad su se snage NDH prisiljene u defanzivu i povlačenje, stožer sdruga premješten je u Brčko, a 12. stajaći djelatni sdrug skupa s 3. gorskim sdrugom (prije 10. posadni) uključen u sastav 12. hrvatske divizije. Zapovjednik divizije bio je pukovnik Cesarić, a Hasić je imenovan za zamjenika.

Pukovnik vojnice u Kladnju, gdje je NDH imala snažno uporište. Hasić je ondje obnašao dužnost kotarskog predstojnika. Hasić je sa svojom vojskom obranio stanovnike Kladnja, Olova, Tuzle, Vlasenice i mjesta o donjem toku Drine. Većinom se borio protiv zloglasnih četnika Jezdimira Dangića iz Bratunca, čelnika osiguranja na dvoru kralja Petra Karađorđevića.
Partizanski narodni heroj Miloš Zekić iz Šekovića često je sastajao se i pregovarao s Hasićem na putu između Šekovića i Kladnja. Jednom mu je ponudio prijeći sa svojom vojskom u partizane, kao što je bilo omogućeno brojnim četnicima. Hasić se prema Zekićevoj ocjeni premišljao a prevagu je donijela Avdagina supruga Emilija iz Zagreba, koja je bila protiv toga da se Avdaga priključi partizanima. Tito je pokušao nadmudriti Hasića molbom da ga pusti proći kroz Kladanj i da neće neprijateljski djelovati. Odgovorio je Hasić preko tekliča da "nema šanse da on prođe sa partizanima ili bilo koja druga vojska kroz Kladanj i da dobro zna šta znači ta podvala,u smislu da prođemo mirno, pa ćemo lakše osvojiti grad". Govorio je da nitkome ne dopušta proći kroz Kladanj, mi četnicima, ni partizanima, Nijemcima, Talijanima, pa ni ustašama i domobranima ako nemaju odobrenja i ako nisu pod njegovim zapovjedništvom.

Sudionik završnih bitaka u Posavini i travanjske bitke za Odžak 1945. godine. Početkom četničko-partizanske ofenzive bila je posebno zaštićena bolnica u seoskoj kući. Za obranu sela Balegovca raspoređeni su Dragutin Varga zapovjednik Modriče i Garevca, te vitez Ibrahim Pjanić i Avdaga Hasić. Pred kraj bitke skupina od oko 170 ustaša koja se zatekla u Vlaškoj Mali uvidjela je da im se bliže posljednji trenutci te se odlučila pokušati očajnički proboj. Udarili su tako silovito na 14. brigadu zapovjednika Stevu Kovačevića da su odmah probili partizanske crte i našli se partizanima iza leđa. Mnogi ustaše iz te skupine tako su se spasili, a među njima su bili Pavelićevi vitezovi pukovnik Ibrahim Pjanić i pukovnik Avdaga Hasić. Probijali su se dalje kroz šume do Austrije.

Umro je 1982., a postoji verzija po kojoj je umro 1945. godine.
Engleska bleiburška prijevara i sramno izručenje hrvatskih civila i razoružanih vojnika Titovim koljačima dogodila se u to vrijeme. Kad je Hasić vidio kako su Englezi razoružali hrvatsku vojsku i bešćutno ju predali Titinim partizanima, Hasić se deprimirao. Pjaniću je rekao "Ibro izgleda da Hrvatske više nema", što mu je Pjanić potvrdio. Hasić je na to zaplakao, sam sebi rekao "E Avdo kad nema Hrvatske ne treba ni tebe", izvadio svoj samokres i pucao si u sljepoočnicu. Samoubojstvo je počinio u Lavamündu u Austriji, a pokopan je u Wolfsbergu, gdje je bio zatvor za hrvatske zarobljenike.

Prema drugima je u Bosni zadnji put viđen 1944. godine, nakon čega je preko Austrije prešao preko Zidanog mosta i završio u Argentini. Uvijek je govorio da mu je jedina želja da vratiti se u svoj rodni Kladanj i Bosnu. Nadao se da će pasti komunizam i da će mu se želja ostvariti, ali umro je prije. Umro je 1982. u Argentini, gdje je pokopan. Razmatra se prenošenje Hasićeva tijela iz Argentine.

Zbog Hasića i odanosti tamošnjeg kraja hrvatskoj državi, Kladanj i Olovo komunistički je režim kaznio na gospodarskom polju. Kladanjski i olovski kraj bili su u ekonomskoj blokadi, izolaciji i zamrznuta razvoja. Danas se ulica u središtu Kladnja zove po Hasiću.

Izvori

Domobranski časnici u Drugom svjetskom ratu
Ustaški časnici
Hrvati u Bosni i Hercegovini
Hrvati u Argentini

Avdaga Hasić


Daldere, Samsun ilinin Ladik ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Samsun il merkezine 104 km, Ladik ilçesine 23 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Ladik'in mahalleleri

Daldere, Ladik


En el ámbito militar, la localización de objetivos denota cualquier proceso que proporciona información detallada sobre fuerzas enemigas y las sitúa con suficiente precisión para permitir un seguimiento continuo o un ataque.

Véase también

 Inteligencia militar
 Vigilancia
 Reconocimiento militar

Terminología militar

Localización de objetivos


The Hockey World Cup, sometimes called the Hockey World Championships, is an international field hockey competition organised by the International Hockey Federation (FIH).  The tournament was started in 1971.  It is held every four years, bridging the four years between the Summer Olympics.

There is also a Women's Hockey World Cup, which has been held since 1974 and was organised by the International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations (IFWHA) until 1981, when the governing bodies merged into the current International Hockey Federation in 1982.

Five countries have dominated the event's history. Pakistan is the most successful team, having won the tournament four times. The Netherlands have won three titles, and ජර්මනිය and ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව have each won two titles. India won the tournament once.

The 2010 Hockey World Cup was held in India from February 28 to March 13 at New Delhi's Dhyan Chand National Stadium. ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව defeated ජර්මනිය 2-1 in the final, to win their second World Cup title.

History
The Hockey World Cup was first conceived by Pakistan's Air Marshal Nur Khan. He proposed his idea to the FIH under the name of Patrick Rowley, the first editor of World Hockey magazine. Their idea was approved on October 26, 1969, and adopted by the FIH Council at a meeting in Brussels on April 12, 1970. The FIH decided that the inaugural World Cup would be held in October 1971, in Pakistan.

However, political issues would prevent that first competition from being played in Pakistan.
Pakistan and India had been at war with each other only six years earlier.  When Pakistan invited India to compete in the tournament, a crisis arose.  Pakistanis, led by cricketer Abdul Hafeez Kardar, protested against India's participation in the Hockey World Cup.

Given the intense political climate between Pakistan and India, the FIH decided to move the tournament elsewhere.  In March 1971, the FIH decided to move the first Hockey World Cup to the Real Club de Polo grounds in Barcelona, ස්පාඤ්ඤය, which was considered a neutral and peaceful European site.

The FIH has set no requirements or limitations on the size of the competition. The 1971 Cup included only ten nations, the smallest World Cup to date. The 1978 Cup featured fourteen nations. The 2002 Cup featured sixteen nations, the largest World Cup to date. The remaining 9 World Cups have featured 12 nations.

The first three tournaments were held every two years. The 1978 Cup was the only tournament held three years from the previous tournament. Since 1982, the tournament has been held every four years, halfway between the Summer Olympics field hockey competition.

The 2006 Hockey World Cup was held at the Warsteiner HockeyPark, Mönchengladbach, ජර්මනිය from September 6 to September 17. ජර්මනිය won for the second time, defeating ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව 4–3 in the final.

Trophy
The Hockey World Cup trophy was designed by the Bashir Moojid and created by the Pakistani Army. On March 27, 1971, in Brussels, the trophy was formally handed to FIH President Rene Frank by Mr H.E Masood, the Pakistani Ambassador to Belgium. The trophy consists of a silver cup with an intricate floral design, surmounted by a globe of the world in silver and gold, placed on a high blade base inlaid with ivory. At its peak is a model hockey stick and ball. Without its base, the trophy stands 120.85 mm high.  Including the base, the trophy stands 650 mm. It weighs 11,560 g, including 895 g of gold, 6815 g of silver, 350 g of ivory and 3500 g of teak.

Format
The Hockey World Cup consists of a qualification stage and a final tournament stage. The format for each stage is the same.

Qualification
The qualification stage has been a part of the Hockey World Cup since 1977.  All participating teams play in the qualification round. The teams divide into two or more pools and compete for a berth in the final tournament. The top two teams are automatically qualified and the rest of the berths are decided in playoffs.

Final tournament
The final tournament features the continental champions and other qualified teams. Sometimes it also features the winners of the Summer Olympics' hockey competition or the continental runners-up. The teams divide into pools once more and play a round robin tournament. The composition of the pools is determined using the current world rankings. The top two teams in each pool play in the semifinals for a place in the final. The bottom two teams in the semifinals have a third place playoff. The rest of the teams have playoffs to determine their final positions. If they are third or fourth in their pool, they play for fifth place; if they are fifth or sixth in their pool, they play for ninth place.

Results

Summaries

Successful national teams

Twenty-four teams have qualified for a Hockey World Cup. Of these, eleven teams have made it to the semifinals. Seven teams have made it through to the finals. To date, Pakistan has been the most successful team in the World Cup, with four titles from six appearances in the final. The Netherlands have also been successful, with three titles from five appearances in the final.

ජර්මනිය has been the most successful team in the World Cup in recent years.  They won the tournament in 2002 and 2006.  In addition, ජර්මනිය has reached the semifinals in every World Cup except for the inaugural tournament in 1971. ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව has broken the German dream of wining World Cup for third time in a row in 2010 and now have won 2 titles. India have won their lone title in 1975.

Below is a list of teams that have finished in the top four positions in the tournament:

* = host
# = no longer in existence

Performance by host nations
Nine nations have hosted the Hockey World Cup. Only the Netherlands (1973 and 1998) and ජර්මනිය (2006) have won the tournament as hosts. Spain, England, and Pakistan emerged as host runners-up in the 1971, 1986 and 1990 tournaments. ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව placed third when it hosted the 1994 tournament in Sydney.

Performance by continental zones
To date, the finals of the Hockey World Cup have been contested by Asian, European and Oceania continental teams. Asian and European teams are tied with five titles each.  ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව is the only team from Oceania to win the tournament. The Americas is the only continental zone that has not made an appearance in a Hockey World Cup semifinal.

Team appearances

# = no longer in existence

References

Field hockey competitions

World championships

හොකි ලෝක කුසලානය


O Samsung Galaxy A02 é um smartphone Android desenvolvido e fabricado pela Samsung Electronics. Faz parte da série Galaxy A, que é voltada para o mercado intermediário. A empresa divulgou e lançou o telefone no mês de janeiro de 2021.

Software
O smartphone sai de fábrica com sistema operacional móvel Android 10 com a interface One UI 2.5 da Samsung.

Dispositivos com sistema operativo Android
Samsung Galaxy A
Smartphones

Samsung Galaxy A02


سوون سامسونغ بلووينغز (الهانغول: 수원 블루윙즈) هو نادي رياضي كوري جنوبي لكرة القدم من سوون. وأحد فرق الدوري الكوري (K-League). ويعتبر من الأندية الشهيرة في قارة آسيا

نبذة
تأسس النادي في عام 1995 من قبل مجموعة سامسونج العالمية ليشكل في ذلك الحين تاسع فريق يشارك في الدوري الكوري في موسم عام 1996. ويعتبر أول فريق كوري يتبع مدينة محددة. وهو أحد أهداف تشكيل الدوري الكوري لتعزيز المشاركة الشعبية في اللعبة.
حقق الفريق في ذلك الموسم مركز وصيف بطل الدوري وسرعان ما تمكن من تحقيق لقب البطولة في الموسم التالي في عام 1998 وعام 1999، ليعزز صدارته للعبة في كوريا الجنوبية.
كما حقق النادي بطولة دوري ابطال آسيا في عام 2000 وعام 2001، واضاف إليها كأس السوبر الآسيوي في عام 2003.

الانجازات
 محليا
 بطولة الدوري الكوري(4 مرات) في أعوام: 1998، 1999، 2004، 2008
 كأس الاتحاد الكوري (2 مرتان): 2002، 2009
 كاس السوبر (3 مرات): 1999، 2000، 2005
 خارجيا
 دوري ابطال آسيا (2مرتان): 2001، 2002
 كأس السوبر الآسيوي (2 مرتان): 2001، 2002

اللاعبون

طالع أيضا
 اتحاد كوريا الجنوبية لكرة القدم
 دوري أبطال آسيا 2009

موقع خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي للنادي

مصادر

أندية كرة قدم أسست في 1995
أندية كرة قدم غير هابطة
أندية كي ليغ كلاسيك
الرياضة في سوون
تأسيسات سنة 1995 في كوريا الجنوبية

سوون سامسونغ بلووينغز


دومانيفكا (Доманівка) هي مدينة في مقاطعة بورغاس في أوكرانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 6450 نسمة.

مراجع

تاريخ اليهود في أوكرانيا
مدن أوكرانيا
مواقع هولوكوست في أوكرانيا

دومانيفكا (بورغاس)


Svijet

Događaji
 18. siječnja  počela Pariška mirovna konferencija

Izbori i referendumi

Osnivanja i gašenja

Rođenja

Smrti

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Događaji

Izbori i referendumi

Osnivanja i gašenja

Rođenja

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Politika u 1919.


Jacqueline Marie Kelly (born 18 February 1964) is a former Australian politician who served as a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives from March 1996 until November 2007, representing the Division of Lindsay, New South Wales.

Early career
Kelly was born in Upper Hutt, New Zealand, and attended the Monte Sant' Angelo Mercy College, in North Sydney. She obtained a law degree from the University of Queensland, where she also attained a 'full blue' for rowing, and later represented Australia in the sport.

In 1987, she commenced work with the Corrective Services Department of Queensland and worked as a probation and parole officer. In May 1989, she was admitted to practice as a barrister of the Supreme Court of Queensland. From 1989 to 1996, she was a legal officer (Squadron Leader) with the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), and in June 1995, she was awarded the Helsham prize for her services to the RAAF Legal Department.

Political career

Federal politics
At the March 1996 federal election, Kelly was elected to the Australian parliament for the seat of Lindsay, based around the suburb of Penrith, on the western fringe of Sydney. However, her election was invalidated on 11 September because her employment by the RAAF contravened Section 44 (iv) of the Australian Constitution, which disqualifies from election those who hold an office of profit under the Crown. As well, she still held New Zealand citizenship, in contravention of Section 44 (i).

After resigning from the RAAF and renouncing her New Zealand citizenship, she was re-elected at the 1996 Lindsay by-election with an increased majority. At the 1998 federal election, which was largely a referendum on the proposal by Liberal-National Coalition government for a goods and services tax, she was re-elected with a slim majority, but she increased her majority at the 2001 federal election and maintained that margin at the 2004 election.

Kelly was the Minister for Sport and Tourism from October 1998 to November 2001, the Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Sydney 2000 Games from October 1998 to January 2001, and Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister from November 2001 to October 2004.

In 1999, Kelly hosted the International Drugs in Sport Summit, which dealt with the doping problem ahead of the 2000 Sydney Olympics.  Although the first sitting Australian federal parliamentarian to give birth to a child was Ros Kelly in 1983, in 2000 Kelly became the first serving Australian federal minister to give birth to a child (a daughter named Dominique).

In 2001, Kelly was attacked by the Transport Workers Union for describing the collapse of Ansett Airlines as being "about getting over a little blip and getting back into the very, very bright future that is ahead for tourism". When she was the Minister Assisting the Prime Minister (for the Office of the Status of Women), Kelly was instrumental in the development and implementation of the 'Baby Bonus' scheme, introduced in 2002.

In 2006, she was paired with Pavel Aubrecht when she competed on Torvill and Dean's Dancing on Ice and was eliminated third.

In May 2007, Kelly announced her intention to retire from federal politics at the election to be held later that year.

Pamphlet scandal

On 21 November 2007, three days before the federal election, an anonymous member of the Liberal Party contacted the assistant secretary of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), Luke Foley, with information that Liberal Party members would be distributing a flyer to letterboxes throughout the suburb of St Marys, linking the ALP with a fictional Islamic organisation. (Due to a redistribution of electoral boundaries, St Marys had been moved from the safe Labor seat of Chifley into Kelly's seat of Lindsay.) Kelly's husband, Gary Clark, and four other people, were caught when they were about to letter-box the pamphlets, which thanked the ALP for supporting Muslim terrorists. Two Liberal Party members (including Jeff Egan, and the husband of the Liberal candidate for Lindsay Greg Chijoff) were forced to resign from the party.

Having already retired, Kelly categorically denied any knowledge of the pamphlets prior to their distribution. When confronted by media at her children's school drop-off the following morning, she stated: "My view is that it is a bit of a Chaser-style prank", referring to the time the satirical TV program, The Chaser, had done a stunt in Mosman that involved claiming a mosque was to be built in the neighbourhood, and asking for comments from people on the street.

State politics
In February 2014, Kelly unsuccessfully contested the Liberal pre-selection for the seat of Penrith in the NSW parliament, held by Liberal Stuart Ayres. In October 2014, she resigned her Liberal Party membership, stating: "There's no local voice in the Liberal Party, there's no reason to be a member because the lobbyists are running the party", and also blaming the performance of the party's State Executive.

Kelly then contested Penrith at the 2015 New South Wales state election as an independent but was unsuccessful against Liberal incumbent Ayres. She did, however, direct preferences to the ALP's candidate Emma Husar. That contributed to a significant swing away from Ayres on a two-party preferred basis. Husar later won Kelly's old federal seat of Lindsay in 2016 and held it for one term.

Other

Sporting achievements
Kelly was part of Australia's elite rowing program. She was in line for selection for the Australian rowing team to the Seoul Olympics in 1988, but Rowing Australia opted not to send a women's team. In 1986, Kelly represented Australia in the under 23s rowing, in scull and double scull, as well as the Nationals. She competed in the 1994 World Masters rowing in Brisbane, winning 2 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze medals, the 1997 Australian Masters Rowing Championships in Canberra, winning 1 gold and 1 bronze, and the 1997 World Masters Rowing Championships in Adelaide, winning 2 gold.

Personal life
Kelly married Gary Clark, a local orthodontist, on 5 December 1998. They have two children, Dominique and Lachlan.

References

External links
Personal website (archived)

1964 births
Living people
People from Upper Hutt
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Lindsay
Royal Australian Air Force officers
New Zealand emigrants to Australia
Women in the Australian military
Women members of the Australian House of Representatives
Women government ministers of Australia
21st-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian women politicians
20th-century Australian politicians
Sports ministers of Australia
Tourism ministers of Australia
People educated at Monte Sant'Angelo Mercy College
20th-century Australian women politicians

Jackie Kelly


Idrizi ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Ammar Idrizi (* 2001), Schweizer Handballspieler
 Blendi Idrizi (* 1998), kosovarisch-deutscher Fußballspieler
 Meris Idrizi (* 2003), Schweizer Kickboxer
 Shpëtim Idrizi (* 1967), albanischer Politiker
 Valdete Idrizi (* 1973), kosovarische Friedensaktivistin und Politikerin

Idrizi


În optica geometrică, vergența, în unele cazuri denumită putere intrinsecă, este o mărime algebrică care caracterizează proprietățile de focalizare ale unui sistem optic. Ea este omogenă cu inversul unei lungimi în metri și se exprimă în dioptrii (δ). Vergența unui sistem optic este pozitiv pentru un sistem convergent și negativ pentru un sistem divergent: ea primește același semn cu distanța focală imagine.

În cazul unui sistem optic din aer sau din vid, vergența poate fi definită simplu ca inversul distanței focale imagine.

Pentru un sistem optic care separă medii ale căror indici de refracție, n și n' în sensul propagării luminii, sunt diferite, vergența este definită pornind de la  distanțele focale obiect f și imagine f' prin:

Într-un mod mai general, luând în cont sistemele optice constituite dintr-un număr impar de oglinzi, m fiind numărul de elemente catoptrice, vergența se exprimă:

Vergența este în mod deosebit utilizată pentru caracterizarea lentilelor corectoare (lentile de ochelari și lentile de contact) în optica fiziologică.

Vergența unui dioptru sferic
Fie un dioptru sferic cu vârful  și centrul , raza sa algebrică este notată: .  dacă dioptrul este convex, iar  dacă dioptrul este concav.

Acest dioptru separă, în sensul drumului luminii, două medii succesive cu indicii  et . Atunci, vergența acestui dioptru este:

.

Exemplu:

Dioptru sferic convex de rază , separând aerul de sticlă (în această ordine)
.

   ;      ;

Vergența unei lentile sferice

O lentilă sferică groasă este constituită din doi dioptri sferici consecutivi.

unde  desemnează indicele materialului utilizat,  indicele mediului, distanța focală imagine,  și  razele de curbură ale celor doi dioptri și  distanța dintre vârfurile dioptrilor.

În cazul simplificat al unei lentile subțiri, adică a cărei grosime este neglijabilă față de razele de curbură, în mediu de aer, relația se simplifică în felul următor:

Formula lui Gullstrand

Formula lui Gullstrand, enunțată de către suedezul Allvar Gullstrand, dă vergența unui sistem centrat în funcție de vergențele  și  ale celor două sisteme centrate care îl compus, de indice  al mediului care le separă și interstițiul  care le separă planurile principale:

.

În cazul lentilelor subțiri, distanța  este egală cu distanța care separă centrii optici. În plus, dacă cele două lentile subțiri sunt alipite,  este nul, și avem: .

Note

Bibliografie
  Richard Taillet, Pascal Febvre et Loïc Villain, De Boeck, coll. « De Boeck Supérieur », novembre 2009, 754 p.

Vezi și
 Optică geometrică
 Sistem optic
 Focometrie

Optică geometrică
Mărimi fizice

Vergență


හංගුල්  ලෙසින් හෝ  චුසංගුල් ( දකුණු කොරියාවේ  හංගුල් ලෙසින් හා  උතුරු කොරියාවේ චුසංගුල් ලෙසින් නිල වශයෙන් පිටපත් කෙරෙන ),  ලෙසින්ද හැඳින්වෙන, කොරියානු හෝඩිය යනු කොරියානු භාෂාවේ දේශීය හෝඩියයි. 1443 දී  ජෝසොන් රාජවංශය සමයෙහිදී තැනුනු එය, වර්තමානයේදී උතුරු කොරියාව සහ දකුණු කොරියාව යන දෙරටෙහිම නිල අක්ෂර මාලාව වන අතරම, චීනයෙහි  ජීලිං පළාතෙහි   යැංබියන් කොරියානු ස්වතන්ත්‍ර ප්‍රාන්තයෙහි සම-නිල අක්ෂර මාලාව වෙයි.  දකුණු කොරියාවේ, හංගුල් භාවිතයේදී  හංජා ලෙසින් හැඳින්වෙන චීන අත්ෂර භාවිතයෙන් ආවර්ධනය කෙරෙන මුත්, උතුරු කොරියාවේ, හංජා භාවිතය නැති තරම්ය.

හංගුල් වනාහි ව්‍යඤ්ජනාක්ෂර සහ ප්‍රාණාක්ෂර 24 කින් සමන්විත   සත්‍ය හෝඩියකි. කෙසේවෙතත්, ලතින් හෝඩියකදී මෙන් අක්ෂර අනුක්‍රමිකව ලිවීම වෙනුවට, එක එකක් විසින්  මාත්‍රාවක් පිටපත් කෙරෙන,  한 හන්  han   වැනි, කට්ටල වලට හංගුල් අක්ෂර සමූහගත කෙරෙයි. එනම්, 한 හන්  han   මාත්‍රාව එක් අක්ෂරයක් ලෙස පෙනුනද, එය අක්ෂර තුනකින් සමන්විත වෙයි: ㅎ h, ㅏ a, සහ  ㄴ n. එක් එක් මාත්‍රා කට්ටලය සමන්විත වන්නේ අක්ෂර දෙක සිට පහ දක්වා අතර වන සංඛ්‍යාවකින් වන අතර, එහි අවම වශයෙන් එක්   ව්‍යඤ්ජනාක්ෂරයක් සහ එක්  ප්‍රාණාක්ෂරයක් අඩංගු වෙයි. මෙම කට්ටල සකස්කෙරෙනුයේ වමේ සිට දකුණට තිරස් දිශාවට සහ ඉහළ සිට පහළට සිරස් දිශාවටය. පැවතිය හැකි කට්ටල ගණන ගණිතමය වශයෙන් ගණනය කල විට 11,172 ක් වුවද, කොරියානු  ශබ්දක්‍රෙමෝපායය විසින් පැවතීමට ඉඩසලසන මාත්‍රා ගණන ඊට වඩා බෙහෙවින් අඩු සංඛ්‍යාවක් වන අතර, ශබ්දක්‍රෙමෝපායානුකූලව පැවතිය හැකි සියළු මාත්‍රා සත්‍ය ලෙසින් කොරියානු වචන වල නොපවතියි. ශබ්දවිද්‍යාත්මක විස්තරයක් සඳහා, කොරියානු  ශබ්දවිද්‍යාව බලන්න.

නම්

නිල නම්

සටහන්

අධෝසටහන්

කොරියානු ලේඛන ක්‍රමය
හංගුල්
බ්‍රාහ්මි අකුරු
කොරියානු භාෂාව
කොරියාවේ ජාතික සංකේත
අක්ෂර වින්‍යාස ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණය

හංගුල්


Sălbăticie sau teren sălbatic este un mediu natural pe Pământ care nu a fost modificat semnificativ de activitatea umană. De asemenea, poate fi definit ca: "Zonele naturale sălbatice cele mai intacte, nedeteriorate, lăsate pe planeta noastră - acele locuri cu adevărat sălbatice pe care oamenii nu le controlează și nu s-au dezvoltat cu drumuri, conducte sau alte infrastructuri industriale." Termenul se referă în mod tradițional la mediile terestre, deși o atenție sporită se acordă sălbăticiei marine. Hărți recente ale sălbăticiei sugerează că acoperă aproximativ un sfert din suprafața terestră a Pământului, dar este degradată rapid de activitatea umană. Chiar și mai puțină sălbăticie rămâne în ocean, cu doar 13,2% liberă de activitate umană intensă.

Unele guverne le stabilesc prin lege sau acte administrative, de obicei în terenuri care nu au fost modificate în mare măsură de acțiunea umană. Caracteristica principală a acestora este că activitatea motorizată umană este semnificativ limitată. Aceste acțiuni încearcă nu numai să păstreze ceea ce există deja, ci și să promoveze și să promoveze o expresie și dezvoltare naturală. Zonele sălbatice pot fi găsite în rezervații, zone conservate, păduri naționale, parcuri naționale și chiar în zonele urbane de-a lungul râurilor, viroagelor sau a zonelor nedezvoltate în alt mod. Aceste zone sunt considerate importante pentru supraviețuirea anumitor specii, biodiversitate, studii ecologice, conservare, singurătate și recreere. Sălbăticia este foarte apreciată din motive culturale, spirituale, morale și estetice. Unii autori spun că zonele de sălbăticie sunt vitale pentru spiritul uman și creativitate. Ele pot, de asemenea, să păstreze trăsături genetice istorice și să ofere un habitat pentru flora și fauna sălbatică care ar putea fi dificil de reconstituit în grădini zoologice, arboretum sau laboratoare.

Note

Legături externe

 IUCN Category 1a: Strict Nature Reserve
 IUCN Category 1b: Wilderness Areas

 The Wilderness Society
 Wilderness Information Network
 Wilderness Articles, Survival Techniques, Edible Plants
 Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute
 Wilderness Task Force/World Commission on Protect Areas
 Campaign for America's Wilderness

Definiții

 Detailed maps of United States wilderness designations
 What is Wilderness? - Definition & discussion of wilderness as a human construction
 Wilderness and the American Mind  - by Roderick Nash
 The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature by William Cronon.

 Wilderness Protected Areas: Management Guidelines for IUCN Category 1b Protected areas - Definition, Governance, Management, and Evaluation of Wilderness Areas

Sălbăticie
Mediu natural global

Sălbăticie


1 - الشعر الفصيح : ( 62 مجموعة شعرية)

 آت شظايا من رسائلهم - عبد الغني فوزي - منشورات اتحاد كتاب المغرب - الرباط.
 إبحار في ذاكرة القلب - خالد بودريف - أنفو برانت - فاس - 102 صفحة.
 أب مفتاح باب - علي ماسو - مطبعة تريفة - بركان - 54 صفحة.
 أحتمل الوجود - محمد أنوار محمد - دار الأمان - الرباط - 70 صفحة.
 أضغاث أحلام - إبراهيم الكراوي .
 أعدني إلى رحم المحبرة - عبد الرحمن بوعلي - مطبعة تريفة - بركان - 128 صفحة.
 إكسير الروح - رشيدة فقري - مطبعة أنفو برانت -فاس - 57 صفحة.
 إلى من تسكن قلبي - محمد جناني - منشورات المطعم الثقافي الأندلسي - أصيلة - 35 صفحة.
 إليك أيها الظمأ كل هذا الارتواء - فتيحة النوحو - البوكيلي للطباعة - القنيطرة - 54 صفحة.
 أنت عصاي الكريمة عند اللقاء - عبد القادر الطاهري - مؤسسة التنوخي - آسفي - 49 صفحة.
 الإنسان الحر أو السامي - عمر حمداوي - مطبعة الأنوار المغاربية - وجدة.
 أي رهان - حسن المباركي صحري - دار الآفاق المغربية للنشر - البيضاء -115 صفحة.
 أي ذاكرة تكفيك - ثريا ماجدولين - مطبعة النجاح الجديدة - البيضاء.
 إيقاعات نشيد العشق - رشيد سوسان - مطبعة الجسور - وجدة - 97 صفحة.
 أيها البراق - عبد الكريم الطبال - منشورات سليكي - طنجة - 114 صفحة.
 البحر ذروة الماء البحر ذروة العطش - أحمد شقوبي - منشورات إذاعة طنجة.
 بوح أنثى - غادة مصباح - دار القرويين - البيضاء - 83 صفحة.
 البياض يليق بسوزان - بوجمعة العوفي - مطبعة أنفو برانت - فاس - 115 صفحة.
 بين ذراعي قمر - فاطمة الزهراء بنيس - دار ملامح للنشر - 173 صفحة.
 تحرير الفكر (ج2) - عبد العزيز برحيلي - مطبعة الجسور - وجدة.
 تغريد خارج السرب - البشير بلفقيه - دار أبي رقراق - الرباط - 88 صفحة.
 تقاسيم على وتر حزين - محمد رحموني - مطبعة الجسور - وجدة - 48 صفحة.
 حدائق زارا - رشيد الخديري - مطبعة أنفو برانت - فاس - 56 صفحة.
 حديث الحب - مصطفى بلعوني - منشورات وزارة الثقافة - الرباط.
 حديث المرحلة - رشيدة أفيلال - نداكوم - الرباط - 66 صفحة.
 الحزن يعصف كل يوم - إدريس يزيدي - مطبعة تريفة - بركان - 99 صفحة.
 حناجرها عمياء - لطيفة المسكيني - دار توبقال - البيضاء - 94 صفحة.
 حين يهب الماء - صباح الدبي - مطبعة أنفو برانت - فاس - 90 صفحة.
 الخيط الأخير - عبد الجواد الخنيفي - منشورات وزارة الثقافة - الرباط - 57 صفحة.
 رحلات أبدية - كمال الأيوبي - ربا نيت - الرباط - 69 صفحة.
 رسائل غير آمنة إلى آمنة - عبد القادر الطاهري - مؤسسة التنوخي للطباعة والنشر-آسفي- 66 صفحة.
 السماء تغادر المحطة - فؤاد شردودي - منشورات زاوية - الرباط - 96 صفحة.
 سيدة القمة - محمد لقاح - مؤسسة التنوخي للطباعة والنشر- آسفي - 51 صفحة.
 شاهدة على يدي - علي العلوي - دار شمس للنشر - القاهرة - 99 صفحة.
 شبهة الطين - الذهبي المشروحي - منشورات اتحاد كتاب المغرب - الرباط.
 صمت الحواس - عبد الحق ميفراني - منشورات اتحاد كتاب المغرب - الرباط.
 ضجر الموتى - سعيد الباز - منشورات وزارة الثقافة - الرباط –
 عتبات الذاكرة - محمد عماري - دار الورزازي للنشر - الرباط.
 العري على موائد اللغة - زين العابدين اليساري - طوب بريس - الرباط - 118 صفحة.
 الغابة الأولى - محمد الشنتوفي .
 فرامل لعجلات طائشة في الهواء - بنيونس ماجن - دار الزمان - دمشق - 83 صفحة.
 قصائد مالحة - إدريس بوقاع .
 قفازات بدائية - إدريس علوش - دار التكوين - دمشق - 96 صفحة.
 قميص الأشلاء - إدريس علوش - منشورات اتحاد كتاب المغرب - الرباط.
 كما لو رآني - عبد اللطيف شهبون - منشورات سليكي إخوان - طنجة.
 كوة - أحمد الجوهري - المطبعة الوراقة - مراكش - 78 صفحة.
 لا شيء - عتيق الزيادي .
 لسيدة الشبق أعترف - الطيب هلو - مؤسسة التنوخي للطباعة والنشر - آسفي - 61 صفحة.
 للصمت متسع للنظر - الحسن العابدي - مطبعة سجلماسة - مكناس.
 لؤلؤ ومرجان - عز الدين الإدريسي - مطبعة النجاح الجديدة - البيضاء - 546 صفحة.
 مباهج ممكنة - أحمد بنميمون - دار القرويين - البيضاء - 98 صفحة.
 مخلوقات العزلة - خالد الذهبية - منشورات وزارة الثقافة - الرباط.
 مرايا الريش الخفيف - منير الإدريسي - منشورات اتحاد كتاب المغرب - الرباط -113 صفحة.
 مركبة السنجاب - محمد بودويك - مطبعة أنفو برانت - فاس - 141 صفحة.
 من فراديس الوجدان - أمينة توتة الإدريسي - دار القرويين - البيضاء - 106 صفحة.
 موشحات حزن متفائل - محمد الميموني - 142 صفحة.
 هذا جناه علي الشعر - عبد السلام المساوي - مطبعة أنفو برانت - فاس 98 صفحة.
 هذيانات على قارعة الروح - مصطفى بدوي - منشورات إذاعة طنجة - 74 صفحة.
 وصايا ماموث لم ينقرض - محمد السرغيني - منشورات جامعة سيدي محمد بن عبد الله - فاس 217 صفحة.
 وضاقت بما رحبت - محمد زروقي - مطبوعات الهلال -وجدة-84 صفحة.
 ومضات عاشق - جمال الخالدي - مطبعة الجسور - وجدة - 133 صفحة.
 يسكن بحرا - محمد الرويسي - مطبعة النجاح الجديدة - البيضاء 109 صفحة.

2 - الرواية : (23 رواية).

 إعادة الانتشار - محمد بريكي بلقايد .
 انكسار الريح - أحمد المخلوفي - منشورات مرايا - طنجة - 256 صفحة.
 بابل - عبد العزيز آيت بنصالح - المطبعة والوراقة الوطنية - مراكش - 254 صفحة.
 ثقل العالم - سعيد بوكرامي - منشورات أجراس -دار القرويين - البيضاء-73 صفحة.
 خبز وحشيش وسمك - عبد الرحيم لحبيبي - إفريقيا الشرق - البيضاء - 232 صفحة.
 رقصة العنكبوت - مصطفى لغتيري - دار الحرف - القنيطرة.
 الريف بين الأبيض والأسود - خالد قدومي - hi-tec طنجة.
 صهيل منتصف الليل - الحسين الحياني - دار أبي رقراق - الرباط 204 صفحة.
 طوق اليمام - ربيع مبارك - المركز الثقافي العربي - البيضاء.
 العابر - جلول قاسمي - إفريقيا الشرق - البيضاء - 200 صفحة.
 غابت سعاد - بوشعيب الساوري - دار أزمنة - الجزائر.
 غرب المتوسط - عبد العزيز جدير - دار أبي رقراق - الرباط - 302 صفحة.
 فارة المسك - الميلودي شغموم - منشورات الريشة السحرية - مكناس.
 الفندق - محمد مسلك - إفريقيا الشرق - البيضاء - 142 صفحة.
 قبل أن تغيب الشمس - عبد المجيد بنسودة - منشورات وزارة الثقافة - الرباط -223 صفحة.
 قصة حديقة الحيوانات - يوسف فاضل - مطبعة النجاح الجديدة - البيضاء.
 محلى ومارينز - ميلود بنباقي - مركز نهر النيل للنشر - القاهرة - 160 صفحة.
 مرايا - مصطفى شعبان - مطبعة تريفة - بركان - 203 صفحة.
 المقامات العنكبوتية - محمد علي حيدر - مطبعة النجاح الجديدة - البيضاء - 216 صفحة.
 مواجع أنثى - سعاد رغاي - إفريقا الشرق - البيضاء - 80 صفحة.
 مشلوميخ هيروتا أو سمراء العسل - أحمد ظريف - مطبعة بني يزناسن - سلا - 148 صفحة.
 موسم الكرامة - عقى النماري - مطبعة دار القرويين - البيضاء 156 صفحة.
 نساء باكيات - علي أفيلال - مطبعة النجاح الجديدة - البيضاء.
 وشم الجنوب - أحمد الفطناسي - مطبعة Noursafi - آسفي - 123 صفحة.
 وقت الرحيل - نور الدين محقق .
 ابزو محاولة لاستعادة الذاكرة المفتقدة فرحات المصطفى دار وليلي للطباعة والنشر مراكش

3 - القصة القصيرة : (36 مجموعة)

 أصوات - عبد النبي بزاز - دار الوطن للصحافة - الرباط.
 أكواريوم - عبد الحميد الغرباوي - منشورات مجموعة البحث في القصة القصيرة بالمغرب - البيضاء.
 الأندلسية - المصطفى الدقاري - منشورات أجراس - البيضاء - 68 صفحة.
 البيت الرمادي - عبد اللطيف النيلة - دار وليلي - مراكش.
 تسونامي - مصطفى لغتيري - منشورات أجراس - البيضاء.
 الجثة الحية - السعدية صوصيني - التنوخي - آسفي.
 الجدار ينبت ها هنا - مبارك حسني - منشورات مرابا - طنجة.
 الحب في شارع المارشال - عبد القادر الطاهري - منشورات التنوخي - آسفي - 66 صفحة.
 حروف الفقدان - عبده حقي -مطبعة أنفو برانت - فاس - 113صفحة.
 حلم لا يرى النور - بديعة بنمراح - منشورات التنوخي - آسفي - 44 صفحة.
 خبز أسود خبز أبيض - محمد الحاضي - منشورات مجموعة البحث في القصة القصيرة - البيضاء-
 خدوش على جداريات القوارير - صالحة رحوتي - مركز نهر النيل للنشر- القاهرة - 116 صفحة.
 خريف وقصص أخرى - أحمد المديني - منشورات المديني.
 دار المليحة عزة بين الشام وأنوال - عبد القادر الطاهري - مؤسسة التنوخي - آسفي.
 رحلة في السراب - إدريس الجرماطي -Impression Net - ورزازات - 88 صفحة..
 رعشات من معطف الليل - مليكة صراري - منشورات أجراس - دار القرويين - البيضاء - 96 صفحة.
 رغبات مجنونة - محمد الدغمومي - منشورات اتحاد كتاب المغرب - الرباط.
 روتانا سينما وهلوسات أخرى - هشام بن الشاوي - دار أبي رقراق - الرباط.
 سرير الدهشة - محمد اكويندي - منشورات أجراس -دار القرويين - البيضاء-60صفحة.
 سم بدون كولسترول - عبد السلام المودني - دار سعد الورزازي للنشر - الرباط - 78 صفحة.
 السيد لنينين السيد فرويد والسيد تحفة - أحمد طليمات - منشورات الآفاق المغربية -مراكش- 82 صفحة.
 شجرة القهر - محمد كروم - مطبعة تارودانت - 55 صفحة.
 ضفائر الغابة - محمد فاهي - منشورات دار أزمنة - الأردن - 77 صفحة.
 طلقات بنادق - إبراهيم أوحسين - دار دفاتر - 70 صفحة.
 العناصر - أحمد شكر - منشورات مجموعة البحث في القصة القصيرة بالمغرب - البيضاء - 73 صفحة.
 فانيليا سمراء - منى وفيق - دار أزمنة - الأردن - 54 صفحة.
 في عين الظلمة - حسن برما - مطبعة ليمورية - 109 صفحة.
 القردانية - محمد اشويكة - منشورات وزارة الثقافة - الرباط.
 قهوة الروح الجديدة - عبد القهار الحجاري - التنوخي - آسفي - 54 صفحة.
 كلاب السوق - عبد الوهام سمكان - منشورات مجموعة البحث في القصة القصيرة بالمغرب - البيضاء.
 لسان جدتي (حكايات)- نادية متفق - مؤسسة التنوخي - آسفي.
 متعدد لوجه واحد- أحمد القاطي - مطبعة أنفو برانت - فاس - 85 صفحة.
 مولد الروح - زهور كرام - منشورات مجموعة البحث في القصة القصيرة - البيضاء.
 ميريندا - فاطمة بوزيان - منشورات اتحاد كتاب المغرب - الرباط.
 وجع الرمال - عبد العزيز الراشدي .
 وردة النار - مصطفى شعبان - مطبعة تريفة - بركان - 90 صفحة.
 البحر الثامن/ راية البحر/السباخان الماهران: نصوص قصصية للفتيان. عبد الرحيم مؤدن وزارة الثقافة..2008

4 - في المسرح: (ثلاثة نصوص)
 زنوبيا في موكب الفينيق - عبد الرحمن بن زيدان - مطبعة أنفو برانت - فاس - 117 صفحة.
 الطربوش والبراميل - حسن لهبابطة - دار القرويين - البيضاء - 88 صفحة.
 محنة الشيخ اليوسي - عثمان أشقرا - مطبعة النجاح الجديدة - 79 صفحة.

5 - في الزجل: (ستة أعمال)
 الحراز - العربي عيشان - مطبعة النجاح الجديدة - البيضاء - 59 صفحة.
 صياد المعاني - عزيز محمد بن سعد - منشورات كتابة الدولة المكلفة بالأسرة - الرباط.
 عيوط أم هاني - إدريس بن العطار .
 الكلام ..لسيدي أحمد البهلول - مناورات شرفات.
 فتنة الدنيا - فاطمة قاسمي - دار وليلي - مراكش - 72 صفحة.
 هجهوج الحال - محمد مومر - مطبعة فارير - سطات - 166 صفحة.

6 - في النقد

 1 - في النقد الأدبي العام : خمسة مؤلفات
 أبحاث في الفكاهة والسخرية - تنسيق أحمد شايب - دار أبي رقراق - الرباط.
 الإبداع الأدبي المعاصر بالجهة الشرقية من المغرب - محمد قاسمي - مطبعة الجسور - وجدة.
 الثقافة وجواراتها - أحمد شراك - منشورات مقاربات - آسفي.
 ذاكرة قلم - خناثة بنونة - البوكيلي للطباعة - القنيطرة.
 مكتبة الأدب الإسلامي المغربي - الحسين زروق - مطبعة أنفو برانت - فاس.
 2 - في نقد الشعر : خمسة مؤلفات
 أنواع الزجل بالمغرب من الغنائية إلى التفاعلية - محمد الراشق - دار أبي رقراق - الرباط.
 الشعر والشعراء في المغرب على عهد الدولة العلوية - عبد الله المرابط الترغي / محمد كنون - مطبعة الخليج العربي - تطوان.
 الكتابة وإعادة الكتابة في الشعر المغربي المعاصر - خالد بلقاسم - منشورات وزارة الثقافة - الرباط.
 كالنهر يصعد في الأزرق : في التجربة الشعرية لأحمد بلحاج آية وارهام - كتاب أفروديت -رقم 5 - مراكش.
 مرجان الأعماق: تأملات في نصوص مغربية معاصرة - محمد بونجمة - مطبعة أنفو برانت - فاس.
 3 - في النقد القصصي : خمسة مؤلفات
 المعارضة الشعرية عتبات التناص في القصيدة المغربية - أحمد زنيبر - دار أبي رقراق للطباعة والنشر.
 أسئلة القصة القصيرة بالمغرب - محمد رمصيص - مطبعة طوب بريس.
 جدل الاستمرار والتجاوز: قراءات في القصة القصيرة المغربية الجديدة - محمد الدوهو - جذور للنشر - الرباط.
 القصة القصيرة بالمغرب: دراسة في المنجز النصي - إعداد جمال بوطيب - مؤسسة التنوخي - آسفي.
 القصة القصيرة جدا بالمغرب: المسار والتطور - جميل حمداوي - مؤسسة التنوخي للطباعة والنشر - آسفي.
 مدار السلمون: حركة التجريب القصصي في المغرب - مطبعة أنفو برانت - فاس.
 4 - في النقد الروائي : أحد عشر مؤلفا:
 انغلاق الدائرة: دراسات في الرواية العربية - نور الدين صدوق - دار أزمنة - الأردن.
 الرواية العربية: قراءة من منظور التحليل النفسي - حسن المودن - مؤسسة التنوخي للنشر- آسفي.
 الرواية المغربية: آفاق جديدة - جماعي - دار التنوخي - آسفي.
 الشعري في الكتابة الروائية : دراسة في الرواية المغربية الجديدة - محمد أدادا -مطبعة أنفو برانت- فاس.
 في رحاب السرد - عبد السلام أقلمون - ربانيت - الرباط.
 الكتابة ونهج الاختلاف في الرواية المغربية - محمد الدوهو - مؤسسة جذور للنشر.
 ما الحاجة إلى الرواية؟ - عبد الفتاح الحجمري - دار الثقافة - البيضاء.
 من الإبداع الروائي إلى نقد النقد - جميل حمداوي - سلسلة شرفات - البيضاء.
 من خطاب السيرة المحدود إلى عوالم التخييل الذاتي الرحبة - عبد الملك أشهبون - مطبعة أنفو برانت - فاس.
 من فن السيرة إلى فضاء التخييل الذاتي - عبد الملك أشهبون - مطبعة أنفو برانت - فاس.
 الهوى المصري في المخيلة المغربية - محمد مشبال - منشورات بلاغات - القصر الكبير.
 5 - في النقد المسرحي : مؤلفان
 تجربة في المسرح المغربي المنظوم - صلاح الطويل - دار نشر أهل فاس.
 الخطاب المسرحي عند مصطفى رمضاني - كتاب جماعي - مطبعة تريفة -بركان.

مراجع

أدب مغربي
قوائم متعلقة بالمغرب

قائمة الكتب المنشورة في المغرب سنة 2008


Vajèn van den Bosch (født 13. marts 1998 i Oijen) er en nederlandsk sangerinde, muscal artist, skuespiller og tegnefilmsdubber. Hun har et forhold til skuespilleren Lennart Timmerman..

Karriere
Van den Bosch begyndte sin sangkarriere i en alder af 10 år ved at auditere for The Sound of Music. Hun blev valgt ud af 2000 børn, for at synge i en af de seks grupper af Von Trappfamilier. Van den Bosch optrådte med sin lille gruppe i tv-programmet, The Show of Music, der blev sendt af det nederlandske TV-kanal AVRO. Det var også hendes tv-debut. Derefter spillede van den Bosch i endnu flere store musikalske produktioner og små teaterforestillinger. Hendes første hovedrolle fik hun i Droomvlucht, hvor hun spillede elfen Lila. Derefter deltog van den Bosch i The Voice Kids. I 2012/2013 spillede Vajèn teen Fiona i Shrek the Musical , og hun har arrangeret en velgørenhedskoncert. I november 2013, deltog Vajèn i musicalen 'Titus', i Teater de Lievekamp i Oss.

I løbet af teatersæsonen 2013/2014 kunne van den Bosch ses i Klaas Vaak, en eventyrmusical, hvor Vajèn spillede frøprinsessen Anura. Denne rolle delte hun med sin søster Venna og Manouk Pluis. Fra den 23. november 2014 kunne Van den Bosch ses som Liesl, den ældste datter af Kaptajn Von Trapp i The Sound of Music.

Van den Bosch begyndte på sin 11. år med sangundervisning. Hun studerede i skoleåret 2013/2014 på Fontys Muziekconservatorium i Tilburg. Vajèn debuterede den 1. september 2014 i ungdoms-serien SpangaS, som Juliette men stoppede igen i 2015. Van den Bosch fik efterfølgende hovedrollen Sandy i musicalen Grease. I 2016 spillede Vajèn Prinsesse Tessa i Den Bestøvlede Kat i Efteling Teater og har medvirket i filmen Hart Beat.

The Voice Kids

Van den Bosch opnåede berømmelse gennem hendes deltagelse i programmet The Voice Kids. I hendes 'Blind Audition' sang Vajén "the Climb" af Miley Cyrus. Van den Bosch vandt The Battles, og The Sing Off, der fulgte umiddelbart efter, og blev af sin coach Marco Borsato valgt til at synge i finalen. Finalen fandt sted på den 23. marts 2012. Vajén tabte finalen sammen med Dave Dekker til Fabiënne Bergmans.

Indtil 2008 var Van den Bosch en af de få der havde navnet Vajèn. Efter The Voice Kids i 2012 fik 174 piger navnet. Hvis alle stavningsvariationer bliver taget i betragtning, havde 428 piger i 2012 fået dette navn. Til sammenligning: den mest populære navn i 2012 var Emma og den blev givet til 680 piger. Den pludselige stigning falder sammen med den berømmelse der Vajèn van den Bosch fik.

Venna van der Bosch
Van den Bosch' yngre søster Venna er også aktiv som musicalsanger. Venna gjorde audition for The Sound of Music, og blev valgt til at spille den samme rolle, som hendes søster Vajèn havde spillet i en tidligere udgave: Martha von Trapp.

Teater

Musikal

Filmhistorie

Tv-serier
 2008: Cory i Det Hvide Hus - Stemme på Sophie
 2008: Do Re, Hvem? (AVRO) - Auditant
 2008: The Show of Music (AVRO) - Martha
 2011: Chuggington - Stemme på Koko
 2011: Held og lykke, Charlie! - Stemme på Jo
 2012: Bien Maja- Stemme på Bien Maja
 2012: The Voice Kids (RTL 4) - Kandidat
 2013: Dog with a Blog - Stemme på Avery Jennings
 2014: Wolfblood - Stemme på Madeline 'Maddy' Smith
 2014: The Hathaways - Stemme på Taylor Hathaway
 2014: Wie-o-wie Zingt Do Re Mi? (RTL 8) - Studievært
 2014-2015: SpangaS (NCRV) - Juliette Vrolijks
 2016: Goede tijden, slechte tijden - Moon van Panhuys
 2016: Nieuwe Tijden - Moon van Panhuys
 2016: Ghost Rockers - Fenne Dijkstra

Film
 2012 Thor: Legenden fra Valhalla - Stemme på Edda
 2013 Vampyrsøstrene - Stemme på Silvania
 2014 Ice Age 4 - Stemme på Peaches
 2014 Bien Maya: Første flyvning - Stemme på Bien Maya
 2014 Annie - Stemme på Pepper
 2015: SpangaS in Actie - Juliette Vrolijks
 2015: Bibi og tina - Stemme på shopie
 2016: Heart Beat - Zoë
 2016: Vaiana - Stemme på Vaiana

Diskografi

Singler
 The Climb - 17. februar 2012 - Nr. 10 i de Single Top 100
 Show Me Heaven - 23. marts 2012 - Nr. 26 i de Single Top 100
 Een Wereld Van Licht - 19. december 2013 - Titelsong af Musical 2.0, sammen med Tessa van Tol og Cindy Bell
 Heart Beat - Rein van Duivenboden & Vajèn van den Bosch

Øvrige
 For reklamekampagnen af Verdensnaturfonden har vajèn sunget Walking in the Air.

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

 Vajèns egen blog

 Blind audition hos The Voice Kids
 Hopelessly Devoted to You - Premiere for Grease The Musical

Sangere fra Nederlandene
Skuespillere fra Nederlandene

Vajèn van den Bosch


Crkva sv. Antuna Padovanskog, crkva u Svibu, općina Cista Provo, zaštićeno kulturno dobro

Opis dobra
Crkva svetog Ante Padovanskog stara je župna crkva sela Svib, sagrađena 1747. godine. Jednobrodna građevina, pravokutnog tlocrta s pravokutnom apsidom, orijentirana istok-zapad. Pročelje završava trokutnim zabatom u čijem vrhu je kasnobarokni zvonik "na preslicu" s tri zvona. Sagrađena je vjerojatno na temeljima ranije crkve, a sigurno na nekadašnjem groblju sa stećcima koje je uništeno novim ukopima. Unutrašnjost crkve u potpunosti je oslikana. Sačuvani su glavni i bočni oltar te drveni kor. Predstavlja lijep primjer pučke arhitekture 18. stoljeća.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-3690 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene sakralne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj
Svib

Crkva sv. Ante Padovanskog u Svibu


محمد دياب (13 يونيو 1978 -)، مخرج وكاتب سيناريو مصري، تخرج من كلية التجارة وإدارة الأعمال جامعة قناة السويس بالإسماعيلية وهو شاب هاوٍ للكتابة. أنهى دراسته وتوجّه بعدها للعمل في أحد البنوك الأجنبية بالقاهرة، ثم أدرك صعوبة إستمراره في تلك المهنة مع حبه للكتابة، فترك عمله وتوجه في عام 2005 لدراسة فن كتابة السيناريو في أكاديمية نيويورك للسينما.

أعماله

أعماله السينمائية

 زمن أبو الدهب:2014
 سيناريو فيلم أحلام حقيقية
 سيناريو فيلم الجزيرة
 سيناريو فيلم ألف مبروك
 سيناريو فيلم بدل فاقد
 سيناريو فيلم 678
 سيناريو فيلم ديكور
 مسلسل Moon Knight

أعماله التلفزيونية

 المشاركة في إعداد حلقات من برنامج الطريق الصح، للأستاذ معز مسعود.
 المشاركة في إعداد برنامج (رحلة اليقين) تقديم معز مسعود
 كتابة حلقات برنامج (خطوات الشيطان) بالاشتراك مع خالد دياب وشيرين دياب، للأستاذ معز مسعود .
 مسلسل طايع بطولة عمرو يوسف.

أعماله المسرحية

 عبور وانتصار 2017

أعماله الإذاعية

 إعداد وإذاعة حلقات برنامج غني صح، على قناة راديو صوتكم.

أعماله كشاعر

 أغنية برنامج الطريق الصح، غناء محمود العسيلي. تلحين (معز مسعود)
 أغنية تتجوزيني، غناء هاني عادل تلحين (معز مسعود).
 أغنية برنامج خدعوك، تقديم مصطفى حسني.
 كتابة أغنية برنامج على باب الجنة، تقديم مصطفى حسني. تلحين (محمد راجح)
 كتابة أغنية «الميدان» غناء وتلحين حمزة نمرة.
 كتابة أغنية «بص في وشوش» غناء تامر حسني. تلحين (تامر عاشور)
 كتابه أغنية «متجننه» غناء (بشري) تلحين محمود العسيلي.

الإخراج

 فيلم 678
 فيلم اشتباك
 فيلم أميرة
 مسلسل فارس القمرمسلسل اين ابنى
 شارك في إخراج عدد من حلقات مسلسل فارس القمر (مسلسل)

المراجع

روابط خارجية

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من الإسماعيلية
كتاب سيناريو في القرن 21
كتاب سيناريو مصريون
مخرجو تلفزيون مصريون
مخرجون سينمائيون مصريون
منتجون مصريون
مواليد 1398 هـ
مواليد 1978
مواليد في الإسماعيلية (مدينة)

محمد دياب


Sendrom ya da belirgi, birbirleriyle ilişkisiz gibi görünen, ancak bir araya geldiklerinde tek bir olgu olarak kendilerini gösteren bulgular bütünüdür. Sendromlar, kalıtsal olabilir ya da edinsel nedenlerle de oluşabilir.  Kalıtsal sendromlar otosomal dominant, otosomal resesif ya da X-kromozomu aracılığıyla aktarılırlar; bir bölümünün nedeni bilinmemektedir. Sendromlar bir hastalık tablosunun gelişmesi içinde bir bulgu olabildiği gibi, bazı hastalıklar bazı sendromların komplikasyonu olarak belirlenirler.

Tıp dilinde, belirgi, yalnızca, nedenleri tek tek açıklanamayan, birlikte rastlanılan bulguları tanımlamakta kullanılır. Dolayısıyla, bu bulgular, altında yatan bir hastalıkla açıklanabilirse, kuramsal olarak artık sendrom değildir. Buna karşın, eskiden belirgi olarak anılan ve günümüzde nedenleri bilindiği için hastalık olarak bilinen bir sürü durum, geleneksel sendrom adını korumuştur.

Yunanca'da birlikte koşmak anlamına gelen belirgi, mantıklı bir deyiştir, çünkü yukarıda da açıklandığı gibi, sendrom, tanımı gereği birtakım bulguların birlikte olmasından kaynaklanır. Hastalığın oluşumunun (patofizyoloji) açıklanamadığı durumlarda en çok kullanılır.

Bir sürü belirgi, adını onu ilk bulan doktordan almıştır (bunlara eponim belirgiler denir). Böyle olmadığı durumlarda ise, adlarını genellikle coğrafi yer adlarından almışlardır.

Belirgiler ve bulguları
Bir duruma belirgi denilebilmesi için, tanımı gereği, bir takım bulguların ortada olması gerekmektedir. Bu bulgular büyük bulgular ve küçük bulgular olarak ikiye ayrılır. Çoğu durumda, bulguların tümüne bir arada rastlanmaz. Bundan dolayı, kimi özgü belirgilerin tanısının konulabilmesi için, tıbbi yetkelerce belirlenen belirli bir sayıda büyük ve küçük bulguların o kişide bulunması gerekmektedir.

Belirginin öğeleri olan büyük ve küçük bulguların aksine, kimi bağlantılı durumlara da o sendromu olan kişide, olmayana göre daha çok sıklıkta rastlanabilir. Sayımlama yönünden bir belirgi ile bağlantılı olduğu durum arasında sayısal bir ilişki olsa da, aralarındaki bağıntının nedeni açık değildir. Örnek olarak Down sendromu gösterilebilir. Down sendromu olan kişiler, belirginin tipik bulgularının yanında, ayrıca lösemi, lenfoma, Alzheimer, şeker hastalığı ve tiroid hastalıklarına yakalanmaya topluma göre daha yatkındırlar. Bu bağıntının bilinmesi, bulguların bilinmesi kadar önemlidir, çünkü doktorlar Down sendromu olan bir hastada bu durumları tarayıp, kimilerini önleyebilir ya da durumun ağırlığını yatıştırabilir.

İki özel belirgi
1970'li yılların sonlarında ortaya çıkan edinilmiş bağışıklık yetersizliği belirgisinin (EBEB, ing. AIDS), başlarda bir belirgi olarak nitelendirilmesinin nedeni, günümüze değin bulunan bir sürü bağışıklık yetmezliği olgularının aksine, bu olgunun doğuştan gelen bir yapım-yıkım düzensizlikleri ya da kan hastalıkları ulamına girmemesiydi.

AIDS, başlarda, yalnızca eşcinsellerde görüldüğünden "eşcinsellikle ilgili bağışıklık hastalığı" olarak nitelendiriliyordu. Ancak birkaç yıl sonra heteroseksüel insanlarda da görülmeye başlandı. Bunun da birkaç yıl ardından, EBEB'e neden olan HIV (insan bağışıklık yetmezliği virüsü) keşfedildi ve bu gizemli "belirgi" de çözümlenmiş oldu.

Ağır iveğen solunum sendromu (ing. SARS) da daha yakın yıllarda yaşanmış bir örnektir. Başlarda nedeni bilinmeyen, solunum güçlüğü olarak ortaya çıkan "sendroma", daha sonraları, bir koronavirüsün neden olduğu saptanmıştır.

Sağaltım (Tedavi)
Edinsel sendromlarda uygulanan sağaltım yöntemleri özellikle nedeni ortadan kaldırmaya yöneliktir. Örneğin, Edinsel İmmun Yetmezlik Sendromu (AIDS) sağaltımında, tabloya neden olan HIV virüsünü ortadan kaldırmaya yönelik ilaçların kullanılması en uygun yöntemdir.

Kalıtsal olguların çok büyük bir bölümünde, sendromların kromozom anomalileri ya da gen mutasyonlarıdır. Genetik hastalıkların bir bölümü, gen mutasyonu nedeniyle ortaya çıkan izole olgulardır. Kromozom anomalileri ya da gen mutasyonları sonucu karşılaşılan sendromların çoğunun sağaltımı olanaksızdır; bu çabaların başında, hastanın yaşam niteliğini yükseltebilecek uygulamalar gelir. Örneğin, Down sendromlu hastaların uyku apnesi, tiroid beziyle ilgili olumsuzluklar, pulmoner hipertansiyon gibi sorunları ilgili uzmanlarca giderilmeye çabalanmaktadır.

Kalıtsal belirgiler
 Aagenaes sendromu
 Down sendromu
 Huzursuz bacak sendromu

Dış bağlantılar
Maksillofasiyal Sendromlar (Ağız-Çene-Yüz bulgularının ön planda olduğu belirgiler)

Kaynakça

Sendrom


Rajarsi Janakananda (* 5. Mai 1892 als James Jesse Lynn; † 20. Februar 1955) war der bekannteste Schüler von Paramahansa Yogananda und ein prominenter Geschäftsmann in Kansas City, Missouri. Er war Millionär, als er Yogananda 1932 kennenlernte. In späteren Jahren übergab er sein gesamtes Vermögen von schätzungsweise sechs Millionen Dollar an Yoganandas Organisation, die Self-Realization Fellowship und verhalf ihr so zu einem lang andauernden Erfolg. Yogananda wählte Janakananda als Nachfolger für das Amt des Präsidenten der Self-Realization Fellowship aus. Janakananda war Präsident dieser Organisation von 1952 bis 1955.

Kindheit und berufliche Erfolge
James Jesse Lynn wurde geboren als Sohn von Jesse William Lynn, einem Farmer, und seiner Frau Salethia Archibald Lynn, die in der Nähe des Ortes Archibald in Louisiana, einem der südlichen Bundesstaaten der USA, wohnten. Er wuchs in bescheidenen Verhältnissen auf. Seine frühe Kindheit war geprägt durch die Arbeiten auf dem Bauernhof. So gehört es unter anderem zu seinen Aufgaben die Kühe zu melken, die Butter zu schlagen und bei der Baumwollernte mitzuhelfen. Seine einfache Schulbildung erhielt er in einem kleinen Holz-Schulhaus.
Er verließ die Schule mit vierzehn und begann für die Missouri Pacific Railroad zu arbeiten. Als einfacher Reinigungsarbeiter erhielt er 2 $ monatlich. Er arbeitete über mehrere Jahre in verschiedenen Positionen bei der Eisenbahngesellschaft, bis er schnell in die Position eines Bürochefs für den Bereichsleiter von Kansas City, Missouri gelangte. Um seine Schulbildung abzuschließen besuchte er in Kansas City die Abendschule. Darüber hinaus nahm er Kurse in Buchhaltung und Jura.
Mit 21 begann er in der Finanzabteilung von 'Bell Telephone Company' zu arbeiten und noch vor Abschluss seines Jura-Studiums wurde er an der Anwaltskammer von Missouri zugelassen.
1913 heiratete er Fred Josephine Prill. Mit 24 Jahren bestand er das Finanz-Examen mit der höchsten Punktzahl, die jemals in Missouri erreicht wurde. Bald danach begann er für die größte Versicherungsgesellschaft im Land, U.S.Epperson, zu arbeiten. Im Alter von 30 Jahren gelang es ihm mit einem riskanten Kredit diese Gesellschaft zu übernehmen. Dieser Schritt ermöglichte ihm eine erfolgreiche Karriere als Geschäftsmann. Er investierte große Summen in Obstplantagen und  Eisenbahnprojekte. Er wurde ein angesehener Geschäftsmann in Kansas City.

Schüler von Paramahansa Yogananda
Trotz seines materiellen Erfolges war Lynn unglücklich und musste einsehen, dass er leicht aufbrauste und nervös war. Im Januar 1932 änderte sich sein Leben, als er an Unterrichtseinheiten teilnahm, die von Paramahansa Yogananda gegeben wurden. Er fühlte sich durch die Gegenwart Yoganandas sofort verändert:

Am zweiten Klassenabend wurde mir bewusst, dass ich aufrecht saß, den Rücken gerade und absolut gefühllos war. Ich sah hinunter zu meinen Händen, die zuvor sich sonst immer voller Unruhe bewegten und welche nun wunderbar ruhig waren... Ich wusste, ich hatte den Pfad gefunden, der mir Zufriedenheit und inneren Frieden gab und dass ich gefunden hatte, was ich suchte, nämlich einen Guru.

Lynn traf Yogananda privat 1932 in Kansas City im Anschluss an eine der Unterrichtsstunden. Kurze Zeit später wurde Lynn von Yogananda als sein Schüler initiiert. Wegen möglicher Kritiken, die eine Freundschaft mit einem Hindi-Lehrer hervorrufen würde, vereinbarten Lynn und Yogananda ihre Verbindung nicht in die Öffentlichkeit bekannt zu machen.

Während der folgenden 20 Jahre besuchte Lynn seinen Yoga-Lehrer häufig in seinem Hauptwohnsitz in Los Angeles oder in seinem Apartment in Encinitas, Kalifornien.
Die Beiden verbrachten viele Stunden miteinander, während denen sie meditierten und über spirituelle Sachverhalte sprachen.

Lynn sagte über seine Freundschaft zu Yogananda:
Eines der Geschenke, die ich durch meine Freundschaft mit Yogananda erhielt, war die Befreiung von Nervosität, von Anspannung und innerer Unsicherheit. Ich gewann Gelassenheit, Friede, Freude und ein Gefühl von Sicherheit, das man erst haben kann wenn man die wahre Sicherheit der Seele gefunden hat.

In seinem Buch Autobiografie eines Yogi zeigt Yogananda auf Seite 318 ein Foto von James J. Lynn mit folgender Erklärung:
Nachdem er fünf Jahre lang täglich Kriya-Yoga geübt hatte, empfing Herr Lynn im Januar 1937 an einem abgeschiedenen Strand in Encinitas, Kalifornien, im Zustand des Samadhi  die beseligende Gottesschau: Der unendliche Herr als die Herrlichkeit im eigenen Inneren. Obgleich er seine weltlichen Pflichten gewissenhaft erfüllte, fand Herr Lynn dennoch Zeit, jeden Tag tief über Gott zu meditieren. Aus dem erfolgreichen Geschäftsmann wurde ein erleuchteter Kriya-Yogi.

1951 gab Yogananda Lynn den Ordensnamen Rajarsi Janakananda.
Nach dem Tod von Yogananda im März 1952 wurde Janakananda Präsident der Self-Realization Fellowship.
Janakananda starb am 20. Februar 1955 in Borrego Springs, Kalifornien.

Siehe auch
 Kriya Yoga
 Paramahansa Yogananda
 Self-Realization Fellowship
 Sri Daya Mata

Einzelnachweise

Person (Yoga)
Mystiker
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1892
Gestorben 1955
Mann
Yogananda

Rajarsi Janakananda